Unabridged Dictionary - Letter G
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G
G (?)
1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal
consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the
other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.
NOTE: The fo rm of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it
first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the
Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically
it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn,
grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to
ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall,
choler; gust, choose. See C.
2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model
scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also
originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the
character represented in the margin. See Clef. G# (G sharp) is a tone
intermediate between G and A.
Gab
Gab (?), n. [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine) The hook on the end of an
eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric.
Gab
Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery,
or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i.,
Gibber.] The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk;
loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression.
[Colloq.]
Gab
Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to
mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.]
1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.
Gabarage
Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]
Gabardine, Gaberdine
Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (, n. [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina,
OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp.
& OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great
coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.] A
coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean
dress. Shak.
Gabber
Gab"ber (?), n.
1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]
2. One addicted to idle talk.
Gabble
Gab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling
(?).] [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.]
1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber.
Shak.
2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls.
Dryden.
Gabble
Gab"ble, n.
1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning.
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders. Milton.
2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.
Gabbier
Gab"bier (?), n. One who gabbles; a prater.
Gabbro
Gab"bro (?), n. [It.] (Geol.) A name originally given by the Italians
to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now
generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of
lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes
chrysolite (olivine gabbro).
Gabel
Ga"bel (?), n. [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain
origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service, tribute,
custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise. Burrill.
He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish.
Jer. Taylor.
Gabeler
Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A collector of gabels or taxes.
Gabelle
Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt. [France]
Brande & C.
Gabelleman
Ga*belle"man (?), n. A gabeler. Carlyle.
Gaberdine
Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See Gabardine.
Gaber-lunzie
Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.] A
beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Gabert
Gab"ert (?), n. [Cf.F.gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.] A lighter, or vessel
for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Gabion
Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from
gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.]
1. (Fort.) A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a
bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in
building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with
stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor
improvement.
Gabionade
Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F. gabionnade.]
1. (Fort.) A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their
flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.
2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in
harbor improvements.
Gabionage
Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of a
fortification built of gabions.
Gabioned
Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished with gabions.
Gabionnade
Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See Gabionade.
Gable
Ga"ble (?), n. A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.
Gable
Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a
building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel
gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. cephalic,
or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of
gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a
building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the
roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a
gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as
distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member
having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic
arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double
sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as
Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable.
Gablet
Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed
over a tabernacle, niche, etc.
Gablock
Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on the
heel of a gamecock. Wright.
Gaby
Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A
simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]
Gad
Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting,
Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.]
1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.
2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge
used in mining, etc.
I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write
these words. Shak.
3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.
4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.
5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.]
Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon.
6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to
drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.
Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this
done upon the gad!" Shak.
Gad
Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] [Prob. fr.
gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or
go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled.
"The gadding vine." Milton.
Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way? Jer. ii. 36.
Gadabout
Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A gadder [Colloq.]
Gadbee
Gad"bee` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gadfly.
Gadder
Gad"der (?), n. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.
Gadding
Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets. Bacon.
The good nuns would check her gadding tongue. Tennyson.
Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so
arranged as to drill a line of holes.
Gaddingly
Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving, idle manner.
Gaddish
Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and
folly." Abp. Leighton.
Gade
Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small British fish
(Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray
Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.]
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Gadere, Gadre
Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (, v. t. & i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gadfly
Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies.
NOTE: &hand; Th e sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in
the nostrils of sheep, and the larv\'91 develop in the frontal
sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis)
deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larv\'91 or bots
live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse
produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots.
The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the
true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies.
Gadfly petrel (Zo\'94l.), one of several small petrels of the genus
Oestrelata.
Gadhelic
Gadhel"ic (g&amac;l"&icr;k), a. [See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that
division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic,
and Manx. J. Peile.
Gadic
Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod
(Gadus); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz.,
gadic acid.
Gaditanian
Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating
to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.
Gadling
Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + -ling.] (Medi\'91val Armor) [R.] See Gad,
n., 4.
Gadling
Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.]
Gadling
Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Gadman
Gadman (?), n. A gadsman.
Gadoid
Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gado\'8bde gadoid,
Gr. gade.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family of fishes
(Gadid\'91) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of
the Gadid\'91. [Written also gadid.]
Gadolinia
Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth,
regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by
others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium,
etc.
Gadolinic
Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.
Gadolinite
Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.)
A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting
principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.
Gadolinium
Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare
metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated
with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties
have not yet been determined.
Gadsman
Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a gad or goad in driving.
Gaduin
Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown
amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.
Gadwall
Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zo\'94l.) A large duck
(Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of
Europe and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.]
Gael
Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of
the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of
Celtic origin.
Gaelic
Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael. G\'85idhealach, Gaelach, from G\'85idheal,
Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Gael,
esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.
Gaelic
Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael. Gaelig, G\'85ilig.] The language of the Gaels,
esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.
Gaff
Gaff (?), n. [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull
great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to
G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. CF. Gaffle, Gable.]
1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in
securing heavy fish.
2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail
is extended.
3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.
Gaff
Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.] To
strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as,
to gaff a salmon.
Gaffer
Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer
for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.]
1. An old fellow; an aged rustic.
Go to each gaffer and each goody. Fawkes.
NOTE: &hand; Ga ffer wa s or iginally a re spectful ti tle, no w
degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed
to an aged man in humble life.
2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]
Gaffle
Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G.
gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.]
1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.
2. A lever to bend crossbows.
Gaff-topsail
Gaff`-top"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A small triangular sail having its foot
extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.
Gag
Gag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging (?).]
[Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening,
entrance.]
1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder
speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow
freedom of speech to. Marvell.
The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and
reason to be hood winked. Maccaulay.
2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag.
Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ).
3. To cause to heave with nausea.
Gag
Gag, v. i.
1. To heave with nausea; to retch.
2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang]
Cornill Mag.
Gag
Gag, n.
1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.
2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton
fat. Lamb.
3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in
his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local
allusion. [Slang]
Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's
mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the
gag rein.
Gagate
Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.] Agate.
[Obs.] Fuller.
Gage
Gage (?), n. [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth.
wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.]
1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for
the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited
by nonperformance; security.
Nor without gages to the needy lend. Sandys.
2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to
combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a
challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak.
Gage
Gage (?), n. [So called because an English family named Gage imported
the greengage from France, in the last century.] A variety of plum;
as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc.,
having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage.
Gage
Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n. Gaging (?).] [Cf.
F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.]
1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or
wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.]
A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. Shak.
2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.
Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me
gaged. Shak.
Gage
Gage, n. A measure or standart. See Gauge, n.
Gage
Gage, v. t. To measure. See Gauge, v. t.
You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Shak.
Gager
Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See Gauger.
Gagger
Gag"ger (?), n.
1. One who gags.
2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep
the sand in place.
Gaggle
Gag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling
(?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln,
gackern, MHG. g, E. giggle, cackle.] To make a noise like a goose; to
cackle. Bacon.
Gaggle
Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) A flock of wild geese.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Gagtooth
Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl. Gagteeth (. A projecting tooth. [Obs.]
Gag-toothed
Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having gagteeth. [Obs.]
Gahnite
Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Zinc
spinel; automolite.
Gaidic
Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied
to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.
Gaiety
Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as Gayety.
Gailer
Gail"er (?), n. A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gaillard
Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard.
Chaucer.
Gailliarde
Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See Galliard a dance.] A lively French and
Italian dance.
Gaily
Gai"ly (?), adv. [From Gay.] Merrily; showily. See gaily.
Gain
Gain (?), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch
cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a
floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.
Gain
Gain, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready,
serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. CF. Ahain.]
Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy;
profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gain
Gain (?), n. [OE. gain, gein, ga, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to
Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob.
influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.]
1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit,
advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss.
But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ.
Phil. iii. 7.
Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6.
Every one shall share in the gains. Shak.
2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions;
acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson.
Gain
Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] [From
gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF.
gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr.
weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei hunting, AS. wa, cf. L.
venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.]
1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or
labor; as, to gain a good living.
What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose
his own soul? Matt. xvi. 26.
To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. Milton.
For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. Pope.
2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by
competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a
prize.
3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to
conciliate.
If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt. xviii.
15.
To gratify the queen, and gained the court. Dryden.
4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a
mountain; to gain a good harbor.
Forded Usk and gained the wood. Tennyson.
5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or
Ironical]
Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this
harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21.
Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the
earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any
undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain
over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the
wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship. Syn. -- To
obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain.
-- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion;
win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains
knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a
victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.
Gain
Gain (?), v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire
gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to
make progress; as, the sick man gains daily.
Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek.
xxii. 12.
Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which
increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on OR upon.
(a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain
influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a
race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of.
The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant,
but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison.
My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to
conceive hopes of liberty. Swift.
Gainable
Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.] Capable of being
obtained or reached. Sherwood.
Gainage
Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage
pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows,
wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit
made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier.
Gainer
Gain"er (?), n. One who gains. Shak.
Gainful
Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful
speculation." Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain"ful*ness, n.
Gaingiving
Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See Again, and Give.] A misgiving. [Obs.]
Gainless
Gain"less, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond. --
Gain"less/ness, n.
Gainly
Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain, a.] Handily; readily; dexterously;
advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Gainpain
Gain"pain` (?), n.[F. gagner to gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a
term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.
Gainsay
Gain`say" (? OR ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? OR ?); p. pr.
& vb. n. Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and Say
to utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to
forbid.
I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall
not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15.
The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy
mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak.
Gainsayer
Gain`say"er (?), n. One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To
convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.
Gainsome
Gain"some (?), a.
1. Gainful.
2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger.
'Gainst
'Gainst (?), prep. A contraction of Against.
Gainstand
Gain"stand` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n.
gainstanding.] [See Again, and Stand.] To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]
Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires. Sir P.
Sidney.
Gainstrive
Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i. [See Again, and Strive.] To strive or
struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gairfowl
Gair"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Garefowl.
Gairish, a., Gairishly, adv., Gairish/ness
Gair"ish (?), a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ish/ness, n. Same as Garish,
Garishly, Garishness.
Gait
Gait (?), n. [See Gate a way.]
1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.
Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass. Shak.
2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.
'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. Shak.
Gaited
Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as,
slow-gaited; heavy-gaited.
Gaiter
Gait"er (?), n. [F. gu\'88tre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German
origin, and akin to E. wear, v.]
1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the
whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.
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2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.
Gaiter
Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress with gaiters.
Gaitre, Gaytre
Gai"tre, Gay"tre (, n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Gala
Ga"la (?), n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of
German origin. See Gallant.] Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala
day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.
Galacta-gogue
Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) An agent exciting secretion of
milk.
Galactic
Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.]
1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid.
2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way.
Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which
the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic
poles, the poles of the galactic circle.
Galactin
Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous
substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids.
It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or
emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the
South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An amorphous, gummy
carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous
plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including
galactose.
Galactodensimeter
Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. densimeter.] Same as
Galactometer.
Galactometer
Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. galactom\'8atre. Cf.
Lactometer.] An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e.,
its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a
lactometer.
Galactophagist
Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who eats, or subsists on, milk.
Galactophagous
Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. galactophade.] Feeding on milk.
Galactophorous
Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.]
(Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary
glands.
Galactopoietic
Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk;
milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance.
Galactose
Ga*lac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6,
isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar,
and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called
also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).<-- lactose is a
dimeric form of galactose, converted to galactose by acid or enzymatic
activity (beta-galactosidase) -->
Galage
Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.) See Galoche. Spenser.
Galago
Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl. Galagos (#). [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of African lemurs, including numerous species.
NOTE: &hand; Th e gr and galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the
size of a cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a
mouse.
Galanga, Galangal
Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal (?), n.[OE. galingale, OF. galingal,
garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj. ] The
pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese
species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the
K\'91mpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family.
Galantine
Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F. galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or
other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold.
Smart.
Galapee tree
Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.) The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a
tree with very large digitate leaves.
Galatian
Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. --
A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the
Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.
Galaxy
Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl. Galaxies (#). [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr.
lac. CF. Lacteal.]
1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is
seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of
innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable
only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote
clusters of stars. Nichol.
2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.
Galban, Galbanum
Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?), n. [L. galbanum, Gr. klekb'n: cf. F.
galbanum.] A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic
umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of
South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid,
bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical
purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.
Gale
Gale (?), n. [Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel.
galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song,
witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel.
gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.]
1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a
hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests.
NOTE: &hand; Ga les ha ve a ve locity of fr om ab out ei ghteen
("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our.
Sir. W. S. Harris.
2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.
A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak.
And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft
wings. Milton.
3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.
The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New
England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford).
Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant
sails.
Gale
Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.) To sale, or sail fast.
Gale
Gale, n [OE. gal. See Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.] Toone.
Gale
Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and
gale." Court of Love.
Gale
Gale, n [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry.
The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.
Gale
Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.] The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley
& W. Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.
Galea
Ga"le*a (?), n.[L., a helmet. ]
1. (Bot.) The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.
2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head.
3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head.
4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped
shell.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the
maxillae in certain insects.
Galeas
Gal"e*as (?), n. See Galleass.
Galeate, Galeated
Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted (?), a. [L. galeatus, p.p. of galeare
helmet.]
1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.
2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower,
etc.; helmet-shaped.
Galei
Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the
sharks.
Galena
Ga*le"na (?), n.[L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting
lead: cf. F. gal\'8ane sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison,
stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]
1. (Med.) A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.
2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish
gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and
cleavage.
False galena. See Blende.
Galenic, Galenical
Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al (, a. Pertaining to, or containing,
galena.
Galenic, Galenical
Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, an. [From Galen, the physician.] Relating to
Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison.
Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the
preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as
distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.
Galenism
Ga"len*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Galen.
Galenist
Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of Galen.
Galenite
Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.) Galena; lead ore.
Gale-opithecus
Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of flying
Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs. See Colugo.
Galericu-late
Gal`er*ic"u-late (?), a. [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or
cap, fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart.
Galerite
Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. gal\'82rite.]
(Paleon.) A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.
Galician
Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus,
Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or pertaining
to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland.
-- n. A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan.
Galilean
Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean
telescope. See Telescope.
Galilean
Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr.
galil\'82en.] Of or relating to Galilee.
Galilean
Gal`i*le"an, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of
Palestine under the Romans.
2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the
payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite.
3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by
Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.
Galilee
Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the
scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galil\'82e.] (Arch.) A
porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church,
where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies
were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see
the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also,
frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham
cathedrals. Gwilt.
Galimatias
Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n. [F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning
talk; confused mixture.
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries.
Walpole.
Galingale
Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family
(Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same
genus. Chaucer.
Meadow, set with slender galingale. Tennyson.
Galiot
Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A
small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for
speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and
sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch
merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large
gaff mainsail.
Galipot
Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch
tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine
trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When
purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch.
Gall
Gall (?), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG.
galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. yellow. Yellow,
and cf. Choler]
1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall
bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver,
or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.
2. The gall bladder.
3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.
He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5.
Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden.
4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]
Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall,
is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust.
of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as
the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting
bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth
(Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft
leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.
Gall
Gall (?), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zo\'94l.) An
excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or
their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and
Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The
larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites,
etc. See Gallnut.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ga lls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by
insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria
or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain
much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and
for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.
Gall insect (Zo\'94l.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge
(Zo\'94l.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall
oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce.
-- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of
melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall
wasp. (Zo\'94l.) See Gallfly.
Gall
Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.
Gall
Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] [OE.
gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a
disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of
uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.]
1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by
rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle
galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.
I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak.
2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.
They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh.
Shak.
3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the
shot of the enemy.
In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with
our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their
arrows. Addison.
Gall
Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.
Gall
Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing.
Gallant
Gal"lant (?), a. [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice,
akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf.
OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g
wanton, wicked, OS. g merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or
perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.]
1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed.
The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn.
Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak.
2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous;
heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer.
That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak.
The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave. Waller.
Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an
inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a
spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher,
denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure.
A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant
man dashes into the midst of the conflict.
Gallant
Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to
women; chivalrous.
Gallant
Gal*lant" (?; 277), n.
1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood.
Shak.
2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.
3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer.
Addison.
NOTE: &hand; In the first sense it is by some ortho\'89pists (as in
Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.
Gallant
Gal*lant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallanting.]
1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play.
2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan.
[Obs.] Addison.
Gallantly
Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or
wooer.
Gallantly
Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a gallant manner.
Gallantness
Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The quality of being gallant.
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Gallantry
Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl. Gallantries (#). [F. galanterie.]
1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]
Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk
whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller.
2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry.
3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention
or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of
principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.
4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.]
Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak.
Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.
Gallate
Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A
salt of gallic acid.
Gallature
Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) The
tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.
Galleass
Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F. gal\'82asse, gal\'82ace; cf. It. galeazza,
Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.) A large galley,
having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a
vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th
centuries. See Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously galeas,
gallias, etc.]
NOTE: &hand; "T he ga lleasses . . . were a third larger than the
ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves.
They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a
castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats
for the rowers amidships."
Motley.
Gallegan, Gallego
Gal*le"gan (?), Gal*le"go (? or ?), n. [Sp. Gallego.] A native or
inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.
Galle\'8bn
Gal"le*\'8bn (?), n. [Pyrogallol + phthale\'8bn.] (Chem.) A red
crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and
phthalic acids.
Galleon
Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio.
See Galley.] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and following
centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or
commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any
large sailing vessel.
The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with
bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern,
like castels. Motley.
Galleot
Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.) See Galiot.
Gallery
Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl Galleries (#). [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr.
LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf.
OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.]
1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting
passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or
passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.
2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery;
hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures,
etc.
3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public
hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or
columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or
spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the
hall.
4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or
quarter of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry, --
seldom found in vessels built since 1850.
5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at
the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery.
6. (Mining) A working drift or level.
Whispering gallery. See under Whispering.
Galletyle
Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little tile of
glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon.
Galley
Gal"ley (?), n.; pl. Galleys (#). [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie,
gal\'82e, LL. galea, LGr.
1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails
or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; --
common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name
given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels
propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by
customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of
the small boats carried by a man-of-war.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ty pical galley of the Mediterranean was from one
hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each
side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried
guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve
hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons,
galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all
modifications of this type.
2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; --
sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.
3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a
gallery furnace.
4. [F. gal\'82e; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An
oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type
which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken
from type while on a galley; a galley proof.
Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to
work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave."
Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large
galley. Knight.
Galley-bird
Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European
green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]
Galley-worm
Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along
the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zo\'94l.) A
chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having
numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs."
See Chilognatha.
Gallfly
Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gallflies (. (Zo\'94l.) An insect that deposits
its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran
of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall.
Gallyambic
Gal`ly*am"bic (?), a. [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of
Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.)
Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks
the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.
Gallian
Gal"li*an (?), a. [See Gallic.] Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.
Galliard
Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf.
Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.]
Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]
Galliard
Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]
Selden is a galliard by himself. Cleveland.
Galliard
Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.] A
gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde.
Never a hall such a galliard did grace. Sir. W. Scott.
Galliardise
Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.] Excessive
gayety; merriment. [Obs.]
The mirth and galliardise of company. Sir. T. Browne.
Galliardness
Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton.
Galliass
Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as Galleass.
Gallic
Gal"lic (?), a. [From Gallium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing,
gallium.
Gallic
Gal"lic (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or
derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like. Gallic acid (Chem.), an
organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being
found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced
artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H,
with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed
in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a
dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which
are the essential ingredients of common black ink.
Gallic
Gal"lic (?), a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the
Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul
or France; Gallican.
Gallican
Gal"li*can (?), a. [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of or pertaining
to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy.
Gallican
Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.
Gallicanism
Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The principles, tendencies, or action of those,
within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought
to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power
of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Gallicism
Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F. gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to the
French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.
Gallicize
Gal"li*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallicizing (?).] To conform to the French mode or idiom.
Gallied
Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.
Galliform
Gal"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in
structure.
Galligaskins
Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco
Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have
been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.]
Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely
and often in a jocose sense.
Gallimatia
Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? OR ?), n. Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See
Galimatias.
Gallimaufry
Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl. Gallimaufries (#). [F. galimafr\'82e a
sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.]
1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.
Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat. King.
2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.
The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many,
partakes much of the Jewish. South.
Gallin
Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance obtained by the reduction of
galle\'8bn.
Gallinaceae
Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Gallinae.
Gallinacean
Gal`li*na"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous
birds.
Gallinaceous
Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus
cock.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or
pertaining to the Gallinae.
Gallinae
Gal*li"nae (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls,
pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called
Rasores.
Galling
Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing;
irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly, adv.
Gallinipper
Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large mosquito.
Gallinule
Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F.
gallinule.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several wading birds, having long,
webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae.
They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating
plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of
the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule
(Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail,
moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it
is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata).
NOTE: &hand; Th e pu rple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was
formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for
that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.
Galliot
Gal"li*ot (?), n. See Galiot.
Gallipoli oil
Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from
Gallipoli, in Italy.
Gallipot
Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is
possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.] A glazed earthen pot or
vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines,
etc.
Gallium
Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare metallic
element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable,
resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low melting point (86
NOTE: &hand; The element was predicted with most of its properties,
under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on
the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its
discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its
characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a
zinc blende from the Pyrenees.
Gallivant
Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon
the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite
plan. [Slang] Dickens.
Gallivat
Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.]
(Naut.) A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the
Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.
Galliwasp
Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A West Indian
lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives
to be venomous.
Gallnut
Gall"nut` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A round gall produced on the leaves and
shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall.
Gallomania
Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.] An excessive
admiration of what is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#), n.
Gallon
Gal"lon (?), n. [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid
measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.] A measure of
capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in
liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.
NOTE: &hand; Th e standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231
cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at
its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is
almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter
and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine
gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States,
contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10
pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62
Galloon
Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ]
1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., --
sometimes made ornamental.
2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold
lace.
Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws.
Addison.
Gallooned
Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished or adorned with galloon.
Gallop
Gal"lop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed
Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehle\'a0pan to leap,
dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a
gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.]
1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at
a gallop; to run or move with speed.
But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne.
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Page 610
2. To ride a horse at a gallop.
3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty
examination.
Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke.
Gallop
Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to gallop.
Gallop
Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.] A mode
of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting
alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or
bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.
Gallopade
Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.]
1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.
2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.
Gallopade
Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallopading.]
1. To gallop, as on horseback.
2. To perform the dance called gallopade.
Galloper
Gal"lop*er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, gallops.
2.
(Mil.) A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the
gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow. Galloper gun
, a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to
British infantry regiments.
Gallopin
Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.] An under servant for
the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell.
Galloping
Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a
galloping horse.
Gallotannic
Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a. [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to
the tannin or nutgalls. Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid, under
Tannic.
Gallow
Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. \'begelwan to stupefy.] To fright or
terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.
Galloway
Gal"lo*way (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small horse of a breed raised at
Galloway, Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron.
Gallowglass
Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A heavy-armed
foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward
Shak.
Gallows
Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl. Gallowses (#) OR Gallows. [OE. galwes,
pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. &
OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. g\'belgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a
cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun
in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is
preceded by a; as, a gallows.]
1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are
executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a
crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything.
So they hanged Haman on the gallows. Esther vii. 10.
If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. Shak.
O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses Shak.
2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak.
3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised.
4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.]
Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows
bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for
supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows
frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an
engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, OR Gallow tree, the
gallows.
At length him nail\'82d on a gallow tree. Spenser.
Gallstone
Gall"stone` (?), n. A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall
bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.
Gally
Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See Gallow, v. t.] To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.
Gally
Gall"y (?), a. Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer.
Gally
Gal"ly (?), n. See Galley, n., 4.
Gallygaskins
Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See Galligaskins.
Galoche, Galoshe
Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (, [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F.
galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr.
LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr.
1. A clog or patten. [Obs.]
Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. Chaucer.
2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.
3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part
of the leg.
Galoot
Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy.
[Slang, U. S.]
Galop
Gal"op (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also,
the music to the dance.
Galore
Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu
le\'95r, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + le\'95r, le\'95ir,
enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.] Plenty; abundance; in
abundance.
Galoshe
Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as Galoche.
Galpe
Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Galsome
Gal"some (?), a. [Gall bitterness + some.] Angry; malignant. [Obs.]
Bp. Morton.
Galt
Galt (?), n [See Gault.] Same as Gault.
Galvanic
Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at
Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery
of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.] Of or
pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or
producing electrical currents. Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus
for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain
liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery. See
Battery. -- Galvanic circuit OR circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. --
Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.
Galvanism
Gal"va*nism (?), n [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.]
(Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain
liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical
science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and
effects of electrical currents.
NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rds ga lvanism an d galvanic, formerly in very
general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from
the name of Volta, is commonly used.
Galvanist
Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed in galvanism.
Galvanization
Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The act of process of galvanizing.
Galvanize
Gal"va*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized (?); p pr. & vb. n.
Galvanizing (?).] [Cf. F. galvaniser.]
1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical
currents.
2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.
3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of
suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious
animation or activity.
4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron.
Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical
deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into
a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction
with the aid of dilute acid.
Galvanizer
Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, galvanize.
Galvanocaustic
Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + caustic.] Relating to the use
of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.
Galvanocautery
Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n. (Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or
needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.
Galvanoglyphy
Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. Same as Glyphography.
Galvanograph
Gal*van"o*graph (?), n. [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving) A copperplate
produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from
such a plate.
Galvanographic
Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to galvanography.
Galvanography
Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + -graphy.]
1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity;
electrotypy.
2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without
etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as
engraved plates.
Galvanologist
Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes the phenomena of
galvanism; a writer on galvanism.
Galvanology
Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Galvanic + -logy.] A treatise on galvanism, or
a description of its phenomena.
Galvanometer
Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanom\'8atre.]
(Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an
electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle.
Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine
galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a
galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of
the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to
the strength of the current passed through the instrument.
Galvanometric
Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a
galvanometer.
Galvanometry
Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the force of
electric currents.
Galvanoplastic
Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + -plastic.] Of or pertaining to
the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the
process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a
medal or the like.
Galvanoplasty
Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf. F. galanoplastie.] The art or process
of electrotypy.
Galvanopuncture
Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n. (Med.) Same as Electro-puncture.
Galvanoscope
Gal*van`o*scope (?), n. [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.]
(Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of
electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.
Galvanoscopic
Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.
Galvanoscopy
Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n (Physiol.) The use of galvanism in
physiological experiments.
Galvanotonus
Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. (Physiol.) Same
as Electrotonus.
Galvanotropism
Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. (Bot.) The tendency of a
root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.
Galwes
Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gama grass
Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.]
(Bot.) A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and
exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the
Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also
sesame grass.
Gamashes
Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F. gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in
Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other
clothing.
Gamba
Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da gamba.
Gambadoes
Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.] Same as
Gamashes.
His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side
with rusty clasps. Sir W. Scott.
Gambeson
Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as Gambison.
Gambet
Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird
of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.
Gambier
Gam"bier (?), n. [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant
(Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and,
under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca
nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written
also gambeer and gambir.]
Gambison
Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of
German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba,
stomach. See Womb.] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body,
made of cloth stuffed and quilted.
Gambist
Gam"bist (?), n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di
gamba. See under Viola.
Gambit
Gam"bit (?), n. [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up.
See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a
pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position. <-- Hence, Fig. any
stratagem; in conversation, a remark, often prepared in advance,
calculated to provoke discussion, amuse, or make a point = a
conversational gambit -->
Gamble
Gam"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling
(?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.] To play or game for money or other
stake.
Gamble
Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away.
"Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates."
Ames.
Gambler
Gam"bler (?), n. One who gambles.
Gamboge
Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several
species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in
masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence
its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a
beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh
cathartic ad emetic. [Written also camboge.]
NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e se veral ki nds of ga mboge, bu t all are
derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order
Guttifer\'91. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from
Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria,
of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called
gamboge butter.
Gambogian, Gambogic
Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic (?), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or
containing, gamboge.
Gambol
Gam"bol (?), n. [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It.
gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr.
L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. cam crooked; perh. akin to E.
chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham,
Gambadoes.] A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive
prank. Dryden.
Gambol
Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Gamboling or Gambolling.] To dance and skip about in sport; to
frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.
Gambrel
Gam"brel (?), n [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel,
Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.]
1. The hind leg of a horse.
2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by butchers in
suspending slaughtered animals.
Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all
parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so
that each gable is pentagonal in form.
Gambrel
Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.
Gambroon
Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.
Game
Game (?), a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked; lame;
as, a game leg. [Colloq.]
Game
Game, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS.,
OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy.
Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.]
1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.
We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak.
2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for
amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance;
games of skill; field games, etc.
But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not
play at. Cowper.
NOTE: &hand; Am ong the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans,
there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength,
agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually
accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the
Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games.
3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a
single contest; as, a game at cards.
Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd.
4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of
points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short
whist five points are game.
5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the
player whose cards counts up the highest.
6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose;
method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.
Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag.
It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest
literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack.
Saintsbury.
7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or
served at, table.
Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the
well-known appellation of game. Blackstone.
Confidence game. See under Confidence. -- To make game of, to make
sport of; to mock. Milton.
Game
Game, a.
1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to
fight to the last; plucky.
I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the
death. W. Irving.
2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the
act or practice of hunting.
Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also,
the whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot
for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys,
and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock,
curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted
to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg, an egg
producing a gamecock. -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and
manner of taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver, a land
owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to
its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding
spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game, to
maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 611
Game
Game (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] [OE.
gamen, game, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.]
1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English,
impersonally with dative. [Obs.]
God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though
him gamed or smarte. Chaucer.
2. To play at any sport or diversion.
3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or
other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win
money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.
<-- sic!? -->
Gamecock
Game"cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The male game fowl.
Game fowl
Game" fowl` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A handsome breed of the common fowl,
remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.
Gameful
Game"ful (?), a. Full of game or games.
Gamekeeper
Game"keep`er (?), n. One who has the care of game, especially in a
park or preserve. Blackstone.
Gameless
Game"less, a. Destitute of game.
Gamely
Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly.
Gameness
Game"ness, n. Endurance; pluck.
Gamesome
Game"some (?), a. Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.
Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron.
-- Game"some*ly, adv. -- Game"some*ness, n.
Gamester
Game"ster (?), n. [Game + -ster.]
1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a
stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.
When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester
is the soonest winner. Shak.
3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.
Gamic
Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual
connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.
Gamin
Gam"in (?), n. [F.] A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street
Arab.
In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the
Chinaman.' L. Oliphant.
Gaming
Gam"ing (?), n. The act or practice of playing games for stakes or
wagers; gambling.
Gamma
Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter (G) of the Greek alphabet.
Gammadion
Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly
used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See
Fylfot.
Gammer
Gam"mer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer
for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An old wife; an old woman; --
correlative of gaffer, an old man.
Gammon
Gam"mon (?), n. [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe.
See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.] The buttock or tight of a hog, salted
and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.
Gammon
Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gameed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing.] To
make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.
Gammon
Gam"mon, n. [See 2d Game.]
1. Backgammon.
2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]
Gammon
Gam"mon, v. t.
1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been
able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from
the board; as, to gammon a person.
2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.
Gammon
Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to
the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of
iron. Totten.
Gammoning
Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by
which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the
lifting action of the forestays. Gammoning fashion, in the style of
gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. --
Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a
vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.
Gammoning
Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing
a person. [Colloq.]
Gamogenesis
Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) The production of
offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual
reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis.
Gamogenetic
Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. --
Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
Gamomorphism
Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) That stage of growth or
development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are
generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.
Gamopetalous
Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. petalous: cf. F. gamop\'82tale.] (Bot.)
Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup;
monopetalous.
Gamophyllous
Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Composed of leaves united by their
edges (coalescent). Gray.
Gamosepalous
Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. sepal.] (Bot.) Formed of united sepals;
monosepalous.
Gamut
Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is
fr. the name of the Greek letter Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.) The scale.
Gamy
Gam"y (?), a.
1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked
till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored.
2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky;
furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout. <-- NOTE irregular format for pos
### -->
Gan
Gan (?), imp. &of; Gin. [See Gin, v.] Began; commenced.
NOTE: &hand; Ga n wa s fo rmerly us ed wi th the infinitive to form
compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes
the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne.
This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer.
The little coines to their play gunne hie (i.e., hied). Chaucer.
NOTE: Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.
Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser.
Ganch
Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It.
gancio.] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the
Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.
Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there
to hang until they die. Sandys.
Gander
Gan"der (?), n. [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter,
and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.] The male of any species of goose.
Gane
Gane (?), v. i. [See Yawn.] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ganesa
Ga*ne"sa (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.
NOTE: &hand; He is re presented as a short, fat, red-colored man,
with a large belly and the head of an elephant.
Balfour.
Gang
Gang (?), v. i. [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel. ganga,
Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. to walk, Skr. ja leg. &root;48. CF. Go.] To
go; to walk.
NOTE: &hand; Ob solete in English literature, but still used in the
North of England, and also in Scotland.
Gang
Gang, n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang
a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.]
1. A going; a course. [Obs.]
2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons
associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one
foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of
thieves.
3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting
together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of
plows.
4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.
5. [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein;
a matrix; a gangue.
Gang board, OR Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats
for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A
plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the
sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring
water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator,
Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached
to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. --
Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang
week (below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of
drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or
employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above).
-- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for
operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening
plates. -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang
of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances
apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a
projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Gang week, Rogation week, when
formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes.
Halliwell. -- Live gang, OR Round gang, the Western and the Eastern
names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into
boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of
saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part
as a thick beam.
Ganger
Gang"er (?), n. One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.
Gangetic
Gan*get"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the
Gangetic shark.
Gang-flower
Gang"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The common English milkwort (Polygala
vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.
Gangion
Gan"gion (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A short line attached to a
trawl. See Trawl, n.
Gangliac, Ganglial
Gan"gli*ac (?), Gan"gli*al (?), a. (Anat.) Relating to a ganglion;
ganglionic.
Gangliate, Gangliated
Gan"gli*ate (?), Gan"gli*a`ted (?), a. (Anat.) Furnished with ganglia;
as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system.
Gangliform, Ganglioform
Gan"gli*form` (?), Gan"gli*o*form` (?), a. [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.)
Having the form of a ganglion.
Ganglion
Gan"gli*on (?), n.; pl. L. Ganglia (#), E. Ganglions (#). [L. ganglion
a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr.
ganglion.]
1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve
cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A
node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion.
2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a
tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it;
-- called also weeping sinew.
Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar.
Ganglionary
Gan"gli*on*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.) Ganglionic.
Ganglionic
Gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.) Pertaining to,
containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a
ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.
Gangrel
Gan"grel (?), a. [Cf. Gang, v. i.] Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.
Gangrenate
Gan"gre*nate (?), v. t. To gangrene. [Obs.]
Gangrene
Gan"grene (?), n. [F. gangr\'8ane, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. gras, gar, to
devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.) A term
formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not
advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now
applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.
Gangrene
Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gangrening.] [Cf. F. gangr\'82ner.] To produce gangrene in; to be
affected with gangrene.
Gangrenescent
Gan`gre*nes"cent (?), a. Tending to mortification or gangrene.
Gangrenous
Gan"gre*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gangr\'82neux.] Affected by, or produced
by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.
Gangue
Gangue (?), n. [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See
Gang, n.] (Mining) The mineral or earthy substance associated with
metallic ore.
Gangway
Gang"way` (?), n. [See Gang, v. i.]
1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a
temporary way of access formed of planks.
2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house,
below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the
government or with the opposition.
3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which
persons enter or leave it.
4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the
booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly
termed the waist. Totten.
Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the
gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging
him at the gangway.
Ganil
Gan"il (?), n. [F.] A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.
Ganister, Gannister
Gan"is*ter (?), Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.) A refractory material
consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay;
-- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing
roads.
Ganja
Gan"ja (?), n. [Hind. g\'benjh\'be.] The dried hemp plant, used in
India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.<--
marijuana, hashish -->
Gannet
Gan"net (?), n. [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck;
akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the
pelicans.
NOTE: &hand; Th e common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana),
is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In
Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet.
Booby gannet. See Sula.
Ganocephala
Gan`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A group of fossil
amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by
bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes.
Ganocephalous
Gan`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the
Ganocephala.
Ganoid
Ga"noid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Ganoidei.
-- n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zo\'94l.), one kind of scales
of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer
layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat
of mail.
Ganoidal
Ga*noid"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Ganoid.
Ganoidei
Ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral
intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of
the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales;
others have cycloid scales.
NOTE: &hand; They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in
early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively
few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the
bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.
Ganoidian
Ga*noid"i*an (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Ganoid.
Ganoine
Ga"no*ine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel
of a ganoid scale.
Gansa
Gan"sa (?), n. Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.
Gantlet
Gant"let (?), n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for
gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane
+ lopp course, career, akin to l\'94pa to run. See Gate a way, and
Leap.] A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was
made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck
him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the
gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or
controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands.
Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey.
NOTE: &hand; Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.
Gantlet
Gant"let, n. A glove. See Gauntlet.
Gantline
Gant"line` (?), n. A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting
rigging; a girtline.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 612
Gantlope
Gant"lope` (?), n. See Gantlet. [Obs.]
Gantry
Gan"try (?), n. See Gauntree.
Ganza
Gan"za (?), n. [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet,
Goose.] A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was
fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.
Gaol
Gaol (?), n. [See Jail.] A place of confinement, especially for minor
offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the
United States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol
delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in
it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges,
upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for
discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol
delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.
Gaoler
Gaol"er (?), n. The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.
Gap
Gap (?), n. [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth,
breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj.,
wide, spacious. See Gape.] An opening in anything made by breaking or
parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance;
an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a
hiatus; a mountain pass.
Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles.
It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak.
Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to
admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the
gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make
defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen
defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to
repair a defect.
Gap
Gap, v. t.
1. To notch, as a sword or knife.
2. To make an opening in; to breach.
Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson.
Gape
Gape (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped (? or ?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D.
gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh
to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.]
1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as,
young birds gape. Dryden.(b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to
yawn.
She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to
rise. Swift.
(c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation,
etc.
With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron.
(d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10.
2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus.
May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak.
3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for,
after, or at.
The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham.
Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.
Gape
Gape, n.
1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes,
etc.
The gapes
The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and
other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic
nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs
the breathing. See Gapeworm.
Gaper
Gap"er (?), n.
1. One who gapes.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible
clam (Schizoth\'91rus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also
gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus,
related to the broadbills.
Gapeseed
Gape"seed` (?), n. Any strange sight. Wright.
Gapesing
Gapes"ing (? OR ?), n. Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]
Gapeworm
Gape"worm` (? OR ?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parasitic worm that causes the
gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix.
Gapingstock
Gap"ing*stock` (? OR ?), n. One who is an object of open-mouthed
wonder.
I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers.
Godwin.
Gap-toothed
Gap"-toothed` (?), a. Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.
Gar
Gar (?), n. [Prob. AS. g\'ber dart, spear, lance. The name is applied
to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head.
Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the
genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See
Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, OR Garpike
(Zo\'94l.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus,
of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and
tropical America.
Gar
Gar, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.] To cause; to make. [Obs.
or Scot.] Spenser.
Garancin
Gar"an*cin (?; 104), n. [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.) An
extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of
alizarin.
Garb
Garb (?), n. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG.
garaw\'c6, garw\'c6, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes
worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the
garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of
a gentleman in the 16th century.
2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character;
looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.
You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb,
he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak.
Garb
Garb (?), n. [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr.
grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.) A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless
otherwise specified).
Garb
Garb, v. t. To clothe; array; deck.
These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson.
Garbage
Gar"bage (?; 48), n. [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is
purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG.
garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for
garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb
sheaf.] Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or
vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless,
disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.
Garbage
Gar"bage, v. t. To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are
garbaged." Holland.
Garbed
Garbed (?), a. Dressed; habited; clad.
Garbel
Gar"bel (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Garboard.
Garbel
Gar"bel, n. [Cf. Garble, v. t.] Anything sifted, or from which the
coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]
Garble
Gar"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garbling.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to
examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp.
garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of
cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or
perh. rather from Ar. gharb\'bel, gharbil, sieve.]
1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the
coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices.
[Obs.]
2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to
pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.
Garble
Gar"ble, n.
1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.
2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called
garblings.
Garbler
Gar"bler (?), n. One who garbles.
Garboard
Gar"board (?), n. (Naut.) One of the planks next the keel on the
outside, which form a garboard strake. Garboard strake OR streak, the
first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel.
Totten.
Garboil
Gar"boil (?), n. [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of
uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E.
boil.] Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.
Garcinia
Gar*cin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the
mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the
Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.
Gard
Gard (?), n. [See Garde, Yard] Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F.
Beaumont.
Gard
Gard, v. & n. See Guard.
Gardant
Gar"dant (?), a. [F. See Guardant.] (Her.) Turning the head towards
the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.
Garden
Gar"den (?; 277), n. [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of
German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard
an inclosure.]
1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits,
flowers, or vegetables.
2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.
I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great
Italy. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining
compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden
wall, garden house or gardenhouse.
Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden
engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden
glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of
dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding
objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden
house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] --
Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits,
vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold OR mould, rich, mellow
earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail
used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net
for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. --
Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or
garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot
appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump,
a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for
clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. -- Garden spider, (Zo\'94l.),
the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe
and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and
Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff,
vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe
for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying
insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market.
[Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear
garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden.
See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are
cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground
where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table
use.
Garden
Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.]
To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice
horticulture.
Garden
Gar"den, v. t. To cultivate as a garden.
Gardener
Gar"den*er (?), n. One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.
Gardenia
Garde"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of
which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so
called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.
Gardening
Gar"den*ing (?), n. The art of occupation of laying out and
cultivating gardens; horticulture.
Gardenless
Gar"den*less (?), a. Destitute of a garden. Shelley.
Gardenly
Gar"den*ly (?), a. Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.
Gardenship
Gar"den*ship, n. Horticulture. [Obs.]
Gardon
Gar"don (?), n. [F] (Zo\'94l.) A European cyprinoid fish; the id.
Gardyloo
Gar`dy*loo" (?), n. [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.] An old cry in
throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh. Sir. W.
Scott.
Gare
Gare (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.
Garefowl
Gare"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The great auk; also, the razorbill. See
Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.]
Garfish
Gar"fish` (?), n. [See Gar, n.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European marine fish
(Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone,
gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea
pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus
Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic
coast. T. Caribb\'91us, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more
southern; -- called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the
European garfish are also applied to the American species.
Gargalize
Gar"ga*lize (?), v. t. [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] To gargle; to rinse.
[Obs.] Marston.
Garganey
Gar"ga*ney (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European duck (Anas
querquedula); -- called also cricket teal, and summer teal.
Gargantuan
Gar*gan"tu*an (?; 135), a. [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of
Rabelais.] Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful
personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.
Gargarism
Gar"ga*rism (?), n. [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.]
(Med.) A gargle.
Gargarize
Gar"ga*rize (?), v. t. [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr. To gargle; to rinse or
wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.] Bacon.
Garget
Garget (?), n. [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf. Gorge.
The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]
1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an
inflammation of the mammary glands.
3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite.
Youatt.
4. (Bot.) See Poke.
Gargil
Gar"gil (?), n. [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.] A distemper in geese,
affecting the head.
Gargle
Gar"gle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle.
Gargle
Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling (
[F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle, Gurgle.]
1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter,
agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an
expulsion of air from the lungs.
2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.
Gargle
Gar"gle, n. A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to
cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.
Gargol
Gar"gol (?), n. [Cf. Gargil.] A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.
Gargoulette
Gar`gou*lette" (?), n. [F.] A water cooler or jug with a handle and
spout; a gurglet. Mollett.
Gargoyle
Gar"goyle (?), n. [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. g\'a0rgola,
prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L.
gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.) A
spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved
grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]
Gargyle
Gar"gyle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle.
Garibaldi
Ga`ri*bal"di (?), n.
1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape
to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a
deep scarlet color.
Garish
Gar"ish (?), a. [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf.
gairish.]
1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention.
"The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors."
Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman.
Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor.
2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.
It makes the mind loose and garish. South.
-- Gar"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.
Garland
Gar"land (?), n. [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of
uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren
to adorn.]
1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.
2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and
sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a
coronal; a wreath. Pope.
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3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.
4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology.
They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under
the name of garlands. Percy.
5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision
in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in
handling.
Garland
Gar"land (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Garlanding.] To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.
Garlandless
Gar"land*less, a. Destitute of a garland. Shelley.
Garlic
Gar"lic (?), n. [OE. garlek, AS. g\'berle\'a0c; gar spear, lance +
le\'a0c leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.]
1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated
variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid,
pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called
cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily
separable.
2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630).
Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria
officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree,
a tree in Jamaica (Crat\'91va gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a
strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.
Garlicky
Gar"lick*y (?), a. Like or containing garlic.
Garment
Gar"ment (?), n. [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir
to garnish. See Garnish.] Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown,
etc.
No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16.
Garmented
Gar"ment*ed, p. a. Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a
garment. [Poetic]
A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley.
Garmenture
Gar"men*ture (?), n. Clothing; dress.
Garner
Gar"ner (?), n. [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F.
grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf.
Granary.] A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for
preservation.
Garner
Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.]
To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure.
Shak.
Garnet
Gar"net (?), n. [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL.
granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or
seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color
and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and
cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.) A mineral having many varieties
differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same
crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general
chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous,
and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and
trapezohedron are the common forms.
NOTE: &hand; Th ere are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black
varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime
(grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia
(pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese
(spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite),
or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent
red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the
carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in
gneiss and mica slate.
Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its
transparent red color. -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial
dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a
green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex
cyanogen derivative of picric acid.
Garnet
Gar"net, n. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) A tackle for hoisting cargo in
our out. Clew garnet. See under Clew.
Garnetiferous
Gar`net*if"er*ous (?), a. [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing
garnets.
Garnierite
Gar"ni*er*ite (?), n. [Named after the French geologist Garnier.]
(Min.) An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate
of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.
Garnish
Gar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garnishing.] [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide,
strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish,
garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warn\'d3n to provide, equip;
akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E.
warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.]
1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to
embellish.
All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser.
2. (Cookery) To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as,
a dish garnished with parsley.
3. To furnish; to supply.
4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.
5. (Law) To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See
Garnishee, v. t. Cowell.
Garnish
Gar"nish, n.
1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also,
dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated.
So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak.
Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use.
Prior.
2. (Cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment.
See Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart.
3. Fetters. [Cant]
4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee
demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding.
Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight.
Garnishee
Gar`nish*ee" (?), n. (Law) One who is garnished; a person upon whom
garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor,
such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him
money.
NOTE: &hand; Th e or der by wh ich wa rning is ma de is called a
garnishee order.
Garnishee
Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-&emac;d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by
garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to
be secured by garnishment); to trustee.
Garnisher
Gar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, garnishes.
Garnishment
Gar"nish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee,
warning.]
1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.
2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give
information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in
whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money
or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give
information as garnishee.
3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.
Garniture
Gar"ni*ture (?), n. [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.] That which
garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress.
The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie.
Garookuh
Ga*roo"kuh (?), n. A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian
Gulf.
Garous
Ga"rous (?), a. [From Garum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir
T. Browne.
Gar pike OR Garpike
Gar" pike` OR Gar"pike`. (Zo\'94l.) See under Gar.
Garran
Gar"ran (?), n. [Gael. garr\'a0n, gearr\'a0n, gelding, work horse,
hack.] (Zo\'94l.) See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]
Garret
Gar"ret (?), n. [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout,
OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. gu\'82rite a place of
refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend,
F. gu\'82rir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect,
defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to
E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.]
1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.]
He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls.
Ld. Berners.
2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under
or within the roof; an attic.
The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay.
Garreted
Gar"ret*ed, a. Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew.
Garreteer
Gar`ret*eer" (?), n. One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a
literary hack. Macaulay.
Garreting
Gar"ret*ing (?), n. Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints
of coarse masonry. Weale.
Garrison
Gar"ri*son (?), n. [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE.
also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.]
(Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b)
A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In
garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as
one of a garrison.
Garrison
Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for
its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town.
(b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to
garrison a conquered territory.
Garron
Gar"ron (?), n. Same as Garran. [Scot.]
Garrot
Gar"rot (?), n. [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.) A stick or small wooden
cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the
arteries of a limb.
Garrot
Gar"rot, n. (Zo\'94l.) The European golden-eye.
Garrote
Gar*rote" (?), n. [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic
origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick,
Garter.] A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron
collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become
extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is
inflicted.
Garrote
Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.]
To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from
behind, with a view to strangle and rob.
Garroter
Gar*rot"er (?), n. One who seizes a person by the throat from behind,
with a view to strangle and rob him.
Garrulity
Gar*ru"li*ty (?), n. [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulit\'82.]
Talkativeness; loquacity.
Garrulous
Gar"ru*lous (?), a. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf.
Gr. Call.]
1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things;
talkative; loquacious.
The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as,
the garrulous roller. Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A
garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent
repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great
desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A
child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his
dotage is garrulous. -- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.
Garrupa
Gar*ru"pa (?), n. [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the
fish.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of California market fishes,
of the genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish.
Garter
Gar"ter (?), n. [OE. gartier, F. jarreti\'8are, fr. OF. garet bend of
the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See
Garrote.]
1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.
2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in
Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward
III.; also, the Order itself.
3. (Her.) Same as Bendlet.
Garter fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long,
flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter
king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England,
king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to
Garter. -- Garter snake (Zo\'94l.), one of several harmless American
snakes of the genus Eut\'91nia, of several species (esp. E. saurita
and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its
conspicuous stripes of color.
Garter
Gar"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gartering.]
1. To bind with a garter.
He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak.
2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.
Garth
Garth (?), n. [Icel. gar yard. See Yard.]
1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth.
A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit.
Tennyson.
2. A dam or weir for catching fish.
Garth
Garth, n. [Girth.] A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]
Garum
Ga"rum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A sauce made of small fish. It was prized
by the ancients.
Garvie
Gar"vie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spart; -- called also garvie herring,
and garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Gas
Gas (?), n.; pl. Gases (#). [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of
Brussels, who died in 1644.]
1. An a\'89riform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as
synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be
permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from
vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature.
In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been
liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its
original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic
or a\'89riform state.
2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most
important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen,
artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or
sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light
when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b)
Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable a\'89riform fluid. <-- 3. gasoline.
-->
NOTE: &hand; Ga s is often used adjectively or in combination; as,
gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc.
Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some
volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so
saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating
and heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery,
in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents.
-- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas
coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of
volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of
illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the
motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden
production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an
explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder
and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark.<-- = internal
combustion engine --> -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up
fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter.
(b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a
building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device for
conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the
gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn
metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. --
Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort
in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in
which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a
carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for
a\'89rating water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of
illuminating gas. -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for
use as illuminating gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the
quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. --
Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and
in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas
stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas
tar, coal tar. -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap,
5. -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the
condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to
precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water
through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also gas
liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal
ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas
well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. --
Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and
appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. --
Laughing gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light,
combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the
dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a
natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name.
It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the
first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal
mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in
Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and
illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures.
-- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of
gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a
mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense
heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is
charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.<--
= synthesis gas -->
_________________________________________________________________
Page 614
Gasalier
Gas`a*lier" (?), n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.] A
chandelier arranged to burn gas.
Gas-burner
Gas"-burn`er (?), n. The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is
burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.
Gascoines
Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.
Gascon
Gas"con (?; F. ?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or
to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony;
a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.
Gasconade
Gas`con*ade" (?), n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of
Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] A boast or
boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.
Gasconade
Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to bluster.
Gasconader
Gas`con*ad"er (?), n. A great boaster; a blusterer.
Gascoynes
Gas"coynes (?), n. pl. Gaskins. Beau & Fl.
Gaseity
Gas*e"i*ty (? OR ?), n. State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.
Gaseous
Gas"e*ous (? OR ?; 277), a. [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.]
1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an a\'89riform fluid.
2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous
information." Sir J. Stephen.
Gash
Gash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.]
[For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap,
perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to
pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.] To
make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to
incisions in flesh.
Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward.
Gash
Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and
depth, particularly in flesh.
Gashful
Gash"ful (?), a. Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A
gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.
Gasification
Gas`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Gasify.] The act or process of
converting into gas.
Gasiform
Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas; gaseous.
Gasify
Gas"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasifying.] [Gas + -fy.] To convert into gas, or an a\'89riform fluid,
as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.
Gasify
Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous
state. Scientific American.
Gasket
Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn,
garceta reef point.]
1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea
gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated
lines or bands. Called also casket.
2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the
steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.
Gaskins
Gas"kins (?), n.pl. [Cf. Galligaskins.]
1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.
2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.
3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
Gaslight
Gas"light` (?), n.
1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.
2. A gas jet or burner.
Gasogen
Gas"o*gen (?), n. [Gas + -gen.]
1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a
liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.
2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging
illuminating gas.
Gasolene
Gas`o*lene (?), n. See Gasoline.
Gasolier
Gas`o*lier" (?), n. Same as Gasalier.
Gasoline
Gas"o*line (? OR ?; 104), n. A highly volatile mixture of fluid
hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of
bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving
illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.<-- used as a fuel for
most automobiles and for other vehicles with a gasoline-powered
internal combustion engine -->
Gasometer
Gas*om"e*ter (? OR ?), n. [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazom\'8atre.] An
apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron
cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water,
in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it
contains, or the pressure required.
Gasometric OR, Gasometrical
Gas`o*met"ric (? OR ?), Gas`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis.
Gasometry
Gas*om"e*try (? OR ?), n. The art or practice of measuring gases;
also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these
elastic fluids. Coxe.
Gasoscope
Gas"o*scope (?), n. [Gas + -scope.] An apparatus for detecting the
presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a
dwelling house.
Gasp
Gasp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.]
[OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw.
g\'84spa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]
1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious
respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant
violently.
She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd.
2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.
Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser.
Gasp
Gasp, v. t. To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away,
etc.
And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden.
Gasp
Gasp, n. The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the
breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At
the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.
Gaspereau
Gas"per*eau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The alewife. [Local, Canada]
Gasserian
Gas*se"ri*an (?), a. Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover
of the Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large
ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.
Gassing
Gas"sing (?), n.
1. (Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers
and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small
fibers; any similar process of singeing.
2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]
Gassy
Gas"sy (?), a. Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full
of boastful or insincere talk.
Gast
Gast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten, g to frighten, akin to Goth. usgaisjan.
See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.] To make aghast; to frighten; to
terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.
Gaster
Gast"er (?), v. t. To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Gasteromycetes
Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) An order of
fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium,
as in the puffballs.
Gasteropod
Gas"ter*o*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropod.
Gasteropoda
Gas`te*rop`o*da (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropoda.
Gasteropodous
Gas`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropodous.
Gastful, Gastly
Gast"ful, Gast"ly (, a. [Obs.] See Ghastful, Ghastly.
Gastight
Gas"tight` (?), a. So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas;
impervious to gas.
Gastness
Gast"ness (?), n. See Ghastness. [Obs.]
Gastornis
Gas*tor"nis (?), n. [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr.
(Paleon.) A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.
Gastr\'91a
Gas*tr\'91"a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Biol.) A primeval larval form; a
double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel,
man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their
individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or
gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the
Gastr\'91a theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula.
Gastralgia
Gas*tral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain in the stomach or
epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.
Gastric
Gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. gastrique.] Of, pertaining to, or situated near,
the stomach; as, the gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the
conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into
soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric
juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent
gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever;
also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. --
Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction,
secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane
of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the
ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body,
but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a
form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.
Gastriloquist
Gas*tril"o*quist (?), n. [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to
speak.] One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.
Gastriloquous
Gas*tril"o*quous (?), a. Ventriloquous. [R.]
Gastriloquy
Gas*tril"o*quy (?), n. A voice or utterance which appears to proceed
from the stomach; ventriloquy.
Gastritis
Gas*tri"tis (?), n. [NL., from. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.
Gastro-
Gas"tro- (?). A combining form from the Gr. gastrocolic, gastrocele,
gastrotomy.
Gastrocnemius
Gas`troc*ne"mi*us (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The muscle which
makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.
Gastrocolic
Gas`tro*col"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both
the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum.
Gastrodisc
Gas`tro*disc (?), n. [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.) That part of blastoderm
where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the
epibladst.
Gastroduodenal
Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.) Pertaining
to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery.
Gastroduodenitis
Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most
frequent causes of jaundice.
Gastroelytrotomy
Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr (Surg.) The operation of
cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen
(without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus.
It is a substitute for the C\'91sarean operation, and less dangerous.
Gastroenteric
Gas`tro*en*te"ric (?), a. [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.)
Gastrointestinal.
Gastroenteritis
Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the
intestines.
Gastroepiploic
Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the stomach and omentum.
Gastrohepatic
Gas`tro*he*pat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.) Pertaining to
the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or
lesser, omentum.
Gastrohysterotomy
Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + GR. to cut.] (Surg.)
C\'91sarean section. See under C\'91sarean.
Gastrointestinal
Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.)
Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.
Gastrolith
Gas`tro*lith (?), n. [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zo\'94l.) See Crab's eyes,
under Crab.
Gastrology
Gas*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr gastrologie.] The science which treats of
the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.
Gastromalacia
Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A softening of the
coats of the stomach; -- usually a post-morten change.
Gastromancy
Gas`tro*man"cy (?), n. [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.]
(Antiq.) (a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered
from the stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or
other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are
supposed to appear by magic art.
Gastromyces
Gas`tro*my"ces (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The fungoid growths
sometimes found in the stomach; such as Torula, etc.
Gastromyth
Gas"tro*myth (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. One whose voice appears to proceed
from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.]
Gastronome, Gastronomer
Gas"tro*nome (?), Gas*tron"o*mer (?), n. [F. gastronome, fr. Gr. One
fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.
Gastronomic, Gastronomical
Gas`tro*nom"ic (?), Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (, a. [Cf. F. gastronomique.]
Pertaining to gastromony.
Gastronomist
Gas*tron"o*mist (?), n. A gastromomer.
Gastronomy
Gas*tron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. gastronomie.] The art or science of good
eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.
Gastrophrenic
Gas`tro*phren"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to
the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament.
Gastropneumatic
Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.) Pertaining
to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities
connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes.
Gastropod
Gas"tro*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gastropoda. [Written also
gasteropod.]
Gastropoda
Gas*trop"o*da (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine
spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally
creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side
of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See
Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.]
NOTE: &hand; Th e Ga stropoda ar e di vided in to three subclasses;
viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the
Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b)
The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c)
The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.
Gastropodous
Gas*trop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.
Gastroraphy
Gas*tror"a*phy (?), n. [Gr.gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.) The operation of
sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy.
Gastroscope
Gas"tro*scope (?), n. [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for
viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.
Gastroscopic
Gas`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.
Gastroscopy
Gas*tros"co*py (?), n. (Med.) Examination of the abdomen or stomach,
as with the gastroscope.
Gastrosplenic
Gas`tro*splen"ic (?), n. [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to
the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament.
Gastrostege
Gas*tros"tege (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the large
scales on the belly of a serpent.
Gastrostomy
Gas*tros"to*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of making
a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.
Gastrotomy
Gas*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro + Gr. gastrotomie.] (Surg.) A cutting
into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.
Gastrotricha
Gas*trot"ri*cha (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of small
wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is
regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and
annelids.
Gastrotrocha
Gas*trot"ro*cha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A form of annelid
larva having cilia on the ventral side.
Gastrovascular
Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar (?), a. [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and
circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of c&oe;lenterates.
Gastrula
Gas"tru*la (?), n.; pl. Gastrul\'91 (#) [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Biol.) An
embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of
the wall of the planula or blastula (the blastosphere) on one side,
thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth
(the blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the archenteron) lined
by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust. under Invagination. In
a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See
Gastr\'91a. -- a. Of or pertaining to a gastrula.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 615
Gastrulation
Gas`tru*la"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The process of invagination, in
embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.
Gastrura
Gas*tru"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Stomatopoda.
Gastrurous
Gas*tru"rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gastrura.
Gat
Gat (?), imp. of Get. [Obs.]
Gate
Gate (?), n. [OE. et, , giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate, door;
akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate a
way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way in the wall, 3d Get.]
1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed
field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable
structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed.
2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or
the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also,
figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit.
Knowest thou the way to Dover? Both stile and gate, horse way and
footpath. Shak.
Opening a gate for a long war. Knolles.
3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water
through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.
4. (Script.) The places which command the entrances or access; hence,
place of vantage; power; might.
The gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Matt. xvi. 18.
5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass
through or into.
6. (Founding) (a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured
into the mold; the ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in the
opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also geat and git.]
Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which
receives the opened gate. -- Gate channel. See Gate, 5. -- Gate hook,
the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. -- Gate money, entrance money
for admission to an inclosure. -- Gate tender, one in charge of a
gate, as at a railroad crossing. -- Gate valva, a stop valve for a
pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when
open. -- Gate vein (Anat.), the portal vein. -- To break gates (Eng.
Univ.), to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student
has been restricted. -- To stand in the gate, OR gates, to occupy
places or advantage, power, or defense.
Gate
Gate, v. t.
1. To supply with a gate.
2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an
earlier hour than usual.
Gate
Gate, n. [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade, Goth.
gatw\'94, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.]
1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. & Scot.]
I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day
flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate. Sir W. Scott.
2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.]
Gated
Gat"ed (?), a. Having gates. Young.
Gatehouse
Gate"house` (?), n. A house connected or associated with a gate.
Gateless
Gate"less, a. Having no gate.
Gateman
Gate"man (?), n. A gate keeper; a gate tender.
Gatepost
Gate"post` (?), n.
1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also swinging OR hinging
post.
2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also shutting post.
Gateway
Gate"way` (?), n. A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a
frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an
entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.
Gatewise
Gate"wise` (?), adv. In the manner of a gate.
Three circles of stones set up gatewise. Fuller.
Gather
Gath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gathering.] [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador,
together, fr. g\'91d fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to
collect, G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs
a sister's son. &root;29. See Good, and cf. Together.]
1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into
one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to
congregate.
And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her
chivalry. Byron.
When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the
people together. Matt. ii. 4.
2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to
collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck.
A rose just gathered from the stalk. Dryden.
Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Matt. vii. 16.
Gather us from among the heathen. Ps. cvi. 47.
3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass;
to gain; to heap up.
He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall
gather it for him that will pity the poor. Prov. xxviii. 8.
To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees.
Locke.
4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract;
to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also,
to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to
plait; as, to gather a ruffle.
Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and
graceful stretched his hand. Pope.
5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion,
from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to
conclude.
Let me say no moreGather the sequel by that went before. Shak.
6. To gain; to win. [Obs.]
He gathers ground upon her in the chase. Dryden.
7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where
the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the
flue, or the like.
8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope.
To be gathered to one's people, OR to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv.
8. -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of
breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. -- To gather one's self
together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a
beast crouches preparatory to a leap. -- To gather way (Naut.), to
begin to move; to move with increasing speed.
Gather
Gath"er (?), v. i.
1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to
congregate.
When small humors gather to a gout. Pope.
Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and
gather to the eyes. Tennyson.
2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase.
Their snowball did not gather as it went. Bacon.
3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as,
a boil has gathered.
4. To collect or bring things together.
Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have
not strewed. Matt. xxv. 26.
Gather
Gath"er, n.
1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a
pucker.
2. (Carriage Making) The inclination forward of the axle journals to
keep the wheels from working outward.
3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in
gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7.
Gatherable
Gath"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gathered or collected;
deducible from premises. [R.] Godwin.
Gatherer
Gath"er*er (?), n.
1. One who gathers or collects.
2. (Sewing Machine) An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.
Gathering
Gath"er*ing, n.
1. The act of collecting or bringing together.
2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A
crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a
collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.
Gathering
Gath"er*ing, a. Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or
concentrating. Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on
which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. --
Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night,
about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. -- Gathering
hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel
staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them. -- Gathering peat.
(a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b)
In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an
alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders.
Gatling gun
Gat"ling gun` (. [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.] An American
machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved
by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired.
NOTE: &hand; Th e im proved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of
1,200 shots per minute.
Farrow.
Gatten tree
Gat"ten tree` (?). [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.) A name given to
the small trees called guelder-rose (Viburnum Opulus), cornel (Cornus
sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus Europ\'91us).
Gat-toothed
Gat"-toothed` (?), a. [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.]
Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.]
Gauche
Gauche (?), n. [F.]
1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.
2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and
surfaces.
Gaucherie
Gauche`rie" (?), n. [F.] An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.
Gaucho
Gau"cho (?), n., pl. Gauchos ( [Sp.] On of the native inhabitants of
the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing
cattle.
Gaud
Gaud (?), n. [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L.
gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.]
1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle
gaud." Shak.
Gaud
Gaud, v. i. [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See Gaud,
n.] To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars. "
[Obs.] Sir T. North.
Gaud
Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.] To bedeck
gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint.
[Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak.
Gaud-day
Gaud"-day` (?), n. See Gaudy, a feast.
Gaudery
Gaud"er*y (?), n. Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.]
"Tarnished gaudery." Dryden.
Gaudful
Gaud"ful (?), a. Joyful; showy. [Obs.]
Gaudily
Gaud"i*ly (?), adv. In a gaudy manner. Guthrie.
Gaudiness
Gaud"i*ness, n. The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock.
Gaudish
Gaud"ish, a. Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale.
Gaudless
Gaud"less, a. Destitute of ornament. [R.]
Gaudy
Gaud"y (?), a. [Compar. Gaudier (?); superl. Gauidiest.]
1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious.
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy;
rich, not gaudy. Shak.
2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson.
Let's have one other gaudy night. Shak.
Gaudy
Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies (#) [See Gaud, n.] One of the large beads in
the rosary at which the paternoster is recited. [Obs.] Gower.
Gaudy
Gaud"y, n. A feast or festival; -- called also gaud-day and gaudy day.
[Oxford Univ.] Conybeare.
Gaudygreen
Gaud"y*green` (?), a. OR n. [OE. gaude grene.] Light green. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
Gauffer
Gauf"fer (?), v. t. [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other
stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle,
Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.] To plait, crimp, or flute;
to goffer, as lace. See Goffer.
Gauffering
Gauf"fer*ing (?), n. A mode of plaiting or fluting. Gauffering iron, a
kind of fluting iron for fabrics. -- Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.),
a press for crimping the leaves and petals into shape.
Gauffre
Gauf"fre (?), n. [See Gopher.] (Zo\'94l.) A gopher, esp. the pocket
gopher.
Gauge
Gauge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging
(?)] [OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F.
jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to
determine the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F.
jalon a measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] >[Written also
gage.]
1. To measure or determine with a gauge.
2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a
pipe, barrel, or keg.
3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of
the form of, as of a part of a gunlock.
The vanes nicely gauged on each side. Derham.
4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as
cloth or a garment.
5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to
judge of.
You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak.
Gauge
Gauge, n. [Written also gage.]
1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine
dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.
This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal
breadth by. Moxon.
There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds. I. Taylor.
2. Measure; dimensions; estimate.
The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt.
Burke.
3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the
dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button
maker's gauge.
4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a
phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment;
-- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a
steam gauge.
5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with
reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another
when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee
side of it. (b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water.
Totten.
6. The distance between the rails of a railway.
NOTE: &hand; Th e st andard gauge of railroads in most countries is
four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the
United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally
any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard
gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three
feet six inches.
7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common
plaster to accelerate its setting.
8. (Building) That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed
to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates,
or tiles.
Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; --
ordinarily called the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try
cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler.
-- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange
striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a
water gauge. -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round
object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a
templet or gauge. -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose
altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given
measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a
graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. --
Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut.
Knight. -- Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making
cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet. -- Gauge wheel, a
wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the
furrow. -- Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line
parallel to the straight side of a board, etc. -- Printer's gauge, an
instrument to regulate the length of the page. -- Rain gauge, an
instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. --
Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for
indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity,
as in the boilers of ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an instrument for
finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube,
partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam,
or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump
or other vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet
or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of
certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A
gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a
reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See
Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for
measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its
length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of
steam, as in a boiler. -- Tide gauge, an instrument for determining
the height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for
determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of
a steam engine and the air. -- Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for
indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by
a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the boiler. --
Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any
given surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a gauge for determining
the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard
of size. See under Wire.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 616
Gaugeable
Gauge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gauged.
Gauged
Gauged (?), p. a. Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge.
Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape,
for arches or ornamental work. -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff,
under Gauge, n.
Gauger
Gau"ger (?), n. One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to
ascertain the contents of casks.
Gauger-ship
Gau"ger-ship, n. The office of a gauger.
Gauging rod
Gau"ging rod`. See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n.
Gaul
Gaul (?), n. [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.]
1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans
included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).
2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.
Gaulish
Gaul"ish (?), a. Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]
Gault
Gault (?), n. [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.]
(Geol.) A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England,
between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.
Gaultheria
Gaul*the"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ericaceous shrubs with
evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the
American winter-green (Gaultheria procumbens), and the larger-fruited
salal of Northwestern America (Gaultheria Shallon).
Gaunt
Gaunt (?), a. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin
man, and W. gwan weak.] Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering;
lean; meager; pinched and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope.
A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless
across our land. Nichols.
Gauntlet
Gaunt"let (?), n. (Mil.) See Gantlet.
Gauntlet
Gaunt"let (?), n. [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. v\'94ttr, for
vantr.]
1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds.
NOTE: &hand; The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain
mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales,
etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a
glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the
whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers.
2. A long glove, covering the wrist.
3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying.
To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the
gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was
thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who
accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.
Gauntletted
Gaunt"lett*ed, a. Wearing a gauntlet.
Gauntly
Gaunt"ly, adv. In a gaunt manner; meagerly.
Gauntree, Gauntry
Gaun"tree (?), Gaun"try (?), n. [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L.
canterius trellis, sort of frame.]
1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W.
Scott.
2. (Engin.) A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other
structure. Knight.
Gaur
Gaur (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian species of wild
cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an untamable disposition.
[Spelt also gour.]
Gaure
Gaure (?), v. i. To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gauze
Gauze (?), n. [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced from
Gaza, a city of Palestine.] A very thin, slight, transparent stuff,
generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire
gauze; cotton gauze. Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze.
Gauze
Gauze, a. Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino
underclothing.
Gauziness
Gauz"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin.
Gauzy
Gauz"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as
gauze.
Gave
Gave (?), imp. of Give.
Gavel
Gav"el (?), n. A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Gavel
Gav"el, n. [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus
handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold,
grasp. Cf. Heave.] A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle.
Wright.
Gavel
Gav"el, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public
assembly, court, masonic body, etc.
2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.
Gavel
Gav"el, n. [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See Give,
and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law) Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel.
Cowell.
Gavelet
Gav"el*et (?), n. [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient
special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for the recovery of
rent. [Obs.]
Gavelkind
Gav"el*kind` (?), n. [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel tribute,
and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law) A tenure by which land descended from the
father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother,
dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still
prevails in the county of Kent. Cowell.
Gaveloche
Gav"e*loche (?), n. Same as Gavelock.
Gavelock
Gav"e*lock (?), n. [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel. gaflok,
MHG. gabil, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W.
gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff]
1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.]
2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.]
Gaverick
Ga"ver*ick (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European red gurnard (Trigla
cuculus). [Prov. Eng.]
Gavi\'91
Ga"vi\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zo\'94l.) The
division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.
Gavial
Ga"vi*al (?), n. [Hind. ghariu: cf. F. gavial.] (Zo\'94l.) A large
Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called also nako, and
Gangetic crocodile.
NOTE: &hand; The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly
uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges
and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several
allied fossil species.
Gavot
Gav"ot (? OR ?; 277), n. [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting
a mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.) A kind of
difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and
lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over.
[Written also gavotte.]
Gawby
Gaw"by (?), n. A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.]
Gawk
Gawk (?), n. [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin to
OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. g\'82ac cuckoo, Sw. g\'94k, Dan.
gi\'94g]
1. A cuckoo. Johnson.
2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle.
Gawk
Gawk, v. i. To act like a gawky.
Gawky
Gawk"y (?), a. [Compar. Gawkier (?); superl. Gawkiest.] Foolish and
awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. -- n. A fellow who is
awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.
Gawn
Gawn (?), n. [Corrupted fr. gallon.] A small tub or lading vessel.
[Prov. Eng.] Johnson.
Gawntree
Gawn"tree (?), n. See Gauntree.
Gay
Gay (?), a. [Compar. Gayer (?); superl. Gayest.] [F. gai, perhaps fr.
OHG. g swift, rapid, G. g\'84h, j\'84h, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w
beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.]
1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight;
inspiring delight; livery; merry.
Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope.
Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray.
2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed.
Why is my neighbor's wife so gay? Chaucer.
A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton.
3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe;
airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly;
jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.
Gay
Gay, n. An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.
Gayal
Gay"al (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Southern Asiatic species of
wild cattle (Bibos frontalis).
Gaydiang
Gay"di*ang (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts,
lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a
Chinese junk.
Gayety
Gay"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Gayeties (. [Written also gaiety.] [F.
gaiet\'82. See Gay, a.]
1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments
prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural;
as, the gayeties of the season.
2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress. Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth;
animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See
Liveliness.
Gaylus-site
Gay"lus-site` (?), n. [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.]
(Min.) A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the
carbonates of lime and soda, with water.
Gayly
Gay"ly (?), adv.
1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower
gayly blooming. Pope.
Gayne
Gayne (?), v. i. [See Gain.] To avail. [Obs.]
Gayness
Gay"ness (?), n. Gayety; finery. [R.]
Gaysome
Gay"some (?), a. Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag.
Gaytre
Gay"tre (?), n. [See Gaitre.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gaze
Gaze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.] [OE.
gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify,
us-geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.] To
fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or
curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention.
Why stand ye gazing up into heaven? Acts i. 11.
Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to
look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest
or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and
feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of
insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the
beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange
sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant
look.
Gaze
Gaze, v. t. To view with attention; to gaze on . [R.]
And gazed a while the ample sky. Milton.
Gaze
Gaze, n.
1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a
continued look of attention.
With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton.
2. The object gazed on.
Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. Milton.
At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; -- said
of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this
position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear
or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of
a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension
of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing.
I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than
that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon!
Tennyson.
Gazeebo
Ga*zee"bo (?), n. [Humorously formed from gaze.] A summerhouse so
situated as to command an extensive prospect. [Colloq.]
Gazeful
Gaze"ful (?), a. Gazing. [R.] Spenser.
Gazehound
Gaze"hound` (?), n. A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by
the scent. Sir W. Scott.
Gazel
Ga"zel (?), n. The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]
Gazel
Ga*zel" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gazelle.
Gazelle
Ga*zelle" (?), n. [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr.
gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz a wild goat.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the
genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also algazel, corinne, korin,
and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft
expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.] <-- subtypes -->
NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon sp ecies of No rthern Af rica (G azella
dorcas); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of
West Africa (G. mohr); the Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian
(G. subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South
Africa, are the best known.
Gazement
Gaze"ment (?), n. View. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gazer
Gaz"er (?), n. One who gazes.
Gazet
Ga*zet (?), n. [It.. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal
treasure.] A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or
one and a half cents. [Obs.]
Gazette
Ga*zette" (?), n. [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a
Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first
newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name
perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G.
elster.] A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp.,
the official journal published by the British government, and
containing legal and state notices.
Gazette
Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.]
To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an
appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.
Gazetteer
Gaz`et*teer" (?), n. [Cf. F. gazetier.]
1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by
authority. Johnson.
2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke.
3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and
descriptions, etc., of many places.
4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.
Gazingstock
Gaz"ing*stock` (?), n. A person or thing gazed at with scorn or
abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall.
Gazogene
Gaz"o*gene (?), n. [F. gazog\'8ane; gaz gas + -g\'8ane, E. -gen.] A
portable apparatus for making soda water or a\'89rated liquids on a
small scale. Knight.
Gazon
Ga*zon" (?), n. [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.) One
of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of
earthworks.
Ge-
Ge- (?). An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y-.
Geal
Geal (?), v. i. [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.] To
congeal. [Obs. or Scot.]
Gean
Gean (?), n. [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. w\'c6hsila, G.
weichsel.] (Bot.) A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus
avium); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.
Geanticlinal
Ge`an*ti*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. anticlinal.] (Geol.) An upward bend or
flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in
the formation of a class of mountain elevations called anticlinoria;
-- opposed to geosynclinal.
Gear
Gear (?), n. [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor,
fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garaw\'c6, garw\'c6
ornament, dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.]
1. Clothing; garments; ornaments.
Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. Spenser.
2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer.
Homely gear and common ware. Robynson (More's Utopia)
3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or
material.
Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. Spenser.
4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.
5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson.
6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.
7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.]
Thus go they both together to their gear. Spenser.
8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a
bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for
performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe.
(c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear.
9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).
10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an
honest man. Latimer.
Bever gear. See Bevel gear. -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its
skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. -- Expansion gear (Steam
Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain
part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston
expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed gear. See Feed
motion, under Feed, n. -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming
the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. --
Running gear. See under Running. -- To throw in, OR out of, gear
(Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to
put in, or out of, working relation.
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Gear
Gear (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.]
1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness.
2. (Mach.) To provide with gearing.
Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase
the force or speed; -- said of a machine.
Gear
Gear, v. i. (Mach.) To be in, or come into, gear.
Gearing
Gear"ing, n.
1. Harness.
2. (Mach.) The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an
engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively;
as, the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a
train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.
Frictional gearing. See under Frictional. -- Gearing chain, an endless
chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See
Illust. of Chain wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or
cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface
(properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting
motion between parallel shafts, etc.
Geason
Gea"son (?), a. [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g barren,
wanting. Cf. Geest.] Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser.
Geat
Geat (?), n. [See Gate a door.] (Founding) The channel or spout
through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [Written also
git, gate.]
Gecarcinian
Ge`car*cin"i*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A land crab of the genus
Gecarcinus, or of allied genera.
Geck
Geck (?), n. [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a
pert, rude person.]
1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.]
2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.]
To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy. Shak.
Geck
Geck, v. t. [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.]
1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.]
2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson.
Geck
Geck, v. i. To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott.
Gecko
Geck"o (?), n.; pl. Geckoes (#). [Cf. F. & G. gecko; -- so called from
the sound which the animal utters.] (Zo\'94l.) Any lizard of the
family Geckonid\'91. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly
nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils.
Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks,
by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in
warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United
States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot.
Geckotian
Geck*o"tian (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gecko.
Ged, Gedd
Ged, Gedd (, n. The European pike.
Gee
Gee (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.]
1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby.
2. [Cf. G. j\'81, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. gi\'95, F.
dia, used to turn a horse to the left.] To turn to the off side, or
from the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); --
said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative,
often with off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and
opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written also jee.]
NOTE: &hand; In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side
of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all
cases, however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn
toward him.
Gee ho, OR Gee whoa. Same as Gee.
Gee
Gee, v. t. [See Gee to turn.] To cause (a team) to turn to the off
side, or from the driver. [Written also jee.]
Geer, Geering
Geer (?), Geer"ing. [Obs.] See Gear, Gearing.
Geese
Geese (?), n., pl. of Goose.
Geest
Geest (?), n. [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries.
g&emac;st, g&amac;st, g&emac;stlond, g&amac;stlond, fr. Fries.
g&amac;st barren. Cf. Geason.] Alluvial matter on the surface of land,
not of recent origin. R. Jameson.
Geet
Geet (?), n. [See Jet.] Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Geez
Geez (?), n. The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic
language or people. See Ethiopic.
Gehenna
Ge*hen"na (?), n. [L. Gehenna, Gr. G.] (Jewish Hist.) The valley of
Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their
children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as
a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of
the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent
pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred,
by an easy metaphor, to Hell.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna
called, the type of Hell. Milton.
Geic
Ge"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or
vegetable mold. Geic acid. (Chem.) See Humin.
Gein
Ge"in (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) See Humin.
Geissler tube
Geis"sler tube` (?). (Elec.) A glass tube provided with platinum
electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which
becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; --
so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also
Pl\'81cker tube, from the German physicist who devised it.
Geitonogamy
Gei"to*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Fertilization of flowers by pollen
from other flowers on the same plant.
Gelable
Gel"a*ble (?), a. [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.]
Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.
Gelada
Gel"a*da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia,
remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the
adult male.
Gelastic
Ge*las"tic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing.
"Gelastic muscles." Sir T. Browne.
Gelatification
Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to make.
See -fy.] (Physiol. Chem.) The formation of gelatin.
Gelatigenous
Gel`a*tig"e*nous (?), n. [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous
tissues.
Gelatin, Gelatine
Gel"a*tin, Gel"a*tine (, n. [F. g\'82latine, fr. L. gelare to congeal.
See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from
animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a
nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but
formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of
various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments,
etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot
water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient
of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but
its nutritious qualities are of a low order.
NOTE: &hand; Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use,
but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the
form in -in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United
States Pharmacop\'d2ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's
Dictionary.
Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of
nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name
applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of
gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry-plate process in which
gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized
material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of
extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of
producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages,
etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in
a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can
be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print.
or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original,
written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a
cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are
taken upon ordinary paper. -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.
Gelatinate
Ge*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gelatinating.] To convert into gelatin, or into a substance
resembling jelly.
Gelatinate
Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance
like jelly.
Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates
with the mineral acids. Kirwan.
Gelatination
Ge*lat`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of process of converting into
gelatin, or a substance like jelly.
Gelatine
Gel"a*tine (?), n. Same as Gelatin.
Gelatiniferous
Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.
Gelatiniform
Gel`a*tin"i*form (?), a. Having the form of gelatin.
Gelatinization
Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. Same as Gelatination.
Gelatinize
Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. t.
1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate, v. t.
2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.
Gelatinize
Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. i. Same as Gelatinate, v. i.
Gelatinous
Ge*lat"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82latineux.] Of the nature and
consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.
Gelation
Ge*la"tion (?), n. [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.]
(Astron.) The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and
solidifying.
Geld
Geld (?), n. [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to
pay, render. See Yield.] Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.]
NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd occurs in old law books in composition, as
in danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld,
compensation for the life of a man, etc.
Geld
Geld (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (p. pr. & vb. n.
Gelding.] [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. g\'84lla,
and cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G.
gelt, Goth. gilpa siclke.]
1. To castrate; to emasculate.
2. To deprive of anything essential.
Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak.
3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a
story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden.
Geldable
Geld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gelded.
Geldable
Geld"a*ble, a. [From Geld money.] Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill.
Gelder
Geld"er (?), n. One who gelds or castrates.
Gelder-rose
Gel"der-rose (?), n. Same as Guelder-rose.
Gelding
Geld"ing (?), n. [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether,
eunuch, Sw. g\'84lling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.]
A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used
also of the human male.
They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and
Philip baptized him. Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).
Gelding
Geld"ing, p. pr. a. & vb. n.. from Geld, v. t.
Gelid
Gel"id (?), a. [L. gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See Cold, and cf.
Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.] Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts."
Thompson.
Gelidity
Ge*lid"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gelid.
Gelidly
Gel"id*ly (?), adv. In a gelid manner; coldly.
Gelidness
Gel"id*ness, n. The state of being gelid; gelidity.
Gelly
Gel"ly (?), n. Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser.
Geloscopy
Ge*los"copy (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] Divination by means of laughter.
Gelose
Ge*lose" (?), n. [See Gelatin.] (Chem.) An amorphous, gummy
carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and other seaweeds.
Gelsemic
Gel*se"mic (?), a. Gelseminic.
Gelsemine
Gel"se*mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the yellow
jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline
substance; -- called also gelsemia.
Gelseminic
Gel`se*min"ic (?), n. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the
yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white
crystalline substance resembling esculin.
Gelsemium
Gel*se"mium (?), n. [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine
(Gelsemium sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States. It
has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers.
2. (Med.) The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers,
etc.
Gelt
Gelt (?), n. [See 1st Geld.] Trubute, tax. [Obs.]
All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and
payments, in a most full and ample manner. Fuller.
Gelt
Gelt, n. [See Gelt, v. t.] A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer.
Gelt
Gelt, n. Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gem
Gem (?), n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a
precious stone, bud.]
1. (Bot.) A bud.
From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised
called a gem. Denham.
2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz,
sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for
ornament; a jewel. Milton.
3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is
regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small
picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying.
Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with
metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass.
Gem
Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming]
1. To put forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.]
Milton.
2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.
3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with
dewdrops.
England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving.
Gemara
Ge*ma"ra (?), n. [Heb.] (Jewish Law) The second part of the Talmud, or
the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).
Gemaric
Ge*mar"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Gemara.
Gemarist
Ge*ma"rist (?), n. One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its
teachings.
Gemel
Gem"el (?), a. [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin, doubled,
dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.) Coupled; paired.
Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel to each
other.
Gemel
Gem"el (?), n.
1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif.
2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each
other. Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a.
Two gemels silver between two griffins passant. Strype.
Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a
hook. -- Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See
Gimbal. -- Gemel window, a window with two bays.
Gemellipa-rous
Gem`el*lip"a-rous (?), a. [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin +
parere to bear, produce.] Producing twins. [R.] Bailey.
Geminal
Gem"i*nal (?), a. [L. geminus twin.] A pair. [Obs.] Drayton.
Geminate
Gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. geminatus, p.p. of genimare to double. See
Gemini.] (Bot.) In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as,
geminate flowers. Gray.
Geminate
Gem"i*nate (?), v. t. To double. [R.] B. Jonson.
Gemination
Gem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. geminatio.] A doubling; duplication;
repetition. [R.] Boyle.
Gemini
Gem"i*ni (?), n. pl. [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j related as
brother or sister.] (Astron.) A constellation of the zodiac,
containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third
sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.
Geminiflorous
Gem`i*ni*flo"rous (?), a. [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.) Having the flowers arranged in pairs.
Geminous
Gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. geminus.] Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne.
Geminy
Gemi*ny (?), n. [See Gemini.] Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak.
Gemitores
Gem`i*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign, moan.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the true pigeons.
Gemma
Gem"ma (?), n.; pl. Gemm\'91 (#). [L., a bud.]
1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.
2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the
reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from
the parent cell.
Gemmaceous
Gem*ma"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to gems or to gemm\'91; of the
nature of, or resembling, gems or gemm\'91.
Gemmary
Gem"ma*ry (?), a. [L. gemmarius. See Gem.] Of or pertaining to gems.
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Gemmary
Gem"ma*ry (?), n. A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house;
jewels or gems, collectively.
Gemmate
Gem"mate (?), a. [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr.
gemma bud.] (Bot.) Having buds; reproducing by buds.
Gemmated
Gem"ma*ted (?), a. Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.
Gemmation
Gem*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gemmation.]
1. (Biol.) The formation of a new individual, either animal or
vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction;
gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding.
2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the
bud.
Gemmeous
Gem"me*ous (?), a. [L. gemmeus. See Gem.] Pertaining to gems; of the
nature of gems; resembling gems. Pennant.
Gemmiferous
Gem*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmif\'8are.]
Producing gems or buds; (Biol.) multiplying by buds.
Gemmification
Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make.
See -fy.] (Biol.) The production of a bud or gem.
Gemmiflorate
Gem`mi*flo"rate (?), a. [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
Having flowers like buds.
Gemminess
Gem"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness;
smartness.
Gemmipara Gemmipares
Gem*mip"a*ra (?) Gem*mip"a*res (?) n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemma bud +
parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals which increase by budding, as
hydroids.
Gemmiparity
Gem`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) Reproduction by budding; gemmation.
See Budding.
Gemmiparous
Gem*mip"a*rous (?), a. [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.) Producing buds;
reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.
Gemmosity
Gem*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.] The
quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.] Bailey.
Gemmulation
Gem`mu*la"tion (?), n. [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.)
See Gemmation.
Gemmule
Gem"mule (?), n. [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See Gem.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the
cotyledons. (b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive
spores of alg\'91. (d) An ovule.
2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of
the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's
hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every
cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when
supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and
ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived.
They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring,
but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations
and are then developed. See Pangenesis.
Gemmuliferous
Gem`mu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gemmule + -ferous.] Bearing or producing
gemmules or buds.
Gemmy
Gem"my (?), a. [From Gem, n.]
1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.
The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson.
2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]
Gemote
Ge*mote" (?), n. [As. gem an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.) A
meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the
wise men.
Gems
Gems (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) The chamois.
Gemsbok
Gems"bok (?), n. [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the
chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A
South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly
straight horns.
Gems-horn
Gems"-horn` (?), n. [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.) An organ stop
with conical tin pipes.
Gemul
Ge*mul" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small South American deer (Furcifer
Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.]
-gen
-gen (?). [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race,
stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -g\'8ane.]
1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing,
generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.
2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.
Gena
Ge"na (?), [L., the cheek.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cheek; the feathered
side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to
which the jaws of an insect are attached.
Genappe
Ge*nappe" (?), n. [From Genappe, in Belgium.] A worsted yarn or cord
of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc.
Simmonds.
Gendarme
Gen`darme" (?), n.; pl. Gendarmes (#), or Gens d'armes. [F.]
1. (Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]
2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.
Gendarmery
Gen*darm"er*y (?), n. [F. gendarmerie.] The body of gendarmes.
Gender
Gen"der (?), n. [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.genre, fr.
L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of
genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See
Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.]
1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak.
2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]
3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and
secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated
with sex.
Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex
is natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris.
NOTE: &hand; Ad jectives an d pr onouns ar e said to vary in gender
when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to
which they refer.
Gender
Gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gendering.] [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.] To beget;
to engender.
Gender
Gen"der, v. i. To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.
Genderless
Gen"der*less, a. Having no gender.
Geneagenesis
Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) Alternate generation.
See under Generation.
Genealogic
Gen`e*a*log"ic (?), a. Genealogical.
Genealogical
Gen`e*a*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82alogique.] Of or
pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table; genealogical order.
-- Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Genealogical tree, a family lineage or
genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.
Genealogist
Gen`e*al"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82alogiste.] One who traces
genealogies or the descent of persons or families.
Genealogize
Gen`e*al"o*gize (?), v. i. To investigate, or relate the history of,
descents.
Genealogy
Gen`e*al"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Genealogies (#). [OE. genealogi, genelogie,
OF. genelogie, F. g\'82n\'82alogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. genus) +
1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an
ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural
order of succession; a pedigree.
2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree;
lineage.
Genearch
Gen"e*arch (?), n. [Gr. The chief of a family or tribe.
Genera
Gen"e*ra (?), n. pl. See Genus.
Generability
Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being generated. Johnstone.
Generable
Gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. generabilis.] Capable of being generated or
produced. Bentley.
General
Gen"er*al (?), a. [F. g\'82n\'82ral, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.]
1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order;
as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy.
2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or
particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or
conclusion.
3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague;
indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression.
4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent;
extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general
custom.
This general applause and cheerful sShak.
5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our
general sire. Milton.
6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part.
His general behavior vain, ridiculous. Shak.
7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.
NOTE: &hand; The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually
denotes chief or superior; as, attorney-general; adjutant general;
commissary general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc.
General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all
his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally.
-- General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. -- General average,
General Court. See under Average, Court. -- General court-martial
(Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. -- General
dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use.
-- General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in
general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects.
Abbott. -- General epistle, a canonical epistle. -- General guides
(Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide)
posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to
preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. -- General hospitals (Mil.),
hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field
hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general
plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once,
without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. --
General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment
is made of any balance due on a general account. -- General officer
(Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. -- General
orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole
command. -- General practitioner, in the United States, one who
practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to
any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as
surgeon. -- General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular
parties. -- General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a
general conception or notion. -- General verdict (Law), the ordinary
comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for
the defendant". Burrill. -- General warrant (Law), a warrant, now
illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals.
Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in
which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is
stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the
individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which
pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so
common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it
general, though by no means universal. Gen"er*al (?), n. [F.
g\'82n\'82ral. See General., a.]
1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or
the chief part; -- opposed to particular.
In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by
degrees to generals. Locke.
2. (Mil.) One of the chief military officers of a government or
country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a
brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below
field marshal.
NOTE: &hand; In the United States the office of General of the Army
has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by
Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. <-- =
5-star general. Eisenhower? MacArthur? Pershing? -->Popularly, the
title General is given to various general officers, as General,
Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary
general, etc. See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major
general, in the Vocabulary.
3. (Mil.) The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to
beat the general.
4. (Eccl.) The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or
congregations under the same rule.
5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak.
In general, in the main; for the most part.
Generalia
Gen`e*ra"li*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.] Generalities;
general terms. J. S. Mill.
Generalissimo
Gen`er*al*is"si*mo (?), n. [It., superl. of generale general. See
General, a.] The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander
in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under
separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.
Generality
Gen`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Generalities (#). [L. generalitas: cf. F.
g\'82n\'82ralit\'82. Cf. Generalty.]
1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or
particulars. Hooker.
2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness,
practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase.
Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor.
The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which
make up the Declaration of Independence. R. Choate.
3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a
nation, or of mankind.
Generalizable
Gen"er*al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being generalized, or reduced to
a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule.
Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. Coleridge
Generalization
Gen`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralisation.]
1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals
or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general
principle from particulars.
Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many. Sir
W. Hamilton.
2. A general inference.
Generalize
Gen"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Generalizing (?).] [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82raliser.]
1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a
genus or to genera.
Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring
them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by
referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air. W.
Nicholson.
2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive
application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make
universal in application, as a formula or rule.
When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we
consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation. Sir
W. Hamilton.
3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle)
from particulars.
A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts.
Coleridge.
Generalize
Gen"er*al*ize, v. i. To form into a genus; to view objects in their
relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.
Generalized
Gen"er*al*ized (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Comprising structural characters
which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a
generalized type.
Generalizer
Gen"er*al*i`zer (, n. One who takes general or comprehensive views.
Tyndall.
Generally
Gen"er*al*ly, adv.
1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most
frequently.
2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the
whole; comprehensively.
Generally speaking, they live very quietly. Addison.
3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.]
I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee. 2 Sam.
xvii. ll.
Generalness
Gen"er*al*ness, n. The condition or quality of being general;
frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney.
Generalship
Gen"er*al*ship, n.
1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a
general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of
a general.
Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Goldsmith.
2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.
3. Fig.: Leadership; management.
An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne.
Generalty
Gen"er*al*ty (?), n. Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
Generant
Gen"er*ant (?), a. [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.] Generative;
producing; esp. (Geom.), acting as a generant.
Generant
Gen"er*ant, n.
1. That which generates. Glanvill.
2. (Geom.) A generatrix.
Generate
Gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Generating.] [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus.
See Genus, Gender.]
1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar
to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own
species.
2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton.
3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to
produce; to cause.
Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate
milk. Arbuthnot.
4. (Math.) To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of
a point or a magnitude of inferior order.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 619
Generation
Gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [OE. generacioun, F. g\'82n\'82ration, fr.L.
generatio.]
1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.
2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital;
production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of
curves, etc.
3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.
4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank
or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same
genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings
living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the
ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father
is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century;
an age.
This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen. v. 1.
Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long
season, namely, seven generations. Baruch vi. 3.
All generations and ages of the Christian church. Hooker.
5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock.
Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog? Shak.
6. (Geom.) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude,
as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a
mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a
line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a
sphere by a semicircle, etc.
7. (Biol.) The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend
reproduction.
NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e fo ur mo des of ge neration in the animal
kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or
by budding, germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova.
Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual
generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of
the other, -- a form of reproduction common both to animal and
vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from
sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically.
These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their
impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more
complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced
agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these
in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation
is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is
reproduced. -- Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production
of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic
matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time
had many supporters; abiogenesis.
Generative
Gen"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ratif.] Having the power of
generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative
particle." Bentley.
Generator
Gen"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.]
1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.
2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid
by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort,
or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.
3. (Mus.) The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced;
the fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- called also
generating tone.
Generatrix
Gen`er*a"trix (?), n.; pl. L. Generatrices (#), E. Generatrixes (#).
[L.] (Geom.) That which generates; the point, or the mathematical
magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a
line, surface, or solid; -- called also describent.
Generic, Generical
Ge*ner"ic (?), Ge*ner"ic*al (?), a. [L. genus, generis, race, kind:
cf. F. g\'82n\'82rique. See Gender.]
1. (Biol.) Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as
distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic
description; a generic difference; a generic name.
2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or
their characteristics; -- opposed to specific.
Generically
Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv. With regard to a genus, or an extensive class;
as, an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals or
plants generically allied.
Genericalness
Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being generic.
Generification
Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.)
to make. See -fy.] The act or process of generalizing.
Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification. Sir W.
Hamilton.
Generosity
Gen`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. generositas: cf. F. g\'82n\'82rosit\'82.]
1. Noble birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages).
2. The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness.
Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of
other men's virtues and good qualities. Barrow.
3. Liberality in giving; munificence. Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality.
Generous
Gen"er*ous (?), a. [F. g\'82n\'82reux, fr. L. generous of noble birth,
noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It.
generoso. See 2d Gender.]
1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.]
The generous and gravest citizens. Shak.
2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as
belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited;
courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope.
"A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison.
3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as,
a generous friend or father.
4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous
table. Swift.
5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous
wine. Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal. -- Gen"er*ous*ly,
adv. -- Gen"er*ous*ness, n.
Genesee epoch
Gen`e*see" ep"och (?). (Geol.) The closing subdivision of the Hamilton
period in the American Devonian system; -- so called because the
formations of this period crop out in Genesee, New York.
Genesial
Ge*ne"sial (?), a. Of or relating to generation.
Genesiolgy
Ge*ne`si*ol"gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The doctrine or science of
generation.
Genesis
Gen"e*sis (?), n. [L., from Gr. genus birth, race. See Gender.]
1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the
process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination.
The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club. Carlyle.
2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek
translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the
world and of the human race.
3. (Geom.) Same as Generation.
Genet, Genette
Gen"et (?), Ge*nette" (, n. [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei
1. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus
Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less
developed, and without a pouch.
NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon ge net (G enetta vu lgaris) of So uthern
Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with
black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet
(G. felina), and the berbe (G. pardina), are related African
species.
2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin
dressed in imitation of this fur.
Genet
Gen"et (?), n. [See Jennet.] A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish
horse; a jennet. Shak.
Genethliac
Ge*neth"li*ac (?), a. [L. genethliacus, Gr. Pertaining to nativities;
calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth.
Howell.
Genethliac
Ge*neth"li*ac, n.
1. A birthday poem.
2. One skilled in genethliacs.
Genethliacal
Gen`eth*li"a*cal (?), a. Genethliac.
Genethliacs
Ge*neth"li*acs (?), n. The science of calculating nativities, or
predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at
birth. Jhonson.
Genethlialogy
Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Divination as to the destinies of one
newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology.
Genethliatic
Ge*neth`li*at"ic (?), n. One who calculates nativities. Sir W.
Drummond.
Genetic
Ge*net"ic (?), a. Same as Genetical.
Genetical
Ge*net"ic*al (?), a. [See Genesis.] Pertaining to, concerned with, or
determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of
production or development.
This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of
philosophy. Hare.
Genetically
Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a genetical manner.
Geneva
Ge*ne"va (?), n. The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a
translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English
refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first
English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black
letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the
first which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and
soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also
Genevan Bible. -- Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by
representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed
in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the
treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister
to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral,
and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the
ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. --
Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the flag
and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.
Geneva
Ge*ne"va (?), n. [F. geni\'8avre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF.
geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever,
fr. F. geni\'8avre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.] A strongly
alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; -- made in Holland;
Holland gin; Hollands.
Genevan
Ge*ne"van (?), a. Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland;
Genevese.
Genevan
Ge*ne"van, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva.
2. A supported of Genevanism.
Genevanism
Ge*ne"van*ism (?), n. [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Strict
Calvinism. Bp. Montagu.
Genevese
Gen`e*vese" (?), a. [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. g\'82nevois.] Of or
pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. -- n. sing. & pl. A
native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of
Geneva; people of Geneva.
Genial
Ge*ni"al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Genian.
Genial
Gen"ial (?), a. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]
1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production;
generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton.
Creator Venus, genial power of love. Dryden.
2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life;
sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or
happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she
was of a cheerful and genial disposition.
So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton.
3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural;
inborn. [Obs.]
Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. Sir T. Browne.
4. Denoting or marked with genius [R.]
Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less
genial works. Hare.
Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over
marriage and generation.
Geniality
Ge`ni*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. genialitas.] The quality of being genial;
sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.
Genially
Gen"ial*ly (?), adv.
1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.]
Some men are genially disposed to some opinions. Glanvill.
2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson.
Genialness
Gen"ial*ness, n. The quality of being genial.
Genian
Ge*ni"an (?), a. [Gr. Chin.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin;
mental; as, the genian prominence.
Geniculate
Ge*nic"u*late (?), a. [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee, knot
or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.] Bent abruptly at an angle,
like the knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion;
a geniculate twin crystal.
Geniculate
Ge*nic"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Geniculating.] To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram.
Geniculated
Ge*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. Same as Geniculate.
Geniculation
Ge*nic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. geniculatio a kneeling.]
1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall.
2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.
G\'82nie
G\'82`nie (?), n. [F.] See Genius.
Genio
Ge"ni*o (?), n. [It. See Genius.] A man of a particular turn of mind.
[R.] Tatler.
Geniohyoid
Ge`ni*o*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid muscle.
Genipap
Gen"i*pap (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of a West Indian tree
(Genipa Americana) of the order Rubiace\'91. It is oval in shape, as a
large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark
purple juice.
Genista
Ge*nis"ta (?), n. [L., broom.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the
common broom of Western Europe.
Genital
Gen"i*tal (?), a. [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F.
g\'82nital. See Gender.] Pertaining to generation, or to the
generative organs. Genital cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus
by the union of portions of the Wolffian and M\'81llerian ducts and
giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes.
Genitals
Gen"i*tals (?), n. pl. [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.] The
organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.
Geniting
Gen"i*ting (?), n. [See Jenneting.] A species of apple that ripens
very early. Bacon.
Genitival
Gen`i*ti"val (?), a. Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or
derived from, the genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. --
Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv.
Genitive
Gen"i*tive (?), a. [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget: cf.
F. g\'82nitif. See Gender.] (Gram.) Of or pertaining to that case (as
the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or
possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.
Genitive
Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.) The genitive case. Genitive absolute, a
construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See
Ablative absolute.
Genitocrural
Gen`i*to*cru"ral (?), a. [Genital + crural.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the
genital organs and the thigh; -- applied especially to one of the
lumbar nerves.
Genitor
Gen"i*tor (?), n. [L.]
1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. Sheldon.
2. pl. The genitals. [Obs.] Holland.
Genitourinary
Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry (?), a. [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.) See
Urogenital.
Geniture
Gen"i*ture (?), n. [L. genitura: cf. F. g\'82niture.] Generation;
procreation; birth. Dryden.
Genius
Gen"ius (?), n.; pl. E. Geniuses (#); in sense 1, L. Genii (#). [L.
genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in
everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or
place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring
forth. See Gender, and cf. Engine.]
1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to
preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural
being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee.
The unseen genius of the wood. Milton.
We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius
of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive
offerings on an altar as a deity. Tylor.
2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is
endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is
peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of
action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination,
or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting.
3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a
language.
4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power;
especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or
of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius.
Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the
modifyng power. Coleridge.
5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior
intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius. Syn. --
Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature,
impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and
producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes
general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being
molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and
purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of
imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent
depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the
faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius
for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy.
Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius;
William Pitt for his pre\'89minent talents, and especially his
unrivaled talent for debate.
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Genius loci ( [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a place;
hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a
college, etc.
Genoese
Gen`o*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. -- n.
sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people
of Genoa.
Genouill\'8are
Ge*nouil`l\'8are" (?), n. [F.]
1. (Anc. Armor) A metal plate covering the knee.
2. (Fort.) That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform
and the bottom of an embrasure.
-genous
-ge*nous. [-gen + -ous.] A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as,
alkaligenous; endogenous.
Genre
Genre (?), n. [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts) A style of painting,
sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life and
manners.
Gens
Gens (?), n.; pl. Gentes (#). [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.)
1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the same
stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; a
subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe.
2. (Ethnol.) A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American
aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the
same totem.
Gent
Gent (?), a. [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr.
gentilis. See Genteel.]
1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.]
All of a knight [who] was fair and gent. Chaucer.
2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser.
Her body gent and small. Chaucer.
Genteel
Gen*teel" (?), a. [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.]
1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as
belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness
of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste;
polite; well-bred; as, genteel company, manners, address.
2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner;
as, the lady has a genteel person. Law.
3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a
genteel allowance. Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.
Genteelish
Gen*teel"ish, a. Somewhat genteel.
Genteelly
Gen*teel"ly, adv. In a genteel manner.
Genteelness
Gen*teel"ness, n. The quality of being genteel.
Genterie, Gentrie
Gen"ter*ie (?), Gen"trie (, n. [OE. See Gentry.] Nobility of birth or
of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gentian
Gen"tian (?), n. [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana, fr. Gentius,
an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.] (Bot.) Any
one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves
and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes
white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule.
NOTE: &hand; Ma ny sp ecies ar e fo und on the highest mountains of
Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as
the Alpine (Gentiana verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American
fringed gentians (G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as
tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the
officinal gentian of the pharmacop&oe;ias.
Horse gentian, fever root. -- Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal
gentian (Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort.
Gentianaceous
Gen`tian*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (Gentianace\'91) of which the gentian is the type.
Gentianella
Gen`tian*el"la (?), n. [See Gentian.] A kind of blue color. Johnson.
Gentianic
Gen`ti*an"ic (?), a. Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as,
gentianic acid.
Gentianine
Gen"tian*ine (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter, crystallizable substance
obtained from gentian.
Gentianose
Gen"tian*ose` (?), n. (Chem.) A crystallizable, sugarlike substance,
with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.
Gentil
Gen"til (?), a. & n. Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gentile
Gen"tile (?), n. [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock, race,
people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in opposition
to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle, a.] One of
a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of
false gods; a heathen.
NOTE: &hand; The Hebrews included in the term g\'d3yim, or nations,
all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were
not circumcised. The Christians translated g\'d3yim by the L.
gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all
nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the
denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans.
Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See Pagan.
Gentile
Gen"tile, a.
1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews;
ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.
2. (Gram.) Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or
adjective.
Gentile-falcon
Gen"tile-fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Falcon-gentil.
Gentilesse
Gen`ti*lesse" (?), n. [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse. See
Gentle. a.] Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gentilish
Gen"til*ish (?), a. Heathenish; pagan.
Gentilism
Gen"til*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. gentilisme.]
1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.
2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens.
Gentilitial, Gentilitious
Gen`ti*li"tial (?), Gen`ti*li"tious (?), a. [L. gentilitius. See
Gentile.] [Obs.]
1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne.
2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot.
Gentility
Gen*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who
belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilit\'82
heathenism. See Gentile.]
1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay.
He . . . mines my gentility with my education. Shak.
2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as
self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a
graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.
3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the
gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies.
4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker.
Gentilize
Gen"til*ize (?), v. i. [See Gentile.]
1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton.
2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see It, 5). [Obs.]
Gentilize
Gen"til*ize, v. i. To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize
your unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester.
Gentilly
Gen"til*ly (?), adv. [From Gentil, a.] In a gentle or hoble manner;
frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gentiopikrin
Gen`ti*o*pi"krin (?), n. [Gentian + Gr. (Chem.) A bitter, yellow,
crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the
gentian.
Gentisin
Gen"ti*sin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance,
obtained from the gentian; -- called also gentianin.
Gentle
Gen"tle (?), a. [Compar. Gentler (?); superl. Gentlest (?).] [OE.
gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same
clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which
belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget;
hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble
birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.]
1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble.
British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and
families are either noble, gentle, or simple. Johnson's Cyc.
The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow
their time. Milton.
2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild;
meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or
disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.
3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as,
gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak.
4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame;
peaceable; as, a gentle horse.
5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy;
soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop. "Gentle
music." Sir J. Davies.
O sleep! it is a gentle thing. Coleridge.
The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking. Syn. -- Mild; meek;
placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame;
tractable; docile. -- Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle describes the
natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training; mild
implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; meek, a
spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering.
The lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the Apostle, was
mild; Moses was meek.
Gentle
Gen"tle, n.
1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.]
Gentles, methinks you frown. Shak.
2. A trained falcon. See Falcon-gentil.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A dipterous larva used as fish bait.
Gentle
Gent"le, v. t.
1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.]
To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a
plain. Young.
3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.]
Gentlefolk, Gentlefolks
Gen"tle*folk` (?), Gen"tle*folks` (, n. pl. Persons of gentle or
good family and breeding. [Generally in the United States in the
plural form.] Shak.
Gentle-hearted
Gen"tle-heart`ed (?), a. Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak.
-- Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness, n.
Gentleman
Gen"tle*man (?), n.; pl. Gentlemen (#). [OE. gentilman nobleman;
gentil noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]
1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of
a yeoman.
2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man.
3. (Her.) One who bears arms, but has no title.
4. The servant of a man of rank.
The count's gentleman, one Cesario. Shak.
5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the plural (=
citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc.
NOTE: &hand; In Gr eat Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a
limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a
title, and, in this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the
nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every
man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the
United States, the term is applied to men of education and good
breeding of every occupation.
Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners at the
University of Oxford. -- Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into
the presence of a sovereign, etc. -- Gentleman usher of the black rod,
an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to
serve as official messenger of the House of Lords. --
Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign
on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners. [Eng.]
Gentlemanhood
Gen"tle*man*hood (?), n. The qualities or condition of a gentleman.
[R.] Thackeray.
Gentlemanlike, Gentlemanly
Gen"tle*man*like` (?), Gen"tle*man*ly (?), a. Of, pertaining to,
resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-behaved; courteous; polite.
Gentlemanliness
Gen"tle*man*li*ness (?), n. The state of being gentlemanly;
gentlemanly conduct or manners.
Gentlemanship
Gen"tle*man*ship, n. The carriage or quality of a gentleman.
Gentleness
Gen"tle*ness, n. The quality or state of being gentle, well-born,
mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners,
disposition, etc.; mildness.
Gentleship
Gen"tle*ship, n. The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.]
Ascham.
Gentlesse
Gent"lesse (?), n. Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.]
Gentlewoman
Gen"tle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Gentlewomen (.
1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the
vulgar. Bacon.
2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak.
Gently
Gen"tly (?), adv. In a gentle manner.
My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden.
Gentoo
Gen*too" (?), n.; pl. Gentoos (#). [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See
Gentile.] A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]
Gentry
Gen"try (?), n. [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf.
gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE.
genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.]
1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie."
Chaucer.
She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and
sweet friendship's oath. Shak.
2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted
sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay.
3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.]
To show us so much gentry and good will. Shak.
Genty
Gen"ty (?), a. [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.] Neat; trim. [Scot.]
Burns.
Genu
Ge"nu (?), n.; pl. Genua (#). [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee.
(b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the
brain.
Genuflect
Gen`u*flect" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Genuflecting.] [See Genuflection.] To bend the knee, as in worship.
Genuflection
Gen`u*flec"tion (?), n. [F. g\'82nuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L.
genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See Knee,
Flexible.] The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Genuine
Gen"u*ine (?), a. [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in
pass., to be born: cf. F. g\'82nuine. See Gender.] Belonging to, or
proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit,
spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure;
as, a genuine text; a genuine production; genuine materials. "True,
genuine night." Dryden. Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure;
unalloyed; unadulterated. See Authentic. -- Gen"u*ine*ly, adv. --
Gen"u*ine*ness, n.
The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness
of these letters, is overwhelming. Macaulay.
Genus
Ge"nus (?), n.; pl. Genera (#). [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to
Gr. Gender, and cf. Benign.]
1. (Logic) A class of objects divided into several subordinate
species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined
and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or
sorts of terms.
2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points
of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists,
they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily
the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided
into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it
is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more
or less an artificial genus.
NOTE: &hand; Th us in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger,
cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the
vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some
genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum
(Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one
known species.
Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher
genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of
mammal. -- Summum genus [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which
can not be classed as a species, as being .
Genys
Ge"nys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Conys.
Geocentric, Geocentrical
Ge`o*cen"tric (?), Ge`o*cen"tric*al (?), a. [Gr. g\'82ocentrique.]
(Astron.) (a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to
or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen
from the sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet.
(b) Having reference to the center of the earth. Geocentric latitude
(of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through
the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from geographic
latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude.
Geocentrically
Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a geocentric manner.
Geocronite
Ge*oc"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. geokronit.] (Min.) A lead-gray or grayish
blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony,
and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic.
Geocyclic
Ge`o*cyc"lic (?), a. [Gr.
1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth;
as, a geocyclic machine.
2. Circling the earth periodically.
Geode
Ge"ode (?), n. [F. g\'82ode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. (Min.) (a) A nodule of
stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter. (b)
The cavity in such a nodule.
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Geodephagous
Ge`o*deph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Living in the earth; --
applied to the ground beetles.
Geodesic, Geodesical
Ge`o*des"ic (?), Ge`o*des"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82od\'82sique.]
(Math.) Of or pertaining to geodetic.
Geodesic
Ge`o*des"ic, n. A geodetic line or curve.
Geodesist
Ge*od"e*sist (?), n. One versed in geodesy.
Geodesy
Ge*od"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. g\'82od\'82sie.] (Math.) That branch of
applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and
measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's
surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that
branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into
account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.
Geodetic, Geodetical
Ge`o*det"ic (?), Ge`o*det"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to gebdesy;
obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in
geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers.
Geodetic line OR curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between
two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on
any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every
point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that
can be drawn on any surface between any two points.
Geodetically
Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.
Geodetics
Ge`o*det"ics (?), n. Same as Geodesy.
Geodiferous
Ge`o*dif"er*ous (?), a. [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.) Producing geodes;
containing geodes.
Geoduck
Ge"o*duck (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A gigantic clam
(Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly
valued as an article of food.
Geognosis
Ge`og*no"sis (?), n. [See Geognosy.] Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G.
Eliot.
Geognost
Ge"og*nost (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82ognoste.] One versed in geognosy; a
geologist. [R.]
Geognostic, Geognostical
Ge`og*nos"tic (?), Ge`og*nos"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ognostique.]
Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of
the earth; geological. [R.]
Geognosy
Ge*og"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. g\'82ognosie.] That part of geology which
treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general
exterior and interior constitution.
Geogonic, Geogonical
Ge`o*gon"ic (?), Ge`o*gon"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ogonique.] Of or
pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.
Geogony
Ge*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. g\'82ogonie.] The branch of science which
treats of the formation of the earth.
Geographer
Ge*og"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in geography.
Geographic, Geographical
Ge`o*graph"ic (?), Ge`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. geographicus, Gr.
g\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to geography. Geographical
distribution. See under Distribution. -- Geographic latitude (of a
place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to
the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the
equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of
the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere. --
Geographical mile. See under Mile. -- Geographical variation, any
variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other
geographical conditions.
Geographically
Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geographical manner or method;
according to geography.
Geography
Ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl. Geographies (#). [F. g\'82ographie, l.
geographia, fr. Gr. Graphic.]
1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a
description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its
structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by
whom it is inhabited.
2. A treatise on this science.
Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a
planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude,
its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual
motions. -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the
earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals,
plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the
explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. --
Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth
is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and
conditions.
Geolatry
Ge*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the earth. G. W. Cox.
CAPTION: The Geological Series.
NOTE: &hand; Th e science of geology, as treating of the history of
the globe, involves a description of the different strata which
compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms
of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of
geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative
positions, are indicated in the following diagram.
<-- illustration of geological periods, with rock layers, takes one
column from top to bottom of the page here -->
Geologer, Geologian
Ge*ol"o*ger (?), Ge`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A geologist.
Geologic, Geological
Ge`o*log"ic (?), Ge`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ologique.] Of or
pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.
Geologically
Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geological manner.
Geologist
Ge*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. G\'82ologiste.] One versed in the science
of geology.
Geologize
Ge*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Geologizing (?).] To study geology or make geological investigations
in the field; to discourse as a geologist.
During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire. Darwin.
Geology
Ge*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Geologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
g\'82ologie.]
1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral
constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as
regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life,
etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its
structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced;
dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series.
2. A treatise on the science.
Geomalism
Ge*om"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The tendency of an organism to
respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation.
Geomancer
Ge"o*man`cer (?), n. One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.
Geomancy
Ge"o*man`cy (?), n. [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. g\'82omance,
g\'82omancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr. A kind of divination by means of
figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the
earth, and latterly on paper.
Geomantic, Geomantical
Ge`o*man"tic (?), Ge`o*man"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82omantique.]
Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.
Geometer
Ge*om"e*ter (?), n. [F. g\'82om\'8atre, L. geometres, geometra, fr.
Gr. Meter measure.]
1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician. I. Watts.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.
Geometral
Ge*om"e*tral (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82om\'82tral.] Pertaining to geometry.
[Obs.]
Geometric, Geometrical
Ge`o*met"ric (?), Ge`o*met"ric*al (?), a. [L. geometricus; Gr.
g\'82om\'82trique.] Pertaining to, or according to the rules or
principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical
solution of a problem.
NOTE: &hand; Ge ometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to
include processes or solutions in which the propositions or
principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of
algebra.
NOTE: &hand; Ge ometrical is of ten us ed in a limited or strictly
technical sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or
solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses,
i. e., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or
solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line
or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical,
but mechanical. By another distinction, a geometrical solution is
one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis,
and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by
trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only
approximate and empirical.
Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; -- so called because their
different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary
geometry. -- Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes,
etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also
cycloidal engine. -- Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. --
Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which
the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of
ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed
wheels which give motion to the arm. -- Geometrical plane (Persp.),
the same as Ground plane . -- Geometrical progression, proportion,
ratio. See under Progression, Proportion and Ratio. -- Geometrical
radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel.
Knight. -- Geometric spider (Zo\'94l.), one of many species of
spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira
and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider. --
Geometric square, a portable instrument in the form of a square frame
for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. --
Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are supported by the
wall at one end only. -- Geometrical tracery, in architecture and
decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 622
Geometrically
Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. According to the rules or laws of
geometry.
Geometrician
Ge*om`e*tri"cian (?), n. One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a
mathematician.
Geometrid
Ge*om"e*trid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining or belonging to the
Geometrid\'91.
Geometrid
Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous genera and species of
moths, of the family Geometrid\'91; -- so called because their
larv\'91 (called loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms)
creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are
injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.
Geometrize
Ge*om"e*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Geometrizing (?).] To investigate or apprehend geometrical
quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in
accordance with the principles of geometry.
Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things. Sir T.
Browne.
Geometry
Ge*om"e*try (?), n; pl. Geometries (#) [F. g\'82om\'82trie, L.
geometria, fr. Gr. Geometer.]
1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations,
properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles;
the science which treats of the properties and relations of
magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.
2. A treatise on this science.
Analytical, OR Co\'94rdinate, geometry, that branch of mathematical
analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the
relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. -- Descriptive
geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution
of all problems involving three dimensions. -- Elementary geometry,
that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of
straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane
surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. -- Higher
geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of
straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their
relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher
degrees.
Geophagism
Ge*oph"a*gism (?), n. [Gr. The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt
eating, under Dirt. Dunglison.
Geophagist
Ge*oph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.
Geophagous
Ge*oph"a*gous (?), a. Earth-eating.
Geophila
Ge*oph"i*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of
Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs.
Geoponic, Geoponical
Ge`o*pon"ic (?), Ge`o*pon"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. g\'82oponique.]
Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.
Geoponics
Ge`o*pon"ics (?), n. [Gr. g\'82oponique.] The art or science of
cultivating the earth; agriculture. Evelin.
Georama
Ge`o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. g\'82orama.] A hollow globe on the inner
surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one
standing inside.
Geordie
Geor"die (?), n. A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety
lamp. Raymond.
George
George (?), n. [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr. work.
See Work.]
1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback,
appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter.
2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.
George noble
George" no`ble (?). [So called from the image of St. George on it.] A
gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n.
Georgian
Geor"gi*an (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the
United States.
2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great
Britan; as, the Georgian era. <-- five? -->
Georgian
Geor"gi*an, n. A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.
Georgic
Geor"gic (?), n. [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr.
g\'82orgiques, pl. See Georgic, a.] A rural poem; a poetical
composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands,
etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil.
Georgic, Georgical
Geor"gic (?), Geor"gic*al (?), a. [L. georgicus, Gr. g\'82orgique. See
George.] Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.
Georgium Sidus
Geor"gi*um Si`dus (?). [NL., the star of George (III. of England).]
(Astron.) The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W.
Herschel.
Geoscopy
Ge*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. g\'82oscopie.] Knowledge of
the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection. Chambers.
Geoselenic
Ge`o*se*len"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the earth and moon;
belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and
moon; as, geoselenic phenomena.
Geostatic
Ge`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. static.] (Civil Engin.) Relating to the
pressure exerted by earth or similar substance. Geostatic arch, an
arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted
by earth. Rankine.
Geosynclinal
Ge`o*syn*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. synclinal.] (Geol.) the downward bend or
subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual
accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making
of a mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal.
Geothermometer
Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics) A thermometer
specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the
surface of the ground.
Geotic
Ge*ot"ic (?) a. [Gr. Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey.
Geotropic
Ge`o*trop"ic (?), a. [See Geotropism.] (Biol.) Relating to, or
showing, geotropism.
Geotropism
Ge*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) A disposition to turn or incline
towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the
direction of growth of an organ.
NOTE: &hand; In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the
earth are said to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the
opposite direction negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is
supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on
the plane of division of the ovum.
Gephyrea
Ge*phyr"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of marine
Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated
externally, and is mostly without set\'91.
Gephyrean
Ge*phyr"e*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- n. One
of the Gerphyrea.
Gephyreoid
Ge*phyr"e*oid (?), a. & n. [Gephyrea + -oid.] Gephyrean.
Gepound
Ge*pound" (?), n. See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gerah
Ge"rah (?), n. [Heb. g, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.) A small coin
and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.
NOTE: &hand; Th e silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about
three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent
to about thirteen grains.
Geraniaceous
Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
pants (Geraniace\'91) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium,
and many others.
Geraniine, Geranine
Ge*ra"ni*ine (?), Ger"a*nine (?), n. [See Geranium.]
1. (Med.) A valuable astringet obtained from the root of the Geranium
maculatum or crane's-bill.
2. (Chem.) A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium
maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also
geranium.]
Geranium
Ge*ra"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. g\'82ranium. See Crane, n.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle,
around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous
projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have
showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill.
2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium.
NOTE: &hand; Ma ny pl ants re ferred to th e genus Geranium by the
earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of
Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated
"geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa.
Gerant
Ge"rant (?), n. [F. g\'82rant.] The manager or acting partner of a
company, joint-stock association, etc.
Gerbe
Gerbe (?), n. [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny) A kind of ornamental
firework. Farrow.
Gerbil, Gerbille
Ger"bil (?), Ger`bille" (?), n. [F. gerbille. Cf. Jerboa.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus
Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They
inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.
Gerboa
Ger*bo"a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The jerboa.
Gere
Gere (?), n. Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gerent
Ge"rent (?), a. [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.]
Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] Bailey.
Gerfalcon
Ger"fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gyrfalcon.
Gerful
Ger"ful (?), a. [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.] Changeable;
capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gerland, Gerlond
Ger"land (?), Ger"lond, n. A garland. [Obs.]
Gerlind
Ger"lind (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon returning from the sea the second
time. [Prov. Eng.]
Germ
Germ (?), n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ.
Cf. Germen, Germane.]
1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of
a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under
which an organism appears.
In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two
distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of
generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of
development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete
organism. Carpenter.
2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the
germ of civil liberty.
Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial
organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the
Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the
cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). -- Germ cell
(Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal
arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally
becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives
rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like
the parent. See Ovum. -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ stock
(Zo\'94l.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain
animals. See Doliolum. -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living
organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of
living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to
the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are
due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria,
the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism
itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation
theory.
Germ
Germ (?), v. i. To germinate. [R.] J. Morley.
Germain
Ger*main" (?), a. [Obs.] See Germane.
German
Ger"man (?), a. [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus
full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents);
akin to germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.] Nearly related; closely akin.
Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak.
Brother german. See Brother german. -- Cousins german. See the Note
under Cousin.
German
Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans (#) [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.]
1. A native or one of the people of Germany.
2. The German language.
3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in
capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german
is danced.
High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, --
comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century;
Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H.
G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German
literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern
literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern
German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover
both groups. -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the
Netherlands, -- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon;
Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch
(called also Low German), spoken in many dialects.
German
Ger"man, a. [L. Germanus. See German, n.] Of or pertaining to Germany.
German Baptists. See Dunker. -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having
a long elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp (Zo\'94l.), the
crucian carp. -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria
Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. -- German
paste, a prepared food for caged birds. -- German process (Metal.),
the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting,
if necessary. Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for
sarsaparilla extract. -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with
meat partly cooked. -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy,
hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the
air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and
was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount
of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is
essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly
much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of
machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys.
-- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge,
with charcoal for fuel. -- German text (Typog.), a character
resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental
headings, etc., as in the words,
NOTE: &hand; This line is German Text.
-- German tinder. See Amadou.
Germander
Ger*man"der (?), n. [OE. germaunder, F. germandr\'82e, It.
calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.) A plant
of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium Cham\'91drys or wall germander),
mintlike herbs and low shrubs. American germander, Teucrium Canadense.
-- Germander chickweed, Veronica agrestis. -- Water germander,
Teucrium Scordium. -- Wood germander, Teucrium Scorodonia.
Germane
Ger*mane" (?), a. [See German akin, nearly related.] Literally, near
akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant.
The phrase would be more germane to the matter. Shak.
[An amendment] must be germane. Barclay (Digest).
Germanic
Ger*man"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.
Germanic
Ger*man"ic, a. [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy.
2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]
Germanism
Ger"man*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. germanisme.]
1. An idiom of the German language.
2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode,
doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander.
Germanium
Ger*ma"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.) A rare
element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at
Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate
between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general
identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight
72.3.
Germanization
Ger`man*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold.
Germanize
Ger"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Germanizing (?).] To make German, or like what is distinctively
German; as, to Germanize a province, a language, a society.
Germanize
Ger"man*ize, v. i. To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.
Germarium
Ger*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Germ.] (Zo\'94l.) An organ in which the
ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 623
Germen
Ger"men (?), n.; pl. E. Germens (#), L. Germina (#). [L.] See Germ.
Germicidal
Ger"mi*ci`dal (?), a. Germicide.
Germicide
Ger"mi*cide (?), a. [Germ +L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.) Destructive to
germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon
living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are
considered the cause of many infectious diseases. -- n. A germicide
agent.
Germinal
Ger"mi*nal (?), a. [See Germ.] Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as,
the germinal vesicle. Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of
cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer
covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the
mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is
sometimes included. -- Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm.
-- Germinal spot (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum. -- Germinal
vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of the ovum of animals.
Germinal
Ger`mi*nal" (?), n. [F. See Germ .] The seventh month of the French
republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April
19. See Vend\'90miaire.
Germinant
Ger"mi*nant (?), a. [L. germinans, p. pr.] Sprouting; sending forth
germs or buds.
Germinate
Ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Germinating.] [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr.
germen. See Germ.] To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate,
as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon.
Germinate
Ger"mi*nate, v. t. To cause to sprout. Price (1610).
Germination
Ger`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.] The
process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a
seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or
vegetable. Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain.
Germinative
Ger"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. germinatif.] Pertaining to germination;
having power to bud or develop. Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle.
(Biol.) Same as Germinal spot, Germinal vesicle, under Germinal.
Germiparity
Ger`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.)
Reproduction by means of germs.
Germless
Germ"less, a. Without germs.
Germogen
Ger"mo*gen (?), n. [Germ + -gen.] (Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of
protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova
are developed. Balfour. (b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic
forms. Balfour.
Germ plasm
Germ" plasm` (?), (Biol.) See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm.
Germule
Germ"ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.) A small germ.
Gern
Gern (?), v. t. [See Grin.] To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like
a gulf when he did gern." Spenser.
Gerner
Ger"ner (?), n. A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gerocomia
Ger`o*co"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Gerocomy.
Gerocomical
Ger`o*com"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith.
Gerocomy
Ge*roc"o*my (?), n. [F. g\'82rocomie, fr. Gr. That part of medicine
which treats of regimen for old people.
Gerontes
Ge*ron"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) Magistrates in
Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the supreme civil
authority.
Gerontocracy
Ger`on*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone.
Geropigia
Ger`o*pig"i*a (?), n. [Pg. geropiga.] A mixture composed of
unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of
wines. [Written also jerupigia.]
-gerous
-ger*ous (?). [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.] A suffix
signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous; dentigerous.
Gerrymander
Ger`ry*man"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Gerrymandering.] To divide (a State) into districts for the
choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view
to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political
Cant, U. S.]
NOTE: &hand; This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge
Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the
name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure.
Bartlett.
Gerund
Ger"und (?), n. [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform. See
Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.)
1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the
singular number, and governing cases like a participle.
2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually
denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic
h\'91bbe mete t\'93 etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English
the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing
denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.
Gerundial
Ge*run"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a
gerundial use.
Gerundive
Ge*run"dive (?), a. [L. gerundivus.] Pertaining to, or partaking of,
the nature of the gerund; gerundial. -- n. (Lat. Gram.) The future
passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved.
Gerundively
Ge*run"dive*ly, adv. In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a
gerund.
Gery
Ger"y (?), a. [See Gerful.] Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gesling
Ges"ling (?), n. A gosling. [Prov. Eng.]
Gesse
Gesse (?), v. t. & i. To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gest
Gest (?), n. A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gest
Gest (?), n. [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.]
1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show;
ceremony. [Obs.] Mede.
3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic]
Through his heroic grace and honorable gest. Spenser.
Gest
Gest (?), n. [Cf. Gist a resting place.]
1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or
progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey.
2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress.
Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer.
Gestant
Ges"tant (?), a. [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.] Bearing within;
laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant with heat." Mrs.
Browning.
Gestation
Ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare to
bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F. gestation.
See Gest deed, Jest.]
1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.]
2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery;
pregnancy.
3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a
carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise.
Dunglison.
Gestatory
Ges"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf. F.
gestatoire.]
1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.
2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.]
Geste
Geste (?), v. i. To tell stories or gests. [Obs.]
Gestic
Ges"tic (?), a. [See Gest a deed, Gesture.]
1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary.
And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore. Goldsmith.
2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said
especially with reference to dancing.
Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art. Sir W. Scott.
Gesticulate
Ges*tic"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Gesticulating.] [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to
gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of
gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See
Gestic.] To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures.
Sir T. Herbert.
Gesticulate
Ges*tic"u*late, v. t. To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson.
Gesticulation
Ges*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.]
1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or
enforce sentiments.
2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in
representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and
sentiments. Macaulay.
3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson.
Gesticulator
Ges*tic"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who gesticulates.
Gesticulatory
Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Representing by, or belonging to, gestures.
T. Warton.
Gestour
Ges"tour (?), n. [See Gest a deed.] A reciter of gests or legendary
tales; a story-teller. [Obs.]
Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales. Chaucer.
Gestural
Ges"tur*al (?), a. Relating to gesture.
Gesture
Ges"ture (?), n. [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere, gestum,
to bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.]
1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs;
posture. [Obs.]
Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many
nations. Sir T. Browne.
2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion;
any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to
enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion.
Humble and reverent gestures. Hooker.
Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture
dignity and love. Milton.
Gesture
Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gesturing.] To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to
gesticulate.
It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth. Hooker.
Gesture
Ges"ture, v. i. To make gestures; to gesticulate.
The players . . . gestured>/qex> not undecently withal. Holland.
Gestureless
Ges"ture*less, a. Free from gestures.
Gesturement
Ges"ture*ment (?), n. Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.
Get
Get (?), n. Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Get
Get (?), n. [OF. get.]
1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Get
Get (?), v. t. [imp. Got (?) (Obs. Gat (); p. p. Got (Obsolescent
Gotten (?)); p. pr. & vb. n. Getting.] [OE. geten, AS. gitan, gietan
(in comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L. prehendere
to seize, take, Gr. Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget, Impregnable,
Prehensile.]
1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn;
to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any
means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and
economy; to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and
economy; to get land by purchase, etc.
2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to
have. Johnson.
Thou hast got the face of man. Herbert.
3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.
I had rather to adopt a child than get it. Shak.
4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to
memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's
Greek lesson.
It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen
twenty. Bp. Fell.
5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.
Get him to say his prayers. Shak.
6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; --
with a following participle.
Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched. Shak.
7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use.
Get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13.
He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega. Knolles.
NOTE: &hand; Ge t, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs
implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in,
the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the
preposition; thus, to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under
shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to
extract; to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to
cause to come together, to collect.
To get by heart, to commit to memory. -- To get the better of, To get
the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. -- To
get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange;
to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a
book, an agitation. Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain.
Get
Get (?), v. i.
1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to
be increased.
We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get. Shak.
2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or
position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or
past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get
sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected.
To get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope.
His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast. Coleridge.
NOTE: &hand; It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice,
or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor
passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed.
Earle.
NOTE: &hand; Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following
preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the
subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the
preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir,
to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to
leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to
descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative
elevation; to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper,
succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate
one's self, to escape; to get through, to traverse; also, to
finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off,
to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come
off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene.
To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. -- To get along, to proceed; to
advance; to prosper. -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass
over it in traveling. -- To get among, to go or come into the company
of; to become one of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall asleep. -- To
get astray, to wander out of the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to
make way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get
the better of; to defeat. -- To get back, to arrive at the place from
which one departed; to return. -- To get before, to arrive in front,
or more forward. -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To
get between, to arrive between. -- To get beyond, to pass or go
further than; to exceed; to surpass. "Three score and ten is the age
of man, a few get beyond it." Thackeray. -- To get clear, to disengage
one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or
burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment. -- To get
drunk, to become intoxicated. -- To get forward, to proceed; to
advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth. -- To get home, to
arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim. -- To get into. (a) To enter,
as, "she prepared to get into the coach." Dickens. (b) To pass into,
or reach; as, " as, " a language has got into the inflated state."
Keary. -- To get loose OR free, to disengage one's self; to be
released from confinement. -- To get near, to approach within a small
distance. -- To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get
over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or
difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get
through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what one was
doing. -- To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc.
(b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.
Get
Get, n. Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.
Geten
Get"en (?), obs. p. p. of Get. Chaucer.
Geth
Geth (?), the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Get-penny
Get"-pen`ny (?), n. Something which gets or gains money; a successful
affair. [Colloq.] Chapman.
Gettable
Get"ta*ble (?), a. That may be obtained. [R.]
Getter
Get"ter (?), n. One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or
procreates.
Getterup
Get"ter*up`, n. One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything,
as a book, a machine, etc. [Colloq.]
A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works. W. Irving.
Getting
Get"ting (?), n.
1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.
With all thy getting, get understanding. Prov. iv. 7.
2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.
Get-up
Get"-up (?), n. General composition or structure; manner in which the
parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc. [Colloq.]
H. Kingsley.
Gewgaw
Gew"gaw (?), n. [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the same word as
OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan to
give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and E. gaud, n. See Give, and cf.
Giffgaff.] A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but
worthless bauble.
A heavy gewgaw called a crown. Dryden.
Gewgaw
Gew"gaw, a. Showy; unreal; pretentious.
Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. Tennyson.
Geyser
Gey"ser (?), n. [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr. gj to
gush. Cf. Gush.] A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent
intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power
of steam.
NOTE: &hand; Ge ysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New
Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are
numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling
water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in
several areas called geyser basins. The mineral matter, or
geyserite, with which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones
about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 624
Geyserite
Gey"ser*ite (?), n. [From Geyser.] (Min.) A loose hydrated form of
silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike
masses, around some hot springs and geysers.
Gharry
Ghar"ry (?), n. [Hind. g\'be.] Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India]
Ghast
Ghast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten. See Ghastly, a.] To strike aghast; to
affright. [Obs.]
Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled. Shak.
Ghastful
Ghast"ful (?), a. [See Ghastly, a.] Fit to make one aghast; dismal.
[Obs.] -- Ghast"ful*ly, adv.
Ghastliness
Ghast"li*ness (?), n. The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.
Ghastly
Ghast"ly (?), a. [Compar. Ghastlier (?); superl. Ghastliest.] [OE.
gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear, fr. gasten to terrify, AS.
g\'91stan. Cf. Aghast, Gast, Gaze, Ghostly.]
1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.
Each turned his face with a ghastly pang. Coleridge.
His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized.
Macaulay.
2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.
Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. Milton.
Ghastly
Ghast"ly, adv. In a ghastly manner; hideously.
Staring full ghastly like a strangled man. Shak.
Ghastness
Ghast"ness, n. Ghastliness. [Obs.] Shak.
Ghat Ghaut
Ghat Ghaut (?), n. [Hind. gh\'bet.]
1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker.
2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).
3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India]
Malcom.
Ghawazi
Gha*wa"zi (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] Egyptian dancing girls, of
a lower sort than the almeh.
Gheber Ghebre
Ghe"ber Ghe"bre (?), n. [Pers. ghebr: cf. F. Gu\'8abre. Cf. Giaour.] A
worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.
Ghee
Ghee (?), n. [Hind. gh\'c6 clarified butter, Skr. gh.] Butter
clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. [India]
Malcom.
Gherkin
Gher"kin (?), n. [D. agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan. ag; cf.
Pol. og\'a2rek, Bohem. okurka, LGr. al-khiy\'ber, Per. khiy\'ber.]
1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Sea gherkin.
Ghess
Ghess (?), v. t. & i. See Guess. [Obs.]
Ghetto
Ghet"to (?), n. [It.] The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. Evelyn.
<-- 2. by extension, any section of a town inhabited predominantly by
members of a specific ethnic, national or racial group, such
segregation usually arising from social or economic pressure. 3.
(fig.) any isolated group of people. 4. (fig) any group isolated by
external pressures, with an implication of inferiority. Ghettoize v.
-->
Ghibelline
Ghib"el*line (?), n. [It. Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It. Hist.)
One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which
favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of
the poses. Brande & C.
Ghole
Ghole (?), n. See Ghoul.
Ghost
Ghost (?), n. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. g\'best breath,
spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and
prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.]
Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament. Spenser.
2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a
spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter.
The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. Shak.
I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost.
Coleridge.
3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a
glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea.
Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Poe.
4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces
of one or more lenses.
Ghost moth (Zo\'94l.), a large European moth (Hepialus humuli); so
called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering
flight; -- called also great swift. -- Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit;
the Paraclete; the Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the
Trinity. -- To give up OR yield up the ghost, to die; to expire.
And he gave up the ghost full softly. Chaucer.
Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people.
Gen. xlix. 33.
Ghost
Ghost, v. i. To die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
Ghost
Ghost, v. t. To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition.
[Obs.] Shak.
Ghostfish
Ghost"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pale ubspotted variety of the
wrymouth.
Ghostless
Ghost"less, a. Without life or spirit. [R.]
Ghostlike
Ghost"like` (?), a. Like a ghost; ghastly.
Ghostliness
Ghost"li*ness, n. The quality of being ghostly.
Ghostly
Ghost"ly, a. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. g\'bestlic. See Ghost.]
1. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a
ghostly confessor.
Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies. Book of Common Prayer
[Ch. of Eng. ]
One of the gostly children of St. Jerome. Jer. Taylor.
2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. Akenside.
Ghostly
Ghost"ly, adv. Spiritually; mystically. Chaucer.
Ghostology
Ghost*ol"o*gy (?), n. Ghost lore. [R.]
It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of
ghostology and witchcraft. Hawthorne.
Ghoul
Ghoul (?), n. [Per. gh an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour
men and animals: cf. Ar. gh, F. goule.] An imaginary evil being among
Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies.
[Written also ghole .] Moore.
Ghoulish
Ghoul"ish, a. Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.
Ghyll
Ghyll (?), n. A ravine. See Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Wordsworth.
Giallolino
Gial`lo*li"no (?), n. [It., from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG. gelo,
G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.] A term variously employed by early
writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead,
or massicot. Fairholt.
Giambeux
Giam"beux (?), n. pl. [See Jambeux.] Greaves; armor for the legs.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Giant
Gi"ant (?), n. [OE. giant, geant, geaunt, OF. jaiant, geant, F.
g\'82ant, L. gigas, fr. Gr. gender, genesis. See Gender, and cf.
Gigantic.]
1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.
Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise. Milton.
2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or
intellectual.
3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power.
Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county
of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.
Giant
Gi"ant, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power;
as, giant brothers; a giant son. Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax. --
Giant clam (Zo\'94l.), a bivalve shell of the genus Tridacna, esp. T.
gigas, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes
used in churches to contain holy water. -- Giant heron (Zo\'94l.), a
very large African heron (Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron
known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found
in Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole. -- Giant powder.
See Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball (Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon
giganteum), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching
wounds. -- Giant salamander (Zo\'94l.), a very large aquatic
salamander (Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the
largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. -- Giant squid
(Zo\'94l.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to
Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.
Giantess
Gi"ant*ess, n. A woman of extraordinary size.
Giantize
Gi"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. g\'82antiser.] To play the giant. [R.]
Sherwood.
Giantly
Gi"ant*ly, a. Appropriate to a giant. [Obs.] Usher.
Giantry
Gi"ant*ry (?), n. The race of giants. [R.] Cotgrave.
Giantship
Gi"ant*ship, n. The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a
compellation for a giant.
His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen. Milton.
Giaour
Giaour (?), n. [Turk. giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another form of
ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. Kaffir, Gheber .] An infidel; -- a term
applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion,
especially Christrians. Byron.
Gib
Gib (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. Gilbert, the name of the cat in the old
story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.] A male
cat; a tomcat. [Obs.]
Gib
Gib, v. i. To act like a cat. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Gib
Gib (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A piece or slip of metal or wood,
notched or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts
in place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; --
usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw. Gib and
key, OR Gib and cotter (Steam Engine), the fixed wedge or gib, and the
driving wedge,key, or cotter, used for tightening the strap which
holds the brasses at the end of a connecting rod.
Gib
Gib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbing.] To
secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs.
Gibbed lathe, an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is held down
to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight.
Gib
Gib (?), v. i. To balk. See Jib, v. i. Youatt.
Gibbartas
Gib*bar"tas (?), n. [Cf. Ar. jebb\'ber giant; or L. gibber humpbacked:
cf. F. gibbar.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several finback whales of the North
Atlantic; -- called also Jupiter whale. [Written also jubartas,
gubertas, dubertus.]
Gibber
Gib"ber (?), n. [From Gib to balk.] A balky horse. Youatt.
Gibber
Gib"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gibbering.] [Akin to jabber, and gabble.] To speak rapidly and
inarticulately. Shak.
Gibberish
Gib"ber*ish (?), n. [From Gibber, v. i.] Rapid and inarticulate talk;
unintelligible language; unmeaning words; jargon.
He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go; All kinds of gibberish he
had learnt to known. Drayton.
Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing themselves with.
Hawthorne.
Gibberish
Gib"ber*ish, a. Unmeaning; as, gibberish language.
Gibbet
Gib"bet (?), n. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL.
gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet,
and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an under waistcoat, doublet,
Prov. It. gibba (cf. Jupon); so that it perhaps originally signified a
halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps,
derived fr. L. gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf. E. jib a
sail.]
1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the
top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their
bodies allowed to remain asa warning.
2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended;
the jib.
Gibbet
Gib"bet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbeted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbeting.]
1. To hang and expose on a gibbet.
2. To expose to infamy; to blacken.
I'll gibbet up his name. Oldham.
Gibbier
Gib"bier (?), n. [F. gibier.] Wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Addison.
Gibbon
Gib"bon (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbon.] (Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal ape of the
genus Hylobates, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East
Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches,
and have very long arms, adapted for climbing. <-- common subtypes -->
NOTE: &hand; Th e wh ite-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned
(H. pilatus), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the
siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species.
Gib boom
Gib" boom` (?). See Jib boom.
Gibbose
Gib*bose" (?), a. [L. gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba, hunch, hump. Cf.
Gibbous.] Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one
or more large elevations. Brande & C.
Gibbostity
Gib*bost"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbosit\'82.] The state of being
gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness.
Gibbous
Gib"bous (?), a. [Cf. F. gibbeux. See Gibbose.]
1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as,
the moon is gibbous between the half-moon and the full moon.
The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member. Wiseman.
2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Gib"bous*ly, adv. --
Gib"bous*ness, n.
Gibbsite
Gibbs"ite (?), n. [Named after George Gibbs.] (Min.) A hydrate of
alumina.
Gib-cat
Gib"-cat` (?), n. A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst Gib. n. [Obs.]
Shak.
Gibe
Gibe (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibing.] [Cf.
Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F. jouer to play, Icel. geipa to talk
nonsense, E. jabber.] To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to
rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to
scoff.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift.
Gibe
Gibe, v. i. To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff
at; to mock.
Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I
gibe them. Swift.
Gibe
Gibe, n. An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff;
a taunt; a sneer.
Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns. Shak.
With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me. Tennyson.
Gibel
Gib"el (?), n. [G. gibel, giebel.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of carp (Cyprinus
gibelio); -- called also Prussian carp.
Giber
Gib"er (?) n. One who utters gibes. B. Jonson.
Gibfish
Gib"fish` (?), n. The male of the salmon. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
Gibingly
Gib"ing*ly (?), adv. In a gibing manner; scornfully.
Giblet
Gib"let (?), a. Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie.
Giblets
Gib"lets (?), n. pl. [OE. gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf. F. gibelotte
stewed rabbit. Cf. Gibbier.] The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart,
gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry.
Gibstaff
Gib"staff` (?), n. [Prov. E. gib a hooked stick + E. staff.]
1. A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.
2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Gid
Gid (?), n. [Cf. Giddy, a.] A disease of sheep, characterized by
vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the presence of the CC.
Giddily
Gid"di*ly (?), adv. In a giddy manner.
Giddiness
Gid"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being giddy.
Giddy
Gid"dy (?), a. [Compar. Giddier (?); superl. Giddiest.] [OE. gidi mad,
silly, AS. gidig, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. gidda to shake,
tremble.]
1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having
lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore
wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy.
By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed. Tate.
2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a giddy
precipice. Prior.
Upon the giddy footing of the hatches. Shak.
3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with
celerity; gyratory; whirling.
The giddy motion of the whirling mill. Pope.
4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild;
thoughtless; heedless. "Giddy, foolish hours." Rowe. "Giddy chance."
Dryden.
Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm. Cowper.
Giddy
Gid"dy, v. i. To reel; to whirl. Chapman.
Giddy
Gid"dy, v. t. To make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.]
Giddy-head
Gid"dy-head` (?), n. A person without thought fulness, prudence, or
judgment. [Colloq.] Burton.
Giddy-headed
Gid"dy-head`ed (?), a. Thoughtless; unsteady.
Giddy-paced
Gid"dy-paced` (?), a. Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.] Shak.
Gie
Gie (?), v. t. To guide. See Gye . [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gie
Gie (?), v. t. To give. [Scot.] Burns.
Gier-eagle
Gier"-ea`gle (?), n. [Cf. D. gier vulture, G. gier, and E. gyrfalcon.]
(Zo\'94l.) A bird referred to in the Bible (Lev. xi. 18and Deut. xiv.
17) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus).
Gier-falcon
Gier"-fal`con (?), n. [Cf. Gier-eagle, Gyrfalcon.] (Zo\'94l.) The
gyrfalcon.
Gieseckite
Gie"seck*ite (?), n. [Named after Karl Giesecke.] (Min.) A mineral
occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a greasy luster.
It is probably a pseudomorph after el\'91olite.
Gif
Gif (?), conj. [AS. See If.] If. [Obs.]
NOTE: &hand; Gi f is th e old form of if, and frequently occurs in
the earlier English writers. See If.
_________________________________________________________________
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Giffard injector
Gif"fard in*ject"or (?). (Mach.) See under Injector.
Giffgaff
Giff"gaff (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. give.] Mutial accommodation;
mutual giving. [Scot.]
Giffy
Gif"fy (?), n. [Obs.] See Jiffy.
Gift
Gift (?), n. [OE. gift, yift, yeft, AS. gift, fr. gifan to give; akin
to D. & G. gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth. gifts (in comp.). See Give,
v. t.]
1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to
another without compensation; a present; an offering.
Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can command ?
Milton.
2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is
in the gift of the President.
3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt.
Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise.
Deut. xvi. 19.
4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a pre\'89minent and
special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the gift of wit; a
gift for speaking.
5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without
any consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of
personal property, by an actual delivery of possession. Bouvier.
Burrill.
Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest
rope. Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon;
bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty. -- Gift, Present,
Donation. These words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously
imparted to another out of one's property. A gift is something given
whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the
relief or benefit of him who receives it. A present is ordinarly from
an equal or inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or
expression of kindness. Donation is a word of more dignity, denoting,
properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made
either to some public institution, or to an individual on account of
his services to the public; as, a donation to a hospital, a charitable
society, or a minister.
Gift
Gift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gifting.] To endow
with some power or faculty.
He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity. I. Taylor.
Giftedness
Gift"ed*ness, n. The state of being gifted. Echard.
Gid
Gid (?), n. [Cf. OF. gigue. See Jig, n.] A fiddle. [Obs.]
Gig
Gig (?), v. t. [Prob. fr. L. gignere to beget.] To engender. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Gig
Gig, n. A kind of spear or harpoon. See Fishgig.
Gig
Gig, v. t. To fish with a gig.
Gig
Gig, n. [OE. gigge. Cf. Giglot.] A playful or wanton girl; a giglot.
Gig
Gig, n. [Cf. Icel. g fiddle, MHG. g, G. geige, Icel. geiga to take a
wrong direction, rove at random, and E. jig.]
1. A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in play.
Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig. Shak.
2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a
kind of chaise.
3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed
to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer;
as, the captain's gig.
4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels,
for teaseling woolen cloth.
Gig machine, Gigging machine, Gig mill, OR Napping machine. See Gig,
4. -- Gig saw. See Jig saw.
Gigantean
Gi`gan*te"an (?), a. [L. giganteus, fr. gigas, antis. See Giant.] Like
a giant; mighty; gigantic. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Gigantesque
Gi`gan*tesque" (?), a. [F.] Befitting a giant; bombastic;
magniloquent.
The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque With which we bantered little
Lilia first. Tennyson.
Gigantic
Gi*gan"tic (?), a. [L. gigas, -antis, giant. See Giant.]
1. Of extraordinary size; like a giant.
2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous;
extraordinarly; as, gigantic deeds; gigantic wickedness. Milton.
When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Strom wind of the
equinox. Longfellow.
Gigantical
Gi*gan"tic*al, a. Bulky, big. [Obs.] Burton. -- Gi*gan"tic*al*ly, adv.
Giganticide
Gi*gan"ti*cide (?), n. [. gigas, -antis, giant + caedere to kill.] The
act of killing, or one who kills, a giant. Hallam.
Gigantine
Gi*gan"tine (?), a. Gigantic. [Obs.] Bullokar.
Gigantology
Gi`gan*tol"og*y (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. gigantologie.] An account
or description of giants.
Gigantomachy
Gi`gan*tom"a*chy (?), n. [L. gigantoma, fr. Gr. gigantomachie.] A war
of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against heaven.
Gide, Guide
Gide (?), Guide, n. [OF. guide, guiche.] (Anc. Armor) The leather
strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across the shoulder,
or across the neck and shoulder. Meyrick (Ancient Armor).
Gigerium
Gi*ge"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Gigeria (#). [NL., fr. L. gigeria, pl., the
cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.) The muscular stomach, or gizzard,
of birds.
Gigget
Gig"get (?), n. Same as Gigot.
Cut the slaves to giggets. Beau. & Fl.
Giggle
Gig"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Giggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giggling
(?).] [Akin to gaggle: cf. OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.] To laugh with
short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a light, affected,
or silly manner; to titter with childish levity.
Giggling and laughing with all their might At the piteous hap of
the fairy wight. J. R. Drake.
Giggle
Gig"gle (?), n. A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or
breath; a light, silly laugh.
Giggler
Gig"gler (?), n. One who giggles or titters.
Giggly
Gig"gly (?), a. Prone to giggling. Carlyle.
Giggot
Gig"got (?), n. See Gigot. [Obs.] Chapman.
Giggyng
Gig"gyng (?), n. [See Gige.] The act of fastending the gige or leather
strap to the shield. [Obs.] "Gigging of shields." Chaucer.
Giglot, Giglet
Gig"lot (?), Gig"let (?), n. [Cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person,
Dan. giek a fool, silly man, AS. gagol, g\'91gl, lascivious, wanton,
MHG. gogel wanton, giege fool, and E. gig a wanton person.] A wanton;
a lascivious or light, giddy girl. [Obs.]
The giglet is willful, and is running upon her fate. Sir W. Scott.
Giglot
Gig"lot (?), a. Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] "O giglot
fortune!" Shak.
Gigot, Giggot
Gig"ot, Gig"got (, n. [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle; -- on account of the
resemblance in shape. See Jig, n.]
1. A leg of mutton.
2. A small piece of flesh; a slice. [Obs.]
The rest in giggots cut, they spit. Chapman.
Gila monster
Gi"la mon"ster (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large tuberculated lizard (Heloderma
suspectum) native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is
the only lizard known to have venomous teeth.
Gild
Gild (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gilded or Gilt (p. pr. & vb. n.
Gilding.] [AS. gyldan, from gold gold. &root;234. See Gold.]
1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden
color; to cause to look like gold. "Gilded chariots." Pope.
No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. Pope.
2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.
Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your
day. Trumbull.
3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish;
as, to gild a lie. Shak.
4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.]
This grand liquior that hath gilded them. Shak.
Gildale
Gild"ale` (?), n. [AS. gilgan to pay + E. ale. See Yield, v. t., and
Ale.] A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share. [Obs.]
Gilden
Gild"en (?), a. Gilded. Holland.
Gilder
Gild"er (?), n. One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with
gold.
Gilder
Gil"der (?), n. A Dutch coin. See Guilder.
Guilding
Guild"ing (?), n.
1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also,
a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold.
2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface.
3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid
and genuine.
Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells
are made.
Gile
Gile (?), n. [See Guile.] Guile. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gill
Gill (?), n. [Dan. gi\'91lle, gelle; akin to Sw. g\'84l, Icel.
gj\'94lnar gills; cf. AS. geagl, geahl, jaw.]
1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia.
Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills. Ray.
NOTE: &hand; Gi lls are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages,
through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to
the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they
are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck.
In invertebrates they occupy various situations.
2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under
surface of a mushroom.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a
wattle.
4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift.
5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which
divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel
filaments. [Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.]
Gill arches, Gill bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches. -- Gill
clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. -- Gill
cover, Gill lid. See Operculum. -- Gill frame, OR Gill head (Flax
Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of
gills. Knight. -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that
its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills
when they seek to extricate themselves. -- Gill opening, OR Gill slit
(Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some
amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most
fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and
rays there are five, or more, on each side. -- Gill rakes, OR Gill
rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the
branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances
from being carried into gill cavities.
Gill
Gill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A two-wheeled frame for transporting
timber. [Prov. Eng.]
Gill
Gill, n. A leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison.
Gill
Gill, n. [Icel. gil.] A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a
stream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Gill
Gill (?), n. [OF. gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine, LL. gillo,
gello., Cf. Gallon.] A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a
pint.
Gill
Gill (?), n. [Abbrev. from Gillian.]
1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. "Each Jack
with his Gill." B. Jonson.
2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over
the ground, and other like names.
3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy.
Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof.
Gill-flirt
Gill"-flirt` (?), n. A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill. Sir W.
Scott.
Gillhouse
Gill"house`, n. A shop where gill is sold.
Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse mourn. Pope.
Gillian
Gil"li*an (?), n. [OE. Gillian, a woman's name, for Julian, Juliana.
Cf. Gill a girl.] A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Gillie Gilly
Gil"lie Gil"ly (?), n. [Gael. gille, giolla, boy, lad.] A boy or young
man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands. Sir W.
Scott.
Gillyflower
Gil"ly*flow`er (?), n. [OE. gilofre, gilofer, clove, OF. girofre,
girofle, F. girofle: cf. F. girofl\'82e gillyflower, fr. girofle, Gr.
foliage. Cf. Caryophyllus, July-flower.] (Bot.)
1. A name given by old writers to the clove pink (Dianthus
Caryophyllus) but now to the common stock (Matthiola incana), a
cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish,
but often pink or white.
2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color,
and having a large core. [Written also gilliflower.]
Clove gillflower, the clove pink. -- Marsh gillyflower, the ragged
robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi). -- Queen's, OR Winter, gillyflower,
damewort. -- Sea gillyflower, the thrift (Armeria vulgaris). -- Wall
gillyflower, the wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri). -- Water
gillyflower, the water violet.
Gilour
Gil"our (?), n. [OF.] A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.]
Gilse
Gilse (?), n. [W. gleisiad, fr. glas blue.] (Zo\'94l.) See Grilse.
Gilt
Gilt (?), n. [See Geld, v. t.] (Zo\'94l.) A female pig, when young.
Gilt
Gilt, imp. & p. p. of Gild.
Gilt
Gilt, p. p. & a. Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold;
golden yellow. "Gilt hair" Chaucer.
Gilt
Gilt, n.
1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing;
gilding. Shak.
2. Money. [Obs.] "The gilt of France." Shak.
Gilt-edge, Gilt-edged
Gilt"-edge` (?), Gilt"-edged` (?), a.
1. Having a gilt edge; as, gilt-edged paper.
2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc. [Slang, U.
S.]
Gilthead
Gilt"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A marine fish. The name is applied to
two species: (a) The Pagrus, OR Chrysophrys, auratus, a valuable food
fish common in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored
head); -- called also giltpoll. (b) The Crenilabrus melops, of the
British coasts; -- called also golden maid, conner, sea partridge.
Giltif
Gilt"if (?), a. [For gilti, by confusion with -if, -ive, in French
forms. See Guilty.] Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gilttail
Gilt"tail` (?), n. A yellow-tailed worm or larva.
Gim
Gim (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] Neat; spruce. [Prov.]
Gimbal, OR Gimbals
Gim"bal (?), OR Gim"bals (, n. [See Gimmal, n.] A contrivance for
permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for
suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer,
etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is
tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which
the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the
ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a
diameter at right angles to the first. Gimbal joint (Mach.), a
universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal. -- Gimbal ring,
a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the upper millstone
is supported on the spindle.
Gimblet
Gim"blet (?), n. & v. See Gimlet.
Gimcrack
Gim"crack` (?), n. [OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce
girl, prob. fr. gim + crack lad, boaster.] A trivial mechanism; a
device; a toy; a pretty thing. Arbuthnot.
Gimlet
Gim"let (?), n. [Also written and pronounced gimbled (] [OF.
guimbelet, guibelet, F. gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel, weme, a bore,
wemelen to bore, to wimble. See Wimble, n.] A small tool for boring
holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross handle.
Gimlet eye, a squint-eye. [Colloq.] Wright.
Gimlet
Gim"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gimleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gimleting.]
1. To pierce or make with a gimlet.
2. (Naut.) To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like
turning a gimlet.
Gimmal
Gim"mal (?), n. [Prob. the same word as gemel. See Gemel, and cf.
Gimbal.]
1. Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or series of
interlocked rings.
2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer. [Obs.]
Gommal
Gom"mal, a. Made or consisting of interlocked ringas, gimmal mail.
In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit Lies foul with chewed
grass. Shak.
Gimmal joint. See Gimbal joint, under Gimbal.
Gimmer, Gimmor
Gim"mer, Gim"mor (, n. [Cf. Gimmal, n.] A piece of mechanism;
mechanical device or contrivance; a gimcrack. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Shak.
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Gimp
Gimp (?), a. [W. gwymp fair, neat, comely.] Smart; spruce; trim; nice.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Gimp
Gimp, n. [OF. guimpe, guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe, OHG. wimpal
a veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant. See Wimple, n.] A narrow ornamental
fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or
sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; -- used as trimming for
dresses, furniture, etc.
Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.
Gimp
Gimp, v. t. To notch; to indent; to jag.
Gin
Gin (?), prep. [AS. ge\'a0n. See Again.] Against; near by; towards;
as, gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross (1778).
Gin
Gin, conj. [See Gin, prep.] If. [Scotch] Jamieson.
Gin
Gin (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gan (?), Gon (Gun (p. pr. & vb. n.
Ginning.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open,
cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob.
akin to AS. g\'c6nan to yawn, and E. yawn. Yawn, v. i., and cf.
Begin.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to;
as, gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] "He gan to pray." Chaucer.
Gin
Gin (?), n. [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d Geneva.] A strong alcoholic
liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper
berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland gin, because
originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland.
Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine.
Gin
Gin (?), n. [A contraction of engine.]
1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser.
2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of
a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass,
pulleys, ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually
vertical; a whim.
3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin.
NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is al so given to an instrument of torture
worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails.
Gin block, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which
a rope runs; -- called also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey
wheel. -- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin.
-- Gin race, OR Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin in
motion. Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing
the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin
wheel. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the
grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a
whim.
Gin
Gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ginned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.]
1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton.
Ging
Ging (?), n. Same as Gang, n., 2. [Obs.]
There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy against me. Shak.
Gingal
Gin*gal" (?), n. See Jingal.
Ginger
Gin"ger (?), n. [OE. ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF. gengibre,
gingimbre, F. gingembre, L. zingiber, zingiberi, fr. Gr. zenjeb\'c6l,
fr. Skr. , prop., hornshaped; horn + v\'89ra body.]
1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies.
The species most known is Z. officinale.
2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber officinale, which is much
used in cookery and in medicine.
Ginger beer OR ale, a mild beer impregnated with ginger. -- Ginger
cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water,
and sometimes whisky or brandy. -- Ginger pop. See Ginger beer
(above). -- Ginger wine, wine impregnated with ginger. -- Wild ginger
(Bot.), an American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two reniform leaves
and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger.
Gingerbread
Gin"ger*bread` (?), n. A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with
ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes. Gingerbread that was
full fine." Chaucer. Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so
called from the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See Doom
Palm. -- Gingerbread work, ornamentation, in architecture or
decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.
Gingerly
Gin"ger*ly, adv. [Prov. E. ginger brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw.
gingla, g\'84ngla, to go gently, totter, akin to E. gang.] Cautiously;
timidly; fastidiously; daintily.
What is't that you took up so gingerly ? Shak.
Gingerness
Gin"ger*ness, n. Cautiousness; tenderness.
Gingham
Ging"ham (?), n. [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh. fr.
Guingamp, in France.] A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in
stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; --
distinguished from printed cotton or prints.
Ginging
Ging"ing (?), n. (Mining) The lining of a mine shaft with stones or
bricks to prevent caving.
Gingival
Gin"gi*val (?), a. [L. gingiva the gum.] Of or pertaining to the gums.
Holder.
Gingle
Gin"gle (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Jingle.
Ginglyform
Gin"gly*form (?), a. (Anat.) Ginglymoid.
Ginglymodi
Gin`gly*mo"di (?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. Ginglymoid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order
of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and many allied
fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a heterocercal tail,
paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins, and a bony skeleton,
with the vertebr\'91 convex in front and concave behind, forming a
ball and socket joint. See Ganoidel.
Ginglymoid, Ginglymoidal
Gin"gly*moid (?), Gin`gly*moid"al (?), a. [Gr. ginglymoide,
ginglymo\'8bdal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus,
or hinge joint; ginglyform.
Ginglymus
Gin"gly*mus (?), n.; pl. Ginglymi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A hinge
joint; an articulation, admitting of flexion and extension, or motion
in two directions only, as the elbow and the ankle.
Ginhouse
Gin"house` (?), n. A building where cotton is ginned.
Ginkgo
Gink"go (?), n.; pl. Ginkgoes (#). [Chin., silver fruit.] (Bot.) A
large ornamental tree (Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan, belonging
to the Yew suborder of Conifer\'91. Its leaves are so like those of
some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the maidenhair tree.
Ginnee
Gin"nee (?), n.; pl. Ginn (. See Jinnee.
Ginnet
Gin"net (?), n. See Genet, a horse.
Ginning
Gin"ning (?), n. [See Gin, v. i.] Beginning. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ginny-carriage
Gin"ny-car`riage (, n. A small, strong carriage for conveying
materials on a railroad. [Eng.]
Ginseng
Gin"seng (?), n. [Chinese.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Aralia, the
root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The
Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng) has become so rare that the American
(A. quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an
article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a
yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat
resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic
bitterness.
Ginshop
Gin"shop` (?), n. A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage.
[Colloq.]
Gip
Gip (?), v. t. To take out the entrails of (herrings).
Gip
Gip, n. A servant. See Gyp. Sir W. Scott.
Gipoun
Gi*poun" (?), n. [See Jupon.] A short cassock. [Written also gepoun,
gypoun, jupon, juppon.] [Obs.]
Gipser, Gipsire
Gip"ser (?), Gip"sire (?), n. [F. gibeci\'8are a game pouch or game
pocket. Cf. Gibbier.] A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle. Ld.
Lytton.
A gipser all of silk, Hung at his girdle, white as morn\'82 milk.
Chaucer.
Gipsy
Gip"sy (?), n. a.. See Gypsy.
Gipsyism
Gip"sy*ism (?), n. See Gypsyism.
Giraffe
Gi*raffe" (?), n. [F. girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar. zur\'befa,
zar\'befa.] (Zo\'94l.) An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa)
related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself;
the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty
feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and
its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs.
Girandole
Gir"an*dole (?), n. [F. See Gyrate.]
1. An ornamental branched candlestick.
2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form.
3. (Pyrotechny) A kind of revolving firework.
4. (Fort.) A series of chambers in defensive mines. Farrow.
Girasole Girasol
Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol (?), n. [It. girasole, or F. girasol, fr. L.
gyrare to turn around + sol sun.]
1. (Bot.) See Heliotrope. [Obs.]
2. (Min.) A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white,
or sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color.
Gird
Gird (?), n. [See Yard a measure.]
1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang.
Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds and twinges which
the atheist feels. Tillotson.
2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer.
I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio. Shak.
Gird
Gird, v. t. [See Gird, n., and cf. Girde, v.]
1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.]
To slay him and to girden off his head. Chaucer.
2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.
Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods. Shak.
Gird
Gird, v. i. To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter
severe sarcasms.
Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me. Shak.
Gird
Gird (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girt (?) or Girded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Girding.] [OE. girden, gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS. gurdian, D.
gorden, OHG. gurten, G. g\'81rten, Icel. gyr, Sw. gjorda, Dan. giorde,
Goth. biga\'a1rdan to begird, and prob. to E. yard an inclosure. Cf.
Girth, n. & v., Girt, v. t.]
1. To encircle or bind with any flexible band.
2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage,
etc.
3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass.
That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton. Milton.
4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest.
I girded thee about with fine linen. Ezek. xvi. 10.
The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence. Milton.
5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's self for a
contest.
Thou hast girded me with strength. Ps. xviii. 39.
To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a
girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword.
Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that
putteth it off. 1 Kings xx. 11.
-- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and
strengthen, as with a girdle.
He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab. 1 Kings xviii. 46.
Gird up the loins of your mind. 1 Pet. i. 13.
-- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in
allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments
into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence,
adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A
severer, more girt-up way of living." J. C. Shairp.
Girder
Gird"er (?), n. [From Gird to sneer at.] One who girds; a satirist.
Girder
Gird"er, n. [From Gird to encircle.]
1. One who, or that which, girds.
2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an
opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a
framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically
called a compound girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and Doubleframed
floor, under Double.
Bowstring girder, Box girder, etc. See under Bowstring, Box, etc. --
Girder bridge. See under Bridge. -- Lattice girder, a girder
consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars. --
Half-lattice girder, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower
bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in
opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a
series of triangles. Knight. -- Sandwich girder, a girder consisting
of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the
whole clamped together by iron bolts.
Girding
Gird"ing, n. That with which one is girded; a girdle.
Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth. Is. iii. 24.
Girdle
Gir"dle (?), n. A griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Girdle
Gir"dle, n. [OE. gurdel, girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr. gyrdan; akin to D.
gordel, G. g\'81rtel, Icel. gyr. See Gird, v. t., to encircle, and cf.
Girth, n.]
1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt;
esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually at
the waist; a cestus.
Within the girdle of these walls. Shak.
Their breasts girded with golden girdles. Rev. xv. 6.
2. The zodiac; also, the equator. [Poetic] Bacon.
From the world's girdle to the frozen pole. Cowper.
That gems the starry girdle of the year. Campbell.
3. (Jewelry) The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut
diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting. See Illust. of
Brilliant. Knight.
4. (Mining) A thin bed or stratum of stone. Raymond.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The clitellus of an earthworm.
Girdle bone (Anat.), the sphenethmoid. See under Sphenethmoid. --
Girdle wheel, a spinning wheel. -- Sea girdle (Zo\'94l.), a
ctenophore. See Venus's girdle, under Venus. -- Shoulder, Pectoral,
AND Pelvic, girdle. (Anat.) See under Pectoral, and Pelvic. -- To have
under the girdle, to have bound to one, that is, in subjection.
Girdle
Gir"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girdled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Girdling
(?).]
1. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird. Shak.
2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in.
Those sleeping stones, That as a waist doth girdle you about. Shak.
3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the
bark and alburnum, thus killing it. [U. S.]
Girdler
Gir"dler (?), n.
1. One who girdles.
2. A maker of girdles.
3. (Zo\'94l.) An American longicorn beetle (Oncideres cingulatus)
which lays its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each
branch by gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide
suitable food for the larv\'91.
Girdlestead
Gir"dle*stead (?), n. [Girdle + stead place.]
1. That part of the body where the girdle is worn. [Obs.]
Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead. Chapman.
2. The lap. [R.]
There fell a flower into her girdlestead. Swinburne.
Gire
Gire (?), n. [Obs.] See Gyre.
Girkin
Gir"kin (?), n. [Obs.] See Gherkin.
Girl
Girl (?), n. [OE. girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG.
g\'94r child.]
1. A young person of either sex; a child. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden.
3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U. S.]
4. (Zo\'94l.) A roebuck two years old. [Prov. Eng.]
Girlhood
Girl"hood (?), n. State or time of being a girl.
Girlish
Girl"ish, a. Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to
girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, girlish ways; girlish
grief. -- Girl"ish*ly, adv. -- Girl"ish*ness, n.
Girlond
Gir"lond (?), n. [See Garland, n.] A garland; a prize. [Obs.] Chapman.
Girn
Girn (?), v. i. [See Grin, n.] To grin. [Obs.]
Girondist
Gi*ron"dist (?), n. [F. Girondiste.] A member of the moderate
republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in 1791.
The Girondists were so called because their leaders were deputies from
the department of La Gironde.
Girondist
Gi*ron"dist, a. Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also
Girondin.]
Girrock
Gir"rock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. chicarou.] (Zo\'94l.) A garfish.
Johnson.
Girt
Girt (?), imp. & p. p. of Gird.
Girt
Girt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girted; p. pr. & vb. n. Girting.] [From
Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.] To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a
girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree.
We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt thee with
the sword. Shak.
Girt
Girt, a. (Naut.) Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by
two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the
current or tide.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 627
Girt
Girt (?), n. Same as Girth.
Girth
Girth (?), n. [Icel. gj\'94r girdle, or ger girth; akin to Goth.
ga\'a1rda girdle. See Gird to girt, and cf. Girdle, n.]
1. A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which
a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.
2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the
circumference of anything.
He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards
in the girth. Addison.
3. A small horizontal brace or girder.
Girth
Girth, v. t. [From Girth, n., cf. Girt, v. t.] To bind as with a
girth. [R.] Johnson.
Girtline
Girt"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A gantline. Hammock girtline, a line rigged
for hanging out hammocks to dry.
Gisarm
Gis*arm" (?), n. [OF. gisarme, guisarme.] (Medi\'91val Armor) A weapon
with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp point, mounted
on a long staff and carried by foot soldiers.
Gise
Gise (?), v. t. [See Agist.] To feed or pasture. [Obs.]
Gise
Gise (?), n. Guise; manner. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gisle
Gis"le (?), n. [AS. g\'c6sel; akin to G. geisel, Icel. g\'c6sl.] A
pledge. [Obs.] Bp. Gibson.
Gismondine, Gismondite
Gis*mon"dine (?), Gis*mon"dite (?), n. [From the name of the
discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.) A native hydrated silicate of alumina,
lime, and potash, first noticed near Rome.
Gist
Gist (?), n. [OF. giste abode, lodgings, F. g\'8cte, fr. g\'82sir to
lie, L. jac, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. jacre to throw.
In the second sense fr. OF. gist, F. g\'8ct, 3d pers. sing. ind. of
g\'82sir to lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l\'85 que g\'8ct le
li\'8avre, it is there that the hare lies, i. e., that is the point,
the difficulty. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Agist, Joist, n.,
Gest a stage in traveling.]
1. A resting place. [Obs.]
These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary resting and
baiting places. Holland.
2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action
rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a question.
Git
Git (?), n. (Founding) See Geat.
Gite
Gite (?), n. A gown. [Obs.]
She came often in a gite of red. Chaucer.
Gith
Gith (?), n. [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. gith corn cockle.] (Bot.)
The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the Nigella, or fennel
flower.
Gittern
Git"tern (?), n. [OE. giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately from same
source as E. guitar. See Guitar, and cf. Cittern.] An instrument like
a guitar. "Harps, lutes, and giternes." Chaucer.
Gittern
Git"tern, v. i. To play on gittern. Milton.
Gittith
Git"tith (?), n. [Heb.] A musical instrument, of unknown character,
supposed by some to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence
obtained by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii.,
lxxxi., and lxxxiv. Dr. W. Smith.
Guist
Guist (?), n. [Obs.] Same as Joust. Spenser.
Giusto
Gius"to (?), a. [It., fr. L. justus. See Just, a.] (Mus.) In just,
correct, or suitable time.
Give
Give (?), v. t. [imp. Gave (?); p. p. Given (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Giving.] [OE. given, yiven, yeven, AS. gifan, giefan; akin to D.
geven, OS. g, OHG. geban, Icel. gefa, Sw. gifva, Dan. give, Goth.
giban. Cf. Gift, n.]
1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without
compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or
permission; to yield up or allow.
For generous lords had rather give than pay. Young.
2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange
for something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy.
What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ? Matt. xvi. 26.
3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel give
sparks.
4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce;
to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout,
etc.
5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to
commission.
It is given me once again to behold my friend. Rowe.
Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine. Pope.
6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the
number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to
each ship.
7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's
self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense
used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given
to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study.
8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a known quantity or a known
relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in
the passive form given.
9. To allow or admit by way of supposition.
I give not heaven for lost. Mlton.
10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.
I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a lover. Sheridan.
11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense;
to give pleasure or pain.
12. To pledge; as, to give one's word.
13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to
understand, to know, etc.
But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were
seen together Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica. Shak.
To give away, to make over to another; to transfer.
Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is given
away from ourselves. Atterbury.
-- To give back, to return; to restore. Atterbury. -- To give the bag,
to cheat. [Obs.]
I fear our ears have given us the bag. J. Webster.
-- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring forth, as a child. (b) To
originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea. -- To give
chase, to pursue. -- To give ear to. See under Ear. -- To give forth,
to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward. -- To give ground. See
under Ground, n. -- To give the hand, to pledge friendship or faith.
-- To give the hand of, to espouse; to bestow in marriage. -- To give
the head. See under Head, n. -- To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct.
(b) To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, to give in
one's adhesion to a party. -- To give the lie to (a person), to tell
(him) that he lies. -- To give line. See under Line. -- To give off,
to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc. -- To give one's self away, to
make an inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional
disclosure of one's purposes, or the like. [Colloq.] -- To give out.
(a) To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare.
One that gives out himself Prince Florizel. Shak.
Give out you are of Epidamnum. Shak.
(b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance gives out
steam or odors. -- To give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit; to
abandon. (b) To despair of. (c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's
self).
The Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice.
Grew. --
To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's claim. -- To give points.
(a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain
advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give useful suggestions.
[Colloq.] -- To give rein. See under Rein, n. -- To give the sack .
Same as To give the bag. -- To give and take. (a) To average gains and
losses. (b) To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc. -- To give
time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor. Abbott. --
To give the time of day, to salute one with the compliment appropriate
to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc. -- To give
tongue, in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs. -- To give up.
(a) To abandon; to surrender. "Don't give up the ship."
He has . . . given up For certain drops of salt, your city Rome.
Shak.
(b) To make public; to reveal.
I'll not state them By giving up their characters. Beau. & Fl.
(c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up the ghost. See under Ghost.
-- To give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender
one's self. -- To give way. (a) To withdraw; to give place. (b) To
yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave way. (c) (Naut.)
To begin to row; or to row with increased energy. (d) (Stock
Exchange). To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities
gave way two per cent. -- To give way together, to row in time; to
keep stroke. Syn. -- To Give, Confer, Grant. To give is the generic
word, embracing all the rest. To confer was originally used of persons
in power, who gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the
order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of
something which might have been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To
grant is to give in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is
in some way dependent or inferior.
Give
Give (?), v. i.
1. To give a gift or gifts.
2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as,
the earth gives under the feet.
3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] Bacon .
4. To move; to recede.
Now back he gives, then rushes on amain. Daniel.
5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.]
Whose eyes do never give But through lust and laughter. Shak.
6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.]
My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market women. J. Webster.
7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism]
This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk. Tennyson.
To give back, to recede; to retire; to retreat.
They gave back and came no farther. Bunyan.
-- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten;
to cease opposition.
The Scots battalion was enforced to give in. Hayward.
This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those
general phrases. Pope.
-- To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] Locke. -- To give on OR
upon. (a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.] (b) To have a view of; to be
in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to
face. [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.]
Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch. Tennyson.
The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave. Dickens.
-- To give out. (a) To expend all one's strength. Hence: (b) To cease
from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give
out; the flour has given out. -- To give over, to cease; to
discontinue; to desist.
It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over,
and to desist from any further pursuits after fame. Addison.
-- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he
would never give up.
Given
Giv"en (?), p. p. & a. from Give, v.
1. (Math. & Logic) Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth
as a known quantity, relation, or premise.
2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously given.
Shak.
3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given time.
Given name, the Christian name, or name given by one's parents or
guardians, as distinguished from the surname, which is inherited.
[Colloq.]
Giver
Giv"er (?), n. One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who
imparts or distributes.
It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the
Christian. Kollock.
Gives
Gives (?), n. pl. [See Give, n.] Fetters.
Giving
Giv"ing (?), n.
1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.
2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope.
3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. "Upon the first giving
of the weather." Addison.
Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse. -- Giving out, anything
uttered or asserted; an outgiving.
His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant
design. Shak.
Gizzard
Giz"zard (?), n. [F. g\'82sier, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails
of poultry. Cf. Gigerium.]
1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which
the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular
stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate
animals. (b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth,
as in certain insects and mollusks.
Gizzard shad (Zo\'94l.), an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum)
resembling the shad, but of little value. -- To fret the gizzard, to
harass; to vex one's self; to worry. [Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in
one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. [Low]
Glabella
Gla*bel"la (?), n.; pl. Glabell (#). [NL., fr. L. glabellus hairless,
fr. glaber bald.] (Anat.) The space between the eyebrows, also
including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the mesophryon.
-- Gla*bel"lar (#), a.
Glabellum
Gla*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. Glabella (#). [NL. See Glabella.] (Zo\'94l.)
The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See Trilobite.
Glabrate
Gla"brate (?), a. [L. glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.] (Bot.) Becoming
smooth or glabrous from age. Gray.
Glabreate, Glabriate
Gla"bre*ate (?), Gla"bri*ate (?), v. t. [See Glabrate.] To make
smooth, plain, or bare. [Obs.]
Glabrity
Glab"ri*ty (?), n. [L. glabritas.] Smoothness; baldness. [R.]
Glabrous
Gla"brous (?), a. [L. glaber; cf. Gr. Smooth; having a surface without
hairs or any unevenness.
Glacial
Gla"cial (?), a. [L. glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F. glacial.]
1. Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy;
esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, glacial phenomena. Lyell.
2. (Chem.) Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of
ice; -- said of certain solid compounds; as, glacial phosphoric or
acetic acids.
Glacial acid (Chem.), an acid of such strength or purity as to
crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic
or carbolic acid. -- Glacial drift (Geol.), earth and rocks which have
been transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift.
-- Glacial epoch OR period (Geol.), a period during which the climate
of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered large
portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops. -- Glacial
theory OR hypothesis. (Geol.) See Glacier theory, under Glacier.
Glacialist
Gla"cial*ist, n. One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in
geology, to glaciers.
Glaciate
Gla"ci*ate (?), v. i. [L. glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to freeze, fr.
glacies ice.] To turn to ice.
Glaciate
Gla"ci*ate, v. t.
1. To convert into, or cover with, ice.
2. (Geol.) To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of
rocks, transportation of loose material, etc.
Glaciated rocks, rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or
striated, by the action of ice.
Glaciation
Gla`ci*a"tion (?), n.
1. Act of freezing.
2. That which is formed by freezing; ice.
3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the
production of glacial phenomena.
Glacier
Gla"cier (?), n. [F. glacier, fr. glace ice, L. glacies.] An immense
field or stream of ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and
moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over
an extended area, as in Greenland.
NOTE: &hand; The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a
glacier is called the firn, or n\'82v\'82; the glacier proper
consist of solid ice, deeply crevassed where broken up by
irregularities in the slope or direction of its path. A glacier
usually carries with it accumulations of stones and dirt called
moraines, which are designated, according to their position, as
lateral, medial, or terminal (see Moraine). The common rate of flow
of the Alpine glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in
summer, and about half that in winter.
Glacier theory (Geol.), the theory that large parts of the frigid and
temperate zones were covered with ice during the glacial, or ice,
period, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose materials on
the earth's surface, called drift or diluvium, were transported and
accumulated.
Glacious
Gla"cious (?), a. Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice;
icy. Sir T. Browne.
Glacis
Gla"cis (?), n. [F. glacis; -- so named from its smoothness. See
Glacier.] A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially
(Fort.), that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way
toward the exterior ground or country (see Illust. of Ravelin).
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Glad
Glad (?), a. [Compar. Gladder (?); superl. Gladdest (?).] [AS. gl\'91d
bright, glad; akin to D. glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG. glat smooth,
shining, Icel. gla glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. glad glad, Lith. glodas
smooth, and prob. to L. glaber, and E. glide. Cf. Glabrous.]
1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to sorry,
sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by of,
at, that, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing the
cause or reason.
A wise son maketh a glad father. Prov. x. 1.
He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. Prov. xvii.
5.
The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood. Dryden.
He, glad of her attention gained. Milton.
As we are now glad to behold your eyes. Shak.
Glad am I that your highness is so armed. Shak.
Glad on 't, glad of it. [Colloq.] Shak.
2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy;
producing gladness; exhilarating.
Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser money is. Sir P.
Sidney.
Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day. Milton.
Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy;
cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating.
-- Glad, Delighted, Gratified. Delighted expresses a much higher
degree of pleasure than glad. Gratified always refers to a pleasure
conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the
consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad
or delighted to see a friend, and gratified at the attention shown by
his visits.
Glad
Glad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gladding.] [AS.
gladian. See Glad, a., and cf. Gladden, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer;
to gladden; to exhilarate. Chaucer.
That which gladded all the warrior train. Dryden.
Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man. Pope.
Glad
Glad, v. i. To be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] Massinger.
Gladden
Glad"den (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladdened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gladdening (?).] [See Glad, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to please;
to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate.
A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him. Addison.
Gladden
Glad"den, v. i. To be or become glad; to rejoice.
The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight. Wordsworth.
Gladder
Glad"der (?), n. One who makes glad. Chaucer.
Glade
Glade (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also
W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear,
bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]
1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a
forest.
There interspersed in lawns and opening glades. Pope.
2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.]
3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen;
also, smooth ice. [Local, U. S.]
Bottom glade. See under Bottom. -- Glade net, in England, a net used
for catching woodcock and other birds in forest glades.
Gladen
Gla"den (?), n. [AS. gl\'91dene, cf. L. gladius a sword. Cf.
Gladiole.] (Bot.) Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves,
esp. the European Iris f\'d2tidissima. [Written also gladwyn, gladdon,
and glader.]
Gladeye
Glad"eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer.
Gladful
Glad"ful (?), a. Full of gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] --
Glad"ful*ness, n. [R.] Spenser.
It followed him with gladful glee. Spenser.
Gladiate
Glad"i*ate (?), a. [L. gladius sword.] (Bot.) Sword-shaped; resembling
a sword in form, as the leaf of the iris, or of the gladiolus.
Gladiator
Glad"i*a`tor (?), n. [L., fr. gladius sword. See Glaive.]
1. Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in
public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the arena,
for public amusement.
2. One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy.
Gladiatorial, Gladiatorian
Glad`i*a*to"ri*al (?), Glad`i*a*to"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to
gladiators, or to contests or combatants in general.
Gladiatorism
Glad"i*a`tor*ism (?), n. The art or practice of a gladiator.
Gladiatorship
Glad"i*a`tor*ship, n. Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator.
Gladiatory
Glad"i*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. gladiatorius.] Gladiatorial. [R.]
Gladiature
Glad"i*a*ture (?), n. [L. gladiatura.] Swordplay; fencing;
gladiatorial contest. Gayton.
Gladiole
Glad"i*ole (?), n. [L. gladiolus a small sword, the sword lily, dim.
of gladius sword. See Glaive.] (Bot.) A lilylike plant, of the genus
Gladiolus; -- called also corn flag.
Gladiolus
Gla*di"o*lus (?), n.; pl. L. Gladioli (#), E. Gladioluses (#). [L. See
Gladiole.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves,
and including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued
for the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.
2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the
mesosternum.
Gladius
Gla"di*us (?), n.; pl. Gladii (#). [L., a sword.] (Zo\'94l.) The
internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids.
Gladly
Glad"ly (?), adv. [From Glad, a.]
1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly.
The common people heard him gladly. Mark xii. 37.
Gladness
Glad"ness (?), n. [AS. gl\'91dnes.] State or quality of being glad;
pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness.
They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of
heart. Acts ii. 46.
NOTE: &hand; Gl adness is ra rely or ne ver eq uivalent to mirth,
merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than
delight. It sometimes expresses great joy.
The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. Esther viii.
17.
Gladship
Glad"ship, n. [AS. gl\'91dscipe.] A state of gladness. [Obs.] Gower.
Gladsome
Glad"some (?), a.
1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful.
2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of
gayety; pleasing.
Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day. Prior.
-- Glad"some*ly, adv. -- Glad"some*ness, n.
Hours of perfect gladsomeness. Wordsworth.
Gladstone
Glad"stone (?), n. [Named after Wm. E. Gladstone.] A four-wheeled
pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for
driver and footman.
Gladwyn
Glad"wyn (?), n. (Bot.) See Gladen.
Glair
Glair (?), n. [F. glaire, glaire d'clarus clear, bright. See Clear,
a.]
1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding,
for pastry, etc.
2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg.
3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd.
Glair
Glair, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glairing.] To
smear with the white of an egg.
Glaire
Glaire (?), n. See Glair.
Glaireous
Glair"e*ous (?), a. Glairy; covered with glair.
Glairin
Glair"in (?), n. A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the
surface of certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their
inclosures; -- called also baregin.
Glairy
Glair"y (?), a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered
with glair; viscous and transparent; slimy. Wiseman.
Glaive
Glaive (?), n. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore. Cf.
Gladiator.]
1. A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the
end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light
lance with a long sharp-pointed head. Wilhelm.
2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.
The glaive which he did wield. Spenser.
Glama
Gla"ma (?), n. [NL.;cf. Gr. gramiae, Gr. (Med.) A copious gummy
secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in consequence of some
disorder; blearedness; lippitude.
Glamour
Gla"mour (?), n. [Scot. glamour, glamer; cf. Icel. gl\'a0meggdr one
who is troubled with the glaucoma (?); or Icel. gl\'bem-s weakness of
sight, glamour; gl\'bemr name of the moon, also of a ghost + s sight
akin to E. see. Perh., however, a corruption of E. gramarye.]
1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from
what they really are.
2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell. Tennyson.
3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from
what they really are.
The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that seemed to lie over
the broad valley. W. Black.
4. Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object, through
which it appears delusively magnified or glorified.
Glamour gift, Glamour might, the gift or power of producing a glamour.
The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar
to women.
It had much of glamour might To make a lady seem a knight. Sir W.
Scott.
Glamourie
Glam"ou*rie (?), n. Glamour. [Scot.]
Glance
Glance (?), n. [Akin to D. glans luster, brightness, G. glanz, Sw.
glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf. Gleen, Glint, Glitter, and
Glance a mineral.]
1. A sudden flash of light or splendor.
Swift as the lightning glance. Milton.
2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift survey;
a glimpse.
Dart not scornful glances from those eyes. Shak.
3. An incidental or passing thought or allusion.
How fleet is a glance of the mind. Cowper.
4. (Min.) A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which
have a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called
copper glance.
Glance coal, anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon. --
Glance cobalt, cobaltite, or gray cobalt. -- Glance copper, c --
Glance wood, a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for gauging
instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. McElrath.
Glance
Glance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glancing
(?).]
1. To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.
From art, from nature, from the schools, Let random influences
glance, Like light in many a shivered lance, That breaks about the
dappled pools. Tennyson.
2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. "Your
arrow hath glanced". Shak.
On me the curse aslope Glanced on the ground. Milton.
3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary
or hasty view.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven
to earth, from earth to heaven. Shak.
4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; --
often with at.
Wherein obscurely C\'91sar\'b6s ambition shall be glanced at. Shak.
He glanced at a certain reverend doctor. Swift.
5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible
only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle.
And all along the forum and up the sacred seat, His vulture eye
pursued the trip of those small glancing feet. Macaulay.
Glance
Glance (?), v. t.
1. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; as,
to glance the eye.
2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly. [Obs.]
In company I often glanced it. Shak.
Glancing
Glan"cing (?), a.
1. Shooting, as light.
When through the gancing lightnings fly. Rowe.
2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a glancing
shot.
Glancingly
Glan"cing*ly, adv. In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally;
indirectly. Hakewill.
Gland
Gland (?), n. [F. glande, L. glans, glandis, acorn; akin to Gr.
Parable, n.]
1. (Anat.) (a) An organ for secreting something to be used in, or
eliminated from, the body; as, the sebaceous glands of the skin; the
salivary glands of the mouth. (b) An organ or part which resembles a
secreting, or true, gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and
pituitary glands, the functions of which are very imperfectly known.
NOTE: &hand; Th e tr ue se creting glands are, in principle, narrow
pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a
continuation of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of
which produce the secretion from the blood. In the larger glands,
the pouches are tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the
sweat glands, or subdivided and branched, making compound and
racemose glands, such as the pancreas.
2. (Bot.) (a) A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular,
which often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic
product. (b) Any very small prominence.
3. (Steam Mach.) The movable part of a stuffing box by which the
packing is compressed; -- sometimes called a follower. See Illust. of
Stuffing box, under Stuffing.
4. (Mach.) The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch.
Glandage
Glan"dage (?), n. [Cf. OF. glandage. See Gland.] A feeding on nuts or
mast. [Obs.] Crabb.
Glandered
Glan"dered (?), a. Affected with glanders; as, a glandered horse. Yu
Glanderous
Glan"der*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of
glanders. Youatt.
Glanders
Glan"ders (?), n. [From Gland.] (Far.) A highly contagious and very
destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc., characterized by a
constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement
and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It may
transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings.
Glandiferous
Glan*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandifer; glans, glandis, acorn + ferre
to bear; cf. F. glandif\'8are.] Bearing acorns or other nuts; as,
glandiferous trees.
Glandiform
Gland"i*form (?), a. [L. glans, glandis, acorn + -form: cf. F.
glandiforme .] Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.
Glandular
Glan"du*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. glandulaire. See Glandule.] Containing or
supporting glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands.
Glandulation
Glan`du*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. glandulation.] (Bot.) The situation
and structure of the secretory vessels in plants. Martyn.
Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are either
glandules, follicles, or utricles. J. Lee.
Glandule
Glan"dule (?), n. [L. glandula, dim. of glans, glandis, acorn: cf. F.
glandule. See Gland.] A small gland or secreting vessel.
Glanduliferous
Glan`du*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandula gland + -ferous; cf. F.
glandulif\'8are.] Bearing glandules.
Glandulose
Glan"du*lose` (?), a. Same as Glandulous.
Glandulosity
Glan`du*los"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being glandulous; a collection of
glands. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Glandulous
Glan"du*lous (?), a. [L. glandulosus: cf. F. glanduleux.] Containing
glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands.
Glans
Glans (?) n.; pl. Glandes (#). [L. See Gland.]
1. (Anat.) The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and
the extremity of the clitoris.
2. (Bot.) The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits. Gray.
3. (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A pessary. [Obs.]
Glare
Glare (gl&acir;r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glaring.] [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. gl\'91r amber, LG. glaren to
glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E.
glass.]
1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light.
The cavern glares with new-admitted light. Dryden.
2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or
fiercely.
And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon. Byron.
3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously
splendid or gay.
She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring. Pope.
Glare
Glare, v. t. To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.
Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire. Milton.
Glare
Glare, n.
1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a
confusing and bewildering light.
The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare. Dryden.
2. A fierce, piercing look or stare.
About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery glare. Milton.
3. A viscous, transparent substance. See Glair.
4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U. S. ]
Glare
Glare, a. [See Glary, and Glare, n.] Smooth and bright or translucent;
-- used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U.
S.]<-- used generally of reflections of the sun -->
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Glareous
Glar"e*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. glaireux. See Glair.] Glairy. John Georgy
(1766).
Glariness, Glaringness
Glar"i*ness (?), Glar"ing*ness, n. A dazzling luster or brilliancy.
Glaring
Glar"ing, a. Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring
crime. -- Glar"ing*ly, adv.
Glary
Glar"y (?), a. Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.
Bright, crystal glass is glary. Boyle.
Glass
Glass (?), n. [OE. glas, gles, AS. gl\'91s; akin to D., G., Dan., &
Sw. glas, Icel. glas, gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS. gl\'91r amber, L.
glaesum. Cf. Glare, n., Glaze, v. t.]
1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance,
white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing
together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is
used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary
use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament.
NOTE: &hand; Gl ass is va riously co lored by the metallic oxides;
thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or
(cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary
yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque
white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow.
2. (Chem.) Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a
conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion.
3. Anything made of glass. Especially: (a) A looking-glass; a mirror.
(b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an
hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of
its sand.
She would not live The running of one glass. Shak.
(c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of
such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a glass at
dinner. (d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural,
spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears glasses. (e) A
weatherglass; a barometer.
NOTE: &hand; Gl ass is much used adjectively or in combination; as,
glass maker, or glassmaker; glass making or glassmaking; glass
blower or glassblower, etc.
Bohemian glass, Cut glass, etc. See under Bohemian, Cut, etc. -- Crown
glass, a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window
glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and
lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens
is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given
it in the process of blowing. -- Crystal glass, OR Flint glass. See
Flint glass, in the Vocabulary. -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass made by
blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split
longitudinally, opened out, and flattened. -- Glass of antimony, a
vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide. -- Glass blower, one
whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass. -- Glass blowing, the
art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by
inflating it through a tube. -- Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of
glass fibers. -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a hackney-coach,
hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so
called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows.
[Eng.] Smart.
Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary
hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in
America, hired carriages that do not go on stands. J. F. Cooper.
-- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for
window panes, ets. (b) One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding
and polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for
cutting glass. -- Glass cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing
glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond. (b) The act or
process of shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving
wheels, upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are
applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth
ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut
upon it, is said to be engraved. -- Glass metal, the fused material
for making glass. -- Glass painting, the art or process of producing
decorative effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and
combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other
metal. In common parlance, glass painting and glass staining (see
Glass staining, below) are used indifferently for all colored
decorative work in windows, and the like. -- Glass paper, paper faced
with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes. -- Glass silk,
fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on rapidly rotating
heated cylinders. -- Glass silvering, the process of transforming
plate glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a
deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam. -- Glass soap, OR
Glassmaker's soap, the black oxide of manganese or other substances
used by glass makers to take away color from the materials for glass.
-- Glass staining, the art or practice of coloring glass in its whole
substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial film
only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. Glass painting. -- Glass
tears. See Rupert's drop. -- Glass works, an establishment where glass
is made. -- Heavy glass, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially
of a borosilicate of potash. -- Millefiore glass. See Millefiore. --
Plate glass, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened
by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows. -- Pressed
glass, glass articles formed in molds by pressure when hot. -- Soluble
glass (Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium, found in commerce as
a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as a viscous,
sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics incombustible, for
hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called also water glass. -- Spun
glass, glass drawn into a thread while liquid. -- Toughened glass,
Tempered glass, glass finely tempered or annealed, by a peculiar
method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil, melted wax,
or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of the inventor of
the process, Bastie glass. -- Water glass. (Chem.) See Soluble glass,
above. -- Window glass, glass in panes suitable for windows.
Glass
Glass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glassing.]
1. To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively.
Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror. Motley.
Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in tempests. Byron.
2. To case in glass. [R.] Shak.
3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. Boyle.
4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass
burnisher.
Glass-crab
Glass"-crab` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larval state (Phyllosoma) of the
genus Palinurus and allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange
outlines, thinness, and transparency. See Phyllosoma.
Glassen
Glass"en (?), a. Glassy; glazed. [Obs.]
And pursues the dice with glassen eyes. B. Jonson.
Glasseye
Glass"eye` (?), n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike.
2. (Far.) A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright
and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis. Youatt.
Glass-faced
Glass"-faced` (?), a. Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of
another. [R.] "The glass-faced flatterer." Shak.
Glassful
Glass"ful (?), n.; pl. Glassfuls (. The contents of a glass; as much
of anything as a glass will hold.
Glassful
Glass"ful, a. Glassy; shining like glass. [Obs.] "Minerva's glassful
shield." Marston.
Glass-gazing
Glass"-gaz`ing (?), a. Given to viewing one's self in a glass or
mirror; finical. [Poetic] Shak.
Glasshouse
Glass"house` (?), n. A house where glass is made; a commercial house
that deals in glassware.
Glassily
Glass"i*ly (?), adv. So as to resemble glass.
Glassiness
Glass"i*ness, n. The quality of being glassy.
Glassite
Glass"ite (?), n. A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th
century by John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of
Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple
assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the
understanding." The English and American adherents of this faith are
called Sandemanians, after Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law and
disciple of Glass.
Glass maker, OR Glassmaker
Glass" mak`er (?), OR Glass"mak`er, n. One who makes, or manufactures,
glass. -- Glass" mak`ing, OR Glass"mak`ing, n.
Glass-rope
Glass"-rope` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the
genus Hyalonema, first brought from Japan. It has a long stem,
consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers,
twisted together.
Glass-snail
Glass"-snail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, transparent, land snail, of
the genus Vitrina.
Glass-snake
Glass"-snake` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A long, footless lizard (Ophiosaurus
ventralis), of the Southern United States; -- so called from its
fragility, the tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the
length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar species
found in the Old World.
Glass-sponge
Glass"-sponge` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A siliceous sponge, of the genus
Hyalonema, and allied genera; -- so called from their glassy fibers or
spicules; -- called also vitreous sponge. See Glass-rope, and
Euplectella.
Glassware
Glass"ware (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.
Glasswork
Glass"work` (?), n. Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation
made of glass.
Glasswort
Glass"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A seashore plant of the Spinach family
(Salicornia herbacea), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly
plant of the same family (Salsola Kali), both formerly burned for the
sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap.
Glassy
Glass"y (?), a.
1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance. Bacon.
2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness,
or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy
deep.
3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes. "In
his glassy eye." Byron.
Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety of orthoclase; sanidine.
Glasstonbury thorn
Glass"ton*bur*y thorn` (?). (Bot.) A variety of the common hawthorn.
Loudon.
Glasynge
Glas"ynge (?), n. Glazing or glass. [Obs.]
Glauberite
Glau"ber*ite (?), n. [From Glauber, a German chemist, died 1668: cf.
F. glaub\'82rite, G. glauberit.] (Min.) A mineral, consisting of the
sulphates of soda and lime.
Glauber's salt OR Glauber's salts
Glau"ber's salt` (?) OR Glau"ber's salts` (. [G. glaubersalz, from
Glauber, a German chemist who discovered it. See Glauberite.] Sulphate
of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white crystalline substance,
with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly called "salts."
NOTE: &hand; It oc curs na turally an d abundantly in some mineral
springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral mirabilite. It
is manufactured in large quantities as an intermediate step in the
"soda process," and also for use in glass making.
Glaucescent
Glau*ces"cent (?), a. [See Glaucous.] Having a somewhat glaucous
appearance or nature; becoming glaucous.
Glaucic
Glau"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned
poppy; -- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be
fumaric acid.
Glaucine
Glau"cine (?), a. Glaucous or glaucescent.
Glaucine
Glau"cine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the plant
Glaucium, as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.
Glaucodot
Glau"co*dot (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A metallic mineral having a grayish
tin-white color, and containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and
arsenic.
Glaucoma
Glau*co"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) Dimness or abolition of sight,
with a diminution of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the
refracting media of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the
eyeball, with marked increase of tension within the eyeball.
Glaucomatous
Glau*co"ma*tous (?), a. Having the nature of glaucoma.
Glaucometer
Glau*com"e*ter (?), n. See Gleucometer.
Glauconite
Glau"co*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. glauconite, glauconie, fr. L. glaucus.
See Glaucous.] (Min.) The green mineral characteristic of the
greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate
of iron and potash. See Greensand.
Glaucophane
Glau"co*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A mineral of a dark bluish color,
related to amphibole. It is characteristic of certain crystalline
rocks.
Glaucosis
Glau*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Same as Glaucoma.
Glaucous
Glau"cous (?), a. [L. glaucus, Gr.
1. Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue.
Lindley.
2. (Bot.) Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed
off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf. Gray.
Glaucus
Glau"cus (?), n. [L., sea green.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nudibranchiate
mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming in the open sea.
These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue and silvery white.
Glaum
Glaum (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To grope with the hands, as in
the dark. [Scot.] To glaum at, to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to.
Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three. Burns.
Glave
Glave (?), n. See Glaive.
Glaver
Glav"er (?), v. i. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glafr flattery.]
1. To prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.]
Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern diversely. Wyclif.
2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Obs.]
Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite. South.
Glaverer
Glav"er*er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.
Glaymore
Glay"more` (?), n. A claymore. Johnson.
Glase
Glase (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glazing.]
[OE. glasen, glazen, fr. glas. See Glass.]
1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with glass.
Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with
crystalline glass. Bacon.
2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of,
or resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render
smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the
like.
Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears. Shak.
3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to
(another color), to modify the effect.
Glaze
Glaze, v. i. To become glazed of glassy.
Glaze
Glaze, n.
1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a
coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure.
2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and
spread thinly over braised dishes.
3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven.
Glazen
Glaz"en (?), a. [AS. gl\'91sen.] Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed.
[Obs.] Wyclif.
Glazer
Glaz"er (?), n.
1. One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who
gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or
smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.
2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.;
amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or
having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc.
Glazier
Gla"zier (?), n. [From Glaze.] One whose business is to set glass.
Glazier's diamond. See under Diamond.
Glazing
Glaz"ing (?), n.
1. The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a
vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering glossy.
2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc.
3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface is
incrusted or overlaid; as, the glazing of pottery or porcelain, or of
paper.
4. (Paint.) Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over
other colors, to modify the effect.
Glazy
Glaz"y (?), a. Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured
surface of some kinds of pin iron.
Glead
Glead (?), n. A live coal. See Gleed. [Archaic]
Gleam
Gleam (?), v. i. [Cf. OE. glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E.
englaimed.] (Falconry) To disgorge filth, as a hawk.
Gleam
Gleam, n. [OE. glem, gleam, AS. gl\'91m, prob. akin to E. glimmer, and
perh. to Gr. Glitter.]
1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a
glimpse.
Transient unexpected gleams of joi. Addison.
At last a gleam Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste His
[Satan's] traveled steps. Milton.
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light. Longfellow.
2. Brightness; splendor.
In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen. Pope.
Gleam
Gleam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaming.]
1. To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light gleams
in the east.
2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter. Syn. -- To Gleam, Glimmer,
Glitter. To gleam denotes a faint but distinct emission of light. To
glimmer describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To
glitter imports a brightness that is intense, but varying. The morning
light gleams upon the earth; a distant taper glimmers through the
mist; a dewdrop glitters in the sun. See Flash.
Gleam
Gleam, v. t. To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.).
Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights. Shak.
Gleamy
Gleam"y, a. Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing;
coruscating.
In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray, Swift through the town the
warrior bends his way. Pope.
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Glean
Glean (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaning.]
[OE. glenen, OF. glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr. LL. glenare; cf. W.
glan clean, glanh to clean, purify, or AS. gelm, gilm, a hand
1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary
parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the
gathering.
To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps.
Shak.
2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left.
3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain.
Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments. Locke.
Glean
Glean, v. i.
1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.
And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers.
Ruth ii. 3.
2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees.
Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on, and gather up
the whole estate. Pope.
Glean
Glean, n. A collection made by gleaning.
The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs. Dryden.
Glean
Glean, n. Cleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] Holland.
Gleaner
Glean"er (?), n.
1. One who gathers after reapers.
2. One who gathers slowly with labor. Locke.
Gleaning
Glean"ing, n. The act of gathering after reapers; that which is
collected by gleaning.
Glenings of natural knowledge. Cook.
Glebe
Glebe (?), n. [F. gl\'8abe, L. gleba, glaeba, clod, land, soil.]
1. A lump; a clod.
2. Turf; soil; ground; sod.
Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine. Milton.
3. (Eccl. Law) The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish
church or ecclesiastical benefice.
Glebeless
Glebe"less, a. Having no glebe.
Glebosity
Gle*bos"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being glebous. [R.]
Glebous, Gleby
Gleb"ous (?), Gleb"y (?), a. [Cf. L. glaebosus cloddy.] Pertaining to
the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful. "Gleby land." Prior.
Glede
Glede (?), n. [AS. glida, akin to Icel. gle,, Sw. glada. Cf. Glide, v.
i.] (Zo\'94l.) The common European kite (Milvus ictinus). This name is
also sometimes applied to the buzzard. [Written also glead, gled,
gleed, glade, and glide.]
Glede
Glede, n. [See Gleed.] A live coal. [Archaic]
The cruel ire, red as any glede. Chaucer.
Glee
Glee (?), n. [OE. gle, gleo, AS. gle\'a2w, gle\'a2, akin to Icel. gl:
cf. Gr.
1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a
feast. Spenser.
3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It
is not necessarily gleesome.
Gleed
Gleed (?), n. [AS. gl, fr. gl to glow as a fire; akin to D. gloed, G.
glut, Icel. gl. See Glow, v. i.] A live or glowing coal; a glede.
[Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow.
Gleeful
Glee"ful (?), a. Merry; gay; joyous. Shak.
Gleek
Gleek (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. leika to play, play a trick on, with
the prefix ge-; akin to AS. gel\'becan, Sw. leka to play, Dan. lege.]
1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception. [Obs.]
Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks ? Shak.
2. [Cf. Glicke] An enticing look or glance. [Obs.]
A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye. Beau. & Fl.
Gleek
Gleek, v. i. To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly.
[Obs.] Shak.
Gleek
Gleek, n. [OF. glic, G. gl\'81ck, fortune. See Luck.]
1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons. [Obs.]
Pepys. Evelyn.
2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence, three of
anything. [Obs.]
Gleeman
Glee"man (?), n.; pl. Gleemen (#). [Glee + man; AS. gle\'a2man.] A
name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.
Gleen
Gleen (?), v. i. [Cf. Glance, Glint.] To glisten; to gleam. [Obs.]
Prior.
Gleesome
Glee"some (?), a. Merry; joyous; gleeful.
Gleet
Gleet (?), n. [OE. glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus, filth, OF. glete.]
(Med.) A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the
urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea. Hoblyn.
Gleet
Gleet, v. i.
1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet. Wiseman.
2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheyne.
Gleety
Gleet"y (?), a. Ichorous; thin; limpid. Wiseman.
Gleg
Gleg (?), a. [Icel. gl\'94ggr.] Quick of perception; alert; sharp.
[Scot.] Jamieson.
Gleire, Gleyre
Gleire (?), Gleyre, n. See Glair. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Glen
Glen (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glyn a deep valley, Ir. & Gael.
gleann valley, glen.] A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a
depression between hills.
And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen. Spenser.
Glenlivat, Glenlivet
Glen*liv"at (?), Glen*liv"et (?), n. A kind of Scotch whisky, named
from the district in which it was first made. W. E. Aytoun.
Glenoid
Gle"noid (?), a. [Gr. gl\'82no\'8bde.] (Anat.) Having the form of a
smooth and shallow depression; sockas, the glenoid cavity, or fossa,
of the scapula, in which the head of the humerus articulates.
Glenoidal
Gle*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Glenoid.
Glent
Glent (?), n. & v. See Glint.
Gleucometer
Gleu*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. gleucom\'8atre.] An
instrument for measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the
quantity of sugar contained in must.
Glew
Glew (?), n. See Glue. [Obs.]
Gley
Gley (?), v. i. [OE. gli, glien, gleien, to shine, to squint; cf.
Icel. glj\'be to glitter.] To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook
things. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Gley
Gley (?), adv. Asquint; askance; obliquely.
Gliadin
Gli"a*din (?), n. [Gr. gliadine.] (Chem.) Vegetable glue or gelatin;
glutin. It is one of the constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough,
amorphous substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin.
Glib
Glib (?), a. [Compar. Glibber (?); superl. Glibbest (?).] [Prob. fr.
D. glibberen, glippen, to slide, glibberig, glipperig, glib,
slippery.]
1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is glib. [Obs.]
2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent;
voluble; as, a glib tongue; a glib speech.
I want that glib and oily art, To speak and purpose not. Shak.
Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.
Glib
Glib, v. t. To make glib. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Glib
Glib, n. [Ir. & Gael. glib a lock of hair.] A thick lock of hair,
hanging over the eyes. [Obs.]
The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long glibs, which
is a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and
monstrously disguising them. Spenser.
Their wild costume of the glib and mantle. Southey.
Glib
Glib, v. t. [Cf. O. & Prov. E. lib to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. live,
LG. & OD. lubben.] To castrate; to geld; to emasculate. [Obs.] Shak.
Gilbbery
Gilb"ber*y (?), a.
1. Slippery; changeable. [Obs.]
My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't. Marston.
2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble. [Obs.]
Thy lubrical and glibbery muse. B. Jonson.
Glibly
Glib"ly, adv. In a glib manner; as, to speak glibly.
Glibness
Glib"ness, n. The quality of being glib.
Glicke
Glicke (?), n. [Cf. Gleek, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic wise, cunning,
crafty.] An ogling look. [Obs.]
Glidden
Glid"den (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.
Glidder, Gliddery
Glid"der (?), Glid"der*y (?), a. [Cf. Glide.] Giving no sure footing;
smooth; slippery. [Prov. Eng.]
Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones. R. D. Blackmore.
Glide
Glide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The glede or kite.
Glide
Glide, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glided; p. pr. & vb. n. Gliding.] [AS.
gl\'c6dan; akin to D. glijden, OHG. gl\'c6tan, G. gleiten, Sw. glida,
Dan. glide, and prob. to E. glad.]
1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise, violence,
or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a smooth,
silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air, a skater
over ice.
The river glideth at his own sweet will. Wordsworth.
2. (Phon.) To pass with a glide, as the voice.
Glide
Glide, n.
1. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or
obstruction.
They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts, With rapid glide,
along the leaning line. Thomson.
Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself, And with indented glides did
slip away. Shak.
2. (Phon.) A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the
changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another,
and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from
the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to
consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component
to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish
(or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a class of
diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some
consonants (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 18, 97, 191).
NOTE: &hand; Th e on-glide of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade
in passing to it, the off-glide, one made in passing from it.
Glides of the other sort are distinguished as initial or final, or
fore-glides and after-glides. For voice-glide, see Guide to
Pronunciation, §§ 17, 95.
Gliden
Glid"en (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.
Glider
Glid"er (?), n. One who, or that which, glides.
Glidingly
Glid"ing*ly, adv. In a gliding manner.
Gliff
Gliff (?), n. [Cf. OE. gliffen, gliften, to look with fear at.]
1. A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles
one; a sudden fear. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.
2. A moment: as, for a gliff. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Glike
Glike (?), n. [See Gleek a jest.] A sneer; a flout. [Obs.]
Glim
Glim (?), n.
1. Brightness; splendor. [Obs.]
2. A light or candle. [Slang] Dickens.
Douse the glim, put out the light. [Slang]
Glimmer
Glim"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimmered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glimmering.] [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica,
glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan.
glimre, D. glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray, and cf. Glimpse.] To
give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a
faint, unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering lamp.
The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day. Shak.
Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam, Flash.
Glimmer
Glim"mer, n.
1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a
gleam.
Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls. Tennyson.
2. Mica. See Mica. Woodsward.
Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.
Glimmering
Glim"mer*ing, n.
1. Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer. South.
2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling.
Glimpse
Glimpse (?), n. [For glimse, from the root of glimmer.]
1. A sudden flash; transient luster.
LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran. Milton.
2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a
quick sight.
Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen. S. Rogers.
3. A faint idea; an inkling.
Glimpse
Glimpse (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimpsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glimpsing.] to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses. Drayton.
Glimpse
Glimpse, v. t. To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a
short or hurried view of.
Some glimpsing and no perfect sight. Chaucer.
Glint
Glint (?), n. [OE. glent.] A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [Scot.] "He
saw a glint of light." Ramsay.
Glint
Glint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glinting.] [OE.
glenten. Cf. Glance, v. i., Glitter, v. i.] To glance; to peep forth,
as a flower from the bud; to glitter. Burns.
Glint
Glint, v. t. To glance; to turn; as, to glint the eye.
Glioma
Gli*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A tumor springing from
the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain, spinal cord, or other
portions of the nervous system.
Glires
Gli"res (?), n. pl. [L., dormice.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of mammals; the
Rodentia. -- Gli"rine (#), a.
Glissade
Glis`sade" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] A sliding, as down a
snow slope in the Alps. Tyndall.
Glissando
Glis*san"do (?), n. & a. [As if It. = Fr. glissant sliding.] (Mus.) A
gliding effect; gliding.
Glissette
Glis*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.) The locus
described by any point attached to a curve that slips continuously on
another fixed curve, the movable curve having no rotation at any
instant.
Glist
Glist (?), n. [From Glisten.] Glimmer; mica.
Glisten
Glis"ten (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glistening (?).] [OE. glistnian, akin to glisnen, glisien, AS.
glisian, glisnian, akin to E. glitter. See Glitter, v. i., and cf.
Glister, v. i.] To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild,
subdued, and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to
gleam; as, the glistening stars. Syn. -- See Flash.
Glister
Glis"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glistering.] [OE. glistren; akin to G. glistern,glinstern, D.
glinsteren, and E. glisten. See Glisten.] To be bright; to sparkle; to
be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter.
All that glisters is not gold. Shak.
Glister
Glis"ter, n. Glitter; luster.
Glister
Glis"ter, n. [Cf. OF. glistere.] Same as Clyster.
Glisteringly
Glis"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glistering manner.
Glitter
Glit"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glittering.] [OE. gliteren; akin to Sw. glittra, Icel. glitra, glita,
AS. glitenian, OS. gl\'c6tan, OHG. gl\'c6zzan, G. gleissen, Goth.
glitmunjan, and also to E. glint, glisten, and prob. glance, gleam.]
1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light
or showy luster; to gleam; as, a glittering sword.
The field yet glitters with the pomp of war. Dryden.
2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; as, the
glittering scenes of a court. Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine;
to sparkle; to glare. See Gleam, Flash.
Glitter
Glit"ter, n. A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster;
brilliancy; as, the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage.
Milton.
Glitterand
Glit"ter*and (?), a. Glittering. [Obs.] Spenser.
Glitteringly
Glit"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glittering manner.
Gloam
Gloam (?), v. i. [See Gloom, Glum.]
1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.
2.
To be sullen or morose. [Obs.]
Gloam
Gloam, n. The twilight; gloaming. [R.] Keats.
Gloaming
Gloam"ing, n. [See Gloom.]
1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng.,
and in poetry.] Hogg.
2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] J. Still.
Gloar
Gloar (?), v. i. [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. Glower.] To
squint; to stare. [Obs.]
Gloat
Gloat (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gloating.]
[Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G. glotzen to gloat.] To
look steadfastly; to gaz
In vengeance gloating on another's pain. Byron.
Globard
Glo"bard (?), n. [OE. globerde, from glow.] A glowworm. [>Obs.]
Holland.
Globate, Globated
Glo"bate (?), Glo"ba*ted (?), a. [L. globatus, p. p. of globare to
make into a ball, fr. globus ball.] Having the form of a globe;
spherical.
Globe
Globe (?), n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and
E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.]
1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is
in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere.
2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the
globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp.
3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the
definite article. Locke.
4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth
or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also
artificial globe.
5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a
military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern
infantry square.
Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed. Milton.
Globe amaranth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gomphrena (G. globosa),
bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain
color when gathered. -- Globe animalcule, a small, globular,
locomotive organism (Volvox globator), once throught to be an animal,
afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg\'91. -- Globe of
compression (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called
also overcharged mine. -- Globe daisy (Bot.), a plant or flower of the
genus Globularing, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form
globular heads. -- Globe sight, a form of front sight placed on target
rifles. -- Globe slater (Zo\'94l.), an isopod crustacean of the genus
Spheroma. -- Globe thistle (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the
flowers in large globular heads (Cynara Scolymus); also, certain
species of the related genus Echinops. -- Globe valve. (a) A ball
valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. Knight.
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Page 631
Syn. -- Globe, Sphere, Orb, Ball. -- Globe denotes a round, and
usually a solid body; sphere is the term applied in astronomy to such
a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old astronomers;
orb is used, especially in poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for
the pathway of a heavenly body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies
concieved of as impelled through space.
Globe
Globe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Globed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Globing.]
To gather or form into a globe.
Globefish
Globe"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A plectognath fish of the genera
Diodon, Tetrodon, and allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water
or air and distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called
also porcupine fish, and sea hedgehog. See Diodon.
Globeflower
Globe"flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Trollius (T.
Europ\'91us), found in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing
handsome globe-shaped flowers. (b) The American plant Trollius laxus.
Japan globeflower. See Corchorus.
Globe-shaped
Globe"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a globe.
Globiferous
Glo*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Globe + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a round or
globular tip.
Globigerina
Glo*big`e*ri"na (?), n.; pl. Globigerin&ae; (#). [NL., fr. L. globus a
round body + gerere to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small
Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near the surface of the sea.
Their dead shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large part of the
soft mud, generally found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called
globigerina ooze. See Illust. of Foraminifera.
Globose
Glo*bose" (?), a. [L. globosus.] Having a rounded form resembling that
of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical. Milton.
Globosely
Glo*bose"ly, adv. In a globular manner; globularly.
Globosity
Glo*bos"i*ty (?), n. [L. globositas: cf. F. globosit\'82.] Sphericity.
Ray.
Globous
Glo"bous (?), a. [See Globose.] Spherical. Milton.
Globular
Glob"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. globulaire.] Globe-shaped; having the form
of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; as, globular atoms.
Milton. Globular chart, a chart of the earth's surface constructed on
the principles of the globular projection. -- Globular projection (Map
Projection), a perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere
upon a plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of
sight being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the
opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere into
the sine of 45°. -- Globular sailing, sailing on the arc of a great
circle, or so as to make the shortest distance between two places;
circular sailing.
Globularity
Glob`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The state of being globular; globosity;
sphericity.
Globularly
Glob"u*lar*ly (?), adv. Spherically.
Globularness
Glob"u*lar*ness, n. Sphericity; globosity.
Globule
Glob"ule (?), n. [L. globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf. F. globule.]
1. A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form.
Globules of snow. Sir I. Newton.
These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the
skull. Paley.
2. (Biol.) A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph,
and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc.
3. A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists.
Globulet
Glob"u*let (?), n. A little globule. Crabb.
Globuliferous
Glob`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Globule + -ferous.] Bearing globules; in
geology, used of rocks, and denoting a variety of concretionary
structure, where the concretions are isolated globules and evenly
distributed through the texture of the rock.
Globulimeter
Glob`u*lim"e*ter (?), n. [Globule + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument
for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood.
NOTE: &hand; The method depends on the differences of tint obtained
by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution.
Globulin
Glob"u*lin (?), n. [From Globule: cf. F. globuline.] (Phisiol. Chem.)
An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute
solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united
with h\'91matin to form h\'91moglobin. It is also found in the
crystalline lens of the eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes
called crystallin. In the plural the word is applied to a group of
proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all
insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions.
Globulite
Glob"u*lite (?), n. [See Globule.] (Min.) A rudimentary form of
crystallite, spherical in shape.
Globulous
Glob"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. globuleux.] Globular; spherical;
orbicular. -- Glob"u*lous*ness, n.
Globy
Glob"y (?), a. Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round;
orbicular. "The globy sea." Milton.
Glochidiate
Glo*chid"i*ate (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having barbs; as, glochidiate
bristles. Gray.
Glochidium
Glo*chid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Glochidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a parasite upon
the parent's gills.
Glode
Glode (?), obs. imp. of Glide. Chaucer.
Glombe, Glome
Glombe (?), Glome (?), v. i. To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or
sullen. [Obs.] Surrey.
Glome
Glome (?), n. Gloom. [Obs.]
Glome
Glome (?), n. [L. glomus a ball. Cf. Globe.] (Anat.) One of the two
prominences at the posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's
foot.
Glomerate
Glom"er*ate (?), a. [L. glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare to glomerate,
from glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered together in a roundish mass or
dense cluster; conglomerate.
Glomerate
Glom"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Glomerated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Glomerating (?).] To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a
spherical form or mass, as threads.
Glomeration
Glom`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. glomeratio.]
1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the
state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration.
2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball. Bacon.
Glomerous
Glom"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d Glome.]
Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. [Obs.] Blount.
Glomerule
Glom"er*ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. L. glomus ball.]
1. (Bot.) A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation
of a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood.
2. (Anat.) A glomerulus.
Glomerulus
Glo*mer"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Glomeruli (#). [NL., dim. of L. glomus. See
3d Glome.] (Anat.) The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in a
Malpighian capsule of the kidney.
Glomuliferous
Glom`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomus a ball + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having
small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences. M. C.
Cooke.
Glonoin Glonoine
Glon"o*in Glon"o*ine (?), n. [Glycerin + oxygen + nitrogen + -in,
-ine.]
1. Same as Nitroglycerin; -- called also oil of glonoin. [Obs.]
2. (Med.) A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.
Gloom
Gloom (gl&oomac;m), n. [AS. gl&omac;m twilight, from the root of E.
glow. See Glow, and cf. Glum, Gloam.]
1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the gloom of
a forest, or of midnight.
2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.
Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks. Tennyson .
3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low
spirits; dullness.
A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits. Burke.
4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven. Syn. -- Darkness;
dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression; melancholy;
dejection; sadness. See Darkness.
Gloom
Gloom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glooming.]
1. To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.
2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to
come to the evening twilight.
The black gibbet glooms beside the way. Goldsmith.
[This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom. Spenser.
Gloom
Gloom, v. t.
1. To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.
A bow window . . . gloomed with limes. Walpole.
A black yew gloomed the stagnant air. Tennyson.
2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen.
Such a mood as that which lately gloomed Your fancy. Tennison.
What sorrows gloomed that parting day. Goldsmith.
Gloomily
Gloom"i*ly (?), adv. In a gloomy manner.
Gloominess
Gloom"i*ness, n. State of being gloomy. Addison.
Glooming
Gloom"ing, n. [Cf. Gloaming.] Twilight (of morning or evening); the
gloaming.
When the faint glooming in the sky First lightened into day.
Trench.
The balmy glooming, crescent-lit. Tennyson.
Gloomth
Gloomth (?), n. Gloom. [R.] Walpole.
Gloomy
Gloom"y (?), a. [Compar. Gloomier (?); superl. Gloomiest.]
1. Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness;
dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy. "Though hid in
gloomiest shade." Milton.
2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a
gloomy temper or countenance. Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal;
cloudy; moody; sullen; morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed;
dejected; disheartened.
Gloppen
Glop"pen (?), v. t. & i. [OE. glopnen to be frightened, frighten: cf.
Icel. gl to look downcast.] To surprise or astonish; to be startled or
astonished. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Glore
Glore (?), v. i. [See Gloar.] To glare; to glower. [Obs.] Halliwell.
Gloria
Glo"ri*a (?), n. [L., glory.] (Eccl.) (a) A doxology (beginning Gloria
Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the Psalms
in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches. (b) A portion
of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on high), and
also of the communion service in some churches. In the Episcopal
Church the version in English is used. (c) The musical setting of a
gloria.
Gloriation
Glo`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L. gloriatio, from gloriari to glory, boast,
fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.] Boast; a triumphing. [Obs.] Bp.
Richardson.
Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind. Hobbes.
Gloried
Glo"ried (?), a. [See Glory.] Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.]
Milton.
Glorification
Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. glorificatio: cf. F. glorification. See
Glorify.]
1. The act of glorifyng or of giving glory to. Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of Christ after
his resurrection.
Glorify
Glo"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glorified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glorifying.] [F. glorifier, L. glorificare; gloria glory + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See -fy.]
1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and
distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial
glory.
Jesus was not yet glorified. John vii. 39.
2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory
to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify
in worship; to adore.
That we for thee may glorify the Lord. Shak.
Gloriole
Glo"ri*ole (?), n. [L. gloriola a small glory, dim. of gloria glory.]
An aureole. [R.] Msr. Browning.
Gloriosa
Glo`ri*o"sa (?), n. [Nl., fr. L. gloriosus. See Glorious.] (Bot.) A
genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms, natives of
India.
Glorioser
Glo`ri*o"ser (?), n. [From L. gloriosus boastful.] A boaster. [Obs.]
Greene.
Glorioso
Glo`ri*o"so (?), n. [It.] A boaster. [Obs.] Fuller.
Glorious
Glo"ri*ous (?), a. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L.
gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or
receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious;
inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds.
These are thy glorious works, Parent of good ! Milton.
2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious;
vainglorious. [Obs.]
Most miserable Is the desire that's glorious. Shak.
3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink. [Colloq.]
kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O'er all the ills of life
victorious. Burns.
During his office treason was no crime, The sons of Belial had a
glorious time. Dryden.
Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated;
magnificent; grand; splendid. -- Glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Glo"ri*ous*ness, n. Udall.
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously. Ex. xv. 21.
I speak it not gloriously, nor out of affectation. B. Jonson.
Glory
Glo"ry (?), n. [OE. glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F. gloire, fr. L.
gloria; prob. akin to Gr. glory, praise, to hear. See Loud.]
1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common
consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame; renown.
Glory to God in the highest. Luke ii. 14.
Spread his glory through all countries wide. Spenser.
2. That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or
honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or boast;
the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor.
Think it no glory to swell in tyranny. Sir P. Sidney.
Jewels lose their glory if neglected. Shak.
Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown. Young.
3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.
In glory of thy fortunes. Chapman.
4. The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine
nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven.
Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to
glory. Ps. lxxiii. 24.
5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar
sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like,
proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line.
NOTE: &hand; This is the general term; when confined to the head it
is properly called nimbus; when encircling the whole body, aureola
or aureole.
Glory hole, an opening in the wall of a glass furnace, exposing the
brilliant white light of the interior. Knight. -- Glory pea (Bot.),
the name of two leguminous plants (Clianthus Dampieri and C. puniceus)
of Australia and New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson
flowers. -- Glory tree (Bot.), a name given to several species of the
verbenaceous genus Clerodendron, showy flowering shrubs of tropical
regions.
Glory
Glo"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorying.]
[OE. glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L. gloriari, fr. gloria glory. See
Glory, n.]
1. To exult with joy; to rejoice.
Glory ye in his holy name. Ps. cv.
2. To boast; to be proud.
God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus
Christ. Gal. vi. 14
No one . . . should glory in his prosperity. Richardson.
Glose
Glose (?), n. & v. See Gloze. Chaucer.
Gloser
Glos"er (?), n. See Glosser.
Gloss
Gloss (?), n. [Cf. Icel. glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG. glosen to
glow, G. glosten to glimmer; perh. akin to E. glass.]
1. Bbrightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface;
polish; as, the gloss of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a gloss.
It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer
gloss than the naked truth doth afford. Hooker.
2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or show.
To me more dear, congenial to my heart, One native charm than all
the gloss of art. Goldsmith.
Gloss
Gloss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glossing.] To
give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining; as,
to gloss cloth.
The glossed and gleamy wave. J. R. Drake.
Gloss
Gloss, n. [OE. glose, F. glose, L. glossa a difficult word needing
explanation, fr. Gr. Gloze, Glossary, Glottis.]
1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring
explanation. [Obs.]
2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or
marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary.
All this, without a gloss or comment, He would unriddle in a
moment. Hudibras.
Explaining the text in short glosses. T. Baker.
3. A false or specious explanation. Dryden.
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Gloss
Gloss (?), v. t.
1. To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain;
to annotate.
2. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible;
to palliate by specious explanation.
You have the art to gloss the foulest cause. Philips.
Gloss
Gloss (?), v. i.
1. To make comments; to comment; to explain. Dryden.
2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations. Prior.
Glossa
Glos"sa (?), n.; pl. Gloss (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The tongue,
or lingua, of an insect. See Hymenoptera.
Glossal
Glos"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual.
Glossanthrax
Glos*san"thrax (?), n. [Gr. anthrax: cf. F. glossanthrax.] A disease
of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the
tongue.
Glossarial
Glos*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary;
containing a glossary.
Glossarially
Glos*sa"ri*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a glossary.
Glossarist
Glos"sa*rist (?), n. A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a
commentator; a scholiast. Tyrwhitt.
Glossary
Glos"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Gossaries (#). [L. glossarium, fr. glossa: cf.
F. glossaire. See 3d Gloss.] A collection of glosses or explanations
of words and passages of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a
work, an author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic,
technical, or other uncommon words.
Glossata
Glos*sa"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Glossa.] (Zo\'94l.) The Lepidoptera.
Glossator
Glos*sa"tor (?), n. [LL. See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses or
comments; a commentator. [R.] "The . . . glossators of Aristotle."
Milman.
Glosser
Gloss"er (?), n. [See lst Gloss.] A polisher; one who gives a luster.
Glosser
Gloss"er, n. [See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a
commentator. L. Addison.
Glossic
Glos"sic (?), n. [L. glossa a word requiring a gloss. See 3d Gloss.] A
system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of English
letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound only.
Ingglish Glosik konvaiA. J. Ellis.
Glossily
Gloss"i*ly (?), adv. In a glossy manner.
Glossiness
Gloss"i*ness, n. [From Glossy.] The condition or quality of being
glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface. Boyle.
Glossist
Gloss"ist, n. A writer of comments. [Obs.] Milton.
Glossitis
Glos*si"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
tongue.
Glossly
Gloss"ly (?), adv. Like gloss; specious. Cowley.
Glossocomon
Glos*soc"o*mon (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. A kind of hoisting winch.
Glossoepiglottic
Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. [Gr. epiglottic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to
both tongue and epiglottis; as, glossoepiglottic folds.
Glossographer
Glos"sog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. Gloss.] A writer of a glossary; a
commentator; a scholiast. Hayward.
Glossographical
Glos`so*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossography.
Glossography
Glos"sog"ra*phy (?), n. [See Glossographer.] The writing of
glossaries, glosses, or comments for illustrating an author.
Glossohyal
Glos`so*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to both the hyoidean
arch and the tongue; -- applied to the anterior segment of the
hyoidean arch in many fishes. -- n. The glossohyal bone or cartilage;
lingual bone; entoglossal bone.
Glossolalia, Glossolaly
Glos`so*la"li*a (?), Glos*sol"a*ly (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. glossolalie.]
The gift of tongues. Farrar.
Glossological
Glos`so*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossology.
Glassologist
Glas*sol"o*gist (?), n. One who defines and explains terms; one who is
versed in glossology.
Glossology
Glos*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. glossologie. See 3d Gloss.]
1. The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary.
2. The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics;
glottology.
Glossopharyngeal
Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Gr. pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to
both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth
pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and
tongue. -- n. One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.
Glossy
Gloss"y (?), a. [Compar. Glossier (?); superl. Glossiest.] [See Gloss
luster.]
1. Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly
polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a glossy surface.
2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as, glossy deceit.
Glost oven
Glost" ov`en (?). An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also
called glaze kiln, or glaze.
Glottal
Glot"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis;
glottic. Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the breath or voice by
a sudden opening or closing of the glotts. Sweet.
Glottic, Glottidean
Glot"tic (?), Glot*tid"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the glottis;
glottal.
Glottis
Glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Gloss an explanatory remark.] (Anat.)
The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See
Larynx.
Glottological
Glot`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glottology.
Glottologist
Glot*tol"o*gist (?), n. A linguist; a philologist.
Glottology
Glot*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of tongues or
languages; comparative philology; glossology.
Glout
Glout (?), v. i. [Scot. Cf. Gloat.] To pout; to look sullen. [Obs.]
Garth.
Glout
Glout (?), v. t. To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.]
Wright.
Glove
Glove (?), n. [OE. glove, glofe, AS. gl; akin to Icel. gl, cf. Goth. l
palm of the hand, Icel. l.]
1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate
sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic distinguishes the
glove from the mitten.
2. A boxing glove.
Boxing glove. See under Boxing. -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest
in wich the fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove money OR silver. (a)
A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with. (b)
(Eng. Law.) A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by
the sheriff of a country to the clerk of assize and judge's officers,
when there are no offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge
(Zo\'94l.), a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (Spongia
officinalis). -- To be hand and glove with, to be intimately
associated or on good terms with. "Hand and glove with traitors." J.
H. Newman. -- To handle without gloves,<-- with the gloves off, to
take the gloves off --> to treat without reserve or tenderness; to
deal roughly with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a
challenge or adopt a quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to challenge
to combat.
Glove
Glove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gloved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gloving.] To
cover with, or as with, a glove.
Glover
Glov"er (?), n. One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves. Glover's
suture OR stitch, a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which
the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward.
Glow
Glow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowing.]
[AS. gl; akin to D. gloeijen, OHG. gluoen, G. gl\'81hen, Icel. gl,
Dan. gloende glowing. Gloom.]
1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light
and heat; to be incandenscent.
Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees. Pope.
2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with
heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc.
Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays. Dryden.
And glow with shame of your proceedings. Shak.
3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from
friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.
Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds and acrching
heats? Addison.
The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands. Gay.
4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love,
zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with love,
zeal, or patriotism.
With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows. Dryden.
Burns with one love, with one resentment glows. Pope.
Glow
Glow, v. t. To make hot; to flush. [Poetic]
Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks which they
did cool. Shak.
Glow
Glow, n.
1. White or red heat; incandscence.
2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the glow
of health in the cheeks.
3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion;
ardor.
The red glow of scorn. Shak.
4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise,
etc.
Glowbard
Glow"bard (?), n. [See Globard.] The glowworm. [Obs.]
Glower
Glow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glowering.] [Cf. Gloar.] to look intently; to stare angrily or with a
scowl. Thackeray.
Glowingly
Glow"ing*ly (?), adv. In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or
passion.
Glowlamp
Glow"lamp` (?), n.
1. (Chem.) An aphlogistic lamp. See Aphlogistic.
2. (Elect.) An incandescent lamp. See Incandescent, a.
Glowworm
Glow"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A coleopterous insect of the genus
Lampyris; esp., the wingless females and larv\'91 of the two European
species (L. noctiluca, and L. splendidula), which emit light from some
of the abdominal segments.
Like a glowworm in the night, The which hath fire in darkness, none
in light. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by
the light of the female. In America, the luminous larv\'91 of
several species of fireflies and fire beetles are called glowworms.
Both sexes of these are winged when mature. See Firefly.
Gloxinia
Glox*in"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) American genus of herbaceous plants
with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin,
a German botanist.
Gloze
Gloze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glozed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glozing.]
[OE. glosen, F. gloser. See gloss explanation.]
1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly. Chaucer.
A false, glozing parasite. South.
So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned. Milton.
2. To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret. Shak.
Gloze
Gloze, v. t. To smooth over; to palliate.
By glozing the evil that is in the world. I. Taylor.
Gloze
Gloze, n.
1. Flattery; adulation; smooth speech.
Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by. Shak.
2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
Glozer
Gloz"er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Gifford (1580).
Glucic
Glu"cic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar;
as, glucic acid.
Glucina
Glu*ci"na (?), n. [Cf. F. glycine, glucine. So called because it forms
sweet salts. See Glucinum.] (Chem.) A white or gray tasteless powder,
the oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called glucine.
Glucinic
Glu*cin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
glucinum; as, glucinic oxide.
Glucinum
Glu*ci"num (?), n. [Cf. F. glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. Glycerin.]
(Chem.) A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low
specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs
naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with
silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl,
beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide
glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated. Symbol
Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also beryllium. [Formerly written also
glucinium.]<-- modern name Beryllium, symbol Be -->
Glucogen
Glu"co*gen (?), n. [R.] See Glycogen.
Glucogenesis
Glu`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. Glycogenesis. [R.]
Gluconic
Glu*con"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose. Gluconic
acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid,
by the oxidation of glucose; -- called also maltonic acid, and
dextronic acid.
Glucose
Glu"cose` (?), n. [Gr. Glycerin.]
1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe
grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch,
etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet
as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and
starch sugar. See Dextrose.
2. (Chem.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose
proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.<-- ?Now only one is
called glucose -- when did this usage diappear? = hexose-->
3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside
in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to
some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a
cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.
Glucoside
Glu"co*side (?), n. [See Glucose.] (Chem.) One of a large series of
amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed
in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the
formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a
bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and
alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid,
aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other
sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound
ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.
Glucosuria
Glu`co*su"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. (Med.) A condition
in which glucose is discharged in the urine; diabetes mellitus.
Glue
Glue (?), n. [F. glu, L. glus, akin to gluten, from gluere to draw
together. Cf. Gluten.] A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by
boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently
heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a
cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to other
adhesive or viscous substances. Bee glue. See under Bee. -- Fish glue,
a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins and bladders;
isinglass. -- Glue plant (Bot.), a fucoid seaweed (Gloiopeltis tenax).
-- Liquid glue, a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid oralcohol.
-- Marine glue, a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac,
used in shipbuilding.
Glue
Glue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluing.] [F.
gluer. See Glue, n.] To join with glue or a viscous substance; to
cause to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten.
This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will not let me
speak. Shak.
Gluepot
Glue"pot` (?), n. A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner
pot holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which
is heated to soften the glue.
Gluer
Glu"er (?), n. One who cements with glue.
Gluey
Glu"ey (?), a. Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.
Glueyness
Glu"ey*ness, n. Viscidity.
Gluish
Glu"ish, a. Somewhat gluey. Sherwood.
Glum
Glum (?), n. [See Gloom.] Sullenness. [Obs.] Skelton.
Glum
Glum, a. Moody; silent; sullen.
I frighten people by my glun face. Thackeray.
Glum
Glum, v. i. To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum.
[Obs.] Hawes.
Glumaceous
Glu*ma"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. glumanc\'82. See Glume.] Having glumes;
consisting of glumes.
Glumal
Glu"mal (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by a glume, or having the nature
of a glume.
Glume
Glume (?), n. [L. gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or peel: cf.
F. glume or gloume.] (Bot.) The bracteal covering of the flowers or
seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelt.
Gray.
Glumella, Glumelle
Glu*mel"la (?), Glu"melle (?), n. [F. glumelle, dim. of glume.] (Bot.)
One of the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets
of grasses.
Glumly
Glum"ly (?), adv. In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily.
Glummy
Glum"my (?), a. [See Gloom.] dark; gloomy; dismal. [Obs.]
Glumness
Glum"ness, n. Moodiness; sullenness.
Glump
Glump (?), v. i. [See Glum.] To manifest sullenness; to sulk.
[Colloq.]
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Glumpy
Glump"y (?), a. Glum; sullen; sulky. [Colloq.] "He was glumpy enough."
T. Hook.
Glunch
Glunch (?), a. [Cf. Glump.] Frowning; sulky; sullen. Sir W. Scott. --
n. A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Glut
Glut (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glutting.] [OE.
glotten, fr. OF. glotir, gloutir, L. glutire, gluttire; cf. Gr. gar.
Cf. Gluttion, Englut.]
1. To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge.
Though every drop of water swear against it, And gape at widest to
glut him. Shak.
2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to
satiate; to sate; to cloy.
His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from his breast, to
glut the tyrant's eyes. Dryden.
The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder,
lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace. C. Kingsley.
To glut the market, to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade,
so that there is no sale for it.
Glut
Glut, v. i. To eat gluttonously or to satiety.
Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted all night
long breast-deep in corn. Tennyson.
Glut
Glut, n.
1. That which is swallowed. Milton
2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a
supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; as, a glut
of the market. <-- "of", not "on" the market! -->
A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence. Macaulay.
3. Something that fills up an opening; a clog.
4. (a) A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks. [Prov. Eng.] (b)
(Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing.
Raymond. (c) (Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to
fill out a course. Knight. (d) (Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit
of a klin. (e) A block used for a fulcrum.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla latirostris), found in
Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc.
Glutaconic
Glu`ta*con"ic (?), a. [Glutaric + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
derived from, an acid intermediate between glutaric and aconitic
acids.
Glut\'91us
Glu*t\'91"us (?), n. [NL. See Gluteal.] (Anat.) The great muscle of
the buttock in man and most mammals, and the corresponding muscle in
many lower animals.
NOTE: &hand; In ma n, the glut\'91us is composed of three distinct
parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help support the body
in standing.
Glutamic
Glu*tam"ic (?), a. [Gluten + -amic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
gluten. Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from
certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also amido-glutaric acid.<--
one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins C5H9NO4.
-->
Glutaric
Glu*tar"ic (?), a. [Glutamic + tartaric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to,
or designating, an acid so called; as, glutaric ethers. Glutaric acid,
an organic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, isomeric
with pyrotartaric acid; -- called also normal pyrotartaric acid.<--
one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins -->
Glutazine
Glu"ta*zine (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy,
sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine.
Gluteal
Glu"te*al (?), a. [G. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the
glut\'91us.
Gluten
Glu"ten (?), n. [L., glue: cf. F. gluten. See Glue.] (Chem.) The
viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to dough.
NOTE: &hand; Gl uten is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or
gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc.,
and ia a very nutritious element of food. It may be separated from
the flour of grain by subjecting this to a current of water, the
starch and other soluble matters being thus washed out.
Gluten bread, bread containing a large proportion of gluten; -- used
in cases of diabetes. -- Gluten casein (Chem.), a vegetable proteid
found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous,
earthy mass. -- Gluten fibrin (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in
the cereal grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow
substance.
Gluteus
Glu*te"us (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Glut&ae;us.
Glutin
Glu"tin (?), n. [See Gluten.] (Chem.)
1. Same as Gliadin.
2. Sometimes synonymous with Gelatin. [R.]
Glutinate
Glu"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Glutinating.] [L. glutinatus, p. p. of glutinare to glue, fr. gluten
glue.] To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together. Bailey.
Glutination
Glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. glutinatio: cf. F. glutination.] The act of
uniting with glue; sticking together.
Glutinative
Glu"ti*na*tive (?), a. [L. glutinativus: cf. F. glutinatif.] Having
the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous.
Glutinosity
Glu`ti*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. glutinosit\'82 .] The quality of being
glutinous; viscousness. [R.]
Glutinous
Glu"ti*nous (?), a. [L. glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf. F. glutineux.
See Gluten.]
1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive;
gluey.
2. (Bot.) Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or
gland.
Glutinousness
Glu"ti*nous*ness (?), n. The quality of being glutinous.
Glutton
Glut"ton (?), n. [OE. glotoun, glotun, F. glouton, fr. L. gluto,
glutto. See Glut.]
1. One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.
2. Fig.: One who gluts himself.
Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy. Granville.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous mammal (Gulo luscus), of the family
Mustelid\'91, about the size of a large badger. It was formerly
believed to be inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene.
It is a native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. <--
in 1996, spelled Wolverine, and spn = Gulo gulo -->
Glutton bird (Zo\'94l.), the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea); --
called also Mother Carey's goose, and mollymawk. <-- glutton for
punishment = one persistent in an effort in spite of harmful results
-->
Glutton
Glut"ton (?), a. Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing. "Glutton souls."
Dryden.
A glutton monastery in former ages makes a hungry ministry in our
days. Fuller.
Glutton
Glut"ton, v. t. & i. To glut; to eat voraciously. [Obs.]
Gluttoned at last, return at home to pine. Lovelace.
Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed. Drayton.
Gluttonish
Glut"ton*ish, a. Gluttonous; greedy. Sir P. Sidney.
Gluttonize
Glut"ton*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gluttonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gluttonizing (?).] To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to
gormandize. Hallywell.
Gluttonous
Glut"ton*ous (?), a. Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging
the appetite; voracious; as, a gluttonous age. -- Glut"ton*ous*ly,
adv. -- Glut"ton*ous*ness, n.
Gluttony
Glut"ton*y (?), n.; pl. Gluttonies (#). [OE. glotonie, OF. glotonie,
gloutonnie.] Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite
for food; voracity.
Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts. Milton.
Glycerate
Glyc"er*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of glyceric acid.
Glyceric
Gly*cer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin.
Glyceric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained by the partial
oxidation of glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative
of propionic acid, and has both acid and alcoholic properties.
Glyceride
Glyc"er*ide (?), n. [See Glycerin.] (Chem.) A compound ether (formed
from glycerin). Some glycerides exist ready formed as natural fats,
others are produced artificially.
Glycerin, Glycerine
Glyc"er*in, Glyc"er*ine (, n. [F. glyc\'82rine, fr. Gr. glykero`s,
glyky`s, sweet. Cf. Glucose, Licorice.] (Chem.) An oily, viscous
liquid, C3H5(OH)3, colorless and odorless, and with a hot, sweetish
taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as the base, combined
with various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a
triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called glycerol. See Note under
Gelatin.
NOTE: &hand; It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a
large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an
ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an
adulterant in wine, beer, etc.
Glycerite
Glyc"er*ite (?), n. (Med.) A medicinal preparation made by mixing or
dissolving a substance in glycerin.
Glycerol
Glyc"er*ol (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Glycerin.
Clycerole
Clyc"er*ole (?), n. [F. glyc\'82rol\'82.] (Med.) Same as Glycerite.
Glyceryl
Glyc"er*yl (?), n. [Glycerin + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C3H5,
regarded as the essential radical of glycerin. It is metameric with
allyl. Called also propenyl.
Glycide
Glyc"ide (?), n. [Glyceric + anhydride.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid,
obtained from certain derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a
partially dehydrated glycerin; -- called also glycidic alcohol.
Glycidic
Gly*cid"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide;
as, glycidic acid.
Glycin
Gly"cin (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Glycocoll.
Glycocholate
Gly`co*cho"late (?), n. [Glycocoll + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A salt
of glycocholic acid; as, sodium glycocholate.
Glycocholic
Gly`co*chol"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or composed of,
glycocoll and cholic acid. Glycocholic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a
conjugate acid, composed of glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile
in the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly forms a resinous mass,
but can be crystallized in long, white needles.
Glycocin
Gly"co*cin (?), n. [Glycocoll + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Glycocoll.
Glycocoll
Gly"co*coll (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet + ko`lla glue.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste,
formed from hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid, and
present in bile united with cholic acid. It is also formed from
gelatin by decomposition with acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic
acid. Called also glycin, and glycocin.
Glycogen
Gly"co*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen: cf. F. glycog\'8ane.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in
water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of
most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues,
particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when
boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the
action of amylolytic ferments. <-- polysaccharide, used as a sugar
storage substance in animals -->
Glycogenic
Gly`co*gen"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the
glycogenic function of the liver.
Glycogeny, Glycogenesis
Gly*cog"e*ny (?), Gly`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Physiol.) The production
or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the liver.
Glycol
Gly"col (?), n. [Glycerin + -ol. See Glycerin.] (Chem.) (a) A thick,
colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste, produced
artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol,
intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin. <-- usu.
called ethylene glycol -->(b) Any one of the large class of diacid
alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.<-- diol -->
Glycolic
Gly*col"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as,
glycolic ether; glycolic acid. Glycolic acid (Chem.), an organic acid,
found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape
(Ampelopsis quinquefolia), and produced artificially in many ways, as
by the oxidation of glycol, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or
white crystalline, substance, HO.CH2.CO2H, has the properties both of
an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called
also hydroxyacetic acid.
Glycolide
Gly"co*lide (?), n. [Glycol + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white amorphous
powder, C4H4O, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid.
[Written also glycollide.]
Glycoluric
Gly`co*lu"ric (?), a. [Glycol + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
from, glycol and urea; as, glycoluric acid, which is called also
hydantoic acid.
Glycoluril
Gly`co*lu"ril (?), n. [Glycolyl + uric.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline,
nitrogenous substance, obtained by the reduction of allanto\'8bn.
Glycolyl
Gly"co*lyl (?), n. [Glycolic + -yl.] (Chem.) A divalent, compound
radical, CO.CH2, regarded as the essential radical of glycolic acid,
and a large series of related compounds.
Glyconian
Gly*co"ni*an (?), a. & n. Glyconic.
Glyconic
Gly*con"ic (?), a. [Gr. Glycon.] (Pros.) Consisting of a spondee, a
choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse in Greek and
Latin poetry. -- n. (Pros.) A glyconic verse.
Glyconin
Gly"co*nin (?), n. An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used
as an ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc.
Glycosine
Gly"co*sine (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base, C6H6N4, produced
artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia
on glyoxal.
Glycosuria
Gly`co*su"ri*a (?), n. (Med.) Same as Gluoosuria.
Glycyrrhiza
Glyc`yr*rhi"za (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Licorice.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of
which (G. glabra), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a
bittersweet mucilaginous taste.
2. (Med.) The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root), used as a
demulcent, etc.
Glycyrrhizimic
Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic (?), a. (Chem.) From, or pertaining to,
glycyrrhizin; as, glycyrrhizimic acid.
Glycyrrhizin
Gly*cyr"rhi*zin (?), n. [Cf. F. glycyrrhizine. See Glycyrrhiza.]
(Chem.) A glucoside found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza), in monesia
bark (Chrysophyllum), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted
as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste.
Glyn, Glynne
Glyn, Glynne (?), n. A glen. See Glen.
NOTE: [Obs. si ngly, bu t oc curring of ten in lo cative na mes in
Ireland, as Glen does in Scotland.]
He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up within
those narrow corners and glyns under the mountain's foot. Spenser.
Glyoxal
Gly*ox"al (?), n. [Glycol + oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A white,
amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)2, obtained by the partial
oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and
oxalic acid.
Glyoxalic
Gly`ox*al"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an
aldehyde acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid. [Written
also glyoxylic.]
Glyoxaline
Gly*ox"a*line (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline, organic base,
C3H4N2, produced by the action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the
origin of a large class of derivatives hence, any one of the series of
which glyoxaline is a type; -- called also oxaline.
Glyoxime
Gly*ox"ime (?), n. [Glyoxal + oxime.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline,
nitrogenous substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on
glyoxal, and belonging to the class of oximes; also, any one of a
group of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it is a
type. See Oxime.
Glyph
Glyph (?), n. [Gr. glyphe. Cf. Cleave to split.] (Arch.) A sunken
channel or groove, usually vertical. See Triglyph.
Glyphic
Glyph"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Fine Arts) Of or pertaining to sculpture or
carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs.
Glyphograph
Glyph"o*graph (?), n. A plate made by glyphography, or an impression
taken from such a plate.
Glyphographic
Glyph`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to glyphography.
Glyphography
Gly*phog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A process similar to etching,
in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a raised copy of a drawing
is made, so that it can be used to print from.
Glyptic
Glyp"tic (?), a. [See Glyph.]
1. Of or pertaining to gem engraving.
2. (Min.) Figured; marked as with figures.
Glyptics
Glyp"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. glyptique. See Glyph.] The art of engraving
on precious stones.
Glyptodon
Glyp"to*don (?), n. [Gr. Glyph.] (Paleon.) An extinct South American
quaternary mammal, allied to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox,
was covered with tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth. Owen.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 634
Glyptodont
Glyp"to*dont (?), n. (Paleon.) One of a family (glyptodontid\'91) of
extinct South American edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type.
About twenty species are known.
Glyptographic
Glyp`to*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. glyptographique.] Relating to
glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones. [R.]
Glyptography
Glyp*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. glyptographie.] The art
or process of engraving on precious stones. [R.]
Glyptotheca
Glyp`to*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A building or room devoted to
works of sculpture.
Glyster
Glys"ter (?), n. (Med.) Same as Clyster.
Gmelinite
Gmel"in*ite (?), n. [Named after the German chemist Gmelin.] (Min.) A
rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and composition to
chabazite.
Gnaphalium
Gna*pha"li*um (?), n. [Nl., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of composite
plants with white or colored dry and persistent involucres; a kind of
everlasting.
Gnar
Gnar (?), n. [OE. knarre, gnarre, akin to OD. knor, G. knorren. Cf.
Knar, Knur, Gnarl.] A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset
man; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic]
He was . . . a thick gnarre. Chaucer.
Gnar
Gnar (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarring.]
[See Gnarl.] To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also gnarr.
[Archaic]
At them he gan to rear his bristles strong, And felly gnarre.
Spenser.
A thousand wants Gnarr at the heels of men. Tennison.
Gnarl
Gnarl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarling.]
[From older gnar, prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knarren, knurren.
D. knorren, Sw. knorra, Dan. knurre.] To growl; to snarl.
And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first. Shak.
Gnarl
Gnarl, n. [See Gnar, n.] a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a
protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.
Gnarled
Gnarled (?), a. Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted;
crossgrained.
The unwedgeable and gnarl\'82d oak. Shak.
Gnarly
Gnarl"y (?), a. Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained.
Gnash
Gnash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnashed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnashing.]
[OE. gnasten, gnaisten, cf. Icel. gnastan a gnashing, gn to gnash,
Dan.knaske, Sw. gnissla, D. knarsen, G. knirschen.] To strike
together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the teeth.
Gnash
Gnash, v. i. To grind or strike the teeth together.
There they him laid, Gnashing for anguish, and despite, and shame.
Milton.
Gnashingly
Gnash"ing*ly, adv. With gnashing.
Gnat
Gnat (?), n. [AS. gn\'91t.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus Culex,
undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females have a proboscis
armed with needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of animals.
These are wanting in the males. In America they are generally called
mosquitoes. See Mosquito.
2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in America, a
small biting fly of the genus Simulium and allies, as the buffalo
gnat, the black fly, etc.
Gnat catcher (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of small American
singing birds, of the genus Polioptila, allied to the kinglets. --
Gnat flower, the bee flower. -- Gnat hawk (Zo\'94l.), the European
goatsucker; -- called also gnat owl. -- Gnat snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
bird that catches gnats. -- Gnat strainer, a person ostentatiously
punctilious about trifles. Cf. Matt. xxiii. 24.
Gnathic
Gnath"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the jaw. Gnathic
index, in a skull, the ratio of the distance from the middle of the
nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken equal to 100), to the distance
from the basion to the middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; --
called also alveolar index.
Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are orthognathous, from 98
to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are prognathous. Flower.
Gnathidium
Gna*thid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gnathidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is naked; -- commonly
used in the plural.
Gnathite
Gnath"ite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the mouth appendages of
the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles, maxill\'91, and
maxillipeds.
Gnathonic, Gnathonical
Gna*thon"ic (?), Gna*thon"ic*al (?), a. [L. Gnatho, name of a parasite
in the "Eunuchus" of Terence, Gr. Flattering; deceitful. [Obs.]
Gnathopod
Gnath"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) A gnathopodite or
maxilliped. See Maxilliped.
Gnathopodite
Gna*thop"o*dite (?), n. (Zo\'94l,) Any leglike appendage of a
crustacean, when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp.
one of the maxillipeds.
Gnathastegite
Gna*thas"te*gite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of broad
plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds of crabs, and forming a
cover for the other mouth organs.
Gnathostoma
Gna*thos"to*ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive
division of vertebrates, including all that have distinct jaws, in
contrast with the leptocardians and marsipobranchs (Cyclostoma), which
lack them. [Written also Gnathostomata.]
Gnathotheca
Gnath`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gnathothec\'92 (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird.
Gnatling
Gnat"ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small gnat.
Gnatworm
Gnat"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called
also, colloquially, wiggler.
Gnaw
Gnaw (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnawing.]
[OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D. knagen, OHG. gnagan, nagan, G.
nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan. gnave, nage. Cf. Nag to tease.]
1. To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily separated
or crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to wear or eat
away by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at.
His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw. Dryden.
2. To bite in agony or rage.
They gnawed their tongues for pain. Rev. xvi. 10.
3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste.
Gnaw
Gnaw, v. i. To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort,
as in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or
unmanageable.
I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me.
Sir P. Sidney.
Gnawer
Gnaw"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, gnaws.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent.
Gneiss
Gneiss (?), n. [G.] (Geol.) A crystalline rock, consisting, like
granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials,
especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather
easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the
place of the mica, and it is then called hornblendic OR syenitic
gneiss. Similar varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss.
Gneissic
Gneis"sic (?), a. Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of
gneiss.
Gneissoid
Gneis"soid (?), a. [Gneiss+ -old.] Resembling gneiss; having some of
the characteristics of gneiss; -- applied to rocks of an intermediate
character between granite and gneiss, or mica slate and gneiss.
Gneissose
Gneis"sose` (?), a. Having the structure of gneiss.
Gnew
Gnew (?), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Chaucer.
Gnide
Gnide (n&imac;d), v. t. [AS. gn&imac;dan.] To rub; to bruise; to break
in pieces. [Obs.]
NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is fo und in Ty rwhitt's Ch aucer, bu t
improperly. The woed, though common in Old English, does not occur
in Chaucer.
T. R. Lounsbury.
Gnof
Gnof (?), n. Churl; curmudgeon. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gnome
Gnome (?), n. [F. gnome, prob. fr. Gr. i. e., of the treasures in the
inner parts of the earth, or fr. Know.]
1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the
inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries,
etc.
2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features,
or of strange appearance.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United
States.
4. [Gr. A brief reflection or maxim. Peacham.
Gnomic, Gnomical
Gnom"ic (?), Gnom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. gnomique. See Gnome maxim.]
Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking detached
thoughts; aphoristic.
A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and gnomic poetry. G. R.
Lewes.
Gnomic Poets, Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth century
B. C., whose writings consist of short sententious precepts and
reflections.
Gnomical
Gnom"ic*al, a. [See Gnomon.] Gnomonical. Boyle.
Gnomically
Gnom"ic*al*ly, adv. In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner.
Gnomologic, Gnomological
Gno`mo*log"ic (?), Gno`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to, of the
nature of, or resembling, a gnomology.
Gnomology
Gno*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. gnomologie.] A collection of, or a treatise
on, maxims, grave sentences, or reflections. [Obs.] Milton.
Gnomon
Gno"mon (?), n. [L. gnomon, Gr. Gnome.]
1. (Dialing) The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of
the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis.
2. (Astron.) A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon,
formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to
find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow.
3. (Geom.) The space included between the boundary lines of two
similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in
common; as, the gnomon bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and af. The
parallelogram bf is the complement of the parallelogram df.
4. The index of the hour circle of a globe.
Gnomonic, Gnomonical
Gno*mon"ic (?), Gno*mon"ic*al (?), a. [L. gnomonicus, Gr. gnomonique.
See Gnomon.] Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art of dialing.
Gnomonic projection, a projection of the circles of the sphere, in
which the point of sight is taken at the center of the sphere, and the
principal plane is tangent to the surface of the sphere. "The gnomonic
projection derives its name from the connection between the methods of
describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or dial."
Cyc. of Arts & Sciences.
Gnomonically
Gno*mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the principles of the gnomonic
projection.
Gnomonics
Gno*mon"ics (?), n. [See Gnomonic.] The art or science of dialing, or
of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow of a
gnomon.
Gnomonist
Gno"mon*ist (?), n. One skilled in gnomonics. Boyle.
Gnomonology
Gno`mon*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gnomon + -logy. Cf. Gnomonology.] A treatise
on gnomonics.
Gnoscopine
Gnos"co*pine (?), n. [Gr. gignw`skein to know + E. opium?] (Chem.) An
alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium.
Gnosis
Gno"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gnw^sis.] (Metaph.) The deeper wisdom;
knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed by the Gnostics.
Gnostic
Gnos"tic (?), a.
1. Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang]
I said you were a gnostic fellow. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; as,
the Gnostic heresy.
Gnostic
Gnos"tic, n. [L. gnosticus, Gr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F. gnostique.
See Know.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the so-called philosophers in the
first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical
interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined
Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of
Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual,
and material, are derived from the Deity by successive emanations,
which they called Eons.
Gnosticism
Gnos"ti*cism (?), n. The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.
Gnow
Gnow (?), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Gnawed. Chaucer.
Gnu
Gnu (?), n. [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
two species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas,
having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written
also gnoo.]
NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon gn u or wi ldebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is
plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is
larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.
Go
Go (?), obs. p. p. of Go. Gone. Chaucer.
Go
Go, v. i. [imp. Went (?); p. p. Gone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Going. Went
comes from the AS, wendan. See Wend, v. i.] [OE. gan, gon, AS. g\'ben,
akin to D. gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG. g, g\'ben, SW. g&adeg;, Dan.
gaae; cf. Gr. h\'be to go, AS. gangan, and E. gang. The past tense in
AS., eode, is from the root i to go, as is also Goth. iddja went.
&root;47a. Cf. Gang, v. i., Wend.]
1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a
state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to advance; to make
progress; -- used, in various applications, of the movement of both
animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the
movements of the mind; also figuratively applied.
2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step
by step, or leisurely.
NOTE: &hand; In ol d writers go is much used as opposed to run, or
ride. "Whereso I go or ride."
Chaucer.
You know that love Will creep in service where it can not go. Shak.
Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will
scarce serve the turn. Shak.
He fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon
his hands and his knees. Bunyan.
NOTE: &hand; In Ch aucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in
the objective used reflexively; as, he goeth him home.
3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence,
with for, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded.
The man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. 1 Sa.
xvii. 12.
[The money] should go according to its true value. Locke.
4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be
carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed;
to turn out.
How goes the night, boy ? Shak.
I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough.
Arbuthnot.
Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the
reward. I Watts.
5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to
tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to
contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as, this goes to show.
Against right reason all your counsels go. Dryden.
To master the foul flend there goeth some complement knowledge of
theology. Sir W. Scott.
6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake.
Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he
went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood. Sir P.
Sidney.
NOTE: &hand; Go , in th is se nse, is of ten us ed in the present
participle with the auxiliary verb to be, before an infinitive, to
express a future of intention, or to denote design; as, I was going
to say; I am going to begin harvest.
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7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of
the memory or imagination; -- generally with over or through.
By going over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable
satisfaction about this great subject. South.
8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate.
The fruit she goes with, I pray for heartily, that it may find Good
time, and live. Shak.
9. To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the
action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; -- in
opposition to stay and come.
I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . .
. only ye shall not go very far away. Ex. viii. 28.
10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish;
to decline; to decease; to die.
By Saint George, he's gone! That spear wound hath our master sped.
Sir W. Scott.
11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line goes across the street;
his land goes to the river; this road goes to New York.
His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow.
Dryden.
12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to go to law.
NOTE: &hand; Go is used, in combination with many prepositions and
adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition
or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force
of the expression; as, to go against to go into, to go out, to go
aside, to go astray, etc.
Go to, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of exclamation, serious or
ironical. -- To go a-begging, not to be in demand; to be undesired. --
To go about. (a) To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to
undertake. "They went about to slay him." Acts ix. 29.
They never go about . . . to hide or palliate their vices. Swift.
(b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear. -- To go
abraod. (a) To go to a foreign country. (b) To go out of doors. (c) To
become public; to be published or disclosed; to be current.
Then went this saying abroad among the brethren. John xxi. 23.
-- To go against. (a) To march against; to attack. (b) To be in
opposition to; to be disagreeable to. -- To go ahead. (a) To go in
advance. (b) To go on; to make progress; to proceed. -- To go and
come. See To come and go, under Come. -- To go aside. (a) To withdraw;
to retire.
He . . . went aside privately into a desert place. Luke. ix. 10.
(b) To go from what is right; to err. Num. v. 29.-- To go back on. (a)
To retrace (one's path or footsteps). (b) To abandon; to turn against;
to betray. [Slang, U. S.] -- To go below (Naut), to go below deck. --
To go between, to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret agent
between parties; in a bad sense, to pander. -- To go beyond. See under
Beyond. -- To go by, to pass away unnoticed; to omit. -- To go by the
board (Naut.), to fall or be carried overboard; as, the mast went by
the board. -- To go down. (a) To descend. (b) To go below the horizon;
as, the sun has gone down. (c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships,
etc. (d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively. [Colloq.]
Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down whole with him for
truth. L' Estrange.
-- To go far. (a) To go to a distance. (b) To have much weight or
influence. -- To go for. (a) To go in quest of. (b) To represent; to
pass for. (c) To favor; to advocate. (d) To attack; to assault. [Low]
(e) To sell for; to be parted with for (a price). -- To go for
nothing, to be parted with for no compensation or result; to have no
value, efficacy, or influence; to count for nothing. -- To go forth.
(a) To depart from a place. (b) To be divulged or made generally
known; to emanate.
The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from
Jerusalem. Micah iv. 2.
-- To go hard with, to trouble, pain, or endanger. -- To go in, to
engage in; to take part. [Colloq.] -- To go in and out, to do the
business of life; to live; to have free access. John x. 9. -- To go in
for. [Colloq.] (a) To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a
measure, etc.). (b) To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor,
preferment, etc.) (c) To complete for (a reward, election, etc.). (d)
To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc.
He was as ready to go in for statistics as for anything else.
Dickens.
-- To go in to OR unto. (a) To enter the presence of. Esther iv.
16.(b) To have sexual intercourse with. [Script.] -- To go into. (a)
To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.). (b)
To participate in (a war, a business, etc.). -- To go large. (Naut)
See under Large. -- To go off. (a) To go away; to depart.
The leaders . . . will not go off until they hear you. Shak.
(b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness went off. (c) To die.
Shak. (d) To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of a gun,
a mine, etc. (e) To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of. (f)
To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished.
The wedding went off much as such affairs do. Mrs. Caskell.
-- To go on. (a) To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, to
go on reading. (b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat
will not go on. -- To go all fours, to correspond exactly, point for
point.
It is not easy to make a simile go on all fours. Macaulay.
-- To go out. (a) To issue forth from a place. (b) To go abroad; to
make an excursion or expedition.
There are other men fitter to go out than I. Shak.
What went ye out for to see ? Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.
(c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame etc.
(d) To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the light has
gone out.
Life itself goes out at thy displeasure. Addison.
-- To go over. (a) To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.;
to change sides.
I must not go over Jordan. Deut. iv. 22.
Let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan. Deut.
iii. 25.
Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the Ammonites. Jer. xli. 10.
(b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, to go over one's
accounts.
If we go over the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . .
they enjoin the same thing. Tillotson.
(c) To transcend; to surpass. (d) To be postponed; as, the bill went
over for the session. (e) (Chem.) To be converted (into a specified
substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur goes over into
orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose goes over into dextrose and
levulose. -- To go through. (a) To accomplish; as, to go through a
work. (b) To suffer; to endure to the end; as, to go through a
surgical operation or a tedious illness. (c) To spend completely; to
exhaust, as a fortune. (d) To strip or despoil (one) of his property.
[Slang] (e) To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.] -- To go through
with, to perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete. -- To go
to ground. (a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted fox. (b) To
fall in battle. -- To go to naught (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or
unavailling. -- To go under. (a) To set; -- said of the sun. (b) To be
known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.). (c) To be overwhelmed,
submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb. -- To go up, to come to
nothing; to prove abortive; to fail. [Slang] -- To go upon, to act
upon, as a foundation or hypothesis. -- To go with. (a) To accompany.
(b) To coincide or agree with. (c) To suit; to harmonize with. -- To
go (well, ill, OR hard) with, to affect (one) in such manner. -- To go
without, to be, or to remain, destitute of. -- To go wrong. (a) To
take a wrong road or direction; to wander or stray. (b) To depart from
virtue. (c) To happen unfortunately. (d) To miss success. -- To let
go, to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release.
Go
Go (?), v. t.
1. To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become
responsible for; to bear a part in.
They to go equal shares in the booty. L'Estrange.
2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a shilling. [Colloq.]
To go halves, to share with another equally. -- >To go it, to behave
in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to
make progress. [Colloq.] -- To go it alone (Card Playing), to play a
hand without the assistance of one's partner.<-- to do anything
without the assistance of one's former associates --> -- To go it
blind. (a) To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner. [Slang] (b)
(Card Playing) To bet without having examined the cards.<-- = to bet
in the blind --> -- To go one's way, to set forth; to depart.
Go
Go, n.
1. Act; working; operation. [Obs.]
So gracious were the goes of marriage. Marston.
2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident. [Slang]
This is a pretty go. Dickens.
3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the go. [Colloq.]
4. Noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloq.]
5. A glass of spirits. [Slang]
6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as,
there is no go in him. [Colloq.]
7. (Cribbage) That condition in the course of the game when a player
can not lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above
thirty-one.
Great go, Little go, the final and the preliminary examinations for a
degree. [Slang, Eng. Univ.] -- No go, a failure; a fiasco. [Slang]
Thackeray. -- On the go, moving about; unsettled. [Colloq.]
Goa
Go"a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of antelope (Procapra picticauda),
inhabiting Thibet.
Goad
Goad (?), n. [AS. g\'bed; perh. akin to AS. g\'ber a dart, and E.
gore. See Gore, v. t.] A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast;
hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates.
The daily goad urging him to the daily toil. Macaulay.
Goad
Goad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Goading.] To prick;
to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything
pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate.
That temptation that doth goad us on. Shak.
Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite;
instigate.
Goaf
Goaf (?); n.; pl. Goafs (#) or Goaves (#). [Cf. lst Gob.] (Mining)
That part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially or
wholly removed; the waste left in old workings; -- called also gob .
To work the goaf OR gob, to remove the pillars of mineral matter
previously left to support the roof, and replace them with props. Ure.
Goal
Goal (?), n. [F. gaule pole, Prov. F. waule, of German origin; cf.
Fries. walu staff, stick, rod, Goth. walus, Icel. v\'94lr a round
stick; prob. akin to E. wale.]
1. The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the
constestants run, or from which they start to return to it again; the
place at which a race or a journey is to end.
Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal With rapid wheels.
Milton.
2. The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends, or which
a person aims to reach or attain.
Each individual seeks a several goal. Pope.
3. A base, station, or bound used in various games; in football, a
line between two posts across which the ball must pass in order to
score; also, the act of kicking the ball over the line between the
goal posts.
Goal keeper, the player charged with the defense of the goal.
Goa powder
Go"a pow"der (?). [So called from Goa, on the Malabar coast, whither
it was shipped from Portugal.] A bitter powder (also called araroba)
found in the interspaces of the wood of a Brazilian tree (Andira
araroba) and used as a medicine. It is the material from which
chrysarobin is obtained.
Goar
Goar (?), n. Same as lst Gore.
Goarish
Goar"ish, a. Patched; mean. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Goat
Goat (?), n. [OE goot, got, gat, AS. g\'bet; akin to D. geit, OHG.
geiz, G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw. get, Dan. ged, Goth. gaits, L. haedus
a young goat, kid.] (Zo\'94l.) A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus
Capra, of several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (C.
hircus), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin.
NOTE: &hand; Th e Ca shmere an d An gora varieties of the goat have
long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The
wild or bezoar goat (Capra \'91gagrus), of Asia Minor, noted for
the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to be one of
the ancestral species ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky Montain goat
(Haplocercus montanus) is more nearly related to the antelopes. See
Mazame.
Goat antelope (Zo\'94l), one of several species of antelopes, which in
some respects resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body,
large hoofs, and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and
chikara. -- Goat fig (Bot.), the wild fig. -- Goat house. (a) A place
for keeping goats. (b) A brothel. [Obs.] -- Goat moth (Zo\'94l.), any
moth of the genus Cossus, esp. the large European species (C.
ligniperda), the larva of which burrows in oak and willow trees, and
requires three years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the
he-goat. -- Goat weed (Bot.), a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus
Capraria (C. biflora). -- Goat's bane (Bot.), a poisonous plant
(Aconitum Lucoctonum), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from
Switzerland into England; wolfsbane. -- Goat's beard (Bot.), a plant
of the genus Tragopogon; -- so named from the long silky beard of the
seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster plant. -- Goat's foot
(Bot.), a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis caprina) growing at the Cape of
Good Hope. -- Goat's rue (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Galega
officinalis of Europe, or Tephrosia Virginiana in the United States).
-- Goat's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Astragalus
Tragacanthus), found in the Levant. -- Goat's wheat (Bot.), the genus
Tragopyrum (now referred to Atraphaxis).
Goatee
Goat`ee" (?), n. A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip
which is allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a
goat.
Goatfish
Goat"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Upeneus, inhabiting
the Gulf of Mexico. It is allied to the surmullet.
Goatherd
Goat"herd` (?), n. One who tends goats. Spenser.
Goatish
Goat"ish, a. Characteristic of a goat; goatlike.
Give your chaste body up to the embraces Of goatish lust.
Massinger.
-- Goat"ish*ly, adv. -- Goat"ish*ness, n.
Goatlike
Goat"like` (?), a. Like a goat; goatish.
Goatskin
Goat"skin` (?), n. The skin of a goat, or leather made from it. -- a.
Made of the skin of a goat.
Goatsucker
Goat"suck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of
insectivorous birds, belonging to Caprimulgus and allied genera, esp.
the European species (Caprimulgus Europ\'91us); -- so called from the
mistaken notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also
goat-milker, goat owl, goat chaffer, fern owl, night hawk, nightjar,
night churr, churr-owl, gnat hawk, and dorhawk .
Goaves
Goaves (?), n. pl. [See Goaf, n.] (Mining) Old workings. See Goaf.
Raymond.
Gob
Gob (?), n. [Cf. Goaf.] (Mining) Same as Goaf.
Gob
Gob, n. [OF. gob morsel; cf. F. gobe, gobbe, a poisoned morsel, poison
ball, gobet a piece swallowed, gober to swallow greedily and without
tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. gob mouth, snout, W. gwp a bird's head and
neck. Cf. Gobble, Job, n.]
1. A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a mouthful. [Low]
L'Estrange.
2. The mouth. [Prov. Eng.or Low] Wright.
Gobbet
Gob"bet (?), n. [OE. & F. gobet. See 2d Gob.] A mouthful; a lump; a
small piece. Spenser.
[He] had broken the stocks to small gobbets. Wyclif.
Gobbet
Gob"bet, v. t. To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets. [Low]
L'Estrange.
Gobbetly
Gob"bet*ly, adv. In pieces. [Obs.] Huloet.
Gobbing
Gob"bing (?), n. [See lst Gob.] (Mining) (a) The refuse thrown back
into the excavation after removing the coal. It is called also gob
stuff. Brande & C. (b) The process of packing with waste rock;
stowing.
Gobble
Gob"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gobbling
(?).] [Freq. of 2d gob.]
1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp.
Supper gobbled up in haste. Swift.
2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.
He . . . gobbles out a note of self-approbation. Goldsmith.
To gobble up, to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly.
[Slang]
Gobble
Gob"ble, v. i.
1. To eat greedily.
2. To make a noise like that of a turkey cock. Prior.
Gobble
Gob"ble, n. A noise made in the throat.
Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant gobble. Mrs. Gore.
Gobbler
Gob"bler (?), n. A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.
Gobelin
Gob"e*lin (?), a. Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called
Gobelin works, which have been maintained by the French Government
since 1667.
Gobemouche
Gobe`mouche" (?), n. [F.] Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who
keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.
Gobet
Gob"et (?), n. See Gobbet. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Go-between
Go"-be*tween` (?), n. An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; --
usually in a disparaging sense. Shak.
Gobioid
Go"bi*oid (?), a. [NL. Gobius + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining
to, the goby, or the genus Gobius. -- n. A gobioid fish.
Goblet
Gob"let (?), n. [F. gobelet, LL. gobeletus, gobellus; cf. L. cupa tub,
cask. See Cupel.] A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or
standard, but without a handle.
We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned. Denham.
Goblin
Gob"lin (?), n. [OE. gobelin, F. gobelin, LL. gobelinus, fr. Gr.
kobold, E. kobold, cobalt, Armor. gobilin an ignis fatuus, goblin.] An
evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a frightful
phantom; a gnome.
To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied. Milton.
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Gobline
Gob"line` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the ropes or chains serving as stays
for the dolphin striker or the bowsprit; -- called also gobrope and
gaubline.
Goblinize
Gob"lin*ize (?), v. t. To transform into a goblin. [R.] Lowell.
Goby
Go"by (?), n.; pl. Gobies (#). [F. gobie, L. gobius, gobio, Gr.
Gudgeon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small marine fishes of
the genus Gobius and allied genera.
Go-by
Go"-by` (?), n. A passing without notice; intentional neglect;
thrusting away; a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the
go-by.
Some songs to which we have given the go-by. Prof. Wilson.
Gocart
Go"cart` (?), n. A framework moving on casters, designed to support
children while learning to walk.
God
God (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.
God
God (?), n. [AS. god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG. got, G. gott, Icel.
gu, go, Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth. gup, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root
appearing in Skr. h, p. p. h, to call upon, invoke, implore. Goodbye,
Gospel, Gossip.]
1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be
propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an
object of worship; an idol.
He maketh a god, and worshipeth it. Is. xliv. 15.
The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods. Milton.
2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator,
and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah.
God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in
spirit and in truth. John iv. 24.
3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object
of supreme regard.
Whose god is their belly. Phil. iii. 19.
4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power.
[R.] Shak.
Act of God. (Law) See under Act. -- Gallery gods, the occupants of the
highest and cheapest gallery of a theater. [Colloq.] -- God's acre,
God's field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under Acre. -- God's
house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church. -- God's penny, earnest
penny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- God's Sunday, Easter.
God
God, v. t. To treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] Shak.
Godchild
God"child` (?), n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism,
and whom he promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or
goddaughter. See Godfather.
Goddaughter
God"daugh`ter (?), n. [AS. goddohtor.] A female for whom one becomes
sponsor at baptism.
Goddess
God"dess (?), n.
1. A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.
When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of
goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and
superior beauty. Addison.
2. A woman of superior charms or excellence.
Gode
Gode (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Godelich
Gode"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Godfather
God"fa`ther (?), n. [AS. godf\'91der. Cf. Gossip.] A man who becomes
sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its
Christian training and instruction.
There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can
be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one
Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as
Sponsors, if it is desired. Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc.
Ch., U. S. ).
Godfather
God"fa`ther, v. t. To act as godfather to; to take under one's
fostering care. [R.] Burke.
God-fearing
God"-fear`ing (?), a. Having a reverential and loving feeling towards
God; religious.
A brave good-fearing man. Tennyson.
Godhead
God"head (?), n. [OE. godhed. See -head, and cf. Godhood.]
1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.
2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.
The imperial throne Of Godhead, fixed for ever. Milton.
3. A god or goddess; a divinity. [Obs.]
Adoring first the genius of the place, The nymphs and native
godheads yet unknown. Dryden.
Godhood
God"hood (?), n. [God + -hood. Cf. Godhead.] Divine nature or essence;
deity; godhead.
Godild
God"ild (?). A corruption of God yield, i. e., God reward or bless.
Shak.
Godless
God"less, a. Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for
God; impious; wicked. -- God"less*ly, adv. -- God"less*ness, n.
Godlike
God"like` (?), a. [God + like. Cf. Godly.] Resembling or befitting a
god or God; divine; hence, preeminently good; as, godlike virtue. --
God"like`ness, n.
Godlily
God"li*ly (?), adv. Righteously. H. Wharton.
Godliness
God"li*ness, n. [From Godly.] Careful observance of, or conformity to,
the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly; piety.
Godliness is profitable unto all things. 1 Tim. iv. 8.
Godling
God"ling (?), n. A diminutive god. Dryden.
Godly
God"ly, a. [God, n. + -ly. Cf. Godlike, Like.] Pious; reverencing God,
and his character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love
for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law; devout;
righteous; as, a godly life.
For godly sorrow worketh repentance. 2 Cor. vii. 10.
Godly
God"ly (?), adv. Piously; devoutly; righteously.
All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.
2. Tim. iii. 12.
Godlyhead
God"ly*head (?), n. [Cf. Goodlyhead.] Goodness. [Obs.] Spenser.
Godmother
God"moth`er (?), n. [AS. godm.] A woman who becomes sponsor for a
child in baptism. See Godfather
Godown
Go*down" (?), n. [Corruption of Malay g\'bedong warehouse.] A
warehouse. [East Indies]
Godroon
Go*droon" (?), n. [F. godron a round plait, godroon.] (Arch.) An
ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded molding.
Godsend
God"send` (?), n. Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or
piece of good fortune.
Godship
God"ship, n. [God, n. + -ship.] The rank or character of a god; deity;
divinity; a god or goddess.
O'er hills and dales their godships came. Prior.
Godsib
God"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Godson
God"son` (?), n. [AS. godsunu.] A male for whom one has stood sponsor
in baptism. See Godfather.
Godspeed
God"speed` (?), n. Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of
the phrase, "God speed you." [Written also as two separate words.]
Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed. 2 John 10.
Godward
God"ward (?), adv. Toward God. 2 Cor. iii. 4.
Godwit
God"wit (?), n. [Prob. from AS. g good + wiht creature, wight.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the
genus Limosa, and family Tringid\'91. The European black-tailed godwit
(Limosa limosa), the American marbled godwit (L. fedoa), the Hudsonian
godwit (L. h\'91mastica), and others, are valued as game birds. Called
also godwin.
Goel
Go"el (g&omac;"&ecr;l), a. [Cf. Yellow. &root;49.] Yellow. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Go\'89land
Go`\'89`land" (?), n. [F. go\'89land.] (Zo\'94l.) A white tropical
tern (Cygis candida).
Go\'89min
Go`\'89`min" (?), n. [F. go\'89mon seaweed.] A complex mixture of
several substances extracted from Irish moss.
Goen
Go"en (?), p. p. of Go. [Obs.]
Goer
Go"er (?), n. [From Go.] One who, or that which, goes; a runner or
walker; as: (a) A foot. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A horse, considered in
reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a safe goer.
This antechamber has been filled with comers and goers. Macaulay.
Goety
Go"e*ty (?), n. [Gr. go\'82tie.] Invocation of evil spirits;
witchcraft. [Obs.] Hallywell.
Goff
Goff (?), n. [Cf. F. goffe ill-made, awkward, It. goffo, Sp. gofo,
Prov. G. goff a blockhead, Gr. A silly clown. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Goff
Goff, n. A game. See Golf. [Scot.] Halliwell.
Goffer
Gof"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Goffering.] [See Gauffer.] To plait, flute, or crimp. See Gauffer.
Clarke.
Gog
Gog (?), n. [Cf. agog, F. gogue sprightliness, also W. gogi to
agitate, shake.] Haste; ardent desire to go. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Goggle
Gog"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Goggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goggling
(?).] [Cf. Ir. & Gael. gog a nod, slight motion.] To roll the eyes; to
stare.
And wink and goggle like an owl. Hudibras.
Goggle
Gog"gle, a. Full and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes.
The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes. Sir W. Scott.
Goggle
Gog"gle, n. [See Goggle, v. i.]
1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye.
2. pl. (a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in
the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes
from cold, dust, etc. (b) Colored glasses for relief from intense
light. (c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward,
and cure squinting. (d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or
without a slit for seeing through.
Goggled
Gog"gled (?), a. Prominent; staring, as the eye.
Goggle-eye
Gog"gle-eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of two or more species of
American fresh-water fishes of the family Centrarchid\'91, esp.
Ch\'91nobryttus antistius, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and
Ambloplites rupestris, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley; --
so called from their prominent eyes. (b) The goggler.
Goggle-eyed
Gog"gle-eyed` (?), a. Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes.
Ascham.
Goggler
Gog"gler (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A carangoid oceanic fish (Trachurops
crumenophthalmus), having very large and prominent eyes; -- called
also goggle-eye, big-eyed scad, and cicharra.
Goglet
Gog"let (?), n. [Pg. gorgoleta.] See Gurglet.
Going
Go"ing (?), n.
1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad.
2. Departure. Milton.
3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. Crew.
4. pl. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.
His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings. Job
xxxiv. 21.
Going barrel. (Horology) (a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and
having teeth on its periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for
maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being
wound up. -- Going forth. (Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit. "Every
going forth of the sanctuary." Ezek. xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border.
"The going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea."
Num. xxxiv. 4. -- Going out, OR Goings out. (Script.) (a) The utmost
extremity or limit. "The border shall go down to Jordan, and the
goings out of it shall be at the salt sea." Num. xxxiv. 12. (b)
Departure or journeying. "And Moses wrote their goings out according
to their journeys." Num. xxxiii. 2. -- Goings on, behavior; actions;
conduct; -- usually in a bad sense.
Goiter Goitre
Goi"ter Goi"tre (?), n. [F. go\'8ctre, L. guttur throat, cf. tumidum
guttur goiter, gutturosus goitered. See Guttural.] (Med.) An
enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck;
bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most
common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of
Switzerland.
Goitered, Goitred
Goi"tered, Goi"tred (?), a. Affected with goiter.
Goitrous
Goi"trous (?), a. [F. go\'8ctreux, L. gutturosus. See Goiter.]
Pertaining to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the nature of
goiter or bronchocele.
Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in
general are either goitrous or idiots. W. Coxe.
Gold, Golde, Goolde
Gold (?), Golde, Goolde (?), n. (Bot.) An old English name of some
yellow flower, -- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr. Prior,
but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.
Gold
Gold (?), n. [AS. gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G. gold, Icel. gull,
Sw. & Dan. guld, Goth. gulp, Russ. & OSlav. zlato; prob. akin to E.
yellow. Yellow, and cf. Gild, v. t.]
1. (Chem.) A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal
used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a
characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known
(specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It
is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and
therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au
(Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7.
NOTE: &hand; Na tive gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of
silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the
color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very
widely disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very
small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in
slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil,
resulting from the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs
associated with other metallic substances, as in auriferous
pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals petzite,
calaverite, sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use,
and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter
giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See Carat.] Gold also finds
use in gold foil, in the pigment purple of Cassius, and in the
chloride, which is used as a toning agent in photography.
2. Money; riches; wealth.
For me, the gold of France did not seduce. Shak.
3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with
gold.
4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of gold. Shak.
Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden. -- Dutch gold, Fool's gold,
Gold dust, etc. See under Dutch, Dust, etc. -- Gold amalgam, a
mineral, found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and
mercury. -- Gold beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into
gold leaf. -- Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the
large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal
during the process of gold-beating. -- Gold beetle (Zo\'94l.), any
small gold-colored beetle of the family Chrysomelid\'91; -- called
also golden beetle. -- Gold blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon
a book cover, by means of an engraved block. Knight. -- Gold cloth.
See Cloth of gold, under Cloth. -- Gold Coast, a part of the coast of
Guinea, in West Africa. -- Gold cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7. --
Gold diggings, the places, or region, where gold is found by digging
in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing. -- Gold end,
a fragment of broken gold or jewelry. -- Gold-end man. (a) A buyer of
old gold or jewelry. (b) A goldsmith's apprentice. (c) An itinerant
jeweler. "I know him not: he looks like a gold-end man." B. Jonson. --
Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting. -- Gold field, a region
in which are deposits of gold. -- Gold finder. (a) One who finds gold.
(b) One who empties privies. [Obs. & Low] Swift. -- Gold flower, a
composite plant with dry and persistent yellow radiating involucral
scales, the Helichrysum St\'d2chas of Southern Europe. There are many
South African species of the same genus. -- Gold foil, thin sheets of
gold, as used by dentists and others. See Gold leaf. -- Gold knobs OR
knoppes (Bot.), buttercups. -- Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold
thread. -- Gold latten, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal. -- Gold
leaf, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used for
gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil. -- Gold lode
(Mining), a gold vein. -- Gold mine, a place where gold is obtained by
mining operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is
extracted by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above). -- Gold nugget, a
lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; -- called also a
pepito. -- Gold paint. See Gold shell. -- Gold OR Golden, pheasant.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Pheasant. -- Gold plate, a general name for
vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold.<-- now usu.
referring to objects made of a base metal with a layer of gold on the
surface. --> -- Gold of pleasure. [Name perhaps translated from Sp.
oro-de-alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Camelina, bearing yellow
flowers. C. sativa is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds.
-- Gold shell. (a) A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground
up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called
also gold paint. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A bivalve shell (Anomia glabra) of the
Atlantic coast; -- called also jingle shell and silver shell. See
Anomia. -- Gold size, a composition used in applying gold leaf. --
Gold solder, a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of gold,
two of silver, and four of copper. -- Gold stick, the colonel of a
regiment of English lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state
occasions; -- so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the
sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment.
[Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A thread formed by twisting flatted gold
over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold. Ure.
(b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant (Coptis trifolia), so called from
its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in marshy places in the United
States. -- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread.
-- Gold tooling, the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book
covers, or the ornamental impression so made. -- Gold washings, places
where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by
washing. -- Gold worm, a glowworm. [Obs.] -- Jeweler's gold, an alloy
containing three parts of gold to one of copper.<-- 18K gold --> --
Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 637
Gold-beaten
Gold"-beat`en (?), a. Gilded. [Obs.]
Gold-beating
Gold"-beat`ing (?), n. The art or process of reducing gold to
extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer. Ure.
Gold-bound
Gold"-bound` (?), a. Encompassed with gold.
Goldcrest
Gold"crest` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European golden-crested kinglet
(Regulus cristatus, or R. regulus); -- called also golden-crested
wren, and golden wren. The name is also sometimes applied to the
American golden-crested kinglet. See Kinglet.
Goldcup
Gold"cup` (?), n. (Bot.) The cuckoobud.
Golden
Gold"en (?), a. [OE. golden; cf. OE. gulden, AS. gylden, from gold.
See Gold, and cf. Guilder.]
1. Made of gold; consisting of gold.
2. Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain.
3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious;
as, golden opinions.
Golden age. (a) The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of
manners in rural employments, followed by the silver, bronze, and iron
ages. Dryden. (b) (Roman Literature) The best part (B. C. 81 -- A. D.
14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when Cicero,
C\'91sar, Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence: (c) That period in the history
of a literature, etc., when it flourishes in its greatest purity or
attains its greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been
considered the golden age of English literature. -- Golden balls,
three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or shop; --
originally taken from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money
lenders in London having been Lombards. -- Golden bull. See under
Bull, an edict. -- Golden chain (Bot.), the shrub Cytisus Laburnum, so
named from its long clusters of yellow blossoms. -- Golden club
(Bot.), an aquatic plant (Orontium aquaticum), bearing a thick spike
of minute yellow flowers. -- Golden cup (Bot.), the buttercup. --
Golden eagle (Zo\'94l.), a large and powerful eagle (Aquila
Chrysa\'89tos) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so
called from the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and
neck. A dark variety is called the royal eagle; the young in the
second year is the ring-tailed eagle. -- Golden fleece. (a) (Mythol.)
The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from the ram that bore
Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of which Jason
undertook the Argonautic expedition. (b) (Her.) An order of knighthood
instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; -- called
also Toison d'Or. -- Golden grease, a bribe; a fee. [Slang] -- Golden
hair (Bot.), a South African shrubby composite plant with golden
yellow flowers, the Chrysocoma Coma-aurea. -- Golden Horde (Hist.), a
tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran and settled in Southern Russia
early in the 18th century. -- Golden Legend, a hagiology (the "Aurea
Legenda") written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the
13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and partially
paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus entitled. -- Golden marcasite
tin. [Obs.] -- Golden mean, the way of wisdom and safety between
extremes; sufficiency without excess; moderation.
Angels guard him in the golden mean. Pope.
-- Golden mole (Zo\'94l), one of several South African Insectivora of
the family Chrysochlorid\'91, resembling moles in form and habits. The
fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold. -- Golden number
(Chronol.), a number showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle.
It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly
been written in the calendar in gold. -- Golden oriole. (Zo\'94l.) See
Oriole. -- Golden pheasant. See under Pheasant. -- Golden pippin, a
kind of apple, of a bright yellow color. -- Golden plover (Zo\'94l.),
one of several species of plovers, of the genus Charadrius, esp. the
European (C. apricarius, or pluvialis; -- called also yellow,
black-breasted hill, AND whistling, plover. The common American
species (C. dominicus) is also called frostbird, and bullhead. --
Golden robin. (Zo\'94l.) See Baltimore oriole, in Vocab. -- Golden
rose (R. C. Ch.), a gold or gilded rose blessed by the pope on the
fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person in
recognition of special services rendered to the Holy See. -- Golden
rule. (a) The rule of doing as we would have others do to us. Cf. Luke
vi. 31. (b) The rule of proportion, or rule of three. -- Golden
samphire (Bot.), a composite plant (Inula crithmoides), found on the
seashore of Europe. -- Golden saxifrage (Bot.), a low herb with yellow
flowers (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium), blossoming in wet places in
early spring. -- Golden seal (Bot.), a perennial ranunculaceous herb
(Hydrastis Canadensis), with a thick knotted rootstock and large
rounded leaves. -- Golden sulphide, OR sulphuret, of antimony (Chem.),
the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or orange yellow powder. --
Golden warbler (Zo\'94l.), a common American wood warbler (Dendroica
\'91stiva); -- called also blue-eyed yellow warbler, garden warbler,
and summer yellow bird. -- Golden wasp (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored
hymenopterous insect, of the family Chrysidid\'91. The colors are
golden, blue, and green. -- Golden wedding. See under Wedding.
Golden-eye
Gold"en-eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A duck (Glaucionetta clangula), found
in Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The American variety (var.
Americana) is larger. Called whistler, garrot, gowdy, pied widgeon,
whiteside, curre, and doucker. Barrow's golden-eye of America (G.
Islandica) is less common.
Goden ly
God"en *ly, adv. In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly;
delightfully. [Obs.] Shak.
Golden-rod
Gold"en-rod` (?), n. (Bot.) A tall herb (Solidago Virga-aurea),
bearing yellow flowers in a graceful elongated cluster. The name is
common to all the species of the genus Solidago. Golden-rod tree
(Bot.), a shrub (Bosea Yervamora), a native of the Canary Isles.
Goldfinch
Gold"finch` (?), n. [AS. goldfinc. See Gold, and Finch.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A beautiful bright-colored European finch (Carduelis elegans). The
name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of
the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings
and tail, black; -- called also goldspink, goldie, fool's coat,
drawbird, draw-water, thistle finch, and sweet William. (b) The
yellow-hammer. (c) A small American finch (Spinus tristis); the
thistle bird.
NOTE: &hand; The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp.
to several additional American species of Spinus.
Goldfinny
Gold"fin`ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of two or more species of European
labroid fishes (Crenilabrus melops, and Ctenolabrus rupestris); --
called also goldsinny, and goldney.
Goldfish
Gold"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish
(Carassius auratus); -- so named from its color. It is native of
China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is
often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many
varieties are known. Called also golden fish, and golden carp. See
Telescope fish, under Telescope. (b) A California marine fish of an
orange or red color; the garibaldi.
Gold-hammer
Gold"-ham`mer (?), n. The yellow-hammer.
Goldie
Gold"ie (?), n. [From Gold.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European goldfinch.
(b) The yellow-hammer.
Goldilocks
Gold"i*locks` (?), n. Same as Goldylocks.
Goldin, Golding
Gold"in (?), Gold"ing (?), n. (Bot.) [From the golden color of the
blossoms.] A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold
(Chrysanthemum segetum). [This word is variously corrupted into
gouland, gools, gowan, etc.]
Goldless
Gold"less (?), a. Destitute of gold.
Goldney
Gold"ney (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gilthead.
Goldseed
Gold"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) Dog's-tail grass.
Goldsinny
Gold"sin`ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Goldfinny.
Goldsmith
Gold"smith` (?), n. [AS. goldsmiGold., and Smith.]
1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold.
2. A banker. [Obs.]
NOTE: &hand; Th e go ldsmiths of London formerly received money on
deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely.
Goldsmith beetle (Zo\'94l.), a large, bright yellow, American beetle
(Cotalpa lanigera), of the family Scarab\'91id\'91
Goldtit
Gold"tit` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Verdin.
Goldylocks
Gold"y*locks` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus
Chrysocoma; -- so called from the tufts of yellow flowers which
terminate the stems; also, the Ranunculus auricomus, a kind of
buttercup.
Golet
Go"let (?), n. The gullet. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Golet
Go"let, n. (Zo\'94l.) A California trout. See Malma.
Golf
Golf (?), n. [D. kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an
inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben club, but end,
Icel. k tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. kolf bolt, dart, but end, Dan.
kolv bolt, arrow. Cf. Club, Globe.] A game played with a small ball
and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball
into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into
the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.] Strutt.
Golfer
Golf"er (?), n. One who plays golf. [Scot.]
Golgotha
Gol"go*tha (?), n. Calvary. See the Note under Calvary.
Goliard
Gol"iard (?), n. [From OF. goliart glutton, buffoon, riotous student,
Goliard, LL. goliardus, prob. fr. L. gula throat. Cf. Gules.] A
buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to make
sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.
Goliardery
Gol"iard*er*y (?), n. The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards.
Milman.
Goliath beetle
Go*li"ath bee"tle (?). [From Goliath, the Philistine giant.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Goliathus, a genus of very large and
handsome African beetles.
Goll
Goll (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hand, paw, or claw. [Obs.] Sir P.
Sidney. B. Jonson.
Goloe-shoe
Go*loe"-shoe` (?), n. A galoche.
Golore
Go*lore" (?), n. See Galore.
Goloshe
Go*loshe" (?), n. See Galoche.
Goltschut
Golt"schut (?), n.
1. A small ingot of gold.
2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.
Golyardeys
Gol"yard*eys (?), n. A buffoon. See Gollard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goman
Go"man (?), n. [Prob. fr. good man; but cf. also AS. gumman a man,
OHG. gomman man, husband.] A husband; a master of a family. [Obs.]
Gomarist, Gomarite
Go"mar*ist (?), Go"mar*ite (?), n. (Eccl.-Hist.) One of the followers
of Francis Gomar or Gomarus, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th
century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.
Gombo
Gom"bo (?), n. See Gumbo.
Gome
Gome (?), n. [AS. guma; akin to Goth. guma, L. homo. See Bridegroom.]
A man. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
Gome
Gome, n. [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.] The black grease on the axle of
a cart or wagon wheel; -- called also gorm. See Gorm. [Prov. Eng.]
Gomer
Go"mer (?), n. A Hebrew measure. See Homer.
Gomer
Go"mer, n. (Gun.) A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy
ordnance, especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor.
Gommelin
Gom"me*lin (?), n. [F. gommeline, from gomme gum.] (Chem.) See
Dextrin.
Gomphiasis
Gom*phi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the teeth,
which causes them to loosen and fall out of their sockets.
Gomphosis
Gom*pho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gomphose.] (Anat.) A form of union
or immovable articulation where a hard part is received into the
cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.
Gomuti
Go*mu"ti (?), n. [Malayan gumuti.] A black, fibrous substance
resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds of
palms, Metroxylon Sagu, and Arenga saccharifera, of the Indian
islands. It is used for making cordage. Called also ejoo.
Gon
Gon (?), imp. & p. p. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gonad
Gon"ad (?), n.; pl. Gonads (#). [Gr. (Anat.) One of the masses of
generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to
either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland.
Wiedersheim.
Gonakie
Go"na*kie (?), n. (Bot.) An African timber tree (Acacia Adansonii).
Gonangium
Go`nan*gi"um (?), n.; pl. L. Gonangia (#), E. Gonangiums (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Gonotheca.
Gondola
Gon"do*la (?), n. [It., dim. of gonda a gondola; cf. LL. gandeia a
kind of boat, Gr. gondole gondola, cup.]
1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals
of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who
stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a
small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or
rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be
painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.
2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.]
3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides,
used on railroads. [U. S.]
Gondolet
Gon"do*let (?), n. [It. gondoletta, dim. of gondola.] A small gondola.
T. Moore.
Gondolier
Gon`do*lier" (?), n. [It. gondoliere: cf. F. gondolier.] A man who
rows a gondola.
Gone
Gone (?), p. p. of Go.
Goneness
Gone"ness, n. A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as
resulting from hunger. [Colloq. U. S.]
Gonfalon, Gonfanon
Gon"fa*lon (?), Gon"fa*non (?), n. [OE. gonfanoun, OF. gonfanon, F.
gonfalon, the same word as F. confalon, name of a religious
brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war flag; gund war (used in comp., and
akin to AS. g\'d4\'eb) + fano cloth, flag; akin to E. vane; cf. AS.
g\'d4\'ebfana. See Vane, and cf. Confalon.]
1. The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states, such as
the medi\'91val republics of Italy, and in more recent times by the
pope.
2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece or
frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself.
Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear, Stream in the air.
Milton.
______________________________________________________________
Page 638
Gonfalonier
Gon`fa*lon*ier" (?), n. [F. gonfalonier: cf. It. gonfaloniere.] He
who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer; as: (a) An officer at
Rome who bears the standard of the Church. (b) The chief magistrate
of any one of several republics in medi\'91veal Italy. (c) A
Turkish general, and standard keeper.
Gong
Gong (?), n. [AS. gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See Gang.] A
privy or jakes. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gong farmer, Gong man, a cleaner of privies. [Obs.]
Gong
Gong, n.
1. [Malayan (Jav.) g&omac;ng.] An instrument, first used in the East,
made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk with upturned
rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and resounding noise.
O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong. Longfellow.
2. (Mach.) A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small
hammer which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a
stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; -- called also gong
bell.
Gong metal, an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from which
Oriental gongs are made.
Goniatite
Go"ni*a*tite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) One of an extinct genus of fossil
cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in
the Devonian formation, the latest, in the Triassic.
Gonidial
Go*nid"i*al (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.
Gonidial
Go*nid"i*al, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the angles of the
mouth; as, a gonidial groove of an actinian.
Gonidium
Go*nid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zool.) A special groove or furrow
at one or both angles of the mouth of many Anthozoa.
Gonidium
Go*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Gonidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A component
cell of the yellowish green layer in certain lichens.
Gonimia
Go*nim"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) Bluish green granules
which occur in certain lichens, as Collema, Peltigera, etc., and which
replace the more usual gonidia.
Gonimous
Gon"i*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or
gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or
chlorophyll-bearing cells.
Goniometer
Go`ni*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. goniom\'8atre.] An
instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or
the inclination of planes. Contact, OR Hand, goniometer, a goniometer
having two movable arms (ab, cd), between which (at ab) the faces of
the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed point, which is
the center of the graduated circle or semicircle upon which the angle
is read off. -- Reflecting goniometer, an instrument for measuring the
angles of crystals by determining through what angular space the
crystal must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces
successively shall have the same direction; -- called also Wollaston's
goniometer, from the inventor.
Goniometric, Goniometrical
Go`ni*o*met"ric (?), Go`ni*o*met"ric*al (, a. Pertaining to, or
determined by means of, a goniometer; trigonometric.
Goniometry
Go`ni*om"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. goniom\'82trie.] (Math.) The art of
measuring angles; trigonometry.
Gonoblastid
Gon`o*blas"tid (?), n. [See Gonoblastidium.] (Zo\'94l.) A reproductive
bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.
Gonoblastidium
Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gonoblastidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A blastostyle.
Gonocalyx
Gon`o*ca"lyx (?), n. [Gr. calyx,] (Zo\'94l.) The bell of a sessile
gonozooid.
Gonochorism
Gon`o*cho"rism (?), n. [Gr. (a) Separation of the sexes in different
individuals; -- opposed to hermaphroditism. (b) In ontogony,
differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos having the
same rudimentary sexual organs. (c) In phylogeny, the evolution of
distinct sexes in species previously hermaphrodite or sexless.
Gonococcus
Gon`o*coc"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. coccus.] (Med.) A vegetable
micro\'94rganism of the genus Micrococcus, occurring in the secretion
in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to constitute the cause of this
disease.<-- now Neisseria gonnorrhoeae -->
Gonoph
Gon"oph (?), n. [Perh. fr. Heb. gann\'bebh thief.] A pickpocket or
thief. [Eng. Slang]<-- also ganef, gonif, goniff --> Dickens.
Gonophore
Gon"o*phore (?), n. [Gr.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a
hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining
attached. See Hydroidea, and Illusts. of Athecata, Campanularian, and
Gonosome.
2. (Bot.) A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in
a conspicuous manner.
Gonorrhea, Gonorrh\'d2a
Gon`or*rhe"a, Gon`or*rh\'d2"a (?), n. [L. gonorrhoea, Gr.
gonorrh\'82e.] (Med.) A contagious inflammatory disease of the
genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and
characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and
chordee; clap.
Gonorrheal, Gonorrh\'d2al
Gon`or*rhe"al, Gon`or*rh\'d2"al (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to
gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism.
Gonosome
Gon"o*some (?), n. [Gr. -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The reproductive
zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.
Gonotheca
Gon`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gonothec (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
capsule developed on certain hydroids (Thecaphora), inclosing the
blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are developed;
-- called also gonangium, and teleophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust.
of Campanularian.
Gonozooid
Gon`o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. zooid.] (Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid, or
medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust. of
Campanularian.
Gonydial
Go*nyd"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's
beak.
Gonys
Go"nys (?), n. [Cf. Genys.] (Zo\'94l.) The keel or lower outline of a
bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are united.
Goober
Goo"ber (?), n. A peanut. [Southern U. S.]
Good
Good (?), a. [Compar. Better (?); superl. Best (?). These words,
though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a
different root.] [AS. G&omac;d, akin to D. goed, OS. g&omac;d, OHG.
guot, G. gut, Icel. g&omac;&edh;r, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth. g&omac;ds;
prob. orig., fitting, belonging together, and akin to E. gather.
&root;29 Cf. Gather.]
1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed;
promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit;
excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious,
offensive, or troublesome, etc.
And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very
good. Gen. i. 31.
Good company, good wine, good welcome. Shak.
2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious;
-- said of persons or actions.
In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works. Tit. ii. 7.
3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious;
friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by to or toward, also
formerly by unto.
The men were very good unto us. 1 Sam. xxv. 15.
4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon;
-- followed especially by for.
All quality that is good for anything is founded originally in
merit. Collier.
5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed especially
by at.
He . . . is a good workman; a very good tailor. Shak.
Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing
else. South.
6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in a
commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of obligations
incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit.
My reasons are both good and weighty. Shak.
My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that he is
sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond. Shak.
7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in good earnest; in good
sooth.
Love no man in good earnest. Shak.
8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in
the phrases a good deal, a good way, a good degree, a good share or
part, etc.
9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.
Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over.
Luke vi. 38.
10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the
phrases a good name, a good report, good repute, etc.
A good name is better than precious ointment. Eccl. vii. 1.
As good as. See under As. -- For good, OR For good and all, completely
and finally; fully; truly.
The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good
and all. L'Estrange.
-- Good breeding, polite or polished manners, formed by education; a
polite education.
Distinguished by good humor and good breeding. Macaulay.
-- Good cheap, literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap. -- Good
consideration (Law). (a) A consideration of blood or of natural love
and affection. Blackstone. (b) A valuable consideration, or one which
will sustain a contract. -- Good fellow, a person of companionable
qualities. [Familiar] -- Good folk, or Good people, fairies; brownies;
pixies, etc. [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.] -- Good for nothing. (a) Of no
value; useless; worthless. (b) Used substantively, an idle, worthless
person.
My father always said I was born to be a good for nothing. Ld.
Lytton.
-- Good Friday, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a
fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the anniversary
of the crucifixion. -- Good humor, OR Good-humor, a cheerful or
pleasant temper or state of mind. -- Good nature, OR Good-nature,
habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition; amiability;
state of being in good humor.
The good nature and generosity which belonged to his character.
Macaulay.
The young count's good nature and easy persuadability were among
his best characteristics. Hawthorne.
-- Good people. See Good folk (above). -- Good speed, good luck; good
success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See Speed. --
Good turn, an act of kidness; a favor. -- Good will. (a) Benevolence;
well wishing; kindly feeling. (b) (Law) The custom of any trade or
business; the tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and
others, to resort to an established place of business; the advantage
accruing from tendency or inclination.
The good will of a trade is nothing more than the probability that
the old customers will resort to the old place. Lord Eldon.
-- In good time. (a) Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon
nor too late. (b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper time. -- To hold good,
to remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain in force or
effect; as, his promise holds good; the condition still holds good. --
To make good, to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a
defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an
accusation); to prove to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate.
Each word made good and true. Shak.
Of no power to make his wishes good. Shak.
I . . . would by combat make her good. Shak.
Convenient numbers to make good the city. Shak.
-- To think good, to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to
consider expedient or proper.
If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear. Zech. xi.
12.
NOTE: &hand; Go od, in th e sense of wishing well, is much used in
greeting and leave-taking; as, good day, good night, good evening,
good morning, etc.
Good
Good (?), n.
1. That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success,
welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind,
benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to evil.
There be many that say, Who will show us any good ? Ps. iv. 6.
2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity;
advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm, etc.
The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing
the good of each of the members composing it. Jay.
3. pl. Wares; commodities; chattels; -- formerly used in the singular
in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all
personal property as distinguished from land or real property.
Wharton.
He hath made us spend much good. Chaucer.
Thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the
state of Venice. Shak.
Dress goods, Dry goods, etc. See in the Vocabulary. -- Goods engine, a
freight locomotive. [Eng.] -- Goods train, a freight train. [Eng.] --
Goods wagon, a freight car [Eng.] See the Note under Car, n., 2.
Good
Good, adv. Well, -- especially in the phrase as good, with a following
as expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as
little harm as possible.
As good almost kill a man as kill a good book. Milton.
As good as, in effect; virtually; the same as.
They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as good as bid ye
suppress yourselves. Milton.
Good
Good, v. t.
1. To make good; to turn to good. [Obs.]
2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Good-by, Good-bye
Good`-by", Good`-bye" (?), n. OR interj. [A contraction of God be with
ye (God be w&icr; ye, God bw' ye, God bwye).] Farewell; a form of
address used at parting. See the last Note under By, prep. Shak.
Good-den
Good`-den" (?), interj. [Corrupt. of good e'en, for good evening.] A
form of salutation. [Obs.] Shak.
Good-fellowship
Good`-fel"low*ship (?), n. Agreeable companionship; companionableness.
Goodgeon
Good"geon (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Gudgeon, 5.
Good-humored
Good`-hu"mored (?), a. Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor;
good-tempered. See Good-natured.
Good-humoredly
Good`-hu"mored*ly, adv. With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or
good-tempered manner.
Goodish
Good"ish (?), a. Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad;
tolerable.
Goodish pictures in rich frames. Walpole.
Goodless
Good"less, a. Having no goods. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goodlich
Good"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goodliness
Good"li*ness (?), n. [From Goodly.] Beauty of form; grace; elegance;
comeliness.
Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes. Sir P. Sidney.
Good-looking
Good"-look`ing (?), a. Handsome.
Goodly
Good"ly, adv. Excellently. [Obs.] Spenser.
Goodly
Good"ly, a. [Compar. Goodlier (?); superl. Goodliest.] [OE. godlich,
AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.
We have many goodly days to see. Shak.
2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as, a goodly
person; goodly raiment, houses.
The goodliest man of men since born. Milton.
3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a goodly number.
Goodly and great he sails behind his link. Dryden.
Goodlyhead, Goodlyhood
Good"ly*head (?), Good"ly*hood (?) n. Goodness; grace; goodliness.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Goodman
Good"man (?), n. [Good + man]
1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to "My friend",
"Good sir", "Mister;" -- sometimes used ironically. [Obs.]
With you, goodman boy, an you please. Shak.
2. A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used in
speaking familiarly. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is the
guest-chamber ? Mark xiv. 14.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 639
NOTE: &hand; In the early colonial records of New England, the term
goodman is frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in
a respectful manner, to denote a person whose first name was not
known, or when it was not desired to use that name; in this use it
was nearly equivalent to Mr. This use was doubtless brought with
the first settlers from England.
Good-natured
Good`-na"tured (?), a. Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.
Syn. -- Good-natured, Good-tempered, Good-humored. Good-natured
denotes a disposition to please and be pleased. Good-tempered denotes
a habit of mind which is not easily ruffied by provocations or other
disturbing influences. Good-humored is applied to a spirit full of
ease and cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in
social intercourse. A good-natured man recommends himself to all by
the spirit which governs him. A good-humored man recommends himself
particularly as a companion. A good-tempered man is rarely betrayed
into anything which can disturb the serenity of the social circle.
Good-naturedly
Good`-na"tured*ly, adv. With maldness of temper.
Goodness
Good"ness (?), n. [AS. g.] The quality of being good in any of its
various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the
goodness of timber, of a soil, of food; goodness of character, of
disposition, of conduct, etc.
Good now
Good" now" (?). An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty.
[Obs.] Shak.
Goods
Goods (?), n. pl. See Good, n., 3.
Goodship
Good"ship, n. Favor; grace. [Obs.] Gower.
Good-tempered
Good`-tem"pered (?), a. Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See
Good-natured.
Goodwife
Good"wife` (?), n. The mistress of a house. [Archaic] Robynson (More's
Utopia).
Goody
Good"y (?), n.; pl. Goodies (.
1. A bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the pl. [Colloq.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish; the lafayette or spot.
Goody
Good"y, n.; pl. Goodies (#). [Prob. contr. from goodwife.] Goodwife;
-- a low term of civility or sport.
Gode-year
Gode"-year (?), n. [See Goujere.] The venereal disease; -- often used
as a mild oath. [Obs.] Shak.
Goody-goody
Good"y-good`y, a. Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with
silliness. [Colloq.]
Goodyship
Good"y*ship, n. The state or quality of a goody or goodwife [Jocose]
Hudibraus.
Gooroo, Guru
Goo*roo", Gu*ru" (, n. [Hind. gur a spiritual parent or teacher, Skr.
guru heavy, noble, venerable, teacher. Cf. Grief.] A spiritual
teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos. Malcom.
Goosander
Goos"an`der (?), n. [OE. gossander, a tautological word formed fr.
goose + gander. Cf. Merganser.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of merganser (M.
merganser) of Northern Europe and America; -- called also merganser,
dundiver, sawbill, sawneb, shelduck, and sheldrake. See Merganser.
Goose
Goose (?), n.; pl. Geese (#). [OE. gos, AS. g, pl. g; akin to D. & G.
gans, Icel. g\'bes, Dan. gaas, Sw. g, Russ. guse. OIr. geiss, L.
anser, for hanser, Gr. hamsa. &root;233. Cf. Gander, Gannet, Ganza,
Gosling.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily Anserin\'91, and
belonging to Anser, Branta, Chen, and several allied genera. See
Anseres.
NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon do mestic go ose is believed to have been
derived from the European graylag goose (Anser anser). The bean
goose (A. segetum), the American wild or Canada goose (Branta
Canadensis), and the bernicle goose (Branta leucopsis) are well
known species. The American white or snow geese and the blue goose
belong to the genus Chen. See Bernicle, Emperor goose, under
Emperor, Snow goose, Wild goose, Brant.
2. Any large bird of other related families, resembling the common
goose.
NOTE: &hand; The Egyptian or fox goose (Alopochen \'92gyptiaca) and
the African spur-winged geese (Plectropterus) belong to the family
Plectropterid\'91. The Australian semipalmated goose (Anseranas
semipalmata) and Cape Barren goose (Cereopsis Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91)
are very different from northern geese, and each is made the type
of a distinct family. Both are domesticated in Australia.
3. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle, which
resembles the neck of a goose.
4. A silly creature; a simpleton.
5. A game played with counters on a board divided into compartments,
in some of which a goose was depicted.
The pictures placed for ornament and use, The twelve good rules,
the royal game of goose. Goldsmith.
A wild goose chase, an attempt to accomplish something impossible or
unlikely of attainment. -- Fen goose. See under Fen. -- Goose barnacle
(Zo\'94l.), any pedunculated barnacle of the genus Anatifa or Lepas;
-- called also duck barnacle. See Barnacle, and Cirripedia. -- Goose
cap, a silly person. [Obs.] Beau. & . -- Goose corn (Bot.), a coarse
kind of rush (Juncus squarrosus). -- Goose feast, Michaelmas. [Colloq.
Eng.] -- Goose flesh, a peculiar roughness of the skin produced by
cold or fear; -- called also goose skin.<-- and goose pimples and
goose bumps --> -- Goose grass. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Galium
(G. Aparine), a favorite food of geese; -- called also catchweed and
cleavers. (b) A species of knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare). (c) The
annual spear grass (Poa annua). -- Goose neck, anything, as a rod of
iron or a pipe, curved like the neck of a goose; specially (Naut.), an
iron hook connecting a spar with a mast. -- Goose quill, a large
feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen made from it. -- Goose skin.
See Goose flesh, above. -- Goose tongue (Bot.), a composite plant
(Achillea ptarmica), growing wild in the British islands. -- Sea
goose. (Zo\'94l.) See Phalarope. -- Solan goose. (Zo\'94l.) See
Gannet.
Gooseberry
Goose"ber*ry (?), n.; pl. Gooseberries (#), [Corrupted for groseberry
or groiseberry, fr. OF. groisele, F. groseille, -- of German origin;
cf. G. krausbeere, kr\'84uselbeere (fr. kraus crisp), D. kruisbes,
kruisbezie (as if crossberry, fr. kruis cross; for kroesbes,
kroesbezie, fr. kroes crisp), Sw. krusb\'84r (fr. krus, krusing,
crisp). The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. curl. Cf.
Grossular, a.]
1. (Bot.) Any thorny shrub of the genus Ribes; also, the edible
berries of such shrub. There are several species, of which Ribes
Grossularia is the one commonly cultivated.
2. A silly person; a goose cap. Goldsmith.
Barbadoes gooseberry, a climbing prickly shrub (Pereskia aculeata) of
the West Indies, which bears edible berries resembling gooseberries.
-- Coromandel gooseberry. See Carambola. -- Gooseberry fool. See lst
Fool. -- Gooseberry worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a small moth
(Dakruma convolutella). It destroys the gooseberry by eating the
interior.
Goosefish
Goose"fish` (?), n. (Z\'94ll.) See Angler.
Goosefoot
Goose"foot` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of herbs (Chenopodium) mostly
annual weeds; pigweed.
Goosery
Goos"er*y (?), n.; pl. Gooseries (.
1. A place for keeping geese.
2. The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness.
The finical goosery of your neat sermon actor. Milton.
Goosewing
Goose"wing` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the clews or lower corners of a
course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail is
furled.
Goosewinged
Goose"winged` (?), a. (Naut.) (a) Having a "goosewing." (b) Said of a
fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail
on the other; wing and wing.
Goosish
Goos"ish, a. Like a goose; foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goost
Goost (?), n. Ghost; spirit. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goot
Goot (?), n. A goat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Go-out
Go"-out` (?), n. A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting
out the land waters, when the tide is out. [Written also gowt.]
Gopher
Go"pher (?), n. [F. gaufre waffle, honeycomb. See Gauffer.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera
Geomys and Thomomys, of the family Geomyid\'91; -- called also pocket
gopher and pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan.
NOTE: &hand; Th e na me wa s originally given by French settlers to
many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth.
2. One of several western American species of the genus Spermophilus,
of the family Sciurid\'91; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus
Franklini) and the striped gopher (S. tridecemlineatus); -- called
also striped prairie squirrel, leopard marmot, and leopard
spermophile. See Spermophile.
3. A large land tortoise (Testudo Carilina) of the Southern United
States, which makes extensive burrows.
4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes Couperi) of the Southern United
States.
Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift, following or
seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section. Raymond.
Gopher wood
Go"pher wood` (?). [Heb. g&omac;pher.] A species of wood used in the
construction of Noah's ark. Gen. vi. 14.
Goracco
Go*rac"co (?), n. A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs
in Western India.
Goral
Go"ral (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Indian goat antelope (Nemorhedus goral),
resembling the chamois.
Goramy
Go"ra*my (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gourami.
Gor-bellied
Gor"-bel`lied (?), a. Bog-bellied. [Obs.]
Gor-belly
Gor"-bel`ly, n. [Gore filth, dirt + belly.] A prominent belly; a
big-bellied person. [Obs.]
Gorce
Gorce (?), n. [OF. gort, nom. gorz, gulf, L. gurges whirlpool, gulf,
stream. See Gorge.] A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear. [Obs.]
<-- "wear" here is in the sense of "weir". But why the less-common
word? -->
Gorcock
Gor"cock` (?), n. [Prob. from gore blood.] (Zo\'94l.) The moor cock,
or red grouse. See Grouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorcrow
Gor"crow` (?), n. [AS. gor dung, dirt. See Gore blood, dirt.]
(Zo\'94l.) The carrion crow; -- called also gercrow. [Prov. Eng.]
Gord
Gord (?), n. [Written also gourd.] [Perh. hollow, and so named in
allusion to a gourd.] An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Gordiacea
Gor`di*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair eels (Gordius and
Mermis). See Gordius, and Illustration in Appendix.
Gordian
Gor"di*an (?), a.
1. Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by him;
hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable.
Gordian knot, an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which
connected the pole of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having
declared that he who should untie it should be master of Asia,
Alexander the Great averted the ill omen of his inability to loosen it
by cutting it with his sword. Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable
difficulty; and to cut the Gordian knot is to remove a difficulty by
bold and energetic measures.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gordiacea.
Gordian
Gor"di*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gordiacea.
Gordius
Gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of long,
slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near maturity,
when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which they deposit
their eggs; -- called also hair eel, hairworm, and hair snake, from
the absurd, but common and widely diffused, notion that they are
metamorphosed horsehairs.
Gore
Gore (?), n. [AS. gor dirt, dung; akin to Icel. gor, SW. gorr, OHG.
gor, and perh. to E. cord, chord, and yarn; cf. Icel. g\'94rn, garnir,
guts.]
1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.
2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or
clotted. Milton.
Gore
Gore, n. [OE. gore, gare, AS. g angular point of land, fr. g spear;
akin to D. geer gore, G. gehre gore, ger spear, Icel. geiri gore, geir
spear, and prob. to E. goad. Cf. Gar, n., Garlic, and Gore, v.]
1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed
into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular
part.
2. A small traingular piece of land. Cowell.
3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines,
meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point.
NOTE: &hand; It is us ually on th e si nister si de, an d of the
tincture called tenn\'82. Like the other abatements it is a modern
fancy and not actually used.
Gore
Gore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goring.] [OE. gar
spear, AS. g. See 2d Gore.] To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to
penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab.
The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet. Coleridge.
Gore
Gore, v. t. To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to
provide with a gore; as, to gore an apron.
Gorebill
Gore"bill` (?), n. [2d gore + bill.] (Zo\'94l.) The garfish. [Prov.
Eng.]
Gorfly
Gor"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gorflies (#). [Gore (AS. gor) dung + fly.]
(Zo\'94l.) A dung fly.
Gorge
Gorge (?), n. [F. gorge, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass, and gorga
abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. gurgea whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr.
gargara whirlpool, g\'f0 to devour. Cf. Gorget.]
1. The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to the
stomach.
Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great pain. Spenser.
Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it. Shak.
2. A narrow passage or entrance; as: (a) A defile between mountains.
(b) The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; -- usually
synonymous with rear. See Illust. of Bastion.
3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other
fowl.
And all the way, most like a brutish beast,< e spewed up his gorge,
that all did him detest. Spenser.
4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction; as,
an ice gorge in a river.
5. (Arch.) A concave molding; a cavetto. Gwilt.
6. (Naut.) The groove of a pulley.
Gorge circle (Gearing), the outline of the smallest cross section of a
hyperboloid of revolution. -- Gorge hook, two fishhooks, separated by
a piece of lead. Knight.
Gorge
Gorge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gorging (?).]
[F. gorger. See Gorge, n.]
1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large
mouthfuls or quantities.
The fish has gorged the hook. Johnson.
2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate.
The giant gorged with flesh. Addison.
Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite. Dryden.
Gorge
Gorge, v. i. To eat greedily and to satiety. Milton.
Gorged
Gorged (?), a.
1. Having a gorge or throat.
2. (Her.) Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck.
3. Glutted; fed to the full.
Gorgelet
Gor"ge*let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small gorget, as of a humming bird.
Gorgeous
Gor"geous (?), a. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious;
cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se
pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.] Imposing through splendid or
various colors; showy; fine; magnificent.
Cloud-land, gorgeous land. Coleridge.
Gogeous as the sun at midsummer. Shak.
-- Gor"geous*ly, adv. -- Gor"geous*ness, n.
Gorgerin
Gor`ge*rin" (?), n. [F., fr. gorge neck.] (Arch.) In some columns,
that part of the capital between the termination of the shaft and the
annulet of the echinus, or the space between two neck moldings; --
called also neck of the capital, and hypotrachelium. See Illust. of
Column.
Gorget
Gor"get (?), n. [OF. gorgete, dim. of gorge throat. See Gorge, n.]
1. A piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the
throat and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double
breastplate of the 14th century.
2. A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn over the
buff coat in the 17th century, and without other steel armor.
Unfix the gorget's iron clasp. Sir W. Scott.
3. A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of gilded
copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers in full uniform in
some modern armies.
4. A ruff worn by women. [Obs.]
5. (Surg.) (a) A cutting instrument used in lithotomy. (b) A grooved
instrunent used in performing various operations; -- called also blunt
gorget. Dunglison.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 640
6. (Zo\'94l.) A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of a bird
or mammal.
Gorget hummer (Zo\'94l.), a humming bird of the genus Trochilus. See
Rubythroat.
Gorgon
Gor"gon (?), n. [L. Gorgo, -onis, Gr.
1. (Gr. Myth.) One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and
Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom
turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to
Medusa.
2. Anything very ugly or horrid. Milton.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The brindled gnu. See Gnu.
Gorgon
Gor"gon, a. Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face.
Dryden.
Gorgonacea
Gor`go*na"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See Gorgoniacea.
Gorgonean
Gor*go"ne*an (?), a. See Gorgonian, 1.
Gorgoneion
Gor`go*ne"ion (?), n.; pl. Gorgoneia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Gorgo`neios,
equiv. to Gorgei^os belonging to a Gorgon.] (Arch.) A mask carved in
imitation of a Gorgon's head. Elmes.
Gorgonia
Gor*go"ni*a (?), n. [L., a coral which hardens in the air.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now restricted
to such species as the West Indian sea fan (Gorgonia flabellum), sea
plume (G. setosa), and other allied species having a flexible, horny
axis.
2. Any slender branched gorgonian.
Gorgoniacea
Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gorgonia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those forms which have a
firm and usually branched axis, covered with a porous crust, or c
NOTE: &hand; Th e ax is is commonly horny, but it may be solid and
stony (composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of
commerce, or it may be in alternating horny and stony joints, as in
Isis. See Alcyonaria, Anthozoa, C.
Gorgonian
Gor*go"ni*an (?), a. [L. Gorgoneus.]
1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into stone;
terrific.
The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move. Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; as, gorgonian coral.
Gorgonian
Gor*go"ni*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gorgoniacea.
Gorgonize
Gor"gon*ize (?), v. t. To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn
into stone; to petrify. [R.]
Gorhen
Gor"hen` (?), n. [Gor- as in gorcock + hen.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of
the gorcock.
Gorilla
Go*ril"la (?), n. [An African word; found in a Greek translation of a
treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.] (Zo\'94l.) A large,
arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man, and
is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles, which
give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy, more than
that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man.
Goring, or Goring cloth
Gor"ing (?), or Gor"ing cloth` (, n., (Naut.) A piece of canvas cut
obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.
Gorm
Gorm (?), n. Axle grease. See Gome. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorm
Gorm, v. t. To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with
anything sticky. [Prov. Eng.]
Gorma
Gor"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European cormorant.
Gormand
Gor"mand (?), n. [F. gourmand; cf. Prov. F. gourmer to sip, to lap,
gourmacher to eat improperly, F. gourme mumps, glanders, Icel. gormr
mud, mire, Prov. E. gorm to smear, daub; all perh. akin to E. gore
blood, filth. Cf. Gourmand.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a luxurious
feeder; a gourmand.
Gormand
Gor"mand, a. Gluttonous; voracious. Pope.
Gormander
Gor"mand*er (?), n. See Gormand, n. [Obs.]
Gormandism
Gor"mand*ism (?), n. Gluttony.
Gormandize
Gor"mand*ize (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Gormandized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Gormandizing (?).] [F. gourmandise gluttony. See Gormand.] To
eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a
glutton. Shak.
Gormandizer
Gor"mand*i`zer (?), n. A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a
glutton.
Goroon shell
Go*roon" shell` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsome, marine, univalve
shell (Triton femorale).
Gorse
Gorse (?), n. [OE. & AS. gorst; perh. akin to E. grow, grass.] (Bot.)
Furze. See Furze.
The common, overgrown with fern, and rough With prickly gorse.
Cowper.
Gorse bird (Zo\'94l.), the European linnet; -- called also gorse
hatcher. [Prov. Eng.] -- Gorse chat (Zo\'94l.), the winchat. -- Gorse
duck, the corncrake; -- called also grass drake, land drake, and corn
drake.
Gory
Gor"y (?), a. [From Gore.]
1. Covered with gore or clotted blood.
Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me.
Shak.
2. Bloody; murderous. "Gory emulation." Shak.
Goshawk
Gos"hawk` (?), n. [AS. g, lit., goosehawk; or Icel. g\'beshaukr. See
Goose, and Hawk the bird.] (Zo\'94l.) Any large hawk of the genus
Astur, of which many species and varieties are known. The European
(Astur palumbarius) and the American (A. atricapillus) are the best
known species. They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and
courage. The Australian goshawk (A. Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) is pure
white.
Gosherd
Gos"herd (?), n. [OE. gosherde. See Goose, and Herd a herdsman.] One
who takes care of geese.
Goslet
Gos"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of pygmy geese, of
the genus Nettepus. They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit
Africa, India, and Australia.
Gosling
Gos"ling (?), n. [AS. g goose + -ling.]
1. A young or unfledged goose.
2. A catkin on nut trees and pines. Bailey.
Gospel
Gos"pel (?), n. [OE. gospel, godspel, AS. godspell; god God + spell
story, tale. See God, and Spell, v.]
1. Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ, the
Kingdom of God, and salvation.
And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and
preaching the gospel of the kingdom. Matt. iv. 23.
The steadfast belief of the promises of the gospel. Bentley.
NOTE: &hand; It is probable that gospel is from. OE. godspel, God
story, the narrative concerning God; but it was early confused with
god spell, good story, good tidings, and was so used by the
translators of the Authorized version of Scripture. This use has
been retained in most cases in the Revised Version.
Thus the literal sense [of gospel] is the "narrative of God," i.
e., the life of Christ. Skeat.
2. One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ,
written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
3. A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a religious
service; as, the gospel for the day.
4. Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of
political doctrine or social philosophy; as, this political gospel.
Burke.
5. Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; as, they took
his words for gospel. [Colloq.]
If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only ask
him to read dipus, instead of taking the traditional witticisms
about Lee for gospel. Saintsbury.
Gospel
Gos"pel, a. Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical;
as, gospel righteousness. Bp. Warburton.
Gospel
Gos"pel, v. t. To instruct in the gospel. [Obs.] Shak.
Gospeler
Gos"pel*er (?), n. [AS. godspellere.] [Written also gospeller.]
1. One of the four evangelists. Rom. of R.
Mark the gospeler was the ghostly son of Peter in baptism. Wyclif.
2. A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious reformer; hence,
a Puritan. [Obs.] Latimer.
The persecution was carried on against the gospelers with much
fierceness by those of the Roman persuasion. Strype.
3. A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar during the
communion service.
The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being the
dean, and the gospeler the Bishop of Sydney. Pall Mall Gazette.
Gospelize
Gos"pel*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gospelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gospelizing (?).] [Written also gospellize.]
1. To form according to the gospel; as, a command gospelized to us.
Milton.
2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize the
savages. Boyle.
Goss
Goss (?), n. [See Gorse.] Gorse. [Obs.] Shak.
Gossamer
Gos"sa*mer (?), n. [OE. gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer, perh. for
goose summer, from its downy appearance, or perh. for God's summer,
cf. G. mariengarr gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the
Virgin Mary. Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer
was the remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from
her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of summer in the
sense of film or threads, cf. G. M\'84dchensommer, Altweibersommer,
fliegender Sommer, all meaning, gossamer.]
1. A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in
calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble
fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders.
2. Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof stuff.
3. An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer.
Gossamer spider (Zo\'94l.), any small or young spider which spins webs
by which to sail in the air. See Ballooning spider.
Gossamery
Gos"sa*mer*y (?), a. Like gossamer; flimsy.
The greatest master of gossamery affectation. De Quincey.
Gossan
Gos"san (?), n. (Geol.) Decomposed rock, usually reddish or
ferruginous (owing to oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a
metallic vein.
Gossaniferous
Gos`san*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gossan + -ferous.] Containing or producing
gossan.
Gossat
Gos"sat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small British marine fish (Motella
tricirrata); -- called also whistler and three-bearded rockling.
[Prov. Eng.]
Gossib
Gos"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
Gossip
Gos"sip (?), n. [OE. gossib, godsib, a relation or sponsor in baptism,
a relation by a religious obligation, AS. godsibb, fr. god + sib
alliance, relation; akin to G. sippe, Goth. sibja, and also to Skr.
sabh\'be assembly.]
1. A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.
Should a great lady that was invited to be a gossip, in her place
send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill taken. Selden.
2. A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary
acquaintance. [Obs.]
My noble gossips, ye have been too prodigal. Shak.
3. One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle
tattler.
The common chat of gossips when they meet. Dryden.
4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.
Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and spite. Tennyson.
Gossip
Gos"sip, v. t. To stand sponsor to. [Obs.] Shak.
Gossip
Gos"sip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gossiped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gossiping.]
1. To make merry. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To prate; to chat; to talk much. Shak.
3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.
Gossiper
Gos"sip*er (?), n. One given to gossip. Beaconsfield.
Gossiprede
Gos"sip*rede (?), n. [Cf. Kindred.] The relationship between a person
and his sponsors. [Obs.]
Gossipry
Gos"sip*ry (?), n.
1. Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special intimacy.
Bale.
2. Idle talk; gossip. Mrs. Browning.
Gossipy
Gos"sip*y (?), a. Full of, or given to, gossip.
Gossoon
Gos*soon" (?), n. [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F. gar\'87on, OF.
gars.] A boy; a servant. [Ireland]
Gossypium
Gos*syp"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.] (Bot.) A
genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are
much confused. G. herbaceum is the name given to the common cotton
plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by G.
Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides
these.
Got
Got (?), imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get.
Gote
Gote (?), n. [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to giessen to
pour, shed, AS. ge\'a2tan, and E. fuse to melt.] A channel for water.
[Prov. Eng.] Crose.
Goter
Go"ter (?), n. a gutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Goth
Goth (?), n. [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr.
1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the
Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who
overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire.
NOTE: &hand; Un der th e re ign of Valens, they took possession of
Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came
to be known as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths;
the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube,
and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took
possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called
Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time
unknown to history, are sometimes styled Suiogoths.
2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant
person. Chesterfield.
Gothamist
Go"tham*ist (?), n. A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so
called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some
pleasant blunders. Bp. Morton.
Gothamite
Go"tham*ite (?), n.
1. A gothamist.
2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] Irving.
Gothic
Goth"ic (?), a. [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]
1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous.
2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed
arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces,
and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions --
prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust.
of Abacus, and Capital.
Gothic
Goth"ic, n.
1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of
the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth.
NOTE: &hand; Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible
into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of
this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary
document in any Teutonic language.
2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.
NOTE: &hand; This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.
3. (Arch.) The style described in Gothic, a., 2.
Gothicism
Goth"i*cism (?), n.
1. A Gothic idiom.
2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.
3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.
Gothicize
Goth"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gothicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gothicizing (?).] To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.
G\'94thite, or Goethite
G\'94"thite, or Goe"thite (, n. [After the poet G\'94the.] (Min.) A
hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive,
with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies
from yellowish to blackish brown.
Gotten
Got"ten (?), p. p. of Get.
Gouache
Gouache (?), n. [F., It. guazzo.] A method of painting with opaque
colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation
of gum; also, a picture thus painted.
Goud
Goud (?), n. [Cf. OF. gaide, F. gu\'8ade, fr. OHG. weit; or cf. F.
gaude weld. Cf. Woad.] Woad. [Obs.]
Goudron
Gou`dron" (?), n. [F., tar.] (Mil.) a small fascine or fagot, steeped
in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting
buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts. Farrow.
Gouge
Gouge (?), n. [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia, gulvium;
cf. Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]
1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or
cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar
instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.
2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face
which forms a curve.
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Page 641
3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes,
etc.. from leather, paper, etc. Knight.
4. (Mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein aud the
solid vein. Raymond.
5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove
or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.
6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish
person. [Slang, U. S.]
Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.
Bouge
Bouge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging
(?).]
1. To scoop out with a gouge.
2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye
of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.]
NOTE: &hand; A ba rbarity me ntioned by some travelers as formerly
practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the
United States.
3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]
Gouger
Gou"ger (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Plum Gouger.
Gougeshell
Gouge"shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell,
of the genus Vermetus; also, the pinna. See Vermetus.
Goujere
Gou"jere (?), n. [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. Good-year.]
The venereal disease. [Obs.]
Gouland
Gou"land (?), n. See Golding.
Goulards extract
Gou*lard"s" ex"tract" (?). [Named after the introducer, Thomas
Goulard, a French surgeon.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of the
subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation.
Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.
Gour
Gour (?), n. [See Giaour.]
1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber. Tylor.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Koulan.
Goura
Gou"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of large, crested
ground pigeons of the genus Goura, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent
islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (Goura Victoria) and the crowned
pigeon (G. coronata) are among the beat known species.
Gourami
Gou"ra*mi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very largo East Indian freshwater fish
(Osphromenus gorami), extensively reared in artificial ponds in
tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many
unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern
Europe. [Written also goramy.]
Gourd
Gourd (?), n. [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L. cucurbita
gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. corb. Cf.
Cucurbite.]
1. (Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon,
pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order Cucurbitace\'91; and especially
the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety
of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles,
dippers, cups, and other dishes.
2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a
drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer.
Bitter gourd, colocynth.
Gourd
Gourd, n. A false die. See Gord.
Gourd, Gourde
Gourd, Gourde n. [Sp. gordo large.] A silver dollar; -- so called in
Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.
Gourdiness
Gourd"i*ness (?), n. [From Gourdy.] (Far.) The state of being gourdy.
Gourd tree
Gourd" tree" (?). (Bot.) A tree (the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash
tree) of the West Indies and Central America.
Gourdworm
Gourd"worm" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The fluke of sheep. See Fluke.
Gourdy
Gourd"y (?), a. [Either fr. gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.] (Far.)
Swelled in the legs.
Gourmand
Gour"mand (?), n. [F.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See
Gormand.
That great gourmand, fat Apicius B. Jonson.
Gourmet
Gour"met" (?), n. [F.] A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an
epicure.
Gournet
Gour"net (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish. See Gurnet.
Gout
Gout (?), n. [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being considered
as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]
1. A drop; a clot or coagulation.
On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood. Shak.
2. (Med.) A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It
constists in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of
the joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the
smaller joints, after which, it may attack the greater articulations.
It is attended with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly in
the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the
stomach, the intestines, etc. Dunglison.
3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn fly, under Corn.
Cout stones. See Chalkstone, n., 2.
Co\'96t
Co\'96t (?), n. [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See Gusto.] Taste; relish.
Goutily
Gout"i*ly (?), adv. In a gouty manner.
Goutiness
Gout"i*ness, n. The state of being gouty; gout.
Goutweed
Gout"weed` (, Gout"wort` (?) n. [So called from having been formerly
used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous
plant of Europe (\'92gopodium Podagraria); -- called also bishop's
weed, ashweed, and herb gerard.
Gouty
Gout"y (?), a.
1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty person; a gouty
joint.
2. Pertaining to the gout. "Gouty matter." Blackmore.
3. Swollen, as if from gout. Derham.
4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gouty bronchitis, bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the
progress of gout. -- Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium)
formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout. -- Gouty
kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney
shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.
Gove
Gove (?), n. [Also goaf, goof, goff.] A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Govern
Gov"ern (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Governed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Governing.] [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer,
pilot, govern, Gr. Gubernatorial.]
1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by
established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority. "Fit
to govern and rule multitudes." Shak.
2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as,
to govern the life; to govern a horse.
Govern well thy appetite. Milton.
3. (Gram.) To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive
verb governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular
case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case.
Govern
Gov"ern, v. i. To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have
the control. Dryden.
Governability
Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Governableness.
Governable
Gov"ern*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernable.] Capable of being governed,
or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient. Locke.
Governableness
Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being governable;
manageableness.
Governal, Governail
Gov"ern*al (?), Gov"ern*ail (, n. [Cf. F. gouvernail helm, rudder, L.
gubernaculum.] Management; mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
Governance
Gov"ern*ance (?), n. [F. gouvernance.] Exercise of authority; control;
government; arrangement. Chaucer. J. H. Newman.
Governante
Gov"ern*ante" (?), n. [F. gouvernante. See Govern.] A governess. Sir
W. Scott.
Governess
Gov"ern*ess (?), n. [Cf. OF. governeresse. See Governor.] A female
governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct;
especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children,
-- usually in their homes.
Governing
Gov"ern*ing, a.
1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a governing
wind; a governing party in a state. Jay.
2. (Gram.) Requiring a particular case.
Government
Gov"ern*ment (?), n. [F. gouvernement. See Govern.]
1. The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration
of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family
government.
2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the
established form of law.
That free government which we have so dearly purchased, free
commonwealth. Milton.
3. The right or power of governing; authority.
I here resign my goverment to thee. Shak.
4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling
powe; the administratian.
When we, in England, speak of the government, we generally
understand the ministers of the crown for the time being. Mozley &
W.
5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the
governments of Europe.
6. Management of the limbs or body. Shak.
7. (Gram.) The influence of a word in regard to construction,
requiring that another word should be in a particular case.
Governmental
Gov"ern*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. gouveernemental.] Pertaining to
government; made by government; as, governmental duties.
Governor
Gov"ern*or (?), n. [OE. governor, governour, OF. governeor, F.
gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See Govern.]
1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme
executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the
governor of Pennsylvania. "The governor of the town." Shak.
2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a
guardian.
3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. [R.]
4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and
other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances
and motive force are variable.
CAPTION:
NOTE: &hand; Th e il lustration sh ows a form of governor commonly
used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding on a
rapidly revolving spindle (b), driven by the engine, is raised or
lowered, when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force
of two balls (c c) to which it is connected by links (d d), the
balls being attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of
the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or
cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion produces a greater
supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and a less supply
when too fast.
Governor cut-off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in which the
governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from
entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the
engine's speed. -- Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is
operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.
Governor general
Gov"ern*or gen"er*al (?). A governor who has lieutenant or deputy
governors under him; as, the governor general of Canada, of India.
Governorship
Gov"ern*or*ship, n. The office of a governor.
Gowan
Gow"an (?), n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.]
1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.]
And pu'd the gowans fine. Burns.
2. (Min.) Decomposed granite.
Gowany
Gow"an*y (?), a. Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies.
[Scot.]
Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay. Ramsay.
Gowd
Gowd (?), n. [Cf. Gold.] Gold; wealth. [Scot.]
The man's the gowd for a' that. Burns.
Gowden
Gowd"en (?), a. Golden. [Scot.]
Gowdie
Gow"die (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Dragont. [Scot.]
Gowdnook
Gowd"nook" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The saury pike; -- called also gofnick.
Gowk
Gowk (?), v. t. [See Gawk.] To make a, booby of one); to stupefy.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.
Gowk
Gowk, n. [See Gawk.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. The European cuckoo; -- called also gawky.
2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.
Gowl
Gowl (?), v. i. [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v. i.] To howl. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Gown
Gown (?), n. [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin to
Ir. gunn, Gael. g\'97n; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.]
1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer
dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of
certain professional men and scholars, as university students and
officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the
dress of civil officers, in distinction from military.
He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield. Dryden.
(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown.
2. Any sort of dress or garb.
He comes . . . in the gown of humility. Shak.
Gowned
Gowned (?), p. a. Dressed in a gown; clad.
Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape. Tennyson.
Gownsman, Gownman
Gowns"man (?), Gown"man (, n.; pl. -men (-men). One whose professional
habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of
an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a
soldier.
Gozzard
Goz"zard (?), n. See Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.]
Graafian
Graaf"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de
Graaf, a Dutch physician. Graafian follicles or vesicles, small
cavities in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and
by the bursting of which they are discharged.
Graal
Graal (?), n. See Grail., a dish.
Grab
Grab (?), n. [Ar. & Hind. ghur crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.]
(Naut.) A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.
Grab
Grab (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grabbing.] [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble, Grapple, Grasp.]
To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.
Grab
Grab, n.
1. A sudden grasp or seizure.
2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising
them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc.,
from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven.
Grab hag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to
be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] --
Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other
piece of property. [Colloq.]
Grabber
Grab"ber (?), n. One who seizes or grabs.
Grabble
Grab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grabbling (.] [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.]
1. To grope; to feel with the hands.
He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and
fumbling. Selden.
2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel.
Ainsworth.
Grace
Grace (?), n. [F. gr\'83ce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved, dear,
agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf.
Grateful, Gratis.]
1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to
benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.
To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton.
2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as
distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts;
divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of
the divine favor.
And if by grace, then is it no more of works. Rom. xi. 6.
My grace is sufficicnt for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9.
Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20.
By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we
stand. Rom. v.2
3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as
pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of
equitable relief through chancery.
4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means
misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.
5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win
favor or confer pleasure or benefit.
He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace
a gentleman. Shak.
I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style
and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of
those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing.
Blair.
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Page 642
6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly,
easy elegance of manners; perfection of form.
Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them
longer, than any thing else. Hazlitt.
I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of
the gift. Longfellow.
7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses,
represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo
but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number;
namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the
inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love,
and social intercourse.
The Graces love to weave the rose. Moore.
The Loves delighted, and the Graces played. Prior.
8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of
the king of England.
How fares your Grace ! Shak.
9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.]
Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus. Chaucer.
10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before
or after a meal.
11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced
by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the
notation signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc.
12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the government of
the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or
decree. Walton.
13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It
consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means
of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops.
Act of grace. See under Act. -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of
probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be
accepted.
That day of grace fleets fast away. I. Watts.
-- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a
bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or
payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the
days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of
merchants being different. -- Good graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace
cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A
health drunk after grace has been said.
The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health. Hing.
-- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup.
To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the
grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that
whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper.
Encyc. Brit.
-- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. --
Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11
above. -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace.
-- Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with
God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect
credit upon.
Content to do the profession some grace. Shak.
-- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. -- With a
good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. --
With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner;
ungraciously.
What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done
with a bad grace. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. -- Grace,
Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive
and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is
spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or
compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that
opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance.
Grace
Grace (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing
(?).]
1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.
Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line. Pope.
We are graced with wreaths of victory. Shak.
2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.
He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in
court. Knolles.
3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall.
4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.
Graced
Graced (?), a. Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces;
honorable. Shak.
Graceful
Grace"ful (?), a. Displaying grace or beauty in form or action;
elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk,
deportment, speaker, air, act, speech.
High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode. Dryden.
-- Grace"ful*ly, adv. Grace"ful*ness, n.
Graceless
Grace"less, a.
1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of,
divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless age." Milton.
2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Grace"less*ly,
adv. -- Grace"less-ness, n.
Gracile, Gracillent
Grac"ile (?), Grac"il*lent (?) a. [L. gracilis, gracilentus.] Slender;
thin. [Obs.] Bailey.
Gracility
Gra*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. gracilitas; cf. F. gracilit\'82.] State of
being gracilent; slenderness. Milman. "Youthful gracility." W. D.
Howells.
Gracious
Gra"cious (?), a. [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See Grace.]
1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing mercy;
characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show
kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty.
A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful. Neh. ix. 17.
So hallowed and so gracious in the time. Shak.
2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful;
excellent.
Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . There was not
such a gracious creature born. Shak.
3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine
influence; as, gracious affections. Syn. -- Favorable; kind;
benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful.
Graciously
Gra"cious*ly (?), adv.
1. In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly. Dryden.
2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Graciousness
Gra"cious*ness, n. Quality of being gracious.
Grackle
Grac"kle (?), n. [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of
several American blackbirds, of the family Icterid\'91; as, the rusty
grackle (Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see
Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. versicolor).
See Crow blackbird, under Crow. (b) An Asiatic bird of the genus
Gracula. See Myna.
Gradate
Gra"date (?), v. t. [See Grade.]
1. To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.),
so that they shall harmonize.
2. (Chem.) To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration;
as, to gradate a saline solution.
Gradation
Gra*da"tion (?), n., [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See Grade.]
1. The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the
state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of
castes.
2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.
3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series.
The several gradations of the intelligent universe. I. Taylor.
4. (Fine Arts) A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a
darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.
6. (Mus.) A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.
Gradation
Gra*da"tion, v. t. To form with gradations. [R.]
Gradational
Gra*da"tion*al (?), a. By regular steps or gradations; of or
pertaining to gradation.
Gradatory
Grad"a*to*ry (?), a. [See Grade.]
1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual.
Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress .
. . could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us. A. Seward.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of an animal
when adapted for walking on land.
Gradatory
Grad"a*to*ry, n. [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.) A series of steps from
a cloister into a church.
Grade
Grade (?), n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to
step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus.]
1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative
position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every
grade; grades of flour.
They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of
every grade. Buckle.
2. In a railroad or highway: (a) The rate of ascent or descent;
gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; --
usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall
in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a grade of
twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264. (b) A graded ascending,
descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.
3. (Stock Breeding) The result of crossing a native stock with some
better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the
better blood, it is called high grade.
At grade, on the same level; -- said of the crossing of a railroad
with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at
the point of crossing. -- Down grade, a descent, as on a graded
railroad. -- Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad. -- Equating
for grades. See under Equate. -- Grade crossing, a crossing at grade.
Grade
Grade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading.]
1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality,
rank, etc.
2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the
line of a canal or road.
3. (Stock Breeding) To cross with some better breed; to improve the
blood of.
Gradely
Grade"ly, a. [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus. See
Grade.] Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- adv. Decently; in
order. [Prov. Eng.]
Grader
Grad"er (?), n. One who grades, or that by means of which grading is
done or facilitate. <-- 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp.
one with a plow blade suspended from the center, used specifically for
grading roads. -->
Gradient
Gra"di*ent (?), a. [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go. See
Grade.]
1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata. Wilkins.
2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the
gradient line of a railroad.
3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birsds.
Gradient
Gra"di*ent, n.
1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.
2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a
way not level; a grade.
3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the
curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient.
Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on
it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that
spot.
Gradin, Gradine
Gra"din (?), Gra*dine" (?), n. [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See Grade.]
(Arch.) Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the
like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the amphitheeater."
Layard.
Gradine
Gra*dine" (?), n. [F. gradine.] A toothed chised by sculptors.
Grading
Grad"ing (?), n. The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of
bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or
grade.
Gradino
Gra*di"no (?), n.; pl. Gradinos (#). [It.] (Arch.) A step or raised
shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and Gradin.
Gradual
Grad"u*al" (?); a. [Cf; F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual, n.]
Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent
or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow;
as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual decline.
Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all
summed up in man. Milton.
Gradual
Grad"u*al, n. [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. gradus
step: cf. F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a gradual.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the
Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the
steps. (b) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.
2. A series of steps. [Obs.] Dryden.
Graduality
Grad"u*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Gradually
Grad"u*al*ly (?), adv.
1. In a gradual manner.
2. In degree. [Obs.]
Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from
the fantastic reason of brutes. Grew.
Gradualness
Grad"u*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being gradual; regular
progression or gradation; slowness.
The gradualness of this movement. M. Arnold.
The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the
simplest observer. H. Drummond.
Graduate
Grad"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graduated (?) p. pr. & vb. n.
Graduating (.] [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade.]
1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or
intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or
rewards, etc.
2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a
college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an
honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale
College.
3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or
to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the
heat of an oven.
Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts. Browne.
4. (Chem.) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by
evaporation, as a fluid.
Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine, under
Dividing.
Graduate
Grad"u*ate, v. i.
1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as,
sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates
into quartz.
2. (Zo\'94l.) To taper, as the tail of certain birds.
3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate;
to receive a diploma.
He graduated at Oxford. Latham.
He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated.
Macaulay.
Graduate
Grad"u*ate (?), n. [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a
degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.]
1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who
has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or
institution of learning.
2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by
apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated.
Graduate
Grad"u*ate, a. [See Graduate, n. & v.] Arrangei by successive steps or
degrees; graduated.
Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and
subordinate stages. Tatham.
Graduated
Grad"u*a"ted (?), a.
1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the outer
feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer.
Graduated tube, bottle, cap, OR glass, a vessel, usually of glass,
having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the
amount of the contents at the several levels. -- Graduated spring
(Railroads), a combination of metallic and rubber springs.
Graduateship
Grad"u*ate*ship, n. State of being a graduate. Milton.
Graduation
Grad"u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F.
graduation division into degrees.]
1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as,
graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color;
graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.
2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or
quantity; a scale.
3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to
hasten its evaporation.
Graduator
Grad"u*a"tor (?), n.
1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a graduator of
instruments.
2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small,
regular intervals.
3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a
large surface, for exposure to the air.
Gradus
Gra"dus (?), n. [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.] A
dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin
poetry.
He set to work . . . without gradus or other help. T. Hughes.
Graf
Graf (?), n. [G. Cf. -grave.] A German title of nobility, equivalent
to earl in English, or count in French. See Earl.
Graff
Graff (?), n. [OE. grafe, greife, greive. Cf. Margrave.] A steward; an
overseer.
[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or graff, and not
the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ. John Knox.
Graff
Graff n. & v. See Graft.
Graffage
Graff"age (?), n. [Cf. Grave, n.] The scarp of a ditch or moat. "To
clean the graffages." Miss Mitford.
Graffer
Graf"fer (?), n. [See Greffier.] (Law.) a notary or scrivener.
Bowvier. <-- p. 643 -->
Graffiti
Graf*fi"ti (?), n. pl. [It., pl. of graffito scratched] Inscriptions,
figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or
ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.
Graft
Graft (?), n. [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same word as OF.
grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. carve. So named from the resemblance of
a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. Graphic, Grammar.] (a) A
small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of
which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree,
but the graft determines the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of
a tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living
tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.
Graft
Graft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grafting.] [F.
greffer. See Graft, n.]
1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to
propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon.
[Formerly written graff.]
2.
(Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so
as to form an organic union.
3.
To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about
a close union.
And graft my love immortal on thy fame ! Pope.
4.
(Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a
weaving of small cord or rope-yarns.
Graft
Graft, v. i. To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc.,
into another; to practice grafting.
Grafter
Graft"er (?), n.
1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by
ingrafting.
2.
An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.
3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting
upon another tree. Shak.
Grafting
Graft"ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.
2. (Naut.) The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end,
etc.
3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a
denuded surface; autoplasty.
4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another.
Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is
placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a
branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of
the stock. -- Crown, OR Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the
alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted
the lower end of the scion cut slantwise. -- Saddle grafting, a mode
of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by
two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit
the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise. -- Side
grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very
obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust
down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is
inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock.
-- Skin grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty. -- Splice grafting (Hort.),
a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock
completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections
are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut
surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or
otherwise. -- Whip grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice
grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion
and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the
sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together,
the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other. -- Grafting
scissors, a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc.
-- Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong
curved spade used in digging canals. -- Grafting wax, a composition of
rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly
grafted trees.
Graham bread
Gra"ham bread" (?). [From Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietetics.]
Bread made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.] Bartlett.
Grahamite
Gra"ham*ite (?), n. [See Graham bread.] One who follows the dietetic
system of Graham. [U. S.]
Grail
Grail (?), n. [OF. greel, LL. gradale. See Gradual, n.] A book of
offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual. [Obs.] T. Warton.
Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc. Strype.
Grail
Grail, n. [OF. graal, greal, greet, F. graal, gr?al, LL. gradalis,
gradale, prob. derived fr. L. crater bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. krath`r.
See Crater.] A broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy
Grail.
NOTE: &hand;The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle
Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the
last supper; and according to others, the platter on which the
paschal lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord.
This cup, according to the legend, if appoached by any but a
perfectly pure and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from
the sight. The quest of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by
a knight who was perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.
Grail
Grail, n. [F. gr≖le hail, from gr\'90s grit, OHG. griex, grioz,
G. gries, gravel, grit. See Grit.] Small particles of earth; gravel.
[Obs.]
Lying down upon the sandy grail. Spenser.
Grail
Grail (?), n. [Cf. OF. graite slender, F. gr≖te.] One of the
small feathers of a hawk.
Graille
Graille (?), n. [Cf. F. gr≖le a sort of file.] A halfround
single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight
face, -- used by comb makers. Knight.
Grain
Grain, v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]
Grain
Grain (?), n. [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small kernel, small
particle. See Corn, and cf. Garner, n., Garnet, Gram the chick-pea,
Granule, Kernel.]
1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants,
like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.
2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man,
as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used
collectively.
Storehouses crammed with grain. Shak.
3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any
minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of
starch, of sense, of wit, etc.
I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved. Milton.
4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because
considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the
ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and
5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram.
5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red
color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by
the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple.
All in a robe of darkest grain. Milton.
Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in
colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson
in grain. Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.
6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the
particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or
hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.
Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden.
7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or
of the strata in stone, slate, etc.
Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and
divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth.
Shak.
8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous
material.
9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side.
Knight.
10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation;
hence, any residuum. Also called draff.
11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the
common dock. See Grained, a., 4.
12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.]
Brothers . . . not united in grain. Hayward.
13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.]
He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet. Chaucer.
Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers;
hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly;
reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift.Saintsbury.-- A grain of
allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. -- Grain
binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into
sheaves. -- Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect.
-- Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other
skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc. -- Grain moth
(Zo\'94l.), one of several small moths, of the family Tineid\'91 (as
Tinea granella and Butalis cereAlella), whose larv\'91 devour grain in
storehouses. -- Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from
which the hair has been removed; -- opposed to flesh side. -- Grains
of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. -- grain tin,
crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. -- Grain
weevil (Zo\'94l.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which
destroys stored wheat and othar grain, by eating out the interior. --
Grain worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth,
above. -- In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate;
genuine. "Anguish in grain." Herbert.-- To dye in grain, to dye of a
fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5];
hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw
material. See under Dye.
The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in
grain. Spenser.
-- To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex,
irritate, mortify, or trouble.
Grain
Grain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Graining.]
1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.
3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of
(leather, etc.).
Grain
Grain, v. i. [F. grainer, grener. See Grain, n.]
1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] Gower.
2. To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as the result of
crystallization; to granulate.
Grain
Grain (?), n. [See Groin a part of the body.]
1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas.
2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically: (a) One the branches of a
valley or of a river. (b) pl. An iron first speak or harpoon, having
four or more barbed points.
3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.
Grained
Grained (?), a.
1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing the
grain; hence, rough.
2. Dyed in grain; ingrained.
Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous honesty, are but
pale in goodness. Sir T. Browne.
3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
4. (Bot.) Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or
sepals of some flowers.
Grainer
Grain"er (?), n.
1. An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the
effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called also grains
and bate.
2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.
3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.;
also, the brush or tool used in graining.
Grainfield
Grain"field` (?), n. A field where grain is grown.
Graining
Grain"ing, n.
1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins. Locke.
2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and
the grain raised.
3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, atone,
etc.
4. (Soap Making) The process of separating soap from spent lye, as
with salt.
Graining
Grain"ing, n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus
vulgaris); - called also dobule, and dace.
Grains
Grains (?), n. pl.
1. See 5th Grain, n., 2 (b).
2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See Grainer. n., 1.
Grainy
Grain"y (?), a. Resembling grains; granular.
Graip
Graip (?), n. [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.] A dungfork. [Scot.] Burns.
Graith
Graith (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Greith. Chaucer.
Graith
Graith, n. Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling,
war, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Grakle
Gra"kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grackle.
Grall\'91
Gral"l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for gradulae, fr.
gradus. See Grade.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds which formerly
included all the waders. By later writers it is usually restricted to
the sandpipers, plovers, and allied forms; -- called also Grallatores.
Grallatores
Gral"la*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. from L. grallator one who runs on
stilts.] (Zoöl.) See Grall\'91.
Grallatorial, Grallatory
Gral`la*to"ri*al (?), Gral"la*to*ry (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.
Grallic
Gral"lic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Grall\'91.
Gralline
Gral"line (l&imac;n), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Grall\'91.
Gralloch
Gral"loch (?), n. Offal of a deer. -- v. t. To remove the offal from
(a deer).
-gram
-gram (?). [Gr. ? a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. gra`fein to
draw, write. See Graphic.] A suffix indicating something drawn or
written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.
Gram
Gram (?), a. [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. &root;35.] Angry. [Obs.]
Havelok, the Dane.
Gram
Gram, n. [Pg. gr?o grain. See Grain.] (Bot.) The East Indian name of
the chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also, other similar
seeds there used for food.
Gram, Gramme
Gram, Gramme (?), n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that which is written, a
letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See Graphic.] The unit of
weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is
very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic
centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432
grains. See Grain, n., 4. Gram degree, OR Gramme degree (Physics), a
unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the
temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade. -- Gram
equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which will
replace one gram of hydrogen.
Grama grass
Gra"ma grass` (?). [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.) The name of
several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States,
esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.
Gramarye
Gram"a*rye (?), n. [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic, OF.
gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.] Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott.
Gramashes
Gra*mash"es (?), n. pl. [See Gamashes.] Gaiters reaching to the knee;
leggings.
Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth. Sir W. Scott.
Grame
Grame (?), n. [See Gram, a.]
1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gramercy
Gra*mer"cy (?), interj. [F. grand-merci. See Grand, and Mercy.] A word
formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.
Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight. Spenser.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 644
Graminaceous
Gram"i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass.] Pertaining to,
or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, graminaceous plants.
Gramineal
Gra*min"e*al (?), a. Gramineous.
Gramineous
Gra*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.]
(Bot.) Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2.
Graminifolious
Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + folium
leaf.] (Bot.) Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.
Graminivorous
Gram"i*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to eat
greedily.] Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said
of horses, cattle, and other animals.
Grammalogue
Gram"ma*logue (?), n. [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf.
Logogram.] (Phonography) Literally, a letter word; a word represented
by a logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t. pitman.
Grammar
Gram"mar (?), n. [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr. L.
gramatica Gr Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.]
1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study
of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art
concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a
language, in speaking or writing.
NOTE: &hand; The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying
of words according to their function in the sentence.
Bain.
2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to
established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a
grammar.
The original bad grammar and bad spelling. Macaulay.
3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the
principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.
4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a
grammar of geography.
Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of
kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms.
-- Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and
Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to
colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This
use of the word is more common in England than in the United States.
When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or
householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master
thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted
for the University. Mass. Records (1647).
(b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate
grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the
principles of English grammar are taught.<-- now = primary school -->
Grammar
Gram"mar, v. i. To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use
grammar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Grammarian
Gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. grammairien.]
1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a
philologist.
NOTE: &hand; "T he te rm was used by the classic ancients as a term
of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any
art or faculty whatever." Brande & C.
2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.
Grammarianism
Gram*ma"ri*an*ism (?), n. The principles, practices, or peculiarities
of grammarians. [R.]
Grammarless
Gram"mar*less (?), a. Without grammar.
Grammates
Gram"mates (?), n. pl. [From Gr. Rudiments; first principles, as of
grammar. [Obs.] Ford.
Grammatic
Gram*mat"ic (?), a. Grammatical.
Grammatical
Gram*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr.
grammatical. See Grammar.]
1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a
grammatical rule.
2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the
sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical.
--Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n.
Grammaticaster
Gram*mat"icas"ter (?), n. [LL.] A petty grammarian; a grammatical
pedant or pretender.
My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster. B. Jonson.
Grammatication
Gram*mat"i*ca"tion (?), n. A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule.
[Obs.] Dalgarno.
Grammaticism
Gram*mat"i*cism (?), n. A point or principle of grammar. Abp.
Leighton.
Grammaticize
Gram*mat"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grammaticized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Grammaticizing (?).] To render grammatical. Fuller.
Grammatist
Gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. grammatiste.
See Grammatical.] A petty grammarian. [R] Tooke.
Gramme
Gramme (?), n. Same as Gram the weight.
Gramme machine
Gramme" ma*chine" (?). (Elec.) A kind of dynamo-electric machine; --
so named from its French inventor, M. Gramme. Knight.
Grampus
Gram"pus (?), n.; pl. Grampuses (#). [Probably corrupted from It. gran
pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L.
grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus,
esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It
grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white
streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.
2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]
Granade, Granado
Gra*nade" (?), Gra*na"do (?), n. See Grenade.
Granadilla
Grana*dil"la (?), n. [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate. See Grenade,
Garnet.] (Bot.) The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp.
Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is
as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of
Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices.
Granary
Gran"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Granaries (#). [L. granarium, fr. granum grain.
See Garner.] A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is
thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in
grain.<-- in this sense, equivalent to "breadbasket", used
figuratively -->
The exhaustless granary of a world. Thomson.
Granate
Gran"ate (?), n. See Garnet.
Granatin
Gra*na"tin (?), n. [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.) Mannite; --
so called because found in the pomegranate.
Granatite
Gran"a*tite (?), n. See Staurolite.
Grand
Grand (?), a. [Compar. Grander (?); superl. Grandest.] [OE. grant,
grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis
heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.]
1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great;
greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand army; a
grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan." Milton.
Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission. Shak.
2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression;
illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic,
splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand
monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand
conception.
They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters
of the grand style. M. Arnold.
3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other
persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier;
a grand piano, etc.
4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or
descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson,
grandchild, etc.
What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of
Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator. Milton.
Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which
special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in
striking and leaving the string. -- Grand Army of the Republic, an
organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or
navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has
chapters, called Posts, throughout the country. -- Grand cross. (a)
The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A knight
grand cross. -- Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified
with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who
holds that grade. -- Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms
which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery
(Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days);
called also Dies non juridici. -- Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow
of a grand duke. (b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her
own right. (c) In Russia, a daughter of the Czar. -- Grand duke. (a) A
sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of
Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar. (c) (Zo\'94l.) The European
great horned owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas). -- Grand-guard, OR
Grandegarde, a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra
protection for the left shoulder and breast. -- Grand juror, a member
of a grand jury. -- Grand jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve
men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private
session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with
crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment
against them, to be presented to the court; -- called also grand
inquest. -- Grand juryman, a grand juror. -- Grand larceny. (Law) See
under Larceny. -- Grand lodge, the chief lodge, or governing body,
among Freemasons and other secret orders. -- Grand master. (a) The
head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars,
Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good
Templars, etc.<-- (c) The highest rank for a chess player, awarded by
a national or international organization of chess players as a result
of winning games of chess against other ranked players in chess
tournaments officially sanctioned by that chess organization, such as
FIDE. By extension, (Figuratively) a person with the highest level of
expertise in some field. Also "grandmaster". --> -- Grand paunch, a
glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland. -- Grand pensionary. See under
Pensionary. -- Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped,
in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing
the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective
manner, regardless of the size of the instrument. -- Grand relief
(Sculp.), alto relievo. -- Grand Seignior. See under Seignior. --
Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a,
race course, etc. -- Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an
ecclesiastical delegate in France. -- Grand vizier. See under Vizier.
Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately;
august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. -- Grand, Magnificent,
Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that
which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent
is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime
describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a
rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is
sublime. "Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but
magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of
superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." Crabb.
Grandam
Gran"dam (?), n. [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and
Dame.] An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. Shak.
Grandaunt
Grand"aunt" (?), n. [Cf. F. grand'tante.] The aunt of one's father or
mother.
Grandchild
Grand"child" (?), n. A son's or daughter's child; a child in the
second degree of descent.
Granddaughter
Grand"daugh"ter (?), n. The daughter of one's son or daughter.
Grandee
Gran*dee" (?), n. [Sp. grande. See Grand.] A man of elevated rank or
station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may
be covered in the king's presence.
Grandeeship
Gran*dee"ship, n. The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. H.
Swinburne.
Grandeur
Gran"deur (?), n. [F., fr. grand. See Grand.] The state or quality of
being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness;
sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of
action.
Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure
mine eye. Milton.
Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See
Sublimity.
Grandevity
Gran*dev"i*ty (?), n. [L. grandaevitas.] Great age; long life. [Obs.]
Glanvill.
Grandevous
Gran*de"vous (?), a. [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime,
age.] Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey.
Grand-ducal
Grand"-du"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James.
Grandfather
Grand"fa"ther (?), n. A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in
the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent.
Grandfather longlegs. (Zo\'94l.) See Dady longlegs.
Grandfatherly
Grand"fa"ther*ly, a. Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind;
benignant; indulgent.
He was a grandfatherly sort of personage. Hawthorne.
Grandific
Gran*dif"ic (?), a. [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to make.]
Making great. [R.] Bailey.
Grandiloquence
Gran*dil"o*quence (?), n. The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast;
-- usually in a bad sense.
The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking. Thackeray,
Grandiloquent
Gran*dil"o*quent (?), a. [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.] Speaking
in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.
Grandiloquous
Gran*dil"o*quous (?), a. [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to
apeak.] Grandiloquent.
Grandinous
Gran"di*nous (?), a. [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.]
Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey.
Grandiose
Gran"di*ose" (?), a. [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.]
1. Impressive or elevating in effect; vimposing; splendid; striking;
-- in a good sense.
The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not
to impair the grandiose effect of the whole. M. Arnold.
The grandiose red tulips which grow wild. C. Kingsley.
2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting;
turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.
Grandiosity
Gran"di*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. grandiosit\'82, It. grandiosit\'85.]
The state or quality of being grandiose,
Grandity
Grand"i*ty (?), n. [L. granditas: cf. OF. granit\'82. See Grand.]
Grandness. [Obs.] Camden.
Graudly
Graud"ly, adv. In a grand manner.
Grandma, Grandmamma
Grand"ma" (?), Grand"mam*ma" (?), n. A grand mother. <-- Grandmaster.
See grand master. -->
Grand mercy
Grand" mer"cy (?). See Gramercy. [Obs.]
Grandmother
Grand"moth"er (?), n. The mother of one's father or mother.
Grandmotherly
Grand"moth"er*ly, a. Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind;
indulgent.
Grandnephew
Grand"neph"ew (?), n. The grandson of one's brother or sister.
Grandness
Grand"ness, n. Grandeur. Wollaston.
Grandniece
Grand"niece" (?), n. The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.
Grandpa, Grandpapa
Grand"pa" (?), Grand"pa*pa" (?), n. A grandfather.
Grandsire
Grand"sire" (?), n. [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.]
Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.
Grandson
Grand"son" (?), n. A son's or daughter's son.
Graaduncle
Graad"un"cle (?), n. [Cf. F. grand-oncle.] father's or mother's uncle.
Grane
Grane (?), v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]
Grange
Grange (?), n. [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum grain. See
Grain a kernel.]
1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] Milton.
2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming
purposes.
And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her
bernes wide. Chaucer.
Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid. Tennyson.
3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in
grain, were deposited. [Obs.]
4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from
neighbors.
5. An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, aud
particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and
manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention
of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U.
S.]
Granger
Gran"ger (?), n.
1. A farm steward. [Obs.]
2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]
Grangerism
Gran"ger*ism (?), n. [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose
"Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for
illustration in this manner.] The practice of illustrating a
particular book by engravings collected from other books.
Grangerite
Gran"ger*ite (?), n. One who collects illustrations from various books
for the decoration of one book.
Grangerize
Gran"ger*ize (?), v. t. & i. To collect (illustrations from books) for
decoration of other books. G. A. Sala.
Graniferous
Gra*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear: cf.
F. granif\'8are.] Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble.
Graniform
Gran"i*form (?), a. [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.]
Formed like of corn.
Granilla
Gra*nil"la (?), n. [Sp., small seed.] Small grains or dust of
cochineal or the coccus insect.
Granite
Gran"ite (?), n. [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of granire
to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See Grain.]
(Geol.) A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar,
and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It
differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefor in
being destitute of a schistose structure.
NOTE: &hand; Va rieties co ntaining hornblende are common. See also
the Note under Mica.
<-- p. 645 --> Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces
of a regular arrangement. -- Graphic granite, granite consisting of
quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so
arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters. --
Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals.
-- Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing
hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities
hornblende replacing the mica. -- Granite ware. (a) A kind of
stoneware. (b) A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling
granite.
Granitic
Gra*nit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. granitique.]
1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of
granite; as, granitic texture.
2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.
Granitical
Gra*nit"ic*al (?), a. Granitic.
Granitification
Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make.
See -fy.] The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble.
Granitiform
Gra*nit"i*form (?), a. [Granite + -form.] (Geol.) Resembling granite
in structure or shape.
Granitoid
Gran"i*toid (?), a. [Granite + -oid: cf. F. granito\'8bde.] Resembling
granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid gneiss; a granitoid
pavement.
Granivorous
Gra*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F.
granivore.] Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as,
granivorous birds. <-- seed-eating. not same as graminivorous? =
feeding on grass or the seeds of grass. latter is for beasts. --> Gay.
Grannam
Gran"nam (?), n. A grandam. [Colloq.]
Granny
Gran"ny (?), n. A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.
Granny's bend, OR Granny's knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or
hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.
Granolithic
Gran`o*lith"ic (?), n. [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith +
-ic.] A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.
Grant
Grant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.]
[OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise,
yield, LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare
to make believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See
Creed, Credit.]
1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or
title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to petition.
Grant me the place of this threshing floor. 1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.
2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in
answer to prayer or request; to give.
Wherefore did God grant me my request. Milton.
3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield
belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.
Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree. Dryden.
Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow;
concede. See Give.
Grant
Grant, v. i. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Grant
Grant, n. [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise, assurance.
See Grant, v. t.]
1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession;
allowance; permission.
2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.
3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.
4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au
appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a grant of
land or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is
made.
NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly, in En glish law, the term was specifically
applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant
estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present
application in some of the United States. But now, in England the
usual mode of transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of
the United States, the term grant is applied to conveyances of
every kind of real property.
Bouvier. Burrill.
Grantable
Grant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being granted.
Grantee
Gran*tee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a grant or conveyance is
made.
His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises. Burke.
Granter
Grant"er (?), n. One who grants.
Grantor
Grant"or (?), n. (Law) The person by whom a grant or conveyance is
made.
Granular
Gran"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.] Consisting of, or
resembling, grains; as, a granular substance. Granular limestone,
crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure.
Granularly
Gran"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a granular form.
Granulary
Gran"u*la*ry (?), a. Granular.
Granulate
Gran"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Granulating (?).] [See Granule.]
1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder,
sugar, or metal.
2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the
surface.
Granulate
Gran"u*late, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice
granulates into sugar.
Granulate, Granulated
Gran"u*late (?), Gran"u*la`ted (?), a.
1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains;
granular; as, granulated sugar.
2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen.
Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a particular process
beginning with the granulation of pig iron.
Granulation
Gran`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. granulation.]
1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the
granulation of powder and sugar.
2. The state of being granulated.
3. (Med.) (a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form
on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient
agents in the process of healing. (b) The act or process of the
formation of such prominences.
Granule
Gran"ule (?), n. [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. granule.
See Grain a kernel.] A little grain a small particle; a pellet.
Granuliferous
Gran`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Granule + -ferous.] Full of granulations.
Granuliform
Gra*nu"li*form (?), a. [Granule + -form.] (Min.) Having a granular
structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone.
Granulite
Gran"u*lite (?), n. [From Granule.] (Geol.) A whitish, granular rock,
consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; -- sometimes
called whitestone, and leptynite.
Granulose
Gran"u*lose` (?), n. [From Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.) The main
constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the
framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by
iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and
amylolytic ferments.
Granulous
Gran"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. granuleux.] Full of grains; abounding with
granular substances; granular.
Grape
Grape (?), n. [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F.
grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G.
krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea
of clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.]
1. (Bot.) A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or
bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy
pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for
making wine and raisins.
2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.
3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.
4. (Mil.) Grapeshot.
Grape borer. (Zo\'94l.) See Vine borer. -- Grape curculio (Zo\'94l.),
a minute black weevil (Craponius in\'91qualis) which in the larval
state eats the interior of grapes. -- Grape flower, OR Grape hyacinth
(Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Muscari racemosum) with small blue
globular flowers in a dense raceme. -- Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus
(Oidium Tuckeri) on grapevines; vine mildew. -- Grape hopper
(Zo\'94l.), a Small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very
injurious to the leaves of the grapevine. -- Grape moth (Zo\'94l.), a
small moth (Eudemis botrana), which in the larval state eats the
interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk. -- Grape
of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the breech. -- Grape sugar. See
Glucose. -- Grape worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the grape moth. --
Soar grapes, things which persons affect to despise because they can
not possess them; -- in allusion to sop's fable of the fox and the
grapes.
Grape fruit
Grape" fruit`. The shaddock.
Grapeless
Grape"less, a. Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.
Grapery
Grap"er*y (?), n. A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of
grapes.
Grapeshot
Grape"shot` (?), n. (Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of small
iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top
and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to
be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in
canvas bags.
Grapestone
Grape"stone` (?), n. A seed of the grape.
Grapevine
Grape"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus
Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the
fruit called grapes.
NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon gr apevine of th e Ol d Wo rld is Vitis
vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that
yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The
northern Fox grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca, from
which, by cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern
Fox grape, or Muscadine, is the V. vulpina. The Frost grape is V.
cordifolia, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the
early frosts.
-graph
-graph ( [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic.] A suffix
signifying something written, a writing; also, a writer; as autograph,
crystograph, telegraph, photograph.
Graphic, Graphical
Graph"ic (?), Graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. graphicus, Gr. graphique. See
Graft.]
1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.
2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.
3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.
The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not
graphical, or composed of letters. Sir T. Browne.
4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.
5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive
description; vivid; as, a gruphic writer.
Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of
equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines. --
Graphic arts, a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the
representation on a fiat surface of natural objects; as distinguished
from music, etc., and also from sculpture. -- Graphic formula. (Chem.)
See under Formula. -- Graphic granite. See under Granite. -- Graphic
method, the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which
the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to
the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of
weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours
of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of
temperature. -- Graphical statics (Math.), a branch of statics, in
which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented
by straight lines -- Graphic tellurium. See Sylvanite.>
Graphically
Graph"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a graphic manner; vividly.
Graphicness, Graphicalness
Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being
graphic.
Graphics
Graph"ics (?), n. The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing
according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and
the like.
Graphiscope
Graph"i*scope (?), n. See Graphoscope.
Graphite
Graph"ite (?), n. [Gr. graphite. See Graphic.] (Min.) Native carbon in
hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color
and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is
used for pencils (improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and
as a lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or black lead. Graphite
battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in
sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.
Graphitic
Gra*phit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or
resembling, graphite. Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, so
called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually
called mellitic acid. -- Graphitic carbon, in iron or steel, that
portion of the carbon which is present as graphite. Raymond.
Graphitoid, Graphitoidal
Graph"i*toid (?), Graph"i*toid"al (?), a. Resembling graphite or
plumbago.
Grapholite
Graph"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. grapholithe.] Any species of
slate suitable to be written on.
Graphology
Gra*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. graphologie.] The art of
judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his
handwriting.
Graphoscope
Graph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An optical instrument for
magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large
lens and two smaller ones.
Graphotype
Graph"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] (Engraving) A process for producing
a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from.
Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a
hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink
which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then
carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.
-graphy
-gra*phy (?). [Gr. Graphic.] A suffix denoting the art of writing or
describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; as,
calligraphy, biography, geography.
Grapnel
Grap"nel (?), n. [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of a
ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.) A small anchor, with four
or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence,
any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab;
-- written also grapline, and crapnel.
Grapple
Grap"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grappled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grappling (?).] [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr.
graper to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See
Grape.]
1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to
grapple an antagonist.
2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.
The gallies were grappled to the Centurion. Hakluyt.
Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel. Shak.
Grapple
Grap"ple, v. i. To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach
one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one
another. To grapple with, to enter into contest with, resolutely and
courageously.
And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house
of Lancaster. Shak.
Grapple
Grap"ple, n. [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.]
1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold.
Milton.
2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and
holding fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.) A grappling iron.
The iron hooks and grapples keen. Spenser.
Grapple plant (Bot.), a South African herb (Herpagophytum leptocarpum)
having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by
which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. -- Grapple
shot (Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which are attached hinged
claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; -- called
also anchor shot.
Grapplement
Grapple*ment (?), n. A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.]
Spenser.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 646
Grappling
Grap"pling (?), n.
1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and
held, a grapnel.
2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for
the bear. Dryden.
Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a
vessel or other object. -- Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for
gathering oysters.
Grapsoid
Grap"soid (?), a. [NL. Grapsus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
genus Grapsus or the family Grapsid\'91. -- n. A grapsoid crab.
Graptolite
Grap"to*lite (?), n. [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. (Paleon.) One of
numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus
Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They
belong to an extinct group (Graptolithina) supposed to be hydroids.
Graptolitic
Grap"to*lit`ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing
graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate.
Grapy
Grap"y (?), a. Composed of, or resembling, grapes.
The grapy clusters. Addison.
Grasp
Grasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grasper (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.]
[OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab,
Grope.]
1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or
arms; to catch to take possession of.
Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff. Shak.
2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or
conversant with; to comprehend.
Grasp
Grasp, v. i. To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to
clutch; to struggle; to strive.
As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength
subdued. Shak.
To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at
universal empire,
Grasp
Grasp, n.
1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding
in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak.
2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it
was beyond his grasp.
3. Forcible possession; hold.
The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp. Shak.
4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold
them under survey.
The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of
grasp, equal to their predecessors. Z. Taylor.
5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.
Graspable
Grasp"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being grasped.
Graaper
Graap"er (?), n. One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.
Grasping
Grasp"ing, a.
1. Seizing; embracing; catching.
2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a
grasping man. -- Grasp"ing*ly, adv. -- Grasp"ing*ness, n.
Graspless
Grasp"less, a. Without a grasp; relaxed.
From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls.
Coleridge.
Grass
Grass (?), n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, qr, g; akin to OFries. gres,
gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. gr, Sw. gr, and prob. to
Z. grcen, grow. Cf. Graze.]
1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle
and other beasts; pasture.
2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally
jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed
single.
NOTE: &hand; Th is de finition in cludes wh eat, rye, oats, barley,
etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly
called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of
plants.
3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]
Two years old next grass. Lathsm.
4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.
Surely the people is grass. Is. xl. 7.
NOTE: &hand; The following list includes most of the grasses of the
United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these
terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See
Illustrations in Appendix.
Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus-galli. Bent, pasture and
hay. Agrostis, several species. Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon
Dactylon. Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below). Blue bent, hay.
North and West. Andropogon provincialis. Blue grass, pasture. Poa
compressa. Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum. Buffalo
grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) Buchlo\'89 dectyloides. (b) Same
as Grama grass (below). <-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->
Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc. Chess,
OR Cheat, a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc. Couch grass. Same as Quick
grass (below). Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North.
Panicum sanguinale. (b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica.
Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common.
Same as Rye grass (below). Drop seed, fair for forage and hay.
Muhlenbergia, several species. English grass. Same as Redtop (below).
Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on
moist land. Gryceria nervata. Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum
dactyloides. <-- spelled here (as in modern dictionaries) "Grama" in
original, but references are to "gramma" --> Grama grass, grazing.
West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya, etc. Great bunch
grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella. Guinea grass,
hay. South. Panicum jumentorum. Herd's grass, in New England Timothy,
in Pennsylvania and South Redtop. Indian grass. Same as Wood grass
(below). Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium Italicum. Johnson
grass, grazing aud hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense.
Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis. Lyme grass, coarse hay.
South. Elymus, several species. Manna grass, pasture and hay.
Glyceria, several species. Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca
elatior. Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus
pratensis. Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several species.
Mesquite, OR Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above). <-- here
spelled "gramma" in original --> Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed.
Muhlenbergia diffsa. Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis
glomerata. Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa
spartea. Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza media and maxima. Quitch, or
Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens. Ray grass. Same as Rye
grass (below). Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris. Red-topped
buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia. Reed canary grass,
of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea. Reed meadow grass, hay. North.
Glyceria aquatica. Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary
grass. Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var. Seneca grass,
fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis. Sesame grass.
Same as Gama grass (above). Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in
Northern Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina. Small reed grass, meadow
pasture and hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis. Spear grass, Same as
Meadow grass (above). Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals.
Seacoast and Northwest. Hordeum jubatum. Switch grass, hay, cut young.
Panicum virgatum. Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum
pratense. Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus.
Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum. Wire grass,
valuable in pastures. Poa compressa. Wood grass, Indian grass, hay.
Chrysopogon nutans.
NOTE: &hand; Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not
true grasses botanically considered, such as black grass, goose
grass, star grass, etc.
Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus Gerardi), growing in salt
marshes, used for making salt hay. -- Grass of the Andes, an oat
grass, the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.-- Grass of Parnassus, a
plant of the genus Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European
species is P. palustris; in the United States there are several
species. -- Grass bass (Zo\'94l.), the calico bass. -- Grass bird, the
dunlin. -- Grass cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the
grass-cloth plant. -- Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the
Nettle family (B\'d2hmeria nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in
Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers
suited for textile purposes. -- Grass finch. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common
American sparrow (Po\'94c\'91tes gramineus); -- called also vesper
sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b) Any Australian finch, of the genus
Po\'89phila, of which several species are known. -- Grass lamb, a lamb
suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.-- Grass
land, land kept in grass and not tilled. -- Grass moth (Zo\'94l.), one
of many small moths of the genus Crambus, found in grass. -- Grass
oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses
of the genus Andropogon, etc.; -- used in perfumery under the name of
citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon grass oil, essence of verbena etc.
-- Grass owl (Zo\'94l.), a South African owl (Strix Capensis). --
Grass parrakeet (Zo\'94l.), any of several species of Australian
parrots, of the genus Euphemia; -- also applied to the zebra
parrakeet. -- Grass plover (Zo\'94l.), the upland or field plover. --
Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort (Lythrum Hyssopifolia).
Johnson. -- Crass quit (Zo\'94l.), one of several tropical American
finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head and
chest black and often marked with yellow.-- Grass snake. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus natrix). (b)
The common green snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake,
under Green. -- Grass snipe (Zo\'94l.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa
maculata) -- called also jacksnipe in America. -- Grass spider
(Zo\'94l.), a common spider (Agelena n\'91via), which spins flat webs
on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. -- Grass sponge
(Zo\'94l.), an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the
Bahamas. -- Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. --
Grass vetch (Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow grasslike
leaves. -- Grass widow. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G.
strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gr\'84senka a grass widow.] (a) An
unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from her
husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from
her husband. [Slang.] -- Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. -- To bring to
grass (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground. -- To
put to grass, To put out to grass, to put out to graze a season, as
cattle.
Grass
Grass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.]
1. To cover with grass or with turf.
2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.
3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish.
[Colloq.]
Grass
Grass (?), v. i. To produce grass. [R.] Tusser>/au>.
Grassation
Gras*sa"tion (?), n. [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.] A
wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.
Grass-green
Grass"-green` (?), a.
1. Green with grass.
2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.
Grass-grown
Grass"-grown` (?), a. Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.
Grasshopper
Grass"hop`per (?), n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families
Acridid\'91 and Locustid\'91. The species and genera are very
numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust
(Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the
region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the
red-legged (Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related
species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely
related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust. <--
atlanis in original. Atlantis? -->
NOTE: &hand; Th e me adow or gr een gr asshoppers be long to th e
Locustid\'91. They have long antenn\'91, large ovipositors, and
stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The
European great green grasshopper (Locusta viridissima) belongs to
this family. The common American green species mostly belong to
Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and Conocephalus.
2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement
lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the
key; -- called also the hopper. Grove.
Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its
fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the
connecting rod at an intermediate point. -- Grasshopper lobster
(Zo\'94l.) a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] -- Grasshopper warbler
(Zo\'94l.), cricket bird.
Grassiness
Grass"i*ness (?), n. [From Grassy.] The state of abounding with grass;
a grassy state.
Grassless
Grass"less, a. Destitute of grass.
Grassplot
Grass"plot` (?), n. A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here
on this grassplot." Shak.
Grass tree
Grass" tree" (?). (Bot.) (a) An Australian plant of the genus
Xanthorrh\'d2a, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of
pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long
stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like
a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the
large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of
fragrant resin, called Botany-bay gum, and Gum Acaroides. (b) A
similar Australian plant (Kingia australis).
Grassy
Grass"y (?) a.
1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy lawn.
Spenser.
2. Resembling grass; green.
Grate
Grate (?), a. [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See
Grace, and cf. Agree.] Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T.
Herbert.
Grate
Grate, n. [LL.. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same
origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.]
1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with
interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of
prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron bars." Shak.
2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel
while burning.
Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate
upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.
Grate
Grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.] To
furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to
grate a window.
Grate
Grate, v. t. [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare,
cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazz&omac;n G. kratzen, D.
krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.]
1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a
harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by
rubbing.
On their hinges grate Harsh thunder. Milton.
2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or
indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.
3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.
News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me. Shak.
Grate
Grate, v. i.
1. To make a harsh sound by friction.
I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on
the exletree. Shak.
2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to
cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation,
soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.
This grated harder upon the hearts of men. South.
<-- p. 647 this page badly done -- in need of careful proofing -->
Grated
Grat"ed (?), a. [From 2d Grate.] Furnished with a grate or grating;
as, grated windows.
Grateful
Grate"ful (?), a. [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. gr\'82 thanks, good will,
fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.]
1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one
from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay,
or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart.
A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays. Milton.
2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious;
as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep.
Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And grateful clusters
swell. Pope.
Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable;
welcome; delightful; delicious. -- Grate"ful*ly, adv. --
Grate"ful*ness, n.
Grater
Grat"er (?), a. [From Qrate, v.] One who, or that which, grates;
especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface,
for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a grater for
nutmegs.
Graticulation
Gra*tic"u*la"tion (?), n. [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr.
graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule,
graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.] The
division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily
to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.
Graticule
Grat"i*cule (?), n. [F. See Graticulation.] A design or draught which
has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other
dimensions.
Gratification
Grat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.]
1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or
the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites,
of the senses, of the desires, of the heart.
2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition:
delight.
3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton.
Glatified
Glat"i*fied (?), a. Pleased; indulged according to desire. Syn. --
Glad; pleased. See Glad.
Gratifier
Grat"i*fi"er (?), n. One who gratifies or pleases.
Gratify
Grat"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gratified (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gratifying (#).] [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]
1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge;
as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the
mind, etc.
For who would die to gratify a foe? Dryden.
2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.]
It remains . . . To gratify his noble service. Shak.
Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. -- To
Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has
reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person
implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses
which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To
humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps,
caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a
large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion;
we humor him when he is tired and exacting.
Grating
Grat"ing (?), n. [See 2d Grate.]
1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a
latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or
convent.
2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or
bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing
spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.
3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch,
admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring
of boats.
Grating
Grat"ing, a. [See Grate to rub harshy.] That grates; making a harsh
sound; harsh. -- Grat"ing*ly, adv.
Grating
Grat"ing, n. A harsh sound caused by attrition.
Gratiolin
Gra*ti"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) One of the essential principles of the
hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis).
Gratis
Gra"tis (?), adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness,
without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.] For
nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.
Gratitude
Grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus
agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] The state of being grateful; warm
and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor
received; thankfulness.
The debt immense of endless gratitude. Milton.
Gratuitous
Gra*tu"i*tous (?) a. [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See Grate,
a., Gratis.]
1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without
valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or
merit; not required by justice.
We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our
own industry. L'Estrange.
2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or
proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous
assumption.
Acts of gratuitous self-humiliation. De Quincye.
-- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n.
Gratuity
Gra*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gtratuities (#). [F. gratuit\'82, or LL.
gratuitas.]
1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a
present. Swift.
2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a
recompense or acknowledgment. <-- usually money. In particular, the
money given to a waiter, cab driver, bellhop, etc. as a reward for
good service = tip -->
Gratulate
Grat"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gratulating (?).] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to congratulate,
fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.] To salute with
declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.
Gratulate
Grat"u*late (?), a. Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]
There's more behind that is more gratulate. Shak.
Gratulation
Grat"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or
felicitating; congratulation.
I shall turn my wishes into gratulations. South.
Gratulatory
Grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or
joy; congratulatory.
The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes. Bp. Horsley.
Graunt
Graunt (?), v. & n. [Obs.] See Grant. Chaucer.
Grauwacke
Grau"wack*e (?), n. [G.] Graywacke.
Gravamen
Gra*va"men (?), n.; pl. L. Gravamina (#), E. Gravamens (#). [L., fr.
gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.]
(Law) The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the
action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint.
Bouvier.
-grave
-grave (?). A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave,
margrave. See Margrave.
Grave
Grave (?), v. t. (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles,
grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves
or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.
Grave
Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (gr&amac;v"&etil;r); superl. Gravest.] [F.,
fr. L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.]
1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]
His shield grave and great. Chapman.
2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; --
said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character,
influence, etc.
Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors. Shak.
A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity. Milton.
3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave
face.
4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a
grave note or key.
The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
(b) Slow and solemn in movement. Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note
under Accent, n., 2. Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid;
demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. -- Grave,
Sober, Serious, Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration
of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought.
Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to
jocose or sportive; as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes
a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of
weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity
of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire. Solemn is applied to a
case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn
admonition; a solemn promise.
Grave
Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (gr&amac;vd); p. p. Graven (gr&amac;v"'n) or
Graved; p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.] [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave;
akin to OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan.
grabe, Sw. gr&aum;fva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to
write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.]
1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.
He hath graven and digged up a pit. Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common
Prayer).
2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to
engrave.
Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the
children of Israel. Ex. xxviii. 9.
3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to
sculpture; as, to grave an image.
With gold men may the hearte grave. Chaucer.
4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
O! may they graven in thy heart remain. Prior.
5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground. Shak.
Grave
Grave, v. i. To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of
incised lines; to practice engraving.
Grave
Grave, n. [AS. gr?f, fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf, G.
grab, Icel. gr\'94f, Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.]
An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of
interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.
He bad lain in the grave four days. John xi. 17.
Grave wax, adipocere.
Graveclothes
Grave"clothes` (, n. pl. The clothes or dress in which the dead are
interred.
Gravedigger
Grave"dig`ger (?), n.
1. A digger of graves.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Burying beetle, under Bury, v. t.
Gravel
Grav"el (?), n. [OF. gravele, akin to F. gr?ve a sandy shore, strand;
of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W. gro coarse gravel,
pebbles, and Skr. gr&amac;van stone.]
1. Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often
intermixed with particles of sand.
2. (Med.) A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and
the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a
symptom.
Gravel powder, a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.
Gravel
Grav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graveled (?) or Gravelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Graveling or Gravelling.]
1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.
2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to
cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.
When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled
the ship. Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).
Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be graveled;
and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the
ground. Camden.
3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.]
When you were graveled for lack of matter. Shak.
The physician was so graveled and amazed withal, that he had not a
word more to say. Sir T. North.
4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and
foot.
Graveless
Grave"less (?), a. Without a grave; unburied.
Graveling, or Gravelling
Grav"el*ing (?), or Grav"el*ling, n.
1. The act of covering with gravel.
2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).
Graveling, or Gravelling
Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon one or two years
old, before it has gone to sea.
Gravelliness
Grav"el*li*ness (?), n. State of being gravelly.
Gravelly
Grav"el*ly (?), a. Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a
gravelly soil.
Gravel-stone
Grav"el-stone" (?), n. A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a
calculus.
Gravely
Grave"ly (?), adv. In a grave manner.
Graven
Grav"en (?), p. p. of Grave, v. t. Carved. Graven image, an idol; an
object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make
unto thee any graven image." Ex. xx. 4.
Graveness
Grave"ness, n. The quality of being grave.
His sables and his weeds, Importing health and graveness. Shak.
Gravenstein
Gra"ven*stein" (?), n. [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a
place in Schleswig. Downing.] A kind of fall apple, marked with
streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.
Graveolence
Gra*ve"o*lence (?), n. [L. graveolentia: cf. F. grav\'82olence. See
Graveolent.] A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey.
Graveolent
Gra*ve"o*lent (?), a. [L. graveolens; gravis heavy + olere to smell.]
Having a rank smell. [R.] Boyle.
Graver
Graver (?), n.
1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is
te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.
2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.
Gravery
Grav"er*y (?), n. The act, process, or art, of graving or carving;
engraving.
Either of picture or gravery and embossing. Holland.
Graves
Graves (?), n. pl. The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.
Graves' disease
Graves"' dis*ease" (?). [So called after Dr. Graves, of Dublin.] Same
as Basedow's disease.
Gravestone
Grave"stone (?), n. A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave,
usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a
tombstone.
Graveyard
Grave"yard" (?), n. A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead;
a cemetery.
Gravic
Grav"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic
forces; gravic attraction. [R.]
Gravid
Grav"id (?), a. [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave, a.]
Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a gravid
uterus; gravid piety. " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert.
Gravidated
Grav"i*da"ted (?), a. [L. gravidatus, p. p. of gravidare to load,
impregnate. See Gravid.] Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] Barrow.
Gravidation
Grav"i*da"tion (?), n. Gravidity. [Obs.]
Gravidity
Gra*vid"i*ty (?), n. [L. graviditas.] The state of being gravidated;
pregnancy. [R.]
Gravigrade
Grav"i*grade (?), a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zo\'94l.)
Slow-paced. -- n. One of the pachyderms.
Gravimeter
Gra*vim"e*ter (?), n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F.
gravim\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific
gravity of bodies.
Gravimetric
Grav"i*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to measurement by
weight; measured by weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly (#), adv.
Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts of the
coastituents are determined by weight; -- in distinction from
volumetric analysis.
Graving
Grav"ing (?), n. [From Grave to clean.] The act of cleaning a ship's
bottom. Graving dock. (Naut.) See under Dock.
Graving
Grav"ing, n. [From Grave to dig.]
l. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by
incision or in intaglio.
2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]
Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving. 2 Chron. ii. 14.
3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.
New gravings upon their souls. Eikon Basilike
Gravitate
Grav"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gravitating (?).] [Cf. F. graviter. See Gravity.] To obey the law of
gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the
influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any
object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies
gravitate toward each other. Sir W. Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party.
Macaulay.
Gravitation
Grav"i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.]
1. The act of gravitating.
2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or
particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called
also attraction of gravitation, universal gravitation, and universal
gravity. See Attraction, and Weight.
Law of gravitatian, that law in accordance with which gravitation
acts, namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the
universe attract each other with a force proportional directly to the
quantity of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their
distances.
Gravitational
Grav`i*tation*al (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the force of
gravity; as, gravitational units.
Gravitative
Gravi*ta*tive (?), a. Causing to gravitate; tending to a center.
Coleridge.
Gravity
Grav"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gravities (#). [L. gravitas, fr. gravis heavy;
cf. F. gravit\'82. See Grave, a., Grief.]
1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead.
2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and learning."<
Shak. <-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof - especially italicized words
(aso in etymologies) are not properly marked-->
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness;
enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where
they were uttered. Burke.
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of
attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the
earth; terrestrial gravitation.
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
Center of gravity See under Center. -- Gravity battery, See Battery,
n., 4. -- Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or
unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air
for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact
that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.
Gravy
Gra"vy (?), n; pl. Gravies (#). [OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves,
graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See Greaves.]
1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking,
made into a dressing for the food when served up.
2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.
Gray
Gray (?), a. [Compar. Grayer (; superl. Grayest.] [OE. gray, grey, AS.
gr?g, gr?g; akin to D. graauw OHG. gr?o, G. grau, Dan. graa, Dw. gr?,
Icel. grdr.] [Written also grey.]
1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of
ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as,
the soft gray eye of a dove.
These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and
blacks. Sir I. Newton.
2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.
3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames.
Gray antimony (Min.), stibnite. -- Gray buck (Zo\'94l.), the chickara.
-- Gray cobalt (Min.), smaltite. -- Gray copper (Min.), tetrahedrite.
-- Gray duck (Zo\'94l.), the gadwall; also applied to the female
mallard. -- Gray falcon (Zo\'94l.) the peregrine falcon. -- Gray
Friar. See Franciscan, and Friar. -- Gray hen (Zo\'94l.), the female
of the blackcock or black grouse. See Heath grouse. -- Gray mill or
millet (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Lithospermum;
gromwell. -- Gray mullet (Zo\'94l.) any one of the numerous species of
the genus Mugil, or family Mugilid&ae;, found both in the Old World
and America; as the European species (M. capito, and M. auratus), the
American striped mullet (M. albula), and the white or silver mullet
(M. Braziliensis). See Mullet. -- Gray owl (Zo\'94l.), the European
tawny or brown owl (Syrnium aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula cinerea)
inhabits arctic America. -- Gray parrot (Zo\'94l.), a parrot
(Psittacus erithacus), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its
aptness in learning to talk. -- Gray pike. (Zo\'94l.) See Sauger. --
Gray snapper (Zo\'94l.), a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See Snapper.
-- Gray snipe (Zo\'94l.), the dowitcher in winter plumage. -- Gray
whale (Zo\'94l.), a rather large and swift California whale
(Rhachianectes glaucus), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays;
-- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.
Gray
Gray, n.
1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or
whitish tint.
2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind
of salmon.
Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my
gallant gray. Sir W. Scott.
Grayback
Gray"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The California gray whale. (b) The
redbreasted sandpiper or knot. (c) The dowitcher. (d) The body louse.
Graybeard
Gray"beard` (?), n. An old man. Shak.
Grayfly
Gray"fly` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The trumpet fly. Milton.
Grayhound
Gray"hound` (-hound`), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Greyhound.
Grayish
Gray"ish, a. Somewhat gray.
Graylag
Gray"lag` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common wild gray goose (Anser anser)
of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See
Illust. of Goose.
Grayling
Gray"ling (?), n. [From Gray, a.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A European fish (Thymallus vulgaris), allied to the
trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; -- called also umber. It
inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.
And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling.
Tennyson.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish of the genus Thymallus, having similar
habits to the above; one species (T. Ontariensis), inhabits several
streams in Michigan; another (T. montanus), is found in the
Yellowstone region.
Grayness
Gray"ness, n. The quality of being gray.
Gtraystone
Gtray"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) A grayish or greenish compact rock,
composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.
Graywacke
Gray"wacke` (?), n. [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke wacke. See Gray,
and Wacke, and cf. Grauwacke.] (Geol.) A conglomerate or grit rock,
consisting of rounded pebbles sand firmly united together.
NOTE: &hand; This term, derved from the grauwacke of German miners,
was formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of
the Silurian series; but it is now seldom used.
Graze
Graze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grazed (p. pr. & vb. n. Grazing.] [OE.
grasen, AS. grasian, fr. gr?s grass. See Grass.]
1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish
pasture for.
A field or two to graze his cows. Swift.
2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a
pasture); to browse.
The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead. Pope.
3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.
When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep. Shak.
4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as,
the bullet grazed the wall.
Graze
Graze, v. i.
1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the
meadows.
2. To yield grass for grazing. The ground cortinueth the wet, whereby
it will never graze to purpose. Bacon.
3. To touch something lightly in passing.
Graze
Graze, n.
1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.]
Turning him out for a grace on the common. T. Hughes.
2. A light touch; a slight scratch.
Grazer
Graz"er (?), n. One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing
grass or herbage.
The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want.
J. Philips.
Grazier
Gra"zier (?), n. One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen. Stow.
Grazing
Graz"ing (?), n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.
2. A pasture; growing grass.
Grazioso
Gra"zi*o"so (?), adv. [It., adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.) Gracefully;
smoothly; elegantly.
Gre
Gre (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]
Gre
Gre, n. See Gree, good will. [Obs.]
Grease
Grease (gres), n. [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat,
greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf. Crass.]
1. Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state;
oily or unctuous matter of any kind.
2. (Far.) An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary
greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness,
followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences.
Grease bush. (Bot.) Same as Grease wood (below). -- Grease moth
(Zo\'94l.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) whose larva eats
greasy cloth, etc. -- Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and
somewhat prickly shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) of the Spinach
family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to
California. The name is also applied to other plants of the same
family, as several species of Atriplex and Obione.
Grease
Grease (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greased (grezd or gresd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Greasing.]
1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as, to
grease the wheels of a wagon.
2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents.
The greased advocate that grinds the poor. Dryden.
3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
4. (Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease.
To grease in the hand, to corrupt by bribes. Usher.
Greaser
Greas"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed to
lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc.
2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest
type. [Low, U. S.]
Greasily
Greas"i*ly (?), adv.
1. In a greasy manner.
2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.]
You talk greasily; your lips grow foul. Shak.
Greasiness
Greas"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness;
unctuousness; grossness.
Greasy
Greas"y (?), a. [Compar. Greasier (
1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a
greasy dish.
2. Smeared or defiled with grease.
With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers. Shak.
3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is
mineral soapstone.
4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak.
5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston.
6. (Far.) Affected with the disease called grease; as, the heels of a
horse. See Grease, n., 2.
Great
Great (?), a. [Compar. Greater (; superl. Greatest.] [OE. gret, great,
AS. gre?t; akin to OS. & LG. gr?t, D. groot, OHG. gr?z, G. gross. Cf.
Groat the coin.]
1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; --
opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain,
distance, length.
2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series,
etc.
3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a
great while; a great interval.
4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions,
and feelings.
5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to
accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great
hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.
6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed;
formost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal,
etc.
He doth object I am too great of birth. Shak.
7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great
argument, truth, or principle.
8. Pregnant; big (with young).
The ewes great with young. Ps. lxxviii. 71.
9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to
use great caution; to be in great pain.
We have all Great cause to give great thanks. Shak.
10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation;
-- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the
direct line of de scent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a
grand- mother's father), great-grandson, etc.
Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. -- Great cattle
(Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. --
Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. -- Great circle of a sphere,
a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere.
-- Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a
great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places.
-- Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of
Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes. -- Great guns.
(Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes
(Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the
northern borders of the United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand
master, under Grand. -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of
the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and
the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played
upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- The
great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France,
Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under Type.
-- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate
the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great
sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the
Mediterranean seas are so called. -- Great seal. (a) The principal
seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor
(who is custodian of this seal); also, his office.<-- #sp in original,
"Britain" was "Britian" --> -- Great tithes. See under Tithes. -- The
great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great Spirit,
among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. --
To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon.
Great
Great (?), n. The whole.; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by
the great.
Great-bellied
Great"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant;
teeming. Shak.
Greatcoat
Great"coat" (?), n. An overcoat.
Greaten
Great"en (?), v. t. To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase
in size; to expand. [R.]
A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king]. Ken.
Greaten
Great"en, v. i. To become large; to dilate. [R.]
My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass. Mrs. Browning.
Great-grandchild
Great"-grand"child` (?), n. The child of one's grandson or
granddaughter.
Great-granddaughter
Great"-grand"daugh`ter (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A daughter of one's
grandson or granddaughter.
Great-grandfather
Great"-grand"fa`ther (?), n. [See Great, 10.] The father of one's
grandfather or grandmother.
Great-grandmother
Great"-grand"moth`er (?), n. The mother of one's grandfather or
grandmother.
Great-grandson
Great"-grand"son` (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A son of one's grandson or
granddaughter.
Great-hearted
Great"-heart`ed (?), a.
1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.
2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.
Great-heartedness
Great"-heart`ed*ness, n. The quality of being greathearted;
high-mindedness; magnanimity.
Greatly
Great"ly, adv.
1. In a great degree; much.
I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Gen. iii. 16.
2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.
By a high fate thou greatly didst expire. Dryden.
Greatness
Great"ness, n. [AS. gre\'a0tnes.]
1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of
size, greatness of mind, power, etc.
2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]It is not of pride or greatness that he
cometh not aboard your ships. Bacon.
Greave
Greave (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.
Greave
Greave, n. [OF. greees; cf. Sp. grevas.] Armor for the leg below the
knee; -- usually in the plural.
Greave
Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (gr&emac;vd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Greaving.] [From Greaves.] (Naut.) To clean (a ship's bottom); to
grave.
Greaves
Greaves (gr&emac;vz), n. pl. [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG.
greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.] The sediment of
melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is
called cracklings. [Written also graves.]
Grebe
Grebe (gr&emac;b), n. [F. gr?be, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben
crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one
species.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several swimming birds or divers, of the
genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the
northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp
bills, and lobate toes.
Grecian
Gre"cian" (?), a. [Cf. Greek.] Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek.
Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper
part being inclined forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek
fire, under Greek.
Grecian
Gre"cian, n.
1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.
2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1.
NOTE: &hand; Th e Gr eek wo rd re ndered Gr ecian in the Authorized
Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the
Revised Version.
6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De
Quincey.
Grecism
Gre"cism (?), n. [Cf. F. gr\'82cisme.] An idiom of the Greek language;
a Hellenism. Addison. <-- p. 649 most of page has no marks in
etymology or in "as" sections (italics not marked) -->
Grecize
> Gre"cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grecizing.] [Cf. F. gr\'82ciser.]
1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another
language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton.
2. To translate into Greek.
Grecize, Grecianize
> Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (, v. i. To conform to the Greek custom,
especially in speech.
Greco-Roman
> Gre"co-Ro"man (?), a. Having characteristics that are partly Greek
and partly Roman; as, Greco-Roman architecture.
Grecque
> Grecque (gr&ecr;k), n. [F.] An ornament supposed to be of Greek
origin, esp. a fret or meander,
Gree
> Gree (?), n. [F. gr\'82. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.]
1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such
phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take
favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke. Fairfax.
2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
He is a shepherd great in gree. Spnser.
3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to
carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
Gree
> Gree, v. i. [From Agree.] To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.
Gree
> Gree, n.; pl. Grees (gr&emac;z); obs. plurals Greece (gr&emac;s)
Grice (gr?s or gr?s), Grise, Grize (gr?z or gr?z), etc. [OF. gr\'82,
F. grade. See Grade.] A step.
Greece
> Greece (?), n. pl. See Gree a step. [Obs.]
Greed
> Greed (?), n. [Akin to Goth. gr?dus hunger, Icel. gr&amac;&edh;r.
&root;34. See Greedy.] An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a
greed of gain.
Greedily
> Greed"i*ly (?), adv. In a greedy manner.
Greediness
> Greed"i*ness, n. [AS gr?dignes.] The quality of being greedy;
vehement and selfish desire.
Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak.
Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.
Greedy
> Greed"y (?), a. [Compar. Greedier (-&icr;-&etil;r); superl.
Greediest.] [OE. gredi, AS. gr?dig, gr?dig; akin to D. gretig, OS.
gr?dag, OHG. gr?tag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, gr?dig, Icel. gra?ugr,
Goth. gr?dags greedy, gr?d?n to be hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy.
Cf. Greed.]
1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very
hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey.
2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to
obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.
Greedy-gut
> Greed"y-gut" (?), n. A glutton. [Low] Todd.
Greegree
> Gree"gree" (?), n. An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm. A greegree
man, an African magician or fetich priest.
Greek
> Greek (?), a. [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F. grec. Cf.
Grecian.] Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek
calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern
Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or
Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of
the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established
church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed
by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross.
See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. --
Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the
constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and
sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion.
Greek
> Greek, n.
1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the
language of Greece.
2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang]
Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . .
offer many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev.
3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]
Greekess
> Greek"ess (?), n. A female Greek. [R.]
Greekish
> Greek"ish, a. [Cf. AS. Gr&emac;cisc.] Peculiar to Greece.
Greekling
> Greek"ling (?), n. A little Greek, or one of small esteem or
pretensions. B. Jonson.
Green
> Green (?), a. [Compar. Greener (; superl. Greenest.] [OE. grene, AS.
gr?ne; akin to D. groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni, G. gr?n, Dan. & Sw.
gr?n, Icel. gr?nn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.]
1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that
color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue;
verdant; emerald.
2. Having a sickly color; wan.
To look so green and pale. Shak.
3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a
green manhood; a green wound.
As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against .
. . the greenest usurpation. Burke.
4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit,
corn, vegetables, etc.
5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]
We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts.
6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward;
as, green in years or judgment.
I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its
green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott.
7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green
wood, timber, etc. Shak.
Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia)
having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of
flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. --
Green con (Zo\'94l.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zo\'94l.), an
edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New
England locally named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food
while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop,
root crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of
pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American
herbaceous plant (Aris\'91ma Dracontium), resembling the Indian
turnip; -- called also dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety
of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive
rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also mountain green.
-- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia),
having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and
in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire
(Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists
of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually
the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. -- Green fly
(Zo\'94l.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that
infest greenhouse plants. -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the
Vocabulary. -- Green gland (Zo\'94l.), one of a pair of large green
glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their
outlets at the bases of the larger antenn\'91. -- Green hand, a
novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree
found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding
or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra
Rodi\'d2i, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green
iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed
(Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. -- Green lead ore
(Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zo\'94l.), the greenfinch. --
Green looper (Zo\'94l.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.),
serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a
pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zo\'94l.) a West African
long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed,
and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies
early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. --
Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt,
consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. --
Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly
damp, and not dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a
wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness
(Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zo\'94l.), one of two harmless
American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. \'91stivus). They are
bright green in color. -- Green turtle (Zo\'94l.), an edible marine
turtle. See Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a
light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the
preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas,
melanterite and sulphate of iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery
molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zo\'94l.),
a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also yaffle.
Green
> Green (gren), n.
1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum
intermediate between the yellow and the blue.
2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant
herbage; as, the village green.
O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton.
3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; --
usually in the plural.
In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens,
and wake the rising flowers. Pope.
4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc.,
which in their green state are boiled for food.
5. Any substance or pigment of a green color.
Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of
a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also
Helvetia green.-- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant
green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in
composition. -- Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome
green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic
derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline
substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable
fiber a brilliant green; -- called also aldehyde green, acid green,
malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found
as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See
Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment
employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting
essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.),
an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance
having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. --
Mineral green. See under Mineral. -- Mountain green. See Green earth,
under Green, a. -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder,
consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and
arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for
wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an
exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also
Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and
mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting
essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish
green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel
green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.
Green
> Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n.
Greening.] To make green.
Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson.
<-- THe Greening of America [Reich] -->
Green
> Green, v. i. To become or grow green. Tennyson.
By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier.
Greenback
> Green"back" (?), n. One of the legal tender notes of the United
States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back
printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.
Greenbacker
> Green"back"er (?), n. One of those who supported greenback or paper
money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]
Greenbone
> Green"bone (?), n. [So named because the bones are green when
boiled.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The
European eelpout.
Green-broom
> Green"-broom` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Genista (G.
tinctoria); dyer's weed; -- called also greenweed.
Greencloth
> Green"cloth` (-kl&ocr;th`; 115), n. A board or court of justice
formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's
household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having
cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to
correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace,
which extends two hundred yards beyond the gatees.
Greenery
> Green"er*y (?), n. Green plants; verdure.
A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in
greenery. J. Ingelow.
Green-eyed
> Green"-eyed (?), a.
1. Having green eyes.
2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts.
"Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.
Greenfinch
> Green"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); -- called also green bird,
green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.
2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general
color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.
Greenfish
> Green"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Bluefish, and Pollock.
Greengage
> Green"gage` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of plum of medium size, roundish
shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France
Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage.
Greengill
> Green"gill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An oyster which has the gills tinged
with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the
blood.
Greengrocer
> Green"gro`cer (?), n. A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their
fresh or green state.
Greenhead
> Green"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped
bass. See Bass.
Greenhead, Greenhood
> Green"head (?), Green"hood (?), n. A state of greenness; verdancy.
Chaucer.
Greenhorn
> Green"horn` (?), n. A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed
upon. W. Irving.
Greenhouse
> Green"house` (?), n. A house in which tender plants are cultivated
and sheltered from the weather.
Greening
> Green"ing, n. A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which
the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid
flesh and its excellent keeping quality.
Greenish
> Green"ish, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a
greenish yellow. -- Green"ish*ness, n.
Greenlander
> Green"land*er (?), n. A native of Greenland.
Green-leek
> Green"-leek` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis
Barrabandi); -- called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.
Greenlet
> Green"let (?), n. l. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of small
American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or
blue-headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V.
Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the
yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.
2. (Zo\'94l,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American
birds allied to the tits.
Greenly
> Green"ly, adv. With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a.
Of a green color. [Obs.]
Greenness
> Green"ness, n. [AS. gr?nnes. See Green.]
1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness
of grass, or of a meadow.
2. Freshness; vigor; newness.
3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience;
as, the greenness of youth.
Greenockite
> Green"ock*ite (?), n. [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.) Native
cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals,
also as an earthy incrustation.
Greenroom
> Green"room` (gr&emac;n"room`), n. The retiring room of actors and
actresses in a theater.
Greensand
> Green"sand` (-s, n. (Geol.) A variety of sandstone, usually
imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate
of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of
phosphate of lime.
NOTE: &hand;Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful
fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong
mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.
Greenshank
> Green"shank` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A European sandpiper or snipe
(Totanus canescens); -- called also greater plover.
Green-stall
> Green"-stall` (?), n. A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables
are exposed for sale.
Greenstone
> Green"stone` (gr&emac;n"st&omac;n`), n. [So called from a tinge of
green in the color.] (Geol.) A name formerly applied rather loosely to
certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.
Greensward
> Green"sward` (-sward') n. Turf green with grass.
Greenth
> Greenth (gr&emac;nth), n. [Cf. Growth.] The state or quality of
being green; verdure. [R.]
The greenth of summer. G. Eliot.
Greenweed
> Green"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Greenbroom.
Greenwood
> Green"wood` (?), n. A forest as it appears is spring and summer.
Greenwood
> Green"wood`, a. Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade.
Dryden.
Greet
> Greet (?), a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Greet
> Greet, v. i. [OE. greten, AS. gr?tan, gr?lan; akin to Icel. grata,
Sw. gi?ta, Dan. gr?de, Goth. gr?ctan; cf. Skr. hr?d to sound, roar.
&root;50.] To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also
greit.] Spenser.
Greet
> Greet, n. Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.
Greet
> Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] [OE.
greten, AS. gr?tan to address, approach; akin to OS. gr, LG\'3e
gr\'94ten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. gr\'81ssen. &root;50.]
1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to
salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay
respects or compliments to, either personally or through the
intervention of another, or by writing or token.
My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak.
2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad.
In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison.
3. To accost; to address. Pope. <-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . .
the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->
Greet
> Greet (?), v. i. To meet and give salutations.
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace.
Shak.
Greet
> Greet, n. Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.
Greeter
> Greet"er (?), n. One who greets or salutes another.
Greeter
> Greet"er, n. One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]
Greeting
> Greet"ing, n. Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting;
a compliment from one absent.
Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak. Syn. --
Salutation; salute; compliment.
Greeve
> Greeve (?), n. See Grieve, an overseer.
Greeze
> Greeze (?), n. A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]
The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this. Latimer.
Greffier
> Gref"fi*er (?), n. [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L.
graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See
Graft, and cf. Graffer.] A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Gregal
> Gre"gal (?), a. [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.] Pertaining
to, or like, a flock.
For this gregal conformity there is an excuse. W. S. Mayo.
Gregarian
> Gre*ga"ri*an (?), a. Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common
sort; common. [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.
\d8Gregarin\91
> \"d8Greg`a*ri"n\"91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical
genus, fr. L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals,
as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small,
wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in
one of the young stages, they are am\'d2biform; -- called also
Gregarinida, and Gregarinaria.
Gregarine
> Greg"a*rine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Gregarin\'91. -- n. One of the Gregarin\'91.
\d8Gregarinida
> \"d8Greg`a*rin"i*da (?) Gregarin\'91.
Gregarious
> Gre*ga"ri*ous (?), a. [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf.
Gr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.] Habitually living
or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together;
not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke.
No birds of prey are gregarious. Ray.
<-- 2. (of people) enjoying companionship; sociable; not solitary.
3. (of plants) growing in clusters. --> -- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv.
-- Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.
Grege
> Grege (?), Greg"ge (, v. t. [OE. gregier to burden.] To make
heavy; to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Greggoe, Grego
> Greg"goe (?), Gre"go (?), n. [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp.
Griego, or Pg. Grego.] A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick,
coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others
in the Levant. [Written also griego.]
Gregorian
> Gre*go"ri*an (?), a. [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr.
gr\'82gorien.] Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named
Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name.
Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in
1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to
harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of
the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See
Gregorian year (below). -- Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or
canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight
celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I.
(called "the Great") in the 6th century. -- Gregorian modes, the
musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the
ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. -- Gregorian telescope
(Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James
Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave
mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with
that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the
latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind
it. -- Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the
Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which
is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has
366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note
under Style, n., 7.
Greillade
> Greil"lade (?), n. (Metal.) Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for
reduction by the Catalan process.
Greisen
> Grei"sen (?), n. (Min.) A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and
mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.
Greit
> Greit (?), v. i. See Greet, to weep.
Greith
> Greith (?), v. t. [Icel. grct?a: cf. AS. ger?dan to arrange; pref.
ge- + r ready. Cf. Ready.] To make ready; -- often used reflexively.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Greith
> Greith, n. [Icel. grci?i. See Greith, v.] Goods; furniture. [Obs.]
NOTE: See Graith.
Gremial
> Gre"mi*al (?), a. [L. gremium lap, bosom.] Of or pertaining to the
lap or bosom. [R.]
Gremial
> Gre"mi*al, n.
1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. (Ecol.) A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on
the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining
priests.
Grenade
> Gre*nade" (?), n. [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp.
granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblanse of
its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf.
Pomegranate.] (Min.) A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder
of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the
hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or
glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown
from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon
besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher
consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown
into the flames. Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades
of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a
trough.
Grenadier
> Gren`a*dier" (?), n. [F. grenadier. See Grenade.]
1. (Mil.) Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades;
afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion,
taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform.
In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a
grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier
Guards of the British army, etc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body
and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called
also onion fish, and rat-tail fish.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana
orix), having the back red and the lower parts black.
Grenadillo
> Gren`a*dil"lo (?), n. [Sp. granadillo.] A handsome tropical American
wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; --
called also Grenada cocos, or cocus, and red ebony.
Grenadine
> Gren`a*dine" (?), n. [F.]
1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.
2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure
fuchsine. <-- 3. a liqueur -->
Grenado
> Gre*na"do (?), n. Same as Grenade.
Grene
> Grene (?), a. Green. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gres
> Gres (?), n. Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gressorial, Gressorious
> Gres*so"ri*al (?), Gres*so"ri*ous (?), a. [L. gressus, p. p. of
gradi to step, go.] (Zool.) Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as
the feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.
Gret, Grete
> Gret (?), Grete (, a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gretto
> Gret"to (?), obs. imp. of Greet, to salute.
Greve
> Greve (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Grew
> Grew (?), imp. of Grow.
Grewsome, Grue'some
> Grew"some (?), Grue'some, a. [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror,
terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.] Ugly;
frightful.
Grewsome sights of war. C. Kingsley.
Grey
> Grey (?), a. See Gray (the correct orthography).
Greyhound
> Grey"hound` (?), n. [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond,
Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. gr?ghund. The
origin of the first syllable is unknown.] A slender, graceful breed of
dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest
varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written
also grayhound.]
Greylag
> Grey"lag` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Graylag.
Gribble
> Grib"ble (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which
burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles
of wharves, both in Europe and America.
Grice
> Grice (?), n. [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. gr?ss,
Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. ?, Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise,
Griskin.] A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]
Grice
> Grice (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Grid
> Grid (?), n. A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.
Griddle
> Grid"dle (?), n. [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf.
W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I
burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.]
1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.
2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.
Griddlecake
> Grid"dle*cake` (?), n. A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a
thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.
Gride
> Gride (?), e. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.]
[For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf.
Grid to strike, sneer.] To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to
penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton.
That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride. Spenser.
Grade
> Grade, n. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
The grade of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and
stone. Whittier.
Gridelin
> Grid"e*lin (?), n. [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.] A color
mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also gredaline,
grizelin.] Dryden.
Gridiron
> Grid"i`ron (?), n. [OE. gredire, gredirne, from tthe same source as
E. griddle, but the ending wass confused with E. iron. See Griddle.]
1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.
2. (Naut.) An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for
examination, cleaning, and repairs. <--
3. (Sport) A football field. -->
Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. -- Gridiron valve (Steam
Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations
corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.
Grief
> Grief (?), n. [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L. gravis
heavy; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. guru, Goth. ka?rus. Cf. Barometer, Grave,
a., Grieve, Gooroo.]
1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering
arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of
one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.
The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that
she died for grief of it. Addison.
2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial;
grievance.
Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak.
3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.]
This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous
mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood.
To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc.,
causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow;
distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is
the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which
commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent
mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of
a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into
habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with
sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other
times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as
are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of
friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind,
experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan.See Affliction.
Griefful
> Grief"ful (?), a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackvingle.
Griefless
> Grief"less, a. Without grief. Huloet.
Griego
> Grie"go (?), n. See Greggoe.
Grievable
> Griev"a*ble (?), a. Lamentable. [Obs.]
Griev'ance
> Griev'ance (?), n. [OF. grcvance. See Grieve, v. t.]
1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered;
that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising
from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.
2. Grieving; grief; affliction.
The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton.
Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.
Grievancer
> Griev"an*cer (?), n. One who occasions a grievance; one who gives
ground for complaint. [Obs.]
Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers. Fuller.
Grieve, Greeve
> Grieve (?), Greeve, n. [AS. ger. Cf. Reeve an officer.] A manager of
a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.]
Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. Sir W. Scott.
Grieve
> Grieve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grieving.] [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress,
fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.]
1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make
sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try.
Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30.
The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper,
2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]
Grieve
> Grieve, v. i. To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an
evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over.
Do not you grieve at this. Shak.
Griever
> Griev"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grieves.
Grieving
> Griev"ing, a. Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. -- n. The act of
causing grief; the state of being grieved. -- Griev'ing-ly, adv. Shak.
Grievous
> Griev"ous (?), a. [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.]
1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear;
offensive; harmful.
The famine was grievous in the land. Gen. xii. 10.
The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight. Gen. xxi 11.
2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious;
as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.
3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction;
as, a grievous cry. -- Griev"ous*ly, adv. -- Griev"ous*ness, n.
Griff
> Griff (?), n. [Cf. Gripe.]
1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.]
A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff. Holland.
2. [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving) An
arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise
the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods. Knight.
Griffe
> Griffe (?), n. [F.] The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro;
also, a mulatto. [Local, U. S.]
Griffin
> Grif"fin (?), n. An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from
Europe. H. Kingsley.
Griffin, Griffon
> Grif"fin (?), Grif"fon (?), n. [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F.
griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr.
1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often
represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.
2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the
mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; --
called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the
Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]
_________________________________________________________________
Page 651
4. An English early apple.
Grig
Grig (?), n. [Cf. Sw. kr\'84k little creature, reptile; or D. kriek
cricket, E. cricket.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small
eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey.
As merry as a grig [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to
be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an
allusion to the cricket.
Gril
Gril (?), a. [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or
eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.]
Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Grill
Grill, n. [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.]
1. A gridiron.
[They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton.
2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.
Grill
Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] [F.
griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. gra\'8bl, L. craticulum for craticula
fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate,
n.]
1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons,
grilling them on gridirons. Marvell.
2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.
Grillade
Gril*lade" (, n. [F. See Grill, v. t.] The act of grilling; also, that
which is grilled.
Grillage
Gril"lage (?), n. [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.) A framework of sleepers and
crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.
Grille
Grille (?), a. [F. See Grill, v. t.] A lattice or grating.
The grille which formed part of the gate. L. Oliphant.
Grilly
Gril"ly (?), v. t. [See Grill, v. t.] To broil; to grill; hence, To
harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.
Grilse
Grilse (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon after
its first return from the sea.
Grim
Grim (?), a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (.] [AS. grim;
akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw.
grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr. Of
forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel;
frightful; horrible.
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. Shak
.
The ridges of grim war. Milton.
Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful;
ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.
Grimace
Gri*mace" (?), n. [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr mask,
specter, Ical. gr mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.] A distortion of
the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad
occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation,
complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face.
Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of
it appeared under a different distortion. Addison.
NOTE: &hand; "H alf the French words used affectedly by Melantha in
Dryden's "Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are
now in common usa: chagrin, double--entendre, \'82claircissement,
embarras, \'82quivoque, foible, grimace, na\'8bvete, ridicule. All
these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now
in common use."
I. Disraeli.
Grimace
Gri*mace", v. i. To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make
faces. H. Martineau.
Grimaced
Gri*maced" (?), a. Distorted; crabbed.
Grimalkin
Gri*mal"kin (?), n. [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.] An old cat, esp.
a she-cat. J. Philips.
Grime
Grime (?), n. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr
mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E.
grimace.] Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply
ingrained.
Grime
Grime, v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.
Grimily
Grim"i*ly (?), adv. In a grimy manner.
Griminess
Grim"i*ness n. The state of being grimy.
Grimly
Grim"ly (?), a. Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]
In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D.
Mallet.
Grimly
Grim"ly, adv. In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.
Grimme
Grimme (?), n. [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope
(Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal
stripe of black; -- called also conquetoon.
Grimness
Grim"ness (?), n. [AS. grimnes.] Fierceness of look; sternness;
crabbedness; forbiddingness.
Grimsir
Grim"sir (?), n. A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.
Grimy
Grim"y (?), a. [Compar. Grimier (?); superl. Grimiest.] Full of grime;
begrimed; dirty; foul.
Grin
Grin (?), n. [AS. grin.] A snare; a gin. [Obs.]
Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. Remedy of Love.
Grin
Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.] [OE.
grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen, G.
greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. Groan.]
1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.
2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth
and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in
laughter, acorn, or pain.
The pangs of death do make him grin. Shak.
Grin
Grin, v. t. To express by grinning.
Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.
Grin
Grin, n. The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of
withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or
smeering smile. I.Watts.
He showed twenty teeth at a grin. Addison.
Grind
Grind (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grinding.] [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind.
Cf. Grist.]
1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the
teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action
of millstones.
Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2.
2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth,
sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one
another, as teeth, etc.
3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.
To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden.
4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]
Grind
Grind (?), v. i.
1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the
millstones.
Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton.
2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds
well.
3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds
smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.
4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study
hard, as for an examination. Farrar.
Grind
Grind, n.
1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and
uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.
3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]
Grinded
Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind. Ground. Sir W. Scott.
Grindelia
Grin*de"li*a (?), n. [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.]
(Med.) The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a
remedy in asthma and bronchitis.
Grinder
Grind"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, grinds.
2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a
molar.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of
Australia; -- called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It
makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes.
Grinder's asthma, phthisis, OR rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by
the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given
off in the operation of grinding.
Grindery
Grind"er*y (?), n. Leather workers' materials. [Eng.] Grindery
warehouse, a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept
on sale. [Eng.]
Grinding
Grind"ing, a. & n. from Grind. Grinding frame, an English name for a
cotton spinning machine. -- Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding
grain. (b) A lapidary's lathe.
Grindingly
Grind"ing*ly, adv. In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]
Grindle
Grin"dle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The bowfin; -- called also Johnny Grindle.
[Local, U. S.]
Grindle stone
Grin"dle stone" (?). A grindstone. [Obs.]
Grindlet
Grind"let (?), n. A small drain.
Grindstone
Grind"stone` (?), n. A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for
grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects. To
hold, pat, OR bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to
keep one in a condition of servitude.
They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the
Laced\'91monians to hold their noses to the grindstone. Sir T.
North.
Grinner
Grin"ner (?), n. One who grins. Addison.
Grinningly
Grin"ning*ly, adv. In a grinning manner.
Grint
Grint (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, contr. from grindeth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Grinte
Grin"te (?), obs. imp. of Grin, v. i., 1.
[He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth. Chaucer.
Grinting
Grint"ing (?), n. Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Grip
Grip (?), n. [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zo\'94l.) The
griffin. [Obs.]
Grip
Grip, n. [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.] A small ditch or
furrow. Ray.
Grip
Grip, v. t. To trench; to drain.
Grip
Grip, n. [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.]
1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in
grasping.
2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret
association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.
3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip
of a sword.
4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.
Grip
Grip, v. t. [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; -- of German
origin. See Gripe, v. t.] To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.
Gripe
Gripe (?), n. [See Grype.] (Zo\'94l.) A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.]
Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws. Shak.
Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson.
Gripe
Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] [AS.
gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr, Icel. gripa, Sw.
gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ. grabite to
plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t., Grope.]
1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to
clutch.
2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely.
Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure ? Robynson (More's
Utopia).
3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and
spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain
purgative or indigestible substances.
How inly sorrow gripes his soul. Shak.
Gripe
Gripe, v. i.
1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as
with a gripe.
2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke.
3. (Naut.) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when
sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana,
Jr. <-- 4. to complain -->
Gripe
Gripe, n.
1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch.
A barren scepter in my gripe. Shak.
2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of
a sword.
3. (Mech.) A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop
a wheel.
4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the
gripe of poverty.
5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly used in
the plural.
6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the
fore end; the forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern
under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c)
pl. An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to
ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad
bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent
swinging.
Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard<-- ; a pinchpenny? -->. D. L.
Mackenzie.
Gripeful
Gripe"ful (?), a. Disposed to gripe; extortionate.
Griper
Grip"er (?), a. One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton.
Gripingly
Grip"ing*ly (?), adv. In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon.
Griman
Gri"man (?), n. The man who manipulates a grip.
Grippe
Grippe (?), n. [F.] (Med.) The influenza or epidemic catarrh.
Dunglison.
Gripper
Grip"per (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.
2. pl. In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.
Gripple
Grip"ple (?), n. A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser.
Gripple
Grip"ple, a. [Dim. fr. gripe.] Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Grippleness
Grip"ple*ness, n. The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]
Gripsack
Grip"sack` (?), n. A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]
Gris
Gris (?), a. [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG.
gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.] Gray. [R.] Chaucer.
Gris
Gris (?), n. [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the
gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.] A costly kind of
fur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gris
Gris (gr&icr;s), n. sing. & pl. [See Grice a pig.] A little pig.
[Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Grisaille
Gri"saille` (?), n. [F., from gris gray.]
1. (Fine Arts) Decorative painting in gray monochrome; -- used in
English especially for painted glass.
2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight.
Grisamber
Gris"am`ber (?), n. [See Ambergris.] Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton.
Grise
Grise (gr&imac;s), n. See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]
Grise
Grise (gr&imac;s OR gr&emac;s), n. [Prop. pl. of gree a step.] A step
(in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.]
Every grise of fortune Is smoothed by that below. Shak.
Griseous
Gris"e*ous (?), a. [LL. griseus. See Gris.] Of a light color, or
white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly. Maunder.
Grisette
Gri*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris
gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of
this stuff. See Gars.] A French girl or young married woman of the
lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of
gallantry. Sterne.
Griskin
Gris"kin (?), n. [Grise a pig + -kin.] The spine of a hog. [Obs.]
Grisled
Gri"sled (?), a. [Obs.] See Grizzled.
Grisliness
Gris"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir
P. Sidney.
Grisly
Gris"ly (?), a. [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr. gro
shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenl?ch, and also AS.
gre?san to frighten, and E. gruesome.] Frightful; horrible; dreadful;
harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly specter. "Grisly to behold."
Chaucer.
A man of grisly and stern gravity. Robynson (More's Utopia).
Grisly bear. (Zo\'94l.) See under Grizzly.
Grison
Gri"son (?), n. [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See
Gris.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae
(Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail.
Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A
South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.
Grisons
Gri"sons (?), n. pl. [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss
Alps. (b) sing. The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.
Grist
Grist (?), n. [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]
1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is
carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces.
Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store. Tusser. Q.
2. Supply; provision. Swift.
3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope
three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three
strands. Knight.
All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do
with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] -- To bring grist to the maill,
to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of
profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.
Gristle
Gris"tle (?), n. [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries.
gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila,
krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.) Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.
Gristly
Gris"tly (?), a. (Anat.) Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like
gristle; cartilaginous.
Gristmill
Grist"mill" (?), n. A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for
grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers;
a custom mill.
Grit
Grit (?), n. [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. gre\'a2t grit, sant,
dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess,
Icel. grj\'d3t, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf.
Grail gravel.]
1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.
2. The coarse part of meal.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 652
3. pl. Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high
milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.
4. (Geol.) A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone
grit; -- called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied
to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.
5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit.
6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude.
C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.
Grit
Grit (?), v. i. To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet;
to grate; to grind.
The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. Goldsmith.
Grit
Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.] To
grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth.
[Collog.]
Grith
Grith (?), n. [AS. gri\'eb peace; akin to Icel. grid.] Peace;
security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower.
Gritrock, Gritstone
Grit"rock` (?), Grit"stone` (?) n. (Geol.) See Grit, n., 4.
Grittiness
Grit"ti*ness (?), n. The quality of being gritty.
Gritty
Grit"ty (?), a.
1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full
of hard particles.
2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]
Grivet
Griv"et (?), n. [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zo\'94l.) A monkey of the upper Nile
and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseoviridis), having the upper parts
dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It
was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota.
Grize
Grize (?), n. Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]
Grizelin
Griz"e*lin (?), a. See Gridelin.
Grizzle
Griz"zle (?), n. [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris
gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.] Gray; a gray color; a mixture of
white and black. Shak.
Grizzled
Griz"zled (?), a. Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a
mixed white and black.
Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. Sir W. Scott.
Grlzzly
Grlz"zly (?), a. Somewhat gray; grizzled.
Old squirrels that turn grizzly. Bacon.
Grizzly bear (Zo\'94l.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis)
of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for
the great length of its claws.
Grizzly
Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.
2. pl. In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large
stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.
Groan
Groan (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.]
[OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr, fr. the root of grennian to
grin. \'fb35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.]
1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan,
as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan.
For we . . . do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor. v. 4.
He heard the groaning of the oak. Sir W. Scott.
2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans.
Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so.
Herbert.
Groan
Groan, v. t. To affect by groans.
Groan
Groan, n. A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound
uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong
disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans.
Such groans of roaring wind and rain. Shak.
The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.
Groanful
Groan"ful (?), a. Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.
Groat
Groat (?), n. [LG. gr\'d3te, orig., great, that is, a great piece of
coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.]
1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.
2. Any small sum of money.
Groats
Groats (?), n. pl. [OE. grot, AS. gr\'betan; akin to Icel. grautr
porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.] Dried grain, as oats or
wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked
fragments of wheat larger than grits. Embden groats, crushed oats.
Grocer
Gro"cer (?), n. [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the
gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr.
gros large, great. See Gross.] A trader who deals in tea, sugar,
spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities. Grocer's itch
(Med.), a disease of the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.
Grocery
Gro"cer*y (?), n.; pl. Groceries (#). [F. grosserie wholesale. See
Grocer.]
1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; --
in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense.
A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. Goldsmith.
The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought
grocery and millinery. Macaulay.
2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U.s.];
Grog
Grog (?), n. [So named fronm "Old Grog" a nickmname given to Admiral
Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He
is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about
1745).] A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any
intoxicating liquor. Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of
persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]
Groggery
Grog"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Groggeries (#). A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]
Grogginess
Grog"gi*ness (?), n.
1. State of being groggy.
2. (Man.) Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes
him to move in a hobbling manner.
Groggy
Grog"gy (?), a.
1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]
2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists. [Cant
or Slang]
3. (Man.) Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said
of a horse. Youatt.
Grogram, Grogran
Grog"ram (?), Grog"ran (?), n. [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a
coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.] A coarse
stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.
Grogshop
Grog"shop` (?), n. A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and
drunk; a dramshop.
Groin
Groin (?), n. [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.] The snout
of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Groin
Groin, v. i. [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.] To grunt to growl; to
snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Bears that groined coatinually. Spenser.
Groin
Groin, n. [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw.
gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish,
divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.]
1. (Anat.) The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the
thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.
2. (Arch.) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two
vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.
3. (Math.) The surface formed by two such vaults.
4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain
shingle. [Eng.] Weale.
Groin
Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.]
(Arch.) To fashion into groins; to build with groins.
The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of
Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity. Emerson.
Groined
Groined (?), a. (Arch.) Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a
groined vault. <-- Illustr. of Groined Arch. -->
Gromet
Grom"et (?), n. Same as Grommet.
Gromill
Grom"ill (?), n. (Bot.) See Gromwell.
Grommet
Grom"met (?), n. [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb,
thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.]
1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid
rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes
written grummet.
2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.
Gromwell
Grom"well (?), n. [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray
millet, all prob. fr. F. gr?mil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.) A plant of
the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its
stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the
Stellera. [Written also gromill.]
Grond
Grond (?), obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.
Gronte
Gron"te (?), obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.
Groom
Groom (?), n. [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover,
OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom,
and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.]
1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy
who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.
2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in
the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the
groom of the stole.
3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom.
Dryden.
Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who
attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain
privileges.
Groom
Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.] To
tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.
Groomer
Groom"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a
brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning
horses.
Groomsman
Grooms"man (?), n.; pl. Groomsmen (. A male attendant of a bridegroom
at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid<-- = best man -->.
Grooper
Groop"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grouper.
Groove
Groove (?), n. [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.]
1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by
cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or
constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.
2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed
routine.
The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove. J. Morley.
3. [See Grove.] (Mining) A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]
Groove
Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.] To
cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to
furrow.
Groover
Groov"er (?), n.
1. One who or that which grooves.
2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.
Grooving
Groov"ing (?), n. The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or
collection of grooves. <-- Groovy [colloq] = marvelous, wonderful,
excellent; hip -->
Grope
Grope (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.]
[OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. gr to touch, grope, fr. gr to
gripe. See Gripe.]
1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]
2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind
person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or
obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see.
We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10.
To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a
worldly life. Buckminster.
Grope
Grope, v. t.
1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at
midnight.
2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts
xxiv. ).
Groper
Grop"er (?), n. One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or
searches by feeling.
Groping-ly
Grop"ing-ly, adv. In a groping manner.
Gros
Gros (?), n. [F. See Gross.] A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros
de Naples; gros de Tours.
Grosbeak
Gros"beak (?), n. [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common
European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris.
NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e be st kn own Am erican sp ecies ar e th e
rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca c\'d2rulea);
the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See
Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal
and Evening.
[Written also grossbeak.] <-- illustr. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, (Habia
Ludoviciana). -->
Groschen
Grosch"en (?), n. [G.] A small silver coin and money of account of
Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary
system of the empire.
Grosgrain
Gros"grain` (?), a. [F. Cf. Grogram.] Of a coarse texture; -- applied
to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.
Gross
Gross (?), a. [Compar. Grosser (; superl. Grossest.] [F. gros, L.
grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr.
grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer,
Grogram.]
1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A gross
fat man." Shak.
A gross body of horse under the Duke. Milton.
2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.
3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or
feeling; dull; witless.
Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear. Milton.
4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence,
coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.
The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next.
Macaulay.
5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.
6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake;
gross injustice; gross negligence.
7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or
gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net.
Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a
mortgage of a ship. -- Gross average (Law), that kind of average which
falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; --
commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. -- Gross receipts,
the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any
deduction, as for expenses; -- distinguished from net profits. Abbott.
-- Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without
deduction for tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from neat, or
net, weight.
Gross
Gross, n. [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross, a.]
1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the
enemy." Addison.
For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of
cattle. Burke.
2. sing. & pl. The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a
gross of bottles; ten gross of pens.
Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson belonging to a person, and not to
a manor. -- A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four
dozen. -- By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale. -- Common in
gross. (Law) See under Common, n. -- In the gross, In gross, in the
bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.
Grossbeak
Gross"beak` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grosbeak.
Gross-headed
Gross"-head`ed (?), a. Thick-skulled; stupid.
Grossification
Gross`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make. See
-fy.]
1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.
2. (Bot.) The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization.
Henslow.
Grossly
Gross"ly, adv. In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy;
shamefully; disgracefully.
Grossness
Gross"ness, n. The state or quality of being gross; thickness;
corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness.
Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of
delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight.
Grossular
Gros"su*lar (?), a. [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus of
Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See Gooseberry.]
Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet.
Grossular
Gros"su*lar, n. [See Grossular, a.] (Min.) A translucent garnet of a
pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also
grossularite.
Grossularia
Gros`su*la"ria (?), n. [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.) Same as Grossular.
Grossulin
Gros"su*lin (?), n. [See Grossular.] (Chem.) A vegetable jelly,
resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes Grossularia) and other
fruits.
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Grot
Grot (?), n. [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.] A grotto. [Poetic]
Milton.
Grot, Grote
Grot, Grote (, n. A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Grotesgue
Gro*tesgue" (?), a. [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See
Grotto.] Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike;
wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms
and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design."
Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.
Grotesque
Gro*tesque, n.
1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and
grottoes. Dryden.
2. Artificial grotto-work.
Grotesquely
Gro*tesque"ly, adv. In a grotesque manner.
Grotesqueness
Gro*tesque"ness, n. Quality of being grotesque.
Grotto
Grot"to (?), n.; pl. Grottoes (#). [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta,
LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran passage vault,
cavern, Gr. Grot, Crypt.] A natural covered opening in the earth; a
cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.
Grotto-work
Grot"to-work` (?), n. Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation
of a grotto. Cowper.
Ground
Ground (?), n. [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS.,
G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in
composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin
to E. grind.]
1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some
indefinite portion of it.
There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5.
The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23.
Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.
2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory;
country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a
particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or
fishing ground; a play ground.
From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian
ground. Milton.
3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns,
fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate
are well kept.
Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4.
4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The
foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or
datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence;
originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.
5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures
of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness,
being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one
another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background,
Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon
which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of
small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as,
Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.
6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to
be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is
made by the needle.
7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to
which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural.
NOTE: &hand; Gr ounds ar e us ually put up first and the plastering
floated flush with them.
8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few
bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying
melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.
Moore (Encyc.).
On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak.
9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth
is made part of an electrical circuit.
10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees;
feces; as, coffee grounds.
11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. --
Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who
instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent,
which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. -- Ground ash. (Bot.)
See Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines.
Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc.,
thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground bass OR
base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated
to a varied melody. -- Ground beetle (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous
species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabid\'91, living
mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber, a room on
the ground floor. -- Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of
herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the
strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub
(Prunus Cham\'91cerasus), with small, very acid fruit. -- Ground
cuckoo. (Zo\'94l.) See Chaparral cock. -- Ground cypress. (Bot.) See
Lavender cotton. -- Ground dove (Zo\'94l.), one of several small
American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the
Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground.
-- Ground fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish which constantly lives on the
botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. -- Ground floor, the
floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called
also in America, but not in England, the first floor. -- Ground form
(Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are
added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always,
the same as the root.<-- = lemma --> -- Ground furze (Bot.), a low
slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and
Central Asia,; -- called also rest-harrow. -- Ground game, hares,
rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. -- Ground hele
(Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue
flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have
curative properties. -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface
of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be
regarded as projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus
baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from
that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. -- Ground hog. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck.
(b) The aardvark. -- Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.]
Spenser. -- Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water
before it forms on the surface. -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing
plant; alehoof. See Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or
ground floor; a. sleeper. -- Ground lark (Zo\'94l.), the European
pipit. See Pipit. -- Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under
Arbutus. -- Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection
of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. -- Ground
liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus
and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia
polymorpha). -- Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment
in a churchyard. -- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy
base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are
embedded. -- Ground parrakeet (Zo\'94l.), one of several Australian
parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live
mainly upon the ground. -- Ground pearl (Zo\'94l.), an insect of the
family Coccid\'91 (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the
Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and
made into necklaces by the natives. -- Ground pig (Zo\'94l.), a large,
burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet
long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no
spines; -- called also ground rat. -- Ground pigeon (Zo\'94l.), one of
numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the
tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands,
and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above).
-- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A.
Cham\'91pitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander,
and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A long, creeping,
evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also
club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in
height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods
in the northern part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan
(Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor,
as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground
plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. --
Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a
building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support
the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate
for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried
in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to
the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground
plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis
or foundation; also, a ground plan. -- Ground plum (Bot.), a
leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the
Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. --
Ground rat. (Zo\'94l.) See Ground pig (above). -- Ground rent, rent
paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. -- Ground
robin. (Zo\'94l.) See Chewink. -- Ground room, a room on the ground
floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a
swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious
cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also
rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground sill. See Ground
plate (a) (above). -- Ground snake (Zo\'94l.), a small burrowing
American snake (Celuta am\'d2na). It is salmon colored, and has a
blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of numerous species
of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having
cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel
or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the
prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied
Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the
African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as Ground
floor (above). -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular
substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The
plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation
of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a
remote distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch.)
See Earth table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle
necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush
(Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds
of the family Pittid\'91. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest
tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of
articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range
of boxes in a theater. -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers
which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers.
Knight. -- Ground tit. (Zo\'94l.) See Ground wren (below). -- Ground
wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling
on the ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zo\'94l.), a
small California bird (Cham\'91a fasciata) allied to the wrens and
titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd tit, and wren
lit. -- To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. --
To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to
fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed
forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain
an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the
enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential.
-- To get, OR To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist .
. . gathers ground fast." Milton.
There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by
bidding higher. South.
-- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.
These nine . . . began to give me ground. Shak.
--To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position
taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to
decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or
encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or
become stranded; -- said of a ship.
Ground
Ground (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.]
1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.
2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle;
to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.
Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17.
So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God,
would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.
Sir W. Hamilton
3. To instruct in elements or first principles.
4. (Elec.) To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part
of an electrical circuit.
5. (Fine Arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching
(see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform
tint as a preparation for ornament.
Ground
Ground, v. i. To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed;
as, the ship grounded on the bar.
Ground
Ground, imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which
is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock.
Knight. -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been
destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground
joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal
with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.
Groundage
Ground"age (?), n. A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space
it occupies while in port. Bouvier.
Groundedly
Ground"ed*ly, adv. In a grounded or firmly established manner.
Glanvill.
Grounden
Ground"en (?), obs. p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.
Grounding
Ground"ing, n. The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or
foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of
applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a
basis.
Groundless
Ground"less, a. [AS. grundle\'a0s bottomless.] Without ground or
foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized;
false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. --
Ground"less*ly, adv. -- Ground"less*ness, n.
Groundling
Ground"ling, n. [Ground + -ling.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the
loach.
2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the
ground, and without floor or benches.
No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge.
Groundly
Ground"ly, adv. Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.]
Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die
as sure us fate. Marston.
Groundnut
Ground"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypog\'91a
(native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A
leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark
purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste.
(c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European
plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum) having an edible root of a
globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut,
earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.
Groundsel
Ground"sel (?), n. [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige, grundeswelge,
earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named
as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.) An
annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most common, and
widely distributed weeds on the globe.
Groundsel
Ground"sel (?), n. [Ground + sill.] See Ground
Groundsill
Ground"sill` (?), plate (a), under Ground.
Groundwork
Ground"work` (?), n. That which forms the foundation or support of
anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first
principle. Dryden.
Group
Group (?), n. [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch, packet,
group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop,
n.]
1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or
things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group
of men or of trees; a group of isles.
2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having
some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.
3. (Biol.) A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having
some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The
term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of
a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.
4. (Mus.) A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the
stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made
up of a few short notes.
Group
Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.]
[Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.] To form a group of; to arrange or
combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual
relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of.
The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters
term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects. Prior.
Grouped columns (Arch.), three or moro columns placed upon the same
pedestal.
Grouper
Group"er (?), n. [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the
genus Epinephelus, of the family Serranid\'91, as the red grouper, or
brown snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E.
nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The
tripletail (Lobotes). (c) In California, the name is often applied to
the rockfishes. [Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]
_________________________________________________________________
Page 654
Grouping
Group"ing (?), n. (Fine Arts) The disposal or relative arrangement of
figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in
ornamental design.
Grouse
Grouse (?), n. sing. & pl. [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice,
fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegri\'8ache
shrike.] (Zo\'94l.) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds
of the family Tetraonid\'91, and subfamily Tetraonin\'91, inhabiting
Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong,
well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes
the ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet.
NOTE: &hand; Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus
Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie,
Ptarmigan, and Heath grouse. Among the most important American
species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa
umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus) of
the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of
the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D.
Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage cock. The Old World
sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family.
See Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.
Grouse
Grouse, v. i. To seek or shoot grouse.
Grouser
Grou"ser (?), n. (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber
attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground
as a means of anchorage.
Grout
Grout (?), n. [AS. grut; akin to grytt, G. gr\'81tze, griess, Icel.
grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z. groats.]
1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.
2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]
3. pl. Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens.
4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry
and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best
ceilings. Gwilt.
Grout
Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.] To fill
up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.
Grauthead
Graut"head` (?), n. [Obs.] See Growthead.
Grouting
Grout"ing, n. The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also,
the grout thus filled in. Gwilt.
Groutnol
Grout"nol (?), n. [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.] Same as Growthead.
Beau. & Fl.
Grouty
Grout"y (?), a. Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]
Grove
Grove (?), n. [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig. The original sense seems
to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.]
A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood,
planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small
extent.
NOTE: &hand; Th e He brew wo rd As herah, re ndered gr ove in th e
Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the
Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by
Asherah an idol or image of some kind is intended.
Grovel
Grov"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled (?) or Grovelled; p. pr. &
vb. n. Groveling or Grovelling.] [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge,
adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE.
gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel.
gr&umac;fa, in &amac; gr&umac;fu on the face, prone, gr&umac;fa to
grovel.]
1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie
prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie
fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl.
To creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden.
2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low,
abject, or mean.
Groveler
Grov"el*er (?), n. One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also
groveller.]
Groveling
Grov"el*ing, a. Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.]
"A groveling creature." Cowper.
Grovy
Grov"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or
frequenting, groves. Dampier.
Grow
Grow (?), v. i. [imp. Grew (?); p. p. Grown (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Growing.] [AS. grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. groa, Dan. groe, Sw.
gro. Cf. Green, Grass.]
1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase
in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living
organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs.
2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be
augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue.
Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles.
Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by
Antipholus. Shak.
3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced
by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm
countries.
Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower.
4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a
cause; to become; as, to grow pale.
For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron.
5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere.
Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak.
Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute
object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth
to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a
growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or
as a branch from the main stem; to result from.
These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A.
Hamilton.
-- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up
children. -- <-- ##error here in original: duplication of: To grow up
--> To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth,
as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.Syn. -- To become;
increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.
Grow
Grow (?), v. t. To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to
grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.Syn. -- To
raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.
Growable
Grow"a*ble (?), a. Capable of growth.
Growan
Grow"an (?), n. [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.]
(Mining.) A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin
lodes in Cornwall.
Grower
Grow"er (?), n. One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also,
that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow
grower.
Growl
Growl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled (?); p. pr. & vb. e. Growling.]
[D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be
angry.] To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth
an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.
Growl
Growl, v. t. To express by growling. Thomson.
Growl
Growl, n. The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling
sound.
Growler
Growl"er (?), n.
1. One who growls.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]
3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]
Growlingly
Growl"ing*ly, adv. In a growling manner.
Grown
Grown (?), p. p. of Grow.
Growse
Growse (?), v. i. [Cf. gruesome, grcwsome, and G. grausen to make
shudder, shiver.] To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.
Growth
Growth (?), n. [Icel. groGrow.]
1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a
vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full
size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.;
augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as,
the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance.
Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak.
2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product;
consequence; effect; result.
Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton.
Growthead
Growt"head` (?), n. [Lit., greathead.] A lazy person; a blockhead.
[Obs.] Tusser.
Growthful
Growth"ful (?), a. Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton.
Groyne
Groyne (?), n. [Obs.] See Groin.
Grozing iron
Gro"zing i"ron (?).
1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a
diamond for cutting glass.
2. (Plumbing) A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe.
Knight.
Grub
Grub (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing
(.] [OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.]
1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is
difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.
2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.
Grub
Grub, v. t.
1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed
by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge.
They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin. Hare.
2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.
Grub
Grub, n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; --
called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under
Goldsmith.
Yet your butterfly was a grub. Shak.
2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew.
3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell.
Grub ax OR axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. --
Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for
grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps,
breaking roots, etc. -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. --
Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described
by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories,
dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is
called grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the
production of, Grub Street.
I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays. Gap.
Grubber
Grub"ber, n. One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or
tool of the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc.
Grubbla
Grub"bla (?), v. t. & i. [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.] To feel or
grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden.
Grubby
Grub"by, a. [From Grub.] Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.]
The grubby game of marbles. Lond. Sat. Rev.
Grubby
Grub"by, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U.
S.]
Grubworm
Grub"worm (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grub, n., 1.
And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view. C. Smart.
Grucche
Grucche (?), v. i. [See Grudge.] To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.]
What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan. Chaucer.
Grudge
Grudge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grudging.] [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF.
grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur,
krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.]
1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy
(one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with
reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by the direct
object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects.
Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. Shak.
I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us
our employments. Swift.
They have grudged us contribution. Shak.
2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose; to cherish
enviously. [Obs.]
Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty ! Shak.
Grudge
Grudge (?), v. i.
1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to
complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.
Grudge not one against another. James v. 9.
He eats his meat without grudging. Shak.
2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.
Grudge
Grudge, n.
1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike;
ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel.
Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity against hie brother
Jacob. South.
The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge.
I. Taylor.
2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.]
Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat the
grudges of more dreaded calamities. Milton.
Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique.
Grudgeful
Grudge"ful (?), a. Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent."
Spenser.
Grudgeons, Gurgeons
Grud"geons (?), Gur"geons (, n. pl. [Prob. from P. grugir to craunch;
cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.] Coarse meal. [Obs.]
Gruddger
Gruddg"er (?), n. One who grudges.
Grudgingly
Grudg"ing*ly, adv. In a grudging manner.
Grudgingness
Grudg"ing*ness, n. The state or quality of grudging, or of being full
of grudge or unwillingness.
Gruel
Gru"el (?), n. [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG. gruzzi
groats, G. gr\'81tze, As. grut. See Grout.] A light, liquid food, made
by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water or milk; thin
porridge.
Gruelly
Gru"el*ly, a. Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.
Gruesome
Grue"some (?), a. Same as Grewsome. [Scot.]
Gruf
Gruf (?), adv. [Cf. Grovel.] Forwards; with one's face to the ground.
[Obs.]
They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously. Chaucer.
Gruff
Gruff (?), a. [Compar. Gruffer (; superl. Gruffest.] [D. grof; akin to
G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS.
rc\'a2fan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix
ge-, Goth. ga-.] Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance;
sour; surly; severe; harsh. Addison.
Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks. Thackeray.
-- Gruff"ly, adv. -- Gruff"ness, n.
Grugru palm
Gru"gru palm" (?). (Bot.) A West Indian name for several kinds of
palm. See Macaw tree, under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.]
Grugru worm
Gru"gru worm" (?). (Zo\'94l.) The larva or grub of a large South
American beetle (Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm
trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a
delicacy.
Grum
Grum (?), a. [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E. grim,
and grumble.
1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim. "Nick
looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof.
2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as,
Grumble
Grum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Grumbling (?).] [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen, grommen, and
F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly.
&root;35. Cf. Grum, Grim.]
1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints
in a low voice and a surly manner.
L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no
more. Prior.
2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his
prey.
3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as,
the distant thunder grumbles.
Grumble
Grum"ble, v. t. To express or utter with grumbling.
Grumble
Grum"ble, n.
1. The noise of one that grumbles.
2. A grumbling, discontented disposition.
A bad case of grumble. Mrs. H. H. Jacksn.
Grumbler
Grum"bler (?), n. One who grumbles.
Grumblingly
Grum"bling*ly, adv. In a grumbling manner.
Grume
Grume (?), n. [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of blood,
dim. fr. L. grumus.] A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood.
Quincy.
Grumbly
Grumb"ly (?), adv. In a grum manner.
Grumose
Gru*mose" (?), a. (Bot.) Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.
Grumous
Gru"mous (?), a. [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.]
1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as,
grumous blood.
2. (Bot.) See Grumose.
Grumousness
Gru"mous*ness, n. The state of being grumous.
gRUMPILY
gRUMPI*LY (?), ADV. In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]
gRUMPY
gRUMPY (?), a. [Cf. Grumblle, and Grum.] Surly; dissatisfied; grouty.
[Collog.] Ferby.
Grundel
Grun"del (?), n. [See Groundling.] (Zo\'94l.) A groundling (fish).
[Prov. Eng.]
Grundsel
Grundsel (?), n. Grounsel. [Obs.]
Grunt
Grunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.]
[OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw.
grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.] To make a
deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural
sound.
Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life.
Shak.
Grunting ox (Zo\'94l.), the yak.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 655
Grunt
Grunt (?), n.
1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of American food fishes, of
the genus H\'91mulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A.
Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern
United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera
Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish, squirrel
fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when taken.
Grunter
Grunt"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog. "Bristled
grunters." Tennyson.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several American marine fishes. See Sea robin,
and Grunt, n., 2.
3. (Brass Founding) A hook used in lifting a crucible.
Gruntingly
Grunt"ing*ly, adv. In a grunting manner.
Gruatle
Grua"tle (?), v. i. [Freq. of grunt.] To grunt; to grunt repeatedly.
[Obs.]
Gruntling
Grunt"ling (?), n. A young hog.
Grutch
Grutch (?), v. See Grudge. [Obs.] Hudibras.
Gruy\'8are cheese
Gru"y\'8are` cheese\'b6 (Gruy\'8are, Switzerland. It is a firm cheese
containing numerous cells, and is known in the United States as
Schweitzerk\'84se.
Gry
Gry (?), n. [Gr
1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line. [Obs.] Locke.
2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.]
Gryde
Gryde (?), v. i. To gride. See Gride. Spenser.
Gryfon
Gryf"on (?), n. [Obs.] See Griffin. Spenser.
Gryllus
Gryl"lus (?), n. [L., locust.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects including
the common crickets.
Grype
Grype (?), v. t. To gripe. [Obs.] See Gripe. Spenser.
Grype
Grype, n. [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.] (Zo\'94l.) A
vulture; the griffin. [Written also gripe.] [Obs.]
Gryph\'91a
Gry*ph\'91"a (?), n. [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen. gryphis, a
griffin.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the
oyster.
Gryphite
Gryph"ite (?), n. [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.) A shell of the genus
Gryphea.
Gryphon
Gryph"on (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The griffin vulture.
Grysbok
Grys"bok (?) n. [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A small South
African antelope (Neotragus melanotis). It is speckled with gray and
chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.
Guacharo
Gua*cha"ro (?), n. [Cf. Sp. gu\'a0charo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca
a sort of bird.] (Zo\'94l.) A nocturnal bird of South America and
Trinidad (Steatornis Caripensis, or S. steatornis); -- called also
oilbird.
NOTE: &hand; It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds
on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of
butter, is extracted from the young by the natives.
Guacho
Gua"cho (?), n.; pl. Guachos ( [Spanish American.]
1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas
of South America; a mestizo.
2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.
Guaco
Gua"co (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A plant (Aristolochia anguicida) of
Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites. Lindley. (b) The
Mikania Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.
Guaiac
Gua"iac (?), a. [See Guaiacum.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
guaiacum. -- n. Guaiacum.
Guaiacum
Gua"ia*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native name in Hayti.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical
America.
2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum offinale or
lignum-vit\'91, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America.
It is much used in medicine. [Written also guaiac.]
Guan
Guan (?), n. ((Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of large gallinaceous
birds of Certal and South America, belonging to Penelope, Pipile,
Ortalis, and allied genera. Several of the species are often
domesticated.
Guana
Gua"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Iguana.
Guanaco
Gua*na"co (?), n.; pl. Guanacos (#). [Sp. guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf.
Huanaco.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American mammal (Auchenia huanaco),
allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form,
inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to
be the llama in a wild state. [Written also huanaco.]
Guanidine
Gua"ni*dine (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A strongly alkaline base, CN3H5,
formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with
methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric
acid, it yields urea and ammonia.<-- NH2.CNH.NH2 -->
Guaniferous
Gua*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Guano + -ferous.] Yielding guano. Ure.
Guanin
Gua"nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance (C5H5N5O)
contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas,
and other glands in mammals.
Guano
Gua"no (?), n.; pl. Guanos (#). [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.] A
substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands
frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It
is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful
fertilizer.
Guara
Gua"ra (?), n. [Braz. guar\'a0.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The scarlet ibis. See
Ibis. (b) A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis jubatus) --
named from its cry.
Guarana
Gua"ra*na` (?), n. [Pg.] (Med.) A preparation from the seeds of
Paullinia sorbilis, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an
astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache.
Guaranine
Gua"ra*nine` (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same
as Caffeine.
Guarantee
Guar`an*tee" (?), n.; pl. Guarantees (#). [For guaranty, prob.
influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See Guaranty, and cf.
Warrantee.]
1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of
some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of
another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment
or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against
a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty.
His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal. Macaulay.
2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a
guarantor. South.
NOTE: &hand; Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.
3. (Law) The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of
guarantor. Syn. -- Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement
that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is
an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of
the engagement.
Guarantee
Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. guaranteed (?); p, pr. & vb. n.
Guaranteeing.] [From Guarantee, n.] In law and common usage: to
undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of
(a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession,
right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at
all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or
secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to
guarantee the execution of a treaty.
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a
republican form of government. Constitution of the U. S.
Guarantor
Guar"an*tor` (?), n. [See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.] (Law) (a) One
who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety. (b) One who
engages to secure another in any right or possession.
Guaranty
Guar"an*ty (?), n.; pl. Guaranies (#). [OF. guarantie, garantie, F.
garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E.
garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German
origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant, and cf.
Warranty, Guarantee.] In law and common usage: An undertaking to
answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some
contract or duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to
pay or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.
Guaranty
Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarantied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Guarantying.] [From Guaranty, n.] In law and common usage: To
undertake or engage that another person shall perform (what he hass
stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of
another); to engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or
duty by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to
undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of a
contingency. See Guarantee, v. t.
NOTE: &hand; Gu aranty ag rees in form with warranty. Both guaranty
and guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in the United
States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is
guarantee.
Guard
Guard (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gurding.]
[OF. guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG. wart to be on the
watch, await, G. marten. See Ward, v. & n., and cf. Guard, n.]
1. To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or
injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from
surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; toaccompany for
protection; to vare for.
For Heaven still guards the right. Shak.
2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from
acts of violence, or the like.
3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to
face or ornament with lists, laces, etc. <-- (
The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with fragments, and
the guards are but slightly basted on neither. Shak.
4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- To defend,
protect, shield; keep; watch.
Guard
Guard (g&aum;rd), v. i. To watch by way of caution or defense; to be
caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; as,
careful persons guard against mistakes.
Guard
Guard, n. [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf. OHG. wart,
marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth. wardja watchman. See
Guard, v. t.]
1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or
attack; defense; protection.
His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft. Shak.
2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or
position; a watch; a sentinel.
The guard which kept the door of the king's house. Kings xiv. 27.
3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a
conductor. [Eng.]
4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against
injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as: (a) That part of
a sword hilt which protects the hand. (b) Ornamental lace or hem
protecting the edge of a garment. (c) A chain or cord for fastening
a watch to one's person or dress. (d) A fence or rail to prevent
falling from the deck of a vessel. (e) An extension of the deck of
a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the
framework of strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond
the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft against collision.
(f) A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a
gun or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger.
(g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap
book, to guard against its breaking when filled.
5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber
exercise.
6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections
or censure.
They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions
as I. Atterbury.
7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.
8. (Zo\'94l.) The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of
the Belemnites.
NOTE: &hand; Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as,
guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty.
Advanced guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc. --
Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging to a
system of advance posts of an army. Mahan. -- Guard boat. (a) A boat
appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see
that their officers keep a good lookout. (b) A boat used by harbor
authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. --
Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are
crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll. -- Guard chamber, a
guardroom. -- Guard detail (Mil.men from a company regiment etc.,
detailed for guard duty. -- Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching
patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels. -- Guard lock
(Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. -- Guard of
honor (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent
persons. -- Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a
main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against
derailment. -- Guard ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the
marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to
receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective
ships. -- Life guard (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the
person of a prince or high officer. -- Off one's guard, in a careless
state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger. -- On guard, serving in
the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching.
-- On one's guard, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant. -- To mount
guard (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel. -- To run the
guard/mcol>, to pass the watch or sentinel without leave. Syn. --
Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care;
attention; watch; heed.
Guardable
Guard"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.] Capable of
being guarded or protected.
Guardage
Guard"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.] Wardship [Obs.]
Shak.
Guardant
Guard"ant (?), a. [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard. See Guard, v. t.]
1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak.
2. (Her.) Same as Gardant.
Guardant
Guard"ant, n. A guardian. [Obs.] Shak.
Guarded
Guard"ed, a. Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his
expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were
guarded. -- Guard"edly, adv. -- Guard"ed*ness, n.
Guardenage
Guard"en*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and
guardenage." Holland.
Guarder
Guard"er (?), n. One who guards.
Guardfish
Guard"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The garfish.
Guardful
Guard"ful (?), a. Cautions; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] --
Guard"ful*ly, adv.
Guardhouse
Guard"house` (?), n. (Mil.) A building which is occupied by the guard,
and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.
Guardian
Guard"i*an (?), n. [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL. guardianus.
See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.]
1. One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or
thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from
injury; a warden.
2. (Law) One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or
property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person
incapable of managing his own affairs.
Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by
nature. -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the
child. Blockstone.
Guardian ad litem ( (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of justice
to conduct a particular suit. -- Guardians of the poor, the members of
a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within
a township, or district.
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Guardian
Guard"i*an (?), a. Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a
protector; as, a guardian care. Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a
church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October
2d. -- Guardian angel. (a) The particular spiritual being believed in
some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and
protection of each human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector or
defender in general. O. W. Holmes. -- Guardian spirit, in the belief
of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or
friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a
region.
Guardianage
Guard"i*an*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]
Guardiance
Guard"i*ance (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]
Guardianess
Guard"i*an*ess (?), n. A female guardian.
I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess. Beau. & Fl.
Guardianless
Guard"i*an*less, a. Without a guardian. Marston.
Guardianship
Guard"i*an*ship, n. The office, duty, or care, of a guardian;
protection; care; watch.
Guardless
Guard"less (?), a. Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman.
Guardroom
Guard"room` (?), n. (Mil.) The room occupied by the guard during its
term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.
Guards
Guards (g&aum;rdz), n. pl. A body of picked troops; as, "The Household
Guards."
Guardship
Guard"ship, n. Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift.
Guardsman
Guards"man (?), n.; pl. Guardsmen (.
1. One who guards; a guard.
2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called
Guards.
Guarish
Guar"ish (?), v. t. [OF. guarir, garir, F. gu\'82rir.] To heal. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Guatemala grass
Gua`te*ma"la grass" (?). (Bot.) See Teosinte.
Guava
Gua"va (?), n. [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree;
prob. fr. the native West Indian name.] A tropical tree, or its fruit,
of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum,
or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is
shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat
astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.
Gubernance
Gu"ber*nance (?), n. Government. [Obs.]
Gubernate
Gu"ber*nate (?), v. t. [L. gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See
Govern.] To govern. [Obs.] Cockeram.
Gubernation
Gu"ber*na`tion (?), n. [L. gubernatio.] The act of governing;
government [Obs.] I. Watts.
Gubernative
Gu"ber*na*tive (?), a. Governing. [Obs.]
Gubernatorial
Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al (?), a. [L. gubernator governor. See Gabernate.]
Pertaining to a governor, or to government.
Gudgeon
Gud"geon (?), n. [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr. 1st
Goby. ]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis),
allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and
for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called
gudgeons.
2. What may be got without skill or merit.
Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this
opinion. Shak.
3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift.
4. (Mach.) The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or
axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing,
as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a
horizontal.
6. (Naut.) A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive
the pintle of the rudder.
Ball gudgeon. See under Ball.
Gudgeon
Gud"geon, v. t. To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose
upon. [R.]
To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you. Sir
IV. Scott.
Gue
Gue (?), n. A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] J. Webstar.
Gueber Guebre
Gue"ber Gue"bre (?), n. Same as Gheber.
Guelderrose'
Guel"der*rose' (?), n. [Supposed to be brought from Guelderland;
hence, D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F. rose de Gueldre,
It. rose di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.) A cultivated
variety of a species of Viburnum (V. Opulus), bearing large bunches of
white flowers; -- called also snowball tree.
Guelph, Guelf
Guelph, Guelf (?), n. [It. Guelfo, from Welf, the name of a German
family.] (Hist.) One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th
and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope,
and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.
Guelphic, Guelfic
Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the family or the
facttion of the Guelphs.
Guenon
Guenon" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several long-tailed Oriental
monkeys, of the genus Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet.
Gueparde
Gue`parde" (?), n. [Cf. F. gu\'82pard.] (Zo\'94l.) The cheetah.
Guerdon
Guer"don (?), n. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced
by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again,
against (G. wider wieder) + l&omac;n reward, G. lohn, akin to AS.
le\'a0n Goth. laun. See Withers.] A reward; requital; recompense; --
used in both a good and a bad sense. Macaulay.
So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or guerdon of a
glorious lot. Byron.
He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just guerdon
of all his former villainies. Knolles.
Guerdon
Guer"don (?), v. t. [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon, n.] To
give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.]
Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence. Tennyson.
Guerdonable
Guer"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. guerredonable.] Worthy of reward. Sir
G. Buck.
Guerdonless
Guer"don*less, a. Without reward or guerdon.
Guereza
Gue*re"za (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (Colobus
guereza), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white
hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail.
The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.
Guerilla
Gue*ril"la (?), a. See Guerrilla.
Guerite
Guer"ite (?), n. [F. gu\'82rite.] (Fort.) A projecting turret for a
sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of
bastions.
Guernsey lily
Guern"sey lil"y (?). (Bot.) A South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis)
with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.
Guerrilla
Guer*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of guerra
war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See War.]
1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of
independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular
war.
2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare;
especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory
excursions in war time.
NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm gu errilla is the diminutive of the Spanish
word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by
detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla
party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an
irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a
guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war. F.
Lieder.
Guerrilla
Guer*ril"la, a. Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on
irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla
warfare.
Guess
Guess (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guessing.]
[OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel. gizha, D. gissen:
cf. Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to guess. Probably
originally, to try to get, and akin to E. get. See Get.]
1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of
knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture.
First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess. Pope.
2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem
preponderating, but are not decisive.
We may then guess how far it was from his design. Milton.
Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan
enemies I guess. Dryden.
3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who
guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my designs.
4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.]
Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them. Shak.
5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed by an
objective clause.
Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance
several ways. Shak.
But in known images of life I guess The labor greater. Pope.
Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think;
imagine; fancy. -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt
to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to
conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to
guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The
use of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly
sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and
objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as
a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a
thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to
bed.
Guess
Guess, v. i. To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; --
with at, about, etc
This is the place, as well as I may guess. Milton.
Guess
Guess, n. An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or
decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a
random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.
A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess.
Dryden.
Guessable
Guess"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guessed.
Guesser
Guess"er (?), n. One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion
without means of knowing.
Guessingly
Guess"ing*ly, adv. By way of conjecture. Shak.
Guessive
Guess"ive (?), a. Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham.
Guess rope
Guess" rope" (?). (Naut.) A guess warp.
Guess warp
Guess" warp" (?). (Naut.) A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed
or warped along; -- so called because it is necessary to guess at the
length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant
object.
Guesswork
Guess"work` (?), n. Work performed, or results obtained, by guess;
conjecture.
Guest
Guest (?), n. [OE. gest, AS. g\'91st, gest; akin to OS., D., & G.
gust, Icel gestr, Sw. g\'84st, Dan. Gj\'84st, Goth. gast, Russ. goste,
and to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older
one, but the root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.]
1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at
one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.
To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night. Spenser.
True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the
coming, speed the parting guest. Pope.
Guest
Guest (?), v. t. To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.
Guest
Guest, v. i. To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.]
And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late.
Chapman.
Guest rope
Guest" rope" (?). (Naut.) The line by which a boat makes fast to the
swinging boom. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Guestwise
Guest"wise" (?), adv. In the manner of a guest.
Gue'vi
Gue'vi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several very small species and
varieties of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape
guevi or kleeneboc (C. pyg. m\'91a); -- called also pygmy antelope.
Guffaw
Guf*faw" (, n. A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh. "A hearty low
guffaw." Carlyle.
Guffer
Guf"fer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eelpout; guffer eel.
Guggle
Gug"gle (?), v. i. See Gurgle.
Guhr
Guhr (?), n. [G.] A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the
cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or
yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland.
Guiac
Gui"ac (?), n. Same as Guaiac.
Guiacol
Gui"a*col (?), n. [Guiac + -ol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid,
C6H4,OCH3.OH<-- ##comma in original. error? -->, resembling the
phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, aud produced by
the dry distillation of guaiac resin.
Guiacum
Gui"a*cum (?), n. Same as Guaiacum.
Guib
Guib (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope (Tragelaphus
scriptus), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish
fawn ground, and hence called harnessed antelope; -- called also
guiba.
Guicowar
Gui"co*war (?), n. [Mahratta g&amac;ekw&amac;r, prop., a cowherd.] The
title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally
called the Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country.
Guidable
Guid"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or
counseled. Sprat.
Guidage
Guid"age (?), n. [See Guide.]
1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.] Ainsworth.
2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey.
Guidance
Guid"ance (?), n. [See Guide.] The act or result of guiding; the
superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a
leading.
His studies were without guidance and without plan. Macaulay.
Guide
Guide (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] [OE.
guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf.
Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan
to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to
show the way. Cf. Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]
1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to
pilot; as, to guide a traveler.
I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court. Shak.
2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the
training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or
morally; to train.
He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps. cxii. 5.
The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps. xxv. 9.
Guide
Guide, n. [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.]
1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a
strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a
conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.
2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of
lifo; a director; a regulator.
He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps. xlviii. 14.
3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface,
or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water,
an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye,
as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for
directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery) A
grooved director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or
device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is
setting.
4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug
flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a
line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in
tactics. Farrow.
Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead
slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to
the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called
also guide, and slide bar. -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block
attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. --
Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. -- Guide pile
(Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. --
Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of
motion of belt; an idler. Knight. -- Guide rail (Railroads), an
additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving
wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.
Guideboard
Guide"board` (?), n. A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it
directions or information as to the road. Lowell.
Guidebook
Guide"book` (?), n. A book of directions and information for
travelers, tourists, etc.
Guideless
Guide"less, a. Without a guide. Dryden.
Guidepost
Guide"post` (?), n. A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on
it, to direct travelers.
Guider
Guid"er (?), n. A guide; a director. Shak.
Guideress
Guid"er*ess (?), n. A female guide. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Guidguid
Guid"guid` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American ant bird of the genus
Hylactes; -- called also barking bird.
Guidon
Gui"don (?), n. [F. guidon, It. guidone. See Guide, v. t.]
1. A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is
broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to
direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea;
also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service,
each company of cavalry has a guidon.
The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer of the army.
Evelyn.
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Page 657
2. One who carries a flag. Johnson.
3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide
pilgrims to the Holy Land.
Gulge
Gulge (?), n. [Obs.] See Gige.
Guild
Guild (?), n. [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a society or
company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS.
gildan, gieldan, to pay. See Yield, v. t.]
1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in
kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business
fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers'
Guild. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed
with special privileges and authority.
2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable
purposes or for assistance in parish work.
Guildable
Guild"a*ble (?), a. Liable to a tax. [Obs.]
Guilder
Guil"der (?), n. [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. Golden.] A Dutch
silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also florin and gulden.
Guildhall
Guild"hall` (?), n. The hall where a guild or corporation usually
assembles; a townhall.
Guile
Guile (?), n. [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin, and the
same word as E. wile. See Wile.] Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice;
duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.
Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. John i. 47.
To wage by force or guile eternal war. Milton.
Guile
Guile, v. t. [OF. guiler. See Guile, n.] To disguise or conceal; to
deceive or delude. [Obs.] Spenser.
Guileful
Guile"ful (?), a. Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or
treachery; guilty. -- Guile"ful*ly, adv. -- Guile"ful*ness, n.
Guileless
Guile"less, a. Free from guile; artless. -- Guile"less*ly, adv.
Guile"less*ness, n.
Guilor
Guil"or (?), n. [Cf. OF. guileor.] A deceiver; one who deludes, or
uses guile. [Obs.] Spenser.
Guillemet
Guil"le*met` (?), n. [F.] A quotation mark. [R.]
Guillemot
Guil"le*mot` (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several northern sea
birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and
are expert divers and swimmers.
NOTE: &hand; Th e common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus
Uria (as U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus
grylle, formerly Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and
eligny. See Murre.
Guillevat
Guil`le*vat" [?], n. [F. guilloire (fr. guiller to work, ferment)+ E.
vat.] A vat for fermenting liquors.
Guilloche
Guil"loche` (?), n. [F. guillochis; -- said to be fr. Guillot, the
inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.) An ornament in the form
of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a continued
series, leaving circular openings which are filled with round
ornaments.
Guilloched
Guil*loched" (?), a. Waved or engine-turned. Mollett.
Guillotine
Guil"lo*tine` (?), n. [F., from Guillotin, a French physician, who
proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation
with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine
Louis, and was called at first Louison or Louisette. Similar machines,
however, were known earlier.]
1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or
blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let
fall upon the neck of the victim.
2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in
its action a guillotine.
Guillotine
Guil"lo*tine` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guillotined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Guillotining.] [Cf. F. guillotiner.] To behead with the guillotine.
Guilt
Guilt (?), n. [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime; probably originally
signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the
offense itself, and akin to AS. gieldan to pay, E. yield. See Yield,
v. t.]
1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting
from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh
state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime;
criminality; offense against right.
Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of his own sin.
Milton.
2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture.
A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade. Kent.
Guiltily
Guilt"i*ly (?), adv. In a guilty manner.
Guiltiness
Guilt"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being guilty.
Guiltless
Guilt"less, a.
1. Free from guilt; innocent.
The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
Ex. xx. 7.
2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).
Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had
formed. Milton.
-- Guilt"less*ly, adv. -- Guilt"less*ness, n.
Guilt-sick
Guilt"-sick` (?), a. Made sick by consciousness of guilt. "A
guilt-sick conscience." Beau. c& El.
Guilty
Guilt"y (?), a. [Compar. Gultier (?); superl. Guiltiest.] [AS. gyltig
liable. See Guilt.]
1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked;
chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly
exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually followed by the
crime, sometimes by the punishment.
They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Matt. xxvi. 66.
Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife. Dryden.
2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look; a
guilty act; a guilty feeling.
3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden.
Guiltylike
Guilt"y*like` (?), adv. Guiltily. [Obs.] Shak.
Guinea
Guin"ea (?), n.
1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its
export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass,
Guinea peach, etc., are named.
2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling,
or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in
1817.
The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was
first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty
shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings.
Pinkerton.
Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in
the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the
coast of Guinea.-- Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping
counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen
(Zo\'94l.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied
to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has
a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray
color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N.
cristata) is a finer species.-- Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of
Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong
forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the
West Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a
liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the
feathers of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under Peach. --
Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the
order Anonace\'91, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold
under the name of Piper \'92thiopicum. --Guinea pig.
NOTE: [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.]
(a) (Zo\'94l.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven
inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange
and black.<-- called also cavy -- used commonly as an experimental
animal in laboratory research. (c). metaphorically, any animal or
person used in an experiment; -- often applied to people who are
unwillingly or unknowingly subjected by authorities to policies or
procedures which might cause bodily or mental harm. --> (b) A
contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett<-- obs in this sense now. -->. --
Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West
African tree of the order Chrysobalane\'91, having a scarcely edible
fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray plum and
rough-skin plum. -- Guinea worm (Zo\'94l.), a long and slender African
nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the
cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.
Guipure
Gui*pure" (?), n. [F.] A term used for lace of different kinds; most
properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no
ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting
threads called bars or brides.
Guirland
Guir"land (?), n. [Obs.] See Garland.
Guise
Guise (?), n. [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr. OHG.
w\'c6sa, G. weise. See Wise, n.]
1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner;
behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such phrases
as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself.
Chaucer.
The swain replied, "It never was our guise To slight the poor, or
aught humane despise." Pope.
2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or
expression; garb; shape.
As then the guise was for each gentle swain. Spenser.
A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever
yet have overpowered the imagination. Burke.
3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.
Guiser
Guis"er (?), n. [From Guise.] A person in disguise; a masker; a
mummer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Guitar
Gui*tar" (?), n. [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.guitarra, It.
chitarra; all fr. Gr. cithara. Cf. Cittern, Gittern.] A stringed
instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and
having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three
of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.
Guitguit
Guit"guit` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
several species of small tropical American birds of the family
C\'d2rebid\'91, allied to the creepers; -- called also quit. See Quit.
Gula
Gu"la (?), n.; pl. L. Gul\'92 (#), E. Gulas (#). [L., the throat,
gullet.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the
upper throat. (b) A plate which in most insects supports the
submentum.
2. (Arch.) A capping molding. Same as Cymatium.
Gular
Gu"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the gula or
throat; as, gular plates. See Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin.
Gulaund
Gu"laund (?), n. [Icel. gul-\'94nd.] An arctic sea bird.
Gulch
Gulch (?), n.
1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]
2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.
Gulch
Gulch, v. t. [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. g\'94lka to gulch, D. gulzig
greedy, or E. gulp.] To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]
Guid
Guid (?), n. A flower. See Gold. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gulden
Gul"den (?), n. See Guilder.
Gule
Gule (?), v. t. To give the color of gules to.
Gule
Gule (?), n. The throat; the gullet. [Obs.]
Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous. Gauden.
Gules
Gules (?), n. [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule throat,
OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the red color of the throat.
See Gullet, and cf. Gula.] (Her.) The tincture red, indicated in seals
and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence,
used poetically for a red color or that which is red.
His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In which two swords
he bore; his word, "Divide and reign." P. Fletcher.
Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground; gules, gules.
Shak.
Let's march to rest and set in gules, like suns. Beau. & Fl.
Gulf
Gulf (?), n. [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. bosom, bay, gulf, LGr.
1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,
He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton.
Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed. Luke xvi. 26.
2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak.
3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy.
Shak.
A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. Tennyson.
4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a
partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico.
5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode.
Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic.
NOTE: It or iginates in the westward equatorial current, due to the
trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the
Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America,
turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of
flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan
current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the
Pacific.
-- Gulf weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or sea
grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf
Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.
Gulfy
Gulf"y (?), a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. Chapman.
Gulgul
Gul"gul (?), n. [Hind. galgal.] A cement made in India from sea
shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's
bottom, to prevent the boring of worms.
Gulist
Gu"list (?), n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. [Obs.]
Gull
Gull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulling.]
[Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw. gylla to deceive, D. kullen,
and E. cullibility.] To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to
defraud.
The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed. Dryden.
I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service. Coleridge.
Gull
Gull, n.
1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak.
2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak.
Gull
Gull, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. gullan, W. gwylan.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and
allied genera.
NOTE: &hand; Am ong the best known American species are the herring
gull (Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus)
the laughing gull (L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L.
Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus canus.
Gull teaser (Zo\'94l.), the jager; -- also applied to certain species
of terns.
Gullage
Gull"age (?), n. Act of being gulled. [Obs.]
Had you no quirk. To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature? B.
Jonson
Guller
Gull"er (?), n. One who gulls; a deceiver.
Gullery
Gull"er*y (?), n. An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery;
fraud. [R.] "A mere gullery." Selden.
Gullet
Gul"let (?), n. [OE. golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole, goule, throat,
F. gueule, L. gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula, G. kenle; cf. F. goulet
the neck of a bottle, goulotte channel gutter. Cf. Gules, Gully.]
1. (Anat.) The tube by which food and drink are carried from the
pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus.
2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar
functions; as: (a) A channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut
or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of
earth wagons. (c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 658
Gulleting
Gul"let*ing (?), n. (Engin.) A system of excavating by means of
gullets or channels.
Gullible
Gul"li*ble (?), a. Easily gulled; that may be duped. --
Gul"li*bii`i*ty (#), n. Burke.
Gullish
Gull"ish (?), a. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] Gull"ish*ness, n. [Obs.]
Gully
Gul"ly (?), n.; pl. Gulles (#). [Etymol. uncertain] A large knife.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Gully
Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gullies (#). [Formerly gullet.]
1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a
short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry.
2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.]
Gully gut, a glutton. [Obs.] Chapman. -- Gully hole, the opening
through which gutters discharge surface water.
Gully
Gul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gullied (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gullying.] To
wear into a gully or into gullies.<-- = wear down, not wear as
clothing! -->
Gully
Gul"ly, v. i. To flow noisily. [Obs.] Johnson.
Gulosity
Gu*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. gulositas, fr. gulosus gluttonous. See
Gullet.] Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Gulp
Gulp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulping.]
[D. gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.] To swallow eagerly, or in large
draughts; to swallow up; to take down at one swallow.
He does not swallow, but he gulps it down. Cowper.
The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole narrative. Fielding.
To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.
Gulp
Gulp, n.
1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is
awallowed at once.
2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]
Gulph
Gulph (?), n. [Obs.] See Gulf.
Gult
Gult (?), n. Guilt. See Guilt. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gulty
Gult"y (?), a. Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Guly
Gul"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to gules; red. "Those fatal guly
dragons." Milton.
Gum
Gum (?), n. [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG. goumo,
guomo, Icel. g, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. The dense tissues which invest the
teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws. Gum rash (Med.),
strophulus in a teething child; red gum. -- Gum stick, a smooth hard
substance for children to bite upon while teething.
Gum
Gum, v. t. To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a
worn saw). See Gummer.
Gum
Gum, n. [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr. Gr. kam;
cf. It. gomma.]
1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it
exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the
gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are
not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really
resins.
2. (Bot.) See Gum tree, below.
3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly
made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U.
S.]
4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.]
Black gum, Blue gum, British gum, etc. See under Black, Blue, etc. --
Gum Acaroidea, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree
(Xanlhorrh\'d2a). -- Gum animal (Zo\'94l.), the galago of West Africa;
-- so called because it feeds on gums. See Galago. -- Gum animi or
anim\'82. See Anim\'82. -- Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several
species of Acacia (chiefly A. vera and A. Arabica) growing in Africa
and Southern Asia; -- called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic
comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple.
-- Gum butea, a gum yielded by the Indian plants Butea frondosa and B.
superba, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. --
Gum cistus, a plant of the genus Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a
species of rock rose.-- Gum dragon. See Tragacanth. -- Gum elastic,
Elastic gum. See Caoutchouc. -- Gum elemi. See Elemi. -- Gum juniper.
See Sandarac. -- Gum kino. See under Kino. -- Gum lac. See Lac. -- Gum
Ladanum, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus
or rock rose. -- Gum passages, sap receptacles extending through the
parenchyma of certain plants (Amygdalace\'91, Cactace\'91, etc.), and
affording passage for gum. -- Gum pot, a varnish maker's utensil for
melting gum and mixing other ingredients. -- Gum resin, the milky
juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain
inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin;
a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. -- Gum
sandarac. See Sandarac. -- Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic,
yielded by trees (Acacia Verek and A. Adansoni\'84) growing in the
Senegal country, West Africa. -- Gum tragacanth. See Tragacanth. --
Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and Australia:
(a) The black gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest trees of the
Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the
opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the
genus Eucalyptus. See Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum tree of the United
States (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large and beautiful tree with
pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic
terebinthine juice. -- Gum water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum
arabic, in water. -- Gum wood, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood
of the Eucalyptus piperita, of New South Wales.
Gum
Gum, v. t. [imp. &. p. Gummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gumming.] To smear
with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike
substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.
He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak.
Gum
Gum, v. i. To exude or from gum; to become gummy.
Gumbo
Gum"bo (?), n. [Written aalso gombo.]
1. A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra
soup.
2. The okra plant or its pods.
Gumboil
Gum"boil (?), n. (Med.) A small suppurting inflamed spot on the
gum.
Gumma
Gum"ma (?), n.; pl. Gummata (#). [NL. So called from its gummy
contents See Gum.] (Med.) A kind of soft tumor, usually of
syphilitic origin.
Gummatous
Gum*ma"tous (?), a. (Med.) Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.
Gummer
Gum"mer (?), n. [From 2d Gum.] A punch-cutting tool, or machine for
deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.
Gummiferous
Gum*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gummi gum + -ferous.] Producing gum;
gum-bearing.
Gumminess
Gum"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gummy;
viscousness.
Gummite
Gum"mite (?), n. [So called because it occurs in rounded or
flattened pieces which look like gum.] (Min.) A yellow amorphous
mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the
alteration of uraninite.
Gummosity
Gum*mos"i*ty (?), n. Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or
nature. [R.] Floyer.
Gummous
Gum"mous (?), a. [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.]
1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a gumma.
Gummy
Gum"my (?), a. [Compar. Gummer (Gummirst.] Consisting of gum;
viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or
a substance resembling gum.
Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. Milton.
Then rubs his gummy eyes. Dryden.
Gummy tumor (Med.), a gumma.
Gump
Gump (?), n. [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumprg.] A
dolt; a dunce. [Low.] Holloway.
Gumption
Gump"tion (?), n. [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS. ge\'a2mian,
gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth.
gaumjan to see, notice.]
1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.]<-- in MW10 marked as
chiefly dial. -->
One does not have gumption till one has been properly cheated. Lord
Lytton.
2. (Paint.) (a) The art of preparing colors. Sir W. Scott. (b) Megilp.
Fairholt. <-- 3. initiative = primary modern usage -->
Gun
Gun (?), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael.) A
LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or
abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling
stones.]
1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any
firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of
gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which
the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is
ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling
pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called small arms.
Larger guns are called cannon, ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades,
howitzers, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary.
As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder
runne. Chaucer.
The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing
from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out. Selden.
2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.
3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind.
NOTE: &hand; Gu ns ar e classified, according to their construction
or manner of loading as rifled or smoothbore, breech-loading or
muzzle-loading, cast or built-up guns; or according to their use,
as field, mountain, prairie, seacoast, and siege guns.
Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its
English inventor, Sir William Armstrong. -- Great gun, a piece of
heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in any way. -- Gun
barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun. -- Gun carriage, the carriage on
which a gun is mounted or moved. -- Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name
for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by
steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are
formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results
exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash,
with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and
open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of
cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from
the highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and cf.
Xyloidin. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in
gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the
soluble variety (pyroxylin) for making collodion. See Celluloid, and
Collodion. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called
nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of
nitric acid. -- Gun deck. See under Deck. -- Gun fire, the time at
which the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- Gun metal, a bronze,
ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for
cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast
iron. -- Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a
cannon's muzzle is run out for firing. -- Gun tackle (Naut.), the
blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun
carriage is run to and from the gun port. -- Gun tackle purchase
(Naut.), a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall. Totten. --
Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its
German inventor, Herr Krupp. -- Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a
group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having
a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or
guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery
operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a
minute with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, Gardner gun, Hotchkiss gun,
and Nordenfelt gun, named for their inventors, and the French
mitrailleuse, are machine guns. -- To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow
a gale. See Gun, n., 3.
Gun
Gun (?), v. i. To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly
in participial form; as, to go gunning. <-- gun for = pursue with the
intent to kill; Fig., to make effort to harm someone, also used
humorously; (MW10: "to aim at or go after with determination or
effort") -->
Guna
Gu"na (g&oomac;"n&adot;), n. [Skr. guna quality.] In Sanskrit grammar,
a lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element.
The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other
languages.
Gunarchy
Gu"nar*chy (?), n. See Gynarchy.
Gunboat
Gun"boat` (?), n. (Nav.) A vessel of light draught, carrying one or
more guns.
Guncotton
Gun"cot`ton (?). See under Gun.
Gundelet
Gun"de*let (?), n. [Obs.] See Gondola. Marston.
Gunflint
Gun"flint` (?), n. A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite
the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion
caps. <-- used in the flintlock -->
Gunjah
Gun"jah (?), n. (Bot.) See Ganja.
Gunlock
Gun"lock` (?), n. The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See
Lock.
Gunnage
Gun"nage (?), n. The number of guns carried by a ship of war.
Gunnel
Gun"nel (?), n. [See Gunwale.]
1. A gunwale.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus
Mur\'91noides; esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called
also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock eel.
Gunner
Gun"ner (?), n.
1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.
2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a
vessel.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The great northern diver or loon. See Loon. (b) The
sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish]
Gunner's daughter, the gun to which men or boys were lashed for
punishment. [Sailor's slang] W. C. Russell.
Gunnery
Gun"ner*y (?), n. That branch of military science which comprehends
the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using
ordnance.
Gunnie
Gun"nie (?), n. (Mining.) Space left by the removal of ore.
Gunning
Gun"ning (?), n. The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with
a gun.
The art of gunning was but little practiced. Goldsmith.
Gunny, n., Gunny cloth
Gun"ny (?), n., Gun"ny cloth` (. [Hind. gon, gon,, a sack, sacking.] A
strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of
two plants of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and C. capsularis), of
India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage. Gunny
bag, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities.
Gunocracy
Gu*noc"ra*cy (?), n. See Gyneocracy.
Gunpowder
Gun"pow`der (?), n. (Chem.) A black, granular, explosive substance,
consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and
sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.
NOTE: &hand; Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter,
with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its
explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the necessary
amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates gases
(chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or
fifteen hundred times more space than the powder which generated
them.
Gunpowder pile driver, a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up
by the explosion of gunpowder. -- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot
to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws
against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was
about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he
was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as Guy
Fawkes Day. -- Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each leaf
of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.
Gunreach
Gun"reach` (?), n. The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot;
gunshot.
Gunroom
Gun"room` (, n. (Naut.) An apartment on the after end of the lower gun
deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the
commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the
United States navy.
Gunshot
Gun"shot` (?), n.
1. Act of firing a gun; a shot.
2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be
effective; the reach or range of a gun.
Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out
of gunshot. Dryden.
Gunshot
Gun"shot`, a. Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound.
Gunsmith
Gun"smith (?), n. One whose occupation is to make or repair small
firearms; an armorer.
Gunsmithery, Gunsmith ing
Gunsmith`er*y (?), Gun"smith` ing, n. The art or business of a
gunsmith.
Gunstick
Gun"stick (?), n. A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a
rammer or ramrod. [R.]
Gunstock
Gun"stock` (?), n. The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun
is fastened.
Gunstome
Gun"stome` (?), n. A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made
of stone. [Obs.] Shak.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 659
Gunter rig
Gun"ter rig` (?). (Naut.) A topmast arranged with metal bands so that
it will readily slide up and down the lower mast.
Gunter's chain
Gun"ter's chain` (?). (Surveying) The chain ordinarily used in
measuring land. See Chain, n., 4, and Gunter's scale.
Gunter's line
Gun"ter's line` (?). A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for
performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by
the dividers; -- called also line of lines, and line of numbers.
Gunter's quadrant
Gun"ter's quad`rant (?). A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc.,
showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it
are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of
objects in degrees, etc. See Gunter's scale.
Gunter's scale
Gun"ter's scale` (?). A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter
(1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who
invented also Gunter's chain, and Gunter's quadrant.
NOTE: &hand; Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one
side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines,
tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms
of these various parts, by means of which many problems in
surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of
dividers alone.
Gunwale
Gun"wale (?), n. [Gun + wale. So named because the upper guns were
pointed from it.] (Naut.) The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side;
the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that
piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to
the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper
works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.]
Gurge
Gurge (?), n. [L. gurges.] A whirlpool. [Obs.]
The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out from under
ground. Milton.
Gurge
Gurge, v. t. [See Gorge.] To swallow up. [Obs.]
Gurgeons
Gur"geons (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Grudgeons.
Gurgle
Gur"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gurgled (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling
(?).] [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio
gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.] To run or flow in a broken, irregular,
noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles
or stones.
Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music
on the savage race. Young.
Gurgle
Gur"gle, n. The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling
gurgles." W. Thompson.
Gurglet
Gur"glet (?), n. [See Goglet.] A porous earthen jar for cooling water
by evaporation.
Gurgling-ly
Gur"gling-ly` (?), adv. In a gurgling manner.
Gurgoyle
Gur"goyle (?), n. See Gargoyle.
Gurjun
Gur"jun (?), n. A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the
Diptcrocarpus l\'91vis, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine,
and as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.
Gurl
Gurl (?), n. A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See Girl. Chaucer.
Gurlet
Gur"let (?), n. (Masonry) A pickax with one sharp point and one
cutting edge. Knight.
Gurmy
Gur"my (?), n. (Mining) A level; a working.
Gurnard, Gurnet
Gur"nard (?), Gur"net (?) n. [OF. gornal, gournal, gornart, perh. akin
to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead gurnard.] (Zo\'94l.) One
ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied
genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the
species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to
the American sea robins. [Written also gournet.] Plyling gurnard. See
under Flying.
Gurniad
Gur"ni*ad (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gwiniad.
Gurry
Gur"ry (?), n. An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or
Local] Holland.
Gurry
Gur"ry`, n. [Hind. garh\'c6.] A small fort. [India]
Gurt
Gurt (?), n. (Mining) A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the
bottom of a working drift. Page.
Gurts
Gurts (?), n. pl. [Cf. Grout.] Groatts. [Obs.]
Gush
Gush (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gushing.]
[OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh. akin to
AS. ge\'a2tan to pour, G. giessen, Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found to
cast.]
1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a
fluid from confinement; to flow copiously.
He smote the rock that the waters gushed out. Ps ixxviii 20.
A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound. Spenser.
2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to
display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.]
Gush
Gush, v. t.
1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an
emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid
thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song from
a bird.
The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains. Byron.
2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive
display of sentiment. [Collog.]
Gusher
Gush"er (?), n. One who gushes. [Colloq.]
Gushing
Gush"ing, a.
1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as,
gushing waters. "Gushing blood." Milton.
2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly
demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental. [Colloq.]
Gushingly
Gush"ing*ly (?), adv.
1. In a gushing manner; copiously. Byron.
2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.]
Gusset
Gus"set (?), n. [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of gousse pod,
husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore, gusset.]
1. A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of
strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement.
Seam and gusset and band. Hood.
2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as: (a) (Armor) A small
piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms.
(b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in
the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the
part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.
3. (Her.) An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms,
resembling a gusset.
Gust
Gust (?), n. [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.]
1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief
rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw.
Milton.
2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.
Gust
Gust, n. [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. &root;46.]
1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto.
An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and
appetite. Jer. Taylor.
2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely
relished; enjoyment.
Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. Pope.
3. Intellectual taste; fancy.
A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the
ancients. Dryden.
Gust
Gust, v. t. [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST a
relish.] To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]
Gustable
Gust"a*ble (?), a. [See Gust, v.] [Obs.]
1. Capable of being tasted; tastable.
This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall
bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter. Harvey.
2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.
A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects
the glands and parts of the mouth. Derham.
Gustable
Gust"a*ble, n. Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.]
Gustard
Gus"tard (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The great bustard.
Gustation
Gus*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.] The act of
tasting. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Gustatory
Gusta*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of
taste; as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the
tongue.
Gustful
Gust"ful (?), a. Tasteful; well-tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. --
Gust"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.
Gustful
Gust"ful, a. Gusty. [R.]
A gustful April morn. Tennyson.
Gustless
Gust"less, a. Tasteless; insipid. [R.]
Gusto
Gus"to (?), n. [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf.
2d GUST, GOUR.] Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish;
taste; fancy. Dryden.
Gustoso
Gus*to"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Tasteful; in a tasteful,
agreeable manner.
Gusty
Gust"y (?), a. Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls;
windy; stormy; tempestuous.
Upon a raw and gusty day. Shak.
Gut
Gut (?), n. [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel, and
akin to ge\'a2tan to pour. See FOUND to cast.]
1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso.
2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron;
(pl.) bowels; entrails.
3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used
for various purposes. See Catgut.
4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its
cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This,
when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish
line.
Blind gut. See C\'92cum, n. (b).
Gut
Gut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gutting.]
1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.
2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or
contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse.
Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its
vowels, used it as freely as he pleased. Addison.
Gutta
Gut"ta (?), n.; pl. Gutt\'92 (#). [L.]
1. A drop.
2. (Arch.) One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a
cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the
lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also
campana, and drop.
Gutta serena [L., lit. serene or clear drop] (Med.), amaurosis. --
Gutt\'91 band> (Arch.), the listel or band from which the gutt\'91
hang.
Gutta-percha
Gut"ta-per`cha (?), n. [Malay gutah gum + pertja the tree from which
is it procured.] A concrete juice produced by various trees found in
the Malayan archipelago, especially by the Isonandra, OR Dichopsis,
Gutta. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling
water, and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils
and ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles
caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes.
The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields this material.
Guttate
Gut"tate (?), a. [L. guttatus. Cf. Gutty.] Spotted, as if discolored
by drops.
Guttated
Gut"ta*ted (?), a. [See Guttate.] Besprinkled with drops, or droplike
spots. Bailey.
Guttatrap
Gut"ta*trap (?), n. The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus
Artocarpus (A. incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making
birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.
Gutter
Gut"ter (?), n. [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. goutti\'8are, fr. OF.
gote, goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.]
1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an
eaves channel; an eaves trough.
2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface
water.
Gutters running with ale. Macaulay.
3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the
vent of a gun from repeated firing.
Gutter member (Arch.), an architectural member made by treating the
outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it
with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement. --
Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing
out gutters. -- Gutter snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a
street Arab. [Slang] -- Gutter stick (Printing), one of the pieces of
furniture which separate pages in a form.
Gutter
Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guttered (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Guttering.]
1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel. Shak.
2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] Dryden.
Gutter
Gut"ter, v. i. To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares
in the wind.
Guttifer
Gut"ti*fer` (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.] (Bot.) A
plant that exudes gum or resin.
Guttiferous
Gut*tif"er*ous (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Yielding gum or resinous substances.
(b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (Guttifer\'91)
noted for their abounding in a resinous sap.
Guttiform
Gut"ti*form (?), a. [L. gutta a drop + -form.] Drop-shaped, as a spot
of color.
Guttle
Gut"tle (?), v. t. & i. [From GUT, n.] To put into the gut; to swallow
greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Dryden.
Guttler
Gut"tler (?), n. A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.]
Guttulous
Gut"tu*lous (?), a. [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta drop.] In
droplike form. [Obs.]
In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air. Sir T. Browne.
Guttural
Gut"tur*al (?), a. [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.] Of or
pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or
characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat.
Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings. W. Guthrie.
In such a sweet, guttural accent. Landor.
Guttural
Gut"tur*al, n. A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by
the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft
palate; also, a letter representing such a sound.
Gutturalism
Gut"tur*al*ism (?), n. The quality of being guttural; as, the
gutturalism of A [in the 16th cent.] Earle.
Gutturality
Gut"tur*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being guttural. [R.] "The old
gutturality of k." Earle.
Gutturalize
Gut"tur*al*ize (?), v. t. To speak gutturally; to give a guttural
sound to.
Gutturally
Gut"tur*al*ly, adv. In a guttural manner.
Gutturalness
Gut"tur*al*ness, n. The quality of being guttural.
Gutturine
Gut"tur*ine (?), a. [L. guttur throat.] Pertaining to the throat.
[Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." Ray.
Gutturize
Gut"tur*ize (?), v. t. [L. guttur throat.] To make in the throat; to
gutturalize. [R.]
For which the Germans gutturize a sound. Coleridge.
Gutturo-
Gut"tur*o- (?). A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as,
gutturo-nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character;
gutturo-palatal.
Gutty
Gut"ty (?), a. [L. gutta drop: cf. F. goutt\'82. Cf. Guttated.] (Her.)
Charged or sprinkled with drops.
Gutwort
Gut"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent
purgative, found in Africa.
Guy
Guy (?), n. [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of
ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and
the same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf. Gye.] A rope, chain, or
rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide
an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in
place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope
connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent
lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as
of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is
fastened.
Guy
Guy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guying.] To steady
or guide with a guy.
Guy
Guy, n.
1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England
on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.
The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. W. S. Gilbert.
2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.
Guy
Guy, v. t. To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of
ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.]
Guyle
Guyle (?), v. t. To guile. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Page 660
Guze
Guze (?), n. [Cf. Gules.] (Her.) A roundlet of tincture sanguine,
which is blazoned without mention of the tincture.
Guzzle
Guz"zle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Guzzled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Guzzling
(.] [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin to
F. gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's crop.] To swallow liquor
greedily; to drink much or frequently.
Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. Milton.
Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she
guzzles, chats the doctor's praise. Roscommon.
To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay.
Guzzle
Guz"zle, v. t. To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate
gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer.
Dryden.
Guzzle
Guz"zle, n. An insatiable thing or person.
That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. Marston.
Guzzler
Guz"zler (?), n. An immoderate drinker.
Gwiniad
Gwin"i*ad (?), n. [W. gwyniad a whiting, the name of various fishes,
fr. gwyn white.] (Zool.) A fish (Coregonus ferus) of North Wales and
Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also powan,
and schelly. [Written also gwyniad, guiniad, gurniad.]
Gyall
Gy"all (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gayal.
Gyb, Gybe
Gyb (?), Gybe (, n. (Naut.) See Jib. [Obs.]
Gybe
Gybe (?), n. & v. See Gibe.
Gybe
Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gybed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gybing.]
[See Jibe.] (Naut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the other;
-- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered
off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also jibe.]
Gye
Gye (?), v. t. [OF. guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf. Guy.]
To guide; to govern. [Obs.]
Discreet enough his country for to gye. Chaucer.
Gyle
Gyle (?), n. [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.] Fermented wort
used for making vinegar. Gyle tan (Brewing), a large vat in which wort
ferments.
Gymnal
Gym"nal (?), a. & n. Same as Gimmal.
Gymnasiarch
Gym*na"si*arch (?), n. [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. gymnasiarque.] (Gr.
Antiq.) An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and
provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.
Gymnasium
Gym*na"si*um (?) n.; pl. E. Gymnasiums (#), L. Gymnasia (#). [L., fr.
Gr.
1. A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a
school for gymnastics.
2. A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a
preparatory school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools
of this kind.
More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than universities. Hallam.
Gymnast
Gym"nast (, n. [Gr. gymnaste. See Gymnasium.] One who teaches or
practices gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete.
Gymnastic, Gymnastical
Gym*nas"tic (?), Gym*nas"tic*al (?), a. [L. gymnasticus, Gr.
gymnastique. See Gymnasium.] Pertaining to athletic exercises intended
for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as
running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.;
also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for the intellect;
athletic; as, gymnastic exercises, contests, etc.
Gymnastic
Gym*nas"tic, n. A gymnast. [Obs.]
Gymnastically
Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a gymnastic manner.
Gymnastics
Gym*nas"tics (?), n. Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of
performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the
intellect or character.
Gymnic, Gymnical
Gym"nic (?), Gym"nic*al (?) a. [L. gymnicus, Gr. gymnique. See
Gymmasium.] Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.]
Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic artists,
wrestlers, riders, runners ? Milton.
Gymnic
Gym"nic, n. Athletic exercise. [Obs.] Burton.
Gymnite
Gym"nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia.
Gymnoblastea
Gym"no*blas`te*a (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.)
The Athecata; -- so called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed
in a capsule.
Gymnoblastic
Gym"no*blas"tic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Gymnoblastea.
Gymnocarpous
Gym`no*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.) Naked-fruited, the
fruit either smooth or not adherent to the perianth. Gray.
Gymnochroa
Gym*noch"ro*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See Hydra.
Gymnocladus
Gym*noc"la*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.) A genus of
leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic,
and the seeds a substitute for coffee.
Gymnocopa
Gym"no*co`pa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A
group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having setae only in the
cephalic appendages.
Gymnocyte
Gym"no*cyte (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s nake + (Biol.) A cytode without a
proper cell wall, but with a nucleus. Haeckel.
Gymnocytode
Gym"no*cy`tode (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + E. cytode.] (Biol.) A
cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. Haeckel.
Gymnodont
Gym"no*dont (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zool.) One of a group of
plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes), having the teeth and jaws
consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts
and tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish, Diodon.
Gymnogen
Gym"no*gen (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.) One of a class
of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by
direct contact of the pollen. Same as Gymnosperm.
Gymnoglossa
Gym"no*glos`sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A
division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without teeth.
Gymnol\'91ma, Gymnol\'91mata
Gym"no*l\'91`ma (?), Gym*no*l\'91"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [Nl., fr. Gr.
gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.
Gymnonoti
Gym"no*no`ti (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) The
order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The
dorsal fin is wanting.
Gymnop\'91dic
Gym`no*p\'91d"ic ((?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) Having young
that are naked when hatched; psilop\'91dic; -- said of certain birds.
Gymnophiona
Gym`no*phi"o*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.)
An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See
Ophiomorpha.
Gymnophthalmata
Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked +
(Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medus\'91;
the hydromedus\'91. Most of them are known to be the free-swimming
progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.
Gymnoplast
Gym"no*plast (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape, mold.]
(Biol.) A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white
blood corpuscle.
Gymnorhinal
Gym"no*rhi`nal (?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) Having
unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.
Gymnosomata
Gym`no*so"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.)
One of the orders of Pteropoda. They have no shell.
Gymnosophist
Gym*nos"o*phist (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnosophisle.] One of a
sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander
the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh,
renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the
contemplation of nature.
Gymnosophy
Gym*nos"o*phy (?), n. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. Good.
Gymnosperm
Gym"no*sperm (?), n. (Bot.) A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e.,
seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf.
Angiosperm.
Gymnospermous
Gym"no*sper`mous (?), n. [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked + spe`rma
seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.) (a) Having naked seeds, or seeds not
inclosed in a capsule or other vessel. (b) Belonging to the class of
plants consisting of gymnosperms.
Gymnotoka
Gym*not"o*ka (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) The
Athecata.
Gymnotus
Gym*no"tus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnote.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the Gymnotus
electricus, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like body, and is
possessed of electric power.
One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the electric
blow of the gymnotus. De Quincey.
Gyn
Gyn (?), v. i. To begin [Obs.] See Gin.
Gyn\'91ceum, Gyn\'91cium
Gyn`\'91*ce"um (?), Gyn`\'91*ci"um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. The part of a
large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women.
[Written also gyneceum, gynecium.] Tennyson.
Gyn\'91cian
Gy*n\'91"cian (?), a. The same as Gynecian.
Gyn\'91cophore
Gy`n\'91"co*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A ventral canal or groove,
in which the males of some dioecious trematodes carry the female. See
Illust. of H\'91matozoa.
Gynander
Gy*nan"der (?), n. [See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A plant having the stamens
inserted in the pistil.
Gynandria
Gy*nan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A class of
plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow out of, or are
united with, the pistil.
Gynandrian, Gynandrous
Gy*nan"dri*an (?), Gy*nan"drous (?), a. [Gr. gy`nandros of doubtful
sex; gynh` a woman + gynandre.] (Bot.) Having stamens inserted in the
pistil; belonging to the class Gynandria.
Gynandromorph
Gy*nan"dro*morph (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal affected with
gynandromorphism,
Gynandromorphism
Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism (?), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + (Zo\'94l.)
An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has the
external characters of the male, and the other those of the female.
Gynandromorphous
Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Affected, with
gynandromorphism.
Gynantherous
Gy*nan"ther*ous (?), a. [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. anther.] (Bot.)
Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the
stamens are converted into pistils. A. Brown.
Gynarchy
Gyn"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman+ -archy.] Government by a woman.
Chesterfield.
Gyneceum
Gyn"e*ce`um (?), n. See Gyn\'91ceum.
Gynecian
Gy*ne"cian (?), a. [Gr. Of or relating to women.
Gynecocracy
Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman +
gyn\'82cocratie. Cf. Gynocracy.] Government by a woman, female power;
gyneocracy. Bailey.
Gynecological
Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to gynecology.
Gynecology
Gyn"e*col`o*gy (?), n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman+ -logy.] The
science which treats of the structure and diseases of women. --
Gyn`e*col"o*gist.
Gyneocracy
Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy (?), n. See Gynecocracy.
Gyneolatry
Gyn`e*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The adoration or worship of woman.
The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at best but
skin-deep. Lowell.
Gynephobia
Gyn`e*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Hatred of women; repugnance to
the society of women. Holmes.
Gynno
Gyn"no (?), v. i. To begin. See Gin. [Obs.]
Gynobase
Gyn"o*base (?), n. [Gr. base.] (Bot.) A dilated base or receptacle,
supporting a multilocular ovary.
Gynobasic
Gyn"o*ba`sic (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.
Gynocracy
Gy*noc"ra*cy (?), n. [See Gynecocracy.] Female government;
gynecocracy.
The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism
to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of
oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even gynocracy; for I myself
remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old
fishwoman. Sir H. Scott.
Gynodi\'d2cious
Gy"no*di*\'d2`cious (?), a. [Gr. di.] (Bot.) Dioecious, but having
some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an individual plant which
bears mostly pistillate flowers.
Gyn\'d2cium
Gy*n\'d2"ci*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The pistils of a flower,
taken collectively. See Illust. of Carpophore.
Gynophore
Gyn"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. gynophore.]
1. (Bot.) The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens,
as in the passion flower. Lindley.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in
certain Siphonophora.
Gyp
Gyp (?), n. [Said to be a sportive application of Gr. A college
servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a scout.
[Cant]
Gypse
Gypse (?), n. [F.] See Gypsum. [Obs.] Pococke.
Gypseous
Gyp"se*ous (?), a. [L. gypseus. See Gypsum.] Resembling or containing
gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.
Gypsey
Gyp"sey (?), n. A gypsy. See Gypsy.
Gypsiferous
Gyp*sif"er*ous (?), a. [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F. gypsif.] Containing
gypsum.
Gyp'sine
Gyp'sine ((?), a. Gypseous. [R.] Chambers.
Gypsography
Gyp*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gypsum + -graphy.] The act or art of engraving
on gypsum.
Gypsoplast
Gyp"so*plast (?), n. [Gypsum + Gr. A cast taken in plaster of Paris,
or in white lime.
Gypsum
Gyp"sum (?), n. [L. gypsum, Gr. jibs plaster, mortar, Per. jabs lime.]
(Min.) A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium).
When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is a transparent,
crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white, massive variety.
Gypsy
Gyp"sy (?), n.; pl. Gypsies (#). [OE. Gypcyan, F. gyptien Egyptian,
gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and gypsey.]
1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India,
entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over
Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft,
fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian, Romany.
Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose, Beguiled me to the
very heart of loss. Shak.
2. The language used by the gypsies. Shak.
3. A dark-complexioned person. Shak.
4. A cunning or crafty person [Collog.] Prior.
Gypsy
Gyp"sy a. Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies. Gypsy hat, a
woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt. --
Gypsy winch, a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a
ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 661
Gypsy
Gyp"sy (?), v. i. To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly.
Gyp"sy*ing, vb. n.
Gypsyism
Gyp"sy*ism (?), n.
1. The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating;
flattery.
2. The state of a gypsy.
Gypsywort
Gyp"sy*wort" (?), n. (Bot.) A labiate plant (the Lycopus Europ\'91us).
Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice.
Gyracanthus
Gyr`a*can"thus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr, (Paleon.) A genus of fossil
fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous strata; -- so named from
their round, sculptured spines.
Gyral
Gy"ral (?), a. [See Gyre.]
1. Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.
Gyrant
Gy"rant (?), a. Gyrating. [R.]
Gyrate
Gy"rate (?), a. [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of gyrare.]
Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a circular
course.
Gyrate
Gy"rate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gyrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Gyrating.] [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre, n.] To
revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a
tornado; to revolve.
Gyration
Gy*ra"tion (?), n.
1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a
circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution.
The gyrations of an ascending balloon. De Quincey.
If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations
continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire. Sir
I. Newton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell.
Center of gyration. (Mech.) See under Center. -- Radius of gyration
the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of
gyration. Rankine.
Gyratory
Gy"ra*to*ry (?), a. Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving;
whirling around.
Gyre
Gyre (?), n. [L. gyrus, Gr. A circular motion, or a circle described
by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit.
Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres. Dryden.
Still expanding and ascending gyres. Mrs. Browning.
Gyre
Gyre, v. t. & i. [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.] To turn round; to
gyrate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Drayton.
Gyreful
Gyre"ful (?), a. Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]
Gyrencephala
Gyr"en*ceph`a*la (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The higher orders
of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is convoluted. --
Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous (#), a.
Gyrfalcon
Gyr"fal`con (?), n. [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL. gyrofalco,
perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and named from its circling
flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n., Falcon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. Falco
rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus, both of which are
circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See
Illust. of Accipiter. [Written also gerfalcon, gierfalcon, and
jerfalcon.]
Gyri
Gy"ri (?), n. pl. See Gyrus.
Gyrland
Gyr"land (?), v. t. [See Garland.] To garland. [Obs.]
Gyrodus
Gyr"o*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct
o\'94litic fishes, having rounded teeth in several rows adapted for
crushing.
Gyrogonite
Gy*rog"o*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) The petrified fruit of the Chara
hispida, a species of stonewort. See Stonewort. Lyell.
Gyroidal
Gy*roid"al (?), a. [Gr. -oid + -al.]
1. Spiral in arrangement or action.
2. (Crystallog.) Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they
incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of
certain hemihedral forms.
3. (Opt.) Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to
the right or left.
Gyrolepis
Gy*rol"e*pis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of ganoid fishes,
found in strata of the new red sandetone, and the lias bone beds.
Agassiz.
Gyroma
Gy*ro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A turning round. [R.]
Gyromancy
Gyr"o*man"cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. gyromancie.] A kind of
divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or
around it. Brande & C.
Gyron
Gy"ron (?), n. [F. giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of
cloth,] (Her.) A subordinary of triangular form having one of its
angles at the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the
escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded
by two linea drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter
side, and one to the dexter chief corner.
Gyronny
Gy"ron*ny (?), a. [F. gironn.] (Her.) Covered with gyrons, or divided
so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an escutcheon.
Gyropigeon
Gy"ro*pi"geon (?), n. [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.] A flying
object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring
trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches. Knight.
Gyroscope
Gy"ro*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.]
1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the
dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was
devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the
rotascope.
2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so
delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the
tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of
rotation, independently of the earth's motion.
Gyroscopic
Gy"ro*scop"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the
motion of the gyroscope.
Gy-rose
Gy-rose" (?), a. [See Gyre.] (Bot.) Turned round like a crook, or bent
to and fro. Loudon.
Gyrostat
Gy"ro*stat (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) A modification of the gyroscope,
consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to
which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the
instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.
Gyrostatic
Gy"ro*stat"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to
gyrostatics.
Gyrostatics
Gy"ro*stat"ics (?), n. (Physics) The doctrine or theory of the
gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.
Gyrus
Gy"rus (?), n.; pl. Gyri (#). [L. See Gyre, n.] A convoluted ridge
between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the gyri of
brain coral. See Brain.
Gyse
Gyse (?), n. Guise. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Gyte
Gyte (?), a. Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean
gyte. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Gyve
Gyve (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael.
geimheal.] A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter.
[Written also give.]
Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves. Shak.
With gyves upon his wrist. Hood.
Gyve
Gyve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gyved (p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving.] To fetter;
to shackle; to chain. Spenser.
I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. Shak.
H.