E E (?). 1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet. NOTE: It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin, the form and value being further derived from the Greek, into which it came from the Ph\'d2nician, and ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its etymological relations are closest with the vowels i, a, and o, as illustrated by to fall, to fell; man, pl. men; drink, drank, drench; dint, dent; doom, deem; goose, pl. geese; beef, OF. boef, L. bos; and E. cheer, OF. chiere, LL. cara. NOTE: The le tter e ha s in English several vowel sounds, the two principal being its long or name sound, as in eve, me, and the short, as in end, best. Usually at the end of words it is silent, but serves to indicate that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it would be short, as in m\'bene, as in c\'bene, m, which without the final e would be pronounced m, c, m. After c and g, the final e indicates that these letters are to be pronounced as s and j; respectively, as in lace, rage. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 74-97. 2. (Mus.) E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale. Eb (E flat) is a tone which is intermediate between D and E. E- E-. A Latin prefix meaning out, out of, from; also, without. See Ex-. Each Each (?), a. OR a. pron. [OE. eche, \'91lc, elk, ilk, AS. \'91lc; \'be always + gel\'c6c like; akin to OD. ieg, OHG. , MHG. iegel\'c6ch. Aye, Like, and cf. Either, Every, Ilk.] 1. Every one of the two or more individuals composing a number of objects, considered separately from the rest. It is used either with or without a following noun; as, each of you or each one of you. "Each of the combatants." Fielding. NOTE: &hand; To ea ch co rresponds ot her. "L et each esteem other better than himself." Each other, used elliptically for each the other. It is our duty to assist each other; that is, it is our duty, each to assist the other, each being in the nominative and other in the objective case. It is a bad thing that men should hate each other; but it is far worse that they should contract the habit of cutting one another's throats without hatred. Macaulay. Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton. In each cheek appears a pretty dimple. Shak. Then draw we nearer day by day, Each to his brethren, all to God. Keble. The oak and the elm have each a distinct character. Gilpin. 2. Every; -- sometimes used interchangeably with every. Shak. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton. In short each man's happiness depends upon himself. Sterne. NOTE: &hand; Th is use of each for every, though common in Scotland and in America, is now un-English. Fitzed. Hall. Syn. -- See Every. Eachwhere Each"where` (?), adv. Everywhere. [Obs.] The sky eachwhere did show full bright and fair. Spenser. Eadish Ead"ish (?), n. See Eddish. Eager Ea"ger (?), a. [OE. egre sharp, sour, eager, OF. agre, aigre, F. aigre, fr. L. acer sharp, sour, spirited, zealous; akin to Gr. a point; fr. a root signifying to be sharp. Cf. Acrid, Edge.] 1. Sharp; sour; acid. [Obs.] "Like eager droppings into milk." Shak. 2. Sharp; keen; bitter; severe. [Obs.] "A nipping and an eager air." "Eager words." Shak. 3. Excited by desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue, perform, or obtain; keenly desirous; hotly longing; earnest; zealous; impetuous; vehement; as, the hounds were eager in the chase. And gazed for tidings in my eager eyes. Shak. How eagerly ye follow my disgraces! Shak. When to her eager lips is brought Her infant's thrilling kiss. Keble. A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys. Hawthorne. Conceit and grief an eager combat fight. Shak. 4. Brittle; inflexible; not ductile. [Obs.] Gold will be sometimes so eager, as artists call it, that it will as little endure the hammer as glass itself. Locke. Syn. -- Earnest; ardent; vehement; hot; impetuous; fervent; intense; impassioned; zealous; forward. See Earnest. -- Eager, Earnest. Eager marks an excited state of desire or passion; thus, a child is eager for a plaything, a hungry man is eager for food, a covetous man is eager for gain. Eagerness is liable to frequent abuses, and is good or bad, as the case may be. It relates to what is praiseworthy or the contrary. Earnest denotes a permanent state of mind, feeling, or sentiment. It is always taken in a good sense; as, a preacher is earnest in his appeals to the conscience; an agent is earnest in his solicitations. Eager Ea"ger, n. Same as Eagre. Eagerly Ea"ger*ly, adv. In an eager manner. Eagerness Ea"ger*ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being eager; ardent desire. "The eagerness of love." Addison. 2. Tartness; sourness. [Obs.] Syn. -- Ardor; vehemence; earnestness; impetuosity; heartiness; fervor; fervency; avidity; zeal; craving; heat; passion; greediness. Eagle Ea"gle (?), n. [OE. egle, F. aigle, fr. L. aquila; prob. named from its color, fr. aquilus dark-colored, brown; cf. Lith. aklas blind. Cf. Aquiline.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family, esp. of the genera Aquila and Hali\'91etus. The eagle is remarkable for strength, size, graceful figure, keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight. The most noted species are the golden eagle (Aquila chrysa\'89tus); the imperial eagle of Europe (A. mogilnik OR imperialis); the American bald eagle (Hali\'91etus leucocephalus); the European sea eagle (H. albicilla); and the great harpy eagle (Thrasaetus harpyia). The figure of the eagle, as the king of birds, is commonly used as an heraldic emblem, and also for standards and emblematic devices. See Bald eagle, Harpy, and Golden eagle. 2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars. 3. (Astron.) A northern constellation, containing Altair, a star of the first magnitude. See Aquila. 4. The figure of an eagle borne as an emblem on the standard of the ancient Romans, or so used upon the seal or standard of any people. Though the Roman eagle shadow thee. Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; So me modern nations, as the United States, and France under the Bonapartes, have adopted the eagle as their national emblem. Russia, Austria, and Prussia have for an emblem a double-headed eagle. Bald eagle. See Bald eagle. -- Bold eagle. See under Bold. -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States worth twenty dollars. -- Eagle hawk (Zo\'94l.), a large, crested, South American hawk of the genus Morphnus. -- Eagle owl (Zo\'94l.), any large owl of the genus Bubo, and allied genera; as the American great horned owl (Bubo Virginianus), and the allied European species (B. maximus). See Horned owl. -- Eagle ray (Zo\'94l.), any large species of ray of the genus Myliobatis (esp. M. aquila). -- Eagle vulture (Zo\'94l.), a large West African bid (Gypohierax Angolensis), intermediate, in several respects, between the eagles and vultures. Eagle-eyed Ea"gle-eyed` (?), a. Sharp-sighted as an eagle. "Inwardly eagle-eyed." Howell. Eagle-sighted Ea"gle-sight`ed (?), a. Farsighted and strong-sighted; sharp-sighted. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 465 Eagless Ea"gless (?), n. [Cf. OF. aiglesse.] (Zo\'94l.) A female or hen eagle. [R.] Sherwood. Eaglestone Ea"gle*stone (?), n. (Min.) A concretionary nodule of clay ironstone, of the size of a walnut or larger, so called by the ancients, who believed that the eagle transported these stones to her nest to facilitate the laying of her eggs; a\'89tites. Eaglet Ea"glet (?), n. [Cf. OF. aiglet.] (Zo\'94l.) A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle. Eagle-winged Ea"gle-winged` (?), a. Having the wings of an eagle; swift, or soaring high, like an eagle. Shak. Eaglewood Ea"gle*wood` (?), n. [From Skr. aguru, through Pg. aguila; cf. F. bois d'aigle.] A kind of fragrant wood. See Agallochum. Eagrass Ea"grass (?), n. See Eddish. [Obs.] Eagre Ea"gre (?), n. [AS. e\'a0gor, , in comp., water, sea, e\'a0gor-stre\'a0m water stream, sea.] A wave, or two or three successive waves, of great height and violence, at flood tide moving up an estuary or river; -- commonly called the bore. See Bore. Ealderman, Ealdorman Eal"der*man, Eal"dor*man (?), n. An alderman. [Obs.] Eale Eale (?), n. [See Ale.] Ale. [Obs.] Shak. Eame Eame (?), n. [AS. e\'a0m; akin to D. oom, G. ohm, oheim; cf. L. avunculus.] Uncle. [Obs.] Spenser. Ean Ean (?), v. t. & i. [AS. e\'a0nian. See Yean.] To bring forth, as young; to yean. "In eaning time." Shak. Eanling Ean"ling (?), n. [See Ean, Yeanling.] A lamb just brought forth; a yeanling. Shak. Ear Ear (?), n. [AS. e\'a0re; akin to OFries. \'a0re, \'a0r, OS. , D. oor, OHG. , G. ohr, Icel. eyra, Sw. \'94ra, Dan. \'94re, Goth. auso, L. auris, Lith. ausis, Russ. ukho, Gr. audire to hear, Gr. av to favor , protect. Cf. Auricle, Orillon.] 1. The organ of hearing; the external ear. NOTE: &hand; In ma n an d th e hi gher ve rtebrates, th e organ of hearing is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear, which includes the pinna or auricle and meatus or external opening; the middle ear, drum, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. The middle ear is a cavity connected by the Eustachian tube with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the external ear by the tympanic membrane, and containing a chain of three small bones, or ossicles, named malleus, incus, and stapes, which connect this membrane with the internal ear. The essential part of the internal ear where the fibers of the auditory nerve terminate, is the membranous labyrinth, a complicated system of sacs and tubes filled with a fluid (the endolymph), and lodged in a cavity, called the bony labyrinth, in the periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially suspended in it in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony labyrinth consists of a central cavity, the vestibule, into which three semicircular canals and the canal of the cochlea (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs, the utriculus and sacculus, connected by a narrow tube, into the former of which three membranous semicircular canals open, while the latter is connected with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing the organ of Corti. By the help of the external ear the sonorous vibrations of the air are concentrated upon the tympanic membrane and set it vibrating, the chain of bones in the middle ear transmits these vibrations to the internal ear, where they cause certain delicate structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of the membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibers of the auditory nerve to transmit sonorous impulses to the brain. 2. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; -- in the singular only. Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine ear. Tennyson. 3. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See Illust. of Bell. 4. (Arch.) (a) Same as Acroterium (a). (b) Same as Crossette. 5. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention. Dionysius . . . would give no ear to his suit. Bacon. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Shak. About the ears, in close proximity to; near at hand. -- By the ears, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to fall together by the ears; to be by the ears. -- Button ear (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and completely hides the inside. -- Ear finger, the little finger. -- Ear of Dionysius, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; -- named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons. -- Ear sand (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear snail (Zo\'94l.), any snail of the genus Auricula and allied genera. -- Ear stones (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear trumpet, an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists of a tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a slender extremity which enters the ear, thus collecting and intensifying sounds so as to assist the hearing of a partially deaf person. -- Ear vesicle (Zo\'94l.), a simple auditory organ, occurring in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or otocysts. -- Rose ear (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows part of the inside. -- To give ear to, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising. "Give ear unto my song." Goldsmith. -- To have one's ear, to be listened to with favor. -- Up to the ears, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be in trouble up to one's ears. [Colloq.] Ear Ear (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earing.] To take in with the ears; to hear. [Sportive] "I eared her language." Two Noble Kinsmen. Ear Ear, n. [AS. ear; akin to D. aar, OHG. ahir, G. \'84hre, Icel., Sw., & Dan. ax, Goth. ahs. . Cf. Awn, Edge.] The spike or head of any cereal (as, wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, etc.), containing the kernels. First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear. Mark iv. 28. Ear Ear, v. i. To put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain; as, this corn ears well. Ear Ear, v. t. [OE. erien, AS. erian; akin to OFries. era, OHG. erran, MHG. eren, ern, Prov. G. aren, \'84ren, Icel. erja, Goth. arjan, Lith. arti, OSlav. orati, L. arare, Gr. Arable.] To plow or till; to cultivate. "To ear the land." Shak. Earable Ear"a*ble (?), a. Arable; tillable. [Archaic] Earache Ear"ache` (?), n. Ache or pain in the ear. Earal Ear"al (?), a. Receiving by the ear. [Obs.] Hewyt. Ear-bored Ear"-bored` (?), a. Having the ear perforated. Earcap Ear"cap` (?), n. A cap or cover to protect the ear from cold. Earcockle Ear"coc`kle (?), n. (Bot.) A disease in wheat, in which the blackened and contracted grain, or ear, is filled with minute worms. Eardrop Ear"drop` (?), n. 1. A pendant for the ear; an earring; as, a pair of eardrops. 2. (Bot.) A species of primrose. See Auricula. Eardrum Ear"drum` (?), n. (Anat.) The tympanum. See Illust. of Ear. Eared Eared (?), a. 1. Having (such or so many) ears; -- used in composition; as, long-eared-eared; sharp-eared; full-eared; ten-eared. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having external ears; having tufts of feathers resembling ears. Eared owl (Zo\'94l.), an owl having earlike tufts of feathers, as the long-eared owl, and short-eared owl. -- Eared seal (Zo\'94l.), any seal of the family Otariid\'91, including the fur seals and hair seals. See Seal. Eariness Ear"i*ness (?), n. [Scotch ery or eiry affected with fear.] Fear or timidity, especially of something supernatural. [Written also eiryness.] The sense of eariness, as twilight came on. De Quincey. Earing Ear"ing, n. (Naut.) (a) A line used to fasten the upper corners of a sail to the yard or gaff; -- also called head earing. (b) A line for hauling the reef cringle to the yard; -- also called reef earing. (c) A line fastening the corners of an awning to the rigging or stanchions. Earing Ear"ing, n. Coming into ear, as corn. Earing Ear"ing, n. A plowing of land. [Archaic] Neither earing nor harvest. Gen. xlv. 6. Earl Earl (?), n. [OE. eorl, erl, AS. eorl man, noble; akin to OS. erl boy, man, Icel. jarl nobleman, count, and possibly to Gr. arshan man. Cf. Jarl.] A nobleman of England ranking below a marquis, and above a viscount. The rank of an earl corresponds to that of a count (comte) in France, and graf in Germany. Hence the wife of an earl is still called countess. See Count. Earl Earl, n. (Zo\'94l.) The needlefish. [Ireland] Earlap Ear"lap` (?), n. The lobe of the ear. Earldom Earl"dom (?), n. [AS. eorl-d; eorl man, noble + -d -dom.] 1. The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions of an earl. 2. The status, title, or dignity of an earl. He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an earldom. Chesterfield. Earldorman Earl"dor*man (?), n. Alderman. [Obs.] Earlduck Earl"duck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The red-breasted merganser (Merganser serrator). Earles penny Earles" pen`ny (?). [Cf. Arles, 4th Earnest.] Earnest money. Same as Arles penny. [Obs.] Earless Ear"less (?), a. Without ears; hence, deaf or unwilling to hear. Pope. Earlet Ear"let (?), n. [Ear + -let.] An earring. [Obs.] The Ismaelites were accustomed to wear golden earlets. Judg. viii. 24 (Douay version). Earliness Ear"li*ness (?), n. The state of being early or forward; promptness. Earl marshal Earl" mar"shal (?). An officer of state in England who marshals and orders all great ceremonials, takes cognizance of matters relating to honor, arms, and pedigree, and directs the proclamation of peace and war. The court of chivalry was formerly under his jurisdiction, and he is still the head of the herald's office or college of arms. Earlock Ear"lock` (?), n. [AS. e\'a0r-locca.] A lock or curl of hair near the ear; a lovelock. See Lovelock. Early Ear"ly (?), adv. [OE. erli, erliche, AS. ; sooner + l\'c6c like. See Ere, and Like.] Soon; in good season; seasonably; betimes; as, come early. Those that me early shall find me. Prov. viii. 17. You must wake and call me early. Tennyson. Early Ear"ly, a. [Compar. Earlier (?); superl. Earliest.] [OE. earlich. Early, adv.] 1. In advance of the usual or appointed time; in good season; prior in time; among or near the first; -- opposed to late; as, the early bird; an early spring; early fruit. Early and provident fear is the mother of safety. Burke. The doorsteps and threshold with the early grass springing up about them. Hawthorne. 2. Coming in the first part of a period of time, or among the first of successive acts, events, etc. Seen in life's early morning sky. Keble. The forms of its earlier manhood. Longfellow. The earliest poem he composed was in his seventeenth summer. J. C. Shairp. Early English (Philol.) See the Note under English. -- Early English architecture, the first of the pointed or Gothic styles used in England, succeeding the Norman style in the 12th and 13th centuries. Syn. -- Forward; timely; not late; seasonable. Earmark Ear"mark` (?), n. 1. A mark on the ear of sheep, oxen, dogs, etc., as by cropping or slitting. 2. A mark for identification; a distinguishing mark. Money is said to have no earmark. Wharton. Flying, he [a slave] should be described by the rounding of his head, and his earmark. Robynson (More's Utopia). A set of intellectual ideas . . . have earmarks upon them, no tokens of a particular proprietor. Burrow. Earmark Ear"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earmarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earmarking.] To mark, as sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear. Earn Earn (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ern, n. Sir W. Scott. Earn Earn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earning.] [AS. earnian; akin to OHG. arn to reap, aran harvest, G. ernte, Goth. asans harvest, asneis hireling, AS. esne; cf. Icel. \'94nn working season, work.] 1. To merit or deserve, as by labor or service; to do that which entitles one to (a reward, whether the reward is received or not). The high repute Which he through hazard huge must earn. Milton. 2. To acquire by labor, service, or performance; to deserve and receive as compensation or wages; as, to earn a good living; to earn honors or laurels. I earn that [what] I eat. Shak. The bread I have earned by the hazard of my life or the sweat of my brow. Burke. Earned run (Baseball), a run which is made without the assistance of errors on the opposing side. Syn. -- See Obtain. Earn Earn (?), v. t. & i. [See 1st Yearn.] To grieve. [Obs.] Earn Earn, v. i. [See 4th Yearn.] To long; to yearn. [Obs.] And ever as he rode, his heart did earn To prove his puissance in battle brave. Spenser. Earn Earn, v. i. [AS. irnan to run. Rennet, and cf. Yearnings.] To curdle, as milk. [Prov. Eng.] Earnest Ear"nest (?), n. [AS. eornost, eornest; akin to OHG. ernust, G. ernst; cf. Icel. orrosta battle, perh. akin to Gr. oriri to rise.] Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness. Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest. Sir P. Sidney. And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak. In earnest, serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly. Earnest Ear"nest, a. 1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do; zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty; -- used in a good sense; as, earnest prayers. An earnest advocate to plead for him. Shak. 2. Intent; fixed closely; as, earnest attention. 3. Serious; important. [Obs.] They whom earnest lets do often hinder. Hooker. Syn. -- Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate; fervent; sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See Eager. Earnest Ear"nest, v. t. To use in earnest. [R.] To earnest them [our arms] with men. Pastor Fido (1602). Earnest Ear"nest, n. [Prob. corrupted fr. F. arrhes, L. arra, arrha, arrhabo, Gr. ; or perh. fr. W. ernes, akin to Gael. earlas, perh. fr. L. arra. Cf. Arles, Earles penny.] 1. Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge; pledge; handsel; a token of what is to come. Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts. 2 Cor. i. 22. And from his coffers Received the golden earnest of our death. Shak. 2. (Law) Something of value given by the buyer to the seller, by way of token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove the sale. Kent. Ayliffe. Benjamin. Earnest money (Law), money paid as earnest, to bind a bargain or to ratify and prove a sale. Syn. -- Earnest, Pledge. These words are here compared as used in their figurative sense. Earnest is not so strong as pledge. An earnest, like first fruits, gives assurance, or at least a high probability, that more is coming of the same kind; a pledge, like money deposited, affords security and ground of reliance for the future. Washington gave earnest of his talent as commander by saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and that of his soldiers during the winter at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a pledge of their ultimate triumph. Earnestful Ear"nest*ful (?), a. Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer. Earnestly Ear"nest*ly, adv. In an earnest manner. Earnestness Ear"nest*ness, n. The state or quality of being earnest; intentness; anxiety. An honest earnestness in the young man's manner. W. Irving. Earnful Earn"ful (?), a. [From Earn to yearn.] Full of anxiety or yearning. [Obs.] P. Fletcher. Earning Earn"ing, n.; pl. Earnings (. That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural. As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their earnings. Burke. Earpick Ear"pick` (?), n. An instrument for removing wax from the ear. Ear-piercer Ear"-pier`cer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The earwig. Earreach Ear"reach` (?), n. Earshot. Marston. Earring Ear"ring` (?), n. An ornament consisting of a ring passed through the lobe of the ear, with or without a pendant. Earsh Earsh (?), n. See Arrish. Ear-shell Ear"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A flattened marine univalve shell of the genus Haliotis; -- called also sea-ear. See Abalone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 466 Earshot Ear"shot` (?), n. Reach of the ear; distance at which words may be heard. Dryden. Earshrift Ear"shrift` (?), n. A nickname for auricular confession; shrift. [Obs.] Cartwright. Earsore Ear"sore` (?), n. An annoyance to the ear. [R.] The perpetual jangling of the chimes . . . is no small earsore Sir T. Browne. Ear-splitting Ear"-split`ting (?), a. Deafening; disagreeably loud or shrill; as, ear-splitting strains. Earst Earst (?), adv. See Erst. [Obs.] Spenser. Earth Earth (?), n. [AS. eor; akin to OS. ertha, OFries. irthe, D. aarde, OHG. erda, G. erde, Icel. j\'94r, Sw. & Dan. jord, Goth. a\'c6rpa, OHG. ero, Gr. ear to plow.] 1. The globe or planet which we inhabit; the world, in distinction from the sun, moon, or stars. Also, this world as the dwelling place of mortals, in distinction from the dwelling place of spirits. That law preserves the earth a sphere And guides the planets in their course. S. Rogers. In heaven, or earth, or under earth, in hell. Milton. 2. The solid materials which make up the globe, in distinction from the air or water; the dry land. God called the dry land earth. Gen. i. 10. He is pure air and fire, and the dull elements of earth and water never appear in him. Shak. 3. The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, and the like; sometimes, soil favorable to the growth of plants; the visible surface of the globe; the ground; as, loose earth; rich earth. Give him a little earth for charity. Shak. 4. A part of this globe; a region; a country; land. Would I had never trod this English earth. Shak. 5. Worldly things, as opposed to spiritual things; the pursuits, interests, and allurements of this life. Our weary souls by earth beguiled. Keble. 6. The people on the globe. The whole earth was of one language. Gen. xi. 1. 7. (Chem.) (a) Any earthy-looking metallic oxide, as alumina, glucina, zirconia, yttria, and thoria. (b) A similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, as lime, magnesia, strontia, baryta. 8. A hole in the ground, where an animal hides himself; as, the earth of a fox. Macaulay. They [ferrets] course the poor conies out of their earths. Holland. NOTE: &hand; Ea rth is used either adjectively or in combination to form compound words; as, earth apple or earth-apple; earth metal or earth-metal; earth closet or earth-closet. Adamic earth, Bitter earth, Bog earth, Chian earth, etc. See under Adamic, Bitter, etc. -- Alkaline earths. See under Alkaline. -- Earth apple. (Bot.) (a) A potato. (b) A cucumber. -- Earth auger, a form of auger for boring into the ground; -- called also earth borer. -- Earth bath, a bath taken by immersing the naked body in earth for healing purposes. -- Earth battery (Physics), a voltaic battery the elements of which are buried in the earth to be acted on by its moisture. -- Earth chestnut, the pignut. -- Earth closet, a privy or commode provided with dry earth or a similar substance for covering and deodorizing the f\'91cal discharges. -- Earth dog (Zo\'94l.), a dog that will dig in the earth, or enter holes of foxes, etc. -- Earth hog, Earth pig (Zo\'94l.), the aard-vark. -- Earth hunger, an intense desire to own land, or, in the case of nations, to extend their domain. -- Earth light (Astron.), the light reflected by the earth, as upon the moon, and corresponding to moonlight; -- called also earth shine. Sir J. Herschel. -- Earth metal. See 1st Earth, 7. (Chem.) -- Earth oil, petroleum. -- Earth pillars OR pyramids (Geol.), high pillars or pyramids of earth, sometimes capped with a single stone, found in Switzerland. Lyell. -- Earth pitch (Min.), mineral tar, a kind of asphaltum. -- Earth quadrant, a fourth of the earth's circumference. -- Earth table (Arch.), the lowest course of stones visible in a building; the ground table. -- On earth, an intensive expression, oftenest used in questions and exclamations; as, What on earth shall I do? Nothing on earth will satisfy him. [Colloq.] Earth Earth (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earthed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earthing.] 1. To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den. "The fox is earthed." Dryden. 2. To cover with earth or mold; to inter; to bury; -- sometimes with up. The miser earths his treasure, and the thief, Watching the mole, half beggars him ere noon. Young. Why this in earthing up a carcass? R. Blair. Earth Earth, v. i. To burrow. Tickell. Earth Earth, n. [From Ear to plow.] A plowing. [Obs.] Such land as ye break up for barley to sow, Two earths at the least, ere ye sow it, bestow. Tusser. Earthbag Earth"bag` (?), n. (Mil.) A bag filled with earth, used commonly to raise or repair a parapet. Earthbank Earth"bank` (?), n. A bank or mound of earth. Earthboard Earth"board` (?), n. (Agric.) The part of a plow, or other implement, that turns over the earth; the moldboard. Earthborn Earth"born` (?), a. 1. Born of the earth; terrigenous; springing originally from the earth; human. Some earthborn giant. Milton. 2. Relating to, or occasioned by, earthly objects. All earthborn cares are wrong. Goldsmith. Earthbred Earth"bred` (?), a. Low; grovelling; vulgar. Earthdin Earth"din` (?), n. An earthquake. [Obs.] Earthdrake Earth"drake` (?), n. A mythical monster of the early Anglo-Saxon literature; a dragon. W. Spalding. Earthen Earth"en (?), a. Made of earth; made of burnt or baked clay, or other like substances; as, an earthen vessel or pipe. Earthen-hearted Earth"en-heart`ed (?), a. Hard-hearted; sordid; gross. [Poetic] Lowell. Earthenware Earth"en*ware` (?), n. Vessels and other utensils, ornaments, or the like, made of baked clay. See Crockery, Pottery, Stoneware, and Porcelain. Earth flax Earth" flax` (?). (Min.) A variety of asbestus. See Amianthus. Earthfork Earth"fork` (?), n. A pronged fork for turning up the earth. Earthiness Earth"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being earthy, or of containing earth; hence, grossness. Earthliness Earth"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being earthly; worldliness; grossness; perishableness. Earthling Earth"ling (?), n. [Earth + -ling.] An inhabitant of the earth; a mortal. Earthings oft her deemed a deity. Drummond. Earthly Earth"ly, a. 1. Pertaining to the earth; belonging to this world, or to man's existence on the earth; not heavenly or spiritual; carnal; worldly; as, earthly joys; earthly flowers; earthly praise. This earthly load Of death, called life. Milton. Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things. Phil. iii. 19. 2. Of all things on earth; possible; conceivable. What earthly benefit can be the result? Pope. 3. Made of earth; earthy. [Obs.] Holland. Syn. -- Gross; material; sordid; mean; base; vile; low; unsubstantial; temporary; corrupt; groveling. Earthly Earth"ly, adv. In the manner of the earth or its people; worldly. Took counsel from his guiding eyes To make this wisdom earthly wise. Emerson. Earthly-minded Earth"ly-mind`ed (?), a. Having a mind devoted to earthly things; worldly-minded; -- opposed to spiritual-minded. -- Earth"ly-mind`ed*ness, n. Earthmad Earth"mad` (?), n. [Earth + mad an earthworm.] (Zo\'94l.) The earthworm. [Obs.] The earthmads and all the sorts of worms . . . are without eyes. Holland. Earthnut Earth"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to various roots, tubers, or pods grown under or on the ground; as to: (a) The esculent tubers of the umbelliferous plants Bunium flexuosum and Carum Bulbocastanum. (b) The peanut. See Peanut. Earthpea Earth"pea` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of pea (Amphicarp\'91a monoica). It is a climbing leguminous plant, with hairy underground pods. Earthquake Earth"quake` (?), n. A shaking, trembling, or concussion of the earth, due to subterranean causes, often accompanied by a rumbling noise. The wave of shock sometimes traverses half a hemisphere, destroying cities and many thousand lives; -- called also earthdin, earthquave, and earthshock.<-- also temblor, tremor --> Earthquake alarm, a bell signal constructed to operate on the theory that a few seconds before the occurrence of an earthquake the magnet temporarily loses its power. Earthquake Earth"quake`, a. Like, or characteristic of, an earthquake; loud; starling. The earthquake voice of victory. Byron. Earthquave Earth"quave` (?), n. An earthquake. Earth shine Earth" shine` (?). See Earth light, under Earth. Earthshock Earth"shock` (?), n. An earthquake. Earthstar Earth"star` (?), n. (Bot.) A curious fungus of the genus Geaster, in which the outer coating splits into the shape of a star, and the inner one forms a ball containing the dustlike spores. Earth-tongue Earth"-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) A fungus of the genus Geoglossum. Earthward, Earthwards Earth"ward (?), Earth"wards (, adv. Toward the earth; -- opposed to heavenward or skyward. Earthwork Earth"work` (?), n. 1. (Mil.) Any construction, whether a temporary breastwork or permanent fortification, for attack or defense, the material of which is chiefly earth. 2. (Engin.) (a) The operation connected with excavations and embankments of earth in preparing foundations of buildings, in constructing canals, railroads, etc. (b) An embankment or construction made of earth. Earthworm Earth"worm` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any worm of the genus Lumbricus and allied genera, found in damp soil. One of the largest and most abundant species in Europe and America is L. terrestris; many others are known; -- called also angleworm and dewworm. 2. A mean, sordid person; a niggard. Norris. Earthy Earth"y (?), a. 1. Consisting of, or resembling, earth; terrene; earthlike; as, earthy matter. How pale she looks, And of an earthy cold! Shak. All over earthy, like a piece of earth. Tennyson. 2. Of or pertaining to the earth or to, this world; earthly; terrestrial; carnal. [R.] "Their earthy charge." Milton. The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is from heaven. As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy. 1 Cor. xv. 47, 48 (Rev. Ver. ) Earthy spirits black and envious are. Dryden. 3. Gross; low; unrefined. "Her earthy and abhorred commands." Shak. 4. (Min.) Without luster, or dull and roughish to the touch; as, an earthy fracture. Earwax Ear"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) See Cerumen. Earwig Ear"wig` (?), n. [AS. e\'a0rwicga; e\'a0re ear + wicga beetle, worm: cf. Prov. E. erri-wiggle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any insect of the genus Forticula and related genera, belonging to the order Euplexoptera. 2. (Zo\'94l.) In America, any small chilopodous myriapod, esp. of the genus Geophilus. NOTE: &hand; Bo th in sects are so called from the supposition that they creep into the human ear. 3. A whisperer of insinuations; a secret counselor. Johnson. Earwig Ear"wig` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earwigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earwigging (?).] To influence, or attempt to influence, by whispered insinuations or private talk. "No longer was he earwigged by the Lord Cravens." Lord Campbell. Earwitness Ear"wit`ness (?), n. A witness by means of his ears; one who is within hearing and does hear; a hearer. Fuller. Ease Ease (?), n. [OE. ese, eise, F. aise; akin to Pr. ais, aise, OIt. asio, It. agio; of uncertain origin; cf. L. ansa handle, occasion, opportunity. Cf. Agio, Disease.] 1. Satisfaction; pleasure; hence, accommodation; entertainment. [Obs.] They him besought Of harbor and or ease as for hire penny. Chaucer. 2. Freedom from anything that pains or troubles; as: (a) Relief from labor or effort; rest; quiet; relaxation; as, ease of body. Usefulness comes by labor, wit by ease. Herbert. Give yourself ease from the fatigue of watching. Swift. (b) Freedom from care, solicitude, or anything that annoys or disquiets; tranquillity; peace; comfort; security; as, ease of mind. Among these nations shalt thou find no ease. Deut. xxviii. 65. Take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry. Luke xii. 19. (c) Freedom from constraint, formality, difficulty, embarrassment, etc.; facility; liberty; naturalness; -- said of manner, style, etc.; as, ease of style, of behavior, of address. True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope. Whate'er he did was done with so much ease, In him alone 't was natural to please. Dryden. At ease, free from pain, trouble, or anxiety. "His soul shall dwell at ease." Ps. xxv. 12. -- Chapel of ease. See under Chapel. -- Ill at ease, not at ease, disquieted; suffering; anxious. -- To stand at ease (Mil.), to stand in a comfortable attitude in one's place in the ranks. -- With ease, easily; without much effort. Syn. -- Rest; quiet; repose; comfortableness; tranquility; facility; easiness; readiness. Ease Ease (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Eased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Easing.] [OE. esen, eisen, OF. aisier. See Ease, n.] 1. To free from anything that pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to relieve from toil or care; to give rest, repose, or tranquility to; -- often with of; as, to ease of pain; ease the body or mind. Eased [from] the putting off These troublesome disguises which we wear. Milton. Sing, and I 'll ease thy shoulders of thy load. Dryden. 2. To render less painful or oppressive; to mitigate; to alleviate. My couch shall ease my complaint. Job vii. 13. 3. To release from pressure or restraint; to move gently; to lift slightly; to shift a little; as, to ease a bar or nut in machinery. 4. To entertain; to furnish with accommodations. [Obs.] Chaucer. To ease off, To ease away (Naut.), to slacken a rope gradually. -- To ease a ship (Naut.), to put the helm hard, or regulate the sail, to prevent pitching when closehauled. -- To ease the helm (Naut.), to put the helm more nearly amidships, to lessen the effect on the ship, or the strain on the wheel rope. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Syn. -- To relieve; disburden; quiet; calm; tranquilize; assuage; alleviate; allay; mitigate; appease; pacify. Easeful Ease"ful (?), a. Full of ease; suitable for affording ease or rest; quiet; comfortable; restful. Shak. -- Ease"ful*ly, adv. -- Ease"ful*ness, n. Easel Ea"sel (?), n. [D. ezel ass, donkey, hence, easel, or G. esel; akin to E. ass. See Ass.] A frame (commonly) of wood serving to hold a canvas upright, or nearly upright, for the painter's convenience or for exhibition. Easel picture, Easel piece, a painting of moderate size such as is made while resting on an easel, as distinguished from a painting on a wall or ceiling. Easeless Ease"less (?), a. Without ease. Donne. Easement Ease"ment (?), n. [OF. aisement. See Ease, n.] 1. That which gives ease, relief, or assistance; convenience; accommodation. In need of every kind of relief and easement. Burke. 2. (Law) A liberty, privilege, or advantage, which one proprietor has in the estate of another proprietor, distinct from the ownership of the soil, as a way, water course, etc. It is a species of what the civil law calls servitude. Kent. 3. (Arch.) A curved member instead of an abrupt change of direction, as in a baseboard, hand rail, etc. Easily Eas"i*ly (?), adv. [From Easy.] 1. With ease; without difficulty or much effort; as, this task may be easily performed; that event might have been easily foreseen. 2. Without pain, anxiety, or disturbance; as, to pass life well and easily. Sir W. Temple. 3. Readily; without reluctance; willingly. Not soon provoked, she easily forgives. Prior. _________________________________________________________________ Page 467 4. Smoothly; quietly; gently; gracefully; without 5. Without shaking or jolting; commodiously; as, a carriage moves easily. Easiness Eas"i*ness (?), n. 1. The state or condition of being easy; freedom from distress; rest. 2. Freedom from difficulty; ease; as the easiness of a task. 3. Freedom from emotion; compliance; disposition to yield without opposition; unconcernedness. Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your easiness. South. 4. Freedom from effort, constraint, or formality; -- said of style, manner, etc. With painful care, but seeming easiness. Roscommon. 5. Freedom from jolting, jerking, or straining. East East (?), n. [OE. est, east, AS. e\'a0st; akin to D. oost, oosten, OHG. , G. ost, osten, Icel. austr, Sw. ost, Dan. \'94st, \'94sten, Lith. auszra dawn, L. aurora (for ausosa), Gr. ushas; cf. Skr. ush to burn, L. urere. Aurora, Easter, Sterling.] 1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and which is toward the right hand of one who faces the north; the point directly opposite to the west. The east began kindle. E. Everett. 2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, etc.; as, the riches of the East; the diamonds and pearls of the East; the kings of the East. The gorgeous East, with richest hand, Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. Milton. 3. (U. S. Hist. and Geog.) Formerly, the part of the United States east of the Alleghany Mountains, esp. the Eastern, or New England, States; now, commonly, the whole region east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is north of Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite article; as, the commerce of the East is not independent of the agriculture of the West. East by north, East by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 -- East-northeast, East-southeast, that which lie 22Illust. of Compass. East East (?), a. Toward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun rises when in the equinoctial; as, the east gate; the east border; the east side; the east wind is a wind that blows from the east. East East, adv. Eastward. East East, v. i. To move toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east; to orientate. Easter Eas"ter (?), n. [AS. e\'a0ster, e\'a0stran, paschal feast, Easter; akin to G. ostern; fr. AS. E\'a0stre, a goddess of light or spring, in honor of whom a festival was celebrated in April; whence this month was called in AS. E\'a0sterm. From the root of E. east. See East.] 1. An annual church festival commemorating Christ's resurrection, and occurring on Sunday, the second day after Good Friday. It corresponds to the pasha or passover of the Jews, and most nations still give it this name under the various forms of pascha, pasque, p\'83que, or pask. 2. The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day. NOTE: &hand; Ea ster is us ed ei ther ad jectively or as the first element of a compound; as, Easter day or Easter-day, Easter Sunday, Easter week, Easter gifts. Sundays by thee more glorious break, An Easter day in every week. Keble. NOTE: &hand; Ea ster da y, on which the rest of the movable feasts depend, is always the first Sunday after the fourteenth day of the calendar moon which (fourteenth day) falls on, or next after, the 21st of March, according to the rules laid down for the construction of the calendar; so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday, Easter day is the Sunday after. Eng. Cyc. Easter dues (Ch. of Eng.), money due to the clergy at Easter, formerly paid in communication of the tithe for personal labor and subject to exaction. For Easter dues, Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted. -- Easter egg. (a) A painted or colored egg used as a present at Easter. (b) An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine material, sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry or the like, used as an Easter present. Easter East"er (?), v. i. (Naut.) To veer to the east; -- said of the wind. Russell. Easterling East"er*ling (?), n. [Cf. Sterling.] 1. A native of a country eastward of another; -- used, by the English, of traders or others from the coasts of the Baltic. Merchants of Norway, Denmark, . . . called . . . Easterlings because they lie east in respect of us. Holinshed. 2. A piece of money coined in the east by Richard II. of England. Crabb. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The smew. Easterling East"er*ling, a. Relating to the money of the Easterlings, or Baltic traders. See Sterling. Easterly East"er*ly, a. 1. Coming from the east; as, it was easterly wind. 2. Situated, directed, or moving toward the east; as, the easterly side of a lake; an easterly course or voyage. Easterly East"er*ly, adv. Toward, or in the direction of, the east. Eastern East"ern (?), a. [AS. e\'a0stern.] 1. Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; as, an eastern gate; Eastern countries. Eastern churches first did Christ embrace. Stirling. 2. Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; as, an eastern voyage. Eastern Church. See Greek Church, under Greek. Easternmost East"ern*most` (?), a. Most eastern. East Indian East" In"di*an (?; see Indian). Belonging to, or relating to, the East Indies. -- n. A native of, or a dweller in, the East Indies. Easting East"ing, n. (Naut. & Surv.) The distance measured toward the east between two meridians drawn through the extremities of a course; distance of departure eastward made by a vessel. East-insular East`-in"su*lar (?), a. Relating to the Eastern Islands; East Indian. [R.] Ogilvie. Eastward, Eastwards East"ward (?), East"wards (?), adv. Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place; as, New Haven lies eastward from New York. Easy Eas"y (?), a. [Compar. Easier (?); superl. Easiest.] [OF. aisi\'82, F. ais\'82, prop. p. p. of OF. aisier. See Ease, v. t.] 1. At ease; free from pain, trouble, or constraint; as: (a) Free from pain, distress, toil, exertion, and the like; quiet; as, the patient is easy. (b) Free from care, responsibility, discontent, and the like; not anxious; tranquil; as, an easy mind. (c) Free from constraint, harshness, or formality; unconstrained; smooth; as, easy manners; an easy style. "The easy vigor of a line." Pope. 2. Not causing, or attended with, pain or disquiet, or much exertion; affording ease or rest; as, an easy carriage; a ship having an easy motion; easy movements, as in dancing. "Easy ways to die." Shak. 3. Not difficult; requiring little labor or effort; slight; inconsiderable; as, an easy task; an easy victory. It were an easy leap. Shak. 4. Causing ease; giving freedom from care or labor; furnishing comfort; commodious; as, easy circumstances; an easy chair or cushion. 5. Not making resistance or showing unwillingness; tractable; yielding; complying; ready. He gained their easy hearts. Dryden. He is too tyrannical to be an easy monarch. Sir W. Scott. 6. Moderate; sparing; frugal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 7. (Com.) Not straitened as to money matters; as, the market is easy; -- opposed to tight. Honors are easy (Card Playing), said when each side has an equal number of honors, in which case they are not counted as points. Syn. -- Quiet; comfortable; manageable; tranquil; calm; facile; unconcerned. Easy-chair Eas"y-chair` (?), n. An armichair for ease or repose. "Laugh . . . in Rabelais' easy-chair." Pope. Easy-going Eas"y-go`ing (?), a. Moving easily; hence, mild-tempered; ease-loving; inactive. Eat Eat (?), v. t. [imp. Ate (?; 277), Obsolescent & Colloq. Eat (; p. p. Eaten (?), Obs. or Colloq. Eat (p. pr. & vb. n. Eating.] [OE. eten, AS. etan; akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan, G. essen, Icel. eta, Sw. \'84ta, Dan. \'91de, Goth. itan, Ir. & Gael. ith, W. ysu, L. edere, Gr. ad. Etch, Fret to rub, Edible.] 1. To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially of food not liquid; as, to eat bread. "To eat grass as oxen." Dan. iv. 25. They . . . ate the sacrifices of the dead. Ps. cvi. 28. The lean . . . did eat up the first seven fat kine. Gen. xli. 20. The lion had not eaten the carcass. 1 Kings xiii. 28. With stories told of many a feat, How fairy Mab junkets eat. Milton. The island princes overbold Have eat our substance. Tennyson. His wretched estate is eaten up with mortgages. Thackeray. 2. To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a cancer; to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to cause to disappear. To eat humble pie. See under Humble. -- To eat of (partitive use). "Eat of the bread that can not waste." Keble. -- To eat one's words, to retract what one has said. (See the Citation under Blurt.) -- To eat out, to consume completely. "Eat out the heart and comfort of it." Tillotson. -- To eat the wind out of a vessel (Naut.), to gain slowly to windward of her. Syn. -- To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode. Eat Eat, v. i. 1. To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in distinction from liquid, food; to board. He did eat continually at the king's table. 2 Sam. ix. 13. 2. To taste or relish; as, it eats like tender beef. 3. To make one's way slowly. To eat, To eat in OR into, to make way by corrosion; to gnaw; to consume. "A sword laid by, which eats into itself." Byron. -- To eat to windward (Naut.), to keep the course when closehauled with but little steering; -- said of a vessel. Eatable Eat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food; esculent; edible. -- n. Something fit to be eaten. Eatage Eat"age (?; 48), n. Eatable growth of grass for horses and cattle, esp. that of aftermath. Eater Eat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, eats. Eath Eath (?), a. & adv. [AS. e\'a0.] Easy or easily. [Obs.] "Eath to move with plaints." Fairfax. Eating Eat"ing (?), n. 1. The act of tasking food; the act of consuming or corroding. 2. Something fit to be eaten; food; as, a peach is good eating. [Colloq.] Eating house, a house where cooked provisions are sold, to be eaten on the premises. Eau de Cologne Eau` de Co*logne" (?). [F. eau water (L. aqua) + de of + Cologne.] Same as Cologne. Eau de vie Eau` de vie" (?). [F., water of life; eau (L. aqua) water + de of + vie (L. vita) life.] French name for brandy. Cf. Aqua vit\'91, under Aqua. Bescherelle. Eavedrop Eave"drop` (?), n. A drop from the eaves; eavesdrop. [R.] Tennyson. Eaves Eaves (?), n. pl. [OE. evese, pl. eveses, AS. efese eaves, brim, brink; akin to OHG. obisa, opasa, porch, hall, MHG. obse eaves, Icel. ups, Goth. ubizwa porch; cf. Icel. upsar-dropi, OSw. ops\'84-drup water dropping from the eaves. Probably from the root of E. over. The s of eaves is in English regarded as a plural ending, though not so in Saxon. See Over, and cf. Eavesdrop.] 1. (Arch.) The edges or lower borders of the roof of a building, which overhang the walls, and cast off the water that falls on the roof. 2. Brow; ridge. [Obs.] "Eaves of the hill." Wyclif. 3. Eyelids or eyelashes. And closing eaves of wearied eyes. Tennyson. Eaves board (Arch.), an arris fillet, or a thick board with a feather edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves of a building, to raise the lower course of slates a little, or to receive the lowest course of tiles; -- called also eaves catch and eaves lath. -- Eaves channel, Eaves gutter, Eaves trough. Same as Gutter, 1. -- Eaves molding (Arch.), a molding immediately below the eaves, acting as a cornice or part of a cornice. -- Eaves swallow (Zo\'94l.). (a) The cliff swallow; -- so called from its habit of building retort-shaped nests of mud under the eaves of buildings. See Cliff swallow, under Cliff. (b) The European swallow. Eavesdrop Eaves"drop` (?), v. i. [Eaves + drop.] To stand under the eaves, near a window or at the door, of a house, to listen and learn what is said within doors; hence, to listen secretly to what is said in private. To eavesdrop in disguises. Milton. Eavesdrop Eaves"drop`, n. The water which falls in drops from the eaves of a house. Eavesdropper Eaves"drop`per (?), n. One who stands under the eaves, or near the window or door of a house, to listen; hence, a secret listener. Eavesdropping Eaves"drop`ping (?), n. (Law) The habit of lurking about dwelling houses, and other places where persons meet fro private intercourse, secretly listening to what is said, and then tattling it abroad. The offense is indictable at common law. Wharton. Ebb Ebb (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European bunting. Ebb Ebb, n. [AS. ebba; akin to Fries. ebba, D. eb, ebbe, Dan. & G. ebbe, Sw. ebb, cf. Goth. ibuks backward; prob. akin to E. even.] 1. The reflux or flowing back of the tide; the return of the tidal wave toward the sea; -- opposed to flood; as, the boats will go out on the ebb. Thou shoreless flood which in thy ebb and flow Claspest the limits of morality! Shelley. 2. The state or time of passing away; a falling from a better to a worse state; low state or condition; decline; decay. "Our ebb of life." Roscommon. Painting was then at its lowest ebb. Dryden. Ebb and flow, the alternate ebb and flood of the tide; often used figuratively. This alternation between unhealthy activity and depression, this ebb and flow of the industrial. A. T. Hadley. Ebb Ebb (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ebbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ebbing.] [AS. ebbian; akin to D. & G. ebben, Dan. ebbe. See 2d Ebb.] 1. To flow back; to return, as the water of a tide toward the ocean; -- opposed to flow. That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. Pope. 2. To return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to decline; to decay; to recede. The hours of life ebb fast. Blackmore. Syn. -- To recede; retire; withdraw; decay; decrease; wane; sink; lower. Ebb Ebb, v. t. To cause to flow back. [Obs.] Ford. Ebb Ebb, a. Receding; going out; falling; shallow; low. The water there is otherwise very low and ebb. Holland. Ebb tide Ebb" tide` (?). The reflux of tide water; the retiring tide; -- opposed to flood tide. Ebionite E"bi*o*nite (?), n. [Heb. ebyon\'c6m poor people.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of heretics, in the first centuries of the church, whose doctrine was a mixture of Judaism and Christianity. They denied the divinity of Christ, regarding him as an inspired messenger, and rejected much of the New Testament. Ebionitism E"bi*o*ni`tism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The system or doctrine of the Ebionites. Eblanin Eb"la*nin (?), n. (Chem.) See Pyroxanthin. Eblis Eb"lis (?), n. [Ar. iblis.] (Moham. Myth.) The prince of the evil spirits; Satan. [Written also Eblees.] Ebon Eb"on (?), a. 1. Consisting of ebony. 2. Like ebony, especially in color; black; dark. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne. Young. Ebon Eb"on, n. Ebony. [Poetic] "Framed of ebon and ivory." Sir W. Scott. Ebonist Eb"on*ist (?), n. One who works in ebony. Ebonite Eb"on*ite (?), n. (Chem.) A hard, black variety of vulcanite. It may be cut and polished, and is used for many small articles, as combs and buttons, and for insulating material in electric apparatus. Ebonize Eb"on*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ebonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ebonizing.] To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; as, to ebonize wood. Ebony Eb"on*y (?), n.; pl. Ebonies (#). [F. \'82b\'8ane, L. ebenus, fr. Gr. hobn\'c6m, pl. Cf. Ebon.] A hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. The usual color is black, but it also occurs red or green. NOTE: &hand; Th e fi nest black ebony is the heartwood of Diospyros reticulata, of the Mauritius. Other species of the same genus (D. Ebenum, Melanoxylon, etc.), furnish the ebony of the East Indies and Ceylon. The West Indian green ebony is from a leguminous tree (Brya Ebenus), and from the Exc\'91caria glandulosa. Ebony Eb"on*y, a. Made of ebony, or resembling ebony; black; as, an ebony countenance. This ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling. Poe. Ebracteate E*brac"te*ate (?), a. [Pref. e- + bracteate.] (Bot.) Without bracts. Ebracteolate E*brac"te*o*late (?), a. [Pref. e- + bracteolate.] (Bot.) Without bracteoles, or little bracts; -- said of a pedicel or flower stalk. Ebrauke E*brau"ke (?), a. [L. Hebraicus: cf. F. H\'82bra\'8bque.] Hebrew. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ebriety E*bri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Ebrieties (#). [L. ebrietas, from. ebrius intoxicated: cf. F. \'82bri\'82te. Cf. So.] Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous liquors; inebriety. "Ruinous ebriety." Cowper. _________________________________________________________________ Page 468 Ebrillade E*bril"lade (?), n. [F.] (Man.) A bridle check; a jerk of one rein, given to a horse when he refuses to turn. Ebriosity E`bri*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. ebriositas, from ebriousus given to drinking, fr. ebrius. See Ebriety.] Addiction to drink; habitual drunkenness. Ebrious E"bri*ous (?), a. [L. ebrius.] Inclined to drink to excess; intoxicated; tipsy. [R.] M. Collins. Ebulliate E*bul"li*ate (?), v. i. To boil or bubble up. [Obs.] Prynne. Ebullience; 106, Ebulliency E*bul"lience (?; 106), E*bul"lien*cy (?), n. A boiling up or over; effervescence. Cudworth. Ebullient E*bul"lient (?), a. [L. ebulliens, -entis, p. pr. of ebullire to boil up, bubble up; e out, from + bullire to boil. See 1st Boil.] Boiling up or over; hence, manifesting exhilaration or excitement, as of feeling; effervescing. "Ebullient with subtlety." De Quincey. The ebullient enthusiasm of the French. Carlyle. Ebullioscope E*bul"li*o*scope (?), n. [L. ebullire to boil up + -scope.] (Phys. Chem.) An instrument for observing the boiling point of liquids, especially for determining the alcoholic strength of a mixture by the temperature at which it boils. Ebullition Eb`ul*li"tion (?), n. [F. \'82bullition, L. ebullitio, fr. ebullire. See Ebullient.] 1. A boiling or bubbling up of a liquid; the motion produced in a liquid by its rapid conversion into vapor. 2. Effervescence occasioned by fermentation or by any other process which causes the liberation of a gas or an a\'89riform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a carbonated alkali. [Formerly written bullition.] 3. A sudden burst or violent display; an outburst; as, an ebullition of anger or ill temper. Eburin Eb"ur*in (?), n. A composition of dust of ivory or of bone with a cement; -- used for imitations of valuable stones and in making moldings, seals, etc. Knight. Eburnation E`bur*na"tion (?), n. [L. eburnus of ivory, fr. ebur ivory: cf. F. \'82burnation. See Ivory.] (Med.) A condition of bone cartilage occurring in certain diseases of these tissues, in which they acquire an unnatural density, and come to resemble ivory. Eburnean E*bur"ne*an (?), a. [L. eburneus, fr. ebur ivory. See Ivory.] Made of or relating to ivory. Eburnification E*bur`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. eburnus of ivory (fr. ebur ivory) + facere to make.] The conversion of certain substances into others which have the appearance or characteristics of ivory. Eburnine Eb"ur*nine (?), a. Of or pertaining to ivory. "[She] read from tablet eburnine." Sir W. Scott. Ecardines E*car"di*nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. e out, without + cardo a hinge.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Brachiopoda; the Lyopomata. See Brachiopoda. \'90cart\'82 \'90`car`t\'82" (?), n. [F., prop. fr. \'82carter to reject, discard.] A game at cards, played usually by two persons, in which the players may discard any or all of the cards dealt and receive others from the pack. Ecaudate E*cau"date (?), a. [Pref. e- + caudate.] 1. (Bot.) Without a tail or spur. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Tailless. Ecballium Ec*bal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Ecbole.] (Bot.) A genus of cucurbitaceous plants consisting of the single species Ecballium agreste (or Elaterium), the squirting cucumber. Its fruit, when ripe, bursts and violently ejects its seeds, together with a mucilaginous juice, from which elaterium, a powerful cathartic medicine, is prepared. Ecbasis Ec"ba*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which the orator treats of things according to their events consequences. Ecbatic Ec*bat"ic (?), a. [See Ecbasis.] (Gram.) Denoting a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from telic, which denotes intention or purpose; thus the phrase so that it was fulfilled," is ecbatic; if rendered "in order that it might be." etc., is telic. Ecbole Ec"bo*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A digression in which a person is introduced speaking his own words. Ecbolic Ec*bol"ic (?), n. [See Ecbole.] (Med.) A drug, as ergot, which by exciting uterine contractions promotes the expulsion of the contents of the uterus. Ecboline Ec"bo*line (?; 104), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An alkaloid constituting the active principle of ergot; -- so named from its power of producing abortion. Eccaleobion Ec`ca*le*o"bi*on (?), n. [Gr. A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat. Ecce homo Ec"ce ho"mo (?). [L., behold the man. See John xix. 5.] (Paint.) A picture which represents the Savior as given up to the people by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns. Eccentric Ec*cen"tric (?), a. [F. excentrique, formerly also spelled eccentrique, fr. LL. eccentros out of the center, eccentric, Gr. Ex-, and Center, and cf. Excentral.] 1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit; pertaining to deviation from the center or from true circular motion. 2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to concentric. 3. (Mach.) Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod in a steam engine. 4. Not coincident as to motive or end. His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his master. Bacon. 5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; as, eccentric conduct. "This brave and eccentric young man." Macaulay. He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze. Savage. Eccentric anomaly. (Astron.) See Anomaly. -- Eccentric chuck (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that the work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles. -- Eccentric gear. (Mach.) (a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the steam engine. (b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to give variable rotation. -- Eccentric hook OR gab, a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap. -- Eccentric rod, the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric. -- Eccentric sheave, OR Eccentric pulley, an eccentric. -- Eccentric strap, the ring, operating as a journal box, that encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also eccentric hoop. Syn. -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic; idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical. Eccentric Ec*cen"tric (?), n. 1. A circle not having the same center as another contained in some measure within the first. 2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or irregular person or thing. 3. (Astron.) (a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center. (b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius. Hutton. 4. (Mach.) A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a crank having the same throw. Back eccentric, the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine. -- Fore eccentric, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to the valve gear and the engine. Eccentrical Ec*cen"tric*al (?), a. See Eccentric. Eccentrically Ec*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In an eccentric manner. Drove eccentrically here and there. Lew Wallace. Eccentricity Ec`cen*tric"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Eccentricities (#). [Cf. F. excentricit\'82.] 1. The state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary line of conduct; oddity. 2. (Math.) The ratio of the distance between the center and the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola to its semi-transverse axis. 3. (Astron.) The ratio of the distance of the center of the orbit of a heavenly body from the center of the body round which it revolves to the semi-transverse axis of the orbit. 4. (Mech.) The distance of the center of figure of a body, as of an eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the throw. Ecchymose Ec"chy*mose (?), v. t. (Med.) To discolor by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion of blood, beneath the skin; -- chiefly used in the passive form; as, the parts were much ecchymosed. Ecchymosis Ec`chy*mo"sis (?), n.; pl. Ecchymoses (. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A livid or black and blue spot, produced by the extravasation or effusion of blood into the areolar tissue from a contusion. Ecchymotic Ec`chy*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to ecchymosis. Eccle Ec"cle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker; -- also called ecall, eaquall, yaffle. [Prov. Eng.] Ecclesia Ec*cle"si*a (?), n.; pl. Ecclesi\'91 (. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Gr. Antiq.) The public legislative assembly of the Athenians. 2. (Eccl.) A church, either as a body or as a building. Ecclesial Ec*cle"si*al (?), a. Ecclesiastical. [Obs.] Milton. Ecclesiarch Ec*cle"si*arch (?), n. [LL. ecclesiarcha, fr. Gr. eccl\'82siarque.] An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in the Western Church. Ecclesiast Ec*cle"si*ast (?), n. 1. An ecclesiastic. Chaucer. 2. The Apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus. [Obs.] Ecclesiastes Ec*cle`si*as"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Ecclesiastic, a.] One of the canonical books of the Old Testament. Ecclesiastic Ec*cle`si*as"tic (?; 277), a. [L. ecclesiasticus, Gr. Ex-, and Hale, v. t., Haul.] Of or pertaining to the church. See Ecclesiastical. "Ecclesiastic government." Swift. Ecclesiastic Ec*cle`si*as"tic, n. A person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest. From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently preferred to the highest dignities of the church. Prescott. Ecclesiastical Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al (?), a. [See Ecclesiastical, a.] Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or government of the church; not secular; as, ecclesiastical affairs or history; ecclesiastical courts. Every circumstance of ecclesiastical order and discipline was an abomination. Cowper. Ecclesiastical commissioners for England, a permanent commission established by Parliament in 1836, to consider and report upon the affairs of the Established Church. -- Ecclesiastical courts, courts for maintaining the discipline of the Established Church; -- called also Christian courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical law, a combination of civil and canon law as administered in ecclesiastical courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical modes (Mus.), the church modes, or the scales anciently used. -- Ecclesiastical States, the territory formerly subject to the Pope of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also States of the Church.<-- and Papal States. --> Ecclesiastically Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules. Ecclesiasticism Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cism (?), n. Strong attachment to ecclesiastical usages, forms, etc. Ecclesiasticus Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cus (?), n. [L.] A book of the Apocrypha. Ecclesiological Ec*cle`si*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Belonging to ecclesiology. Ecclesiologist Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in ecclesiology. Ecclesiology Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ecclesia + -logy.] The science or theory of church building and decoration. Eccritic Ec*crit"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A remedy which promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a cathartic. Ecderon Ec"der*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) See Ecteron. -- Ec`der*on"ic (#), a. Ecdysis Ec"dy*sis (?), n.; pl. Ecdyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kdysis a getting out, fr. 'ekdy`ein, to put off; 'ek out + dy`ein to enter.] (Biol.) The act of shedding, or casting off, an outer cuticular layer, as in the case of serpents, lobsters, etc.; a coming out; as, the ecdysis of the pupa from its shell; exuviation. Ecgonine Ec"go*nine (?; 104), n. [Gr. 'e`kgonos sprung from.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the decomposition of cocaine. (?), n. [F.] A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel, usually in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See Castle. Eche Ech"e (?), a. OR a. pron. Each. [Obs.] Chaucer. Echelon Ech"e*lon (?), n. [F., fr. \'82chelle ladder, fr. L. scala.] 1. (Mil.) An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance. Upton (Tactics). 2. (Naval) An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or Encyc. Dict. Echelon lens (Optics), a large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; -- used in lighthouses. Echelon Ech"e*lon (?), v. t. (Mil.) To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon. Echelon Ech"e*lon, v. i. To take position in echelon. Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from the right. Upton (Tactics). Echidna E*chid"na (?), n. [L., a viper, adder, Gr. 1. (Gr. Myth.) A monster, half maid and half serpent. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also porcupine ant-eater, and Australian ant-eater. Echidnine E*chid"nine (?; 104), n. [See Echidna.] (Chem.) The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this, and supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the virus. Brande & C. Echinate, Echinated Ech"i*nate (?), Ech"i*na`ted (?), a. [L. echinatus. See Echinus.] Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; bristled; as, an echinated pericarp. Echinid E*chi"nid (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Echinoid. Echinidan E*chin"i*dan (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82chinide.] (Zo\'94l.) One the Echinoidea. Echinital E*chin"i*tal (?), a. Of, or like, an echinite. Echinite Ech"i*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82chinite. See Echinus.] (Paleon.) A fossil echinoid. Echinococcus E*chi`no*coc"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A parasite of man and of many domestic and wild animals, forming compound cysts or tumors (called hydatid cysts) in various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs, which often cause death. It is the larval stage of the T\'91nia echinococcus, a small tapeworm peculiar to the dog. Echinoderm E*chin"o*derm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Echinodermata. Echinodermal E*chi`no*der"mal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating or belonging to the echinoderms. Echinodermata E*chi`no*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. By many writers it was formerly included in the Radiata. [Written also Echinoderma.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 469 NOTE: &hand; Th e sp ecies us ually ha ve an ex terior ca lcareous skeleton, or shell, made of many pieces, and often covered with spines, to which the name. They may be star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more or less spherical. The body consists of several similar parts (spheromeres) repeated symmetrically around a central axis, at one end of which the mouth is situated. They generally have suckers for locomotion. The group includes the following classes: Crinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these words in the Vocabulary, and also Ambulacrum. Echinodermatous E*chi`no*der"ma*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal. Echinoid E*chi"noid (?), a. [Echinus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea. -- n. One of the Echinoidea. Echinoidea Ech`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Echinus, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They have a calcareous, usually more or less spheroidal or disk-shaped, composed of many united plates, and covered with movable spines. See Spatangoid, Clypeastroid. [Written also Echinidea, and Echinoida.] Echinozoa E*chi`no*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Echinodermata. Echinulate E*chin"u*late (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Set with small spines or prickles. Echinus E*chi"nus (?), n.; pl. Echini (#). [L., a hedgehog, sea urchin, Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A hedgehog. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of echinoderms, including the common edible sea urchin of Europe. 3. (Arch.) (a) The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of the Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar elastic curve. See Entablature. (b) The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric style. See Illust. of Column (c) A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg and dart molding, because that ornament is often identified with Roman Doric capital. The name probably alludes to the shape of the shell of the sea urchin. Echiuroidea Ech`i*u*roi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. echiurus, the name of one genus (Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Annelida which includes the genus Echiurus and allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and called the armed Gephyreans. Echo Ech"o (?), n.; pl. Echoes (#). [L. echo, Gr. v\'be to sound, bellow; perh. akin to E. voice: cf. F. \'82cho.] 1. A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition of a sound. The babbling echo mocks the hounds. Shak. The woods shall answer, and the echo ring. Pope. 2. Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer. Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them. Fuller. Many kind, and sincere speeches found an echo in his heart. R. L. Stevenson. 3. (a) (Myth. & Poetic) A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as repeating, and causing the reverberation of them. Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen Within thy airy shell. Milton. (b) (Gr. Myth.) A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined away until nothing was left of her but her voice. Compelled me to awake the courteous Echo To give me answer from her mossy couch. Milton. Echo organ (Mus.), a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so as to produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally superseded by the swell. -- Echo stop (Mus.), a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for producing the soft effect of distant sound. -- To applaud to the echo, to give loud and continuous applause. M. Arnold. I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again. Shak. Echo Ech"o, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Echoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Echoing. -- 3d pers. sing. pres. Echoes (.] 1. To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to reverberate. Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng. Dryden. The wondrous sound Is echoed on forever. Keble. 2. To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt. They would have echoed the praises of the men whom they Macaulay. Echo Ech"o, v. i. To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; as, the hall echoed with acclamations. "Echoing noise." Blackmore. Echoer Ech"o*er (?), n. One who, or that which, echoes. Echoless Ech"o*less, a. Without echo or response. Echometer E*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. \'82chom\'8atre.] (Mus) A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and determining their different, and the relation of their intervals. J. J. Rousseau. Echometry E*chom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82chom\'82trie.] 1. The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes. 2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes. Echon, Echoon Ech*on" (?), Ech*oon" (?), pron. Each one. [Obs.] Chaucer. Echoscope Ech"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion of the thorax. Knight. (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream. Eclaircise E*clair"cise (?), v. t. [F. \'82claircir; pref. es- (L. ex) + clair clear, L. clarus.] To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood; to explain. Eclaircissement E*clair"cisse*ment (?), n. [F., fr. \'82claircir. See Eclaircise, v. t.] The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily understood; an explanation. The eclaircissement ended in the discovery of the informer. Clarendon. Eclampsia Ec*lamp"si*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is ge nerally re stricted to a convulsive affection attending pregnancy and parturition, and to infantile convulsions. Eclampsy Ec*lamp"sy (?), n. (Med.) Same as Eclampsia. Eclat E*clat" (?), n. [F. \'82clat a fragment, splinter, explosion, brilliancy, splendor, fr. \'82clater to splinter, burst, explode, shine brilliantly, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. sleizan to slit, split, fr. sl\'c6zan, G. schleissen; akin to E. slit.] 1. Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show; striking effect; glory; renown. "The eclat of Homer's battles." Pope. 2. Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause. Prescott. Eclectic Ec*lec"tic (?), a. [Gr. \'82clectique. See Eclogue, and cf. Elect.] 1. Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; as, an eclectic philosopher. 2. Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; as, an eclectic method; an eclectic magazine. Eclectic physician, one of a class of practitioners of medicine, who select their modes of practice and medicines from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same as botanic physician. [U.S.] -- Eclectic school. (Paint.) See Bolognese school, under Bolognese. Eclectic Ec*lec"tic (?), n. One who follows an eclectic method. Eclectically Ec*lec"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method. Eclecticism Ec*lec"ti*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82clecticisme. Cf. Electicism.] Theory or practice of an eclectic. Eclegm Ec*legm" (?), n. [F. \'82clegme, L. ecligma, fr. Gr. (Med.) A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups. John Quincy. Eclipse E*clipse" (?), n. [F. \'82clipse, L. eclipsis, fr. Gr. Ex-, and Loan.] 1. (Astron.) An interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other luminous body, by the intervention of some other body, either between it and the eye, or between the luminous body and that illuminated by it. A lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing through the earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed by entering the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of a planet or star by the moon or a planet, though of the nature of an eclipse, is called an occultation. The eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or Venus is called a transit of the planet. NOTE: &hand; In an cient ti mes, ec lipses we re, an d am ong unenlightened people they still are, superstitiously regarded as forerunners of evil fortune, a sentiment of which occasional use is made in literature. That fatal and perfidious bark, Built in the eclipse, and rigged with curses dark. Milton. 2. The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light, brilliancy, luster, honor, consciousness, etc.; obscuration; gloom; darkness. All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of spiritual life. Sir W. Raleigh. As in the soft and sweet eclipse, When soul meets soul on lovers' lips. Shelley. Annular eclipse. (Astron.) See under Annular. -- Cycle of eclipses. See under Cycle. Eclipse E*clipse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eclipsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eclipsing.] 1. To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of a heavenly body; as, the moon eclipses the sun. 2. To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, honor, etc., of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the shade by surpassing. "His eclipsed state." Dryden. My joy of liberty is half eclipsed. Shak. Eclipse E*clipse", v. i. To suffer an eclipse. While the laboring moon Eclipses at their charms. Milton. Ecliptic E*clip"tic (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82cliptique, L. linea ecliptica, Gr. Ecliptic, a.] 1. (Astron.) A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23° 28\'b7. It is the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun. 2. (Geog.) A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of 23° 28\'b7 with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving astronomical problems. Ecliptic E*clip"tic, a. [L. eclipticus belonging to an eclipse, Gr. Eclipse.] 1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way. 2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses. Lunar ecliptic limit (Astron.), the space of 12° on the moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed. -- Solar ecliptic limit, the space of 17° from the lunar node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun will be eclipsed. Eclogite Ec"lo*gite (?), n. [See Ecloque.] (Min.) A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference to its beauty. Eclogue Ec"logue (?), n. [L. ecloga, Gr. \'82gloque, \'82cloque. See Ex-, and Legend.] A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established. Economic; 277, Economical E`co*nom"ic (?; 277), E`co*nom"ic*al (?), a. [F. \'82conomique, L. oeconomicus orderly, methodical, Gr. Economy.] 1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. "In this economical misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony.]" Milton. 2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household affairs. And doth employ her economic art And busy care, her household to preserve. Sir J. Davies. 3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said of character or habits. Just rich enough, with economic care, To save a pittance. Harte. 4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an economical use of money or of time. 5. Relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a country; relating to political economy; as, economic purposes; economical truths. These matters economical and political. J. C. Shairp. There was no economical distress in England to prompt the enterprises of colonization. Palfrey. Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the employment of the people. H. C. Baird. 6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end. Grew. NOTE: &hand; Ec onomical is th e us ual fo rm when meaning frugal, saving; economic is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the management of a household, or of public affairs. Economically E`co*nom"ic*al*ly (?), adv. With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure. Economics E`co*nom"ics (?), n. [Gr. Economic.] 1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic management. 2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful application of wealth or material resources. See Political economy, under Political. "In politics and economics." V. Knox. Economist E*con"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82conomiste.] 1. One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and without waste. "Economists even to parsimony." Burke. 2. One who is conversant with political economy; a student of economics. Economization E*con`o*mi*za"tion (?), n. The act or practice of using to the best effect. [R.] H. Spenser. Economize E*con"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Economized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Economizing.] [Cf. F. \'82conomiser.] To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with frugality; as, to economize one's income. [Written also economise.] Expenses in the city were to be economized. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Calculating how to economize time. W. Irving. Economize E*con"o*mize, v. i. To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich. [Written also economise.] Milton. Economizer E*con"o*mi`zer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, economizes. 2. Specifically: (Steam Boilers) An arrangement of pipes for heating feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to the chimney. Economy E*con"o*my (?), n.; pl. Economies (#). [F. \'82conomie, L. oeconomia household management, fr. Gr. vicus village, E. vicinity) + Vicinity, Nomad.] 1. The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and government of household matters; especially as they concern expense or disbursement; as, a careful economy. Himself busy in charge of the household economies. Froude. 2. Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs of a state or of any establishment kept up by production and consumption; esp., such management as directly concerns wealth; as, political economy. 3. The system of rules and regulations by which anything is managed; orderly system of regulating the distribution and uses of parts, conceived as the result of wise and economical adaptation in the author, whether human or divine; as, the animal or vegetable economy; the economy of a poem; the Jewish economy. The position which they [the verb and adjective] hold in the general economy of language. Earle. In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see the economy . . . of poems better observed than in Terence. B. Jonson. The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of that economy, they were obliged to keep. Paley. 4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss or waste; frugality in expenditure; prudence and disposition to save; as, a housekeeper accustomed to economy but not to parsimony. Political economy. See under Political. Syn. -- Economy, Frugality, Parsimony. Economy avoids all waste and extravagance, and applies money to the best advantage; frugality cuts off indulgences, and proceeds on a system of saving. The latter conveys the idea of not using or spending superfluously, and is opposed to lavishness or profusion. Frugality is usually applied to matters of consumption, and commonly points to simplicity of manners; parsimony is frugality carried to an extreme, involving meanness of spirit, and a sordid mode of living. Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a vice. _________________________________________________________________ Page 470 I have no other notion of economy than that it is the parent to liberty and ease. Swift. The father was more given to frugality, and the son to riotousness [luxuriousness]. Golding. (?), n. [F.] (Fine Arts) A manikin, or image, representing an animal, especially man, with the skin removed so that the muscles are exposed for purposes of study. (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A dancing tune in the Scotch style. Ecostate E*cos"tate (?), a. [Pref. e- + costate.] (Bot.) Having no ribs or nerves; -- said of a leaf. (?), n. [F., a listening place.] (Mil.) One of the small galleries run out in front of the glacis. They serve to annoy the enemy's miners. Ecphasis Ec"pha*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) An explicit declaration. Ecphonema Ec`pho*ne"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A breaking out with some interjectional particle. Ecphoneme Ec"pho*neme (?), n. [See Ecphonema.] A mark (!) used to indicate an exclamation. G. Brown. Ecphonesis Ec`pho*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Ecphonema.] (Rhet.) An animated or passionate exclamation. The feelings by the ecphonesis are very various. Gibbs. Ecphractic Ec*phrac"tic (?), a. [Gr. ecphractique.] (Med.) Serving to dissolve or attenuate viscid matter, and so to remove obstructions; deobstruent. -- n. An ecphractic medicine. Harvey. (?), n. [F.] (Surg.) The operation performed with an \'82craseur. (?), n. [F., fr. \'82craser to crush.] (Surg.) An instrument intended to replace the knife in many operations, the parts operated on being severed by the crushing effect produced by the gradual tightening of a steel chain, so that hemorrhage rarely follows. (?), a. [F., fr. L. crudus raw.] Having the color or appearance of unbleached stuff, as silk, linen, or the like. Ecstasy Ec"sta*sy (?), n.; pl. Ecstasies (#). [F. extase, L. ecstasis, fr. Gr. Ex-, and Stand.] [Also written extasy.] 1. The state of being beside one's self or rapt out of one's self; a state in which the mind is elevated above the reach of ordinary impressions, as when under the influence of overpowering emotion; an extraordinary elevation of the spirit, as when the soul, unconscious of sensible objects, is supposed to contemplate heavenly mysteries. Like a mad prophet in an ecstasy. Dryden. This is the very ecstasy of love. Shak. 2. Excessive and overmastering joy or enthusiasm; rapture; enthusiastic delight. He on the tender grass Would sit, and hearken even to ecstasy. Milton. 3. Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive grief of anxiety; insanity; madness. [Obs.] That unmatched form and feature of blown youth Blasted with ecstasy. Shak. Our words will but increase his ecstasy. Marlowe. 4. (Med.) A state which consists in total suspension of sensibility, of voluntary motion, and largely of mental power. The body is erect and inflexible; the pulsation and breathing are not affected. Mayne. Ecstasy Ec"sta*sy, v. t. To fill ecstasy, or with rapture or enthusiasm. [Obs.] The most ecstasied order of holy . . . spirits. Jer. Taylor. Ecstatic Ec*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. extatique. See Ecstasy, n.] 1. Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion; of the nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; as, ecstatic gaze; ecstatic trance. This ecstatic fit of love and jealousy. Hammond. 2. Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; as, ecstatic bliss or joy. Ecstatic Ec*stat"ic, n. An enthusiast. [R.] Gauden. Ecstatical Ec*stat"ic*al (?), a. 1. Ecstatic. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. Tending to external objects. [R.] Norris. Ecstatically Ec*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. Rapturously; ravishingly. Ect-, Ecto- Ect- (?), Ec"to- (?). [Gr. A combining form signifying without, outside, external. Ectad Ec"tad (?), adv. [Ect- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.) Toward the outside or surface; -- opposed to entad. B. G. Wilder. Ectal Ec"tal (?), a. [See Ect-.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the surface; outer; -- opposed to ental. B. G. Wilder. Ectasia Ec*ta"si*a (?), n. [NL. See Ectasis.] (Med.) A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal. Ectasis Ec"ta*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Pros.) The lengthening of a syllable from short to long. Ectental Ec*ten"tal (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Relating to, or connected with, the two primitive germ layers, the ectoderm and ectoderm; as, the "ectental line" or line of juncture of the two layers in the segmentation of the ovum. C. S. Minot. Ecteron Ec"ter*on (?), n. [See Ect-.] (Anat.) The external layer of the skin and mucous membranes; epithelium; ecderon. -- Ec`ter*on"ic (#), a. Ectethmoid Ec*teth"moid (?), a. [Ect- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) External to the ethmoid; prefrontal. Ecthlipsis Ec*thlip"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. The dropping out or suppression from a word of a consonant, with or without a vowel. 2. (Lat. Pros.) The elision of a final m, with the preceding vowel, before a word beginning with a vowel. Ecthoreum Ec`tho*re"um (?), n.; pl. Ecthorea (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The slender, hollow thread of a nettling cell or cnida. See Nettling cell. [Written also ecthor\'91um.] Ecthyma Ec*thy"ma (?), n.; pl. Ecthymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A cutaneous eruption, consisting of large, round pustules, upon an indurated and inflamed base. Dunglison. Ecto- Ec"to- (?). See Ect-. Ectoblast Ec"to*blast (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the epiblast; the ectoderm. (b) The outer envelope of a cell; the cell wall. Agassiz. Ectobronchium Ec`to*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Ectobronchia (#). [NL. See Ecto-, and Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the dorsal branches of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds. Ectocuneriform, Ectocuniform Ec`to*cu*ne"ri*form (?), Ec`to*cu"ni*form (?), n. [Ecto- + cuneiform, cuniform.] (Anat.) One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform. Ectocyst Ec"to*cyst (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The outside covering of the Bryozoa. Ectoderm Ec"to*derm (?), n. [Ecto- + -derm.] (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; epiblast. (b) The external skin or outer layer of an animal or plant, this being formed in an animal from the epiblast. See Illust. of Blastoderm. Ectodermal, Ectodermic Ec`to*der"mal (?), Ec`to*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to the ectoderm. Ectolecithal Ec`to*lec"i*thal (?), a. [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) Having the food yolk, at the commencement of segmentation, in a peripheral position, and the cleavage process confined to the center of the egg; as, ectolecithal ova. Ectomere Ec"to*mere (?), n. [Ecto- + -mere.] (Biol.) The more transparent cells, which finally become external, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals. Ectoparasite Ec`to*par"a*site (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any parasite which lives on the exterior of animals; -- opposed to endoparasite. -- Ec`to*par`a*sit"ic (#), a. Ectopia Ec*to"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A morbid displacement of parts, especially such as is congenial; as, ectopia of the heart, or of the bladder. Ectopic Ec*top"ic (?), a. (Med.) Out of place; congenitally displaced; as, an ectopic organ. Ectoplasm Ec"to*plasm (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum. (b) The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable cell. (c) The ectosarc of protozoan. Ectoplastic Ec`to*plas"tic (?), a. [Ecto- + Gr. Pertaining to, or composed of, ectoplasm. Ectoprocta Ec`to*proc"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle of tentacles. Ectopy Ec"to*py (?), n. (Med.) Same as Ectopia. Ectorganism Ect*or"gan*ism (?), n. [Ect- + organism.] (Biol.) An external parasitic organism. Ectosarc Ec"to*sarc (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some unicellular organisms, as the am\'d2ba; ectoplasm; exoplasm. Ectosteal Ec*tos"te*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to ectostosis; as, ectosteal ossification. Ectostosis Ec`tos*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Ect-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the cartilage. Ectozoic Ec`to*zo"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) See Epizoic. Ectozo\'94n Ec`to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Ectozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Epizo\'94n. Ectropion Ec*tro"pi*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An unnatural eversion of the eyelids. Ectropium Ec*tro"pi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Ectropion. Ectrotic Ec*trot"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Having a tendency to prevent the development of anything, especially of a disease. Ectypal Ec"ty*pal (?), a. [L. ectypus worked in high relief, Gr. Type.] Copied, reproduced as a molding or cast, in contradistinction from the original model. Ectype Ec"type (?), n. [Cf. F. ectype. See Ectypal.] 1. (Classical Arch\'91ol.) (a) A copy, as in pottery, of an artist's original work. Hence: (b) A work sculptured in relief, as a cameo, or in bas-relief (in this sense used loosely). 2. A copy from an original; a type of something that has previously existed. Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an ectype of the ancient prophets. Eng. Cyc. . Ectypography Ec`ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Ectype + -graphy.] A method of etching in which the design upon the plate is produced in relief. Ecumenic, Ecumenical Ec`u*men"ic (?), Ec`u*men"ic*al (?), a. [L. oecumenicus, Gr. Economy.] General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which concerns the whole church; as, an ecumenical council. [Written also .] Ecumenical Bishop, a title assumed by the popes. -- Ecumenical council. See under Council. Ecurie Ec"u*rie (?), n. [F. See Equerry.] A stable. Eczema Ec"ze*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kzema; "ek out + zei^n to boil.] (Med.) An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small vesicles, and the discharge of a watery exudation, which often dries up, leaving the skin covered with crusts; -- called also tetter, milk crust, and salt rheum. Eczematous Ec*zem"a*tous (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to eczema; having the characteristic of eczema. -ed -ed (?). The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak, verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns; as, pigmented; talented. Edacious E*da"cious (?), a. [L. edax, edacis, fr. edere to eat.] Given to eating; voracious; devouring. Swallowed in the depths of edacious Time. Carlyle. -- E*da"cious*ly, adv. -- E*da"cious*ness, n. Edacity E*dac"i*ty (?), n. [L. edacitas.] Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity. Bacon. Edda Ed"da (?), n.; pl. Eddas (#). [Icel., lit. great-grandmother (i. e., of Scandinavian poetry), so called by Bishop Brynj\'a3lf Sveinsson, who brought it again to light in 1643.] The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas (legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e tw o Ed das. Th e ol der, consisting of 39 poems, was reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland between 1050 and 1133. The younger or prose Edda, called also the Edda of Snorri, is the work of several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri Sturleson, who was born in 1178. Eddaic, Eddic Ed*da"ic (?), Ed"dic (?), a. Relating to the Eddas; resembling the Eddas. Edder Ed"der (?), n. [See Adder.] (Zo\'94l.) An adder or serpent. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Edder Ed"der, n. [AS. edor hedge, fence; akin to etar.] Flexible wood worked into the top of hedge stakes, to bind them together. [Obs.] Tusser. Edder Ed"der, v. t. To bind the top interweaving edder; as, to edder a hedge. [Obs.] Eddish Ed"dish (?), n. [AS. edisc; cf. AS. pref. ed- again, anew. Cf. Eddy, and Arrish.] Aftermath; also, stubble and stubble field. See Arrish. [Eng.] Eddoes Ed"does (?), n. pl. (Bot.) The tubers of Colocasia antiquorum. See Taro. Eddy Ed"dy (?), n.; pl. Eddies (#). [Prob. fr. Icel. i; cf. Icel. pref. i back, AS. ed-, OS. idug-, OHG. ita-; Goth. id-.] 1. A current of air or water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main current. 2. A current of water or air moving in a circular direction; a whirlpool. And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden. Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. Addison. NOTE: Used also adjectively; as, eddy winds. Dryden. Eddy Ed"dy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eddied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eddying.] To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle. Eddying round and round they sink. Wordsworth. Eddy Ed"dy, v. t. To collect as into an eddy. [R.] The circling mountains eddy in From the bare wild the dissipated storm. Thomson. Edelweiss E"del*weiss (?), n. [G., fr. edel noble + weiss white.] (Bot.) A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (Leontopodium alpinum), growing at high elevations in the Alps.<-- = the national flower of Austria --> Edema E*de"ma (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as \'d2dema. Edematous, OR Edematose E*de"ma*tous (?), OR E*de"ma*tose` (?), a. (Med.) Same as \'d2dematous. Eden E"den (?), n. [Heb. \'c7den delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.] The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence. Edenic E*den"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic. "Edenic joys." Mrs. Browning. Edenite E"den*ite (?), n. [From Edenville, N. Y.] (Min.) A variety of amphibole. See Amphibole. Edenized E"den*ized (?), a. Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr. ). Edental E*den"tal (?), a. See Edentate, a. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Edentata. Edentalous E*den"tal*ous (?), a. See Edentate, a. Edentata E`den*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. edentatus, p. p. of edentare to render toothless; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and anteaters; -- called also Bruta. The incisor teeth are rarely developed, and in some groups all the teeth are lacking. Edentate E*den"tate (?), a. 1. Destitute of teeth; as, an edentate quadruped; an edentate leaf. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Edentata. _________________________________________________________________ Page 471 Edentate E*den"tate (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Edentata. Edentated E*den`ta*ted (?), a. Same as Edentate, a. Edentation E`den*ta"tion (?), n. A depriving of teeth. [R.] Cockeram. Edentulous E*den"tu*lous (?; 135), a. [L. edentulus; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] Toothless. Edge Edge (?), n. [OE. eg, egge, AS. ecg; akin to OHG. ekka, G. ecke, Icel. & Sw. egg, Dan. eg, and to L. acies, Gr. a edge. Egg, v. t., Eager, Ear spike of corn, Acute.] 1. The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as, the edge of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence, figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc. He which hath the sharp sword with two edges. Rev. ii. 12. Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword. Shak. 2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge; as, the edge of a table, a precipice. Upon the edge of yonder coppice. Shak. In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge Of battle. Milton. Pursue even to the very edge of destruction. Sir W. Scott. 3. Sharpness; readiness of fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of desire. The full edge of our indignation. Sir W. Scott. Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do not set an edge upon them by our fears and by our vices. Jer. Taylor. 4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning or early part; as, in the edge of evening. "On the edge of winter." Milton. Edge joint (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a corner. -- Edge mill, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also Chilian mill. -- Edge molding (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of two curves meeting in an angle. -- Edge plane. (a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards. (b) (Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles. -- Edge play, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed. -- Edge rail. (Railroad) (a) A rail set on edge; -- applied to a rail of more depth than width. (b) A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch. Knight. -- Edge railway, a railway having the rails set on edge. -- Edge stone, a curbstone. -- Edge tool. (a) Any tool instrument having a sharp edge intended for cutting. (b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging tool. -- To be on edge, to be eager, impatient, or anxious. -- To set the teeth on edge, to cause a disagreeable tingling sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them. Bacon. Edge Edge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edging.] 1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen. To edge her champion's sword. Dryden. 2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool. 3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress; to edge a garden with box. Hills whose tops were edged with groves. Pope. 4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.] By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged. Hayward. 5. To move by little and little or cautiously, as by pressing forward edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards. Locke. Edge Edge, v. i. 1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this way. 2. To sail close to the wind. I must edge up on a point of wind. Dryden. To edge away OR off (Naut.), to increase the distance gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object. -- To edge down (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the windward. -- To edge in, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees. -- To edge in with, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to advance gradually, but not directly, toward it. Edgebone Edge"bone` (?), n. Same as Aitchbone. Edgeless Edge"less, a. Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; as, an edgeless sword or weapon. Edgelong Edge"long (?; 115), adv. In the direction of the edge. [Obs.] Three hundred thousand pieces have you stuck Edgelong into the ground. B. Jonson. Edgeshot Edge"shot (?), a. (Carp.) Having an edge planed, -- said of a board. Knight. Edgeways, Edgewise Edge"ways (?), Edge"wise (?), adv. With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge. Glad to get in a word, as they say, edgeways. Sir W. Scott. Edging Edg"ing (?), n. 1. That which forms an edge or border, as the fringe, trimming, etc., of a garment, or a border in a garden. Dryden. 2. The operation of shaping or dressing the edge of anything, as of a piece of metal. Edging machine, a machine tool with a revolving cutter, for dressing edges, as of boards, or metal plates, to a pattern or templet. Edgingly Edg"ing*ly, adv. Gradually; gingerly. [R.] Edgy Edg"y (?), a. [From Edge.] 1. Easily irritated; sharp; as, an edgy temper. 2. (Fine Arts) Having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too sharply defined. "An edgy style of sculpture." Hazlitt. Edh Edh (?), n. The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter &edh;, capital form . It is sounded as "English th in a similar word: &omac;&edh;er, other, d(°)&edh;, doth." March. Edibility Ed`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. Suitableness for being eaten; edibleness. Edible Ed"i*ble (?), a. [L. edibilis, fr. edere to eat. See Eat.] Fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent; as, edible fishes. Bacon. -- n. Anything edible. Edible bird's nest. See Bird's nest, 2. -- Edible crab (Zo\'94l.), any species of crab used as food, esp. the American blue crab (Callinectes hastatus). See Crab. -- Edible frog (Zo\'94l.), the common European frog (Rana esculenta), used as food. -- Edible snail (Zo\'94l.), any snail used as food, esp. Helix pomatia and H. aspersa of Europe. Edibleness Ed"i*ble*ness, n. Suitableness for being eaten. Edict E"dict (?), n. [L. edictum, fr. edicere, edictum, to declare, proclaim; e out + dicere to say: cf. F. \'82dit. See Diction.] A public command or ordinance by the sovereign power; the proclamation of a law made by an absolute authority, as if by the very act of announcement; a decree; as, the edicts of the Roman emperors; the edicts of the French monarch. It stands as an edict in destiny. Shak. Edict of Nantes (French Hist.), an edict issued by Henry IV. (A. D. 1598), giving toleration to Protestants. Its revocation by Louis XIV. (A. D. 1685) was followed by terrible persecutions and the expatriation of thousands of French Protestants. Syn. -- Decree; proclamation; law; ordinance; statute; rule; order; manifesti; command. See Law. Edictal E*dic"tal (?), a. Relating to, or consisting of, edicts; as, the Roman edictal law. Edificant Ed"i*fi*cant (?), a. [L. aedificans, -antis, p. pr. of aedificare. See Edify.] Building; constructing. [R.] Dugard. Edification Ed`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. aedificatio: cf. F. \'82dification. See Edify.] 1. The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a building up, especially in a moral or spiritual sense; moral, intellectual, or spiritual improvement; instruction. The assured edification of his church. Bp. Hall. Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with what may tend to their edification. Addison. 2. A building or edifice. [Obs.] Bullokar. Edificatory Ed"i*fi*ca`to*ry (?), a. Tending to edification. Bp. Hall. Edifice Ed"i*fice (?), n. [L. aedificium, fr. aedificare: cf. F. \'82difice. See Edify.] A building; a structure; an architectural fabric; -- chiefly applied to elegant houses, and other large buildings; as, a palace, a church, a statehouse. Edificial Ed`i*fi"cial (?), a. [L. aedificialis.] Pertaining to an edifice; structural. Edifier Ed"i*fi`er (?), n. 1. One who builds. [Obs.] 2. One who edifies, builds up, or strengthens another by moral or religious instruction. Edify Ed"i*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Edified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edifying.] [F. \'82difier, L. aedificare; aedes a building, house, orig., a fireplace (akin to Gr. idh to kindle, OHG. eit funeral pile, AS. \'bed, OIr. aed fire) + facere to make. See Fact, -fy.] 1. To build; to construct. [Archaic] There was a holy chapel edified. Spenser. 2. To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious knowledge; to teach. It does not appear probable that our dispute [about miracles] would either edify or enlighten the public. Gibbon. 3. To teach or persuade. [Obs.] Bacon. Edify Ed"i*fy, v. i. To improve. [R.] Swift. Edifying Ed"i*fy`ing (?), a. Instructing; improving; as, an edifying conversation. -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ly, adv. -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ness, n. Edile E"dile (?), n. [L. aedilis: cf. F. \'82dile. Cf. \'92dile.] (Rom. Antiq.) See \'92dile. Edileship E"dile*ship, n. The office of \'91dile. T. Arnold. Edingtonite Ed"ing*ton*ite (?), n. (Min.) A grayish white zeolitic mineral, in tetragonal crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta. Edit Ed"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edited; p. pr. & vb. n. Editing.] [F. \'82diter, or L. editus, p. p. of edere to give out, put forth, publish; e out + dare to give. See Date a point of time.] To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper. Philosophical treatises which have never been edited. Enfield. Edition E*di"tion (?), n. [L. editio, fr. edere to publish; cf. F. \'82dition. See Edit.] 1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner; as, a good edition of Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare. 2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time; as, the first edition was soon sold. \'90dition de luxe \'90`di`tion" de luxe" (?). [F.] See Luxe. Editioner E*di`tion*er (?), n. An editor. [Obs.] Editor Ed"i*tor (?), n. [L., that which produces, from edere to publish: cf. F. \'82diteur.] One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends, revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc., for publication. Editorial Ed`i*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an editor; as, editorial labors; editorial remarks. <-- editorial content --> Editorial Ed`i*to"ri*al, n. A leading article in a newspaper or magazine; an editorial article; an article published as an expression of the views of the editor. Editorially Ed`i*to"ri*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner or character of an editor or of an editorial article. Editorship Ed"i*tor*ship (?), n. The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence of a publication. Editress Ed"i*tress (?), n. A female editor. Edituate E*dit"u*ate (?), v. t. [LL. aedituatus, p. p. of aedituare, fr. L. aedituus a temple warden; aedes building, temple + tueri to guard.] To guard as a churchwarden does. [Obs.] J. Gregory. Edomite E"dom*ite (?), n. One of the descendants of Esau or Edom, the brother of Jacob; an Idumean. Edriophthalma Ed`ri*oph*thal"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Crustacea in which the eyes are without stalks; the Arthrostraca. [Written also Edriophthalmata.] Edriophthalmous Ed`ri*oph*thal"mous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Edriophthalma. Educability Ed`u*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82ducabilit\'82.] Capability of being educated. Educable Ed"u*ca*ble (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. \'82ducable.] Capable of being educated. "Men are educable." M. Arnold. Educate Ed"u*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Educating (?).] [L. educatus, p. p. of educare to bring up a child physically or mentally, to educate, fr. educere to Educe.] To bring as, to educate a child; to educate the eye or the taste. Syn. -- To develop; instruct; teach; inform; enlighten; edify; bring up; train; breed; rear; discipline; indoctrinate. Educated Ed"u*ca`ted (?), a. Formed or developed by education; as, an educated man. Education Ed`u*ca"tion (?; 135), n. [L. educatio; cf. F. \'82ducation.] The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of character, acquired; also, the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course of study or discipline; as, an education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education. To prepare us for complete living is the function which education has to discharge. H. Spenser. Syn. -- Education, Instruction, Teaching, Training, Breeding. Education, properly a drawing forth, implies not so much the communication of knowledge as the discipline of the intellect, the establishment of the principles, and the regulation of the heart. Instruction is that part of education which furnishes the mind with knowledge. Teaching is the same, being simply more familiar. It is also applied to practice; as, teaching to speak a language; teaching a dog to do tricks. Training is a department of education in which the chief element is exercise or practice for the purpose of imparting facility in any physical or mental operation. Breeding commonly relates to the manners and outward conduct. Educational Ed`u*ca"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to education. "His educational establishment." J. H. Newman. Educationist Ed`u*ca"tion*ist, n. One who is versed in the theories of, or who advocates and promotes, education. Educative Ed"u*ca*tive (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. \'82ducatif.] Tending to educate; that gives education; as, an educative process; an educative experience. Educator Ed"u*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who educates; a teacher. Educe E*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Educing (?).] [L. educere; e out + ducere to lead. See Duke.] To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; as, to educe a form from matter. The eternal art educing good from ill. Pope. They want to educe and cultivate what is best and noblest in themselves. M. Arnold. Educible E*du"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of being educed. Educt E"duct (?), n. [L. eductum, fr. educere.] That which is educed, as by analysis. Sir W. Hamilton. Eduction E*duc"tion (?), n. [L. eductio.] The act of drawing out or bringing into view. Eduction pipe, AND Eduction port. See Exhaust pipe and Exhaust port, under Exhaust, a. Eductive E*duc"tive (?), a. Tending to draw out; extractive. Eductor E*duc"tor (?), n. [L., tutor.] One who, or that which, brings forth, elicits, or extracts. Stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether. E. Darwin. Edulcorant E*dul"co*rant (?), a. [See Edulcorate.] Having a tendency to purify or to sweeten by removing or correcting acidity and acrimony. Edulcorant E*dul"co*rant, n. An edulcorant remedy. Edulcorate E*dul"co*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edulcorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edulcorating.] [L. e oudulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare to sweeten, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet: cf. F. \'82dulcorer.] 1. To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity. Succory . . . edulcorated with sugar and vinegar. Evelyn. 2. (Chem.) To free from acids, salts, or other soluble substances, by washing; to purify. [R.] Edulcoration E*dul`co*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82dulcoration.] 1. The act of sweetening or edulcorating. 2. (Chem.) The act of freeing from acids or any soluble substances, by affusions of water. [R.] Ure. _________________________________________________________________ Page 472 Edulcorative E*dul"co*ra*tive (?), a. Tending to Edulcorator E*dul"co*ra`tor (?), n. A contrivance used to supply small quantities of sweetened liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to test tubes, etc.; a dropping bottle. Edulious E*du"li*ous (?), a. [L. edulis, fr. edere to eat.] Edible. [Obs.] "Edulious pulses." Sir T. Browne. -ee -ee (?). [Formed on the F. p. p. ending -\'82, masc.] A suffix used, chiefly in law terms, in a passive signification, to indicate the direct or indirect object of an action, or the one to whom an act is done or on whom a right is conferred; as in assignee, donee, alienee, grantee, etc. It is correlative to -or, the agent or doer. Eek, Eeke Eek, Eeke (?), v. t. See Eke. [Obs.] Spenser. Eel Eel (?), n. [AS. ; akin to D., G., & Dan. aal, Icel. \'bell, Sw. \'86l.] (Zo\'94l.) An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus. Eelbuck Eel"buck` (?), n. An eelpot or eel basket. Eelfare Eel"fare` (?), n. [Eel + fare a journey or passage.] (Zo\'94l.) A brood of eels. [Prov. Eng.] Eelgrass Eel"grass` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Zostera marina), with very long and narrow leaves, growing abundantly in shallow bays along the North Atlantic coast. Eel-mother Eel"-moth`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eelpout. Eelpot Eel"pot` (?), n. A boxlike structure with funnel-shaped traps for catching eels; an eelbuck. Eelpout Eel"pout` (?), n. [AS. .] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European fish (Zoarces viviparus), remarkable for producing living young; -- called also greenbone, guffer, bard, and Maroona eel. Also, an American species (Z. anguillaris), -- called also mutton fish, and, erroneously, congo eel, ling, and lamper eel. Both are edible, but of little value. (b) A fresh-water fish, the burbot. Eelspear Eel"spear` (?), n. A spear with barbed forks for spearing eels. E'en E'en (?), adv. A contraction for even. See Even. I have e'en done with you. L'Estrange. Een Een (?), n. The old plural of Eye. And eke with fatness swollen were his een. Spenser. E'er E'er (?; 277), adv. A contraction for ever. See Ever. Eerie, Eery Ee"rie, Ee"ry (?), a. [Scotch, fr. AS. earh timid.] 1. Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts; wild; weird; as, eerie stories. She whose elfin prancer springs By night to eery warblings. Tennyson. 2. Affected with fear; affrighted. Burns. Eerily Ee"ri*ly (?), adv. In a strange, unearthly way. Eerisome Ee"ri*some (?), a. Causing fear; eerie. [Scot.] Eet Eet (?), obs. imp. of Eat. Chaucer. Effable Ef"fa*ble (?), a. [L. effabilis; ex out + fari to speak.] Capable of being uttered or explained; utterable. Barrow. Efface Ef*face" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effacing (?).] [F. effacer; pref. es- (L. ex) + face face; prop., to destroy the face or form. See Face, and cf. Deface.] 1. To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed upon a surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to erase; to render illegible or indiscernible; as, to efface the letters on a monument, or the inscription on a coin. 2. To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away. Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received. Bacon. Syn. -- To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel; destroy. -- Efface, Deface. To deface is to injure or impair a figure; to efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible. Effaceable Ef*face"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being effaced. Effacement Ef*face"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. effacement.] The act if effacing; also, the result of the act. Effascinate Ef*fas"ci*nate (?), v. t. [L. effascinare.] To charm; to bewitch. [Obs.] Heywood. Effascination Ef*fas`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L. effascinatio.] A charming; state of being bewitched or deluded. [Obs.] Effect Ef*fect" (?), n. [L. effectus, fr. efficere, effectum, to effect; ex + facere to make: cf. F. effet, formerly also spelled effect. See Fact.] 1. Execution; performance; realization; operation; as, the law goes into effect in May. That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it. Shak. 2. Manifestation; expression; sign. All the large effects That troop with majesty. Shak. 3. In general: That which is produced by an agent or cause; the event which follows immediately from an antecedent, called the cause; result; consequence; outcome; fruit; as, the effect of luxury. The effect is the unfailing index of the amount of the cause. Whewell. 4. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced. Patchwork . . . introduced for oratorical effect. J. C. Shairp. The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place. W. Irving. 5. Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account; as, to speak with effect. 6. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; -- with to. They spake to her to that effect. 2 Chron. xxxiv. 22. 7. The purport; the sum and substance. "The effect of his intent." Chaucer. 8. Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance. No other in effect than what it seems. Denham. 9. pl. Goods; movables; personal estate; -- sometimes used to embrace real as well as personal property; as, the people escaped from the town with their effects. For effect, for an exaggerated impression or excitement. -- In effect, in fact; in substance. See 8, above. -- Of no effect, Of none effect, To no effect, OR Without effect, destitute of results, validity, force, and the like; vain; fruitless. "Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition." Mark vii. 13. "All my study be to no effect." Shak. -- To give effect to, to make valid; to carry out in practice; to push to its results. -- To take effect, to become operative, to accomplish aims. Shak. Syn. -- Effect, Consequence, Result. These words indicate things which arise out of some antecedent, or follow as a consequent. Effect, which may be regarded as the generic term, denotes that which springs directly from something which can properly be termed a cause. A consequence is more remote, not being strictly caused, nor yet a mere sequence, but following out of and following indirectly, or in the train of events, something on which it truly depends. A result is still more remote and variable, like the rebound of an elastic body which falls in very different directions. We may foresee the effects of a measure, may conjecture its consequences, but can rarely discover its final results. Resolving all events, with their effects And manifold results, into the will And arbitration wise of the Supreme. Cowper. Shun the bitter consequence, for know, The day thou eatest thereof, . . . thou shalt die. Milton. Effect Ef*fect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effected; p. pr. & vb. n. Effecting.] 1. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be. So great a body such exploits to effect. Daniel. 2. To bring to pass; to execute; to enforce; to achieve; to accomplish. To effect that which the divine counsels had decreed. Bp. Hurd. They sailed away without effecting their purpose. Jowett (Th. ). Syn. -- To accomplish; fulfill; achieve; complete; execute; perform; attain. See Accomplish. Effecter Ef*fect"er (?), n. One who effects. Effectible Ef*fect"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being done or achieved; practicable; feasible. Sir T. Browne. Effection Ef*fec"tion (?), n. [L. effectio: cf. F. effection.] Creation; a doing. [R.] Sir M. Hale. Effective Ef*fect"ive (?), a. [L. effectivus: cf. F. effectif.] Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable; operative; as, an effective force, remedy, speech; the effective men in a regiment. They are not effective of anything, nor leave no work behind them. Bacon. Whosoever is an effective, real cause of doing his heighbor wrong, is criminal. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- Efficient; forcible; active; powerful; energetic; competent. See Effectual. Effective Ef*fect"ive, n. 1. That which produces a given effect; a cause. Jer. Taylor. 2. One who is capable of active service. He assembled his army -- 20,000 effectives -- at Corinth. W. P. Johnston. 3. [F. effectif real, effective, real amount.] (Com.) Specie or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; -- a term used in many parts of Europe. Simmonds. Effectively Ef*fect"ive*ly, adv. With effect; powerfully; completely; thoroughly. Effectiveness Ef*fect"ive*ness, n. The quality of being effective. Effectless Ef*fect"less (?), a. Without effect or advantage; useless; bootless. Shak. -- Ef*fect"less*ly, adv. Effector Ef*fect"or (?), n. [L.] An effecter. Derham. Effectual Ef*fec"tu*al (?; 135), a. [See Effect, n.] Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive. Shak. Effectual steps for the suppression of the rebellion. Macaulay. Effectual calling (Theol.), a doctrine concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and acceptance of salvation by Christ, -- one of the five points of Calvinism. See Calvinism. Syn. -- Effectual, Efficacious, Effective. An efficacious remedy is had recourse to, and proves effective if it does decided good, effectual if it does all the good desired. C. J. Smith. Effectually Ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv. 1. With effect; efficaciously. 2. Actually; in effect. [Obs.] Fuller. Effectualness Ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n. The quality of being effectual. Effectuate Ef*fec"tu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effectuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effectuating.] [Cf. F. effectuer. See Effect, n. & v. t.] To bring to pass; to effect; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfill. A fit instrument to effectuate his desire. Sir P. Sidney. In order to effectuate the thorough reform. G. T. Curtis. Effectuation Ef*fec`tu*a"tion (?), n. Act of effectuating. Effectuose, Effectuous Ef*fec"tu*ose` (?), Ef*fec"tu*ous (?), a. Effective. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Effectuously Ef*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv. Effectively. [Obs.] Effeminacy Ef*fem"i*na*cy (?), n.; pl. Effeminacies (#). [From Effeminate.] Characteristic quality of a woman, such as softness, luxuriousness, delicacy, or weakness, which is unbecoming a man; womanish delicacy or softness; -- used reproachfully of men. Milton. Effeminate Ef*fem"i*nate (?), a. [L. effeminatus, p. p. of effeminare to make a woman of; ex out + femina a woman. See Feminine, a.] 1. Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy, luxuriousness, etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; womanish; weak. The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became effeminate, and less sensible of honor. Bacon. An effeminate and unmanly foppery. Bp. Hurd. 2. Womanlike; womanly; tender; -- in a good sense. Gentle, kind, effeminate remorse. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ef feminate an d wo manish ar e ge nerally us ed in a reproachful sense; feminine and womanly, applied to women, are epithets of propriety or commendation. Effeminate Ef*fem"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effeminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effeminating (?).] To make womanish; to make soft and delicate; to weaken. It will not corrupt or effeminate children's minds. Locke. Effeminate Ef*fem"i*nate, v. i. To grow womanish or weak. In a slothful peace both courage will effeminate and manners corrupt. Pope. Effeminately Ef*fem"i*nate*ly (?), adv. 1. In an effeminate or womanish manner; weakly; softly; delicately. "Proud and effeminately gay." Fawkes. 2. By means of a woman; by the power or art of a woman. [R.] "Effeminately vanquished." Milton. Effeminateness Ef*fem"i*nate*ness, n. The state of being effeminate; unmanly softness. Fuller. Effemination Ef*fem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. effeminatio.] Effeminacy; womanishness. [Obs.] Bacon. Effeminize Ef*fem"i*nize (?), v. t. To make effeminate. [Obs.] Effendi Ef*fen"di (?), n. [Turk. efendi, fr. Modern Gr. Authentic.] Master; sir; -- a title of a Turkish state official and man of learning, especially one learned in the law. Efferent Ef"fe*rent (?), a. [L. efferens, -entis, p. pr. of effere to bear out; ex out + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) (a) Conveying outward, or discharging; -- applied to certain blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, etc. (b) Conveyed outward; as, efferent impulses, i. e., such as are conveyed by the motor or efferent nerves from the central nervous organ outwards; -- opposed to afferent. Efferent Ef"fe*rent (?), n. An efferent duct or stream. Efferous Ef"fer*ous (?), a. [L. efferus savage; ex (intens.) + ferus wild.] Like a wild beast; fierce. [Obs.] Effervesce Ef`fer*vesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effervesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effervescing (?).] [L. effervescere; ex + fervescere to begin boiling, incho., fr. fervere to boil. See Fervent.] 1. To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in a gaseous form. 2. To exhibit, in lively natural expression, feelings that can not be repressed or concealed; as, to effervesce with joy or merriment. Effervescence, Effervescency Ef`fer*ves"cence (?), Ef`fer*ves"cen*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. effervescence.] A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which takes place when some part of the mass flies off in a gaseous form, producing innumerable small bubbles; as, the effervescence of a carbonate with citric acid. Effervescent Ef`fer*ves"cent (?), a. [L. effervescences, p. pr. of effervescere: cf. F. effervescent.] Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of gas Effervescible Ef`fer*ves"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of effervescing. Effervescive Ef`fer*ves"cive (?), a. Tending to produce effervescence. "An effervescive force." Hickok. Effet Ef"fet (?), n. [See Eft, n.] (Zo\'94l.) The common newt; -- called also asker, eft, evat, and ewt. Effete Ef*fete" (?), a. [L. effetus that has brought forth, exhausted; ex + fetus that has brought forth. See Fetus.] No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy; incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren; sterile. Effete results from virile efforts. Mrs. Browning If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . . they may seek new ones. Burke. Efficacious Ef`fi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. eficax, -acis, fr. efficere. See Effect, n.] Possessing the quality of being effective; productive of, or powerful to produce, the effect intended; as, an efficacious law. Syn. -- See Effectual. -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n. Efficacity Ef`fi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. efficacitas: cf. F. efficacit\'82.] Efficacy. [R.] J. Fryth. Efficacy Ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. efficacia, fr. efficax. See Efficacious.] Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or force; production of the effect intended; as, the efficacy of medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of prayer. "Of noxious efficacy." Milton. Syn. -- Virtue; force; energy; potency; efficiency. Efficience, Efficiency Ef*fi"cience (?), Ef*fi"cien*cy (?), n. [L. efficientia.] 1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency. The manner of this divine efficiency being far above us. Hooker. 2. (Mech.) The ratio of useful work to energy expended. Rankine. Efficiency of a heat engine, the ratio of the work done an engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it. Efficient Ef*fi"cient (?), a. [L. efficiens, -entis, p. pr. of efficere to effect: cf. F. efficient. See Effect, n.] Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient officer, power. The efficient cause is the working cause. Wilson. Syn. -- Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable; material; potent. _________________________________________________________________ Page 473 Efficient Ef*fi"cient (?), n. An efficient cause; a prime mover. God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an efficient only. Hooker. Efficiently Ef*fi"cient*ly, adv. With effect; effectively. Effierce Ef*fierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- (intens.) + fierce.] To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser. Effigial Ef*fig"i*al (?), a. Relating to an effigy. Effigiate Ef*fig"i*ate (?), v. t. [L. effigiatus, p. p. of effigiare to form, fr. effigies. See Effigy.] To form as an effigy; hence, to fashion; to adapt. [He must] effigiate and conform himself to those circumstances. Jer. Taylor. Effigiation Ef*fig`i*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. effigiatio.] The act of forming in resemblance; an effigy. Fuller. Effigies Ef*fig"i*es (?), n. [L.] See Effigy. Dryden. Effigy Ef"fi*gy (?), n.; pl. Effigies (#). [L. effigies, fr. effingere to form, fashion; ex + fingere to form, shape, devise. See Feign.] The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; -- commonly applied to sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or to those of the heads of princes on coins and medals, sometimes applied to portraits. To burn, OR To hang, in effigy, to burn or to hang an image or picture of a person, as a token of public odium. Efflagitate Ef*flag"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. efflagitatus, p. p. of efflagitare.] To ask urgently. [Obs.] Cockeram. Efflate Ef*flate" (?), v. t. [L. efflatus, p. p. of efflare to blow or breathe out; ex + flare to blow.] To fill with breath; to puff up. Sir T. Herbert. Efflation Ef*fla"tion (?), n. The act of filling with wind; a breathing or puffing out; a puff, as of wind. A soft efflation of celestial fire. Parnell. Effloresce Ef`flo*resce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effloresced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Efflorescing (?).] [L. efflorescere to bloom, blossom; ex + florescere to begin to blossom, incho., fr. florere to blossom, fr. flos a flower. See Flower.] 1. To blossom forth. Carlyle. 2. (Chem.) To change on the surface, or throughout, to a whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder, from a gradual decomposition, esp. from the loss of water, on simple exposure to the air; as, Glauber's salts, and many others, effloresce. 3. To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization, from a slow chemical change between some of the ingredients of the matter covered and an acid proceeding commonly from an external source; as, the walls of limestone caverns sometimes effloresce with nitrate of calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of nitric acid formed in the atmosphere. Efflorescence Ef`flo*res"cence (?), n. [F. efflorescence.] 1. (Bot.) Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of flowers; blowth. 2. (Med.) A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash, measles, smallpox, scarlatina, etc. 3. (Chem.) (a) The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the surface of efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc. (b) The powder or crust thus formed. Efflorescency Ef`flo*res"cen*cy (?), n. The state or quality of being efflorescent; efflorescence. Efflorescent Ef`flo*res"cent (?), a. [F. efflorescent, L. efflorescens, -entis, blooming, p. pr. of efflorescere. See Effloresce, v. i.] 1. That effloresces, or is liable to effloresce on exposure; as, an efflorescent salt. 2. Covered with an efflorescence. Efflower Ef*flow"er (?), v. t. [Cf. F. effleurer.] (Leather Making) To remove the epidermis of (a skin) with a concave knife, blunt in its middle part, -- as in making chamois leather. Effluence Ef"flu*ence (?), n. [Cf. F. effluence.] 1. A flowing out, or emanation. 2. That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue; efflux. Bright effluence of bright essence increate! Milton. And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow. Hawthorne. Effluency Ef"flu*en*cy (?), n. Effluence. Effluent Ef"flu*ent (?), a. [L. effluens, -entis, p. pr. of effluere to flow out; ex + fluere to flow: cf. F. effluent. See Fluent.] Flowing out; as, effluent beams. Parnell. Effluent Ef"flu*ent, n. (Geog.) A stream that flows out of another stream or lake. Effluviable Ef*flu"vi*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being given off as an effluvium. "Effluviable matter." Boyle. Effluvial Ef*flu"vi*al (?), a. Belonging to effluvia. Effluviate Ef*flu"vi*ate (?), v. i. To give forth effluvium. [R.] "An effluviating power." Boyle. Effluvium Ef*flu"vi*um (?), n.; pl. Effluvia (#). [L., a flowing out, fr. effluere to flow out. See Effluent, a.] Subtile or invisible emanation; exhalation perceived by the sense of smell; especially, noisome or noxious exhalation; as, the effluvium from diseased or putrefying bodies, or from ill drainage. Efflux Ef"flux (?), n. [See Effluent, Flux.] 1. The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion; outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer; the efflux of men's piety. It is then that the devout affections . . . are incessantly in efflux. I. Taylor. 2. That which flows out; emanation; effluence. Prime cheerer, light! . . . Efflux divine. Thomson. Efflux Ef*flux" (?), v. i. To run out; to flow forth; to pass away. [Obs.] Boyle. Effluxion Ef*flux"ion (?), n. [From Efflux.] 1. The act of flowing out; effusion. 2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation. Some light effluxions from spirit to spirit. Bacon. Effodient Ef*fo"di*ent (?), a. [L. effodiens, p. pr. of effodere to dig out; ex + fodere to dig.] Digging up. Efforce Ef*force (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Efforced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Efforcing (?).] [OF. esforcier (F. s'efforcer to exert one's self), LL. exforciare; L. ex + fortis strong. See Force.] To force; to constrain; to compel to yield. [Obs.] Spenser. Efform Ef*form" (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + form.] To form; to shape. [Obs.] Efforming their words within their lips. Jer. Taylor. Efformation Ef`for*ma"tion (?), n. The act of giving shape or form. [Obs.] Ray. Effort Ef"fort (?), n. [F. effort, OF. esfort, for esfors, esforz, fr. esforcier. See Efforce.] 1. An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object; more or less strenuous endeavor; struggle directed to the accomplishment of an object; as, an effort to scale a wall. We prize the stronger effort of his power. Pope. 2. (Mech.) A force acting on a body in the direction of its motion. Rankine. Syn. -- Endeavor; exertion; struggle; strain; straining; attempt; trial; essay. See Attempt. Effort Ef"fort, v. t. To stimulate. [Obs.] "He efforted his spirits." Fuller. Effortless Ef"fort*less, a. Making no effort. Southey. Effossion Ef*fos"sion (?), n. [L. effossio. See Effodient.] A digging out or up. [R.] "The effossion of coins." Arbuthnot. Effranchise Ef*fran"chise (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + franchise: cf. OF. esfranchir.] To enfranchise. Effray Ef*fray" (?), v. t. [F. effrayer. See Affray.] To frighten; to scare. [Obs.] Spenser. Effrayable Ef*fray"a*ble (?), a. Frightful. [Obs.] Harvey. Effrenation Ef`fre*na"tion (?), n. [L. effrenatio, fr. effrenare to unbridle; ex + frenum a bridle.] Unbridled license; unruliness. [Obs.] Cockeram. Effront Ef*front" (?), v. t. To give assurance to. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Effrontery Ef*front"er*y (?), n.; pl. Effronteries (#). [F. effronterie, fr. effront\'82 shameless, fr. L. effrons, -ontis, putting forth the forehead, i. e., barefaced, shameless; ex + frons the forehead. See Front.] Impudence or boldness in confronting or in transgressing the bounds of duty or decorum; insulting presumptuousness; shameless boldness; barefaced assurance. Corruption lost nothing of its effrontery. Bancroft. Syn. -- Impudence; sauciness. See Impudence. Effrontit Ef*front"it (?), a. [F. effront\'82.] Marked by impudence. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Effrontuously Ef*fron"tu*ous*ly (?; 135), adv. Impudently. [Obs.] R. North. Effulge Ef*fulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effulging (?).] [L. effulgere to shine forth; ex + fulgere to flash, shine. See Fulgent.] To cause to shine with abundance of light; to radiate; to beam. [R.] His eyes effulging a peculiar fire. Thomson. Effulge Ef*fulge", v. i. To shine forth; to beam. Effulgence Ef*ful"gence (?), n. The state of being effulgent; extreme brilliancy; a flood of light; great luster or brightness; splendor. The effulgence of his glory abides. Milton. The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn. Beattie. Effulgent Ef*ful"gent (?), a. [L. effulgens, -entis, p. pr. of effulgere.] Diffusing a flood of light; shining; luminous; beaming; bright; splendid. "Effulgent rays of light." Cowper. Effulgently Ef*ful"gent*ly, adv. In an effulgent manner. Effumability Ef*fu`ma*bil"i*ty (?), n. The capability of flying off in fumes or vapor. [Obs.] Boyle. Effume Ef*fume" (?), v. t. [L. effumare to emit smoke; ex + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.] To breathe or puff out. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Effund Ef*fund" (?), v. t. [L. effundere. See Effuse.] To pour out. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Effuse Ef*fuse" (?), a. [L. effusus, p. p. of effundere to pour out; ex + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.] 1. Poured out freely; profuse. [Obs.] So should our joy be very effuse. Barrow. 2. Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal. [Obs.] Young. 3. (Bot.) Spreading loosely, especially on one side; as, an effuse inflorescence. Loudon. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading; -- said of certain shells. Effuse Ef*fuse", n. Effusion; loss. "Much effuse of blood." Shak. Effuse Ef*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effusing.] To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to shed. [R.] With gushing blood effused. Milton. Effuse Ef*fuse", v. i. To emanate; to issue. Thomson. Effusion Ef*fu"sion (?), n. [L. effusio: cf. F. effusion.] 1. The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood, of grace, of words, and the like. To save the effusion of my people's blood. Dryden. 2. That which is poured out, literally or figuratively. Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall be whiter than sow. Eikon Basilike. The light effusions of a heedless boy. Byron. 3. (Pathol.) (a) The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel, either by rupture of the vessel, or by exudation through its walls. It may pass into the substance of an organ, or issue upon a free surface. (b) The liquid escaping or exuded. Effusive Ef*fu"sive (?), a. Pouring out; pouring forth freely. "Washed with the effusive wave." Pope. Effusive rocks (Geol.), volcanic rocks, in distinction from so-called intrusive, or plutonic, rocks. -- Ef*fu"sive*ly, adv. -- Ef*fu"sive*ness, n. Efreet Ef"reet (?), n. See Afrit. Eft Eft (?), n. [AS. efete lizard. See Newt.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European lizard of the genus Seps. (b) A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt (Triton punctatus). Eft Eft, adv. [AS. eft, \'91ft, again, back, afterward. See Aft, After.] Again; afterwards; soon; quickly. [Obs.] I wold never eft comen into the snare. Spenser. Eftsoon, Eftsoons Eft*soon" (?), Eft*soons" (?), adv. [OE. eftsone, eftsones; AS. eft + s soon. See Eft, and Soon.] Again; anew; a second time; at once; speedily. [Archaic] And, if he fall from his capel [horse] eftsone. Chaucer. The champion stout eftsoons dismounted. Spenser. Egad E*gad" (?), interj. [Euphemistic corruption of the oath, "by God."] An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc. Egal E"gal (?), a. [F. \'82gal. See Equal.] Equal; impartial. [Obs.] Shak. Egality E*gal"i*ty (?), n. [OE. egalite, F. \'82galit\'82.] Equality. Chaucer. Tennyson. Egean E*ge"an (?), a. See \'92gean. Egence E"gence (?), n. [L. egens, -entis, p. pr. of egere to be needy, suffer want.] The state of needing, or of suffering a natural want. [R.] J. Grote. Eger, Egre E"ger (?), E"gre, a. [See Eager.] Sharp; bitter; acid; sour. [Obs.] The egre words of thy friend. Chaucer. Eger E"ger, n. An impetuous flood; a bore. See Eagre. Egerminate E*ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [From L. egerminare to sprout.] To germinate. [Obs.] Egest E*gest" (?), v. t. [L. egestus, p. p. of egerere to carry out, to discharge; e out + gerere to carry.] (Physiol.) To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement; to excrete, as the indigestible matter of the food; in an extended sense, to excrete by the lungs, skin, or kidneys. Egesta E*ges"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from p. p. of L. egere. See Egest.] (Physiol.) That which is egested or thrown off from the body by the various excretory channels; excrements; -- opposed to ingesta. Egestion E*ges"tion (?), n. [L. egestio.] Act or process of egesting; a voiding. Sir M. Hale. Egg Egg (?), n. [OE., fr. Icel. egg; akin to AS. \'91g (whence OE. ey), Sw. \'84gg, Dan. \'91g, G. & D. ei, and prob. to OSlav. aje, jaje, L. ovum, Gr. ugh, Gael. ubh, and perh. to L. avis bird. Cf. Oval.] 1. (Popularly) The oval or roundish body laid by domestic poultry and other birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a yolk, usually surrounded by the "white" or albumen, and inclosed in a shell or strong membrane. 2. (Biol.) A simple cell, from the development of which the young of animals are formed; ovum; germ cell. 3. Anything resembling an egg in form. NOTE: &hand; Eg g is us ed ad jectively, or as the first part of self-explaining compounds; as, egg beater or egg-beater, egg case, egg ladle, egg-shaped, etc. Egg and anchor (Arch.), an egg-shaped ornament, alternating with another in the form of a dart, used to enrich the ovolo; -- called also egg and dart, and egg and tongue. See Anchor, n., 5. Ogilvie. -- Egg cleavage (Biol.), a process of cleavage or segmentation, by which the egg undergoes endogenous division with formation of a mass of nearly similar cells, from the growth and differentiation of which the new organism is ultimately formed. See Segmentation of the ovum, under Segmentation. -- Egg development (Biol.), the process of the development of an egg, by which the embryo is formed. -- Egg mite (Zo\'94l.), any mite which devours the eggs of insects, as Nothrus ovivorus, which destroys those of the canker worm. -- Egg parasite (Zo\'94l.), any small hymenopterous insect, which, in the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other insects. Many genera and species are known. Egg Egg, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egging (?).] [OE. eggen, Icel. eggja, fr. egg edge. Edge.] To urge on; to instigate; to incite Adam and Eve he egged to ill. Piers Plowman. [She] did egg him on to tell How fair she was. Warner. Eggar Eg"gar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bombycid moth of the genera Eriogaster and Lasiocampa; as, the oak eggar (L. roboris) of Europe. Egg-bird Egg"-bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of tern, esp. the sooty tern (Sterna fuliginosa) of the West Indies. In the Bahama Islands the name is applied to the tropic bird, Pha\'89thon flavirostris. Egg-cup Egg"-cup` (?), n. A cup used for holding an egg, at table. Eggement Eg"ge*ment (?), n. [Egg, v. t. + -ment.] Instigation; incitement. [Obs.] Chaucer. Egger Egg"er (?), n. [See Egg, n.] One who gathers eggs; an eggler. Egger Egg"er, n. [See Egg, v. t.] One who eggs or incites. Eggery Egg"er*y (?), n. A place where eggs are deposited (as by sea birds) or kept; a nest of eggs. [R.] Egg-glass Egg"-glass` (?), n. A small sandglass, running about three minutes, for marking time in boiling eggs; also, a small glass for holding an egg, at table. Egghot Egg"hot` (?), n. A kind of posset made of eggs, brandy, sugar, and ale. Lamb. Eggler Egg"ler (?), n. One who gathers, or deals in, eggs. Eggnog Egg`nog" (?), n. A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and (usually) wine or spirits. Eggplant Egg"plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Solanum Melongena), of East Indian origin, allied to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple. _________________________________________________________________ Page 474 Egg-shaped Egg"-shaped` (?), a. Resembling an egg in form; ovoid. Eggshell Egg"shell` (?), n. 1. The shell or exterior covering of an egg. Also used figuratively for anything resembling an eggshell. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A smooth, white, marine, gastropod shell of the genus Ovulum, resembling an egg in form. Egg squash Egg" squash` (?). A variety of squash with small egg-shaped fruit. Eghen E"ghen (?), n. pl. Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Egilopical Eg`i*lop"ic*al (?), a. [See \'92gilops.] (Med.) Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an \'91gilops, or tumor in the corner of the eye. Egilops Eg"i*lops (?), n. See \'92gilops. Eglandulose; 135, Eglandulous E*glan"du*lose` (?; 135), E*glan"du*lous (?), a. [Pref. e- + glandulose, glandulosus.] Destitute of glands. Eglantine Eg"lan*tine (?), n. [F. \'82glantine, fr. OF. aiglent brier, hip tree, fr. (assumed) LL. acuculentus, fr. a dim. of L. acus needle; cf. F. aiguille needle. Cf. Aglet.] (Bot.) (a) A species of rose (Rosa Eglanteria), with fragrant foliage and flowers of various colors. (b) The sweetbrier (R. rubiginosa). NOTE: &hand; Mi lton, in the following lines, has applied the name to some twinning plant, perhaps the honeysuckle. Through the sweetbrier, or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine. L'Allegro, 47. "In our early writers and in Gerarde and the herbalists, it was a shrub with white flowers." Dr. Prior. Eglatere Eg"la*tere (?), n. Eglantine. [Obs. or R.] [Written also eglantere.] Tennyson. Egling Eg"ling (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European perch when two years old. [Prov. Eng.] Eglomerate E*glom"er*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. e- + glomerate.] To unwind, as a thread from a ball. [R.] Ego E"go (?), n. [L., I.] (Met.) The conscious and permanent subject of all psychical experiences, whether held to be directly known or the product of reflective thought; -- opposed to non-ego. Egoical E*go"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to egoism. [R.] Egoism E"go*ism (?), n. [F. \'82go\'8bsme, fr. L. -ego I. See I, and cf. Egotism.] 1. (Philos.) The doctrine of certain extreme adherents or disciples of Descartes and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, which finds all the elements of knowledge in the ego and the relations which it implies or provides for. 2. Excessive love and thought of self; the habit of regarding one's self as the center of every interest; selfishness; -- opposed to altruism. Egoist E"go*ist, n. [F. \'82go\'8bste. See Egoism.] 1. One given overmuch to egoism or thoughts of self. I, dullard egoist, taking no special recognition of such nobleness. Carlyle. 2. (Philos.) A believer in egoism. Egoistic, Egoistical E`go*is"tic (?), E`go*is"tic*al (?), a. Pertaining to egoism; imbued with egoism or excessive thoughts of self; self-loving. Ill-natured feeling, or egoistic pleasure in making men miserable. G. Eliot. Egoistically E`go*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In an egoistic manner. Egoity E*go"i*ty (?), n. Personality. [R.] Swift. Egomism E"go*mism (?), n. Egoism. [R.] A. Baxter. Egophonic E`go*phon"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or resembling, egophony. Egophony E*goph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The sound of a patient's voice so modified as to resemble the bleating of a goat, heard on applying the ear to the chest in certain diseases within its cavity, as in pleurisy with effusion. Egotheism E"go*the`ism (?), n. [Gr. The deification of self. [R.] Egotism E"go*tism (?; 277), n. [L. ego I + ending -tism for -ism, prob. influenced by other English words in -tism fr. the Greek, where t is not part of the ending, as baptism. See Egoism.] The practice of too frequently using the word I; hence, a speaking or writing overmuch of one's self; self-exaltation; self-praise; the act or practice of magnifying one's self or parading one's own doings. The word is also used in the sense of egoism. His excessive egotism, which filled all objects with himself. Hazlitt. Syn. -- Egotism, Self-conceit, Vanity, Egoism. Self-conceit is an overweening opinion of one's talents, capacity, attractions, etc.; egotism is the acting out of self-conceit, or self-importance, in words and exterior conduct; vanity is inflation of mind arising from the idea of being thought highly of by others. It shows itself by its eagerness to catch the notice of others. Egoism is a state in which the feelings are concentrated on one's self. Its expression is egotism. Egotist E"go*tist (?), n. [L. ego I + ending -tist for -ist. See Egotism, and cf. Egoist.] One addicted to egotism; one who speaks much of himself or magnifies his own achievements or affairs. Egotistic, Egotistical E`go*tis"tic (?), E`go*tis"tic*al (?), a. Addicted to, or manifesting, egotism. Syn. -- Conceited; vain; self-important; opinionated. Egotistically E`go*tis"tic*al*ly, adv. With egotism. Egotize E"go*tize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Egotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egotizing (?).] [See Egotism.] To talk or write as an egotist. Cowper. Egranulose E*gran"u*lose` (?), a. [Pref. e- + granule.] (Bot.) Having no granules, as chlorophyll in certain conditions. R. Brown. Egre E"gre (?), a. & n. See Eager, and Eagre. [Obs.] Egregious E*gre"gious (?; 277), a. [L. egregius; lit., separated or chosen from the herd, i. e., distinguished, excellent; e out + grex, gregis, herd. See Gregarious.] Surpassing; extraordinary; distinguished (in a bad sense); -- formerly used with words importing a good quality, but now joined with words having a bad sense; as, an egregious rascal; an egregious ass; an egregious mistake. The egregious impudence of this fellow. Bp. Hall. His [Wyclif's] egregious labors are not to be neglected. Milton. Egregiously E*gre"gious*ly (?), adv. Greatly; enormously; shamefully; as, egregiously cheated. Egregiousness E*gre"gious*ness (?; 277), n. The state of being egregious. Egremoin Eg"re*moin (?), n. [See Agrimony.] Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupatoria). [Obs.] Chaucer. Egress E"gress (?), n. [L. egressus, fr. egredi to go out; e out + gradi to go. See Grade.] 1. The act of going out or leaving, or the power to leave; departure. Embarred from all egress and regress. Holland. Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress. Milton. 2. (Astron.) The passing off from the sun's disk of an inferior planet, in a transit. Egress E*gress" (?), v. i. To go out; to depart; to leave. Egression E*gres"sion (?), n. [L. egressio.] The act of going; egress. [R.] B. Jonson. Egressor E*gress"or (?), n. One who goes out. [R.] Egret E"gret (?), n. [See Aigret, Heron.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the American egret (Ardea, OR Herodias, egretta); the great egret (A. alba); the little egret (A. garzetta), of Europe; and the American snowy egret (A. candidissima). A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage. G. W. Cable. 2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette. 3. (Bot.) The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the down of the thistle. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of ape. Egrette E*grette" (?), n. [See Aigrette.] Same as Egret, n., 2. Egrimony Eg"ri*mo*ny (?), [Corrupted fr. agrimony.] (Bot.) The herb agrimony. [Obs.] Egrimony Eg"ri*mo*ny, n. [L. aegrimonia.] Sorrow. [Obs.] Egriot E"gri*ot (?), n. [F. aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote; cf. aigre sour.] A kind of sour cherry. Bacon. Egritude E"gri*tude (?), n. [L. aegritudo, fr. aeger sick.] Sickness; ailment; sorrow. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Egyptian E*gyp"tian (?), a. [L. Aegyptius, Gr. Aegyptus) Egypt: cf. F. \'82gyptien. Cf. Gypsy.] Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa. Egyptian bean. (Bot.) (a) The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (Nelumbium speciosum), somewhat resembling the water lily. (b) See under Bean, 1. -- Egyptian cross. See Illust. (No. 6) of Cross. -- Egyptian thorn (Bot.), a medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic. Egyptian E*gyp"tian, n. 1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language. 2. A gypsy. [Obs.] Shak. Egyptize E"gypt*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egyptized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egyptizing (?).] To give an Egyptian character or appearance to. Fairbairn. Egyptologer, Egyptologist E`gyp*tol"o*ger (?), E`gyp*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in the antiquities of Egypt; a student of Egyptology. Egyptological E*gyp`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or devoted to, Egyptology. Egyptology E`gyp*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Egypt + -logy.] The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the hieroglyphics. Eh Eh (?), interj. [OE. ei, ey.] An expression of inquiry or slight surprise. Ehlite Eh"lite (?), n. [From Ehl near Linz, where it occurs.] (Min.) A mineral of a green color and pearly luster; a hydrous phosphate of copper. Eider Ei"der (?), n. [Of Scand. origin, cf. Icel \'91; akin to Sw. eider, Dan. ederfugl.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of sea duck of the genus Somateria, esp. Somateria mollissima, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is an article of commerce; -- called also eider duck. The American eider (S. Dresseri), the king eider (S. spectabilis), and the spectacled eider (Arctonetta Fischeri) are related species. Eider down. [Cf. Icel. \'91\'ebard\'d4n, Sw. eiderd\'d4n, Dan. ederduun.] Down of the eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury. Eidograph Ei"do*graph (?), n. [Gr. graph.] An instrument for copying drawings on the same or a different scale; a form of the pantograph. Eidolon Ei*do"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Idol.] An image or representation; a form; a phantom; an apparition. Sir W. Scott. Eigh Eigh (?), interj. An exclamation expressing delight. Eight Eight (?), n. [See Ait.] An island in a river; an ait. [Obs.] "Osiers on their eights." Evelyn. Eight Eight, a. [AS. eahta; akin to OS. ahto, OFries. achta, D. & G. acht, OHG. ahto, Icel. \'betta, Sw. \'86tta, Dan. otte, Goth. ahtau, Lith. aszt, Ir. & Gael. ochd, W. wyth, Armor. eich, eiz, L. octo, Gr. ash. Octave.] Seven and one; as, eight years. Eight Eight (?), n. 1. The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects. 2. A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii. Eighteen Eight"een` (?), a. [AS. eahtat, eahtat. See Eight, and Ten, and cf. Eighty.] Eight and ten; as, eighteen pounds. Eighteen Eight"een`, n. 1. The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen units or objects. 2. A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii. Eighteenmo Eight`een"mo (?), a. & n. See Octodecimo. Eighteenth Eight"eenth` (?), a. [From Eighteen.] 1. Next in order after the seventeenth. 2. Consisting of one of eighteen equal parts or divisions of a thing. Eighteenth Eight"eenth`, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eighteen; one of eighteen equal parts or divisions. 2. The eighth after the tenth. Eightetethe Eight"e*teth`e (?), a. [OE., fr. AS. eahtate\'a2; eahta eight + te\'a2 tenth. Cf. Eighteenth, Tenth.] Eighteenth. [Obs.] Eightfold Eight"fold` (?), a. Eight times a quantity. Eighth Eighth (?), a. [AS. eahto.] 1. Next in order after the seventh. 2. Consisting of one of eight equal divisions of a thing. Eighth note (Mus.), the eighth part of a whole note, or semibreve; a quaver. Eighth Eighth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eight; one of eight equal parts; an eighth part. 2. (Mus.) The interval of an octave. Eighthly Eighth"ly, adv. As the eighth in order. Eightieth Eight"i*eth (?), a. [From Eighty.] 1. The next in order after seventy-ninth. 2. Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions. Eightieth Eight"i*eth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal parts. Eightling Eight"ling (?), n. [Eight + -ling.] (Crystallog.) A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals. Eightscore Eight"score` (?), a. & n. Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty. Eighty Eight"y (?), a. [AS. eahtatig, where the ending -tig is akin to English ten; cf. G. achtzig. See Eight, and Ten.] Eight times ten; fourscore. Eighty Eight"y, n. 1. The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects. 2. A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times repeated, as 80 or lxxx. Eigne Eigne (?), a. [OF. aisn\'82, ainsn\'82, F. a\'8cn\'82, fr. L. ante natus born before. Cf. Esnecy.] 1. (Law) Eldest; firstborn. Blackstone. 2. Entailed; belonging to the eldest son. [Obs.] Bastard eigne, a bastard eldest son whose parents afterwards intermarry. Eiking Eik"ing (?), n. (Naut.) See Eking. Eikon Ei"kon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. An image or effigy; -- used rather in an abstract sense, and rarely for a work of art. Eikosane Ei"ko*sane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A solid hydrocarbon, C20H42, of the paraffine series, of artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum. Eikosylene Ei*kos"y*lene (?), n. [Gr. ylene.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal. Eild Eild (?), n. [See Eld.] Age. [Obs.] Fairfax. Eire Eire (?), n. Air. [Obs.] Chaucer. Eirenarch Ei`re*narch (?), n. [See Irenarch.] (Gr. Antiq.) A justice of the peace; irenarch. Eirenic Ei*ren"ic (?), a. Pacific. See Irenic. Eirie Ei"rie (?), n. See Aerie, and Eyrie. Eisel Ei"sel (?), n. [OF. aisil, aissil, fr. L. acet. Cf. Acetic.] Vinegar; verjuice. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Eisteddfod Eis*tedd"fod (?), n. [W., session, fr. eistedd to sit.] Am assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, -- being a patriotic revival of the old custom. Either Ei"ther (?; 277), a. & pron. [OE. either, aither, AS. , (akin to OHG. , MHG. iegeweder); \'be + ge + hw\'91 whether. See Each, and Whether, and cf. Or, conj.] 1. One of two; the one or the other; -- properly used of two things, but sometimes of a larger number, for any one. Lepidus flatters both, Of both is flattered; but he neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak. Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three. Bacon. There have been three talkers in Great British, either of whom would illustrate what I say about dogmatists. Holmes. 2. Each of two; the one and the other; both; -- formerly, also, each of any number. His flowing hair In curls on either cheek played. Milton. On either side . . . was there the tree of life. Rev. xxii. 2. The extreme right and left of either army never engaged. Jowett (Thucyd). Either Ei"ther, conj. Either precedes two, or more, co\'94rdinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or. Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth. 1 Kings xviii. 27. Few writers hesitate to use either in what is called a triple alternative; such as, We must either stay where we are, proceed, or recede. Latham. NOTE: &hand; Ei ther wa s fo rmerly so metimes us ed wi thout an y correlation, and where we should now use or. Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs?? James iii. 12. Ejaculate E*jac"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejaculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ejaculating.] [L. ejaculatus, p. p. of ejaculari to throw out; e out + ejaculari to throw, fr. jaculum javelin, dart, fr. jacere to throw. See Eject.] 1. To throw out suddenly and swiftly, as if a dart; to dart; to eject. [Archaic or Technical] Its active rays ejaculated thence. Blackmore. _________________________________________________________________ Page 475 2. To throw out, as an exclamation; to utter by a brief and sudden impulse; as, to ejaculate a prayer. Ejaculate E*jac"u*late (?), v. i. To utter ejaculations; to make short and hasty exclamations. [R.] "Ejaculating to himself." Sir W. Scott. Ejaculation E*jac`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82jaculation.] 1. The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and rapid flight. [Archaic or Technical] "An ejaculation or irradiation of the eye." Bacon. 2. The uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer, or the exclamation or prayer uttered. In your dressing, let there be jaculations fitted to the several actions of dressing. Jer. Taylor. 3. (Physiol.) The act of ejecting or suddenly throwing, as a fluid from a duct. Ejaculator E*jac"u*la`tor (?), n. [NL. See Ejaculate.] (Anat.) A muscle which helps ejaculation. Ejaculatory E*jac"u*la*to*ry (?), a. 1. Casting or throwing out; fitted to eject; as, ejaculatory vessels. 2. Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; as, an ejaculatory prayer or petition. 3. Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] "Ejaculatory repentances, that take us by fits and starts." L'Estrange. Eject E*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejected; p. pr. & vb. n. Ejecting.] [L. ejectus, p. p. of ejicere; e out + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] 1. To expel; to dismiss; to cast forth; to thrust or drive out; to discharge; as, to eject a person from a room; to eject a traitor from the country; to eject words from the language. "Eyes ejecting flame." H. Brooke. 2. (Law) To cast out; to evict; to dispossess; as, to eject tenants from an estate. Syn. -- To expel; banish; drive out; discharge; oust; evict; dislodge; extrude; void. Ejection E*jec"tion (?), n. [L. ejectio: cf. F. \'82jection.] 1. The act of ejecting or casting out; discharge; expulsion; evacuation. "Vast ejection of ashes." Eustace. "The ejection of a word." Johnson. 2. (Physiol.) The act or process of discharging anything from the body, particularly the excretions. 3. The state of being ejected or cast out; dispossession; banishment. Ejectment E*ject"ment (?), n. 1. A casting out; a dispossession; an expulsion; ejection; as, the ejectment of tenants from their homes. 2. (Law) A species of mixed action, which lies for the recovery of possession of real property, and damages and costs for the wrongful withholding of it. Wharton. Ejector E*ject"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses. 2. (Mech.) A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air from a space. Ejector condenser (Steam Engine), a condenser in which the vacuum is maintained by a jet pump. Ejoo E"joo (?), n. [Malay \'c6j or h\'c6j.] Gomuti fiber. See Gomuti. Ejulation Ej`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. ejulatio, fr. ejulare to wail, lament.] A wailing; lamentation. [Obs.] "Ejulation in the pangs of death." Philips. Ekabor, Ekaboron Ek"a*bor` (?), Ek"a*bo"ron (?), n. [G., fr. Skr. one + G. bor, boron, E. boron.] (Chem.) The name given by Mendelejeff in accordance with the periodic law, and by prediction, to a hypothetical element then unknown, but since discovered and named scandium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the boron group. See Scandium. Ekaluminium Ek*al`u*min"i*um (?), n. [Skr. one + E. aluminium.] (Chem.) The name given to a hypothetical element, -- later discovered and called gallium. See Gallium, and cf. Ekabor. Ekasilicon Ek`a*sil"i*con (?), n. [Skr. one + E. silicon.] (Chem.) The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards discovered and named germanium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the silicon group. See Germanium, and cf. Ekkabor. Eke Eke (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eking.] [AS. \'c7kan, \'dfkan; akin to OFries, \'beka, OS. , OHG. ouhh\'d3n to add, Icel. auka to increase, Sw. \'94ka, Dan. \'94ge, Goth. aukan, L. augere, Skr. strength, ugra mighty, and probably to English wax, v. i. Cf. Augment, Nickname.] To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a scanty supply of one kind with some other. "To eke my pain." Spenser. He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds. Macaulay. Eke Eke, adv. [AS. e\'a0c; akin to OFries. \'a0k, OS. , D. , OHG. ouh, G. auch, Icel. auk, Sw. och and, Dan. og, Goth. auk for, but. Prob. from the preceding verb.] In addition; also; likewise. [Obs. or Archaic] 'T will be prodigious hard to prove That this is eke the throne of love. Prior. A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper. NOTE: &hand; Ek e se rves le ss to unite than to render prominent a subjoined more important sentence or notion. M\'84tzner. Eke Eke, n. An addition. [R.] Clumsy ekes that may well be spared. Geddes. Ekebergite Ek"e*berg`ite (?), n. [From Ekeberg, a German.] (Min.) A variety of scapolite. Ekename Eke"name` (?), n. [See Nickname.] An additional or epithet name; a nickname. [Obs.] Eking Ek"ing (?), n. [From Eke, v. t.] (Shipbuilding) (a) A lengthening or filling piece to make good a deficiency in length. (b) The carved work under the quarter piece at the aft part of the quarter gallery. [Written also eiking.] E-la E"-la` (?), n. Originally, the highest note in the scale of Guido; hence, proverbially, any extravagant saying. "Why, this is above E-la!" Beau. & Fl. Elaborate E*lab"o*rate (?), a. [L. elaboratus, p. p. of elaborare to work out; e out + laborare to labor, labor labor. See Labor.] Wrought with labor; finished with great care; studied; executed with exactness or painstaking; as, an elaborate discourse; an elaborate performance; elaborate research. Drawn to the life in each elaborate page. Waller. Syn. -- Labored; complicated; studied; perfected; high-wrought. -- E*lab"o*rate*ly, adv. -- E*lab"o*rate*ness, n. Elaborate E*lab"o*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elaborated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elaborating (?).] 1. To produce with labor They in full joy elaborate a sigh, Young. 2. To perfect with painstaking; to improve or refine with labor and study, or by successive operations; as, to elaborate a painting or a literary work. The sap is . . . still more elaborated and exalted as it circulates through the vessels of the plant. Arbuthnot. Elaboration E*lab`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. elaboratio: cf. F. \'82laboration.] 1. The act or process of producing or refining with labor; improvement by successive operations; refinement. 2. (Physiol.) The natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by the living organs in animals and vegetables, by which a crude substance is changed into something of a higher order; as, the elaboration of food into chyme; the elaboration of chyle, or sap, or tissues. Elaborative E*lab"o*ra*tive (?), a. Serving or tending to elaborate; constructing with labor and minute attention to details. Elaborative faculty (Metaph.), the intellectual power of discerning relations and of viewing objects by means of, or in, relations; the discursive faculty; thought. Elaborator E*lab"o*ra`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, elaborates. Elaboratory E*lab"o*ra*to*ry (?), a. Tending to elaborate. Elaboratory E*lab"o*ra*to*ry, n. A laboratory. [Obs.] El\'91agnus E`l\'91*ag"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs or small trees, having the foliage covered with small silvery scales; oleaster. El\'91is E*l\'91"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of palms. NOTE: &hand; El \'91is Gu ineensis, the African oil palm, is a tree twenty or thirty feet high, with immense pinnate leaves and large masses of fruit. The berries are rather larger than olives, and when boiled in water yield the orange-red palm oil. El\'91olite E*l\'91"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A variety of hephelite, usually massive, of greasy luster, and gray to reddish color. El\'91olite syenite, a kind of syenite characterized by the presence of el\'91olite. El\'91optene E`l\'91*op"tene (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) The more liquid or volatile portion of certain oily substance, as distinguished from stearoptene, the more solid parts. [Written also elaoptene.] Elaidate E*la"i*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of elaidic acid. Elaidic E`la*id"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82la\'8bdique. See Elaine.] Relating to oleic acid, or elaine. Elaidic acid (Chem.), a fatty acid isomeric with oleic acid, and obtained from it by the action of nitrous acid. Elaidin E*la"i*din (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82la\'8bdine.] (Chem.) A solid isomeric modification of olein. Elaine, OR Elain E*la"ine (?), OR E*la"in, n. [Gr. \'82la\'8bne.] (Chem.) Same as Olein. Elaiodic E`lai*od"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Derived from castor oil; ricinoleic; as, elaiodic acid. [R.] Elaiometer E`lai*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.) An apparatus for determining the amount of oil contained in any substance, or for ascertaining the degree of purity of oil. Elamite E"lam*ite (?), n. A dweller in Flam (or Susiana), an ancient kingdom of Southwestern Asia, afterwards a province of Persia. Elamping E*lamp"ing (?), a. [See Lamp.] Shining. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. (?), b. [F., fr. \'82lancer to dart.] Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm. Elance E*lance" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elancing (?).] [F. \'82lancer, OF. eslancier; pref. es- (L. ex) + F. lancer to dart, throw, fr. lance.] To throw as a lance; to hurl; to dart. [R.] While thy unerring hand elanced . . . a dart. Prior. Eland E"land (?), n. [D. eland elk, of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. jelen stag, Russ. ol\'82ne, Lith. elnis; perh. akin to E. elk.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A species of large South African antelope (Oreas canna). It is valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; -- called also Cape elk. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The elk or moose. Elanet E*la"net (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A kite of the genus Elanus. Elaolite E*la"o*lite (?), n. (Min.) See El\'91olite. Elaoptene E`la*op"tene (?), n. (Chem.) See El\'91optene. Elaphine El"a*phine (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, resembling, or characteristic of, the stag, or Cervus elaphus. Elaphure El"a*phure (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of deer (Elaphurus Davidianus) found in china. It about four feet high at the shoulder and has peculiar antlers. Elapidation E*lap`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. elapidatus cleared from stones; e out + lapis stone.] A clearing away of stones. [R.] Elapine El"a*pine (?), a. [See Elaps.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the Elapid\'91, a family of poisonous serpents, including the cobras. See Ophidia. Elaps E"laps (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of venomous snakes found both in America and the Old World. Many species are known. See Coral snake, under Coral. Elapse E*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Elapsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elapsing.] [L. elapsus, p. p. of elabi to glide away; e out + labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.] To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; -- used chiefly in reference to time. Eight days elapsed; at length a pilgrim came. Hoole. Elapsion E*lap"sion (?), n. The act of elapsing. [R.] Elaqueate E*la"que*ate (?), v. t. [L. elaqueatus, p. p. of elaqueare to unfetter.] To disentangle. [R.] Elasipoda El`a*sip"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of holothurians mostly found in the deep sea. They are remarkable for their bilateral symmetry and curious forms. [Written also Elasmopoda.] Elasmobranch E*las"mo*branch (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Elasmobranchii. -- n. One of the Elasmobranchii. Elasmobranchiate E*las`mo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Elasmobranchii. -- n. One of the Elasmobranchii. Elasmobranchii E*las`mo*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. branchia a gill.] (Zo\'94l.) A subclass of fishes, comprising the sharks, the rays, and the Chim\'91ra. The skeleton is mainly cartilaginous. Elasmosaurus E*las`mo*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct, long-necked, marine, cretaceous reptile from Kansas, allied to Plesiosaurus. Elastic E*las"tic (?), a. [Formed fr. Gr. alacer lively, brisk, and E. alacrity: cf. F. \'82lastique.] 1. Springing back; having a power or inherent property of returning to the form from which a substance is bent, drawn, pressed, or twisted; springy; having the power of rebounding; as, a bow is elastic; the air is elastic; India rubber is elastic. Capable of being drawn out by force like a piece of elastic gum, and by its own elasticity returning, when the force is removed, to its former position. Paley. 2. Able to return quickly to a former state or condition, after being depressed or overtaxed; having power to recover easily from shocks and trials; as, elastic spirits; an elastic constitution. Elastic bitumen. (Min.) See Elaterite. -- Elastic curve. (a) (Geom.) The curve made by a thin elastic rod fixed horizontally at one end and loaded at the other. (b) (Mech.) The figure assumed by the longitudinal axis of an originally straight bar under any system of bending forces. Rankine. -- Elastic fluids, those which have the property of expanding in all directions on the removal of external pressure, as the air, steam, and other gases and vapors. -- Elastic limit (Mech.), the limit of distortion, by bending, stretching, etc., that a body can undergo and yet return to its original form when relieved from stress; also, the unit force or stress required to produce this distortion. Within the elastic limit the distortion is directly proportional to the stress producing it. -- Elastic tissue (Anat.), a variety of connective tissue consisting of a network of slender and very elastic fibers which are but slightly affected by acids or alkalies. -- Gum elastic, caoutchouc. Elastic E*las"tic, n. An elastic woven fabric, as a belt, braces or suspenders, etc., made in part of India rubber. [Colloq.] Elastical E*las"tic*al (?), a. Elastic. [R.] Bentley. Elastically E*las"tic*al*ly, adv. In an elastic manner; by an elastic power; with a spring. Elasticity E`las*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lasticit\'82.] 1. The quality of being elastic; the inherent property in bodies by which they recover their former figure or dimensions, after the removal of external pressure or altering force; springiness; tendency to rebound; as, the elasticity of caoutchouc; the elasticity of the air. 2. Power of resistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork. Coefficient of elasticity, the quotient of a stress (of a given kind), by the strain (of a given kind) which it produces; -- called also coefficient of resistance. -- Surface of elasticity (Geom.), the pedal surface of an ellipsoid (see Pedal); a surface used in explaining the phenomena of double refraction and their relation to the elastic force of the luminous ether in crystalline media. Elasticness E*las"tic*ness (?), n. The quality of being elastic; elasticity. Elastin E*las"tin (?), n. [Elastic + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, somewhat resembling albumin, which forms the chemical basis of elastic tissue. It is very insoluble in most fluids, but is gradually dissolved when digested with either pepsin or trypsin. Elate E*late" (?), a. [L. elatus elevated, fig., elated, proud (the figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); e out + latus (used as p. p. of ferre to bear), for tlatus, and akin to E. tolerate. See Tolerate, and cf. Extol.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 476 1. Lifted up; raised; elevated. With upper lip elate. Fenton. And sovereign law, that State's collected will, O'er thrones and globes, elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones. 2. Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed or exalted with confidence; elated; exultant. O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate, Too soon dejected, and dejected, and too soon elate. Pope. Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem, wonderfully elate at its progress. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. Syn. -- Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited; transported; delighted; overjoyed. Elate E*late" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elated; p. pr. & vb. n. Elating.] 1. To raise; to exalt. [R.] By the potent sun elated high. Thomson. 2. To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or exultation; to elevate or flush with success; to puff up; to make proud. Foolishly elated by spiritual pride. Warburton. You ought not be elated at the chance mishaps of your enemies. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Elatedly E*lat"ed*ly (?), adv. With elation. Elatedness E*lat"ed*ness, n. The state of being elated. Elater E*lat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, elates. Elater El"a*ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. (Bot.) An elastic spiral filament for dispersing the spores, as in some liverworts. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any beetle of the family Elaterid\'91, having the habit, when laid on the back, of giving a sudden upward spring, by a quick movement of the articulation between the abdomen and thorax; -- called also click beetle, spring beetle, and snapping beetle. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The caudal spring used by Podura and related insects for leaping. See Collembola. Elater El"a*ter (?), n. (Chem.) The active principle of elaterium, being found in the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly Motordica Elaterium) and other related species. It is extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance, which is a violent purgative. Elaterite El"a*ter*ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral resin, of a blackish brown color, occurring in soft, flexible masses; -- called also mineral caoutchouc, and elastic bitumen. Elaterium El`a*te"ri*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Elater.] A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly called Momordica Elaterium). Elaterometer El`a*ter*om"e*ter (?), n. Same as Elatrometer. Elatery El"a*ter*y (?), n. [See 2d Elater.] Acting force; elasticity. [Obs.] Ray. Elation E*la"tion (?), n. [L. elatio. See Elate.] A lifting up by success; exaltation; inriation with pride of prosperity. "Felt the elation of triumph." Sir W. Scott. Elative E*la"tive (?), a. (Gram.) Raised; lifted up; -- a term applied to what is also called the absolute superlative, denoting a high or intense degree of a quality, but not excluding the idea that an equal degree may exist in other cases. Elatrometer El`a*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of rarefaction of air contained in the receiver of an air pump. [Spelt also elaterometer.] Elayl E*la"yl (?), n. [Gr. yl.] (Chem.) Olefiant gas or ethylene; -- so called by Berzelius from its forming an oil combining with chlorine. [Written also elayle.] See Ethylene. Elbow El"bow (?), n. [AS. elboga, elnboga (akin to D. elleboga, OHG. elinbogo, G. ellbogen, ellenbogen, Icel. ; prop.; arm-bend); eln ell (orig., forearm) + boga a bending. See 1st Ell, and 4th Bow.] 1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the arm when bent. Her arms to the elbows naked. R. of Gloucester. 2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent. 3. (Arch.) A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or other woodwork; the upright sides which flank any paneled work, as the sides of windows, where the jamb makes an elbow with the window back. Gwilt. NOTE: &hand; Elbow is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to denote something shaped like, or acting like, an elbow; as, elbow joint; elbow tongs or elbow-tongs; elbowroom, elbow-room, or elbow room. At the elbow, very near; at hand. -- Elbow grease, energetic application of force in manual labor. [Low] -- Elbow in the hawse (Naut.), the twisting together of two cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by swinging completely round once. Totten. -- Elbow scissors (Surg.), scissors bent in the blade or shank for convenience in cutting. Knight. -- Out at elbow, with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby; in needy circumstances. Elbow El"bow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elbowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elbowing.] To push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another. They [the Dutch] would elbow our own aldermen off the Royal Exchange. Macaulay. To elbow one's way, to force one's way by pushing with the elbows; as, to elbow one's way through a crowd. Elbow El"bow (?), v. i. 1. To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the manner of an elbow. 2. To push rudely along; to elbow one's way. "Purseproud, elbowing Insolence." Grainger. Elbowboard El"bow*board` (?), n. The base of a window casing, on which the elbows may rest. Elbowchair El"bow*chair` (?), n. A chair with arms to support the elbows; an armchair. Addison. Elbowroom El"bow*room` (?), n. Room to extend the elbows on each side; ample room for motion or action; free scope. "My soul hath elbowroom." Shak. Then came a stretch of grass and a little more elbowroom. W. G. Norris. Elcaja El*ca"ja (?), n. [Ar.] (Bot.) An Arabian tree (Trichilia emetica). The fruit, which is emetic, is sometimes employed in the composition of an ointment for the cure of the itch. Elcesaite El*ce"sa*ite (?), n. [From Elcesai, the leader of the sect.] (Eccl.) One of a sect of Asiatic Gnostics of the time of the Emperor Trajan. Eld Eld (?), a. [AS. eald.] Old. [Obs.] Chaucer. Eld Eld, n. [AS. yldu, yldo, eldo, old age, fr. ald, eald, old. See Old.] 1. Age; esp., old age. [Obs. or Archaic] As sooth is said, eelde hath great avantage. Chaucer. Great Nature, ever young, yet full of eld. Spenser. 2. Old times; former days; antiquity. [Poetic] Astrologers and men of eld. Longfellow. Eld Eld, v. i. To age; to grow old. [Obs.] Eld Eld, v. t. To make old or ancient. [Obs.] Time, that eldeth all things. Rom. of R. Elder Eld"er (?), a. [AS. yldra, compar. of eald old. See Old.] 1. Older; more aged, or existing longer. Let the elder men among us emulate their own earlier deeds. Jowett (Thucyd. ) 2. Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier; older; as, his elder brother died in infancy; -- opposed to younger, and now commonly applied to a son, daughter, child, brother, etc. The elder shall serve the younger. Gen. xxv. 23. But ask of elder days, earth's vernal hour. Keble. Elder hand (Card Playing), the hand playing, or having the right to play, first. Hoyle. Elder Eld"er, n. [AS. ealdor an elder, prince, fr. eald old. See Old, and cf. Elder, a., Alderman.] 1. One who is older; a superior in age; a senior. 1 Tim. v. 1. 2. An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor. Carry your head as your elders have done. L'Estrange. 3. A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office of ruler or judge; hence, a person occupying any office appropriate to such as have the experience and dignity which age confers; as, the elders of Israel; the elders of the synagogue; the elders in the apostolic church. NOTE: &hand; In th e mo dern Presbyterian churches, elders are lay officers who, with the minister, compose the church session, with authority to inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline. In some churches, pastors or clergymen are called elders, or presbyters. 4. (M. E. Ch.) A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments; as, a traveling elder. Presiding elder (Meth. Ch.), an elder commissioned by a bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers in a certain district. -- Ruling elder, a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian church session. Schaff. Elder El"der (?), n. [OE. ellern, eller, AS. ellen, cf. LG. elloorn; perh. akin to OHG. holantar, holuntar, G. holunder; or perh. to E. alder, n.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs (Sambucus) having broad umbels of white flowers, and small black or red berries. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon No rth Am erican sp ecies is Sa mbucus Canadensis; the common European species (S. nigra) forms a small tree. The red-berried elder is S. pubens. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient. Box elder. See under 1st Box. -- Dwarf elder. See Danewort. -- Elder tree. (Bot.) Same as Elder. Shak. -- Marsh elder, the cranberry tree Viburnum Opulus). Elderish Eld"er*ish (?), a. Somewhat old; elderly. [R.] Elderly Eld"er*ly, a. Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old age; as, elderly people. Eldern El"dern (?), a. Made of elder. [Obs.] He would discharge us as boys do eldern guns. Marston. Eldership Eld"er*ship (?), n. 1. The state of being older; seniority. "Paternity an eldership." Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Office of an elder; collectively, a body of elders. Elderwort El"der*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Danewort. Eldest Eld"est (?), a. [AS. yldest, superl. of eald old. See Elder, a.] 1. Oldest; longest in duration. Shak. 2. Born or living first, or before the others, as a son, daughter, brother, etc.; first in origin. See Elder. "My lady's eldest son." Shak. Their eldest historians are of suspected credit. Bp. Stillingfleet. Eldest hand (Card Playing), the player on the dealer's left hand. R. A. Proctor. Elding El"ding (?), n. [Icel. elding, fr. elda to kindle, eldr fire; akin to AS. \'91ld fire, \'91lan to burn.] Fuel. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. El Dorado El` Do*ra"do (?), pl. El Doradoes (. [Sp., lit., the gilt (sc. land); el the + dorado gilt, p. p. of dorare to gild. Cf. Dorado.] 1. A name given by the Spaniards in the 16th century to an imaginary country in the interior of South America, reputed to abound in gold and precious stones. 2. Any region of fabulous wealth; exceeding richness. The whole comedy is a sort of El Dorado of wit. T. Moore. Eldritch El"dritch (?), a. Hideous; ghastly; as, an eldritch shriek or laugh. [Local, Eng.] Eleatic E`le*at"ic (?), a. [L. eleaticus, from Elea (or Velia) in Italy.] Of or pertaining to a certain school of Greek philosophers who taught that the only certain science is that which owes nothing to the senses, and all to the reason. -- n. A philosopher of the Eleatic school. Eleaticism E`le*at"i*cism (?), n. The Eleatic doctrine. Elecampane El`e*cam*pane" (?), n. [F. \'82nulecampane, NL. inula campana; L. inula elecampane + LL. campana a bell; cf. G. glockenwurz, i. e., "bellwort."] 1. (Bot.) A large, coarse herb (Inula Helenium), with composite yellow flowers. The root, which has a pungent taste, is used as a tonic, and was formerly of much repute as a stomachic. 2. A sweetmeat made from the root of the plant. Elect E*lect" (?), a. [L. electus, p. p. of eligere to elect; e out + legere to choose. See Legend, and cf. Elite, Eclectic.] 1. Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more. "Colors quaint elect." Spenser. 2. (Theol.) Chosen as the object of mercy or divine favor; set apart to eternal life. "The elect angels." 1 Tim. v. 21. 3. Chosen to an office, but not yet actually inducted into it; as, bishop elect; governor or mayor elect. Elect E*lect", n. 1. One chosen or set apart. Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth. Is. xlii. 1. 2. pl. (Theol.) Those who are chosen for salvation. Shall not God avenge his won elect? Luke xviii. 7. Elect E*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elected; p. pr. & vb. n. Electing.] 1. To pick out; to select; to choose. The deputy elected by the Lord. Shak. 2. To select or take for an office; to select by vote; as, to elect a representative, a president, or a governor. 3. (Theol.) To designate, choose, or select, as an object of mercy or favor. Syn. -- To choose; prefer; select. See Choose. Electant E*lect"ant (?), n. [L. electans, p. pr. of electare.] One who has the power of choosing; an elector. [R.] Electary E*lec"ta*ry (?), n. (Med.) See Electuary. Electic E*lec"tic (?), a. See Eclectic. Electicism E*lec"ti*cism (?), n. See Eclecticism. Election E*lec"tion (?), n. [F. \'82lection, L. electio, fr. eligere to choose out. See Elect, a.] 1. The act of choosing; choice; selection. 2. The act of choosing a person to fill an office, or to membership in a society, as by ballot, uplifted hands, or viva voce; as, the election of a president or a mayor. Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom. J. Adams. 3. Power of choosing; free will; liberty to choose or act. "By his own election led to ill." Daniel. 4. Discriminating choice; discernment. [Obs.] To use men with much difference and election is good. Bacon. 5. (Theol.) Divine choice; predestination of individuals as objects of mercy and salvation; -- one of the "five points" of Calvinism. There is a remnant according to the election of grace. Rom. xi. 5. 6. (Law) The choice, made by a party, of two alternatives, by taking one of which, the chooser is excluded from the other. 7. Those who are elected. [Obs.] The election hath obtained it. Rom. xi. 7. To contest an election. See under Contest. -- To make one's election, to choose. He has made his election to walk, in the main, in the old paths. Fitzed. Hall. Electioneer E*lec`tion*eer" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Electionered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electioneering.] To make interest for a candidate at an election; to use arts for securing the election of a candidate. A master of the whole art of electioneering. Macaulay. Electioneerer E*lec`tion*eer"er (?), n. One who electioneers. Elective E*lect"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82lectif.] 1. Exerting the power of choice; selecting; as, an elective act. 2. Pertaining to, or consisting in, choice, or right of choosing; electoral. The independent use of their elective franchise. Bancroft. 3. Dependent on choice; bestowed or passing by election; as, an elective study; an elective office. Kings of Rome were at first elective; . . . for such are the conditions of an elective kingdom. Dryden. Elective affinity OR attraction (Chem.), a tendency to unite with certain things; chemism. Elective E*lect"ive, n. In an American college, an optional study or course of study. [Colloq.] Electively E*lect"ive*ly, adv. In an elective manner; by choice. Elector E*lect"or (?), n. [L., fr. eligere: cf. F. \'82lecteur.] 1. One who elects, or has the right of choice; a person who is entitled to take part in an election, or to give his vote in favor of a candidate for office. 2. Hence, specifically, in any country, a person legally qualified to vote. 3. In the old German empire, one of the princes entitled to choose the emperor. 4. One of the persons chosen, by vote of the people in the United States, to elect the President and Vice President. Elector E*lect"or (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82lectoral.] Pertaining to an election or to electors. In favor of the electoral and other princes. Burke. Electoral college, the body of princes formerly entitled to elect the Emperor of Germany; also, a name sometimes given, in the United States, to the body of electors chosen by the people to elect the President and Vice President. Electorality E*lect`or*al"i*ty (?), n. The territory or dignity of an elector; electorate. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. _________________________________________________________________ Page 477 Electorate E*lect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectorat.] 1. The territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an elector, as in the old German empire. 2. The whole body of persons in a nation or state who are entitled to vote in an election, or any distinct class or division of them. The middle-class electorate of Great Britain. M. Arnold. Electoress E*lect"or*ess (?), n. [Fem. of Elector.] An electress. Bp. Burnet. Electorial E`lec*to"ri*al (?), a. Electoral. Burke. Electorship E*lect"or*ship (?), n. The office or status of an elector. Electre, Electer E*lec"tre, E*lec"ter (?), n. [L. electrum: cf. F. \'82lectre mixture of gold and silver. See Electrum.] 1. Amber. See Electrum. [Obs.] 2. A metallic substance compounded of gold and silver; an alloy. [Obs.] Wyclif. Electrepeter E`lec*trep"e*ter (?), n. [Electro + Gr. An instrument used to change the direction of electric currents; a commutator. [R.] Electress E*lect"ress (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectrice. Cf. Electoress.] The wife or widow of an elector in the old German empire. Burke. Electric, Electrical E*lec"tric (?), E*lec"tric*al (?), a. [L. electrum amber, a mixed metal, Gr. arc to beam, shine: cf. F. \'82lectrique. The name came from the production of electricity by the friction of amber.] 1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing, derived from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric power or virtue; an electric jar; electric effects; an electric spark. 2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as, an electric or electrical machine or substance. 3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. "Electric Pindar." Mrs. Browning. Electric atmosphere, OR Electric aura. See under Aura. -- Electrical battery. See Battery. -- Electrical brush. See under Brush. -- Electric cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. -- Electric candle. See under Candle. -- Electric cat (Zo\'94l.), one of three or more large species of African catfish of the genus Malapterurus (esp. M. electricus of the Nile). They have a large electrical organ and are able to give powerful shocks; -- called also sheathfish. -- Electric clock. See under Clock, and see Electro-chronograph. -- Electric current, a current or stream of electricity traversing a closed circuit formed of conducting substances, or passing by means of conductors from one body to another which is in a different electrical state. -- Electric, OR Electrical, eel (Zo\'94l.), a South American eel-like fresh-water fish of the genus Gymnotus (G. electricus), from two to five feet in length, capable of giving a violent electric shock. See Gymnotus. -- Electrical fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish which has an electrical organ by means of which it can give an electrical shock. The best known kinds are the torpedo, the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the electric cat. See Torpedo, and Gymnotus. -- Electric fluid, the supposed matter of electricity; lightning. -- Electrical image (Elec.), a collection of electrical points regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena, an image of certain other electrical points, and used in the solution of electrical problems. Sir W. Thomson. -- Electrical light, the light produced by a current of electricity which in passing through a resisting medium heats it to incandescence or burns it. See under Carbon. -- Electric, OR Electrical, machine, an apparatus for generating, collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by friction. -- Electric motor. See Electro-motor, 2. -- Electric osmose. (Physics) See under Osmose. -- Electric pen, a hand pen for making perforated stencils for multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at great speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the penhandle. -- Electric railway, a railway in which the machinery for moving the cars is driven by an electric current. -- Electric ray (Zo\'94l.), the torpedo. -- Electric telegraph. See Telegraph. Electric E*lec"tric (?), n. (Physics) A nonconductor of electricity, as amber, glass, resin, etc., employed to excite or accumulate electricity. Electrically E*lec"tric*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly. Electricalness E*lec"tric*al*ness, a. The state or quality of being electrical. Electrician E`lec*tri"cian (?), n. An investigator of electricity; one versed in the science of electricity. Electricity E`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Electricities (#). [Cf. F. \'82lectricit\'82. See Electric.] 1. A power in nature, a manifestation of energy, exhibiting itself when in disturbed equilibrium or in activity by a circuit movement, the fact of direction in which involves polarity, or opposition of properties in opposite directions; also, by attraction for many substances, by a law involving attraction between surfaces of unlike polarity, and repulsion between those of like; by exhibiting accumulated polar tension when the circuit is broken; and by producing heat, light, concussion, and often chemical changes when the circuit passes between the poles or through any imperfectly conducting substance or space. It is generally brought into action by any disturbance of molecular equilibrium, whether from a chemical, physical, or mechanical, cause. NOTE: &hand; El ectricity is ma nifested under following different forms: (a) Statical electricity, called also Frictional OR Common, electricity, electricity in the condition of a stationary charge, in which the disturbance is produced by friction, as of glass, amber, etc., or by induction. (b) Dynamical electricity, called also Voltaic electricity, electricity in motion, or as a current produced by chemical decomposition, as by means of a voltaic battery, or by mechanical action, as by dynamo-electric machines. (c) Thermoelectricity, in which the disturbing cause is heat (attended possibly with some chemical action). It is developed by uniting two pieces of unlike metals in a bar, and then heating the bar unequally. (d) Atmospheric electricity, any condition of electrical disturbance in the atmosphere or clouds, due to some or all of the above mentioned causes. (e) Magnetic electricity, electricity developed by the action of magnets. (f) Positive electricity, the electricity that appears at the positive pole or anode of a battery, or that is produced by friction of glass; -- called also vitreous electricity. (g) Negative electricity, the electricity that appears at the negative pole or cathode, or is produced by the friction of resinous substance; -- called also resinous electricity. (h) Organic electricity, that which is developed in organic structures, either animal or vegetable, the phrase animal electricity being much more common. 2. The science which unfolds the phenomena and laws of electricity; electrical science. 3. Fig.: Electrifying energy or characteristic. Electrifiable E*lec"tri*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of receiving electricity, or of being charged with it. Electrification E*lec`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Physics) The act of electrifying, or the state of being charged with electricity. Electrify E*lec"tri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrifying.] [Electric + -fy.] 1. To communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity; as, to electrify a jar. 2. To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to; as, to electrify a limb, or the body. 3. To excite suddenly and violently, esp. by something highly delightful or inspiriting; to thrill; as, this patriotic sentiment electrified the audience. If the sovereign were now to immure a subject in defiance of the writ of habeas corpus . . . the whole nation would be instantly electrified by the news. Macaulay. Try whether she could electrify Mr. Grandcourt by mentioning it to him at table. G. Eliot. Electrify E*lec"tri*fy, v. i. To become electric. Electrine E*lec"trine (?), a. [L. electrinus of amber. See Electric.] 1. Belonging to, or made of, amber. 2. Made of electrum, an alloy used by the ancients. Electrition E`lec*tri"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The recognition by an animal body of the electrical condition of external objects. Electrization E*lec`tri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectrisation.] The act of electrizing; electrification. Electrize E*lec"trize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrizing (?).] [Cf. F. \'82lectriser.] To electricity. Eng. Cyc. Electrizer E*lec"tri`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, electrizes. Electro- E*lec"tro- (?). [L. electrum amber. See Electric.] A prefix or combining form signifying pertaining to electricity, produced by electricity, producing or employing electricity, etc.; as, electro-negative; electro-dynamic; electro-magnet. Electro E*lec"tro, n. An electrotype. Electro-ballistic E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to electro-ballistics. Electro-ballistics E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tics (?), n. The art or science of measuring the force or velocity of projectiles by means of electricity. Electro-biologist E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in electro-biology. Electro-biology E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gy (?), n. (Biol.) 1. That branch of biology which treats of the electrical phenomena of living organisms. 2. That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena of which are supposed to be produced by a form of electricity. Electro-bioscopy E*lec`tro-bi*os"co*py (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. -scopy.] (Biol.) A method of determining the presence or absence of life in an animal organism with a current of electricity, by noting the presence or absence of muscular contraction. Electro-capillarity E*lec`tro-cap`il*lar"i*ty (?), n. (Physics) The occurrence or production of certain capillary effects by the action of an electrical current or charge. Electro-capillary E*lec`tro-cap"il*la*ry (?), a. (Physics) Pert. to, or caused by, electro-capillarity. Electro-chemical E*lec`tro-chem"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry. Ure. Electro-chemistry E*lec`tro-chem"is*try (?), n. That branch of science which treats of the relation of electricity to chemical changes. Electro-chronograph E*lec`tro-chron"o*graph (?), n. (Astron. Physics) An instrument for obtaining an accurate record of the time at which any observed phenomenon occurs, or of its duration. It has an electro-magnetic register connected with a clock. See Chronograph. Electro-chronographic E*lec`tro-chron`o*graph"ic (?), a. Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid of it. Electrocute E*lec"tro*cute` (?), v. t. [Electro- + cute in execute.] To execute or put to death by electricity. -- E*lec`tro*cu"tion, n. NOTE: [Recent; Newspaper words] Electrode E*lec"trode (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. \'82lectrode.] (Elec.) The path by which electricity is conveyed into or from a solution or other conducting medium; esp., the ends of the wires or conductors, leading from source of electricity, and terminating in the medium traversed by the current. Electro-dynamic, Electro-dynamical E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic (?), E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic*al (?), a. (Physics) Pertaining to the movements or force of electric or galvanic currents; dependent on electric force. Electro-dynamics E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ics (?), n. 1. The phenomena of electricity in motion. 2. The branch of science which treats of the properties of electric currents; dynamical electricity. Electro-dynamometer E*lec`tro-dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic currents. Electro-engraving E*lec`tro-en*grav"ing (?), n. The art or process of engraving by means of electricity. Electro-etching E*lec`tro-etch"ing (?), n. A mode of etching upon metals by electrolytic action. Electrogenesis E*lec`tro*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Electro- + genesis.] (Physiol.) Same as Electrogeny. Electrogenic E*lec`tro*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to electrogenesis; as, an electrogenic condition. Electrogeny E`lec*trog"e*ny (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) A term sometimes applied to the effects (tetanus) produced in the muscles of the limbs, when a current of electricity is passed along the spinal cord or nerves. Electro-gilding E*lec`tro-gild"ing (?), n. The art or process of gilding copper, iron, etc., by means of voltaic electricity. Electro-gilt E*lec"tro-gilt` (?), a. Gilded by means of voltaic electricity. Electrograph E*lec"tro*graph (?), n. [Electro- + -graph.] A mark, record, or tracing, made by the action of electricity. Electro-kinetic E*lec`tro-ki*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics. Electro-kinetics E*lec`tro-ki*net"ics (?), n. That branch of electrical science which treats of electricity in motion. Electrolier E*lec`tro*lier" (?), n. [Formed from electric in imitation of chandelier.] A branching frame, often of ornamental design, to support electric illuminating lamps. Electrology E`lec*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Electro- + -logy.] That branch of physical science which treats of the phenomena of electricity and its properties. Electrolysis E`lec*trol"y*sis (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. (Physics & Chem.) The act or process of chemical decomposition, by the action of electricity; as, the electrolysis of silver or nickel for plating; the electrolysis of water. Electrolyte E*lec"tro*lyte (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. \'82lectrolyte.] (Physics & Chem.) A compound decomposable, or subjected to decomposition, by an electric current. Electrolytic, Electrolytical E*lec`tro*lyt"ic (?), E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82lectrolytique.] Pertaining to electrolysis; as, electrolytic action. -- E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv. Electrolyzable E*lec"tro*ly`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being electrolyzed, or decomposed by electricity. Electrolyzation E*lec`tro*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or the process of electrolyzing. Electrolyze E*lec"tro*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrolyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrolyzing (?).] [Cf. F. \'82lectrolyser. See Electrolysis.] To decompose by the direct action of electricity. Faraday. Electro-magnet E*lec`tro-mag"net (?), n. A mass, usually of soft iron, but sometimes of some other magnetic metal, as nickel or cobalt, rendered temporarily magnetic by being placed within a coil of wire through which a current of electricity is passing. The metal is generally in the form of a bar, either straight, or bent into the shape of a horseshoe. Electro-magnetic E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic (?), a. Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is developed by the passage of an electric current. Electro-magnetic engine, an engine in which the motive force is electro-magnetism. -- Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of transient electric currents moving transversely to the direction of the ray. Electro-magnetism E*lec`tro-mag"net*ism (?), n. The magnetism developed by a current of electricity; the science which treats of the development of magnetism by means of voltaic electricity, and of the properties or actions of the currents evolved. Electro-metallurgy E*lec`tro-met"al*lur`gy (?), n. The act or art precipitating a metal electro-chemical action, by which a coating is deposited, on a prepared surface, as in electroplating and electrotyping; galvanoplasty. Electrometer E`lec*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Electro- + -meter: cf. F. \'82lectrom\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of electricity; also, sometimes, and less properly, applied to an instrument which indicates the presence of electricity (usually called an electroscope). Balance electrometer. See under Balance. Electro-metric, Electro-metrical E*lec`tro-met"ric (?), E*lec`tro-met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82lectrom\'82trique.] Pertaining to electrometry; made by means of electrometer; as, an electrometrical experiment. Elextrometry E`lex*trom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectrom\'82trie.] (Physics) The art or process of making electrical measurements. Electro-motion E*lec`tro-mo"tion (?), n. The motion of electricity or its passage from one metal to another in a voltaic circuit; mechanical action produced by means of electricity. Electro-motive E*lec`tro-mo"tive (?), a. Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects. Electro-motive force (Physics), the force which produces, or tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current; sometimes used to express the degree of electrification as equivalent to potential, or more properly difference of potential. Electromotor E*lec`tro*mo"tor (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectromoteur.] 1. (Physics) A mover or exciter of electricity; as apparatus for generating a current of electricity. _________________________________________________________________ Page 478 2. (Mech.) An apparatus or machine for producing motion and mechanical effects by the action of electricity; an electro-magnetic engine. Electro-muscular E*lec`tro-mus"cu*lar (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining the reaction (contraction) of the muscles under electricity, or their sensibility to it. Electron E*lec"tron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Electric.] Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called electrum. Electro-negative E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive (?), a. (Chem. & Physics) (a) Having the property of being attracted by an electro-positive body, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in electrolysis, by the law that opposite electricities attract each other. (b) Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive, metallic, or basic. Electro-negative E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive, n. (Chem. & Physics) A body which passes to the positive pole in electrolysis. Electropathy E`lec*trop"a*thy (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. (Med.) The treatment of disease by electricity. Electrophone E*lec"tro*phone (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. (Physics) An instrument for producing sound by means of electric currents. Electrophorus E*lec`troph"o*rus (?), n.; pl. Electrophori (#). [NL., fr. combining form electro- + Gr. (Physics) An instrument for exciting electricity, and repeating the charge indefinitely by induction, consisting of a flat cake of resin, shelllac, or ebonite, upon which is placed a plate of metal. Electro-physiological E*lec`tro-phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to electrical results produced through physiological agencies, or by change of action in a living organism. Electro-physiology E*lec`tro-phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. (Physiol.) That branch of physiology which treats of electric phenomena produced through physiological agencies. Electroplate E*lec"tro*plate` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electroplating.] (Mech.) To plate or cover with a coating of metal, usually silver, nickel, or gold, by means of electrolysis. Electroplater E*lec"tro*pla`ter (?), n. One who electroplates. Electroplating E*lec"tro*pla`ting (?), n. The art or process of depositing a coating (commonly) of silver, gold, or nickel on an inferior metal, by means of electricity. Electro-polar E*lec`tro-po"lar (?), a. (Physics) Possessing electrical polarity; positively electrified at one end, or on one surface, and negatively at the other; -- said of a conductor. Electro-positive E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive (?), a. 1. (Physics) Of such a nature relatively to some other associated body or bodies, as to tend to the negative pole of a voltaic battery, in electrolysis, while the associated body tends to the positive pole; -- the converse or correlative of electro-negative. NOTE: &hand; An el ement th at is electro-positive in one compound may be electro-negative in another, and vice versa. 2. (Chem.) Hence: Positive; metallic; basic; -- distinguished from negative, nonmetallic, or acid. Electro-positive E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive, n. (Chem. & Physics) A body which passes to the negative pole in electrolysis. Electro-puncturation, Electro-puncturing E*lec`tro-punc`tu*ra"tion (?), E*lec`tro-punc`tur*ing (?; 135), n. (Med.) See Electropuncture. Electro-puncture E*lec`tro-punc`ture (?; 135), n. (Med.) An operation that consists in inserting needless in the part affected, and connecting them with the poles of a galvanic apparatus. Electroscope E*lec"tro*scope (?), n. [Electro- + -scope: cf. F. \'82lectroscope.] (Physics) An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, or changes in the electric state of bodies, or the species of electricity present, as by means of pith balls, and the like. Condensing electroscope (Physics), a form of electroscope in which an increase of sensibility is obtained by the use of a condenser. Electroscopic E*lec`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Relating to, or made by means of, the electroscope. Electrostatic E*lec`tro*stat"ic (?), a. Pertaining to electrostatics. Electrostatics E*lec`tro*stat"ics (?), n. (Physics) That branch of science which treats of statical electricity or electric force in a state of rest. Electro-stereotype E*lec`tro-ste"re*o*type (?), n. Same as Electrotype. Electro-telegraphic E*lec`tro-tel`e*graph"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the electric telegraph, or by means of it. Electro-telegraphy E*lec`tro-te*leg"ra*phy (?), n. The art or science of constructing or using the electric telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the electric telegraph. Electro-therapeutics E*lec`tro-ther`a*peu"tics (?), n. (Med.) The branch of medical science which treats of the applications agent. Electro-thermancy E*lec`tro-ther"man*cy (?), n. That branch of electrical science which treats of the effect of an electric current upon the temperature of a conductor, or a part of a circuit composed of two different metals. Electro-tint E*lec"tro-tint` (?), n. (Fine Arts) A style of engraving in relief by means of voltaic electricity. A picture is drawn on a metallic plate with some material which resists the fluids of a battery; so that, in electro-typing, the parts not covered by the varnish, etc., receive a deposition of metal, and produce the required copy in intaglio. A cast of this is then the plate for printing. Electrotonic E*lec`tro*ton"ic (?), a. 1. (Physics) Of or pertaining to electrical tension; -- said of a supposed peculiar condition of a conducting circuit during its exposure to the action of another conducting circuit traversed by a uniform electric current when both circuits remain stationary. Faraday. 2. (Physiol.) Relating to electrotonus; as, the electrotonic condition of a nerve. Electrotonize E`lec*trot"o*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To cause or produce electrotonus. Electrotonous E`lec*trot"o*nous (?), a. Electrotonic. Electrotonus E`lec*trot"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. combining form electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) The modified condition of a nerve, when a constant current of electricity passes through any part of it. See Anelectrotonus, and Catelectrotonus. Electrotype E*lec"tro*type (?), n. [Electro- + -type.] A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing; also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively. NOTE: &hand; Th e fa ce of an el ectrotype consists of a shell of copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath and connected with opposite poles of the battery. It is backed up with a solid filling of type metal. Electrotype E*lec"tro*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrotyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrotyping (?).] To make facsimile plates of by the electrotype process; as to electrotype a page of type, a book, etc. See Electrotype, n. Electrotyper E*lec"tro*ty`per (?), n. One who electrotypes. Electrotypic E*lec`tro*typ"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or effected by means of, electrotypy. Electrotyping E*lec"tro*ty`ping (?), n. The act or the process of making electrotypes. Electrotypy E*lec"tro*ty`py (?), n. The process of producing electrotype plates. See Note under Electrotype, n. Electro-vital E*lec`tro-vi"tal (?), a. Derived from, or dependent upon, vital processes; -- said of certain electric currents supposed by some physiologists to circulate in the nerves of animals. Electro-vitalism E*lec`tro-vi"tal*ism (?), n. (Physiol.) The theory that the functions of living organisms are dependent upon electricity or a kindred force. Electrum E*lec"trum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Electric, and cf. Electre, Electron.] 1. Amber. 2. An alloy of gold and silver, of an amber color, used by the ancients. 3. German-silver plate. See German silver, under German. Electuary E*lec"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n.; pl. Electuaries (#). [OE. letuaire, OF. lettuaire, electuaire, F. \'82lectuaire, L. electuarium, electarium. prob. fr. Gr. Lick, and cf. Eclegm.] (Med.) A medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients, incorporated with some convserve, honey, or sirup; a confection. See the note under Confection. Eleemosynarily El`ee*mos"y*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In an eleemosynary manner; by charity; charitably. Eleemosynary El`ee*mos"y*na*ry (?; 277), a. [LL. eleemosynarius, fr. eleemosyna alms, Gr. Alms.] 1. Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving; intended for the distribution of charity; as, an eleemosynary corporation. 2. Given in charity or alms; having the nature of alms; as, eleemosynary assistance. "Eleemosynary cures." Boyle. 3. Supported by charity; as, eleemosynary poor. Eleemosynary El`ee*mos"y*na*ry, n.; pl. Eleemosynaries (. One who subsists on charity; a dependent. South. Elegance, Elegancy El"e*gance (?), El"e*gan*cy (?), n. [L. elegantia, fr. elegans, -antis, elegant: cf. F. \'82l\'82gance.] 1. The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting from choice qualities and the complete absence of what deforms or impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or practice; fine polish; refinement; -- said of manners, language, style, form, architecture, etc. That grace that elegance affords. Drayton. The endearing elegance of female friendship. Johnson. A trait of native elegance, seldom seen in the masculine character after childhood or early youth, was shown in the General's fondness for the sight and fragrance of flowers. Hawthorne. 2. That which is elegant; that which is tasteful and highly attractive. The beautiful wildness of nature, without the nicer elegancies of art. Spectator. Syn. -- Elegance, Grace. Elegance implies something of a select style of beauty, which is usually produced by art, skill, or training; as, elegance of manners, composition, handwriting, etc.; elegant furniture; an elegant house, etc. Grace, as the word is here used, refers to bodily movements, and is a lower order of beauty. It may be a natural gift; thus, the manners of a peasant girl may be graceful, but can hardly be called elegant. Elegant El"e*gant (?), a. [L. elegans, -antis; akin to eligere to pick out, choose, select: cf. F. \'82l\'82gant. See Elect.] 1. Very choice, and hence, pleasing to good taste; characterized by grace, propriety, and refinement, and the absence of every thing offensive; exciting admiration and approbation by symmetry, completeness, freedom from blemish, and the like; graceful; tasteful and highly attractive; as, elegant manners; elegant style of composition; an elegant speaker; an elegant structure. A more diligent cultivation of elegant literature. Prescott. 2. Exercising a nice choice; discriminating beauty or sensitive to beauty; as, elegant taste. Syn. -- Tasteful; polished; graceful; refined; comely; handsome; richly ornamental. Elegantly El"e*gant*ly, adv. In a manner to please nice taste; with elegance; with due symmetry; richly. Elegiac E*le"gi*ac (?; 277), a. [L. elegiacus, Gr. \'82l\'82giaque. See Elegy.] 1. Belonging to elegy, or written in elegiacs; plaintive; expressing sorrow or lamentation; as, an elegiac lay; elegiac strains. Elegiac griefs, and songs of love. Mrs. Browning. 2. Used in elegies; as, elegiac verse; the elegiac distich or couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter. Elegiac E*le"gi*ac (?), n. Elegiac verse. Elegiacal El`e*gi"a*cal (?), a. Elegiac. Elegiast E*le"gi*ast (?), n. One who composes elegies. Goldsmith. Elegiographer El`e*gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. -graph + -er.] An elegist. [Obs.] Elegist El"e*gist (?), n. A write of elegies. T. Warton. Elegit E*le"git (?), n. [L., he has chosen, fr. eligere to choose. See Elect.] (Law) A judicial writ of execution, by which a defendant's goods are appraised and delivered to the plaintiff, and, if no sufficient to satisfy the debt, all of his lands are delivered, to be held till the debt is paid by the rents and profits, or until the defendant's interest has expired. Elegize El"e*gize (?), v. t. To lament in an elegy; to celebrate in elegiac verse; to bewail. Carlyle. Elegy El"e*gy (?), n.; pl. Elegies (#). [L. elegia, Gr. A mournful or plaintive poem; a funereal song; a poem of lamentation. Shak. Eleidin E*le"i*din (?), n. (Biol.) Lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells. Element El"e*ment (?), n. [F. \'82l\'82ment, L. elementum.] 1. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based. 2. One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as, the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen. NOTE: &hand; Th e el ements ar e na turally cl assified in several families or groups, as the group of the alkaline elements, the halogen group, and the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the metals, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds. The essential fact regarding every element is its relative atomic weight or equivalent. When the elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending atomic weights, the arrangement constitutes the series of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See Periodic law, under Periodic. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number of elements known is about seventy-five, but the gaps in the Periodic law indicate the possibility of many more. Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. From certain evidence (as that afforded by the Periodic law, spectrum analysis, etc.) it appears that the chemical elements probably may not be simple bodies, but only very stable compounds of some simpler body or bodies. In formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin or New Latin. _________________________________________________________________ Page 478 The Elements ------------------------------------------------------------ Name |Sym-|Atomic Weight| |bol | O=16 | H=1 | ------------------------------------------------------------ Aluminum | Al | 27.1 | 26.9| Antimony(Stibium) Argon Arsenic Barium Beryllium (see Glucinum) Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Caesium Calcium Carbon Cerium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Columbium Copper (Cuprum) Erbium Fluorine Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Glucinum <--(now Beryllium)--> Gold Helium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron (Ferrum) Krypton Lanthanum Lead (Plumbum) Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury (Hydrargyrum) Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Nickel Niobium (see Columbium) Nirogen Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Potassium (Kalium) Praseodymium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium _________________________________________________________________ Page 479 ----------------------------------------------------------- The Elements -- continued ------------------------------------------------------------ Name Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon Silver (Argentum) Sodium (Natrium) Strontium Sulphur Tantalum Tellurium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin (Stannum) Titanium Tungsten (Wolframium) Uranium Vanadium Wolfranium (see Tungsten) Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium ------------------------------------------------------------ NOTE: Several ot her el ements ha ve be en an nounced, as holmium, vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in some cases their existence, have not yet been definitely established. 3. One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in anything; as, letters are the elements of written language; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the elements of granite. The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was laughed to scorn. Jowett (Thucyd.). 4. (a) One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole; as, a single cell is an element of the honeycomb. (b) (Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of the organism, as a blood corpuscle, a muscular fiber. 5. (Biol.) One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly called cells, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or their tissues and organs, are composed. 6. (Math.) (a) An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature as the entire magnitude considered; as, in a solid an element may be infinitesimal portion between any two planes that are separated and indefinitely small distance. In the calculus, element is sometimes used as synonymous with differential. (b) Sometimes a curve, or surface, or volume is considered as described by a moving point, or curve, or surface, the latter being at any instant called an element of the former. (c) One of the terms in an algebraic expression. 7. One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of calculations depends, or general conclusions are based; as, the elements of a planet's orbit. 8. pl. The simplest or fundamental principles of any system in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; as, the elements of geometry, or of music. 9. pl. Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the fundamental ideas or features of the thing in question; as, the elemental of a plan. 10. One of the simple substances, as supposed by the ancient philosophers; one of the imaginary principles of matter. NOTE: (a) Th e fo ur el ements we re, ai r, earth, water, and fire; whence it is said, water is the proper element of fishes; air is the element of birds. Hence, the state or sphere natural to anything or suited for its existence. Of elements The grosser feeds the purer: Earth the Sea; Earth and the Sea feed Air; the Air those Fires Ethereal. Milton. Does not our life consist of the four elements? Shak. And the complexion of the element [i. e.,the sky or air] In favor's like the work we have in hand, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. Shak. About twelve ounces [of food], with mere element for drink. Cheyne. They show that they are out of their element. T. Baker. Esp., the conditions and movements of the air. "The elements be kind to thee." (b) The elements of the alchemists were salt, sulphur, and mercury. Brande & C. 11. pl. The whole material composing the world. The elements shall melt with fervent heat. 2 Peter iii. 10. 12. pl. (Eccl.) The bread and wine used in the eucharist or Lord's supper. Magnetic element, one of the hypothetical elementary portions of which a magnet is regarded as made up. Element El"e*ment (?), v. t. 1. To compound of elements or first principles. [Obs.] "[Love] being elemented too." Donne. 2. To constitute; to make up with elements. His very soul was elemented of nothing but sadness. Walton. Elemental El`e*men"tal (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the material world; as, elemental air. "Elemental strife." Pope. 2. Pertaining to rudiments or first principles; rudimentary; elementary. "The elemental rules of erudition." Cawthorn. Elementalism El`e*men"tal*ism (?), a. The theory that the heathen divinities originated in the personification of elemental powers. Elementality E`le*men*tal"i*ty (?), n. The condition of being composed of elements, or a thing so composed. Elementally El`e*men"tal*ly (?), adv. According to elements; literally; as, the words, "Take, eat; this is my body," elementally understood. Elementar El`e*men"tar (?), a. Elementary. [Obs.] Skelton. Elementariness El`e*men"ta*ri*ness (?), n. The state of being elementary; original simplicity; uncompounded state. Elementarity El`e*men*tar"i*ty (?), n. Elementariness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Elementary El`e*men"ta*ry (?), a. [L. elementarius: cf. F. \'82l\'82mentaire.] 1. Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting of a single element; simple; uncompounded; as, an elementary substance. 2. Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or first principles of anything; initial; rudimental; introductory; as, an elementary treatise. 3. Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth, fire. "Some luminous and fiery impressions in the elementary region." J. Spencer. Elementation El`e*men*ta"tion (?), n. Instruction in the elements or first principles. [R.] Elementoid El"e*men*toid` (?), a. [Element + -oid.] Resembling an element. Elemi El"e*mi (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lemi, It. elemi, Sp. elemi; of American or Oriental. origin.] A fragrant gum resin obtained chiefly tropical trees of the genera Amyris and Canarium. A. elemifera yields Mexican elemi; C. commune, the Manila elemi. It is used in the manufacture of varnishes, also in ointments and plasters. Elemin El"e*min (?), n. (Chem.) A transparent, colorless oil obtained from elemi resin by distillation with water; also, a crystallizable extract from the resin. Elench E*lench" (?), n.; pl. Elenchs (#). [L. elenchus, Gr. elenche.] (Logic) (a) That part of an argument on which its conclusiveness depends; that which convinces of refutes an antagonist; a refutation. (b) A specious but fallacious argument; a sophism. Elenchical E*len"chic*al (?), a. Pertaining to an elench. Elenchically E*len"chic*al*ly, adv. By means of an elench. Elenchize E*len"chize (?), v. i. To dispute. [R.] B. Jonson. Elenchtic, Elenchtical E*lench"tic, E*lench"tic*al (?), a. Same as Elenctic. Elenchus E*len"chus (?), n. [L.] Same as Elench. Elenctic, Elenctical E*lenc"tic (?), E*lenc"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. (Logic) Serving to refute; refutative; -- applied to indirect modes of proof, and opposed to deictic. Elenge El"enge (?), a. [Cf. AS. ellende foreign, strange, G. elend miserable.] Sorrowful; wretched; full of trouble. [Obs.] Chaucer. Elengeness El"enge*ness, n. Loneliness; misery. [Obs.] Elephansy El"e*phan*sy (?), n. [L. elephantia.] Elephantiasis. [Obs.] Holland. Elephant El"e*phant (?), n. [OE. elefaunt, olifant, OF. olifant, F. \'82l\'82phant, L. elephantus, elephas, -antis, fr. Gr. ibha, with the Semitic article al, el, prefixed, or fr. Semitic Aleph hindi Indian bull; or cf. Goth. ulbandus camel, AS. olfend.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two living species, Elephas Indicus and E. Africanus, and several fossil species, are known. They have a proboscis or trunk, and two large ivory tusks proceeding from the extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards. The molar teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are the largest land animals now existing. 2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. [Obs.] Dryden. <-- Illustr. of Elephant. --> Elephant apple (Bot.), an East Indian fruit with a rough, hard rind, and edible pulp, borne by Feronia elephantum, a large tree related to the orange. -- Elephant bed (Geol.), at Brighton, England, abounding in fossil remains of elephants. Mantell. -- Elephant beetle (Zo\'94l.), any very large beetle of the genus Goliathus (esp. G. giganteus), of the family Scarab\'91id\'91. They inhabit West Africa. -- Elephant fish (Zo\'94l.), a chim\'91roid fish (Callorhynchus antarcticus), with a proboscis-like projection of the snout. -- Elephant paper, paper of large size, 23 × 28 inches. -- Double elephant paper, paper measuring 26Paper. -- Elephant seal (Zo\'94l.), an African jumping shrew (Macroscelides typicus), having a long nose like a proboscis. -- Elephant's ear (Bot.), a name given to certain species of the genus Begonia, which have immense one-sided leaves. -- Elephant's foot (Bot.) (a) A South African plant (Testudinaria Elephantipes), which has a massive rootstock covered with a kind of bark cracked with deep fissures; -- called also tortoise plant. The interior part is barely edible, whence the plant is also called Hottentot's bread. (b) A genus (Elephantopus) of coarse, composite weeds. -- Elephant's tusk (Zo\'94l.), the tooth shell. See Dentalium. Elephantiac El`e*phan"ti*ac (?), a. (Med.) Affected with elephantiasis; characteristic of elephantiasis. Elephantiasis El`e*phan*ti"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the skin, in which it become enormously thickened, and is rough, hard, and fissured, like an elephant's hide. Elephantine El`e*phan"tine (?), a. [L. elephantinus of ivory, Gr. \'82l\'82phantin.] Pertaining to the elephant, or resembling an elephant (commonly, in size); hence, huge; immense; heavy; as, of elephantine proportions; an elephantine step or tread. Elephantine epoch (Geol.), the epoch distinguished by the existence of large pachyderms. Mantell. -- Elephantine tortoise (Zo\'94l.), a huge land tortoise; esp., Testudo elephantina, from islands in the Indian Ocean; and T. elephantopus, from the Galapagos Islands. Elephantoid; 277, Elephantoidal El"e*phan*toid` (?; 277), El`e*phan*toid"al (?), a. [Elephant + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling an elephant in form or appearance. Eleusinian El`eu*sin"i*an (?), a. [L. Eleusinius, Gr. Pertaining to Eleusis, in Greece, or to secret rites in honor of Ceres, there celebrated; as, Eleusinian mysteries or festivals. Eleutheromania E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. mania.] A mania or frantic zeal for freedom. [R.] Carlyle. Eleutheromaniac E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*ac, a. Mad for freedom. [R.] Eleuthero-petalous E*leu`ther*o-pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. petal.] (Bot.) Having the petals free, that is, entirely separate from each other; -- said of both plant and flower. Elevate El"e*vate (?), a. [L. elevatus, p. p.] Elevated; raised aloft. [Poetic] Milton. Elevate El"e*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elevated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elevating (?).] [L. elevatus, p. p. of elevare; e + levare to lift up, raise, akin to levis light in weight. See Levity.] 1. To bring from a lower place to a higher; to lift up; to raise; as, to elevate a weight, a flagstaff, etc. 2. To raise to a higher station; to promote; as, to elevate to an office, or to a high social position. 3. To raise from a depressed state; to animate; to cheer; as, to elevate the spirits. 4. To exalt; to ennoble; to dignify; as, to elevate the mind or character. 5. To raise to a higher pitch, or to a greater degree of loudness; -- said of sounds; as, to elevate the voice. 6. To intoxicate in a slight degree; to render tipsy. [Colloq. & Sportive] "The elevated cavaliers sent for two tubs of merry stingo." Sir W. Scott. 7. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage. [A Latin meaning] [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. To elevate a piece (Gun.), to raise the muzzle; to lower the breech. Syn. -- To exalt; dignify; ennoble; erect; raise; hoist; heighten; elate; cheer; flush; excite; animate. Elevated El"e*va`ted (?), a. Uplifted; high; lofty; also, animated; noble; as, elevated thoughts. Elevated railway, one in which the track is raised considerably above the ground, especially a city railway above the line of street travel. Elevatedness El"e*va`ted*ness, n. The quality of being elevated. Elevation El`e*va"tion (?), n. [L. elevatio: cf. F. \'82l\'82vation.] 1. The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a higher; -- said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice, etc.; as, the elevation of grain; elevation to a throne; elevation of mind, thoughts, or character. 2. Condition of being elevated; height; exaltation. "Degrees of elevation above us." Locke. His style . . . wanted a little elevation. Sir H. Wotton. 3. That which is raised up or elevated; an elevated place or station; as, an elevation of the ground; a hill. 4. (Astron.) The distance of a celestial object above the horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between it and the horizon; altitude; as, the elevation of the pole, or of a star. 5. (Dialing) The angle which the style makes with the substylar line. 6. (Gunnery) The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the piece and the line odirection . 7. (Drawing) A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a vertical plane; -- called by the ancients the orthography. Angle of elevation (Geodesy), the angle which an ascending line makes with a horizontal plane. -- Elevation of the host (R. C. Ch.), that part of the Mass in which the priest raises the host above his head for the people to adore. Elevator El"e*va`tor (?), n. [L., one who raises up, a deliverer: cf. F. \'82l\'82vateur.] One who, or that which, raises or lifts up anything; as: (a) A mechanical contrivance, usually an endless belt or chain with a series of scoops or buckets, for transferring grain to an upper loft for storage. (b) A cage or platform and the hoisting machinery in a hotel, warehouse, mine, etc., for conveying persons, goods, etc., to or from different floors or levels; -- called in England a lift; the cage or platform itself. (c) A building for elevating, storing, and discharging, grain. (d) (Anat.) A muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, as the leg or the eye. (e) (Surg.) An instrument for raising a depressed portion of a bone. Elevator head, leg, AND boot, the boxes in which the upper pulley, belt, and lower pulley, respectively, run in a grain elevator. Elevatory El"e*va`to*ry (?), a. Tending to raise, or having power to elevate; as, elevatory forces. Elevatory El"e*va`to*ry, n. [Cf. F. \'82l\'82vatoire.] (Surg.) See Elevator, n. (e). Dunglison. _________________________________________________________________ Page 480 \'90l\'8ave \'90`l\'8ave" (, n. [F., fr. \'82lever to raise, bring up.] A pupil; a student. Eleven E*lev"en (?), a. [OE. enleven, AS. endleofan, endlufon, for nleofan; akin to LG. eleve, \'94lwe, \'94lwen, D. elf, G. elf, eilf, OHG. einlif, Icel. ellifu, Sw. elfva, Dan. elleve, Goth. ainlif, cf. Lith. v\'89nolika; and fr. the root of E. one + (prob.) a root signifying "to be left over, remain," appearing in E. loan, or perh. in leave, v. t., life. See One, and cf. Twelve.] Ten and one added; as, eleven men. Eleven E*lev"en, n. 1. The sum of ten and one; eleven units or objects. 2. A symbol representing eleven units, as 11 or xi. 3. (Cricket & American Football) The eleven men selected to play on one side in a match, as the representatives of a club or a locality; as, the all-England eleven. Eleventh E*lev"enth (?), a. [Cf. AS. endlyfta. See Eleven.] 1. Next after the tenth; as, the eleventh chapter. 2. Constituting one of eleven parts into which a thing is divided; as, the eleventh part of a thing. 3. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to the interval of the octave and the fourth. Eleventh E*lev"enth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eleven; one of eleven equal parts. 2. (Mus.) The interval consisting of ten conjunct degrees; the interval made up of an octave and a fourth. Elf Elf (?), n.; pl. Elves (#). [AS. \'91lf, ylf; akin to MHG. alp, G. alp nightmare, incubus, Icel. elf, Sw. alf, elfva; cf. Skr. rbhu skillful, artful, rabh to grasp. Cf. Auf, Oaf.] 1. An imaginary supernatural being, commonly a little sprite, much like a fairy; a mythological diminutive spirit, supposed to haunt hills and wild places, and generally represented as delighting in mischievous tricks. Every elf, and fairy sprite, Hop as light as bird from brier. Shak. 2. A very diminutive person; a dwarf. Elf arrow, a flint arrowhead; -- so called by the English rural folk who often find these objects of prehistoric make in the fields and formerly attributed them to fairies; -- called also elf bolt, elf dart, and elf shot. -- Elf child, a child supposed to be left by elves, in room of one they had stolen. See Changeling. -- Elf fire, the ignis fatuus. Brewer. -- Elf owl (Zo\'94l.), a small owl (Micrathene Whitneyi) of Southern California and Arizona. Elf Elf, v. t. To entangle mischievously, as an elf might do. Elf all my hair in knots. Shak. Elfin Elf"in (?), a. Relating to elves. Elfin Elf"in, n. A little elf or urchin. Shenstone. Elfish Elf"ish, a. Of or relating to the elves; elflike; implike; weird; scarcely human; mischievous, as though caused by elves. "Elfish light." Coleridge. The elfish intelligence that was so familiar an expression on her small physiognomy. Hawthorne. Elfishly Elf"ish*ly, adv. In an elfish manner. Elfishness Elf"ish*ness, n. The quality of being elfish. Elfkin Elf"kin (?), n. A little elf. Elfland Elf"land` (?), n. Fairyland. Tennyson. Elflock Elf"lock` (?), n. Hair matted, or twisted into a knot, as if by elves. Elgin marbles El"gin mar"bles (?). Greek sculptures in the British Museum. They were obtained at Athens, about 1811, by Lord Elgin. Elicit E*lic"it (?), a. [L. elictus, p. p. of elicere to elicit; e + lacere to entice. Cf. Delight, Lace.] Elicited; drawn out; made real; open; evident. [Obs.] "An elicit act of equity." Jer. Taylor. Elicit E*lic"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elicited; p. pr. & vb. n. Eliciting.] To draw out or entice forth; to bring to light; to bring out against the will; to deduce by reason or argument; as, to elicit truth by discussion. Elicitate E*lic"i*tate (?), v. t. To elicit. [Obs.] Elicitation E*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of eliciting. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall. Elide E*lide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elided; p. pr. & vb. n. Eliding.] [L. elidere to strike out or off; e + laedere to hurt by striking: cf. F. \'82lider. See Lesion.] 1. To break or dash in pieces; to demolish; as, to elide the force of an argument. [Obs.] Hooker. 2. (Gram.) To cut off, as a vowel or a syllable, usually the final one; to subject to elision. Eligibility El`i*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82ligibilit\'82.] The quality of being eligible; eligibleness; as, the eligibility of a candidate; the eligibility of an offer of marriage. Eligible El"i*gi*ble (?), a. [F. \'82ligible, fr. L. eligere. See Elect.] 1. That may be selected; proper or qualified to be chosen; legally qualified to be elected and to hold office. 2. Worthy to be chosen or selected; suitable; desirable; as, an eligible situation for a house. The more eligible of the two evils. Burke. Eligibleness El"i*gi*ble*ness, n. The quality worthy or qualified to be chosen; suitableness; desirableness. Eligibly El"i*gi*bly, adv. In an eligible manner. Elimate El"i*mate (?), v. t. [L. elimatus, p. p. of elimare to file up; e out + limare to file, fr. lima file.] To render smooth; to polish. [Obs.] Eliminant E*lim"i*nant (?), n. (Math.) The result of eliminating n variables between n homogeneous equations of any degree; -- called also resultant. Eliminate E*lim"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eliminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eliminating (?).] [L. eliminatus, p. p. of eliminare; e out + limen threshold; prob. akin to limes boundary. See Limit.] 1. To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release; to set at liberty. Eliminate my spirit, give it range Through provinces of thought yet unexplored. Young. 2. (Alg.) To cause to disappear from an equation; as, to eliminate an unknown quantity. 3. To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave out of consideration. Eliminate errors that have been gathering and accumulating. Lowth. 4. To obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to deduce; as, to eliminate an idea or a conclusion. [Recent, and not well authorized] 5. (Physiol.) To separate; to expel from the system; to excrete; as, the kidneys eliminate urea, the lungs carbonic acid; to eliminate poison from the system. Elimination E*lim`i*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82limination.] 1. The act of expelling or throwing off; (Physiol.) the act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances through the various emunctories. 2. (Alg.) Act of causing a quantity to disappear from an equation; especially, in the operation of deducing from several equations containing several unknown quantities a less number of equations containing a less number of unknown quantities. 3. The act of obtaining by separation, or as the result of eliminating; deduction. [See Eliminate, 4.] Eliminative E*lim"i*na*tive (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to, or carrying on, elimination. Elinguate E*lin"guate (?), v. t. [L. elinguare.] To deprive of the tongue. [Obs.] Davies (Holy Roode). Elinguation E`lin*gua"tion (?), n. [L. elinguatio. See Elinguid.] (O. Eng. Law) Punishment by cutting out the tongue. Elinguid E*lin"guid (?), a. [L. elinguis, prop., deprived of the tongue; hence, speechless; e + lingua tongue.] Tongue-tied; dumb. [Obs.] Eliquament E*liq"ua*ment (?), n. A liquid obtained from fat, or fat fish, by pressure. Eliquation El`i*qua"tion (?), n. [L. eliquatio, fr. eliquare to clarify, strain; e + liquare to make liquid, melt.] (Metallurgy) The process of separating a fusible substance from one less fusible, by means of a degree of heat sufficient to melt the one and not the other, as an alloy of copper and lead; liquation. Ure. Elison E*li"son (?), n. [L. elisio, fr. elidere, elisum, to strike out: cf. F. \'82lision. See Elide.] 1. Division; separation. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. (Gram.) The cutting off or suppression of a vowel or syllable, for the sake of meter or euphony; esp., in poetry, the dropping of a final vowel standing before an initial vowel in the following word, when the two words are drawn together. Elisor E*li"sor (?), n. [F. \'82liseur, fr. \'82lire to choose, L. eligere. See Elect.] (Eng. Law) An elector or chooser; one of two persons appointed by a court to return a jury or serve a writ when the sheriff and the coroners are disqualified. (?), n. [F., fr. \'82lire to choose, L. eligere. See Elect.] A choice or select body; the flower; as, the \'82lite of society. Elix E*lix" (?), v. t. [See Elixate.] To extract. [Obs.] Marston. Elixate E*lix"ate (?), v. t. [L. elixatus, p. p. of elixare to seethe, fr. elixus thoroughly boiled; e + lixare to boil, lix ashes.] To boil; to seethe; hence, to extract by boiling or seething. [Obs.] Cockeram. Elixation El`ix*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lixation.] A seething; digestion. [Obs.] Burton. Elixir E*lix"ir (?), n. [F. \'82lixir, Sp. elixir, Ar. eliks\'c6r the philosopher's stone, prob. from Gr. ksh\'be to burn.] 1. (Med.) A tincture with more than one base; a compound tincture or medicine, composed of various substances, held in solution by alcohol in some form. 2. (Alchemy) An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting metals into gold; also, one for producing life indefinitely; as, elixir vit\'91, or the elixir of life. 3. The refined spirit; the quintessence. The . . . elixir of worldly delights. South. 4. Any cordial or substance which invigorates. The grand elixir, to support the spirits of human nature. Addison. Elizabethan E*liz"a*beth`an (?), a. Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or her times, esp. to the architecture or literature of her reign; as, the Elizabethan writers, drama, literature. -- n. One who lived in England in the time of Queen Elizabeth. Lowell. Elk Elk (?), n. [Icel. elgr; akin to Sw. elg, AS. eolh, OHG. elaho, MHG. elch, cf. L. alces; perh. akin to E. eland.] (Zo\'94l.) A large deer, of several species. The European elk (Alces machlis or Cervus alces) is closely allied to the American moose. The American elk, or wapiti (Cervus Canadensis), is closely related to the European stag. See Moose, and Wapiti. Irish elk (Paleon.), a large, extinct, Quaternary deer (Cervus giganteus) with widely spreading antlers. Its remains have been found beneath the peat of swamps in Ireland and England. See Illustration in Appendix; also Illustration of Antler. -- Cape elk (Zo\'94l.), the eland. Elk, Elke Elk, Elke (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European wild or whistling swan (Cygnus ferus). Elknut Elk"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) The buffalo nut. See under Buffalo. Elkwood Elk"wood` (?), n. The soft, spongy wood of a species of Magnolia (M. Umbrella). Ell Ell (?), n. [AS. eln; akin to D. el, elle, G. elle, OHG. elina, Icel. alin, Dan. alen, Sw. aln, Goth. alenia, L. ulna elbow, ell, Gr. Elbow, Alnage.] A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45 inches, the Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37. Ell Ell, n. (Arch.) See L. Ellachick El"la*chick (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus marmoratus) of California; -- used as food. Ellagic El*lag"ic (?), a. [F., fr. galle gall (with the letters reversed).] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, gallnuts or gallic acid; as, ellagic acid. Ellagic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C14H8O9, found in bezoar stones, and obtained by the oxidation of gallic acid. Ellebore El"le*bore (?), n. Hellebore. [Obs.] Chaucer. Elleborin El*leb"o*rin (?), n. See Helleborin. Elleck El"leck (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The red gurnard or cuckoo fish. [Prov. Eng.] Ellenge, Ellinge, a., Ellengeness, Ellingeness El"lenge (?), El"linge (?), a., El"lenge*ness, El"linge*ness, n. See Elenge, Elengeness. [Obs.] Elles El"les (?), adv. & conj. See Else. [Obs.] Ellipse El*lipse" (?), n. [Gr. ellipse. See Ellipsis.] 1. (Geom.) An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis. See Conic section, under Conic, and cf. Focus. 2. (Gram.) Omission. See Ellipsis. 3. The elliptical orbit of a planet. The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun; The dark Earth follows wheeled in her ellipse. Tennyson. Ellipsis El*lip"sis (?), n.; pl. Ellipses (#). [L., fr. Gr. In, and Loan, and cf. Ellipse.] 1. (Gram.) Omission; a figure of syntax, by which one or more words, which are obviously understood, are omitted; as, the virtues I admire, for, the virtues which I admire. 2. (Geom.) An ellipse. [Obs.] Ellipsograph El*lip"so*graph (?), n. [Ellipse + graph: cf. F. ellipsographe.] An instrument for describing ellipses; -- called also trammel. Ellipsoid El*lip"soid (?), n. [Ellipse + -oid: cf. F. ellipsoide.] (Geom.) A solid, all plane sections of which are ellipses or circles. See Conoid, n., 2 (a). NOTE: &hand; Th e el lipsoid has three principal plane sections, a, b, and c, each at right angles to the other two, and each dividing the solid into two equal and symmetrical parts. The lines of meeting of these principal sections are the axes, or principal diameters of the ellipsoid. The point where the three planes meet is the center. Ellipsoid of revolution, a spheroid; a solid figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes. It is called a prolate spheroid, or prolatum, when the ellipse is revolved about the major axis, and an oblate spheroid, or oblatum, when it is revolved about the minor axis. Ellipsoid, Ellipsoidal El*lip"soid (?), El`lip*soi"dal (?), a. Pertaining to, or shaped like, an ellipsoid; as, ellipsoid or ellipsoidal form. Elliptic, Elliptical El*lip"tic (?), El*lip"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. elliptique. See Ellipsis.] 1. Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an ellipse; oblong, with rounded ends. The planets move in elliptic orbits. Cheyne. 2. Having a part omitted; as, an elliptical phrase. Elliptic chuck. See under Chuck. -- Elliptic compasses, an instrument arranged for drawing ellipses. -- Elliptic function. (Math.) See Function. -- Elliptic integral. (Math.) See Integral. -- Elliptic polarization. See under Polarization. Elliptically El*lip"tic*al*ly, adv. 1. In the form of an ellipse. 2. With a part omitted; as, elliptically expressed. Ellipticity El`lip*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ellipticit\'82.] Deviation of an ellipse or a spheroid from the form of a circle or a sphere; especially, in reference to the figure of the earth, the difference between the equatorial and polar semidiameters, divided by the equatorial; thus, the ellipticity of the earth is . NOTE: &hand; So me wr iters us e el lipticity as th e ratio of the difference of the two semiaxes to the minor axis, instead of the major. Nichol. Elliptic-lanceolate El*lip"tic-lan"ce*o*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having a form intermediate between elliptic and lanceolate. Elliptograph El*lip"to*graph (?), n. Same as Ellipsograph. Ellwand Ell"wand (?), n. Formerly, a measuring rod an ell long. Elm Elm (?), n. [AS. elm; akin to D. olm, OHG. elm, G. ulme, Icel. almr, Dan. & Sw. alm, L. ulmus, and E. alder. Cf. Old.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Ulmus, of several species, much used as a shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is Ulmus campestris; the common American or white elm is U. Americana; the slippery or red elm, U. fulva. Elm beetle (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of beetles (esp. Galeruca calmariensis), which feed on the leaves of the elm. -- Elm borer (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of beetles of which the larv\'91 bore into the wood or under the bark of the elm (esp. Saperda tridentata). -- Elm butterfly (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of butterflies, which, in the caterpillar state, feed on the leaves of the elm (esp. Vanessa antiopa and Grapta comma). See Comma butterfly, under Comma. -- Elm moth (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of moths of which the larv\'91 destroy the leaves of the elm (esp. Eugonia subsignaria, called elm spanworm). -- Elm sawfly (Zo\'94l.), a large sawfly (Cimbex Americana). The larva, which is white with a black dorsal stripe, feeds on the leaves of the elm. Elmen Elm"en (?), a. Belonging to elms. [Obs.] Elmo's fire El"mo's fire` (?). See Corposant; also Saint Elmo's Fire, under Saint. Elmy Elm"y (?), a. Abounding with elms. The simple spire and elmy grange. T. Warton. Elocation El`o*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. e- + locate.] 1. A removal from the usual place of residence. [Obs.] 2. Departure from the usual state; an ecstasy. [Obs.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 481 Elocular E*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. e- + locular.] Having but one cell, or cavity; not divided by a septum or partition. Elocution El`o*cu"tion (?), n. [L. elocutio, fr. eloqui, elocutus, to speak out: cf. F. \'82locution. See Eloquent.] 1. Utterance by speech. [R.] [Fruit] whose taste . . . Gave elocution to the mute, and taught The tongue not made for speech to speak thy praise. Milton. 2. Oratorical or expressive delivery, including the graces of intonation, gesture, etc.; style or manner of speaking or reading in public; as, clear, impressive elocution. "The elocution of a reader." Whately 3. Suitable and impressive writing or style; eloquent diction. [Obs.] To express these thoughts with elocution. Dryden. Elocutionary El`o*cu"tion*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to elocution. Elocutionist El`o*cu"tion*ist, n. One who is versed in elocution; a teacher of elocution. Elocutive El"o*cu`tive (?), a. Pertaining to oratorical expression. [Obs.] Feltham. Elodian E*lo"di*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of tortoises, including the terrapins, etc., in which the head and neck can be withdrawn. (?), n. [F. See Elogium.] A panegyrical funeral oration. Elogist El"o*gist (?), n. [F. \'82logiste.] One who pronounces an \'82loge. Elogium, Elogy E*lo"gi*um (?), El"o*gy (?), n. [L. elogium a short saying, an inscription, fr. Gr. .] The praise bestowed on a person or thing; panegyric; eulogy. Elohim E*lo"him (?), n. [Heb.] One of the principal names by which God is designated in the Hebrew Scriptures. Elohist E*lo"hist (?), n. The writer, or one of the writers, of the passages of the Old Testament, notably those of Elohim instead of Jehovah, as the name of the Supreme Being; -- distinguished from Jehovist. S. Davidson. Elohistic El`o*his"tic (?), a. Relating to Elohim as a name of God; -- said of passages in the Old Testament. Eloign E*loign" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eloigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eloigning.] [F. \'82loigner, OF. esloignier; pref. es- (L. ex) + OF. & F. loin far, far off, L. longe, fr. longus long. See Elongate.] >[Written also eloin.] 1. To remove afar off; to withdraw. [Obs.] From worldly cares he did himself eloign. Spenser. 2. (Law) To convey to a distance, or beyond the jurisdiction, or to conceal, as goods liable to distress. The sheriff may return that the goods or beasts are eloigned. Blackstone. Eloignate E*loign"ate (?), v. t. To remove. [Obs.] Howell. Eloignment E*loign"ment (?), n. [F. \'82loignement.] Removal to a distance; withdrawal. [Obs.] Eloin E*loin" (?), v. t. See Eloign. Eloinate E*loin"ate (?), v. t. See Eloignate. Eloinment E*loin"ment (?), n. See Eloignment. Elong E*long" (?; 115), v. t. [See Eloign, Elongate.] 1. To lengthen out; to prolong. [Obs.] 2. To put away; to separate; to keep off. [Obs.] Wyatt. Elongate E*lon"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elongated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elongating.] [LL. elongatus, p. p. of elongare to remove, to prolong; e + L. longus long. See Long, a., and cf. Eloign.] 1. To lengthen; to extend; to stretch; as, to elongate a line. 2. To remove further off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Elongate E*lon"gate, v. i. To depart to, or be at, a distance; esp., to recede apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. [R.] Elongate E*lon"gate (?), a. [LL. elongatus.] Drawn out at length; elongated; as, an elongate leaf. "An elongate form." Earle. Elongation E`lon*ga"tion (?; 277), n. [LL. elongatio: cf. F. \'82longation.] 1. The act of lengthening, or the state of being lengthened; protraction; extension. "Elongation of the fibers." Arbuthnot. 2. That which lengthens out; continuation. May not the mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland be considered as elongations of these two chains? Pinkerton. 3. Removal to a distance; withdrawal; a being at a distance; distance. The distant points in the celestial expanse appear to the eye in so small a degree of elongation from one another, as bears no proportion to what is real. Glanvill. 4. (Astron.) The angular distance of a planet from the sun; as, the elongation of Venus or Mercury. Elope E*lope" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eloping.] [D. ontloopen to run away; pref. ont- (akin to G. ent-, AS. and-, cf. E. answer) + loopen to run; akin to E. leap. See Leap, v. t.] To run away, or escape privately, from the place or station to which one is bound by duty; -- said especially of a woman or a man, either married or unmarried, who runs away with a paramour or a sweetheart. Great numbers of them [the women] have eloped from their allegiance. Addison. Elopement E*lope"ment (?), n. The act of eloping; secret departure; -- said of a woman and a man, one or both, who run away from their homes for marriage or for cohabitation. Eloper E*lop"er (?), n. One who elopes. Elops E"lops (?), n. [L. elops, helops, a kind of sea fish, Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes. See Saury. 2. A mythical serpent. [Obs.] Milton. Eloquence El"o*quence (?), n. [F. \'82loquence, L. eloquentia, fr. eloquens. See Eloquent.] 1. Fluent, forcible, elegant, and persuasive speech in public; the power of expressing strong emotions in striking and appropriate language either spoken or written, thereby producing conviction or persuasion. Eloquence is speaking out . . . out of the abundance of the heart. Hare. 2. Fig.: Whatever produces the effect of moving and persuasive speech. Silence that spoke and eloquence of eyes. Pope. The hearts of men are their books; events are their tutors; great actions are their eloquence. Macaulay. 3. That which is eloquently uttered or written. O, let my books be then the eloquence And dumb presagers of my speaking breast. Shak. Syn. -- Oratory; rhetoric. Eloquent El"o*quent (?), a. [F. \'82loquent, L. eloquens, -entis, p. pr. of eloqui to speak out, declaim; e + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] 1. Having the power of expressing strong emotions or forcible arguments in an elevated, impassioned, and effective manner; as, an eloquent orator or preacher. O Death, all-eloquent! You only prove What dust we dote on when 't is man we love. Pope. 2. Adapted to express strong emotion or to state facts arguments with fluency and power; as, an eloquent address or statement; an eloquent appeal to a jury. Eloquently El"o*quent*ly, adv. In an eloquent manner. Elrich OR Elritch El"rich (?) OR El"ritch, a. Ghastly; preternatural. Same as Eldritch. [Scot. & Local, Eng.] Else Else (?), a. & pron. [OE. & AS. elles otherwise, gen. sing. of an adj. signifying other; akin to OHG. elles otherwise, OSw. \'84ljes, Sw. eljest, Goth. aljis, adj., other, L. alius, Gr. Alias, Alien.] Other; one or something beside; as, Who else is coming? What else shall I give? Do you expect anything else? "Bastards and else." Shak. NOTE: &hand; This word always follows its noun. It is usual to give the possessive form to else rather than to the substantive; as, somebody else's; no one else's. "A boy who is fond of somebody else's pencil case." G. Eliot. "A suit of clothes like everybody else's." Thackeray. Else Else, adv. & conj. 1. Besides; except that mentioned; in addition; as, nowhere else; no one else. 2. Otherwise; in the other, or the contrary, case; if the facts were different. For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it. Ps. li. 16. NOTE: &hand; Af ter \'bfor', else is sometimes used expletively, as simply noting an alternative. "Will you give thanks, . . . or else shall I?" Shak. Elsewhere Else"where` (?), adv. 1. In any other place; as, these trees are not to be found elsewhere. 2. In some other place; in other places, indefinitely; as, it is reported in town and elsewhere. Elsewhither Else"whith`er (?), adv. To some, or any, other place; as, you will have to go elsewhither for it. R. of Gloucester."For elsewhither was I bound." Carlyle. Elsewise Else"wise` (?), adv. Otherwise. [R.] Elsin El"sin (?), n. A shoemaker's awl. [Prov. Eng.] Elucidate E*lu"ci*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elucidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elucidating (?).] [LL. elucidatus, p. p. of elucidare; e + lucidus full of light, clear. See Lucid.] To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to illustrate; as, an example will elucidate the subject. Elucidation E*lu`ci*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lucidation.] A making clear; the act of elucidating or that which elucidates, as an explanation, an exposition, an illustration; as, one example may serve for further elucidation of the subject. Elucidative E*lu"ci*da`tive (?), a. Making clear; tending to elucidate; as, an elucidative note. Elucidator E*lu"ci*da`tor (?), n. One who explains or elucidates; an expositor. Elucidatory E*lu"ci*da*to*ry (?), a. Tending to elucidate; elucidative. [R.] Eluctate E*luc"tate (?), v. i. [L. eluctatus, p. p. of eluctari to struggle out; e + luctari to wrestle.] To struggle out; -- with out. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket. Eluctation E`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. eluctatio.] A struggling out of any difficulty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Elucubrate E*lu"cu*brate (?), v. i. [L. elucubratus, p. p. of elucubrare to compose by lamplight.] See Lucubrate. [Obs.] Blount. Elucubration E*lu`cu*bra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lucubration.] See Lucubration. [Obs.] Evelyn. Elude E*lude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eluding.] [L. eludere, elusum; e + ludere to play: cf. F. \'82luder. See Ludicrous.] To avoid slyly, by artifice, stratagem, or dexterity; to escape from in a covert manner; to mock by an unexpected escape; to baffle; as, to elude an officer; to elude detection, inquiry, search, comprehension; to elude the force of an argument or a blow. Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then, hid in shades, eludes he eager swain. Pope. The transition from fetichism to polytheism seems a gradual process of which the stages elude close definition. Tylor. Syn. -- To evade; avoid; escape; shun; eschew; flee; mock; baffle; frustrate; foil. Eludible E*lud"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being eluded; evadible. Elul E"lul (?), n. [Heb.] The sixth month of the Jewish year, by the sacred reckoning, or the twelfth, by the civil reckoning, corresponding nearly to the month of September. Elumbated E*lum"ba*ted (?), a. [L. elumbis; e + lumbus loin.] Weak or lame in the loins. [Obs.] Elusion E*lu"sion (?), n. [LL. elusio, fr. L. eludere, elusum. See Elude.] Act of eluding; adroit escape, as by artifice; a mockery; a cheat; trickery. Elusive E*lu"sive (?), a. Tending to elude; using arts or deception to escape; adroitly escaping or evading; eluding the grasp; fallacious. Elusive of the bridal day, she gives Fond hopes to all, and all with hopes deceives. Pope. -- E*lu"sive*ly, adv. -- E*lu"sive*ness, n. Elusory E*lu"so*ry (?), a. [LL. elusorius.] Tending to elude or deceive; evasive; fraudulent; fallacious; deceitful; deceptive. -- E*lu"so*ri*ness (#), n. Elute E*lute" (?), v. t. [L. elutus, p. p. of eluers to elute; e + luere to wash.] To wash out. [R.] Arbuthnot. Elutriate E*lu"tri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elutriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elutriating (?).] [L. elutriatus, p. p. of elutriare.] To wash or strain out so as to purify; as, to elutriate the blood as it passes through the lungs; to strain off or decant, as a powder which is separated from heavier particles by being drawn off with water; to cleanse, as by washing. Elutriation E*lu`tri*a"tion (?), n. The process of elutriating; a decanting or racking off by means of water, as finer particles from heavier. Eluxate E*lux"ate (?), v. t. [Pref. e- + luxate.] To dislocate; to luxate. Eluxation E`lux*a"tion (?), n. Dislocation; luxation. Elvan Elv"an (?), a. 1. Pertaining to elves; elvish. 2. (Mining) Of or pertaining to certain veins of feldspathic or porphyritic rock crossing metalliferous veins in the mining districts of Cornwall; as, an elvan course. Elvan, Elvanite Elv"an, Elv"an*ite (?), n. The rock of an elvan vein, or the elvan vein itself; an elvan course. Elve Elve (?), n. An old form of Elf. Elver El"ver (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young eel; a young conger or sea eel; -- called also elvene. Elves Elves (?), n.; pl. of Elf. Elvish Elv"ish (?), a. 1. Pertaining to elves; implike; mischievous; weird; also, vacant; absent in demeanor. See Elfish. He seemeth elvish by his countenance. Chaucer. 2. Mysterious; also, foolish. [Obs.] Elvishly Elv"ish*ly, adv. In an elvish manner. Sir W. Scott. Elwand El"wand (?), n. [Obs.] See Ellwand. Elysian E*ly"sian (?), a. [L. Elysius, fr. Elysium.] Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence, yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific. "Elysian shades." Massinger. "Elysian age." Beattie. This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life elysian. Longfellow. Elysium E*ly"sium (?), n.; pl. E. Elysiums (#), L. Elysia (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Myth.) 1. A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the seat of future happiness; Paradise. 2. Hence, any delightful place. An Elysian more pure and bright than that pf the Greeks. I. Taylor. Elytriform E*lyt"ri*form (?), a. [Elytrum + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form, or structure, of an elytron. Elytrin El"y*trin (?), n. [From Elytrum.] (Chem.) See Chitin. Elytroid El"y*troid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a beetle's wing case. Elytron; 277, Elytrum El"y*tron (?; 277), El"y*trum (-tr n.; pl. Elytra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the anterior pair of wings in the Coleoptera and some other insects, when they are thick and serve only as a protection for the posterior pair. See Coleoptera. (b) One of the shieldlike dorsal scales of certain annelids. See Ch\'91topoda. Elzevir El"ze*vir (?), a. (Bibliog.) Applied to books or editions (esp. of the Greek New Testament and the classics) printed and published by the Elzevir family at Amsterdam, Leyden, etc., from about 1592 to 1680; also, applied to a round open type introduced by them. The Elzevir editions are valued for their neatness, and the elegant small types used. Brande & C. 'Em 'Em (?). An obsolete or colloquial contraction of the old form hem, them. Addison. Em Em (?), n. (Print.) The portion of a line formerly occupied by the letter m, then a square type, used as a unit by which to measure the amount of printed matter on a page; the square of the body of a type. Em- Em-. A prefix. See En-. Emacerate E*mac"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. emaceratus emaciated; e + macerare to make soft.] To make lean or to become lean; to emaciate. [Obs.] Bullokar. Emaceration E*mac`er*a"tion (?), n. Emaciation. [Obs.] Emaciate E*ma"ci*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emaciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emaciating.] [L. emaciatus, p. p. of emaciare to make lean; e + maciare to make lean or meager, fr. macies leanness, akin to macer lean. See Meager.] To lose flesh gradually and become very lean; to waste away in flesh. "He emaciated and pined away." Sir T. Browne. Emaciate E*ma"ci*ate, v. t. To cause to waste away in flesh and become very lean; as, his sickness emaciated him. Emaciate E*ma"ci*ate (?), a. [L. emaciatus, p. p.] Emaciated. "Emaciate steeds." T. Warton. Emaciation E*ma`ci*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82maciation.] 1. The act of making very lean. 2. The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an excessively lean condition. Emaculate E*mac"u*late (?), v. t. [L. emaculatus, p. p. of emaculare to clear from spots. See Maculate.] To clear from spots or stains, or from any imperfection. [Obs.] Hales. Emaculation E*mac`u*la"tion (?), n. The act of clearing from spots. [Obs.] Johnson. \'92mail ombrant \'92`mail` om`brant" (?). [F., shaded enamel.] (Fine Arts) An art or process of flooding transparent colored glaze over designs stamped or molded on earthenware or porcelain. Ure. Emanant Em"a*nant (?), a. [L. emanans, -antis, p. pr. of emanare. See Emanate.] Issuing or flowing forth; emanating; passing forth into an act, or making itself apparent by an effect; -- said of mental acts; as, an emanant volition. Emanate Em"a*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emanated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emanating.] [L. emanare, emanatum, to emanate; e out + manare to flow, prob. for madnare, and akin to madere to be wet, drip, madidus wet, drenched, drunk, Gr. mad to boil, matta drunk. Cf. Emane.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 482 1. To issue forth from a source; to flow out from more or less constantly; as, fragrance emanates from flowers. 2. To proceed from, as a source or fountain; to take origin; to arise, to originate. That subsisting from of government from which all special laws emanate. De Quincey. Syn. -- To flow; arise; proceed; issue; originate. Emanate Em"a*nate (?), a. Issuing forth; emanant. [R.] Emanation Em`a*na"tion (?), n. [L. emanatio: cf. F. \'82manation.] 1. The act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain head or origin. South. Those profitable and excellent emanations from God. Jer. Taylor. 2. That which issues, flows, or proceeds from any object as a source; efflux; an effluence; as, perfume is an emanation from a flower. An emanation of the indwelling life. Bryant. Emanative Em"a*na*tive (?), a. Issuing forth; effluent. Emanatively Em"a*na*tive*ly, adv. By an emanation. Emanatory Em"a*na*to*ry (?), a. Emanative; of the nature of an emanation. Dr. H. More. Emancipate E*man"ci*pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emancipated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emancipating.] [L. emancipatus, p. p. of emancipare to emancipate; e + mancipare to transfer ownership in, fr. manceps purchaser, as being one who laid his hand on the thing bought; manus hand + capere to take. See Manual, and Capable.] To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as: (a) To set free, as a minor from a parent; as, a father may emancipate a child. (b) To set free from bondage; to give freedom to; to manumit; as, to emancipate a slave, or a country. Brasidas . . . declaring that he was sent to emancipate Hellas. Jowett (Thucyd. ). (c) To free from any controlling influence, especially from anything which exerts undue or evil influence; as, to emancipate one from prejudices or error. From how many troublesome and slavish impertinences . . . he had emancipated and freed himself. Evelyn. To emancipate the human conscience. A. W. Ward. Emancipate E*man"ci*pate (?), a. [L. emancipatus, p. p.] Set at liberty. Emancipation E*man`ci*pa"tion (?), n. [L. emancipatio: cf. F. \'82mancipation.] The act of setting free from the power of another, from slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence; also, the state of being thus set free; liberation; as, the emancipation of slaves; the emancipation of minors; the emancipation of a person from prejudices; the emancipation of the mind from superstition; the emancipation of a nation from tyranny or subjection. Syn. -- Deliverance; liberation; release; freedom; manumission; enfranchisement. Emancipationist E*man`ci*pa"tion*ist, n. An advocate of emancipation, esp. the emancipation of slaves. Emancipator E*man"ci*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who emancipates. Emancipatory E*man"ci*pa*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to emancipation, or tending to effect emancipation. "Emancipatory laws." G. Eliot. Emancipist E*man"ci*pist (?), n. A freed convict. [Australia] Emarginate E*mar"gi*nate (?), v. t. [L. emarginare; e out + marginare to furnish with a margin, fr. margo margin.] To take away the margin of. Emarginate, Emarginated E*mar"gi*nate (?), E*mar"gi*na`ted (?), a. 1. Having the margin interrupted by a notch or shallow sinus. 2. (Bot.) Notched at the summit. 3. (Cryst.) Having the edges truncated. Emarginately E*mar"gi*nate*ly, adv. In an emarginate manner. Emargination E*mar`gi*na"tion (?), n. The act of notching or indenting the margin, or the state of being so notched; also, a notch or shallow sinus in a margin. Emasculate E*mas"cu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emasculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emasculating (?).] [L. emasculare; e + masculus male, masculine. See Male masculine.] 1. To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate power; to castrate; to geld. 2. To deprive of masculine vigor or spirit; to weaken; to render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness. Luxury had not emasculated their minds. V. Knox. Emasculate E*mas"cu*late (?), a. Deprived of virility or vigor; unmanned; weak. "Emasculate slave." Hammond. Emasculation E*mas`cu*la"tion (?), n. 1. The act of depriving of virility, or the state of being so deprived; castration. 2. The act of depriving, or state of being deprived, of vigor or strength; unmanly weakness. Emasculator E*mas"cu*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, emasculates. Emasculatory E*mas"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. Serving or tending to emasculate. Embace Em*bace" (?), v. t. See Embase. [Obs.] Embale Em*bale" (?), v. t. [F. emballer; pref. em- (L. in) + balle bale. See 1st Bale.] [Obs.] 1. To make up into a bale or pack. Johnson. 2. To bind up; to inclose. Legs . . . embaled in golden buskins. Spenser. Emball Em*ball" (?), v. t. [See Embale.] To encircle or embrace. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Embalm Em*balm" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embalmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embalming.] [F. embaumer; pref. em- (L. in) + baume balm. See Balm.] 1. To anoint all over with balm; especially, to preserve from decay by means of balm or other aromatic oils, or spices; to fill or impregnate (a dead body), with aromatics and drugs that it may resist putrefaction. Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm embalmed Israel. Gem. l. 2. 2. To fill or imbue with sweet odor; to perfume. With fresh dews embalmed the earth. Milton. 3. To preserve from decay or oblivion as if with balm; to perpetuate in remembrance. Those tears eternal that embalm the dead. Pope. Embalmer Em*balm"er (?), n. One who embalms. Embalmment Em*balm"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embaumement.] The act of embalming. [R.] Malone. Embank Em*bank" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embanking.] [Pref. em- + bank. Cf. Imbank.] To throw up a bank so as to confine or to defend; to protect by a bank of earth or stone. Embankment Em*bank"ment (?), n. 1. The act of surrounding or defending with a bank. 2. A structure of earth, gravel, etc., raised to prevent water from overflowing a level tract of country, to retain water in a reservoir, or to carry a roadway, etc. Embar Em*bar" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embanking.] [Pref. em- + bar: cf. F. embarrer. Cf. Embargo.] 1. To bar or shut in; to inclose securely, as with bars. Where fast embarred in mighty brazen wall. Spenser. 2. To stop; to hinder by prohibition; to block up. He embarred all further trade. Bacon. Embarcation Em`bar*ca"tion (?), n. Same as Embarkation. Embarge Em*barge" (?), v. t. To put in a barge. [Poetic] Drayton. Embargo Em*bar"go (?), n.; pl. Embargoes (#). [Sp., fr. embargar to arrest, restrain; pref. em- (L. in) + Sp. barra bar, akin to F. barre bar. See Bar.] An edict or order of the government prohibiting the departure of ships of commerce from some or all of the ports within its dominions; a prohibition to sail. NOTE: &hand; If th e em bargo is la id on an enemy's ships, it is called a hostile embargo; if on the ships belonging to citizens of the embargoing state, it is called a civil embargo. Embargo Em*bar"go, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embargoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embargoing.] To lay an embargo on and thus detain; to prohibit from leaving port; -- said of ships, also of commerce and goods. Embark Em*bark" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embarking.] [F. embarquer; pref. em- (L. in) + barque bark: cf. Sp. embarcar, It. imbarcare. See Bark. a vessel.] 1. To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on shipboard. 2. To engage, enlist, or invest (as persons, money, etc.) in any affair; as, he embarked his fortune in trade. It was the reputation of the sect upon which St. Paul embarked his salvation. South. Embark Em*bark", v. i. 1. To go on board a vessel or a boat for a voyage; as, the troops embarked for Lisbon. 2. To engage in any affair. Slow to embark in such an undertaking. Macaulay. Embarkation Em`bar*ka"tion (?), n. 1. The act of putting or going on board of a vessel; as, the embarkation of troops. 2. That which is embarked; as, an embarkation of Jesuits. Smollett. Embarkment Em*bark"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embarquement.] Embarkation. [R.] Middleton. Embarrass Em*bar"rass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarrassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embarrassing.] [F. embarrasser (cf. Sp. embarazar, Pg. embara, Pr. barras bar); pref. em- (L. in) + LL. barra bar. See Bar.] 1. To hinder from freedom of thought, speech, or action by something which impedes or confuses mental action; to perplex; to discompose; to disconcert; as, laughter may embarrass an orator. 2. To hinder from liberty of movement; to impede; to obstruct; as, business is embarrassed; public affairs are embarrassed. 3. (Com.) To involve in difficulties concerning money matters; to incumber with debt; to beset with urgent claims or demands; -- said of a person or his affairs; as, a man or his business is embarrassed when he can not meet his pecuniary engagements. Syn. -- To hinder; perplex; entangle; confuse; puzzle; disconcert; abash; distress. -- To Embarrass, Puzzle, Perplex. We are puzzled when our faculties are confused by something we do not understand. We are perplexed when our feelings, as well as judgment, are so affected that we know not how to decide or act. We are embarrassed when there is some bar or hindrance upon us which impedes our powers of thought, speech, or motion. A schoolboy is puzzled by a difficult sum; a reasoner is perplexed by the subtleties of his opponent; a youth is sometimes so embarrassed before strangers as to lose his presence of mind. Embarrass Em*bar"rass, n. [F. embarras. See Embarrass, v. t.] Embarrassment. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton. Embarrassment Em*bar"rass*ment (?), n. [F. embarrassement.] 1. A state of being embarrassed; perplexity; impediment to freedom of action; entanglement; hindrance; confusion or discomposure of mind, as from not knowing what to do or to say; disconcertedness. The embarrassment which inexperienced minds have often to express themselves upon paper. W. Irving. The embarrassments tom commerce growing out of the late regulations. Bancroft. 2. Difficulty or perplexity arising from the want of money to pay debts. Embase Em*base" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + base, a. or v. t.: cf. OF. embaissier.] To bring down or lower, as in position, value, etc.; to debase; to degrade; to deteriorate. [Obs.] Embased the valleys, and embossed the hills. Sylvester. Alloy in coin of gold . . . may make the metal work the better, but it embaseth it. Bacon. Such pitiful embellishments of speech as serve for nothing but to embase divinity. South. Embasement Em*base"ment (?), n. [From Embase, v. t.] Act of bringing down; depravation; deterioration. South. Embassade Em"bas*sade (?), n. [F. ambassade. See Embassy.] An embassy. See Ambassade. [Obs.] Shak. Embassador Em*bas"sa*dor (?), n. [F. ambassadeur, Sp. embajador, LL. ambassiator, ambasciator. See Embassy, and cf. Ambassador.] Same as Ambassador. Stilbon, that was a wise embassadour, Was sent to Corinth. Chaucer. Myself my king's embassador will go. Dryden. Embassadorial Em*bas`sa*do"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ambassadorial.] Same as Ambassadorial. Embassadress Em*bas"sa*dress (?), n. [Cf. F. ambassadrice.] Same as Ambassadress. Embassadry Em*bas"sa*dry (?), n. [Cf. OF. ambassaderie.] Embassy. [Obs.] Leland. Embassage Em"bas*sage (?; 48), n. 1. An embassy. "He sent a solemn embassage." Bacon. Except your embassages have better success. Motley. 2. Message; errand. Shak. Embassy Em"bas*sy (?), n.; pl. Embassies (#). [OF. ambass\'82e, embasc\'82e, LL. ambasciata, fr. ambasciare for ambactiare to go on a mission, fr. L. ambactus vassal, dependent, of Celtic or German origin; cf. W. amaeth husbandman, Goth. andbahts servant, G. amt office, OHG. ambaht. Cf. Ambassador.] 1. The public function of an ambassador; the charge or business intrusted to an ambassador or to envoys; a public message to; foreign court concerning state affairs; hence, any solemn message. He sends the angels on embassies with his decrees. Jer. Taylor. 2. The person or persons sent as ambassadors or envoys; the ambassador and his suite; envoys. 3. The residence or office of an ambassador. NOTE: &hand; Sometimes, but rarely, spelled ambassy. Embastardize Em*bas"tard*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bastardize.] To bastardize. [Obs.] Embathe Em*bathe" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bathe. Cf. Imbathe.] To bathe; to imbathe. Embattail Em*bat"tail (?), v. t. [See Embattle.] To furnish with battlements; to fortify as with battlements. [Archaic] To embattail and to wall about thy cause With iron-worded proof. Tennyson. Embattle Em*bat"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embattling (?).] [OF. embataillier; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bataille battle. See Battle, and cf. Battlement.] To arrange in order of battle; to array for battle; also, to prepare or arm for battle; to equip as for battle. One in bright arms embattled full strong. Spenser. Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the shot heard round the world. Emerson. Embattle Em*bat"tle, v. i. To be arrayed for battle. [Obs.] Embattle Em*bat"tle, v. t. [See Battlement.] To furnish with battlements. "Embattled house." Wordsworth. Embattled Em*bat"tled (?), a. 1. Having indentations like a battlement. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Her.) Having the edge broken like battlements; -- said of a bearing such as a fess, bend, or the like. 3. Having been the place of battle; as, an embattled plain or field. J. Baillie. Embattlement Em*bat"tle*ment (?), n. 1. An intended parapet; a battlement. 2. The fortifying of a building or a wall by means of battlements. Embay Em*bay" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bay to bathe.] To bathe; to soothe or lull as by bathing. [Obs.] Spenser. Embay Em*bay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embaying.] [Pref. em- + 1st bay.] To shut in, or shelter, as in a bay. If that the Turkish fleet Be not ensheltered and embayed, they are drowned. Shak. Embayment Em*bay"ment (?), n. A bay. [R.] The embayment which is terminated by the land of North Berwick. Sir W. Scott. Embeam Em*beam" (?), v. t. To make brilliant with beams. [R.] G. Fletcher. Embed Em*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Embedding.] [Pref. em- + bed. Cf. Imbed.] To lay as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; to bed; as, to embed a thing in clay, mortar, or sand. Embedment Em*bed"ment (?), n. The act of embedding, or the state of being embedded. Embellish Em*bel"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embellished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embellishing.] [OE. embelisen, embelisshen, F. embellir; pref. em- (L. in) + bel, beau, beautiful. See Beauty.] To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; to decorate; to adorn; as, to embellish a book with pictures, a garden with shrubs and flowers, a narrative with striking anecdotes, or style with metaphors. Syn. -- To adorn; beautify; deck; bedeck; decorate; garnish; enrich; ornament; illustrate. See Adorn. Embellisher Em*bel"lish*er (?), n. One who embellishes. Embellishment Em*bel"lish*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embellissement.] 1. The act of adorning, or the state of being adorned; adornment. In the selection of their ground, as well as in the embellishment of it. Prescott. 2. That which adds beauty or elegance; ornament; decoration; as, pictorial embellishments. The graces and embellishments of the exterior man. I. Taylor. Ember Em"ber (?), n. [OE. emmeres, emeres, AS. ; akin to Icel. eimyrja, Dan. emmer, MHG. eimere; cf. Icel. eimr vapor, smoke.] A lighted coal, smoldering amid ashes; -- used chiefly in the plural, to signify mingled coals and ashes; the smoldering remains of a fire. "He rakes hot embers." Dryden. He takes a lighted ember out of the covered vessel. Colebrooke. Ember Em"ber, a. [OE. ymber, AS. ymbren, ymbryne, prop., running around, circuit; ymbe around + ryne a running, fr. rinnan to run. See Amb-, and Run.] Making a circuit of the year of the seasons; recurring in each quarter of the year; as, ember fasts. _________________________________________________________________ Page 483 Ember days (R. C. & Eng. Ch.), days set apart for fasting and prayer in each of the four seasons of the year. The Council of Placentia [A. D. 1095] appointed for ember days the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsuntide, the 14th of September, and the 13th of December. The weeks in which these days fall are called ember weeks. Ember-goose Em"ber-goose` (?), n. [Cf. Norw. ember, hav-imber, hav-immer, Icel. himbrin, himbrimi.] (Zo\'94l.) The loon or great northern diver. See Loon. [Written also emmer-goose and imber-goose.] Emberings Em"ber*ings (?), n. pl. Ember days. [Obs.] Embetter Em*bet"ter (?), v. t. To make better. [Obs.] Embezzle Em*bez"zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embezzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embezzling (?).] [Norm. F. embeseiller to destroy; cf. OF. besillier to ill treat, ravage, destroy. Cf. Bezzle.] 1. To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use, as property intrusted to one's care; to apply to one's private uses by a breach of trust; as, to embezzle money held in trust. 2. To misappropriate; to waste; to dissipate in extravagance. [Obs.] To embezzle our money in drinking or gaming. Sharp. Embezzlement Em*bez"zle*ment (?), n. The fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it has been intrusted; as, the embezzlement by a clerk of his employer's; embezzlement of public funds by the public officer having them in charge. NOTE: &hand; La rceny de notes a taking, by fraud or stealth, from another's possession; embezzlement denotes an appropriation, by fraud or stealth, of property already in the wrongdoer's possession. In England and in most of the United States embezzlement is made indictable by statute. Embezzler Em*bez"zler (?), n. One who embezzles. Embillow Em*bil"low (?), v. i. To swell or heave like a [R.] Lisle. Embiotocoid Em`bi*ot"o*coid (?), a. [NL. Embiotoca, the name of one genus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to, or resembling, the Embiotocid\'91. -- n. One of a family of fishes (Embiotocid\'91) abundant on the coast of California, remarkable for being viviparous; -- also called surf fishes and viviparous fishes. See Illust. in Append. Embitter Em*bit"ter (?), v. t. To make bitter or sad. See Imbitter. Embitterment Em*bit"ter*ment (?), n. The act of embittering; also, that which embitters. Emblanch Em*blanch" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + 1st blanch.] To whiten. See Blanch. [Obs.] Heylin. Emblaze Em*blaze" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblazing.] [Pref. em- + 1st blaze.] 1. To adorn with glittering embellishments. No weeping orphan saw his father's stores Our shrines irradiate, or emblaze the floors. Pope. 2. To paint or adorn with armorial figures; to blazon, or emblazon. [Archaic] The imperial ensign, . . . streaming to the wind, With gems and golden luster rich emblazed. Milton. Emblazon Em*bla"zon (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblazoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblazoning.] [Pref. em- + blazon. Cf. Emblaze.] 1. To depict or represent; -- said of heraldic bearings. See Blazon. 2. To deck in glaring colors; to set off conspicuously; to display pompously; to decorate. The walls were . . . emblazoned with legends in commemoration of the illustrious pair. Prescott. Emblazoner Em*bla"zon*er (?), n. One who emblazons; also, one who publishes and displays anything with pomp. Emblazoning Em*bla"zon*ing, n. The act or art of heraldic decoration; delineation of armorial bearings. Emblazonment Em*bla"zon*ment (?), n. An emblazoning. Emblazonry Em*bla"zon*ry (?), n.; pl. Emblazonries (. The act or art of an emblazoner; heraldic or ornamental decoration, as pictures or figures on shields, standards, etc.; emblazonment. Thine ancient standard's rich emblazonry. Trench. Emblem Em"blem (?), n. [F. embl\'8ame, L. emblema, -atis, that which is put in or on, inlaid work, fr. Gr. In, and Parable.] 1. Inlay; inlaid or mosaic work; something ornamental inserted in a surface. [Obs.] Milton. 2. A visible sign of an idea; an object, or the figure of an object, symbolizing and suggesting another object, or an idea, by natural aptness or by association; a figurative representation; a typical designation; a symbol; as, a balance is an emblem of justice; a scepter, the emblem of sovereignty or power; a circle, the emblem of eternity. "His cicatrice, an emblem of war, here on his sinister cheek." Shak. 3. A picture accompanied with a motto, a set of verse, or the like, intended as a moral lesson or meditation. NOTE: &hand; Wr iters an d ar tists of th e 17th century gave much attention and study to the composition of such emblems, and many collections of them were published. Syn. -- Sign; symbol; type; device; signal; token. -- Sign, Emblem, Symbol, Type. Sign is the generic word comprehending all significant representations. An emblem is a visible object representing another by a natural suggestion of characteristic qualities, or an habitual and recognized association; as, a circle, having no apparent beginning or end, is an emblem of eternity; a particular flag is the emblem of the country or ship which has adopted it for a sign and with which it is habitually associated. Between emblem and symbol the distinction is slight, and often one may be substituted for the other without impropriety. See Symbol. Thus, a circle is either an emblem or a symbol of eternity; a scepter, either an emblem or a symbol of authority; a lamb, either an emblem or a symbol of meekness. "An emblem is always of something simple; a symbol may be of something complex, as of a transaction . . . In consequence we do not speak of actions emblematic." C. J. Smith. A type is a representative example, or model, exhibiting the qualities common to all individuals of the class to which it belongs; as, the Monitor is a type of a class of war vessels. Emblem Em"blem (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embleming.] To represent by an emblem; to symbolize. [R.] Emblemed by the cozening fig tree. Feltham. Emblematic, Emblematical Em`blem*at"ic (?), Em`blem*at"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. embl\'82matique.] Pertaining to, containing, or consisting in, an emblem; symbolic; typically representative; representing as an emblem; as, emblematic language or ornaments; a crown is emblematic of royalty; white is emblematic of purity. -- Em`blem*at"ic*al*ly, adv. Emblematiccize Em`blem*at"ic*cize (?), v. t. To render emblematic; as, to emblematicize a picture. [R.] Walpole. Emblematist Em*blem"a*tist (?), n. A writer or inventor of emblems. Sir T. Browne. Emblematize Em*blem"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblematized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblematizing (?).] To represent by, or as by, an emblem; to symbolize. Anciently the sun was commonly emblematized by a starry or radiate figure. Bp. Hurd. Emblement Em"ble*ment (?), n. [OF. embleer to sow with corn, F. emblaver, fr. LL. imbladare; pref. in- + LL. bladum grain, F. bl\'82.] (Law) The growing crop, or profits of a crop which has been sown or planted; -- used especially in the plural. The produce of grass, trees, and the like, is not emblement. Wharton's Law Dict. Emblemize Em"blem*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblemizing (?).] To represent by an emblem; to emblematize. [R.] Embloom Em*bloom" (?), v. t. To emblossom. Savage. Emblossom Em*blos"som (?), v. t. To cover or adorn with blossoms. On the white emblossomed spray. J. Cunningham. Embodier Em*bod"i*er (?), n. One who embodies. Embodiment Em*bod"i*ment (?), n. 1. The act of embodying; the state of being embodied. 2. That which embodies or is embodied; representation in a physical body; a completely organized system, like the body; as, the embodiment of courage, or of courtesy; the embodiment of true piety. Embody Em*bod"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embodying.] To form into a body; to invest with a body; to collect into a body, a united mass, or a whole; to incorporate; as, to embody one's ideas in a treatise. [Written also imbody.] Devils embodied and disembodied. Sir W. Scott. The soul, while it is embodied, can no more be divided from sin. South. Embody Em*bod"y, v. i. To unite in a body, a mass, or a collection; to coalesce. [Written also imbody.] Firmly to embody against this court party. Burke. Embogue Em*bogue" (?), v. i. [See Disembogue.] To disembogue; to discharge, as a river, its waters into the sea or another river. [R.] Emboguing Em*bo"guing (?), n. The mouth of a river, or place where its waters are discharged. [R.] Emboil Em*boil" (?), v. i. To boil with anger; to effervesce. [Obs.] Spenser. Emboil Em*boil", v. t. To cause to boil with anger; to irritate; to chafe. [Obs.] Spenser. Embo\'8ctement Em`bo\'8cte"ment` (?), n. [F., fr. embo\'8cter to fit in, insert; en in + bo\'8cte box.] (Biol.) The hypothesis that all living things proceed from pre\'89xisting germs, and that these encase the germs of all future living things, inclosed one within another. Buffon. Embolden Em*bold"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboldened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emboldening (?).] To give boldness or courage to; to encourage. Shak. The self-conceit which emboldened him to undertake this dangerous office. Sir W. Scott. Emboldener Em*bold"en*er (?), n. One who emboldens. Embolic Em*bol"ic (?), a. [Gr. Embolism.] 1. Embolismic. 2. (Med.) Pertaining to an embolism; produced by an embolism; as, an embolic abscess. 3. (Biol.) Pushing or growing in; -- said of a kind of invagination. See under Invagination. Embolism Em"bo*lism (?), n. [L. embolismus, from Gr. embolisme. See Emblem.] 1. Intercalation; the insertion of days, months, or years, in an account of time, to produce regularity; as, the embolism of a lunar month in the Greek year. 2. Intercalated time. Johnson. 3. (Med.) The occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus. Embolism in the brain often produces sudden unconsciousness and paralysis. Embolismal Em`bo*lis"mal (?), a. Pertaining to embolism; intercalary; as, embolismal months. Embolismatic, Embolismatical Em`bo*lis*mat"ic (?), Em`bo*lis*mat"ic*al (?), a. Embolismic. Embolismic, Embolismical Em`bo*lis"mic (?), Em`bo*lis"mic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. embolismique.] Pertaining to embolism or intercalation; intercalated; as, an embolismic year, i. e., the year in which there is intercalation. Embolite Em"bo*lite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A mineral consisting of both the chloride and the bromide of silver. Embolus Em"bo*lus (?), n.; pl. Emboli (#). [L., fr. Gr. Emblem.] 1. Something inserted, as a wedge; the piston or sucker of a pump or syringe. 2. (Med.) A plug of some substance lodged in a blood vessel, being brought thither by the blood current. It consists most frequently of a clot of fibrin, a detached shred of a morbid growth, a globule of fat, or a microscopic organism. Emboly Em"bo*ly (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Embolic invagination. See under Invagination. Embonpoint Em`bon`point" (?), n. [F., fr. en bon point in good condition. See Bon, and Point.] Plumpness of person; -- said especially of persons somewhat corpulent. Emborder Em*bor"der (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + border: cf. OF. emborder.] To furnish or adorn with a border; to imborder. Embosom Em*bos"om (?), v. t. [Written also imbosom.] 1. To take into, or place in, the bosom; to cherish; to foster. Glad to embosom his affection. Spenser. 2. To inclose or surround; to shelter closely; to place in the midst of something. His house embosomed in the grove. Pope. Some tender flower . . . . Embosomed in the greenest glade. Keble. Emboss Em*boss" (?; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embossed (?; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. Embossing.] [Pref. em- (L. in) + boss: cf. OF. embosser to swell in bunches.] 1. To arise the surface of into bosses or protuberances; particularly, to ornament with raised work. Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton. 2. To raise in relief from a surface, as an ornament, a head on a coin, or the like. Then o'er the lofty gate his art embossed Androgeo's death. Dryden. Exhibiting flowers in their natural color embossed upon a purple ground. Sir W. Scott. Emboss Em*boss", v. t. [Etymology uncertain.] To make to foam at the mouth, like a hunted animal. [Obs.] Emboss Em*boss", v. t. [Cf. Pr. & Sp. emboscar, It. imboscare, F. embusquer, and E. imbosk.] 1. To hide or conceal in a thicket; to imbosk; to inclose, shelter, or shroud in a wood. [Obs.] In the Arabian woods embossed. Milton. 2. To surround; to ensheath; to immerse; to beset. A knight her met in mighty arms embossed. Spenser. Emboss Em*boss", v. i. To seek the bushy forest; to hide in the woods. [Obs.] S. Butler. Embossed Em*bossed" (?; 115), a. 1. Formed or covered with bosses or raised figures. 2. Having a part projecting like the boss of a shield. 3. Swollen; protuberant. [Obs.] "An embossed carbuncle." Shak. Embosser Em*boss"er (?; 115), n. One who embosses. Embossment Em*boss"ment (?), n. 1. The act of forming bosses or raised figures, or the state of being so formed. 2. A bosslike prominence; figure in relief; raised work; jut; protuberance; esp., a combination of raised surfaces having a decorative effect. "The embossment of the figure." Addison. Embottle Em*bot"tle (?), v. t. To bottle. [R.] Phillips. Embouchure Em`bou`chure" (?), n. [F., fr. emboucher to put to the mouth; pref. em- (L. in) + bouche the mouth. Cf. Embouge, Debouch.] 1. The mouth of a river; also, the mouth of a cannon. 2. (Mus.) (a) The mouthpiece of a wind instrument. (b) The shaping of the lips to the mouthpiece; as, a flute player has a good embouchure. Embow Em*bow" (?), v. t. To bend like a bow; to curve. "Embowed arches." [Obs. or R.] Sir W. Scott. With gilded horns embowed like the moon. Spenser. Embowel Em*bow"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboweled (?) or Embowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Emboweling or Embowelling.] 1. To disembowel. The barbarous practice of emboweling. Hallam. The boar . . . makes his trough In your emboweled bosoms. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Disembowel is the preferable word in this sense. 2. To imbed; to hide in the inward parts; to bury. Or deep emboweled in the earth entire. Spenser. Emboweler Em*bow"el*er (?), n. One who takes out the bowels. [Written also emboweller.] Embowelment Em*bow"el*ment (?), n. Disembowelment. Embower Em*bow"er (?), v. t. To cover with a bower; to shelter with trees. [Written also imbower.] [Poetic] Milton. -- v. i. To lodge or rest in a bower. [Poetic] "In their wide boughs embow'ring. " Spenser. Embowl Em*bowl" (?), v. t. To form like a bowl; to give a globular shape to. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Embox Em*box" (?), v. t. To inclose, as in a box; to imbox. Emboyssement Em*boysse"ment (?), n. [See Embushment.] An ambush. [Obs.] Chaucer. Embrace Em*brace" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (intens.) + brace, v. t.] To fasten on, as armor. [Obs.] Spenser. Embrace Em*brace", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embraced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embracing (?).] [OE. embracier, F. embrasser; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bras arm. See Brace, n.] 1. To clasp in the arms with affection; to take in the arms; to hug. I will embrace him with a soldier's arm, That he shall shrink under my courtesy. Shak. Paul called unto him the disciples, and embraced them. Acts xx. 1. 2. To cling to; to cherish; to love. Shak. 3. To seize eagerly, or with alacrity; to accept with cordiality; to welcome. "I embrace these conditions." "You embrace the occasion." Shak. What is there that he may not embrace for truth? Locke. 4. To encircle; to encompass; to inclose. Low at his feet a spacious plain is placed, Between the mountain and the stream embraced. Denham. 5. To include as parts of a whole; to comprehend; to take in; as, natural philosophy embraces many sciences. Not that my song, in such a scanty space, So large a subject fully can embrace. Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 484 6. To accept; to undergo; to submit to. "I embrace this fortune patiently." Shak. 7. (Law) To attempt to influence corruptly, as a jury or court. Blackstone. Syn. -- To clasp; hug; inclose; encompass; include; Embrace Em*brace" (?), v. i. To join in an embrace. Embrace Em*brace", n. Intimate or close encircling with the arms; pressure to the bosom; clasp; hug. We stood tranced in long embraces, Mixed with kisses. Tennyson. Embracement Em*brace"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embrassement.] 1. A clasp in the arms; embrace. Dear though chaste embracements. Sir P. Sidney. 2. State of being contained; inclosure. [Obs.] In the embracement of the parts hardly reparable, as bones. Bacon. 3. Willing acceptance. [Obs.] A ready embracement of . . . his kindness. Barrow. Embraceor Em*brace"or (?), n. (Law) One guilty of embracery. Embracer Em*bra"cer (?), n. One who embraces. Embracery Em*bra"cer*y (?), n. (Law) An attempt to influence a court, jury, etc., corruptly, by promises, entreaties, money, entertainments, threats, or other improper inducements. Embracive Em*bra"cive (?), a. Disposed to embrace; fond of caressing. [R.] Thackeray. Embraid Em*braid" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + 1st braid.] 1. To braid up, as hair. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To upbraid. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Embranchment Em*branch"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embranchement.] The branching forth, as of trees. Embrangle Em*bran"gle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brangle.] To confuse; to entangle. I am lost and embrangled in inextricable difficulties. Berkeley. Embrasure Em*bra"sure (?; 135), n. [See Embrace.] An embrace. [Obs.] "Our locked embrasures."" Shak. Embrasure Em*bra"sure (277), n. [F., fr. embraser, perh. equiv. to \'82braser to widen an opening; of unknown origin.] 1. (Arch.) A splay of a door or window. Apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's embrasure, Sat the lovers. Longfellow. 2. (Fort.) An aperture with slant sides in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed and discharged; a crenelle. See Illust. of Casemate. Embrave Em*brave" (?), v. t. 1. To inspire with bravery. [Obs.] Beaumont. 2. To decorate; to make showy and fine. [Obs.] And with sad cypress seemly it embraves. Spenser. Embrawn Em*brawn" (?), v. t. To harden. [Obs.] It will embrawn and iron-crust his flesh. Nash. Embread Em*bread" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + bread = 1st braid.] To braid. [Obs.] Spenser. Embreathement Em*breathe"ment (?), n. The act of breathing in; inspiration. [R.] The special and immediate suggestion, embreathement, and dictation of the Holy Ghost. W. Lee. Embrew Em*brew" (?), v. t. To imbrue; to stain with blood. [Obs.] Spenser. Embright Em*bright" (?), v. t. To brighten. [Obs.] Embrocate Em"bro*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embrocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embrocating.] [NL. embrocatus, p. p. of embrocare; cf. Gr. (Med.) To moisten and rub (a diseased part) with a liquid substance, as with spirit, oil, etc., by means of a cloth or sponge. Embrocation Em`bro*ca"tion (?), n. [NL. embrocatio: cf. F. embrocation.] (Med.) (a) The act of moistening and rubbing a diseased part with spirit, oil, etc. (b) The liquid or lotion with which an affected part is rubbed. Embroglio Em*brogl"io (?), n. See Imbroglio. Embroider Em*broid"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embroidered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embroidering.] [OE. embrouden. See Broider.] To ornament with needlework; as, to embroider a scarf. Thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen. Ex. xxviii. 39. Embroiderer Em*broid"er*er (?), n. One who embroiders. Embroidery Em*broid"er*y (?), n.; pl. Embroideries (. 1. Needlework used to enrich textile fabrics, leather, etc.; also, the art of embroidering. 2. Diversified ornaments, especially by contrasted figures and colors; variegated decoration. Fields in spring's embroidery are dressed. Addison. A mere rhetorical embroidery of phrases. J. A. Symonds. Embroil Em*broil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embroiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embroiling.] [F. embrouiller; pref. em- (L. in) + brouiller. See 1st Broil, and cf. Imbroglio.] 1. To throw into confusion or commotion by contention or discord; to entangle in a broil or quarrel; to make confused; to distract; to involve in difficulties by dissension or strife. The royal house embroiled in civil war. Dryden. 2. To implicate in confusion; to complicate; to jumble. The Christian antiquities at Rome . . . are so embroiled with Addison. Syn. -- To perplex; entangle; distract; disturb; disorder; trouble; implicate; commingle. Embroil Em*broil", n. See Embroilment. Embroiler Em*broil"er (?), n. One who embroils. Embroilment Em*broil"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embrouillement.] The act of embroiling, or the condition of being embroiled; entanglement in a broil. Bp. Burnet. Embronze Em*bronze" (?), v. t. 1. To embody in bronze; to set up a bronze representation of, as of a person. [Poetic] 2. To color in imitation of bronze. See Bronze, v. t. Embrothel Em*broth"el (?), v. t. To inclose in a brothel. [Obs.] Donne. Embroude, Embrowde, Embroyde Em*broud"e (?), Em*browd"e, Em*broyd"e (?), v. t. To embroider; to adorn. [Obs.] Embrowded was he, as it were a mead All full of fresshe flowers, white and red. Chaucer. Embrown Em*brown" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brown.] To give a brown color to; to imbrown. Summer suns embrown the laboring swain. Fenton. Embrue Em*brue" (?), v. t. See Imbrue, Embrew. [Obs.] Embrute Em*brute" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brute. Cf. Imbrute.] To brutify; to imbrute. All the man embruted in the swine. Cawthorn. Embryo Em"bry*o (?), n.; pl. Embryos (#). [F. embryon, Gr. in) + brew.] (Biol.) The first rudiments of an organism, whether animal or plant; as: (a) The young of an animal in the womb, or more specifically, before its parts are developed and it becomes a fetus (see Fetus). (b) The germ of the plant, which is inclosed in the seed and which is developed by germination. In embryo, in an incipient or undeveloped state; in conception, but not yet executed. "The company little suspected what a noble work I had then in embryo." Swift. Embryo Em"bry*o, a. Pertaining to an embryo; rudimentary; undeveloped; as, an embryo bud. Embryogenic Em`bry*o*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to the development of an embryo. Embryogeny Em`bry*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. embryog\'82nie.] (Biol.) The production and development of an embryo. Embryogony Em`bry*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The formation of an embryo. Embryography Em`bry*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] (Biol.) The general description of embryos. Embryologic, Embryological Em`bry*o*log"ic (?), Em`bry*o*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to embryology. Embryologist Em`bry*ol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in embryology. Embryology Em`bry*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. embryologie.] (Biol.) The science which relates to the formation and development of the embryo in animals and plants; a study of the gradual development of the ovum until it reaches the adult stage. Embryon Em"bry*on (?), n. & a. [NL.] See Embryo. Embryonal Em"bry*o*nal (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to an embryo, or the initial state of any organ; embryonic. Embryonary Em"bry*o*na*ry (?), a. (Biol.) Embryonic. Embryonate, Embryonated Em"bry*o*nate (?), Em"bry*o*na`ted (?), a. (Biol.) In the state of, or having, an embryonal. Embryonic Em`bry*on"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an embryo; embryonal; rudimentary. Embryonic sac OR vesicle (Bot.), the vesicle within which the embryo is developed in the ovule; -- sometimes called also amnios sac, and embryonal sac. Embryoniferous Em`bry*o*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Embryo + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having an embryo. Embryoniform Em`bry*on"i*form (?), a. [Embryo + -form.] (Biol.) Like an embryo in form. Embryoplastic Em`bry*o*plas"tic (?), n. [Embryo + plastic.] (Biol.) Relating to, or aiding in, the formation of an embryo; as, embryoplastic cells. Embryo sac Em"bry*o sac` (?). (Bot.) See under Embryonic. Embryotic Em`bry*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Embryonic. Embryotomy Em`bry*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. embryotomie.] (Med.) The cutting a fetus into pieces within the womb, so as to effect its removal. Embryotroph Em"bry*o*troph` (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The material from which an embryo is formed and nourished. Embryous Em"bry*ous (?), a. Embryonic; undeveloped. [R.] Embulk Em*bulk" (?), v. t. To enlarge in the way of bulk. [R.] Latham. Emburse Em*burse" (?), v. t. [See Imburse.] To furnish with money; to imburse. [Obs.] Embush Em*bush" (?), v. t. [Cf. Ambush, Imbosk.] To place or hide in a thicket; to ambush. [Obs.] Shelton. Embushment Em*bush"ment (?), n. [OE. embusshement, OF. embuschement, F. emb\'96chement.] An ambush. [Obs.] Embusy Em*bus"y (?), v. t. To employ. [Obs.] Skelton. Eme Eme (?), n. [See Eame.] An uncle. [Obs.] Spenser. Emeer E*meer" (?), n. Same as Emir. Emenagogue E*men"a*gogue (?), n. See Emmenagogue. Emend E*mend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emended; p. pr. & vb. n. Emending.] [L. emendare; e out + menda, mendum, fault, blemish: cf. F. \'82mender. Cf. Amend, Mend.] To purge of faults; to make better; to correct; esp., to make corrections in (a literary work); to alter for the better by textual criticism, generally verbal. Syn. -- To amend; correct; improve; better; reform; rectify. See Amend. Emendable E*mend"a*ble (?), a. [L. emendabilis. Cf. Amendable.] Corrigible; amendable. [R.] Bailey. Emendately Em"en*date*ly (?), adv. Without fault; correctly. [Obs.] Emendation Em`en*da"tion (?), n. [L. emendatio: cf. F. \'82mendation.] 1. The act of altering for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faulty; correction; improvement. "He lies in his sin without repentance or emendation." Jer. Taylor. 2. Alteration by editorial criticism, as of a text so as to give a better reading; removal of errors or corruptions from a document; as, the book might be improved by judicious emendations. Emendator Em"en*da`tor (?), n. [L.] One who emends or critically edits. Emendatory E*mend"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. emendatorius.] Pertaining to emendation; corrective. "Emendatory criticism."" Johnson. Emender E*mend"er (?), n. One who emends. Emendicate E*men"di*cate (?), v. t. [L. emendicatus, p. p. of emendicare to obtain by begging. See Mendicate.] To beg. [Obs.] Cockeram. Emerald Em"er*ald (?), n. [OE. emeraude, OF. esmeraude, esmeralde, F. \'82meraude, L. smaragdus, fr. Gr. marakata.] 1. (Min.) A precious stone of a rich green color, a variety of beryl. See Beryl. 2. (Print.) A kind of type, in size between minion and nonpare NOTE: \'b5 This line is printed in the type called emerald. Emerald Em"er*ald, a. Of a rich green color, like that of the emerald. "Emerald meadows." Byron. Emerald fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish of the Gulf of Mexico (Gobionellus oceanicus), remarkable for the brilliant green and blue color of the base of the tongue; -- whence the name; -- called also esmeralda. -- Emerald green, a very durable pigment, of a vivid light green color, made from the arseniate of copper; green bice; Scheele's green; -- also used adjectively; as, emerald green crystals. -- Emerald Isle, a name given to Ireland on account of the brightness of its verdure. -- Emerald spodumene, OR Lithia emerald. (Min.) See Hiddenite. -- Emerald nickel. (Min.) See Zaratite. Emeraldine Em"er*ald*ine (?; 104), n. A green compound used as a dyestuff, produced from aniline blue when acted upon by acid. Emeraud Em"er*aud (?), n. [See Emerald, n.] An emerald. [Obs.] Spenser. Emerge E*merge" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emerged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emerging (?).] [L. emergere, emersum; e out + mergere to dip, plunge. See Merge.] To rise out of a fluid; to come forth from that in which anything has been plunged, enveloped, or concealed; to issue and appear; as, to emerge from the water or the ocean; the sun emerges from behind the moon in an eclipse; to emerge from poverty or obscurity. "Thetis . . . emerging from the deep." Dryden. Those who have emerged from very low, some from the lowest, classes of society. Burke. Emergence E*mer"gence (?), n.; pl. Emergences (. The act of rising out of a fluid, or coming forth from envelopment or concealment, or of rising into view; sudden uprisal or appearance. The white color of all refracted light, at its very first emergence . . . is compounded of various colors. Sir I. Newton. When from the deep thy bright emergence sprung. H. Brooke. Emergency E*mer"gen*cy (?), n.; pl. Emergencies (#). [See Emergence.] 1. Sudden or unexpected appearance; an unforeseen occurrence; a sudden occasion. Most our rarities have been found out by casual emergency. Glanvill. 2. An unforeseen occurrence or combination of circumstances which calls for immediate action or remedy; pressing necessity; exigency. To whom she might her doubts propose, On all emergencies that rose. Swift. A safe counselor in most difficult emergencies. Brougham. Syn. -- Crisis; conjuncture; exigency; pinch; strait; necessity. Emergent E*mer"gent (?), a. [L. emergens, p. pr. of emergere.] 1. Rising or emerging out of a fluid or anything that covers or conceals; issuing; coming to light. The mountains huge appear emergent. Milton. 2. Suddenly appearing; arising unexpectedly; Protection granted in emergent danger. Burke. Emergent year (Chron.), the epoch or date from which any people begin to compute their time or dates; as, the emergent year of Christendom is that of the birth of Christ; the emergent year of the United States is that of the declaration of their independence. -- E*mer"gent*ly, adv. -- E*mer"gent*ness, n. [R.] Emeril Em"er*il (?), n. 1. Emery. [Obs.] Drayton. 2. A glazier's diamond. Crabb. Emerited Em"er*it*ed (?), a. [See Emeritus.] Considered as having done sufficient public service, and therefore honorably discharged. [Obs.] Evelyn. Emeritus E*mer"i*tus (?), a. [L., having served out his time, p. p. of emerere, emereri, to obtain by service, serve out one's term; e out + merere, mereri, to merit, earn, serve.] Honorably discharged from the performance of public duty on account of age, infirmity, or long and faithful services; -- said of an officer of a college or pastor of a church. Emeritus E*mer"i*tus, n.; pl. Emeriti (#). [L.] A veteran who has honorably completed his service. Emerods, Emeroids Em"er*ods (?), Em"er*oids (?), n. pl. [OF. emmeroides. See Hemorrhoids.] Hemorrhoids; piles; tumors; boils. [R.] Deut. xxviii. 27. Emersed E*mersed" (?), a. [L. emersus, p. p. See Emerge.] (Bot.) Standing out of, or rising above, water. Gray. Emersion E*mer"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82mersion. See Emerge.] 1. The act of emerging, or of rising out of anything; as, emersion from the sea; emersion from obscurity or difficulties. Their immersion into water and their emersion out of the same. Knatchbull. 2. (Astron.) The reappearance of a heavenly body after an eclipse or occultation; as, the emersion of the moon from the shadow of the earth; the emersion of a star from behind the moon. Emery Em"er*y (?), n. [F. \'82meri, earlier \'82meril, It. smeriglio, fr. Gr. smear. Cf. Emeril.] (Min.) Corundum in the form of grains or powder, used in the arts for grinding and polishing hard substances. Native emery is mixed with more or less magnetic iron. See the Note under Corundum. Emery board, cardboard pulp mixed with emery and molded into convenient. -- Emery cloth OR paper, cloth or paper on which the powder of emery is spread and glued for scouring and polishing. -- Emery wheel, a wheel containing emery, or having a surface of emery. In machine shops, it is sometimes called a buff wheel, and by the manufacturers of cutlery, a glazer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 485 Emesis Em"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Emetic.] (Med.) A vomiting. Emetic E*met"ic (?), a. [L. emeticus, Gr. vomere: cf. F. \'82m\'82tique. See Vomit.] (Med.) Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its contents by the mouth. -- n. A medicine which causes vomiting. Emetical E*met"ic*al (?), a. Inducing to vomit; producing vomiting; emetic. -- E*met"ic*al*ly, adv. Emetine Em"e*tine (?; 104), n. [See Emetic.] (Chem.) A white crystalline bitter alkaloid extracted from ipecacuanha root, and regarded as its peculiar emetic principle. Emeto-cathartic Em`e*to-ca*thar"tic (?), a. [Gr. cathartic.] (Med.) Producing vomiting and purging at the same time. Emeu, OR Emew E"meu, OR E"mew (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Emu. (?), n. [F.] A seditious tumult; an outbreak. Emforth Em*forth" (?), prep. [AS. em-, emn-, in comp. equiv. to efen equal + for forth.] According to; conformably to. [Obs.] Chaucer. Emforth my might, so far as lies in my power. [Obs.] Emgalla Em*gal"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [Native name.] The South African wart hog. See Wart hog. Emicant Em"i*cant (?), a. [L. emicans, p. pr. of emicare. See Emication.] Beaming forth; flashing. [R.] Which emicant did this and that way dart. Blackmore. Emication Em`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. emicatio, fr. emicare to spring out or forth; e. out + micare to move quickly to and fro, to sparkle.] A flying off in small particles, as heated iron or fermenting liquors; a sparkling; scintillation. Sir T. Browne. Emiction E*mic"tion (?), n. [L. e out + mingere, mictum, to make water.] 1. The voiding of urine. 2. What is voided by the urinary passages; urine. Emictory E*mic"to*ry (?), a. & n. (Med.) Diuretic. Emigrant Em"i*grant (?), a. [L. emigrans, -antis, p. pr. of emigrare to emigrate: cf. F. \'82migrant. See Emigrate, v. i.] 1. Removing from one country to another; emigrating; as, an emigrant company or nation. 2. Pertaining to an emigrant; used for emigrants; as, an emigrant ship or hospital. Emigrant Em"i*grant, n. One who emigrates, or quits one country or region to settle in another. Syn. -- Emigrant, Immigrant. Emigrant and emigration have reference to the country from which the migration is made; the correlative words immigrant and immigration have reference to the country into which the migration is made, the former marking the going out from a country, the latter the coming into it. Emigrate Em"i*grate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emigrating.] [L. emigratus, p. p. of emigrare to remove, emigrate; e out + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] To remove from one country or State to another, for the purpose of residence; to migrate from home. Forced to emigrate in a body to America. Macaulay. They [the Huns] were emigrating from Tartary into Europe in the time of the Goths. J. H. Newman. Emigrate Em"i*grate (?), a. Migratory; roving. [Obs.] Emigration Em`i*gra"tion (?), n. [L. emigratio: cf. F. \'82migration.] 1. The act of emigrating; removal from one country or state to another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe to America, or, in America, from the Atlantic States to the Western. 2. A body emigrants; emigrants collectively; as, the German emigration. Emigrational Em`i*gra"tion*al (?), a. Relating to emigration. Emigrationist Em`i*gra"tion*ist, n. An advocate or promoter of emigration. Emigrator Em"i*gra`tor (?), n. One who emigrates; am emigrant. [R.] (?), n. [F., emigrant.] One of the natives of France who were opposed to the first Revolution, and who left their country in consequence. Eminence Em"i*nence (?), n. [L. eminentia, fr. eminens eminent: cf. F. \'82minence.] 1. That which is eminent or lofty; a high ground or place; a height. Without either eminences or cavities. Dryden. The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence. Burke. 2. An elevated condition among men; a place or station above men in general, either in rank, office, or celebrity; social or moral loftiness; high rank; distinction; preferment. Milton. You 've too a woman's heart, which ever yet Affected eminence, wealth, sovereignty. Shak. 3. A title of honor, especially applied to a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Eminency Em"i*nen*cy (?), n.; pl Eminences (. State of being eminent; eminence. "Eminency of estate." Tillotson. Eminent Em"i*nent (?), a. [L. eminens, -entis, p. pr. of eminere to stand out, be prominent; e out + minere (in comp.) to project; of uncertain origin: cf. F. \'82minent. Cf. Menace.] 1. High; lofty; towering; prominent. "A very eminent promontory." Evelyn 2. Being, metaphorically, above others, whether by birth, high station, merit, or virtue; high in public estimation; distinguished; conspicuous; as, an eminent station; an eminent historian, statements, statesman, or saint. <-- by distinctive accomplishment --> Right of eminent domain. (Law) See under Domain. Syn. -- Lofty; elevated; exalted; conspicuous; prominent; remarkable; distinguished; illustrious; famous; celebrated; renowned; well-known. See Distinguished. Eminently Em"i*nent*ly, adv. In an eminent manner; in a high degree; conspicuously; as, to be eminently learned. Emir, Emeer E"mir (?), E*meer" (?), n. [Ar. em\'c6r, am\'c6r, commander: cf. F. \'82mir. Cf. Admiral, Ameer.] An Arabian military commander, independent chieftain, or ruler of a province; also, an honorary title given to the descendants of Mohammed, in the line of his daughter Fatima; among the Turks, likewise, a title of dignity, given to certain high officials. Emirship, Emeership E`mir*ship, E*meer"ship, n. The rank or office of an Emir. Emissary Em"is*sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Emissaries (#). [L. emissarius, fr. emittere, emissum, to send out: cf. F. \'82missaire. See Emit.] An agent employed to advance, in a covert manner, the interests of his employers; one sent out by any power that is at war with another, to create dissatisfaction among the people of the latter. Buzzing emissaries fill the ears Of listening crowds with jealousies and fears. Dryden. Syn. -- Emissary, Spy. A spy is one who enters an enemy's camp or territories to learn the condition of the enemy; an emissary may be a secret agent appointed not only to detect the schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their councils. A spy must be concealed, or he suffers death; an emissary may in some cases be known as the agent of an adversary without incurring similar hazard. Emissary Em"is*sa*ry, a. 1. Exploring; spying. B. Jonson. 2. (Anat.) Applied to the veins which pass out of the cranium through apertures in its walls. Emissaryship Em"is*sa*ry*ship`, n. The office of an emissary. Emission E*mis"sion (?), n. [L. emissio: cf. F. \'82mission. See Emit.] 1. The act of sending or throwing out; the act of sending forth or putting into circulation; issue; as, the emission of light from the sun; the emission of heat from a fire; the emission of bank notes. <-- now, we issue bank notes. --> 2. That which is sent out, issued, or put in circulation at one time; issue; as, the emission was mostly blood. Emission theory (Physics), the theory of Newton, regarding light as consisting of emitted particles or corpuscles. See Corpuscular theory, under Corpuscular. Emissitious Em`is*si"tious (?), a. [L. emissitius, fr. emittere.] Looking, or narrowly examining; prying. [Obs.] "Those emissitious eyes." Bp. Hall. Emissive E*mis"sive (?), a. Sending out; emitting; as, emissive powers. Emissivity Em`is*siv"i*ty (?), n. Tendency to emission; comparative facility of emission, or rate at which emission takes place, as of heat from the surface of a heated body. Emissory E*mis"so*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Emissary, a., 2. Emit E*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emitting.] [L. emittere to send out; e out + mittere to send. See Mission.] 1. To send forth; to throw or give out; to cause to issue; to give vent to; to eject; to discharge; as, fire emits heat and smoke; boiling water emits steam; the sun emits light. Lest, wrathful, the far-shooting god emit His fatal arrows. Prior. 2. To issue forth, as an order or decree; to print and send into circulation, as notes or bills of credit. No State shall . . . emit bills of credit. Const. of the U. S. Emittent E*mit"tent (?), a. [L. emittens, p. pr. emittere.] Sending forth; emissive. Boyle. Emmantle Em*man"tle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + mantle: cf. F. emmanteler. Cf. Inmantle.] To cover over with, or as with, a mantle; to put about as a protection. [Obs.] Holland. Emmanuel Em*man"u*el (?), n. See Immanuel. Matt. i. 23. Emmarble Em*mar"ble (?), v. t. To turn to marble; to harden. [Obs.] Thou dost emmarble the proud heart. Spenser. Emmenagogue Em*men"a*gogue (?), n. [Gr. n. pl., menses (emm\'82nagogue.] (Med.) A medicine that promotes the menstrual discharge. Emmet Em"met (?), n. [OE. emete, amete, AS. \'91mete. See Ant.] (Zo\'94l.) An ant. Emmet hunter (Zo\'94l.), the wryneck. Emmetropia Em`me*tro"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) That refractive condition of the eye in which the rays of light are all brought accurately and without undue effort to a focus upon the retina; -- opposed to hypermetropia, myopia, an astigmatism. Emmetropic Em`me*trop"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, emmetropia. The normal or emmetropic eye adjusts itself perfectly for all distances. J. Le Conte. Emmetropy Em*met"ro*py (?), n. (Med.) Same as Emmetropia. Emmew Em*mew" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + mew. Cf. Immew.] To mew or coop up. [Obs.] Shak. Emmove Em*move" (?), v. t. [For emove: cf. F. \'82mouvoir, L. emovere. See Emotion.] To move; to rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Emodin Em"o*din (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-red crystalline substance, C15H10O5, obtained from the buckthorn, rhubarb, etc., and regarded as a derivative of anthraquinone; -- so called from a species of rhubarb (Rheum emodei). Emollescence Em`ol*les"cence (?), n. [L. e out + mollescere, incho. fr. mollere to be soft, mollis soft.] That degree of softness in a body beginning to melt which alters its shape; the first or lowest degree of fusibility. Emolliate E*mol"li*ate (?; 106), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emolliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emolliating.] [See Emollient, a.] To soften; to render effeminate. Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valor. Pinkerton. Emollient E*mol"lient (?; 106), a. [L. emolliens, -entis, p. pr. of emollire to soften; e out + mollire to soften, mollis soft: cf. F. \'82mollient. See Mollify.] Softening; making supple; acting as an emollient. "Emollient applications." Arbuthnot. Emollient E*mol"lient (?; 105), n. (Med.) An external something or soothing application to allay irritation, soreness, etc. Emollition Em`ol*li"tion (?), n. The act of softening or relaxing; relaxation. Bacon. Emolument E*mol"u*ment (?), n. [L. emolumentum, lit., a working out, fr. emoliri to move out, work out; e out + moliri to set in motion, exert one's self, fr. moles a huge, heavy mass: cf. F. \'82molument. See Mole a mound.] The profit arising from office, employment, or labor; gain; compensation; advantage; perquisites, fees, or salary. A long . . . enjoyment of the emoluments of office. Bancroft. Emolumental E*mol`u*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to an emolument; profitable. [R.] Evelyn. Emong, Emongst E*mong" (?), E*mongst" (?), (prep. Among. [Obs.] Emotion E*mo"tion (?), n. [L. emovere, emotum, to remove, shake, stir up; e out + movere to move: cf. F. \'82motion. See Move, and cf. Emmove.] A moving of the mind or soul; excitement of the feelings, whether pleasing or painful; disturbance or agitation of mind caused by a specific exciting cause and manifested by some sensible effect on the body. How different the emotions between departure and return! W. Irving. Some vague emotion of delight. Tennyson. Syn. -- Feeling; agitation; tremor; trepidation; perturbation; passion; excitement. -- Emotion, Feeling, Agitation. Feeling is the weaker term, and may be of the body or the mind. Emotion is of the mind alone, being the excited action of some inward susceptibility or feeling; as, an emotion of pity, terror, etc. Agitation may the bodily or mental, and usually arises in the latter case from a vehement struggle between contending desires or emotions. See Passion. "Agitations have but one character, viz., that of violence; emotions vary with the objects that awaken them. There are emotions either of tenderness or anger, either gentle or strong, either painful or pleasing." Crabb. Emotioned E*mo"tioned (?), a. Affected with emotion. [R.] "The emotioned soul." Sir W. Scott. Emotional E*mo"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, emotion; excitable; easily moved; sensational; as, an emotional nature. Emotionalism E*mo"tion*al*ism (?), n. The cultivation of an emotional state of mind; tendency to regard things in an emotional manner. Emotionalize E*mo"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To give an emotional character to. Brought up in a pious family where religion was not talked about emotionalized, but was accepted as the rule of thought and conduct. Froude. Emotive E*mo"tive (?), a. Attended by, or having the character of, emotion. H. Brooke. -- E*mo"tive*ly, adv. Emotiveness E*mo"tive*ness, n. Susceptibility to emotion. G. Eliot. Emotivity E`mo*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Emotiveness. Hickok. Emove E*move" (?), v. t. To move. [Obs.] Thomson. Empair Em*pair" (?), v. t. To impair. [Obs.] Spenser. Empaistic Em*pais"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Fine Arts) Having to do with inlaid work; -- especially used with reference to work of the ancient Greeks. Empale Em*pale" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + pale: cf. OF. empalir.] To make pale. [Obs.] No bloodless malady empales their face. G. Fletcher. Empale Em*pale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empaling.] [OF. empaler to palisade, pierce, F. empaler to punish by empalement; pref. em- (L. in) + OF. & F. pal a pale, stake. See Pale a stake, and cf. Impale.] >[Written also impale.] 1. To fence or fortify with stakes; to surround with a line of stakes for defense; to impale. All that dwell near enemies empale villages, to save themselves from surprise. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. To inclose; to surround. See Impale. 3. To put to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body. 4. (Her.) Same as Impale. Empalement Em*pale"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. empalement, fr. empaler. See Empale.] >[Written also impalement.] 1. A fencing, inclosing, or fortifying with stakes. 2. A putting to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body. 3. (Her.) Same as Impalement. Empanel Em*pan"el (?), n. [Pref. em- (L. in) + panel.] (Law) A list of jurors; a panel. [Obs.] Cowell. Empanel Em*pan"el, v. t. See Impanel. Empanoplied Em*pan"o*plied (?), a. [Pref. em- + panoply.] Completely armed; panoplied. Tennyson. Emparadise Em*par"a*dise (?), v. t. Same as Imparadise. Empark Em*park" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + park: cf. OF. emparchier, emparkier. Cf. Impark.] To make a park of; to inclose, as with a fence; to impark. [Obs.] Emparlance Em*par"lance (?), n. Parley; imparlance. [Obs.] Spenser. Empasm Em*pasm" (?), n. [F. empasme, fr. Gr. A perfumed powder sprinkled upon the body to mask the odor of sweat. Empassion Em*pas"sion (?), v. t. To move with passion; to affect strongly. See Impassion. [Obs.] Those sights empassion me full near. Spenser. Empassionate Em*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Strongly affected. [Obs.] The Briton Prince was sore empassionate. Spenser. Empawn Em*pawn" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pawn. Cf. Impawn.] To put in pawn; to pledge; to impawn. To sell, empawn, and alienate the estates. Milman. Empeach Em*peach" (?), v. t. To hinder. See Impeach. [Obs.] Spenser. Empearl Em*pearl" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pearl. Cf. Impearl.] To form like pearls; to decorate with, or as with, pearls; to impearl. _________________________________________________________________ Page 486 Empeople Em*peo"ple (?), v. t. To form into a people or community; to inhabit; to people. [Obs.] We now know 't is very well empeopled. Sir T. Browne. Emperess Em"per*ess (?), n. See Empress. [Obs.] Emperice Em"per*ice (?), n. An empress. [Obs.] Chaucer. Emperil Em*per"il (?), v. t. To put in peril. See Imperil. Spenser. Emperished Em*per"ished (?), a. Perished; decayed. [Obs.] I deem thy brain emperished be. Spenser. Emperor Em"per*or (?), n. [OF. empereor, empereour, F. empereur, L. imperator, fr. imperare to command; in in + parare to prepare, order. See Parade, and cf. Imperative, Empress.] The sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; -- a title of dignity superior to that of king; as, the emperor of Germany or of Austria; the emperor or Czar of Russia. Emperor goose (Zo\'94l.), a large and handsome goose (Philacte canagica), found in Alaska. -- Emperor moth (Zo\'94l.), one of several large and beautiful bombycid moths, with transparent spots on the wings; as the American Cecropia moth (Platysamia cecropia), and the European species (Saturnia pavonia). -- Emperor paper. See under Paper. -- Purple emperor (Zo\'94l.), a large, strong British butterfly (Apatura iris). Emperorship Em"per*or*ship, n. The rank or office of an emperor. Empery Em"per*y (?), n. [L. imperium, influenced by OF. emperie, empire. See Empire.] Empire; sovereignty; dominion. [Archaic] Shak. Struggling for my woman's empery. Mrs. Browning. Emphasis Em"pha*sis (?), n.; pl. Emphases (#). [L., fr. Gr. In, and Phase.] 1. (Rhet.) A particular stress of utterance, or force of voice, given in reading and speaking to one or more words whose signification the speaker intends to impress specially upon his audience. The province of emphasis is so much more important than accent, that the customary seat of the latter is changed, when the claims of emphasis require it. E. Porter. 2. A peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of thought; vivid representation, enforcing assent; as, to dwell on a subject with great emphasis. External objects stand before us . . . in all the life and emphasis of extension, figure, and color. Sir W. Hamilton. Emphasize Em"pha*size (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emphasized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emphasizing (?).] To utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice; to make emphatic; as, to emphasize a word or a phrase. Emphatic, Emphatical Em*phat"ic (?), Em*phat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. emphatique. See Emphasis.] 1. Uttered with emphasis; made prominent and impressive by a peculiar stress of voice; laying stress; deserving of stress or emphasis; forcible; impressive; strong; as, to remonstrate in am emphatic manner; an emphatic word; an emphatic tone; emphatic reasoning. 2. Striking the sense; attracting special attention; impressive; forcible. "Emphatical colors." Boyle. "Emphatical evils." Bp. Reynolds. Syn. -- Forcible; earnest; impressive; energetic; striking; positive; important; special; significant. Emphatically Em*phat"ic*al*ly, adv. 1. With emphasis; forcibly; in a striking manner or degree; pre\'89minently. He was indeed emphatically a popular writer. Macaulay. 2. Not really, but apparently. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Emphaticalness Em*phat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being emphatic; emphasis. Emphractic Em*phrac"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Having the quality of closing the pores of the skin. Emphrensy Em*phren"sy (?), v. t. To madden. [Obs.] Emphysema Em`phy*se"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. emphys\'8ame.] (Med.) A swelling produced by gas or air diffused in the cellular tissue. Emphysema of the lungs, Pulmonary emphysema (Med.), a common disease of the lungs in which the air cells are distended and their partition walls ruptured by an abnormal pressure of the air contained in them. Emphysematous Em`phy*sem"a*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. emphys\'82mateux.] (Med.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, emphysema; swelled; bloated. Emphyteusis Em`phy*teu"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rom. Law) A real right, susceptible of assignment and of descent, charged on productive real estate, the right being coupled with the enjoyment of the property on condition of taking care of the estate and paying taxes, and sometimes a small rent. Heumann. Emphyteutic Em`phy*teu"tic (?), a. [L. emphyteuticus.] Of or pertaining to an emphyteusis; as, emphyteutic lands. Emphyteuticary Em`phy*teu"ti*ca*ry (?), n. [L. emphyteuticarius, a.] One who holds lands by emphyteusis. Empierce Em*pierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pierce. Cf. Impierce.] To pierce; to impierce. [Obs.] Spenser. Empight Em*pight" (?), a. [Pref. em- + pight pitched, fixed.] Fixed; settled; fastened. [Obs.] Spenser. Empire Em"pire (?), n. [F., fr. L. imperium a command, sovereignty, dominion, empire, fr. imperare. See Emperor; cf. Imperial.] 1. Supreme power; sovereignty; sway; dominion. "The empire of the sea." Shak. Over hell extend His empire, and with iron scepter rule. Milton. 2. The dominion of an emperor; the territory or countries under the jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor (rarely of a king), usually of greater extent than a kingdom, always comprising a variety in the nationality of, or the forms of administration in, constituent and subordinate portions; as, the Austrian empire. Empire carries with it the idea of a vast and complicated government. C. J. Smith. 3. Any dominion; supreme control; governing influence; rule; sway; as, the empire of mind or of reason. "Under the empire of facts." M. Arnold. Another force which, in the Middle Ages, shared with chivalry the empire over the minds of men. A. W. Ward. Celestial empire. See under Celestial. -- Empire City, a common designation of the city of New York. -- Empire State, a common designation of the State of New York. Syn. -- Sway; dominion; rule; control; reign; sovereignty; government; kingdom; realm; state. Empiric Em*pir"ic (?; 277), n. [L. empiricus an empiric, Gr. fare: cf. F. empirique. See In, and Fare.] 1. One who follows an empirical method; one who relies upon practical experience. 2. One who confines himself to applying the results of mere experience or his own observation; especially, in medicine, one who deviates from the rules of science and regular practice; an ignorant and unlicensed pretender; a quack; a charlatan. Among the Greek physicians, those who founded their practice on experience called themselves empirics. Krauth-Fleming. Swallow down opinions as silly people do empirics' pills. Locke. Empiric, Empirical Em*pir"ic (?), Em*pir"ic*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or founded upon, experiment or experience; depending upon the observation of phenomena; versed in experiments. In philosophical language, the term empirical means simply what belongs to or is the product of experience or observation. Sir W. Hamilton. The village carpenter . . . lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship. H. Spencer. 2. Depending upon experience or observation alone, without due regard to science and theory; -- said especially of medical practice, remedies, etc.; wanting in science and deep insight; as, empiric skill, remedies. Empirical formula. (Chem.) See under Formula. Syn. -- See Transcendental. Empirically Em*pir"ic*al*ly, adv. By experiment or experience; without science; in the manner of quacks. Empiricism Em*pir"i*cism (?), n. 1. The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by observation and experiment. 2. Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery. 3. (Metaph.) The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our knowledge to experience. Empiricist Em*pir"i*cist (?), n. An empiric. Empiristic Em`pi*ris"tic (?), a. (Physics) Relating to, or resulting from, experience, or experiment; following from empirical methods or data; -- opposed to nativistic. Emplaster Em*plas"ter (?), n. [OF. emplastre, F. empl\'83tre, L. emplastrum a plaster or salve, fr. Gr. See Plaster. [Obs.] Wiseman. Emplaster Em*plas"ter, v. t. [Cf. OF. emplastrer, F. empl\'83trer. See Emplaster, n.] To plaster over; to cover over so as to present a good appearance. [Obs.] "Fair as ye his name emplaster." Chaucer. Emplastic Em*plas"tic (?), a. [Cf. F. emplastique, fr. Gr. Emplaster.] Fit to be applied as a plaster; glutinous; adhesive; as, emplastic applications. Emplastic Em*plas"tic, n. A medicine causing constipation. Emplastration Em`plas*tra"tion (?), n. [L. emplastratio a budding.] 1. The act or process of grafting by inoculation; budding. [Obs.] Holland. 2. [See 1st Emplaster.] (Med.) The application of a plaster or salve. Emplead Em*plead" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + plead: cf. F. emplaidier. Cf. Implead.] To accuse; to indict. See Implead. Emplection Em*plec"tion (?), n. See Emplecton. Emplecton Em*plec"ton (?), n. [F. or L. emplecton, fr. Gr. A kind of masonry in which the outer faces of the wall are ashlar, the space between being filled with broken stone and mortar. Cross layers of stone are interlaid as binders. [R.] Weale. Emplore Em*plore" (?), v. t. See Implore. [Obs.] Employ Em*ploy" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Employed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Employing.] [F. employer, fr. L. implicare to fold into, infold, involve, implicate, engage; in + plicare to fold. See Ply, and cf. Imply, Implicate.] 1. To inclose; to infold. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To use; to have in service; to cause to be engaged in doing something; -- often followed by in, about, on, or upon, and sometimes by to; as: (a) To make use of, as an instrument, a means, a material, etc., for a specific purpose; to apply; as, to employ the pen in writing, bricks in building, words and phrases in speaking; to employ the mind; to employ one's energies. This is a day in which the thoughts . . . ought to be employed on serious subjects. Addison. (b) To occupy; as, to employ time in study. (c) To have or keep at work; to give employment or occupation to; to intrust with some duty or behest; as, to employ a hundred workmen; to employ an envoy. Jonathan . . . and Jahaziah . . . were employed about this matter. Ezra x. 15. Thy vineyard must employ the sturdy steer To turn the glebe. Dryden. To employ one's self, to apply or devote one's time and attention; to busy one's self. Syn. -- To use; busy; apply; exercise; occupy; engross; engage. See Use. Employ Em*ploy", n. [Cf. F. emploi.] That which engages or occupies a person; fixed or regular service or business; employment. The whole employ of body and of mind. Pope. In one's employ, in one's service. Employable Em*ploy"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. employable.] Capable of being employed; capable of being used; fit or proper for use. Boyle. Employ\'82 Em`ploy`\'82" (?), n. [F., p. p. of employer.] One employed by another; a clerk or workman in the service of an employer. Employee Em`ploy*ee" (?), n. [The Eng. form of employ\'82.] One employed by another. Employer Em*ploy"er (?), n. One who employs another; as, an employer of workmen. Employment Em*ploy"ment (?), n. 1. The act of employing or using; also, the state of being employed. 2. That which engages or occupies; that which consumes time or attention; office or post of business; service; as, agricultural employments; mechanical employments; public employments; in the employment of government. Cares are employments, and without employ The soul is on a rack. Young. Syn. -- Work; business; occupation; vocation; calling; office; service; commission; trade; profession. Emplumed Em*plumed" (?), a. Plumed. [R.] Emplunge Em*plunge" (?), v. t. [Cf. Implunge.] To plunge; to implunge. [Obs.] Spenser. Empoison Em*poi"son (?), v. t. [F. empoisonner; pref. em- + F. poison. See Poison, and cf. Impoison.] To poison; to impoison. Shak. Empoison Em*poi"son, n. Poison. [Obs.] Remedy of Love. Empoisoner Em*poi"son*er (?), n. Poisoner. [Obs.] Bacon. Empoisonment Em*poi"son*ment (?), n. [F. empoisonnement.] The act of poisoning. Bacon. Emporetic, Emporetical Em`po*ret"ic (?), Em`po*ret"ic*al (?), a. [L. emporeticus, Gr. Emporium.] Pertaining to an emporium; relating to merchandise. [Obs.] Johnson. Emporium Em*po"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Emporiums (#), L. Emporia (#). [L., fr. Gr. In, and Empiric, Fare.] 1. A place of trade; a market place; a mart; esp., a city or town with extensive commerce; the commercial center of a country. That wonderful emporium [Manchester] . . . was then a mean and ill-built market town. Macaulay. It is pride . . . which fills our streets, our emporiums, our theathers. Knox. 2. (Physiol.) The brain. [Obs.] Empoverish Em*pov"er*ish (?), v. t. See Impoverish. Empower Em*pow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empowering.] 1. To give authority to; to delegate power to; to commission; to authorize (having commonly a legal force); as, the Supreme Court is empowered to try and decide cases, civil or criminal; the attorney is empowered to sign an acquittance, and discharge the debtor. 2. To give moral or physical power, faculties, or abilities to. "These eyes . . . empowered to gaze." Keble. Empress Em"press (?), n. [OE. empress, emperice, OF. empereis, empereris, fr. L. imperatrix, fem. of imperator. See Emperor.] 1. The consort of an emperor. Shak. 2. A female sovereign. 3. A sovereign mistress. "Empress of my soul." Shak. Empress cloth, a cloth for ladies' dresses, either wholly of wool, or with cotton warp and wool weft. It resembles merino, but is not twilled. Emprint Em*print" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Imprint. Emprise Em*prise" (?), n. [OF. emprise, fr. emprendre to undertake; pref. em- (L. in) + F. prendre to take, L. prehendere, prendere; prae before + a verb akin to E. get. See Get, and cf. Enterprise, Impresa.] [Archaic] 1. An enterprise; endeavor; adventure. Chaucer. In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Spenser. The deeds of love and high emprise. Longfellow. 2. The qualifies which prompt one to undertake difficult and dangerous exploits. I love thy courage yet and bolt emprise; But here thy sword can do thee little stead. Milton. Emprise Em*prise", v. t. To undertake. [Obs.] Sackville. Emprising Em*pris"ing (?), a. [From Emprise, v. t.] Full of daring; adventurous. [Archaic] T. Campbell. Emprison Em*pris"on (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Imprison. Emprosthotonos Em`pros*thot"o*nos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A drawing of the body forward, in consequence of the spasmodic action of some of the muscles. Gross. Empte Emp"te (?), v. t. To empty. [Obs.] Chaucer. Emptier Emp"ti*er (?; 215), n. One who, or that which, empties. Emptier Emp"ti*er, compar. of Empty. Emptiness Emp"ti*ness, n. [From Empty.] 1. The state of being empty; absence of contents; void space; vacuum; as, the emptiness of a vessel; emptiness of the stomach. 2. Want of solidity or substance; unsatisfactoriness; inability to satisfy desire; vacuity; hollowness; the emptiness of earthly glory. 3. Want of knowledge; lack of sense; vacuity of mind. Eternal smiles his emptiness betray. Pope. The sins of emptiness, gossip, and spite. Tennyson. Emption Emp"tion (?), n. [L. emptio, fr. emere to buy.] The act of buying. [R.] Arbuthnot. Emptional Emp"tion*al (?), a. Capable of being purchased. Empty Emp"ty (?; 215), a. [Compar. Emptier (?); superl. Emptiest.] [AS. emtig, \'91mtig, \'91metig, fr. \'91mta, \'91metta, quiet, leisure, rest; of uncertain origin; cf. G. emsig busy.] 1. Containing nothing; not holding or having anything within; void of contents or appropriate contents; not filled; -- said of an inclosure, as a box, room, house, etc.; as, an empty chest, room, purse, or pitcher; an empty stomach; empty shackles. _________________________________________________________________ Page 487 2. Free; clear; devoid; -- often with of. "That fair female troop . . . empty of all good." Milton. I shall find you empty of that fault. Shak. 3. Having nothing to carry; unburdened. "An empty messenger." Shak. When ye go ye shall not go empty. Ex. iii. 21. 4. Destitute of effect, sincerity, or sense; -- said of language; as, empty words, or threats. Words are but empty thanks. Cibber. 5. Unable to satisfy; unsatisfactory; hollow; vain; -- said of pleasure, the world, etc. Pleas'd in the silent shade with empty praise. Pope. 6. Producing nothing; unfruitful; -- said of a plant or tree; as, an empty vine. Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind. Gen. xli. 27. 7. Destitute of, or lacking, sense, knowledge, or courtesy; as, empty brains; an empty coxcomb. That in civility thou seem'st so empty. Shak. 8. Destitute of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial; as, empty dreams. NOTE: &hand; Em pty is used as the first element in a compound; as, empty-handed, having nothing in the hands, destitute; empty-headed, having few ideas; empty-hearted, destitute of feeling. Syn. -- See Vacant. Empty Emp"ty (?), n.; pl. Empties (. An empty box, crate, cask, etc.; -- used in commerce, esp. in transportation of freight; as, "special rates for empties." Empty Emp"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emptied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emptying.] To deprive of the contents; to exhaust; to make void or destitute; to make vacant; to pour out; to discharge; as, to empty a vessel; to empty a well or a cistern. The clouds . . . empty themselves upon the earth. Eccl. xi. 3. Empty Emp"ty, v. i. 1. To discharge itself; as, a river empties into the ocean. 2. To become empty. "The chapel empties." B. Jonson. Emptying Emp"ty*ing, n. 1. The act of making empty. Shak. 2. pl. The lees of beer, cider, etc.; yeast. [U.S.] Empugn Em*pugn" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Impugn. Empurple Em*pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empurpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empurpling (?).] [Pref. em- + purple. Cf. Impurple.] To tinge or dye of a purple color; to color with purple; to impurple. "The deep empurpled ran." Philips. Empuse Em*puse" (?), n. [LL. empusa, Gr. A phantom or specter. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Empuzzle Em*puz"zle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + puzzle.] To puzzle. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne. Empyema Em`py*e"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A collection of blood, pus, or other fluid, in some cavity of the body, especially that of the pleura. Dunglison. NOTE: &hand; Th e term empyema is now restricted to a collection of pus in the cavity of the pleura. Empyesis Em`py*e"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An eruption of pustules. Empyreal Em*pyr"e*al (?), a. [L. empyrius, empyreus, fiery, Gr. In, and Fire.] Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond a\'89rial substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven. Go, soar with Plato to the empyreal sphere. Pope. Empyreal air, oxygen gas. Empyreal Em*pyr"e*al, n. Empyrean. Mrs. Browning. Empyrean Em`py*re"an (?; 277), n. [See Empyreal.] The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed by the ancients to subsist. The empyrean rung With hallelujahs. Milton. Empyrean Em`py*re"an, a. Empyreal. Akenside. Empyreuma Em`py*reu"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. empyreume. See Empyreal.] (Chem.) The peculiar smell and taste arising from products of decomposition of animal or vegetable substances when burnt in close vessels. Empyreumatic, Empyreumatical Em`py*reu*mat"ic (?), Em`py*reu*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. empyreumatique.] Of or pertaining to empyreuma; as, an empyreumatic odor. Empyreumatic oils, oils obtained by distilling various organic substances at high temperatures. Brande & C. Empyreumatize Em`py*reu"ma*tize (?), v. t. To render empyreumatic. [R.] Empyrical Em*pyr"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Empyreal.] Containing the combustible principle of coal. Kirwan. Empyrosis Em"py*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A general fire; a conflagration. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Emrods Em"rods (?), n. pl. See Emerods. [Obs.] Emu E"mu (?), n. [Cf. Pg. ema ostrich, F. \'82mou, \'82meu, emu.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Australian bird, of two species (Dromaius Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91 and D. irroratus), related to the cassowary and the ostrich. The emu runs swiftly, but is unable to fly. [Written also emeu and emew.] NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is so metimes er roneously applied, by the Brazilians, to the rhea, or South American ostrich. Emu wren. See in the Vocabulary. Emulable Em"u*la*ble (?), a. [L. aemulari to emulate + -able.] Capable of being emulated. [R.] Some imitable and emulable good. Abp. Leighton. Emulate Em"u*late (?), a. [L. aemulatus, p. p. of aemulari, fr. aemulus emulous; prob. akin to E. imitate.] Striving to excel; ambitious; emulous. [Obs.] "A most emulate pride." Shak. Emulate Em"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emulating (?).] To strive to equal or to excel in qualities or actions; to imitate, with a view to equal or to outdo, to vie with; to rival; as, to emulate the good and the great. Thine eye would emulate the diamond. Shak. Emulation Em`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. aemulatio: cf. F. \'82mulation.] 1. The endeavor to equal or to excel another in qualities or actions; an assiduous striving to equal or excel another; rivalry. A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden. 2. Jea Such factious emulations shall arise. Shak. Syn. -- Competition; rivalry; contest; contention; strife. -- Emulation, Competition, Rivalry. Competition is the struggle of two or more persons for the same object. Emulation is an ardent desire for superiority, arising from competition, but now implying, of necessity, any improper feeling. Rivalry is a personal contest, and, almost of course, has a selfish object and gives rise to envy. "Competition and emulation have honor for their basis; rivalry is but a desire for selfish gratification. Competition and emulation animate to effort; rivalry usually produces hatred. Competition and emulation seek to merit success; rivalry is contented with obtaining it." Crabb. Emulative Em"u*la*tive (?), a. Inclined to emulation; aspiring to competition; rivaling; as, an emulative person or effort. "Emulative zeal." Hoole. Emulatively Em"u*la*tive*ly, adv. In an emulative manner; with emulation. Emulator Em"u*la`tor (?), n. [L. aemulator.] One who emulates, or strives to equal or surpass. As Virgil rivaled Homer, Milton was the emulator of both. Bp. Warburton. Emulatory Em"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to emulation; connected with rivalry. [R.] "Emulatory officiousness." Bp. Hall. Emulatress Em"u*la`tress (?), n. A female emulator. [R.] Emule Em"ule (?), v. t. [F. \'82muler. See Emulate.] To emulate. [Obs.] "Emuled of many." Spenser. Emulge E*mulge" (?), v. t. [L. emulgere, emulsum; e out + mulgere to milk; akin to E. milk. See Milk.] To milk out; to drain. [Obs.] Bailey. Emulgent E*mul"gent (?), a. [L. emulgens, p. pr. of emulgere to milk out: cf. F. \'82mulgent. So called because regarded by the ancients as straining out the serum, as if by milking, and so producing the urine.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the kidneys; renal; as, emulgent arteries and veins. -- n. An emulgent vessel, as a renal artery or vein. Emulgent E*mul"gent, n. (Med.) A medicine that excites the flow of bile. [Obs.] Hoblyn. Emulous Em"u*lous (?), a. [L. aemulus. See Emulate.] 1. Ambitiously desirous to equal or even to excel another; eager to emulate or vie with another; desirous of like excellence with another; -- with of; as, emulous of another's example or virtues. 2. Vying with; rivaling; hence, contentious, envious. "Emulous Carthage." B. Jonson. Emulous missions 'mongst the gods. Shak. Emulously Em"u*lous*ly, adv. In an emulous manner. Emulousness Em"u*lous*ness, n. The quality of being emulous. Emulsic E*mul"sic (?), a. Pertaining to, or produced from, emulsin; as, emulsic acid. Hoblyn. Emulsify E*mul"si*fy (?), v. t. [Emulsion + -fy.] To convert into an emulsion; to form an emulsion; to reduce from an oily substance to a milky fluid in which the fat globules are in a very finely divided state, giving it the semblance of solution; as, the pancreatic juice emulsifies the oily part of food. Emulsin E*mul"sin (?), n. [See Emulsion, Emulge.] (Chem.) (a) The white milky pulp or extract of bitter almonds. [R.] (b) An unorganized ferment (contained in this extract and in other vegetable juices), which effects the decomposition of certain glucosides. Emulsion E*mul"sion (?), n. [From L. emulgere, emulsum: cf. F. \'82mulsion. See Emulge.] Any liquid preparation of a color and consistency resembling milk; as: (a) In pharmacy, an extract of seeds, or a mixture of oil and water united by a mucilaginous substance. (b) In photography, a liquid preparation of collodion holding salt of silver, used in the photographic process. Emulsive E*mul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82mulsif.] 1. Softening; milklike. 2. Yielding oil by expression; as, emulsive seeds. 3. Producing or yielding a milklike substance; as, emulsive acids. Emunctory E*munc"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Emunctories (#). [L. emunctorium a pair of snuffers, fr. emungere, emunctum, to blow the nose, hence, to wipe, cleanse; e out + mungere to blow the nose: cf. F. \'82monctoire, formerly spelled also \'82monctoire.] (Physiol.) Any organ or part of the body (as the kidneys, skin, etc.,) which serves to carry off excrementitious or waste matter. Emuscation Em`us*ca"tion (?), n. [L. emuscare to clear from moss; e out + muscus moss.] A freeing from moss. [Obs.] Emu wren E"mu wren` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A small wrenlike Australian bird (Stipiturus malachurus), having the tail feathers long and loosely barbed, like emu feathers. Emyd E"myd (?), n.; pl. E. Emyds (#), E. Emyd (#). [See Emydea.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water tortoise of the family Emydid\'91. Emydea E*myd"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Emys a genus of tortoises, L. emys a kind of fresh-water tortoise, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of chelonians which comprises many species of fresh-water tortoises and terrapins. En- En- (?). 1. [F. en-, L. in.] A prefix signifying in or into, used in many English words, chiefly those borrowed from the French. Some English words are written indifferently with en- or in-. For ease of pronunciation it is commonly changed to em- before p, b, and m, as in employ, embody, emmew. It is sometimes used to give a causal force, as in enable, enfeeble, to cause to be, or to make, able, or feeble; and sometimes merely gives an intensive force, as in enchasten. See In-. 2. A prefix from Gr. in ; as, encephalon, entomology. See In-. -en -en. 1. A suffix from AS. -an, formerly used to form the plural of many nouns, as in ashen, eyen, oxen, all obs. except oxen. In some cases, such as children and brethren, it has been added to older plural forms. 2. A suffix corresponding to AS. -en and -on, formerly used to form the plural of verbs, as in housen, escapen. 3. A suffix signifying to make, to cause, used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives; as in strengthen, quicken, frighten. This must not be confused with -en corresponding in Old English to the AS. infinitive ending -an. 4. [AS. -en; akin to Goth. -eins, L. -inus, Gr. An adjectival suffix, meaning made of; as in golden, leaden, wooden. 5. [AS. -en; akin to Skr. -na.] The termination of the past participle of many strong verbs; as, in broken, gotten, trodden. En En (?), n. (Print.) Half an em, that is, half of the unit of space in measuring printed matter. See Em. Enable En*a"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enabling (?).] 1. To give strength or ability to; to make firm and strong. [Obs.] "Who hath enabled me." 1 Tim. i. 12. Receive the Holy Ghost, said Christ to his apostles, when he enabled them with priestly power. Jer. Taylor. 2. To make able (to do, or to be, something); to confer sufficient power upon; to furnish with means, opportunities, and the like; to render competent for; to empower; to endow. Temperance gives Nature her full play, and enables her to exert herself in all her force and vigor. Addison. Enablement En*a"ble*ment (?), n. The act of enabling, or the state of being enabled; ability. Bacon. Enact En*act" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enacting.] 1. To decree; to establish by legal and authoritative act; to make into a law; especially, to perform the legislative act with reference to (a bill) which gives it the validity of law. 2. To act; to perform; to do; to effect. [Obs.] The king enacts more wonders than a man. Shak. 3. To act the part of; to represent; to play. I did enact Julius Caesar. Shak. Enacting clause, that clause of a bill which formally expresses the legislative sanction. Enact En*act", n. Purpose; determination. [Obs.] Enactive En*act"ive (?), a. Having power to enact or establish as a law. Abp. Bramhall. Enactment En*act"ment (?), n. 1. The passing of a bill into a law; the giving of legislative sanction and executive approval to a bill whereby it is established as a law. 2. That which is enacted or passed into a law; a law; a decree; a statute; a prescribed requirement; as, a prohibitory enactment; a social enactment. Enactor En*act"or (?), n. One who enacts a law; one who decrees or establishes as a law. Atterbury. Enacture En*ac"ture (?; 135), n. Enactment; resolution. [Obs.] Shak. Enaliosaur En*al"i*o*saur` (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Enaliosauria. Enaliosauria En*al`i*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct group of marine reptiles, embracing both the Ichthyosauria and the Plesiosauria, now regarded as distinct orders. Enaliosaurian En*al`i*o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to the Enaliosauria. -- n. One of the Enaliosauria. Enallage E*nal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A substitution, as of one part of speech for another, of one gender, number, case, person, tense, mode, or voice, of the same word, for another. Enambush En*am"bush (?), v. t. To ambush. [Obs.] Enamel En*am"el (?), n. [Pref. en- + amel. See Amel, Smelt, v. t.] 1. A variety of glass, used in ornament, to cover a surface, as of metal or pottery, and admitting of after decoration in color, or used itself for inlaying or application in varied colors. 2. (Min.) A glassy, opaque bead obtained by the blowpipe. 3. That which is enameled; also, any smooth, glossy surface, resembling enamel, especially if variegated. 4. (Anat.) The intensely hard calcified tissue entering into the composition of teeth. It merely covers the exposed parts of the teeth of man, but in many animals is intermixed in various ways with the dentine and cement. Enamel painting, painting with enamel colors upon a ground of metal, porcelain, or the like, the colors being afterwards fixed by fire. -- Enamel paper, paper glazed a metallic coating. Enamel En*am"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enameled (?) or Enamelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Enameling or Enamelling.] 1. To lay enamel upon; to decorate with enamel whether inlaid or painted. _________________________________________________________________ Page 488 2. To variegate with colors as if with enamel. Oft he [the serpent]bowed His turret crest and sleek enameled neck. Milton. 3. To form a glossy surface like enamel upon; as, to enamel card paper; to enamel leather or cloth. 4. To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion. Enamel En*am"el (?), v. i. To practice the art of enameling. Enamel En*am"el, a. Relating to the art of enameling; as, enamel painting. Tomlinson. Enamelar En*am"el*ar (?), a. Consisting of enamel; resembling enamel; smooth; glossy. [R.] Craig. Enameled En*am"eled (?), a. Coated or adorned with enamel; having a glossy or variegated surface; glazed. [Written also enamelled.] Enameler, Enamelist En*am"el*er (?), En*am"el*ist, n. One who enamels; a workman or artist who applies enamels in ornamental work. [Written also enameller, enamellist.] Enamor En*am"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enamored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enamoring.] [OF. enamourer, enamorer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. & F. amour love, L. amor. See Amour, and cf. Inamorato.] To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate; -- with of, or with, before the person or thing; as, to be enamored with a lady; to be enamored of books or science. [Written also enamour.] Passionately enamored of this shadow of a dream. W. Irving. Enamorment En*am"or*ment (?), n. The state of being enamored. [R.] Enantiomorphous E*nan`ti*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. (Crystallog.) Similar, but not superposable, i. e., related to each other as a right-handed to a left-handed glove; -- said of certain hemihedral crystals. Enantiopathic E*nan`ti*o*path"ic (?), a. (Med.) Serving to palliate; palliative. Dunglison. Enantiopathy E*nan`ti*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. 1. An opposite passion or affection. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. (Med.) Allopathy; -- a term used by followers of Hahnemann, or homeopathists. Enantiosis E*nan`ti*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which what is to be understood affirmatively is stated negatively, and the contrary; affirmation by contraries. Enarch En**arch" (?), v. t. To arch. [Obs.] Lydgate. Enarched En*arched" (?), a. (Her.) Bent into a curve; -- said of a bend or other ordinary. Enargite En*ar"gite (?), n. (Min.) An iron-black mineral of metallic luster, occurring in small orthorhombic crystals, also massive. It contains sulphur, arsenic, copper, and often silver. Enarmed En*armed" (?), a. (Her.) Same as Armed, 3. Enarration En`ar*ra"tion (?), n. [L. enarratio. See Narration.] A detailed exposition; relation. [Obs.] Hakewill. Enarthrodia En`ar*thro"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Arthrodia.] (Anat.) See Enarthrosis. -- En`ar*thro"di*al, a. Enarthrosis En`ar*thro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A ball and socket joint, or the kind of articulation represented by such a joint. See Articulation. Enascent E*nas"cent (?), a. [L. enascens, p. pr. of enasci to spring up; e out + nasci to be born.] Coming into being; nascent. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton. Enatation E`na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. enatare to swim out. See Natation.] A swimming out. [Obs.] Bailey. Enate E*nate" (?), a. [L. enatus, p. p. of enasci. See Enascent.] Growing out. Enation E*na"tion (?), n. (Bot.) Any unusual outgrowth from the surface of a thing, as of a petal; also, the capacity or act of producing such an outgrowth. Enaunter E*naun"ter (?), adv. [Pref. en- + aunter.] Lest that. [Obs.] Spenser. Enavigate E*nav"i*gate (?), v. t. [L. enavigatus, p. p. of enavigare.] To sail away or over. [Obs.] Cockeram. Enbattled En*bat"tled (?), a. Embattled. [Obs.] Enbibe En*bibe" (?), v. t. To imbibe. [Obs.] Skelton. Enbroude En*broud"e (?), v. t. See Embroude. Encage En*cage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engaging.] [Pref. en- + cage: cf. F. encager.] To confine in a cage; to coop up. Shak. Encalendar En*cal"en*dar (?), v. t. To register in a calendar; to calendar. Drayton. Encamp En*camp" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Encamped (?; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Encamping.] To form and occupy a camp; to prepare and settle in temporary habitations, as tents or huts; to halt on a march, pitch tents, or form huts, and remain for the night or for a longer time, as an army or a company traveling. The host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim. 1 Chron. xi. 15. Encamp En*camp", v. t. To form into a camp; to place in a temporary habitation, or quarters. Bid him encamp his soldiers. Shak. Encampment En*camp"ment (?), n. 1. The act of pitching tents or forming huts, as by an army or traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest. 2. The place where an army or a company is encamped; a camp; tents pitched or huts erected for temporary lodgings. A square of about seven hundred yards was sufficient for the encampment of twenty thousand Romans. Gibbon. A green encampment yonder meets the eye. Guardian. Encanker En*can"ker (?), v. t. To canker. [Obs.] Encapsulation En*cap`su*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule. Encarnalize En*car"nal*ize (?), v. t. To carnalize; to make gross. [R.] "Encarnalize their spirits." Tennyson. Encarpus En*car"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. encarpa, pl., Gr. (Arch.) An ornament on a frieze or capital, consisting of festoons of fruit, flowers, leaves, etc. [Written also encarpa.] Encase En*case" (?), v. t. [Cf. Enchase.] To inclose as in a case. See Incase. Beau. & Fl. Encasement En*case"ment (?), n. [Cf. Casement.] 1. The act of encasing; also, that which encases. 2. (Biol.) An old theory of generation similar to emboOvulist. Encash En*cash" (?), v. t. (Eng. Banking) To turn into cash; to cash. Sat. Rev. Encashment En*cash"ment (?), n. (Eng. Banking) The payment in cash of a note, draft, etc. Encauma En*cau"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Encaustic.] (Med.) An ulcer in the eye, upon the cornea, which causes the loss of the humors. Dunglison. Encaustic En*caus"tic (?), a. [L. encausticus, Gr. encaustique. See Caustic, and cf. Ink.] (Fine Arts) Prepared by means of heat; burned in. Encaustic painting (Fine Arts), painting by means of wax with which the colors are combined, and which is afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors. -- Encaustic tile (Fine Arts), an earthenware tile which has a decorative pattern and is not wholly of one color. Encaustic En*caus"tic, n. [L. encaustica, Gr. encaustique. See Encaustic, a.] The method of painting in heated wax, or in any way where heat is used to fix the colors. Encave En*cave" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + cave: cf. F. encaver. Cf. Incavated.] To hide in, or as in, a cave or recess. "Do but encave yourself." Shak. -ence -ence (?). [F. -ence, L. -entia.] A noun suffix signifying action, state, or quality; also, that which relates to the action or state; as in emergence, diffidence, diligence, influence, difference, excellence. See -ance. Enceinte En`ceinte" (?), n. [F., fr. enceindre to gird about, surround, L. incingere; in (intens). + cingere to gird. See Cincture.] 1. (Fort.) The line of works which forms the main inclosure of a fortress or place; -- called also body of the place. 2. The area or town inclosed by a line of fortification. The suburbs are not unfrequently larger than their enceinte. S. W. Williams. Enceinte En`ceinte", a. [F., fr. L. in not + cinctus, p. p. of cingere to gird about.] Pregnant; with child. Encenia En*ce"ni*a (?), n. pl. [LL. encaenia, fr. Gr. A festival commemorative of the founding of a city or the consecration of a church; also, the ceremonies (as at Oxford and Cambridge, England) commemorative of founders or benefactors. Encense En*cense" (?), v. t. & i. [F. encenser, fr. encens. See Incense, n.] To offer incense to or upon; to burn incense. [Obs.] Chaucer. Encephalic En`ce*phal"ic (?), a. [See Encephalon.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the encephalon or brain. Encephalitis En*ceph`a*li"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the brain. -- En`ceph*a*lit"ic (#), a. Encephalocele En*ceph"a*lo*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Hernia of the brain. Encephaloid En*ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling the material of the brain; cerebriform. Encephaloid cancer (Med.), a very malignant form of cancer of brainlike consistency. See under Cancer. Encephaloid En*ceph"a*loid, n. An encephaloid cancer. Encephalology En*ceph`a*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of the brain, its structure and functions. Encephalon En*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL. See Encephalos.] (Anat.) The contents of the cranium; the brain. Encephalopathy En*ceph`a*lop"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Any disease or symptoms of disease referable to disorders of the brain; as, lead encephalopathy, the cerebral symptoms attending chronic lead poisoning. Encephalos En*ceph"a*los (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The encephalon. In man the encephalos reaches its full size about seven years of age. Sir W. Hamilton. Encephalotomy En*ceph`a*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The act or art of dissecting the brain. Encephalous En*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a head; -- said of most Mollusca; -- opposed to acephalous. Enchafe En*chafe" (?), v. t. To chafe; to enrage; to heat. [Obs.] Shak. Enchafing En*chaf"ing, n. Heating; burning. [Obs.] The wicked enchaufing or ardure of this sin [lust]. Chaucer. Enchain En*chain" (?), v. t. [F. encha\'8cner; pref. en- (L. in) cha\'8cne chain. See Chain, and cf. Incatenation.] 1. To bind with a chain; to hold in chains. 2. To hold fast; to confine; as, to enchain attention. 3. To link together; to connect. Howell. Enchainment En*chain"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. encha\'8cnement.] The act of enchaining, or state of being enchained. Enchair En*chair" (?), v. t. To seat in a chair. Tennyson. Enchannel En*chan"nel (?), v. t. To make run in a channel. "Its waters were enchanneled." Sir D. Brewster. Enchant En*chant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enchanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enchanting.] [F. enchanter, L. incantare to chant or utter a magic formula over or against one, to bewitch; in in, against + cantare to sing. See Chant, and cf. Incantation.] 1. To charm by sorcery; to act on by enchantment; to get control of by magical words and rites. And now about the caldron sing, Like elves and fairies in a ring, Enchanting all that you put in. Shak. He is enchanted, cannot speak. Tennyson. 2. To delight in a high degree; to charm; to enrapture; as, music enchants the ear. Arcadia was the charmed circle where all his spirits forever should be enchanted. Sir P. Sidney. Syn. -- To charm; bewitch; fascinate. Cf. Charm. Enchanted En*chant"ed (?), a. Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle. Enchanter En*chant"er (?), n. [Cf. F. enchanteur.] One who enchants; a sorcerer or magician; also, one who delights as by an enchantment. Like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing. Shelley. Enchanter's nightshade (Bot.), a genus (Circ\'91a) of low inconspicuous, perennial plants, found in damp, shady places. Enchanting En*chant"ing, a. Having a power of enchantment; charming; fascinating. -- En*chant"ing*ly, adv. Enchantment En*chant"ment (?), n. [F. enchantement.] 1. The act of enchanting; the production of certain wonderful effects by the aid of demons, or the agency of supposed spirits; the use of magic arts, spells, or charms; incantation. After the last enchantment you did here. Shak. 2. The effect produced by the act; the state of being enchanted; as, to break an enchantment. 3. That which captivates the heart and senses; an influence or power which fascinates or highly delights. Such an enchantment as there is in words. South. Syn. -- Incantation; necromancy; magic; sorcery; witchcraft; spell; charm; fascination; witchery. Enchantress En*chant"ress (?), n. [Cf. F. enchanteresse.] A woman versed in magical arts; a sorceress; also, a woman who fascinates. Shak. Encharge En*charge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encharged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encharging (?).] [OF. enchargier, F. encharger; pref. en- (L. in) + F. charger. See Charge.] To charge (with); to impose (a charge) upon. His countenance would express the spirit and the passion of the part he was encharged with. Jeffrey. Encharge En*charge", n. A charge. [Obs.] A. Copley. Enchase En*chase" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enchasing.] [F. ench\'83sser; pref. en- (L. in) + ch\'83sse box containing relics, frame, case, the same word as caisse case. See 1st Case, and cf. Chase, Encase, Incase.] 1. To incase or inclose in a border or rim; to surround with an ornamental casing, as a gem with gold; to encircle; to inclose; to adorn. Enchased with a wanton ivy twine. Spenser. An precious stones, in studs of gold enchased, The shaggy velvet of his buskins graced. Mickle. 2. To chase; to ornament by embossing or engraving; as, to enchase a watch case. With golden letters . . . well enchased. Spenser. 3. To delineate or describe, as by writing. [Obs.] All which . . . for to enchase, Him needeth sure a golden pen, I ween. Spenser. Enchaser En*chas"er (?), n. One who enchases. Enchasten En*chas"ten (?), v. t. To chasten. [Obs.] Encheson, Encheason En*che"son, En*chea"son (?), n. [OF. enchaison, fr. L. incidere to happen; in + cadere to fall.] Occasion, cause, or reason. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enchest En*chest" (?), v. t. [Cf. Inchest.] To inclose in a chest. Vicars. Enchiridion En`chi*rid"i*on (?), n. [L., from Gr. Handbook; a manual of devotions. Evelyn. Enchisel En*chis"el (?), v. t. To cut with a chisel. Enchodus En"cho*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Cretaceous fishes; -- so named from their spear-shaped teeth. They were allied to the pike (Esox). Enchondroma En`chon*dro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A cartilaginous tumor growing from the interior of a bone. Quain. Enchorial, Enchoric En*cho"ri*al (?), En*chor"ic (?), a. [Gr. Belonging to, or used in, a country; native; domestic; popular; common; -- said especially of the written characters employed by the common people of ancient Egypt, in distinction from the hieroglyphics. See Demotic. Enchylemma En`chy*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The basal substance of the cell nucleus; a hyaline or granular substance, more or less fluid during life, in which the other parts of the nucleus are imbedded. Enchyma En"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The primitive formative juice, from which the tissues, particularly the cellular tissue, are formed. Encincture En*cinc"ture (?), n. A cincture. [Poetic] The vast encincture of that gloomy sea. Wordsworth. Encindered En*cin"dered (?), a. Burnt to cinders. [R.] Encircle En*cir"cle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encircled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encircling (?).] [Pref. en- + circle: cf. OF. encercler.] To form a circle about; to inclose within a circle or ring; to surround; as, to encircle one in the arms; the army encircled the city. Her brows encircled with his serpent rod. Parnell. Syn. -- To encompass; surround; environ; inclose. Encirclet En*cir"clet (?), n. [Encircle + -let.] A small circle; a ring. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Enclasp En*clasp" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + clasp. Cf. Inclasp.] To clasp. See Inclasp. Enclave En*clave" (?), n. [F., fr. L. in + clavus a nail.] A tract of land or a territory inclosed within another territory of which it is independent. See Exclave. [Recent] Enclave En*clave", v. t. [Cf. F. enclaver.] To inclose within an alien territory. [Recent] Enclavement En*clave"ment (?), n. [F.] The state of being an enclave. [Recent] _________________________________________________________________ Page 489 Enclitic, Enclitical En*clit"ic (?), En*clit"ic*al (?), a. [L. encliticus, Gr. In, and Lean, v. i.] (Gram.) Affixed; subjoined; -- said of a word or particle which leans back upon the preceding word so as to become a part of it, and to lose its own independent accent, generally varying also the accent of the preceding word. Enclitic En*clit"ic, n. (Gram.) A word which is joined to another so closely as to lose its proper accent, as the pronoun thee in prithee (pray thee). Enclitically En*clit"ic*al*ly, adv. In an enclitic manner; by throwing the accent back. Walker. Enclitics En*clit"ics (?), n. (Gram.) The art of declining and conjugating words. Encloister En*clois"ter (?), v. t. [Cf. Incloister.] To shut up in a cloister; to cloister. Enclose En*close" (?), v. t. [F. enclos, p. p. of enclore to enclose; pref. en- (L. in) + clore to close. See Close, and cf. Inclose, Include.] To inclose. See Inclose. Enclosure En*clo"sure (?; 135), n. Inclosure. See Inclosure. NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rds en close an d en closure ar e wr itten indiscriminately enclose or inclose and enclosure or inclosure. Enclothe En*clothe" (?), v. t. To clothe. Encloud En*cloud" (?), v. t. [Cf. Incloud.] To envelop in clouds; to cloud. [R.] Spenser. Encoach En*coach" (?), v. t. [Cf. Incoach.] To carry in a coach. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr.) Encoffin En*cof"fin (?), v. t. To put in a coffin. [R.] Encolden En*cold"en (?), v. t. To render cold. [Obs.] Encollar En*col"lar (?), v. t. To furnish or surround with a collar. [R.] Encolor En*col"or (?), v. t. To color. [R.] Encolure En`co`lure" (?), n. [F.] The neck of horse. R. Browning. Encomber En*com"ber (?), v. t. See Encumber. [Obs.] Encomberment En*com"ber*ment (?), n. [See Encumberment.] Hindrance; molestation.[Obs.] Spenser. Encomiast En*co"mi*ast (?), n. [Gr. encomiaste. See Encomium.] One who praises; a panegyrist. Locke. Encomiastic, Encomiastical En*co`mi*as"tic (?), En*co`mi*as"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. Bestowing praise; praising; eulogistic; laudatory; as, an encomiastic address or discourse. -- En*co`mi*as"tic*al*ly, adv. Encomiastic En*co`mi*as"tic, n. A panegyric. B. Jonson. Encomion En*co"mi*on (?), n. [NL.] Encomium; panegyric. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Encomium En*co"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Encomiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Comedy.] Warm or high praise; panegyric; strong commendation. His encomiums awakened all my ardor. W. Irving. Syn. -- See Eulogy. Encompass En*com"pass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encompassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encompassing.] To circumscribe or go round so as to surround closely; to encircle; to inclose; to environ; as, a ring encompasses the finger; an army encompasses a city; a voyage encompassing the world. Shak. A question may be encompassed with difficulty. C. J. Smith. The love of all thy sons encompass thee. Tennyson. Syn. -- To encircle; inclose; surround; include; environ; invest; hem in; shut up. Encompassment En*com"pass*ment (?), n. The act of surrounding, or the state of being surrounded; circumvention. By this encompassment and drift of question. Shak. Encore En`core" (?), adv. OR interj. [F. The last part of the word is fr. L. hora hour. See Hour.] Once more; again; -- used by the auditors and spectators of plays, concerts, and other entertainments, to call for a repetition of a particular part. Encore En`core", n. A call or demand (as, by continued applause) for a repetition; as, the encores were numerous. Encore En`core", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encoring.] To call for a repetition or reappearance of; as, to encore a song or a singer. [Rebecca] insisted upon encoring one of the duets. Thackeray. Encorporing En*cor"po*ring (?), n. [Pref. en- + L. corpus body.] Incorporation. [Obs.] Chaucer. Encoubert En`cou`bert" (?), n. [F., Pg. encorberto, encuberto, lit., covered.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of armadillos of the genera Dasypus and Euphractus, having five toes both on the fore and hind feet. Encounter En*coun"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encountered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encountering.] [OF. encontrer; pref. en- (L. in) + contre against, L. contra. See Counter, adv.] To come against face to face; to meet; to confront, either by chance, suddenly, or deliberately; especially, to meet in opposition or with hostile intent; to engage in conflict with; to oppose; to struggle with; as, to encounter a friend in traveling; two armies encounter each other; to encounter obstacles or difficulties, to encounter strong evidence of a truth. Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him. Acts xvii. 18. I am most fortunate thus accidentally to encounter you. Shak. Encounter En*coun"ter, v. i. To meet face to face; to have a meeting; to meet, esp. as enemies; to engage in combat; to fight; as, three armies encountered at Waterloo. I will encounter with Andronicus. Shak. Perception and judgment, employed in the investigation of all truth, have in the first place to encounter with particulars. Tatham. Encounter En*coun"ter, n. [OF. encontre, fr. encontrer. See Encounter, v. t.] 1. A meeting face to face; a running against; a sudden or incidental meeting; an interview. To shun the encounter of the vulgar crowd. Pope. 2. A meeting, with hostile purpose; hence, a combat; a battle; as, a bloody encounter. As one for . . . fierce encounters fit. Spenser. To join their dark encounter in mid-air. Milton . Syn. -- Contest; conflict; fight; combat; assault; rencounter; attack; engagement; onset. See Contest. Encounterer En*coun"ter*er (?), n. One who encounters; an opponent; an antagonist. Atterbury. Encourage En*cour"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encouraged (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Encouraging (?).] [F. encourager; pref. en- (L. in) + courage courage. See Courage.] To give courage to; to inspire with courage, spirit, or hope; to raise, or to increase, the confidence of; to animate; enhearten; to incite; to help forward; -- the opposite of discourage. David encouraged himself in the Lord. 1 Sam. xxx. 6. Syn. -- To embolden; inspirit; animate; enhearten; hearten; incite; cheer; urge; impel; stimulate; instigate; countenance; comfort; promote; advance; forward; strengthen. Encouragement En*cour"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. encouragement.] 1. The act of encouraging; incitement to action or to practice; as, the encouragement of youth in generosity. All generous encouragement of arts. Otway. 2. That which serves to incite, support, promote, or advance, as favor, countenance, reward, etc.; incentive; increase of confidence; as, the fine arts find little encouragement among a rude people. To think of his paternal care, Is a most sweet encouragement to prayer. Byron. Encourager En*cour"a*ger (?), n. One who encourages, incites, or helps forward; a favorer. The pope is . . . a great encourager of arts. Addison. Encouraging En*cour"a*ging (?), a. Furnishing ground to hope; inspiriting; favoring. -- En*cour"a*ging*ly, adv. Encowl En*cowl" (?), v. t. To make a monk (or wearer of a cowl) of. [R.] Drayton. Encradle En*cra"dle (?), v. t. To lay in a cradle. Encratite En"cra*tite (?), n. [L. Encratitae, pl., fr. Gr. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the 2d century who abstained from marriage, wine, and animal food; -- called also Continent. Encrease En*crease" (?), v. t. & i. [Obs.] See Increase. Encrimson En*crim"son (?), v. t. To give a crimson or red color to; to crimson. Shak. Encrinic, Encrinal, Encrinital En*crin"ic (?), En*cri"nal (?), En*crin"i*tal (?), a. (Paleon.) Relating to encrinites; containing encrinites, as certain kinds of limestone. Encrinite En"cri*nite (?), n. [Gr. encrinite.] (Paleon.) A fossil crinoid, esp. one belonging to, or resembling, the genus Encrinus. Sometimes used in a general sense for any crinoid. Encrinitic, Encrinitical En`cri*nit"ic (?), En`cri*nit"ic*al (?), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to encrinites; encrinal. Encrinoidea En`cri*noid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Encrinus and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) That order of the Crinoidea which includes most of the living and many fossil forms, having jointed arms around the margin of the oral disk; -- also called Brachiata and Articulata. See Illusts. under Comatula and Crinoidea. Encrinus En"cri*nus (?), n.; pl. Encrini (#). [NL. See Encrinite.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil encrinoidea, from the Mesozoic rocks. Encrisped En*crisped" (?), a. Curled. [Obs.] Skelton. Encroach En*croach" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Encroached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encroaching.] [OF. encrochier to perch, prop., to hook, fasten a hook (perh. confused with acrochier, F. accrocher, to hook, get hold of, E. accroach); pref. en- (L. in) + F. croc hook. See Crook, and cf. Accroach.] To enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions or rights of another; to trespass; to intrude; to trench; -- commonly with on or upon; as, to encroach on a neighbor; to encroach on the highway. No sense, faculty, or member must encroach upon or interfere with the duty and office of another. South. Superstition, . . . a creeping and encroaching evil. Hooker. Exclude the encroaching cattle from thy ground. Dryden. Syn. -- To intrude; trench; infringe; invade; trespass. Encroach En*croach", n. Encroachment. [Obs.] South. Encroacher En*croach"er (?), n. One who by gradual steps enters on, and takes possession of, what is not his own. Encroachingly En*croach"ing*ly, adv. By way of encroachment. Encroachment En*croach"ment (?), n. 1. The act of entering gradually or silently upon the rights or possessions of another; unlawful intrusion. An unconstitutional encroachment of military power on the civil establishment. Bancroft. 2. That which is taken by encroaching on another. 3. (Law) An unlawful diminution of the possessions of another. Encrust En*crust" (?), v. t. To incrust. See Incrust. Encrustment En*crust"ment (?), n. That which is formed as a crust; incrustment; incrustation. Disengaging truth from its encrustment of error. I. Taylor. Encumber En*cum"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encumbering.] [F. encombrer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. combrer to hinder. See Cumber, and cf. Incumber.] >[Written also incumber.] 1. To impede the motion or action of, as with a burden; to retard with something superfluous; to weigh down; to obstruct or embarrass; as, his movements were encumbered by his mantle; his mind is encumbered with useless learning. Not encumbered with any notable inconvenience. Hooker. 2. To load with debts, or other legal claims; as, to encumber an estate with mortgages. Syn. -- To load; clog; oppress; overload; embarrass; perplex; hinder; retard; obstruct; check; block. Encumberment En*cum"ber*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. encombrement.] Encumbrance. [R.] Encumbrance En*cum"brance (?), n. [Cf. OF. encombrance. Cf. Incumbrance.] 1. That which encumbers; a burden which impedes action, or renders it difficult and laborious; a clog; an impediment. See Incumbrance. 2. (Law) Same as Incumbrance. Syn. -- Burden; clog; impediment; check; hindrance. Encumbrancer En*cum"bran*cer (?), n. (Law) Same as Incumbrancer. Encurtain En*cur"tain (?), v. t. To inclose with curtains. -ency -en*cy (?). [L. -entia.] A noun suffix having much the same meaning as -ence, but more commonly signifying the quality or state; as, emergency, efficiency. See -ancy. Encyclic, Encyclical En*cyc"lic (?), En*cyc"li*cal (?), a. [L. encyclios of a circle, general, Gr. encyclique. See Cycle.] Sent to many persons or places; intended for many, or for a whole order of men; general; circular; as, an encyclical letter of a council, of a bishop, or the pope. Encyclic, Encyclical En*cyc"lic, En*cyc"li*cal, n. An encyclical letter, esp. one from a pope. Shipley. Encyclopedia, Encyclop\'91dia En*cy`clo*pe"di*a, En*cy`clo*p\'91"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. encyclop\'82die. See Cyclopedia, and Encyclical.] [Formerly written encyclop\'91dy and encyclopedy.] The circle of arts and sciences; a comprehensive summary of knowledge, or of a branch of knowledge; esp., a work in which the various branches of science or art are discussed separately, and usually in alphabetical order; a cyclopedia. Encyclopediacal En*cy`clo*pe*di"a*cal (?), a. Encyclopedic. Encyclopedian En*cy`clo*pe"di*an (?), a. Embracing the whole circle of learning, or a wide range of subjects. Encyclopedic, Encyclopedical En*cy`clo*ped"ic (?), En*cy`clo*ped"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. encyclop\'82dique.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, an encyclopedia; embracing a wide range of subjects. Encyclopedism En*cy`clo*pe"dism (?), n. The art of writing or compiling encyclopedias; also, possession of the whole range of knowledge; encyclopedic learning. Encyclopedist En*cy`clo*pe"dist (?), n. [Cf. F. encyclop\'82diste.] The compiler of an encyclopedia, or one who assists in such compilation; also, one whose knowledge embraces the whole range of the sciences. The Encyclopedists, the writers of the great French encyclopedia which appeared in 1751-1772. The editors were Diderot and D'Alembert. Among the contributors were Voltaire and Rousseau. Encyst En*cyst" (?), v. t. To inclose in a cyst. Encystation En`cys*ta"tion (?), n. Encystment. Encysted En*cyst"ed (?), a. Inclosed in a cyst, or a sac, bladder, or vesicle; as, an encysted tumor. The encysted venom, or poison bag, beneath the adder's fang. Coleridge. Encystment En*cyst"ment (?), n. 1. (Biol.) A process which, among some of the lower forms of life, precedes reproduction by budding, fission, spore formation, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th e animal (a) first contracts its body to a globular mass (b) and then secretes a transparent cyst (c), after which the mass divides into two or more parts (as in d e), each of which attains freedom by the bursting of the cyst, and becomes an individual animal. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A process by which many internal parasites, esp. in their larval states, become inclosed within a cyst in the muscles, liver, etc. See Trichina. End End (?), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. \'84nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. Ante-, Anti-, Answer.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of any material thing considered lengthwise (the extremity of breadth being side); hence, extremity, in general; the concluding part; termination; close; limit; as, the end of a field, line, pole, road; the end of a year, of a discourse; put an end to pain; -- opposed to beginning, when used of anything having a first part. Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof. Eccl. vii. 8. 2. Point beyond which no procession can be made; conclusion; issue; result, whether successful or otherwise; conclusive event; consequence. My guilt be on my head, and there an end. Shak. O that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come! Shak. 3. Termination of being; death; destruction; extermination; also, cause of death or destruction. Unblamed through life, lamented in thy end. Pope. Confound your hidden falsehood, and award Either of you to be the other's end. Shak. I shall see an end of him. Shak. 4. The object aimed at in any effort considered as the close and effect of exertion; ppurpose; intention; aim; as, to labor for private or public ends. Losing her, the end of living lose. Dryden. When every man is his own end, all things will come to a bad end. Coleridge. 5. That which is left; a remnant; a fragment; a scrap; as, odds and ends. I clothe my naked villainy With old odd ends stolen out of holy writ, And seem a saint, when most I play the devil. Shak. 6. (Carpet Manuf.) One of the yarns of the worsted warp in a Brussels carpet. _________________________________________________________________ Page 490 An end. (a) On end; upright; erect; endways. Spenser (b) To the end; continuously. [Obs.] Richardson. -- End bulb (Anat.), one of the bulblike bodies in which some sensory nerve fibers end in certain parts of the skin and mucous membranes; -- also called end corpuscles. -- End fly, a bobfly. -- End for end, one end for the other; in reversed order. -- End man, the last man in a row; one of the two men at the extremities of a line of minstrels. -- End on (Naut.), bow foremost. -- End organ (Anat.), the structure in which a nerve fiber ends, either peripherally or centrally. -- End plate (Anat.), one of the flat expansions in which motor nerve fibers terminate on muscular fibers. -- End play (Mach.), movement endwise, or room for such movement. -- End stone (Horol.), one of the two plates of a jewel in a timepiece; the part that limits the pivot's end play. -- Ends of the earth, the remotest regions of the earth. -- In the end, finally. Shak. -- On end, upright; erect. -- To the end, in order. Bacon. -- To make both ends meet, to live within one's income. Fuller. -- To put an end to, to destroy. End End (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ended; p. pr. & vb. n. Ending.] 1. To bring to an end or conclusion; to finish; to close; to terminate; as, to end a speech. "I shall end this strife." Shak. On the seventh day God ended his work. Gen. ii. 2. 2. To form or be at the end of; as, the letter k ends the word back. 3. To destroy; to put to death. "This sword hath ended him." Shak. To end up, to lift or tilt, so as to set on end; as, to end up a hogshead. End End, v. i. To come to the ultimate point; to be finished; to come to a close; to cease; to terminate; as, a voyage ends; life ends; winter ends. Endable End"a*ble (?), a. That may be ended; terminable. Endall End"*all` (?), n. Complete termination. [R.] That but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all here. Shak. Endamage En*dam"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endamaged (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Endamaging (?).] [Pref. en- + damage: cf. F. endommager.] To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure. [R.] The trial hath endamaged thee no way. Milton. Endamageable En*dam"age*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being damaged, or injured; damageable. [Obs.] Endamagement En*dam"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endommagement.] Damage; injury; harm. [Obs.] Shak. Endamnify En*dam"ni*fy (?), v. t. To damnify; to injure. [R.] Sandys. Endanger En*dan"ger (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endangered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endangering.] 1. To put to hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose to loss or injury; as, to endanger life or peace. All the other difficulties of his reign only exercised without endangering him. Burke. 2. To incur the hazard of; to risk. [Obs.] He that turneth the humors back . . . endangereth malign ulcers. Bacon. Endangerment En*dan"ger*ment (?), n. Hazard; peril. Milton. Endark En*dark" (?), v. t. To darken. [Obs.] Feltham. Endaspidean En`das*pid"e*an (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the anterior scutes extending around the tarsus on the inner side; -- said of certain birds. Endazzle En*daz"zle (?), v. t. To dazzle. [Obs.] "Endazzled eyes." Milton. Endear En*dear" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endearing.] 1. To make dear or beloved. "To be endeared to a king." Shak. 2. To raise the price or cost of; to make costly or expensive. [R.] King James I. (1618). Endearedly En*dear"ed*ly (?), adv. With affection or endearment; dearly. Endearedness En*dear"ed*ness, n. State of being endeared. Endearing En*dear"ing, a. Making dear or beloved; causing love. -- En*dear"ing*ly, adv. Endearment En*dear"ment (?), n. The act of endearing or the state of being endeared; also, that which manifests, excites, or increases, affection. "The great endearments of prudent and temperate speech." Jer. Taylor. Her first endearments twining round the soul. Thomson. Endeavor En*deav"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeavored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endeavoring.] [OE. endevor; pref. en- + dever, devoir, duty, F. devoir: cf. F. se mettre en devoir de faire quelque chose to try to do a thing, to go about it. See Devoir, Debt.] [Written also endeavour.] To exert physical or intellectual strength for the attainment of; to use efforts to effect; to strive to achieve or reach; to try; to attempt. It is our duty to endeavor the recovery of these beneficial subjects. Ld. Chatham. To endeavor one's self, to exert one's self strenuously to the fulfillment of a duty. [Obs.] "A just man that endeavoreth himself to leave all wickedness." Latimer. Endeavor En*deav"or, v. i. To exert one's self; to work for a certain end. And such were praised who but endeavored well. Pope. NOTE: Usually wi th an in finitive; as, to endeavor to outstrip an antagonist. He had . . . endeavored earnestly to do his duty. Prescott. Syn. -- To attempt; try; strive; struggle; essay; aim; seek. Endeavor En*deav"or, n. [Written also endeavour.] An exertion of physical or intellectual strength toward the attainment of an object; a systematic or continuous attempt; an effort; a trial. To employ all my endeavor to obey you. Sir P. Sidney. To do one's endeavor, to do one's duty; to put forth strenuous efforts to attain an object; -- a phrase derived from the Middle English phrase "to do one's dever" (duty). "Mr. Prynne proceeded to show he had done endeavor to prepare his answer." Fuller. Syn. -- Essay; trial; effort; exertion. See Attempt. Endeavorer En*deav"or*er (?), n. One who makes an effort or attempt. [Written also endeavourer.] Endeavorment En*deav"or*ment (?), n. Act of endeavoring; endeavor. [Obs.] Spenser. Endecagon En*dec"a*gon (?), n. [See Hendecagon.] (Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and angles. Endecagynous En`de*cag"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having eleven pistils; as, an endecagynous flower. Endecane En"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, C11H24, found as a constituent of petroleum. [Written also hendecane.] Endecaphyllous En`de*caph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Composed of eleven leaflets; -- said of a leaf. Endeictic En*deic"tic (?), a. [Gr. Serving to show or exhibit; as, an endeictic dialogue, in the Platonic philosophy, is one which exhibits a specimen of skill. Enfield. Endeixis En*deix"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Endeictic.] (Med.) An indication. Endemial En*de"mi*al (?), a. Endemic. [R.] Endemic, Endemical En*de"mic (?), En*de"mic*al (?), a. [Gr. end\'82mique.] (Med.) Peculiar to a district or particular locality, or class of persons; as, an endemic disease. NOTE: &hand; An endemic disease is one which is constantly present to a greater or less degree in any place, as distinguished from an epidemic disease, which prevails widely at some one time, or periodically, and from a sporadic disease, of which a few instances occur now and then. Endemic En*dem"ic, n. (Med.) An endemic disease. Fear, which is an endemic latent in every human heart, sometimes rises into an epidemic. J. B. Heard. Endemically En*dem"ic*al*ly, adv. In an endemic manner. Endemiology En*dem`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. The science which treats of endemic affections. Endenization En*den`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of naturalizing. [R.] Endenize En*den"ize (?), v. t. To endenizen. [Obs.] Endenizen En*den"i*zen (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + denizen. Cf. Indenizen.] To admit to the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ender End"er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes an end of something; as, the ender of my life. Endermatic En`der*mat"ic (?), a. Endermic. Endermic En*der"mic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Acting through the skin, or by direct application to the skin. Endermic method, that in which the medicine enters the system through the skin, being applied either to the sound skin, or to the surface denuded of the cuticle by a blister. Endermically En*der"mic*al*ly (?), adv. By the endermic method; as, applied endermically. Enderon En"de*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The deep sensitive and vascular layer of the skin and mucous membranes. -- En`de*ron"ic, a. Endiademed En*di"a*demed (?), a. Diademed. [R.] Endiaper En*di"a*per (?), v. t. [See Diaper.] To decorate with a diaper pattern. Endict En*dict" (?), v. t. See Indict. Endictment En*dict"ment (?), n. See Indictment. Ending End"ing (?), n. 1. Termination; concluding part; result; conclusion; destruction; death. 2. (Gram.) The final syllable or letter of a word; the part joined to the stem. See 3d Case, 5. Ending day, day of death. Chaucer. Endite En*dite (?), v. t. See Indite. Spenser. Endive En"dive (?), n. [F. endive (cf. Pr., Sp. Pg., & It. endivia), fr. a deriv. of L. intibus, intybus, endive.] (Bot.) A composite herb (Cichorium Endivia). Its finely divided and much curled leaves, when blanched, are used for salad. Wild endive (Bot.), chicory or succory. Endless End"less (?), a. [AS. endele\'a0s. See End.] 1. Without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual; interminable; -- applied to length, and to duration; as, an endless line; endless time; endless bliss; endless praise; endless clamor. 2. Infinite; excessive; unlimited. Shak. 3. Without profitable end; fruitless; unsatisfying. [R.] "All loves are endless." Beau. & Fl. 4. Void of design; objectless; as, an endless pursuit. Endless chain, a chain which is made continuous by uniting its two ends. -- Endless screw. (Mech.) See under Screw. Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; interminable; infinite; unlimited; incessant; perpetual; uninterrupted; continual; unceasing; unending; boundless; undying; imperishable. Endlessly End"less*ly, adv. In an endless manner. Endlessness End"less*ness, n. [AS. endele\'a0snys.] The quality of being endless; perpetuity. Endlong End"long` (?; 115), adv. & prep. [Cf. Along.] Lengthwise; along. [Archaic] The doors were all of adamants eterne, I-clenched overthwart and endelong With iron tough. Chaucer. He pricketh endelong the large space. Chaucer. To thrust the raft endlong across the moat. Sir W. Scott. Endmost End"most` (?), a. Farthest; remotest; at the very end. Tylor. Endo-, End- En"do- (?), End- (?). [Gr. In.] A combining form signifying within; as, endocarp, endogen, endocuneiform, endaspidean. Endoblast En"do*blast (?), n. [Endo- + -blast.] (Biol.) Entoblast; endoplast. See Nucleus, Endoblastic En`do*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to the endoblast; as, the endoblastic layer. Endocardiac, Endocardial En`do*car"di*ac (?), En`do*car"di*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the endocardium. 2. (Med.) Seated or generated within the heart; as, endocardial murmurs. Endocarditis En`do*car*di"tis (?), n. [NL. See -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the endocardium. Endocardium En`do*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The membrane lining the cavities of the heart. Endocarp En"do*carp (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. endocarpe.] (Bot.) The inner layer of a ripened or fructified ovary. Endochondral En`do*chon"dral (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. (Physiol.) Growing or developing within cartilage; -- applied esp. to developing bone. Endochrome En"do*chrome (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.) The coloring matter within the cells of plants, whether green, red, yellow, or any other color. Endoctrine En*doc"trine (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + doctrine.] To teach; to indoctrinate. [Obs.] Donne. Endocyst En"do*cyst (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The inner layer of the cells of Bryozoa. Endoderm En"do*derm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal. (b) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of Ectoderm. Endodermal, Endodermic En`do*der"mal (?), En`do*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the endoderm. Endodermis En`do*der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Endoderm.] (Bot.) A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the proper cortical layer, or surrounding an individual fibrovascular bundle. Endogamous En*dog"a*mous (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. Marrying within the same tribe; -- opposed to exogamous. Endogamy En*dog"a*my (?), n. Marriage only within the tribe; a custom restricting a man in his choice of a wife to the tribe to which he belongs; -- opposed to exogamy. Endogen En"do*gen (?), n. [Endo- + -gen: cf. F. endog\'8ane.] (Bot.) A plant which increases in size by internal growth and elongation at the summit, having the wood in the form of bundles or threads, irregularly distributed throughout the whole diameter, not forming annual layers, and with no distinct pith. The leaves of the endogens have, usually, parallel veins, their flowers are mostly in three, or some multiple of three, parts, and their embryos have but a single cotyledon, with the first leaves alternate. The endogens constitute one of the great primary classes of plants, and included all palms, true lilies, grasses, rushes, orchids, the banana, pineapple, etc. See Exogen. Endogenesis En`do*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Endo- + genesis.] (Biol.) Endogeny. Endogenetic En`do*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Endogenous. Endogenous En*dog"e*nous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Increasing by internal growth and elongation at the summit, instead of externally, and having no distinction of pith, wood, and bark, as the rattan, the palm, the cornstalk. 2. (Biol.) Originating from within; increasing by internal growth. Endogenous multiplication (Biol.), a method of cell formation, seen in cells having a cell wall. The nucleus and protoplasm divide into two distinct masses; these in turn become divided and subdivided, each division becoming a new cell, until finally the original cell wall is ruptured and the new cells are liberated (see Segmentation, and Illust. of Cell Division, under Division). This mode of growth is characteristic of many forms of cells, both animal and vegetable. Endogenously En*dog"e*nous*ly, adv. By endogenous growth. Endogeny En*dog"e*ny (?), n. [See Endogenesis.] (Biol.) Growth from within; multiplication of cells by endogenous division, as in the development of one or more cells in the interior of a parent cell. Endognath En"dog*nath (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The inner or principal branch of the oral appendages of Crustacea. See Maxilla. Endognathal En*dog"na*thal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the endognath. Endolymph En"do*lymph (?), n. [Endo- + lymph: cf. F. endolymphe.] (Anat.) The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear. Endolymphangial En"do*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. [Endo- + lymphangial.] (Anat.) Within a lymphatic vessel. Endolymphatic En"do*lym*phat"ic (?), a. [Endo- + lymphatic.] (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing, endolymph; as, the endolymphatic duct. (b) Within a lymphatic vessel; endolymphangial. Endome En*dome" (?), v. t. To cover as with a dome. Endometritis En`do*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Endometrium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the endometrium. Endometrium En`do*me"tri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus, or womb. Endomorph En"do*morph (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Min.) A crystal of one species inclosed within one of another, as one of rutile inclosed in quartz. Endomysium En`do*my"si*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The delicate bands of connective tissue interspersed among muscular fibers. Endoneurium En`do*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The delicate bands of connective tissue among nerve fibers. Endoparasite En`do*par"a*site (?), n. [Endo- + parasite.] (Zo\'94l.) Any parasite which lives in the internal organs of an animal, as the tapeworms, Trichina, etc.; -- opposed to ectoparasite. See Entozo\'94n. -- En`do*par`a*sit"ic (#), a. _________________________________________________________________ Page 491 Endophl En`do*phl (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The inner layer of the bark of trees. Endophragma En`do*phrag"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A chitinous structure above the nervous cord in the thorax of certain Crustacea. Endophragmal En`do*phrag"mal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the endophragma. Endophyllous En*doph"yl*lous (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.) Wrapped up within a leaf or sheath. Endoplasm En"do*plasm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.) The protoplasm in the interior of a cell. Endoplasma En`do*plas"ma (?), n. [NL. See Endoplasm.] (Biol.) Same as Entoplasm and Endosarc. Endoplast En"do*plast (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.) See Nucleus. Endoplastica En`do*plas"ti*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Rhizopoda having a distinct nucleus, as the am Endoplastule En`do*plas"tule (?; 135), n. [A dim. fr. endo- + Gr. (Biol.) See Nucleolus. Endopleura En`do*pleu"ra, n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pleura.] (Bot.) The inner coating of a seed. See Tegmen. Endopleurite En`do*pleu"rite (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The portion of each apodeme developed from the interepimeral membrane in certain crustaceans. Endopodite En*dop"o*dite (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The internal or principal branch of the locomotive appendages of Crustacea. See Maxilliped. Endorhiza En`do*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. Endorhiz\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) Any monocotyledonous plant; -- so named because many monocotyledons have an endorhizal embryo. NOTE: &hand; En dorhiza was proposed by Richard as a substitute for the term endogen, and exorhiza as a substitute for the term exogen; but they have not been generally adopted. Endorhizal, Endorhizous En`do*rhi"zal (?), En`do*rhi"zous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the embryo sheathed by the cotyledon, through which the embryo bursts in germination, as in many monocotyledonous plants. Endorse En*dorse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endorsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endorsing.] [Formerly endosse, fr. F. endosser to put on the back, to endorse; pref. en- (L. in) + dos back, L. dorsum. See Dorsal, and cf. Indorse.] Same as Indorse. NOTE: &hand; Both endorse and indorse are used by good writers; but the tendency is to the more general use of indorse and its derivatives indorsee, indorser, and indorsement. Endorse En*dorse", n. (Her.) A subordinary, resembling the pale, but of one fourth its width (according to some writers, one eighth). Endorsee En`dor*see" (?), n. Same as Indorsee. Endorsement En*dorse"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endossement.] Same as Indorsement. Endorser En*dors"er (?), n. Same as Indorser. Endosarc En"do*sarc (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.) The semifluid, granular interior of certain unicellular organisms, as the inner layer of sarcode in the am\'d2ba; entoplasm; endoplasta. Endoscope En"do*scope (?), n. [Endo- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for examining the interior of the rectum, the urethra, and the bladder. Endoscopy En*dos"co*py (?), n. (Med.) The art or process of examining by means of the endoscope. Endoskeletal En`do*skel"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the endoskeleton; as, endoskeletal muscles. Endoskeleton En`do*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Endo- + skeleton.] (Anat.) The bony, cartilaginous, or other internal framework of an animal, as distinguished from the exoskeleton. Endosmometer En`dos*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Endosmose + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the force or amount of endosmotic action. Endosmometric En*dos`mo*met"ric (?), a. Pertaining to, or designed for, the measurement of endosmotic action. Endosmose, Endosmosis En"dos*mose` (?), En`dos*mo"sis (?), n. [NL. endosmosis, fr. Gr. endosmose.] (Physics) The transmission of a fluid or gas from without inward in the phenomena, or by the process, of osmose. Endosmosmic En`dos*mos"mic (?), a. Endosmotic. Endosmotic En`dos*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to endosmose; of the nature endosmose; osmotic. Carpenter. Endosperm En"do*sperm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.) The albumen of a seed; -- limited by recent writers to that formed within the embryo sac. Endospermic En`do*sper"mic (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to, accompanied by, or containing, endosperm. Endospore En"do*spore (?), n. [Endo- + spore.] (Bot.) The thin inner coat of certain spores. Endosporous En`do*spor"ous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the spores contained in a case; -- applied to fungi. Endoss En*doss" (?; 115), v. t. [F. endosser. See Endorse.] To put upon the back or outside of anything; -- the older spelling of endorse. [Obs.] Spenser. Endosteal En*dos"te*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to endostosis; as, endosteal ossification. Endosternite En`do*ster"nite (?), n. [Endo- + sternum.] (Zo\'94l.) The part of each apodeme derived from the intersternal membrane in Crustacea and insects. Endosteum En*dos"te*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The layer of vascular connective tissue lining the medullary cavities of bone. Endostoma En*dos"to*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A plate which supports the labrum in certain Crustacea. Endostome En"do*stome (?), n. [See Endostoma.] 1. (Bot.) The foramen or passage through the inner integument of an ovule. 2. (Zo\'94l.) And endostoma. Endostosis En`dos*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Endo-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place within the substance of the cartilage. Endostyle En"do*style (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A fold of the endoderm, which projects into the blood cavity of ascidians. See Tunicata. Endotheca En`do*the"ca (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The tissue which partially fills the interior of the interseptal chambers of most madreporarian corals. It usually consists of a series of oblique tranverse septa, one above another. -- En`do*the"cal (#), a. Endothecium En`do*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL. See Endotheca.] (Bot.) The inner lining of an another cell. Endothelial En`do*the"li*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of, or relating to, endothelium. Endothelium En`do*the"li*um (?), n.; pl. Endothelia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The thin epithelium lining the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities. See Epithelium. Endotheloid En`do*the"loid (?), a. [Endothelium + -oid.] (Anat.) Like endothelium. Endothorax En`do*tho"rax (?), n. [Endo- + thorax.] (Zo\'94l.) An internal process of the sternal plates in the thorax of insects. Endow En*dow" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endowing.] [OF. endouer; pref. en- (L. in) + F. douer to endow, L. dotare. See Dower, and cf. 2d Endue.] 1. To furnish with money or its equivalent, as a permanent fund for support; to make pecuniary provision for; to settle an income upon; especially, to furnish with dower; as, to endow a wife; to endow a public institution. Endowing hospitals and almshouses. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. To enrich or furnish with anything of the nature of a gift (as a quality or faculty); -- followed by with, rarely by of; as, man is endowed by his Maker with reason; to endow with privileges or benefits. Endower En*dow"er (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. endouairer. See Dower, Endow.] To endow. [Obs.] Waterhouse. Endower En*dow"er, n. One who endows. Endowment En*dow"ment (?), n. 1. The act of bestowing a dower, fund, or permanent provision for support. 2. That which is bestowed or settled on a person or an institution; property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated to any object; as, the endowment of a church, a hospital, or a college. 3. That which is given or bestowed upon the person or mind; gift of nature; accomplishment; natural capacity; talents; -- usually in the plural. His early endowments had fitted him for the work he was to do. I. Taylor. Endozoa En`do*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Entozoa. Endrudge En*drudge" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + drudge.] To make a drudge or slave of. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Endue En*due" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enduing.] [L. induere, prob. confused with E. endow. See Indue.] To invest. Latham. Tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high. Luke xxiv. 49. Endue them . . . with heavenly gifts. Book of Common Prayer. Endue En*due", v. t. An older spelling of Endow. Tillotson. Enduement En*due"ment (?), n. Act of enduing; induement. Endurable En*dur"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. endurable. See Endure.] Capable of being endured or borne; sufferable. Macaulay. -- En*dur"a*ble*ness, n. Endurably En*dur"a*bly, adv. In an endurable manner. Endurance En*dur"ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. endurance. See Endure.] 1. A state or quality of lasting or duration; lastingness; continuance. Slurring with an evasive answer the question concerning the endurance of his own possession. Sir W. Scott. 2. The act of bearing or suffering; a continuing under pain or distress without resistance, or without being overcome; sufferance; patience. Their fortitude was most admirable in their patience and endurance of all evils, of pain and of death. Sir W. Temple. Syn. -- Suffering; patience; fortitude; resignation. Endurant En*dur"ant (?), a. Capable of enduring fatigue, pain, hunger, etc. The ibex is a remarkably endurant animal. J. G. Wood. Endure En*dure" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Endured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enduring (?).] [F. endurer; pref. en- (L. in) + durer to last. See Dure, v. i., and cf. Indurate.] 1. To continue in the same state without perishing; to last; to remain. Their verdure still endure. Shak. He shall hold it [his house] fast, but it shall not endure. Job viii. 15. 2. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out. Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong in the days that I shall deal with thee? Ezek. xxii. 14. Endure En*dure", v. t. 1. To remain firm under; to sustain; to undergo; to support without breaking or yielding; as, metals endure a certain degree of heat without melting; to endure wind and weather. Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure, As might the strokes of two such arms endure. Dryden. 2. To bear with patience; to suffer without opposition or without sinking under the pressure or affliction; to bear up under; to put up with; to tolerate. I will no longer endure it. Shak. Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sake. 2 Tim. ii. 10. How can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people? Esther viii. 6. 3. To harden; to toughen; to make hardy. [Obs.] Manly limbs endured with little ease. Spenser. Syn. -- To last; remain; continue; abide; brook; submit to; suffer. Endurement En*dure"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. endurement.] Endurance. [Obs.] South. Endurer En*dur"er (?), n. One who, or that which, endures or lasts; one who bears, suffers, or sustains. Enduring En*dur"ing, a. Lasting; durable; long-suffering; as, an enduring disposition. "A better and enduring substance." Heb. x. 34. -- En*dur"ing*ly, adv. T. Arnold. -- En*dur"ing*ness, n. Endways, Endwise End"ways` (?), End"wise (?), adv. 1. On end; erectly; in an upright position. 2. With the end forward. Endyma En"dy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) See Ependyma. Endysis En"dy*sis (?), n.; pl. Endyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The act of developing a new coat of hair, a new set of feathers, scales, etc.; -- opposed to ecdysis. Enecate En"e*cate (?), v. t. [L. enecatus, p. p. of enecare; e out, utterly + necare to kill.] To kill off; to destroy. [Obs.] Harvey. Eneid E*ne"id (?), n. Same as \'92neid. Enema En"e*ma (?), n.; pl. L. Enemata (#). [L. enema, Gr. (Med.) An injection, or clyster, thrown into the rectum as a medicine, or to impart nourishment. Hoblyn. Enemy En"e*my (?), n.; pl. Enemies (#). [OF. enemi, F. ennemi, from L. inimicus; in- (negative) + amicus friend. See Amicable.] One hostile to another; one who hates, and desires or attempts the injury of, another; a foe; an adversary; as, an enemy of or to a person; an enemy to truth, or to falsehood. To all good he enemy was still. Spenser. I say unto you, Love your enemies. Matt. v. 44. The enemy (Mil.), the hostile force. In this sense it is construed with the verb and pronoun either in the singular or the plural, but more commonly in the singular; as, we have met the enemy and he is ours or they are ours. It was difficult in such a country to track the enemy. It was impossible to drive him to bay. Macaulay. Syn. -- Foe; antagonist; opponent. See Adversary. Enemy En"e*my, a. Hostile; inimical. [Obs.] They . . . every day grow more enemy to God. Jer. Taylor. Enepidermic En*ep`i*der"mic (?), a. [Pref. en- (Gr. epidermic.] (Med.) Applied to the skin without friction; -- said of medicines. Energetic, Energetical En`er*get"ic (?), En`er*get"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Energy.] 1. Having energy or energies; possessing a capacity for vigorous action or for exerting force; active. "A Being eternally energetic." Grew. 2. Exhibiting energy; operating with force, vigor, and effect; forcible; powerful; efficacious; as, energetic measures; energetic laws. Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; efficacious; potent; vigorous; effective; strenuous. -- En`er*get"ic*al*ly, adv. -- En`er*get"ic*al*ness, n. Energetics En`er*get"ics (?), n. That branch of science which treats of the laws governing the physical or mechanical, in distinction from the vital, forces, and which comprehends the consideration and general investigation of the whole range of the forces concerned in physical phenomena. [R.] Energic, Energical En*er"gic (?), En*er"gic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82nergique.] 1. In a state of action; acting; operating. 2. Having energy or great power; energetic. The energic faculty that we call will. Blackw. Mag. Energize En"er*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Energized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Energizing (?).] [From Energy.] To use strength in action; to act or operate with force or vigor; to act in producing an effect. Of all men it is true that they feel and energize first, they reflect and judge afterwards. J. C. Shairp. Energize En"er*gize, v. t. To give strength or force to; to make active; to alacrify; as, to energize the will. Energizer En"er*gi`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, gives energy, or acts in producing an effect. Energizing En"er*gi`zing (?), a. Capable of imparting or exercising energy. Those nobler exercises of energizing love. Bp. Horsley. Energumen En`er*gu"men (?), n. [L. energumenos, fr. Gr. \'82nergum\'8ane. See Energetic.] (Eccl. Antiq.) One possessed by an evil spirit; a demoniac. Energy En"er*gy (?), n.; pl. Energies (#). [F. \'82nergie, LL. energia, fr. Gr.In, and Work.] 1. Internal or inherent power; capacity of acting, operating, or producing an effect, whether exerted or not; as, men possessing energies may suffer them to lie inactive. The great energies of nature are known to us only by their effects. Paley. 2. Power efficiently and forcibly exerted; vigorous or effectual operation; as, the energy of a magistrate. 3. Strength of expression; force of utterance; power to impress the mind and arouse the feelings; life; spirit; -- said of speech, language, words, style; as, a style full of energy. 4. (Physics) Capacity for performing work. NOTE: &hand; Th e ki netic energy of a body is the energy it has in virtue of being in motion. It is measured by one half of the product of the mass of each element of the body multiplied by the square of the velocity of the element, relative to some given body or point. The available kinetic energy of a material system unconnected with any other system is that energy which is due to the motions of the parts of the system relative to its center of mass. The potential energy of a body or system is that energy which is not kinetic; -- energy due to configuration. Kinetic energy is sometimes called actual energy. Kinetic energy is exemplified in the vis viva of moving bodies, in heat, electric currents, etc.; potential energy, in a bent spring, or a body suspended a given distance above the earth and acted on by gravity. _________________________________________________________________ Page 492 Accumulation, Conservation, Correlation, AND Degradation of energy, etc. (Physics) See under Accumulation, Conservation, Correlation, etc. Syn. -- Force; power; potency; vigor; strength; spirit; efficiency; resolution. Enervate E*ner"vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enervated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enervating.] [L. enervatus, p. p. of enervare, fr. enervis nerveless, weak; e out + nervus nerve. See Nerve.] To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or courage; to render feeble or impotent; to make effeminate; to impair the moral powers of. A man . . . enervated by licentiousness. Macaulay. And rhyme began t' enervate poetry. Dryden. Syn. -- To weaken; enfeeble; unnerve; debilitate. Enervate E*ner"vate (?), a. [L. enervatus, p. p.] Weakened; weak; without strength of force. Pope. Enervation En`er*va"tion (?), n. [L. enervatio: cf. F. \'82nervation.] 1. The act of weakening, or reducing strength. 2. The state of being weakened; effeminacy. Bacon. Enervative E*ner"va*tive (?), a. Having power, or a tendency, to enervate; weakening. [R.] Enerve E*nerve" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. \'82nerver. See Enervate.] To weaken; to enervate. [Obs.] Milton. Enervous E*nerv"ous (?), a. [L. enervis, enervus.] Lacking nerve or force; enervated. [R.] Enfamish En*fam"ish (?), v. t. To famish; to starve. Enfect En*fect" (?), a. [See Infect, a.] Contaminated with illegality. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enfeeble En*fee"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfeebled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfeebling (?).] [OF. enfeblir, enfeiblir; pref. en- (L. in) + feble, F. faible, feeble. See Feeble.] To make feeble; to deprive of strength; to reduce the strength or force of; to weaken; to debilitate. Enfeebled by scanty subsistence and excessive toil. Prescott. Syn. -- To weaken; debilitate; enervate. Enfeeblement En*fee"ble*ment (?), n. The act of weakening; enervation; weakness. Enfeebler En*fee"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, weakens or makes feeble. Enfeeblish En*fee"blish, v. i. To enfeeble. [Obs.] Holland. Enfeloned En*fel"oned (?), a. [Pref. en- + felon: cf. OF. enfelonner.] Rendered fierce or frantic. [Obs.] "Like one enfeloned or distraught." Spenser. Enfeoff En*feoff" (?; see Feoff, 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfeoffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfeoffing.] [Pref. en- + feoff, fief: cf. LL. infeofare, OF. enfeffer, enfeofer.] 1. (Law) To give a feud, or right in land, to; to invest with a fief or fee; to invest (any one) with a freehold estate by the process of feoffment. Mozley & W. 2. To give in vassalage; to make subservient. [Obs.] [The king] enfeoffed himself to popularity. Shak. Enfeoffment En*feoff"ment (?), n. (Law) (a) The act of enfeoffing. (b) The instrument or deed by which one is invested with the fee of an estate. Enfester En*fes"ter (?), v. t. To fester. [Obs.] "Enfestered sores." Davies (Holy Roode). Enfetter En*fet"ter (?), v. t. To bind in fetters; to enchain. "Enfettered to her love." Shak. Enfever En*fe"ver (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + fever: cf. F. enfi\'82vrer.] To excite fever in. [R.] A. Seward. Enfierce En*fierce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfiercing (?).] To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser. Enfilade En`fi*lade" (?; 277), n. [F., fr. enfiler to thread, go trough a street or square, rake with shot; pref. en- (L. in) + fil thread. See File a row.] 1. A line or straight passage, or the position of that which lies in a straight line. [R.] 2. (Mil.) A firing in the direction of the length of a trench, or a line of parapet or troops, etc.; a raking fire. Enfilade En`fi*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfiladed; p. pr. & vb. n. Enfilading.] (Mil.) To pierce, scour, or rake with shot in the direction of the length of, as a work, or a line of troops. Campbell. Enfiled En*filed" (?), p. a. [F. enfiler to pierce, thread.] (Her.) Having some object, as the head of a man or beast, impaled upon it; as, a sword which is said to be "enfiled of" the thing which it pierces. Enfire En*fire" (?), v. t. To set on fire. [Obs.] Spenser. Enflesh En*flesh" (?), v. t. To clothe with flesh. [Obs.] Vices which are . . . enfleshed in him. Florio. Enflower En*flow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enflowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enflowering.] To cover or deck with flowers. [Poetic] These odorous and enflowered fields. B. Jonson. Enfold En*fold" (?), v. t. To infold. See Infold. Enfoldment En*fold"ment (?), n. The act of infolding. See Infoldment. Enforce En*force" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enforced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enforcing (?).] [OF. enforcier to strengthen, force, F. enforcir; pref. en- (L. in) + F. force. See Force.] 1. To put force upon; to force; to constrain; to compel; as, to enforce obedience to commands. Inward joy enforced my heart to smile. Shak. 2. To make or gain by force; to obtain by force; as, to enforce a passage. "Enforcing furious way." Spenser. 3. To put in motion or action by violence; to drive. As swift as stones Enforced from the old Assyrian slings. Shak. 4. To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge with energy; as, to enforce arguments or requests. Enforcing sentiment of the thrust humanity. Burke. 5. To put in force; to cause to take effect; to give effect to; to execute with vigor; as, to enforce the laws. 6. To urge; to ply hard; to lay much stress upon. Enforce him with his envy to the people. Shak. Enforce En*force (?), v. i. 1. To attempt by force. [Obs.] 2. To prove; to evince. [R.] Hooker. 3. To strengthen; to grow strong. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enforce En*force", n. Force; strength; power. [Obs.] A petty enterprise of small enforce. Milton. Enforceable En*force"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enforced. Enforced En*forced" (?), a. Compelled; forced; not voluntary. "Enforced wrong." "Enforced smiles." Shak. -- En*for"ced*ly, adv. Shak. Enforcement En*force"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. enforcement.] 1. The act of enforcing; compulsion. He that contendeth against these enforcements may easily master or resist them. Sir W. Raleigh. Confess 't was hers, and by what rough enforcement You got it from her. Shak. 2. A giving force to; a putting in execution. Enforcement of strict military discipline. Palfrey. 3. That which enforces, constraints, gives force, authority, or effect to; constraint; force applied. The rewards and punishment of another life, which the Almighty has established as the enforcements of his law. Locke. Enforcer En*for"cer (?), n. One who enforces. Enforcible En*for"ci*ble (?), a. That may be enforced. Enforcive En*for"cive (?), a. Serving to enforce or constrain; compulsive. Marsion. -- En*for"cive*ly, adv. Enforest En*for"est (?), v. t. To turn into a forest. Enform En*form" (?), v. t. [F. enformer. See Inform.] To form; to fashion. [Obs.] Spenser. Enfouldred En*foul"dred (?), a. [Pref. en- + OF. fouldre, foldre, lightning, F. foudre, L. fulgur.] Mixed with, or emitting, lightning. [Obs.] "With foul enfouldred smoke." Spenser. Enframe En*frame" (?), v. t. To inclose, as in a frame. Enfranchise En*fran"chise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfranchised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfranchising (?).] [Pref. en- + franchise: cf. F. enfranchir.] 1. To set free; to liberate from slavery, prison, or any binding power. Bacon. 2. To endow with a franchise; to incorporate into a body politic and thus to invest with civil and political privileges; to admit to the privileges of a freeman. 3. To receive as denizens; to naturalize; as, to enfranchise foreign words. I. Watts. Enfranchisement En*fran"chise*ment (?), n. 1. Releasing from slavery or custody. Shak. 2. Admission to the freedom of a corporation or body politic; investiture with the privileges of free citizens. Enfranchisement of copyhold (Eng. Law), the conversion of a copyhold estate into a freehold. Mozley & W. Enfranchiser En*fran"chis*er (?), n. One who enfranchises. Enfree En*free" (?), v. t. To set free. [Obs.] "The enfreed Antenor." Shak. Enfreedom En*free"dom (?), v. t. To set free. [Obs.] Shak. Enfreeze En*freeze" (?), v. t. To freeze; to congeal. [Obs.] Thou hast enfrozened her disdainful breast. Spenser. Enfroward En*fro"ward (?), v. t. To make froward, perverse, or ungovernable. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. Engage En*gage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engaging (?).] [F. engager; pref. en- (L. in) + gage pledge, pawn. See Gage.] 1. To put under pledge; to pledge; to place under obligations to do or forbear doing something, as by a pledge, oath, or promise; to bind by contract or promise. "I to thee engaged a prince's word." Shak. 2. To gain for service; to bring in as associate or aid; to enlist; as, to engage friends to aid in a cause; to engage men for service. 3. To gain over; to win and attach; to attract and hold; to draw. Good nature engages everybody to him. Addison. 4. To employ the attention and efforts of; to occupy; to engross; to draw on. Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage. Pope. Taking upon himself the difficult task of engaging him in conversation. Hawthorne. 5. To enter into contest with; to encounter; to bring to conflict. A favorable opportunity of engaging the enemy. Ludlow. 6. (Mach.) To come into gear with; as, the teeth of one cogwheel engage those of another, or one part of a clutch engages the other part. Engage En*gage", v. i. 1. To promise or pledge one's self; to enter into an obligation; to become bound; to warrant. How proper the remedy for the malady, I engage not. Fuller. 2. To embark in a business; to take a part; to employ or involve one's self; to devote attention and effort; to enlist; as, to engage in controversy. 3. To enter into conflict; to join battle; as, the armies engaged in a general battle. 4. (Mach.) To be in gear, as two cogwheels working together. Engaged En*gaged" (?), a. 1. Occupied; employed; busy. 2. Pledged; promised; especially, having the affections pledged; promised in marriage; affianced; betrothed. 3. Greatly interested; of awakened zeal; earnest. 4. Involved; esp., involved in a hostile encounter; as, the engaged ships continued the fight. Engaged column. (Arch.) Same as Attached column. See under Attach, v. t. Engagedly En*ga"ged*ly (?), adv. With attachment; with interest; earnestly. Engagedness En*ga"ged*ness, n. The state of being deeply interested; earnestness; zeal. Engagement En*gage"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. engagement.] 1. The act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or entering into contest. 2. The state of being engaged, pledged or occupied; specif., a pledge to take some one as husband or wife. 3. That which engages; engrossing occupation; employment of the attention; obligation by pledge, promise, or contract; an enterprise embarked in; as, his engagements prevented his acceptance of any office. Religion, which is the chief engagement of our league. Milton. 4. (Mil.) An action; a fight; a battle. In hot engagement with the Moors. Dryden. 5. (Mach.) The state of being in gear; as, one part of a clutch is brought into engagement with the other part. Syn. -- Vocation; business; employment; occupation; promise; stipulation; betrothal; word; battle; combat; fight; contest; conflict. See Battle. Engager En*ga"ger (?), n. One who enters into an engagement or agreement; a surety. Several sufficient citizens were engagers. Wood. Engaging En*ga"ging (?), a. Tending to draw the attention or affections; attractive; as, engaging manners or address. -- En*ga"ging*ly, adv. -- En*ga"ging*ness, n. Engaging and disengaging gear OR machinery, that in which, or by means of which, one part is alternately brought into gear or out of gear with another part, as occasion may require. Engallant En*gal"lant (?), v. t. To make a gallant of. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Engaol En*gaol" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + gaol: cf. OF. engaoler, engeoler. See Gaol, and cf. Enjail.] To put in jail; to imprison. [Obs.] Shak. Engarboil En*gar"boil (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + garboil.] To throw into disorder; to disturb. [Obs.] "To engarboil the church." Bp. Montagu. Engarland En*gar"land (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + garland: cf. F. enguirlander.] To encircle with a garland, or with garlands. Sir P. Sidney. Engarrison En*gar"ri*son (?), v. t. To garrison; to put in garrison, or to protect by a garrison. Bp. Hall. Engastrimuth En*gas"tri*muth (?), n. [Gr. engastrimythe.] An ventriloquist. [Obs.] Engender En*gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engendering.] [F. engender, L. ingenerare; in + generare to beget. See Generate, and cf. Ingenerate.] 1. To produce by the union of the sexes; to beget. [R.] 2. To cause to exist; to bring forth; to produce; to sow the seeds of; as, angry words engender strife. Engendering friendship in all parts of the common wealth. Southey. Syn. -- To breed; generate; procreate; propagate; occasion; call forth; cause; excite; develop. Engender En*gen"der, v. i. 1. To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced. Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there. Dryden. 2. To come together; to meet, as in sexual embrace. "I saw their mouths engender." Massinger. Engender En*gen"der (?), n. One who, or that which, engenders. Engendrure En`gen*drure" (?), n. [OF. engendreure.] The act of generation. [Obs.] Chaucer. Engild En*gild" (?), v. t. To gild; to make splendent. Fair Helena, who most engilds the night. Shak. Engine En"gine (?), n. [F. engin skill, machine, engine, L. ingenium natural capacity, invention; in in + the root of gignere to produce. See Genius, and cf. Ingenious, Gin a snare.] 1. (Pronounced, in this sense, [Obs.] A man hath sapiences three, Memory, engine, and intellect also. Chaucer. 2. Anything used to effect a purpose; any device or contrivance; an agent. Shak. You see the ways the fisherman doth take To catch the fish; what engines doth he make? Bunyan. Their promises, enticements, oaths, tokens, and all these engines of lust. Shak. 3. Any instrument by which any effect is produced; especially, an instrument or machine of war or torture. "Terrible engines of death." Sir W. Raleigh. 4. (Mach.) A compound machine by which any physical power is applied to produce a given physical effect. Engine driver, one who manages an engine; specifically, the engineer of a locomotive. -- Engine lathe. (Mach.) See under Lathe. -- Engine tool, a machine tool. J. Whitworth. -- Engine turning (Fine Arts), a method of ornamentation by means of a rose engine. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm en gine is more commonly applied to massive machines, or to those giving power, or which produce some difficult result. Engines, as motors, are distinguished according to the source of power, as steam engine, air engine, electro-magnetic engine; or the purpose on account of which the power is applied, as fire engine, pumping engine, locomotive engine; or some peculiarity of construction or operation, as single-acting or double-acting engine, high-pressure or low-pressure engine, condensing engine, etc. Engine En"gine, v. t. 1. To assault with an engine. [Obs.] To engine and batter our walls. T. Adams. 2. To equip with an engine; -- said especially of steam vessels; as, vessels are often built by one firm and engined by another. 3. (Pronounced, in this sense, [Obs.] Chaucer. Engineer En`gi*neer" (?), n. [OE. enginer: cf. OF. engignier, F. ing\'82nieur. See Engine, n.] 1. A person skilled in the principles and practice of any branch of engineering. See under Engineering, n. 2. One who manages as engine, particularly a steam engine; an engine driver. 3. One who carries through an enterprise by skillful or artful contrivance; an efficient manager. [Colloq.] Civil engineer, a person skilled in the science of civil engineering. -- Military engineer, one who executes engineering works of a military nature. See under Engineering. _________________________________________________________________ Page 493 Engineer En`gi*neer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engineered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engineering.] 1. To lay out or construct, as an engineer; to perform the work of an engineer on; as, to engineer a road. J. Hamilton. 2. To use contrivance and effort for; to guide the course of; to manage; as, to engineer a bill through Congress. [Colloq.] Engineering En`gi*neer"ing, n. Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and machines; the occupation and work of an engineer. NOTE: &hand; In a co mprehensive se nse, en gineering in cludes architecture as a mechanical art, in distinction from architecture as a fine art. It was formerly divided into military engineering, which is the art of designing and constructing offensive and defensive works, and civil engineering, in a broad sense, as relating to other kinds of public works, machinery, etc. -- Civil engineering, in modern usage, is strictly the art of planning, laying out, and constructing fixed public works, such as railroads, highways, canals, aqueducts, water works, bridges, lighthouses, docks, embankments, breakwaters, dams, tunnels, etc. -- Mechanical engineering relates to machinery, such as steam engines, machine tools, mill work, etc. -- Mining engineering deals with the excavation and working of mines, and the extraction of metals from their ores, etc. Engineering is further divided into steam engineering, gas engineering, agricultural engineering, topographical engineering, electrical engineering, etc. Engineman En"gine*man (?), n.; pl. Enginemen (. A man who manages, or waits on, an engine. Enginer En"gin*er (?), n. [See Engineer.] A contriver; an inventor; a contriver of engines. [Obs.] Shak. Enginery En"gine*ry (?), n. 1. The act or art of managing engines, or artillery. Milton. 2. Engines, in general; instruments of war. Training his devilish enginery. Milton. 3. Any device or contrivance; machinery; structure or arrangement. Shenstone. Engine-sized En"gine-sized` (?), a. Sized by a machine, and not while in the pulp; -- said of paper. Knight. Enginous En"gi*nous (?), a. [OF. engignos. See Ingenious.] 1. Pertaining to an engine. [Obs.] That one act gives, like an enginous wheel, Motion to all. Decker. 2. Contrived with care; ingenious. [Obs.] The mark of all enginous drifts. B. Jonson. Engird En*gird" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engirded or Engirt (p. pr. & vb. n. Engirding.] [Pref. en- + gird. Cf. Ingirt.] To gird; to encompass. Shak. Engirdle En*gir"dle (?), v. t. To surround as with a girdle; to girdle. Engirt En*girt" (?), v. t. To engird. [R.] Collins. Engiscope En"gi*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Opt.) A kind of reflecting microscope. [Obs.] Englaimed En*glaimed" (?), a. [OE. engleimen to smear, gleim birdlime, glue, phlegm.] Clammy. [Obs.] Engle En"gle (?), n. [OE. enghle to coax or cajole. Cf. Angle a hook, one easily enticed, a gull, Ingle.] A favorite; a paramour; an ingle. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Engle En"gle, v. t. To cajole or coax, as favorite. [Obs.] I 'll presently go and engle some broker. B. Jonson. English Eng"lish (?), a. [AS. Englisc, fr. Engle, Angle, Engles, Angles, a tribe of Germans from the southeast of Sleswick, in Denmark, who settled in Britain and gave it the name of England. Cf. Anglican.] Of or pertaining to England, or to its inhabitants, or to the present so-called Anglo-Saxon race. English bond (Arch.) See 1st Bond, n., 8. -- English breakfast tea. See Congou. -- English horn. (Mus.) See Corno Inglese. -- English walnut. (Bot.) See under Walnut. English Eng"lish, n. 1. Collectively, the people of England; English people or persons. 2. The language of England or of the English nation, and of their descendants in America, India, and other countries. NOTE: &hand; Th e En glish language has been variously divided into periods by different writers. In the division most commonly recognized, the first period dates from about 450 to 1150. This is the period of full inflection, and is called Anglo-Saxon, or, by many recent writers, Old English. The second period dates from about 1150 to 1550 (or, if four periods be recognized, from about 1150 to 1350), and is called Early English, Middle English, or more commonly (as in the usage of this book), Old English. During this period most of the inflections were dropped, and there was a great addition of French words to the language. The third period extends from about 1350 to 1550, and is Middle English. During this period orthography became comparatively fixed. The last period, from about 1550, is called Modern English. 3. A kind of printing type, in size between Pica and Great Primer. See Type. NOTE: The type called English. 4. (Billiards) A twist or spinning motion given to a ball in striking it that influences the direction it will take after touching a cushion or another ball. The King's, OR Queen's, English. See under King. English Eng"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Englished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Englishing.] 1. To translate into the English language; to Anglicize; hence, to interpret; to explain. Those gracious acts . . . may be Englished more properly, acts of fear and dissimulation. Milton. Caxton does not care to alter the French forms and words in the book which he was Englishing. T. L. K. Oliphant. 2. (Billiards) To strike (the cue ball) in such a manner as to give it in addition to its forward motion a spinning motion, that influences its direction after impact on another ball or the cushion. [U.S.] Englishable Eng"lish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being translated into, or expressed in, English. Englishism Eng"lish*ism (?), n. 1. A quality or characteristic peculiar to the English. M. Arnold. 2. A form of expression peculiar to the English language as spoken in England; an Anglicism. Englishman Eng"lish*man (-man), n.; pl. Englishmen (-men). A native or a naturalized inhabitant of England. Englishry Eng"lish*ry (?), n. 1. The state or privilege of being an Englishman. [Obs.] Cowell. 2. A body of English or people of English descent; -- commonly applied to English people in Ireland. A general massacre of the Englishry. Macaulay. Englishwoman Eng"lish*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Englishwomen (. Fem. of Englishman. Shak. Engloom En*gloom" (?), v. t. To make gloomy. [R.] Englue En*glue" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + glue: cf. F. engluer to smear with birdlime.] To join or close fast together, as with glue; as, a coffer well englued. Gower. Englut En*glut" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Englutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Englutting (?).] [Pref. en- + glut: cf. F. engloutir.] 1. To swallow or gulp down. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To glut. [Obs.] "Englutted with vanity." Ascham. Engore En*gore" (?), v. t. 1. To gore; to pierce; to lacerate. [Obs.] Deadly engored of a great wild boar. Spenser. 2. To make bloody. [Obs.] Chapman. Engorge En*gorge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engorging (?).] [Pref. en- + gorge: cf. F. engorger to obstruct, cram.] 1. To gorge; to glut. Mir. for Mag. 2. To swallow with greediness or in large quantities; to devour. Spenser. Engorge En*gorge", v. i. To feed with eagerness or voracity; to stuff one's self with food. Beaumont. Engorged En*gorged" (?), p. a. 1. Swallowed with greediness, or in large draughts. 2. (Med.) Filled to excess with blood or other liquid; congested. Engorgement En*gorge"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. engorgement.] 1. The act of swallowing greedily; a devouring with voracity; a glutting. 2. (Med.) An overfullness or obstruction of the vessels in some part of the system; congestion. Hoblyn. 3. (Metal.) The clogging of a blast furnace. Engouled En*gouled" (?), a. (Her.) Partly swallowed; disappearing in the jaws of anything; as, an infant engouled by a serpent; said also of an ordinary, when its two ends to issue from the mouths of lions, or the like; as, a bend engouled. Engoul\'82e En`gou`l\'82e" (?), a. [F., p. p. of engouler to swallow up; pref. en- (L. in) + gueule mouth.] (Her.) Same as Engouled. Engraff En*graff" (?), v. t. [See Ingraft.] To graft; to fix deeply. [Obs.] Engraffment En*graff"ment (?), n. See Ingraftment. [Obs.] Engraft En*graft" (?), v. t. See Ingraft. Shak. Engraftation, Engraftment En`graf*ta"tion (?), En*graft"ment (?), n. The act of ingrafting; ingraftment. [R.] Engrail En*grail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engrailing.] [F. engr\'88ler; pref. en- (L. in) + gr\'88le hail. See Grail gravel.] 1. To variegate or spot, as with hail. A caldron new engrailed with twenty hues. Chapman. 2. (Her.) To indent with small curves. See Engrailed. Engrail En*grail", v. i. To form an edging or border; to run in curved or indented lines. Parnell. Engrailed En*grailed" (?), a. (Her.) Indented with small concave curves, as the edge of a bordure, bend, or the like. Engrailment En*grail"ment (?), n. 1. The ring of dots round the edge of a medal, etc. Brande & C. 2. (Her.) Indentation in curved lines, as of a line of division or the edge of an ordinary. Engrain En*grain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engraining.] [Pref. en- + grain. Cf. Ingrain.] 1. To dye in grain, or of a fast color. See Ingrain. Leaves engrained in lusty green. Spenser. 2. To incorporate with the grain or texture of anything; to infuse deeply. See Ingrain. The stain hath become engrained by time. Sir W. Scott. 3. To color in imitation of the grain of wood; to grain. See Grain, v. t., 1. Engrapple En*grap"ple (?), v. t. & i. To grapple. [Obs.] Engrasp En*grasp" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engrasping.] To grasp; to grip. [R.] Spenser. Engrave En*grave", v. t. [Pref. en- + grave a tomb. Cf. Engrave to carve.] To deposit in the grave; to bury. [Obs.] "Their corses to engrave." Spenser. Engrave En*grave" (?), v. t. [imp. Engraved (?); p. p. Engraved or Engraven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Engraving.] [Pref. en- + grave to carve: cf. OF. engraver.] 1. To cut in; to make by incision. [Obs.] Full many wounds in his corrupted flesh He did engrave. Spenser. 2. To cut with a graving instrument in order to form an inscription or pictorial representation; to carve figures; to mark with incisions. Like . . . . a signet thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel. Ex. xxviii. 11. 3. To form or represent by means of incisions upon wood, stone, metal, or the like; as, to engrave an inscription. 4. To impress deeply; to infix, as if with a graver. Engrave principles in men's minds. Locke. Engraved En*graved" (?), a. 1. Made by engraving or ornamented with engraving. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface covered with irregular, impressed lines. Engravement En*grave"ment (?), n. 1. Engraving. 2. Engraved work. [R.] Barrow. Engraver En*grav"er (?), n. One who engraves; a person whose business it is to produce engraved work, especially on metal or wood. Engravery En*grav"er*y (?), n. The trade or work of an engraver. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Engraving En*grav"ing, n. 1. The act or art of producing upon hard material incised or raised patterns, characters, lines, and the like; especially, the art of producing such lines, etc., in the surface of metal plates or blocks of wood. Engraving is used for the decoration of the surface itself; also, for producing an original, from which a pattern or design may be printed on paper. 2. That which is engraved; an engraved plate. 3. An impression from an engraved plate, block of wood, or other material; a print. NOTE: &hand; En graving on wo od is called xylography; on copper, chalcography; on stone lithography. Engravings or prints take from wood blocks are usually called wood cuts, those from stone, lithographs. Engregge En*greg"ge (?), v. t. [OF. engregier, from (assumed) LL. ingreviare; in + (assumed) grevis heavy, for L. gravis. Cf. Aggravate.] To aggravate; to make worse; to lie heavy on. [Obs.] Chaucer. Engrieve En*grieve" (?), v. t. To grieve. [Obs.] Spenser. Engross En*gross" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engrossing.] [F., fr. pref. en- (L. in) + gros gross, grosse, n., an engrossed document: cf. OF. engrossir, engroissier, to make thick, large, or gross. See Gross.] 1. To make gross, thick, or large; to thicken; to increase in bulk or quantity. [Obs.] Waves . . . engrossed with mud. Spenser. Not sleeping, to engross his idle body. Shak. 2. To amass. [Obs.] To engross up glorious deeds on my behalf. Shak. 3. To copy or write in a large hand (en gross, i. e., in large); to write a fair copy of in distinct and legible characters; as, to engross a deed or like instrument on parchment. Some period long past, when clerks engrossed their stiff and formal chirography on more substantial materials. Hawthorne. Laws that may be engrossed on a finger nail. De Quincey. 4. To seize in the gross; to take the whole of; to occupy wholly; to absorb; as, the subject engrossed all his thoughts. 5. To purchase either the whole or large quantities of, for the purpose of enhancing the price and making a profit; hence, to take or assume in undue quantity, proportion, or degree; as, to engross commodities in market; to engross power. Engrossed bill (Legislation), one which has been plainly engrossed on parchment, with all its amendments, preparatory to final action on its passage. -- Engrossing hand (Penmanship), a fair, round style of writing suitable for engrossing legal documents, legislative bills, etc. Syn. -- To absorb; swallow up; imbibe; consume; exhaust; occupy; forestall; monopolize. See Absorb. Engrosser En*gross"er (?), n. 1. One who copies a writing in large, fair characters. 2. One who takes the whole; a person who purchases such quantities of articles in a market as to raise the price; a forestaller. Locke. Engrossment En*gross"ment (?), n. 1. The act of engrossing; as, the engrossment of a deed. Engrossments of power and favor. Swift. 2. That which has been engrossed, as an instrument, legislative bill, goods, etc. Enguard En*guard" (?), v. t. To surround as with a guard. [Obs.] Shak. Engulf En*gulf" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engulfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engulfing.] [Pref. en- + gulf: cf. OF. engolfer. Cf. Ingulf.] To absorb or swallow up as in a gulf. It quite engulfs all human thought. Young. Syn. -- See Absorb. Engulfment En*gulf"ment (?), n. A swallowing up as if in a gulf. [R.] Engyn En*gyn" (?). Variant of Engine. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enhalo En*ha"lo (?), v. t. To surround with a halo. Enhance En*hance" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enhanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enhancing (?).] [Norm. F. enhauncer, enhaucer, OF. enhaleier, enhaucier; pref. en- (L. in) + haucier to lift, raise up, from an assumed L. altiare, fr. L. altus high; cf. Pr. enansar, enanzar, to advance, exalt, and E. advance. See Altitude, and cf. Hawser.] 1. To raise or lift up; to exalt. [Obs.] Wyclif. Who, naught aghast, his mighty hand enhanced. Spenser. 2. To advance; to augment; to increase; to heighten; to make more costly or attractive; as, to enhance the price of commodities; to enhance beauty or kindness; hence, also, to render more heinous; to aggravate; as, to enhance crime. The reputation of ferocity enhanced the value of their services, in making them feared as well as hated. Southey. Enhance En*hance", v. i. To be raised up; to grow larger; as, a debt enhances rapidly by compound interest. Enhancement En*hance"ment (?), n. The act of increasing, or state of being increased; augmentation; aggravation; as, the enhancement of value, price, enjoyments, crime. Enhancer En*han"cer (?), n. One who enhances; one who, or that which, raises the amount, price, etc. Enharbor En*har"bor (?), v. t. To find harbor or safety in; to dwell in or inhabit. W. Browne. Enharden En*hard"en (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + harden: cf. F. enhardir to embolden.] To harden; to embolden. [Obs.] Howell. Enharmonic, Enharmonical En`har*mon"ic (?), En`har*mon"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. enharmonique.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 494 1. (Anc. Mus.) Of or pertaining to that one of the three kinds of musical scale (diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic) recognized by the ancient Greeks, which consisted of quarter tones and major thirds, and was regarded as the most accurate. 2. (Mus.) (a) Pertaining to a change of notes to the eye, while, as the same keys are used, the instrument can mark no difference to the ear, as the substitution of Ab for G#. (b) Pertaining to a scale of perfect intonation which recognizes all the notes and intervals that result from the exact tuning of diatonic scales and their transposition into other keys. Enharmonically En`har*mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In the enharmonic style or system; in just intonation. Enhearten En*heart"en (?), v. t. To give heart to; to fill with courage; to embolden. The enemy exults and is enheartened. I. Taylor. Enhedge En*hedge" (?), v. t. To surround as with a hedge. [R.] Vicars. Enhort En*hort" (?), v. t. [OF. enhorter, enorter, L. inhortari. Cf. Exhort.] To encourage. [Obs.] "To enhort the people." Chaucer. Enhunger En*hun"ger (?), v. t. To make hungry. Those animal passions which vice had . . . enhungered to feed on innocence and life. J. Martineau. Enhydros En*hy"dros (?), n. [NL. See Enhydrous.] (Min.) A variety of chalcedony containing water. Enhydrous En*hy"drous (?), a. [Gr. Having water within; containing fluid drops; -- said of certain crystals. Enigma E*nig"ma (?), n.; pl. Enigmas (#). [L. aenigma, Gr. 1. A dark, obscure, or inexplicable saying; a riddle; a statement, the hidden meaning of which is to be discovered or guessed. A custom was among the ancients of proposing an enigma at festivals. Pope. 2. An action, mode of action, or thing, which cannot be satisfactorily explained; a puzzle; as, his conduct is an enigma. Enigmatic; 277, Enigmatical E`nig*mat"ic (?; 277), E`nig*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82nigmatique.] Relating to or resembling an enigma; not easily explained or accounted for; darkly expressed; obscure; puzzling; as, an enigmatical answer. Enigmatically E`nig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. Darkly; obscurely. Enigmatist E*nig"ma*tist (?), n. [Gr. One who makes, or talks in, enigmas. Addison. Enigmatize E*nig"ma*tize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Enigmatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enigmatizing (?).] To make, or talk in, enigmas; to deal in riddles. Enigmatography, Enigmatology E*nig`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), E*nig`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy, -logy.] The art of making or of solving enigmas. Enisled En*isled" (?), p. a. Placed alone or apart, as if on an island; severed, as an island. [R.] "In the sea of life enisled." M. Arnold. Enjall En*jall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enjailing.] [Pref. en- + jail. Cf. Engaol.] To put into jail; to imprison. [R.] Donne. Enjoin En*join" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjoined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enjoining.] [F. enjoindre, L. injungere to join into, charge, enjoin; in + jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Injunction.] 1. To lay upon, as an order or command; to give an injunction to; to direct with authority; to order; to charge. High matter thou enjoin'st me. Milton. I am enjoined by oath to observe three things. Shak. 2. (Law) To prohibit or restrain by a judicial order or decree; to put an injunction on. This is a suit to enjoin the defendants from disturbing the plaintiffs. Kent. NOTE: &hand; En join ha s th e fo rce of pr essing admonition with authority; as, a parent enjoins on his children the duty of obedience. But it has also the sense of command; as, the duties enjoined by God in the moral law. "This word is more authoritative than direct, and less imperious than command." Johnson. Enjoin En*join", v. t. To join or unite. [Obs.] Hooker. Enjoiner En*join"er (?), n. One who enjoins. Enjoinment En*join"ment (?), n. Direction; command; authoritative admonition. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Enjoy En*joy" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjoyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enjoying.] [OF. enjoier to receive with joy; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. & F. joie joy: cf. OF. enjoir to enjoy. See Joy.] 1. To take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of; to feel or perceive with pleasure; to be delighted with; as, to enjoy the dainties of a feast; to enjoy conversation. 2. To have, possess, and use with satisfaction; to occupy or have the benefit of, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable; as, to enjoy a free constitution and religious liberty. That the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of his fathers. Num. xxxvi. 8. To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season. Heb. xi. 25. 3. To have sexual intercourse with. Milton. To enjoy one's self, to feel pleasure; to be happy. Enjoy En*joy", v. i. To take satisfaction; to live in happiness. [R.] Milton. Enjoyable En*joy"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enjoyed or of giving joy; yielding enjoyment. Milton. Enjoyer En*joy"er (?), n. One who enjoys. Enjoyment En*joy"ment (?), n. 1. The condition of enjoying anything; pleasure or satisfaction, as in the possession or occupancy of anything; possession and use; as, the enjoyment of an estate. 2. That which gives pleasure or keen satisfaction. The hope of everlasting enjoyments. Glanvill. Syn. -- Pleasure; satisfaction; gratification; fruition; happiness; felicity; delight. Enkennel En*ken"nel (?), v. t. To put into a kennel. Enkerchiefed En*ker"chiefed (?), a. Bound with a kerchief; draped; hooded; covered. Milton. That soft, enkerchiefed hair. M. Arnold. Enkindle En*kin"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enkindled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enkindling (?).] 1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle. Shak. 2. To excite; to rouse into action; to incite. To enkindle the enthusiasm of an artist. Talfourd. Enlace En*lace" (?), v. t. To bind or encircle with lace, or as with lace; to lace; to encircle; to enfold; hence, to entangle. Ropes of pearl her neck and breast enlace. P. Fletcher. Enlacement En*lace"ment (?), n. The act of enlacing, or state of being enlaced; a surrounding as with a lace. Enlard En*lard" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + lard: cf. OF. enlarder to put on the spit, Pr. & Sp. enlardar to rub with grease, baste.] To cover or dress with lard or grease; to fatten. Shak. Enlarge En*large" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlarged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enlarging (?).] [OF. enlargier; pref. en- (L. in) + F. large wide. See Large.] 1. To make larger; to increase in quantity or dimensions; to extend in limits; to magnify; as, the body is enlarged by nutrition; to enlarge one's house. To enlarge their possessions of land. Locke. 2. To increase the capacity of; to expand; to give free scope or greater scope to; also, to dilate, as with joy, affection, and the like; as, knowledge enlarges the mind. O ye Corinthians, our . . . heart is enlarged. 2 Cor. vi. 11. 3. To set at large or set free. [Archaic] It will enlarge us from all restraints. Barrow. Enlarging hammer, a hammer with a slightly rounded face of large diameter; -- used by gold beaters. Knight. -- To enlarge an order OR rule (Law), to extend the time for complying with it. Abbott. -- To enlarge one's self, to give free vent to speech; to spread out discourse. "They enlarged themselves on this subject." Clarendon. -- To enlarge the heart, to make free, liberal, and charitable. Syn. -- To increase; extend; expand; spread; amplify; augment; magnify. See Increase. Enlarge En*large", v. i. 1. To grow large or larger; to be further extended; to expand; as, a plant enlarges by growth; an estate enlarges by good management; a volume of air enlarges by rarefaction. 2. To speak or write at length; to be diffuse in speaking or writing; to expatiate; to dilate. To enlarge upon this theme. M. Arnold. 3. (Naut.) To get more astern or parallel with the vessel's course; to draw aft; -- said of the wind. Enlarged En*larged" (?), a. Made large or larger; extended; swollen. -- En*lar"ged*ly (#), adv. -- En*lar"ged*ness, n. Enlargement En*large"ment (?), n. 1. The act of increasing in size or bulk, real or apparent; the state of being increased; augmentation; further extension; expansion. 2. Expansion or extension, as of the powers of the mind; ennoblement, as of the feelings and character; as, an enlargement of views, of knowledge, of affection. 3. A setting at large, or being set at large; release from confinement, servitude, or distress; liberty. Give enlargement to the swain. Shak. 4. Diffusiveness of speech or writing; expatiation; a wide range of discourse or argument. An enlargement upon the vices and corruptions that were got into the army. Clarendon. Enlarger En*lar"ger (?), n. One that enlarges. Enlay En*lay" (?), v. t. See Inlay. Enlengthen En*length"en (?), v. t. To lengthen. [Obs.] Enleven En*lev"en (?), n. Eleven. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enlight En*light" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + light. Cf. Enlighten.] To illumine; to enlighten. [R.] Which from the first has shone on ages past, Enlights the present, and shall warm the last. Pope. Enlighten En*light"en (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + lighten: cf. AS. inl\'c6htan. Cf. Enlight.] 1. To supply with light; to illuminate; as, the sun enlightens the earth. His lightnings enlightened the world. Ps. xcvii. 4. 2. To make clear to the intellect or conscience; to shed the light of truth and knowledge upon; to furnish with increase of knowledge; to instruct; as, to enlighten the mind or understanding. The conscience enlightened by the Word and Spirit of God. Trench. Enlightener En*light"en*er (?), n. One who enlightens or illuminates; one who, or that which, communicates light to the eye, or clear views to the mind. Enlightenment En*light"en*ment (?), n. Act of enlightening, or the state of being enlightened or instructed. Enlimn En*limn" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + limn. Cf. Enlumine, Illuminate.] To adorn by illuminating or ornamenting with colored and decorated letters and figures, as a book or manuscript. [R.] Palsgrave. Enlink En*link" (?), v. t. To chain together; to connect, as by links. Shak. Enlist En*list" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enlisting.] 1. To enter on a list; to enroll; to register. 2. To engage for military or naval service, the name being entered on a list or register; as, to enlist men. 3. To secure the support and aid of; to employ in advancing interest; as, to enlist persons in the cause of truth, or in a charitable enterprise. Enlist En*list", v. i. 1. To enroll and bind one's self for military or naval service; as, he enlisted in the regular army; the men enlisted for the war. 2. To enter heartily into a cause, as if enrolled. Enlistment En*list"ment (?), n. 1. The act or enlisting, or the state of being enlisted; voluntary enrollment to serve as a soldier or a sailor. 2. The writing by which an enlisted man is bound. Enlive En*live" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + live, a.] To enliven. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Enliven En*liv"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlivened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enlivening (?).] [Pref. en- + liven.]. 1. To give life, action, or motion to; to make vigorous or active; to excite; to quicken; as, fresh fuel enlivens a fire. Lo! of themselves th' enlivened chessmen move. Cowley. 2. To give spirit or vivacity to; to make sprightly, gay, or cheerful; to animate; as, mirth and good humor enliven a company; enlivening strains of music. Syn. -- To animate; rouse; inspire; cheer; encourage; comfort; exhilarate; inspirit; invigorate. Enlivener En*liv"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, enlivens, animates, or invigorates. Enlock En*lock" (?), v. t. To lock; to inclose. Enlumine En*lu"mine (?), v. t. [F. enluminer; pref. en- (L. in) + L. luminare to light up, illumine. See Illuminate, and cf. Limn.] To illumine. [Obs.] Spenser. Enlute En*lute" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + L. lutum mud, clay.] To coat with clay; to lute. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enmanch\'82 En`man`ch\'82" (?), a. [F.; pref. en- (L. in) + manche sleeve.] (Her.) Resembling, or covered with, a sleeve; -- said of the chief when lines are drawn from the middle point of the upper edge upper edge to the sides. Enmarble En*mar"ble (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + marble.] To make hard as marble; to harden. [Obs.] Spenser. Enmesh En*mesh" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.] To catch or entangle in, or as in, meshes. Shak. My doubts enmesh me if I try. Lowell. Enmew En*mew" (?), v. t. See Emmew. Enmist En*mist" (?), v. t. To infold, as in a mist. Enmity En"mi*ty (?), n.; pl. Enmities (#). [OE. enemyte, fr. enemy: cf. F. inimiti\'82, OF. enemisti\'82. See Enemy, and cf. Amity.] 1. The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly disposition. No ground of enmity between us known. Milton. 2. A state of opposition; hostility. The friendship of the world is enmity with God. James iv. 4. Syn. -- Rancor; hostility; hatred; aversion; antipathy; repugnance; animosity; ill will; malice; malevolence. See Animosity, Rancor. Enmossed En*mossed" (?; 115), a. [Pref. en- + moss.] Covered with moss; mossed. Keats. Enmove En*move" (?), v. t. See Emmove. [Obs.] Enmuffle En*muf"fle (?), v. t. To muffle up. Enmure En*mure" (?), v. t. To immure. [Obs.] Ennation En*na"tion (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The ninth segment in insects. Ennead En"ne*ad (?), n. [Gr. The number nine or a group of nine. The Enneads, the title given to the works of the philosopher Plotinus, published by his pupil Porphyry; -- so called because each of the six books into which it is divided contains nine chapters. Enneagon En"ne*a*gon (?; 277), n. [Gr. enn\'82agone.] (Geom.) A polygon or plane figure with nine sides and nine angles; a nonagon. Enneagonal En`ne*ag"o*nal (?), a. (Geom.) Belonging to an enneagon; having nine angles. Enneagynous En`ne*ag"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having or producing nine pistils or styles; -- said of a flower or plant. Enheahedral En`he*a*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. (Geom.) Having nine sides. Enheahedria, Enheahedron En`he*a*he"dri*a (?), En`he*a*he"dron (?), n. (Geom.) A figure having nine sides; a nonagon. Enneandria En`ne*an"dri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. enn\'82andrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having nine stamens. Enneandrian, Enneandrous En`ne*an"dri*an (?), En`ne*an"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Having nine stamens. Enneapetalous En`ne*a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. petalous: cf. F. enn\'82ap\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having nine petals, or flower leaves. Enneaspermous En`ne*a*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having nine seeds; -- said of fruits. Enneatic, Enneatical En`ne*at"ic (?), En`ne*at"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Occurring once in every nine times, days, years, etc.; every ninth. Enneatical day, every ninth day of a disease. -- Enneatical year, every ninth year of a man's life. Ennew En*new" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + new. Cf. Innovate.] To make new. [Obs.] Skelton. Enniche En*niche" (?), v. t. To place in a niche. Sterne. Ennoble En*no"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ennobled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ennobling (?).] [Pref. en- + noble: cf. F. ennoblir.] 1. To make noble; to elevate in degree, qualities, or excellence; to dignify. "Ennobling all that he touches." Trench. What can ennoble sots, or slaves, or cowards? Alas! not all the blood of all the Howards. Pope. 2. To raise to the rank of nobility; as, to ennoble a commoner. Syn. -- To raise; dignify; exalt; elevate; aggrandize. Ennoblement En*no"ble*ment, n. 1. The act of making noble, or of exalting, dignifying, or advancing to nobility. Bacon. 2. That which ennobles; excellence; dignity. Ennobler En*no"bler (?), n. One who ennobles. Ennui En`nui" (?), n. [F., fr. L. in odio in hatred. See Annoy.] A feeling of weariness and disgust; dullness and languor of spirits, arising from satiety or want of interest; tedium. T. Gray. Ennuy\'82 En`nuy`\'82" (?), a. [F., p. p. of ennuyer. See Ennui.] Affected with ennui; weary in spirits; emotionally exhausted. Ennuy\'82 En`nuy`\'82", n. [F.] One who is affected with ennui. Ennuy\'82e En`nuy`\'82e" (?), n. [F.] A woman affected with ennui. Mrs. Jameson. Enodal E*nod"al (?), a. (Bot.) Without a node. Gray. _________________________________________________________________ Page 495 Enodation En`o*da"tion (?), n. [L. enodatio explanation, fr. enodare to free from knots. See Enode.] The act or operation of clearing of knots, or of untying; hence, also, the solution of a difficulty. [R.] Bailey. Enode E*node" (?), v. t. [L. enodare; e out + nodare to fill with knots, nodus a knot.] To clear of knots; to make clear. [Obs.] Cockeram. Enoint E*noint" (?), a. Anointed. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enomotarch E*nom"o*tarch (?), n. [Gr. Enomoty.] (Gr. Antiq.) The commander of an enomoty. Mitford. Enomoty E*nom"o*ty (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A band of sworn soldiers; a division of the Spartan army ranging from twenty-five to thirty-six men, bound together by oath. Enopla En"o*pla (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of Nemertina, characterized by the presence of a peculiar armature of spines or plates in the proboscis. Enoptomancy En*op"to*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by the use of a mirror. Enorm E*norm" (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82norme. See Enormous.] Enormous. [Obs.] Spenser. Enormity E*nor"mi*ty (?), n.; pl. Enormities (#). [L. enormitas, fr. enormis enormous: cf. F. \'82normit\'82. See Enormous.] 1. The state or quality of exceeding a measure or rule, or of being immoderate, monstrous, or outrageous. The enormity of his learned acquisitions. De Quincey. 2. That which is enormous; especially, an exceeding offense against order, right, or decency; an atrocious crime; flagitious villainy; an atrocity. These clamorous enormities which are grown too big and strong for law or shame. South. Enormous E*nor"mous (?), a. [L. enormis enormous, out of rule; e out + norma rule: cf. F. \'82norme. See Normal.] 1. Exceeding the usual rule, norm, or measure; out of due proportion; inordinate; abnormal. "Enormous bliss." Milton. "This enormous state." Shak. "The hoop's enormous size." Jenyns. Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait. Milton. 2. Exceedingly wicked; outrageous; atrocious; monstrous; as, an enormous crime. That detestable profession of a life so enormous. Bale. Syn. -- Huge; vast; immoderate; immense; excessive; prodigious; monstrous. -- Enormous, Immense, Excessive. We speak of a thing as enormous when it overpasses its ordinary law of existence or far exceeds its proper average or standard, and becomes -- so to speak -- abnormal in its magnitude, degree, etc.; as, a man of enormous strength; a deed of enormous wickedness. Immense expresses somewhat indefinitely an immeasurable quantity or extent. Excessive is applied to what is beyond a just measure or amount, and is always used in an evil; as, enormous size; an enormous crime; an immense expenditure; the expanse of ocean is immense. "Excessive levity and indulgence are ultimately excessive rigor." V. Knox. "Complaisance becomes servitude when it is excessive." La Rochefoucauld (Trans). Enormously E*nor"mous*ly, adv. In an enormous degree. Enormousness E*nor"mous*ness, n. The state of being enormous. Enorthotrope En*or"tho*trope (?), n. [Gr. An optical toy; a card on which confused or imperfect figures are drawn, but which form to the eye regular figures when the card is rapidly revolved. See Thaumatrope. Enough E*nough" (?), a. [OE. inoh, inow, enogh, AS. gen, gen, a. & adv. (akin to OS. gin, D. genoeg, OHG. ginoug, G. genug, Icel. gn, Sw. nog, Dan. nok, Goth. gan), fr. geneah it suffices (akin to Goth. ganah); pref. ge- + a root akin to L. nancisci to get, Skr. na, Gr. Satisfying desire; giving content; adequate to meet the want; sufficient; -- usually, and more elegantly, following the noun to which it belongs. How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare! Luke xv. 17. Enough E*nough", adv. 1. In a degree or quantity that satisfies; to satisfaction; sufficiently. 2. Fully; quite; -- used to express slight augmentation of the positive degree, and sometimes equivalent to very; as, he is ready enough to embrace the offer. I know you well enough; you are Signior Antonio. Shak. Thou knowest well enough . . . that this is no time to lend money. Shak. 3. In a tolerable degree; -- used to express mere acceptableness or acquiescence, and implying a degree or quantity rather less than is desired; as, the song was well enough. NOTE: &hand; Enough usually follows the word it modifies. Enough E*nough", n. A sufficiency; a quantity which satisfies desire, is adequate to the want, or is equal to the power or ability; as, he had enough to do take care of himself. "Enough is as good as a feast." And Esau said, I have enough, my brother. Gen. xxxiii. 9. Enough E*nough", interj. An exclamation denoting sufficiency, being a shortened form of it is enough. Enounce E*nounce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enouncing (?).] [F. \'82noncer, L. enuntiare; e out + nuntiare to announce, fr. nuntius messenger. See Nuncio, and cf. Enunciate.] 1. To announce; to declare; to state, as a proposition or argument. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. To utter; to articulate. The student should be able to enounce these [sounds] independently. A. M. Bell. Enouncement E*nounce"ment (?), n. Act of enouncing; that which is enounced. Enow E*now" (?). A form of Enough. [Archaic] Shak. Enpatron En*pa"tron (?), v. t. To act the part of a patron towards; to patronize. [Obs.] Shak. Enpierce En*pierce" (?), v. t. [See Empierce.] To pierce. [Obs.] Shak. Enquere En*quere" (?), v. i. To inquire. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enquicken En*quick"en (?), v. t. To quicken; to make alive. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Enquire En*quire" (?), v. i. & t. See Inquire. Enquirer En*quir"er (?), n. See Inquirer. Enquiry En*quir"y (?), n. See Inquiry. Enrace En*race" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + race lineage.] To enroot; to implant. [Obs.] Spenser. Enrage En*rage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enraged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enraging (?).] [F. enrager to be enraged; pref. en- (L. in) + rage rage. See Rage.] To fill with rage; to provoke to frenzy or madness; to make furious. Syn. -- To irritate; incense; inflame; exasperate; provoke; anger; madden; infuriate. Enragement En*rage"ment (?), n. Act of enraging or state of being enraged; excitement. [Obs.] Enrange En*range" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + range. Cf. Enrank, Arrange.] 1. To range in order; to put in rank; to arrange. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To rove over; to range. [Obs.] Spenser. Enrank En*rank" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + rank.] To place in ranks or in order. [R.] Shak. Enrapt En*rapt" (?), p. a. [Pref. en- + rapt. Cf. Enravish.] Thrown into ecstasy; transported; enraptured. Shak. Enrapture En*rap"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enraptured (?; 135); p. pr. & vb. n. Enrapturing.] To transport with pleasure; to delight beyond measure; to enravish. Shenstone. Enravish En*rav"ish (?), v. t. To transport with delight; to enrapture; to fascinate. Spenser. Enravishingly En*rav"ish*ing*ly, adv. So as to throw into ecstasy. Enravishment En*rav"ish*ment (?), n. The state of being enravished or enraptured; ecstasy; rapture. Glanvill. Enregister En*reg"is*ter (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + register: cf. F. enregistrer. Cf. Inregister.] To register; to enroll or record; to inregister. To read enregistered in every nook His goodness, which His beauty doth declare. Spenser. Enrheum En*rheum" (?), v. i. [Pref. en- + rheum: cf. F. s'enrhumer.] To contract a rheum. [Obs.] Harvey. Enrich En*rich" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enriched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enriching.] [F. enrichir; pref. en- (L. in) + riche rich. See Rich.] 1. To make rich with any kind of wealth; to render opulent; to increase the possessions of; as, to enrich the understanding with knowledge. Seeing, Lord, your great mercy Us hath enriched so openly. Chaucer's Dream. 2. To supply with ornament; to adorn; as, to enrich a ceiling by frescoes. 3. To make rich with manure; to fertilize; -- said of the soil; as, to enrich land by irrigation. 4. To supply with knowledge; to instruct; to store; -- said of the mind. Sir W. Raleigh. Enricher En*rich"er (?), n. One who enriches. Enrichment En*rich"ment (?), n. The act of making rich, or that which enriches; increase of value by improvements, embellishment, etc.; decoration; embellishment. Enridge En*ridge" (?), v. t. To form into ridges. Shak. Enring En*ring" (?), v. t. To encircle. [R.] The Muses and the Graces, grouped in threes, Enringed a billowing fountain in the midst. Tennyson. Enripen En*rip"en (?), v. t. To ripen. [Obs.] Donne. Enrive En*rive" (?), v. t. To rive; to cleave. [Obs.] Enrobe En*robe" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + robe: cf. OF. enrober.] To invest or adorn with a robe; to attire. Enrockment En*rock"ment (?), n. [Pref. en- + rock.] A mass of large stones thrown into water at random to form bases of piers, breakwaters, etc. Enroll En*roll" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enrolling.] [Pref. en- + roll: cf. F. enr\'93ler; pref. en- (L. in) + r\'93le roll or register. See Roll, n.] [Written also enrol.] 1. To insert in a roil; to register or enter in a list or catalogue or on rolls of court; hence, to record; to insert in records; to leave in writing; as, to enroll men for service; to enroll a decree or a law; also, reflexively, to enlist. An unwritten law of common right, so engraven in the hearts of our ancestors, and by them so constantly enjoyed and claimed, as that it needed not enrolling. Milton. All the citizen capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves. Prescott. 2. To envelop; to inwrap; to involve. [Obs.] Spenser. Enroller En*roll"er (?), n. One who enrolls or registers. Enrollment En*roll"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. enr\'93lement.] [Written also enrolment.] 1. The act of enrolling; registration. Holland. 2. A writing in which anything is enrolled; a register; a record. Sir J. Davies. Enroot En*root" (?), v. t. To fix by the root; to fix fast; to implant deep. Shak. Enround En*round" (?), v. t. To surround. [Obs.] Shak. En route En` route" (?). [F.] On the way or road. Ens Ens (?), n. [L., ens, entis, a thing. See Entity.] 1. (Metaph.) Entity, being, or existence; an actually existing being; also, God, as the Being of Beings. 2. (Chem.) Something supposed to condense within itself all the virtues and qualities of a substance from which it is extracted; essence. [Obs.] Ensaf En*saf (?), v. t. To make safe. [Obs.] Hall. Ensample En*sam"ple (?), n. [OF. ensample, essample, F. exemple. See Example.] An example; a pattern or model for imitation. [Obs.] Tyndale. Being ensamples to the flock. Ensample En*sam"ple (?), v. t. To exemplify, to show by example. [Obs.] Spenser. Ensanguine En*san"guine (?), v. t. To stain or cover with blood; to make bloody, or of a blood-red color; as, an ensanguined hue. "The ensanguined field." Milton. Ensate En"sate (?), a. [NL. ensatus, fr. L. ensis sword.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having sword-shaped leaves, or appendages; ensiform. Enscale En*scale" (?), v. t. To cover with scales. Enshedule En*shed"ule (?; 135), v. t. To insert in a schedule. See Schedule. [R.] Shak. Ensconce En*sconce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensconced (?); imp. & p. p. Ensconcing (?).] To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to place or hide securely; to conceal. She shall not see me: I will ensconce me behind the arras. Shak. Enseal En*seal" (?), v. t. To impress with a seal; to mark as with a seal; hence, to ratify. [Obs.] This deed I do enseal. Piers Plowman. Enseam En*seam" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + seam suture. Cf. Inseam.] To sew up; to inclose by a seam; hence, to include; to contain. Camden. Enseam En*seam", v. t. [Pref. en- + seam grease.] To cover with grease; to defile; to pollute. [Obs.] In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed. Shak. Ensear En*sear" (?), v. t. To sear; to dry up. [Obs.] Ensear thy fertile and conceptious womb. Shak. Ensearch En*search" (?), v. i. [OF. encerchier. See Search.] To make search; to try to find something. [Obs.] -- v. t. To search for. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Enseel En*seel" (?), v. t. To close eyes of; to seel; -- said in reference to a hawk. [Obs.] Enseint En*seint" (?), a. (Law) With child; pregnant. See Enceinte. [Obs.] Ensemble En`sem"ble (?), n. [F.] The whole; all the parts taken together. Ensemble En`sem"ble, adv. [F.] All at once; together. Enshelter En*shel"ter (?), v. t. To shelter. [Obs.] Enshield En*shield" (?), v. t. To defend, as with a shield; to shield. [Archaic] Shak. Enshield En*shield", a. Shielded; enshielded. [Obs.] Shak. Enshrine En*shrine" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enshrined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enshrining.] To inclose in a shrine or chest; hence, to preserve or cherish as something sacred; as, to enshrine something in memory. We will enshrine it as holy relic. Massinger. Enshroud En*shroud" (?), v. t. To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to shroud. Churchill. Ensiferous En*sif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ensifer; ensis sword + ferre to bear: cf. F. ensif\'8are.] Bearing a sword. Ensiform En"si*form (?), a. [L. ensis sword + -form: cf. F. ensiforme.] Having the form of a sword blade; sword-shaped; as, an ensiform leaf. Ensiform cartilage, AND Ensiform process. (Anat.) See Xiphisternum. Ensign En"sign (?), n. [L. enseigne, L. insignia, pl. of insigne a distinctive mark, badge, flag; in + signum mark, sign. See Sign, and cf. Insignia, 3d Ancient.] 1. A flag; a banner; a standard; esp., the national flag, or a banner indicating nationality, carried by a ship or a body of soldiers; -- as distinguished from flags indicating divisions of the army, rank of naval officers, or private signals, and the like. Hang up your ensigns, let your drums be still. Shak. 2. A signal displayed like a standard, to give notice. He will lift an ensign to the nations from far. Is. v. 26. 3. Sign; badge of office, rank, or power; symbol. The ensigns of our power about we bear. Waller. 4. (a) Formerly, a commissioned officer of the army who carried the ensign or flag of a company or regiment. (b) A commissioned officer of the lowest grade in the navy, corresponding to the grade of second lieutenant in the army. Ham. Nav. Encyc. NOTE: &hand; In th e British army the rank of ensign was abolished in 1871. In the United States army the rank is not recognized; the regimental flags being carried by a sergeant called the color sergeant. Ensign bearer, one who carries a flag; an ensign. Ensign En"sign, v. t. 1. To designate as by an ensign. [Obs.] Henry but joined the roses that ensigned Particular families. B. Jonson. 2. To distinguish by a mark or ornament; esp. (Her.), by a crown; thus, any charge which has a crown immediately above or upon it, is said to be ensigned. Ensigncy En"sign*cy (?; 277), n.; pl. Ensigncies (. The rank or office of an ensign. Ensignship En"sign*ship, n. The state or rank of an ensign. Ensilage En"si*lage (?), n. [F.; pref. en- (L. in) + silo. See Silo.] 1. The process of preserving fodder (such as cornstalks, rye, oats, millet, etc.) by compressing it while green and fresh in a pit or vat called a silo, where it is kept covered from the air; as the ensilage of fodder. 2. The fodder preserved in a silo. Ensilage En"si*lage (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensilaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ensilaging (?).] To preserve in a silo; as, to ensilage cornstalks. Ensky En*sky" (?), v. t. To place in the sky or in heaven. [R.] "A thing enskied and sainted." Shak. Enslave En*slave" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enslaved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enslaving.] To reduce to slavery; to make a slave of; to subject to a dominant influence. The conquer'd, also, and enslaved by war, Shall, with their freedom lost, all virtue lose. Milton. Pleasure admitted in undue degree Enslaves the will. Cowper. Enslavedness En*slav"ed*ness (?), n. State of being enslaved. Enslavement En*slave"ment (?), n. The act of reducing to slavery; state of being enslaved; bondage; servitude. A fresh enslavement to their enemies. South. _________________________________________________________________ Page 496 Enslaver En*slav"er (?), n. One who enslaves. Swift. Ensnare En*snare" (?), v. t. To catch in a snare. See Insnare. Ensnarl En*snarl" (?), v. t. To entangle. [Obs.] Spenser. Ensober En*so"ber (?), v. t. To make sober. [Obs.] Sad accidents to ensober his spirits. Jer. Taylor. Ensoul En*soul" (?), v. t. To indue or imbue (a body) with soul. [R.] Emerson. Ensphere En*sphere" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + sphere. Cf. Insphere.] 1. To place in a sphere; to envelop. His ample shoulders in a cloud ensphered. Chapman. 2. To form into a sphere. Enstamp En*stamp" (?), v. t. To stamp; to mark as It is the motive . . . which enstamps the character. Gogan. Enstate En*state" (?), v. t. See Instate. Enstatite En"sta*tite (?), n. [Named fr. Gr. (Min.) A mineral of the pyroxene group, orthorhombic in crystallization; often fibrous and massive; color grayish white or greenish. It is a silicate of magnesia with some iron. Bronzite is a ferriferous variety. Enstatitic En`sta*tit"ic (?), a. Relating to enstatite. Enstore En*store" (?), v. t. [See Instaurate.] To restore. [Obs.] Wyclif. Enstyle En*style" (?), v. t. To style; to name. [Obs.] Ensuable En*su"a*ble (?), a. Ensuing; following. Ensue En*sue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ensuing.] [OF. ensevre, OF. & F. ensuivre, fr. L. insequi; in + sequi to pursue. See Sue.] To follow; to pursue; to follow and overtake. [Obs.] "Seek peace, and ensue it." 1 Pet. iii. 11. To ensue his example in doing the like mischief. Golding. Ensue En*sue", v. i. To follow or come afterward; to follow as a consequence or in chronological succession; to result; as, an ensuing conclusion or effect; the year ensuing was a cold one. So spoke the Dame, but no applause ensued. Pope. Damage to the mind or the body, or to both, ensues, unless the exciting cause be presently removed. I. Taylor. Syn. -- To follow; pursue; succeed. See Follow. Ensure En*sure" (?), v. t. 1. To make sure. See Insure. 2. To betroth. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Ensurer En*sur"er (?), n. See Insurer. Enswathe En*swathe" (?), v. t. To swathe; to envelop, as in swaddling clothes. Shak. Enswathement En*swathe"ment (?), n. The act of enswathing, or the state of being enswathed. Ensweep En*sweep" (?), v. t. To sweep over or across; to pass over rapidly. [R.] Thomson. Ent- Ent- (?). A prefix signifying within. See Ento-. -ent -ent (?). [F. -ent, L. -ens, -entis.] An adjective suffix signifying action or being; as, corrodent, excellent, emergent, continent, quiescent. See -ant. Entablature En*tab"la*ture (?; 135), n. [OF. entablature: cf. It intavolatura, fr. LL. intabulare to construct a basis; L. in + tabulatum board work, flooring, fr. tabula. See Table.] (Arch.) The superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns. See Illust. of Column, Cornice. NOTE: &hand; It is co mmonly di vided in to ar chitrave, the part immediately above the column; frieze, the central space; and cornice, the upper projecting moldings. Parker. Entablement En*tab"le*ment (?), n. [F. entablement, LL. intabulamentum.] See Entablature. [R.] Evelyn. Entackle En*tac"kle (?), v. t. To supply with tackle. [Obs.] Skelton. Entad En"tad (?), adv. [Ent- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.) Toward the inside or central part; away from the surface; -- opposed to ectad. B. G. Wilder. Entail En*tail" (?), n. [OE. entaile carving, OF. entaille, F., an incision, fr. entailler to cut away; pref. en- (L. in) + tailler to cut; LL. feudum talliatum a fee entailed, i. e., curtailed or limited. See Tail limitation, Tailor.] 1. That which is entailed. Hence: (Law) (a) An estate in fee entailed, or limited in descent to a particular class of issue. (b) The rule by which the descent is fixed. A power of breaking the ancient entails, and of alienating their estates. Hume. 2. Delicately carved ornamental work; intaglio. [Obs.] "A work of rich entail." Spenser. Entail En*tail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Entailing.] [OE. entailen to carve, OF. entailler. See Entail, n.] 1. To settle or fix inalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants or a certain line of descendants; -- said especially of an estate; to bestow as an heritage. Allowing them to entail their estates. Hume. I here entail The crown to thee and to thine heirs forever. Shak. 2. To appoint hereditary possessor. [Obs.] To entail him and his heirs unto the crown. Shak. 3. To cut or carve in a ornamental way. [Obs.] Entailed with curious antics. Spenser. Entailment En*tail"ment, n. 1. The act of entailing or of giving, as an estate, and directing the mode of descent. 2. The condition of being entailed. 3. A thing entailed. Brutality as an hereditary entailment becomes an ever weakening force. R. L. Dugdale. Ental En"tal (?), a. [See Ent-.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, central or deep parts; inner; -- opposed to ectal. B. G. Wilder. Entame En*tame" (?), v. t. To tame. [Obs.] Shak. Entangle En*tan"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entangling (?).] 1. To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily separated; to make tangled, confused, and intricate; as, to entangle yarn or the hair. 2. To involve in such complications as to render extrication a bewildering difficulty; hence, metaphorically, to insnare; to perplex; to bewilder; to puzzle; as, to entangle the feet in a net, or in briers. "Entangling alliances." Washington. The difficulties that perplex men's thoughts and entangle their understandings. Locke. Allowing her to entangle herself with a person whose future was so uncertain. Froude. Entanglement En*tan"gle*ment (?), n. State of being entangled; intricate and confused involution; that which entangles; intricacy; perplexity. Entangler En*tan"gler (?), n. One that entangles. Entasia En*ta"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Entasis.] (Med.) Tonic spasm; -- applied generically to denote any disease characterized by tonic spasms, as tetanus, trismus, etc. Entasis En"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. 1. (Arch.) A slight convex swelling of the shaft of a column. 2. (Med.) Same as Entasia. Entassment En*tass"ment (?), n. [F. entassement, fr. entasser to heap up.] A heap; accumulation. [R.] Entastic En*tas"tic (?), a. [Formed as if fr. (assumed) Gr. Entasis.] (Med.) Relating to any disease characterized by tonic spasms. Entelechy En*tel"e*chy (?), n. [L. entelechia, Gr. (Peripatetic Philos.) An actuality; a conception completely actualized, in distinction from mere potential existence. Entellus En*tel"lus (?), n. [NL., the specific name, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian long-tailed bearded monkey (Semnopithecus entellus) regarded as sacred by the natives. It is remarkable for the caplike arrangement of the hair on the head. Called also hoonoomaun and hungoor. Entend En*tend" (?), v. i. [F. entendre, fr. L. intendere. See Intend.] To attend to; to apply one's self to. [Obs.] Chaucer. Entender En*ten"der (?), v. t. 1. To make tender. [R.] Jer. Taylor. 2. To treat with tenderness. [R.] Young. Ententive En*ten"tive (?), a. [OF. ententif.] Attentive; zealous. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enter- En"ter- (?). [F. entre between, fr. L. inter. See Inter-] A prefix signifying between, among, part. Enter En"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entering.] [OE. entren, enteren, F. entrer, fr. L. intrare, fr. intro inward, contr. fr. intero (sc. loco), fr. inter in between, between. See Inter-, In, and cf. Interior.] 1. To come or go into; to pass into the interior of; to pass within the outer cover or shell of; to penetrate; to pierce; as, to enter a house, a closet, a country, a door, etc.; the river enters the sea. That darksome cave they enter. Spenser. I, . . . with the multitude of my redeemed, Shall enter heaven, long absent. Milton. 2. To unite in; to join; to be admitted to; to become a member of; as, to enter an association, a college, an army. 3. To engage in; to become occupied with; as, to enter the legal profession, the book trade, etc. 4. To pass within the limits of; to attain; to begin; to commence upon; as, to enter one's teens, a new era, a new dispensation. 5. To cause to go (into), or to be received (into); to put in; to insert; to cause to be admitted; as, to enter a knife into a piece of wood, a wedge into a log; to enter a boy at college, a horse for a race, etc. 6. To inscribe; to enroll; to record; as, to enter a name, or a date, in a book, or a book in a catalogue; to enter the particulars of a sale in an account, a manifest of a ship or of merchandise at the customhouse. 7. (Law) (a) To go into or upon, as lands, and take actual possession of them. (b) To place in regular form before the court, usually in writing; to put upon record in proper from and order; as, to enter a writ, appearance, rule, or judgment. Burrill. 8. To make report of (a vessel or her cargo) at the customhouse; to submit a statement of (imported goods), with the original invoices, to the proper officer of the customs for estimating the duties. See Entry, 4. 9. To file or inscribe upon the records of the land office the required particulars concerning (a quantity of public land) in order to entitle a person to a right pf pre\'89mption. [U.S.] Abbott. 10. To deposit for copyright the title or description of (a book, picture, map, etc.); as, "entered according to act of Congress." 11. To initiate; to introduce favorably. [Obs.] Shak. Enter En"ter, v. i. 1. To go or come in; -- often with in used pleonastically; also, to begin; to take the first steps. "The year entering." Evelyn. No evil thing approach nor enter in. Milton. Truth is fallen in the street, and equity can not enter. Is. lix. 14. For we which have believed do enter into rest. Heb. iv. 3. 2. To get admission; to introduce one's self; to penetrate; to form or constitute a part; to become a partaker or participant; to share; to engage; -- usually with into; sometimes with on or upon; as, a ball enters into the body; water enters into a ship; he enters into the plan; to enter into a quarrel; a merchant enters into partnership with some one; to enter upon another's land; the boy enters on his tenth year; to enter upon a task; lead enters into the composition of pewter. 3. To penetrate mentally; to consider attentively; -- with into. He is particularly pleased with . . . Sallust for his entering into internal principles of action. Addison. Enteradenography En`ter*ad`e*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A treatise upon, or description of, the intestinal glands. Enteradenology En`ter*ad`e*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of the glands of the alimentary canal. Enteralgia En`ter*al"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ent\'82ralgie.] (Med.) Pain in the intestines; colic. Enterdeal En"ter*deal` (?), n. [Enter- + deal.] Mutual dealings; intercourse. [Obs.] The enterdeal of princes strange. Spenser. Enterer En"ter*er (?), n. One who makes an entrance or beginning. A. Seward. Enteric En*ter"ic (?), a. [Gr. Enteritis.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the enteron, or alimentary canal; intestinal. Enteric fever (Med.), typhoid fever. Enteritis En`te*ri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) An inflammation of the intestines. Hoblyn. Enterlace En`ter*lace" (?), v. t. See Interlace. Entermete En`ter*mete" (?), v. i. [F. s'entremettre; entre between + mettre to place.] To interfere; to intermeddle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Entermewer En"ter*mew`er (?), n. [Enter- + mew to molt.] (Zo\'94l.) A hawk gradually changing the color of its feathers, commonly in the second year. Entermise En`ter*mise" (?), n. [F. entremise, fr. s'entremettre. See Entermete.] Mediation. [Obs.] Enterocele En"ter*o*cele` (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A hernial tumor whose contents are intestine. Enteroc\'d2le En"ter*o*c\'d2le` (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) A perivisceral cavity which arises as an outgrowth or outgrowths from the digestive tract; distinguished from a schizoc\'d2le, which arises by a splitting of the mesoblast of the embryo. Enterography En`ter*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] (Anat.) A treatise upon, or description of, the intestines; enterology. Enterolith En"ter*o*lith (?), n. [Gr. -lith.] (Med.) An intestinal concretion. Enterology En`ter*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ent\'82rologie.] The science which treats of the viscera of the body. Enteron En"te*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The whole alimentary, or enteric, canal. Enteropathy En`ter*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Disease of the intestines. Enteropneusta En`te*rop*neus"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of wormlike invertebrates having, along the sides of the body, branchial openings for the branchial sacs, which are formed by diverticula of the alimentary canal. Balanoglossus is the only known genus. See Illustration in Appendix. Enterorrhaphy En`ter*or"rha*phy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The operation of sewing up a rent in the intestinal canal. Enterotome En"ter*o*tome (?), n. [F. ent\'82rotome. See Enterotomy.] (Med.) A kind of scissors used for opening the intestinal canal, as in post-mortem examinations. Enterotomy En`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Incision of the intestines, especially in reducing certain cases of hernia. Enterparlance En`ter*par"lance (?), n. Mutual talk or conversation; conference. [Obs.] Sir J. Hayward. Enterplead En`ter*plead" (?), v. i. Same as Interplead. Enterprise En"ter*prise (?), n. [F. enterprise, fr. entreprendre to undertake; entre between (L. inter) + prendre to take. See Inter, and Emprise.] 1. That which is undertaken; something attempted to be performed; a work projected which involves activity, courage, energy, and the like; a bold, arduous, or hazardous attempt; an undertaking; as, a manly enterprise; a warlike enterprise. Shak. Their hands can not perform their enterprise. Job v. 12. 2. Willingness or eagerness to engage in labor which requires boldness, promptness, energy, and like qualities; as, a man of great enterprise. Enterprise En"ter*prise, v. t. 1. To undertake; to begin and attempt to perform; to venture upon. [R.] The business must be enterprised this night. Dryden. What would I not renounce or enterprise for you! T. Otway. 2. To treat with hospitality; to entertain. [Obs.] Him at the threshold met, and well did enterprise. Spenser. Enterprise En"ter*prise, v. i. To undertake an enterprise, or something hazardous or difficult. [R.] Pope. Enterpriser En"ter*pri`ser (?), n. One who undertakes enterprises. Sir J. Hayward. Enterprising En"ter*pri`sing (?), a. Having a disposition for enterprise; characterized by enterprise; resolute, active or prompt to attempt; as, an enterprising man or firm. -- En"ter*pri`sing*ly, adv. Entertain En`ter*tain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entertaining.] [F. entretenir; entre between (L. inter) + tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Tenable.] 1. To be at the charges of; to take or keep in one's service; to maintain; to support; to harbor; to keep. _________________________________________________________________ Page 497 You, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred. Shak. 2. To give hospitable reception and maintenance to; to receive at one's board, or into one's house; to receive as a guest. Be not forgetful to entertain strangers; for thereby some have entertained unawares. Heb. xiii. 2. 3. To engage the attention of agreeably; to amuse with that which makes the time pass pleasantly; to divert; as, to entertain friends with conversation, etc. The weary time she can not entertain. Shak. 4. To give reception to; to receive, in general; to receive and take into consideration; to admit, treat, or make use of; as, to entertain a proposal. I am not here going to entertain so large a theme as the philosophy of Locke. De Quincey. A rumor gained ground, -- and, however absurd, was entertained by some very sensible people. Hawthorne. 5. To meet or encounter, as an enemy. [Obs.] Shak. 6. To keep, hold, or maintain in the mind with favor; to keep in the mind; to harbor; to cherish; as, to entertain sentiments. 7. To lead on; to bring along; to introduce. [Obs.] To baptize all nations, and entertain them into the services institutions of the holy Jesus. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To amuse; divert; maintain. See Amuse. Entertain En`ter*tain" (?), v. i. To receive, or provide entertainment for, guests; as, he entertains generously. Entertain En`ter*tain", n. [Cf. F. entretien, fr. entretenir.] Entertainment. [Obs.] Spenser. Entertainer En`ter*tain"er (?), n. One who entertains. Entertaining En`ter*tain"ing, a. Affording entertainment; pleasing; amusing; diverting. -- En`ter*tain"ing*ly, adv. -- En`ter*tain"ing*ness, n. Entertainment En`ter*tain"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. entretenement.] 1. The act of receiving as host, or of amusing, admitting, or cherishing; hospitable reception; also, reception or treatment, in general. The entertainment of Christ by faith. Baxter. The sincere entertainment and practice of the precepts of the gospel. Bp. Sprat. 2. That which entertains, or with which one is entertained; as: (a) Hospitality; hospitable provision for the wants of a guest; especially, provision for the table; a hospitable repast; a feast; a formal or elegant meal. (b) That which engages the attention agreeably, amuses or diverts, whether in private, as by conversation, etc., or in public, by performances of some kind; amusement. Theatrical entertainments conducted with greater elegance and refinement. Prescott. 3. Admission into service; service. Some band of strangers in the adversary's entertainment. Shak. 4. Payment of soldiers or servants; wages. [Obs.] The entertainment of the general upon his first arrival was but six shillings and eight pence. Sir J. Davies. Syn. -- Amusement; diversion; recreation; pastime; sport; feast; banquet; repast; carousal. Entertake En`ter*take" (?), v. t. To entertain. [Obs.] Entertissued En`ter*tis"sued (?), a. Same as Intertissued. Entheal, Enthean En"the*al (?), En"the*an (?), a. [Gr. Divinely inspired; wrought up to enthusiasm. [Obs.] Entheasm En"the*asm (?), n. Inspiration; enthusiasm. [R.] "Religious entheasm." Byron. Entheastic En`the*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. Entheal.] Of godlike energy; inspired. -- En`the*as"tic*al*ly (#), adv. Entheat En"the*at (?), a. [Cf. L. entheatus, fr. Gr. Divinely inspired. [Obs.] Drummond. Enthelmintha, Enthelminthes En`thel*min"tha (?), En`thel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Intestinal worms. See Helminthes. Entheic En*the"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Caused by a morbifie virus implanted in the system; as, an enthetic disease like syphilis. Enthrall En*thrall" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + thrall. Cf. Inthrall.] [Written also enthral.] To hold in thrall; to enslave. See Inthrall. The bars survive the captive they enthrall. Byron. Enthrallment En*thrall"ment (?), n. The act of enthralling, or state of being enthralled. See Inthrallment. Enthrill En*thrill" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + thrill.] To pierce; to thrill. [Obs.] Sackville. Enthrone En*throne" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + throne: cf. OF. enthroner. Cf. Inthronize.] 1. To seat on a throne; to exalt to the seat of royalty or of high authority; hence, to invest with sovereign authority or dignity. Beneath a sculptured arch he sits enthroned. Pope. It [mercy] is enthroned in the hearts of kings. Shak. 2. (Eccl.) To induct, as a bishop, into the powers and privileges of a vacant see. Enthronement En*throne"ment (?), n. The act of enthroning, or state of being enthroned. [Recent] Enthronization En*thron`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of enthroning; hence, the admission of a bishop to his stall or throne in his cathedral. Enthronize En*thron"ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enthronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enthronizing (?).] [See Inthronize.] To place on a throne; hence, to induct into office, as a bishop. There openly enthronized as the very elected king. Knolles. Enthuse En*thuse" (?), v. t. & i. To make or become enthusiastic. [Slang] Enthusiasm En*thu"si*asm (?), n. [Gr. enthousiasme. See Entheal, Theism.] 1. Inspiration as if by a divine or superhuman power; ecstasy; hence, a conceit of divine possession and revelation, or of being directly subject to some divine impulse. Enthusiasm is founded neither on reason nor divine revelation, but rises from the conceits of a warmed or overweening imagination. Locke. 2. A state of impassioned emotion; transport; elevation of fancy; exaltation of soul; as, the poetry of enthusiasm. Resolutions adopted in enthusiasm are often repented of when excitement has been succeeded by the wearing duties of hard everyday routine. Froude. Exhibiting the seeming contradiction of susceptibility to enthusiasm and calculating shrewdness. Bancroft. 3. Enkindled and kindling fervor of soul; strong excitement of feeling on behalf of a cause or a subject; ardent and imaginative zeal or interest; as, he engaged in his profession with enthusiasm. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. Emerson. 4. Lively manifestation of joy or zeal. Philip was greeted with a tumultuous enthusiasm. Prescott. Enthusiast En*thu"si*ast (?), n. [Gr. enthousiaste.] One moved or actuated by enthusiasm; as: (a) One who imagines himself divinely inspired, or possessed of some special revelation; a religious madman; a fanatic. (b) One whose mind is wholly possessed and heated by what engages it; one who is influenced by a peculiar; fervor of mind; an ardent and imaginative person. Enthusiasts soon understand each other. W. Irving. Syn. -- Visionary; fanatic; devotee; zealot. Enthusiastic, Enthusiastical En*thu`si*as"tic (?), En*thu`si*as"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. Filled with enthusiasm; characterized by enthusiasm; zealous; as, an enthusiastic lover of art. "Enthusiastical raptures." Calamy. -- En*thu`si*as"tic*al*ly, adv. A young man . . . of a visionary and enthusiastic character. W. Irving. Enthusiastic En*thu`si*as"tic, n. An enthusiast; a zealot. [Obs.] Enthymematic, Enthymematical En`thy*me*mat"ic (?), En`thy*me*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to, or of the form of, an enthymeme. Enthymeme En"thy*meme (?), n. [Gr. (Logic) An argument consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent and consequent deduced from it; a syllogism with one premise omitted; as, We are dependent; therefore we should be humble. Here the major proposition is suppressed. The complete syllogism would be, Dependent creatures should be humble; we are dependent creatures; therefore we should be humble. Entice En*tice" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enticing (?).] [OE. entisen, enticen, OF. enticier, entichier; pref. en- (L. in) + a word of uncertain origin, cf. OF. atisier to stir a fire, provoke, L. titio firebrand, or MHG. zicken to push.] To draw on, by exciting hope or desire; to allure; to attract; as, the bait enticed the fishes. Often in a bad sense: To lead astray; to induce to evil; to tempt; as, the sirens enticed them to listen. Roses blushing as they blow, And enticing men to pull. Beau. & Fl. My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not. Prov. i. 10. Go, and thine erring brother gain, Entice him home to be forgiven. Keble. Syn. -- To allure; lure; coax; decoy; seduce; tempt; inveigle; incite; persuade; prevail on. See Allure. Enticeable En*tice"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enticed. Enticement En*tice"ment (?), n. [OF. enticement.] 1. The act or practice of alluring or tempting; as, the enticements of evil companions. 2. That which entices, or incites to evil; means of allurement; alluring object; as, an enticement to sin. Syn. -- Allurement; attraction; temptation; seduction; inveiglement; persuasion; inducement. Enticer En*ti"cer (?), n. One who entices; one who incites or allures to evil. Burton. Enticing En*ti"cing (?), a. That entices; alluring. Enticingly En*ti"cing*ly, adv. In an enticing manner; charmingly. "She . . . sings most enticingly." Addison. Entierty En*tier"ty (?), n. See Entirety. [Obs.] Entire En*tire" (?), a. [F. entier, L. integer untouched, undiminished, entire; pref. in-, negative + the root of tangere to touch. See Tangent, and cf. Integer.] 1. Complete in all parts; undivided; undiminished; whole; full and perfect; not deficient; as, the entire control of a business; entire confidence, ignorance. That ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing. James i. 4. With strength entire and free will armed. Milton. One entire and perfect chrysolite. Shak. 2. Without mixture or alloy of anything; unqualified; morally whole; pure; faithful. Pure fear and entire cowardice. Shak. No man had ever a heart more entire to the king. Clarendon. 3. (Bot.) (a) Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla. (b) Having an evenly continuous edge, as a leaf which has no kind of teeth. 4. Not gelded; -- said of a horse. 5. Internal; interior. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. -- See Whole, and Radical. Entire En*tire", n. 1. Entirely. "Too long to print in entire." Thackeray. 2. (Brewing) A name originally given to a kind of beer combining qualities of different kinds of beer. [Eng.] "Foker's Entire." Thackeray. Entirely En*tire"ly, adv. 1. In an entire manner; wholly; completely; fully; as, the trace is entirely lost. Euphrates falls not entirely into the Persian Sea. Raleigh. 2. Without alloy or mixture; truly; sincerely. To highest God entirely pray. Spenser. Entireness En*tire"ness (?), n. 1. The state or condition of being entire; completeness; fullness; totality; as, the entireness of an arch or a bridge. This same entireness or completeness. Trench. 2. Integrity; wholeness of heart; honesty. [R.] Entireness in preaching the gospel. Udall. 3. Oneness; unity; -- applied to a condition of intimacy or close association. [Obs.] True Christian love may be separated from acquaintance, and acquaintance from entireness. Bp. Hall. Entirety En*tire"ty (?), n.; pl. Entireness (#). [OF. entieret\'82. Cf. Integrity.] 1. The state of being entire; completeness; as, entirely of interest. Blackstone. 2. That which is entire; the whole. Bacon. Entitative En"ti*ta*tive (?), a. [See Entity.] Considered as pure entity; abstracted from all circumstances. Ellis. -- En"ti*ta*tive*ly, adv. Entitle En*ti"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entitled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entitling (?).] [OF. entituler, F. intituler, LL. intitulare, fr. L. in + titulus title. See Title, and cf. Intitule.] 1. To give a title to; to affix to as a name or appellation; hence, also, to dignify by an honorary designation; to denominate; to call; as, to entitle a book "Commentaries;" to entitle a man "Honorable." That which . . . we entitle patience. Shak. 2. To give a claim to; to qualify for, with a direct object of the person, and a remote object of the thing; to furnish with grounds for seeking or claiming with success; as, an officer's talents entitle him to command. 3. To attribute; to ascribe. [Obs.] The ancient proverb . . . entitles this work . . . peculiarly to God himself. Milton. Syn. -- To name; designate; style; characterize; empower; qualify; enable; fit. Entitule En*tit"ule (?), v. t. [See Entitle.] To entitle. B. Jonson. Entity En"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Entities (#). [LL. entitas, fr. L. ens, entis, thing, prop. p. pr. of esse to be: cf. F. entit\'82. See Essence, Is.] A real being, whether in thought (as an ideal conception) or in fact; being; essence; existence. Self-subsisting entities, such as our own personality. Shairp. Fortune is no real entity, . . . but a mere relative signification. Bentley. Ento- En"to- (?). [Gr. In.] A combining form signifying within; as, entoblast. Entoblast En"to*blast (?), n. [Ento- + -blast.] (Biol.) The inner germ layer; endoderm. See Nucleolus. Entobronchium En`to*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Entobronchia (#). [See Ento-, and Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds. Entocuneiform, Entocuniform En`to*cu*ne"i*form (?), En`to*cu"ni*form (?), n. [Ento- + cuneiform, cuniform.] (Anat.) One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform. Entoderm En"to*derm (?), n. [Ento- + Gr. (Biol.) See Endoderm, and Illust. of Blastoderm. Entodermal, Entodermic En`to*der"mal (?), En`to*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to the entoderm. Entogastric En`to*gas"tric (?), a. [Ento- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the interior of the stomach; -- applied to a mode of budding from the interior of the gastric cavity, in certain hydroids. Entogenous En*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Ento- + -genous.] (Biol.) See Endogenous. Entoglossal En`to*glos"sal (?), a. [Ento- + Gr. (Anat.) Within the tongue; -- applied to the glossohyal bone. Entoil En*toil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entoiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entoiling.] To take with toils or bring into toils; to insnare. [R.] Entoiled in woofed phantasies. Keats. Entomb En*tomb" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entombing.] [Pref. en- + tomb: cf. OF. entomber.] To deposit in a tomb, as a dead body; to bury; to inter; to inhume. Hooker. Entombment En*tomb"ment (?), n. The act of entombing or burying, or state of being entombed; burial. Barrow. Entomere En"to*mere (?), n. [Ento- + -mere.] (Biol.) The more granular cells, which finally become internal, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals. Entomic, Entomical En*tom"ic (?), En*tom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Entomology.] (Zo\'94l.) Relating to insects; entomological. Entomoid En"to*moid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling an insect. -- n. An object resembling an insect. Entomolin En*tom"o*lin (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) See Chitin. Entomolite En*tom"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil insect. Entomologic, Entomological En`to*mo*log"ic (?), En`to*mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. entomologique.] Of or relating to entomology. -- En`to*mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Entomologist En`to*mol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. entomologiste.] One versed in entomology. Entomologize En`to*mol"o*gize (?), v. i. To collect specimens in the study of entomology. C. Kingsley. Entomology En`to*mol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Entomologies (#). [Gr. 'e`ntomon insect (so called because nearly cut in two, fr. 'e`ntomos cut in; 'en in + te`mnein to cut) + -logy: cf. F. entomologie. See In, and Tome, and cf. Insect.] 1. That part of zo\'94logy which treats of insects. 2. A treatise on the science of entomology. Entomophaga En`to*moph"a*ga (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ntomon an insect + fagei^n to eat.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. One of a group of hymenopterous insects whose larv\'91 feed parasitically upon living insects. See Ichneumon, 2. 2. A group of marsupials which are partly insectivorous, as the opossum. 3. A group of edentates, including the ant-eaters. _________________________________________________________________ Page 498 Entomophagan En`to*moph"a*gan (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating to the Entomophaga. -- n. One of the Entomophaga. Entomophagous En`to*moph"a*gous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Feeding on insects; insectivorous. Entomophilous En`to*moph"i*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Fertilized by the agency of insects; -- said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by insects. Entomostraca En`to*mos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the subclasses of Crustacea, including a large number of species, many of them minute. The group embraces several orders; as the Phyllopoda, Ostracoda, Copepoda, and Pectostraca. See Copepoda, Phyllopoda, and Cladocera. Entomostracan En`to*mos"tra*can (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating to the Entomostraca. -- n. One of the Entomostraca. Entomostracous En`to*mos"tra*cous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Entomostracans. Entomotomist En`to*mot"o*mist (?), n. One who practices entomotomy. Entomotomy En`to*mot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The science of the dissection of insects. Entonic En*ton"ic (?), a. [Gr. Entasis.] (Med.) Having great tension, or exaggerated action. Dunglison. Entoperipheral En`to*pe*riph"er*al (?), a. [Ento- + peripheral.] (Physiol.) Being, or having its origin, within the external surface of the body; -- especially applied to feelings, such as hunger, produced by internal disturbances. Opposed to epiperipheral. Entophyte En"to*phyte (?), n. [Ento- + Gr. (Med.) A vegetable parasite subsisting in the interior of the body. Entophytic En`to*phyt"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to entophytes; as, an entophytic disease. Entoplasm En"to*plasm (?), n. [Ento- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The inner granular layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum. (b) Endosarc. Entoplastic En`to*plas"tic (?), a. [Ento- + Gr. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or composed of, entoplasm; as, the entoplastic products of some Protozoa, or the entoplastic modification of the cell protoplasm, by which a nucleus is produced. Entoplastron En`to*plas"tron (?), n.; pl. Entoplastra (#). [Ento- + plastron.] (Anat.) The median plate of the plastron of turtles; -- called also entosternum. Entoprocta En`to*proc"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Bryozoa in which the anus is within the circle of tentacles. See Pedicellina. Entoptic Ent*op"tic (?), a. [Ent- + optic.] (Physiol.) Relating to objects situated within the eye; esp., relating to the perception of objects in one's own eye. Entorganism Ent*or"gan*ism (?), n. [Ent- + organism.] (Biol.) An internal parasitic organism. Entortilation En*tor`ti*la"tion (?), n. [F. entortiller to twist; pref. en- (L. in) + tortiller to twist.] A turning into a circle; round figures. [Obs.] Donne. Entosternum En`to*ster"num (?), n.; pl. Entosterna (#). [NL. See Ento-, and Sternum.] (Anat.) See Entoplastron. -- En`to*ster"nal (#), a. Entosthoblast En*tos"tho*blast (?), n. [Gr. 'e`ntosthe from within + -blast.] (Biol.) The granule within the nucleolus or entoblast of a nucleated cell. Agassiz. Entothorax En`to*tho"rax (?), n. [Ento- + thorax.] (Zo\'94l.) See Endothorax. Entotic Ent*ot"ic (?), a. [Ent- + Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to the interior of the ear. Entozoa En`to*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) 1. A group of worms, including the tapeworms, flukes, roundworms, etc., most of which live parasitically in the interior of other animals; the Helminthes. 2. An artificial group, including all kinds of animals living parasitically in others. Entozoal, Entozoic En`to*zo"al (?), En`to*zo"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, the Entozoa. Entozo\'94logist En`to*zo*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. [Entozo\'94n + -logy + -ist.] One versed in the science of the Entozoa. Entozo\'94n En`to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Entozoa (#). [NL. See Entozoa.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Entozoa. Entr'acte En`tr'acte" (?), n. [F. Cf. Interact.] 1. The interval of time which occurs between the performance of any two acts of a drama. 2. A dance, piece of music, or interlude, performed between two acts of a drama. Entrail En*trail" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + OF. treiller to grate, lattice, F. treille vine, arbor. See Trellis.] To interweave; to intertwine. [Obs.] Spenser. Entrail En*trail", n. Entanglement; fold. [Obs.] Spenser. Entrails En"trails (?), n. pl. [F. entrailles, LL. intralia, intranea, fr. interaneum, pl. interanea, intestine, interaneus inward, interior, fr. inter between, among, within. See Internal.] 1. The internal parts of animal bodies; the bowels; the guts; viscera; intestines. 2. The internal parts; as, the entrails of the earth. That treasure . . . hid the dark entrails of America. Locke. Entrain En*train" (?), v. t. [F. entrainer.] To draw along as a current does; as, water entrained by steam. Entrain En*train", v. t. [Pref. en- + train.] To put aboard a railway train; as, to entrain a regiment. [Recent, Eng.] Entrain En*train", v. i. To go aboard a railway train; as, the troops entrained at the station. [Recent, Eng.] Entrammel En*tram"mel (?), v. t. [See Trammel.] To trammel; to entangle. Bp. Hacket. Entrance En"trance (?), n. [OF. entrance, fr. OF. & F. entrant, p. pr. of entrer to enter. See Enter.] 1. The act of entering or going into; ingress; as, the entrance of a person into a house or an apartment; hence, the act of taking possession, as of property, or of office; as, the entrance of an heir upon his inheritance, or of a magistrate into office. 2. Liberty, power, or permission to enter; as, to give entrance to friends. Shak. 3. The passage, door, or gate, for entering. Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city. Judg. i. 24. 4. The entering upon; the beginning, or that with which the beginning is made; the commencement; initiation; as, a difficult entrance into business. "Beware of entrance to a quarrel." Shak. St. Augustine, in the entrance of one of his discourses, makes a kind of apology. Hakewill. 5. The causing to be entered upon a register, as a ship or goods, at a customhouse; an entering; as, his entrance of the arrival was made the same day. 6. (Naut.) (a) The angle which the bow of a vessel makes with the water at the water line. Ham. Nav. Encyc. (b) The bow, or entire wedgelike forepart of a vessel, below the water line. Totten. Entrance En*trance" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entrancing (?).] [Pref. en- + trance.] 1. To put into a trance; to make insensible to present objects. Him, still entranced and in a litter laid, They bore from field and to the bed conveyed. Dryden. 2. To put into an ecstasy; to ravish with delight or wonder; to enrapture; to charm. And I so ravished with her heavenly note, I stood entranced, and had no room for thought. Dryden. Entrancement En*trance"ment (?), n. The act of entrancing, or the state of trance or ecstasy. Otway. Entrant En"trant (?), n. [See Entrance, n.] 1. One who enters; a beginner. "The entrant upon life." Bp. Terrot. 2. An applicant for admission. Stormonth. Entrap En*trap" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entrapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entrapping.] [Pref. en- + trap: cf. OF. entraper.] To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a trap, by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to catch or involve in contradictions; as, to be entrapped by the devices of evil men. A golden mesh, to entrap the hearts of men. Shak. Syn. -- To insnare; inveigle; tangle; decoy; entangle. Entreat En*treat" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Entreating.] [OE. entreten to treat, request, OF. entraiter to treat of; pref. en- (L. in) + traitier to treat. See Treat.] 1. To treat, or conduct toward; to deal with; to use. [Obs.] Fairly let her be entreated. Shak. I will cause the enemy to entreat thee well. Jer. xv. 11. 2. To treat with, or in respect to, a thing desired; hence, to ask earnestly; to beseech; to petition or pray with urgency; to supplicate; to importune. "Entreat my wife to come." "I do entreat your patience." Shak. I must entreat of you some of that money. Shak. Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door. Poe. Isaac entreated the Lord for his wife. Gen. xxv. 21. 3. To beseech or supplicate successfully; to prevail upon by prayer or solicitation; to persuade. It were a fruitless attempt to appease a power whom no prayers could entreat. Rogers. 4. To invite; to entertain. [Obs.] "Pleasures to entreat." Spenser. Syn. -- To beseech; beg; solicit; crave; implore; supplicate. See Beseech. Entreat En*treat", v. i. 1. To treat or discourse; hence, to enter into negotiations, as for a treaty. [Obs.] Of which I shall have further occasion to entreat. Hakewill. Alexander . . . was first that entreated of true peace with them. 1 Mac. x. 47. 2. To make an earnest petition or request. The Janizaries entreated for them as valiant men. Knolles. Entreat En*treat", n. Entreaty. [Obs.] Ford. Entreatable En*treat"a*ble (?), a. That may be entreated. Entreatance En*treat"ance (?), n. Entreaty. [Obs.] Fairfax. Entreater En*treat"er (?), n. One who entreats; one who asks earnestly; a beseecher. Entreatful En*treat"ful (?), a. Full of entreaty. [R.] See Intreatful. Entreatingly En*treat"ing*ly, adv. In an entreating manner. Entreative En*treat"ive (?), a. Used in entreaty; pleading. [R.] "Entreative phrase." A. Brewer. Entreatment En*treat"ment (?), n. Entreaty; invitation. [Obs.] Shak. Entreaty En*treat"y, n.; pl. Entreaties (. 1. Treatment; reception; entertainment. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. The act of entreating or beseeching; urgent prayer; earnest petition; pressing solicitation. Fair entreaty, and sweet blandishment. Spenser. Syn. -- Solicitation; request; suit; supplication; importunity. Entr\'82e En`tr\'82e" (?), n. [F. See Entry.] 1. A coming in, or entrance; hence, freedom of access; permission or right to enter; as, to have the entr\'82e of a house. 2. (Cookery) In French usage, a dish served at the beginning of dinner to give zest to the appetite; in English usage, a side dish, served with a joint, or between the courses, as a cutlet, scalloped oysters, etc. Entremets En`tre*mets" (?), n. sing. & pl. [F., fr. entre between + mets a dish, mess.] 1. (Cookery) A side dish; a dainty or relishing dish usually eaten after the joints or principal dish; also, a sweetmeat, served with a dinner. 2. Any small entertainment between two greater ones. [R.] Entrench En*trench" (?), v. t. See Intrench. Entrep\'93t En`tre*p\'93t" (?), n. [F.] A warehouse; a magazine for depositing goods, stores, etc.; a mart or place where merchandise is deposited; as, an entrep\'93t for shipping goods in transit. Entrepreneur En`tre*pre*neur" (?), n. [F. See Enterprise.] (Polit. Econ.) One who creates a product on his own account; whoever undertakes on his own account an industrial enterprise in which workmen are employed. F. A. Walker. Entresol En`tre*sol" (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) A low story between two higher ones, usually between the ground floor and the first story; mezzanine. Parker. Entrick En*trick" (?), v. t. [Cf. OE. entriken to perplex, OF. entriquer. Cf. Trick, Intrigue.] To trick, to perplex. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Entrochal En"tro*chal (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, entrochites, or the joints of encrinites; -- used of a kind of stone or marble. Entrochite En"tro*chite (?), n. [Pref. en- + Gr. (Paleon.) A fossil joint of a crinoid stem. Entropion En*tro"pi*on (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Entropium. Entropium En*tro"pi*um (?), n. [NL. See Entropy.] (Med.) The inversion or turning in of the border of the eyelids. Entropy En"tro*py (?), n. [Gr. (Thermodynamics) A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h . The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function. The entropy of the universe tends towards a maximum. Clausius. Entrust En*trust" (?), v. t. See Intrust. Entry En"try (?), n.; pl. Entries (#). [OE. entree, entre, F. entr\'82e, fr. entrer to enter. See Enter, and cf. Entr\'82e.] 1. The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea; the entry of air into the blood; an entry upon an undertaking. 2. The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry of a sale; also, that which is entered; an item. A notary made an entry of this act. Bacon. 3. That by which entrance is made; a passage leading into a house or other building, or to a room; a vestibule; an adit, as of a mine. A straight, long entry to the temple led. Dryden. 4. (Com.) The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the customhouse, to procure license to land goods; or the giving an account of a ship's cargo to the officer of the customs, and obtaining his permission to land the goods. See Enter, v. t., 8, and Entrance, n., 5. 5. (Law) (a) The actual taking possession of lands or tenements, by entering or setting foot on them. (b) A putting upon record in proper form and order. (c) The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the offense or burglary. Burrill. Bill of entry. See under Bill. -- Double entry, Single entry. See Bookkeeping. -- Entry clerk (Com.), a clerk who makes the original entries of transactions in a business. -- Writ of entry (Law), a writ issued for the purpose of obtaining possession of land from one who has unlawfully entered and continues in possession. Bouvier. Entryng En"tryng (?), n. Am entrance. [Obs.] So great an entryng and so large. Chaucer. Entune En*tune" (?), v. t. To tune; to intone. Chaucer. Entwine En*twine" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + twine. Cf. Intwine.] To twine, twist, or wreathe together or round. [Written also intwine.] Entwined in duskier wreaths her braided locks. Shelley. Thy glorious household stuff did me entwine. Herbert. Entwine En*twine", v. i. To be twisted or twined. With whose imperial laurels might entwine no cypress. De Quincey. Entwinement En*twine"ment (?), n. A twining or twisting together or round; union. Bp. Hacket. Entwist En*twist" (?), v. t. To twist or wreathe round; to intwine. Shak. Enubilate E*nu"bi*late (?), v. t. [L. enubilatus, p. p. of enubilare to enubilate; e out + nubila clouds, fr. nubilis cloudy, nubes cloud.] To clear from mist, clouds, or obscurity. [R.] Bailey. Enubilous E*nu"bi*lous (?), a. [See Enubilate.] Free from fog, mist, or clouds; clear. [R.] Enucleate E*nu"cle*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enucleated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enucleating (?).] [L. enucleatus, p. p. of enucleare to enucleate; e out + nucleus kernel.] 1. To bring or peel out, as a kernel from its enveloping husks its enveloping husks or shell. 2. (Med.) To remove without cutting (as a tumor). 3. To bring to light; to make clear. Sclater (1654). Enucleation E*nu`cle*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82nucl\'82ation.] The act of enucleating; elucidation; exposition. Neither sir, nor water, nor food, seem directly to contribute anything to the enucleation of this disease. Tooke. Enumerate E*nu"mer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enumerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enumerating (?).] [L. enumeratus, p. p. of enumerare to count out, enumerate; e out + numerare to count, fr. numerus number. See Number.] To count; to tell by numbers; to count over, or tell off one after another; to number; to reckon up; to mention one by one; to name over; to make a special and separate account of; to recount; as, to enumerate the stars in a constellation. Enumerating the services he had done. Ludlow. Syn. -- To reckon; compute; calculate; count; estimate; relate; rehearse; recapitulate; detail. _________________________________________________________________ Page 499 Enumeration E*nu`mer*a"tion (?), n. [L. enumeratio: cf. F. \'82num\'82ration.] 1. The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or recounting. 2. A detailed account, in which each thing is specially noticed. Because almost every man we meet possesses these, we leave them out of our enumeration. Paley. 3. (Rhet.) A recapitulation, in the peroration, of the heads of an argument. Enumerative E*nu"mer*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82num\'82ratif.] Counting, or reckoning up, one by one. Enumerative of the variety of evils. Jer. Taylor. Enumerator E*nu"mer*a`tor (?), n. One who enumerates. Enunciable E*nun"ci*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enunciated or expressed. Enunciate E*nun"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enunciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enunciating (?).] [L. enuntiatus, -ciatus, p. p. of enuntiare, -ciare. See Enounce.] 1. To make a formal statement of; to announce; to proclaim; to declare, as a truth. The terms in which he enunciates the great doctrines of the gospel. Coleridge. 2. To make distinctly audible; to utter articulately; to pronounce; as, to enunciate a word distinctly. Enunciate E*nun"ci*ate, v. i. To utter words or syllables articulately. Enunciation E*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n. [L. enuntiatio, -ciatio.] 1. The act of enunciating, announcing, proclaiming, or making known; open attestation; declaration; as, the enunciation of an important truth. By way of interpretation and enunciation. Jer. Taylor. 2. Mode of utterance or pronunciation, especially as regards fullness and distinctness or articulation; as, to speak with a clear or impressive enunciation. 3. That which is enunciated or announced; words in which a proposition is expressed; an announcement; a formal declaration; a statement. Every intelligible enunciation must be either true or false. A. Clarke. Enunciative E*nun"ci*a*tive (?), a. [L. enuntiativus, -ciativus.] Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation; declarative. Ayliffe. -- E*nun"ci*a*tive*ly, adv. Enunciator E*nun"ci*a`tor (?), n. [L. enuntiator, enunciator.] One who enunciates or proclaims. Enunciatory E*nun"ci*a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation or utterance. Enure En*ure" (?), v. t. See Inure. Enuresis En`u*re"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence of urine. Envassal En*vas"sal (?), v. t. To make a vassal of. [Obs.] Envault En*vault" (?), v. t. To inclose in a vault; to entomb. [R.] Swift. Enveigle En*vei"gle (?), v. t. To entice. See Inveigle. Envelop En*vel"op (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enveloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enveloping.] [OE. envolupen, envolipen, OF. envoluper, envoleper, F. envelopper; pref. en- (L. in) + voluper, voleper. See Develop.] To put a covering about; to wrap up or in; to inclose within a case, wrapper, integument or the like; to surround entirely; as, to envelop goods or a letter; the fog envelops a ship. Nocturnal shades this world envelop. J. Philips. Envelope; 277, Envelop En"vel*ope (?; 277), En*vel"op (?; 277), n. [F. enveloppe.] 1. That which envelops, wraps up, encases, or surrounds; a wrapper; an inclosing cover; esp., the cover or wrapper of a document, as of a letter. 2. (Astron.) The nebulous covering of the head or nucleus of a comet; -- called also coma. 3. (Fort.) A work of earth, in the form of a single parapet or of a small rampart. It is sometimes raised in the ditch and sometimes beyond it. Wilhelm. 4. (Geom.) A curve or surface which is tangent to each member of a system of curves or surfaces, the form and position of the members of the system being allowed to vary according to some continuous law. Thus, any curve is the envelope of its tangents. <-- 4. A set of limits for the performance capabilities of some type of machine, originally used to refer to aircraft. Now also used metaphorically to refer to capabilities of any system in general, including human organizations, esp. in the phrase push the envelope. It is used to refer to the maximum performance available at the current state of the technology, and therefore refers to a class of machines in general, not a specific machine. push the envelope Increase the capability of some type of machine or system; -- usu. by technological development. --> Envelopment En*vel"op*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. enveloppement.] 1. The act of enveloping or wrapping; an inclosing or covering on all sides. 2. That which envelops or surrounds; an envelop. Envenime En*ven"ime (?), v. t. To envenom. [Obs.] Envenom En*ven"om (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envenomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Envenoming.] [OE. envenimen, F. envenimer; pref. en- (L. in) + F. venin poison. See Venom.] 1. To taint or impregnate with venom, or any substance noxious to life; to poison; to render dangerous or deadly by poison, as food, drink, a weapon; as, envenomed meat, wine, or arrow; also, to poison (a person) by impregnating with venom. Alcides . . . felt the envenomed robe. Milton. O, what a world is this, when what is comely Envenoms him that bears it! Shak. 2. To taint or impregnate with bitterness, malice, or hatred; to imbue as with venom; to imbitter. The envenomed tongue of calumny. Smollett. On the question of slavery opinion has of late years been peculiarly envenomed. Sir G. C. Lewis. Envermeil En*ver"meil (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + vermeil: cf. OF. envermeiller. See Vermil.] To color with, or as with, vermilion; to dye red. [Obs.] Milton. Enviable En"vi*a*ble (?), a. [From Envy.] Fitted to excite envy; capable of awakening an ardent desire to posses or to resemble. One of most enviable of human beings. Macaulay. -- En"vi*a*ble*ness, n. -- En"vi*a*bly, adv. Envie En*vie" (?), v. i. [See Vie.] To vie; to emulate; to strive. [Obs.] Spenser. Envier En"vi*er (?), n. One who envies; one who desires inordinately what another possesses. Envigor En*vig"or (?), v. t. To invigorate. [Obs.] Envious En"vi*ous (?), a. [OF. envios, F. envieux, fr. L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Invidious.] 1. Malignant; mischievous; spiteful. [Obs.] Each envious brier his weary legs doth scratch. Shak. 2. Feeling or exhibiting envy; actuated or directed by, or proceeding from, envy; -- said of a person, disposition, feeling, act, etc.; jealously pained by the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging; -- followed by of, at, and against; as, an envious man, disposition, attack; envious tongues. My soul is envious of mine eye. Keble. Neither be thou envious at the wicked. Prov. xxiv. 19. 3. Inspiring envy. [Obs. or Poetic] He to him leapt, and that same envious gage Of victor's glory from him snatched away. Spenser. 4. Excessively careful; cautious. [Obs.] No men are so envious of their health. Jer. Taylor. -- En"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- En"vi*ous*ness, n. Environ En*vi"ron (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Environed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Environing.] [F. environner, fr. environ about, thereabout; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. viron circle, circuit, fr. OF. & F. virer to turn, LL. virare to turn up and down, topsy-turvy. Cf. Veer.] To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be round about; to involve or envelop. Dwelling in a pleasant glade, With mountains round about environed. Spenser. Environed he was with many foes. Shak. Environ me with darkness whilst I write. Donne. Environ En*vi"ron, adv. [F.] About; around. [Obs.] Lord Godfrey's eye three times environ goes. Fairfax. Environment En*vi"ron*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. environnement.] 1. Act of environing; state of being environed. 2. That which environs or surrounds; surrounding conditions, influences, or forces, by which living forms are influenced and modified in their growth and development. It is no friendly environment, this of thine. Carlyle. Environs En*vi"rons (?; 277), n. pl. [F.] The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in its neighborhood; suburbs; as, the environs of a city or town. Chesterfield. Envisage En*vis"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envisaged (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Envisaging (?).] [F. envisager; pref. en- (L. in) + visage face, visage. See Visage.] To look in the face of; to apprehend; to regard. [R.] Keats. From the very dawn of existence the infant must envisage self, and body acting on self. McCosh. Envisagement En*vis"age*ment (?), n. The act of envisaging. Envolume En*vol"ume (?), v. t. To form into, or incorporate with, a volume. [R.] Envolup En*vol"up (?), v. t. [See Envelop.] To wrap up; to envelop. [Obs.] Chaucer. Envoy En"voy (?), n. [F. envoy\'82 envoy, fr. envoyer to send; pref. en- (L. in) + voie way, L. via: cf. F. envoi an envoy (in sense 2). See Voyage, and cf. Invoice.] 1. One dispatched upon an errand or mission; a messenger; esp., a person deputed by a sovereign or a government to negotiate a treaty, or transact other business, with a foreign sovereign or government; a minister accredited to a foreign government. An envoy's rank is below that of an ambassador. 2. [F. envoi, fr. envoyer to send.] An explanatory or commendatory postscript to a poem, essay, or book; -- also in the French from, l'envoi. The envoy of a ballad is the "sending" of it forth. Skeat. Envoyship En"voy*ship, n. The office or position of an envoy. Envy En"vy (?), n.; pl. Envies (#). [F. envie, L. invidia envious; akin to invidere to look askance at, to look with enmity; in against + videre to see. See Vision.] 1. Malice; ill will; spite. [Obs.] If he evade us there, Enforce him with his envy to the people. Shak. 2. Chagrin, mortification, discontent, or uneasiness at the sight of another's excellence or good fortune, accompanied with some degree of hatred and a desire to possess equal advantages; malicious grudging; -- usually followed by of; as, they did this in envy of C\'91sar. Envy is a repining at the prosperity or good of another, or anger and displeasure at any good of another which we want, or any advantage another hath above us. Ray. No bliss Enjoyed by us excites his envy more. Milton. Envy, to which the ignoble mind's a slave, Is emulation in the learned or brave. Pope. 3. Emulation; rivalry. [Obs.] Such as cleanliness and decency Prompt to a virtuous envy. Ford. 4. Public odium; ill repute. [Obs.] To lay the envy of the war upon Cicero. B. Jonson. 5. An object of envious notice or feeling. This constitution in former days used to be the envy of the world. Macaulay. Envy En"vy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Envying.] [F. envier.] 1. To feel envy at or towards; to be envious of; to have a feeling of uneasiness or mortification in regard to (any one), arising from the sight of another's excellence or good fortune and a longing to possess it. A woman does not envy a man for his fighting courage, nor a man a woman for her beauty. Collier. Whoever envies another confesses his superiority. Rambler. 2. To feel envy on account of; to have a feeling of grief or repining, with a longing to possess (some excellence or good fortune of another, or an equal good fortune, etc.); to look with grudging upon; to begrudge. I have seen thee fight, When I have envied thy behavior. Shak. Jeffrey . . . had actually envied his friends their cool mountain breezes. Froude. 3. To long after; to desire strongly; to covet. Or climb his knee the envied kiss to share. T. Gray. 4. To do harm to; to injure; to disparage. [Obs.] If I make a lie To gain your love and envy my best mistress, Put me against a wall. J. Fletcher. 5. To hate. [Obs.] Marlowe. 6. To emulate. [Obs.] Spenser. Envy En"vy (?), v. i. 1. To be filled with envious feelings; to regard anything with grudging and longing eyes; -- used especially with at. Who would envy at the prosperity of the wicked? Jer. Taylor. 2. To show malice or ill will; to rail. [Obs.] "He has . . . envied against the people." Shak. Envyned En*vyned" (?), a. [OF. enviner to store with wine; pref. en- (L. in) + vin wine. See Vine.] Stored or furnished with wine. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enwall En*wall" (?), v. t. See Inwall. Sir P. Sidney. Enwallow En*wal"low (?), v. t. To plunge into, or roll in, flith; to wallow. So now all three one senseless lump remain, Enwallowed in his own black bloody gore. Spenser. Enwheel En*wheel" (?), v. t. To encircle. Shak. Enwiden En*wid"en (?), v. t. To widen. [Obs.] Enwind En*wind" (?), v. t. To wind about; to encircle. In the circle of his arms Enwound us both. Tennyson. Enwoman En*wom"an (?), v. t. To endow with the qualities of a woman. [R.] Daniel. Enwomb En*womb" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enwombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enwombing.] 1. To conceive in the womb. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To bury, as it were in a womb; to hide, as in a gulf, pit, or cavern. Donne. Enwrap En*wrap" (?), v. t. To envelop. See Inwrap. Enwrapment En*wrap"ment (?), n. Act of enwrapping; a wrapping or an envelope. Shuckford. Enwreathe En*wreathe" (?), v. t. See Inwreathe. Shelton. Enzo\'94tic En`zo*\'94t"ic (?), a. [Gr. enzo\'94tique.] Afflicting animals; -- used of a disease affecting the animals of a district. It corresponds to an endemic disease among men. Enzyme En"zyme (?), n. [Pref. en- (Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment. Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of enzymes. Eocene E"o*cene (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) Pertaining to the first in time of the three subdivisions into which the Tertiary formation is divided by geologists, and alluding to the approximation in its life to that of the present era; as, Eocene deposits. -- n. The Eocene formation. Lyell. Eolian E*o"li*an (?), a. [See \'92olian.] 1. \'92olian. 2. (Geol.) Formed, or deposited, by the action of wind, as dunes. Eolian attachment, Eolian harp. See \'92olian. Eolic E*ol"ic (?), a. & n. See \'92olic. Eolipile E*ol"i*pile (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82olipyle.] Same as \'92olipile. Eolis E"o*lis (?), n. [L. Aeolis a daughter of \'92olus, Gr. A'ioli`s.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nudibranch mollusks having clusters of branchial papill\'91 along the back. See Ceratobranchia. [Written also \'92olis.] Eon, \'92on E"on (?), \'92"on (?), n. [L. aeon, fr. Gr. a'iwn space or period of time, lifetime, age; akin to L. aevum. See Age.] 1. An immeasurable or infinite space of time; eternity; a long space of time; an age. The eons of geological time. Huxley. 2. (Gnostic Philos.) One of the embodiments of the divine attributes of the Eternal Being. Among the higher \'92ons are Mind, Reason, Power, Truth, and Life. Am. Cyc. NOTE: &hand; Eo ns we re co nsidered to be emanations sent forth by God from the depths of His grand solitude to fulfill various functions in the material and spiritual universe. Eophyte E"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A fossil plant which is found in the lowest beds of the Silurian age. Eophytic E`o*phyt"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to eophytes. Eos E"os (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 'Hw`s.] (Gr. Myth.) Aurora, the goddess of morn. Eosaurus E`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + say^ros lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct marine reptile from the coal measures of Nova Scotia; -- so named because supposed to be of the earliest known reptiles. Eosin E"o*sin (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A yellow or brownish red dyestuff obtained by the action of bromine on fluoresce\'8bn, and named from the fine rose-red which it imparts to silk. It is also used for making a fine red ink. Its solution is fluorescent. Eosphorite E*os"pho*rite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina and manganese. It is generally of a rose-pink color, -- whence the name. Eozoic E`o*zo"ic (?), a. [See Eozo\'94n.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to rocks or strata older than the Paleozoic, in many of which the eozo\'94n has been found. NOTE: &hand; Th is te rm ha s been proposed for the strata formerly called Azoic, and is preferred especially by those geologists who regard the eozo\'94n as of organic origin. See Arch\'91an. Eozo\'94n E`o*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Eozo\'94ns (#), L. Eozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + zw^,on an animal.] (Paleon.) A peculiar structure found in the Arch\'91an limestones of Canada and other regions. By some geologists it is believed to be a species of gigantic Foraminifera, but others consider it a concretion, without organic structure. <--p. 500 --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 500 Eozo\'94nal E`o*zo"\'94n*al (?), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to the eozo\'94n; containing eozo\'94ns; as, eozo\'94nal limestone. Ep- Ep- (?). [Gr. See Epi-. Epacris Ep"a*cris (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs, natives of Australia, New Zealand, etc., having pretty white, red, or purple blossoms, and much resembling heaths. Epact E"pact (?), n. [F. \'82pacte, fr. Gr. Epi-, and Act.] (Chron.) The moon's age at the beginning of the calendar year, or the number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the beginning of the year. Annual epact, the excess of the solar year over the lunar year, -- being eleven days. -- Menstrual epact, OR Monthly epact, the excess of a calendar month over a lunar. Epagoge Ep`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., from Gr. Epact.] (Logic) The adducing of particular examples so as to lead to a universal conclusion; the argument by induction. Epagogic Ep`a*gog"ic (?), a. Inductive. Latham. Epalate E*pal"ate (?), a. [Pref. e- + palpus.] (Zo\'94l.) Without palpi. Epanadiplosis Ep*an`a*di*plo"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which the same word is used both at the beginning and at the end of a sentence; as, "Rejoice in the Lord always: and again I say, Rejoice." Phil. iv. 4. Epanalepsis Ep*an`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which the same word or clause is repeated after intervening matter. Gibbs. Epanaphora Ep`a*naph"o*ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) Same as Anaphora. Gibbs. Epanastrophe Ep`a*nas"tro*phe (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.) Same as Anadiplosis. Gibbs. Epanodos E*pan"o*dos (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the parts of a sentence or clause are repeated in inverse order, as in the following: -- O more exceeding love, or law more just? Just law, indeed, but more exceeding love! Milton. Epanody E*pan"o*dy (?), n. [See Epanodos.] (Bot.) The abnormal change of an irregular flower to a regular form; -- considered by evolutionists to be a reversion to an ancestral condition. Epanorthosis Ep`an*or*tho"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A figure by which a speaker recalls a word or words, in order to substitute something else stronger or more significant; as, Most brave! Brave, did I say? most heroic act! Epanthous Ep*an"thous (?), a. [Pref. ep- + Gr. (Bot.) Growing upon flowers; -- said of certain species of fungi. Eparch Ep"arch (?), n. [Gr. In ancient Greece, the governor or perfect of a province; in modern Greece, the ruler of an eparchy. Eparchy Ep"arch*y (?), n. [Gr. A province, prefecture, or territory, under the jurisdiction of an eparch or governor; esp., in modern Greece, one of the larger subdivisions of a monarchy or province of the kingdom; in Russia, a diocese or archdiocese. Eparterial Ep`ar*te"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. ep- + arterial.] (Anat.) Situated upon or above an artery; -- applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off above the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus. Epaule E*paule" (?), n. [F. \'82paule shoulder, shoulder of a bastion. See Epaulet, and cf. Spall the shoulder.] (Fort.) The shoulder of a bastion, or the place where its face and flank meet and form the angle, called the angle of the shoulder. Epaulement E*paule"ment (?), n. [F. \'82paulement.] (Fort.) A side work, made of gabions, fascines, or bags, filled with earth, or of earth heaped up, to afford cover from the flanking fire of an enemy. Epaulet, Epaulette Ep"au*let`, Ep"au*lette` (?), n. [F. \'82paulette, dim. of \'82paule shoulder, fr. L. spatula a broad piece (LL., shoulder), dim. of spatha abroad, flat instrument, fr. Gr. Spade the instrument, and cf. Epaule, Spatula.] (Mil.) A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar form or device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot. NOTE: &hand; In th e United States service the epaulet is reserved for full dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the British army in 1855. Epauleted, Epauletted Ep"au*let`ed, Ep"au*let`ted, a. Wearing epaulets; decorated with epaulets. Epaxial Ep*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. ep- + axial.] (Anat.) Above, or on the dorsal side of, the axis of the skeleton; episkeletal. Epeira E*pei"ra (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of spiders, including the common garden spider (E. diadema). They spin geometrical webs. See Garden spider. Epen Ep"en (?), n. (Anat.) See Epencephalon. Epencephalic Ep`en*ce*phal"ic (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to the epencephalon. (b) Situated on or over the brain. Epencephalon Ep`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The segment of the brain next behind the midbrain, including the cerebellum and pons; the hindbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to epen. Ependyma Ep*en"dy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The epithelial lining of the ventricles of the brain and the canal of the spinal cord; endyma; ependymis. Ependymis Ep*en"dy*mis (?), n. [NL.] See Ependyma. Epenetic Ep`e*net"ic (?), a. [Gr. Bestowing praise; eulogistic; laudatory. [Obs.] E. Phillips. Epenthesis E*pen"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Epentheses (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.) The insertion of a letter or a sound in the body of a word; as, the b in "nimble" from AS. n&emac;mol. Epenthetic Ep`en*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. \'82penth\'82tique.] (Gram.) Inserted in the body of a word; as, an epenthetic letter or sound. \'90pergne \'90`pergne" (?), n. [F. \'82pargne a sparing or saving; a treasury. "Our \'82pergne is a little treasury of sweetmeats, fruits, and flowers." Brewer.] A centerpiece for table decoration, usually consisting of several dishes or receptacles of different sizes grouped together in an ornamental design. \'90perlan \'90`per`lan" (?), n. [F. \'82perlan, fr. G. spierling. See Sparling.] (Zo\'94l.) The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus). Epexegesis Ep*ex`e*ge"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Exegesis.] A full or additional explanation; exegesis. Epexegetical Ep*ex`e*get"ic*al (?), a. Relating to epexegesis; explanatory; exegetical. Ephah, OR Epha E"phah (?), OR E"pha, n. [Heb. A Hebrew dry measure, supposed to be equal to two pecks and five quarts. ten ephahs make one homer. Ephemera E*phem"e*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. (Med.) A fever of one day's continuance only. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects including the day flies, or ephemeral flies. See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral. Ephemeral E*phem"er*al (?), a. 1. Beginning and ending in a day; existing only, or no longer than, a day; diurnal; as, an ephemeral flower. 2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only. "Ephemeral popularity." V. Knox. Sentences not of ephemeral, but of eternal, efficacy. Sir J. Stephen. Ephemeral fly (Zo\'94l.), one of a group of neuropterous insects, belonging to the genus Ephemera and many allied genera, which live in the adult or winged state only for a short time. The larv\'91 are aquatic; -- called also day fly and May fly. Ephemeral E*phem"er*al, n. Anything lasting but a day, or a brief time; an ephemeral plant, insect, etc. Ephemeran E*phem"er*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the ephemeral flies. Ephemeric E*phem"e*ric (?), a. Ephemeral. Ephemeris E*phem"e*ris (?), n.; pl. Ephemerides (#). [L., a diary, Gr. Ephemera.] 1. A diary; a journal. Johnson. 2. (Anat.) (a) A publication giving the computed places of the heavenly bodies for each day of the year, with other numerical data, for the use of the astronomer and navigator; an astronomical almanac; as, the "American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac." (b) Any tabular statement of the assigned places of a heavenly body, as a planet or comet, on several successive days. 3. (Literature) A collective name for reviews, magazines, and all kinds of periodical literature. Brande & C. Ephemerist E*phem"er*ist (?), n. 1. One who studies the daily motions and positions of the planets. Howell. 2. One who keeps an ephemeris; a journalist. Ephemeron E*phem"e*ron (?), n.; pl. Ephemera (#). [NL. See Ephemera.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the ephemeral flies. Ephemerous E*phem"er*ous (?), a. Ephemeral. [R.] Burke. Ephesian E*phe"sian (?; 106), a. [L. Ephesius: cf. F. \'82ph\'82sien.] Of or pertaining to Ephesus, an ancient city of Ionia, in Asia Minor. Ephesian E*phe"sian, n. 1. A native of Ephesus. 2. A jolly companion; a roisterer. [Obs.] Shak. Ephialtes Eph`i*al"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. The nightmare. Brande & C. Ephippial E*phip"pi*al (?), a. Saddle-shaped; occupying an ephippium. Dana. Ephippium E*phip"pi*um (?), n. [L., saddle cloth, fr. Gr. 1. (Anat.) A depression in the sphenoid bone; the pituitary fossa. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A saddle-shaped cavity to contain the winter eggs, situated on the back of Cladocera. Ephod Eph"od (?), n. [Heb. \'bephad to put on.] (Jew. Antiq.) A part of the sacerdotal habit among Jews, being a covering for the back and breast, held together on the shoulders by two clasps or brooches of onyx stones set in gold, and fastened by a girdle of the same stuff as the ephod. The ephod for the priests was of plain linen; that for the high priest was richly embroidered in colors. The breastplate of the high priest was worn upon the ephod in front. Exodus xxviii. 6-12. Ephor Eph"or (?), n.; pl. Ephors (#), L. Ephori (#). [L. ephorus, Gr. \'82phore.] (Gr. Antiq.) A magistrate; one of a body of five magistrates chosen by the people of ancient Sparta. They exercised control even over the king. Ephoral Eph"or*al (?), a. Pertaining to an ephor. Ephoralty Eph"or*al*ty (?), n. The office of an ephor, or the body of ephors. Ephraim E"phra*im (?), n. [The proper name.] (Zo\'94l.) A hunter's name for the grizzly bear. Ephyra Eph"y*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A stage in the development of discophorous medus\'91, when they first begin to swim about after being detached from the strobila. See Strobila. Epi- Ep"i- (?). [Gr. api besides, and prob. to L. ob to, before, on account of, and perh. to E. of, off.] A prefix, meaning upon, beside, among, on the outside, above, over. It becomes ep- before a vowel, as in epoch, and eph- before a Greek aspirate, as in ephemeral. Epiblast Ep"i*blast (?), n. [Pref. epi- + -blast.] (Biol.) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the ectoderm. See Blastoderm, Delamination. Epiblastic Ep`i*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to, or consisting of, the epiblast. Epiblema Ep`i*ble"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The epidermal cells of rootlets, specially adapted to absorb liquids. Goodale. Epibolic Ep`i*bol"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Growing or covering over; -- said of a kind of invagination. See under Invagination. Epiboly E*pib"o*ly (?), n. [Cf. Gr. (Biol.) Epibolic invagination. See under Invagination. Epibranchial Ep`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pref. epi- + branchial.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the segment between the ceratobranchial and pharyngobranchial in a branchial arch. -- n. An epibranchial cartilage or bone. Epic Ep"ic (?), a. [L. epicus, Gr. vox voice: cf. F. \'82pique. See Voice.] Narrated in a grand style; pertaining to or designating a kind of narrative poem, usually called an heroic poem, in which real or fictitious events, usually the achievements of some hero, are narrated in an elevated style. The epic poem treats of one great, complex action, in a grand style and with fullness of detail. T. Arnold. Epic Ep"ic, n. An epic or heroic poem. See Epic, a. Epical Ep"ic*al (, a. Epic. -- Ep"ic*al*ly, adv. Poems which have an epical character. Brande & C. His [Wordsworth's] longer poems (miscalled epical). Lowell. Epicardiac Ep`i*car"di*ac (?), a. (Anat.) Of or relating to the epicardium. Epicardium Ep`i*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) That of the pericardium which forms the outer surface of the heart; the cardiac pericardium. Epicarican Ep`i*car"i*can (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An isopod crustacean, parasitic on shrimps. Epicarp Ep"i*carp (?), [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Bot.) The external or outermost layer of a fructified or ripened ovary. See Illust. under Endocarp. Epicede Ep"i*cede (?), n. [L. epicedion, Gr. \'82pic\'8ade.] A funeral song or discourse; an elegy. [R.] Donne. Epicedial Ep`i*ce"di*al (?), a. Elegiac; funereal. Epicedian Ep`i*ce"di*an (?), a. Epicedial. -- n. An epicede. Epicedium Ep`i*ce"di*um (?), n. [L.] An epicede. Epicene Ep"i*cene (?), a. & n. [L. epicoenus, Gr. \'82pic\'8ane.] 1. Common to both sexes; -- a term applied, in grammar, to such nouns as have but one form of gender, either the masculine or feminine, to indicate animals of both sexes; as bos , for the ox and cow; sometimes applied to eunuchs and hermaphrodites. 2. Fig.: Sexless; neither one thing nor the other. The literary prigs epicene. Prof. Wilson. He represented an epicene species, neither churchman nor layman. J. A. Symonds. Epicentral Ep`i*cen"tral (?), a. [Pref. epi- + centrum.] (Anat.) Arising from the centrum of a vertebra. Owen. Epicerastic Ep`i*ce*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. \'82pic\'82rastique.] (Med.) Lenient; assuaging. [Obs.] Epichirema Ep`i*chi*re"ma (?), n.; pl. Epichiremata (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet. & Logic) A syllogism in which the proof of the major or minor premise, or both, is introduced with the premises themselves, and the conclusion is derived in the ordinary manner. [Written also epicheirema.] Epichordal Ep`i*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. epi- + chordal.] (Anat.) Upon or above the notochord; -- applied esp. to a vertebral column which develops upon the dorsal side of the notochord, as distinguished from a perichordal column, which develops around it. Epichorial Ep`i*cho"ri*al (?), a. [Gr. In or of the country. [R.] Epichorial superstitions from every district of Europe. De Quincey. Epicleidium Ep`i*clei"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A projection, formed by a separate ossification, at the scapular end of the clavicle of many birds. Epiclinal Ep`i*cli"nal (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Bot.) Situated on the receptacle or disk of a flower. _________________________________________________________________ Page 501 Epicoele Ep"i*coele (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.) A cavity formed by the invagination of the outer wall of the body, as the atrium of an amphioxus and possibly the body cavity of vertebrates. Epicoene Ep"i*coene (?), a. Epicene. [R.] Hadley. Epicolic Ep`i*col"ic (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.) Situated upon or over the colon; -- applied to the region of the abdomen adjacent to the colon. Epicondylar Ep`i*con"dy*lar (?), n. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or resembling, an epicondyle. Epicondyle Ep`i*con"dyle (?), n. [Pref. epi- + condyle.] (Anat.) A projection on the inner side of the distal end of the numerus; the internal condyle. Epicoracoid Ep`i*cor"a*coid (?), n. [Pref. epi- + coracoid.] (Anat.) A ventral cartilaginous or bony element of the coracoid in the shoulder girdle of some vertebrates. Epicranial Ep`i*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the epicranium; as epicranial muscles. Epicranium Ep`i*cra"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Epi-, and Cranium.] 1. (Anat.) The upper and superficial part of the head, including the scalp, muscles, etc. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The dorsal wall of the head of insects. Epictetain Ep`ic*te"tain (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to Epictetus, the Roman Stoic philosopher, whose conception of life was to be passionless under whatever circumstances. Epicure Ep"i*cure (?), n. [L. Epicurus, Gr. 1. A follower of Epicurus; an Epicurean. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. One devoted to dainty or luxurious sensual enjoyments, esp. to the luxuries of the table. Syn. -- Voluptuary; sensualist. Epicurean Ep`i*cu*re"an (?; 277), a. [L. Epicureus, Gr. \'82picurien.] 1. Pertaining to Epicurus, or following his philosophy. "The sect Epicurean." Milton. 2. Given to luxury; adapted to luxurious tastes; luxurious; pertaining to good eating. Courses of the most refined and epicurean dishes. Prescott. Epicurean philosophy. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic. Epicurean Ep`i*cu*re"an, n. 1. A follower or Epicurus. 2. One given to epicurean indulgence. Epicureanism Ep`i*cu*re"an*ism (?), n. Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus; the principles or belief of Epicurus. Epicurely Ep"i*cure`ly (?), adv. Luxuriously. Nash. Epicureous Ep`i*cu*re"ous (?), a. Epicurean. [Obs.] Epicurism Ep"i*cu*rism (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82picurisme.] 1. The doctrines of Epicurus. 2. Epicurean habits of living; luxury. Epicurize Ep"i*cu*rize (?), v. i. 1. To profess or tend towards the doctrines of Epicurus. Cudworth. 2. To feed or indulge like an epicure. Fuller. Epicycle Ep"i*cy`cle (?), n. [L. epicyclus, Gr. Cycle.] 1. (Ptolemaic Astron.) A circle, whose center moves round in the circumference of a greater circle; or a small circle, whose center, being fixed in the deferent of a planet, is carried along with the deferent, and yet, by its own peculiar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it round its proper center. The schoolmen were like astronomers which did feign eccentries, and epicycles, and such engines of orbs. Bacon. 2. (Mech.) A circle which rolls on the circumference of another circle, either externally or internally. Epicyclic Ep`i*cyc"lic (?), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or having the motion of, an epicycle. Epicyclic train (Mach.), a train of mechanism in which epicyclic motion is involved; esp., a train of spur wheels, bevel wheels, or belt pulleys, in which an arm, carrying one or more of the wheels, sweeps around a center lying in an axis common to the other wheels. Epicycloid Ep`i*cy"cloid (?), n. [Epicycle + -oid: cf. F. \'82picyclo\'8bde.] (Geom.) A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the convex side of a fixed circle. NOTE: &hand; An y po int rigidly connected with the rolling circle, but not in its circumference, traces a curve called an epitrochoid. The curve traced by a point in the circumference of the rolling circle when it rolls on the concave side of a fixed circle is called a hypocycloid; the curve traced by a point rigidly connected with the rolling circle in this case, but not its circumference, is called a hypotrochoid. All the curves mentioned above belong to the class class called roulettes or trochoids. See Trochoid. Epicycloidal Ep`i*cy*cloid"al (?), a. Pertaining to the epicycloid, or having its properties. Epicycloidal wheel, a device for producing straight-line motion from circular motion, on the principle that a pin fastened in the periphery of a gear wheel will describe a straight line when the wheel rolls around inside a fixed internal gear of twice its diameter. Epideictic Ep`i*deic"tic (?), a. [Gr. Epidictic.] Serving to show forth, explain, or exhibit; -- applied by the Greeks to a kind of oratory, which, by full amplification, seeks to persuade. Epidemic, Epidemical Ep`i*dem"ic (?), Ep`i*dem"ic*al (?), a. [L. epidemus, Gr. \'82pid\'82mique. Cf. Demagogue.] 1. (Med.) Common to, or affecting at the same time, a large number in a community; -- applied to a disease which, spreading widely, attacks many persons at the same time; as, an epidemic disease; an epidemic catarrh, fever, etc. See Endemic. 2. Spreading widely, or generally prevailing; affecting great numbers, as an epidemic does; as, epidemic rage; an epidemic evil. It was the epidemical sin of the nation. Bp. Burnet. Epidemic Ep`i*dem"ic (?), n. [Cf. Epidemy.] 1. (Med.) An epidemic disease. 2. Anything which takes possession of the minds of people as an epidemic does of their bodies; as, an epidemic of terror. Epidemically Ep`i*dem"ic*al*ly, adv. In an epidemic manner. Epidemiography Ep`i*de`mi*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Epidemy + -graphy.] (Med.) A treatise upon, or history of, epidemic diseases. Epidemiological Ep`i*de`mi*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Connected with, or pertaining to, epidemiology. Epidemiologist Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gist (?), n. A person skilled in epidemiology. Epidemiology Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Epidemy + -logy.] (Med.) That branch of science which treats of epidemics. Epidemy Ep"i*dem`y (?), n. [Gr. \'82pid\'82mie. See Epidemic.] (Med.) An epidemic disease. Dunglison. Epiderm Ep"i*derm (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82piderme. See Epidermis.] (Anat.) The epidermis. Epidermal Ep`i*der"mal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the epidermis; epidermic; cuticular. Epidermatic Ep`i*der*mat"ic (?), a. Epidermal. [R.] Epidermatoid Ep`i*der"ma*toid (?), a. [Gr. -oid. Cf. Epidermoid.] (Anat.) Epidermoid. Owen. Epidermeous Ep`i*der"me*ous (?), a. Epidermal. [R.] Epidermic Ep`i*der"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82pidermique.] Epidermal; connected with the skin or the bark. Epidermic administration of medicine (Med.), the application of medicine to the skin by friction. Epidermical Ep`i*der"mic*al (?), a. Epidermal. [R.] Epidermidal Ep`i*der"mi*dal (?), a. Epidermal. [R.] Epidermis Ep`i*der"mis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Tear, v. t.] 1. (Anat.) The outer, nonsensitive layer of the skin; cuticle; scarfskin. See Dermis. 2. (Bot.) The outermost layer of the cells, which covers both surfaces of leaves, and also the surface of stems, when they are first formed. As stems grow old this layer is lost, and never replaced. Epidermoid Ep`i*der"moid (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82pidermo\'8bde.] (Anat.) Like epidermis; pertaining to the epidermis. Epidermose Ep`i*der"mose (?), n. [See Epidermis.] (Physiol. Chem.) Keratin. Epidictic, Epidictical Ep`i*dic"tic (?), Ep`i*dic"tic*al (?), a. [L. epidictius. See Epideictic.] Serving to explain; demonstrative. Epididymis Ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) An oblong vermiform mass on the dorsal side of the testicle, composed of numerous convolutions of the excretory duct of that organ. -- Ep`i*did"y*mal (#), a. Epididymitis Ep`i*did`y*mi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Epididymis, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the epididymis, one of the common results of gonorrhea. Epidote Ep"i*dote (?), n. [Gr. \'82pidote. So named from the enlargement of the base of the primary, in some of the secondary forms.] (Min.) A mineral, commonly of a yellowish green (pistachio) color, occurring granular, massive, columnar, and in monoclinic crystals. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and oxide of iron, or manganese. NOTE: &hand; Th e Ep idote group includes ordinary epidote, zoisite or lime epidote, piedmontite or manganese epidote, allanite or serium epidote. Epidotic Ep`i*dot"ic (?),, a. Related to, resembling, or containing epidote; as, an epidotic granite. Epig\'91a Ep`i*g\'91"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An American genus of plants, containing but a single species (E. repens), the trailing arbutus. Epig\'91ous Ep`i*g\'91"ous (?), a. [Gr. Epig\'91a, and cf. Epigee.] (Bot.) Growing on, or close to, the ground. Epigastrial Ep`i*gas"tri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Epigastric. Epigastric Ep`i*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. \'82pigastrique.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the epigastrium, or to the epigastric region. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Over the stomach; -- applied to two of the areas of the carapace of crabs. Epigastric region. (Anat.) (a) The whole upper part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen above the umbilical and between the two hypochondriac regions. Epigastrium Ep`i*gas"tri*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The upper part of the abdomen. Epigeal Ep`i*ge"al (?), a. (Bot.) Epig\'91ous. [R.] Epigee Ep"i*gee (?), n. [NL. epigeum, fr. Gr. Epig\'91a.] See Perigee. [Obs.] Epigene Ep"i*gene (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. 1. (Crystallog.) Foreign; unnatural; unusual; -- said of forms of crystals not natural to the substances in which they are found. 2. (Geol.) Formed originating on the surface of the earth; -- opposed to hypogene; as, epigene rocks. Epigenesis Ep`i*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. epi- + genesis.] (Biol.) The theory of generation which holds that the germ is created entirely new, not merely expanded, by the procreative power of the parents. It is opposed to the theory of evolution, also to syngenesis. Epigenesist Ep`i*gen"e*sist (?), n. (Biol.) One who believes in, or advocates the theory of, epigenesis. Epigenetic Ep`i*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the epigenesis; produced according to the theory of epigenesis. Epigeous Ep`i*ge"ous (?), a. Same as Epig\'91ous. Epigeum Ep*i*ge"um (?), n. [NL. See Epigee.] See Perigee. [Obs.] Epiglottic Ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the epiglottis. Epiglottidean Ep`i*glot*tid"e*an (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Epiglottic. Epiglottis Ep`i*glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Glottis.] (Anat.) A cartilaginous lidlike appendage which closes the glottis while food or drink is passing while food or drink is passing through the pharynx. Epignathous E*pig"na*thous (?), a. [Epi- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Hook-billed; having the upper mandible longer than the lower. Epigram Ep"i*gram (?), n. [L. epigramma, fr. Gr. \'82pigramme. See Graphic.] 1. A short poem treating concisely and pointedly of a single thought or event. The modern epigram is so contrived as to surprise the reader with a witticism or ingenious turn of thought, and is often satirical in character. Dost thou think I care for a satire or an epigram? Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ep igrams we re or iginally in scription on to mbs, statues, temples, triumphal arches, etc. 2. An effusion of wit; a bright thought tersely and sharply expressed, whether in verse or prose. 3. The style of the epigram. Antithesis, i. e., bilateral stroke, is the soul of epigram in its later and technical signification. B. Cracroft. Epigrammatic, Epigrammatical Ep`i*gram*mat"ic (?), Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al (?),[L. epigrammaticus: cf. F. \'82pigrammatique.] 1. Writing epigrams; dealing in epigrams; as, an epigrammatical poet. 2. Suitable to epigrams; belonging to epigrams; like an epigram; pointed; piquant; as, epigrammatic style, wit, or sallies of fancy. Epigrammatically Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the way of epigram; in an epigrammatic style. Epigrammatist Ep`i*gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L. epigrammatista: cf. F. \'82pigrammatiste.] One who composes epigrams, or makes use of them. The brisk epigrammatist showing off his own cleverness. Holmes. Epigrammatize Ep`i*gram"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Epigrammatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Epigrammatizing (?).] To represent by epigrams; to express by epigrams. Epigrammatizer Ep`i*gram"ma*ti`zer (?), n. One who writes in an affectedly pointed style. Epigrammatizers of our English prose style. Coleridge. Epigrammist Ep"i*gram`mist (?), n. An epigrammatist. Jer. Taylor. Epigraph Ep"i*graph (?), n. [Gr. \'82pigraphe. See Epigram.] 1. Any inscription set upon a building; especially, one which has to do with the building itself, its founding or dedication. 2. (Literature) A citation from some author, or a sentence framed for the purpose, placed at the beginning of a work or of its separate divisions; a motto. Epigraphic, Epigraphical Ep`i*graph"ic (?), Ep`i*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to epigraphs or to epigraphy; as, an epigraphic style; epigraphical works or studies. Epigraphics Ep`i*graph"ics (?), n. The science or study of epigraphs. Epigraphist E*pig"ra*phist (?), n. A student of, or one versed in, epigraphy. Epigraphy E*pig"ra*phy (?), n. The science of inscriptions; the art of engraving inscriptions or of deciphering them. Epigynous E*pig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. \'82pigyne.] (Bot.) Adnate to the surface of the ovary, so as to be apparently inserted upon the top of it; -- said of stamens, petals, sepals, and also of the disk. Epihyal Ep`i*hy"al (?), n. [Pref. epi- + the Greek letter (Anat.) A segment next above the ceratohyal in the hyoidean arch. Epilepsy Ep"i*lep`sy (?), n. [L. epilepsia, Gr. \'82pilepsie. Cf. Catalepsy.] (Med.) The "falling sickness," so called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground; a disease characterized by paroxysms (or fits) occurring at interval and attended by sudden loss of consciousness, and convulsive motions of the muscles. Dunglison. Epileptic Ep`i*lep"tic (?), a. [L. epilepticus, Gr. \'82pileptique.] Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, epilepsy. Epileptic Ep`i*lep"tic, n. 1. One affected with epilepsy. 2. A medicine for the cure of epilepsy. Epileptical Ep`i*lep"tic*al (?), a. Epileptic. Epileptiform Ep`i*lep"ti*form (?), a. Resembling epilepsy. Epileptogenous Ep`i*lep*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. -genous.] (Med.) Producing epilepsy or epileptoid convulsions; -- applied to areas of the body or of the nervous system, stimulation of which produces convulsions. Epileptoid Ep`i*lep"toid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Med.) Resembling epilepsy; as, epileptoid convulsions. Epilogation Ep`i*lo*ga"tion (?), n. [LL. epilogatio.] A summing up in a brief account. [Obs.] Udall. Epilogic, Epilogical Ep`i*log"ic (?), Ep`i*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to an epilogue. Epilogism E*pil"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. Epilogue.] Enumeration; computation. [R.] J. Gregory. Epilogistic Ep`i*lo*gis"tic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Epilogism.] Of or pertaining to epilogue; of the nature of an epilogue. T. Warton. \'3c-- p. 502 --\'3e Epilogize E*pil"o*gize (?), v. i. & t. [See Epilogism.] To speak an epilogue to; to utter as an epilogue. Epilogue Ep"i*logue (?; 115), n. [F. \'82pilogue, L. epilogus, fr. Gr. Legend.] 1. (Drama) A speech or short poem addressed to the spectators and recited by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play. A good play no epilogue, yet . . . good plays prove the better by the help of good epilogues. Shak. 2. (Rhet.) The closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated; a conclusion. Epiloguize Ep"i*lo*guize (?), v. i. & t. Same as Epilogize. Epimachus E*pim"a*chus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of highly ornate and brilliantly colored birds of Australia, allied to the birds of Paradise. Epimera E*pim"e*ra (?), n. pl. See Epimeron. Epimeal E*pim"e*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the epimera. Epimere Ep"i*mere (?), n. [Epi- + -mere.] (Biol.) One of the segments of the transverse axis, or the so called homonymous parts; as, for example, one of the several segments of the extremities in vertebrates, or one of the similar segments in plants, such as the segments of a segmented leaf. Syd. Soc. Lex. Epimeron E*pim"e*ron (?), n.; pl. Epimera (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) In crustaceans: The part of the side of a somite external to the basal joint of each appendage. See Illust. under Crustacea. (b) In insects: The lateral piece behind the episternum. [Written also epimerum.] Epinastic Ep`i*nas"tic (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Physiol.) A term applied to that phase of vegetable growth in which an organ grows more rapidly on its upper than on its under surface. See Hyponastic. Epineural Ep`i*neu"ral (?), a. [Pref. epi- + neural.] (Anat.) Arising from the neurapophysis of a vertebra. Epineurium Ep`i*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The connective tissue framework and sheath of a nerve which bind together the nerve bundles, each of which has its own special sheath, or perineurium. Epinglette Ep`in*glette" (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) An iron needle for piercing the cartridge of a cannon before priming. Epinicial Ep`i*ni"cial (?), a. [See Epinicion.] Relating to victory. "An epinicial song." T. Warton. Epinicion Ep`i*ni"cion (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. epinicium.] A song of triumph. [Obs.] T. Warton. Epinikian Ep`i*nik"i*an (?), a. Epinicial. Epiornis Ep`i*or"nis (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. \'82piornis. See \'92pyornis.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the gigantic ostrichlike birds of the genus \'92piornis, only recently extinct. Its remains have been found in Madagascar. [Written also \'92pyornis.] Epiotic Ep`i*o"tic (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.) The upper and outer element of periotic bone, -- in man forming a part of the temporal bone. Epipedometry Ep`i*pe*dom"e*try (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] (Geom.) The mensuration of figures standing on the same base. [Obs.] Epiperipheral Ep`i*pe*riph"er*al (?), a. [Pref. epi- + peripheral.] (Physiol.) Connected with, or having its origin upon, the external surface of the body; -- especially applied to the feelings which originate at the extremities of nerves distributed on the outer surface, as the sensation produced by touching an object with the finger; -- opposed to entoperipheral. H. Spenser. Epipetalous Ep`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. epi- + petal.] (Bot.) Borne on the petals or corolla. Epiphany E*piph"a*ny (?), n. [F. \'82piphanie, L. epiphania, Gr. Fancy.] 1. An appearance, or a becoming manifest. Whom but just before they beheld transfigured and in a glorious epiphany upon the mount. Jer. Taylor. An epic poet, if ever such a difficult birth should make its epiphany in Paris. De Quincey. 2. (Eccl.) A church festival celebrated on the 6th of January, the twelfth day after Christmas, in commemoration of the visit of the Magi of the East to Bethlehem, to see and worship the child Jesus; or, as others maintain, to commemorate the appearance of the star to the Magi, symbolizing the manifestation of Christ to the Gentles; Twelfthtide. Epipharyngeal Ep`i*phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Pref. epi- + pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the segments above the epibranchial in the branchial arches of fishes. -- n. An epipharyngeal bone or cartilage. Epipharynx Ep`i*phar"ynx (?), n. [Epi- + pharynx.] (Zo\'94l.) A structure which overlaps the mouth of certain insects. Epiphonema Ep`i*pho*ne"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) An exclamatory sentence, or striking reflection, which sums up or concludes a discourse. Epiphoneme E*piph"o*neme (?), n. Epiphonema. [R.] Epiphora E*piph"o*ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Med.) The watery eye; a disease in which the tears accumulate in the eye, and trickle over the cheek. 2. (Rhet.) The emphatic repetition of a word or phrase, at the end of several sentences or stanzas. Epiphragm Ep"i*phragm (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A membranaceous or calcareous septum with which some mollusks close the aperture of the shell during the time of hibernation, or \'91stivation. Epiphylospermous Ep`i*phy`lo*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Bearing fruit on the black of the leaves, as ferns. Harris (1710). Epiphyllous E*piph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Growing upon, or inserted into, the leaf. Epiphyllum Ep`i*phyl"lum (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of cactaceous plants having flattened, jointed stems, and petals united in a tube. The flowers are very showy, and several species are in cultivation. Epiphyseal, Epiphysial Ep`i*phys"e*al (?), Ep`i*phys"i*al (?), (Anat.) Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphysis. Epiphysis E*piph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Epiphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The end, or other superficial part, of a bone, which ossifies separately from the central portion, or diaphysis. (b) The cerebral epiphysis, or pineal gland. See Pineal gland, under Pineal. Epiphytal E*piph"y*tal (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to an epiphyte. Epiphyte Ep"i*phyte (?), n. [Gr. \'82piphyte.] 1. (Bot.) An air plant which grows on other plants, but does not derive its nourishment from them. See Air plant. 2. (Med.) A vegetable parasite growing on the surface of the body. Epiphytic, Epiphytical Ep`i*phyt"ic (?), Ep`i*phyt"ic*al (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphyte. -- Ep`i*phyt"ic*al*ly, adv. Epiplastron Ep`i*plas"tron (?), n.; pl. Epiplastra (#). [Pref. epi- + plastron.] (Anat.) One of the first pair of lateral plates in the plastron of turtles. Epipleural Ep`i*pleu"ral (?), a. [Pref. epi- + pleural.] (Anat.) Arising from the pleurapophysis of a vertebra. Owen. Epiplexis Ep`i*plex"is (?), n. [L., reproof, fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which a person seeks to convince and move by an elegant kind of upbraiding. Epiploce E*pip"lo*ce (?), n. [L., connection, from Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which one striking circumstance is added, in due gradation, to another; climax; e. g., "He not only spared his enemies, but continued them in employment; not only continued, but advanced them." Johnson. Epiploic Ep`i*plo"ic (?), a. Relating to the epiplo\'94n. Epiplo\'94n E*pip"lo*\'94n (?), n.; pl. Epiploa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) See Omentum. Epipodial Ep`i*po"di*al (?), a. 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the epipodialia or the parts of the limbs to which they belong. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the epipodium of Mollusca. Epipodiale Ep`i*po`di*a"le (?), n.; pl. Epipodialia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) One of the bones of either the forearm or shank, the epipodialia being the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula. Epipodite E*pip"o*dite (?), n. [See Epipodium.] (Zo\'94l.) The outer branch of the legs in certain Crustacea. See Maxilliped. Epipodium Ep`i*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Epipodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the lateral lobes of the foot in certain gastropods. Epipolic Ep`i*pol"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Producing, or relating to, epipolism or fluorescence. [R.] Epipolism E*pip"o*lism (?), n. [Gr. (Opt.) See Fluorescence. [R.] Sir J. Herschel. Epipolized E*pip"o*lized (?), a. Changed to the epipolic condition, or that in which the phenomenon of fluorescence is presented; produced by fluorescence; as, epipolized light. [R.] Stokes. Epipteric Ep`ip*ter"ic (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to a small Wormian bone sometimes present in the human skull between the parietal and the great wing of the sphenoid. -- n. The epipteric bone. Epipterygoid Ep`ip*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Pref. epi- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Situated upon or above the pterygoid bone. -- n. An epipterygoid bone or cartilage; the columella in the skulls of many lizards. Epipubic Ep`i*pu"bic (?), a. Relating to the epipubis. Epipubis Ep`i*pu"bis (?), n.; pl. Epipubes (#). [NL., epi- + pubis.] (Anat.) A cartilage or bone in front of the pubis in some amphibians and other animals. Episcopacy E*pis"co*pa*cy (?), n. [See Episcopate.] Government of the church by bishops; church government by three distinct orders of ministers -- bishops, priests, and deacons -- of whom the bishops have an authority superior and of a different kind. Episcopal E*pis"co*pal (?), a. [L. episcopalis, fr. episcopus: cf. F. \'82piscopal. See Bishop.] 1. Governed by bishops; as, an episcopal church. 2. Belonging to, or vested in, bishops; as, episcopal jurisdiction or authority; the episcopal system. Episcopalian E*pis`co*pa"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to bishops, or government by bishops; episcopal; specifically, of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church. Episcopalian E*pis`co*pa"li*an, n. One who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church government and discipline; a churchman; specifically, in the United States, a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Episcopalianism E*pis`co*pa"li*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine and usages of Episcopalians; episcopacy. Episcopally E*pis"co*pal*ly (?), adv. By episcopal authority; in an episcopal manner. Episcopant E*pis"co*pant (?), n. A bishop. [Obs.] Milton. Episcoparian E*pis`co*pa"ri*an (?), a. Episcopal. [R.] Wood. Episcopate E*pis"co*pate (?), n. [L. episcopatus, fr. episcopus: cf. F. \'82piscopat. See Bishop.] 1. A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop. 2. The collective body of bishops. 3. The time of a bishop's rule. Episcopate E*pis"co*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Episcopated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Episcopating.] To act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate. [Obs.] Feeding the flock episcopating. Milton. Episcopicide E*pis"co*pi*cide (?), n. [L. episcopus bishop + caedere to kill.] The killing of a bishop. Episcopize E*pis"co*pize (?), v. t. To make a bishop of by consecration. Southey. Episcopize E*pis"co*pize, v. i. To perform the duties of a bishop. Episcopy E*pis"co*py (?), n. [Gr. Bishop.] 1. Survey; superintendence. [Obs.] Milton. 2. Episcopacy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Episepalous Ep`i*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. epi- + sepal.] (Bot.) Growing on the sepals or adnate to them. Episkeletal Ep`i*skel"e*tal (?), a. [Pref. epi- + skeleletal.] (Anat.) Above or outside of the endoskeleton; epaxial. Episodal Ep`i*so"dal (?), a. Same as Episodic. Episode Ep"i*sode (?), n. [Gr. sad to go: cf. F. \'82pisode.] (Rhet.) A separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related; an incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject, but naturally arising from it. Episodial Ep`i*so"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to an episode; by way of episode; episodic. Episodic, Episodical Ep`i*so"dic (?), Ep`i*so"dic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82pisodique. See Episode.] Of or pertaining to an episode; adventitious. -- Ep`i*so"dic*al*ly, adv. Such a figure as Jacob Brattle, purely episodical though it be, is an excellent English portrait. H. James. Epispadias Ep`i*spa"di*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A deformity in which the urethra opens upon the top of the penis, instead of at its extremity. Epispastic Ep"i*spas"tic (?), a. [Gr. \'82pispastique.] (Med.) Attracting the humors to the skin; exciting action in the skin; blistering. Epispastic Ep"i*spas"tic, n. (Med.) An external application to the skin, which produces a puriform or serous discharge by exciting inflammation; a vesicatory. Episperm Ep"i*sperm (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. \'82pisperme.] (Bot.) The skin or coat of a seed, especially the outer coat. See Testa. Epispermic Ep`i*sper"mic (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining, or belonging, to the episperm, or covering of a seed. Epispore Ep"i*spore (?), n. [Pref. epi- + spore.] (Bot.) The thickish outer coat of certain spores. Epistaxis Ep`i*stax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Bleeding at the nose. Epistemology E*pis`te*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge. Episternal Ep`i*ster"nal (?), a. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the episternum. Episternum Ep`i*ster"num (?), n.; pl. Episterna (#). [NL. See Epi-, and Sternum.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A median bone connected with the sternum, in many vertebrates; the interclavicle. (b) Same as Epiplastron. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the lateral pieces next to the sternum in the thorax of insects. Epistilbite Ep`i*stil"bite (?), n. [Pref. epi- + stilbite.] (Min.) A crystallized, transparent mineral of the Zeolite family. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Epistle E*pis"tle (?), n. [OE. epistle, epistel, AS. epistol, pistol, L. epistola, fr. Gr. epistle, epistre, F. \'82p\'8ctre. See Stall.] 1. A writing directed or sent to a person or persons; a written communication; a letter; -- applied usually to formal, didactic, or elegant letters. A madman's epistles are no gospels. Shak. 2. (Eccl.) One of the letters in the New Testament which were addressed to their Christian brethren by Apostles. Epistle side, the right side of an altar or church to a person looking from the nave toward the chancel. One sees the pulpit on the epistle side. R. Browning. Epistle E*pis"tle, v. t. To write; to communicate in a letter or by writing. [Obs.] Milton. Epistler E*pis"tler (?), n. 1. A writer of epistles, or of an epistle of the New Testament. M. Arnold. 2. (Eccl.) The ecclesiastic who reads the epistle at the communion service. Epistolar E*pis"to*lar (?), a. Epistolary. Dr. H. More. Epistolary E*pis"to*la*ry (?), a. [L. epistolaris, fr. epistola: cf. F. \'82pistolaire.] 1. Pertaining to epistles or letters; suitable to letters and correspondence; as, an epistolary style. _________________________________________________________________ Page 503 2. Contained in letters; carried on by letters. "Epistolary correspondence." Addison. Epistolean Ep`is*to"le*an (?), n. One who writes epistles; a correspondent. Mary Cowden Clarke. Epistoler E*pis"to*ler (?), n. (Eccl.) One of the clergy who reads the epistle at the communion service; an epistler. Epistolet E*pis"to*let (?), n. A little epistle. Lamb. Epistolic, Epistolical Ep`is*tol"ic (?), Ep`is*tol"ic*al (?), a. [L. epistolicus, Gr. Pertaining to letters or epistles; in the form or style of letters; epistolary. Epistolize E*pis"to*lize (?), v. i. To write epistles. Epistolizer E*pis"to*li`zer (?), n. A writer of epistles. Epistolographic E*pis`to*lo*graph"ic (?), a. [Gr. \'82pistolographique.] Pertaining to the writing of letters; used in writing letters; epistolary. Epistolographic character OR mode of writing, the same as Demotic character. See under Demotic. Epistolography E*pis`to*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. \'82pistolographie.] The art or practice of writing epistles. Epistoma, Epistome E*pis"to*ma (?), Ep"i*stome (?), n. [NL. epistoma, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The region between the antenn\'91 and the mouth, in Crustacea. (b) A liplike organ that covers the mouth, in most Bryozoa. See Illust., under Entoprocta. Epistrophe E*pis"tro*phe (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which successive clauses end with the same word or affirmation; e. g., "Are they Hebrews? so am I. Are they Israelites? so am I." 2 Cor. xi. 22. Epistyle Ep"i*style (?), n. [L. epistylium, Gr. \'82pistyle.] (Anc. Arch.) A massive piece of stone or wood laid immediately on the abacus of the capital of a column or pillar; -- now called architrave. Episyllogism Ep`i*syl"lo*gism (?), n. [Pref. epi- + syllogism.] (Logic) A syllogism which assumes as one of its premises a proposition which was the conclusion of a preceding syllogism, called, in relation to this, the prosyllogism. Epitaph Ep"i*taph (?), n. [F. \'82pitaphe, L. epitaphium a funeral oration, fr. Gr. Cenotaph.] 1. An inscription on, or at, a tomb, or a grave, in memory or commendation of the one buried there; a sepulchral inscription. Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak. 2. A brief writing formed as if to be inscribed on a monument, as that concerning Alexander: "Sufficit huic tumulus, cui non sufficeret orbis." Epitaph Ep"i*taph, v. t. To commemorate by an epitaph. [R.] Let me be epitaphed the inventor of English hexameters. G. Harvey. Epitaph Ep"i*taph, v. i. To write or speak after the manner of an epitaph. [R.] The common in their speeches epitaph upon him . . . "He lived as a wolf and died as a dog." Bp. Hall. Epitapher Ep"i*taph`er (?), n. A writer of epitaphs. Nash. Epitaphial, Epitaphian Ep`i*taph"i*al (?), Ep`i*taph"i*an (?), a. Relating to, or of the nature of, an epitaph. The noble Pericles in his epitaphian speech. Milton. Epitaphial Latin verses are not to be taken too literally. Lowell. Epitaphic Ep`i*taph"ic (?), a. Pertaining to an epitaph; epitaphian. -- n. An epitaph. Udall. Epitaphist Ep"i*taph`ist (?), n. An epitapher. Epitasis E*pit"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. That part which embraces the main action of a play, poem, and the like, and leads on to the catastrophe; -- opposed to protasis. 2. (Med.) The period of violence in a fever or disease; paroxysm. Dunglison. Epithalamic Ep`i*tha*lam"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or designed for, an epithalamium. Epithalamium Ep`i*tha*la"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Epithalamiums (#), L. Epithalamia (#). [L., fr. Gr. A nuptial song, or poem in honor of the bride and bridegroom. The kind of poem which was called epithalamium . . . sung when the bride was led into her chamber. B. Jonson. Epithalamy Ep`i*thal"a*my (?), n.; pl. Epithalamies (. Epithalamium. [R.] Donne. Epitheca Ep`i*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A continuous and, usually, structureless layer which covers more or less of the exterior of many corals. Epithelial Ep`i*the"li*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to epithelium; as, epithelial cells; epithelial cancer. Epithelioid Ep`i*the"li*oid (?), a. [Epithelium + -oid.] (Anat.) Like epithelium; as, epithelioid cells. Epithelioma Ep`i*the`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL. See Epithelium, and -oma.] (Med.) A malignant growth containing epithelial cells; -- called also epithelial cancer. Epithelium Ep`i*the"li*um (?), n.; pl. E. Epitheliums (#), L. Epithelia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The superficial layer of cells lining the alimentary canal and all its appendages, all glands and their ducts, blood vessels and lymphatics, serous cavities, etc. It often includes the epidermis (i. e., keratin-producing epithelial cells), and it is sometimes restricted to the alimentary canal, the glands and their appendages, -- the term endothelium being applied to the lining membrane of the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities. Epitheloid Ep`i*the"loid (?), a. (Anat.) Epithelioid. Epithem Ep"i*them (?), n. [L. epithema, Gr. \'82pith\'8ame. See Epithet.] (Med.) Any external topical application to the body, except ointments and plasters, as a poultice, lotion, etc. Epithema Ep`i*the"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A horny excrescence upon the beak of birds. Epithesis E*pith"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. The addition of a letter at the end of a word, without changing its sense; as, numb for num, whilst for whiles. Epithet Ep"i*thet (?), n. [L. epitheton, Gr. \'82pith\'8ate. See Do.] 1. An adjective expressing some quality, attribute, or relation, that is properly or specially appropriate to a person or thing; as, a just man; a verdant lawn. A prince [Henry III.] to whom the epithet "worthless" seems best applicable. Hallam. 2. Term; expression; phrase. "Stiffed with epithets of war." Shak. Syn. -- Epithet, Title. The name epithet was formerly extended to nouns which give a title or describe character (as the "epithet of liar"), but is now confined wholly to adjectives. Some rhetoricians, as Whately, restrict it still further, considering the term epithet as belonging only to a limited class of adjectives, viz., those which add nothing to the sense of their noun, but simply hold forth some quality necessarily implied therein; as, the bright sun, the lofty heavens, etc. But this restriction does not prevail in general literature. Epithet is sometimes confounded with application, which is always a noun or its equivalent. Epithet Ep"i*thet, v. t. To describe by an epithet. [R.] Never was a town better epitheted. Sir H. Wotton. Epithetic, Epithetical Ep`i*thet"ic (?), Ep`i*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to, or abounding with, epithets. "In epithetic measured prose." Lloyd. Epithite Ep"i*thite (?), n. [Gr. A lazy, worthless fellow; a vagrant. [Obs.] Mason. Epithumetic Ep`i*thu*met"ic (?), a. Epithumetical. [Obs.] Epithumetical Ep`i*thu*met"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to sexual desire; sensual. Sir T. Browne. Epitithides Ep`i*tith"i*des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Epithet.] (Arch.) The uppermost member of the cornice of an entablature. Epitomator E*pit"o*ma`tor (?), n. [LL.] An epitomist. Sir W. Hamilton. Epitome E*pit"o*me (?), n.; pl. Epitomes (#). [L., fr. Gr. \'82pitome. See Tome.] 1. A work in which the contents of a former work are reduced within a smaller space by curtailment and condensation; a brief summary; an abridgement. [An] epitome of the contents of a very large book. Sydney Smith. 2. A compact or condensed representation of anything. An epitome of English fashionable life. Carlyle. A man so various that he seemed to be Not one, but all mankind's epitome. Dryden. Syn. -- Abridgement; compendium; compend; abstract; synopsis; abbreviature. See Abridgment. Epitomist E*pit"o*mist (?), n. One who makes an epitome; one who abridges; an epitomizer. Milton. Epitomize E*pit"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Epitomized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Epitomizing.] 1. To make an epitome of; to shorten or abridge, as a writing or discourse; to reduce within a smaller space; as, to epitomize the works of Justin. 2. To diminish, as by cutting off something; to curtail; as, to epitomize words. [Obs.] Addison. Epitomizer E*pit"o*mi`zer (?), n. An epitomist. Burton. Epitrite Ep"i*trite (?), n. [Gr. i. e., , or in the ratio of 4 to 3); epitritos, F. \'82pitrite.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A foot consisting of three long syllables and one short syllable. NOTE: &hand; It is so ca lled from being compounded of a spondee (which contains 4 times) with an iambus or a trochee (which contains 3 times). It is called 1st, 2d, 3d, or 4th epitrite according as the short syllable stands 1st, 2d, etc. Epitrochlea Ep`i*troch"le*a (?), n. [NL. See Epi-, and Trochlea.] (Anat.) A projection on the outer side of the distal end of the humerus; the external condyle. Epitrochlear Ep`i*troch"le*ar (?), a. Relating to the epitrochlea. Epitrochoid Ep`i*tro"choid (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. -oid.] (Geom.) A kind of curve. See Epicycloid, any Trochoid. Epitrope E*pit"ro*pe (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which permission is either seriously or ironically granted to some one, to do what he proposes to do; e. g., "He that is unjust, let him be unjust still." Epizeuxis Ep`i*zeux"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which a word is repeated with vehemence or emphasis, as in the following lines: - Alone, alone, all all alone, Alone on a wide wide sea. Coleridge. Epozoan Ep`o*zo"an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An epizo\'94n. Epozoic Ep`o*zo"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Living upon the exterior of another animal; ectozoic; -- said of external parasites. Epizo\'94n Ep`i*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Epizoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the artificial group of invertebrates of various kinds, which live parasitically upon the exterior of other animals; an ectozo\'94n. Among them are the lice, ticks, many acari, the lerneans, or fish lice, and other crustaceans. Epizo\'94tic Ep`i*zo*\'94t"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82pizo\'94tique.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an epizo\'94n. 2. (Geol.) Containing fossil remains; -- said of rocks, formations, mountains, and the like. [Obs.] Epizo\'94tic mountains are of secondary formation. Kirwan. 3. Of the nature of a disease which attacks many animals at the same time; -- corresponding to epidemic diseases among men. Epizo\'94ty, Epizo\'94tic Ep`i*zo"\'94*ty (?), Ep`i*zo*\'94t"ic (?), n. [F. \'82pizo\'94tie.] An epizo\'94tic disease; a murrain; an epidemic influenza among horses. Epoch Ep"och (?; 277), n. [LL. epocha, Gr. sah to overpower, Goth. sigis victory, AS. sigor, sige, G. sieg: cf. F. \'82poque. See Scheme.] 1. A fixed point of time, established in history by the occurrence of some grand or remarkable event; a point of time marked by an event of great subsequent influence; as, the epoch of the creation; the birth of Christ was the epoch which gave rise to the Christian era. In divers ages, . . . divers epochs of time were used. Usher. Great epochs and crises in the kingdom of God. Trench. The acquittal of the bishops was not the only event which makes the 30th of June, 1688, a great epoch in history. Macaulay. NOTE: &hand; Ep ochs ma rk the beginning of new historical periods, and dates are often numbered from them. 2. A period of time, longer or shorter, remarkable for events of great subsequent influence; a memorable period; as, the epoch of maritime discovery, or of the Reformation. "So vast an epoch of time." F. Harrison. The influence of Chaucer continued to live even during the dreary interval which separates from one another two important epochs of our literary history. A. W. Ward. 3. (Geol.) A division of time characterized by the prevalence of similar conditions of the earth; commonly a minor division or part of a period. The long geological epoch which stored up the vast coal measures. J. C. Shairp. 4. (Astron.) (a) The date at which a planet or comet has a longitude or position. (b) An arbitrary fixed date, for which the elements used in computing the place of a planet, or other heavenly body, at any other date, are given; as, the epoch of Mars; lunar elements for the epoch March 1st, 1860. Syn. -- Era; time; date; period; age. -- Epoch, Era. We speak of the era of the Reformation, when we think of it as a period, during which a new order of things prevailed; so also, the era of good feeling, etc. Had we been thinking of the time as marked by certain great events, or as a period in which great results were effected, we should have called the times when these events happened epochs, and the whole period an epoch. The capture of Constantinople is an epoch in the history of Mahometanism; but the flight of Mahomet is its era. C. J. Smith. Epocha Ep"o*cha (?), n. [L.] See Epoch. J. Adams. Epochal Ep"o*chal (?), a. Belonging to an epoch; of the nature of an epoch. "Epochal points." Shedd. Epode Ep"ode (?), n. [L. epodos, Gr. \'82pode. See Ode.] (Poet.) (a) The after song; the part of a lyric ode which follows the strophe and antistrophe, -- the ancient ode being divided into strophe, antistrophe, and epode. (b) A species of lyric poem, invented by Archilochus, in which a longer verse is followed by a shorter one; as, the Epodes of Horace. It does not include the elegiac distich. Epodic E*pod"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to, or resembling, an epode. Eponym, Eponyme Ep"o*nym, Ep"o*nyme (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82ponyme. See Eponymous.] 1. The hypothetical individual who is assumed as the person from whom any race, city, etc., took its name; as, Hellen is an eponym of the Hellenes. 2. A name, as of a people, country, and the like, derived from that of an individual. Eponymic Ep`o*nym"ic (?), a. Same as Eponymous. Tablets . . . which bear eponymic dates. I. Taylor (The Alphabet). Eponymist E*pon"y*mist (?), n. One from whom a race, tribe, city, or the like, took its name; an eponym. Eponymous E*pon"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. Relating to an eponym; giving one's name to a tribe, people, country, and the like. What becomes . . . of the Herakleid genealogy of the Spartan kings, when it is admitted that eponymous persons are to be canceled as fictions? Grote. Eponymy E*pon"y*my (?), n. [Gr. The derivation of the name of a race, tribe, etc., from that of a fabulous hero, progenitor, etc. Epo\'94phoron Ep`o*\'94ph"o*ron (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) See Parovarium. Epopee, Epop Ep"o*pee` (?), Ep`o*p (?), n. [F. \'82pop\'82e, Gr. Epos.] An epic poem; epic poetry. Epopt Ep"opt (?), n. [Gr. One instructed in the mysteries of a secret system. Carlyle. Epos Ep"os (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. An epic. Epotation Ep`o*ta"tion (?), n. [L. epotare, epotatum, to drink; e out + potare to drink.] A drinking up; a quaffing. [Obs.] Feltham. (?), n. [F.] (Gun.) An apparatus for testing or proving the strength of gunpowder. Epsomite Ep"som*ite (?), n. Native sulphate of magnesia or Epsom salt. Epsom salts OR salt Ep"som salts` OR salt` (?). (Med.) Sulphate of magnesia having cathartic qualities; -- originally prepared by boiling down the mineral waters at Epsom, England, -- whence the name; afterwards prepared from sea water; but now from certain minerals, as from siliceous hydrate of magnesia. _________________________________________________________________ Page 504 Epulary Ep"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. epularis, fr. epulum a feast: cf. F. \'82pulaire.] Of or pertaining to a feast or banquet. [Obs.] Smart. Epulation Ep`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. epulatio.] A feasting or feast; banquet. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Epulis E*pu"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A hard tumor developed from the gums. Epulose Ep"u*lose` (?), a. [L. epulum a feast.] Feasting to excess. [Obs.] Epulosity Ep`u*los"i*ty (?), n. A feasting to excess. [Obs.] Epulotic Ep`u*lot"ic (?), a. [Gr. Promoting the skinning over or healing of sores; as, an epulotic ointment. -- n. An epulotic agent. Epuration Ep`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. e out, quite + purare to purify, purus pure.] Purification. (?), n. [F.] (Fine Arts) A draught or model from which to build; especially, one of the full size of the work to be done; a detailed drawing. Equability E`qua*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. aequabilitas, fr. aequabilis. See Equable.] The quality or condition of being equable; evenness or uniformity; as, equability of temperature; the equability of the mind. For the celestial bodies, the equability and constancy of their motions argue them ordained by wisdom. Ray. Equable E"qua*ble (?; 277), a. [L. aequabilis, fr. aequare to make level or equal, fr. aequus even, equal. See Equal.] 1. Equal and uniform; continuing the same at different times; -- said of motion, and the like; uniform in surface; smooth; as, an equable plain or globe. 2. Uniform in action or intensity; not variable or changing; -- said of the feelings or temper. Equableness E"qua*ble*ness, n. Quality or state of being equable. Equably E"qua*bly, adv. In an equable manner. Equal E"qual (?), a. [L. aequalis, fr. aequus even, equal; akin to Skr. , and perh. to L. unus for older oinos one, E. one.] 1. Agreeing in quantity, size, quality, degree, value, etc.; having the same magnitude, the same value, the same degree, etc.; -- applied to number, degree, quantity, and intensity, and to any subject which admits of them; neither inferior nor superior, greater nor less, better nor worse; corresponding; alike; as, equal quantities of land, water, etc. ; houses of equal size; persons of equal stature or talents; commodities of equal value. 2. Bearing a suitable relation; of just proportion; having competent power, abilities, or means; adequate; as, he is not equal to the task. The Scots trusted not their own numbers as equal to fight with the English. Clarendon. It is not permitted to me to make my commendations equal to your merit. Dryden. Whose voice an equal messenger Conveyed thy meaning mild. Emerson. 3. Not variable; equable; uniform; even; as, an equal movement. "An equal temper." Dryden. 4. Evenly balanced; not unduly inclining to either side; characterized by fairness; unbiased; impartial; equitable; just. Are not my ways equal? Ezek. xviii. 29. Thee, O Jove, no equal judge I deem. Spenser. Nor think it equal to answer deliberate reason with sudden heat and noise. Milton. 5. Of the same interest or concern; indifferent. They who are not disposed to receive them may let them alone or reject them; it is equal to me. Cheyne. 6. (Mus.) Intended for voices of one kind only, either all male or all female; -- opposed to mixed. [R.] 7. (Math.) Exactly agreeing with respect to quantity. Equal temperament. (Mus.) See Temperament. Syn. -- Even; equable; uniform; adequate; proportionate; commensurate; fair; just; equitable. Equal E"qual, n. 1. One not inferior or superior to another; one having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, or other quality or condition; an equal quantity or number; as, "If equals be taken from equals the remainders are equal." Those who were once his equals envy and defame him. Addison. 2. State of being equal; equality. [Obs.] Spenser. Equal E"qual, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equaled (?) or Equalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Equaling or Equalling.] 1. To be or become equal to; to have the same quantity, the same value, the same degree or rank, or the like, with; to be commen On me whose all not equals Edward's moiety. Shak. 2. To make equal return to; to recompense fully. Who answered all her cares, and equaled all her love. Dryden. 3. To make equal or equal to; to equalize; hence, to compare or regard as equals; to put on equality. He would not equal the mind that he found in himself to the infinite and incomprehensible. Berkeley. Equalitarian E*qual`i*ta"ri*an (?), n. One who believes in equalizing the condition of men; a leveler. Equality E*qual"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Equalities (#). [L. aequalitas, fr. aequalis equal. See Equal.] 1. The condition or quality of being equal; agreement in quantity or degree as compared; likeness in bulk, value, rank, properties, etc.; as, the equality of two bodies in length or thickness; an equality of rights. A footing of equality with nobles. Macaulay. 2. Sameness in state or continued course; evenness; uniformity; as, an equality of temper or constitution. 3. Evenness; uniformity; as, an equality of surface. 4. (Math.) Exact agreement between two expressions or magnitudes with respect to quantity; -- denoted by the symbol =; thus, a = x signifies that a contains the same number and kind of units of measure that x does. Confessional equality. See under Confessional. Equalization E`qual*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized. Their equalization with the rest of their fellow subjects. Burke. Equalize E"qual*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equalizing (?).] [Cf. F. \'82galiser.] 1. To make equal; to cause to correspond, or be like, in amount or degree as compared; as, to equalize accounts, burdens, or taxes. One poor moment can suffice To equalize the lofty and the low. Wordsworth. No system of instruction will completely equalize natural powers. Whately. 2. To pronounce equal; to compare as equal. Which we equalize, and perhaps would willingly prefer to the Iliad. Orrery. 3. To be equal to; equal; to match. [Obs.] It could not equalize the hundredth part Of what her eyes have kindled in my heart. Waller. Equalizing bar (Railroad Mach.), a lever connecting two axle boxes, or two springs in a car truck or locomotive, to equalize the pressure on the axles. Equalizer E"qual*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, equalizes anything. Equally E"qual*ly, adv. In an equal manner or degree in equal shares or proportion; with equal and impartial justice; without difference; alike; evenly; justly; as, equally taxed, furnished, etc. Equalness E"qual*ness, n. Equality; evenness. Shak. Equangular E*quan"gu*lar (?), a. [See Equiangular.] Having equal angles; equiangular. [R.] Johnson. Equanimity E`qua*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. aequanimitas, fr. aequanimus: cf. F. \'82quanimit\'82. See Equanimous.] Evenness of mind; that calm temper or firmness of mind which is not easily elated or depressed; patience; calmness; composure; as, to bear misfortunes with equanimity. Equanimous E*quan"i*mous (?), a. [L. aequanimus, fr. aequus equal + animus mind.] Of an even, composed frame of mind; of a steady temper; not easily elated or depressed. Bp. Gauden. Equant E"quant (?), n. [L. aequans, -antis, p. pr. of aequare: cf. F. \'82quant. See Equate.] (Ptolemaic Astron.) A circle around whose circumference a planet or the center of ann epicycle was conceived to move uniformly; -- called also eccentric equator. Equate E*quate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equated; p. pr. & vb. n. Equating.] [L. aequatus, p. p. of aequare to make level or equal, fr. aequus level, equal. See Equal.] To make equal; to reduce to an average; to make such an allowance or correction in as will reduce to a common standard of comparison; to reduce to mean time or motion; as, to equate payments; to equate lines of railroad for grades or curves; equated distances. Palgrave gives both scrolle and scrowe and equates both to F[rench] rolle. Skeat (Etymol. Dict. ). Equating for grades (Railroad Engin.), adding to the measured distance one mile for each twenty feet of ascent. -- Equating for curves, adding half a mile for each 360 degrees of curvature. Equation E*qua"tion (?), n. [L. aequatio an equalizing: cf. F. \'82quation equation. See Equate.] 1. A making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium. Again the golden day resumed its right, And ruled in just equation with the night. Rowe. 2. (Math.) An expression of the condition of equality between two algebraic quantities or sets of quantities, the sign = being placed between them; as, a binomial equation; a quadratic equation; an algebraic equation; a transcendental equation; an exponential equation; a logarithmic equation; a differential equation, etc. 3. (Astron.) A quantity to be applied in computing the mean place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any one of the several quantities to be added to, or taken from, its position as calculated on the hypothesis of a mean uniform motion, in order to find its true position as resulting from its actual and unequal motion. Absolute equation. See under Absolute. -- Equation box, OR Equational box, a system of differential gearing used in spinning machines for regulating the twist of the yarn. It resembles gearing used in equation clocks for showing apparent time. -- Equation of the center (Astron.), the difference between the place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a circle, and its place as moving in an ellipse. -- Equations of condition (Math.), equations formed for deducing the true values of certain quantities from others on which they depend, when different sets of the latter, as given by observation, would yield different values of the quantities sought, and the number of equations that may be found is greater than the number of unknown quantities. -- Equation of a curve (Math.), an equation which expresses the relation between the co\'94rdinates of every point in the curve. -- Equation of equinoxes (Astron.), the difference between the mean and apparent places of the equinox. -- Equation of payments (Arith.), the process of finding the mean time of payment of several sums due at different times. -- Equation of time (Astron.), the difference between mean and apparent time, or between the time of day indicated by the sun, and that by a perfect clock going uniformly all the year round. -- Equation clock OR watch, a timepiece made to exhibit the differences between mean solar and apparent solar time. Knight. -- Normal equation. See under Normal. -- Personal equation (Astron.), the difference between an observed result and the true qualities or peculiarities in the observer; particularly the difference, in an average of a large number of observation, between the instant when an observer notes a phenomenon, as the transit of a star, and the assumed instant of its actual occurrence; or, relatively, the difference between these instants as noted by two observers. It is usually only a fraction of a second; -- sometimes applied loosely to differences of judgment or method occasioned by temperamental qualities of individuals. -- Theory of equations (Math.), the branch of algebra that treats of the properties of a single algebraic equation of any degree containing one unknown quantity. Equator E*qua"tor (?), n. [L. aequator one who equalizes: cf. F. \'82quateur equator. See Equate.] 1. (Geog.) The imaginary great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the two poles, and dividing the earth's surface into two hemispheres. 2. (Astron.) The great circle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of the earth's equator; -- so called because when the sun is in it, the days and nights are of equal length; hence called also the equinoctial, and on maps, globes, etc., the equinoctial line. Equator of the sun OR of a planet (Astron.), the great circle whose plane passes through through the center of the body, and is perpendicular to its axis of revolution. -- Magnetic equator. See Aclinic. Equatorial E`qua*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82quatorial.] Of or pertaining to the equator; as, equatorial climates; also, pertaining to an equatorial instrument. Equatorial E`qua*to"ri*al, n. (Astron.) An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a graduated circle, the one for measuring declination, and the other right ascension, or the hour angle, so that the telescope may be directed, even in the daytime, to any star or other object whose right ascension and declination are known. The motion in right ascension is sometimes communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an equatorial telescope. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm eq uatorial, or eq uatorial instrument, is sometimes applied to any astronomical instrument which has its principal axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth. <-- contrasted with altazimuthal movement of a telescope. --> Equatorially E`qua*to"ri*al*ly, adv. So as to have motion or direction parallel to the equator. Equerry Eq"uer*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Equerries (#). [F. \'82curie stable, for older escurie, escuirie (confused somewhat with F. \'82cuyer, OF. escuyer, squire), LL. scuria, OHG. skiura, sc, barn, shed, G. scheuer, from a root meaning to cover, protect, and akin to L. scutum shield. See Esquire, and cf. Ecurie, Querry.] 1. A large stable or lodge for horses. Johnson. 2. An officer of princes or nobles, charged with the care of their horses. NOTE: &hand; In En gland eq uerries ar e of ficers of th e ro yal household in the department of the Master of the Horse. Equery Eq"ue*ry (?), n. Same as Equerry. Equestrian E*ques"tri*an (?), a. [L. equester, from eques horseman, fr. equus horse: cf. F. \'82questre. See Equine.] 1. Of or pertaining to horses or horsemen, or to horsemanship; as, equestrian feats, or games. 2. Being or riding on horseback; mounted; as, an equestrian statue. An equestrian lady appeared upon the plains. Spectator. 3. Belonging to, or composed of, the ancient Roman equities or knights; as, the equestrian order. Burke. Equestrian E*ques"tri*an, n. One who rides on horseback; a horseman; a rider. Equestrianism E*ques"tri*an*ism (?), n. The art of riding on horseback; performance on horseback; horsemanship; as, feats equestrianism. Equestrienne E*ques"tri*enne` (?), n. [Formed after analogy of the French language.] A woman skilled in equestrianism; a horsewoman. Equi- E"qui- (?). [L. aequus equal. See Equal.] A prefix, meaning equally; as, equidistant; equiangular. Equiangled E"qui*an`gled (?), a. [Equi- + angle.] Equiangular. [Obs.] Boyle. Equiangular E`qui*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Equi- + angular. Cf. Equangular.] Having equal angles; as, an equiangular figure; a square is equiangular. Equiangular spiral. (Math.) See under Spiral, n. -- Mutually equiangular, applied to two figures, when every angle of the one has its equal among the angles of the other. Equibalance E`qui*bal"ance (?), n. [Equi- + balance.] Equal weight; equiponderance. Equibalance E`qui*bal"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equibalanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equibalancing (?).] To make of equal weight; to balance equally; to counterbalance; to equiponderate. Equicrescent E`qui*cres"cent (?), a. [Equi- + crescent.] (Math.) Increasing by equal increments; as, an equicrescent variable. Equicrural E`qui*cru"ral (?), a. [L. aequicrurius; aequus equal + crus, cruris, leg.] Having equal legs or sides; isosceles. [R.] "Equicrural triangles." Sir T. Browne. Equicrure E"qui*crure (?), a. Equicrural. [Obs.] Equidifferent E`qui*dif"fer*ent (?), a. [Equi- + different: cf. F. \'82quidiff\'82rent.] Having equal differences; as, the terms of arithmetical progression are equidifferent. Equidistance E`qui*dis"tance (?), n. Equal distance. Equidistant E`qui*dis"tant (?), a. [L. aequidistans, -antis; aequus equal + distans distant: cf. F. \'82quidistant.] Being at an equal distance from the same point or thing. -- E`qui*dis"tant*ly, adv. Sir T. Browne. Equidiurnal E`qui*di*ur"nal (?), a. [Equi- + diurnal.] Pertaining to the time of equal day and night; -- applied to the equinoctial line. Whewell. Equiform E"qui*form (?), a. [L. aequiformis; aequus equal + forma form.] Having the same form; uniform. -- E`qui*for"mi*ty (#), n. Sir T. Browne. Equilateral E`qui*lat"er*al (?), a. [L. aequilateralis; aequus equal + latus, lateris, side: cf. F. \'82quilat\'82ral.] Having all the sides equal; as, an equilateral triangle; an equilateral polygon. Equilateral hyperbola (Geom.), one whose axes are equal. -- Equilateral shell (Zo\'94l.), one in which a transverse line drawn through the apex of the umbo bisects the valve, or divides it into two equal and symmetrical parts. -- Mutually equilateral, applied to two figures, when every side of the one has its equal among the sides of the other. Equilateral E`qui*lat"er*al, n. A side exactly corresponding, or equal, to others; also, a figure of equal sides. Equilibrate E`qui*li"brate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equilibrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equilibrating (?).] [L. aequilibratus in equilibrium; aequus equal + libra balance. See Equilibrium.] To balance two scales, sides, or ends; to keep even with equal weight on each side; to keep in equipoise. H. Spenser. \'3c-- p. 505 --\'3e Equilibration E`qui*li*bra"tion (?), n. 1. Act of keeping a balance, or state of being balanced; equipoise. In . . . running, leaping, and dancing, nature's laws of equilibration are observed. J. Denham. 2. (Biol.) The process by which animal and vegetable organisms preserve a physiological balance. H. Spenser. Equilibrious E`qui*lib"ri*ous (?), a. Evenly poised; balanced. Dr. H. More. -- E`qui*lib"ri*ous*ly, adv. Equilibrist E*quil"i*brist (?), n. One who balances himself in unnatural positions and hazardous movements; a balancer. When the equilibrist balances a rod upon his finger. Stewart. Equilibrity E`qui*lib"ri*ty (?), n. [L. aequilibritas equal distribution. See Equilibrium.] The state of being balanced; equality of weight. [R.] J. Gregory. Equilibrium E`qui*lib"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Equilibriums (#), L. Equilibria (#). [L. aequilibrium, fr. aequilibris in equilibrium, level; aequus equal + libra balance. See Equal, and Librate.] 1. Equality of weight or force; an equipoise or a state of rest produced by the mutual counteraction of two or more forces. 2. A level position; a just poise or balance in respect to an object, so that it remains firm; equipoise; as, to preserve the equilibrium of the body. Health consists in the equilibrium between those two powers. Arbuthnot. 3. A balancing of the mind between motives or reasons, with consequent indecision and doubt. Equilibrium valve (Steam Engine), a balanced valve. See under Valve. Equimomental E`qui*mo*men"tal (?), a. [Equi- + momental.] (Mech.) Having equal moments of inertia. NOTE: &hand; Tw o bo dies or sy stems of bo dies ar e sa id to be equimomental when their moments of inertia about all straight lines are equal each to each. Equimomental cone of a given rigid body, a conical surface that has any given vertex, and is described by a straight line which moves in such manner that the moment of inertia of the given rigid body about the line is in all its positions the same. Equimultiple E`qui*mul"ti*ple (?), a. [Equi- + multiple: cf. F. \'82quimultiple.] Multiplied by the same number or quantity. Equimultiple E`qui*mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.) One of the products arising from the multiplication of two or more quantities by the same number or quantity. Thus, seven times 2, or 14, and seven times 4, or 28, are equimultiples of 2 and 4. Equinal E*qui"nal (?), a. See Equine. "An equinal shape." Heywood. Equine E"quine (?), a. [L. equinus, fr. equus horse; akin to Gr. a, OS. ehu, AS. eh, eoh, Icel. j, OIr. ech, cf. Skr. a to reach, overtake, perh. akin to E. acute, edge, eager, a. Cf. Hippopotamus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a horse. The shoulders, body, things, and mane are equine; the head completely bovine. Sir J. Barrow. Equinia E*quin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Equine.] (Med.) Glanders. Equinoctial E`qui*noc"tial (?), a. [L. aequinoctials, fr. aequinoctium equinox: cf. F. \'82quinoxial. See Equinox.] 1. Pertaining to an equinox, or the equinoxes, or to the time of equal day and night; as, the equinoctial line. 2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equinoctial line or equator; in or near that line; as, equinoctial heat; an equinoctial sun. 3. Pertaining to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points; as, an equinoctial gale or storm, that is, one happening at or near the time of the equinox, in any part of the world. Equinoctial colure (Astron.), the meridian passing through the equinoctial points. -- Equinoctial line (Astron.), the celestial equator; -- so called because when the sun is on it, the nights and days are of equal length in all parts of the world. See Equator. Thrice the equinoctial line He circled. Milton. - Equinoctial points (Astron.), the two points where the celestial and ecliptic intersect each other; the one being in the first point of Aries, the other in the first point of Libra. -- Equinoctial time (Astron.) reckoned in any year from the instant when the mean sun is at the mean vernal equinoctial point. Equinoctial E`qui*noc"tial, n. The equinoctial line. Equinoctially E`qui*noc"tial*ly, adv. Towards the equinox. Equinox E"qui*nox (?), n. [OE. equinoxium, equenoxium, L. aequinoctium; aequus equal + nox, noctis, night: cf. F. \'82quinoxe. See Equal, and Night.] 1. The time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, that is, about March 21 and September 22. See Autumnal equinox, Vernal equinox, under Autumnal and Vernal. When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Stormwind of the equinox. Longfellow. 2. Equinoctial wind or storm. [R.] Dryden. Equinumerant E`qui*nu"mer*ant (?), a. [Equi- + L. numerans, p. pr. of numerare to number.] Equal as to number. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. Equip E*quip" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equipping.] [F. \'82quiper to supply, fit out, orig. said of a ship, OF. esquiper to embark; of German origin; cf. OHG. scif, G. schiff, Icel. skip, AS. scip. See Ship.] 1. To furnish for service, or against a need or exigency; to fit out; to supply with whatever is necessary to efficient action in any way; to provide with arms or an armament, stores, munitions, rigging, etc.; -- said esp. of ships and of troops. Dryden. Gave orders for equipping a considerable fleet. Ludlow. 2. To dress up; to array; accouter. The country are led astray in following the town, and equipped in a ridiculous habit, when they fancy themselves in the height of the mode. Addison. Equipage Eq"ui*page (?; 48), n. [F. \'82quipage, fr. \'82quiper. See Equip.] 1. Furniture or outfit, whether useful or ornamental; especially, the furniture and supplies of a vessel, fitting her for a voyage or for warlike purposes, or the furniture and necessaries of an army, a body of troops, or a single soldier, including whatever is necessary for efficient service; equipments; accouterments; habiliments; attire. Did their exercises on horseback with noble equipage. Evelyn. First strip off all her equipage of Pride. Pope. 2. Retinue; train; suite. Swift. 3. A carriage of state or of pleasure with all that accompanies it, as horses, liveried servants, etc., a showy turn-out. The rumbling equipages of fashion . . . were unknown in the settlement of New Amsterdam. W. Irving. Equipaged Eq"ui*paged (?), a. Furnished with equipage. Well dressed, well bred. Well equipaged, is ticket good enough. Cowper. Equiparable E*quip"a*ra*ble (?) a. [L. aequiparabilis.] Comparable. [Obs. or R.] Equiparate E*quip"a*rate (?) v. t. [L. aequiparatus, p. p. of aequiparare.] To compare. [R.] Equipedal E*quip"e*dal (?), a. [Equi- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) Equal-footed; having the pairs of feet equal. Equipendency E`qui*pend"en*cy (?), n. [Equi- + pendency.] The act or condition of hanging in equipoise; not inclined or determined either way. South. Equipensate E`qui*pen"sate (?), v. t. [Equi- + pensatus, p. p. of pensare to weigh. Cf. Equipoise.] To weigh equally; to esteem alike. [Obs.] Equipment E*quip"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82quipement. See Equip.] 1. The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a voyage or expedition. Burke. The equipment of the fleet was hastened by De Witt. Hume. 2. Whatever is used in equipping; necessaries for an expedition or voyage; the collective designation for the articles comprising an outfit; equipage; as, a railroad equipment (locomotives, cars, etc. ; for carrying on business); horse equipments; infantry equipments; naval equipments; laboratory equipments. Armed and dight, In the equipments of a knight. Longfellow. Equipoise E"qui*poise (?), n. [Equi- + poise.] 1. Equality of weight or force; hence, equilibrium; a state in which the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced, and hence equal; state of being equally balanced; -- said of moral, political, or social interests or forces. The means of preserving the equipoise and the tranquillity of the commonwealth. Burke. Our little lives are kept in equipoise By opposite attractions and desires. Longfellow. 2. Counterpoise. The equipoise to the clergy being removed. Buckle. Equipollence, Equipollency E`qui*pol"lence (?), E`qui*pol"len*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82quipollence. See Equipollent.] 1. Equality of power, force, signification, or application. Boyle. 2. (Logic) Sameness of signification of two or more propositions which differ in language. Equipollent E`qui*pol"lent (?), a. [L. aequipollens; aequus equal + pollens, -entis, p. pr. of pollere to be strong, able: cf. F. \'82quipollent.] 1. Having equal power or force; equivalent. Bacon. 2. (Logic) Having equivalent signification and reach; expressing the same thing, but differently. Equipollently E`qui*pol"lent*ly, adv. With equal power. Barrow. Equiponderance, Equiponderancy E`qui*pon"der*ance (?), E`qui*pon"der*an*cy (?), n. [Equi- + ponderance: cf. F. \'82quipond\'82rance.] Equality of weight; equipoise. Equiponderant E`qui*pon"der*ant (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82quipond\'82rant.] Being of the same weight. A column of air . . . equiponderant to a column of quicksilver. Locke. Equiponderate E`qui*pon"der*ate (?), v. i. [Equi- + L. ponderare to weigh. See Ponderate.] To be equal in weight; to weigh as much as another thing. Bp. Wilkins. Equiponderate E`qui*pon"der*ate, v. t. To make equal in weight; to counterbalance. "More than equiponderated the declension in that direction." De Quincey. Equiponderous E`qui*pon"der*ous (?), a. [Equi- + L. pondus, ponderis, weight.] Having equal weight. Bailey. Equipondious E`qui*pon"di*ous (?), a. [L. aequipondium an equal weight; aequus equal + pondus weight.] Of equal weight on both sides; balanced. [Obs.] Glanvill. Equipotential E`qui*po*ten"tial (?), a. [Equi- + potential.] (Mech. & Physics) Having the same potential. Equipotential surface, a surface for which the potential is for all points of the surface constant. Level surfaces on the earth are equipotential. Equiradical E`qui*rad"i*cal (?) a. [Equi- + radical.] Equally radical. [R.] Coleridge. Equirotal E`qui*ro"tal (?), a. [Equi- + L. rota wheel.] Having wheels of the same size or diameter; having equal rotation. [R.] Equisetaceous E`qui*se*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the Equisetace\'91, or Horsetail family. Equisetiform E`qui*set"i*form (?), a. [Equisetum- + -form.] (Bot.) Having the form of the equisetum. Equisetum Eq`ui*se"tum (?), n.; pl. Equiseta (#). [L., the horsetail, fr. equus horse + seta a thick,, stiff hair, bristle.] (Bot.) A genus of vascular, cryptogamic, herbaceous plants; -- also called horsetails. NOTE: &hand; Th e Eq uiseta ha ve ho llow jointed stems and no true leaves. The cuticle often contains siliceous granules, so that one species (E. hyemale) is used for scouring and polishing, under the name of Dutch rush or scouring rush. Equisonance E*quis"o*nance (?), n. [Equi- + L. sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound: cf. F. \'82quisonnance. See Sonant.] (Mus.) An equal sounding; the consonance of the unison and its octaves. Equisonant E*quis"o*nant (?) a. Of the same or like sound. Equitable Eq"ui*ta*ble (?), a. [F. \'82quitable, from \'82quit\'82. See Equity.] 1. Possessing or exhibiting equity; according to natural right or natural justice; marked by a due consideration for what is fair, unbiased, or impartial; just; as an equitable decision; an equitable distribution of an estate; equitable men. No two . . . had exactly the same notion of what was equitable. Macaulay. 2. (Law) That can be sustained or made available or effective in a court of equity, or upon principles of equity jurisprudence; as, an equitable estate; equitable assets, assignment, mortgage, etc. Abbott. Syn. -- Just; fair; reasonable; right; honest; impartial; candid; upright. Equitableness Eq"ui*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being equitable, just, or impartial; as, the equitableness of a judge, a decision, or distribution of property. Equitably Eq"ui*ta*bly, adv. In an equitable manner; justly; as, the laws should be equitably administered. Equitancy Eq"ui*tan*cy (?), n. [Cf. LL. equitantia. See Equitant.] Horsemanship. Equitant Eq"ui*tant (?), a. [L. equitans, -antis, p. pr. of equitare to ride, fr. eques horseman, fr. equus horse.] 1. Mounted on, or sitting upon, a horse; riding on horseback. 2. (Bot.) Overlapping each other; -- said of leaves whose bases are folded so as to overlap and bestride the leaves within or above them, as in the iris. Equitation Eq`ui*ta"tion (?), n. [L. equitatio, fr. equitare: cf. F. \'82quitation.] A riding, or the act of riding, on horseback; horsemanship. The pretender to equitation mounted. W. Irving. Equitemporaneous E`qui*tem`po*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. aequus equal + tempus, temporis, time.] Contemporaneous. [Obs.] Boyle. Equites Eq"ui*tes (?) n. pl [L., pl. of eques a horseman.] (Rom. Antiq.) An order of knights holding a middle place between the senate and the commonalty; members of the Roman equestrian order. Equity Eq"ui*ty (?), n.; pl. Equities (#). [F. \'82quit\'82, L. aequitas, fr. aequus even, equal. See Equal.] 1. Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, according to reason, and the law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims; impartiality. Christianity secures both the private interests of men and the public peace, enforcing all justice and equity. Tillotson. 2. (Law) An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; as, an equity to a settlement, or wife's equity, etc. I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken. Kent. 3. (Law) A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law, properly so called, and complemental of it. Equity had been gradually shaping itself into a refined science which no human faculties could master without long and intense application. Macaulay. NOTE: &hand; Eq uitable ju risprudence in England and in the United States grew up from the inadequacy of common-law forms to secure justice in all cases; and this led to distinct courts by which equity was applied in the way of injunctions, bills of discovery, bills for specified performance, and other processes by which the merits of a case could be reached more summarily or more effectively than by common-law suits. By the recent English Judicature Act (1873), however, the English judges are bound to give effect, in common-law suits, to all equitable rights and remedies; and when the rules of equity and of common law, in any particular case, conflict, the rules of equity are to prevail. In many jurisdictions in the United States, equity and common law are thus blended; in others distinct equity tribunals are still maintained. See Chancery. Equity of redemption (Law), the advantage, allowed to a mortgageor, of a certain or reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged, after they have been forfeited at law by the nonpayment of the sum of money due on the mortgage at the appointed time. Blackstone. Syn. -- Right; justice; impartiality; rectitude; fairness; honesty; uprightness. See Justice. Equivalence E*quiv"a*lence (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82quivalence, LL. aequivalentia.] 1. The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of worth, value, signification, or force; as, an equivalence of definitions. 2. Equal power or force; equivalent amount. 3. (Chem.) (a) The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency. See Valence. (b) The degree of combining power as determined by relative weight. See Equivalent, n., 2. [R.] Equivalence E*quiv"a*lence, v. t. To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Equivalency E*quiv"a*len*cy (?), n. Same as Equivalence. Equivalent E*quiv"a*lent (?), a. [L. aequivalens, -entis, p. pr. of aequivalere to have equal power; aequus equal + valere to be strong, be worth: cf. F. \'82quivalent. See Equal, and Valiant.] 1. Equal in wortir or value, force, power, effect, import, and the like; alike in significance and value; of the same import or meaning. For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms equivalent. South. 2. (Geom.) Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; -- applied to magnitudes; as, a square may be equivalent to a triangle. _________________________________________________________________ Page 506 3. (Geol.) Contemporaneous in origin; as, the equivalent strata of different countries. Equivalent E*quiv"a*lent (?), n. 1. Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth, weight, or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage done. He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to some equivalent. . . . During some weeks the word equivalent, then lately imported from France, was in the mouths of all the coffeehouse. Macaulay. 2. (Chem.) That comparative quantity by weight of an element which possesses the same chemical value as other elements, as determined by actual experiment and reference to the same standard. Specifically: (a) The comparative proportions by which one element replaces another in any particular compound; thus, as zinc replaces hydrogen in hydrochloric acid, their equivalents are 32.5 and 1. (b) The combining proportion by weight of a substance, or the number expressing this proportion, in any particular compound; as, the equivalents of hydrogen and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8, and in hydric dioxide 1 and 16.<-- = equivalent weight. --> NOTE: &hand; Th is term was adopted by Wollaston to avoid using the conjectural expression atomic weight, with which, however, for a time it was practically synonymous. The attempt to limit the term to the meaning of a universally comparative combining weight failed, because of the possibility of several compounds of the substances by reason of the variation in combining power which most elements exhibit. The equivalent was really identical with, or a multiple of submultiple of, the atomic weight. 3. (Chem.) A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a molecule; as, in acid salt two or more equivalents of acid unite with one or more equivalents of base. Mechanical equivalent of heat (Physics), the number of units of work which the unit of heat can perform; the mechanical energy which must be expended to raise the temperature of a unit weight of water from 0° C. to 1° C., or from 32° F. to 33° F. The term was introduced by Dr. Mayer of Heilbronn. Its value was found by Joule to be 1390 foot pounds upon the Centigrade, or 772 foot pounds upon the Fahrenheit, thermometric scale, whence it is often called Joule's equivalent, and represented by the symbol J. This is equal to 424 kilogram meters (Centigrade scale). A more recent determination by Professor Rowland gives the value 426.9 kilogram meters, for the latitude of Baltimore. Equivalent E*quiv"a*lent, v. t. To make the equivalent to; to equal; equivalence. [R.] Equivalently E*quiv"a*lent*ly, adv. In an equal manner. Equivalue E`qui*val"ue (?), v. t. To put an equal value upon; to put (something) on a par with another thing. W. Taylor. Equivalve, Equivalved E"qui*valve (?), E"qui*valved (?), a. [Equi- + valve.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the valves equal in size and from, as in most bivalve shells. Equivalvular E`qui*val"vu*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Equivalve or Equivalved. Equivocacy E*quiv"o*ca*cy (?), n. Equivocalness. Equivocal E*quiv"o*cal (?), a. [L. aequivocus: aequus equal + vox, vocis, word. See Equal, and Voice, and cf. Equivoque.] 1. (Literally, called equally one thing or the other; hence:) Having two significations equally applicable; capable of double interpretation; of doubtful meaning; ambiguous; uncertain; as, equivocal words; an equivocal sentence. For the beauties of Shakespeare are not of so dim or equivocal a nature as to be visible only to learned eyes. Jeffrey. 2. Capable of being ascribed to different motives, or of signifying opposite feelings, purposes, or characters; deserving to be suspected; as, his actions are equivocal. "Equivocal repentances." Milton. 3. Uncertain, as an indication or sign; doubtful. "How equivocal a test." Burke. Equivocal chord (Mus.), a chord which can be resolved into several distinct keys; one whose intervals, being all minor thirds, do not clearly indicate its fundamental tone or root; the chord of the diminished triad, and the diminished seventh. Syn. -- Ambiguous; doubtful; uncertain; indeterminate. -- Equivocal, Ambiguous. We call an expression ambiguous when it has one general meaning, and yet contains certain words which may be taken in two different senses; or certain clauses which can be so connected with other clauses as to divide the mind between different views of part of the meaning intended. We call an expression equivocal when, taken as a whole, it conveys a given thought with perfect clearness and propriety, and also another thought with equal propriety and clearness. Such were the responses often given by the Delphic oracle; as that to Crambiguous is a mere blunder of language; what is equivocal is usually intended to deceive, though it may occur at times from mere inadvertence. Equivocation is applied only to cases where there is a design to deceive. Equivocal E*quiv"o*cal, n. A word or expression capable of different meanings; an ambiguous term; an equivoque. In languages of great ductility, equivocals like that just referred to are rarely found. Fitzed. Hall. Equivocally E*quiv"o*cal*ly, adv. In an equivocal manner. Equivocalness E*quiv"o*cal*ness, n. The state of being equivocal. Equivocate E*quiv"o*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Equivocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equivocating.] [L. aequivocatus, p. p. of aequivocari to be called by the same name, fr. L. aequivocus: cf. F. \'82quivoquer. See Equivocal, a.] To use words of equivocal or doubtful signification; to express one's opinions in terms which admit of different senses, with intent to deceive; to use ambiguous expressions with a view to mislead; as, to equivocate is the work of duplicity. All that Garnet had to say for him was that he supposed he meant to equivocate. Bp. Stillingfleet. Syn. -- To prevaricate; evade; shuffle; quibble. See Prevaricate. Equivocate E*quiv"o*cate (?), v. t. To render equivocal or ambiguous. He equivocated his vow by a mental reservation. Sir G. Buck. Equivocation E*quiv`o*ca"tion (?), n. The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification, with a purpose to mislead. There being no room for equivocations, there is no need of distinctions. Locke. Syn. -- Prevarication; ambiguity; shuffling; evasion; guibbling. See Equivocal, a., and Prevaricate, v. i. Equivocator E*quiv"o*ca`tor (?), n. One who equivocates. Here's an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale, yet could not equivocate to heaven. Shak. Equivocatory E*quiv"o*ca*to*ry (?), a. Indicating, or characterized by, equivocation. Equivoque, Equivoke Eq"ui*voque, Eq"ui*voke (?), n. [F. \'82quivoque. See Equivocal.] 1. An ambiguous term; a word susceptible of different significations. Coleridge. 2. An equivocation; a guibble. B. Jonson. Equivorous E*quiv"o*rous (?), a. [L. equus horse + vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding on horseflesh; as, equivorous Tartars. Equus E"quus (?), n. [L., horse.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of mammals, including the horse, ass, etc. -er -er (?). 1. [AS. -ere; akin to L. -arius.] The termination of many English words, denoting the agent; -- applied either to men or things; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater. At the end of names of places, -er signifies a man of the place; as, Londoner, i. e., London man. 2. [AS. -ra; akin to G. -er, Icel. -are, -re, Goth. -iza, -, L. -ior, Gr. -\'c6yas.] A suffix used to form the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; as, warmer, sooner, lat(e)er, earl(y)ier. Era E"ra (?), n.; pl. Eras (#). [LL. aera an era, in earlier usage, the items of an account, counters, pl. of aes, aeris, brass, money. See Ore.] 1. A fixed point of time, usually an epoch, from which a series of years is reckoned. The foundation of Solomon's temple is conjectured by Ideler to have been an era. R. S. Poole. 2. A period of time reckoned from some particular date or epoch; a succession of years dating from some important event; as, the era of Alexander; the era of Christ, or the Christian era (see under Christian). The first century of our era. M. Arnold. 3. A period of time in which a new order of things prevails; a signal stage of history; an epoch. Painting may truly be said to have opened the new era of culture. J. A. Symonds. Syn. -- Epoch; time; date; period; age; dispensation. See Epoch. Eradiate E*ra"di*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eradiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eradiating (?).] [Pref. e- + radiate.] To shoot forth, as rays of light; to beam; to radiate. Dr. H. More. Eradiation E*ra`di*a"tion (?), n. Emission of radiance. Eradicable E*rad"i*ca*ble (?), a. Capable of being eradicated. Eradicate E*rad"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eradicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eradicating (?).] [L. eradicatus, p. p. of eradicare to eradicate; e out + radix, radicis, root. See Radical.] 1. To pluck up by the roots; to root up; as, an oak tree eradicated. 2. To root out; to destroy utterly; to extirpate; as, to eradicate diseases, or errors. This, although now an old an inveterate evil, might be eradicated by vigorous treatment. Southey. Syn. -- To extirpate; root out; exterminate; destroy; annihilate. Eradication E*rad`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. eradicatio: cf. F. \'82radication.] 1. The act of plucking up by the roots; a rooting out; extirpation; utter destruction. 2. The state of being plucked up by the roots. Eradicative E*rad"i*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. \'82radicatif.] Tending or serving to eradicate; curing or destroying thoroughly, as a disease or any evil. Eradicative E*rad"i*ca*tive, n. (Med.) A medicine that effects a radical cure. Whitlock. Erasable E*ras"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being erased. Erase E*rase" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erased (#); p. pr. & vb. n.. Erasing.] [L. erasus, p. p. of eradere to erase; e out + radere to scrape, scratch, shave. See Rase.] 1. To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written, engraved, or painted; to efface; to expunge; to cross out; as, to erase a word or a name. 2. Fig.: To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out; -- used of ideas in the mind or memory. Burke. Erased E*rased" (?), p. pr. & a. 1. Rubbed or scraped out; effaced; obliterated. 2. (Her.) Represented with jagged and uneven edges, as is torn off; -- used esp. of the head or limb of a beast. Cf. Couped. Erasement E*rase"ment (?), n. The act of erasing; a rubbing out; expunction; obliteration. Johnson. Eraser E*ras"er (?), n. One who, or that which, erases; esp., a sharp instrument or a piece of rubber used to erase writings, drawings, etc. Erasion E*ra"sion (?), n. The act of erasing; a rubbing out; obliteration. Erastian E*ras"tian (?; 106), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the followers of Thomas Erastus, a German physician and theologian of the 16th century. He held that the punishment of all offenses should be referred to the civil power, and that holy communion was open to all. In the present day, an Erastian is one who would see the church placed entirely under the control of the State. Shipley. Erastianism E*ras"tian*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The principles of the Erastains. Erasure E*ra"sure (?; 135), n. [From Erase.] The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration. Erative Er"a*tive (?), a. Pertaining to the Muse Erato who presided over amatory poetry. Stormonth. Erato Er"a*to (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The Muse who presided over lyric and amatory poetry. Erbium Er"bi*um (?), n. [NL. from Ytterby, in Sweden, where gadolinite is found. Cf. Terbium, Yttrium, Ytterbium.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia. Ercedeken Er`ce*de"ken (?), n. [OE., fr. pref. erce- = archi- + deken a deacon.] An archdeacon. [Obs.] Erd Erd (?), n. [OE. erd, eard, earth, land, country, AS. eard; akin to OS. ard dwelling place, OHG. art plowing, tillage, Icel. \'94r&edh; crop, and to L. arare to plow, E. ear to plow.] The earth. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Erd shrew (Zo\'94l.), the common European shrew (Sorex vulgaris); the shrewmouse. Ere Ere (?; 277), prep. & adv. [AS. , prep., adv., & conj.; akin to OS., OFries., & OHG. , G. eher, D. eer, Icel. \'ber, Goth. air. &root;204. Cf. Early, Erst, Or, adv.] 1. Before; sooner than. [Archaic or Poetic] Myself was stirring ere the break of day. Shak. Ere sails were spread new oceans to explore. Dryden. Sir, come down ere my child die. John iv. 49. 2. Rather than. I will be thrown into Etna, . . . ere I will leave her. Shak. Ere long, before, shortly. Shak. -- Ere now, formerly, heretofore. Shak. -- Ere that, AND Or are. Same as Ere. Shak. Ere Ere (?), v. t. To plow. [Obs.] See Ear, v. t. Chaucer. Erebus Er"e*bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Greek Myth.) A place of nether darkness, being the gloomy space through which the souls passed to Hades. See Milton's "Paradise Lost," Book II., line 883. 2. (Greek Myth.) The son of Chaos and brother of Nox, who dwelt in Erebus. To the infernal deep, with Erebus and tortures vile. Shak. Erect E*rect" (?), a. [L. erectus, p. p. of erigere to erect; e out + regere to lead straight. See Right, and cf. Alert.] 1. Upright, or having a vertical position; not inverted; not leaning or bent; not prone; as, to stand erect. Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. Milton. Among the Greek colonies and churches of Asia, Philadelphia is still erect -- a column of ruins. Gibbon. 2. Directed upward; raised; uplifted. His piercing eyes, erect, appear to view Superior worlds, and look all nature through. Pope. 3. Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed. But who is he, by years Bowed, but erect in heart? Keble. 4. Watchful; alert. Vigilant and erect attention of mind. Hooker. 5. (Bot.) Standing upright, with reference to the earth's surface, or to the surface to which it is attached. 6. (Her.) Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents, etc. Erect E*rect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erected; p. pr. & vb. n. Erecting.] 1. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set upright; to raise; as, to erect a pole, a flagstaff, a monument, etc. 2. To raise, as a building; to build; to construct; as, to erect a house or a fort; to set up; to put together the component parts of, as of a machine. 3. To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify. That didst his state above his hopes erect. Daniel. I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into a judge. Dryden. 4. To animate; to encourage; to cheer. It raiseth the dropping spirit, erecting it to a loving complaisance. Barrow. 5. To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, or the like. "To erect conclusions." Sir T. Browne. "Malebranche erects this proposition." Locke. 6. To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute. "To erect a new commonwealth." Hooker. Erecting shop (Mach.), a place where large machines, as engines, are put together and adjusted. Syn. -- To set up; raise; elevate; construct; build; institute; establish; found. Erect E*rect", v. i. To rise upright. [Obs.] By wet, stalks do erect. Bacon. Erectable E*rect"a*ble (?) a. Capable of being erected; as, an erectable feather. Col. G. Montagu. Erecter E*rect"er (?), n. An erector; one who raises or builds. Erectile E*rect"ile (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82rectile.] Capable of being erected; susceptible of being erected of dilated. Erectile tissue (Anat.), a tissue which is capable of being greatly dilated and made rigid by the distension of the numerous blood vessels which it contains. Erectility E`rec*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being erectile. Erection E*rec"tion (?), n. [L. erectio: cf. F. \'82rection.] 1. The act of erecting, or raising upright; the act of constructing, as a building or a wall, or of fitting together the parts of, as a machine; the act of founding or establishing, as a commonwealth or an office; also, the act of rousing to excitement or courage. 2. The state of being erected, lifted up, built, established, or founded; exaltation of feelings or purposes. Her peerless height my mind to high erection draws up. Sidney 3. State of being stretched to stiffness; tension. 4. Anything erected; a building of any kind. 5. (Physiol.) The state of a part which, from having been soft, has become hard and swollen by the accumulation of blood in the erectile tissue. <-- p. 50- --> Erective > E*rect"ive (?), a. Making erect or upright; raising; tending to erect. Erectly > E*rect"ly, adv. In an erect manner or posture. Erectness > E*rect"ness, n. Uprightness of posture or form. Erecto-patent > E*rec"to-pat"ent (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Having a position intermediate between erect and patent, or spreading. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Standing partially spread and erect; -- said of the wings of certain insects. Erector > E*rec"tor (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, erects. 2. (Anat.) A muscle which raises any part. 3. (Physics) An attachment to a microscope, telescope, or other optical instrument, for making the image erect instead of inverted. Erelong > Ere`long" (?; 115), adv. Before the ere long. A man, . . . following the stag, erelong slew him. Spenser. The world, erelong, a world of tears must weep. Milton. Eremacausis > Er`e*ma*cau"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A gradual oxidation from exposure to air and moisture, as in the decay of old trees or of dead animals. Eremitage > Er"e*mit*age (?), n. See Hermitage. Eremite > Er"e*mite (?), n. [See Hermit.] A hermit. Thou art my heaven, and I thy eremite. Keats. Eremitic, Eremitical > Er`e*mit"ic (?), Er`e*mit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an eremite; hermitical; living in solitude. "An eremitical life in the woods." Fuller. "The eremitic instinct." Lowell. Eremitish > Er"e*mi`tish (?), a. Eremitic. Bp. Hall. Eremitism > Er"e*mit*ism (?), n. The state of a hermit; a living in seclusion from social life. Eretation > E`re*ta"tion (?), n. [L. erepere to creep out; e out + repere to creep.] A creeping forth. [Obs.] Ereption > E*rep"tion (?), n. [L. ereptio, fr. eripere to snatch away; e out + rapere to snatch.] A snatching away. [Obs.] Cockeram. Erethism > Er"e*thism (?), n. [Gr. \'82r\'82thisme.] (Med.) A morbid degree of excitement or irritation in an organ. Hoblyn. Erethistic > Er`e*this"tic (?), a. [Gr. Relating to erethism. Erewhile, Erewhiles > Ere`while" (?), Ere`whiles" (?), adv. Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore. [Archaic] I am as fair now as I was erewhile. Shak. Erf > Erf (?), n.; pl. Erven (#). [D.] A garden plot, usually about half an acre. [Cape Colony] Erg > Erg (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of one centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot pound is equal to 13,560,000 ergs. Ergat > Er"gat (?), v. t. [L. ergo therefore.] To deduce logically, as conclusions. [Obs.] Hewyt. Ergo > Er"go (?), conj. OR adv. [L.] Therefore; consequently; -- often used in a jocular way. Shak. Ergot > Er"got (?), n. [F. ergot, argot, lit., a spur.] 1. A diseased condition of rye and other cereals, in which the grains become black, and often spur-shaped. It is caused by a parasitic fungus, Claviceps purpurea. 2. The mycelium or spawn of this fungus infecting grains of rye and wheat. It is a powerful remedial agent, and also a dangerous poison, and is used as a means of hastening childbirth, and to arrest bleeding. 3. (Far.) A stub, like soft horn, about the size of a chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint. 4. (Anat.) See 2d Calcar, 3 (b). Ergotic > Er*got"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, ergot; as, ergotic acid. Ergotin > Er"go*tin (?), n. (Med.) An extract made from ergot. Ergotine > Er"go*tine (?). (Chem.) A powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It is used to produce contraction of the uterus. Ergotism > Er"go*tism (?), n. [F. ergotisme, fr. L. ergo.] A logical deduction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Ergotism > Er"got*ism (?), n. [From Ergot, n.; cf. F. ergotisme.] (Med.) A diseased condition produced by eating rye affected with the ergot fungus. Ergotized > Er"got*ized (?), a. Affected with the ergot fungus; as, ergotized rye. Eriach, Eric > Er"i*ach (?), Er"ic (?), n. [Ir. eiric.] (Old Irish Law) A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of the murdered person. Erica > E*ri"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. L. erice heath, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of shrubby plants, including the heaths, many of them producing beautiful flowers. Ericaceous > Er`i*ca"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the Heath family, or resembling plants of that family; consisting of heats. Ericinol > E*ric"i*nol (?), n. [NL. ericaceae the Heath family + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oil (quickly becoming brown), with a pleasant odor, obtained by the decomposition of ericolin. Ericius > E*ri"ci*us (?), n. [L., a hedgehog.] The Vulgate rendering of the Hebrew word qip&omac;d, which in the "Authorized Version" is translated bittern, and in the Revised Version, porcupine. I will make it [Babylon] a possession for the ericius and pools of waters. Is. xiv. 23 (Douay version). Ericolin > E*ric"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the bearberry (and others of the Ericace\'91), and extracted as a bitter, yellow, amorphous mass. Eridanus > E*rid"a*nus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A long, winding constellation extending southward from Taurus and containing the bright star Achernar. Erigible > Er"i*gi*ble (?), a. [See Erect.] Capable of being erected. [Obs.] Erin > E"rin (?), n. [Ir. Cf. Aryan.] An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland. Erinaceous > Er`i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. erinaceus hedgehog.] (Zo\'94l.) Of the Hedgehog family; like, or characteristic of, a hedgehog. Eringo > E*rin"go (?), n. The sea holly. See Eryngo. Erinite > Er"i*nite (?), n. (Min.) A hydrous arseniate of copper, of an emerald-green color; -- so called from Erin, or Ireland, where it occurs. Erinys > E*rin"ys (?), n.; pl. Erinyes (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) An avenging deity; one of the Furies; sometimes, conscience personified. [Written also Erinnys.] Eriometer > E`ri*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Opt.) An instrument for measuring the diameters of minute particles or fibers, from the size of the colored rings produced by the diffraction of the light in which the objects are viewed. Eristalis > E*ris"ta*lis (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of dipterous insects whose young (called rat-tailed larv\'91) are remarkable for their long tapering tail, which spiracles at the tip, and for their ability to live in very impure and salt waters; -- also called drone fly. Eristic, Eristical > E*ris"tic (?), E*ris"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. Controversial. [Archaic] A specimen of admirable special pleading in the court of eristic logic. Coleridge. Erke > Erke (?), a. [Cf. Irk.] ASlothful. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Erlking > Erl"king` (?), n. [G. erlk\'94nig, fr. Dan. ellekonge elfking.] A personification, in German and Scandinavian mythology, of a spirit natural power supposed to work mischief and ruin, esp. to children. Erme > Erme (?), v. i. [OE. ermen, AS. yrman. Cf. Yearn.] To grieve; to feel sad. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ermelin, Ermilin > Er"me*lin (?), Er"mi*lin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ermine. Shenstone. Ermin > Er"min (?), n. [OF. Ermin, L. Armenius.] An Armenian. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ermine > Er"mine (?), n. [OF. ermine, F. hermine, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. harmo, G. hermelin, akin to Lith. szarm, szarmonys, weasel, cf. AS. hearma; but cf. also LL. armelinus, armellina, hermellina, and pellis Armenia, the fur of the Armenian rat, mus Armenius, the animal being found also in Armenia.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A valuable fur-bearing animal of the genus Mustela (M. erminea), allied to the weasel; the stoat. It is found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. In summer it is brown, but in winter it becomes white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black. 2. The fur of the ermine, as prepared for ornamenting garments of royalty, etc., by having the tips of the tails, which are black, arranged at regular intervals throughout the white. 3. By metonymy, the office or functions of a judge, whose state robe, lined with ermine, is emblematical of purity and honor without stain. Chatham. 4. (Her.) One of the furs. See Fur (Her.) NOTE: &hand; Er mine is represented by an argent field, tufted with black. Ermines is the reverse of ermine, being black, spotted or timbered with argent. Erminois is the same as ermine, except that or is substituted for argent. Ermine moth (Zo\'94l.), a white moth with black spots (esp. Yponomeuta padella of Europe); -- so called on account of the resemblance of its covering to the fur of the ermine; also applied to certain white bombycid moths of America. Ermine > Er"mine, v. t. To clothe with, or as with, ermine. The snows that have ermined it in the winter. Lowell. Ermined > Er"mined (?), a. Clothed or adorned with the fur of the ermine. Pope. Ermines, n., Erminois > Er"mines (?), n., Er"min*ois (, n. (Her.) See Note under Ermine, n., 4. Ermit > Er"mit (?), n. [See Hermit.] A hermit. [Obs.] Ern, Erne > Ern, Erne (?), n. [AS. earn eagle; akin to D. arend, OHG. aro, G. aar, Icel., Sw., & Dan. \'94rn, Goth. ara, and to Gr. Ornithology.] (Zo\'94l.) A sea eagle, esp. the European white-tailed sea eagle (Hali\'91etus albicilla). Ern > Ern (?), v. i. [Cf. Erme.] To stir with strong emotion; to grieve; to mourn. NOTE: [Corrupted into yearn in modern editions of Shakespeare.] [Obs.] Ernest > Er"nest (?), n. See Earnest. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ernestful > Er"nest*ful (?), a. [See Earnest, a.] Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer. Erode > E*rode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eroded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eroding.] [L. erodere, erosum; e out + rodere to gnaw. See Rodent.] To eat into or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh. "The blood . . . erodes the vessels." Wiseman. The smaller charge is more apt to . . . erode the gun. Am. Cyc. Eroded > E*rod"ed, p. p. & a. 1. Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away. 2. (Bot.) Having the edge worn away so as to be jagged or irregularly toothed. Erodent > E*rod"ent (?), n. [L. erodens, -entis, p. pr. of erodere. See Erode.] (Med.) A medicine which eats away extraneous growths; a caustic. Erogate > Er"o*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erogated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Erogating (?).] [L. erogatus, p. p. of erogare; e out + rogare to ask.] To lay out, as money; to deal out; to expend. [Obs.] Erogation > Er`o*ga"tion (?), n. [L. erogatio.] The act of giving out or bestowing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Eros > E"ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Greek Myth.) Love; the god of love; -- by earlier writers represented as one of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the son of Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid. Erose > E*rose" (?), a. [L. erosus, p. p. See Erode.] 1. Irregular or uneven as if eaten or worn away. 2. (Bot.) Jagged or irregularly toothed, as if nibbled out or gnawed. -- E*rose"ly, adv. Erosion > E*ro"sion (?), n. [L. erosio. See Erode.] 1. The act or operation of eroding or eating away. 2. The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker. Erosive > E*ro"sive (?), a. That erodes or gradually eats away; tending to erode; corrosive. Humble. Erostrate > E*ros"trate (?), a. [Pref. e- out + rostrate.] (Bot.) Without a beak. Eroteme > Er"o*teme (?), n. [Gr. A mark indicating a question; a note of interrogation. Erotesis > Er`o*te"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure o Must I give way and room to your rash choler? Shall I be frighted when a madman stares? Shak. Erotic, Erotical > E*rot"ic (?), E*rot"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. \'82rotique. See Eros.] Of or pertaining to the passion of love; treating of love; amatory. Erotic > E*rot"ic, n. An amorous composition or poem. Eroticism > E*rot"i*cism (?), n. Erotic quality. Erpetologist > Er`pe*tol"o*gist (?), n. Herpetologist. Erpetology > Er`pe*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. erp\'82tologie.] (Zo\'94l.) Herpetology. Err > Err (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Erred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Erring (?; 277, 85).] [F. errer, L. errare; akin to G. irren, OHG. irran, v. t., irr, v. i., OS. irrien, Sw. irra, Dan. irre, Goth, a\'a1rzjan to lead astray, airzise astray.] 1. To wander; to roam; to stray. [Archaic] "Why wilt thou err from me?" Keble. What seemeth to you, if there were to a man an hundred sheep and one of them hath erred. Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 12). 2. To deviate from the true course; to miss the thing aimed at. "My jealous aim might err." Shak. 3. To miss intellectual truth; to fall into error; to mistake in judgment or opinion; to be mistaken. The man may err in his judgment of circumstances. Tillotson. 4. To deviate morally from the right way; to go astray, in a figurative sense; to do wrong; to sin. Do they not err that devise evil? Prov. xiv. 22. 5. To offend, as by erring. Errable > Er"ra*ble (?), a. Liable to error; fallible. Errableness > Er"ra*ble*ness, n. Liability to error. Dr. H. More. Errabund > Er"ra*bund (?), a. [L. errabundus.] Erratic. "Errabund guesses." Southey. Errancy > Er"ran*cy (?), n. [L. errantia.] A wandering; state of being in error. Errand > Er"rand (?), n. [OE. erende, erande, message, business, AS. \'91rende, \'91rend; akin to OS. arundi, OHG. arunti, Icel. eyrendi, \'94rendi, erendi, Sw. \'84rende, Dan. \'91rende; perh. akin to AS. earu swift, Icel. \'94rr, and to L. oriri to rise, E. orient.] A special business intrusted to a messenger; something to be told or done by one sent somewhere for the purpose; often, a verbal message; a commission; as, the servant was sent on an errand; to do an errand. Also, one's purpose in going anywhere. I have a secret errand to thee, O king. Judg. iii. 19. I will not eat till I have told mine errand. Gen. xxiv. 33. <-- 2. Any specific task, usually of a routine nature, requiring some form of travel, usually locally. An errand is often on behalf of someone else, but sometimes for one's own purposes. To run an errand. To perform an errand[2]. 3. A mission. --> Errant > Er"rant (?), a. [F. errant, p. pr. fr. OF. errer to travel, LL. iterare, fr. L. iter journey; confused somewhat with L. errare to err. See Eyre, and cf. Arrant, Itinerant.] 1. Wandering; deviating from an appointed course, or from a direct path; roving. Seven planets or errant stars in the lower orbs of heaven. Sir T. Browne. 2. Notorious; notoriously bad; downright; arrant. Would make me an errant fool. B. Jonson. 3. (Eng. Law) Journeying; itinerant; -- formerly applied to judges who went on circuit and to bailiffs at large. Mozley & W. Errant > Er"rant, n. One who wanders about. [Obs.] Fuller. Errantia > Er*ran"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. errare to wander. See Err.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of ch\'91topod annelids, including those that are not confined to tubes. See Ch\'91topoda. [Written also Errantes.] Errantry > Er"rant*ry (?), n. 1. A wandering; a roving; esp., a roving in quest of adventures. Addison. 2. The employment of a knight-errant. Johnson. Errata > Er*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [L.] See Erratum. Erratic > Er*rat"ic (?), a. [L. erraticus, fr. errare to wander: cf. F. erratique. See Err.] 1. Having no certain course; roving about without a fixed destination; wandering; moving; -- hence, applied to the planets as distinguished from the fixed stars. The earth and each erratic world. Blackmore. 2. Deviating from a wise of the common course in opinion or conduct; eccentric; strange; queer; as, erratic conduct. 3. Irregular; changeable. "Erratic fever." Harvey. Erratic blocks, gravel, etc. (Geol.), masses of stone which have been transported from their original resting places by the agency of water, ice, or other causes. -- Erratic phenomena, the phenomena which relate to transported materials on the earth's surface. Erratic > Er*rat"ic, n. 1. One who deviates from common and accepted opinions; one who is eccentric or preserve in his intellectual character. _________________________________________________________________ Page 508 2. A rogue. [Obs.] Cockeram. 3. (Geol.) Any stone or material that has been borne away from its original site by natural agencies; esp., a large block or fragment of rock; a bowlder. NOTE: &hand; In th e pl ural the term is applied especially to the loose gravel and stones on the earth's surface, including what is called drift. Erratical Er*rat"ic*al (?), a. Erratic. -- Er*rat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Er*rat"ic*al*ness, n. Erration Er*ra"tion (?), n. [L. erratio. See Err.] A wandering; a roving about. [Obs.] Cockeram. Erratum Er*ra"tum (?), n.; pl. Errata (#). [L., fr. errare, erratum, to wander, err. See Err.] An error or mistake in writing or printing. A single erratum may knock out the brains of a whole passage. Cowper. Erthine Er"thine (?), n. [Gr. errhin.] (Med.) A medicine designed to be snuffed up the nose, to promote discharges of mucus; a sternutatory. Coxe. -- a. Causing or increasing secretion of nasal mucus. Erroneous Er*ro"ne*ous (?), a. [L. erroneus, fr. errare to err. See Err.] 1. Wandering; straying; deviating from the right course; -- hence, irregular; unnatural. [Obs.] "Erroneous circulation." Arbuthnot. Stopped much of the erroneous light, which otherwise would have disturbed the vision. Sir I. Newman. 2. Misleading; misled; mistaking. [Obs.] An erroneous conscience commands us to do what we ought to omit. Jer. Taylor. 3. Containing error; not conformed to truth or justice; incorrect; false; mistaken; as, an erroneous doctrine; erroneous opinion, observation, deduction, view, etc. -- Er*ro"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Er*ro"ne*ous*ness, n. Error Er"ror (?), n. [OF. error, errur, F. erreur, L. error, fr. errare to err. See Err.] 1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.] The rest of his journey, his error by sea. B. Jonson. 2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in printing; a clerical error. 3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension. Herror, though his candor remained unimpaired. Bancroft. 4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or transgression; iniquity; fault. Ps. xix. 12. 5. (Math.) The difference between the approximate result and the true result; -- used particularly in the rule of double position. 6. (Mensuration) (a) The difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity. (b) The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the true value; -- sometimes called residual error. 7. (Law.) A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters of law or of fact. 8. (Baseball) A fault of a player of the side in the field which results in failure to put out a player on the other side, or gives him an unearned base. Law of error, OR Law of frequency of error (Mensuration), the law which expresses the relation between the magnitude of an error and the frequency with which that error will be committed in making a large number of careful measurements of a quantity. -- Probable error. (Mensuration) See under Probable. -- Writ of error (Law), an original writ, which lies after judgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to correct some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the judgment of the court. Bouvier. Burrill. Syn. -- Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion; hallucination; sin. See Blunder. Errorful Er"ror*ful (?), a. Full of error; wrong. Foxe. Errorist Er"ror*ist, n. One who encourages and propagates error; one who holds to error. Ers Ers (?), n. [F., fr. L. ervum a kind of pulse, bitter vetch.] (Bot.) The bitter vetch (Ervum Ervilia). Erse Erse (?), n. [A modification of Irish, OE. Irishe.] A name sometimes given to that dialect of the Celtic which is spoken in the Highlands of Scotland; -- called, by the Highlanders, Gaelic. Erse Erse, a. Of or pertaining to the Celtic race in the Highlands of Scotland, or to their language. Ersh Ersh (?), n. See Arrish. Erst Erst (?), adv. [Orig. superlative of ere; AS. . See Ere.] [Archaic] 1. First. Chaucer. 2. Previously; before; formerly; heretofore. Chaucer. Tityrus, with whose style he had erst disclaimed all ambition to match his pastoral pipe. A. W. Ward. At erst, at first; at the beginning. -- Now at erst, at this present time. Chaucer. Erstwhile Erst`while" (?), adv. Till then or now; heretofore; formerly. [Archaic] Erubescence; 135, Erubescency Er`u*bes"cence (?; 135), Er`u*bes"cen*cy (?), n. [L. erubescentia: cf. F. \'82rubescence.] The act of becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of anything; a blushing. Erubescent Er`u*bes"cent (?), a. [L. erubescens, p. pr. erubescere to grow red; e out + rubescere. See Rubescent.] Red, or reddish; blushing. Johnson. Erubescite Er`u*bes"cite (?), n. (Min.) See Bornite. Eruca E*ru"ca (?), n.; pl. Eruc\'91 (#). [L., a caterpillar, also, a sort of colewort.] (Zo\'94l.) An insect in the larval state; a caterpillar; a larva. Erucic E*ru"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, a genus of cruciferous Mediterranean herbs (Eruca or Brassica); as, erucic acid, a fatty acid resembling oleic acid, and found in colza oil, mustard oil, etc. Erucifrom E*ru"ci*from (?), a. [Eruca + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form of a caterpillar; -- said of insect larv\'91. Eruct, Eructate E*ruct" (?), E*ruc"tate (?), v. t. [L. eructare; e out + ructare to belch: cf. F. \'82ructer.] To eject, as wind, from the stomach; to belch. [R.] Howell. Eructation Er`uc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. eructatio: cf. F. \'82ructation.] 1. The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch. 2. A violent belching out or emitting, as of gaseous or other matter from the crater of a volcano, geyser, etc. Erudiate E*ru"di*ate (?), v. t. [L. erudire.] To instruct; to educate; to teach. [Obs.] The skillful goddess there erudiates these In all she did. Fanshawe. Erudite Er"u*dite (?; 135), a. [L. eruditus, p. p. of erudire to free from rudeness, to polish, instruct; e out + rudis rude: cf. F. \'82rudit. See Rude.] Characterized by extensive reading or knowledge; well instructed; learned. "A most erudite prince." Sir T. More. "Erudite . . . theology." I. Taylor. -- Er"u*dite`ly, adv. -- Er"u*dite`ness, n. Erudition Er`u*di"tion (?), n. [L. eruditio: cf. F. \'82rudition.] The act of instructing; the result of thorough instruction; the state of being erudite or learned; the acquisitions gained by extensive reading or study; particularly, learning in literature or criticism, as distinct from the sciences; scholarship. The management of a young lady's person is not be overlooked, but the erudition of her mind is much more to be regarded. Steele. The gay young gentleman whose erudition sat so easily upon him. Macaulay. Syn. -- Literature; learning. See Literature. Erugate Er"u*gate (?), a. [L. erugatus, p. p. of erugare to smooth; e out + ruga wrinkle.] Freed from wrinkles; smooth. Eruginous E*ru"gi*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82rugineux. See \'92ruginous.] Partaking of the substance or nature of copper, or of the rust copper; resembling the trust of copper or verdigris; \'91ruginous. Erumpent E*rum"pent (?), a. [L. erumpens, -entis, p. pr. of erumpere.] (Bot.) Breaking out; -- said of certain fungi which burst through the texture of leaves. Erupt E*rupt" (?), v. t. [See Eruption.] To cause to burst forth; to eject; as, to erupt lava. Huxley. Eruption E*rup"tion (?), n. [L. eruptio, fr. erumpere, eruptum, to break out; e out + rumpere, to break: cf. F. \'82ruption. See Rupture.] 1. The act of breaking out or bursting forth; as: (a) A violent throwing out of flames, lava, etc., as from a volcano of a fissure in the earth's crust. (b) A sudden and overwhelming hostile movement of armed men from one country to another. Milton. (c) A violent commotion. All Paris was quiet . . . to gather fresh strength for the next day's eruption. W. Irving. 2. That which bursts forth. 3. A violent exclamation; ejaculation. He would . . . break out into bitter and passionate eruditions. Sir H. Wotton. 4. (Med.) The breaking out of pimples, or an efflorescence, as in measles, scarlatina, etc. Eruptional E*rup"tion*al (?), a. Eruptive. [R.] R. A. Proctor. Eruptive E*rup"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82ruptif.] 1. Breaking out or bursting forth. The sudden glance Appears far south eruptive through the cloud. Thomson. 2. (Med.) Attended with eruption or efflorescence, or producing it; as, an eruptive fever. 3. (Geol.) Produced by eruption; as, eruptive rocks, such as the igneous or volcanic. Eruptive E*rup"tive, n. (Geol.) An eruptive rock. Erynggium E*ryng"gi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. eryngion, erynge.] (Bot.) A genus of umbelliferous plants somewhat like thistles in appearance. Eryngium maritimum, or sea holly, has been highly esteemed as an aphrodisiac, the roots being formerly candied. Eryngo E*ryn"go (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Eryngium. Erysipelas Er`y*sip"e*las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Red, and Pell, n.] (Med.) St. Anthony's fire; a febrile disease accompanied with a diffused inflammation of the skin, which, starting usually from a single point, spreads gradually over its surface. It is usually regarded as contagious, and often occurs epidemically. Erysipelatoid Er`y*si*pel"a*toid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling erysipelas. Erysipelatous Er`y*si*pel"a*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82rysip\'82lateux.] Resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature. Erysipelous Er`y*sip"e*lous (?), a. Erysipelatous. Erythema Er`y*the"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the skin, in which a diffused inflammation forms rose-colored patches of variable size. Erythematic Er`y*the*mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82ryth\'82matique.] (Med.) Characterized by, or causing, a morbid redness of the skin; relating to erythema. Erythematous Er`y*them"a*tous (?), a. (Med.) Relating to, or causing, erythema. Erythrean, Erythr\'91an Er`y*thre"an, Er`y*thr\'91"an (?), a. [L. erythraeus; Gr. Red in color. "The erythrean main." Milton. Erythric E*ryth"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, erythrin. Erythrin, Erythrine E*ryth"rin, E*ryth"rine (?), n. [Gr. 1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C20H22O10, extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of Rocella. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So called because of certain red compounds derived from it. Called also erythric acid. 2. (Min.) See Erythrite, 2. Erythrina Er`y*thri"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants growing in the tropics; coral tree; -- so called from its red flowers. Erythrism E*ryth"rism (?), n. [Gr. \'82rythrisme.] (Zo\'94l.) A condition of excessive redness. See Erythrochroism. Erythrite E*ryth"rite (?), n. [Gr. 1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C4H6.(OH)4, of a sweet, cooling taste, extracted from certain lichens, and obtained by the decomposition of erythrin; -- called also erythrol, erythroglucin, erythromannite, pseudorcin, cobalt bloom, and under the name phycite obtained from the alga Protococcus vulgaris. It is a tetrabasic alcohol, corresponding to glycol and glycerin. <-- now usu. called erythritol, HO.CH2.CHOH.CHOH.CH2.OH Has coronary vasodilator activity. --> 2. (Min.) A rose-red mineral, crystallized and earthy, a hydrous arseniate of cobalt, known also as cobalt bloom; -- called also erythrin or erythrine. Erythrochroic E*ryth`ro*chro"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having, or subject to, erythrochroism. Erythrochroism E*ryth"ro*chro*ism (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An unusual redness, esp. in the plumage of birds, or hair of mammals, independently of age, sex, or season. Erythrodextrin E*ryth`ro*dex"trin (?), n. [Gr. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A dextrin which gives a red color with iodine. See Dextrin. Erythrogen E*ryth"ro*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.) (a) Carbon disulphide; -- so called from certain red compounds which it produces in combination with other substances. (b) A substance reddened by acids, which is supposed to be contained in flowers. (c) A crystalline substance obtained from diseased bile, which becomes blood-red when acted on by nitric acid or ammonia. Erythrogranulose E*ryth`ro*gran"u*lose (?), n. [Gr. granulose.] (Physiol. Chem.) A term applied by Br\'81cke to a substance present in small amount in starch granules, colored red by iodine. Erythroid Er"y*throid (?), a. [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr. Of a red color; reddish; as, the erythroid tunic (the cremaster muscle). Erythroleic Er`y*thro"le*ic (?), a. [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Having a red color and oily appearance; -- applied to a purple semifluid substance said to be obtained from archil. Erythrolein Er`y*thro"le*in (?), n. [See Erythroleic.] (Chem.) A red substance obtained from litmus. Erythrolitmin E*ryth`ro*lit"min (?), n. [Gr. litmus.] (Chem.) Erythrolein. Erythronium Er`y*thro"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Chem.) A name originally given (from its red acid) to the metal vanadium. [R.] Erythrophleine E*ryth`ro*phle"ine (?; 104), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline alkaloid, extracted from sassy bark (Erythrophleum Guineense). Erythrophyll, Erythrophyllin E*ryth"ro*phyll (?), Er`y*throph"yl*lin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Bot.) The red coloring matter of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in distinction from chlorophyll. Erythrosin E*ryth"ro*sin (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) (a) A red substance formed by the oxidation of tyrosin. (b) A red dyestuff obtained from fluoresce\'8bn by the action of iodine. Erythroxylon Er`y*throx"y*lon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs or small trees of the Flax family, growing in tropical countries. E. Coca is the source of cocaine. See Coca. Erythrozyme E*ryth"ro*zyme (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A ferment extracted from madder root, possessing the power of inducing alcoholic fermentation in solutions of sugar. Escalade Es`ca*lade" (?), n. [F., Sp. escalada (cf. It. scalata), fr. Sp. escalar to scale, LL. scalare, fr. L. scala ladder. See Scale, v. t.] (Mil.) A furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart. Sin enters, not by escalade, but by cunning or treachery. Buckminster. Escalade Es`ca*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaladed; p. pr. & vb. n. Escalading.] (Mil.) To mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; to scale; as, to escalate a wall. Escallop Es*cal"lop (?), n. See Escalop. Escalloped Es*cal"loped (?), a. See Escaloped. Escalop Es*cal"op (?; 277), n. [OF. escalope shell, F. escalope a sort of cut of meat. See Scallop.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A bivalve shell of the genus Pecten. See Scallop. 2. A regular, curving indenture in the margin of anything. See Scallop. "So many jags or escalops." Ray. 3. (a) The figure or shell of an escalop, considered as a sign that the bearer had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Hence: (b) (Her.) A bearing or a charge consisting of an escalop shell. Escaloped Es*cal"oped (?), a. 1. Cut or marked in the form of an escalop; scalloped. 2. (Her.) Covered with a pattern resembling a series of escalop shells, each of which issues from between two others. Its appearance is that of a surface covered with scales. Escaloped oysters (Cookery). See under Scalloped. Escambio Es*cam"bi*o (?), n. [LL. escambium, excambium. See Excamb.] (Eng. Law) A license formerly required for the making over a bill of exchange to another over sea. Cowell. Escapable Es*cap"a*ble (?), a. Avoidable. Escapade Es`ca*pade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. escapada escape, fr. escapar to escape; or F., fr. It. scappata escape, escapade, fr. scappare to escape. see Escape.] 1. The fling of a horse, or ordinary kicking back of his heels; a gambol. _________________________________________________________________ Page 509 2. Act by which one breaks loose from the rules of propriety or good sense; a freak; a prank. Carlyle. Escape Es*cape" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Escaping.] [OE. escapen, eschapen, OF. escaper, eschaper, F. echapper, fr. LL. ex cappa out of one's cape or cloak; hence, to slip out of one's cape and escape. See 3d Cape, and cf. Scape, v.] 1. To flee from and avoid; to be saved or exempt from; to shun; to obtain security from; as, to escape danger. "Sailors that escaped the wreck." Shak. 2. To avoid the notice of; to pass unobserved by; to evade; as, the fact escaped our attention. They escaped the search of the enemy. Ludlow. Escape Es*cape", v. i. 1. To flee, and become secure from danger; -- often followed by from or out of. Haste, for thy life escape, nor look behindKeble. 2. To get clear from danger or evil of any form; to be passed without harm. Such heretics . . . would have been thought fortunate, if they escaped with life. Macaulay. 3. To get free from that which confines or holds; -- used of persons or things; as, to escape from prison, from arrest, or from slavery; gas escapes from the pipes; electricity escapes from its conductors. To escape out of these meshes. Thackeray. Escape Es*cape", n. 1. The act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or any evil; flight; as, an escape in battle; a narrow escape; also, the means of escape; as, a fire escape. I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8. 2. That which escapes attention or restraint; a mistake; an oversight; also, transgression. [Obs.] I should have been more accurate, and corrected all those former escapes. Burton. 3. A sally. "Thousand escapes of wit." Shak. 4. (Law) The unlawful permission, by a jailer or other custodian, of a prisoner's departure from custody. NOTE: &hand; Es cape is te chnically di stinguishable fr om prison breach, which is the unlawful departure of the prisoner from custody, escape being the permission of the departure by the custodian, either by connivance or negligence. The term escape, however, is applied by some of the old authorities to a departure from custody by stratagem, or without force. Wharton. 5. (Arch.) An apophyge. 6. Leakage or outflow, as of steam or a liquid. 7. (Elec.) Leakage or loss of currents from the conducting wires, caused by defective insulation. Escape pipe (Steam Boilers), a pipe for carrying away steam that escapes through a safety valve. -- Escape valve (Steam Engine), a relief valve; a safety valve. See under Relief, and Safety. -- Escape wheel (Horol.), the wheel of an escapement. Escapement Es*cape"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82chappement. See Escape.] 1. The act of escaping; escape. [R.] 2. Way of escape; vent. [R.] An escapement for youthful high spirits. G. Eliot. 3. The contrivance in a timepiece which connects the train of wheel work with the pendulum or balance, giving to the latter the impulse by which it is kept in vibration; -- so called because it allows a tooth to escape from a pallet at each vibration. NOTE: &hand; Es capements are of several kinds, as the vertical, or verge, or crown, escapement, formerly used in watches, in which two pallets on the balance arbor engage with a crown wheel; the anchor escapement, in which an anchor-shaped piece carries the pallets; -- used in common clocks (both are called recoil escapements, from the recoil of the escape wheel at each vibration); the cylinder escapement, having an open-sided hollow cylinder on the balance arbor to control the escape wheel; the duplex escapement, having two sets of teeth on the wheel; the lever escapement, which is a kind of detached escapement, because the pallets are on a lever so arranged that the balance which vibrates it is detached during the greater part of its vibration and thus swings more freely; the detent escapement, used in chronometers; the remontoir escapement, in which the escape wheel is driven by an independent spring or weight wound up at intervals by the clock train, -- sometimes used in astronomical clocks. When the shape of an escape-wheel tooth is such that it falls dead on the pallet without recoil, it forms a deadbeat escapement. Escaper Es*cap"er (?), n. One who escapes. Escarbuncle Es*car"bun*cle (?), n. [OF. escarbuncle, F. escaboucle.] (Her.) See Carbuncle, 3. Escargatoire Es*car`ga*toire" (?), n. [F. escargoti\'8are, fr. escargot snail.] A nursery of snails. [Obs.] Addison. Escarp Es*carp" (?), n. [F. escarpe (cf. Sp. escarpa, It. scarpa), fr. escarper to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German origin: cf. G. scharf sharp,, E. sharp, or perh. scrape.] (Fort.) The side of the ditch next the parapet; -- same as scarp, and opposed to counterscarp. Escarp Es*carp", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escarped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Escarping.] (Mil.) To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a scrap. Carleton. Escarpment Es*carp"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. escarpement.] A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach. See Scarp. -escent -es"cent (?). [From the ending -escens, -entis, of the p. pr. of inchoative verbs in Latin.] A suffix signifying beginning, beginning to be; as, adolescent, effervescent, etc. Eschalot Esch`a*lot" (?), n. (Bot.) See Shallot. Eschar Es"char (?), n. [L. eschara, Gr. eschare. See Scar.] (Med.) A dry slough, crust, or scab, which separates from the healthy part of the body, as that produced by a burn, or the application of caustics. Eschar Es"char (?), n. [Ir.] (Geol.) In Ireland, one of the continuous mounds or ridges of gravelly and sandy drift which extend for many miles over the surface of the country. Similar ridges in Scotland are called kames or kams. [Written also eskar and esker.] Eschara Es"cha*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Bryozoa which produce delicate corals, often incrusting like lichens, but sometimes branched. Escharine Es"cha*rine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Eschara, or family Escharid\'91. Escharotic Es`cha*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. escharotique.] (Med.) Serving or tending to form an eschar;; producing a scar; caustic. Escharotic Es`cha*rot"ic, n. (Med.) A substance which produces an eschar; a caustic, esp., a mild caustic. Eschatological Es`cha*to*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to the last or final things. Eschatology Es`cha*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment, and the events therewith connected. Eschaunge Es*chaunge" (?), n. Exchange. [Obs.] Escheat Es*cheat" (?), n. [OE. eschete, escheyte, an escheat, fr. OF. escheit, escheoit, escheeite, esheoite, fr. escheoir (F. \'82choir) to fall to, fall to the lot of; pref. es- (L. ex) + cheoir, F. choir, to fall, fr. L. cadere. See Chance, and cf. Cheat.] 1. (Law) (a) (Feud. & Eng. Law) The falling back or reversion of lands, by some casualty or accident, to the lord of the fee, in consequence of the extinction of the blood of the tenant, which may happen by his dying without heirs, and formerly might happen by corruption of blood, that is, by reason of a felony or attainder. Tomlins. Blackstone. (b) (U. S. Law) The reverting of real property to the State, as original and ultimate proprietor, by reason of a failure of persons legally entitled to hold the same. NOTE: &hand; A di stinction is carefully made, by English writers, between escheat to the lord of the fee and forfeiture to the crown. But in this country, where the State holds the place of chief lord of the fee, and is entitled to take alike escheat and by forfeiture, this distinction is not essential. Tomlins. Kent. (c) A writ, now abolished, to recover escheats from the person in possession. Blackstone. 2. Lands which fall to the lord or the State by escheat. 3. That which falls to one; a reversion or return To make me great by others' loss is bad escheat. Spenser. Escheat Es*cheat", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Esheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Escheating.] (Law) To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or the State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to hold the same, or by forfeiture. NOTE: &hand; In th is country it is the general rule that when the title to land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it necessarily escheats to the State; but forfeiture of estate from crime is hardly known in this country, and corruption of blood is universally abolished. Kent. Bouvier. Escheat Es*cheat", v. t. (Law) To forfeit. Bp. Hall. Escheatable Es*cheat"a*ble (?), a. Liable to escheat. Escheatage Es*cheat"age (?; 48), n. The right of succeeding to an escheat. Sherwood. Escheator Es*cheat"or (?), n. (Law) An officer whose duty it is to observe what escheats have taken place, and to take charge of them. Burrill. Eschevin Es"che*vin (?), n. [OF. eschevin, a sort of magistrate, alderman, F. \'82chevin.] The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild. [Obs.] Eschew Es*chew" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eshewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eshewing.] [OF. eschever, eschiver, eskiver, F. esquiver, fr. OHG. sciuhen, G. scheuen; akin to E. sky. See Shy, a.] 1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of distaste; to keep one's self clear of. They must not only eschew evil, but do good. Bp. Beveridge. 2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.] He who obeys, destruction shall eschew. Sandys. Eschewer Es*chew"er (?), n. One who eschews. Eschewment Es*chew"ment (?), n. The act of eschewing. [R.] Eschscholtzia Esch*scholtz"i*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Dr. Eschscholtz, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of papaveraceous plants, found in California and upon the west coast of North America, some species of which produce beautiful yellow, orange, rose-colored, or white flowers; the California poppy. Eschynite Es"chy*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A rare mineral, containing chiefly niobium, titanium, thorium, and cerium. It was so called by Berzelius on account of the inability of chemical science, at the time of its discovery, to separate some of its constituents. Escocheon Es*coch"eon (?), n. Escutcheon. [Obs.] Escopet, Escopette Es`co*pet", Es`co*pette" (?), n. [Sp. escopeta, F. escopette.] A kind of firearm; a carbine. Escorial Es*co"ri*al (?), n. [Sp.] See Escurial. Escort Es"cort (?), n. [F. escorte, It. scorta a guard or guide, fr. scorgere to perceive, discern, lead, fr. L. ex out, quite + corrigere to correct, set right. See Correct.] 1. A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for the sake of affording safety when on a journey; one who conducts some one as an attendant; a guard, as of prisoners on a march; also, a body of persons, attending as a mark of respect or honor; -- applied to movements on land, as convoy is to movements at sea. The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate. Burke. 2. Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion; as, to travel under the escort of a friend. Escort Es*cort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Escorting.] [Cf. F. escorter, It. scortare. See Escort, n.] To attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; -- used esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land; as, to escort a public functionary, or a lady; to escort a baggage wagon. Syn. -- To accompany; attend. See Accompany. Escot Es*cot" (?), n. [OF.] See Scot, a tax. [Obs.] Escot Es*cot", v. t. To pay the reckoning for; to support; to maintain. [Obs.] Shak. Escouade Es`couade" (?), n. See Squad, Escout Es*cout" (?), n. See Scout. [Obs.] Hayward. Escribed Es*cribed" (?), a. [L. e out, out of + scribere to write.] Drawn outside of; -- used to designate a circle that touches one of the sides of a given triangle, and also the other two sides produced. Escript Es"cript (?), n. [OF.] A writing. [Obs.] Escritoire Es`cri*toire" (?), n. [OF. escritoire, F. \'82critoire, LL. scriptorium, fr. L. scriptorius belonging to writing, fr. sribere to write. See Script, and cf. Scrutoire.] A piece of furniture used as a writing table, commonly with drawers, pigeonholes, and the like; a secretary or writing desk. Escritorial Es`cri*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an escritoire. Escrod Es*crod" (?), n. See Scrod, a young cod. Escrol, Escroll Es*crol", Es*croll" (?), n. [See Escrow, Scroll.] 1. A scroll. [Obs.] 2. (Her.) (a) A long strip or scroll resembling a ribbon or a band of parchment, or the like, anciently placed above the shield, and supporting the crest. (b) In modern heraldry, a similar ribbon on which the motto is inscribed. Escrow Es"crow (?), n. [OF. escroe, escroue, a roll of writings, bond. See Scroll.] (Law) A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a third person, to be held by him till some act is done or some condition is performed, and then to be by him delivered to the grantee. Blackstone. Escuage Es"cu*age (?; 48), n. [OF. escuage, F. \'82cuage, from OF. escu shield, F. \'82cu. See Esquire.] (Feud. Law) Service of the shield, a species of knight service by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war, at his own charge. It was afterward exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction. Called also scutage. Blackstone. Esculapian Es`cu*la"pi*an (?), n. \'92sculapian. Esculapius Es`cu*la"pi*us (?), n. Same as \'92sculapius. Esculent Es"cu*lent (?), a. [L. esculentus, fr. escare to eat, fr. esca food, fr. edere to eat: cf. F. esculent. See Eat.] Suitable to be used by man for food; eatable; edible; as, esculent plants; esculent fish. Esculent grain for food. Sir W. Jones. Esculent swallow (Zo\'94l.), the swallow which makes the edible bird's-nest. See Edible bird's-nest, under Edible. Esculent Es"cu*lent, n. Anything that is fit for eating; that which may be safely eaten by man. Esculic Es*cu"lic (?), a. [From NL. Aesculus, the generic name of the horse-chestnut, fr. L. aesculus a kind of oak.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the horse-chestnut; as, esculic acid. Esculin Es*cu"lin (?), n. [See Esculic.] (Chem.) A glucoside obtained from the \'92sculus hippocastanum, or horse-chestnut, and characterized by its fine blue fluorescent solutions. [Written also \'91sculin.] Escurial Es*cu"ri*al (?), n. [Prop. Sp. escorial, i. e., a hill or heap of rubbish, earth, and stones brought out of a mine, fr. escoria dross of metal, L. scoria, fr. Gr. Scoria.] A palace and mausoleum of the kinds of Spain, being a vast and wonderful structure about twenty-five miles northwest of Madrid. NOTE: &hand; Th e gr ound pl an is sa id to be in the form of a gridiron, the structure being designed in honor of St. Lawrence, who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on gridiron; but the resemblance is very slight. It is nearly square, inclosing several courts, and has a projecting mass which stands for the handle. Escutcheon Es*cutch"eon (?), n. [OF. escusson, F. \'82cusson, from OF. escu shield, F. \'82cu. See Esquire, Scutcheon.] 1. (Her.) The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the field, the upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the base (see Chiff, and Field.). That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called dexter, and the other side sinister. NOTE: &hand; Th e tw o si des of an es cutcheon ar e respectively designated as dexter and sinister, as in the cut, and the different parts or points by the following names: A, Dexter chief point; B, Middle chief point; C, Sinister chief point; D, Honor or color point; E, Fesse or heart point; F, Nombrill or navel point; G, Dexter base point; H, Middle base point; I, base point. 2. A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead of downward. It is esteemed an index of milking qualities. C. L. Flint. 3. (Naut.) That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written. R. H. Dane, Jr. 4. (Carp.) A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or for ornament, as the shield around a keyhole. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the ligamental area. Escutcheon of pretense, an escutcheon used in English heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; -- not commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. Impalement. Escutcheoned Es*cutch"eoned (?), a. Having an escutcheon; furnished with a coat of arms or ensign. Young. Ese Ese (?), n. Ease; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer. Esemplastic Es`em*plas"tic (?), a. [Gr. Plastic.] Shaped into one; tending to, or formative into, unity. [R.] Coleridge. <-- p. 510 --> Eserine Es"er*ine (?; 104), n. [From native name of the Calabar bean: cf. F. \'82s\'82rine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean, and the seed of Physostigma venenosum; physostigmine. It is used in ophthalmic surgery for its effect in contracting the pupil. Esexual E*sex"u*al (?), a. [Pref. e- + sexual.] (Biol.) Sexless; asexual. Esguard Es*guard" (?), n. [Cf. OF. esgart regard, F. \'82gard. See Guard.] Guard. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Eskar, OR Esker Es"kar (?), OR Es"ker, n. (Geol.) See Eschar. Eskimo Es"ki*mo (?), n.; pl. Eskimos (#). [Originally applied by the Algonquins to the Northern Indians, and meaning eaters of raw flesh.] (Ethnol.) One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race. [Written also Esquimau.] Eskimo dog (Zo\'94l.), one of breed of large and powerful dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.<-- husky? --> Esloin Es*loin" (?), v. t. [See Eloign.] To remove; to banish; to withdraw; to avoid; to eloign. [Obs.] From worldly cares he did himself esloin. Spenser. Esnecy Es"ne*cy (?), n. [See Eigne.] (Eng. Law) A prerogative given to the eldest coparcener to choose first after an inheritance is divide. Mozley & W. Esodic E*sod"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Conveying impressions from the surface of the body to the spinal cord; -- said of certain nerves. Opposed to exodic. Esophagal E*soph"a*gal (?), a. (Anat.) Esophageal. Esophageal E`so*phag"e*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the esophagus. [Written also .] Esophagean E`so*phag"e*an (?), a. (Anat.) Esophageal. Esophagotomy E*soph`a*got"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs the passage. [Written also \'d2sophagotomy.] Esophagus E*soph"a*gus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. v\'c6 to go, drive) + (Anat.) That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach; the gullet. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive. [Written also .] Esopian, Esopic E*so"pi*an (?), E*so"pic (?), a. Same as \'92sopian, \'92sopic. Esoteric Es`o*ter"ic (?), a. [Gr. In.] Designed for, and understood by, the specially initiated alone; not communicated, or not intelligible, to the general body of followers; private; interior; acroamatic; -- said of the private and more recondite instructions and doctrines of philosophers. Opposed to exoteric. Enough if every age produce two or three critics of this esoteric class, with here and there a reader to understand them. De Quincey. Esoterical Es`o*ter"ic*al (?), a. Esoteric. Esoterically Es`o*ter"ic*al*ly, adv. In an esoteric manner. Esotericism Es`o*ter"i*cism (?), n. Esoteric doctrine or principles. Esoterics Es`o*ter"ics (?), n. Mysterious or hidden doctrines; secret science. Esotery Es"o*ter*y (?), n. Mystery; esoterics; -- opposed to exotery. A. Tucker. Esox E"sox (?), n. [L., a kind of pike.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water fishes, including pike and pickerel. Espace Es*pace" (?), n. Space. [Obs.] Chaucer. Espadon Es"pa*don (?), n. [F. espadon, fr. Sp. espadon, fr. espada sword; or fr. It. spadone an espadon, spada sword.] A long, heavy, two-handed and two-edged sword, formerly used by Spanish foot soldiers and by executioners. Wilhelm. Espalier Es*pal"ier (?), n. [F. espalier, fr. It. spalliera, fr. spalla shoulder, the same word as F. \'82paule. See Epaulet.] (Hort.) A railing or trellis upon which fruit trees or shrubs are trained, as upon a wall; a tree or row of trees so trained. And figs from standard and espalier join. Pope. Espalier Es*pal"ier, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espaliered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Espaliering.] To form an espalier of, or to protect by an espalier. Esparcet Es*par"cet (?), n. [F. esparcet, esparcette, \'82parcet, fr. Sp. esparceta, esparcilla.] (Bot.) The common sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), an Old World leguminous forage plant. Esparto Es*par"to (?), n. [Sp.; cf. L. spartum Spanish broom, Gr. (Bot.) A species of Spanish grass (Macrochloa tenacissima), of which cordage, shoes, baskets, etc., are made. It is also used for making paper. Espauliere Es`pau`liere" (?), n. [OF. & F. \'82pauli\'8are. See Espalier.] A defense for the shoulder, composed of flexible overlapping plates of metal, used in the 15th century; -- the origin of the modern epaulette. Fairholt. Especial Es*pe"cial (?), a. [OF. especial, F. sp\'82cial, L. specialis, fr. species a particular sort, kind, or quality. See Species, and cf. Special.] Distinguished among others of the same class or kind; special; concerning a species or a single object; principal; particular; as, in an especial manner or degree. Syn. -- Peculiar; special; particular; uncommon; chief. See Peculiar. Especially Es*pe"cial*ly, adv. In an especial manner; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; in an uncommon degree. Especialness Es*pe"cial*ness (?), n. The state of being especial. Esperance Es"pe*rance (?), n. [F. esp\'82rance, fr. L. sperans, p. pr. of sperare to hope.] Hope. [Obs.] Shak. Espiaille Es`pi*aille" (?), n. Espial. [Obs.] Espial Es*pi"al (?), n. [OE. & Norm. F. espiaille. See Espy.] 1. The act of espying; notice; discovery. Screened from espial by the jutting cape. Byron. 2. One who espies; a spy; a scout. [Obs.] "Their espials . . . brought word." Holland. Espier Es*pi"er (?), n. One who espies. Harmar. Espinel Es"pi*nel (?), n. A kind of ruby. See Spinel. Espionage Es"pi*o*nage (?; 277), n. [F. espionnage, fr. espionner to spy, fr. espion spy, OF. espie. See Espy.] The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; secret watching. Esplanade Es`pla*nade" (?), n. [F. esplanade, Sp. esplanada, explanada, cf. It. spianata; fr. Sp. explanar to level, L. explanare to flatten or spread out. See Explain.] 1. (Fort.) (a) A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town. Campbell (Mil. Dict. ). (b) The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country. 2. (Hort.) A grass plat; a lawn. Simmonds. 3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; esp., a terrace by the seaside. Esplees Es*plees" (?), n. pl. [LL. expletia, OF. espleit. Cf. Exploit.] (Old Eng. Law) The full profits or products which ground or land yields, as the hay of the meadows, the feed of the pasture, the grain of arable fields, the rents, services, and the like. Cowell. Espousage Es*pous"age (?), n. Espousal. [Obs.] Latimer. Espousal Es*pous"al (?), n. [OF. espousailles, pl., F. \'82pousailles, L. sponsalia, fr. sponsalis belonging to betrothal or espousal. See Espouse, and cf. Sponsal, Spousal.] 1. The act of espousing or betrothing; especially, in the plural, betrothal; plighting of the troths; a contract of marriage; sometimes, the marriage ceremony. 2. The uniting or allying one's self with anything; maintenance; adoption; as, the espousal of a quarrel. The open espousal of his cause. Lord Orford. Espouse Es*pouse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espoused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Espousing.] [OF. espouser, esposer, F. \'82pouser, L. sponsare to betroth, espouse, fr. sponsus betrothed, p. p. of spondere to promise solemnly or sacredly. Cf. Spouse.] 1. To betroth; to promise in marriage; to give as spouse. A virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph. Luke i. 27. 2. To take as spouse; to take to wife; to marry. Lavinia will I make my empress, . . . And in the sacred Pantheon her espouse. Shak. 3. To take to one's self with a view to maintain; to make one's own; to take up the cause of; to adopt; to embrace. "He espoused that quarrel." Bacon. Promised faithfully to espouse his cause as soon as he got out of the war. Bp. Burnet. Espousement Es*pouse"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. espousement.] The act of espousing, or the state of being espoused. Espouser Es*pous"er (?), n. One who espouses; one who embraces the cause of another or makes it his own. Espressivo Es`pres*si"vo (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) With expression. Espringal Es*prin"gal (?), n. [See Springal.] (Mil. Antiq.) An engine of war used for throwing viretons, large stones, and other missiles; a springal. Esprit Es`prit" (?), n. [F. See Spirit.] Spirit. Esprit de corps (, a French phrase much used by English writers to denote the common spirit pervading the members of a body or association of persons. It implies sympathy, enthusiasm, devotion, and jealous regard for the honor of the body as a whole. Espy Es*py" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Espying.] [OF. espier, F. \'82pier, from OHG. speh to watch, spy, G. sp\'84hen; akin to L. specere to look, species sight, shape, appearance, kind. See Spice, Spy, and cf. Espionage.] 1. To catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; to discover, as a distant object partly concealed, or not obvious to notice; to see at a glance; to discern unexpectedly; to spy; as, to espy land; to espy a man in a crowd. As one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, . . . he espied his money. Gen. xlii. 27. A goodly vessel did I then espy Come like a giant from a haven broad. Wordsworth. 2. To inspect narrowly; to examine and keep watch upon; to watch; to observe. He sends angels to espy us in all our ways. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To discern; discover; detect; descry; spy. Espy Es*py", v. i. To look or search narrowly; to look about; to watch; to take notice; to spy. Stand by the way, and espy. Jer. xlviii. 19. Espy Es*py", n.; pl. Espies (#). [OF. espie. See Espy, v., Spy.] A spy; a scout. [Obs.] Huloet. -esque -esque (?). [F., fr. It. -isco. Cf. -ish.] A suffix of certain words from the French, Italian, and Spanish. It denotes manner or style; like; as, arabesque, after the manner of the Arabs. Esquimau Es"qui*mau (?), n.; pl. Esquimaux (#). [F.] Same as Eskimo. It is . . . an error to suppose that where an Esquimau can live, a civilized man can live also. McClintock. Esquire Es*quire" (?), n. [OF. escuyer, escuier, properly, a shield-bearer, F. \'82cuyer shield-bearer, armor-bearer, squire of a knight, esquire, equerry, rider, horseman, LL. scutarius shield-bearer, fr. L. scutum shield, akin to Gr. to cover; prob. akin to E. hide to cover. See Hide to cover, and cf. Equerry, Escutcheon.] Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; -- often shortened to squire. NOTE: &hand; In En gland, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of Mr. Esquire Es*quire" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esquired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Esquiring.] To wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend. [Colloq.] Esquisse Es`quisse" (?), n. [F. See Sketch.] (Fine Arts) The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue. -ess -ess (?). [OF. -esse, LL. -issa, Gr. A suffix used to form feminine nouns; as, actress, deaconess, songstress. Essay Es"say (?), n.; pl. Essays (#). [F. essai, fr. L. exagium a weighing, weight, balance; ex out + agere to drive, do; cf. examen, exagmen, a means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue of a balance, exigere to drive out, examine, weigh, Gr. 'exa`gion a weight, 'exagia`zein to examine, 'exa`gein to drive out, export. See Agent, and cf. Exact, Examine, Assay.] 1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an essay to benefit a friend. "The essay at organization." M. Arnold. 2. (Lit.) A composition treating of any particular subject; -- usually shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; as, an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on commerce. 3. An assay. See Assay, n. [Obs.] Syn. -- Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation; disquisition. Essay Es*say" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Essaying.] [F. essayer. See Essay, n.] 1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to try. What marvel if I thus essay to sing? Byron. Essaying nothing she can not perform. Emerson. A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should essay the impossible. J. C. Shairp. 2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See Assay. [Obs.] Locke. Essayer Es*say"er (?), n. One who essays. Addison. Essayist Es"say*ist (?; 277), n. A writer of an essay, or of essays. B. Jonson. Essence Es"sence (?), n. [F. essence, L. essentia, formed as if fr. a p. pr. of esse to be. See Is, and cf. Entity.] 1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the nominal essence. 2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of all logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality of a thing, separated from its grosser parts. The laws are at present, both in form and essence, the greatest curse that society labors under. Landor. Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence of this virtue [charity]. Addison. The essence of Addison's humor is irony. Courthope. 3. Constituent substance. And uncompounded is their essence pure. Milton. 4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being. As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish. Milton. He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual essences, until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him. W. Irving. 5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; as, the essence of mint, and the like. The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a more complete transformation when from being the abstract of the verb "to be," it came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a glass bottle. J. S. Mill. 6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume. Nor let the essences exhale. Pope. Essence Es"sence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Essencing (?).] To perfume; to scent. "Essenced fops." Addison. Essene Es*sene" (?), n.; pl. Essenes (#). [Gr. \'besay\'be to heal, cf. Heb. as\'be.] One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior, remarkable for their strictness and abstinence. Essenism Es"se*nism (?), n. The doctrine or the practices of the Essenes. De Quincey. Essential Es*sen"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. essentiel. See Essence.] 1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is. Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an essential character of plaintiveness. Hawthorne. 2. Hence, really existing; existent. Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no essential thing? Webster (1623). 3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment of an object; indispensably necessary. Judgment's more essential to a general Than courage. Denham. How to live? -- that is the essential question for us. H. Spencer. 4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; as, an essential oil. "Mine own essential horror." Ford. _________________________________________________________________ Page 511 5. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones. 6. (Med.) Idiopathic; independent of other diseases. Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another. -- Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is not dependent on another. -- Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt, etc.; -- called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or nonvolatile. Esential E*sen"tial (?), n. 1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton. 2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the essentials or religion. Essentiality Es*sen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being essential; the essential part. Jer. Taylor. Esentially E*sen"tial*ly (?), adv. In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree; really; as, essentially different. Esentialness E*sen"tial*ness, n. Essentiality. Ld. Digby. Essentiate Es*sen"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essentiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Essentiating.] To form or constitute the essence or being of. [Obs.] Boyle. Essentiate Es*sen"ti*ate, v. i. To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Essoin OR Essoign Es*soin" (?) OR Es*soign, n. [OF. essoine, essoigne, F. exoine, L. essonia, exonia; pref. ex- (L. ex from) + sunnis, sunnia, sonia, hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel. syn refusal, synja to deny, refuse, Goth. sunja truth, sunj&omac;n to justify, OS. sunnea impediment, OHG. sunna.] 1. (Eng. Law) An excuse for not appearing in court at the return of process; the allegation of an excuse to the court. 2. Excuse; exemption. [Obs.] From every work he challenged essoin. Spenser. Essoin day (Eng. Law), the first general return day of the term, on which the court sits to receive essoins. Blackstone. Essoin Es*soin", v. t. [OF. essoinier, essoignier, essonier, LL. essoniare, exoniare. See Essoin, n.] (Eng. Law) To excuse for nonappearance in court. "I 'll not essoin thee." Quarles. Essoiner Es*soin"er (?), n. (Eng. Law) An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another. Essonite Es"so*nite (?), n. [Named from Gr. e. g., hyacinth.] (Min.) Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See Garnet. Essorant Es"so*rant (?), a. [F.] (Her.) Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; -- said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon. Est Est (?), n. & adv. East. [Obs.] Chaucer. -est -est (?). [AS. -ost, -est; akin to G. -est, -ist, Icel. -astr, -str, Goth. -ists, -, Skr. -ish.] A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; as, smoothest; earl(y)iest. Establish Es*tab"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Established (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Establishing.] [OE. establissen, OF. establir, F. \'82tablir, fr. L. stabilire, fr. stabilis firm, steady, stable. See Stable, a., -ish, and cf. Stablish.] 1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm. So were the churches established in the faith. Acts xvi. 5. The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down. Burke. Confidence which must precede union could be established only by consummate prudence and self-control. Bancroft. 2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain. By the consent of all, we were established The people's magistrates. Shak. Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed. Dan. vi. 8. 3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a colony, a state, or other institutions. He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited. Is. xlv. 18. Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity! Hab. ii. 12. 4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established. Deut. xix. 15. 5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; -- used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel. Establisher Es*tab"lish*er (?), n. One who establishes. Establishment Es*tab"lish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. establissement, F. \'82tablissement.] 1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation. 2. The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed state. 3. That which is established; as: (a) A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of England. (b) A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. (c) The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business, with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a manufacturing establishment. Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment. W. Irving. Establishment of the port (Hydrography), a datum on which the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon. Establishmentarian Es*tab`lish*men*ta"ri*an (?), n. One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment formed by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual character. Shipley. Estacade Es`ta*cade" (?), n. [F.; cf. It. steccata, Sp. estacada. Cf. Stake.] (Mil.) A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy. Estafet, Estafette Es`ta*fet", Es`ta*fette" (?), n. [F. estafette, cf. Sp. estafeta; fr. It. stafetta, fr. staffa stirrup, fr. OHG. stapho footstep, footprint, G. stapfe; akin to E. step.] A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military courier sent from one part of an army to another. Estancia Es*tan"ci*a (?), n. [Sp. See Stanza.] A grazing; a country house. [Spanish America] Estate Es*tate" (?), n. [OF. estat, F. \'82tat, L. status, fr. stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. State.] 1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. "When I came to man's estate." Shak. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans xii. 16. 2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity. God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men. Jer. Taylor. 3. A person of high rank. [Obs.] She's a duchess, a great estate. Latimer. Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. Mark vi. 21. 4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death. See what a vast estate he left his son. Dryden. 5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.] I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people. Bacon. 6. pl. The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons. 7. (Law) The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. Abbott. The fourth estate, a name often given to the public press. Estate Es*tate", v. t. 1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak. 3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic] Then would I . . . Estate them with large land and territory. Tennyson. Estatlich, Estatly Es*tat"lich (?), Es"tat*ly (?), a. [OE.] Stately; dignified. [Obs.] Chaucer. Esteem Es*teem" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esteemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Esteeming.] [F. estimer, L. aestimare, aestumare, to value, estimate; perh. akin to Skr. ish to seek, strive, and E. ask. Cf. Aim, Estimate.] 1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon. Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. Deut. xxxii. 15. Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence. Bp. Gardiner. Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less than supernatural. Hawthorne. 2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship. Will he esteem thy riches? Job xxxvi. 19. You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. Tennyson. Syn. -- To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere. See Appreciate, Estimate. Esteem Es*teem", v. i. To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider. [Obs.] We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is of force. Milton. Esteem Es*teem", n. [Cf. F. estime. See Esteem, v. t.] 1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price. Most dear in the esteem And poor in worth! Shak. I will deliver you, in ready coin, The full and dear'st esteem of what you crave. J. Webster. 2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth. Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem. Shak. Syn. -- See Estimate, n. Esteemable Es*teem"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of esteem; estimable. [R.] "Esteemable qualities." Pope. Esteemer Es*teem"er (?), n. One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing. The proudest esteemer of his own parts. Locke. Ester Es"ter (?), n. [A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German chemist.] (Chem.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc. Esthesiometer Es*the`si*om"e*ter (?), n. Same as \'92sthesiometer. Esthete, n.; Esthetic Es"thete (?), n.; Es*thet"ic (, a., Es*thet"ic*al (, a., Es*thet"ics (, n. etc. Same as \'92sthete, \'92sthetic, \'92sthetical, \'92sthetics, etc. Estiferous Es*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. aestifer; aestus fire + ferre to bear.] Producing heat. [R.] Smart. Estimable Es"ti*ma*ble (?), a. [F. estimable, or L. aestimabilis. See Esteem.] 1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable damage. Paley. . 2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.] A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, Is not so estimable, profitable neither, As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shak. 3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard. A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable. Sir W. Temple. Estimable Es"ti*ma*ble (?), n. A thing worthy of regard. [R.] One of the peculiar estimables of her country. Sir T. Browne. Estimableness Es"ti*ma*ble*ness, n. The quality of deserving esteem or regard. Estimably Es"ti*ma*bly, adv. In an estimable manner. Estimate Es"ti*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estimating (?).] [L. aestimatus, p. p. of aestimare. See Esteem, v. t.] 1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data, -- either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or in a general way; as, to estimate the value of goods or land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person. It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that men estimate commodities and exchange them. Locke. It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are living. J. C. Shairp. 2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; as, to estimate the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece of land. Syn. -- To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count; calculate; number. -- To Estimate, Esteem. Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment. Estimate has reference especially to the external relations of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually involves computation or calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain of an enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in a free country. See Appreciate. Estimate Es"ti*mate (?), n. A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring, weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as, an estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a pond. Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is changed. J. C. Shairp. Syn. -- Estimate, Estimation, Esteem. The noun estimate, like its verb, supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount, importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior relations; as, an estimate of expenses incurred; a true estimate of life, etc. Esteem is a moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, -- the valuation of a person as possessing useful qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired. Estimation seems to waver between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply for estimate; as, "If he be poorer than thy estimation." Lev. xxvii. 8. In other cases, it verges toward esteem; as, "I know him to be of worth and worthy estimation." Shak. It will probably settle down at last on this latter sense. "Esteem is the value we place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection." Gogan. No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's Just estimation prized above all price. Cowper. Estimation Es`ti*ma"tion (?), n. [L. aestimatio, fr. aestimare: cf. F. estimation. See Esteem, v. t.] 1. The act of estimating. Shak. 2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; as, estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities. If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him. Lev. xxvii. 8. 3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor. I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor with the elders. Wisdom viii. 10. 4. Supposition; conjecture. I speak not this in estimation, As what I think might be, but what I know. Shak. Syn. -- Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor; regard. See Estimate, n. Estimative Es"ti*ma*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. estimatif.] 1. Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of being used in, estimating. We find in animals an estimative or judicial faculty. Sir M. Hale. 2. Pertaining to an estimate. [R.] Estimator Es"ti*ma`tor (?), n. [L. aestimator.] One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor. Estival, a., Estivate Es"ti*val (?), a., Es"ti*vate (, v. i., Es`ti*va"tion (, n. Same as \'92stival, \'92stivate, etc. Estoile Es`toile" (?), n. [OF.] (Her.) A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight like those of a mullet. [Written also \'82toile.] Estoile of eight points, a star which has four straight and four wavy rays. -- Estoile of four points. Same as Cross estoil\'82, under Cross. Estop Es*top" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estophed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estopping.] [OF. estoper to stop, plug, close, F. \'82touper, LL. stuppare to close with tow, obstruct, fr. L. stuppa tow, oakum, cf. Gr. Stop.] (Law) To impede or bar by estoppel. A party will be estopped by his admissions, where his intent is to influence another, or derive an advantage to himself. Abbott. Estoppel Es*top"pel (?), n. [From Estop.] (Law) (a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a position inconsistent with the admission. (b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable. Wharton. Stephen. Burrill. _________________________________________________________________ Page 512 Estovers Es*to"vers (?), n. pl. [OF. estoveir, estovoir, necessary, necessity, need, prop. an infin. meaning to suit, be fit, be necessary. See Stover.] (Law) Necessaries or supples; an allowance to a person out of an estate or other thing for support; as of wood to a tenant for life, etc., of sustenance to a man confined for felony of his estate, or alimony to a woman divorced out of her husband's estate. Blackstone. Common of estovers. See under Common, n. Estrade Es`trade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. estrado, orig., a carpet on the floor of a room, also, a carpeted platform, fr. L. stratum bed covering. See Stratum.] (Arch.) A portion of the floor of a room raised above the general level, as a place for a bed or a throne; a platform; a dais. He [the teacher] himself should have his desk on a mounted estrade or platform. J. G. Fitch. Estramacon Es`tra`ma`con" (?), n. [F.] 1. A straight, heavy sword with two edges, used in the 16th and 17th centuries. 2. A blow with edge of a sword. Farrow. Estrange Es*trange" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estranged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estranging.] [OF. estrangier to remove, F. \'82tranger, L. extraneare to treat as a stranger, from extraneus strange. See Strange.] 1. To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with. We must estrange our belief from everything which is not clearly and distinctly evidenced. Glanvill. Had we . . . estranged ourselves from them in things indifferent. Hooker. 2. To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its former possessor; to alienate. They . . . have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods. Jer. xix. 4. 3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from attachment to enmity or indifference. I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me. Pope. He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them. Macaulay. Estrangedness Es*tran"ged*ness (?), n. State of being estranged; estrangement. Prynne. Estrangement Es*trange"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. estrangement.] The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged; alienation. An estrangement from God. J. C. Shairp. A long estrangement from better things. South. Estranger Es*tran"ger (?), n. One who estranges. Estrangle Es*tran"gle (?), v. t. To strangle. [Obs.] Estrapade Es`tra*pade" (?), n. [F.] (Man.) The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he rears, plunges, and kicks furiously. Estray Es*tray" (?), v. i. To stray. [Obs.] Daniel. Estray Es*tray" n. (Law) Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its owner; a stray. Burrill. Estre Es"tre (?), n. [OF. estre state, plan.] The inward part of a building; the interior. [Obs.] Chaucer. Estreat Es*treat" (?), n. [OF. estraite, prop., an extract, fr. p. p. of estraire to extract, F. extraire, fr. L.extrahere. See Extract.] (Law) A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer. Cowell. Estreat of a recognizance, the extracting or taking out a forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same court. Burrill. Estreat Es*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estreating.] (Law) (a) To extract or take out from the records of a court, and send up to the court of exchequer to be enforced; -- said of a forfeited recognizance. (b) To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine. Estrepe Es*trepe" (?), v. t. [OF. estreper.] (Law) To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to commit waste. Estrepement Es*trepe"ment (?), n. [OF., damage, waste.] (Law) A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life, in lands, woods, or houses. Cowell. Estrich Es"trich (?), n. 1. Ostrich. [Obs.] Massinger. 2. (Com.) The down of the ostrich. Brande & C. Estuance Es"tu*ance (?), n. [From L. aestuans, p. pr. of aestuare. See Estuate.] Heat. [Obs.] Estuarine Es"tu*a*rine (?), a. Pertaining to an estuary; estuary. Estuary Es"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Estuaries (#). [L. aestuarium, from aestuare to surge. See Estuate.] [Written also \'91stuary.] 1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth. [Obs.] Boyle. 2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith. it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries. Dana. Estuary Es"tu*a*ry, a. Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata. Lyell. Estuate Es"tu*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Estuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estuating.] [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr. aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin to Gr.Ether.] To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. Bacon. Estuation Es`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. aestuatio.] The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation. The estuations of joys and fears. W. Montagu. Estufa Es*tu"fa (?), n.; pl. Estufas (#). [Sp., a stove, a warm room. Cf. Stove.] An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians. L. H. Morgan. Esture Es"ture (?; 135), n. [See Estuate.] Commotion. [Obs.] Chapman. Esurient E*su"ri*ent (?), a. [L. esuriens, p. pr. of ensurire, fr. edere to eat.] Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious. [R.] Bailey. "Poor, but esurient." Carlyle. Esurient E*su"ri*ent, n. One who is hungry or greedy. [R.] An insatiable esurient after riches. Wood. Esurine Es"u*rine (?), a. [See Esurient.] Causing hunger; eating; corroding. [Obs.] Wiseman. Esurine Es"u*rine, n. (Med.) A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger. [Obs.] -et -et (?). [F. -et, masc., -ette, fem. Cf. -let.] A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baronet, pocket, facet, floweret, latchet. Etaac E*taac" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The blue buck. Etacism E"ta*cism (?), n. [Gr. Itacism.] (Greek Gram.) The pronunciation of the Greek y (eta) like the Italian e long, that is like a in the English word ate. See Itacism. Etacist E"ta*cist (?), n. One who favors etacism. \'90tag\'8are \'90`ta`g\'8are" (?), n. [F., fr. \'82tager to arrange on shelves, fr. \'82tage story, floor. See Stage.] A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance or use. Fairholt. \'90tat Major \'90`tat" Ma`jor" (?). [F., fr. \'82tat state + L. major greater.] (Mil.) The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank of colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters, commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters, physicians, signal officers, judge advocates; also, the noncommissioned assistants of the above officers. Et cetera, Et c\'91tera Et` cet"e*ra, Et` c\'91t"e*ra (?). [L. et and + caetera other things.] Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; -- used to point out that other things which could be mentioned are to be understood. Usually abbreviated into etc. or &c. (&c). Shak. Etch Etch (?), n. A variant of Eddish. [Obs.] Mortimer. Etch Etch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Etching.] [D. etsen, G. \'84tzen to feed, corrode, etch. MHG. etzen, causative of ezzen to eat, G. essen Eat.] 1. To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some strong acid. NOTE: &hand; The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other ground capable of resisting the acid, and this is then scored or scratched with a needle, or similar instrument, so as to form the drawing; the plate is then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the lines thus laid bare. 2. To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate of metal. I was etching a plate at the beginning of 1875. Hamerton. 3. To sketch; to delineate. [R.] There are many empty terms to be found in some learned writes, to which they had recourse to etch out their system. Locke. Etch Etch, v. i. To practice etching; to make etchings. Etcher Etch"er (?), n. One who etches. Etching Etch"ing, n. 1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See Etch, v. t. 2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching. 3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate. Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure. -- Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching. -- Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery. Eteostic E`te*os"tic (?), n. [Gr. A kind of chronogram. [R.] B. Jonson. Eterminable E*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [Pref. e- + terminable.] Interminable. [Obs.] Skelton. Etern OR Eterne E*tern" OR E*terne" (?), a. [OF. eterne, L. aeternus, for aeviturnus, fr. aevum age. See Age, and cf. Eternal.] Eternal. [Poetic] Shak. Built up to eterne significance. Mrs. Browning. Eternal E*ter"nal (?), a. [F. \'82ternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. See Etern.] 1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing. The eternal God is thy refuge. Deut. xxxiii. 27. To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been eternal. Locke. 2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal. That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus, with eternal glory. 2 Tim. ii. 10. 3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant. And fires eternal in thy temple shine. Dryden. 4. Existing at all times without change; immutable. Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed. Dryden. What are the eternal objects of poetry among all nations, and at all times? M. Arnold. 5. Exceedingly great or bad; -- used as a strong intensive. "Some eternal villain." The Eternal City, an appellation of Rome. Syn. -- Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual; interminable. See Everlasting. Eternal E*ter"nal, n. 1. One of the appellations of God. Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work. Hooker. 2. That which is endless and immortal. Young. Eternalist E*ter"nal*ist, n. One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity. T. Burnet. Eternalize E*ter"nal*ize (?), v. t. To make eternal. Shelton. Eternally E*ter"nal*ly, adv. In an eternal manner. That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, must be also eternally and unchangeably so. South. Where western gales eternally reside. Addison. Eterne E*terne" (?), a. See Etern. Eternify E*ter"ni*fy (?), v. t. To make eternal. [Obs.] Fame . . . eternifies the name. Mir. for Mag. Eternity E*ter"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Eternities (#). [F. \'82ternit\'82, L. aeternitas, fr. aeternus. See Etern.] 1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15. 2. Condition which begins at death; immortality. Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity. Shak. Eternization E*ter`ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or famous. Eternize E*ter"nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eternized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eterniziing.] [Cf. F. \'82terniser.] 1. To make eternal or endless. This other [gift] served but to eternize woe. Milton. 2. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize one's self, a name, exploits. St. Alban's battle won by famous York, Shall be eternized in all age to come. Shak. Etesian E*te"sian (?), a. [L. etesiae, pl., periodic winds, Gr. \'82t\'82sien.] Periodical; annual; -- applied to winds which annually blow from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part, for an irregular period during July and August. Ethal Eth"al (?), n. [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. \'82thal.] (Chem.) A white waxy solid, C16H33.OH; -- called also cetylic alcohol. See Cetylic alcohol, under Cetylic. <-- usu. called cetyl alcohol. --> Ethane Eth"ane (?), n. [From Ether.] (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl. Ethe Ethe (?), a. [See Eath.] Easy. [Obs.] Spenser. Ethel Eth"el (?), a. [AS. e, \'91. See Atheling.] Noble. [Obs.] Ethene Eth"ene (?), n. (Chem.) Ethylene; olefiant gas. Ethenic E*then"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or ethylene; as, ethenic ether. Ethenyl Eth"e*nyl (?), n. [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C. (b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series, CH2:CH; -- called also vinyl. See Vinyl. Etheostomoid E`the*os"to*moid (?), a. [NL. etheostoma name of a genus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or like, the genus Etheostoma. -- n. Any fish of the genus Etheostoma and related genera, allied to the perches; -- also called darter. The etheostomoids are small and often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of North America. About seventy species are known. See Darter. <-- e.g. the snail darter. --> Ether E"ther (?), n. [L. aether, Gr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf. F. \'82ther.] >[Written also \'91ther.] 1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called luminiferous ether. 2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself. 3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an an\'91sthetic. Called also ethyl oxide.<-- also commonly, ethyl ether. --> (b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether; valeric ether. Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3. -- Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester. -- Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam. Ethereal E*the"re*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; as, ethereal space; ethereal regions. Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger. Milton. 2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc. Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures ethereal, human, angel, man. Pope. 3. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; as, ethereal salts. Ethereal oil. (Chem.) See Essential oil, under Essential. -- Ethereal oil of wine (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also heavy oil of wine (distinguished from oil of wine, or \'d2nanthic ether). -- Ethereal salt (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a base; an ester. Etherealism E*the"re*al*ism (?), n. Ethereality. Ethereality E*the`re*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being ethereal; etherealness. Something of that ethereality of thought and manner which belonged to Wordsworth's earlier lyrics. J. C. Shairp. Etherealization E*the`re*al*i*za"tion (?), n. An ethereal or spiritlike state. J. H. Stirling. Etherealize E*the"re*al*ize (?), v. t. 1. To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate with ether. 2. To render ethereal or spiritlike. Etherealized, moreover, by spiritual communications with the other world. Hawthorne. Ethereally E*the"re*al*ly, adv. In an ethereal manner. _________________________________________________________________ Page 513 Etherealness E*the"re*al*ness (?), n. Ethereality. Ethereous E*the"re*ous (?), a. [L.aethereus, Gr. Ether.] 1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.] This ethereous mold whereon we stand. Milton. 2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or resembling, either. Ethereous oil. See Ethereal oil, under Ethereal. Etherification E*ther`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into ether by the agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl sulphuric, acid. Etheriform E*ther"i*form (?), a. [Ether + form.] Having the form of ether. Etherin E"ther*in, n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the residue left after making ether; -- formerly called also concrete oil of wine. Etherization E`ther*i*za"tion (?) n. (Med.) (a) The administration of ether to produce insensibility. (b) The state of the system under the influence of ether. Etherize E"ther*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etherized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Etherizing (?).] [Cf. F. \'82th\'82riser.] 1. To convert into ether. 2. To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation; as, to etherize a patient. Etherol E"ther*ol (?), n. [Ether + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, produced with etherin. Ethic, Ethical Eth"ic (?), Eth"ic*al (?), a. [L. ethicus, Gr. sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh, prob. orig., one's own doing; sva self + dh to set: cf. F. \'82thique. See So, Do.] Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy. The ethical meaning of the miracles. Trench. Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit? How does my friend Celsus do? Ethically Eth"ic*al*ly, adv. According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character. Ethicist Eth"i*cist (?), n. One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics. Ethics Eth"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82thique. See Ethic.] The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics. The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has taught. I. Taylor. Ethide Eth"ide (?), n. (Chem.) Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; as, potassium ethide. Ethidene Eth"i*dene (?), n. [From Ether.] (Chem.) Ethylidene. [Obs.] Ethine Eth"ine (?), n. (Chem.) Acetylene. Ethionic Eth`i*on"ic (?), a. [Ethyl + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so called. Ethionic acid (Chem.), a liquid derivative of ethylsulphuric and sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by the action of sulphur trioxide on absolute alcohol. Ethiop, Ethiopian E"thi*op (?), E`thi*o"pi*an (?), n. [L. Aethiops, Gr. A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man. Ethiopian, Ethiopic E`thi*o"pi*an, E`thi*op"ic (?), a. Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians. Ethiopic E`thi*op"ic, n. The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the Abyssinian church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also called Geez. Ethiops E"thi*ops (?) n. [NL. See Ethiop.] (Old Chem.) A black substance; -- formerly applied to various preparations of a black or very dark color. [Written also \'92thiops.] [Obs.] Ethiops martial (Old Chem.), black oxide of iron. -- Ethiops mineral (Old Chem.), black sulphide of mercury, obtained by triturating mercury with sulphur. -- Ethiops per se (Old Chem.), mercury in finely divided state, having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by shaking it up or by exposure to the air. Ethmoid, Ethmoidal Eth"moid (?), Eth*moid"al (?), a. [Gr. ethmo\'8bde, ethmo\'8bdal.] (Anat.) (a) Like a sieve; cribriform. (b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone. Ethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed. Ethmoid Eth"moid (?) n. (Anat.) The ethmoid bone. Ethmotrubinal Eth`mo*tru"bi*nal (?), a. [Ethmoid + turbinal.] See Turbinal. -- n. An ethmoturbinal bone. Ethmovomerine Eth`mo*vo"mer*ine (?), n. [Ethmoid + vomerine.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the ethmoid in the skull. Ethmovomerine plate (Anat.), a cartilaginous plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of the skull is developed. Ethnarch Eth"narch (?), n. [Gr. -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.) The governor of a province or people. Lew Wallace. Ethnarchy Eth"narch*y (?) n. [Gr. The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule. Wright. Ethnic, Ethnical Eth"nic (?), Eth"nic*al (?), a. [L. ethnicus, Gr. ethnique.] 1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological. 2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to Jewish and Christian. Ethnic Eth"nic (?) n. A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.] No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs. Milton. Ethnically Eth"nic*al*ly (?), adv. In an ethnical manner. Ethnicism Eth"ni*cism (?) n. Heathenism; paganism; idolatry. [Obs.] "Taint of ethnicism." B. Jonson. Ethnographer Eth*nog"ra*pher (?) n. One who investigates ethnography. Ethnographic, Ethnographical Eth`no*graph"ic (?), Eth`no*graph"ic*al (?),. a. [Cf. F. ethnographique.] pertaining to ethnography. Ethnographically Eth`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ethnographical manner. Ethnography Eth*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. ethnographie.] That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the characteristics of the human family, developing the details with which ethnology as a comparative science deals; descriptive ethnology. See Ethnology. Ethnologic, Ethnological Eth`no*log"ic (?), Eth`no*log"ic*al (?), a Of or pertaining to ethnology. Ethnologically Eth`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification; as, one belonging ethnologically to an African race. Ethnologist Eth*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology. Ethnology Eth*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of the division of mankind into races, their origin, distribution, and relations, and the peculiarities which characterize them. Ethologic, Ethological Eth`o*log"ic (?), Eth`o*log"ic*al (?), a [See Ethology.] treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the science of character. J. S. Mill. Ethologist E*thol"o*gist (?) n. One who studies or writes upon ethology. Ethology E*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 1. A treatise on morality; ethics. 2. The science of the formation of character, national and collective as well as individual. J. S. Mill. Ethopoetic Eth"o*po*et"ic (?). [Gr. Expressing character. [Obs.] Urquhart. Ethule Eth"ule (?) [Ether + Gr. Ethyl, and see -yl.] (Chem.) Ethyl. [Obs.] Ethyl Eth"yl (?), n. [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.) A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether. Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde. Ethylamine Eth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base, and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also ethyl carbamine, and amido ethane. Ethylate Eth"yl*ate (?). [From Ethyl.] (Chem.) A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an ethyl alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, C2H5.O.K. Ethylene Eth"yl*ene (?), n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.) A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen. <-- is effective in hastening the ripening of certain fruits. --> Ethylene series (Chem.), the series if unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula CnH2n. Ethylic E*thyl"ic (?). (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; as, ethylic alcohol. Ethylidene E*thyl"i*dene (?). (Chem.) An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4 metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH to distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2.CH2. Its compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also ethidene. Ethylin Eth"yl*in (?). (Chem.) Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin. Ethylsulphuric Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric (?) a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid. Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl, H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active catalytic agent in the process of etherification. Etiolate E"ti*o*late (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Etiolated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Etiolating.] [F. \'82tioler to blanch.] 1. To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by excluding the light of the sun, as, plants. 2. (Med.) To become pale through disease or absence of light. Etiolate E"ti*o*late, v. t. 1. To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's rays. 2. (Med.) To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of light. Etiolate, Etiolated E"ti*o*late (?), E"ti*o*la`ted, a. Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting desert regions. Etiolation E`ti*o*la"tion (?), n. 1. The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant. 2. (Med.) Paleness produced by absence of light, or by disease. Dunglison. Etoolin E"to*o*lin (?), n. [See Etiolate.] (Bot.) A yellowish coloring matter found in plants grown in darkness, which is supposed to be an antecedent condition of chlorophyll. Encyc. Brit. Etiological E`ti*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes; \'91tiological. Etiology E`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82tiologie.] The science of causes. Same as tiology. Etiquette Et"i*quette` (?), n. [F. prop., a little piece of paper, or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents, a label, ticket, OF.estiquete, of German origin; cf. LG. stikke peg, pin, tack, stikken to stick, G. stecken. See Stick, and cf. Ticket.] The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society. The pompous etiquette to the court of Louis the Fourteenth. Prescott. Etna Et"na (?), n. A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat is furnished by a spirit lamp. There should certainly be an etna for getting a hot cup of coffee in a hurry. V. Baker. Etnean Et*ne"an (?), a. [L. Aetnaeus, Gr. , fr.Aetna, Aetne).] Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily. Etoile E`toile" (?), n. [F.] (Her.) See Estoile. Etrurian E*tru"ri*an (?), a. Of or relating to ancient Etruria, in Italy. "Etrurian Shades." Milton, -- n. A native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria. Etruscan E*trus"can (?), n. [L. Etruscus.] Of or relating to Etruria. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Etruria. Etter pike Et"ter pike` (?), n. [Cf. Atter.] (Zo\'94l.) The stingfish, or lesser weever (Tranchinus vipera). Ettin Et"tin (?), n. [SA. eten, eoten, orig., gluttonous, fr. etan to eat.] A giant. [Obs.] Beau & Fl. Ettle Et"tle (?), v. t. [Perh. the same word as addle to earn; bur cf. OE. atlien, etlien, to intend, prepare, Icel. \'91tla to think, suppose, mean.] To earn. [Obs.] See Addle, to earn. Boucher. Etude E`tude" (?), n. [F. See Study.] 1. A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may serve, for a study. 2. (Mus.) A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some special point of technical execution. Etul E`tul" (?), n. [F.] A case for one several small articles; esp., a box in which scissors, tweezers, and other articles of toilet or of daily use are carried. Etwee Et*wee" (?), n. See . Shenstone. Etym Et"ym (?), n. See Etymon. H. F. Talbot. Etymic E*tym"ic (?), a. Relating to the etymon; as, an etymic word. Etymologer Et`y*mol"o*ger (?), n. An etymologist. Etymological Et`y*mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. etymologicus, Gr. \'82timilogique. See Etymology.] Pertaining to etymology, or the derivation of words. -- Et`y*mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Etymologicon Et`y*mo*log"i*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. an etymological dictionary or manual. Etymologist Et`y*mol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82tymologiste.] One who investigates the derivation of words. Etymologize Et`y*mol"o*gize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. \'82tymologiser.] To give the etymology of; to trace to the root or primitive, as a word. Camden Etymologize Et`y*mol"o*gize, v. t. To search into the origin of words; to deduce words from their simple roots. How perilous it is to etymologize at random. Trench. Etymology Et`y*mol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Etymologies (#). [L.etymologia, Gr. \'82tymologie. See Etymon, and -logy.] 1. That branch of philological science which treats of the history of words, tracing out their origin, primitive significance, and changes of from and meaning. 2. That pert of grammar which relates to the changes in the form of the words in a language; inflection. Etymon Et"y*mon (?), n.; pl. E. Etymons (#), Gr. Etyma (#). [L., fr. Gr. sotya, E. sooth. See Sooth.] 1. An original form; primitive word; root. 2. Original or fundamental signification. [R.] Given as the etymon or genuine sense of the word. Coleridge. Etypical E*typ"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. e- + typical.] (Biol.) Diverging from, or lacking conformity to, a type. Eu Eu (?). [Gr. su, from the same root as E. is; or with Skr. vasu good, prob. fr. the same root as E. was.] A prefix used frequently in composition, signifying well, good, advantageous; -- the opposite of dys-. Eucairite Eu*cai"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A metallic mineral, a selenide of copper and silver; -- so called by Berzelius on account of its being found soon after the discovery of the metal selenium. Eucalyn Eu"ca*lyn (?), n. (Chem.) An unfermentable sugar, obtained as an uncrystallizable sirup by the decomposition of melitose; also obtained from a Tasmanian eucalyptus, -- whence its name. Eucalyptol Eu`ca*lyp*tol (?), n. [Eucalyptus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A volatile, terpenelike oil extracted from the eucalyptus, and consisting largely of cymene. Eucalyptus Eu`ca*lyp"tus (?), n. [NL., from GR. (Bot.) A myrtaceous genus of trees, mostly Australian. Many of them grow to an immense height, one or two species exceeding the height even of the California Sequoia. NOTE: &hand; Th ey ha ve ri gid, entire leaves with one edge turned toward the zenith. Most of them secrete resinous gums, whence they called gum trees, and their timber is of great value. Eucalyptus Globulus is the blue gum; E. aigantea, the stringy bark: E. amygdalina, the peppermint tree. E. Gunnii, the Tasmanian cider tree, yields a refreshing drink from wounds made in the bark in the spring. Center species yield oils, tars, acids, dyes and tans. It is said that miasmatic valleys in Algeria and Portugal, and a part of the unhealthy Roman Campagna, have been made more salubrious by planting groves of these trees. Eucharis Eu"cha*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. L. eucharis agreeable, Gr. Eucharist.] (Bot.) A genus of South American amaryllidaceous plants with large and beautiful white blossoms. Eucharist Eu"cha*rist (?), n. [L. euchaistia, Gr. yearn: cf. F. euchaistie.] 1. The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving. [Obs.] Led through the vale of tears to the region of eucharist and hallelujahs. South. 2. (Eccl.) The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act of ceremony of commemorating the death of Christ, in the use of bread and wine, as the appointed emblems; the communion. -- See Sacrament. Eucharistic, Eucharistical Eu`cha*ris"tic (?), Eu`cha*ris"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. eucharistie.] 1. Giving thanks; expressing thankfulness; rejoicing. [Obs.] The eucharistical part of our daily devotions. Ray. 2. Pertaining to the Lord's Supper. "The eucharistic sacrament." Sir. G. C. Lewis. Euchite Eu"chite (?), n. [From Gr. One who resolves religion into prayer. [Obs.] Gauden. Euchloric Eu*chlo"ric (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Relating to, or consisting of, euchlorine; as, euchloric . Davy. Euchlorine Eu*chlo"rine (?), n. [Cf. F. euchlorine. See Euchloric.] (Chem.) A yellow or greenish yellow gas, first prepared by Davy, evolved from potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. It is supposed to consist of chlorine tetroxide with some free chlorine. Euchologion, Euchology Eu`cho*lo"gi*on (?), Eu*chol"o*gy (?), n. [NL. euchologion, Gr. (Eccl.) A formulary of prayers; the book of offices in the Greek Church, containing the liturgy, sacraments, and forms of prayers. Euchologue Eu"cho*logue, n. [F. euchologe.] Euchology. [R.] Euchre Eu"chre (?), n. [Perh. from F. \'82cart\'82.] A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called the Joker is used) being the knave of the same suit as the trump, and called right bower, the lowest card used being the seven, or frequently, in two-handed euchre, the nine spot. See Bower. Euchre Eu"chre, v. t. 1. To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the trump. 2. To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme. [Slang.] Euchroic Eu*chro"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Having a fine color. Euchroic acid (Chem.), an organic, imide acid, obtained as a colorless crystalline substance, C12H4N2O8 by heating an ammonium salt of mellitic acid. By reduction it is changed to a dark blue substance (euchrone), -- hence its name. Euchroite Eu"chro*ite (?), n. [See Euchroic.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in transparent emerald green crystals. It is hydrous arseniate of copper. Euchrone Eu"chrone (?) n. (Chem.) A substance obtained from euchroic acid. See Eychroic. Euchymy Eu"chy*my (?), n. [Gr. Chyme.] (Med.) A good state of he blood and other fluids of the body. Euclase Eu"clase (?) n. [Gr. euclase, G. euklas. See named from its brittleness.] (Min.) A brittle gem occurring in light green, transparent crystals, affording a brilliant clinodiagonal cleavage. It is a silicate of alumina and glucina. Euclid Eu"clid (?), n. A Greek geometer of the 3d century Euclidian Eu*clid"i*an (?), n. Related to Euclid, or to the geometry of Euclid. Euclidian space (Geom.), the kind of space to which the axioms and definitions of Euclid, relative to straight lines and parallel lines, apply; -- called also flat space, and homaloidal space. Eucopepoda Eu`co*pep"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Eu- and Copepoda.] (Zo\'94l.) A group which includes the typical copepods and the lerneans. Eucrasy Eu"cra*sy (?). [Gr. eucrasie.] (Med.) Such a due mixture of qualities in bodies as constitutes health or soundness. Quincy. Euctical Euc"tic*al (?) [Gr. Expecting a wish; supplicatory. [R.] Sacrifices . . . distinguished into expiatory, euctical, and eucharistical. Bp. Law. Eudemon, Eud\'91mon Eu*de"mon, Eu*d\'91"mon (?), n. [Gr. A good angel. Southey. Eudemonics, Eud\'91monics Eu`de*mon"ics, Eu`d\'91*mon"ics (?), n. [Gr. Eudemonism.] That part of moral philosophy which treats of happiness; the science of happiness; -- contrasted with aretaics. J. Grote. Eudemonism, Eud\'91monism Eu*de"mon*ism, Eu*d\'91"mon*ism (?), n. [Gr. Demon.] That system of ethics which defines and enforces moral obligation by its relation to happiness or personal well-being. Eudemonist, Eud\'91monist Eu*de"mon*ist, Eu*d\'91"mon*ist, n. One who believes in eudemonism. I am too much of a eud\'91monist; I hanker too much after a state of happiness both for myself and others. De Quincey. Eudemonistic, Eud\'91monistic Eu*de`mon*is"tic , Eu*d\'91`mon*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to eudemonism. Eudemonistical, Eud\'91monistical Eu*de`mon*is"tic*al, Eu*d\'91`mon*is"tic*al (?), a. Eudemonistic. Eudialyte Eu*di"a*lyte (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A mineral of a brownish red color and vitreous luster, consisting chiefly of the silicates of iron, zirconia, and lime. Eudiometer Eu`di*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. ediom\'8atre.] (Chem.) An instrument for the volumetric measurement of gases; -- so named because frequently used to determine the purity of the air. NOTE: &hand; It us ually co nsists of a fi nely gr aduated an d calibrated glass tube, open at one end, the bottom; and having near the top a pair of platinum wires fused in, to allow the passage of an electric spark, as the process involves the explosion and combustion of one of the ingredients to be determined. The operation is conducted in a through of mercury, or sometimes over water. Cf. Burette. Use's ediometer has the tube bent in the form of the letter. U. Eudiometric, Eudiometrical Eu`di*o*met"ric (?), Eu`di*o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a eudiometer; as, eudiometrical experiments or results. Eudiometry Eu`di*om"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. eudiom\'82trie.] (Chem.) The art or process of determining he constituents of a gaseous mixture by means of the eudiometer, or for ascertaining the purity of the air or the amount of oxygen in it. Eudipleura Eu`di*pleu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The fundamental forms of organic life, that are composed of two equal and symmetrical halves. Syd. Soc. Lex. Eudoxian Eu*dox"i*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Eudoxius, patriarch of Antioch and Constantinople in the 4th century, and a celebrated defender of the doctrines of Arius. Euganoidei Eu`ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. GR. ganoidei. See Ganoid.] (Zo\'94l) A group which includes the bony ganoids, as the gar pikes. Euge Eu"ge (?), n. [L., well done! bravo! Gr. Applause. [Obs.] Hammond. Eugeuia Eu*ge"ui*a (?), n. [NL. Named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy.] (Bot.) A genus of mytraceous plants, mostly of tropical countries, and including several aromatic trees and shrubs, among which are the trees which produce allspice and cloves of commerce. Eugenic Eu*gen"ic (?), a. [See Eugenia.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, cloves; as, eugenic acid. Eudenic Eu*den"ic (?), a. [Gr. Well-born; of high birth. Atlantic Monthly. Eugenics Eu*gen"ics (?), n. The science of improving stock, whether human or animal. F. Galton. Eugenin Eu"ge*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline substance extracted from oil of cloves; -- called also clove camphor. Eugenol Eu"ge*nol (?), n. [Eugenia + -ol.] (Chem.) A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, C10H12O2 resembling the phenols, and hence also called eugenic acid. It is found in the oils of pimento and cloves. <-- used as an analgesic in dentistry. --> Eugeny Eu"ge*ny (?). [Gr. Nobleness of birth. [Obs.] Eugetic, Eugetinic Eu*get"ic (?), Eu`ge*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem) Pertaining to, or derived from, eugenol; as, eugetic acid. Eugh Eugh (?), n. [See Yew.] The yew. [Obs.] Dryden. Eugubian, Eugubine Eu*gu"bi*an (?), Eu"gu*bine (?), a. Of or pertaining to the ancient town of Eugubium (now Gubbio); as, the Eugubine tablets, or tables, or inscriptions. Euharmonic Eu`har*mon"ic (?), a. [Pref. -eu + harmonic.] (Mus.) Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly or perfectly harmonious. Euhemerism Eu*hem"er*ism (?) n. [L. Euhemerus, Gr. The theory, held by Euhemerus, that the gods of mythology were but deified mortals, and their deeds only the amplification in imagination of human acts. Euhemerist Eu*hem"er*ist, n. One who advocates euhemerism. Euhemeristic Eu*hem`er*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to euhemerism. Euhemerize Eu*hem"er*ize (?) v. t. To interpret (mythology) on the theory of euhemerism. Euisopoda Eu`i*sop"o*da (?). pl. [NL. See Eu- and Isopoda.] (Zo\'94l.) A group which includes the typical Isopoda. Eulachon Eu"la*chon (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The candlefish. [Written also oulachan, oolacan, and ulikon.] See Candlefish. Eulerian Eu*le"ri*an (?) a. Pertaining Euler, a German mathematician of the 18th century. Eulerian integrals, certain definite integrals whose properties were first investigated by Euler. Eulogic, Eulogical Eu*log"ic (?), Eu*log"ic*al (?), a. [See Eulogy.] Bestowing praise of eulogy; commendatory; eulogistic. [R.] -- Eu*log"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Eulogist Eu"lo*gist (?) n. One who eulogizes or praises; panegyrist; encomiast. Buckle. Eulogistic, Eulogistical Eu`lo*gis"tic (?), Eu`lo*gis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to eulogy; characterized by eulogy; bestowing praise; panegyrical; commendatory; laudatory; as, eulogistic speech or discourse. -- Eu"lo*gis"tic*al*ly, adv. Eulogium Eu*lo"gi*um (?) n.; pl. Eulogiums (#). [LL., fr. Gr. A formal eulogy. Smollett. Eulogize Eu"lo*gize (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eulogized. (p. pr. & vb. n. Eulogizing (?).] To speak or write in commendation of (another); to extol in speech or writing; to praise. Eulogy Eu"lo*gy (?), n.; pl. Eulogies (#). [Gr. Eulogium, and see Legend.] A speech or writing in commendation of the character or services of a person; as, a fitting eulogy to worth. Eulogies turn into elegies. Spenser. Syn. -- Encomium; praise; panegyric; applause. -- Eulogy, Eulogium, Encomium, Panegyric. The idea of praise is common to all these words. The word encomium is used of both persons and things which are the result of human action, and denotes warm praise. Eulogium and eulogy apply only to persons and are more studied and of greater length. A panegyric was originally a set speech in a full assembly of the people, and hence denotes a more formal eulogy, couched in terms of warm and continuous praise, especially as to personal character. We may bestow encomiums on any work of art, on production of genius, without reference to the performer; we bestow eulogies, or pronounce a eulogium, upon some individual distinguished for his merit public services; we pronounce a panegyric before an assembly gathered for the occasion. Eulytite Eu"ly*tite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) a mineral, consisting chiefly of the silicate of bismuth, found at Freiberg; -- called also culytine. Eumenides Eu*men"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., from Gr. (Class. Myth.) A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes. Eumolpus Eu*mol"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small beetles, one species of which (E. viti) is very injurious to the vines in the wine countries of Europe. Eunomian Eu*no"mi*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus (4th century A. D.), who held that Christ was not God but a created being, having a nature different from that of the Father. -- a. Of or pertaining to Eunomius or his doctrine. Eunomy Eu"no*my (?), n. [Gr. Equal law, or a well-adjusted constitution of government. [R.] Mitford. Eunuch Eu"nuch (?), n. [L. eunuchus, Gr. A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a class of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge of the women's apartments. Some of them, in former times, gained high official rank. Eunuch, Eunuchate Eu"nuch (?), Eu"nuch*ate, v. t. [L. eunuchare.] To make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man. Creech. Sir. T. Browne. Eunuchism Eu"nuch*ism (?), n. [L. eunuchismus an unmanning, Gr. eunuchisme eunuchism.] The state of being eunuch. Bp. Hall. Euonymin Eu*on"y*min (?), n. (Med.) A principle or mixture of principles derived from Euonymus atropurpureus, or spindle tree. Euonymus Eu*on"y*mus (?), n. [NL. (cf. L. euonymos). fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of small European and American trees; the spindle tree. The bark is used as a cathartic. Euornithes Eu`or*ni"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr., Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of Aves which includes all the typical birds, or all living birds except the penguins and birds of ostrichlike form. Euosmitte Eu*os"mitte (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A fossil resin, so called from its strong, peculiar, pleasant odor. Eupathy Eu"pa*thy (?), n. [Gr. Eu-, and Pathetic.] Right feeling. [R.] Harris. Eupatorin Eupatorine Eu*pat"o*rin Eu*pat"o*rine (?), n. (Med.) A principle or mixture of principles extracted from various species of Eupatorium. Eupatorium Eu`pa*to"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Eupator, king of Pontus, said to have used it as a medicine.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial, composite herbs including hemp agrimony, boneset, throughwort, etc. Eupatrid Eu"pa*trid (?), n. [Gr. One well born, or of noble birth. Eupepsia, Eupepsy Eu*pep"si*a (?), Eu*pep"sy (?), n. [NL. eupepsia, Fr. Gr. (Med.) Soundness of the nutritive or digestive organs; good concoction or digestion; -- opposed to dyspepsia. Eupeptic Eu*pep"tic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to good digestion; easy of digestion; having a good digestion; as, eupeptic food; an eupeptic man. Wrapt in lazy eupeptic fat. Carlyle. Euphemism Eu"phe*mism (?), n. [Gr. euph\'82misme. See Fame.] (Rhet.) A figure in which a harts or indelicate word or expression is softened; a way of describing an offensive thing by an inoffensive expression; a mild name for something disagreeable. Euphemistic, Euphemistical Eu`phe*mis"tic (?), Eu`phe*mis"tic*al (?), a. Pertaining to euphemism; containing a euphemism; softened in expression. -- Eu`phe*mis"tic*al*ly, adv. Euphemize Eu"phe*mize (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Euphemized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Euphemizing.] [Gr. To express by a euphemism, or in delicate language; to make use of euphemistic expressions. Euphoniad Eu*pho"ni*ad (?), n. [See Euphony.] (Mus.) An instrument in which are combined the characteristic tones of the organ and various other instruments. [R.] Euphonic, Euphonical Eu*phon"ic (?), Eu*phon"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting, euphony; agreeable in sound; pleasing to the ear; euphonious; as, a euphonic expression; euphonical orthography. _________________________________________________________________ Page 515 Euphonicon Eu*phon"i*con (?), n. [See Euphony.] (Mus.) A kind of uptight piano. Euphonious Eu*pho"ni*ous (?), a. Pleasing or sweet in sound; euphonic; smooth-sounding. Hallam. -- Eu*pho"ni*ous*ly, adv. Euphonism Eu"pho*nism (?), n. An agreeable combination of sounds; euphony. Euphonium Eu*pho"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Euphony.] (Mus.) A bass instrument of the saxhorn family. Euphonize Eu"pho*nize (?), v. t. To make euphonic. [R.] Euphonon Eu"pho*non (?), n. [See Euphony.] (Mus.) An instrument resembling the organ in tine and the upright piano in form. It is characterized by great strength and sweetness of tone. Euphonous Eu"pho*nous (?), n. Euphonious. [R.] Euphony Eu"pho*ny (?), n.; pl. Euphonies (#). [L. euphonia, Gr. euphonie.] A pleasing or sweet sound; an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds; a pronunciation of letters and syllables which is pleasing to the ear. Euphorbia Eu*phor"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. euphorbea. See Euphorrium.] (Bot.) Spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species, mostly shrubby, herbaceous succulents, affording an acrid, milky juice. Some of them are armed with thorns. Most of them yield powerful emetic and cathartic products. Euphorbiaceous, Euphorbial Eu*phor`bi*a"ceous (?), Eu*phor"bi*al (?), a. (Bot.) Of, relating to, or resembling, the Euphorbia family. Euphorbin Euphorbine Eu*phor"bin Eu*phor"bine (?), n. (Med.) A principle, or mixture of principles, derived from various species of Euphorbia. Euphorbium Eu*phor"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. euphorbeum, from Gr. Euphorbus, a Greek physician.] (Med.) An inodorous exudation, usually in the form of yellow tears, produced chiefly by the African Euphorbia resinifrea. It was formerly employed medicinally, but was found so violent in its effects that its use is nearly abandoned. Euphotide Eu"pho*tide (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A rock occurring in the Alps, consisting of saussurite and smaragdite; -- sometimes called gabbro. Euphrasy Eu"phra*sy (?), n. [NL. euphrasia, fr. Gr. eufrasia, F. eufrasie.] (Bot.) The plant eyesight (euphrasia officionalis), formerly regarded as beneficial in disorders of the eyes. Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see. Milton. Euphroe Eu"phroe (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A block or long slat of wood, perforated for the passage of the crowfoot, or cords by which an awning is held up. [Written also uphroe and uvrou.] Knight. Euphuism Eu"phu*ism (?), n. [Gr. Euphues, or the Anatomy of Wit," and "Euphues and his England."] (Rhet.) An affectation of excessive elegance and refinement of language; high-flown diction. Euphuist Eu"phu*ist, n. One who affects excessive refinement and elegance of language; -- applied esp. to a class of writers, in the age of Elizabeth, whose productions are marked by affected conceits and high-flown diction. Euphuistic Eu`phu*is"tic (?), a. Belonging to the euphuists, or euphuism; affectedly refined. Euphuize Eu"phu*ize (?), v. t. To affect excessive refinement in language; to be overnice in expression. Eupione Eu"pi*one (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; -- specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series. [Written also eupion.] Eupittone Eu*pit"tone (?), n. [Pref. eu- + pittacal + -one.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline substance, resembling aurin, and obtained by the oxidation of pittacal; -- called also eupittonic acid. [Written also eupitton.] Eupittonic Eu`pit*ton"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, eupittone. Euplastic Eu*plas"tic (?), a. [Pref. eu- + -plastic.] (Med.) Having the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree, as the matter forming the false membranes which sometimes result from acute inflammation in a healthy person. Dunglison. Euplastic Eu*plas"tic, n. (Med.) Organizable substance by which the tissues of an animal body are renewed. Euplectella Eu`plec*tel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l) A genus of elegant, glassy sponges, consisting of interwoven siliceous fibers, and growing in the form of a cornucopia; -- called also Venus's flower-basket. Euplexoptera Eu`plex*op"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of insects, including the earwig. The anterior wings are short, in the form of elytra, while the posterior wings fold up beneath them. See Earwig. Eupn\'91a Eup*n\'91"a (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. (Physiol.) Normal breathing where arterialization of the blood is normal, in distinction from dyspn\'91a, in which the blood is insufficiently arterialized. Foster. Eupryion Eu*pry"i*on (?), n. [Gr. A contrivance for obtaining a light instantaneous, as a lucifer match. Brande & C. Eurasian Eu*ra"sian (?), n. [European + Asian.] 1. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other. 2. One born of European parents in Asia. Eurasian Eu*ra"sian (?), a. Of European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both Europe and Asia; as, the great Eurasian plain. Eurasiatio Eu*ra`si*at"io (?), a. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to the continents of Europe and Asia combined. Eureka Eu*re"ka (?). [Gr. The exclamation attributed to Archimedes, who is said to have cried out "Eureka! eureka!" (I have found it! I have found it!), upon suddenly discovering a method of finding out how much the gold of King Hiero's crown had been alloyed. Hence, an expression of triumph concerning a discovery. Eurhipidurous Eu*rhip`i*du"rous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a fanlike tail; belonging to the Eurhipidur\'91, a division of Aves which includes all living birds. Euripize Eu"ri*pize (?), v. t. [See Euripus.] To whirl hither and thither. [Obs.] Euripus Eu*ri"pus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A strait; a narrow tract of water, where the tide, or a current, flows and reflows with violence, as the ancient fright of this name between Eub\'91a and B\'91otia. Hence, a flux and reflux. Burke. Euritte Eu"ritte (?), n. [Cf. F. eurite.] (Min.) A compact feldspathic rock; felsite. See Felsite. Euritic Eu*rit"ic (?), a. Of or pelating to eurite. Euroclydon Eu*roc"ly*don (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. i. e. a north-east wind, as in the Latin Yulgate Euro-aquilo.] A tempestuous northeast wind which blows in the Mediterranean. See Levanter. A tempestuous wind called Euroclydon. Acts xxvii. 14. European Eu`ro*pe"an (?), a. [L. europeaus, Gr. europa.)] Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants. On the European plain, having rooms to let, and leaving it optional with guests whether they will take meals in the house; -- said of hotels. [U. S.] European Eu`ro*pe"an, n. A native or an inhabitant of Europe. Europeanize Eu`ro*pe"an*ize (?), v. t. To cause to become like the Europeans in manners or character; to habituate or accustom to European usages. A state of society . . . changed and Europenized. Lubbock. Eurus Eu"rus (?), n. [L., gr. The east wind. Euryale Eu*ry"a*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Euryale, one of the Gorgons.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of water lilies, growing in India and China. The only species (E. ferox) is very prickly on the peduncles and calyx. The rootstocks and seeds are used as food. 2. (Zo\'94l) A genus of ophiurans with much-branched arms. Euryalida Eu`ry*al"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of Ophiuroidea, including the genera Euryale, Astrophyton, etc. They generally have the arms branched. See Astrophyton. Eurycerous Eu*ryc"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having broad horns. Eurypteroid Eu*ryp"ter*oid (?), a. [Eurypterus + -oid.] (Paleon.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Euryperus. Eurypteroidea Eu*ryp`te*roi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Eurypteroid.] (Paleont.) An extinct order of Merostomata, of which the genus Eurypterus is the type. They are found only in Paleozoic rocks. [Written also Eurypterida.] Eurypterus Eu*ryp"te*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Merostomata, found in Silurian rocks. Some of the species are more than three feet long. Eurythmy Eu"ryth*my (?), n. [L. eurythmia, Gr. eurythmie.] 1. (Fine Arts) Just or harmonious proportion or movement, as in the composition of a poem, an edifice, a painting, or a statue. 2. (Med.) Regularly of the pulse. Eusebian Eu*se"bi*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Eusebius, bishop of C\'91sarea, who was a friend and protector of Arius. Eustachian Eu*sta"chi*an (?), a. [From Eustachi, a learned Italian physician who died in Rome, 1574.] (Anat.) (a) Discovered by Eustachius. (b) Pertaining to the Eustachian tube; as, Eustachian catheter. Eustachian catheter, a tubular instrument to be introduced into the Eustachian tube so as to allow of inflation of the middle ear through the nose or mouth. -- Eustrachian tube (Anat.), a passage from the tympanum of the ear to the pharynx. See Ear. -- Eustachian valve (Anat.), a crescent-shaped fold of the lining membrane of the heart at the entrance of the vena cava inferior. It directs the blood towards the left auricle in the fetus, but is rudimentary and functionless in the adult. Eustyle Eu"style` (?), n. [Gr. eustyle.] (Arch.) See Intercolumnlation. Eutaxy Eu"tax*y (?), n. [Gr. eutaxie.] Good or established order or arrangement. [R.] E. Waterhouse. Euterpe Eu*ter"pe (?). [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse who presided over music. 2. (Bot.) A genus of palms, some species of which are elegant trees. Euterpean Eu*ter"pe*an (?) a. Of or pertaining to Euterpe or to music. Euthanasia Eu`tha*na"si*a (?) n. [NL., fr. Gr. euthanasie.] An easy death; a mode of dying to be desired. "An euthanasia of all thought." Hazlitt. The kindest wish of my friends is euthanasia. Arbuthnot. <-- 2. A putting to death for humane purposes. Used to refer to the killing of animals to relieve or avoid pain. --> Euthanasy Eu*than"a*sy (?), n. Same as Euthanasia. Euthiochroic Eu`thi*o*chro"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid so called. Euthiochroic acid (Chem.), a complex derivative of hydroquinone and sulphonic (thionic) acid. -- so called because it contains sulphur, and forms brilliantly colored (yellow) salts. Euthyneura Eu`thy*neu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A large division of gastropod molluske, including the Pulmonifera and Opisthobranchiata. Eutrophy Eu"tro*phy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive functions. Eutychian Eu*tych"i*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Eutyches [5th century], who held that the divine and the human in the person of Christ were blended together as to constitute but one nature; a monophysite; -- opposed to Nestorian. Eutychianism Eu*tych"i*an*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of Eutyches and his followers. Euxanthic Eux*an"thic (?) a. (Chem.) Having a yellow color; pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, euxanthin. Euxanthic acid (Chem.), a yellow, crystalline, organic acid, extracted from euxanthin. Euxanthin Eux*an"thin (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also puri, purree, and Indian yellow. Euxenite Eux"e*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A brownish black mineral with a metallic luster, found in Norway. It contains niobium, titanium, yttrium, and uranium, with some other metals. Evacate E*va"cate (?), v. t. [Pref. e- + vacate.] To empty. [Obs.] Harvey. Evacuant E*vac"u*ant (?), a. [L.evacuans, -antis, p. pr. of evacuare: cf. F. \'82vacuant.] Emptying; evacuative; purgative; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A purgative or cathartic. Evacuate E*vac"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evacuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evacuating.] [l. evacuatus, p. p. of evacuare to empty, nullify; e out + vacuus empty, vacare to be empty. See Vacate.] 1. To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of; as, to evacuate a vessel or dish. 2. Fig.: To make empty; to deprive. [R.] Evacuate the Scriptures of their most important meaning. Coleriage. 3. To remove; to eject; to void; o discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bowels. 4. To withdraw from; to quit; to retire from; as, soldiers from a country, city, or fortress. The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country. Burke. 5. To make void; to nullify; to vacate; as, to evacuate a contract or marriage. [Obs.] Bacon. Evacuate E*vac"u*ate, v. i. To let blood [Obs.] Burton. Evacuation E*vac`u*a"tion (?), n. [L. evacuatio: cf. F. \'82vacuation.] 1. The act of emptying, clearing of the contents, or discharging. Specifically: (a) (Mil.) Withdrawal of troops from a town, fortress, etc. (b) (Med.) Voidance of any matter by the natural passages of the body or by an artificial opening; defecation; also, a diminution of the fluids of an animal body by cathartics, venesection, or other means. 2. That which is evacuated or discharged; especially, a discharge by stool or other natural means. Quincy. 3. Abolition; nullification. [Obs.] Hooker. Evacuation day, the anniversary of the day on which the British army evacuated the city of New York, November 25, 1783. Evacuative E*vac"u*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82vacuatif.] Serving of tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative. Evacuator E*vac"u*a`tor (?), n. One who evacuates; a nullifier. "Evacuators of the law." Hammond. Evacuatory E*vac"u*a*to*ry (?), n. A purgative. Evade E*vade" (v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evaded; p. pr. & vb. n.. Evading.] [L. evadere, evasum, e out + vadere to go, walk: cf. F. s'\'82vader. See Wade.] To get away from by artifice; to avoid by dexterity, subterfuge, address, or ingenuity; to elude; to escape from cleverly; as, to evade a blow, a pursuer, a punishment; to evade the force of an argument. The heathen had a method, more truly their own, of evading the Christian miracles. Trench. Evade E*vade", v. t. 1. To escape; to slip away; -- sometimes with from. "Evading from perils." Bacon. Unarmed they might Have easily, as spirits evaded swift By quick contraction or remove. Milton. 2. To attempt to escape; to practice artifice or sophistry, for the purpose of eluding. The ministers of God are not to evade and take refuge any of these . . . ways. South. Syn>- To equivocate; shuffle. See Prevaricate. Evadible E*vad"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being evaded. [R.] Evagation Ev`a*ga"tion (?), n. [L. evagatio, fr. evagari to wander forth: cf. F. \'82vagation. See Vagary.] A wandering about; excursion; a roving. [R.] Ray. Evagination E*vag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. evaginatio an extending, evaginare to unsheathe; e out + vagina sheath.] The act of unsheathing. Eval E"val (?), a. [L. aevum lifetime, age, eternity.] Relating to time or duration. [Obs.] Evaluate E*val"u*ate (?), v. t. [See Evaluation.] To fix the value of; to rate; to appraise. Evaluation E*val`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82valuation, LL. evaluatio.] Valuation; appraisement. J. S. Mill. Evanesce Ev`a*nesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Evanesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evanescing. (.] [L. evanescere; e out + vanescere to vanish, fr. vanus empty, vain. See Vain, and cf. Evanish.] To vanish away; to because dissipated and disappear, like vapor. I believe him to have evanesced or evaporated. De Quincey. Evanescence Ev`a*nes"cence (?), n. The act or state of vanishing away; disappearance; as, the evanescence of vapor, of a dream, of earthly plants or hopes. Rambler. Evanescent Ev`a*nes"cent (?), a. [L. evanescens, -entis, p. pr. of evanescere.] 1. Liable to vanish or pass away like vapor; vanishing; fleeting; as, evanescent joys. So evanescent are the fashions of the world in these particulars. Hawthorne. 2. Vanishing from notice; imperceptible. The difference between right and wrong, is some petty cases, is almost evanescent. Wollaston. Evanescently Ev`a*nes"cent*ly, adv. In a vanishing manner; imperceptibly. Chalmers. Evangel E*van"gel (?), n. [F. \'82vangile, L. evangelium, Gr. Eu-, and cf. Evangely.] Good news; announcement of glad tidings; especially, the gospel, or a gospel. Milton. Her funeral anthem is a glad evangel. Whittier. Evangelian E`van*ge"li*an (?), a. Rendering thanks for favors. Evangelic E`van*gel"ic (?), a. [L. evangelicus, Gr. \'82vang\'82lique. See Evangel.] Belonging to, or contained in, the gospel; evangelical. "Evangelic truth." J. Foster. Evangelical E`van*gel"ic*al (?), a. 1. Contained in, or relating to, the four Gospels; as, the evangelical history. 2. Belonging to, agreeable or consonant to, or contained in, the gospel, or the truth taught in the New Testament; as, evangelical religion. 3. Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in interpreting Christian doctrine; pre\'89minetly orthodox; -- technically applied to that party in the Church of England, and in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which holds the doctrine of "Justification by Faith alone"; the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other religion bodies not regarded as orthodox. Evangelical Alliance, an alliance for mutual strengthening and common work, comprising Christians of different denominations and countries, organized in Liverpool, England, in 1845. -- Evangelical Church. (a) The Protestant Church in Germany. (b) A church founded by a fusion of Lutherans and Calvinists in Germany in 1817. -- Evangelical Union, a religion sect founded in Scotland in 1843 by the Rev. James Morison; -- called also Morisonians. Evangelical E`van*gel"ic*al, n. One of evangelical principles. Evangelicalism E`van*gel"ic*al*ism (?), n. Adherence to evangelical doctrines; evangelism. G. Eliot. Evangelically E`van*gel"ic*al*ly, adv. In an evangelical manner. Evangelicalness E`van*gel"ic*al*ness, n. State of being evangelical. Evangelicism E`van*gel"i*cism (?) n. Evangelical principles; evangelism. Evangelicity E*van`ge*lic"i*ty (?), n. Evangelicism. Evangelism E*van"gel*ism (?) n. The preaching or promulgation of the gospel. Bacon. Evangelist E*van"gel*ist, n. [F. \'82vang\'82liste, L. evangelista, fr. Gr. A bringer of the glad tidings of Church and his doctrines. Specially: (a) A missionary preacher sent forth to prepare the way for a resident pastor; an itinerant missionary preacher. (b) A writer of one of the four Gospels (With the definite article); as, the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. (c) A traveling preacher whose efforts are chiefly directed to arouse to immediate repentance. The Apostles, so far as they evangelized, might claim the tittle though there were many evangelists who were not Apistles. Plumptre. Evangelistary E*van`gel*is"ta*ry (?), n. [LL. evangelistarium.] A selection of passages from the Gospels, as a lesson in divine service. Porson. Evangelistic E*van`gel*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to the four evangelists; designed or fitted to evangelize; evangelical; as, evangelistic efforts. Evangelization E*van`gel*i*za"tion (?) n. The act of evangelizing; the state of being evangelized. The work of Christ's ministers is evangelization. Hobbes. Evangelize E*van"gel*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evangelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evangelizing (?)]. [F. \'82vang\'82lisre, LL. evangelizare, fr. Gr. To instruct in the gospel; to preach the gospel to; to convert to Christianity; as, to evangelize the world. His apostles whom he sends To evangelize the nations. Milton. Evangelize E*van"gel*ize, v. i. To preach the gospel. Evangely E*van"ge*ly (?), n. Evangel. [Obs.] The sacred pledge of Christ's evangely. Spenser. Evangile E*van"gile (?), n. [F. \'82vangile. See Evangel.] Good tidings; evangel. [R.] Above all, the Servians . . . read, with much avidity, the evangile of their freedom. Londor. Evanid E*van"id (?), a. [L. evanidus, fr. evanescere. See Evanesce.] Liable to vanish or disappear; faint; weak; evanescent; as, evanid color. [Obs.] They are very transistory and evanid. Barrow. Evanish E*van"ish (?), v. i. [Pref. e- + vanish: cf. L. evanescere. See Evanesce, vanish.] To vanish. Or like the rainbow's lovely form, Evanishing amid the storm. Burns. Evanishment E*van"ish*ment (?), n. A vanishing; disappearance. [R.] T. Jefferson. Evaporable E*vap"o*ra*ble (?), a. Capable of being converted into vapor, or dissipated by evaporation. Evaporate E*vap"o*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evaporated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evaporating (?).] [L. evaporatus, p. p. of evaporare; e out + vapor steam or vapor. See Vapor.] 1. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated, either in visible vapor, or in practice too minute to be visible. 2. To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to be wasted, as, the spirit of writer often evaporates in the process of translation. To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontents to evaporate . . . is a safe way. Bacon. Evaporate E*vap"o*rate, v. t. 1. To convert from a liquid or solid state into vapor (usually) by the agency of heat; to dissipate in vapor or fumes. 2. To expel moisture from (usually by means of artificial heat), leaving the solid portion; to subject to evaporation; as, to evaporate apples. 3. To give vent to; to dissipate. [R.] My lord of Essex evaporated his thoughts in a sonnet. Sir. H. Wotton. Evaporating surface (Steam Boilers), that part of the heating surface with which water is in contact. Evaporate E*vap"o*rate (?), a. [L. evaporatus, p. p.] Dispersed in vapors. Thomson. Evaporation E*vap`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. evaporatio: cf. F. \'82vaporation.] 1. The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into, and carried off in, vapor; as, the evaporation of water, of ether, of camphor. 2. The transformation of a portion of a fluid into vapor, in order to obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a state of greater consistence. 3. That which is evaporated; vapor. 4. (Steam Engine) See Vaporization. Evaporaive E*vap"o*ra*ive (?), a. [L. evaporatius: cf. F. \'82vaporatif.] Pertaining to, or producing, evaporation; as, the evaporative process. Evaporator E*vap"o*ra`tor (?), n. An apparatus for condensing vegetable juices, or for drying fruit by heat. Evaporometer E*vap`o*rom"e*ter (?), n. [L. evaporare to evaporate + -meter: cf. F. \'82vaporm\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid evaporated in a given time; an atmometer. Evasible E*va"si*ble (?), a. That may be evaded. [R.] Evasion E*va"sion (?), n. [L. evasio: cf. F. \'82vasion. See Evade.] The act of eluding or avoiding, particularly the pressure of an argument, accusation, charge, or interrogation; artful means of eluding. Thou . . . by evasions thy crime uncoverest more. Milton. Syn. -- Shift; subterfuge; shuffling; prevarication; equivocation. Evasive E*va"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82vasif. See Evade.] Tending to evade, or marked by evasion; elusive; shuffling; avoiding by artifice. Thus he, though conscious of the ethereal guest, Answered evasive of the sly request. Pope. Stammered out a few evasive phrases. Macaulay. -- E*va"sive*ly , adv. -- E*va"sive*ness, n. Eve Eve (?), n. [See Even, n.] 1. Evening. [Poetic] Winter oft, at eve resumes the breeze. Thomson. 2. The evening before a holiday, -- from the Jewish mode of reckoning the day as beginning at sunset. not at midnight; as, Christians eve is the evening before Christmas; also, the period immediately preceding some important event. "On the eve of death." Keble. Eve churr (Zo\'94l), the European goatsucker or nightjar; -- called also night churr, and churr owl. Evectics E*vec"tics (?), n. [Gr. The branch of medical science which teaches the method of acquiring a good habit of body. [Obs.] Evection E*vec"tion (?). [L. evectio a going up, fr. evehere to carry out; e out + vehere to carry: cf. F \'82vection.] 1. The act of carrying up or away; exaltation. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. 2. (Astron.) (a) An inequality of the moon's motion is its orbit to the attraction of the sun, by which the equation of the center is diminished at the syzygies, and increased at the quadratures by about 1° 20\'b7. (b) The libration of the moon. Whewell. Even E"ven (?) n. [OE. eve, even, efen, \'91fen. AS. \'d6fen; akin to OS. \'beband, OFries, \'bevend, D. avond, OHG. \'beband, Icel. aptan, Sw. afton, Dan. aften; of unknown origin. Cf. Eve, Evening.] Evening. See Eve, n. 1. [Poetic.] Shak. Even E"ven, a. [AS. efen. efn; akin to OS. eban, D. even, OHG. eban, G. efen, Icel. jafn, Dan. jevn, Sw. j\'84mn, Goth. ibns. Cf. Anent, Ebb.] 1. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; free from irregularities; hence uniform in rate of motion of action; as, even ground; an even speed; an even course of conduct. 2. Equable; not easily ruffed or disturbed; calm; uniformly self-possessed; as, an even temper. 3. Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit. And shall lay thee even with the ground. Luke xix. 44. 4. Balanced; adjusted; fair; equitable; impartial; just to both side; owing nothing on either side; -- said of accounts, bargains, or persons indebted; as, our accounts are even; an even bargain. To make the even truth in pleasure flow. Shak. 5. Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure. "I know my life so even." Shak. 6. Associate; fellow; of the same condition. [Obs.] "His even servant." Wyclif (Matt. 7. Not odd; capable of division by two without a remainder; -- said of numbers; as, 4 and 10 are even numbers. Whether the number of the stars is even or odd. Jer. Taylor. On even ground, with equal advantage. -- On even keel (Naut.), in a level or horizontal position. Even E"ven (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evening (?)] 1. To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth. His temple Xerxes evened with the soil. Sir. W. Raleigh. It will even all inequalities Evelyn. 2. To equal [Obs.] "To even him in valor." Fuller. 3. To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits. Shak. 4. To set right; to complete. 5. To act up to; to keep pace with. Shak. Even E"ven (?), v. i. To be equal. [Obs.] R. Carew. Even E"ven, adv. [AS. efne. See Even, a., and cf. E'en.] 1. In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally; precisely; just; likewise; as well. "Is it even so?" Shak. Even so did these Gauls possess the coast. Spenser. 2. Up to, or down to, an unusual measure or level; so much as; fully; quite. Thou wast a soldier Even to Cato's wish. Shak. Without . . . making us even sensible of the change. Swift. 3. As might not be expected; -- serving to introduce what is unexpected or less expected. I have made several discoveries, which appear new, even to those who are versed in critical learning. Addison. 4. At the very time; in the very case. I knew they were had enough to please, even when I wrote them. Dryden. NOTE: &hand; Ev en is sometimes used to emphasize a word or phrase. "I have debated even in my soul." Shak. By these presence, even the presence of Lord Mortimer. Shak. Evene E*vene" (?), v. i. [L. evenire. See Event.] To happen. [Obs.] Hewyt. Evener E"ven*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which makes even. 2. In vehicles, a swinging crossbar, to the ends of which other crossbars, or whiffletrees, are hung, to equalize the draught when two or three horses are used abreast. Evenfall E"ven*fall` (?), n. Beginning of evening. "At the quiet evenfall." Tennyson. Evenhand E"ven*hand` (?), n. Equality. [Obs.] Bacon. Evenhanded E"ven*hand`ed, a. Fair or impartial; unbiased. "Evenhanded justice." Shak. -- E"ven*hand`ed*ly, adv. -- E"ven*hand`ed*ness, n. Evening E"ven*ing (?), n. [AS. \'d6fnung. See even, n., and cf. Eve.] 1. The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline of the day, or of the sum. In the ascending scale Of heaven, the stars that usher evening rose. Milton. NOTE: &hand; So metimes, es pecially in th e Southern parts of the United States, the afternoon is called evening. Bartlett. 2. The latter portion, as of life; the declining period, as of strength or glory. NOTE: &hand; So metimes used adjectively; as, evening gun. "Evening Prayer." Shak. Evening flower (Bot.), a genus of iridaceous plants (Hesperantha) from the Cape of Good Hope, with sword-shaped leaves, and sweet-scented flowers which expand in the evening. -- Evening grosbeak (Zo\'94l.), an American singing bird (Coccothraustes vespertina) having a very large bill. Its color is olivaceous, with the crown, wings, and tail black, and the under tail coverts yellow. So called because it sings in the evening. -- Evening primrose. See under Primrose. -- The evening star, the bright star of early evening in the western sky, soon passing below the horizon; specifically, the planet Venus; -- called also Vesper and Hesperus. During portions of the year, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are also evening stars. See Morning Star. Evenly E"ven*ly (?), adv. With an even, level, or smooth surface; without roughness, elevations, or depression; uniformly; equally; comfortably; impartially; serenely. Evenminded E"ven*mind`ed (?), a. Having equanimity. Evenness E"ven*ness, n. The state of being ven, level, or disturbed; smoothness; horizontal position; uniformity; impartiality; calmness; equanimity; appropriate place or level; as, evenness of surface, of a fluid at rest, of motion, of dealings, of temper, of condition. It had need be something extraordinary, that must warrant an ordinary person to rise higher than his own evenness. Jer. Taylor. Evensong E"ven*song` (?), n. [AS. \'d6fensang.] A song for the evening; the evening service or form of worship (in the Church of England including vespers and compline); also, the time of evensong. Wyclif. Milton. Event E*vent" (?), n. [L. eventus, fr. evenire to happen, come out; e out + venire to come. See Come.] 1. That which comes, arrives, or happens; that which falls out; any incident, good or bad. "The events of his early years." Macaulay. To watch quietly the course of events. Jowett (Thucyd. ) There is one event to the righteous, and to the wicked. Eccl. ix. 2. 2. An affair in hand; business; enterprise. [Obs.] "Leave we him to his events." Shak. 3. The consequence of anything; the issue; conclusion; result; that in which an action, operation, or series of operations, terminates. Dark doubts between the promise and event. Young. Syn. -- Incident; occurrence; adventure; issue; result; termination; consequence; conclusion. -- Event, Occurrence, Incident, Circumstance. An event denotes that which arises from a preceding state of things. Hence we speak or watching the event; of tracing the progress of events. An occurrence has no reference to any antecedents, but simply marks that which meets us in our progress through life, as if by chance, or in the course of divine providence. The things which thus meet us, if important, are usually connected with antecedents; and hence event is the leading term. In the "Declaration of Independence" it is said, "When, in the cource of human events, it becomes necessary." etc. Here, occurrences would be out of place. An incident is that which falls into a state of things to which is does not primarily belong; as, the incidents of a journey. The term is usually applied to things of secondary importance. A circumstance is one of the things surrounding us in our path of life. These may differ greatly in importance; but they are always outsiders, which operate upon us from without, exerting greater or less influence according to their intrinsic importance. A person giving an account of a campaign might dwell on the leading events which it produced; might mention some of its striking occurrences; might allude to some remarkable incidents which attended it; and might give the details of the favorable or adverse circumstances which marked its progress.<-- events which produced it? --> <-- p. 517 --> Event E*vent" (?), v. t. [F. \'82venter to fan, divulge, LL. eventare to fan, fr., L. e out + ventus wind.] To break forth. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Eventerate E*ven"ter*ate (?), v. t. [L. e out + venter the belly: cf. F. \'82venter.] To rip open; todisembowel. [Obs.] Sir. T. Brown. Eventful E*vent"ful (?) a. Full of, or rich in, events or incidents; as, an eventful journey; an eventful period of history; an eventful period of life. Eventide E"ven*tide` (?) n. [AS. \'d6fent\'c6d. See Tide.] The time of evening; evening. [Poetic.] Spenser. Eventilate E*ven"ti*late (?), v. t. [L. eventilatus, p. p. of eventilare to fan. See Ventilate.] 1. To winnow out; to fan. [Obs.] Cockeram. 2. To discuss; to ventilate. [Obs.] Johnson. Eventilation E*ven`ti*la"tion (?), n. The act of eventilating; discussion. [Obs.] Bp. Berkely. Eventless E*vent"less (?), a. Without events; tame; monotomous; marked by nothing unusual; uneventful. Eventognathi Ev`en*tog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Dr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including a vast number of freshwater species such as the carp, loach, chub, etc. Eventration E`ven*tra*tion (?), n. [L. e out + venter belly.] (Med.) (a) A tumor containing a large portion of the abdominal viscera, occasioned by relaxation of the walls of the abdomen. (b) A wound, of large extent, in the abdomen, through which the greater part of the intestines protrude. (c) The act af disemboweling. Eventtual E*vent"tu*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82ventiel. See Event.] 1. Coming or happening as a consequence or result; consequential. Burke. 2. Final; ultimate. "Eventual success." Cooper. 3. (Law) Dependent on events; contingent. Marshall. Eventuality E*ven`tu*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Eventualities (#). [Cf. F. \'82ventualit\'82.] 1. The coming as a consequence; contingency; also, an event which comes as a consequence. 2. (Phren.) Disposition to take cognizance of events. Eventually E*ven"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In an eventual manner; finally; ultimately. Eventuate E*ven"tu*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eventuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eventuating.] To come out finally or in conclusion; to result; to come to pass. Eventuation E*ven`tu*a"tion (?), n. The act of eventuating or happening as a result; the outcome. R. W. Hamilton. Ever Ev"er (?) adv. [OE. ever, \'91fre, AS. \'91fre; perh. akin to AS. \'be always. Cf. Aye, Age,Evry, Never.] [Sometimes contracted into e'er.] 1. At any time; at any period or point of time. No man ever yet hated his own flesh. Eph. v. 29. 2. At all times; through all time; always; forever. He shall ever love, and always be The subject of by scorn and cruelty. Dryder. 3. Without cessation; continually. NOTE: &hand; Ev er is so metimes used as an intensive or a word of enforcement. "His the old man e'er a son?" Shak. To produce as much as ever they can. M. Arnold. Ever and anon, now and then; often. See under Anon. -- Ever is one, continually; constantly. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ever so, in whatever degree; to whatever extent; -- used to intensify indefinitely the meaning of the associated adjective or adverb. See Never so, under Never. "Let him be ever so rich." Emerson. And all the question (wrangle e'er so long), Is only this, if God has placed him wrong. Pope. You spend ever so much money in entertaining your equals and betters. Thackeray. -- For ever, eternally. See Forever. -- For ever and a day, emphatically forever. Shak. She [Fortune] soon wheeled away, with scornful laughter, out of sight for ever and day. Prof. Wilson. -- Or ever (for or ere), before. See Or, ere. [Archaic] Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio! Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ever is sometimes joined to its adjective by a hyphen, but in most cases the hyphen is needless; as, ever memorable, ever watchful, ever burning. Everduring Ev`er*dur"ing (?) a. Everlasting. Shak. Everglade Ev`er*glade (?), n. A swamp or low tract of land inundated with water and interspersed with hummocks, or small islands, and patches of high grass; as, the everglades of Florida. [U. S.] Evergreen Ev"er*green (?) a. (Bot.) Remaining unwithered through the winter, or retaining unwithered leaves until the leaves of the next year are expanded, as pines cedars, hemlocks, and the like. Evergreen Ev"er*green, n. 1. (Bot.) An evergreen plant. 2. pl. Twigs and branches of evergreen plants used for decoration. "The funeral evengreens entwine." Keble. Everich, Everych Ev"er*ich (?), Ev"er*ych, a. [OE. see Every.] each one; every one; each of two. See Every. [Obs.] Chaucer. Everichon, Everychon Ev`er*ich*on", Ev`er*ych*on" (?), pron. [OE. everich + oon, on, one. See Every, and One.] Every one. [Obs.] Chaucer. Everlasting Ever*last"ing (?) a. 1. Lasting or enduring forever; exsisting or continuing without end; immoral; eternal. "The Everlasting God." Gen. xx1. 33. 2. Continuing indefinitely, or during a long period; perpetual; sometimes used, colloquially, as a strong intensive; as, this everlasting nonsence. I will give to thee, and to thy seed after thee . . . the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession. Gen xvii. 8. And heard thy everlasting yawn confess The pains and penalties of idleness. Pope. Syn. -- Eternal; immortal, interminable; endless; never-ending; infinite; unceasing; uninterrupted; continual; unintermitted; incessant. - Everlasting, Eternal. Eternal denotes (when taken strictly) without beginning or end of duration; everlasting is sometimes used in our version of the Scriptures in the sense of eternal, but in modern usage is confined to the future, and implies no intermission as well as no end. Whether we shall meet again I know not; Therefore our everlasting farewell take; Forever, and forever farewell, Cassius. Shak. Everlasting flower. Sane as Everlasting, n., 3. -- Everlasting pea, an ornamental plant (Lathyrus latifolius) related to the pea; -- so called because it is perennial. Enerlasting En`er*last"ing, n. 1. Eternal duration, past of future; eternity. From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. Ps. xc. 2. 2. (With the definite article) The Eternal Being; God. 3. (Bot.) A plant whose flowers may be dried without losing their form or color, as the pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea), the immortelle of the French, the cudweeds, etc. 4. A cloth fabic for shoes, etc. See Lasting. Everlastingly Ev`er*last"ing*ly, adv. In an everlasting manner. Everlastingness Ev`er*last"ing*ness, n. The state of being everlasting; endless duration; indefinite duration. Everliving Ev`er*liv"ing (?), a. 1. Living always; immoral; eternal; as, the everliving God. 2. Continual; incessant; unintermitted. Evermore Ev`er*more" (?), adv. During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for. Seek the Lord . . . Seek his face evermore. Ps. cv. 4. And, behold, I am alive for evermore. Rev. i. 18. Which flow from the presence of God for evermore. Tillotson. I evermore did love you, Hermia. Shak. Evernic E*ver"nic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to Evernia, a genus of lichens; as, evernic acid. Everse E*verse" (?), v. t. [L. eversus, p. p. of evertere to turn out, overthrow; e out + vertere to turn. Cf. Evert.] To overthrow or subvert. [Obs.] Glanvill. Eversion E*ver"sion (?), n. [L. eversio: cf. F. \'82version.] 1. The act of eversing; destruction. Jer. Taylor. 2. The state of being turned back or outward; as, eversion of eyelids; ectropium. Eversive E*ver"sive (?), a. Tending to evert or overthrow; subversive; with of. A maxim eversive . . . of all justice and morality. Geddes. Evert E*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Everted; p. pr. & vb. n. Everting.] [L. evertere. See Everse.] 1. To overthrow; to subvert. [R.] Ayliffe. 2. To turn outwards, or inside out, as an intestine. Every Ev"er*y (?), a. & a. pron. [OE. everich, everilk; AS. ever + \'91lc each. See Ever, each.] 1. All the parts which compose a whole collection or aggregate number, considered in their individuality, all taken separately one by one, out of an indefinite bumber. Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps. xxxix. 5. Every door and window was adorned with wreaths of flowers. Macaulay. 2. Every one. Cf. Each. [Obs.] "Every of your wishes." Shak. Daily occasions given to every of us. Hooker. Every each, every one. [Obs.] "Every each of them hath some vices." Burton.. -- Every now and then, at short intervals; occasionally; repeatedly; frequently. [Colloq.] NOTE: &hand; Every may, by way of emphasis, precede the article the with a superlative adjective; as, every, the least variation. Locke. Syn. -- Every, Each, Any. Any denotes one, or some, taken indifferently from the individuals which compose a class. Every differs from each in giving less promonence to the selection of the individual. Each relates to two or more individuals of a class. It refers definitely to every one of them, denoting that they are considered separately, one by one, all being included; as, each soldier was receiving a dollar per day. Every relates to more than two and brings into greater prominence the notion that not one of all considered is excepted; as, every soldier was on service, except the cavalry, that is, all the soldiers, etc. In each division there were four pentecosties, in every pentecosty four enomoties, and of each enomoty there fought in the front rank four [soldiers]. Jowett (Thucyd. ). If society is to be kept together and the children of Adam to be saved from setting up each for himself with every one else his foe. J. H. Newman. Everybody Ev"er*y*bod`y (?), n. Every person. Everyday Ev"er*y*day` (?), a. Used or fit for every day; common; usual; as, an everyday suit or clothes. The mechanical drudgery of his everyday employment. Sir. J. Herchel. Everyone Ev"er*y*one` (?), n. [OE. everychon.] Everybody; -- commonly separated, every one. Everything Ev"er*y*thing` (?), n. Whatever pertains to the subject under consideration; all things. More wise, more learned, more just, more everything. Pope. Everywhen Ev"er*y*when` (?), adv. At any or all times; every instant. [R.] "Eternal law is silently present everywhere and everywhen." Carlyle. Everywhere Ev"er*y*where` (?), adv. In every place; in all places; hence, in every part; throughly; altogether. Everywhereness Ev"er*y*where`ness (?), n. Ubiquity; omnipresence. [R.] Grew. Evesdrop Eves"drop` (?), v. i. See Eavesdrop. Evesdropper Eves"drop`per (?), n. See Eavesdropper. Evestigate E*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. evestigatus traced out; e out + vestigatus, p. p. of vestigare. See Vestigate.] To investigate. [Obs.] Bailey. Evet Ev"et (?), n. [See Eft, n.] (Zo\'94l.) The common newt or eft. In America often applied to several species of aquatic salamanders. [Written also evat.] Evibrate E*vi"brate (?), v. t. & i. [L. evibrare. See Vibrate.] To vibrate. [Obs.] Cockeram. Evict E*vict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Evicting.] [L. evictus, p. p. of evincere to overcome completely, evict. See Evince.] 1. (Law) To dispossess by a judicial process; to dispossess by paramount right or claim of such right; to eject; to oust. The law of England would speedily evict them out of their possession. Sir. J. Davies. 2. To evince; to prove. [Obs.] Cheyne. Eviction E*vic"tion (?), n. [L. evictio: cf. F. \'82viction.] 1. The act or process of evicting; or state of being evicted; the recovery of lands, tenements, etc., from another's possession by due course of law; dispossession by paramount title or claim of such title; ejectment; ouster. 2. Conclusive evidence; proof. [Obs.] Full eviction of this fatal truth. South. Evidence Ev"i*dence (?), n. [F. \'82vidence, L. Evidentia. See Evident.] 1. That which makes evident or manifest; that which furnishes, or tends to furnish, proof; any mode of proof; the ground of belief or judgement; as, the evidence of our senses; evidence of the truth or falsehood of a statement. Faith is . . . the evidence of things not seen. Heb. xi. 1. O glorious trial of exceeding love Illustrious evidence, example high. Milton. 2. One who bears witness. [R.] "Infamous and perjured evidences." Sir W. Scott. 3. (Law) That which is legally submitted to competent tribunal, as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under investigation before it; means of making proof; -- the latter, strictly speaking, not being synonymous with evidence, but rather the effect of it. Greenleaf. Circumstantial evidence, Conclusive evidence, etc. See under Circumstantial, Conclusive, etc. -- Crown's, King's, OR Queen's evidence, evidence for the crown. [Eng.] -- State's evidence, evidence for the government or the people. [U. S. ] -- To turn King's, Queen's OR State's evidence, to confess a crime and give evidence against one's accomplices. Syn. -- Testimony; proof. See Tesimony. Evidence Ev"i*dence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evidenced (?); p, pr. & vb. n. Evidencing (?).] To render evident or clear; to prove; to evince; as, to evidence a fact, or the guilt of an offender. Milton. Evidencer Ev"i*den*cer (?), n. One whi gives evidence. Evident Ev"i*dent (?), a. [F. \'82vinent, l. evidens, -entis; e out + videns, p. pr. of videre to see. See Vision.] Clear to the vision; especially, clear to the understanding, and satisfactory to the judgment; as, the figure or color of a body is evident to the senses; the guilt of an offender can not always be made evident. Your honor and your goodness is so evident. Shak. And in our faces evident the sings Of foul concupiscence. Milton. Syn. -- Manifest; plain; clear; obvious; visible; apparent; conclusive; indubitable; palpable; notorious. See Manifest. Evidential Ev`i*den"tial (?), a. Relating to, or affording, evidence; indicative; especially, relating to the evidences of Christianity. Bp. Fleetwood. "Evidential tracks." Earle.. -- Ev`i*den"tial*ly, adv. Evidentiary Ev`i*den"ti*a*ry (?), a. Furnishing evidence; asserting; proving; evidential. When a fact is supposed, although incorrectly, to be evidentiary of, a mark of, some other fact. J. S. Mill. Evidently Ev"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In an evident manner; clearly; plainly. Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth. Gal. iii. 1. He has evidently in the prime of youth. W. Irving. Evidentness Ev"i*dent*ness, n. State of being evident. Evigilation E*vig`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. evigilatio; e out + vigilare to be awake. See Vigilant.] A waking up or awakening. [Obs.] Evil E*vil (?) a. [OE. evel, evil, ifel, uvel, AS. yfel; akin to OFries, evel, D. euvel, OS. & OHG. ubil, G. \'81bel, Goth. ubils, and perh. to E. over.] 1. Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a nature or properties which tend to badness; mischievous; not good; worthless or deleterious; poor; as, an evil beast; and evil plant; an evil crop. A good tree can not bring forth evil fruit. Matt. vii. 18. 2. Having or exhibiting bad moral qualities; morally corrupt; wicked; wrong; vicious; as, evil conduct, thoughts, heart, words, and the like. Ah, what a sign it is of evil life, When death's approach is seen so terrible. Shak. 3. Producing or threatening sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity; unpropitious; calamitous; as, evil tidings; evil arrows; evil days. Because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel. Deut. xxii. 19. The owl shrieked at thy birth -- an evil sign. Shak. Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton. Evil eye, an eye which inflicts injury by some magical or fascinating influence. It is still believed by the ignorant and superstitious that some persons have the supernatural power of injuring by a look. It almost led him to believe in the evil eye. J. H. Newman. -- Evil speaking, speaking ill of others; calumny; censoriousness. -- The evil one, the Devil; Satan. <-- p. 518 bad typing! --> NOTE: &hand; Ev il is so metimes wr itten as th e first part of a compound (with or without a hyphen). In many cases the compounding need not be insisted on. Examples: Evil doer or evildoer, evil speakink or evil-speaking, evil worker, evil wishink, evil-hearted, evil-minded. Syn. -- Mischieveous; pernicious; injurious; hurtful; destructive; wicked; sinful; bad; corrupt; perverse; wrong; vicious; calamitious. Evil > E"vil (?) n. 1. Anything which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; anything which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings; injury; mischief; harm; -- opposed to good. Evils which our own misdeeds have wrought. Milton. The evil that men do lives after them. Shak. 2. Moral badness, or the deviation of a moral being from the principles of virtue imposed by conscience, or by the will of the Supreme Being, or by the principles of a lawful human authority; disposition to do wrong; moral offence; wickedness; depravity. The heart of the sons of men is full of evil. Eccl. ix. 3. 3. malady or disease; especially in the phrase king's evil, the scrofula. [R.] Shak. He [Edward the Confessor] was the first that touched for the evil. Addison. Evil > E"vil, adv. In an evil manner; not well; ill; badly; unhappily; injuriously; unkindly. Shak. It went evil with his house. 1 Chron. vii. 23. The Egyptians evil entreated us, and affected us. Deut. xxvi. 6. Evil eye > E"vil eye` (?). See Evil eye under Evil, a. Evil-eyed > E"vil-eyed (?) a. Possessed of the supposed evil eye; also, looking with envy, jealousy, or bad design; malicious. Shak. Evil-favored > E"vil-fa`vored (?), a. Having a bad countenance or appearance; ill-favored; blemished; deformed. Bacon. -- E"vil-fa`vored*ness, n. Deut. xvi. 1. Evilly > E"vil*ly (?), adv. In an evil manner; not well; ill. [Obs.] "Good deeds evilly bestowed." Shak. Evil-minded > E"vil-mind`ed (?), a. Having evil dispositions or intentions; disposed to mischief or sin; malicious; malignant; wicked. -- E"vil-mind`ed*ness, n. Evilness > E"vil*ness, n. The condition or quality of being evil; badness; viciousness; malignity; vileness; as, evilness of heart; the evilness of sin. Evince > E*vince" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evinced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evincing (?).] [L. evincere vanquish completely, prevail, succeed in proving; e out + vincere to vanquish. See Victor, and cf. Evict.] 1. To conquer; to subdue. [Obs.] Error by his own arms is best evinced. Milton. 2. To show in a clear manner; to prove beyond any reasonable doubt; to manifest; to make evident; to bring to light; to evidence. Common sense and experience must and will evince the truth of this. South. Evincement > E*vince"ment (?), n. The act of evincing or proving, or the state of being evinced. Evincible > E*vin"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of being proved or clearly brought to light; demonstrable. Sir. M. Hale. --E*vin"ci*bly, adv. Evincive > E*vin"cive (?), a. Tending to prove; having the power to demonstrate; demonstrative; indicative. Evirate > E"vi*rate (?), v. t. [L. eviratus, p. p. of evirare to castrate; e out + vir man.] To emasculate; to dispossess of manhood. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Eviration > Ev`i*ra"tion (?), n. [L. eviratio.] Castration. [Obs.] Eviscerate > E*vis"cer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eviscerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eviscerating (?).] [L. evisceratus, p. p. of eviscerare to eviscerate; e out + viscera the bowels. See Viscera.] To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; to gut. Evisceration > E*vis`cer*a"tion (?), a. A disemboweling. Evitable > Ev"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. evitabilis: cf. F. \'82vitable.] A voidable. [R.] Hooker. Evitate > Ev"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. evitatus, p. p. of evitare to shun; e out + vitare to shun.] To shun; to avoid. [Obs.] Shak. Evitation > Ev`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. evitatio.] A shunning; avoidance. [Obs.] Bacon. Evite > E*vite" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. \'82viter. See Evitate.] To shun. [Obs.] Dryton. Eviternal > Ev`i*ter"nal (?), a. [L. eviternus, aeternus. See Etern.] Eternal; everlasting. [Obs.] -- Ev`i*ter"nal*ly, adv. Bp. Hall. Eviternity > Ev`i*ter"ni*ty (?), n. Eternity. [Obs.] Evocate > Ev"o*cate (?), v. t. [L. evocatus, p. p. of evocare. See Evoke.] To call out or forth; to summon; to evoke. [R.] Stackhouse. Evocation > Ev`o*ca"tion (?), n. [L. evocatio: cf. F. \'82vocation.] The act of calling out or forth. Sir. T. Browne. The evocation of that better spirit. M. Arnold. Evocative > E*vo"ca*tive (?), a. Calling forth; serving to evoke; developing. Evocative power over all that is eloquent and expressive in the better soul of man. W. Pater. Evocator > Ev"o*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who calls forth. [R.] Evoke > E*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evoking.] [L. evocare; e out + vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice: cf. F \'82voquer. See Voice, and cf. Evocate.] 1. To call out; to summon forth. To evoke the queen of the fairies. T. Warton. A requlating discipline of exercise, that whilst evoking the human energies, will not suffer them to be wasted. De Quincey. 2. To call away; to remove from one tribunal to another. [R.] "The cause was evoked to Rome." Hume. Evolatic, Evolatical > Ev`o*lat"ic (?), Ev`o*lat"ic*al (?), a. [L. evolare to fly away; e out + volare to fly.] Apt to fly away. [Obs. or R.] Blount. Evolation > Ev`o*la"tion (?), n. [L. evolatio.] A flying out or up. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Evolute > Ev"o*lute (?), n. [L. evolutus unrolled, p. p. of evolvere. See Evolve.] (Geom.) A curve from which another curve, called the involute or evolvent, is described by the end of a thread gradually wound upon the former, or unwound from it. See Involute. It is the locus of the centers of all the circles which are osculatory to the given curve or evolvent. NOTE: &hand; Any curve may be an evolute, the term being applied to it only in its relation to the involute. Evolutility > Ev`o*lu*til"i*ty (?), n. [See Evolution.] (Biol.) The faculty possessed by all substances capable of self-nourishment of manifesting the nutritive acts by changes of form, of volume, or of structure. Syd. Soc. Lex. Evolution > Ev`o*lu"tion (?), n. [L. evolutio an unrolling: cf. F. \'82volution evolution. See Evolve.] 1. The act of unfolding or unrolling; hence, in the process of growth; development; as, the evolution of a flower from a bud, or an animal from the egg. 2. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. "The whole evolution of ages." Dr. H. More. 3. (Geom.) The formation of an involute by unwrapping a thread from a curve as an evolute. Hutton. 4. (Arith. & Alg.) The extraction of roots; -- the reverse of involution. 5. (Mil. & Naval) A prescribed movement of a body of troops, or a vessel or fleet; any movement designed to effect a new arrangement or disposition; a maneuver. Those evolutions are best which can be executed with the greatest celerity, compatible with regularity. Campbell. 6. (Biol.) (a) A general name for the history of the steps by which any living organism has acquired the morphological and physiological characters which distinguish it; a gradual unfolding of successive phases of growth or development. (b) That theory of generation which supposes the germ to pre\'89xist in the parent, and its parts to be developed, but not actually formed, by the procreative act; -- opposed to epigenesis. 7. (Metaph.) That series of changes under natural law which involves continuous progress from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and from the single and simple to the diverse and manifold in quality or function. The pocess is by some limited to organic beings; by others it is applied to the inorganic and the psychical. It is also applied to explain the existence and growth of institutions, manners, language, civilization, and every product of human activity. The agencies and laws of the process are variously explained by different philosophrs. Evolution is to me series with development. Gladstone. Evolutional > Ev`o*lu"tion*al (?), a. Relating to evolution. "Evolutional changes." H. Spenser. Evolutionary > Ev`o*lu"tion*a*ry (?), a. Relating to evolution; as, evolutionary discussions. Evolutionism > Ev`o*lu"tion*ism (?), n. The theory of, or belief in, evolution. See Evolution, 6 and 7. Evolutionist > Ev`o*lu"tion*ist (?), n. 1. One skilled in evolutions. 2. one who holds the doctrine of evolution, either in biology or in metaphysics. Darwin. Evolve > E*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evolved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evolving.] [L. evolvere, evolutum; e out + volvere to roll. See Voluble.] 1. To unfold or unroll; to open and expand; to disentangle and exhibit clearly and satisfactorily; to develop; to derive; to educe. The animal soul sooner evolves itself to its full orb and extent than the human soul. Sir. M. Hale. The principles which art involves, science alone evolves. Whewell. Not by any power evolved from man's own resources, but by a power which descended from above. J. C. Shairp. 2. To throw out; to emit; as, to evolve odors. Evolve > E*volve", v. i. To become open, disclosed, or developed; to pass through a process of evolution. Prior. Evolvement > E*volve"ment (?), n. The act of evolving, or the state of being evolved; evolution. Evolvent > E*volv"ent (?), n. [L. evolvents. -entis, unrolling, p. pr. of evolvere.] (Geom.) The involute of a curve. See Involute, and Evolute. Evomit > E*vom"it (?), v. t. [L. evomitus, p. p. of evomere to vomit forth; e out + vomere.] To vomit. [Obs.] Evomition > Ev`o*mi"tion (?), n. The act of vomiting. [Obs.] Swift. Evulgate > E*vul"gate (?) v. t. [L. evulgatus, p. p. of evulgare to publish.] To publish abroad. [Obs.] Evulgation > Ev`ul*ga"tion (?), n. A divulging. [Obs.] Evulsion > E*vul"sion (?), n. [L. evulsio, fr. evellere, evulsum, to pluck out; e out + vellere to pluck; cf. F. \'82vulsion.] The act of plucking out; a rooting out. Ew > Ew (?), n. [See Yew.] A yew. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ewe > Ewe (?), n. [AS. e\'a2wu; akin to D. ooi, OHG. awi, ouwi, Icel. \'91r, Goth. aw\'c7\'edi a flock of sheep, awistr a sheepfold, Lith. avis a sheep, L. ovis, Gr. avi. \'fb231.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of the sheep, and of sheeplike animals. Ewe-necked > Ewe"-necked` (?), a. Having a neck like a ewe; -- said of horses in which the arch of the neck is deficent, being somewhat hollowed out. Youwatt. Ewer > Ew"er (?), n. [OF. ewer, euwier, prop. a water carrier, F. \'82vier a washing place, sink, aigui\'8are ewer, L. aquarius, adj., water carrying, n., a water carrier, fr. aqua water; akin to Goth. ahwa water, river, OHG, aha, G. au, aue, meadow. \'fb219. Cf. Aquarium, Aquatic, Island.] A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug; esp., one used to hold water for the toilet. Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands. Shak. Ewery, Ewry > Ew"er*y (?), Ew"ry (?) n. [From Ewer.] An office or place of household service where the ewers were formerly kept. [Enq.] Parker. Ewt > Ewt (?), n. [See Newt.] (Zo\'94l.) The newt. Ex- > Ex- (?). A prefix from the latin preposition, ex, akin to Gr. 'ex or 'ek signifying out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition, it signifies out of, as, in exhale, exclude; off, from, or out. as in exscind; beyond, as, in excess, exceed, excel; and sometimes has a privative sense of without, as in exalbuminuos, exsanguinous. In some words, it intensifies the meaning; in others, it has little affect on the signification. It becomes ef- before f, as in effuse. The form e- occurs instead of ex- before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v, as in ebullient, emanate, enormous, etc. In words from the French it often appears as es-, sometimes as s- or \'82-; as, escape, scape, \'82lite. Ex-, prefixed to names implying office, station, condition, denotes that the person formerly held the office, or is out of the office or condition now; as, ex-president, ex-governor, ex-mayor, ex-convict. The Greek form 'ex becomes ex in English, as in exarch; 'ek becomes ec, as in eccentric. Exacerbate > Ex*ac"er*bate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exacerrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exacerrating (?).] [L. exacerbatus, p. p. of exacerbare; ex out (intens.) + acerbare. See Acerbate.] To render more violent or bitter; to irriate; to exasperate; to imbitter, as passions or disease. Broughman. Exacerbation > Ex*ac`er*ba"tion (?) n. [Cf. F. exacerbation.] 1. The act rendering more violent or bitter; the state of being exacerbated or intensified in violence or malignity; as, exacerbation of passion. 2. (Med.) A periodical increase of violence in a disease, as in remittent or continious fever; an increased energy of diseased and painful action. Exacerbescence > Ex*ac`er*bes"cence (?), n. [L. exacerbescens, -entis, p. pr. of exacerbescere, incho. of exacerbare.] Increase of irritation or violence, particularly the increase of a fever or disease. Exacervation > Ex*ac`er*va"tion (?), n. [L. exacervare to heap up exceedingly. See Ex-, and Acervate.] The act of heaping up. [Obs.] Bailey. Exacinate > Ex*ac"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. ex out + acinus kernel.] To remove the kernel form. Exacination > Ex*ac`i*na"tion (?), n. Removal of the kernel. Exact > Ex*act" (?), a. [L. exactus precise, accurate, p. p. of exigere to drive out, to demand, enforce, finish, determine, measure; ex out + agere to drive; cf. F. exact. See Agent, Act.] 1. Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect; true; correct; precise; as, the clock keeps exact time; he paid the exact debt; an exact copy of a letter; exact accounts. I took a great pains to make out the exact truth. Jowett (Thucyd. ) 2. Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a promise; accurate; methodical; punctual; as, a man exact in observing an appointment; in my doings I was exact. "I see thou art exact of taste." Milton. 3. Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict. An exact command, Larded with many several sorts of reason. Shak. Exact > Ex*act", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exacting.] [From L. exactus, p. p. of exigere; or fr. LL. exactare: cf. OF. exacter. See Exact, a.] To demand or require authoritatively or peremptorily, as a right; to enforce the payment of, or a yielding of; to compel to yield or to furnish; hence, to wrest, as a fee or reward when none is due; -- followed by from or of before the one subjected to exaction; as, to exact tribute, fees, obedience, etc., from or of some one. He said into them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you. Luke. iii. 13. Years of servise past From grateful souls exact reward at last Dryden. My designs Exact me in another place. Massinger. Exact > Ex*act", v. i. To practice exaction. [R.] The anemy shall not exact upon him. Ps. lxxxix. 22. Exacter > Ex*act"er (?), n. An exactor. [R.] Exacting > Ex*act"ing, a. Oppressive or unreasonably severe in making demands or requiring the exact fulfillment of obligations; harsh; severe. "A temper so exacting." T. Arnold -- Ex*act"ing*ly, adv. -- Ex*act"ing*ness, n. Exaction > Ex*ac"tion (?), n. [L. exactio: cf. F. exaction.] 1. The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay or yield; compulsion to give or furnish; a levying by force; a driving to compliance; as, the exaction to tribute or of obedience; hence, extortion. Take away your exactions from my people. Ezek. xlv. 9. Daily new exactions are devised. Shak. Illegal exactions of sheriffs and officials. Bancroft. 2. That which is exacted; a severe tribute; a fee, reward, or contribution, demanded or levied with severity or injustice. Daniel. Exacritude > Ex*acr"i*tude (?), n. [Cf. F. exactitude.] The quality of being exact; exactness. Exactly > Ex*act"ly, adv. In an exact manner; precisely according to a rule, standard, or fact; accurately; strictly; correctly; nicely. "Exactly wrought." Shak. His enemies were pleased, for he had acted exactly as their interests required. Bancroft. Exactness > Ex*act"ness, n. 1. The condition of being exact; accuracy; nicety; precision; regularity; as, exactness of jurgement or deportment. 2. Careful observance of method and conformity to truth; as, exactness in accounts or business. He had . . . that sort of exactness which would have made him a respectable antiquary. Macaulay. Exactor > Ex*act"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. exacteur.] One who exacts or demands by authority or right; hence, an extortioner; also, one unreasonably severe in injunctions or demands. Jer. Taylor. _________________________________________________________________ Page 519 Exactress Ex*act"ress (?), n. [Cf. L. exactrix.] A woman who is an exactor. [R.] B. Jonson. Exacuate Ex*ac"u*ate (?), v. t. [L. exacure; ex out (intens.) + acuere to make sharp.] To whet or sharpen. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Ex*ac`u*a"tion (#), n. [Obs.] Ex\'91resis Ex*\'91r"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.) In old writers, the operations concerned in the removal of parts of the body. Exaggerate Ex*ag"ger*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exaggerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exaggerating . ] [L. exaggeratus , p. p. of exaggerare to heap up; ex out + aggerare to heap up, fr. agger heap, aggerere to bring to; ad to + gerere to bear. See Jest. ] 1. To heap up; to accumulate. [Obs.] "Earth exaggerated upon them [oaks and firs]." Sir M. Hale. 2. To amplify; to magnify; to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth ; to delineate extravagantly ; to overstate the truth concerning. A friend exaggerates a man's virtues. Addison. Exaggerated Ex*ag"ger*a`ted (?), a. Enlarged beyond bounds or the truth. -- Ex*ag"ger*a`ted*ly, adv. Exaggerating Ex*ag"ger*a`ting (?) a. That exaggerates; enlarging beyond bounds. -- Ex*ag"ger*a`ting*ly, adv. Exaggeration Ex*ag`ger*a"tion (?), n. [L. exaggeratio : cf. F. exag\'82ration.] 1. The act of heaping or piling up. [Obs.] "Exaggeration of sand." Sir M. Hale. 2. The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement. No need of an exaggeration of what they saw. I. Taylor. 3. (Paint.) A representation of things beyond natural life, in expression, beauty, power, vigor. Exaggerative Ex*ag"ger*a*tive (?), a. Tending to exaggerate; involving exaggeration. "Exaggerative language." Geddes. "Exaggerative pictures." W. J. Linton. -- Ex*ag"ger*a*tive*ly, adv. Carlyle. Exaggerator Ex*ag"ger*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who exaggerates; one addicted to exaggeration. L. Horner. Exaggeratory Ex*ag"ger*a*to*ry (?), a. Containing, or tending to, exaggeration; exaggerative. Johnson. Exagitate Ex*ag"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. exagitatus, p. p. of exagitare. See Ex-, and Agitate.] 1. To stir up; to agitate. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. 2. To satirize; to censure severely. [Obs.] Hooker. Exagitation Ex*ag`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exagitatio : cf. OF. exagitation.] Agitation. [Obs.] Bailey. Exalbuminous Ex`al*bu"mi*nous (?), a. [Pref. ex- + albumen.] (Bot.) Having no albumen about the embryo; -- said of certain seeds. Exalt Ex*alt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exalted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exalting.] [L. exaltare; ex out (intens.) + altare to make high, altus high: cf.F. exalter. See Altitude.] 1. To raise high; to elevate; to lift up. I will exalt my throne above the stars of God. Is. xiv. 13. Exalt thy towery head, and lift thine eyes Pope. 2. To elevate in rank, dignity, power, wealth, character, or the like; to dignify; to promote; as, to exalt a prince to the throne, a citizen to the presidency. Righteousness exalteth a nation. Prov. xiv. 34. He that humbleth himself shall be exalted. Luke xiv. 11. 3. To elevate by prise or estimation; to magnify; to extol; to glorify. "Exalt ye the Lord." Ps. xcix. 5. In his own grace he doth exalt himself. Shak. 4. To lift up with joy, pride, or success; to inspire with delight or satisfaction; to elate. They who thought they got whatsoever he lost were mightily exalted. Dryden. 5. To elevate the tone of, as of the voice or a musical instrument. Is. xxxvii. 23. Now Mars, she said, let Fame exalt her voice. Prior. 6. (Alchem.) To render pure or refined; to intensify or concentrate; as, to exalt the juices of bodies. With chemic art exalts the mineral powers. Pope. Exaltate Ex"al*tate (?), a. [L. exaltatus, p. p. of exaltare to exalt.] (Astrol.) Exercising its highest influence; -- said of a planet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Exaltation Ex`al*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exaltatio: cf. F.exaltation.] 1. The act of exalting or raising high; also, the state of being exalted; elevation. Wondering at my flight, and change To this high exaltation. Milton. 2. (Alchem.) The refinement or subtilization of a body, or the increasing of its virtue or principal property. 3. (Astrol.) That place of a planet in the zodiac in which it was supposed to exert its strongest influence. Exalted Ex*alt"ed (?), a. Raised to lofty height; elevated; extolled; refined; dignified; sublime. Wiser far than Solomon, Of more exalted mind. Milton. Time never fails to bring every exalted reputation to a strict scrutiny. Ames. -- Ex*alt"ed*ly, adv. -- Ex*alt"ed*ness, n. "The exaltedness of some minds." T. Gray. Exalter Ex*alt"er (?), n. One who exalts or raises to dignity. Exaltment Ex*alt"ment (?), n. Exaltation. [Obs.] Barrow. Examen Ex*a"men (?), n. [L., the tongue of a balance, examination; for exagmen, fr. exigere to weigh accurately, to treat: cf. F. examen. See Exact, a.] Examination; inquiry. [R.] "A critical examen of the two pieces." Cowper. Exametron Ex*am"e*tron (?), n. [NL. See Hexameter.] An hexameter. [Obs.] Chaucer. Examinable Ex*am"i*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being examined or inquired into. Bacon. Examinant Ex*am"i*nant (?), n. [L. examinans, -antis, examining.] 1. One who examines; an examiner. Sir W. Scott. 2. One who is to be examined. [Obs.] H. Prideaux. Examinate Ex*am"i*nate (?), n. [L. examinatus, p. p. of examinare. See Examine. ] A person subjected to examination. [Obs.] Bacon. Examination Ex*am`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. examinatio: cf. F. examination.] 1. The act of examining, or state of being examined; a careful search, investigation, or inquiry; scrutiny by study or experiment. 2. A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; as, the examination of a student, or of a candidate for admission to the bar or the ministry. He neglected the studies, . . . stood low at the examinations. Macaulay. Examination in chief, OR Direct examination (Law), that examination which is made of a witness by a party calling him. -- Cross-examination, that made by the opposite party. -- Re\'89xamination, OR Re-direct examination, that made by a party calling a witness, after, and upon matters arising out of, the cross-examination. Syn. -- Search; inquiry; investigation; research; scrutiny; inquisition; inspection; exploration. Examinator Ex*am"i*na`tor (#), n. [L.: cf. F. examinateur.] An examiner. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Examine Ex*am"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Examined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Examining.] [L. examinare, examinatum, fr. examen, examinis: cf. F. examiner. See Examen.] 1. To test by any appropriate method; to inspect carefully with a view to discover the real character or state of; to subject to inquiry or inspection of particulars for the purpose of obtaining a fuller insight into the subject of examination, as a material substance, a fact, a reason, a cause, the truth of a statement; to inquire or search into; to explore; as, to examine a mineral; to examine a ship to know whether she is seaworthy; to examine a proposition, theory, or question. Examine well your own thoughts. Chaucer. Examine their counsels and their cares. Shak. 2. To interrogate as in a judicial proceeding; to try or test by question; as, to examine a witness in order to elicit testimony, a student to test his qualifications, a bankrupt touching the state of his property, etc. The offenders that are to be examined. Shak. Syn. -- To discuss; debate; scrutinize; search into; investigate; explore. See Discuss. Examinee Ex*am`i*nee" (?), n. A person examined. Examiner Ex*am"in*er (?), n. One who examines, tries, or inspects; one who interrogates; an officer or person charged with the duty of making an examination; as, an examiner of students for a degree; an examiner in chancery, in the patent office, etc. Examinership Ex*am"in*er*ship, n. The office or rank of an examiner. Examining Ex*am"in*ing, a. Having power to examine; appointed to examine; as, an examining committee. Examplary Ex"am*pla*ry (?), a. [From Example, cf. Exemplary.] Serving for example or pattern; exemplary. [Obs.] Hooker. Example Ex*am"ple (?), n. [A later form for ensample, fr. L. exemplum, orig., what is taken out of a larger quantity, as a sample, from eximere to take out. See Exempt, and cf. Ensample, Sample.] 1. One or a portion taken to show the character or quality of the whole; a sample; a specimen. 2. That which is to be followed or imitated as a model; a pattern or copy. For I have given you an example, that ye should do as John xiii. 15. I gave, thou sayest, the example; I led the way. Milton. 3. That which resembles or corresponds with something else; a precedent; a model. Such temperate order in so fierce a cause Doth want example. Shak. 4. That which is to be avoided; one selected for punishment and to serve as a warning; a warning. Hang him; he'll be made an example. Shak. Now these things were our examples, to the intent that we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted. 1 Cor. x. 6. 5. An instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept, especially a problem to be solved, or a case to be determined, as an exercise in the application of the rules of any study or branch of science; as, in trigonometry and grammar, the principles and rules are illustrated by examples. Syn. -- Precedent; case; instance. -- Example, Instance. The discrimination to be made between these two words relates to cases in which we give "instances" or "examples" of things done. An instance denotes the single case then "standing" before us; if there be others like it, the word does not express this fact. On the contrary, an example is one of an entire class of like things, and should be a true representative or sample of that class. Hence, an example proves a rule or regular course of things; an instance simply points out what may be true only in the case presented. A man's life may be filled up with examples of the self-command and kindness which marked his character, and may present only a solitary instance of haste or severity. Hence, the word "example" should never be used to describe what stands singly and alone. We do, however, sometimes apply the word instance to what is really an example, because we are not thinking of the latter under this aspect, but solely as a case which "stands before us." See Precedent. Example Ex*am"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exampled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exampling (?).] To set an example for; to give a precedent for; to exemplify; to give an instance of; to instance. [Obs.] "I may example my digression by some mighty precedent." Shak. Burke devoted himself to this duty with a fervid assiduity that has not often been exampled, and has never been surpassed. J. Morley. Exampleless Ex*am"ple*less (?), a. Without or above example. [R.] Exampler Ex*am"pler (?), n. [See Exemplar, Example, and cf. Sampler.] A pattern; an exemplar. [Obs.] Exampless Ex*am"pless (?), a. Exampleless. [Wrongly formed.] B. Jonson. Exanguious Ex*an"gui*ous (?), a. Bloodless. [Obs.] See Exsanguious. Sir T. Browne. Exangulous Ex*an"gu*lous (?), a. [Pref ex- + angulous.] Having no corners; without angles. [R.] Exanimate Ex*an"i*mate (?), a. [L. exanimatus, p. p. of exanimare to deprive of life or spirit; ex out + anima air, breath, life, spirit.] 1. Lifeless; dead. [R.] "Carcasses exanimate." Spenser. 2. Destitute of animation; spiritless; disheartened. [R.] "Pale . . . wretch, exanimate by love." Thomson. Exanimate Ex*an"i*mate (?), v. t. To deprive of animation or of life. [Obs.] Exanimation Ex*an`i*ma"tion (?), n.[L. exanimatio.] Deprivation of life or of spirits. [R.] Bailey. Exanimous Ex*an"i*mous (?), a. [L. exanimus, exanimis; ex out, without + anima life.] Lifeless; dead. [Obs.] Johnson. Exannulate Ex*an"nu*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + annulate.] (Bot.) Having the sporangium destitute of a ring; -- said of certain genera of ferns. Exanthem Ex*an"them (?), n. Same as Exanthema. Exanthema Ex`an*the"ma (?), n.; pl. Exanthemata (#). [L., fr. Gr.exanth\'8ame.] (Med.) An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever. Dunglison. Exanthematic, Exanthematous Ex*an`the*mat"ic (?), Ex`an*them"a*tous (?), a. Of, relating to, or characterized by, exanthema; efflorescent; as, an exanthematous eruption. Exanthesis Ex`an*the"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Exanthema. ] (Med.) An eruption of the skin; cutaneous efflorescence. Exantlate Ex*ant"late (?), v. t. [L. exantlatus, p. p. of exantlare, exanclare, to endure.] To exhaust or wear out. [Obs.] "Seeds . . . wearied or exantlated." Boyle. Exantlation Ex`ant*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. exantlation.] Act of drawing out ; exhaustion. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Exarate Ex"a*rate (?), v. t. [L. exaratus, p. p. of exarare to plow up, to write; ex out + arare to plow.] To plow up; also, to engrave; to write. [Obs.] Blount. Exaration Ex`a*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exaratio.] Act of plowing; also, act of writing. [Obs.] Bailey. Exarch Ex"arch (?), n. [L. exarchus, Gr. exarque.] A viceroy; in Ravenna, the title of the viceroys of the Byzantine emperors; in the Eastern Church, the superior over several monasteries; in the modern Greek Church, a deputy of the patriarch , who visits the clergy, investigates ecclesiastical cases, etc. Exarchate Ex*ar"chate (?), n. [LL. exarchatus, fr. L. exarchus: cf. F. exarchat.] The office or the province of an exarch. Jer. Taylor. Exarillate Ex*ar"il*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + arillate.] (Bot.) Having no aril; -- said of certain seeds, or of the plants producing them. Exarticulate Ex`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + articulate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having but one joint; -- said of certain insects. Exarticulation Ex`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [Pref. ex- + articulation.] Luxation; the dislocation of a joint. Bailey. Exasperate Ex*as"per*ate (?), a. [L. exasperatus, p. p. of exsasperare to roughen, exasperate; ex out (intens.) + asperare to make rough, asper rough. See Asperity.] Exasperated; imbittered. [Obs.] Shak. Like swallows which the exasperate dying year Sets spinning. Mrs. Browning. Exasperate Ex*as"per*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsasperated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exasperating (?).] 1. To irritate in a high degree; to provoke; to enrage; to exscite or to inflame the anger of; as, to exasperate a person or his feelings. To exsasperate them against the king of France. Addison. 2. To make grievous, or more grievous or malignant; to aggravate; to imbitter; as, to exasperate enmity. To exasperate the ways of death. Sir T. Browne. Syn. -- To irritate; provoke. See Irritate. Exasperater Ex*as"per*a`ter (?), n. One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity, or violence. Exasperation Ex*as`per*a"tion (?), n. [L. exasperatio: cf. F. exasp\'82ration.] 1. The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger. Extorted from him by the exasperation of his spirits. South. 2. Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation; exacerbation. "Exasperation of the fits." Sir H. Wotton. Exaspidean Ex`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the anterior scute Exauctorate Ex*auc"tor*ate (?), v. t. See Exauthorate. [Obs.] Exauctoration Ex*auc`tor*a"tion (?), n. See Exauthoration. Exaugurate Ex*au"gu*rate (?), v. t. [L. exauguratus, p. p. of exaugurare to profane; ex out + augurari to act as an augur, fr. augur. ] To annul the consecration of; to secularize; to unhellow. [Obs.] Holland. Exauguration Ex*au`gu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exauguratio desecration.] The act of exaugurating; desecration. [Obs.] Exauthorate Ex*au"thor*ate (?), v. t. [L. exauctoratus, p. p. of exauctorare to dismiss; ex out + auctorare to bind to something, to hire, fr. auctor. See Author.] To deprive of authority or office; to depose; to discharge. [Obs.] Exauthorated for their unworthiness. Jer. Taylor. Exauthoration Ex*au`thor*a"tion (?), n. Deprivation of authority or dignity; degration. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Exauthorize Ex*au"thor*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + authorize.] To deprive of uthority. [Obs.] Selden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 520 _________________________________________________________________ Page 520 Exauthorize Ex*au"thor*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. ex.] To deprive of authority. [Obs.] Selden. Excalceate Ex*cal"ce*ate (?), v. t. [L. excalceatus, p. p. of excalceare to unshoe. See Calceated.] To deprive of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers. Excalceation Ex*cal`ce*a"tion (?), n. The act of depriving or divesting of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers. Excalfaction Ex`cal*fac"tion (?), n. [L. excalfactio.] A heating or warming; calefaction. [Obs.] Blount. Excalfactive Ex`cal*fac"tive (?), a. [L. excalfacere to warm; ex out (intens.) + calfacere to warm.] Serving to heat; warming. [Obs.] Cotgrave. Excalfactory Ex`cal*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. excalfactorius.] Heating; warming. [Obs.] Holland. Excalibur Ex*cal"i*bur (?), n. The name of King Arthur's mythical sword. [Written also Excalibar, Excalibor, Escalibar, and Caliburn.] Tennyson. Excamb, Excambie Ex*camb" (?), Ex*cam"bie (?), v. t. [LL. excambiare, excambire; L. ex out + cambire. See Change, and cf. Exchange.] (Scots Law) To exchange; -- used with reference to transfers of land. Excambion, Excambium Ex*cam"bi*on (?), Ex*cam"bi*um (?), n. [LL. excambium. See Excamb.] (Scots Law) Exchange; barter; -- used commonly of lands. Excandescence Ex`can*des"cence (?), n. [L. excandescentia.] 1. A growing hot; a white or glowing heat; incandescence. [R.] 2. Violent anger; a growing angry. [Obs.] Blount. Excandescent Ex`can*des"cent (?), a. [L. excandescens, p. pr. of excandescere to take fire, glow; ex out (intens.) + candescere to begin to glisten or glow, fr. candere. See Candid.] White or glowing with heat. [R.] Ure. Excantation Ex`can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. excantare to charm out. See Ex, and Chant.] Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Obs.] Gayton. Excarnate Ex*car"nate (?), v. t. [LL. excarnatus, p. p. of excarnare; L. ex out + caro, carnis, flesh.] To deprive or clear of flesh. Grew. Excarnation Ex`car*na"tion (?), n. The act of depriving or divesting of flesh; excarnification; -- opposed to incarnation. Excarnificate Ex*car"ni*fi*cate (?), v. t. [L. ex out + LL. carnificatus, p. p. carnificare to carnify; cf. L. excarnificare to tear to pieces, torment. See Carnify.] To clear of flesh; to excarnate. Dr. H. More. Excarnification Ex*car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of excarnificating or of depriving of flesh; excarnation. Johnson. Excavate Ex"ca*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excavated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excavating(?).] [L. excavatus, p. p. of excavare to excavate; ex out + cavare to make hollow, cavus hollow. See Cave.] 1. To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow by cutting, scooping, or digging; as, to excavate a ball; to excavate the earth. 2. To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything that is hollow; as, to excavate a canoe, a cellar, a channel. 3. (Engin.) To dig out and remove, as earth. The material excavated was usually sand. E. L. Corthell. Excavating pump, a kind of dredging apparatus for excavating under water, in which silt and loose material mixed with water are drawn up by a pump. Knight. Excavation Ex`ca*va"tion (?), n. [L. excavatio: cf. F. excavation.] 1. The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass. 2. A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping. "A winding excavation." Glover. 3. (Engin.) (a) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel. (b) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity. The delivery of the excavations at a distance of 250 feet. E. L. Corthell. Excavator Ex"ca*va`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine, as a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating. Excave Ex*cave" (?), v. t. [L. excavare.] To excavate. [Obs.] Cockeram. Excecate Ex*ce"cate (?), v. t. [L. excaecatus, p. p. of excaecare to blind; ex (intens.) + caecare to blind, caecus blind.] To blind. [Obs.] Cockeram. Excecation Ex`ce*ca"tion (?), n. The act of making blind. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson. Excedent Ex*ced"ent (?), n. [L. excedens, -entis, p. pr. of excedere. See Exceed, v. t.] Excess. [R.] Exceed Ex*ceed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exceeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exceeding.] [L. excedere, excessum, to go away or beyond; ex out + cedere to go, to pass: cf. F. exc\'82der. See Cede.] To go beyond; to proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or measure of; to outgo; to surpass; -- used both in a good and a bad sense; as, one man exceeds another in bulk, stature, weight, power, skill, etc. ; one offender exceeds another in villainy; his rank exceeds yours. Name the time, but let it not Exceed three days. Shak. Observes how much a chintz exceeds mohair. Pope. Syn. -- To outdo; surpass; excel; transcend; outstrip; outvie; overtop. Exceed Ex*ceed", v. i. 1. To go too far; to pass the proper bounds or measure. "In our reverence to whom, we can not possibly exceed." Jer. Taylor. Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed. Deut. xxv. 3. 2. To be more or greater; to be paramount. Shak. Exceedable Ex*ceed"a*ble (?), a. Capable of exceeding or surpassing. [Obs.] Sherwood. Exceeder Ex*ceed"er (?), n. One who exceeds. Bp. Montagu. Exceeding Ex*ceed"ing, a. More than usual; extraordinary; more than sufficient; measureless. "The exceeding riches of his grace." Eph. ii. 7. -- Ex*ceed"ing*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Exceeding Ex*ceed"ing, adv. In a very great degree; extremely; exceedingly. [Archaic. It is not joined to verbs.] "The voice exceeding loud." Keble. His raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow. Mark ix. 3. The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea. Sir W. Raleigh. Exceedingly Ex*ceed"ing*ly (?), adv. To a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly. It signifies more than very. Excel Ex*cel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excelled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excelling.] [L. excellere, excelsum; ex out + a root found in culmen height, top; cf. F. exceller. See Culminate, Column.] 1. To go beyond or surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo or outgo, in a good sense. Excelling others, these were great; Thou, greater still, must these excel. Prior. I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness. Eccl. ii. 13. 2. To exceed or go beyond; to surpass. She opened; but to shut Excelled her power; the gates wide open stood. Milton. Excel Ex*cel", v. i. To surpass others in good qualities, laudable actions, or acquirements; to be distinguished by superiority; as, to excel in mathematics, or classics. Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel. Gen. xlix. 4. Then peers grew proud in horsemanship t' excel. Pope. Excellence Ex"cel*lence (?), n. [F. excellence, L. excellentia.] 1. The quality of being excellent; state of possessing good qualities in an eminent degree; exalted merit; superiority in virtue. Consider first that great Or bright infers not excellence. Milton. 2. An excellent or valuable quality; that by which any one excels or is eminent; a virtue. With every excellence refined. Beattie. 3. A title of honor or respect; -- more common in the form excellency. I do greet your excellence With letters of commission from the king. Shak. Syn. -- Superiority; pre\'89minence; perfection; worth; goodness; purity; greatness. Excellency Ex"cel*len*cy (?), n.; pl. Excellencies (. 1. Excellence; virtue; dignity; worth; superiority. His excellency is over Israel. Ps. lxviii. 34. Extinguish in men the sense of their own excellency. Hooker. 2. A title of honor given to certain high dignitaries, esp. to viceroys, ministers, and ambassadors, to English colonial governors, etc. It was formerly sometimes given to kings and princes. Excellent Ex"cel*lent (?), a. [F. excellent, L. excellens, -entis, p. pr. of excellere. See Excel.] 1. Excelling; surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in a good sense; superior; as, an excellent man, artist, citizen, husband, discourse, book, song, etc.; excellent breeding, principles, aims, action. To love . . . What I see excellent in good or fair. Milton. 2. Superior in kind or degree, irrespective of moral quality; -- used with words of a bad significance. [Obs. or Ironical] "An excellent hypocrite." Hume. Their sorrows are most excellent. Beau. & Fl. Syn. -- Worthy; choice; prime; valuable; select; exquisite; transcendent; admirable; worthy. Excellent Ex"cel*lent, adv. Excellently; eminently; exceedingly. [Obs.] "This comes off well and excellent." Shak. Excellently Ex"cel*lent*ly, adv. 1. In an excellent manner; well in a high degree. 2. In a high or superior degree; -- in this literal use, not implying worthiness. [Obs.] When the whole heart is excellently sorry. J. Fletcher. Excelsior Ex*cel"si*or, a. [L., compar. of excelsus elevated, lofty, p. p. of excellere. See Excel, v. t.] More lofty; still higher; ever upward. Excelsior Ex*cel"si*or, n. A kind of stuffing for upholstered furniture, mattresses, etc., in which curled shreds of wood are substituted for curled hair. Excentral Ex*cen"tral (?), a. [Pref. ex.] (Bot.) Out of the center. Excentric, Excentrical Ex*cen"tric (?), Ex*cen"tric*al (?), a. 1. Same as Eccentric, Eccentrical. 2. (Bot.) One-sided; having the normally central portion not in the true center. Gray. Excentricity Ex`cen*tric"i*ty (?). (Math.) Same as Eccentricity. Except Ex*cept" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excepting.] [L. exceptus, p. p. of excipere to take or draw out, to except; ex out + capere to take: cf. F. excepter. See Capable.] 1. To take or leave out (anything) from a number or a whole as not belonging to it; to exclude; to omit. Who never touched The excepted tree. Milton. Wherein (if we only except the unfitness of the judge) all other things concurred. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. To object to; to protest against. [Obs.] Shak. Except Ex*cept", v. i. To take exception; to object; -- usually followed by to, sometimes by against; as, to except to a witness or his testimony. Except thou wilt except against my love. Shak. Except Ex*cept", prep. [Originally past participle, or verb in the imperative mode.] With exclusion of; leaving or left out; excepting. God and his Son except, Created thing naught valued he nor . . . shunned. Milton. Syn. -- Except, Excepting, But, Save, Besides. Excepting, except, but, and save are exclusive. Except marks exclusion more pointedly. "I have finished all the letters except one," is more marked than "I have finished all the letters but one." Excepting is the same as except, but less used. Save is chiefly found in poetry. Besides (lit., by the side of) is in the nature of addition. "There is no one here except or but him," means, take him away and there is nobody present. "There is nobody here besides him," means, hi is present and by the side of, or in addition to, him is nobody. "Few ladies, except her Majesty, could have made themselves heard." In this example, besides should be used, not except. Except Ex*cept" (?), conj. Unless; if it be not so that. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me. Gen. xxxii. 26. But yesterday you never opened lip, Except, indeed, to drink. Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; As a conjunction unless has mostly taken the place of except. Exceptant Ex*cept"ant (?), a. Making exception. Excepting Ex*cept"ing, prep. & conj., but properly a participle. With rejection or exception of; excluding; except. "Excepting your worship's presence." Shak. No one was ever yet made utterly miserable, excepting by himself. Lubbock. Exception Ex*cep"tion (?), n. [L. exceptio: cf. F. exception.] 1. The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a class, statement, rule. 2. That which is excepted or taken out from others; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included; as, almost every general rule has its exceptions. Such rare exceptions, shining in the dark, Prove, rather than impeach, the just remark. Cowper. NOTE: Often with to. That proud exception to all nature's laws. Pope. 3. (Law) An objection, oral or written, taken, in the course of an action, as to bail or security; or as to the decision of a judge, in the course of a trail, or in his charge to a jury; or as to lapse of time, or scandal, impertinence, or insufficiency in a pleading; also, as in conveyancing, a clause by which the grantor excepts something before granted. Burrill. 4. An objection; cavil; dissent; disapprobation; offense; cause of offense; -- usually followed by to or against. I will never answer what exceptions they can have against our account [relation]. Bentley. He . . . took exception to the place of their burial. Bacon. She takes exceptions at your person. Shak. Bill of exceptions (Law), a statement of exceptions to the decision, or instructions of a judge in the trial of a cause, made for the purpose of putting the points decided on record so as to bring them before a superior court or the full bench for review. Exceptionable Ex*cep"tion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to exception or objection; objectionable. -- Ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness, n. This passage I look upon to be the most exceptionable in the whole poem. Addison. Exceptional Ex*cep"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. exceptionnel.] Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare; hence, better than the average; superior. Lyell. This particular spot had exceptional advantages. Jowett (Th. ) -- Ex*cep"tion*al*ly(#), adv. Exceptioner Ex*cep"tion*er (?), n. One who takes exceptions or makes objections. [Obs.] Milton. Exceptionless Ex*cep"tion*less, a. Without exception. A universal, . . . exceptionless disqualification. Bancroft. Exceptious Ex*cep"tious (?), a. Disposed or apt to take exceptions, or to object; captious. [Obs.] At least effectually silence the doubtful and exceptious. South. -- Ex*cep"tious*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow. Exceptive Ex*cept"ive (?), a. That excepts; including an exception; as, an exceptive proposition. I. Watts. A particular and exceptive law. Milton. Exceptless Ex*cept"less, a. Not exceptional; usual. [Obs.] My general and exceptless rashness. Shak. Exceptor Ex*cept"or (?), n. [L., a scribe.] One who takes exceptions. T. Burnet. Excerebration Ex*cer`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. excerebratus deprived of brains; ex out + cerebrum brain.] The act of removing or beating out the brains. Excerebrose Ex*cer"e*brose` (?), a. [See Excerebration.] Brainless. [R.] Excern Ex*cern" (?), v. t. [L. excernere. See Excrete.] To excrete; to throw off through the pores; as, fluids are excerned in perspiration. [R.] Bacon. Excernent Ex*cern"ent (?), a. [See Excern.] (Physiol.) Connected with, or pertaining to, excretion. Excerp Ex*cerp" (?), v. t. [L. excerpere, excerptum; ex out + carpere to pick, gather. See Harvest, and cf. Scarce, a.] To pick out. [Obs.] Hales. Excerpt Ex*cerpt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excerpted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excerpting.] [From L. excerptus, p. p. See Excerp.] To select; to extract; to cite; to quote. Out of which we have excerpted the following particulars. Fuller. Excerpt Ex*cerp"t (277), n. An extract; a passage selected or copied from a book or record. Excerption Ex*cerp"tion (?), n. [L. excerptio.] 1. The act of excerpting or selecting. [R.] 2. That which is selected or gleaned; an extract. [R.] His excerptions out of the Fathers. Fuller. Excerptive Ex*cerp"tive (?), a. That excerpts, selects, or chooses. D. L. Mackenzie. Excerptor Ex*cerp"tor (?), n. One who makes excerpts; a picker; a culler. Excess Ex*cess" (?), n. [OE. exces, excess, ecstasy, L. excessus a going out, loss of self-possession, fr. excedere, excessum, to go out, go beyond: cf. F. exc\'8as. See Exceed.] 1. The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being of a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that which exceeds what is usual or prover; immoderateness; superfluity; superabundance; extravagance; as, an excess of provisions or of light. To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, To throw a perfume on the violet, . . . Is wasteful and ridiculous excess. Shak. That kills me with excess of grief, this with excess of joy. Walsh. _________________________________________________________________ Page 521 2. An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of proper moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance; dissipation. Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess. Eph. v. 18. Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches blame. Milton. 3. The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder; as, the difference between two numbers is the excess of one over the other. Spherical excess (Geom.), the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle. Excessive Ex*cess"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. excessif.] Characterized by, or exhibiting, excess; overmuch. Excessive grief [is] the enemy to the living. Shak. Syn. -- Undue; exorbitant; extreme; overmuch; enormous; immoderate; monstrous; intemperate; unreasonable. See Enormous --Ex*cess*ive*ly, adv. -Ex*cess"ive*ness, n. Exchange Ex*change" (?), n. [OE. eschange, eschaunge, OF. eschange, fr. eschangier, F. \'82changer, to exchange; pref. ex- out + F. changer. See Change, and cf. Excamb.] 1. The act of giving or taking one thing in return for another which is regarded as an equivalent; as, an exchange of cattle for grain. 2. The act of substituting one thing in the place of another; as, an exchange of grief for joy, or of a scepter for a sword, and the like; also, the act of giving and receiving reciprocally; as, an exchange of civilities or views. 3. The thing given or received in return; esp., a publication exchanged for another. Shak. 4. (Com.) The process of setting accounts or debts between parties residing at a distance from each other, without the intervention of money, by exchanging orders or drafts, called bills of exchange. These may be drawn in one country and payable in another, in which case they are called foreign bills; or they may be drawn and made payable in the same country, in which case they are called inland bills. The term bill of exchange is often abbreviated into exchange; as, to buy or sell exchange. NOTE: &hand; A in Lo ndon is creditor to B in New York, and C in London owes D in New York a like sum. A in London draws a bill of exchange on B in New York; C in London purchases the bill, by which A receives his debt due from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New York, who receives the amount from B. 5. (Law) A mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple. Blackstone. 6. The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet at certain hours, to transact business. In this sense often contracted to 'Change. Arbitration of exchange. See under Arbitration. -- Bill of exchange. See under Bill. -- Exchange broker. See under Broker. -- Par of exchange, the established value of the coin or standard of value of one country when expressed in the coin or standard of another, as the value of the pound sterling in the currency of France or the United States. The par of exchange rarely varies, and serves as a measure for the rise and fall of exchange that is affected by the demand and supply. Exchange is at par when, for example, a bill in New York, for the payment of one hundred pounds sterling in London, can be purchased for the sum. Exchange is in favor of a place when it can be purchased there at or above par. -- Telephone exchange, a central office in which the wires of any two telephones or telephone stations may be connected to permit conversation. Syn. -- Barter; dealing; trade; traffic; interchange. Exchange Ex*change", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchanged (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Exchanging (?).] [Cf.OF. eschangier, F. \'82changer. See Exchange, n.] 1. To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration of something received as an equivalent; -- usually followed by for before the thing received. Exchange his sheep for shells, or wool for a sparking pebble or a diamond. Locke. 2. To part with for a substitute; to lay aside, quit, or resign (something being received in place of the thing as, to exchange a palace for cell. And death for life exchanged foolishly. Spenser. To shift his being Is to exchange one misery with another. Shak. 3. To give and receive reciprocally, as things of the same kind; to barter; to swap; as, to exchange horses with a neighbor; to exchange houses or hats. Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Shak. Syn. -- To barter; change; commute; interchange; bargain; truck; swap; traffic. Exchange Ex*change", v. i. To be changed or received in exchange for; to pass in exchange; as, dollar exchanges for ten dimes. Exchangeability Ex*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being exchangeable. The law ought not be contravened by an express article admitting the exchangeability of such persons. Washington. Exchangeable Ex*change"a*ble (?), a. [Cf.F. \'82changeable.] 1. Capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged. The officers captured with Burgoyne were exchangeable within the powers of General Howe. Marshall. 2. Available for making exchanges; ratable. "An exchangeable value." J. S. Mill. Exchangeably Ex*change"a*bly, adv. By way of exchange. Exchanger Ex*chan"ger (?), n. One who exchanges; one who practices exchange. Matt. Excheat Ex*cheat" (?), n. See Escheat. [Obs.] Spenser. Excheator Ex*cheat"or (?), n. See Escheator. [Obs.] Exchequer Ex*cheq"uer (?), n. [OE. escheker, OF. eichekier, fr. LL. scaccarium. See Checker, Chess, Check.] 1. One of the superior courts of law; -- so called from a checkered cloth, which covers, or formerly covered, the table. [Eng.] NOTE: &hand; Th e ex chequer wa s a court of law and equity. In the revenue department, it had jurisdiction over the proprietary rights of the crown against subjects; in the common law department, it administered justice in personal actions between subject and subject. A person proceeding against another in the revenue department was said to exchequer him. The judges of this court were one chief and four puisne barons, so styled. The Court of Exchequer Chamber sat as court of error in which the judgments of each of the superior courts of common law, in England, were subject to revision by the judges of the other two sitting collectively. Causes involving difficult questions of law were sometimes after argument, adjourned into this court from the other courts, for debate before judgment in the court below. Recent legislation in England (1880) has abolished the Court of Exchequer and the Court of Exchequer Chamber, as distinct tribunals, a single board of judiciary, the High Court of Justice, being established for the trial of all classes of civil cases. Wharton. 2. The department of state having charge of the collection and management of the royal revenue. [Eng.] Hence, the treasury; and, colloquially, pecuniary possessions in general; as, the company's exchequer is low. Barons of the exchequer. See under Baron. -- Chancellor of the exchequer. See under Chancellor. -- Exchequer bills OR bonds (Eng.), bills of money, or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer by authority of Parliament; a species of paper currency emitted under the authority of the government, and bearing interest. Exchequer Ex*cheq"uer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchequered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exchequering.] To institute a process against (any one) in the Court of Exchequer. Excide Ex*cide" (?), v. t. [L. excidere, excisum; ex out + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Excise to cut off.] To cut off. [R.] Excipient Ex*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. excipients, -entis, p. pr. of exipere. See Except, v. t.] Taking an exception. Excipient Ex*cip"i*ent, n. 1. An exceptor. [R.] 2. (Med.) An inert or slightly active substance used in preparing remedies as a vehicle or medium of administration for the medicinal agents. Chambers. Exciple, Excipulum Ex"ci*ple (?), Ex*cip"u*lum (?), n. [NL. excipulum, fr. L. excipere. See Except.] (Bot.) The outer part of the fructification of most lichens. Excisable Ex*cis"a*ble (?), a. Liable or subject to excise; as, tobacco in an excisable commodity. Excise Ex*cise" (?), n. [Apparently fr. L. excisum cut off, fr. excidere to cut out or off; ex out, off + caedere to cut; or, as the word was formerly written accise, fr. F. accise, LL. accisia, as if fr. L. accidere, accisum, to cut into; ad + caedere to cut; but prob. transformed fr. OF. assise, LL. assisa, assisia, assize. See Assize, Concise.] 1. In inland duty or impost operating as an indirect tax on the consumer, levied upon certain specified articles, as, tobacco, ale, spirits, etc., grown or manufactured in the country. It is also levied to pursue certain trades and deal in certain commodities. Certain direct taxes (as, in England, those on carriages, servants, plate, armorial bearings, etc.), are included in the excise. Often used adjectively; as, excise duties; excise law; excise system. The English excise system corresponds to the internal revenue system in the United States. Abbot. An excise . . . is a fixed, absolute, and direct charge laid on merchandise, products, or commodities. 11 Allen's (Mass. ) Rpts. 2. That department or bureau of the public service charged with the collection of the excise taxes. [Eng.] Excise Ex*cise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excising.] 1. To lay or impose an excise upon. 2. To impose upon; to overcharge. [Prov. Eng.] Excise Ex*cise", v. t. [See Excide.] To cut out or off; to separate and remove; as, to excise a tumor. Exciseman Ex*cise"man (?), n.; pl. Excisemen (. An officer who inspects and rates articles liable to excise duty. Macaulay. Excision Ex*ci"sion (?), n. [L. excisio: cf. F. excision. See Excide.] 1. The act of excising or cutting out or off; extirpation; destruction. Such conquerors are the instruments of vengeance on those nations that have . . . grown ripe for excision. Atterbury. 2. (Eccl.) The act of cutting off from the church; excommunication. 3. (Surg.) The removal, especially of small parts, with a cutting instrument. Dunglison. Excitability Ex*cit"a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. excitabilit\'82.] 1. The quality of being readily excited; proneness to be affected by exciting causes. 2. (Physiol.) The property manifested by living organisms, and the elements and tissues of which they are constituted, of responding to the action of stimulants; irritability; as, nervous excitability. Excitable Ex*cit"a*ble (?), a. [L. excitabilis inciting: cf. F. excitable.] Capable of being excited, or roused into action; susceptible of excitement; easily stirred up, or stimulated. Excitant Ex*cit"ant (?), a. [L. excitans, -antis, p. pr. of excitare: cf. F. excitant.] Tending to excite; exciting. Excitant Ex*cit"ant, n. (Physiol.) An agent or influence which arouses vital activity, or produces increased action, in a living organism or in any of its tissues or parts; a stimulant. Excitate Ex*cit"ate (?), v. t. [L. excitatus, p.p. of excitare. See Excite.] To excite. [Obs.] Bacon. Excitation Ex`ci*ta"tion (?) n. [L. excitatio: cf. F. excitation.] 1. The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of rousing up or awakening. Bacon. 2. (Physiol.) The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the excitement produced. Excitative Ex*cit"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. excitatif.] Having power to excite; tending or serving to excite; excitatory. Barrow. Excitator Ex"ci*ta`tor (?), n. [L., one who rouses.] (Elec.) A kind of discarder. Excitatory Ex*cit"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. excitatoire.] Tending to excite; containing excitement; excitative. Excite Ex*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excited; p. pr. & vb. n. exciting.] [L. excitare; ex out + citare to move rapidly, to rouse: cf. OF. esciter, exciter, F. exciter. See Cite.] 1. To call to activity in any way; to rouse to feeling; to kindle to passionate emotion; to stir up to combined or general activity; as, to excite a person, the spirits, the passions; to excite a mutiny or insurrection; to excite heat by friction. 2. (Physiol.) To call forth or increase the vital activity of an organism, or any of its parts. Syn. -- To incite; awaken; animate; rouse or arouse; stimulate; inflame; irritate; provoke. -- To Excite, Incite. When we excite we rouse into action feelings which were less strong; when we incite we spur on or urge forward to a specific act or end. Demosthenes excited the passions of the Athenians against Philip, and thus incited the whole nation to unite in the war against him. Antony, by his speech over the body of C\'91sar, so excited the feelings of the populace, that Brutus and his companions were compelled to flee from Rome; many however, were incited to join their standard, not only by love of liberty, but hopes of plunder. Exciteful Ex*cite"ful (?), n. Full of exciting qualities; as, an exciteful story; exciteful players. Chapman. Excitement Ex*cite"ment (?) n. [Cf. OF. excitement, escitement.] 1. The act of exciting, or the state of being roused into action, or of having increased action; impulsion; agitation; as, an excitement of the people. 2. That which excites or rouses; that which moves, stirs, or induces action; a motive. The cares and excitements of a season of transition and struggle. Talfowrd. 3. (Physiol.) A state of aroused or increased vital activity in an organism, or any of its organs or tissues. Exciter Ex*cit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, excites. Hope is the grand exciter of industry. Dr. H. More. Exciting Ex*cit"ing, a. Calling or rousing into action; producing excitement; as, exciting events; an exciting story. -- Ex*cit"ing*ly, adv. Exciting causes (Med.), those which immediately produce disease, or those which excite the action of predisposing causes. Excitive Ex*cit"ive (?), a. Serving or tending to excite; excitative. [R.] Bamfield. Excitive Ex*cit"ive, n. That which excites; an excitant. [R.] Excito-motion Ex*ci`to-mo"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) Motion excited by reflex nerves. See Excito-motory. Excito-motor Ex*ci`to-mo"tor (?), a. (Physiol.) Excitomotory; as, excito-motor power or causes. Excito-motory Ex*ci`to-mo"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Exciting motion; -- said of that portion of the nervous system concerned in reflex action, by which impressions are transmitted to a nerve center and then reflected back so as to produce muscular contraction without sensation or volition. Excito-nutrient Ex*ci`to-nu"tri*ent (?), a (Physiol.) Exciting nutrition; said of the reflex influence by which the nutritional processes are either excited or modified. Excito-secretory Ex*ci`to-se*cre"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Exciting secretion; -- said of the influence exerted by reflex action on the function of secretion, by which the various glands are excited to action. Exclaim Ex*claim" (?), v. t.& i. [imp. & p. p. Exclaimed (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Exclaiming.] [L. exclamare, exclamatum; ex + clamare to cry out; cf. OF. exclamer. See Clam.] To cry out from earnestness or passion; to utter with vehemence; to call out or declare loudly; to protest vehemently; to vociferate; to shout; as, to exclaim against oppression with wonder or astonishment; "The field is won!" he exclaimed. Exclaim Ex*claim", n. Outcry; clamor. [Archaic] Cursing cries and deep exclaims. Shak. Exclaimer Ex*claim"er, n. One who exclaims. Exclamation Ex`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. exclamatio: cf. F. exclamation.] 1. A loud calling or crying out; outcry; loud or emphatic utterance; vehement vociferation; clamor; that which is cried out, as an expression of feeling; sudden expression of sound or words indicative of emotion, as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc. Exclamations against abuses in the church. Hooker. Thus will I drown your exclamations. Shak. A festive exclamation not unsuited to the occasion. Trench. 2. (Rhet.) A word expressing outcry; an interjection; a word expressing passion, as wonder, fear, or grief. 3. (Print.) A mark or sign by which outcry or emphatic utterance is marked; thus [!]; -- called also exclamation point. Exclamative Ex*clam"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. exclamatif.] Exclamatory. Earle. -- Ex*clam"a*tive*ly, adv. Exclamatory Ex*clam"a*to*ry (?), a. Containing, expressing, or using exclamation; as, an exclamatory phrase or speaker. South. -- Ex*clam"a*to*ti*ly (#), adv. Exclave Ex*clave" (?), n. [Formed fr. enclave by substitution of ex- for en-] A portion of a country which is separated from the main part and surrounded by politically alien territory. [Recent.] NOTE: &hand; Th e sa me te rritory is an enclave in respect to the surrounding country and an exclave with respect to the country to which it is politically attached. Exclude Ex*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Excluding.] [L. excludere, exclusum; ex out + claudere to shut. See Close.] 1. To shut out; to hinder from entrance or admission; to debar from participation or enjoyment; to deprive of; to except; -- the opposite to admit; as, to exclude a crowd from a room or house; to exclude the light; to exclude one nation from the ports of another; to exclude a taxpayer from the privilege of voting. And none but such, from mercy I exclude. Milton. 2. To thrust out or eject; to expel; as, to exclude young animals from the womb or from eggs. Excluded middle. (logic) The name given to the third of the "three logical axioms," so-called, namely, to that one which is expressed by the formula: "Everything is either A or Not-A." no third state or condition being involved or allowed. See Principle of contradiction, under Contradiction. Exclusion Ex*clu"sion (?), n. [L. exclusio: cf. F. exclusion. See Exclude.] 1. The act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by thrusting out or by preventing admission; a debarring; rejection; prohibition; the state of being excluded. His sad exclusion from the doors of bliss. Milton. The exclusion of the duke from the crown of England and Ireland. Hume. 2. (Physiol.) The act of expelling or ejecting a fetus or an egg from the womb. 3. Thing emitted. Sir T. Browne. Exclusionary Ex*clu"sion*a*ry (?), a. Tending to exclude; causing exclusion; exclusive. Exclusionism Ex*clu"sion*ism (?), n. The character, manner, or principles of an exclusionist. Exclusionist Ex*clu"sion*ist, n. One who would exclude another from some right or privilege; esp., one of the anti-popish politicians of the time of Charles Exclusive Ex*clu"sive (?) a. [Cf. F. exclusif.] 1. Having the power of preventing entrance; debarring from participation or enjoyment; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of others; as, exclusive bars; exclusive privilege; exclusive circles of society. 2. Not taking into the account; excluding from consideration; -- opposed to inclusive; as, five thousand troops, exclusive of artillery. Exclusive Ex*clu"sive, n. One of a coterie who exclude others; one who from real of affected fastidiousness limits his acquaintance to a select few. Exclusiveness Ex*clu"sive*ness, n. Quality of being exclusive. Exclusivism Ex*clu"siv*ism (?), n. The act or practice of excluding being exclusive; exclusiveness. Exclusivist Ex*clu"siv*ist, n. One who favor or practices any from of exclusiveness or exclusivism. The field of Greek mythology . . . the favorite sporting ground of the exclusivists of the solar theory. Gladstone. Exclusory Ex*clu"so*ry (?), a. [L. exclusorius.] Able to exclude; excluding; serving to exclude. Excoct Ex*coct" (?) v. t. [L. excoctus, p.p. of excoquere to excoct. See 3d Cook.] To boil out; to produce by boiling. [Obs.] Bacon. Excoction Ex*coc"tion (?). [L. excoctio.] The act of excocting or boiling out. [Obs.] Bacon. Excogitate Ex*cog"i*tate (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excogitated (#); p. pr. & vb. n.. Excogitating.] [L. excogitatus, p. p. of excogitare to excogitate; ex out + cogitare to think. See Cogitate.] To think out; to find out or discover by thinking; to devise; to contrive. "Excogitate strange arts." Stirling. This evidence . . . thus excogitated out of the general theory. Whewell. Excogitate Ex*cog"i*tate, v. i. To cogitate. [R.] Bacon. Excogitation Ex*cog`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. excogitatio: cf. F. excogitation.] The act of excogitating; a devising in the thoughts; invention; contrivance. Excommune Ex`com*mune" (?) v. t. [Cf. F. excommuier. See Excommunicate.] To exclude from participation in; to excommunicate. [Obs.] Poets . . . were excommuned Plato's common wealth Gayton. Excommunicable Ex`com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [See Excommunicate.] Liable or deserving to be excommunicated; making excommunication possible or proper. "Persons excommunicable ." Bp. Hall. What offenses are excommunicable ? Kenle. Excommunicant Ex`com*mu"ni*cant (?), n. One who has been excommunicated. Excommunicate Ex"com*mu"ni*cate (?), a. [L. excommunicatus, p. p. of communicare to excommunicate; ex out + communicare. See Communicate.] Excommunicated; interdicted from the rites of the church. -- n. One excommunicated. Thou shalt stand cursed and excommunicate. Shak. Excommunicate Ex`com*mu"ni*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excommunicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excommunicating (?).] 1. To put out of communion; especially, to cut off, or shut out, from communion with the church, by an ecclesiastical sentence. 2. To lay under the ban of the church; to interdict. Martin the Fifth . . . was the first that excommunicated the reading of heretical books. Miltin. Excommunication Ex`com*mu`ni*ca"tion (?), n. [L. excommunicatio: cf. F. excommunication.] The act of communicating or ejecting; esp., an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual. NOTE: &hand; ex communication is of two kinds, the lesser and the greater; the lesser excommunication is a separation or suspension from partaking of the Eucharist; the greater is an absolute execution of the offender from the church and all its rights and advantages, even from social intercourse with the faithful. Excommunicator Ex`com*mu"ni*ca`tor (?) n. [Cf. LL. excommunicator.] One who excommunicates. Excommunion Ex`com*mun"ion (?). A shutting out from communion; excommunication. [Obs.] Excommunication is the utmost of ecclesiastical judicature. Milton. Excoriable Ex*co"ri*a*ble (?). Capable of being excoriated. The scaly covering of fishes, . . . even in such as are excoriatable,/qex>. Sir T. Browne. Eccoriate Ec*co"ri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excoriated (?);p. pr. & vb. n. excoriating (?).] [L. excoriare; ex out + corium hide. cf. Scourge; see Cuirass.] To strip or wear off the skin of; to abrade; to gall; to break and remove the cuticle of, in any manner, as by rubbing, beating, or by the action of acrid substances. Excoriation Ex*co`ri*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excoriation.] 1. The act of excoriating or flaying, or state of being excoriated, or stripped of the skin; abrasion. 2. Stripping of possession; spoliation. [Obs.] A pitiful excoriation of the poorer sort. Howell. Excorticate Ex*cor"ti*cate (?), v. t. [L. ex out, from + cortex, corticis, bark.] To strip of bark or skin; to decorticate. [Obs.] "Excorticate the tree." Evelyn. Excortication Ex*cor`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excortication.] The act of stripping off bark, or the state of being thus stripped; decortication. Excreable Ex"cre*a*ble (?), a. [L. excreabilis, exscreabilis, fr. exscreare. See Excreate.] Capable of being discharged by spitting. [Obs.] Swift. Excreate Ex"cre*ate (?), v. t. [L. excreare, exsreare; ex out + screare to hawk.] To spit out; to discharge from the throat by hawking and spitting. [Obs.] Cockeram. Excreation Ex`cre*a"tion (?), n. [L. excreatio, exscreatio.] Act of spitting out. [Obs.] Cockeram. Excrement Ex"cre*ment (?), n. [L. excrementum, fr. excernere, excretum, to skin out, discharge: cf. F. excr\'82ment. See Excrete.] Matter excreted and ejected; that which is excreted or cast out of the animal body by any of the natural emunctories; especially, alvine, discharges; dung; ordure. Excrement Ex"cre*ment, n. [L. excrementum, fr. excrescere, excretum, to grow out. See Excrescence.] An excrescence or appendage; an outgrowth. [Obs.] "Ornamental excrements." Fuller. Living creatures put forth (after their period of growth) nothing that is young but hair and nails, which are excrements and no parts. Bacon. Excremental Ex`cre*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to excrement. Excrementitial, Excrementitious Ex`cre*men*ti"tial (?), Ex`cre*men*ti"tious (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, excrement; of the nature of excrement. Excrementive Ex`cre*men"tive (?), a. Serving to excrete; connected with excretion or excrement. [R.] "The excrementive parts." Felthman. Excrementize Ex"cre*ment*ize` (?) v. i. To void excrement. [R.] Life of A. Wood Excrescence Ex*cres"cence (?) n. [F. excrescence, excroissanse, L. excrescentia excrescences, neut. pl. of p. pr. of excrescere. See Excrescent.] An excrescent appendage, as, a wart or tumor; anything growing out unnaturally from anything else; a preternatural or morbid development; hence, a troublesome superfluity; an incumbrance; as, an excrescence on the body, or on a plant. "Excrescences of joy." Jer. Taylor. The excrescences of the Spanish monarchy. Addison. Excrescency Ex*cres"cen*cy (?), n. Excrescence. [Obs.] Excrescent Ex*cres"cent (?), a. [L. excresens, -entis, p. pr. of excrescere to grow out ; ex out + crescere to grow. See Crescent.] Growing out in an abnormal or morbid manner or as a superfluity. Expunge the whole, or lip the excrescent parts. Pope. Excrescent letter (Philol.), a letter which has been added to a root; as, the d in alder (AS. alr) is an excrescent letter. Excrescential Ex`cres*cen"tial (?) a. Pertaining to, or resembling, an excrescence. [R.] Hawthorne. Excreta Ex*cre"ta (?), n. pl. [L.] Matters to be excreted. Excrete Ex*crete" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excreting.] [L. excretus, p. p. of excernere to sift out, discharge; ex out + cernere to sift, separate. See Crisis.] To separate and throw off; to excrete urine. "The mucus thus excreted." Hooper. Excretin Ex"cre*tin (?), n. [From Excrete.] (physiol. Chem.) A nonnitrogenous, crystalline body, present in small quantity in human f\'91ces. Excretion Ex*cre"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excr\'82tion.] 1. The act of excreting. To promote secretion and excretion. Pereira. 2. That which is excreted; excrement. Bacon. Excretive Ex*cre"tive (?), a. Having the power of excreting, or promoting excretion. Harvey. Excretory Ex*cre"to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. excr\'82toire.] Having the quality of excreting, or throwing off excrementitious matter. Excruciable Ex*cru"ci*a*ble (?), a. [L. excruciabilis.] Liable to torment. [R.] Bailey. Excruciate Ex*cru"ci*ate (?), a. [L. excruciatus, p. p. of excruciare to excruciate; ex out + cruciare to put to death on a cross, to torment. See Cruciate, Cross.] Excruciated; tortured. And here my heart long time excruciate. Chapman. Excruciate Ex*cru"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excruciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excruciating (?).] To inflict agonizing pain upon; to torture; to torment greatly; to rack; as, to excruciate the heart or the body. Their thoughts, like devils, them excruciate. Drayton. Excruciating Ex*cru"ci*a`ting (?). Torturing; racking. "Excruciating pain." V. Knox. "Excruciating fears." Bentley -- Ex*cru"ci*a`ting*ly, adv. Excruciation Ex*cru`ci*a"tion (?) n. [L. excruciatio.] The act of inflicting agonizing pain, or the state of being thus afflicted; that which excruciates; torture. Feltham. Excubation Ex`cu*ba"tion (?) n. [L. excubatio, fr. excubare to lie out on guard; ex out on guard; ex out + cubare to lie down.] A keeping watch. [Obs.] Bailey. Excubitorium Ex*cu`bi*to"ri*um (?), n. [LL. excubitorium; ex out + cubare, cubitum, to lie.] (Eccl. Antiq.) A gallery in a church, where persons watched all night. Exculpable Ex*cul"pa*ble (?). Capable of being exculpated; deserving exculpation. Sir G. Buck. Exculpate Ex*cul"pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exculpated (?), p. pr. & vb. n.. Exculpating ( [L. ex out + culpatus, p. p. of culpare to find fault with, to blame, culpa fault. See Culpable.] To clear from alleged fault or guilt; to prove to be guiltless; to relieve of blame; to acquit. He exculpated himself from being the author of the heroic epistle. Mason. I exculpate him further for his writing against me. Milman. Syn. -- To exonerate; absolve; clear; acquit; excuse; vindicate; justify. Exculpation Ex`cul*pa"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. exculpatio.] The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime; that which exculpates; excuse. These robbers, however, were men who might have made out a strong case in exculpation of themselves. Southey. Exculpatory Ex*cul"pa*to*ry (?). Clearing, or tending to clear, from alleged fault or guilt; excusing. "An exculpatory letter." Johnson. Excur Ex*cur" (?) i. [L. excurrere. See Excurrent.] To run out or forth; to extend. [Obs.] Harvey. Excurrent Ex*cur"rent (?), a. [L. excurrens, p. p. of excurrere, excursum, to run out; ex out + currere to run. See Current.] 1. Running or flowing out; as: (Bot.) Running or extending out; as, an excurrent midrib, one which projects beyond the apex of a leaf; an excurrent steam or trunk, one which continues to the top. 2. (Zo\'94l) Characterized by a current which flows outward; as, an excurrent orifice or tube. Excurse Ex*curse" (?), v. t. [See excurrent.] To journey or pass thought. [R.] Excursion Ex*cur"sion (?). [L. excursio: cf. F. excursion. See Excurrent.] 1. A running or going out or forth; an expedition; a sally. Far on excursion toward the gates of hell. Milton. They would make excursions and waste the country. Holland. 2. A journey chiefly for recreation; a pleasure trip; a brief tour; as, an excursion into the country. 3. A wandering from a subject; digression. I am not in a scribbling mood, and shall therefore make no excursions. Cowper. 4. (Mach.) Length of stroke, as of a piston; stroke. [An awkward use of the word.] Syn. -- Journey; tour; ramble; jaunt. See Journey. Excursionist Ex*cur"sion*ist, n. One who goes on an excursion, or pleasure trip. Excursive Ex*cur"sive (?), a. Prone to make excursions; wandering; roving; exploring; as, an excursive fancy. The course of excursive . . . understandings. I. Taylor. -- Ex*cur"sive*ly, adv. -- Ex*cur"sive*ness, , n. Excursus Ex*cur"sus (?), n. [L., fr. excurrere, excursum. See Excurrent.] A dissertation or digression appended to a work, and containing a more extended exposition of some important point or topic. Excusable Ex*cus"a*ble (?) a. [L. excusabilis: cf. F. excusable. See Excuse.] That may be excused, forgiven, justified, or acquitted of blame; pardonable; as, the man is excusable; an excusable action. -- Ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ex*cus"a*bly, adv. The excusableness of my dissatisfaction. Boyle. Excusation Ex`cu*sa"tion (?), n. [L. excusatio: cf. F. excusation.] Excuse; apology. [Obs.] Bacon. Excusator Ex`cu*sa"tor (?), n. [L.] One who makes, or is authorized to make, an excuse; an apologist. [Obs.] Hume. Excusatory Ex*cus"a*to*ry (?), a. Making or containing excuse or apology; apologetical; as, an excusatory plea. Excuse Ex*cuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excusing.] [OE. escusen, cusen, OF. escuser, excuser, F. excuser, fr. L. excusare; ex out + causa cause, causari to plead. See Cause.] 1. To free from accusation, or the imputation of fault or blame; to clear from guilt; to release from a charge; to justify by extenuating a fault; to exculpate; to absolve; to acquit. A man's persuasion that a thing is duty, will not excuse him from guilt in practicing it, if really and indeed it be against Gog's law. Abp. Sharp. 2. To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook; as, we excuse irregular conduct, when extraordinary circumstances appear to justify it. I must excuse what can not be amended. Shak. 3. To regard with indulgence; to view leniently or to overlook; to pardon. And in our own (excuse some courtly stains.) No whiter page than Addison remains. Pope. 4. To free from an impending obligation or duty; hence, to disengage; to dispense with; to release by favor; also, to remit by favor; not to exact; as, to excuse a forfeiture. I pray thee have me excused. xiv. 19. 5. To relieve of an imputation by apology or defense; to make apology for as not seriously evil; to ask pardon or indulgence for. Think ye that we excuse ourselves to you? 2 Cor. xii. 19. Syn. -- To vindicate; exculpate; absolve; acquit. - To Pardon, Excuse, Forgive. A superior pardons as an act of mercy or generosity; either a superior or an equal excuses. A crime, great fault, or a grave offence, as one against law or morals, may be pardoned; a small fault, such as a failure in social or conventional obligations, slight omissions or neglects may be excused. Forgive relates to offenses against one's self, and punishment foregone; as, to forgive injuries or one who has injured us; to pardon grave offenses, crimes, and criminals; to excuse an act of forgetfulness, an unintentional offense. Pardon is also a word of courtesy employed in the sense of excuse. _________________________________________________________________ Page 523 Excuse Ex*cuse" (?), n. [Cf. F. excuse. See Excuse, v. t.] 1. The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution; justification; extenuation. Pleading so wisely in excuse of it. Shak. 2. That which is offered as a reason for being excused; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment; apology; as, an excuse for neglect of duty; excuses for delay of payment. Hence with denial vain and coy excuse. Milton. 3. That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault. "It hath the excuse of youth." Shak. If eyes were made for seeing. Then beauty is its own excuse for being. Emerson. Syn. -- See Apology. Excuseless Ex*cuse"less, a. Having no excuse; not admitting of excuse or apology. Whillock. Excusement Ex*cuse"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. excusement.] Excuse. [Obs.] Gower. Excuser Ex*cus"er (?), n. 1. One who offers excuses or pleads in extenuation of the fault of another. Swift. 2. One who excuses or forgives another. Shelton. Excuss Ex*cuss" (?), v. t. [L. excussus. p. p. of excutere to shake off; ex out, from + quatere to shake. Cf. Quash.] 1. To shake off; to discard. [R.] To excuss the notation of a Geity out of their minds. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. To inspect; to investigate; to decipher. [R.] To take some pains in excusing some old monuments. F. Junius (1654). 3. To seize and detain by law, as goods. [Obs.] Ayliffe. Excussion Ex*cus"sion (?), n. [L. excussio a shaking down; LL., a threshing of corn: cf. F. excussion.] The act of excusing; seizure by law. [Obs.] Ayliffe. Exeat Ex"e*at (?), n. [L., let him go forth.] 1. A license for absence from a college or a religious house. [Eng.] Shipley. 2. A permission which a bishop grants to a priest to go out of his diocese. Wharton. Execrable Ex"e*cra*ble (?), a. [L. execrabilis, exsecrabilis: cf. F. ex\'82crable. See Execrate.] Deserving to be execrated; accursed; damnable; detestable; abominable; as, an execrable wretch. "Execrable pride." Hooker. -- Ex"e*cra*ble*ness, n. -- Ex"e*cra*bly, adv. Execrate Ex"e*crate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Execrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Execrating (?).] [L. execratus, exsecratus, p. p. of execrare, exsecrare, to execrate; ex out + sacer holy, sacred. See Sacred.] To denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil upon; to curse; to protest against as unholy or detestable; hence, to detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate. "They . . . execrate their lct." Cowper. Execration Ex`e*cra"tion (?), n. [L. execratio, exsecratio: cf. F. ex\'82cration.] 1. The act of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred; imprecation; utter detestation expressed. Cease, gentle, queen, these execrations. Shak. 2. That which is execrated; a detested thing. Ye shall be an execration and . . . a curse. Jer. xlii. 18. Syn. -- See Malediction. Execrative Ex"e*cra*tive (?), a. Cursing; imprecatory; vilifying. Carlyle. -- Ex"e*cra*tive*ly, adv. Execrative Ex"e*cra*tive, n. A word used for cursing; an imprecatory word or expression. Earle. Execratory Ex"e*cra*to*ry (?), a. Of the nature of execration; imprecatory; denunciatory. C. Kingsley. -- n. A formulary of execrations. L. Addison. Exect Ex*ect" (?), v. t. [See Exsect.] To cut off or out. [Obs.] See Exsect. Harvey. Exection Ex*ec"tion (?), n. [Obs.] See Exsection. Executable Ex"e*cu`ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being executed; feasible; as, an executable project. [R.] Executant Ex*ec"u*tant (?), n. One who executes or performs; esp., a performer on a musical instrument. Great executants on the organ. De Quincey. Execute Ex"e*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Executed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Executing (?).] [F. ex\'82cuter, L. executus, exsecutus, p. p. of exequi to follow to the end, pursue; ex out + sequi to follow. See Second, Sue to follow up, and cf. Exequy.] 1. To follow out or through to the end; to carry out into complete effect; to complete; to finish; to effect; to perform; Why delays His hand to execute what his decree Fixed on this day? Milton. 2. To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to give validity to, as by signing and perhaps sealing and delivering; as, to execute a deed, lease, mortgage, will, etc. 3. To give effect to; to do what is provided or required by; to perform the requirements or stimulations of; as, to execute a decree, judgment, writ, or process. 4. To infect capital punishment on; to put to death in conformity to a legal sentence; as, to execute a traitor. 5. Too put to death illegally; to kill. [Obs.] Shak. 6. (Mus.) To perform, as a piece of music, either on an instrument or with the voice; as, to execute a difficult part brilliantly. Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; achieve; consummate; finish; complete. See Accomplish. Execute Ex"e*cute, v. i. 1. To do one's work; to act one's part of purpose. [R.] Hayward. 2. To perform musically. Executer Ex"e*cu`ter (?), n. One who performs or carries into effect. See Executor. Execution Ex`e*cu"tion (?), n. [F. ex\'82cution, L. executio, exsecutio.] 1. The act of executing; a carrying into effect or to completion; performance; achievement; consummation; as, the execution of a plan, a work, etc. The excellence of the subject contributed much to the happiness of the execution. Dryden. 2. A putting to death as a legal penalty; death lawfully inflicted; as, the execution of a murderer. A warrant for his execution. Shak. 3. The act of the mode of performing a work of art, of performing on an instrument, of engraving, etc.; as, the execution of a statue, painting, or piece of music. The first quality of execution is truth. Ruskin. 4. (Law) (a) The carrying into effect the judgment given in a court of law. (b) A judicial writ by which an officer is empowered to carry a judgment into effect; final process. (c) The act of signing, and delivering a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it valid; as, the execution of a deed, or a will. 5. That which is executed or accomplished; effect; effective work; -- usually with do. To do some fatal execution. Shak. 6. The act of sacking a town. [Obs.] Beau. & FL. Executioner Ex`e*cu"tion*er (?), n. 1. One who executes; an executer. Bacon. 2. One who puts to death in conformity to legal warrant, as a hangman. Executive Ex*ec"u*tive (?), a. [Cf.F. ex\'82cutif.] Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect; as, executive talent; qualifying for, concerned with, or pertaining to, the execution of the laws or the conduct of affairs; as, executive power or authority; executive duties, officer, department, etc. NOTE: &hand; In go vernment, ex ecutive is di stinguished fr om legislative and judicial; legislative being applied to the organ or organs of government which make the laws; judicial, to that which interprets and applies the laws; executive, to that which carries them into effect or secures their due performance. Executive Ex*ec"u*tive, n. An impersonal title of the chief magistrate or officer who administers the government, whether king, president, or governor; the governing person or body. Executively Ex*ec"u*tive*ly, adv. In the way of executing or performing. Executor Ex*ec"u*tor (?), n. [L. executor, exsecutor: cf. F. ex\'82cuteur. Cf. Executer.] 1. One who executes or performs; a doer; as, an executor of baseness. Shak. 2. An executioner. [Obs.] Delivering o'er to executors pa . . . The lazy, yawning drone. Shak. 3. (Law) The person appointed by a Executor de son tort [Of., executor of his own wrong] (Law), a stranger who intermeddles without authority in the distribution of the estate of a deceased person. Executorial Ex*ec`u*to"ri*al (?), a. [LL. executorialis.] Of or pertaining to an executive. Executorship Ex*ec"u*tor*ship (?), n. The office of an executor. Executory Ex*ec"u*to*ry (?), a. [LL. executorius, L. exsecutorius: cf.F. ex\'82cutoire.] 1. Pertaining to administration, or putting the laws in force; executive. The official and executory duties of government. Burke. 2. (Law) Designed to be executed or carried into effect in time to come, or to take effect on a future contingency; as, an executory devise, reminder, or estate; an executory contract. Blackstone. Executress Ex*ec"u*tress (?), n. [Cf.F. ex\'82cutrice.] An executrix. Executrix Ex*ec"u*trix (?), n. [LL.] (Law) A woman exercising the functions of an executor. Exedent Ex"e*dent (?), a. [L. exedent, -entis, p.pr. of exedere. See Exesion.] Eating out; consuming. [R.] Exedra Ex"e*dra (?), n.; pl. Exedr\'91 (#). [L., fr.Gr 1. (Class. Antiq.) A room in a public building, furnished with seats. 2. (Arch.) (a) The projection of any part of a building in a rounded form. (b) Any out-of-door seat in stone, large enough for several persons; esp., one of curved form. Exegesis Ex`e*ge"sis (?), n.;pl. Exegeses (#). [NL., fr.Gr. Agent.] 1. Exposition; explanation; especially, a critical explanation of a text or portion of Scripture. 2. (Math.) The process of finding the roots of an equation. [Obs.] Exegete Ex"e*gete (?), n. [Gr. ex\'82g\'8ate. See Exegesis.] An exegetist. Exegetic, Exegetical Ex`e*get"ic (?), Ex`e*get"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. ex\'82g\'82tique.] Pertaining to exegesis; tending to unfold or illustrate; explanatory; expository. Walker. Ex`e*get"ic*al*ly, adv. Exegetics Ex`e*get"ics (?), n. The science of interpretation or exegesis. Exegetist Ex`e*ge"tist (?), n. One versed in the science of exegesis or interpretation; -- also called exegete. Exemplar Ex*em"plar (?), n. [L. exemplar, exemplum: cf. F. exemplaire. See Example, and cf. Examper, Sampler.] 1. A model, original, or pattern, to be copied or imitated; a specimen; sometimes; an ideal model or type, as that which an artist conceives. Such grand exemplar as make their own abilities the sole measure of what is fit or unfit. South. 2. A copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] Udall. Exemplar Ex*em"plar, a. Exemplary. [Obs.] The exemplar piety of the father of a family. Jer. Taylor. Exemplarily Ex"em*pla*ri*ly (?), adv. In a manner fitted or designed to be an example for imitation or for warning; by way of example. She is exemplarily loyal. Howell. Some he punisheth exemplarily. Hakewill. Exemplariness Ex"em*pla*ri*ness, n. The state or quality of being exemplary; fitness to be an example. Exemplarity Ex`em*plar"i*ty (, n. [Cf. LL. exemplaritas.] Exemplariness. [R.] The exemplarity of Christ's life. Abp. Sharp. Exemplary Ex"em*pla*ry (?), a. [L. exemplaris, fr. exemplar: cf. F. exemplaire. See Exemplar.] 1. Serving as a pattern; deserving to be proposed for imitation; commendable; as, an exemplary person; exemplary conduct. [Bishops'] lives and doctrines ought to be exemplary. Bacon. 2. Serving as a warning; monitory; as, exemplary justice, punishment, or damages. 3. Illustrating as the proof of a thing. Fuller. Exemplary damages. (Law) See under Damage. Exemplary Ex"em*pla*ry, n. An exemplar; also, a copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] Donne. Exemplifiable Ex*em"pli*fi`a*ble (?), a. That can be exemplified. Exemplification Ex*em`pli*fi*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example. 2. That which exemplifies; a case in point; example. 3. (Law) A copy or transcript attested to be correct by the seal of an officer having custody of the original. Exemplifier Ex*em"pli*fi`er (?), n. One who exemplifies by following a pattern. Exemplify Ex*em"pli*fy (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exemplified (?); p. pr. &. vb. n. Exemplifying.] [L. exemplum example + -fy: cf. LL. exemplificare to copy, serve as an example.] 1. To show or illustrate by example. He did but . . . exemplify the principles in which he had been brought up. Cowper. 2. To copy; to transcribe; to make an attested copy or transcript of, under seal, as of a record. Holland. 3. To prove or show by an attested copy. Exempt Ex*empt" (?), a. [F. exempt, L. exemptus, p. p. of eximere to take out, remove, free; ex out + emere to buy, take. Cf. Exon, Redeem.] 1. Cut off; set apart. [Obs.] Corrupted, and exempt from ancient gentry. Shak. 2. Extraordinary; exceptional. [Obs.] Chapman. 3. Free, or released, from some liability to which others are subject; excepted from the operation or burden of some law; released; free; clear; privileged; -- (with from): not subject to; not liable to; as, goods exempt from execution; a person exempt from jury service. True nobility is exempt from fear. Shak. T is laid on all, not any one exempt. Dryden. Exempt Ex*empt", n. 1. One exempted or freed from duty; one not subject. 2. One of four officers of the Yeomen of the Royal Guard, having the rank of corporal; an Exon. [Eng.] Exempt Ex*empt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exempting.] [F. exempter. See Exempt, a.] 1. To remove; to set apart. [Obs.] Holland. 2. To release or deliver from some liability which others are subject to; to except or excuse from he operation of a law; to grant immunity to; to free from obligation; to release; as, to exempt from military duty, or from jury service; to exempt from fear or pain. Death So snatched will not exempt us from the pain We are by doom to pay. Milton. Exemptible Ex*empt"i*ble (?), a. That may be exempted. Exemption Ex*emp"tion (?), n. [L. exenptio a removing: cf. F. exemption exemption.] The act of exempting; the state of being exempt; freedom from any charge, burden, evil, etc., to which others are subject; immunity; privilege; as, exemption of certain articles from seizure; exemption from military service; exemption from anxiety, suffering, etc. Exemptitious Ex`emp*ti"tious (?), a. Separable. [Obs.] "Exemptitious from matter." Dr. H. More. Exenterate Ex*en"ter*ate (?), v. t. [L. exenteratus, p.p. of exenterare; cf. Gr. To take out the bowels or entrails of; to disembowel; to eviscerate; as, exenterated fishes. [R.] Exenterated rule-mongers and eviscerated logicians. Hare. Exenteration Ex*en`ter*a"tion (?), n. [LL. exenteratio.] Act of exenterating. [R.] Exequatur Ex`e*qua"tur (?), n. [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of exequi, exsequi, to perform, execute.] 1. A written official recognition of a consul or commercial agent, issued by the government to which he is accredited, and authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is assigned. 2. Official recognition or permission. Prescott. Exequial Ex*e"qui*al (?), a. [L. exequialis, exsequialis, fr. exsequiae exequies.] Of or pertaining to funerals; funereal. Exequious Ex*e"qui*ous (?), a. Funereal. [Obs.] Drayton. Exequy Ex"e*quy (?), n.;pl. Exequies (#). [L. exequiae, exsequiae, a funeral procession, fr. exsequi to follow out: cf. OF. exeques. See Exequte.] A funeral rite (usually in the plural); the ceremonies of burial; obsequies; funeral procession. But see his exequies fulfilled in Rouen. Shak. Exercent Ex*er"cent (?), a. [L. exercents, -entis, p. pr. of exercere. See Exercise.] Practicing; professional. [Obs.] "Every exercent advocate." Ayliffe. Exercisable Ex"er*ci`sa*ble (?) a. That may be exercised, used, or exerted. Exercise Ex"er*cise (?), n. [F. exercice, L. exercitium, from exercere, exercitum, to drive on, keep, busy, prob. orig., to thrust or drive out of the inclosure; ex out + arcere to shut up, inclose. See Ark.] 1. The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use; habitual activity; occupation, in general; practice. exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature. Jefferson. O we will walk this world, Yoked in all exercise of noble end. Tennyson. 2. Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether physical, intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire skill, knowledge, virtue, perfectness, grace, etc. "Desire of knightly exercise." Spenser. An exercise of the eyes and memory. Locke. 3. Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and functions in a healthy state; hygienic activity; as, to take exercise ob horseback. The wise for cure on exercise depend. Dryden. 4. The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious duty. Lewis refused even those of the church of England . . . the public exercise of their religion. Addison. To draw him from his holy exercise. Shak. 5. That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing, training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement, moral discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or prescribed for such ebbs; hence, a disquisition; a lesson; a task; as, military or naval exercises; musical exercises; an exercise in composition. The clumsy exercises of the European tourney. Prescott. He seems to have taken a degree, and preformed public exercises in Cambridge, in 1565. Brydges. 6. That which gives practice; a trial; a test. Patience is more oft the exercise Of saints, the trial of their fortitude. Milton. Exercise bone (Med.), a deposit of bony matter in the soft tissues, produced by pressure or exertion. Exercise Ex"er*cise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exercised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exercising (?).] 1. To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to; to put in action habitually or constantly; to school or train; to exert repeatedly; to busy. Herein do I Exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence. Acts xxiv. 16. 2. To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop; hence, also, to improve by practice; to discipline, and to use or to for the purpose of training; as, to exercise arms; to exercise one's self in music; to exercise troops. About him exercised heroic games The unarmed youth. Milton. 3. To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious; to affect; to discipline; as, exercised with pain. Where pain of unextinguishable fire Must exercise us without hope of end. Milton. 4. To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the duties of; to use; to employ; to practice; as, to exercise authority; to exercise an office. I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness in the earth. Jer. ix. 24. The people of the land have used oppression and exercised robbery. Ezek. xxii. 29. Exercise Ex"er*cise, v. i. To exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill; to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice gymnastics; as, to exercise for health or amusement. I wear my trusty sword, When I do exercise. Cowper. Exerciser Ex"er*ci`ser (?), n. One who exercises. Exercisible Ex"er*ci`si*ble (?), a. Capable of being exercised, employed, or enforced; as, the authority of a magistrate is exercisible within his jurisdiction. Exercitation Ex*er`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exercitatio, fr. exercitare, intense., fr. exercere to exercise: CF. f. exercitation.] exercise; practice; use. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Exergue Ex*ergue" (?), n. [F.,fr.Gr. i.e., accessory work. See Work.] (Numis.) The small space beneath the base line of a subject engraved on a coin or medal. It usually contains the date, place, engraver's name, etc., or other subsidiary matter. Fairholt. Exert Ex*ert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exerted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exerting.] [L. exertus, exsertus, p.p. of exerere, exserere, to thrust out; ex out + serere to join or bind together. See Series, and cf. Exsert.] 1. To thrust forth; to emit; to push out. [Obs.] So from the seas exerts his radiant head The star by whom the lights of heaven are led. Dryden. 2. To put force, ability, or anything of the nature of an active faculty; to put in vigorous action; to bring into active operation; as, to exert the strength of the body, limbs, faculties, or imagination; to exert the mind or the voice. 3. To put forth, as the result or exercise of effort; to bring to bear; to do or perform. When we will has exerted an act of command on any faculty of the soul or member of the body. South. To exert one's self, to use efforts or endeavors; to strive; to make an attempt. Exertion Ex*er"tion (?), n. The act of exerting, or putting into motion or action; the active exercise of any power or faculty; an effort, esp. a laborious or perceptible effort; as, an exertion of strength or power; an exertion of the limbs or of the mind; it is an exertion for him to move, to-day. Syn. -- Attempt; endeavor; effort; essay; trial. See Attempt. Exertive Ex*ert"ive (?), a. Having power or a tendency to exert; using exertion. Exertment Ex*ert"ment (?), n. Exertion. [R.] Exesion Ex*e"sion (?), n. [L. exedere, exesum, to eat up; ex out + edere to eat.] The act of eating out or through. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Exestuate Ex*es"tu*ate (?), v. i. [L. exaestuatus,p.p. of exaestuare to boil up. See Estuate.] To be agitated; to boil up; to effervesce. [Obs.] Exestuation Ex*es`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. exaestuatio.] A boiling up; effervescence. [Obs.] Boyle. Exeunt Ex"e*unt (?). [L., 3d pers. pl. pres. of exire to go out.] They go out, or retire from the scene; as, exeunt all except Hamlet. See 1st Exit. Exfetation Ex`fe*ta"tion (?), n [Pref. ex- + fetation.] (Med.) Imperfect fetation in some organ exterior to the uterus; extra-uterine fetation. Hoblyn. Exfoliate Ex*fo"li*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exfoliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exfoliating (?).] [L. exfoliare to strip of leaves; ex out, from + folium leaf.] 1. To separate and come off in scales or lamin\'91, as pieces of carious bone or of bark. 2. (Min.) To split into scales, especially to become converted into scales at the result of heat or decomposition. Exfoliate Ex*fo"li*ate v. t. To remove scales, lamin\'91, or splinters from the surface of. Exfoliation Ex*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. exfoliation.] The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the state of being exfoliated. Exfoliative Ex*fo"li*a"tive (?), a. [Cf.F. exfoliatif.] Having the power of causing exfoliation. -- n. An exfoliative agent. Wiseman. Exhalable Ex*hal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being exhaled or evaporated. Boyle. Exhalant Ex*hal"ant (?), a. [Cf. F. exhalant.] Having the quality of exhaling or evaporating. Exhalation Ex`ha*la"tion (?), n. [L. exhalatio: cf. F. exhalaison, exhalation.] 1. The act or process of exhaling, or sending forth in the form of steam or vapor; evaporation. 2. That which is exhaled, or which rises in the form of vapor, fume, or steam; effluvium; emanation; as, exhalations from the earth or flowers, decaying matter, etc. Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise From hill or steaming lake. Milton. 3. A bright phenomenon; a meteor. I shall fall Like a bright exhalation in the evening. Shak. Exhale Ex*hale" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exaled (?), p. pr. & vb. n.. Exaling.] [L. exhalare; ex out + halare to breathe; cf.F. exhaler. Cf. Inhale.] 1. To breathe out. Hence: To emit, as vapor; to send out, as an odor; to evaporate; as, the earth exhales vapor; marshes exhale noxious effluvia. Less fragrant scents the unfolding rose exhales. Pope. 2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in vapor; as, the sum exhales the moisture of the earth. Exhale Ex*hale", v. i. To rise or be given off, as vapor; to pass off, or vanish. Their inspiration exhaled in elegies. Prescott. Exhalement Ex*hale"ment (?), n. Exhalation. [Obs.] Exhalence Ex*hal"ence (?), n. Exhalation. [R.] Exhaust Ex*haust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhausted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhausting.] [L. exhaustus, p.p. of exhaurire; ex out + haurire, haustum, to draw, esp. water; perhaps akin to Icel. asua to sprinkle, pump.] 1. To draw or let out wholly; to drain off completely; as, to exhaust the water of a well; the moisture of the earth is exhausted by evaporation. 2. To empty by drawing or letting out the contents; as, to exhaust a well, or a treasury. 3. To drain, metaphorically; to use or expend wholly, or till the supply comes to an end; to deprive wholly of strength; to use up; to weary or tire out; to wear out; as, to exhaust one's strength, patience, or resources. A decrepit, exhausted old man at fifty-five. Motley. 4. To bring out or develop completely; to discuss thoroughly; as, to exhaust a subject. 5. (Chem.) To subject to the action of various solvents in order to remove all soluble substances or extractives; as, to exhaust a drug successively with water, alcohol, and ether. Exhausted receiver. (Physics) See under Receiver. Syn. -- To spend; consume; tire out; weary. Exhaust Ex*haust", a. [L. exhaustus, p.p.] 1. Drained; exhausted; having expended or lost its energy. 2. Pertaining to steam, air, gas, etc., that is released from the cylinder of an engine after having preformed its work. Exhaust draught, a forced draught produced by drawing air through a place, as through a furnace, instead of blowing it through. -- Exhaust fan, a fan blower so arranged as to produce an exhaust draught, or to draw air or gas out of a place, as out of a room in ventilating it. -- Exhaust nozzle, Exhaust orifice (Steam Engine), the blast orifice or nozzle. -- Exhaust pipe (Steam Engine), the pipe that conveys exhaust steam from the cylinder to the atmosphere or to the condenser. Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the opening, in the cylinder or valve, by which the exhaust steam escapes. -- Exhaust purifier (Milling), a machine for sorting grains, or purifying middlings by an exhaust draught. Knight. -- Exhaust steam (Steam Engine), steam which is allowed to escape from the cylinder after having been employed to produce motion of the piston. -- Exhaust valve (Steam Engine), a valve that lets exhaust steam escape out of a cylinder. Exhaust Ex*haust", n. (Steam Engine) 1. The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work there. 2. The foul air let out of a room through a register or pipe provided for the purpose. Exhauster Ex*haust"er (?) n. One who, or that which, exhausts or draws out. Exhaustibility Ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being exhausted. I was seriously tormented by the thought of the exhaustibility of musical combinations. J. S. Mill. Exhaustible Ex*haust"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being exhausted, drained off, or expended. Johnson. Exhausting Ex*haust"ing, a. Producing exhaustion; as, exhausting labors. -- Ex*haust"ing, adv. Exhaustion Ex*haus"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. exhaustion.] 1. The act of draining out or draining off; the act of emptying completely of the contents. 2. The state of being exhausted or emptied; the state of being deprived of strength or spirits. 3. (Math.) An ancient geometrical method in which an exhaustive process was employed. It was nearly equivalent to the modern method of limits. NOTE: &hand; The method of exhaustions was applied to great variety of propositions, pertaining to rectifications and quadratures, now investigated by the calculus. Exhaustive Ex*haust"ive (?), a. Serving or tending to exhaust; exhibiting all the facts or arguments; as, an exhaustive method. Ex*haust"ive*ly, adv. Exhaustless Ex*haust"less, a. Not be exhausted; inexhaustible; as, an exhaustless fund or store. Exhaustment Ex*haust"ment (?), n. Exhaustion; drain. [Obs.] Exhausture Ex*haus"ture (?), n. Exhaustion. Wraxall. Exhedra Ex"he*dra (?), n. [NL.] See Exedra. Exheredate Ex*her"e*date (?), v. t. [L., exheredatus, p.p. of exheredare to disinherit; ex out + heres, heredis, heir.] To disinherit. [R.] Huloet. Exheredation Ex*her`e*da"tion (?), n. [L., exheredatio: cf. F. exh\'82r\'82dation.] A disinheriting; disherisor. [R.] Exhereditation Ex`he*red`i*ta"tion (?), n. [LL. exhereditare, exhereditatum, disinherit.] A disinheriting; disherison. [R.] E. Waterhouse. Exhibit Ex*hib"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhibited; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhibiting.] [L. exhibitus, p. p. of exhibere to hold forth, to tender, exhibit; ex out + habere to have or hold. See Habit.] 1. To hold forth or present to view; to produce publicly, for inspection; to show, especially in order to attract notice to what is interesting; to display; as, to exhibit commodities in a warehouse, a picture in a gallery. Exhibiting a miserable example of the weakness of mind and body. Pope. 2. (Law) To submit, as a document, to a court or officer, in course of proceedings; also, to present or offer officially or in legal form; to bring, as a charge. He suffered his attorney-general to exhibit a charge of high treason against the earl. Clarendon. 3. (Med.) To administer as a remedy; as, to exhibit calomel. To exhibit a foundation or prize, to hold it forth or to tender it as a bounty to candidates. -- To exibit an essay, to declaim or otherwise present it in public. [Obs.] Exhibit Ex*hib"it, n. 1. Any article, or collection of articles, displayed to view, as in an industrial exhibition; a display; as, this exhibit was marked A; the English exhibit. 2. (Law) A document produced and identified in court for future use as evidence. Exhibiter Ex*hib"it*er (?), n. [Cf. Exhibitor.] One who exhibits; one who presents a petition, charge or bill. Shak. Exhibition Ex`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L. exhibitio a delivering: cf. F. exhibition.] 1. The act of exhibiting for inspection, or of holding forth to view; manifestation; display. 2. That which is exhibited, held forth, or displayed; also, any public show; a display of works of art, or of feats of skill, or of oratorical or dramatic ability; as, an exhibition of animals; an exhibition of pictures, statues, etc.; an industrial exhibition. 3. Sustenance; maintenance; allowance, esp. for meat and drink; pension. Specifically: (Eng. Univ.) Private benefaction for the maintenance of scholars. What maintenance he from his friends receives, Like exhibition thou shalt have from me. Shak. I have given more exhibitions to scholars, in my days, than to the priests. Tyndale. 4. (Med.) The act of administering a remedy. Exhibitioner Ex`hi*bi"tion*er (?), n. (Eng. Univ.) One who has a pension or allowance granted for support. A youth who had as an exhibitioner from Christ's Hospital. G. Eliot. Exhibitive Ex*hib"it*ive (?), a. Serving for exhibition; representative; exhibitory. Norris. -- Ex*hib"it*ive*ly, adv. Exhibitor Ex*hib"it*or (?), n. [Cf. L. exhibitor a giver.] One who exhibits. Exhibitory Ex*hib"it*o*ry (?), a. [L. exhibitorius relating to giving up: cf. F. exhibitoire exhibiting.] Exhibiting; publicly showing. J. Warton. Exhilarant Ex*hil"a*rant (?), a. [L. exhilarans. -antis, p. pr. See Exhilarate.] Exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure. -- n. That which exhilarates. Exhilarate Ex*hil"a*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhilarated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exilarating.] [L. exhilaratus, p.p. of exhilarare to gladden; ex out + hilarare to make merry, hilaris merry, cheerful. See Hilarious.] To make merry or jolly; to enliven; to animate; to gladden greatly; to cheer; as, good news exhilarates the mind; wine exhilarates a man. Exhilarate Ex*hil"a*rate, v. i. To become joyous. [R.] Bacon. Exhilarating Ex*hil"a*ra`ting (?), a. That exhilarates; cheering; gladdening. -- Ex*hil"a*ra`ting*ly, adv. Exhilaration Ex*hil`a*ra"tion (?), n. [L., exhilaratio.] 1. The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad or cheerful; a gladdening. 2. The state of being enlivened or cheerful. Exhilaration hath some affinity with joy, though it be a much lighter motion. Bacon. Syn. -- Animation; joyousness; gladness; cheerfulness; gayety; hilarity; merriment; jollity. Exhort Ex*hort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhorting.] [L. exhortari; ex out + hortari to incite, encourage; cf. F. exhorter. See Hortative.] To incite by words or advice; to animate or urge by arguments, as to a good deed or laudable conduct; to address exhortation to; to urge strongly; hence, to advise, warn, or caution. Examples gross as earth exhort me. Shak. Let me exhort you to take care of yourself. J. D. Forbes. Exhort Ex*hort", v. i. To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds. With many other words did he testify and exhort. Acts ii. 40. Exhort Ex*hort", n. Exhortation. [Obs.] Pope. Exhortation Ex`hor*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exhortatio: cf. F. exhortation.] 1. The act of practice of exhorting; the act of inciting to laudable deeds; incitement to that which is good or commendable. 2. Language intended to incite and encourage; advice; counsel; admonition. I'll end my exhortation after dinner. Shak. Exhortative Ex*hor"ta*tive (?), a. [L. exhortativus: cf. F. exhortatif.] Serving to exhort; exhortatory; hortative. Barrow. Exhortatory Ex*hor"ta*to*ry (?) a. [L. exhortatorius: cf. F. exhortatoire.] Of or pertaining to exhortation; hortatory. Holinshed. Exhorter Ex*hort"er (?), n. One who exhorts or incites. Exhumated Ex*hu"ma*ted (?), a. Disinterred. [Obs.] Exhumation Ex`hu*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. exhumatio, F. exhumation.] The act of exhuming that which has been buried; as, the exhumation of a body. Exhume Ex*hume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhumed (?) p. pr. & vb. n.. Exhuming.] [LL. exhumare; L. ex out + humus ground, soil: cf. F. exhumer. See Humble.] To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial; to disinter. Mantell. Exiccate Ex"ic*cate (?), v. t. See Exsiccate. [Obs.] Holland. Exiccation Ex`ic*ca"tion (?), n. See Exsiccation. [Obs.] Exigence Ex"i*gence (?), n. [F.] Exigency. Hooker. Exigency Ex"i*gen*cy (?), n.;pl. Exigencies (#). [LL. exigentia: cf. F. exigence.] The state of being exigent; urgent or exacting want; pressing necessity or distress; need; a case demanding immediate action, supply, or remedy; as, an unforeseen exigency. "The present exigency of his affairs." Ludlow. Syn. -- Demand; urgency; distress; pressure; emergency; necessity; crisis. Exigendary Ex`i*gen"da*ry (?), n. See Exigenter. Exigent Ex`i*gent, a. [L. exigens, -entis, p. pr. of exigere to drive out or forth, require, exact. See Exact.] Exacting or requiring immediate aid or action; pressing; critical. "At this exigent moment." Burke. Exigent Ex"i*gent, n. 1. Exigency; pressing necessity; decisive moment. [Obs.] Why do you cross me in this exigent? Shak. 2. (o. Eng. Law) The name of a writ in proceedings before outlawry. Abbott. Exigenter Ex"i*gent*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) An officer in the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas whose duty it was make out exigents. The office in now abolished. Cowell. Exigible Ex"i*gi*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. exigible. See Exigent.] That may be exacted; repairable. [R.] A. Smith. Exiguity Ex`i*gu"i*ty (?), n. [L. exiguitas, fr. exiguus small: cf. F. exiguit\'82.] Scantiness; smallness; thinness. [R.] Boyle. Exiguous Ex*ig"u*ous (?), a. [L. exiguus.] Scanty; small; slender; diminutive. [R.] "Exiguous resources." Carlyle. -- Ex*ig"uous*ness, n. [R.] Exile Ex"ile (?), n. [OE. exil, fr. L. exilium, exsilium, fr. exsuil one who quits, or is banished from, his native soil; ex out + solum ground, land, soil, or perh. fr.the root of salire to leap, spring; cf. F. exil. Cf. Sole of the foot, Saltation.] 1. Forced separation from one's native country; expulsion from one's home by the civil authority; banishment; sometimes, voluntary separation from one's native country. Let them be recalled from their exile. Shak. 2. The person expelled from his country by authority; also, one who separates himself from his home. Thou art in exile, and thou must not stay. Shak. Syn. -- Banishment; proscription; expulsion. Exile Ex"ile (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exiling.] To banish or expel from one's own country or home; to drive away. "Exiled from eternal God." Tennyson. Calling home our exiled friends abroad. Shak. Syn. -- See Banish. Exile Ex*ile" (?), a. [L. exilis.] Small; slender; thin; fine. [Obs.] "An exile sound." Bacon. Exilement Ex"ile*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. exilement.] Banishment. [R.] Sir. H. Wotton. Exilic Ex*il"ic (?), a. Pertaining to exile or banishment, esp. to that of the Jews in Babylon. Encyc. Dict. Exilition Ex`i*li"tion (?), n. [L. exsilire to spring from; ex out + salire to spring, leap.] A sudden springing or leaping out. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Exility Ex*il"ity (?), n. [L. exilitas: cf. F. exilit\'82. See Exile, a.] Smallness; meagerness; slenderness; fineness, thinness. [R.] Paley. Eximious Ex*im"ious (?) a. [L. eximius taken out, i. e. select, fr. eximere to take out. See Exempt.] Select; choice; hence, extraordinary, excellent. [Obs.] The eximious and arcane science of physic. Fuller. Exinanite Ex*in"a*nite (?), v. t. [L. exinanitus, p. p. of exinanire; ex out (intens.) + inanire to make empty, inanis, empty.] To make empty; to render of no effect; to humble. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. Exinanition Ex*in`a*ni"tion (?) n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying; an enfeebling; exhaustion; humiliation. [Obs.] Fastings to the exinanition of spirits. Jer. Taylor. Exist Ex*ist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Existed; p. pr. & vb. n. Existing.] [L. existere, exsistere, to step out or forth, emerge, appear, exist; ex out + sistere to cause to stand, to set, put, place, stand still, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. exister. See Stand.] 1. To be as a fact and not as a mode; to have an actual or real being, whether material or spiritual. Who now, alas! no more is missed Than if he never did exist. Swift. To conceive the world . . . to have existed from eternity. South. 2. To be manifest in any manner; to continue to be; as, great evils existed in his reign. 3. To live; to have life or the functions of vitality; as, men can not exist water, nor fishes on land. Syn. -- See Be. Existence Ex*ist"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. existence.] 1. The state of existing or being; actual possession of being; continuance in being; as, the existence of body and of soul in union; the separate existence of the soul; immortal existence. The main object of our existence. Lubbock. 2. Continued or repeated manifestation; occurrence, as of events of any kind; as, the existence of a calamity or of a state of war. The existence therefore, of a phenomenon, is but another word for its being perceived, or for the inferred possibility of perceiving it. J. S. Mill. 3. That which exists; a being; a creature; an entity; as, living existences. Existency Ex*ist"en*cy (?), n. Existence. [R.] Sir M. Hale. Existent Ex*ist"ent (?), a. [L. existens, -entis, p. pr. of existere. See Exist.] Having being or existence; existing; being; occurring now; taking place. The eyes and mind are fastened on objects which have no real being, as if they were truly existent. Dryden. Existential Ex`is*ten"tial (?), a. Having existence. [Archaic] Bp. Barlow. --Ex`is*ten"tial*ly, adv. [Archaic] Existentially as well as essentially intelligent. Colerige. Exister Ex*ist"er (?), n. One who exists. Existible Ex*ist"i*ble (?), a. Capable of existence. Grew. Existimation Ex*is`ti*ma"tion (?), n. [L. existimatio judgment, opinion, fr. existimare to estimate. See Estimate.] Esteem; opinion; reputation. [Obs.] Steele. Exit Ex"it (?). [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. of exire to go out. See Exeunt, Issue.] He (or she ) goes out, or retires from view; as, exit Macbeth. NOTE: &hand; Th e Latin words exit (he or she goes out), and exeunt ( they go out), are used in dramatic writings to indicate the time of withdrawal from the stage of one or more of the actors. Exit Ex"it, n. [See 1st Exit.] 1. The departure of a player from the stage, when he has performed his part. They have their exits and their entrances. Shak. 2. Any departure; the act of quitting the stage of action or of life; death; as, to make one's exit. Sighs for his exit, vulgarly called death. Cowper. 3. A way of departure; passage out of a place; egress; way out. Forcing he water forth thought its ordinary exists. Woodward. Exitial, Exitious Ex*i"tial (?), Ex*i"tious (?), a. [L. exitialis, exitious, fr. exitium a going out, a going to naught, i. e., ruin, fr.exire to go out: cf. F. exitial.] Destructive; fatal. [Obs.] "Exitial fevers." Harvey. Exo Ex"o (?). [Gr. Ex-.] A prefix signifying out of, outside; as in exocarp, exogen, exoskeleton. Exocardiac, Exocardial Ex`o*car"di*ac (?), Ex`o*car"di*al (?), a. [Exo- + Gr. (Anat.) Situated or arising outside of the heat; as, exocardial murmurs; -- opposed to endocardiac. Exocarp Ex"o*carp (?), n. [Exo- + Gr. (Bot.) The outer portion of a fruit, as the flesh of a peach or the rind of an orange. See Illust. of Drupe. Exoccipital Ex`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref. ex- + occipital.] (Anat.) Pertaining to a bone or region on each side of the great foremen of the skull. -- n. The exoccipital bone, which often forms a part of the occipital in the adult, but is usually distinct in the young. Exocetus or, Exoc\'d2tus Ex`o*ce"tus (? or ?), Ex`oc\'d2"tus, n. [NL. exocetus, L. exocoetus a fish that sleeps on the shore, Gr. (Zo\'94l) A genus of fishes, including the common flying fishes. See Flying fish. Exoculate Ex*oc"u*late (?), v. t. [L. exoculatus, p. p. of exoculare to exoculate; ex out + oculus an eye.] To deprive of eyes. [R.] W. C. Hazlitt. Exode Ex"ode (?) n. [L. exodium, Gr. exode. See Exodus.] 1. Departure; exodus; esp., the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. [Obs.] L. Coleman. Bolingbroke. 2. (Gr. Drama) The final chorus; the catastrophe. 3. (Rom. Antig.) An afterpiece of a comic description, either a farce or a travesty. Exodic Ex*od"ic (?), a. [Gr. Exodus.] (Physiol.) Conducting influences from the spinal cord outward; -- said of the motor or efferent nerves. Opposed to esodic. Exogium Ex*o"gi*um (?), n. [L.] See Exode. Exodus Ex"o*dus (?), n. [L., the book of Exodus, Gr. Skr. \'be-sad to approach.] 1. A going out; particularly (the Exodus), the going out or journey of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses; and hence, any large migration from a place. 2. The second of the Old Testament, which contains the narrative of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt. Exody Ex"o*dy (?), n. Exodus; withdrawal. [Obs.] The time of the Jewish exody. Sir M. Hale. Ex-official Ex`-of*fi"cial (?), a. Proceeding from office or authority. Ex officio Ex` of*fi"ci*o (?); pl. Ex officiis (#). [L.] From office; by virtue, or as a consequence, of an office; officially. Exogamous Ex*og"a*mous (?), a. [Exo- + Gr. Relating to exogamy; marrying outside of the limits of one's own tribe; -- opposed to endogenous. Exogamy Ex*og"a*my (?), n. The custom, or tribal law, which prohibits marriage between members of the same tribe; marriage outside of the tribe; -- opposed to endogamy. Lubbock. Exogen Ex"o*gen (?), n. [Exo- + -gen: cf. F. exog\'8ane.] (Bot.) A plant belonging to one of the greater part of the vegetable kingdom, and which the plants are characterized by having c wood bark, and pith, the wood forming a layer between the other two, and increasing, if at all, by the animal addition of a new layer to the outside next to the bark. The leaves are commonly netted-veined, and the number of cotyledons is two, or, very rarely, several in a whorl. Cf. Endogen. Gray. Exogenetic Ex`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Arising or growing from without; exogenous. Exogenous Ex*og"e*nous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having the character of, an exogen; -- the opposite of endogenous. 2. (Biol.) Growing by addition to the exterior. 3. (Anat.) Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed to autogenous. Owen. Exogenous aneurism (Med.), an aneurism which is produced by causes acting from without, as from injury. Exogyra Ex`o*gy"ra (?) n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of Cretaceous fossil shells allied to oysters. Exolete Ex"o*lete (?), a. [L. exoletus, p. p. of exolescere to grow out, grow out of use; ex out + olescere to grow.] Obsolete; out of use; state; insipid. [Obs.] Exolution Ex`o*lu"tion (?), n. [L. exolutio a release. See Exolve.] See Exsolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Exolve Ex*olve" (?), v. t. [L. exolvere, exsolutum; ex out + solvere.] To loose; to pay. [Obs.] Exon Ex"on (?), n. [NL., from E. Exe (Celt. uisge water) the name of a river.] A native or inhabitant of Exeter, in England. Exon Ex"on, n. [F. expect an under officer.] An officer of the Yeomen of the Guard; an Exempt. [Eng.] Exonerate Ex*on"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exonerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exonerating (?).] [L. exoneratus, p. p. of exonerare to free from a burden; ex out, from onerare to load, onus load. See Onerous.] 1. To unload; to disburden; to discharge. [Obs.] All exonerate themselves into one common duct. Ray. 2. To relieve, in a moral sense, as of a charge, obligation, or load of blame resting on one; to clear of something that lies upon oppresses one, as an accusation or imputation; as, to exonerate one's self from blame, or from the charge of avarice. Burke. 3. To discharge from duty or obligation, as a ball. Syn>- To absolve; acquit; exculpate. See Absolve. Exoneration Ex*on`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. exoneratio: cf. F. Exon\'82ration.] The act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from a charge or imputation; also, the state of being disburdened or freed from a charge. Exonerative Ex*on"er*a*tive (?), a. Freeing from a burden or obligation; tending to exonerate. Exonerator Ex*on"er*a`tor (?), n. [L., an unloader.] One who exonerates or frees from obligation. Exophthalmia Ex`oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. [Nl.,fr. Gr. (Med.) The protrusion of the eyeball so that the eyelids will not cover it, in consequence of disease. Exophthalmic Ex`oph*thal"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or characterized by, exophthalmia. Exophthalmic golter. Same as Rasedow's disease. Exophthalmos, Exophthalmus Ex`oph*thal"mos (?), Ex`oph*thal"mus (, n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Exophthalmia. Exophthalmy Ex`oph*thal"my (?), n. (Med.) Exophthalmia. Exophyllous Ex*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Exo- + Gr. (Bot.) Not sheathed in another leaf. Exoplasm Ex"o*plasm (?), n. [Exo- + Gr. (Biol.) See Ectosarc, and Ectoplasm. Exopodite Ex*op"o*dite (?), n. [Exo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l) The external branch of the appendages of Crustacea. Exoptable Ex*op"ta*ble (?), a. [L. exoptabilis.] Very desirable. [Obs.] Bailey. Exoptile Ex*op"tile (?), n. [F., fr.Gr. (Bot.) A name given by Lestiboudois to dicotyledons; -- so called because the plumule is naked. Exrable Ex"ra*ble (?), a. [L. exorabilis: cf. F. exorable. See Exorate.] Capable of being moved by entreaty; pitiful; tender. Milton. Exorate Ex"o*rate (?), v. t. [L. exoratus, p. p. of exorare to gain by entreaty; ex out, from + orare to pay.] To persuade, or to gain, by entreaty. [Obs.] Cockeram. Exoration Ex`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exoratio.] Entreaty. [R.] Beau. & Fl. Exorbitance, Exorbitancy Ex*or"bi*tance (?), Ex*or"bi*tan*cy (?),, n. A going out of or beyond the usual or due limit; hence, enormity; extravagance; gross deviation from rule, right, or propriety; as, the exorbitances of the tongue or of deportment; exorbitance of demands. "a curb to your exorbitancies." Dryden. The lamentable exorbitances of their superstitions. Bp. Hall. Exorbitant Ex*or"bi*tant (?), a. [L. exorbitans, -antis, p. pr. of exorbitare to go out of the track; ex out + orbita track: cf. F. exorbitant. See Orbit.] 1. Departing from an orbit or usual track; hence, deviating from the usual or due course; going beyond the appointed rules or established limits of right or propriety; excessive; extravagant; enormous; inordinate; as, exorbitant appetites and passions; exorbitant charges, demands, or claims. Foul exorbitant desires. Milton. 2. Not comprehended in a settled rule or method; anomalous. The Jews . . . [were] inured with causes exorbitant, and such as their laws had not provided for. Hooker. Exorbitantly Ex*or"bi*tant*ly, adv. In an exorbitant, excessive, or irregular manner; enormously. Exorbitate Ex*or"bi*tate (?), v. i. [L.exorbitatus, p.p. of exorbitare. See Exorbitant.] To go out of the track; to deviate. [Obs.] Bentley. Exorcise Ex"or*cise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exorcised ; p. pr. & vb. n. Exorcising .] [L. exorcizare, Gr. exorciser.] 1. To cast out, as a devil, evil spirits, etc., by conjuration or summoning by a holy name, or by certain ceremonies; to expel (a demon) or to conjure (a demon) to depart out of a person possessed by one. He impudently excorciseth devils in the church. Prynne. 2. To deliver or purify from the influence of an evil spirit or demon. Exorcise the beds and cross the walls. Dryden. Mr. Spectator . . . do all you can to exorcise crowds who are . . . processed as I am. Spectator. Exor-ciser Ex"or-ci`ser (?), n. An exorcist. Exorcism Ex"or*cism (?), n. [L. exorcismus, Gr. ; cf. F. exorcisme.] 1. The act of exorcising; the driving out of evil spirits from persons or places by conjuration; also, the form of conjuration used. 2. Conjuration for raising spirits. [R.] Shak. Exor-cist Ex"or-cist (?), n. [L. exorcista, Gr. exorciste.] 1. One who expels evil spirits by conjuration or exorcism. Certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists. Acts xix. 13. 2. A conjurer who can raise spirits. [R.] Thou, like an exorcist, hast conjured up My mortified spirit. Shak. Exordial Ex*or"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to the exordium of a discourse: introductory. The exordial paragraph of the second epistle. I. Taylor. Exordium Ex*or"di*um (?), n.; pl. E. Exordiums (#), L. Exordia . [L. fr. exordiri to begin a web, lay a warp, begin; ex out + ordiri to begin a web, begin; akin to E. order. See Order.] A beginning; an introduction; especially, the introductory part of a discourse or written composition, which prepares the audience for the main subject; the opening part of an oration. "The exordium of repentance." Jer. Taylor. "Long prefaces and exordiums. " Addison. Exorhiza Ex`o*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. Exorhize (#). [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.) A plant Whose radicle is not inclosed or sheathed by the cotyledons or plumule. Gray. Exorhizal, Exorhizous Ex`o*rhi"zal (?), Ex`o*rhi`zous (?), a. (Bot.) Having a radicle which is not inclosed by the cotyledons or plumule; of or relating to an exorhiza. Exornation Ex`or*na"tion (?), n. [L. exornatio, fr. exornare. See Ornate.] Ornament; decoration; embellishment. [Obs.] Hyperbolical exornations . . . many much affect. Burton. Exortive Ex*or`tive (?), a. [L. exortivus, fr. exortus a coming forth, rising; ex out + orivi to rise, come forth.] Rising; relating to the east. [R.] Exosculate Ex*os"cu*late (?), v. t. [L. exosculatus, p. p. of exosculari to kiss. See Osculate.] To kiss; especially, to kiss repeatedly or fondly. [Obs.] Exoskeletal Ex`o*skel"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the exoskeleton; as exoskeletal muscles. Exoskeleton Ex`o*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Exo- + skeleton] (Anat.) The hardened parts of the external integument of an animal, including hair, feathers, nails, horns, scales, etc.,as well as the armor of armadillos and many reptiles, and the shells or hardened integument of numerous invertebrates; external skeleton; dermoskeleton. Exosmose Ex"os*mose` (?), n. [Exo+osmose: cf. F. ezosmose.] (Physics) The passage of gases, vapors, or liquids thought membranes or porous media from within outward, in the phenomena of osmose; -- opposed to endosmose. See Osmose. Exosmosis Ex`os*mo"sis (?), n. [NL. See Exo-, and Osmose.] (Physics) See Exosmose. Exosmotic Ex`os*mot`ic (?), a. Pertaining to exosmose. Exospore Ex`o*spore (?), n. [Exo+spote.] (Biol.) The extreme outer wall of a spore; the epispore. Exosstate Ex*os"state (?), v. t. [L. exossatus, p. p. of exossare to bone , fr. exos without bones; ex out + os, ossis, bone.] To deprive of bones; to take out the bones of; to bone. [Obs.] Bailey. Exossation Ex`os*sa"tion (?), n. A depriving of bone or of fruit stones. [Obs.] Bacon. Exosse-ous Ex*os"se-ous (?), a. [Ex + osseous.] Boneless. "Exosseous animals. " Sir T. Browne. Exostome Ex"o*stome (?), n. [Exo- + Gr. exostome.] (Bot.) The small aperture or foremen in the outer coat of the ovule of a plant. Exostosis Ex`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. exostose.] 1. (Med.) Any protuberance of a bone which is not natural; an excrescence or morbid enlargement of a bone. Coxe. 2. (Bot.) A knot formed upon or in the wood of trees by disease. Exoteric, Exoterical Ex`o*ter"ic (?), Ex`o*ter"ic*al (?) a. [L. exotericus, Gr. exot\'82rique. See Ex-] External; public; suitable to be imparted to the public; hence, capable of being readily or fully comprehended; -- opposed to esoteric, or secret. The foppery of an exoteric and esoteric doctrine. De Quincey. Exoterics Ex`o*ter`ics (?), n. pl. (Philos.) The public lectures or published writings of Aristotle. See Esoterics. Exotery Ex"o*ter*y (?), n.; pl. Exoteries (-. That which is obvious, public, or common. Dealing out exoteries only to the vulgar. A. Tucker. Exotheca Ex`o*the"ca (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The tissue which fills the interspaces between the cost\'91 of many madreporarian corals, usually consisting of small transverse or oblique septa. Exotheci-um Ex`o*the"ci-um (?), n. [NL. See Exotheca.] (Bot.) The outer coat of the anther. Exotic Ex*ot"ic (?), a. [L. exoticus, Gr. exotique. See Exoteric.] Introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous; foreign; as, an exotic plant; an exotic term or word. Nothing was so splendid and exotic as the ambassador. Evelyn. Exotic Ex*ot"ic (?), n. Anything of foreign origin; something not of native growth, as a plant, a word, a custom. Plants that are unknown to Italy, and such as the gardeners call exotics. Addison. Exotical Ex*ot"ic*al (?), a. Foreign; not native; exotic. [R.] -- Ex*ot"ic*al*ness, n. Exoticism Ex*ot"i*cism (?), n. The state of being exotic; also, anything foreign, as a word or idiom; an exotic. Expand Ex*pand" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Expanding.] [L. expandere, expansum; ex out + pandere to spread out, to throw open; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf. Spawn.] 1. To lay open by extending; to open wide; to spread out; to diffuse; as, a flower expands its leaves. Then with expanded wings he steers his flight. Milton. 2. To cause the particles or parts of to spread themselves or stand apart, thus increasing bulk without addition of substance; to make to occupy more space; to dilate; to distend; to extend every way; to enlarge; -- opposed to contract; as, to expand the chest; heat expands all bodies; to expand the sphere of benevolence. 3. (Math.) To state in enlarged form; to develop; as, to expand an equation. See Expansion, 5. Expand Ex*pand", v. i. To become widely opened, spread apart, dilated, distended, or enlarged; as, flowers expand in the spring; metals expand by heat; the heart expands with joy. Dryden. Expander Ex*pand"er (?), n. Anything which causes expansion esp. (Mech.) a tool for stretching open or expanding a tube, etc. Expanding Ex*pand"ing, a. That expands, or may be expanded; extending; spreading; enlarging. Expanding bit, Expanding drill (Mech.), a bit or drill made adjustable for holes of various sizes; one which can be expanded in diameter while boring. -- Expanding pulley (Mach.), a pulley so made, as in sections, that its diameter can be increased or diminished. Expanse Ex*panse" (?), n. [From L. expansus, p. p. of expandere. See Expand.] That which is expanded or spread out; a wide extent of space or body; especially, the arch of the sky. "The green expanse." Savage. Lights . . . high in the expanse of heaven. Milton. The smooth expanse of crystal lakes. Pope. Expanse Ex*panse", v. t. To expand. [Obs.] That lies expansed unto the eyes of all. Sir. T. Browne. Expansibility Ex*pan`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The capacity of being expanded; as, the expansibility of air. Expabsible Ex*pab"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. expansible.] Capable of being expanded or spread out widely. Bodies are not expansible in proposition to their weight. Ex*pab"si*ble*ness ,n. -Ex*pan"si*bly ,adv. Expansile Ex*pan"sile (?), a. Expansible. Ether and alcohol are more expansile than water. Brande & C. Expansion Ex*pan"sion (?), n. [L. expansio: cf. F. expansion.] 1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being expanded; dilation; enlargement. 2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as the expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was formed of metal. The starred expansion of the skies. Beattie. 3. Space thought which anything is expanded; also, pure space. Lost in expansion, void and infinite. Blackmore. 4. (Com.) Enlargement or extension of business transaction; esp., increase of the circulation of bank notes. 5. (Math.) The developed result of an indicated operation; as, the expansion of (a + b)2 is a2 + 2ab + b2. 6. (Steam Ebgine) The operation of steam in a cylinder after its communication with the boiler has been cut off, by which it continues to exert pressure upon the moving piston. 7. (Nav. Arch.) The enlargement of the ship mathematically from a model or drawing to the full or building size, in the process of construction. Ham. Nav. Encyc. NOTE: &hand; Ex pansion is al so used adjectively, as in expansion joint, expansion gear, etc. Expansion curve, a curve the co\'94rdinates of which show the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding gas or vapor; esp. (Steam engine), that part of an indicator diagram which shows the declining pressure of the steam as it expands in the cylinder. -- Expansion gear (Stream Engine). a cut-off gear. See Illust. of Link motion. -- Automatic expansion gear OR cut-off, one that is regulated by the governor, and varies the supply of steam to the engine with the demand for power. -- Fixed expansion gear, OR Fixed cut-off, one that always operates at the same fixed point of the stroke. -- Expansion joint, OR Expansion coupling (Mech. & Engin.), a yielding joint or coupling for so uniting parts of a machine or structure that expansion, as by heat, is prevented from causing injurious strains; as by heat, is prevented from causing injurious strains; as: (a) A side or set of rollers, at the end of bridge truss, to support it but allow end play. (b) A telescopic joint in a steam pipe, to permit one part of the pipe to slide within the other. (c) A clamp for holding a locomotive frame to the boiler while allowing lengthwise motion. -- Expansion valve (Steam Engine), a cut-off valve, to shut off steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke. Expansive Ex*pan"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. expansif.] Having a capacity or tendency to expand or dilate; diffusive; of much expanse; wide-extending; as, the expansive force of heat; the expansive quality of air. A more expansive and generous compassion. Eustace. His forehead was broad and expansive. Prescott. -- Ex*pan"sive*ly, adv. -Ex*pan"sive*ness, n. Expansure Ex*pan"sure (?shur; 135), n. Expanse. [Obs.] "Night's rich expansure." Ex parte Ex` par"te (?). [L. See Ex-, and Part.] Upon or from one side only; one-sided; partial; as, an ex parte statement. Ex parte application, one made without notice or opportunity to oppose. -- Ex parte council, one that assembles at the request of only one of the parties in dispute. -- Ex parte hearing OR evidence (Law), that which is had or taken by one side or party in the absence of the other. Hearings before grand juries, and affidavits, are ex parte. Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill. Expatiate Ex*pa"ti*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Expatiated (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Expariating (?).] [L. expatiatus, exspatiatus, p. p. of expatiari, exspatiari, to expatiate; ex out + spatiari to walk about spread out, fr. spatium space. See Space.] 1. To range at large, or without restraint. Bids his free soul expatiate in the skies. Pope. 2. To enlarge in discourse or writing; to be copious in argument or discussion; to descant. He expatiated on the inconveniences of trade. Addison. Expatiate Ex*pa"ti*ate, v. t. To expand; to spread; to extend; to diffuse; to broaden. Afford art an ample field in which to expatiate itself. Dryden. Expatiation Ex*pa`ti*a"tion (?), n. Act of expatiating. Expatiatory Ex*pa"ti*a*to*ry (?), a. Expansive; diffusive. [R.] Expatriate Ex*pa"tri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expatriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expatriating (?).] [LL. expatriatus, p. p. of expatriare; L. ex out + patria fatherland, native land, fr. pater father. See Patriot.] 1. To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to make an exile of. The expatriated landed interest of France. Burke. 2. Reflexively, as To expatriate one's self: To withdraw from one's native country; to renounce the rights and liabilities of citizenship where one is born, and become a citizen of another country. Expatriation Ex*pa`tri*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. expatriation.] The act of banishing, or the state of banishment; especially, the forsaking of one's own country with a renunciation of allegiance. Expatriation was a heavy ransom to pay for the rights of their minds and souls. Palfrey. Expect Ex*pect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expected; p. pr. & vb. n. Expecting.] [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.] 1. To wait for; to await. [Obs.] Let's in, and there expect their coming. Shak. 2. To look for (mentally); to look forward to, as to something that is believed to be about to happen or come; to have a previous apprehension of, whether of good or evil; to look for with some confidence; to anticipate; -- often followed by an infinitive, sometimes by a clause (with, or without, that); as I expect to receive wages; I expect that the troops will be defeated. "Good: I will expect you." Shak. "Expecting thy reply." Shak. The Somersetshire or yellow regiment . . . was expected to arrive on the following day. Macaulay. Syn. -- To anticipate; look for; await; hope. -- To Expect, Think, Believe, Await. Expect is a mental act and has aways a reference to the future, to some coming event; as a person expects to die, or he expects to survive. Think and believe have reference to the past and present, as well as to the future; as I think the mail has arrived; I believe he came home yesterday, that he is he is at home now. There is a not uncommon use of expect, which is a confusion of the two; as, I expect the mail has arrived; I expect he is at home. This misuse should be avoided. Await is a physical or moral act. We await that which, when it comes, will affect us personally. We expect what may, or may not, interest us personally. See Anticipate. Expect Ex*pect", v. t. To wait; to stay. [Obs.] Sandys. Expect Ex*pect", n. Expectation. [Obs.] Shak. Expectable Ex*pect"a*ble (?), a. [L. expectabilis.] That may be expected or looked for. Sir T. Browne. Expectance, Expectancy Ex*pect"ance (?), Ex*pect"an*cy (?), n. 1. The act of expecting ; expectation. Milton. 2. That which is expected, or looked or waited for with interest; the object of expectation or hope. The expectancy and rose of the fair state. Shak. Estate in expectancy (Law), one the possession of which a person is entitled to have at some future time, either as a remainder or reversion, or on the death of some one. Burrill. Expectant Ex*pect"ant (?), a. [L.expectans, exspectans, p.pr. of expectare, exspectare: cf. F. expectant.] Waiting in expectation; looking for; (Med.) waiting for the efforts of nature, with little active treatment. Expectant estate (Law), an estate in expectancy. See under Expectancy. Expectant Ex*pect"ant, n. One who waits in expectation; one held in dependence by hope of receiving some good. An expectant of future glory. South. Those who had employments, or were expectants. Swift. Expectation Ex`pec*ta"tion (?) n. [L. expectio. exspectio: cf. F. expectation.] 1. The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen. "In expectation of a guest." Tennyson. My soul, wait thou only upon God, for my expectation is from him. Ps. lxii. 5. 2. That which is expected or looked for. Why our great expectation should be called The seed of woman. Milton. 3. The prospect of the future; grounds upon which something excellent is expected to happen; prospect of anything good to come, esp. of c or rank. His magnificent expiations made him, in the opinion of the world, the best much in Europe. Prescott. By all men's eyes a youth of expectations. Otway. 4. The value of any chance (as the prospect of prize or property) which depends upon some contingent event. Expectations are computed for or against the occurrence of the event. 5. (Med.) The leaving of the disease principally to the efforts of nature to effect a cure. Expectation of life, the mean or average duration of the life individuals after any specified age. Syn. -- Anticipation; confidence; trust. Expectative Ex*pect"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. expectatif.] Constituting an object of expectation; contingent. Expectative grace, a mandate given by the pope or a prince appointing a successor to any benefice before it becomes vacant. Foxe. Expectative Ex*pect"a*tive, n. [F. expectative, fr. expectatif expectant.] Something in expectation; esp., an expectative grace. Milman. Expectedly Ex*pect"ed*ly, adv. In conformity with expectation. [R.] Walpole. Expecter Ex*pect"er (?), n. One who expects. Expectingly Ex*pect"ing*ly, adv. In state of expectation. Expective Ex*pect"ive (?), a. Expectative. [R.] Shipley. Expectorant Ex*pec"to*rant (?), a. [L. expectorans, p. pr. of expectorare to drive from the breast: cf. F. expectorant.] (Med.) Tending to facilitate expectoration or to promote discharges of mucus, etc., from the lungs or throat. -- n. An expectorant medicine. Expectorate Ex*pec"to*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expectorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expectorating (?).] [L. expecrorare to drive from the breast; ex out + pectus, pectiris, breast. See Pectoral.] To eject from the trachea or lungs; to discharge, as phlegm or other matter, by coughing, hawking, and spitting; to spit forth. Expectorate Ex*pec"to*rate, v. i. To discharge matter from the lungs or throat bu hawking and spitting; to spit. Expectoration Ex*pec`to*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. expectoration.] 1. The act of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs, by coughing, hawking, and spitting. 2. That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus. Expectorative Ex*pec"to*ra*tive (?), a. & n. Same as Expectorant. Harvey. Expede Ex*pede" (?) v. t. To expedite; to hasten. [Obs.] Expediate Ex*pe"di*ate (?), v. t. [Cf. F. exp\'82dier. See Expedite.] To hasten; to expedite. [Obs.] "To expediate their business." Sir E. Sandys. Expedience, Expediency Ex*pe"di*ence (?), Ex*pe"di*en*cy (?),, n. 1. The quality of being expedient or advantageous; fitness or suitableness to effect a purpose intended; adaptedness to self-interest; desirableness; advantage; advisability; -- sometimes contradistinguished from moral rectitude. Divine wisdom discovers no expediency in vice. Cogan. To determine concerning the expedience of action. Sharp. Much declamation may be heard in the present day against expediency, as if it were not the proper object of a deliberative assembly, and as if it were only pursued by the unprincipled. Whately. 2. Expedition; haste; dispatch. [Obs.] Making hither with all due expedience. Shak. 3. An expedition; enterprise; adventure. [Obs.] Forwarding this dear expedience. Shak. Expedient Ex*pe"di*ent (?) a. [L. expediens, -entis, p. pr. of expedire to be expedient, release, extricate: cf. F. exp\'82dient. See Expedite.] 1. Hastening or forward; hence, tending to further or promote a proposed object; fit or proper under the circumstances; conducive to self-interest; desirable; advisable; advantageous; -- sometimes contradistinguished from right. It is expedient for you that I go away. John xvi. 7. Nothing but the right can ever be expedient, since that can never be true expediency which would sacrifice a greater good to a less. Whately. 2. Quick; expeditious. [Obs.] His marches are expedient to this town. Shak. Expedient Ex*pe"di*ent, n. 1. That which serves to promote or advance; suitable means to accomplish an end. What sure expedient than shall Juno find, To calm her fears and ease her boding mind? Philips. 2. Means devised in an exigency; shift. Syn. -- Shift; contrivance; resource; substitute. Expediential Ex*pe`di*en"tial (?). Governed by expediency; seeking advantage; as an expediential policy. "Calculating, expediential understanding." Hare. -- Ex*pe`di*en"tial*ly , adv. Expediently Ex*pe"di*ent*ly (?) adv. 1. In an expedient manner; fitly; suitably; conveniently. 2. With expedition; quickly. [Obs.] Expediment Ex*ped"i*ment (?) n. An expedient. [Obs.] A like expediment to remove discontent. Barrow. Expeditate Ex*ped"i*tate (?), v. t. [LL. expeditatus, p. p. of expeditare to expeditate; ex out + pes, pedis, foot.] (Eng. Forest Laws) To deprive of the claws or the balls of the fore feet; as, to expeditate a dog that he may not chase deer. Expedite Ex"pe*dite (?), a. [L. expeditus, p. p. of expedire to free one caught by the foot, to extricate, set free, bring forward, make ready; ex out + pes, prdis, t. See Foot.] 1. Free of impediment; unimpeded. To make the way plain and expedite. Hooker. 2. Expeditious; quick; speedily; prompt. Nimble and expedite . . . in its operation. Tollotson. Speech is a very short and expedite way of conveying their thoughts. Locke. Expedite Ex"pe*dite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expedited (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Expediting (?).] 1. To relieve of impediments; to facilitate; to accelerate the process or progress of; to hasten; to quicken; as, to expedite the growth of plants. To expedite your glorious march. Milton. 2. To despatch; to send forth; to issue officially. Such charters be expedited of course. Bacon. Expeditely Ex"pe*dite`ly (?), adv. In expedite manner; expeditiously. Expediteness Ex"pe*dite`ness, n. Quality of being expedite. Expedition Ex`pe*di"tion (?), n. [L. expeditio: cf.F. exp\'82dition.] 1. The quality of being expedite; efficient promptness; haste; dispatch; speed; quickness; as to carry the mail with expedition. With winged expedition Swift as the lightning glance. 2. A sending forth or setting forth the execution of some object of consequence; progress. Putting it straight in expedition. 3. An important enterprise, implying a change of place; especially, a warlike enterprise; a march or a voyage with martial intentions; an excursion by a body of persons for a valuable end; as, a military, naval, exploring, or scientific expedition; also, the body of persons making such excursion. The expedition miserably failed. Prescott. Narrative of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains. J. C. Fremont. Expeditionary Ex`pe*di"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to an expedition; as, an expeditionary force. Expeditoinist Ex`pe*di"toin*ist, n. One who goes upon an expedition. [R]. Expeditious Ex`pe*di"tious (?), a. Possessed of, or characterized by, expedition, or efficiency and rapidity in action; performed with, or acting with, expedition; quick; having celerity; speedily; as, an expeditious march or messenger. -- Ex`pe*di"tious*ly, adv. -- Ex`pe*di"tious*ness, n. Syn. -- Prompt; ready; speedy; alert. See Prompt. Expeditive Ex*ped"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. exp\'82ditif.] Performing with speed. [Obs.] Bacon. Expel Ex*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expelled (?), p. pr. & vb. n.. Expelling.] [L. expellere, expulsum; ex out + pellere to drive: cf.F. expeller. See Pulse a beat.] 1. To drive or force out from that within which anything is contained, inclosed, or situated; to eject; as to expel air from a bellows. Did not ye . . . expel me out of my father's house? Judg. Xi. 7. 2. To drive away from one's country; to banish. Forewasted all their land, and them expelled. Spenser. . He shell expel them from before you . . . and ye shell possess their land. Josh. xxiii. 5. 3. To cut off from further connection with an institution of learning, a society, and the like; as, to expel a student or member. 4. To keep out, off, or away; to exclude. "To expel the winter's flaw." Shak. 5. To discharge; to shoot. [Obs.] Then he another and another [shaft] did expel. Spenser. . Syn. -- To banish; exile; eject; drive out. See Banish. Expellable Ex*pel"la*ble (?), a. Capable of being expelled or driven out. "Expellable by heat." Kirwan. Expeller Ex*pel"ler (?), n. One who. or that which, expels. Expend Ex*pend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expended; p. pr. & vb. n. Expending.] [L. expendere, expensum, to weigh out, pay out, lay out, lay out; ex out + pendere to weigh. See Poise, and cf. Spend.] To lay out, apply, or employ in any way; to consume by use; to use up or distribute, either in payment or in donations; to spend; as, they expend money for food or in charity; to expend time labor, and thought; to expend hay in feeding cattle, oil in a lamp, water in mechanical operations. If my death might make this island happy . . . I would expend it with all willingness. Shak. Expend Ex*pend", v. i. 1. To be laid out, used, or consumed. 2. To pay out or disburse money. They go elsewhere to enjoy and to expend. Macaulay . Expenitor Ex*pen"i*tor (?), n. [LL.] (O. Eng. Law) A disburser; especially, one of the disbursers of taxes for the repair of sewers. Mozley & W. Expenditure Ex*pend"iture (?), n. 1. The act of expending; a laying out, as of money; disbursement. our expenditure purchased commerce and conquest. Burke. 2. That which is expended or paid out; expense. The receipts and expenditures of this extensive country. A. Hamilton. Expense Ex*pense" (?), n. [L. expensa (sc. pecunia), or expensum, fr. expensus, p. p. of expendere. See Expend.] 1. A spending or consuming; disbursement; expenditure. Husband nature's riches from expense. Shak. 2. That which is expended, laid out, or consumed; cost; outlay; charge; -- sometimes with the notion of loss or damage to those on whom the expense falls; as, the expenses of war; an expense of time. Courting popularity at his party's expense. Brougham. 3. Loss. [Obs.] Shak. And moan the expense of many a vanished sight. Spenser. Expense magazine (Mil.), a small magazine containing ammunition for immediate use. H. L. Scott. Expensefull Ex*pense"full (?), a. Full of expense; costly; chargeable. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. -- Ex*pense"ful*ly, adv. [R.] -- Ex*pense"ful*ness, n. [R.] Expenseless Ex*pense"less, a. Without cost or expense. Expensive Ex*pen"sive (?), a. 1. Occasioning expense; calling for liberal outlay; costly; dear; liberal; as, expensive dress; an expensive house or family. War is expensive, and peace desirable. Burke. 2. Free in expending; very liberal; especially, in a bad scene; extravagant; lavish. [R.] An active, expensive, indefatigable goodness. Sprat. The idle and expensive are dangerous. Sir W. Temple. Syn. -- Costly; dear; high-priced; lavish; extravagant. -- Ex*pen"sive*ly, adv. -- Ex*pen"sive*ness, n. Experience Ex*pe"ri*ence (?), n. [F. exp\'82rience, L. experientia, tr. experiens, , p. pr. of experiri, expertus, to try; ex out + the root of pertus experienced. See Peril, and cf. Expert.] 1. Trial, as a test or experiment. [Obs.] She caused him to make experience Upon wild beasts. Spenser. 2. The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering. "Guided by other's experiences." Shak. I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. P. Henry To most men experience is like the stern lights of a ship, which illumine only the track it has passed. Coleridge. When the consuls . . . came in . . . they knew soon by experience how slenderly guarded against danger the majesty of rulers is where force is wanting. Holland. Those that undertook the religion of our Savior upon his preaching, had no experience of it. Sharp. 3. An act of knowledge, one or more, by which single facts or general truths are ascertained; experimental or inductive knowledge; hence, implying skill, facility, or practical wisdom gained by personal knowledge, feeling or action; as, a king without experience of war. Whence hath the mind all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer in one word, from experience. Locke. Experience may be acquired in two ways; either, first by noticing facts without any attempt to influence the frequency of their occurrence or to vary the circumstances under which they occur; this is observation; or, secondly, by putting in action causes or agents over which we have control, and purposely varying their combinations, and noticing what effects take place; this is experiment. Sir J. Herschel. Exrerience Ex*re"ri*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Experienced (-enst); p. pr. & vb. n. Experiencing (-en-s?ng).] 1. To make practical acquaintance with; to try personally; to prove by use or trial; to have trial of; to have the lot or fortune of; to have befall one; to be affected by; to feel; as, to experience pain or pleasure; to experience poverty; to experience a change of views. The partial failure and disappointment which he had experienced in India. Thirwall. 2. To exercise; to train by practice. The youthful sailors thus with early care Their arms experience, and for sea prepare. Harte. To experience religion (Theol.), to become a convert to the diatribes of Christianity; to yield to the power of religions truth. Experienced Ex*pe"ri*enced (-enst), p. p. & a. Taught by practice or by repeated observations; skillful or wise by means of trials, use, or observation; as, an experienced physician, workman, soldier; an experienced eye. The ablest and most experienced statesmen. Bancroft. Experiencer Ex*pe"ri*en*cer (-en-s?r), n. 1. One who experiences. 2. An experimenter. [Obs.] Sir. K. Gigby. Experient Ex*pe"ri*ent (-ent), a. Experienced. [Obs.] The prince now ripe and full experient. Beau & Fl. Experiential Ex*pe`ri*en"tial (?), a. Derived from, or pertaining to, experience. Coleridge. It is called empirical or experiential . . . because it is divan to us by experience or observation, and not obtained as the result of inference or reasoning. Sir. W. Hamiltion. -- Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ly, adv. DR. H. More. Experientialism Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ism (?), n. (Philos.) The doctrine that experience, either that ourselves or of others, is the test or criterion of general knowledge; -- opposed to intuitionists. Experientialism is in short, a philosophical or logical theory, not a philosophical one. G. C. Robertson. Experientiallist Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*list, n. One who accepts the doctrine of experientialism. Also used adjectively. Experiment Ex*per"i*ment (?), n. [L. experimentum, fr. experiri to try: cf. OF. esperiment, experiment. See Experience.] 1. Atrial or special observation, made to confirm or disprove something doubtful; esp., one under conditions determined by the experimenter; an act or operation undertaken in order to discover some unknown principle or effect, or to test, establish, or illustrate some suggest or known truth; practical test; poof. A political experiment can not be made in a laboratory, not determinant in a few hours. J. Adams. 2. Experience. [Obs.] Adam, by sad experiment I know How little weight my words with thee can find. Milton. Experiment Ex*per"i*ment (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Experimented; p. pr. & vb. n. Experinenting.] To make experiment; to operate by test or trial; -- often with on, upon, or in, referring to the subject of an experiment; with, referring to the instrument; and by, referring to the means; as, to experiment upon electricity; he experimented in plowing with ponies, or by steam power. Experiment Ex*per"i*ment, v.t, To try; to know, perceive, or prove, by trial experience. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert. Experimental Ex*per`i*men"tal (?), a. [Cf.F. exp\'82rimental.] 1. Pertaining to experiment; founded on, or derived from, experiment or trial; as, experimental science; given to, or skilled in, experiment; as, an experimental philosopher. 2. Known by, or derived from, experience; as, experimental religion. Experimetalist Ex*per`i*me"tal*ist, n. One who makes experiments; an experimenter. Whaterly. Experimentalize Ex*per`i*men"tal*ize (?), v. i. To make experiments (upon); to experiment. J. S. Mill. Experimentally Ex*per`i*men"tal*ly (?), adv. By experiment; by experience or trial. J. S. Mill. Experimentarian Ex*per`i*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Relying on experiment or experience. "an experimentarian philosopher." Boyle. -- n. One who relies on experiment or experience. [Obs.] Experimentation Ex*per`i*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act of experimenting; practice by experiment. J. S. Mill. ______________________________________________________________ Page 528 Ex-peri-mentative Ex-per`i-men"ta*tive (?), a. Experimental; of the nature of experiment. [R.] Experimentator Ex*per"i*men*ta`tor (?), n. [LL.] An experimenter. [R.] Experimenter Ex*per"i*men`ter (?), n. One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments. Faraday. Experimentist Ex*per"i*men`tist (?), n. An experimenter. Experrection Ex`per*rec"tion (?), n. [L. expergisci, p. p. experrectus, to rose up; ex out + pergere to wake up.] A waking up or arousing. [Obs.] Holland Expert Ex*pert" (?), a. [F. expert, L. expertus, p. p. of experiri to try. See Experience.] Taught by use, practice, or experience, experienced; having facility of operation or performance from practice; knowing and ready from much practice; clever; skillful; as, an expert surgeon; expert in chess or archery. A valiant and most expert gentleman. Shak. What practice, howsoe'er expert In fitting aptest words to things . . . Hath power to give thee as thou wert? Tennison. Syn. -- Adroit; dexterous; clever; ready; prompt. Expert Ex"pert (?), n. 1. An expert or experienced person; one instructed by experience; one who has skill, experience, or extensive knowledge in his calling or in any special branch of learning. 2. (Law) (a) A specialist in a particular profession or department of science requiring for its mastery peculiar culture and erudition. NOTE: &hand; Su ch sp ecialists ma y be witnesses in matters as to which ordinary observers could not without such aid form just conclusions, and are liable for negligence in case they injure another from want of proper qualifications or proper care in the exercise of their specialty. (b) A sworn appraiser. Expert Ex*pert" (?), v. t. To experience. [Obs.] Die would we daily, once it to expert. Spencer. Expertly Ex*pert"ly, adv. In a skillful or dexterous manner; adroitly; with readiness and accuracy. Expertness Ex*pert"ness, n. Skill derived from practice; readiness; as, expertness in seamanship, or in reasoning. Syn. -- Facility; readiness; dexterity; adroitness; skill. See Facility. Expetible Ex*pet"ible (?), a. [L., expetibilis, fr. expetere to wish for; ex out + petere to seek.] Worthy of being wished for; desirable. [Obs.] Puller. Expiable Ex"pi*a*ble (?), a. [See Expiate.] Capable of being expiated or atoned for; as, an expiable offense; expiable guilt. Bp. Hall. Expiate Ex"pi*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expiated(?);p. pr. & vb. n. Expiating(?).] [L. expiatus, p.p. of expiare to expiate; ex out + piare to seek to appease, to purify with sacred rites, fr. pius pious. See Pious.] 1. To extinguish the guilt of by sufferance of penalty or some equivalent; to make complete satisfaction for; to atone for; to make amends for; to make expiation for; as, to expiate a crime, a guilt, or sin. To expiate his treason, hath naught left. Milton. The Treasurer obliged himself to expiate the injury. Clarendon. 2. To purify with sacred rites. [Obs.] Neither let there be found among you any one that shall expiate his son or daughter, making them to pass through the fire. Deut. xviii. 10 (Douay version) Expiate Ex"pi*ate (?), a. [L. expiatus,p.p] Terminated. [Obs.] Shak. Expiation Ex`pi*a"tion (?), n. [L. expiatio: cf.F. expiation] 1. The act of making satisfaction or atonement for any crime or fault; the extinguishing of guilt by suffering or penalty. His liberality seemed to have something in it of self-abasement and expiation. W. Irving. 2. The means by which reparation or atonement for crimes or sins is made; an expiatory sacrifice or offering; an atonement. Those shadowy expiations weak, The blood of bulls and goats. Milton. 3. An act by which the treats of prodigies were averted among the ancient heathen. [Obs.] Hayward. Expiatist Ex"pi*a*tist (?), n. An expiator. [R.] Expiator Ex"pi*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who makes expiation or atonement. Expiatorious Ex`pi*a*to"ri*ous (?), a. Of an expiatory nature; expiatory. Jer. Taylor. Expiatory Ex"pi*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. expiatorius: cf. F. expiatoire.] Having power, or intended, to make expiation; atoning; as, an expiatory sacrifice. Expilation Ex`pi*la"tion (?), n. [L. expiatio.] The act of expilating or stripping off; plunder; pillage. [Obs.] This ravenous expiation of the state. Daniel. Expilator Ex"pi*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who pillages; a plunderer; a pillager. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Expirable Ex*pir"a*ble (?), a. That may expire; capable of being brought to an end. Expirant Ex*pir"ant (?), n. One who expires or is expiring. Expiration Ex`pi*ra"tion (?), n. [L. expiratio,exspiratio: cf. F. expiration. See Expire.] 1. The act of expiring; as: (a)(Physiol.) The act or process of breathing out, or forcing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth; as, respiration consists of inspiration and expiration; -- opposed to inspiration. (b) Emission of volatile matter; exhalation. The true cause of cold is an expiration from the globe of the earth. Bacon. (c) The last emission of breath; death. "The groan of expiration." Rambler. (d) A coming to a close; cessation; extinction; termination; end. Before the expiration of thy time. Shak. 2. That which is expired; matter breathed forth; that which is produced by breathing out, as a sound. The aspirate "he," which is . . . a gentle expiration. G. Sharp. Expiratory Ex*pir"a*to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or employed in, the expiration or emission of air from the lungs; as, the expiratory muscles. Expire Ex*pire" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expired (?);p. pr & vb. n. Expiring.] [L. expirare, exspirare, expiratum, exspiratum; ex out + spirare to breathe: cf. F. expirer. See Spirit.] 1. To breathe out; to emit from the lungs; to throw out from the mouth or nostrils in the process of respiration; -- opposed to inspire. Anatomy exhibits the lungs in a continual motion of inspiring and expiring air. Harvey. This chafed the boar; his nostrils flames expire. Dryden. 2. To give forth insensibly or gently, as a fluid or vapor; to emit in minute particles; to exhale; as, the earth expires a damp vapor; plants expire odors. The expiring of cold out of the inward parts of the earth in winter. Bacon. 3. To emit; to give out. [Obs.] Dryden. 4. To bring to a close; to terminate. [Obs.] Expire the term Of a despised life. Shak. Expire Ex*pire", v. i. 1. To emit the breath. 2. To emit the last breath; to breathe out the life; to die; as, to expire calmly; to expire in agony. 3. To come to an end; to cease; to terminate; to perish; to become extinct; as, the flame expired; his lease expires to-day; the month expired on Saturday. 4. To burst forth; to fly out with a blast. [Obs.] "The ponderous ball expires." Dryden. Expiring Ex*pir"ing (?), a. 1. Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating. 2. Pertaining to, or uttered at, the time of dying; as, expiring words; expiring groans. Expiry Ex"pi*ry (?), n. Expiration. He had to leave at the expiry of the term. Lamb. The Parliament . . . now approaching the expiry of its legal term. J. Morley. Expiscate Ex*pis"cate (?), v. t. [L. expiscatus, p.p. of expiscari to fish out; ex out+piscari to fish, piscis fish.] To fish out; to find out by skill or laborious investigation; to search out. "To expiscate principles." [R.] Nichol. Dr.Burton has with much ingenuity endeavord to expiscate the truth which may be involved in them. W. L. Alexander. Expiscation Ex`pis*ca"tion (?), n. The act of expiscating; a fishing. [R.] Chapman. Expiscatory Ex*pis"ca*to*ry (?), a. Tending to fish out; searching out [R.] Carlyle. Explain Ex*plain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explained(?);p. pr. & vb. n. Explaining.] [L. explandare to flatten, spread out, explain; ex out+plandare to make level or plain, planus plain: cf. OF. esplaner, explaner. See Plain,a., and cf. Esplanade.] 1. To flatten; to spread out; to unfold; to expand. [Obs.] The horse-chestnut is . . . ready to explain its leaf. Evelyn. 2. To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of obscurity; to expound; to unfold and illustrate the meaning of; as, to explain a chapter of the Bible. Commentators to explain the difficult passages to you. Gay. To explain away , to get rid of by explanation. "Those explain the meaning quite "away." Pope. Syn. -- To expound; interpret; elucidate; clear up. Explain Ex*plain", v. i. To give an explanation. Explainable Ex*plain"a*ble (?), a. [L. explainabilis.] Capable of being explained or made plain to the understanding; capable of being interpreted. Sir. T. Browne. Explainer Ex*plain"er (?), n. One who explains; an expounder or expositor; a commentator; an interpreter. Explanate Ex"pla*nate, a. [L. explanatus, p.p. of explanare. See Explain.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Spreading or extending outwardly in a flat form. Explanation Ex`pla*na"tion (?), n. [L. explanatio: cf. OF. esplanation.] 1. The act of explaining, expounding, or interpreting; the act of clearing from obscurity and making intelligible; as, the explanation of a passage in Scripture, or of a contract or treaty. 2. That which explains or makes clear; as, a satisfactory explanation. 3. The meaning attributed to anything by one who explains it; definition; inerpretation; sense. Different explanations [of the Trinity]. Bp. Burnet. 4. A mutual exposition of terms, meaning, or motives, with a view to adjust a misunderstanding, and reconcile differences; reconciliation; agreement; as, to come to an explanation. Syn. -- Definition; description; explication; exposition; interpretation; detail. See Definition. Explanative Ex*plan"a*tive (?), a. Explanatory. Explanatoriness Ex*plan"a*to*ri*ness (?), n. The quality of being explanatory. Explanatory Ex*plan"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. explanatorius.] Serving to explain; containing explanation; as explanatory notes. Swift. Explat, Explate Ex*plat" (?), Ex*plate" (?), v. t. [Pref. ex-+plat or plait.] To explain; to unfold. [Obs.] Like Solon's self explatest the knotty laws. B. Jonson. Expletion Ex*ple"tion (?), n. [L. expletio a satisfying. See Expletive.] Accomplishment; fulfillment. [Obs.] Killingbeck. Expletive Ex"ple*tive (?), a. [L. expletivus, from expletus, p.p. of explere to fill up; ex out+plere to fill, akin to plenus full: cf. F. expl\'82tif. See Full.] Filling up; hence, added merely for the purpose of filling up; superfluous. "Expletive imagery." Hallam. Expletive phrases to plump his speech. Barrow. Expletive Ex"ple*tive, n. A word, letter, or syllable not necessary to the sense, but inserted to fill a vacancy; an oath. While explectives their feeble aid to join, And ten low words oft creep in one dull line. Pope. Expletively Ex"ple*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of an expletive. Expletory Ex"ple*to*ry (?), a. Serving to fill up; expletive; superfluous; as, an expletory word. Bp. Burnet. Explicable Ex"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [L. explicabilis: cf. F. explicable.] Capable of being explicated; that may be explained or accounted for; admitting explanation. It is not explicable upon any grounds. Burke. Explicableness Ex"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. Quality of being explicable. Explicate Ex"pli*cate (?), a. [L. explicatus, p.p. of explicare.] Evolved; unfolded. Jer. Taylor. Explicate Ex"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explicated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Explicating(?).] 1. To unfold; to expand; to lay open. [Obs.] "They explicate the leaves." Blackmore. 2. To unfold the meaning or sense of; to explain; to clear of difficulties or obscurity; to interpret. The last verse of his last satire is not yet sufficiently explicated. Dryden. Explication Ex`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. explicatio: cf. F. explication.] 1. The act of opening, unfolding, or explaining; explanation; exposition; interpretation. The explication of our Savior's parables. Atterbury. 2. The sense given by an expositor. Bp. Burnet. Explicative Ex"pli*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. explicatif.] Serving to unfold or explain; tending to lay open to the understanding; explanatory. Sir W. Hamilton. Explicator Ex"pli*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who unfolds or explains; an expounder; an explainer. Explicatory Ex"pli*ca`to*ry (?), a. Explicative. Barrow. Explicit Ex"pli*cit (?). [LL., an abbreviation of explicitus (est liber) the book (which anciently was a roll of parchment) is unfolded (and, of course, "finished"). See Explicit, a.] A word formerly used (as finis is now) at the conclusion of a book to indicate the end. Explicit Ex*plic"it (?), a. [L. explicitus; p.p. of explicare to unfold: cf. F. explicite. See Explicate, Exploit.] 1. Not implied merely, or conveyed by implication; distinctly stated; plain in language; open to the understanding; clear; not obscure or ambiguous; express; unequivocal; as, an explicit declaration. The language of the charter was too explicit to admit of a doubt. Bancroft. 2. Having no disguised meaning or reservation; unreserved; outspoken; -- applied to persons; as, he was earnest and explicit in his statement. Explicit function. (Math.) See under Function. Syn. -- Express; clear; plain; open; unreserved; unambiguous. -- Explicit, Express. Explicit denotes a setting forth in the plainest, language, so that the meaning can not be misunderstood; as, an explicit promise. Express is stronger than explicit: it adds force to clearness. An express promise or engagement is not only unambiguous, but stands out in bold relief, with the most binding hold on the conscience. An explicit statement; a clear and explicit notion; explicit direction; no words can be more explicit. An explicit command; an express prohibition. "An express declaration goes forcibly and directly to the point. An explicit declaration leaves nothing ambiguous." C. J. Smith. Explicitly Ex*plic"it*ly (?), adv. In an explicit manner; clearly; plainly; without disguise or reservation of meaning; not by inference or implication; as, he explicitly avows his intention. Explicitness Ex*plic"it*ness, n. The quality of being explicit; clearness; directness. Jer. Taylor. Explode Ex*plode" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exploded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exploding.] [L. explodere, explosum, to drive out, drive out a player by clapping; ex out+plaudere, plodere, to clap, strike, applaud: cf. OF. exploder. See Plausible.] 1. To become suddenly expanded into a great volume of gas or vapor; to burst violently into flame; as gunpowder explodes. 2. To burst with force and a loud report; to detonate, as a shell filled with powder or the like material, or as a boiler from too great pressure of steam. 3. To burst forth with sudden violence and noise; as, at this, his wrath exploded. Explode Ex*plode", v. t. 1. To drive from the stage by noisy expressions of disapprobation; to hoot off; to drive away or reject noisily; as, to explode a play. [Obs.] Him old and young Exploded, and seized with violent hands. Milton. 2. To bring into disrepute, and reject; to drive from notice and acceptance; as, to explode a scheme, fashion, or doctrine. Old exploded contrivances of mercantile fraud. Burke. To explode and exterminate dark atheism. Bently. 3. To cause to explode or burst noisily; to detonate; as, to explode powder by touching it with fire. 4. To drive out with violence and noise, as by powder. But late the kindled powder did explode The massy ball and the brass tube unload. Blackmore. Explodent Ex*plod"ent (?), n. 1. An instrument or agent causing explosion; an exploder; also, an explosive. 2. See Explosive, n., 2. Exploder Ex*plod"er (?), n. 1. One who or that which explodes. 2. One who rejects an opinion or scheme with open contempt. South. Exploit Ex*ploit" (?), n. [OE. esploit success, OF. esploit, espleit,revenue, product, vigor, force, exploit, F. exploit exploit, fr. L. explicitum, prop. p.p. neut. of explicare to unfold, display, exhibit; ex+plicare to fold. See Ply, and cf. Explicit, Explicate.] 1. A deed or act; especially, a heroic act; a deed of renown; an adventurous or noble achievement; as, the exploits of Alexander the Great. Ripe for exploits and mighty enterprises. Shak. 2. Combat; war. [Obs.] He made haste to exploit some warlike service. Holland. 2. [F. exploiter.] To utilize; to make available; to get the value or usefulness out of; as, to exploit a mine or agricultural lands; to exploit public opinion. [Recent] _________________________________________________________________ Page 529 3. Hence: To draw an illegitimate profit from; to speculate on; to put upon. [Recent] In no sense whatever does a man who accumulates a fortune by legitimate industry exploit his employ\'82s or make his capital "out of" anybody else. W. G. Sumner. Exploitation Ex`ploi*ta"tion (?), n. [F.] The act of exploiting or utilizing. J. D. Whitney. Exploiture Ex*ploi"ture (?; 135), n. 1. The act of exploiting or accomplishing; achievement. [Obs.] Udall. 2. Exploitation. Harper's Mag. Explorable Ex*plor"a*ble (?), a. That may be explored; as, an explorable region. Explorate Ex*plo"rate (?), v. t. [L. explorare, exploratum.] To explore. [Obs.] Sir. T. Browne. Exploration Ex`plo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exploratio: cf. F. exploration.] The act of exploring, penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of discovery, especially of geographical discovery; examination; as, the exploration of unknown countries; (Med.) physical examination. "An exploration of doctrine." Bp. Hall. Explorative Ex*plor"a*tive (?), a. Exploratory. Explorator Ex"plo*ra`tor (?), n. [L.] One who explores; one who examines closely; a searcher. Exploratory Ex*plor"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. exploratorius.] Serving or intended to explore; searching; examining; explorative. Sir H. Wotton. Explore Ex*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explored(?);p. pr. & vb. n. Exploring.] [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. flow: cf. F. explorer.] 1. To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look wisely and carefully for. [Obs.] Explores the lost, the wandering sheep directs. Pope. 2. To search through or into; to penetrate or range over for discovery; to examine thoroughly; as, to explore new countries or seas; to explore the depths of science. "Hidden frauds [to] explore." Dryden. Explorement Ex*plore"ment, n. The act of exploring; exploration. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Explorer Ex*plor"er (?), n. One who explores; also, an apparatus with which one explores, as a diving bell. Eploring Eplor"ing, a. Employed in, or designed for, exploration. "Exploring parties." Bancroft. Explosion Ex*plo"sion (?), n. [L. explosio a driving off by clapping: cf. F. explosion explosion. See Explode.] 1. The act of exploding; detonation; a chemical action which causes the sudden formation of a great volume of expanded gas; as, the explosion of gunpowder, of fire damp,etc. 2. A bursting with violence and loud noise, because of internal pressure; as, the explosion of a gun, a bomb, a steam boiler, etc. 3. A violent outburst of feeling, manifested by excited language, action, etc.; as, an explosion of wrath. A formidable explosion of high-church fanaticism. Macaulay. Explosive Ex*plo"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. explosif.] Driving or bursting out with violence and noise; causing explosion; as, the explosive force of gunpowder. Explosive Ex*plo"sive, n. 1. An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a rapid chemical reaction, as gunpowder, or nitro-glycerine. 2. A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath; (Phonetics) one of consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, which are sounded with a sort of explosive power of voice. NOTE: [See Guide to Pronunciation, &root; 155-7, 184.] Explosively Ex*plo"sive*ly, adv. In an explosive manner. Expoliation Ex*po`li*a"tion (?), n. See Exspoliation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Expolish Ex*pol"ish (?), v. t. [Cf. L. expolire. See Polish.] To polish thoroughly. [Obs.] Heywood. Expone Ex*pone" (?), v. t. [OE. exponen. See Expound.] To expound; to explain; also, to expose; to imperil. [Old Eng. & Scotch] Drummond. Exponent Ex*po"nent (?), n. [L. exponens, -entis, p. pr. of exponere to put out, set forth, expose. See Expound.] 1. (Alg.) A number, letter, or any quantity written on the right hand of and above another quantity, and denoting how many times the latter is repeated as a factor to produce the power indicated; NOTE: thus a2 denotes the second power, and an the xth power, of a (2 and x being the exponents). A fractional exponent, or index, is used to denote the root of a quantity. Thus, a denotes the third or cube root of a. 2. One who, or that which, stands as an index or representative; as, the leader of a party is the exponent of its principles. Exponent of a ratio, the quotient arising when the antecedent is divided by the consequent; thus, 6 is the exponent of the ratio of 30 to 5. [R.] Exponential Ex`po*nen"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. exponentiel.] Pertaining to exponents; involving variable exponents; as, an exponential expression; exponential calculus; an exponential function. Exponential curve, a curve whose nature is defined by means of an exponential equation. -- Exponential equation, an equation which contains an exponential quantity, or in which the unknown quantity enters as an exponent. -- Exponential quantity (Math.), a quantity whose exponent is unknown or variable, as ax. -- Exponential series, a series derived from the development of exponential equations or quantities. Export Ex*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exported; p. pr. & vb. n. Exporting.] [L. exportare, exportatum; ex out+portare to carry : cf. F. exporter. See Port demeanor.] 1. To carry away; to remove. [Obs.] [They] export honor from a man, and make him a return in envy. Bacon. 2. To carry or send abroad, or out of a country, especially to foreign countries, as merchandise or commodities in the way of commerce; -- the opposite of import; as, to export grain, cotton, cattle, goods, etc. Export Ex"port (?), n. 1. The act of exporting; exportation; as, to prohibit the export of wheat or tobacco. 2. That which is exported; a commodity conveyed from one country or State to another in the way of traffic; -- used chiefly in the plural, exports. The ordinary course of exchange . . . between two places must likewise be an indication of the ordinary course of their exports and imports. A. Smith. Exportability Ex*port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being suitable for exportation. To increase the exportability of native goods. J. P. Peters. Exportable Ex*port"a*ble (?), a. Suitable for exportation; as, exportable products. Exportation Ex`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exportatio: cf. F. exporation.] 1. The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce. 2. Commodity exported; an export. 3. The act of carrying out. [R.] Bourne. Exporter Ex*port"er (?), n. One who exports; the person who sends goods or commodities to a foreign country, in the way of commerce; -- opposed to importer. Exposal Ex*pos"al (?), n. Exposure. Swift. Expose Ex*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exposed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exposing.] [F. exposer; pref. ex- (L. ex out)+poser to place. See Pose, v. t.] 1. To set forth; to set out to public view; to exhibit; to show; to display; as, to expose goods for sale; to expose pictures to public inspection. Those who seek truth only, freely expose their principles to the test, and are pleased to have them examined. Locke. 2. To lay bare; to lay open to attack, danger, or anything objectionable; to render accessible to anything which may affect, especially detrimentally; to make liable; as, to expose one's self to the heat of the sun, or to cold, insult, danger, or ridicule; to expose an army to destruction or defeat. Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel. Shak. 3. To deprive of concealment; to discover; to lay open to public inspection, or bring to public notice, as a thing that shuns publicity, something criminal, shameful, or the like; as, to expose the faults of a neighbor. You only expose the follies of men, without arraigning their vices. Dryden. 4. To disclose the faults or reprehensible practices of; to lay open to general condemnation or contempt by making public the character or arts of; as, to expose a cheat, liar, or hypocrite. Expos\'82 Ex`po`s\'82" (?), n. [F., prop.p.p. of exposer. See Expose, v. t.] A formal recital or exposition of facts; exposure, or revelation, of something which some one wished to keep concealed. Exposedness Ex*pos"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being exposed, laid open, or unprotected; as, an exposedness to sin or temptation. Exposer Ex*pos"er (?), n. One who exposes or discloses. Exposition Ex`po*si"tion (?), n. [L. expositio, fr. exponere, expositum: cf. F. exposition. See Expound.] 1. The act of exposing or laying open; a setting out or displaying to public view. 2. The act of expounding or of laying open the sense or meaning of an author, or a passage; explanation; interpretation; the sense put upon a passage; a law, or the like, by an interpreter; hence, a work containing explanations or interpretations; a commentary. You know the law; your exposition Hath been most sound. Shak. 3. Situation or position with reference to direction of view or accessibility to influence of sun, wind, etc.; exposure; as, an easterly exposition; an exposition to the sun. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. 4. A public exhibition or show, as of industrial and artistic productions; as, the Paris Exposition of 1878. [A Gallicism] Expositive Ex*pos"i*tive (?), a. Serving to explain; expository. Bp. Pearson. Expositor Ex*pos"i*tor (?), n. [L. See Expound.] One who, or that which, expounds or explains; an expounder; a commentator. Bp. Horsley. Expository Ex*pos"i*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, exposition; serving to explain; explanatory; illustrative; exegetical. A glossary or expository index to the poetical writers. Johnson. Expost facto, OR Expostfacto Ex"post` fac"to, OR Ex"post`fac"to (?). [L., from what is done afterwards.] (Law) From or by an after act, or thing done afterward; in consequence of a subsequent act; retrospective. Ex post facto law, a law which operates by after enactment. The phrase is popularly applied to any law, civil or criminal, which is enacted with a retrospective effect, and with intention to produce that effect; but in its true application, as employed in American law, it relates only to crimes, and signifies a law which retroacts, by way of criminal punishment, upon that which was not a crime before its passage, or which raises the grade of an offense, or renders an act punishable in a more severe manner that it was when committed. Ex post facto laws are held to be contrary to the fundamental principles of a free government, and the States are prohibited from passing such laws by the Constitution of the United States. Burrill. Kent. Expostulate Ex*pos"tu*late (?; 135), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Expostulated(?);p. pr. & vb. n. Expostulating.] [L. expostulatus, p.p. of expostulare to demand vehemently; ex out + postulare to ask, require. See Postulate.] To reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of his conduct, representing the wrong he has done or intends, and urging him to make redress or to desist; to remonstrate; -- followed by with. Men expostulate with erring friends; they bring accusations against enemies who have done them a wrong. Jowett (Thuc. ). Syn. -- To remonstrate; reason. See Remonstrate. Expostulate Ex*pos"tu*late, v. t. To discuss; to examine. [Obs.] To expostulate What majesty should be, what duty is. Shak. Expostulation Ex*pos`tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. expostulatio.] The act of expostulating or reasoning with a person in opposition to some impropriety of conduct; remonstrance; earnest and kindly protest; dissuasion. We must use expostulation kindly. Shak. Expostulator Ex*pos"tu*la`tor (?;135), n. One who expostulates. Lamb. Expostulatory Ex*pos"tu*la*to*ry (?), a. Containing expostulation or remonstrance; as, an expostulatory discourse or letter. Exposture Ex*pos"ture (?;135), n. [Cf. Imposture.] Exposure. [Obs.] Shak. Exposure Ex*po"sure (?;135), n. [From Expose.] 1. The act of exposing or laying open, setting forth, laying bare of protection, depriving of care or concealment, or setting out to reprobation or contempt. The exposure of Fuller . . . put an end to the practices of that vile tribe. Macaulay. 2. The state of being exposed or laid open or bare; openness to danger; accessibility to anything that may affect, especially detrimentally; as, exposure to observation, to cold to inconvenience. When we have our naked frailties hid, That suffer in exposure. Shak. 3. Position as to points of compass, or to influences of climate, etc. "Under a southern exposure. Evelyn. The best exposure of the two for woodcocks. Sir. W. Scott. 4. (Photog.) The exposing of a sensitized plate to the action of light. Expound Ex*pound" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Expounding.] [OE. exponen, expounen, expounden, fr. L. exponere to set out, expose, expound; ex out + ponere to put: cf. OE. expondre, expondre. See Position.] 1. To lay open; to expose to view; to examine. [Obs.] He expounded both his pockets. Hudibras. 2. To lay open the meaning of; to explain; to clear of obscurity; to interpret; as, to expound a text of Scripture, a law, a word, a meaning, or a riddle. Expound this matter more fully to me. Bunyan. Expounder Ex*pound"er (?), n. One who expounds or explains; an interpreter. Express Ex*press" (?), a. [F. expr\'8as, L. expressus, p.p. of exprimere to express; ex. out + premere To press. See Press.] 1. Exactly representing; exact. Their human countenance The express resemblance of the gods. Milton. 2. Directly and distinctly stated; declared in terms; not implied or left to inference; made unambiguous by intention and care; clear; not dubious; as, express consent; an express statement. I have express commandment. Shak. 3. Intended for a particular purpose; relating to an express; sent on a particular errand; dispatched with special speed; as, an express messenger or train. Also used adverbially. A messenger sent express from the other world. Atterbury. Express color. (Law) See the Note under Color, n., 8. Syn. -- Explicit; clear; unambiguous. See Explicit. Express Ex*press", n. [Cf. F. expr\'8as a messenger.] 1. A clear image or representation; an expression; a plain declaration. [Obs.] The only remanent express of Christ's sacrifice on earth. Jer. Taylor. 2. A messenger sent on a special errand; a courier; hence, a regular and fast conveyance; commonly, a company or system for the prompt and safe transportation of merchandise or parcels; also, a railway train for transporting passengers or goods with speed and punctuality. 3. An express office. She charged him . . . to ask at the express if anything came up from town. E. E. Hale. 4. That which is sent by an express messenger or message. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike. Express office, an office where packages for an express are received or delivered. Express Ex*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expressed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expressing.] [Cf. OF. espresser, expresser, L. exprimere, expressum. See Express,a.; cf. Sprain.] 1. To press or squeeze out; as, to express the juice of grapes, or of apples; hence, to extort; to elicit. All the fruits out of which drink is expressed. Bacon. And th'idle breath all utterly expressed. Spenser. Halters and racks can not express from thee More than by deeds. B. Jonson. 2. To make or offer a representation of; to show by a copy or likeness; to represent; to resemble. Each skillful artist shall express thy form. E. Smith. So kids and whelps their sires and dams express. Dryden. 3. To give a true impression of; to represent and make known; to manifest plainly; to show in general; to exhibit, as an opinion or feeling, by a look, gesture, and esp. by language; to declare; to utter; to tell. My words express my purpose. Shak. They expressed in their lives those excellent doctrines of morality. Addison. 4. To make known the opinions or feelings of; to declare what is in the mind of; to show (one's self); to cause to appear; -- used reflexively. Mr. Phillips did express with much indignation against me, one evening. Pope. 5. To denote; to designate. Moses and Aaron took these men, which are expressed by their names. Num. i. 17. 6. To send by express messenger; to forward by special opportunity, or through the medium of an express; as, to express a package. Syn. -- To declare; utter; signify; testify; intimate. Expressage Ex*press"age (?;48), n. The charge for carrying a parcel by express. Expressible Ex*press"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being expressed, squeezed out, shown, represented, or uttered. -- Express"i*bly,adv. Expression Ex*pres"sion (?), n. [L. expressio. cf. F. expression.] 1. The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure; as, the expression of juices or oils; also, of extorting or eliciting; as, a forcible expression of truth. 2. The act of declaring or signifying; declaration; utterance; as, an expression of the public will. With this tone of philosophy were mingled expressions of sympathy. Prescott. 3. Lively or vivid representation of meaning, sentiment, or feeling, etc.; significant and impressive indication, whether by language, appearance, or gesture; that manner or style which gives life and suggestive force to ideas and sentiments; as, he reads with expression; her performance on the piano has expression. The imitators of Shakespeare, fixing their attention on his wonderful power of expression, have directed their imitation to this. M. Arnold. 4. That which is expressed by a countenance, a posture, a work of art, etc.; look, as indicative of thought or feeling. "The expression of an eye." Tennyson. It still wore the majesty of expression so conspicuous in his portraits by the inimitable pencil of Titian. Prescott. 5. A form of words in which an idea or sentiment is conveyed; a mode of speech; a phrase; as, a common expression; an odd expression. 6. (Math.) The representation of any quantity by its appropriate characters or signs. Past expression, Beyond expression, beyond the power of description. "Beyond expression bright." Milton. Expressional Ex*pres"sion*al (?), a. Of, or relating to, expression; phraseological; also, vividly representing or suggesting an idea sentiment. Fized. Hall. Ruskin. Expressionless Ex*pres"sion*less, a. Destitute of expression. Expressive Ex*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. expressif.] 1. Serving to express, utter, or represent; indicative; communicative; -- followed by of; as, words expressive of his gratitude. Each verse so swells expressive of her woes. Tickell. 2. Full of expression; vividly representing the meaning or feeling meant to be conveyed; significant; emphatic; as, expressive looks or words. You have restrained yourself within the list of too cold an adieu; be more expressive to them. Shak. Through her expressive eyes her soul distinctly spoke. Littelton. -- Ex*press"ive*ly,adv. -- Ex*press"ive*ness,n. Expressly Ex*press"ly, adv. In an express manner; in direct terms; with distinct purpose; particularly; as, a book written expressly for the young. The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel. Ezek. i. 3. I am sent expressly to your lordship. Shak. Expressman Ex*press"man (?), n.; pl. Expressmen (. A person employed in the express business; also, the driver of a job wagon. W. D. Howells. Expressness Ex*press"ness, n. The state or quality of being express; definiteness. [Obs.] Hammond. Expressure Ex*pres"sure (?;135), n. The act of expressing; expression; utterance; representation. [Obs.] An operation more divine Than breath or pen can give expressure to. Shak. Exprobrate Ex"pro*brate (?), v. t. [L. exprobratus, p.p. of exprobrare; ex out + probrum a shameful or disgraceful act.] To charge upon with reproach; to upbraid. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Exprobration Ex`pro*bra"tion (?), n. [L. exprobration: cf. F. exprobration.] Reproachful accusation; upbraiding. [Obs.] A fearful exprobration of our unworthiness. Jer. Taylor. Exprobrative, Exprobratory Ex*pro"bra*tive (?), Ex*pro"bra*to*ry (?), a. Expressing reproach; upbraiding; reproachful. [R.] Sir A. Shirley. Expropriate Ex*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. [L. ex out, from + proprius one's own: cf. F. exproprier.] To put out of one's possession; to surrender the ownership of; also, to deprive of possession or proprietary rights. Boyle. Expropriate these [bad landlords] as the monks were expropriated by Act of Parliament. M. Arnold. Expropriation Ex*pro`pri*a"tion, n. [Cf. F. expropriation.] The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to exclusive property; the act of depriving of ownership or proprietary rights. W. Montagu. The expropriation of bad landlords. M. Arnold. Expugn Ex*pugn" (?), v. t. [L. expugnare; ex out + pugnare to fight, pugna fight. Cf. Impugn.] To take by assault; to storm; to overcome; to vanquish; as, to expugn cities; to expugn a person by arguments. Expugnable Ex*pug"nable (?), a. [L. Expugnabilis.] Capable of being expugnded. Expugnation Ex`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. expugnatio.] The act of taking by assault; conquest. [R.] Sandys. Expugner Ex*pugn"er (?), n. One who expugns. Expulse Ex*pulse" (?), v. t. [F. expulser or L. expulsare, intens. fr. expellere. See Expel.] To drive out; to expel. [Obs.] If charity be thus excluded and expulsed. Milton. Expulser Ex*puls"er (?), n. An expeller. [Obs.] Cotgrave. Expulsion Ex*pul"sion (?), n. [L. expulsio, fr. expellere: cf. F. expulsion. See Expel.] 1. The act of expelling; a driving or forcing out; summary removal from membership, association, etc. The expulsion of the Tarquins. Shak. 2. The state of being expelled or driven out. Expulsive Ex*pul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. expulsif.] Having the power of driving out or away; serving to expel. The expulsive power of a new affection. Chalmers. Expunction Ex*punc"tion (?), n. [L. expunctio execution, performance, from expungere. See Expunge.] The act of expunging or erasing; the condition of being expunged. Milton. Expunge Ex*punge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expunged(?);p. pr. & vb. n. Expunging(?).] [L. expungere, expunctum, prick out, expunge, settle an account, execute; ex out + pungere to prick, puncture. See Pungent.] 1. To blot out, as with pen; to rub out; to efface designedly; to obliterate; to strike out wholly; as, to expunge words, lines, or sentences. 2. To strike out; to wipe out or destroy; to annihilate; as, to expugne an offense. Sandys. Expugne the whole, or lop th' excrescent parts. Pope. Syn. -- To efface; erase; obliterate; strike out; destroy; annihilate; cancel. Expurgate Ex"pur*gate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expurgated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expurgating(?).] [L. expurgatus, p.p. of expurgare to purge, purify; ex out, from + purgare to cleanse, purify, purge. See Purge, and cf. Spurge.] To purify; to clear from anything noxious, offensive, or erroneous; to cleanse; to purge; as, to expurgate a book. Expurgation Ex`pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. expurgatio justification, excuse: cf. F. expurgation.] The act of expurgating, purging, or cleansing; purification from anything noxious, offensive, sinful, or erroneous. Milton. Expurgator Ex"pur*ga`tor (?; 277), n. One who expurgates or purifies. Expurgatorial Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*al (?), a. Tending or serving to expurgate; expurgatory. Milman. Expurgatorious Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*ous (?), a. Expurgatory. [Obs.] "Expurgatorious indexes." Milton. Expurgatory Ex*pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. expurgatoire.] Serving to purify from anything noxious or erroneous; cleansing; purifying. "Expurgatory animadversions." Sir T. Browne. Expurgatory Index. See Index Expurgatorius, under Index. Expurge Ex*purge" (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. espurgier. See Expurgate.] To purge away. [Obs.] Milton. Exquire Ex*quire" (?), v. t. [L. exquirere. See Exquisite.] To search into or out. [Obs.] Chapman. Exquisite Ex"qui*site (?), a. [L. exquisitus, p.p. of exquirere to search out; ex out + quarere to seek, search. See Quest.] 1. Carefully selected or sought out; hence, of distinguishing and surpassing quality; exceedingly nice; delightfully excellent; giving rare satisfaction; as, exquisite workmanship. Plate of rare device, and jewels Of reach and exquisite form. Shak. I have no exquisite reason for 't, but I have reason good enough. Shak. 2. Exceeding; extreme; keen; -- used in a bad or a good sense; as, exquisite pain or pleasure. 3. Of delicate perception or close and accurate discrimination; not easy to satisfy; exact; nice; fastidious; as, exquisite judgment, taste, or discernment. His books of Oriental languages, wherein he was exquisite. Fuller. Syn. -- Nice; delicate; exact; refined; choice; rare; matchless; consummate; perfect. Exquisite Ex"qui*site, n. One who manifests an exquisite attention to external appearance; one who is overnice in dress or ornament; a fop; a dandy. Exquisitely Ex"qui*site*ly, adv. In an exquisite manner or degree; as, lace exquisitely wrought. To a sensitive observer there was something exquisitely painful in it. Hawthorne. Exquisiteness Ex"qui*site*ness, n. Quality of being exquisite. Exquisitive Ex*quis"i*tive (?), a. Eager to discover or learn; curious. [Obs.] Todd. -- Ex*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Exsanguine Ex*san"guine (?), a. Bloodless. [R.] Exsanguineous Ex`san*guin"e*ous (?), a. Destitute of blood; an\'91mic; exsanguious. Exsanguinity Ex`san*guin"i*ty (?), n. (Med.) Privation or destitution of blood; -- opposed to plethora. Dunglison. Exsanguinous Ex*san"gui*nous (?), a. See Exsanguious. Exsanguious Ex*san"gui*ous (?), a. [L. exsanguis; ex out + sanguis, sanguinis, blood. Cf. Exsanguineous.] 1. Destitute of blood. Sir T. Browne. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Destitute of true, or red, blood, as insects. Exscind Ex*scind" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exscinded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exscinding.] [L. exscindere; ex out, from + scindere to cut.] To cut off; to separate or expel from union; to extirpate. Barrow. The second presbytery of Philadelphia was also exscinded by that Assembly. Am. Cyc. Exscribe Ex*scribe" (?), v. t. [L. excribere; ex out, from + scribere to write.] To copy; to transcribe. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Exscript Ex"script (?), n. [L. exscriptus, p.p. of exscribere.] A copy; a transcript. [Obs.] Bailey. Exscriptural Ex*scrip"tur*al (?; 135), a. [Pref. ex-+scriptural.] Not in accordance with the doctrines of Scripture; unscriptural. Exscutellate Ex*scu"tel*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + scutellate.] (Zo\'94l.) Without, or apparently without, a scutellum; -- said of certain insects. Exsect Ex*sect" (?), v. t. [L. exsectio.] 1. A cutting out or away. E. Darwin. 2. (Surg.) The removal by operation of a portion of a limb; particularly, the removal of a portion of a bone in the vicinity of a joint; the act or process of cutting out. Exsert, Exserted Ex*sert" (?), Ex*sert"ed, a. [L. exsertus, p.p. of exserere to stretch out or forth. See Exert.] Standing out; projecting beyond some other part; as, exsert stamens. A small portion of the basal edge of the shell exserted. D. H. Barnes. Exsertile Ex*sert"ile (?), a. (Biol.) Capable of being thrust out or protruded. J. Fleming. Exsiccant Ex*sic"cant (?), a. [L. exsiccans, p.pr. of exsiccare. See Exsiccate.] Having the quality of drying up; causing a drying up. -- n. (Med.) An exsiccant medicine. Exsiccate Ex"sic*cate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsiccated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exsiccating.] [L. exsiccatus, p.p. of exsiccare to dry up; ex out + siccare to make dry, siccus dry.] To exhaust or evaporate moisture from; to dry up. Sir T. Browne. Exsiccation Ex`sic*ca"tion (?), n. [L. exsiccatio: cf. F. exsiccation.] The act of operation of drying; evaporation or expulsion of moisture; state of being dried up; dryness. Sir T. Browne. Exsiccative Ex*sic"ca*tive (?), a. Tending to make dry; having the power of drying. Exsiccator Ex"sic*ca`tor (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus for drying substances or preserving them from moisture; a desiccator; also, less frequently, an agent employed to absorb moisture, as calcium chloride, or concentrated sulphuric acid. Exsiliency Ex*sil"i*en*cy (?; 106), n. [L. exsiliens leaping out, p.pr. of exsilire; ex out + salire to leap.] A leaping out. [R.] Latham. Exsolution Ex`so*lu"tion (?), n. [L. exsolutio a release.] Relaxation. [R.] Richardson (Dict. ). Exspoliation Ex*spo`li*a"tion (?), n. [L. exspoliatio, fr. exspoliare to spoil, to plunder; ex out, from + spoliare. See Spoliate.] Spoliation. [Obs. or R.] Bp. Hall. Exspuition Ex`spu*i"tion (?), n. [L. exspuitio; ex out + spuere to spit: cf. F. exspuition.] A discharge of saliva by spitting. [R.] E. Darwin. Exsputory Ex*spu"to*ry (?), a. Spit out, or as if spit out. "Exsputory lines." Cowper. Exstipulate Ex*stip"u*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + stipulate.] (Bot.) Having no stipules. Martyn. Exstrophy Ex"stro*phy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The eversion or turning out of any organ, or of its inner surface; as, exstrophy of the eyelid or of the bladder. Exsuccous Ex*suc"cous (?), a. [L. exsuccus; ex out + succus juice.] Destitute of juice; dry; sapless. Latham. Exsuction Ex*suc"tion (?), n. [L. exsugere, exsuctum, to suck out; ex out + sugere to suck: cf. F. exsuccion.] The act of sucking out. Exsudation Ex`su*da"tion (?), n. Exudation. Exsufflate Ex`suf*flate" (?), v. t. [L. exsufflare to blow at or upon; ex out + sufflare. See Sufflate.] (Eccles.) To exorcise or renounce by blowing. Exsufflation Ex`suf*fla"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. exsufflatio.] 1. A blast from beneath. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. (Eccles.) A kind of exorcism by blowing with the breath. Jer. Taylor. 3. (Physiol.) A strongly forced expiration of air from the lungs. Exsufflicate Ex*suf"fli*cate (?), a. Empty; frivolous. [A Shakespearean word only once used.] Such exsufflicate and blown surmises. Shak. (Oth. iii. 3, 182). Exsuscitate Ex*sus"ci*tate (?), v. t. [L. exsuscitatus, p.p. of exsuscitare; ex out + suscitare. See Suscitate.] To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Johnson. Exsuscitation Ex*sus`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exsuscitatio.] A stirring up; a rousing. [Obs.] Hallywell. Extacy Ex"ta*cy (?), n. See Ecstasy. [Obs.] Extance Ex"tance (?), n. [L. extantia, exstantia, a standing out, fr. exstans, p.pr. See Extant.] Outward existence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Extancy Ex"tan*cy (?), n. [L. extantia, exstantia.] The state of rising above others; a projection. Evelyn. Boyle. Extant Ex"tant (?), a. [L. extans, -antis, or exstans, -antis, p.pr. of extare, exstare, to stand out or forth; ex out + stare to stand: cf. F. extant. See Stand.] 1. Standing out or above any surface; protruded. That part of the teeth which is extant above the gums. Ray. A body partly immersed in a fluid and partly extant. Bentley. 2. Still existing; not destroyed or lost; outstanding. Writings that were extant at that time. Sir M. Hale. The extant portraits of this great man. I. Taylor. 3. Publicly known; conspicuous. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Extasy Ex"ta*sy (?), n. & v. t. See Ecstasy, n. & v. t. Extatic Ex*tat"ic (?), a. See Ecstatic, a. Extemporal Ex*tem"po*ral (?), a. [L. extemporalis, from ex tempore.] Extemporaneous; unpremeditated. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Ex*tem"po*ral*ly, adv. [Obs.] Extemporanean Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*an (?), a. Extemporaneous. [Obs] Burton. Extemporaneous Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [See Extempore.] Composed, performed, or uttered on the spur of the moment, or without previous study; unpremeditated; off-hand; extempore; extemporary; as, an extemporaneous address or production. -- Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness,n. Extemporarily Ex*tem"po*ra*ri*ly (?), adv. Extemporaneously. Extemporary Ex*tem"po*ra*ry (?), a. 1. Extemporaneous. "In extemporary prayer." Fuller. 2. Made for the occasion; for the time being. [Obs.] "Extemporary habitations." Maundrell. Extempore Ex*tem"po*re (?), adv. [L. ex out + tempus, temporis, time. See Temporal.] Without previous study or meditation; without preparation; on the spur of the moment; suddenly; extemporaneously; as, to write or speak extempore. Shak. -- a. Done or performed extempore. "Extempore dissertation." Addison. "Extempore poetry." Dryden. -- n. Speaking or writing done extempore. [Obs.] Bp. Fell. Extemporiness Ex*tem"po*ri*ness (?), n. The quality of being done or devised extempore [Obs.] Johnson. Extemporization Ex*tem`po*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act of extemporizing; the act of doing anything extempore. Extemporize Ex*tem"po*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Extemporized(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extemporizing(?).] To speak extempore; especially, to discourse without special preparation; to make an offhand address. Extemporize Ex*tem"po*rize, v. t. To do, make, or utter extempore or off-hand; to prepare in great haste, under urgent necessity, or with scanty or unsuitable materials; as, to extemporize a dinner, a costume, etc. Themistocles . . . was of all men the best able to extemporize the right thing to be done. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Pitt, of whom it was said that he could extemporize a Queen's speech Lord Campbell. Extemporizer Ex*tem"po*ri`zer (?), n. One who extemporizes. Extend Ex*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extended; p. pr. & vb. n. Extending.] [L. extendere, extentum, extensum; ex out + tendere to stretch. See Trend.] 1. To stretch out; to prolong in space; to carry forward or continue in length; as, to extend a line in surveying; to extend a cord across the street. Few extend their thoughts toward universal knowledge'. Locke. 2. To enlarge, as a surface or volume; to expand; to spread; to amplify; as, to extend metal plates by hammering or rolling them. 3. To enlarge; to widen; to carry out further; as, to extend the capacities, the sphere of usefulness, or commerce; to extend power or influence; to continue, as time; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to extend the time of payment or a season of trail. 4. To hold out or reach forth, as the arm or hand. His helpless hand extend. Dryden. 5. To bestow; to offer; to impart; to apply; as, to extend sympathy to the suffering. 6. To increase in quantity by weakening or adulterating additions; as, to extend liquors. G. P. Burnham. 7. (Eng. Law) To value, as lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt; to assign by writ of extent. Extended letter (Typog.), a letter, or style of type, having a broader face than is usual for a letter or type of the same height. NOTE: &hand; This is extended type. Syn. -- To increase; enlarge; expand; widen; diffuse. See Increase. Extendant Ex*tend"ant (?), a. (Her.) Displaced. Ogilvie. Extendedly Ex*tend"ed*ly (?), adv. In an extended manner. Extender Ex*tend"er (?), n. One who, or that which, extends or stretches anything. Extendible Ex*tend"i*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being extended, susceptible of being stretched, extended, enlarged, widened, or expanded. 2. (Law) Liable to be taken by a writ of extent. Extendlessness Ex*tend"less*ness, n. Unlimited extension. [Obs.] An . . . extendlessness of excursions. Sir. M. Hale. Extense Ex*tense" (?), a. [L. extensus, p.p. See Extend, v. t.] Outreaching; expansive; extended, superficially or otherwise. Men and gods are too extense; Could you slacken and condense? Emerson. Extensibility Ex*ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being extensible; the capacity of being extended; as, the extensibility of a fiber, or of a plate of metal. Extensible Ex*ten"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. extensible. See Extend.] Capable of being extended, whether in length or breadth; susceptible of enlargement; extensible; extendible; -- the opposite of contractible or compressible. "An extensible membrane" Holder. Extensibleness Ex*ten"si*ble*ness, n. Extensibility. Extensile Ex*ten"sile (?) a. Suited for, or capable of, extension; extensible. Owen. Extension Ex*ten"sion (?), n. [L. extensio: cf. F. extension. See Extend, v. t.] 1. The act of extending or the state of being extended; a stretching out; enlargement in breadth or continuation of length; increase; augmentation; expansion. 2. (Physics) That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space. 3. (Logic & Metaph.) Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; -- correlative of intension. The law is that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its extension. Sir W. Hamilton. The extension of [the term] plant is greater than that of geranium, because it includes more objects. Abp. Thomson. 4. (Surg.) The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the fragments into the same straight line. 5. (Physiol.) The straightening of a limb, in distinction from flexion. 6. (Com.) A written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt. Counter extension. (Surg.) See under Counter. -- Extension table, a table so constructed as to be readily extended or contracted in length. Extensional Ex*ten"sion*al (?), a. Having great extent. Extensionist Ex*ten"sion*ist, n. One who favors or advocates extension. Extensive Ex*ten"sive (?), a. [L. extensivus: cf. F. extensif. See Extend.] 1. Having wide extent; of much superficial extent; expanded; large; broad; wide; comprehensive; as, an extensive farm; an extensive lake; an extensive sphere of operations; extensive benevolence; extensive greatness. 2. Capable of being extended. [Obs.] Silver beaters choose the finest coin, as that which is most extensive under the hammer. Boyle. Extensively Ex*ten"sive*ly, adv. To a great extent; widely; largely; as, a story is extensively circulated. Extensiveness Ex*ten"sive*ness (?), n. The state of being extensive; wideness; largeness; extent; diffusiveness. Extensometer Ex`ten*som"e*ter (?), n. [Extension + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the extension of a body, especially for measuring the elongation of bars of iron, steel, or other material, when subjected to a tensile force. Extensor Ex*ten"sor (?), n. [L., one who stretches. See Extend.] (Anat.) A muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the body, as an arm or a finger; -- opposed to flexor. Extensure Ex*ten"sure (?), n. Extension. [R.] Drayton. Extent Ex*tent" (?), a. [L. extentus, p. p. of extendere. See Extend.] Extended. [Obs.] Spenser. Extent Ex*tent", n. [L. extentus, fr. extendere. See Extend.] 1. Space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence, superficies; compass; bulk; size; length; as, an extent of country or of line; extent of information or of charity. Life in its large extent is scare a span. Cotton. 2. Degree; measure; proportion. "The extent to which we can make ourselves what we wish to be." Lubbock. 3. (Eng. Law) (a) A peculiar species of execution upon debts due to the crown, under which the lands and goods of the debtor may be seized to secure payment. (b) A process of execution by which the lands and goods of a debtor are valued and delivered to the creditor. Extenuate Ex*ten"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extenuated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extenuating(?).] [L. extenuatus, p. p. of extenuare to make thin, loosen, weaken; ex out + tenuare to make thin, tenuis thin. See Tenuity.] 1. To make thin or slender; to draw out so as to lessen the thickness. His body behind the head becomes broad, from whence it is again extenuated all the way to the tail. Grew. 2. To lessen; to palliate; to lessen or weaken the force of; to diminish the conception of, as crime, guilt, faults, ills, accusations, etc.; -- opposed to aggravate. But fortune there extenuates the crime. Dryden. Let us extenuate, conceal, adorn the unpleasing reality. I. Taylor. 3. To lower or degrade; to detract from. [Obs.] Who can extenuate thee? Milton. Syn. -- To palliate; to mitigate. See Palliate. Extenuate Ex*ten"u*ate, v. i. To become thinner; to make excuses; to advance palliating considerations. Burke. Extenuate Ex*ten"u*ate (?), a. [L. extenuatus, p. p.] Thin; slender. [Obs.] Huloet. Extenuation Ex*ten`u*a"tion (?), n. [L. extenuatio: cf. F. ext\'82nuation.] The act of axtenuating or the state of being extenuated; the act of making thin, slender, or lean, or of palliating; diminishing, or lessening; palliation, as of a crime; mitigation, as of punishment. To listen . . . to every extenuation of what is evil. I. Taylor. Extenuator Ex*ten"u*a`tor (?), n. One who extenuates. Extenuatory Ex*ten"u*a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. extenuatorius attenuating.] Tending to extenuate or palliate. Croker. Exterior Ex*te"ri*or, a. [L. exterior, compar. of exter or exterus on the outside, outward, foreign, strange, a compar. fr. ex: cf. F. ext\'82rieur. See Ex, and cf. Extreme, Interior.] 1. External; outward; pertaining to that which is external; -- opposed to interior; as, the exterior part of a sphere. Sith nor the exterior nor the inward man Resemble that it was. Shak. 2. External; on the outside; without the limits of; extrinsic; as, an object exterior to a man, opposed to what is within, or in his mind. Without exterior help sustained. Milton. 3. Relating to foreign nations; foreign; as, the exterior relations of a state or kingdom. Exterior angle (Geom.), the angle included between any side of a triangle or polygon and the prolongation of the adjacent side; also, an angle included between a line crossing two parallel lines and either of the latter on the outside. -- Exterior side (Fort.), the side of the polygon upon which a front of fortification is formed. Wilhelm. NOTE: See Illust. of Ravelin. Exterior Ex*te"ri*or, n. 1. The outward surface or part of a thing; that which is external; outside. 2. Outward or external deportment, form, or ceremony; visible act; as, the exteriors of religion. Exteriority Ex*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ext\'82riorit\'82.] Surface; superficies; externality. Exteriorly Ex*te"ri*or*ly (?), adv. Outwardly; externally; on the exterior. Shak. They are exteriorly lifelike. J. H. Morse. Exterminate Ex*ter"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exterminated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exterminating(?).] [L. exterminatus, p. p. of exterminare to abolish, destroy, drive out or away; ex out + terminus boundary, limit. See Term.] 1. To drive out or away; to expel. They deposed, exterminated, and deprived him of communion. Barrow. 2. To destroy utterly; to cut off; to extirpate; to annihilate; to root out; as, to exterminate a colony, a tribe, or a nation; to exterminate error or vice. To explode and exterminate rank atheism. Bentley. 3. (Math.) To eliminate, as unknown quantities. [R.] Extermination Ex*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. extermination.] 1. The act of exterminating; total destruction; eradication; excision; as, the extermination of inhabitants or tribes, of error or vice, or of weeds from a field. 2. (Math.) Elimination. [R.] Exterminator Ex*ter"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, exterminates. Buckle. Exterminatory Ex*ter"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to extermination; tending to exterminate. "Exterminatory war." Burke. Extermine Ex*ter"mine (?), v. t. [F. exterminer.] To exterminate; to destroy. [Obs.] Shak. Extern Ex*tern" (?), a. [Cf. F. externe. See External.] External; outward; not inherent. [Obs.] Shak. Extern Ex*tern", n. [Cf. F. externe.] 1. A pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls; a day scholar. 2. Outward form or part; exterior. [R.] External Ex*ter"nal (?), a. [L. externus, fr. exter, exterus, on the outside, outward. See Exterior.] 1. Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the external form or surface of a body. Of all external things, . . . She [Fancy] forms imaginations, aery shapes. Milton. 2. Outside of or separate from ourselves; (Metaph.) separate from the perceiving mind. 3. Outwardly perceptible; visible; physical or corporeal, as distinguished from mental or moral. Her virtues graced with external gifts. Shak. 4. Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying; superficial. The external circumstances are greatly different. Trench. 5. Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as, external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or kingdom. 6. (Anat.) Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral. External angles. (Geom.) See under Angle. External Ex*ter"nal, n. Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural. Adam was then no less glorious in his externals South. God in externals could not place content. Pope. Externalism Ex*ter"nal*ism (?) n. 1. The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or appearances; regard for externals. This externalism gave Catholicism a great advantage on all sides. E. Eggleston. 2. (Metaph.) That philosophy or doctrine which recognizes or deals only with externals, or objects of sense perception; positivism; phenomenalism. Externalistic Ex*ter`nal*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to externalism North Am. Rev. Externality Ex`ter*nal"i*ty (?), n. State of being external; exteriority; (Metaph.) separation from the perceiving mind. Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes externality in the thing which presses or resists. A. Smith. Externalize Ex*ter"nal*ize (?), v. t. To make external; to manifest by outward form. Thought externalizes itself in language. Soyce. Externally Ex*ter"nal*ly, adv. In an external manner; outwardly; on the outside; in appearance; visibly. Externe Ex`terne" (?), n. [F. Cf. Extern.] (med.) An officer in attendance upon a hospital, but not residing in it; esp., one who cares for the out-patients. Exterraneous Ex`ter*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. exterraneus; es out + terra land.] Foreign; belonging to, or coming from, abroad. Exterritorial Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. ex.] Beyond the territorial limits; foreign to, or exempt from, the territorial jurisdiction. -- Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly(#),adv.<-- = extraterritorial --> Exterritoriality Ex*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty (?), n. 1. The state of being beyond the limits of a country. 2. The state of being free from the jurisdiction of a country when within its territorial limits. Extersion Ex*ter"sion (?), n. [L. extergere, extersum, to wipe out; ex out + tergere to wipe or rub off.] The act of wiping or rubbing out. [Obs.] Extill Ex*till" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Extilled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extilling.] [L. extillare, exstillare; ex out + stillare to drop, stilla drop.] To drop or distill. [Obs.] Johnson. Extillation Ex`til*la"tion (?), n. Distillation. [Obs.] An exudation or extillation of petrifying juices. Derham. Extimulate Ex*tim"u*late (?), v. t. [L. extimulatus, exstimulatus, p. p. of extimulare, exstimulare, to goad. See Stimulate.] To stimulate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Extimulation Ex*tim`u*la"tion (?), n. Stimulation. [Obs.] Things insipid, and without any extimulation. Bacon. Extinct Ex*tinct" (?), a. [L. extinctus, exstinctus, p. p. of extinguere, exstinguere. See Extinguish.] 1. Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, a fire, a light, or a lamp, is extinct; an extinct volcano. Light, the prime work of God, to me is extinct. Milton. 2. Without a survivor; without force; dead; as, a family becomes extinct; an extinct feud or law. Extinct Ex*tinct", v. t. To cause to be extinct. [Obs.] Shak. Extinction Ex*tinc"tion (?), n. [L. extinctio, exstinction: cf. F. extinction.] 1. The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an end to; the act of putting out or destroying light, fire, life, activity, influence, etc. 2. State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be; destruction; suppression; as, the extinction of life, of a family, of a quarrel, of claim. Extine Ex"tine (?; 104), n. [L. exter on the outside. Cf. Intine.] (bot.) The outer membrane of the grains of pollen of flowering plants. Extinguish Ex*tin"guish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extinguished(?); p pr. & vb. n. Extinguishing.] [L. extinguere, exstinguere; ex out + stinguere to quench. See Distinguish, Finish.] 1. To quench; to put out, as a light or fire; to stifle; to cause to die out; to put an end to; to destroy; as, to extinguish a flame, or life, or love, or hope, a pretense or a right. A light which the fierce winds have no power to extinguish. Prescott. This extinguishes my right to the reversion. Blackstone. 2. To obscure; to eclipse, as by superior splendor. Natural graces that extinguish art. Shak . Extinguishable Ex*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being quenched, destroyed, or suppressed. Extinguisher Ex*tin"guish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, extinguishes; esp., a hollow cone or other device for extinguishing a flame, as of a torch or candle. Extinguishment Ex*tin"guish*ment (?), n. 1. The act of extinguishing, putting out, or quenching, or the state of being extinguished; extinction; suppression; destruction; nullification; as, the extinguishment of fire or flame, of discord, enmity, or jealousy, or of love or affection. 2. (Law) The annihilation or extinction of a right or obligation. Abbott. Extirp Ex*tirp" (, v. t. [Cf. F. extirper.] To extirpate. [Obs.] It is impossible to extirp it quite, friar. Shak . Extirpable Ex*tir"pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being extirpated or eradicated; as, an extirpable plant. Evelyn. Extirpate Ex"tir*pate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extirpated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extirpating(?).] [L. extirpatus, exstirpatus, p. p. of extirpare, exstirpare; ex out + strips stock, stem, root.] To pluck up by the stem or root; to root out; to eradicate, literally or figuratively; to destroy wholly; as, to extirpate weeds; to extirpate a tumor; to extirpate a sect; to extirpate error or heresy. Syn. -- To eradicate; root out; destroy; exterminate; annihilate; extinguish. Extirpation Ex`tir*pa"tion (?), n. [L. extirpatio, exstirpatio: cf. F. extirpation.] The act of extirpating or rooting out, or the state of being extirpated; eradication; excision; total destruction; as, the extirpation of weeds from land, of evil from the heart, of a race of men, of heresy. Extirpative Ex"tir*pa*tive (?), a. Capable of rooting out, or tending to root out. Cheyne. Extirpator Ex"tir*pa`tor (?; 277), n. [L. extirpator, exstirpator: cf. F. extirpateur.] One who extirpates or roots out; a destroyer. Extirpatory Ex*tir"pa*to*ry (?), a. Extirpative. Extirper Ex*tirp"er (?), n. Extirpator. [Obs.] Bacon. Extispicious Ex`ti*spi"cious (?), a. [L. extispicium an inspection of the inwards for divination; extra the entrails + specer to look at.] Relating to the inspection of entrails for prognostication. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Extogenous Ex*tog"e*nous (?), a. [L. exter outward + .] (Biol.) Exogenous. Extol Ex*tol" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extolled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extolling.] [L. extollere; ex out + tollere to lift, take up, or raise: cf. OF. extoller. See Tollerate, and cf. Flate.] 1. To place on high; to lift up; to elevate. [Obs.] Who extolled you in the half-crown boxes, Where you might sit and muster all the beauties. Beau. 2. To elevate by praise; to eulogize; to praise; to magnify; as, to extol virtue; to extol an act or a person. Wherein have I so deserved of you, That you extol me thus? Shak. Syn. -- To praise; applaud; commend; magnify; celebrate; laud; glorify. See Praise. Extoller Ex*tol"ler (?), n.One who extols; one who praises. Extolment Ex*tol"ment (?), n. Praise. [Obs.] Shak. Extorsive Ex*tor"sive (?), a. [See Extort.] Serving or tending to extort. [R.] Johnson. -- Ex*tor"sive*ly, adv. [R.] Extort Ex*tort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Extorting.] [L. extortus, p. p. of extorquere to twist or wrench out, to extort; ex out + torquere to turn about, twist. See Torsion.] 1. To wrest from an unwilling person by physical force, menace, duress, torture, or any undue or illegal exercise of power or ingenuity; to wrench away (from); to tear away; to wring (from); to exact; as, to extort contributions from the vanquished; to extort confessions of guilt; to extort a promise; to extort payment of a debt. 2. (Law) To get by the offense of extortion. See Extortion, 2. Extort Ex*tort", v. i. To practice extortion. [Obs.] Spenser. Extort Ex*tort", p. p. & a. [L. extortus. p. p.] Extorted. [Obs.] Spenser. Extorter Ex*tort"er (?), n. One who practices extortion. Extortion Ex*tor"tion (?), n. [F. extorsion.] 1. The act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting anything from a person by force, by threats, or by any undue exercise of power; undue exaction; overcharge. 2. (Law) The offense committed by an officer who corruptly claims and takes, as his fee, money, or other thing of value, that is not due, or more than is due, or before it is due. Abbott. 3. That which is extorted or exacted by force. Syn. -- Oppression; rapacity; exaction; overcharge. Extortionary Ex*tor"tion*a*ry (?), a. Extortionate. Extortionate Ex*tor"tion*ate (?), a. Characterized by extortion; oppressive; hard. Extortioner Ex*tor"tion*er (?), n, One who practices extortion. Extortious Ex*tor"tious (?), a. Extortionate. [Obs.] "Extortious cruelties." Bp. Hall -- Ex*tor"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon. Extra- Ex"tra- (?). [L., fr. exter. See Exterior.] A Latin preposition, denoting beyond, outside of; -- often used in composition as a prefix signifying outside of, beyond, besides, or in addition to what is denoted by the word to which it is prefixed. Extra Ex"tra, a. Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; additional; supernumerary; also, extraordinarily good; superior; as, extra work; extra pay. "By working extra hours." H. Spencer. Extra Ex"tra (?), n.; pl. Extras (. Something in addition to what is due, expected, or customary; something in addition to the regular charge or compensation, or for which an additional charge is made; as, at European hotels lights are extras. [Colloq.] Extraarticular Ex`tra*ar*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated outside of a joint. Extraaxillar, Extraaxillary Ex`tra*ax"il*lar (?), Ex`tra*ax"il*la*ry (?) a. (Bot.) Growing outside of the axils; as, an extra-axillary bud. Extrabranchial Ex`tra*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Outside of the branchial arches; -- said of the cartilages thus placed in some fishes. Extracapsular Ex`tra*cap"su*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated outside of a capsule, esp. outside the capsular ligament of a joint. Extract Ex*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Extracting.] [L. extractus, p. p. of extrahere to extract; ex out + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf. Estreat.] 1. To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a splinter from the finger. The bee Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet. Milton. 2. To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6. Sunbeams may be extracted from cucumbers, but the process is tedious. 3. To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a passage from a book. I have extracted out of that pamphlet a few notorious falsehoods. Swift. To extract the root (Math.), to ascertain the root of a number or quantity. Extract Ex"tract` (?), n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn out. 2. A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation. 3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef; extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as, quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark. 4. (Med.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an abstract. See Abstract, n., 4. 5. (Old Chem.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the extractive principle. [Obs.] 6. Extraction; descent. [Obs.] South. 7. (Scots Law) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution. Tomlins. Fluid extract (Med.), a concentrated liquid preparation, containing a definite proportion of the active principles of a medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of extract should represent a gram of the crude drug. Extractable, Extractible Ex*tract"a*ble (?), Ex*tract"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being extracted. Extractiform Ex*tract"i*form (?), a. (Chem.) Having the form, appearance, or nature, of an extract. Extraction Ex*trac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. extraction.] 1. The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence or tincture. 2. Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent; birth; the stock from which one has descended. "A family of ancient extraction." Clarendon. 3. That which is extracted; extract; essence. They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them. Milton. The extraction of roots. (Math.) (a) The operation of finding the root of a given number or quantity. (b) The method or rule by which the operation is performed; evolution. Extractive Ex*tract"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. extractif.] 1. Capable of being extracted. "Thirty grains of extractive matter." Kirwan. 2. Tending or serving to extract or draw out. Certain branches of industry are conveniently designated extractive: e.g., agriculture, pastoral and mining pursuits, cutting of lumber, etc. Cairnes. Extractive Ex*tract"ive, n. 1. Anything extracted; an extract. Extractives, of which the most constant are urea, kreatin, and grape sugar. H. N. Martin. 2. (Chem.) (a) A chemical principle once supposed to exist in all extracts. [Obs.] (b) Any one of a large class of substances obtained by extraction, and consisting largely of nitrogenous hydrocarbons, such as xanthin, hypoxanthin, and creatin extractives from muscle tissue. Extractor Ex*tract"or (?), n. One who, or that which, extracts; as: (a) (Surg.) A forceps or instrument for extracting substances. (b) (Breech-loading Firearms) A device for withdrawing a cartridge or spent cartridge shell from the chamber of the barrel. Extradictionary Ex`tra*dic"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. extra + L. dictio a saying. See Diction.] Consisting not in words, but in realities. [Obs.] Of these extradictionary and real fallacies, Aristotle and logicians make in number six. Sir T. Browne. Extraditable Ex"tra*di`ta*ble (?), a. 1. Subject, or liable, to extradition, as a fugitive from justice. 2. Making liable to extradition; as, extraditable offenses. Extradite Ex"tra*dite (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extradited(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extraditing(?).] To deliver up by one government to another, as a fugitive from justice. See Extradition. Extradition Ex`tra*di"tion (?), n. [L. ex out + traditio a delivering up: cf. F. extradition. See Tradition.] The surrender or delivery of an alleged criminal by one State or sovereignty to another having jurisdiction to try charge. Extrados Ex*tra"dos (?), n. [F.; pref. extra outside + dos (L. dorsum) the back.] (Arch.) The exterior curve of an arch; esp., the upper curved face of the whole body of voussoirs. See Intrados. Extradotal Ex`tra*do"tal (?), a. [Pref. extra.] Forming no part of the dowry; as, extradotal property. Extrafoliaceous Ex`tra*fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. [Pref. extra + foliaceous.] (Bot.) Away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from them; as, extrafoliaceous prickles. Loudon. Extraforaneous Ex`tra*fo*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. extra + L. foras out of doors.] Pertaining to that which is out of doors. "Extr occupations." Cowper. Extrageneous Ex`tra*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. extra + L. genus race.] Belonging to another race or kind. Extrajudicial Ex`tra*ju*di"cial (?), a. Out of or beyond the proper authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction; not legally required. "An extrajudicial opinion." Hallam. -- Ex`tra*ju*di"cial*ly, adv. Extralimitary Ex`tra*lim"it*a*ry (?), a. Being beyond the limit or bounds; as, extraliminary land. Mitford. Extralogical Ex`tra*log"ic*al (?), a. Lying outside of the domain of logic. -- Ex`tra*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Extramission Ex`tra*mis"sion (?), n. A sending out; emission. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Extramundane Ex`tra*mun"dane (?), a. [L. extramundanus; extra + mundus world.] Beyond the material world. "An extramundane being." Bp. Warburton. Extramural Ex`tra*mu"ral (?), a. Outside of the walls, as of a fortified or walled city. Extraneity Ex`tra*ne"i*ty (?), n. State of being without or beyond a thing; foreignness. [Obs.] Extraneous Ex*tra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. extraneus, from extra. See Extra, Strange.] Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or beyond a thing; not essential or intrinsic; foreign; as, to separate gold from extraneous matter. Nothing is admitted extraneous from the indictment. Landor. -- Ex*tra"ne*ous*ly, adv. Extra-ocular Ex`tra-oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Inserted exterior to the eyes; -- said of the antenn\'91 of certain insects. Extra-official Ex`tra-of*fi"cial (?), a. Not prescribed by official duty. Extraordinarily Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In an extraordinary manner or degree. Extraordinariness Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ness, n. The quality of being extraordinary. [R.] Gov. of the Tongue. Extraordinary Ex*traor"di*na*ry (?), a. [L. extraordinarius; extra on the outside + ordinarius: cf. F. extraordinaire. See Ordinary.] 1. Beyond or out of the common order or method; not usual, customary, regular, or ordinary; as, extraordinary evils; extraordinary remedies. Which dispose To something extraordinary my thoughts. Milton. 2. Exceeding the common degree, measure. or condition; hence, remarkable; uncommon; rare; wonderful; as, extraordinary talents or grandeur. 3. Employed or sent upon an unusual or special service; as, an ambassador extraordinary. Extraordinary Ex*traor"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Extraordinaries (. That which is extraordinary; -- used especially in the plural; as, extraordinaries excepted, there is nothing to prevent success. Their extraordinary did consist especially in the matter of prayers and devotions. Jer. Taylor. Extraparochial Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. Beyond the limits of a parish. -- Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. Extraphysical Ex`tra*phys"i*cal (?), a. Not subject to physical laws or methods. Extraprofessional Ex`tra*pro*fes"sion*al (?), a. Foreign to a profession; not within the ordinary limits of professional duty or business. Extraprovincial Ex`tra*pro*vin"cial (?), a. Not within of pertaining to the same province or jurisdiction. Ayliffe. Extraregular Ex`tra*reg"u*lar (?), a. Not comprehended within a rule or rules. Jer. Taylor. Extrastapedial Ex`tra*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which, in many animals, projects beyond the connection with the stapes. -- n. The extrastapedial part of columella. Extraterritorial Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. Beyond the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction; exterritorial. -- Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly(#), adv. Extraterritoriality Ex`tra*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being beyond the limits of a particular territory; esp. (Internat. Law), a fiction by which a public minister, though actually in a foreign country, is supposed still to remain within the territory of his own sovereign or nation. Wheaton. Extratropical Ex`tra*trop"ic*al (?), a. Beyond or outside of the tropics. Whewell. Extraught Ex`traught" (?), p. p. of Extract. [Cf. Distraught.] Extracted; descended. [Obs.] Knowing whence thou art extraught Shak. Extra-uterine Ex`tra-u"ter*ine (?), a. (Anat. & Med.) Outside of the uterus, or womb. Extra-uterine pregnancy (Med.), a condition of pregnancy in which the fetus is not in the uterus, but in the Fallopian tube or in the abdominal cavity. Extravagance Ex*trav"a*gance (?), n. [Cf. F. extravagance. See Extravagant, and cf. Extravaganza.] 1. A wandering beyond proper limits; an excursion or sally from the usual way, course, or limit. 2. The state of being extravagant, wild, or prodigal beyond bounds of propriety or duty; want of moderation; excess; especially, undue expenditure of money; vaid and superfluous expense; prodigality; as, extravagance of anger, love, expression, imagination, demands. Some verses of my own, Maximin and Almanzor, cry vengeance on me for their extravagance. Dryden. The income of three dukes was enough to supply her extravagance. Arbuthnot. Syn. -- Wildness; irregularity; excess; prodigality; profusion; waste; lavishness; unreasonableness; recklessness. Extravagancy Ex*trav"a*gan*cy (?), n.; pl. Extravagancies (. Extravagance. Extravagant Ex*trav"a*gant (?), a. [F. extravagant, fr. L. extra on the outside + vagance, , p. pr. of vagari to wander, from vagus wandering, vague. See Vague.] 1. Wandering beyond one's bounds; roving; hence, foreign. [Obs.] The extravagant and erring spirit hies To his confine. Shak. 2. Exceeding due bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained; as, extravagant acts, wishes, praise, abuse. There appears something nobly wild and extravagant in great natural geniuses. Addison. 3. Profuse in expenditure; prodigal; wasteful; as, an extravagant man. "Extravagant expense." Bancroft. Extravagant Ex*trav"a*gant, n. 1. One who is confined to no general rule. L'Estrange. 2. pl. (Eccl. Hist.) Certain constitutions or decretal epistles, not at first included with others, but subsequently made a part of the canon law. Extravagantly Ex*trav"a*gant*ly, adv. In an extravagant manner; wildly; excessively; profusely. Extravagantness Ex*trav"a*gant*ness, n. The state of being extravagant or in excess; excess; extravagance. Extravaganza Ex*trav`a*gan"za (?), n. [Extravagance with an Italian ending: cf. It. stravaganza.] 1. A composition, as in music, or in the drama, designed to produce effect by its wild irregularity; esp., a musical caricature. 2. An extravagant flight of sentiment or language. Extravagate Ex*trav"a*gate (?), v. i. [Pref. extra + L. vagatus, p. p. of vagari to rove. See Extravagant.] To rove. Bp. Warburton. Extravagation Ex*trav`a*ga"tion (?), n. A wandering beyond limits; excess. [Obs.] Smollett. Extravasate Ex*trav"a*sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extravasated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extravasating(?).] [Pref. extra + L. vas vessel: cf. F. extravaser. See Vase.] To force or let out of the proper vessels or arteries, as blood. Extravasation Ex*trav`a*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. extravasation.] The act of forcing or letting out of its proper vessels or ducts, as a fluid; effusion; as, an extravasation of blood after a rupture of the vessels. Extravascular Ex`tra*vas"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Outside the vessels; -- said of the substance of all the tissues. (b) Destitute of vessels; non-vascular. Extravenate Ex*trav"e*nate (?), a. [Pref. extra + L. vena vein.] Let out of the veins. [Obs.] "Extravenate blood." Glanvill. Extraversion Ex`tra*ver"sion (?), n. [Pref. extra + L. vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. extraversion.] The act of throwing out; the state of being turned or thrown out. [Obs.] Boyle. Extreat Ex*treat" (?), n. [See Estreat, Extract.] Extraction. [Obs.] Spenser. Extreme Ex*treme" (?), a. [L. extremus, superl. of exter, extrus, on the outside, outward: cf. F. extr\'88me. See Exterior.] 1. At the utmost point, edge, or border; outermost; utmost; farthest; most remote; at the widest limit. 2. Last; final; conclusive; -- said of time; as, the extreme hour of life. 3. The best of worst; most urgent; greatest; highest; immoderate; excessive; most violent; as, an extreme case; extreme folly. "The extremest remedy." Dryden. "Extreme rapidity." Sir W. Scott. Yet extreme gusts will blow out fire. Shak. 4. Radical; ultra; as, extreme opinions. The Puritans or extreme Protestants. Gladstone. 5. (Mus.) Extended or contracted as much as possible; -- said of intervals; as, an extreme sharp second; an extreme flat forth. Extreme and mean ratio (Geom.), the relation of a line and its segments when the line is so divided that the whole is to the greater segment is to the less. -- Extreme distance. (Paint.) See Distance., n., 6. -- Extreme unction. See under Unction. NOTE: &hand; Al though th is ad jective, be ing su perlative in signification, is not properly subject to comparison, the superlative form not unfrequently occurs, especially in the older writers. "Tried in his extremest state." Spenser. "Extremest hardships." Sharp. "Extremest of evils." Bacon. "Extremest verge of the swift brook." Shak. "The sea's extremest borders." Addison. Extreme Ex*treme", n. 1. The utmost point or verge; that part which terminates a body; extremity. 2. Utmost limit or degree that is supposable or tolerable; hence, furthest degree; any undue departure from the mean; -- often in the plural: things at an extreme distance from each other, the most widely different states, etc.; as, extremes of heat and cold, of virtue and vice; extremes meet. His parsimony went to the extreme of meanness. Bancroft. 3. An extreme state or condition; hence, calamity, danger, distress, etc. "Resolute in most extremes." Shak. 4. (Logic) Either of the extreme terms of a syllogism, the middle term being interposed between them. 5. (Math.) The first or the last term of a proportion or series. In the extreme as much as possible. "The position of the Port was difficult in the extreme." J. P. Peters. Extremeless Ex*treme"less (?), a. Having no extremes; infinite. Extremely Ex*treme"ly, adv. In an extreme manner or state; in the utmost degree; to the utmost point; exceedingly; as, extremely hot or cold. Extremist Ex*trem"ist (?), n. A supporter of extreme doctrines or practice; one who holds extreme opinions. Extremity Ex*trem"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Extremities(. [L. extremitas: cf. F. extr\'82mit\'82.] 1. The extreme part; the utmost limit; the farthest or remotest point or part; as, the extremities of a country. They sent fleets . . . to the extremities of Ethiopia. Arbuthnot. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of locomotive appendages of an animal; a limb; a leg or an arm of man. 3. The utmost point; highest degree; most aggravated or intense form. "The extremity of bodily pain." Ray. 4. The highest degree of inconvenience, pain, or suffering; greatest need or peril; extreme need; necessity. Divers evils and extremities that follow upon such a compulsion shall here be set in view. Milton. Upon mere extremity he summoned this last Parliament. Milton. Syn. -- Verge; border; extreme; end; termination. Extricable Ex"tri*ca*ble (?), a. Capable of being extricated. Sir W. Jones. Extricate Ex"tri*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extricated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extricating(?).] [L. extricatus, p. p. of extricare to extricate; ex out + tricae trifles, impediments, perplexities. Cf. Intricate.] 1. To free, as from difficulties or perplexities; to disentangle; to disembarrass; as, to extricate a person from debt, peril, etc. We had now extricated ourselves from the various labyrinths and defiles. Eustance. 2. To cause to be emitted or evolved; as, to extricate heat or moisture. Syn. -- To disentangle; disembarrass; disengage; relieve; evolve; set free; liberate. Extrication Ex`tri*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of extricating or disentangling; a freeing from perplexities; disentanglement. 2. The act of sending out or evolving. Extrinsic Ex*trin"sic (?), a. [L. extrinsecus; exter on the outside + secus otherwise, beside; akin to E. second: cf. F. extrins\'8aque. See Exterior, Second.] 1. Not contained in or belonging to a body; external; outward; unessential; -- opposed to intrinsic. The extrinsic aids of education and of artificial culture. I. Taylor. 2. (Anat.) Attached partly to an organ or limb and partly to some other partintrinsic . Extrinsical Ex*trin"sic*al (?), a. Extrinsic. -- Ex*trin"sic*al*ly(#), adv. Extrinsicality, Extrinsicalness Ex*trin`si*cal"i*ty (?), Ex*trin"sic*al*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being extrinsic. Extroitive Ex*tro"i*tive (?), a. [L. extra on the outside + ire, itum, to go.] Seeking or going out after external objects. [R.]<-- extroverted? --> Their natures being almost wholly extroitive. Coleridge. Extrorsal Ex*tror"sal (?), a. (Bot.) Extrorse. Extrorse Ex*trorse" (?), a. [As if from an assumed L. extrorsus, for extroversus; extra on the outside + vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. extrorse.] (Bot.) Facing outwards, or away from the axis of growth; -- said esp. of anthers occupying the outer side of the filament. Extroversion Ex`tro*ver"sion (?), n. [See Extrorse.] The condition of being turned wrong side out; as, extroversion of the bladder. Dunglison. Extruct Ex*truct" (?), v. t. [L. extructus, exstructus, p. p. of extruere, exstruere, to build up; ex out + struere to build.] To construct. [Obs.] Byrom. Extruction Ex*truc"tion (?), n. [L. exstructio.] A building up; construction. [Obs.] Cockeram. Extructive Ex*truct"ive (?), a. Constructive. [Obs.] Fulke. Extructor Ex*truct"or (?), n. [L.] A builder. [Obs.] Bailey. Extrude Ex*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Extruding.] [L. extrudere, extrusum; ex out + trudere to thrust, akin to E. threat. See Threat.] To thrust out; to force, press, or push out; to expel; to drive off or away. "Parentheses thrown into notes or extruded to the margin." Coleridge. Extrusion Ex*tru"sion (?), n. The act of thrusting or pushing out; a driving out; expulsion. Extuberance Ex*tu"ber*ance (?), n. A swelling or rising; protuberance. [R.] Moxon. Extuberancy Ex*tu"ber*an*cy (?), n. Extuberance. [R.] Extuberant Ex*tu"ber*ant (?), a. [L. extuberare.] Swollen out; protuberant. [R.] "Extuberant lips." Gayton. Extuberate Ex*tu"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. extuberatus, p. pr. of extuberare to swell; ex out + tuber a swelling.] To swell out. [Obs.] Cockeram. Extuberation Ex*tu`ber*a"tion (?), n. [L. extuberatio.] Protuberance. [Obs.] Farindon. Extumescence Ex`tu*mes"cence (?), n. [L. ex. + tumescens, p. pr. of tumescere, incho. fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. extumescence.] A swelling or rising. [R.] Cotgrave. Exuberance Ex*u"ber*ance (?), n. [L. exuberantia: cf. F. exub\'82rance.] The state of being exuberant; an overflowing quantity; a copious or excessive production or supply; superabundance; richness; as, an exuberance of joy, of fancy, or of foliage. Syn. -- Abundance; superabundance; excess; plenty; copiousness; profusion; richness; overflow; overgrowth; rankness; wantonness. See Abundance. Exuberancy Ex*u"ber*an*cy (?), . Exuberance. Exuberant Ex*u"ber*ant (?), a. [L. exuberans, exuberantis, p. pr. of exuberare to be abundant; ex + uberare to be fruitful, fr. uber fruitful, fertile, uber udder: cf. F. exub\'82rant. See Udder.] Characterized by abundance or superabundance; plenteous; rich; overflowing; copious or excessive in production; as, exuberant goodness; an exuberant intellect; exuberant foliage. "Exuberant spring." Thomson. -- Ex*u"ber*ant*ly, adv. Exuberate Ex*u"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. exuberatus, p. p. of exuberare. See Exuberant, n.] To abound; to be in great abundance. [Obs.] Boyle. Exuccous Ex*uc"cous (?), a. See Exsuccous. [Obs.] Exudate Ex*u"date (?), v. t. & i. [See Exude.] To exude. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Exudation Ex`u*da"tion (?), n. The act of exuding; sweating; a discharge of humors, moisture, juice, or gum, as through pores or incisions; also, the substance exuded. Resins, a class of proximate principles, existing in almost all plants and appearing on the external surface of many of them in the form of exudations. Am. Cyc. Exude Ex*ude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exuded; p. pr. & vb. n. exuding.] [L. exudare, exsudare, exudatum, exsudatum, to sweat out; ex out + sudare to sweat: cf. F. exuder, exsuder. See Sweat.] To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other liquid matter; to give out. Our forests exude turpentine in . . . abundance. Dr. T. Dwight. Exude Ex*ude", v. i. To flow from a body through the pores, or by a natural discharge, as juice. Exulcerate Ex*ul"cer*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. exulceratus, p. p. of exulcerare to make sore; ex out + ulcerare. See Ulcerate.] 1. To ulcerate. [Obs.] "To exulcerate the lungs." Evelyn. 2. To corrode; to fret; to chafe; to inflame. [Obs.] Minds exulcerated in themselves. Hooker. Exulcerate Ex*ul"cer*ate (?), a. [L. exulceratus, p. p.] Very sore; ulcerated. [Obs.] Bacon. Exulceration Ex*ul`cer*a"tion (?), n. [L. exulceratio: cf. F. exulc\'82ration.] [Obs. or R.] 1. Ulceration. Quincy. 2. A fretting; a festering; soreness. Hooker. Exulcerative Ex*ul"cer*a*tive (?), a. Tending to cause ulcers; exulceratory. Holland. Exulceratory Ex*ul"cer*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. exulceratorius: cf. F. exulc\'82ratoire.] Having a tendency to form ulcers; rendering ulcerous. Exult Ex*ult" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exulting.] [L. exultare, exsultare, exultatum, exsultatum, to leap vigorously, to exult, intens. fr. exsilire to spring out or up; ex out + salire to spring, leap: cf. F. exulter. See Salient.] To be in high spirits; figuratively, to leap for joy; to rejoice in triumph or exceedingly; to triumph; as, an exulting heart. "An exulting countenance." Bancroft. The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego, And leap exulting like the bounding roe. Pope. Exultance, Exultancy Ex*ult"ance (?), Ex*ult"an*cy (?), n. [L. exsultantia.] Exultation. [Obs.] Burton. Hammond. Exultant Ex*ult"ant (?), a. [L. exsultans, exsultantis, p. pr. of exsultare. See Exult.] Inclined to exult; characterized by, or expressing, exultation; rejoicing triumphantly. Break away, exultant, from every defilement. I. Tay;or. Exultation Ex`ul*ta"tion (?; 277), n. [L. exsultatio: cf. F. exultation.] The act of exulting; lively joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight; triumph. His bosom swelled with exultation. Prescott. Exulting Ex*ult"ing, a. Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant. -- Ex*ult"ing*ly, adv. Exundate Ex*un"date (?), v. i. [L. exundatus, p. p. of exundare to overflow; ex out + undare. See Undated waved.] To overflow; to inundate. [Obs.] Bailey. Exundation Ex`un*da"tion (?), n. [L. exundatio.] An overflow, or overflowing abundance. [R.] Ray. Exungulate Ex*un"gu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exungulated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exungulating(?).] [L. exungulare to lose the hoof, ex out, from + ungula. See Ungula.] To pare off, as nails, the hoof, etc. [R.] Exuperable Ex*u"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. exuperabilis, exsuperabilis. See Exuperate.] Surmountable; superable. [Obs.] Johnson. Exuperance Ex*u"per*ance (?), n. [L. exuperantia, exsuperantia.] Superiority; superfluity. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. Exuperant Ex*u"per*ant (?), a. [L. exuperans, exsuperans, p. pr.] Surpassing; exceeding; surmounting. [Obs.] Exuperate Ex*u"per*ate (?), v. t. [L. exuperatus, exsuperatus, p. p. of exuperare, exsuperare to excel; ex out + superare to go over, super above, over.] To excel; to surmount. [Obs.] Exuperation Ex*u`per*a"tion (?), n. [See Exurgent.] The act of rising or coming into view. [Obs.] Baxter. Exurgent Ex*ur"gent (?), a. [L. exurgens, exsurgens, p. pr. of exurgere, exsurgere, to rise up; ex out + surgere to rise.] Arising; coming to light. [Obs.] Exuscitate Ex*us"ci*tate (?), v. t. See Exsuscitate [Obs.] T. Adams. Exustion Ex*us"tion (?; 106), n. [L. exustio, fr. exurere, exustum, to burn up; ex out + urere to burn.] The act or operation of burning up. Bailey. Exutory Ex*u"to*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. exutoire. See Exuv.] (Med.) An issue. Exuvia Ex*u"vi*a (?), n. sing. of Exuvi\'91. Exuviability Ex*u`vi*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of shedding the skin periodically. Craig. Exuviable Ex*u"vi*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. exuviable.] Capable of being cast off in the form of exuvi\'91. Exuvi\'91 Ex*u"vi*\'91, n. pl. [L., fr. exuere to draw out or off, to pull off.] 1. (Zo\'94l) Cast skins, shells, or coverings of animals; any parts of animals which are shed or cast off, as the skins of snakes, the shells of lobsters, etc. 2. (Geol.) The fossil shells and other remains which animals have left in the strata of the earth. Exuvial Ex*u"vi*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to exuvi\'91. "Exuvial layers." "Exuvial deposits." _________________________________________________________________ Page 534 Exuviate Ex*u"vi*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exuviated, p. pr. & vb. n. Exuviating.] ( [From Exuviae.] (Zo\'94l.) To shed an old covering or condition preliminary to taking on a new one; to molt. There is reason to suppose that very old crayfish do not exuviate every year. Huxley. Exuviation Ex*u`vi*a"tion (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The rejecting or casting off of some part, more particularly, the outer cuticular layer, as the shells of crustaceans, skins of snakes, etc.; molting; ecdysis. Ex-voto Ex`-vo"to (?), n.;pl. Ex-votos (-t\'94z). [L. ex out of, in accordance with + voto, abl. of votum a vow.] An offering to a church in fulfillment of a vow. Ey Ey (?), n.[AS.\'c6g. Cf.Eyot.] An island. [Obs.] Ey Ey, n.; pl. Eyren (. See Egg. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ey Ey, an interj. of wonder or inquiry. [Obs.] Chaucer. Eya-let E`ya-let" (?), n. [Turk.,fr. Ar.iy\'belah.] Formerly, one of the administrative divisions or provinces of the Ottoman Empire; -- now called a vilayet. Eyas Ey`as (?), n. [F.niais fresh from the nest, a derivative fr. L. nidus nest. E. an eyas for a nias. See Nest, and cf. Nias, Jashawk.] (Zo\'94l.) A nesting or unfledged Lird; in falconry, a young hawk from the nest, not able to pr Shak J. H. Walsh Eyas Ey"as, a. Jnfledged, or newly fledged. [Obs.] Like eyas hawk up mounts unto the skies, His newly budded pinions assay. Spebser. Eyasmusket Ey"as*mus`ket (?), n. [Eyas + muske the brid.] An unfledged or young male sparrow hawk. [Obs.] Shak. Eye Eye (?), n. [Prob. fr. nye, an eye being for a nye. See Nye.] (Zo\'94l.) A brood; as, an eye of pheasants. Eye Eye (?), n. [OE. eghe, eighe, eie, eye, AS. e\'a0ge; akin to OFries. \'bege, OS. ga, D. oog, Ohg. ouga, G. auge, Icel. auga, Sw. \'94ga, Dan. \'94ie, Goth. aug; cf. OSlav. oko, Lish. akis, L. okulus, Gr. , eye, , the two eyes, Skr. akshi. Diasy, Ocular, Optic, Eyelet, Ogle.] 1. The organ of sight or vision. In man, and the vertebrates generally, it is properly the movable ball or globe in the orbit, but the term often includes the adjacent parts. In most invertebrates the years are immovable ocelli, or compound eyes made up of numerous ocelli. See Ocellus. CAPTION: Description of il lustration: a b Conjunctiva; c Cornea; d Sclerotic; e Choroid; f Cillary Muscle; g Cillary Process; h Iris; i Suspensory Ligament; k Prosterior Aqueous Chamber between h and i; l Anterior Aqueous Chamber; m Crystalline Lens; n Vitreous Humor; o Retina; p Yellow spot; q Center of blind spot; r Artery of Retina in center of the Optic Nerve. NOTE: &hand; The essential parts of the eye are inclosed in a tough outer coat, the sclerotic, to which the muscles moving it are attached, and which in front changes into the transparent cornea. A little way back of cornea, the crystalline lens is suspended, dividing the eye into two unequal cavities, a smaller one in front filled with a watery fluid, the aqueous humor, and larger one behind filled with a clear jelly, the vitreous humor. The sclerotic is lined with a highly pigmented membrane, the choroid, and this is turn is lined in the back half of the eyeball with the nearly transparent retina, in which the fibers of the optic nerve ramify. The choroid in front is continuous with the iris, which has a contractile opening in the center, the pupil, admitting light to the lens which brings the rays to a focus and forms an image upon the retina, where the light, falling upon delicate structures called rods and cones, causes them to stimulate the fibres of the optic nerve to transmit visual impressions to the brain. 2. The faculty of seeing; power or range of vision; hence, judgment or taste in the use of the eye, and in judging of objects; as, to have the eye of sailor; an eye for the beautiful or picturesque. 3. The action of the organ of sight; sight, look; view; ocular knowledge; judgment; opinion. In my eye, she is the sweetest lady that I looked on. Shak. 4. The space commanded by the organ of sight; scope of vision; hence, face; front; the presence of an object which is directly opposed or confronted; immediate presence. We shell express our duty in his eye. Shak. Her shell your hear disproved to her eyes. Shak. 5. Observation; oversight; watch; inspection; notice; attention; regard. "Keep eyes upon her." Shak. Booksellers . . . have an eye to their own advantage. Addison. 6. That which resembles the organ of sight, in form, position, or appearance; as: (a) (Zo\'94l.) The spots on a feather, as of peacock. (b) The scar to which the adductor muscle is attached in oysters and other bivalve shells; also, the adductor muscle itself, esp. when used as food, as in the scallop. (c) The bud or sprout of a plant or tuber; as the eye of a potato. (d) The center of a target; the bull's-eye. (e) A small loop to receive a hook; as hooks and eyes on a dress. (f) The hole through the head of a needle. (g) A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a rope, hook, pin, shaft, etc.; as an eye at the end of a tie bar in a bridge truss; as an eye through a crank; an eye at the end of rope. (h) The hole through the upper millstone. 7. That which resembles the eye in relative importance or beauty. "The very eye of that proverb." Shak. Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of arts. Milton. 8. Tinge; shade of color. [Obs.] Red with an eye of blue makes a purple. Boyle. By the eye, in abundance. [Obs.] Marlowe. -- Elliott eye (Naut.), a loop in a hemp cable made around a thimble and served. -- Eye agate, a kind of circle agate, the central part of which are of deeper tints than the rest of the mass. Brande & C. -- Eye animalcule (Zo\'94l), a flagellate infusorian belonging to Euglena and related genera; -- so called because it has a colored spot like an eye at one end. -- Eye doctor, an oculist. -- Eye of a volute (Arch.), the circle in the center of volute. -- Eye of day, Eye of the morning, Eye of heaven, the sun. "So gently shuts the eye day." Mrs. Barbauld. -- Eye of a ship, the foremost part in the bows of a ship, where, formerly, eyes were painted; also, the hawser holes. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Half an eye, very imperfect sight; a careless glance; as, to see a thing with half an eye; often figuratively. "Those who have but half an eye. " B. Jonson. -- To catch one's eye, to attract one's notice. -- To find favor in the eyes (of), to be graciously received and treated. -- To have an eye to, to pay particular attention to; to watch. "Have an eye to Cinna." Shak. -- To keep an eye on, to watch. -- To set the eyes on, to see; to have a sight of. -- In the eye of the wind (Naut.), in a direction opposed to the wind; as, a ship sails in the eye of the wind. Eye Eye (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eyed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Eying OR Eyeing.] To fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, or with fixed attention; to hold in view. Eye me, blest Providence, and square my trial To my proportioned strength. Milton. Eye Eye, v. i. To appear; to look. [Obs.] My becomings kill me, when they do not Eye well to you. Shak. Eyeball Eye"ball` (?), n. The ball or globe of the eye. Eyebar Eye"bar` (?), n. (Engin.) A bar with an eye at one or both ends. Eyebeam Eye"beam` (?), n. A glance of the eye. Shak. Eyebolt Eye"bolt` (?), n. (Mach.) A bolt which a looped head, or an opening in the head. Eyebright Eye"bright` (?), n. (Bot.) A small annual plant (Euphrasia officinalis), formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of the eye. Eyebrow Eye"brow` (?), n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. Shak. Eyecup Eye"cup` (?), n. A small oval porcelain or glass cup, having a rim curved to fit the orbit of the eye. it is used in the application of liquid remedies to eyes; -- called also eyeglass. Eyed Eyed (?), a. Heaving (such or so many) eyes; -- used in composition; as sharp-eyed; dull-eyed; sad-eyed; ox-eyed Juno; myriad-eyed. Eyedrop Eye"drop" (?), n. A tear. [Poetic] Shak. Eyeflap Eye"flap" (?), n. A blinder on a horse's bridle. Eyeful Eye"ful (?), a. Filling or satisfying the eye; visible; remarkable. [Obs.] "Eyeful trophies." Chapman. Eyeglance Eye"glance` (?), n. A glance of eye. Eyeglass Eye"glass` (?), n. 1. A lens of glass to assist the sight. Eyeglasses are used singly or in pairs. 2. Eyepiece of a telescope, microscope, etc. 3. The retina. [Poetic] 4. A glass eyecup. See Eyecup. Eyehole Eye"hole` (?), n. A circular opening to recive a hook, cord, ring, or rope; an eyelet. Eyelash Eye"lash` (?), n. 1. The fringe of hair that edges the eyelid; -- usually in the pl. 2. A hair of the fringe on the edge of the eyelid. Eyeless Eye"less` (?), a. Without eyes; blind. "Eyeless rage." Shak. Eyelet Eye"let` (?), n. [F., dim. of oculus. See Eye, and cf. Oillet.] 1. A small hole or perforation to receive a cord or fastener, as in garments, sails, etc. 2. A metal ring or grommet, or short metallic tube, the ends of which can be bent outward and over to fasten it in place; -- used to line an eyelet hole. Eyelet hole, a hole made for an eyelet. -- Eyelet punch, a machine for punching eyelet holes and fastening eyelets, as in paper or cloth. -- Eyelet ring. See Eyelet, 2. Eyeleteer Eye`let*eer" (?), n. A small, sharp-pointed instrument used in piercing eyelet holes; a stiletto. Eyelid Eye`lid" (?), n. (Anat.) The cover of the eye; that portion of movable skin with which an animal covers or uncovers the eyeball at pleasure. Eyen Ey"en (?), n. pl. Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Eyepiece Eye"piece` (?), n. (Opt.) The lens, or combination of lenses, at the eye end of a telescope or other optical instrument, through which the image formed by the mirror or object glass is viewed. Collimating eyepiece. See under Collimate. -- Negative, or Huyghenian, eyepiece, an eyepiece consisting of two plano-convex lenses with their curved surfaces turned toward the object glass, and separated from each other by about half the sum of their focal distances, the image viewed by the eye being formed between the two lenses. it was devised by Huyghens, who applied it to the telescope. Campani applied it to the microscope, whence it is sometimes called Campani's eyepiece. -- Positive eyepiece, an eyepiece consisting of two plano-convex lenses placed with their curved surfaces toward each other, and separated by a distance somewhat less than the focal distance of the one nearest eye, the image of the object viewed being beyond both lenses; -- called also, from the name of the inventor, Ramsden's eyepiece. -- terrestrial, or Erecting eyepiece, an eyepiece used in telescopes for viewing terrestrial objects, consisting of three, or usually four, lenses, so arranged as to present the image of the object viewed in an erect position. Eyer Ey"er (?), n. One who eyes another. Gayton. Eyreach Ey"reach` (?), n. The range or reach of the eye; eyeshot. "A seat in eyereach of him." B. Jonson. Eyesaint Eye"*saint` (?), n. An object of interest to the eye; one wirehaired with the eyes. [Obs.] That's the eye-saint, I know, Among young gallants. Beau. & Fl. Eyesalve Eye"salve` (?), n. Ointment for the eye. Eyeservant Eye"serv`ant (?), n. A servant who attends faithfully to his duty only when watched. Eyeservice Eye"serv`ice (?), n. Service performed only under inspection, or the eye of an employer. Not with eyeservice, as menpleasers. Col. iii. 22. Eyeshot Eye"shot` (?), n. Range, reach, or glance of the eye; view; sight; as, to be out of eyeshot. Dryden. Eyesight Eye"sight` (?), n. Sight of the eye; the sense of seeing; view; observation. Josephus sets this down from his own eyesight. Bp. Wilkins. Eyesore Eye"sore` (?), n. Something offensive to the eye or sight; a blemish. Mordecai was an eyesore to Haman. L'Estrange. Eyesplice Eye"*splice` (?), n. (Naut.) A splice formed by bending a rope's and back, and fastening it into the rope, forming a loop or eye. See Illust. under Splice. Eyespot Eye"*spot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A simple visual organ found in many invertebrates, consisting of pigment cells covering a sensory nerve termination. (b) An eyelike spot of color. Eyespotted Eye"*spot`ted (?), a. Marked with spots like eyes. Junno's bird, in her eye-spotted train. Spenser. Eyestalk Eye"stalk` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the movable peduncles which, in the decapod Crustacea, bear the eyes at the tip. Eyestone Eye"stone` (?), n. 1. A small, lenticular, calcareous body, esp. an operculum of a small shell of the family Tubinid, used to remove a foreign sub stance from the eye. It is rut into the inner corner of the eye under the lid, and allowed to work its way out at the outer corner, bringing with the substance. 2. (Min.) Eye agate. See under Eye. Eyestring Eye"string` (?), n. The tendon by which the eye is moved. Shak. Eyet Ey"et (?), n. An island. See Eyot. Eyetooth Eye"tooth (?), n.; pl. Eyeteeth ( (Anat.) A canine tooth of the upper jaw. See Teeth. To cut one's eyeteeth, to become acute or knowing. [Colloq.] Eyewater Eye"wa`ter (?), n. (Med.) A wash or lotion for application to the eyes. Eyewink Eye"wink` (?), n. A wink; a token. Shak. Eyewinker Eye"wink`er (?), n. An eyelash. [A child's word.] Eyewitness Eye"wit`ness (?), n. One who sees a thing done; one who has ocular view anything. We . . . were eyewitnesses of his majesty. 2 Pet. i. 16. Eyghen Ey"ghen (?), n. pl. Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Eyehgt Eyehgt (?), n. An island. See Eyot. Eyle Eyle (?) v. t.& i. To ail. [Obs.] Chaucer. Eyil-ad Ey"il-ad (?), n. See (Eiliad. Eyne, OR Eyen Eyne (?), OR Ey"en (?), n. Plural of eye; obsolete, or used only in poetry. Shak. With such a plaintive gaze their eyne Are fastened upwardly on mine. Mrs. Browning. Eyot Ey"ot (?), n. [Ey (AS. \'c6g or Icel. ey) + F. dim. termination -ot; cf. AS. \'c6geo&edt;. See Island, and cf. Ait.] A little island in a river or lake. See Ait. [Written also ait, ayt, eey, eyet, and eyght.] Blackstone. Eyr Eyr (?), n. [See Air.] Air. [Obs.] Chaucer. Eyra Ey"ra (?), n. [Native South American name.] (Zo\'94l.) A wild cat (Felis eyra) ranging from southern Brazil to Texas. It is reddish yellow and about the size of the domestic cat, but with a more slender body and shorter legs. Eyre Eyre (?), n. [OF. erre journey, march, way, fr. L. iter, itineris, a going, way, fr. the root of ire to go. Cf. Errant, Itinerant, Issue.] (O. Eng. Law) A journey in circuit of certain judges called justices in eyre (or in itinere). NOTE: &hand; Th ey we re it inerant ju dges, wh o rode the circuit, holding courts in the different counties. Eyren Ey"ren (?), n. pl. See Ey, an egg. Eyrie, Eyry Ey"rie, Ey"ry (?), n.; pl>. Ey"ries (#). [See Aerie] The nest of a bird of prey or other large bird that builds in a lofty place; aerie. The eagle and the stork On cliffs and cedar tops their eyries build. Milton. Eysell Ey"sell (?), n. Same as Eisel. [Obs.] Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 535 _________________________________________________________________ Page 535 F.