I I (?). 1. I, the ninth letter of the English alphabet, takes its form from the Ph\'d2nician, through the Latin and the Greek. The Ph\'d2nician letter was probably of Egyptian origin. Its original value was nearly the same as that of the Italian I, or long e as in mete. Etymologically I is most closely related to e, y, j, g; as in dint, dent, beverage, L. bibere; E. kin, AS. cynn; E. thin, AS. y nne; E. dominion, donjon, dungeon. In English I has two principal vowel sounds: the long sound, as in p\'c6ne, \'c6ce; and the short sound, as in p&icr;n. It has also three other sounds: (a) That of e in term, as in thirst. (b) That of e in mete (in words of foreign origin), as in machine, pique, regime. (c) That of consonant y (in many words in which it precedes another vowel), as in bunion, million, filial, Christian, etc. It enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field, seize, feign. friend; and with o often forms a proper diphtong, as in oil, join, coin. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 98-106. NOTE: The do t wh ich we place over the small or lower case i dates only from the 14th century. The sounds of I and J were originally represented by the same character, and even after the introduction of the form J into English dictionaries, words containing these letters were, till a comparatively recent time, classed together. 2. In our old authors, I was often used for ay (or aye), yes, which is pronounced nearly like it. 3. As a numeral, I stands for 1, II for 2, etc. I- I- (?), prefix. See Y-. I I (?), pron. [poss. My (?) or Mine (; object. Me (?). pl. nom. We (; poss. Our (?) or Ours (; object. Us (?).] [OE. i, ich, ic, AS. ic; akin to OS. & D. ik, OHG. ih, G. ich, Icel. ek, Dan. jeg, Sw. jag, Goth. ik, OSlav. az', Russ. ia, W. i, L. ego, Gr. aham. &root;179. Cf. Egoism.] The nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself. Iamatology I*am`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Med.) Materia Medica; that branch of therapeutics which treats of remedies. Iamb I"amb (?), n. [Cf. F. iambe. See Lambus.] An iambus or iambic. [R.] Iambic I*am"bic (?), a. [L. iambicus, Gr. iambique.] 1. (Pros.) Consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented; as, an iambic foot. 2. Pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; as, an iambic verse; iambic meter. See Lambus. Iambic I*am"bic, n. 1. (Pros.) (a) An iambic foot; an iambus. (b) A verse composed of iambic feet. NOTE: &hand; The following couplet consists of iambic verses. Thy gen- | ius calls | thee not | to pur- | chase fame In keen | iam- | bics, but | mild an- | agram. Dryden. 2. A satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon. Iambical I*am"bic*al (?), a. Iambic. [Obs. or R.] Iambically I*am"bic*al*ly, adv. In a iambic manner; after the manner of iambics. Iambize I*am"bize (?), v. t. [Gr. To satirize in iambics; to lampoon. [R.] Iambus I*am"bus (?), n.; pl. L. Iambi (#), E. Iambuses (#). [L. iambus, Gr. jacere to throw. Cf. Jet a shooting forth.] (Pros.) A foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, as in &acr;m\'bens, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one, as invent; an iambic. See the Couplet under Iambic, n. Ianthina I*an"thi*na (?), n.; pl. L. Ianthin\'91 (#), E. Ianthinas (#). [NL., fr. L. ianthinus violet-blue, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any gastropod of the genus Ianthina, of which various species are found living in mid ocean; -- called also purple shell, and violet snail. [Written also janthina.] NOTE: &hand; It floats at the surface by means of a raft, which it constructs by forming and uniting together air bubbles of hardened mucus. The Tyrian purple of the ancients was obtained in part from mollusks of this genus. Iatraliptic I*a`tra*lip"tic (?), a. [Gr. iatraliptique.] Treating diseases by anointing and friction; as, the iatraliptic method. [Written also iatroleptic.] Iatric, Iatrical I*at"ric (?), I*at"ric*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to medicine, or to medical men. Iatrochemical I*a`tro*chem"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to iatrochemistry, or to the iatrochemists. Iatrochemist I*a`tro*chem"ist (?), n. [Gr. chemist.] A physician who explained or treated diseases upon chemical principles; one who practiced iatrochemistry. Iatrochemistry I*a`tro*chem"is*try (?), n. Chemistry applied to, or used in, medicine; -- used especially with reference to the doctrines in the school of physicians in Flanders, in the 17th century, who held that health depends upon the proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical principles. Iatromathematical I*a`tro*math`e*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to iatromathematicians or their doctrine. Iatromathematician I*a`tro*math`e*ma*ti"cian (?), n. [Gr. mathematician.] (Hist. Med.) One of a school of physicians in Italy, about the middle of the 17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager student of anatomy; -- opposed to the iatrochemists. Iberian I*be"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iberia. Ibex I"bex (?), n.; pl. E. Ibexes (#), L. Ibices (#). [L., a kind of goat, the chamois.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of wild goats having very large, recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also steinbok. NOTE: &hand; Th e Al pine ib ex (Capra ibex) is the best known. The Spanish, or Pyrenean, ibex (C. Hispanica) has smoother and more spreading horns. Ibidem I*bi"dem (?), adv. [L.] In the same place; -- abbreviated ibid. or ib. Ibis I"bis (?), n. [L. ibis, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Ibis and several allied genera, of the family Ibid\'91, inhabiting both the Old World and the New. Numerous species are known. They are large, wading birds, having a long, curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles. NOTE: &hand; Th e sa cred ib is of th e an cient Eg yptians (I bis \'92thiopica) has the head and neck black, without feathers. The plumage of the body and wings is white, except the tertiaries, which are lengthened and form a dark purple plume. In ancient times this bird was extensively domesticated in Egypt, but it is now seldom seen so far north. The glossy ibis (Plegadis autumnalis), which is widely distributed both in the Old World and the New, has the head and neck feathered, except between the eyes and bill; the scarlet ibis (Guara rubra) and the white ibis (G. alba) inhabit the West Indies and South America, and are rarely found in the United States. The wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) of America belongs to the Stork family (Ciconid\'91). See Wood ibis. -ible -i*ble (?). See -able. -ic -ic (?). [L. -icus, Gr. ique.] 1. A suffix signifying, in general, relating to, or characteristic of; as, historic, hygienic, telegraphic, etc. 2. (Chem.) A suffix, denoting that the element indicated enters into certain compounds with its highest valence, or with a valence relatively higher than in compounds where the name of the element ends in -ous; as, ferric, sulphuric. It is also used in the general sense of pertaining to; as, hydric, sodic, calcic. Icarian I*ca"ri*an (?), a. [L. Icarius, Gr. Soaring too high for safety, like Icarus; adventurous in flight. Ice Ice (?), n. [OE. is, iis, AS. \'c6s; aksin to D. ijs, G. eis, OHG. \'c6s, Icel. \'c6ss, Sw. is, Dan. iis, and perh. to E. iron.] 1. Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4\'f8 C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats. NOTE: &hand; Wa ter fr eezes at 32 \'f8 F. or 0\'f8 Cent., and ice melts at the same temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of heat required to melt it. 2. Concreted sugar. Johnson. 3. Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen. 4. Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice. Anchor ice, ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or anchored to the ground. -- Bay ice, ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive fields which drift out to sea. -- Ground ice, anchor ice. -- Ice age (Geol.), the glacial epoch or period. See under Glacial. -- Ice anchor (Naut.), a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of ice. Kane. -- Ice blink [Dan. iisblink], a streak of whiteness of the horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight. -- Ice boat. (a) A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled on ice by sails; an ice yacht. (b) A strong steamboat for breaking a channel through ice. -- Ice box OR chest, a box for holding ice; a box in which things are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator. -- Ice brook, a brook or stream as cold as ice. [Poetic] Shak. -- Ice cream [for iced cream], cream, milk, or custard, sweetened, flavored, and frozen. -- Ice field, an extensive sheet of ice. -- Ice float, Ice floe, a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice field, but smaller. -- Ice foot, shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. Kane. -- Ice house, a close-covered pit or building for storing ice. -- Ice machine (Physics), a machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid. -- Ice master. See Ice pilot (below). -- Ice pack, an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice. -- Ice paper, a transparent film of gelatin for copying or reproducing; papier glac\'82. -- Ice petrel (Zo\'94l.), a shearwater (Puffinus gelidus) of the Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice. -- Ice pick, a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces. -- Ice pilot, a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also ice master. -- Ice pitcher, a pitcher adapted for ice water. -- Ice plow, a large tool for grooving and cutting ice. <-- ice sculpture = a sculpture carved from a block of ice, often used for decorating restaurants. ice show an entertainment consisting of ice skaters performing figure-skating on a sheet of ice, usually in an arena, often accompanied by music. --> -- Ice sludge, bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge. -- Ice spar (Min.), a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are very clear like ice; rhyacolite. -- Ice tongs, large iron nippers for handling ice. -- Ice water. (a) Water cooled by ice. (b) Water formed by the melting of ice. -- Ice yacht. See Ice boat (above). -- To break the ice. See under Break. -- Water ice, a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored, and frozen.<-- also called Italian ice --> Ice Ice (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Icing (?).] 1. To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice. 2. To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc. 3. To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze. Iceberg Ice"berg` (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. iisbierg, Sw. isberg, properly, a mountain of ice. See Ice, and Berg.] A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean. NOTE: &hand; Ic ebergs ar e la rge de tached po rtions of glaciers, which in cold regions often project into the sea. Icebird Ice"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Arctic sea bird, as the Arctic fulmar. Icebound Ice"bound` (?), a. Totally surrounded with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing; as, an icebound vessel; also, surrounded by or fringed with ice so as to hinder easy access; as, an icebound coast. Ice-built Ice"-built` (?), a. 1. Composed of ice. 2. Loaded with ice. "Ice-built mountains." Gray. Iced Iced (?), a. 1. Covered with ice; chilled with ice; as, iced water. 2. Covered with something resembling ice, as sugar icing; frosted; as, iced cake. Iced cream. Same as Ice cream, under Ice. Icefall Ice"fall` (?), n. A frozen waterfall, or mass of ice resembling a frozen waterfall. Coleridge. Icelander Ice"land*er (?), n. A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland. Icelandic Ice*lan"dic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iceland; relating to, or resembling, the Icelanders. Icelandic Ice*lan"dic (?), n. The language of the Icelanders. It is one of the Scandinavian group, and is more nearly allied to the Old Norse than any other language now spoken. Iceland moss Ice"land moss` (?). (Bot.) A kind of lichen (Cetraria Icelandica) found from the Arctic regions to the North Temperate zone. It furnishes a nutritious jelly and other forms of food, and is used in pulmonary complaints as a demulcent. Iceland spar Ice"land spar` (?). (Min.) A transparent variety of calcite, the best of which is obtained in Iceland. It is used for the prisms of the polariscope, because of its strong double refraction. Cf. Calcite. Iceman Ice"man (?), n.; pl. Icemen (. 1. A man who is skilled in traveling upon ice, as among glaciers. 2. One who deals in ice; one who retails or delivers ice. <-- The Iceman Cometh (Title of a book) --> Ice plant Ice" plant` (?). (Bot.) A plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), sprinkled with pellucid, watery vesicles, which glisten like ice. It is native along the Mediterranean, in the Canaries, and in South Africa. Its juice is said to be demulcent and diuretic; its ashes are used in Spain in making glass. <-- Ice skate = a shoe with a metal runner (called a blade) attached to permit the wearer to glide on ice --> Ice-skater = one who skates on ice wearing an ice skate; esp. an athlete who performs athletic or artistic movements on a sheet of ice, wearing ice skates; including speed skater and figure skater --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 724 Icequake Ice"quake` (?), n. The crash or concussion attending the breaking up of masses of ice, -- often due to contraction from extreme cold. Ich Ich (?), pron. I. [Obs.] Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; In th e Southern dialect of Early English this is the regular form. Cf. Ik. Ichneumon Ich*neu"mon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Herpestes, and family Viverrid\'91. Numerous species are found in Asia and Africa. The Egyptian species(H. ichneumon), which ranges to Spain and Palestine, is noted for destroying the eggs and young of the crocodile as well as various snakes and lizards, and hence was considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians. The common species of India (H. griseus), known as the mongoose, has similar habits and is often domesticated. It is noted for killing the cobra. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any hymenopterous insect of the family Ichneumonid\'91, of which several thousand species are known, belonging to numerous genera. NOTE: &hand; Th e fe male deposits her eggs upon, or in, the bodies of other insects, such as caterpillars, plant lice, etc. The larva lives upon the internal tissues of the insect in which it is parasitic, and finally kills it. Hence, many of the species are beneficial to agriculture by destroying noxious insects. Ichneumon fly. See Ichneumon, 2. Ichneumonidan Ich`neu*mon"i*dan (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ichneumonid\'91, or ichneumon flies. -- n. One of the Ichneumonid\'91. Ichneumonides Ich`neu*mon"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichneumon.] (Zo\'94l.) The ichneumon flies. Ichnite Ich"nite (?), n. [Gr. A fossil footprint; as, the ichnites in the Triassic sandstone. Page. Ichnographic, Ichnographical Ich`no*graph"ic (?), Ich`no*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ichonographique.] Of or pertaining to ichonography; describing a ground plot. Ichnography Ich*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. ichonographie.] (Drawing) A horizontal section of a building or other object, showing its true dimensions according to a geometric scale; a ground plan; a map; also, the art of making such plans. Ichnolite Ich"no*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] A fossil footprint; an ichnite. Ichnolithology Ich`no*li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -lith + -logy.] Same as Ichnology. Hitchcock. Ichnological Ich`no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ichnology. Ichnology Ich*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.) The branch of science which treats of fossil footprints. Ichnoscopy Ich*nos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] The search for the traces of anything. [R.] Ichor I"chor (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ichor.] 1. (Class. Myth.) An ethereal fluid that supplied the place of blood in the veins of the gods. 2. A thin, acrid, watery discharge from an ulcer, wound, etc. Ichorh\'91mia I`chor*h\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Infection of the blood with ichorous or putrid substances. Ichorous I"chor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. ichoreux.] Of or like ichor; thin; watery; serous; sanious. Ichthidin Ich"thi*din (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance from the egg yolk of osseous fishes. Ichthin Ich"thin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance resembling vitellin, present in the egg yolk of cartilaginous fishes. Ichthulin Ich"thu*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance from the yolk of salmon's egg. Ichthus Ich"thus (?), n. [Gr. In early Christian and eccesiastical art, an emblematic fish, or the Greek word for fish, which combined the initials of the Greek words Ichthyic Ich"thy*ic (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, fishes. Ichthyocol, Ichthyocolla Ich"thy*o*col (?), Ich`thy*o*col"la (?), n. [L. ichthyocolla, Gr. ichthyocolle.] Fish glue; isinglass; a glue prepared from the sounds of certain fishes. Ichthyocoprolite Ich`thy*o*cop"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. coprolite.] (Geol.) Fossil dung of fishes. Ichthyodorulite Ich`thy*o*dor"u*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the spiny plates foundon the back and tail of certain skates. Ichthyography Ich`thy*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. graphy: cf. F. ichthyographie.] A treatise on fishes. Ichthyoid, Ichthyoidal Ich"thy*oid (?), Ich`thy*oid"al (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Somewhat like a fish; having some of the characteristics of fishes; -- said of some amphibians. Ichthyolatry Ich`thy*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. Worship of fishes, or of fish-shaped idols. Layard. Ichthyolite Ich"thy*o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil fish, or fragment of a fish. Ichthyologic, Ichthyological Ich`thy*o*log"ic (?), Ich`thy*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ichthyologique.] Of or pertaining to ichthyology. Ichthyologist Ich`thy*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. ichthyologiste.] One versed in, or who studies, ichthyology. Ichthyology Ich`thy*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ichthyologie.] The natural history of fishes; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to fishes, including their structure, classification, and habits. Ichthyomancy Ich"thy*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. ichthyomancie.] Divination by the heads or the entrails of fishes. Ichthyomorpha Ich`thy*o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Urodela. Ichthyomorphic, Ichthyomorphous Ich`thy*o*mor"phic (?), Ich`thy*o*mor"phous (?), a. [See Ichthyomorpha.] Fish-shaped; as, the ichthyomorphic idols of ancient Assyria. Ichthyophagist Ich`thy*oph"a*gist (?), n. [See Ichthyophagous.] One who eats, or subsists on, fish. Ichthyophagous Ich`thy*oph"a*gous (?), a. [L. ichthyophagus, Gr. Eating, or subsisting on, fish. Ichthyohagy Ich`thy*oh"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. ichthyophagie.] The practice of eating, or living upon, fish. Ichthyophthalmite Ich`thy*oph*thal"mite (?), n. [Gr. See Apophyllite. [R.] Ichthyophthira Ich`thy*oph*thi"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of copepod crustaceans, including numerous species parasitic on fishes. Ichthyopsida Ich`thy*op"si*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A grand division of the Vertebrata, including the Amphibia and Fishes. Ichthyopterygia Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichthyopterygium.] (Paleon.) See Ichthyosauria. Ichthyopterygium Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The typical limb, or lateral fin, of fishes. Ichthyornis Ich`thy*or"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of toothed birds found in the American Cretaceous formation. It is remarkable for having biconcave vertebr\'91, and sharp, conical teeth set in sockets. Its wings were well developed. It is the type of the order Odontotorm\'91. Ichthyosaur Ich"thy*o*saur (?), n. [Cf. F. ichthyosaure.] (Paleon.) One of the Ichthyosaura. Ichthyosauria Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichthyosaurus.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurus and allied forms; -- called also Ichthyopterygia. They have not been found later than the Cretaceous period. Ichthyosaurian Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ichthyosauria. -- n. One of the Ichthyosauria. Ichthyosaurus Ich`thy*o*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Ichthyosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + say^ros a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of marine reptiles; -- so named from their short, biconcave vertebr\'91, resembling those of fishes. Several species, varying in length from ten to thirty feet, are known from the Liassic, O\'94litic, and Cretaceous formations. Ichthyosis Ich`thy*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease in which the skin is thick, rough, and scaly; -- called also fishskin. -- Ich`thy*ot"ic (#), a. Ichthyotomist Ich`thy*ot"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in ichthyotomy. Ichthyoomy Ich`thy*o"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The anatomy or dissection of fishes. [R.] Ichthys Ich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Ichthus. Icicle I"ci*cle (?), n. [OE. isikel, AS. \'c6sgicel; \'c6s ice + gicel icicle; akin to Icel. j\'94kull; cf. Gael. eigh ice, Ir. aigh.] A pendent, and usually conical, mass of ice, formed by freezing of dripping water; as, the icicles on the eaves of a house. Icicled I"ci*cled (?), a. Having icicles attached. Icily I"ci*ly (?), adv. In an icy manner; coldly. Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection, no more. Tennyson. Iciness I"ci*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being icy or very cold; frigidity. Icing I"cing (?), n. A coating or covering resembling ice, as of sugar and milk or white of egg; frosting. Ickle Ic"kle (?), n. [OE. ikil. See Icicle.] An icicle. [Prov. Eng.] Icon I"con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. An image or representation; a portrait or pretended portrait. Netherlands whose names and icons are published. Hakewill. Iconical I*con"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, images, pictures, or representations of any kind. Iconism I"con*ism (?), n. [L. iconismus, Gr. iconisme.] The formation of a figure, representation, or semblance; a delineation or description. Some kind of apish imitations, counterfeit iconisms. Cudworth. Iconize I"con*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. To form an image or likeness of. [R.] Cudworth. Iconoclasm I*con"o*clasm (?), n. [Cf. F. iconoclasme. See Iconoclast.] The doctrine or practice of the iconoclasts; image breaking. Iconoclast I*con"o*clast (?), n. [Gr. iconoclaste.] 1. A breaker or destroyer of images or idols; a determined enemy of idol worship. 2. One who exposes or destroys impositions or shams; one who attacks cherished beliefs; a radical. Iconoclastic I*con`o*clas"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iconoclasts, or to image breaking. Milman. Iconodule, Iconodulist I*con"o*dule (?), I*con"o*du`list (?), n. [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.) One who serves images; -- opposed to an iconoclast. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. Iconographer I`co*nog"ra*pher (?), n. A maker of images. Fairholt. Iconographic I*con`o*graph"ic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to iconography. 2. Representing by means of pictures or diagrams; as, an icongraphic encyclop\'91dia. Iconography I`co*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. iconographie.] 1. The art or representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; as, the iconography of the ancients. 2. The study of representative art in general. Christian iconography, the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc. Iconolater I`co*nol"a*ter (?), n. [Gr. iconol\'83tre.] One who worships images. Iconolatry I`co*nol"a*try (?), n. [See Iconolater.] The worship of images as symbols; -- distinguished from idolatry, the worship of images themselves. Iconology I`co*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. iconologie.] The discussion or description of portraiture or of representative images. Cf. Iconography. Iconomachy I`co*nom"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. Hostility to images as objects of worship. [R.] Iconomical I`co*nom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Opposed to pictures or images as objects of worship. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Iconophilist I`co*noph"i*list (?), n. [Gr. A student, or lover of the study, of iconography. Icosahedral I`co*sa*he"dral (?), a. [See Icosahedron.] (Geom.) Having twenty equal sides or faces. Icosahedron I`co*sa*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. (Geom.) A solid bounded by twenty sides or faces. Regular icosahedron, one of the five regular polyhedrons, bounded by twenty equilateral triangules. Five triangules meet to form each solid angle of the polyhedron. Icosandria I`co*san"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. icosandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants, having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx. Icosandrian, Icosandrous I`co*san"dri*an (?), I`co*san"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to the class Icosandria; having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx. Icositetrahedron I`co*si*tet`ra*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. (Crystallog.) A twenty-four-sided solid; a tetragonal trisoctahedron or trapezohedron. -ics -ics (?). A suffix used in forming the names of certain sciences, systems, etc., as acoustics, mathematics, dynamics, statistics, politics, athletics. NOTE: &hand; Th e na mes sc iences en ding in ics, as mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc., are, with respect to their form, nouns in the plural number. The plural form was probably introduced to mark the complex nature of such sciences; and it may have been in imitation of the use of the Greek plurals ics were construed with a verb or a pronoun in the plural; but it is now generally considered preferable to treat them as singular. In Greman we have die Mathematik, die Mechanik, etc., and in French la metaphysique, la optique, etc., corresponding to our mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc. Mathematics have for their object the consideration of whatever is capable of being numbered or measured. John Davidson. The citations subjoined will serve as examples of the best present usage. Ethics is the sciences of the laws which govern our actions as moral agents. Sir W. Hamilton. All parts of knowledge have their origin in metaphysics, and finally, perhaps, revolve into it. De Quincey. Mechanics, like pure mathematics, may be geometrical, or may be analytical; that is, it may treat space either by a direct consideration of its properties, or by a symbolical representation. Whewell. _________________________________________________________________ Page 725 Icteric Ic*ter"ic (?), n. A remedy for the jaundice. Icteric, Icterical Ic*ter"ic (?), Ic*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. ictericus, Gr. ict\'82rique.] 1. Pertaining to, or affected with, jaundice. 2. Good against the jaundice. Johnson. Icteritious, Icteritous Ic`ter*i"tious (?), Ic*ter"i*tous (?), a. Yellow; of the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice. Icteroid Ic"ter*oid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Of a tint resembling that produced by jaundice; yellow; as, an icteroid tint or complexion. Icterus Ic"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Icteric, a.] (Med.) The jaundice. Ictic Ic"tic (?), a. [L. ictus blow.] Pertaining to, or caused by, a blow; sudden; abrupt. [R.] H. Bushnell. Ictus Ic"tus (?), n. [L., fr. icere, ictum, to strike.] 1. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf. Arsis. 2. (Med.) A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc. Icy I"cy (?), a. [Compar. Icier (?); superl. Iciest.] [AS. \'c6sig. See Ice.] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty. "Icy chains." Shak. "Icy region." Boyle. "Icy seas." Pope. 2. Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.; chilling; frigid; cold. Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these demonstrations of affection. Motley. Icy-pearled I"cy-pearl`ed (?), a. Spangled with ice. Mounting up in icy-pearled car. Milton. I'd I'd (?). A contraction from I would or I had. Id Id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Leuciscus idus or Idus idus) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish, is called orfe in Germany. Idalian I*da"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Idalium, a mountain city in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred. "Idalian Aphrodit\'82." Tennyson. Ide Ide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Id. -ide -ide (?). (Chem.) A suffix used to denote: (a) The nonmetallic, or negative, element or radical in a binary compound; as, oxide, sulphide, chloride. (b) A compound which is an anhydride; as, glycolide, phthalide. (c) Any one of a series of derivatives; as, indogenide, glucoside, etc. Idea I*de"a (?), n.; pl. Ideas (#). [L. idea, Gr. wit: cf. F. id\'82e. See Wit.] 1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual. Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts. Fairfax. Being the right idea of your father Both in your form and nobleness of mind. Shak. This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its idea. P. Browne. 2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization. Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was. L. Caroll. 3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of. Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea. Locke. 4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of development. That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong one. Johnson. What is now "idea" for us? How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly-created world, - "how it showed . . . Answering his great idea," - to its present use, when this person "has an idea that the train has started," and the other "had no idea that the dinner would be so bad!" Trench. 5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design. I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of undertaking while there the translation of the work. W. Irving. 6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract. 7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity. Thence to behold this new-created world, The addition of his empire, how it showed In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, Answering his great idea. Milton. NOTE: &hand; "I n England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic." Sir W. Hamilton. Abstract idea, Association of ideas, etc. See under Abstract, Association, etc. Syn. -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word idea, in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought. Ideal I*de"al (?), a. [L. idealis: cf. F. id\'82al.] 1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; as, ideal knowledge. 2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; as, ideal beauty. Byron. There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence. Rambler. 3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal. "Planning ideal common wealth." Southey. 4. Teaching the doctrine of idealism; as, the ideal theory or philosophy. 5. (Math.) Imaginary. Syn. -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal; impracticable; utopian. Ideal I*de"al (?), n. A mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a model of excellence, beauty, etc. The ideal is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is the ideal of the beauty and proportion of the human frame. Fleming. Beau ideal. See Beau ideal. Idealess I*de"a*less (?), a. Destitute of an idea. Idealism I*de"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. id\'82alisme.] 1. The quality or state of being ideal. 2. Conception of the ideal; imagery. 3. (Philos.) The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations. Idealist I*de"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. id\'82aliste.] 1. One who idealizes; one who forms picturesque fancies; one given to romantic expectations. 2. One who holds the doctrine of idealism. Idealistic I*de`al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to idealists or their theories. Ideality I`de*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Idealities (. 1. The quality or state of being ideal. 2. The capacity to form ideals of beauty or perfection. 3. (Phren.) The conceptive faculty. Idealization I*de`al*i*za"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of idealizing. 2. (Fine Arts) The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal. Idealize I*de"al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idealized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idealizing (?).] 1. To make ideal; to give an ideal form or value to; to attribute ideal characteristics and excellences to; as, to idealize real life. 2. (Fine Arts) To treat in an ideal manner. See Idealization, 2. Idealize I*de"al*ize, v. i. [Cf. F. id\'82aliser.] To form ideals. Idealizer I*de"al*i`zer (?), n. An idealist. Ideally I*de"al*ly, adv. In an ideal manner; by means of ideals; mentally. Idealogic I*de`a*log"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an idealogue, or to idealization. Idealogue I*de"a*logue (?), n. [Idea + -logue, as in theologue: cf. F. id\'82ologue.] One given to fanciful ideas or theories; a theorist; a spectator. [R.] Mrs. Browning. Ideat, Ideate I*de"at (?), I*de"ate (?), n. [LL. ideatum. See Idea.] (Metaph.) The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence. Ideate I*de"ate (?), v. t. 1. To form in idea; to fancy. [R.] The ideated man . . . as he stood in the intellect of God. Sir T. Browne. 2. To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to memorize. [R.] Ideation I`de*a"tion (?), n. The faculty or capacity of the mind for forming ideas; the exercise of this capacity; the act of the mind by which objects of sense are apprehended and retained as objects of thought. The whole mass of residua which have been accumulated . . . all enter now into the process of ideation. J. D. Morell. Ideational I`de*a"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, ideation. Certain sensational or ideational stimuli. Blackw. Mag. Idem I"dem (?), pron. OR adj. [L.] The same; the same as above; -- often abbreviated id. Identic I*den"tic (?), a. Identical. [Obs.] Hudibras. Identical I*den"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. identique. See Identity.] 1. The same; the selfsame; the very same; not different; as, the identical person or thing. I can not remember a thing that happened a year ago, without a conviction . . . that I, the same identical person who now remember that event, did then exist. Reid. 2. Uttering sameness or the same truth; expressing in the predicate what is given, or obviously implied, in the subject; tautological. When you say body is solid, I say that you make an identical proposition, because it is impossible to have the idea of body without that of solidity. Fleming. Identical equation (Alg.), an equation which is true for all values of the algebraic symbols which enter into it. Identically I*den"tic*al*ly, adv. In an identical manner; with respect to identity. "Identically the same." Bp. Warburton. "Identically different." Ross. Identicalness I*den"tic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being identical; sameness. Identifiable I*den"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being identified. Identification I*den`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. identification.] The act of identifying, or proving to be the same; also, the state of being identified. Identify I*den"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Identified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Identifying (?).] [Cf. F. identifier. See Identity, and -fy.] 1. To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one; to treat as being one or having the same purpose or effect; to consider as the same in any relation. Every precaution is taken to identify the interests of the people and of the rulers. D. Ramsay. Let us identify, let us incorporate ourselves with the people. Burke. 2. To establish the identity of; to prove to be the same with something described, claimed, or asserted; as, to identify stolen property. Identify I*den"ti*fy (?), v. i. To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc. [Obs. or R.] An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public. Burke. Identism I*den"tism (?), n. [See Identity.] (Metaph.) The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called also the system OR doctrine of identity. Identity I*den"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Identities (#). [F. identit\'82, LL. identitas, fr. L. idem the same, from the root of is he, that; cf. Skr. idam this. Cf. Item.] 1. The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness. Identity is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between things themselves. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. The condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; as, to establish the identity of stolen goods. 3. (Math.) An identical equation. Ideo- I"de*o- (?). A combining form from the Gr. idea. Ideogenical I`de*o*gen"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to ideology. Ideogeny I`de*og"e*ny (?), n. [Ideo- + -geny, from the same root as Gr. id\'82og\'82nie.] The science which treats of the origin of ideas. Ideogram I*de"o*gram (?), n. [Ideo- + -gram; cf. F. id\'82ograme.] 1. An original, pictorial element of writing; a kind of hieroglyph expressing no sound, but only an idea. Ideograms may be defined to be pictures intended to represent either things or thoughts. I. Taylor (The Alphabet). You might even have a history without language written or spoken, by means of ideograms and gesture. J. Peile. 2. A symbol used for convenience, or for abbreviation; as, 1, 2, 3, +, -, 3. A phonetic symbol; a letter. Ideograph I*de"o*graph (?), n. Same as Ideogram. Ideographic, Ideographical I`de*o*graph"ic (?), I`de*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. id\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to an ideogram; representing ideas by symbols, independently of sounds; as, 9 represents not the word "nine," but the idea of the number itself. -- I`de*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Ideographics I`de*o*graph"ics (?), n. The system of writing in ideographic characters; also, anything so written. Ideography I`de*og"ra*phy (?), n. The representation of ideas independently of sounds, or in an ideographic manner, as sometimes is done in shorthand writing, etc. Ideological I`de*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. id\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to ideology. Ideologist I`de*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of ideas; one who theorizes or idealizes; one versed in the science of ideas, or who advocates the doctrines of ideology. <-- idealogue n. one who adheres to an ideology --> Ideology I`de*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ideo- + -logy: cf. F. id\'82ologie.] 1. The science of ideas. Stewart. 2. (Metaph.) A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensation. NOTE: &hand; By a do uble bl under in ph ilosophy an d Gr eek, id\'82ologie . . . has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from sensation. Sir W. Hamilton. <-- a set of theories and beliefs about sociopolitical goals and methods to attain them; in common usage, such a set of beliefs so strongly held by their adherents as to cause them to ignore evidence against such beliefs, and thus fall into error -- hence a negative trait; contrasted to pragmatism, and distinct from idealism --> Ideo-motion I`de*o-mo"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) An ideo-motor movement. Ideo-motor I`de*o-mo"tor (?), a. [Ideo- + motor.] (Physiol.) Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence. Carpenter. Ides Ides (?), n. pl. [L. idus: cf. F. ides.] (Anc. Rom. Calendar) The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months. The ides of March remember. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ei ght days in each month often pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the others being called respectively the day before the ides, and so on, backward, to the eightth from the ides. Idio- Id"i*o- (?). A combining form from the Greek private, personal, peculiar, distinct. Idioblast Id"i*o*blast (?), n. [Ideo- + -blast.] (Bot.) An individual cell, differing greatly from its neighbours in regard to size, structure, or contents. Idiocrasis Id`i*o*cra"sis (?), n. [NL.] Idiocracy. Idiocracy Id`i*oc"ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Idiocrasies (#). [Idio- + Gr. idiocrasie.] Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of constitution, which is peculiar to a person; idiosyncrasy. Idiocratic, Idiocratical Id`i*o*crat"ic (?), Id`i*o*crat"ic*al (?), a. Peculiar in constitution or temperament; idiosyncratic. Idiocy Id"i*o*cy (?), n. [From idiot; cf. Gr. Idiot, and cf. Idiotcy.] The condition or quality of being an idiot; absence, or marked deficiency, of sense and intelligence. I will undertake to convict a man of idiocy, if he can not see the proof that three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles. F. W. Robertson. Idiocyclophanous Id`i*o*cy*cloph"a*nous (?), a. [Idio- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Same as Idiophanous. Idioelectric Id`i*o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Idio- + electric: cf. F. idio\'82lectrique.] (Physics) Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to anelectric. -- n. An idioelectric substance. Idiograph Id"i*o*graph (?), n. [Gr. A mark or signature peculiar to an individual; a trade-mark. _________________________________________________________________ Page 726 Idiographic, Idiographical Id`i*o*graph"ic (?), Id`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an idiograph. Idiolatry Id`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Idio- + Gr. Self-worship; excessive self-esteem. Idiom Id"i*om (?), n. [F. idiome, L. idioma, fr. Gr. suus, and to E. so.] 1. The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the genius or cast of a language. Idiom may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the totality of the general rules of construction which characterize the syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from other tongues. G. P. Marsh. By idiom is meant the use of words which is peculiar to a particular language. J. H. Newman. He followed their language [the Latin], but did not comply with the idiom of ours. Dryden. 2. An expression conforming or appropriate to the peculiar structural form of a language; in extend use, an expression sanctioned by usage, having a sense peculiar to itself and not agreeing with the logical sense of its structural form; also, the phrase forms peculiar to a particular author. Some that with care true eloquence shall teach, And to just idioms fix our doubtful speech. Prior. Sometimes we identify the words with the object -- though be courtesy of idiom rather than in strict propriety of language. Coleridge. Every good writer has much idiom. Landor. It is not by means of rules that such idioms as the following are made current: "I can make nothing of it." "He treats his subject home." Dryden. "It is that within us that makes for righteousness." M.Arnold. Gostwick (Eng. Gram. ) 3. Dialect; a variant form of a language. Syn. -- Dialect. -- Idiom, Dialect. The idioms of a language belong to its very structure; its dialects are varieties of expression ingrafted upon it in different localities or by different professions. Each county of England has some peculiarities of dialect, and so have most of the professions, while the great idioms of the language are everywhere the same. See Language. Idiomatic, Idiomatical Id`i*o*mat"ic (?), Id`i*o*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; as, an idiomatic meaning; an idiomatic phrase. -- Id`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. Idiomorphic Id`i*o*morph"ic (?), a. Idiomorphous. Idiomorphous Id`i*o*morph"ous (?), a. [Gr. 1. Having a form of its own. 2. (Crystallog.) Apperaing in distinct crystals; -- said of the mineral constituents of a rock. Idiomuscular Id`i*o*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Idio- + muscular.] (Physiol.) Applied to a semipermanent contraction of a muscle, produced by a mechanical irritant. Idiopathetic Id`i*o*pa*thet"ic (?), a. Idiopathic. [R.] Idiopathic, Idiopathical Id`i*o*path"ic (?), Id`i*o*path"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. idiopathique.] (Med.) Pertaining to idiopathy; characterizing a disease arising primarily, and not in consequence of some other disease or injury; -- opposed to symptomatic, sympathetic, and traumatic. -- Id`i*o*path"ic*al*ly, adv. Idiopathy Id`i*op"a*thy (?), n.; pl. Idiopathies (#). [Gr. idiopathie.] 1. A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection. All men are so full of their own fancies and idiopathies, that they scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger. Dr. H. More. 2. (Med.) A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasioned by any other disease; a primary disease. Idiophanous Id`i*oph"a*nous (?), a. [Idio- + (Crystallog.) Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a polariscope, as certain crystals. Idioplasm Id"i*o*plasm (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Idioplasma. Idioplasma Id`i*o*plas"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is termed nutritive plasma. See Hygroplasm. <-- any modern equivalent? The chromosome/ Genome? --> Idiorepulsive Id`i*o*re*pul"sive (?), a. [Idio- + repulsive.] Repulsive by itself; as, the idiorepulsive power of heat. Idiosyncrasy Id`i*o*syn"cra*sy (?), n.; pl. Idiosyncrasies (#). [Gr. idiosyncrasie. See Idiom, and Crasis.] A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity. The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the idiosyncrasies of the body. I. Taylor. Idiosyncratic, Idiosyncratical Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic (?), Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic*al (?), a. Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar and individual character. Idiot Id"i*ot (?), n. [F. idiot, L. idiota an uneducated, ignorant, ill-informed person, Gr. Idiom.] 1. A man in private station, as distinguished from one holding a public office. [Obs.] St. Austin affirmed that the plain places of Scripture are sufficient to all laics, and all idiots or private persons. Jer. Taylor. 2. An unlearned, ignorant, or simple person, as distinguished from the educated; an ignoramus. [Obs.] Christ was received of idiots, of the vulgar people, and of the simpler sort, while he was rejected, despised, and persecuted even to death by the high priests, lawyers, scribes, doctors, and rabbis. C. Blount. 3. A human being destitute of the ordinary intellectual powers, whether congenital, developmental, or accidental; commonly, a person without understanding from birth; a natural fool; a natural; an innocent. Life . . . is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. Shak. 4. A fool; a simpleton; -- a term of reproach. Weenest thou make an idiot of our dame? Chaucer. Idiotcy Id"i*ot*cy (?), n. [Cf. Idiocy.] Idiocy. [R.] Idioted Id"i*ot*ed (?), a. Rendered idiotic; befooled. [R.] Tennyson. Idiothermic Id`i*o*ther"mic (?), a. [Idio- + thermic.] Self-heating; warmed, as the body of animal, by process going on within itself. Idiotic, Idiotical Id`i*ot"ic (?), Id`i*ot"ic*al (?), a. [L. idioticus ignorant, Gr. idiotique. See Idiot.] 1. Common; simple. [Obs.] Blackwall. 2. Pertaining to, or like, an idiot; characterized by idiocy; foolish; fatuous; as, an idiotic person, speech, laugh, or action. Idiotically Id`i*ot"ic*al*ly, adv. In a idiotic manner. Idioticon Id`i*ot"i*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Idiot.] A dictionary of a peculiar dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary. Idiotish Id"i*ot*ish (?), a. Like an idiot; foolish. Idiotism Id"i*ot*ism (?), n. [F. idiotisme, L. idiotismus the way of fashion of a private person, the common or vulgar manner of speaking, Gr. Idiot.] 1. An idiom; a form, mode of expression, or signification, peculiar to a language. Scholars sometimes give terminations and idiotisms, suitable to their native language, unto words newly invented. M. Hale. 2. Lack of knowledge or mental capacity; idiocy; foolishness. Worse than mere ignorance or idiotism. Shaftesbury. The running that adventure is the greatist idiotism. Hammond. Idiotize Id"i*ot*ize (?), v. i. To become stupid. [R.] Idiotry Id"i*ot*ry (?), n. Idiocy. [R.] Bp. Warburton. Idle I"dle (?), a. [Compar. Idler (?); superl. Idlest.] [OE. idel, AS. \'c6del vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. \'c6dal, D. ijdel, OHG. \'c6tal vain, empty, mere, G. eitel, Dan. & Sw. idel mere, pure, and prob. to Gr. Ether.] 1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren. "Deserts idle." Shak. Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. Matt. xii. 36. Down their idle weapons dropped. Milton. This idle story became important. Macaulay. 2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; as, idle hours. The idle spear and shield were high uphing. Milton. 3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; as, idle workmen. Why stand ye here all the day idle? Matt. xx. 6. 4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; as, an idle fellow. 5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.] Ford. Idle pulley (Mach.), a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power. -- Idle wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution. -- In idle, in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God in idle." Chaucer. Syn. -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant. -- Idle, Indolent, Lazy. A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more contemptuous term than indolent. Idle I"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idling (?).] To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business. Shak. Idle I"dle, v. t. To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed by away; as, to idle away an hour a day. Idle-headed I"dle-head`ed (?), a. 1. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] "The superstitious idle-headed eld." Shak. 2. Delirious; infatuated. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Idleness I"dle*ness, n. [AS. \'c6delnes.] The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity; laziness. Syn. -- Inaction; indolence; sluggishness; sloth. Idle-pated I"dle-pat`ed (?), a. Idle-headed; stupid. [Obs.] Idler I"dler (?), n. 1. One who idles; one who spends his time in inaction; a lazy person; a sluggard. 2. (Naut.) One who has constant day duties on board ship, and keeps no regular watch. Totten. 3. (Mach.) An idle wheel or pulley. See under Idle. Idless, Idlesse I"dless, I"dlesse (?), n. Idleness. [Archaic] "In ydlesse." Spenser. And an idlesse all the day Beside a wandering stream. Mrs. Browning. Idly I"dly (?), adv. In a idle manner; ineffectually; vainly; lazily; carelessly; (Obs.) foolishly. Idocrase Id"o*crase (?), n. [Gr. idocrase.] (Min.) Same as Vesuvianite. Idol I"dol (?), n. [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. Wit, and cf. Eidolon.] 1. An image or representation of anything. [Obs.] Do her adore with sacred reverence, As th' idol of her maker's great magnificence. Spenser. 2. An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a similitude of a false god. That they should not worship devils, and idols of gold. Rev. ix. 20. 3. That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set; an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or adored. The soldier's god and people's idol. Denham. 4. A false notion or conception; a fallacy. Bacon. The idols of preconceived opinion. Coleridge. Idolastre I`do*las"tre (?), n. [OE., for idolatre.] An idolater. [Obs.] Chaucer. Idolater I*dol"a*ter (?), n. [F. idol\'83tre: cf. L. idololatres, Gr. Idolatry.] 1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of anything made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan. 2. An adorer; a great admirer. Jonson was an idolater of the ancients. Bp. Hurd. Idolatress I*dol"a*tress (?), n. A female worshiper of idols. Idolatrical I`do*lat"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. idol\'83trique.] Idolatrous. [Obs.] Idolatrize I*dol"a*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idolatrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idolatrizing (?).] To worship idols; to pay idolatrous worship. Idolatrize I*dol"a*trize, v. t. To make in idol of; to idolize. Idolatrous I*dol"a*trous (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry; given to idolatry or the worship of false gods; as, idolatrous sacrifices. [Josiah] put down the idolatrous priests. 2 Kings xxiii. 5. 2. Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence; as, an idolatrous veneration for antiquity. Idolatrously I*dol"a*trous*ly, adv. In a idolatrous manner. Idolatry I*dol"a*try (?), n.; pl. Idolatries (#). [F. idol\'83trie, LL. idolatria, L. idololatria, Fr. Gr. 1. The worship of idols, images, or anything which is not God; the worship of false gods. His eye surveyed the dark idolatries Of alienated Judah. Milton. 2. Excessive attachment or veneration for anything; respect or love which borders on adoration. Shak. Idolish I"dol*ish (?), a. Idolatrous. [Obs.] Milton. Idolism I"dol*ism (?), n. The worship of idols. [Obs.] Idolist I"dol*ist, n. A worshiper of idols. [Obs.] Milton. Idolize I"dol*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idolizing (?).] 1. To make an idol of; to pay idolatrous worship to; as, to idolize the sacred bull in Egypt. 2. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to idolize gold, children, a hero. Idolize I"dol*ize, v. i. To practice idolatry. [R.] To idolize after the manner of Egypt. Fairbairn. Idolizer I"dol*i`zer (?), n. One who idolizes or loves to the point of reverence; an idolater. Idoloclast I*dol"o*clast (?), n. [Gr. A breaker of idols; an iconoclast. Idolographical I*dol`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Idol + -graph.] Descriptive of idols. [R.] Southey. Idolous I"dol*ous (?), a. Idolatrous. [Obs.] Bale. Idoneous I*do"ne*ous (?), a. [L. idoneus.] Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate. [R.] An ecclesiastical benefice . . . ought to be conferred on an idoneous person. Ayliffe. Idorgan Id*or"gan (?), n. [Gr. organ.] (Biol.) A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in distinction from the physiological organ or biorgan. See Morphon. Idrialine, Idrialite Id"ri*a*line (?), Id"ri*a*lite (?), n. [Cf. F. idrialine.] (Min.) A bituminous substance obtained from the mercury mines of Idria, where it occurs mixed with cinnabar. Idumean Id`u*me"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Idumea, or Edom, in Western Asia. -- n. An inhabitant of Idumea, an Edomite. Idyl I"dyl (?), n. [L. idyllium, Gr. idylle. See Idol.] A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; as, the idyls of Theocritus; also, any poem, especially a narrative or descriptive poem, written in an eleveted and highly finished style; also, by extension, any artless and easily flowing description, either in poetry or prose, of simple, rustic life, of pastoral scenes, and the like. [Written also idyll.] Wordsworth's solemn-thoughted idyl. Mrs. Browning. His [Goldsmith's] lovely idyl of the Vicar's home. F. Harrison. Idyllic I*dyl"lic (?), a. Of or belonging to idyls. I. e. I. e. Abbreviation of Latin id est, that is. If If (?), conj. [OE. if, gif, AS. gif; akin to OFries. ief, gef, ef, OS. ef, of, D. of, or, whether, if, G. ob whether, if, OHG. oba, ibu, Icel. ef, Goth. iba, ibai, an interrogative particle; properly a case form of a noun meaning, doubt (cf. OHG. iba doubt, condition, Icel. if, ef, ifi, efi), and therefore orig. meaning, on condition that.] 1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition. Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer, Assist, if \'d1dipus deserve thy care. Pope. If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matt. iv. 3. 2. Whether; -- in dependent questions. Uncertain if by augury or chance. Dryden. She doubts if two and two make four. Prior. As if, But if. See under As, But. I' faith I' faith" (?). In faith; indeed; truly. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 727 Ifere I*fere" (?), a. [Corrupted fr. in fere.] Together. [Obs.] Chaucer. Igasuric Ig`a*su"ric (?), a. [See Igasurine.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, nux vomica or St. Ignatius's bean; as, igasuric acid. Igasurine Ig`a*su"rine (?), n. [Malay igasura the nux vomica.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in nux vomica, and extracted as a white crystalline substance. Igloo Ig"loo (?), n. 1. An Eskimo snow house. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice. Ignatius bean Ig*na"tius bean` (?). (Bot.) See Saint Ignatius's bean, under Saint. Igneous Ig"ne*ous (?), a. [L. igneus, fr. ignis fire; allied to Skr. agni, Lith. ugnis, OSlav. ogne.] 1. Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance. 2. (Geol.) Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas and basalt are igneous rocks. Ignescent Ig*nes"cent (?), a. [L. ignescens, p.pr. of ignescere to become inflamed, fr. ignis fire: cf. F. ignescent.] Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating; as, ignescent stones. Ignicolist Ig*nic"o*list (?), n. [L. ignis fire + colere to worship.] A worshiper of fire. [R.] Igniferous Ig*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ignifer; ignis fire + ferre to bear.] Producing fire. [R.] Blount. Ignifluous Ig*nif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. ignifluus; ignis fire + fluere to flow.] Flowing with fire. [Obs.] Cockerman. Ignify Ig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ignifying (?).] [L. ignis fire + -fy.] To form into fire. [R.] Stukeley. Ignigenous Ig*nig"e*nous (?), a. [L. ignigenus; ignis fire + genere, ginere, to beget, produce.] Produced by the action of fire, as lava. [R.] Ignipotence Ig*nip"o*tence (?), n. Power over fire. [R.] Ignipotent Ig*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. ignipotens; ignis fire + potens powerful.] Presiding over fire; also, fiery. Vulcan is called the powerful ignipotent. Pope. Ignis fatuus Ig"nis fat"u*us (?); pl. Ignes fatui (#). [L. ignis fire + fatuus foolish. So called in allusion to its tendency to mislead travelers.] 1. A phosphorescent light that appears, in the night, over marshy ground, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; -- popularly called also Will-with-the-wisp, or Will-o'-the-wisp, and Jack-with-a-lantern, or Jack-o'-lantern.<-- thought to be caused by phosphine, PH3, a sponaneously combustible gas. --> 2. Fig.: A misleading influence; a decoy. Scared and guided by the ignis fatuus of popular superstition. Jer. Taylor. Ignite Ig*nite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Igniting.] [L. ignitus, p.p. of ignire to ignite, fr. ignis fire. See Igneous.] 1. To kindle or set on fire; as, to ignite paper or wood. 2. (Chem.) To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; -- often said of incombustible or infusible substances; as, to ignite iron or platinum. Ignite Ig*nite", v. i. To take fire; to begin to burn. Ignitible Ig*nit"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being ignited. Ignition Ig*ni"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ignition.] 1. The act of igniting, kindling, or setting on fire. 2. The state of being ignited or kindled. Sir T. Browne. Ignitor Ig*nit"or (?), n. One who, or that which, produces ignition; especially, a contrivance for igniting the powder in a torpedo or the like. [Written also igniter.] Ignivomous Ig*niv"o*mous (?), a. [L. ignivomus; ignis fire + vomere 8vomit.] Vomiting fire. [R.] Ignobility Ig`no*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ignobilitas: cf. F. ignobilit\'82.] Ignobleness. [Obs.] Bale. Ignoble Ig*no"ble (?), a. [L. ignobilis; pref. in- not + nobilis noble: cf. F. ignoble. See In- not, and Noble, a.] 1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian; common; humble. I was not ignoble of descent. Shak. Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants. Shak. 2. Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base. 'T but a base, ignoble mind, That mounts no higher than a bird can soar. Shak. Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. Gray. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Not a true or noble falcon; -- said of certain hawks, as the goshawk. Syn. -- Degenerate; degraded; mean; base; dishonorable; reproachful; disgraceful; shameful; scandalous; infamous. Ignoble Ig*no"ble, v. t. To make ignoble. [Obs.] Bacon. Ignobleness Ig*no"ble*ness, n. State or quality of being ignoble. Ignobly Ig*no"bly, adv. In an ignoble manner; basely. Ignominious Ig`no*min"i*ous (?), a. [L. ignominiosus: cf. F. ignominieux.] 1. Marked with ignominy; in curring public disgrace; dishonorable; shameful. Then first with fear surprised and sense of pain, Fled ignominious. Milton. 2. Deserving ignominy; despicable. One single, obscure, ignominious projector. Swift. 3. Humiliating; degrading; as, an ignominious judgment or sentence. Macaulay. Ignominiously Ig`no*min"i*ous*ly, adv. In an ignominious manner; disgracefully; shamefully; ingloriously. Ignominy Ig"no*min*y (?), n.; pl. Ignominies (#). [L. ignominia ignominy (i.e., a deprivation of one's good name); in- not + nomen name: cf. F. ignominie. See In- not, and Name.] 1. Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy. Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest. Addison. Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy. Rambler. Ignominy is the infliction of such evil as is made dishonorable, or the deprivation of such good as is made honorable by the Common wealth. Hobbes. 2. An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act. Syn. -- Opprobrium; reproach; dishonor. Ignomy Ig"no*my (?), n. Ignominy. [R. & Obs.] I blush to think upon this ignomy. Shak. Ignoramus Ig`no*ra"mus (?), n. [L., we are ignorant. See Ignore.] 1. (Law) We are ignorant; we ignore; -- being the word formerly written on a bill of indictment by a grand jury when there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them in finding it a true bill. The phrase now used is, "No bill," "No true bill," or "Not found," though in some jurisdictions "Ignored" is still used. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Burn. 2. (pl. Ignoramuses (.) A stupid, ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge; a dunce. An ignoramus in place and power. South. Ignorance Ig"no*rance (?), n. [F., fr. L. ignorantia.] 1. The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general, or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated or uninformed. Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Shak. 2. (Theol.) A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may acquire and it is his duty to have. Book of Common Prayer. Invincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance beyond the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is not responsible before God. Ignorant Ig"no*rant (?), a. [F., fr. L. ignorans, -antis, p.pr. of ignorare to be ignorant. See Ignore.] 1. Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened. He that doth not know those things which are of use for him to know, is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides. Tillotson. 2. Unacquainted with; unconscious or unaware; -- used with of. Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame. Dryden. 3. Unknown; undiscovered. [Obs.] Ignorant concealment. Shak. Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed? Shak. 4. Resulting from ignorance; foolish; silly. His shipping, Poor ignorant baubles! -- on our terrible seas, Like eggshells moved. Shak. Syn. -- Uninstructed; untaught; unenlightened; uninformed; unlearned; unlettered; illiterate. -- Ignorant, Illiterate. Ignorant denotes want of knowledge, either as to single subject or information in general; illiterate refers to an ignorance of letters, or of knowledge acquired by reading and study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes were illiterate, and yet were far from being ignorant, especially in regard to war and other active pursuits. In such business Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the ignorant More learned than the ears. Shak. In the first ages of Christianity, not only the learned and the wise, but the ignorant and illiterate, embraced torments and death. Tillotson. Ignorant Ig"no*rant, n. A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled; an ignoramous. Did I for this take pains to teach Our zealous ignorants to preach? Denham. Ignorantism Ig"no*rant*ism (?), n. The spirit of those who extol the advantage to ignorance; obscuriantism. Ignorantist Ig"no*rant*ist, n. One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscuriantist. Ignorantly Ig"no*rant*ly, adv. In a ignorant manner; without knowledge; inadvertently. Whom therefoer ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. Acts xvii. 23. Ignore Ig*nore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ignoring.] [L. ignorare; pref. in- not + the root of gnarus knowing, noscere to become acquainted with. See Know, and cf. Narrate.] 1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic] Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore. Boyle. 2. (Law) To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus. 3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person. Ignoring Italy under our feet, And seeing things before, behind. Mrs. Browning. Ignoscible Ig*nos"ci*ble (?), a. [L. ignoscibilis, fr. ignoscere to pardon, lit., not to wish to know; pref. in- not + gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know. See In- not, and Know.] Pardonable. [Obs.] Bailey. Ignote Ig*note" (?), a. [L. ignotus; pref. in- not + gnotus, notus, known, p.p. of gnocere, nocere, to learn to know.] Unknown. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. -- n. One who is unknown. Bp. Hacket. Iguana I*gua"na (?), n. [Sp. iguana, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. Guana.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanid\'91. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits. NOTE: &hand; Th e common iguana (I. tuberculata) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (I. cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes. Iguanian I*gua"ni*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana. Iguanid I*gua"nid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Iguanoid. Iguanodon I*gua"no*don (?), n. [Iguana + Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. See Illustration in Appendix. Iguanodont I*gua"no*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon. Iguanoid I*gua"noid (?), a. [Iguana + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Iguanid\'91. Ihlang-ihlang Ih*lang`-ih*lang" (?), n. [Malayan, flower of flowers.] A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of the flowers of Canada odorata, an East Indian tree. [Also written ylang-ylang.] Ihram Ih*ram" (?), n. The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca. Ik Ik (?), pron. [See I.] I [Obs.] Piers Plowman. NOTE: &hand; Th e No rthern di alectic form of I, in Early English, corresponding to ich of the Southern. Il- Il- (?). A form of the prefix in-, not, and in-, among. See In-. Ile Ile (?), n. [AS. egl.] Ear of corn. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Ile Ile, n. [See Aisle.] An aisle. [Obs.] H. Swinburne. Ile Ile, n. [See Isle.] An isle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ileac Il"e*ac (?), a. [See Ileum.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum. [Written also iliac.] 2. See Iliac, 1. [R.] Ileac passion. (Med.) See Ileus. Ileoc\'91cal Il`e*o*c\'91"cal (?), a. [Ileum + c\'91cal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and c\'91cum. Ileocolic Il`e*o*col"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and colon; as, the ileocolic, or ileoc\'91cal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large intestine. Ileum Il"e*um (?), n. [L. ile, ileum, ilium, pl. ilia, groin, flank.] 1. (Anat.) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written also ileon, and ilium.] 2. (Anat.) See Ilium. [R.] NOTE: &hand; Mo st modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone. Ileus Il"e*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction. It is characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by vomiting of fecal matter. Called also ileac, OR iliac, passion. Ilex I"lex (?), n. [L., holm oak.] (Bot.) (a) The holm oak (Quercus Ilex). (b) A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common holly. Iliac Il"i*ac (?), a. [L. Iliacus, Gr. Iliad.] Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy. Gladstone. Iliac Il"i*ac, a. [Cf. F. iliaque. See Ileum, and cf. Jade a stone.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone of the pelvis; as, the iliac artery. [Written also ileac.] 2. See Ileac, 1. [R.] Iliac crest, the upper margin of the ilium. -- Iliac passion. See Ileus. -- Iliac region, a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions. Iliacal I*li"a*cal (?), a. Iliac. [R.] liad l"i*ad (?), n. [L. Ilias, -adis, Gr. A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer. Ilial Il"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium; iliac. Iliche I*liche" (?), adv. [OE., fr. AS. gel\'c6c. Cf. Alike.] Alike. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ilicic I*lic"ic (?), a. [L. ilex, ilicis, holm oak.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (Ilex), and allied plants; as, ilicic acid. Ilicin Il"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) The bitter principle of the holly. Ilio- Il"i*o- (?). [From Ilium.] A combining form used in anatomy to denote connection with, or relation to, the ilium; as, ilio-femoral, ilio-lumbar, ilio-psoas, etc. Iliofemoral Il`i*o*fem"o*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium and femur; as, iliofemoral ligaments. Iliolumbar Il`i*o*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions; as, the iliolumbar artery. Iliopsoas Il`i*o*pso"as (?), n. (Anat.) The great flexor muscle of the hip joint, divisible into two parts, the iliac and great psoas, -- often regarded as distinct muscles. Ilium Il"i*um (?), n. [See Ileum.] (Anat.) The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. [Written also ilion, and ileum.] Ilixanthin Il`ix*an"thin (?), n. [Ilex the genus including the holly + Gr. (Chem.) A yellow dye obtained from the leaves of the holly. Ilk Ilk (?), a. [Scot. ilk, OE. ilke the same, AS. ilca. Cf. Each.] Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser. Of that ilk, denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson. Ilke Il"ke (?), a. [See Ilk.] Same. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ilkon, Ilkoon Il*kon", Il*koon" (?), pron. [See Ilk, and One.] Each one; every one. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ill Ill (?), a. [The regular comparative and superlative are wanting, their places being supplied by worse ( and worst (, from another root.] [OE. ill, ille, Icel. illr; akin to Sw. illa, adv., Dan. ilde, adv.] 1. Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable; unfavorable. Neither is it ill air only that maketh an ill seat, but ill ways, ill markets, and ill neighbors. Bacon. There 's some ill planet reigns. Shak. 2. Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper. Of his own body he was ill, and gave The clergy ill example. Shak. 3. Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; as, ill of a fever. I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill. Shak. 4. Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude; unpolished; inelegant. That 's an ill phrase. Shak. Ill at ease, uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. "I am very ill at ease." Shak. -- Ill blood, enmity; resentment. -- Ill breeding, want of good breeding; rudeness. -- Ill fame, ill or bad repute; as, a house of ill fame, a house where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse. -- Ill humor, a disagreeable mood; bad temper. -- Ill nature, bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a disposition to cause unhappiness to others. -- Ill temper, anger; moroseness; crossness. -- Ill turn. (a) An unkind act. (b) A slight attack of illness. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Ill will, unkindness; enmity; malevolence. Syn. -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell. _________________________________________________________________ Page 728 Ill Ill (?), n. 1. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; as, the ills of humanity. Who can all sense of others' ills escape Is but a brute at best in human shape. Tate. That makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of. Shak. 2. Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness; depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil. Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill. Dryden. Ill Ill, adv. In a ill manner; badly; weakly. How ill this taper burns! Shak. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith. NOTE: &hand; Il l, li ke ab ove, we ll, and so, is used before many participal adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an ill-educated man; he was ill educated; an ill-formed plan; the plan, however ill formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: ill-affected or ill affected, ill-arranged or ill arranged, ill-assorted or ill assorted, ill-boding or ill boding, ill-bred or ill bred, ill-conditioned, ill-conducted, ill-considered, ill-devised, ill-disposed, ill-doing, ill-fairing, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill-featured, ill-formed, ill-gotten, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill-looking, ill-mannered, ill-matched, ill-meaning, ill-minded, ill-natured, ill-omened, ill-proportioned, ill-provided, ill-required, ill-sorted, ill-starred, ill-tempered, ill-timed, ill-trained, ill-used, and the like. I' ll I' ll (?). Contraction for I will or I shall. I'll by a sign give notice to our friends. Shak. Illabile Il*lab"ile (?), a. Incapable of falling or erring; infalliable. [Obs.] -- Il`la*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.] Illacerable Il*lac"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. illacerabilis: cf. F. illac\'82rable. See In- not, and Lacerable.] Not lacerable; incapable of being torn or rent. [Obs.] Illacrymable Il*lac"ry*ma*ble (?), a. [L. illacrimabilis; pref. il- not + lacrimabilis worthy of tears.] Incapable of weeping. [Obs.] Bailey. Illapsable Il*laps"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. il- not + lapsable.] Incapable of slipping, or of error. [R.] Morally immutable and illapsable. Glanvill. Illapse Il*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Illapsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illapsing.] [L. illapsus, p.p. of illabi; pref. il- in + labi to fall, slide.] To fall or glide; to pass; -- usually followed by into. Cheyne. Illapse Il*lapse", n. [L. illapsus. See Illapse, v. i.] A gliding in; an immisson or entrance of one thing into another; also, a sudden descent or attack. Akenside. They sit silent . . . waiting for an illapse of the spirit. Jeffrey. Illaqueable Il*la"que*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being insnared or entrapped. [R.] Cudworth. Illaqueate Il*la"que*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illaqueated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illaqueating.] [L. illaqueatus, p.p. of illaqueare; pref. il- in + laqueare to insnare, fr. laqueus, noose, snare.] To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch. Let not the surpassing eloquence of Taylor dazzle you, nor his scholastic retairy versatility of logic illaqueate your good sense. Coleridge. Illaqueation Il*la`que*a"tion (?), n. 1. The act of catching or insnaring. [R.] Sir T. Browne. 2. A snare; a trap. Johnson. Illation Il*la"tion (?), n. [L. illatio, fr. illatus, used as p.p. of inferre to carry or bring in, but from a different root: cf. F. illation. See 1st In-, and Tolerate, and cf. Infer.] The act or process of inferring from premises or reasons; perception of the connection between ideas; that which is inferred; inference; deduction; conclusion. Fraudulent deductions or inconsequent illations from a false conception of things. Sir T. Browne. Illative Il"la*tive (?), a. [L. illativus: cf. F. illatif.] Relating to, dependent on, or denoting, illation; inferential; conclusive; as, an illative consequence or proposition; an illative word, as then, therefore, etc. Illative conversion (Logic), a converse or reverse statement of a proposition which in that form must be true because the original proposition is true. -- Illative sense (Metaph.), the faculty of the mind by which it apprehends the conditions and determines upon the correctness of inferences. Illative Il"la*tive, n. An illative particle, as for, because. Illatively Il"la*tive*ly, adv. By inference; as an illative; in an illative manner. Illaudable Il*laud"a*ble (?), a. [L. illaudabilis. See In- not, and Laudable.] Not laudable; not praise-worthy; worthy of censure or disapprobation. Milton. -- Il*laud"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Broome. Ill-boding Ill`-bod"ing (?), a. Boding evil; inauspicious; ill-omened. "Ill-boding stars." Shak. Ill-bred Ill"-bred` (?), a. Badly educated or brought up; impolite; incivil; rude. See Note under Ill, adv. Illecebration Il*lec`e*bra"tion (?), n. [See Illecebrous.] Allurement. [R.] T. Brown. Illecebrous Il*lec"e*brous (?), a. [L. illecebrosus, fr. illecebra allurement, fr. illicere to allure.] Alluring; attractive; enticing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Illegal Il*le"gal (?), a. [Pref. il- not + legal: cf. F. ill\'82gal.] Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to, or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; as, an illegal act; illegal trade; illegal love. Bp. Burnet. Illegality Il`le*gal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Illegalities (#). [Cf. F. ill\'82galit\'82.] The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; as, the illegality of trespass or of false imprisonment; also, an illegal act. Illegalize Il*le"gal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illegalizing (?).] To make or declare illegal or unlawful. Illegally Il*le"gal*ly, adv. In a illegal manner; unlawfully. Illegalness Il*le"gal*ness, n. Illegality, unlawfulness. Illegibility Il*leg`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being illegible. Illegible Il*leg"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being read; not legible; as, illegible handwriting; an illegible inscription. -- Il*leg"i*ble*ness, n. -- Il*leg"i*bly, adv. Illegitimacy Il`le*git"i*ma*cy (?), n. The state of being illegitimate. Blackstone. Illegitimate Il`le*git"i*mate (?), a. 1. Not according to law; not regular or authorized; unlawful; improper. 2. Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; bastard; as, an illegitimate child. 3. Not legitimately deduced or inferred; illogical; as, an illegitimate inference. 4. Not authorized by good usage; not genuine; spurious; as, an illegitimate word. Illegitimate fertilization, OR Illegitimate union (Bot.), the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers. Darwin. Illegitimate Il`le*git"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegitimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illegitimating.] To render illegitimate; to declare or prove to be born out of wedlock; to bastardize; to illegitimatize. The marriage should only be dissolved for the future, without illegitimating the issue. Bp. Burnet. Illegitimately Il`le*git"i*mate*ly (?), adv. In a illegitimate manner; unlawfully. Illegitimation Il`le*git`i*ma"tion (?), n. 1. The act of illegitimating; bastardizing. 2. The state of being illegitimate; illegitimacy. [Obs.] Gardiner had performed his promise to the queen of getting her illegitimation taken off. Bp. Burnet. Illegitimatize Il`le*git"i*ma*tize (?), v. t. To render illegitimate; to bastardize. Illesive Il*le"sive (?), a. [Pref. il- not + L. laedere, laesum, to injure.] Not injurious; harmless. [R.] Illeviable Il*lev"i*a*ble (?), a. Not leviable; incapable of being imposed, or collected. [R.] Sir M. Hale. Ill-favored Ill`-fa"vored (?), a. Wanting beauty or attractiveness; deformed; ugly; ill-looking. Ill-favored and lean-fleshed. Gen. xli. 3. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ly, adv. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ness, n. Illiberal Il*lib"er*al (?), a. [L. illiberalis; pref. il- not + liberalis liberal: cf. F. illib\'82ral.] 1. Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid. "A thrifty and illiberal hand." Mason. 2. Indicating a lack of breeding, culture, and the like; ignoble; rude; narrow-minded; disingenuous. 3. Not well authorized or elegant; as, illiberal words in Latin. [R.] Chesterfield. Illiberalism Il*lib"er*al*ism (?), n. Illiberality. [R.] Illiberality Il*lib`er*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. illiberalitas: cf. F. illib\'82ralit\'82.] The state or quality of being illiberal; narrowness of mind; meanness; niggardliness. Bacon. Illiberalize Il*lib"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illiberalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illiberalizing (?).] To make illiberal. Illiberally Il*lib"er*al*ly, adv. In a illiberal manner, ungenerously; uncharitably; parsimoniously. Illiberalness Il*lib"er*al*ness, n. The state of being illiberal; illiberality. Illicit Il*lic"it (?), a. [L. illicitus; pref. il- not + licitus, p.p. of licere to be allowed or permitted: cf. F. illicite. See In- not, and License.] Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as, illicit trade; illicit intercourse; illicit pleasure. One illicit . . . transaction always leads to another. Burke. -- Il*lic"it*ly, adv. -- Il*lic"it*ness, n. Illicitous Il*lic"it*ous (?), a. Illicit. [R.] Cotgrave. Illicium Il*li"ci*um (?), n. [So called, in allusion to its aroma, from L. illicium an allurement.] (Bot.) A genus of Asiatic and American magnoliaceous trees, having star-shaped fruit; star anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum is used as a spice in India, and its oil is largely used in Europe for flavoring cordials, being almost identical with true oil of anise. Illighten Il*light"en (?), v. t. To enlighten. [Obs.] Illimitable Il*lim"it*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. il- not + limitable: cf. F. illimitable.] Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless; boundless; as, illimitable space. The wild, the irregular, the illimitable, and the luxuriant, have their appropriate force of beauty. De Quincey. Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable; infinite; immense; vast. -- Il*lim"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Il*lim"it*a*bly, adv. Illimitation Il*lim`it*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- not + limitation: cf. F. illimitation.] State of being illimitable; want of, or freedom from, limitation. Bp. Hall. Illimited Il*lim"it*ed (?), a. Not limited; interminable. Bp. Hall. -- Il*lim"it*ed*ness, n. The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was generally much spoken of. Clarendon. Illinition Il`li*ni"tion (?), n. [L. illinire, illinere, to besmear; pref. il- in, on + linire, linere, to smear.] 1. A smearing or rubbing in or on; also, that which is smeared or rubbed on, as ointment or liniment. 2. A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals. [R.] A thin crust or illinition of black manganese. Kirwan. Illinois Il`li*nois" (?), n.sing. & pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers. Illiquation Il`li*qua"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- in + L. liquare to melt.] The melting or dissolving of one thing into another. Illish Ill"ish (?), a. Somewhat ill. [Obs.] Howell. Illision Il*li"sion (?), n. [L. illisio, fr. illidere, illisum, to strike against; pref. il- in + laedere to strike.] The act of dashing or striking against. Sir T. Browne. Illiteracy Il*lit"er*a*cy (?), n.; pl. Illiteracies (#). [From Illiterate.] 1. The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; as, the illiteracy shown by the last census. 2. An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder. The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his [Shakespeare's] works. Pope. Illiteral Il*lit"er*al (?), a. Not literal. [R.] B. Dawson. Illiterate Il*lit"er*ate (?), a. [L. illiteratus: pref. il- not + literatus learned. See In- not, and Literal.] Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed; uneducated; as, an illiterate man, or people. Syn. -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See Ignorant. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ly, adv. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ness, n. Illiterature Il*lit"er*a*ture (?), n. Want of learning; illiteracy. [R.] Ayliffe. Southey. Ill-judged Ill"-judged` (?), a. Not well judged; unwise. Ill-lived Ill"-lived` (?), a. Leading a wicked life. [Obs.] Ill-looking Ill"-look`ing (?), a. Having a bad look; threatening; ugly. See Note under Ill, adv. Ill-mannered Ill`-man"nered (?), a. Impolite; rude. Ill-minded Ill"-mind`ed (?), a. Ill-disposed. Byron. Ill-natured Ill`-na"tured (?), a. 1. Of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious; cross; crabbed; surly; as, an ill-natured person. 2. Dictated by, or indicating, ill nature; spiteful. "The ill-natured task refuse." Addison. 3. Intractable; not yielding to culture. [R.] "Ill-natured land." J. Philips. -- Ill`-na"tured*ly, adv. -- Ill`-na"tured*ness, n. Illness Ill"ness (?), n. [From Ill.] 1. The condition of being ill, evil, or bad; badness; unfavorableness. [Obs.] "The illness of the weather." Locke. 2. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness; as, a short or a severe illness. 3. Wrong moral conduct; wickedness. Shak. Syn. -- Malady; disease; indisposition; ailment. -- Illness, Sickness. Within the present century, there has been a tendency in England to use illness in the sense of a continuous disease, disorder of health, or sickness, and to confine sickness more especially to a sense of nausea, or "sickness of the stomach." Ill-nurtured Ill"-nur`tured (?), a. Ill-bred. Shak. Illocality Il`lo*cal"i*ty (?), n. Want of locality or place. [R.] Cudworth. Illogical Il*log"ic*al (?), a. Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference. -- Il*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Il*log"ic*al*ness, n. Ill-omened Ill`-o"mened (?), a. Having unlucky omens; inauspicious. See Note under Ill, adv. Ill-starred Ill"-starred` (?), a. Fated to be unfortunate; unlucky; as, an ill-starred man or day. Ill-tempered Ill`-tem"pered (?), a. 1. Of bad temper; morose; crabbed; sour; peevish; fretful; quarrelsome. 2. Unhealthy; ill-conditioned. [Obs.] So ill-tempered I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, while all the world is afraid to melt away. Pepys. Ill-timed Ill"-timed` (?), a. Done, attempted, or said, at an unsuitable or unpropitious time. Illtreat Ill`treat" (?), v. t. To treat cruelly or improperly; to ill use; to maltreat. Illude Il*lude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuding.] [L. illudere, illusum; pref. il- in + ludere to play: cf. OF. illuder. See Ludicrous.] To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite and disappoint the hopes of. Illume Il*lume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuming.] [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.] To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright; to illuminate; to illumine. Shak. The mountain's brow, Illumed with fluid gold. Thomson. Illuminable Il*lu"mi*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being illuminated. Illuminant Il*lu"mi*nant (?), n. [L. illuminans, -antis, p.pr. of illuminare.] That which illuminates or affords light; as, gas and petroleum are illuminants. Boyle. Illuminary Il*lu"mi*na*ry (?), a. Illuminative. Illuminate Il*lu"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminating (?).] [L. illuminatus, p.p. of illuminare; pref. il- in + luminare to enlighten, fr. lumen light. See Luminous, and cf. Illume, Illumine, Enlimn, Limn.] 1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten. 2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect. 3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages. 4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a problem, or a duty. _________________________________________________________________ Page 729 Illuminate Il*lu"mi*nate (?), v. i. To light up in token or rejoicing. Illuminate Il*lu"mi*nate (?), a. [L. illuminatus, p.p.] Enlightened. Bp. Hall. Illuminate Il*lu"mi*nate, n. One who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge. Illuminati Il*lu`mi*na"ti (?), n. pl. [L. illuminatus. See Illuminate, v. t., and cf. Illuminee.] Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as follows: - 1. (Eccl.) Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual illumination they has received by that sacrament. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575. Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also Alumbrados, Perfectibilists, etc. 3. (Mod. Hist.) Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly for a time, but ceased after a few years. 4. Also applied to: (a) An obscure sect of French Familists. (b) The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists; (c) The Rosicrucians. 5. Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual enlightenment. Illuminating Il*lu"mi*na`ting (?), a. Giving or producing light; used for illumination. Illuminating gas. See Gas, n., 2 (a). Illumination Il*lu`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. illuminatio: cf. F. illumination.] 1. The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated. 2. Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights. 3. Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See Illuminate, v. t., 3. 4. That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or manuscript. 5. That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor; especially, intellectual light or knowledge. The illumination which a bright genius giveth to his work. Felton. 6. (Theol.) The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God; inspiration. Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired. Hooker. Illuminatism Il*lu"mi*na*tism (?), n. Illuminism. [R.] Illuminative Il*lu"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. illuminatif.] Tending to illuminate or illustrate; throwing light; illustrative. "Illuminative reading." Carlyle. Illuminator Il*lu"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L., an enlightener, LL. also, an illuminator of books.] 1. One whose occupation is to adorn books, especially manuscripts, with miniatures, borders, etc. See Illuminate, v. t., 3. 2. A condenser or reflector of light in optical apparatus; also, an illuminant. Illumine Il*lu"mine (?), v. t. [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.] To illuminate; to light up; to adorn. Illuminee Il*lu`mi*nee" (?), n. [F. illumin\'82. Cf. Illuminati.] One of the Illuminati. Illuminer Il*lu"mi*ner (?), n. One who, or that which, illuminates. Illuminism Il*lu"mi*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. illuminisme.] The principles of the Illuminati. Illuministic Il*lu`mi*nis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to illuminism, or the Illuminati. Illuminize Il*lu"mi*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminizing (?).] To initiate the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati. Illuminous Il*lu"mi*nous (?), a. Bright; clear. [R.] H. Taylor. Illure Il*lure" (?), v. t. [Pref. il- in + lure.] To deceive; to entice; to lure. [Obs.] The devil insnareth the souls of many men, by illuring them with the muck and dung of this world. Fuller. Ill-used Ill`-used" (?), a. Misapplied; treated badly. Illusion Il*lu"sion (?), n. [F. illusion, L. illusio, fr. illudere, illusum, to illude. See Illude.] 1. An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination. To cheat the eye with blear illusions. Milton. 2. Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charning; enchantment; witchery; glamour. Ye soft illusions, dear deceits, arise! Pope. 3. (Physiol.) A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling of a wagon is mistaken for thunder. NOTE: &hand; So me mo dern wr iters distinguish between an illusion and hallucination, regarding the former as originating with some external object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever. 4. A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs, dresses, etc. Syn. -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See Delusion. Illusion, Delusion. Illusion refers particularly to errors of the sense; delusion to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical deception is an illusion; a false opinion is a delusion. E. Edwards. Illusionable Il*lu"sion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to illusion. Illusionist Il*lu"sion*ist, n. One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer. Illusive Il*lu"sive (?), a. [See Illude.] Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal. Truth from illusive falsehood to command. Thomson. Illusively Il*lu"sive*ly, adv. In a illusive manner; falsely. Illusiveness Il*lu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show. Illusory Il*lu"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. illusore.] Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; as, illusory promises or hopes. Illustrable Il*lus"tra*ble (?), a. Capable of illustration. Sir T. Browne. Illustrate Il*lus"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illustrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illustrating (?).] [L. illustratus, p.p. of illustrare to illustrate, fr. illustris bright. See Illustrious.] 1. To make clear, bright, or luminous. Here, when the moon illustrates all the sky. Chapman. 2. To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously. Shak. To prove him, and illustrate his high worth. Milton. 3. To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate, explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and examples. 4. To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with pictures, as a history or a romance. 5. To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify. [Obs.] Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates. Milton. Illustrate Il*lus"trate (?), a. [L. illustratus, p.p.] Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious. [Obs.] This most gallant, illustrate, and learned gentleman. Shak. Illustration Il`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. illustratio: cf. F. illustration.] 1. The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct; education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made clear and distinct. 2. That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity. 3. A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary work. Illustrative Il*lus"tra*tive (?), a. 1. Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate. 2. Making illustrious. [Obs.] Illustratively Il*lus"tra*tive*ly, adv. By way of illustration or elucidation. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Illustrator Il*lus"tra*tor (?), n. [L.] One who illustrates. Illustratory Il*lus"tra*to*ry (?), a. Serving to illustrate. Illustrious Il*lus"tri*ous (?), a. [L. illustris, prob. for illuxtris; fr. il- in + the root of lucidus bright: cf. F. illustre. See Lucid.] 1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid. Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious. Beau. & Fl. 2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished. Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere. Drayton. 3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or titles. Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See Distinguished, Famous. Illustriously Il*lus"tri*ous*ly, adv. In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously. Milton. Illustriousness Il*lus"tri*ous*ness, n. The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame. Illustrous Il*lus"trous (?), a. [Pref. il- not + lustrous.] Without luster. [Obs. & R.] Illutation Il`lu*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- in + L. lutum mud: cf. F. illutation.] The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath. Illuxurious Il`lux*u"ri*ous (?), a. Not luxurious. [R.] Orrery. Ill-will Ill`-will" (?). See under Ill, a. Ill-wisher Ill`-wish"er (?), n. One who wishes ill to another; an enemy. Illy Il"ly (?), adv. [A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the adverb ill.] Ilmenite Il"men*ite (?), n. [So called from Ilmen, a branch of the Ural Mountains.] (Min.) Titanic iron. See Menaccanite. Ilmenium Il*me"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Ilmenite.] (Chem.) A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by R.Harmann. Ilvaite Il"va*ite (?), n. [From L. Ilva, the island now called Elba.] (Min.) A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses. I'm I'm (?). A contraction of I am. Im- Im- (?). A form of the prefix in- not, and in- in. See In-. Im- also occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; as, imbank, imbitter. Image Im"age (?), n. [F., fr. L. imago, imaginis, from the root of imitari to imitate. See Imitate, and cf. Imagine.] 1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance. Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shak. Whose is this image and superscription? Matt. xxii. 20. This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak. And God created man in his own image. Gen. i. 27. 2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol. Chaucer. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5. 3. Show; appearance; cast. The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden. 4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea. Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great? Prior. 5. (Rhet.) A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor. Brande & C. 6. (Opt.) The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror. Electrical image. See under Electrical. -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor. -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens. Clerk Maxwell. Image Im"age (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging (?).] 1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints." J. Warton. 2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine. Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, And image charms he must behold no more. Pope. Imageable Im"age*a*ble (?), a. That may be imaged. [R.] Imageless Im"age*less, a. Having no image. Shelley. Imager Im"a*ger (?), n. One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor. [Obs.] Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare imager. Holland. Imagery Im"age*ry (?), n. [OE. imagerie, F. imagerie.] 1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. "Painted imagery." Shak. In those oratories might you see Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery. Dryden. 2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance. What can thy imagery of sorrow mean? Prior. 3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms. The imagery of a melancholic fancy. Atterbury. 4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse. I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery. Dryden. Imaginability Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capacity for imagination. [R.] Coleridge. Imaginable Im*ag"i*na*ble (?), a. [L. imaginabilis: cf. F. imaginable.] Capable of being imagined; conceivable. Men sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable. Tillotson. -- Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*ag"i*na*bly, adv. Imaginal Im*ag"i*nal (?), a. [L. imaginalis.] 1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use or rhetorical figures or imagins. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an imago. Imaginal disks (Zo\'94l.), masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larv\'91 of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed. Imaginant Im*ag"i*nant (?), a. [L. imaginans, p.pr. of imaginari: cf. F. imaginant.] Imagining; conceiving. [Obs.] Bacon. -- n. An imaginer. [Obs.] Glanvill. Imaginarily Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly (?), a. In a imaginary manner; in imagination. B. Jonson. Imaginariness Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness, n. The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality. Imaginary Im*ag"i*na*ry (?), a. [L. imaginarius: cf. F. imaginaire.] Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied; visionary; ideal. Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer Imaginary ills and fancied tortures? Addison. Imaginary calculus See under Calculus. -- Imaginary expression OR quantity (Alg.), an algebraic expression which involves the impossible operation of taking the square root of a negative quantity; as, &root;-9, a + b &root;-1. -- Imaginary points, lines, surfaces, etc. (Geom.), points, lines, surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although by reason of certain changes of a figure they have in fact ceased to have a real existence.Syn. -- Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal; illusive. Imaginary Im*ag"i*na*ry, n. (Alg.) An imaginary expression or quantity. Imaginate Im*ag"i*nate (?), a. Imaginative. [Obs.] Holland. Imagination Im*ag`i*na"tion (?), n. [OE. imaginacionum, F. imagination, fr. L. imaginatio. See Imagine.] 1. The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power to call up mental imagines. Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is imagination. Glanvill. Imagination is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to come; joined with memory of that which is past; and of things present, or as if they were present. Bacon. 2. The representative power; the power to reconstruct or recombine the materials furnished by direct apprehension; the complex faculty usually termed the plastic or creative power; the fancy. The imagination of common language -- the productive imagination of philosophers -- is nothing but the representative process plus the process to which I would give the name of the "comparative." Sir W. Hamilton. The power of the mind to decompose its conceptions, and to recombine the elements of them at its pleasure, is called its faculty of imagination. I. Taylor. The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have moreover a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones together, so as to form new wholes of our creation. I shall employ the word imagination to express this power. Stewart. 3. The power to recombine the materials furnished by experience or memory, for the accomplishment of an elevated purpose; the power of conceiving and expressing the ideal. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet Are of imagination all compact . . . The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven, And as imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak. 4. A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; a conception; a notion. Shak. Syn. -- Conception; idea; conceit; fancy; device; origination; invention; scheme; design; purpose; contrivance. -- Imagination, Fancy. These words have, to a great extent, been interchanged by our best writers, and considered as strictly synonymous. A distinction, however, is now made between them which more fully exhibits their nature. Properly speaking, they are different exercises of the same general power -- the plastic or creative faculty. Imagination consists in taking parts of our conceptions and combining them into new forms and images more select, more striking, more delightful, more terrible, etc., than those of ordinary nature. It is the higher exercise of the two. It creates by laws more closely connected with the reason; it has strong emotion as its actuating and formative cause; it aims at results of a definite and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the debates of his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes of his Paradise, are all products of the imagination. Fancy moves on a lighter wing; it is governed by laws of association which are more remote, and sometimes arbitrary or capricious. Hence the term fanciful, which exhibits fancy in its wilder flights. It has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively, gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please by unexpected combinations of thought, startling contrasts, flashes of brilliant imagery, etc. Pope's Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy which has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country. -- "This, for instance, Wordworth did in respect of the words \'bfimagination' and \'bffancy.' Before he wrote, it was, I suppose, obscurely felt by most that in \'bfimagination' there was more of the earnest, in \'bffancy' of the play of the spirit; that the first was a loftier faculty and gift than the second; yet for all this words were continually, and not without loss, confounded. He first, in the preface to his Lyrical Ballads, rendered it henceforth impossible that any one, who had read and mastered what he has written on the two words, should remain unconscious any longer of the important difference between them." Trench. The same power, which we should call fancy if employed on a production of a light nature, would be dignified with the title of imagination if shown on a grander scale. C. J. Smith. _________________________________________________________________ Page 730 Imaginational Im*ag`i*na"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, involving, or caused by, imagination. Imaginationalism Im*ag`i*na"tion*al*ism (?), n. Idealism. J. Grote. Imaginative Im*ag"i*na*tive (?), a. [F. imaginatif.] 1. Proceeding from, and characterized by, the imagination, generally in the highest sense of the word. In all the higher departments of imaginative art, nature still constitues an important element. Mure. 2. Given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc.; having a quick imagination; conceptive; creative. Milton had a highly imaginative, Cowley a very fanciful mind. Coleridge. 3. Unreasonably suspicious; jealous. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ly, adv. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ness, n. Imagine Im*ag"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imagined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imagining.] [F. imaginer, L. imaginari, p.p. imaginatus, fr. imago image. See Image.] 1. To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to form a mental image of; to conceive; to produce by the imagination. In the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak. 2. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise; to compass; to purpose. See Compass, v. t., 5. How long will ye imagine mischief against a man? Ps. lxii. 3. 3. To represent to one's self; to think; to believe. Shak. Syn. -- To fancy; conceive; apprehend; think; believe; suppose; opine; deem; plan; scheme; devise. Imagine Im*ag"ine, v. i. 1. To form images or conceptions; to conceive; to devise. 2. To think; to suppose. My sister is not so defenseless left As you imagine. Milton. Imaginer Im*ag"in*er (?), n. One who forms ideas or conceptions; one who contrives. Bacon. Imaginous Im*ag"in*ous (?), a. Imaginative. [R.] Chapman. Imago I*ma"go (?), n.; pl. Imagoes (#). [L. See Image.] 1. An image. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The final adult, and usually winged, state of an insect. See Illust. of Ant-lion, and Army worm. Imam, Iman, Imaum I*mam" (?), I*man" (?), I*maum" (?), n. [Ar. im\'bem.] 1. Among the Mohammedans, a minister or priest who performs the regular service of the mosque. 2. A Mohammedan prince who, as a successor of Mohammed, unites in his person supreme spiritual and temporal power. Imaret I*ma"ret (?), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. 'im\'bera.] A lodging house for Mohammedan pilgrims. Moore. Imbalm Im*balm" (?), v. t. See Embalm. Imban Im*ban" (?), v. t. To put under a ban. [R.] Barlow. Imband Im*band" (?), v. t. To form into a band or bands. "Imbanded nations." J. Barlow. Imbank Im*bank" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbanking.] [Pref. im- in + bank. Cf. Embank.] To inclose or defend with a bank or banks. See Embank. Imbankment Im*bank"ment (?), n. The act of surrounding with a bank; a bank or mound raised for defense, a roadway, etc.; an embankment. See Embankment. Imbannered Im*ban"nered (?), a. Having banners. Imbar Im*bar" (?), v. t. To bar in; to secure. [Obs.] To imbar their crooked titles. Shak. Imbargo Im*bar"go (?), n. See Embargo. Imbark Im*bark" (?), v. i. & t. See Embark. Imbarn Im*barn" (?), v. t. To store in a barn. [Obs.] Imbase Im*base" (?), v. t. See Embase. Imbase Im*base", v. i. To diminish in value. [Obs.] Hales. Imbastardize Im*bas"tard*ize (?), v. t. To bastardize; to debase. [Obs.] Milton. Imbathe Im*bathe" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + bathe. Cf. Embathe.] To bathe; to wash freely; to immerce. And gave her to his daughters to imbathe In nectared lavers strewed with asphodel. Milton. Imbay Im*bay" (?), v. t. See Embay. Imbecile Im"be*cile (?), a. [L. imbecillis, and imbecillus; of unknown origin: cf. F. imb\'82cile.] Destitute of strength, whether of body or mind; feeble; impotent; esp., mentally wea; feeble-minded; as, hospitals for the imbecile and insane. Syn. -- Weak; feeble; feeble-minded; idiotic. Imbecile Im"be*cile, n. One destitute of strength; esp., one of feeble mind. Imbecile Im"be*cile, v. t. To weaken; to make imbecile; as, to imbecile men's courage. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Imbecilitate Im`be*cil"i*tate (?), v. t. To weaken, as to the body or the mind; to enfeeble. [R.] A. Wilson. Imbecility Im`be*cil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Imbecilities (#). [L. imbecillitas: cf. F. imb\'82cillit\'82.] The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, esp. of mind. Cruelty . . . argues not only a depravedness of nature, but also a meanness of courage and imbecility of mind. Sir W. Temple. NOTE: &hand; Th is te rm is us ed sp ecifically to denote natural weakness of the mental faculties, affecting one's power to act reasonably or intelligently. Syn. -- Debility; infirmity; weakness; feebleness; impotence. See Debility. Imbed Im*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbedded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbedding.] [Pref. im- in + bed. Cf. Embed.] To sink or lay, as in a bed; to deposit in a partly inclosing mass, as of clay or mortar; to cover, as with earth, sand, etc. Imbellic Im*bel"lic (?), a. [L. imbellis; pref. im- = in- not + bellum war; cf. bellicus warlike.] Not warlike or martial. [Obs.] R. Junius. Imbenching Im*bench"ing (?), n. [Pref. im- in + bench.] A raised work like a bench. [Obs.] Parkhurst. Imber-goose Im"ber-goose` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The loon. See Ember-goose. Imbezzle Im*bez"zle (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Embezzle. Imbibe Im*bibe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbibing.] [L. imbibere; pref. im- in + bibere to drink: cf. F. imbiber. Cf. Bib, Imbue, Potable.] 1. To drink in; to absorb; to suck or take in; to receive as by drinking; as, a person imbibes drink, or a sponge imbibes moisture. 2. To receive or absorb into the mind and retain; as, to imbibe principles; to imbibe errors. 3. To saturate; to imbue. [Obs.] "Earth, imbibed with . . . acid." Sir I. Newton. Imbiber Im*bib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, imbibes. Imbibition Im`bi*bi"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imbibition.] The act or process of imbibing, or absorbing; as, the post-mortem imbibition of poisons. Bacon. Imbitter Im*bit"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbittering.] [Pref. im- in + bitter. Cf. Embitter.] [Written also embitter.] To make bitter; hence, to make distressing or more distressing; to make sad, morose, sour, or malignant. Is there anything that more imbitters the enjoyment of this life than shame? South. Imbittered against each other by former contests. Bancroft. Imbitterer Im*bit"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, imbitters. Imbitterment Im*bit"ter*ment (?), n. The act of imbittering; bitter feeling; embitterment. Imblaze Im*blaze" (?), v. t. See Emblaze. Imblazon Im*bla"zon (?), v. t. See Emblazon. Imbody Im*bod"y (?), v. i. [See Embody.] To become corporeal; to assume the qualities of a material body. See Embody. The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes. Milton. Imboil Im*boil" (?), v. t. & i. [Obs.] See Emboil. Imbolden Im*bold"en (?), v. t. See Embolden. Imbonity Im*bon"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + L. bonitas goodness.] Want of goodness. [Obs.] Burton. Imborder Im*bor"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbordered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbordering.] [Pref. im- in + border. Cf. Emborder.] To furnish or inclose with a border; to form a border of. Milton. Imbosk Im*bosk" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosking.] [CF. It. imboscare to imbosk, imboscarsi to retire into a wood; pref. im- in + bosco wood. See Boscage, and cf. Ambush.] To conceal, as in bushes; to hide. [Obs.] Shelton. Imbosk Im*bosk", v. i. To be concealed. [R.] Milton. Imbosom Im*bos"om (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosoming.] [Pref. im- in + bosom. Cf. Embosom.] 1. To hold in the bosom; to cherish in the heart or affection; to embosom. 2. To inclose or place in the midst of; to surround or shelter; as, a house imbosomed in a grove. "Villages imbosomed soft in trees." Thomson. The Father infinite, By whom in bliss imbosomed sat the Son. Milton. Imboss Im*boss" (?), v. t. See Emboss. Imbosture Im*bos"ture (?), n. [See Emboss.] Embossed or raised work. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Imbound Im*bound" (?), v. t. To inclose in limits; to shut in. [Obs.] Shak. Imbow Im*bow" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + bow. Cf. Embow.] To make like a bow; to curve; to arch; to vault; to embow. "Imbowed windows." Bacon. Imbowel Im*bow"el (?), v. t. See Embowel. Imbower Im*bow"er (?), v. t. & i. See Embower. Imbowment Im*bow"ment (?), n. act of imbowing; an arch; a vault. Bacon. Imbox Im*box" (?), v. t. To inclose in a box. Imbracery Im*bra"cer*y (?), n. Embracery. [Obs.] Imbraid Im*braid" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Embraid. Imbrangle Im*bran"gle (?), v. t. To entangle as in a cobweb; to mix confusedly. [R.] Hudibras. Physiology imbrangled with an inapplicable logic. Coleridge. Imbreed Im*breed" (?), v. t. [Cf. Inbreed.] To generate within; to inbreed. [Obs.] Hakewill. Imbricate, Imbricated Im"bri*cate (?), Im"bri*ca`ted (?), a. [L. imbricatus, p.p. of imbricare to cover with tiles, to form like a gutter tile, fr. imbrex, -icis, a hollow tile, gutter tile, fr. imber rain.] 1. Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter tile. 2. Lying over each other in regular order, so as to "break joints," like tiles or shingles on a roof, the scales on the leaf buds of plants and the cups of some acorns, or the scales of fishes; overlapping each other at the margins, as leaves in \'91stivation. 3. In decorative art: Having scales lapping one over the other, or a representation of such scales; as, an imbricated surface; an imbricated pattern. Imbricate Im"bri*cate (?), v. t. To lay in order, one lapping over another, so as to form an imbricated surface. Imbrication Im`bri*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imbrication.] An overlapping of the edges, like that of tiles or shingles; hence, intricacy of structure; also, a pattern or decoration representing such a structure. Imbricative Im"bri*ca*tive (?), a. (Bot.) Imbricate. Imbrocado Im`bro*ca"do (?), n.; pl. Imbrocadoes (#). [See Brocade.] Cloth of silver or of gold. [R.] Imbrocata, Imbroccata Im`bro*ca"ta (?), Im`broc*ca"ta, n. [It. imbroccata.] A hit or thrust. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Imbroglio Im*brogl"io (?), n.; pl. Imbroglios (#). [Written also embroglio.] [It. See 1st Broil, and cf. Embroil.] 1. An intricate, complicated plot, as of a drama or work of fiction. 2. A complicated and embarrassing state of things; a serious misunderstanding. Wrestling to free itself from the baleful imbroglio. Carlyle. Imbrown Im*brown" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + brown. Cf. Embrown.] To make brown; to obscure; to darken; to tan; as, features imbrowned by exposure. The mountain mass by scorching skies imbrowned. Byron. Imbrue Im*brue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbureed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbureing.] [Cf. OF. embruer, also embruver, embreuver, embrever, to give to drink, soak (see pref. En-, 1, 1st In-, and Breverage), but also OE. enbrewen, enbrowen, to stain, soil (cf. Brewis).] To wet or moisten; to soak; to drench, especially in blood. While Darwen stream, will blood of Scots imbrued. Milton. Imbruement Im*brue"ment (?), n. The act of imbruing or state of being imbrued. Imbrute Im*brute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbruted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbruting.] [Pref. im- in + brute: cf. F. abrutir. Cf. Embrute.] To degrade to the state of a brute; to make brutal. And mixed with bestial slime, THis essence to incarnate and imbrute. Milton. Imbrute Im*brute", v. i. To sink to the state of a brute. The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes, till she quite lose The divine property of her first being. Milton. Imbrutement Im*brute"ment (?), n. The act of imbruting, or the state of being imbruted. [R.] Brydges. Imbue Im*bue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbuing.] [L. imbuere; pref. im- in + perh. a disused simple word akin to L. bibere to drink. Cf. Imbibe.] 1. To tinge deeply; to dye; to cause to absorb; as, clothes thoroughly imbued with black. 2. To tincture deply; to cause to become impressed or penetrated; as, to imbue the minds of youth with good principles. Thy words with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. Milton. Imbuement Im*bue"ment (?), n. The act of imbuing; the state of being imbued; hence, a deep tincture. Imburse Im*burse" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + burse: cf. F. embourser to put into one's purse. See Burse, and Purse.] To supply or stock with money. [Obs.] Imbursement Im*burse"ment (?), n. 1. The act of imbursing, or the state of being imbursed. [Obs.] 2. Money laid up in stock. [Obs.] Imbution Im*bu"tion (?), n. An imbuing. [Obs.] Imesatin I*mes"a*tin (?), n. [Imide + isatin.] (Chem.) A dark yellow, crystalline substance, obtained by the action of ammonia on isatin. Imide Im"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; -- frequently used as a combining form; as, succinimide. Imido Im"i*do (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or combined with, the radical NH, which is called the imido group. Imido acid, an organic acid, consisting of one or more acid radicals so united with the imido group that it contains replaceable acid hydrogen, and plays the part of an acid; as, uric acid, succinimide, etc., are imido acids. Imitability Im`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [See Imitable.] The quality of being imitable. Norris. _________________________________________________________________ Page 731 Imitable Im"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. imitabilis: cf. F. imitable. See Imitate.] 1. Capble of being imitated or copied. The characters of man placed in lower stations of life are more usefull, as being imitable by great numbers. Atterbury. 2. Worthy of imitation; as, imitable character or qualities. Sir W. Raleigh. Imitableness Im"i*ta*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being imitable; worthness of imitation. Imitancy Im"i*tan*cy (?), n. [From L. imitans, p. pr. of imitare.] Tendency to imitation. [R.] Carlyle. Imitate Im"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imitating (?).] [L. imitatus, p. p. of imitari to imitate; of unknown origin. Cf. Image.] 1. To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy or strive to copy, in acts, manners etc. Despise wealth and imitate a dog. Cowlay. 2. To produce a semblance or likeness of, in form, character, color, qualities, conduct, manners, and the like; to counterfeit; to copy. A place picked out by choice of best alive The Nature's work by art can imitate. Spenser. This hand appeared a shining sword to weild, And that sustained an imitated shield. Dryden. 3. (Biol.) To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless snake imitates a venomous one in color and manner, or when an odorless insect imitates, in color, one having secretion offensive to birds. Imitation Im"i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. imitatio: cf. F. imitation.] 1. The act of imitating. Poesy is an art of imitation, . . . that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth. Sir P. Sidney. 2. That which is made or produced as a copy; that which is made to resemble something else, whether for laudable or for fraudulent purposes; likeness; resemblance. Both these arts are not only true imitations of nature, but of the best nature. Dryden. 3. (Mus.) One of the principal means of securing unity and consistency in polyphonic composition; the repetition of essentially the same melodic theme, phrase, or motive, on different degrees of pitch, by one or more of the other parts of voises. Cf. Canon. 4. (Biol.) The act of condition of imitating another species of animal, or a plant, or unanimate object. See Imitate, v. t., 3. NOTE: &hand; Im itation is of ten used adjectively to characterize things which have a deceptive appearance, simulating the qualities of a superior article; -- opposed to real or genuine; as, imitation lace; imitation bronze; imitation modesty, etc. Imitational Im`i*ta"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or employed in, imitation; as, imitational propensities. Imitative Im"i*ta*tive (?), a. [L. imitavitus: cf. F. imitatif.] 1. Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent on example; not original; as, man is an imitative being; painting is an imitative art. 2. Formed after a model, pattern, or original. This temple, less in form, with equal grace, Was imitative of the first in Thrace. Dryden. 3. (Nat. Hist.) Designed to imitate another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object, for some useful purpose, such as protection from enemies; having resamblance to something else; as, imitative colors; imitative habits; dendritic and mammillary forms of minerals are imitative. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ness, n. Imitative Im"i*ta*tive, n. (Gram.) A verb expressive of imitation or resemblance. [R.] Imitater Im"i*ta"ter (?), n. [L.] One who imitates. Imitatorship Im"i*ta`tor*ship, n. The state or office of an imitator. "Servile imitatorship." Marston. Imitatress Im"i*ta`tress (?), n. A woman who is an imitator. Imitatrix Im"i*ta`trix (?), n. An imitatress. Immaculate Im*mac"u*late (?), a. [L. immaculatus; pref. im- not + maculatus, p. p. of maculare to spot, stane, fr. macula spot. See Mail armor.] Without stain or blemish; spotless; undefiled; clear; pure. Were but my soul as pure From other guilt as that, Heaven did not hold One more immaculate. Denham. Thou sheer, immaculate and silver fountain. Shak. Immaculate conception (R. C. Ch.), the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin. -- Im*mac"u*late*ly, adv. -- Im*mac"u*late*ness, n. Immailed Im*mailed" (?), a. Wearing mail or armor; clad of armor. W. Browne. Immalleable Im*mal"le*a*ble (?), a. Not maleable. Immanacle Im*man"a*cle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immanacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immanacling (?).] To manacle; to fetter; hence; to confine; to restrain from free action. Although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled. Milton. Immanation Im"ma*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. im- in + L. manare to flow; cf. mantio a flowing.] A flowing or entering in; -- opposed to emanation. [R.] Good. Immane Im*mane" (?), a. [L. immanis.] Very great; huge; vast; also, monstrous in character; inhuman; atrocious; fierce. [Obs.] "So immane a man." Chapman. -- Im*mane"ly, adv. [Obs.] Immanence, Immanency Im"ma*nence (?), Im"ma*nen*cy (?), n. The condition or quality of being immanent; inherence; an indwelling. [Clement] is mainly concerned in enforcing the immanence of God. Christ is everywhere presented by him as Deity indwelling in the world. A. V. G. Allen. Immanent Im"ma*nent (?), a. [L. immanens, p. pr. of immanere to remain in or near; pref. im- in + manere to remain: cf. F. immanent.] Remaining within; inherent; indwelling; abiding; intrinsic; internal or subjective; hence, limited in activity, agency, or effect, to the subject or associated acts; -- opposed to emanant, transitory, transitive, or objective. A cognition is an immanent act of mind. Sir W. Hamilton. An immanent power in the life of the world. Hare. Immanifest Im*man"i*fest (?), a. Not manifest. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Immanity Im*man"i*ty (?), n. [L. immanitas.] The state or quality of being immane; barbarity. [R.] Shak. Immantle Im*man"tle (?), v. t. See Emmantle. [R.] Immanuel Im*man"u*el (?), n. [Heb. 'imm\'ben, fr. 'im with + \'ben us + \'c7l God.] God with us; -- an appellation of the Christ. Is. vii. 14. Matt. i. 23. Immarcescible Im`mar*ces"ci*ble (?), a. [L. immarcescibilis; pref. im- not + marcescere to fade: cf. F. immarcescible.] Unfading; lasting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Immarcescibly Im`mar*ces"ci*bly, adv. Unfadingly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Immarginate Im*mar"gin*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Not having a distinctive margin or border. Grey. Immartial Im*mar"tial (?), a. Not martial; unwarlike. [Obs.] Immask Im*mask" (?), v. t. To cover, as with a mask; to disguise or conceal. [R.] Shak. Immatchable Im*match"a*ble (?), a. Matchless; peerless. [Obs.] Holland. Immaterrial Im"ma*ter"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + material: cf. F. immat\'82riel.] 1. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual; disembodied. Angels are spirits immaterial and intellectual. Hooker. 2. Of no substantial consequence; without weight or significance; unimportant; as, it is wholly immaterial whether he does so or not. Syn. -- Unimportant; inconsequential; insignificant; inconsiderable; trifling. Immaterialism Im`ma*te"ri*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialisme.] 1. The doctrine that immaterial substances or spiritual being exist, or are possible. 2. (Philos.) The doctrine that external bodies may be reduced to mind and ideas in a mind; any doctrine opposed to materialism or phenomenalism, esp. a system that maintains the immateriality of the soul; idealism; esp., Bishop Berkeley's theory of idealism. Immaterialist Im`ma*te"ri*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialiste.] (Philos.) One who believes in or professes, immaterialism. Immateriality Im`ma*te`ri*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immaterialities (#). [Cf. F. immat\'82rialit\'82.] The state or quality of being immaterial or incorporeal; as, the immateriality of the soul. Immaterialize Im`ma*te"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialiser.] To render immaterial or incorporeal. Immateralized spirits. Glanvill. Immaterially Im`ma*te"ri*al*ly, adv. 1. In an immaterial manner; without matter or corporeal substance. 2. In an unimportant manner or degree. Immaterialness Im`ma*te"ri*al*ness, n. The state or quality of being immaterial; immateriality. Immateriate Im`ma*te"ri*ate (?), a. Immaterial. [Obs.] Bacon. Immature Im`ma*ture" (?), a. [L. immaturus; pref. im- not + maturus mature, ripe. See Mature.] 1. Not mature; unripe; not arrived at perfection of full development; crude; unfinished; as, immature fruit; immature character; immature plans. "An ill-measured and immature counsel." Bacon. 2. Premature; untimely; too early; as, an immature death. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Immatured Im`ma*tured" (?), a. Immature. Immaturely Im`ma*ture"ly (?), adv. In an immature manner. Warburion. Immatureness Im`ma*ture"ness, n. The state or quality of being immature; immaturity. Boyle. Immaturity Im`ma*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [L. immaturitas: cf. F. immaturit\'82.] The state or quality of being immature or not fully developed; unripeness; incompleteness. When the world has outgrown its intellectual immaturity. Caird. Immeability Im`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + L. meabilis passable, fr. meare to pass.] Want of power to pass, or to permit passage; impassableness. Immeability of the juices. Arbuthnot. Immeasurability Im*meas`ur*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being immeasurable; immensurability. Immeasurable Im*meas"ur*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + measurable: cf. F. measurable. Cf. Immensurable, Unmeasurable.] Incapble of being measured; indefinitely extensive; illimitable; immensurable; vast. Of depth immeasurable. Milton. Immeasurableness Im*meas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being immeasurable. Eternity and immeasurableness belong to thought alone. F. W. Robertson. Immeasurably Im*meas"ur*a*bly, adv. In an immeasurable manner or degree. "Immeasurably distant." Wordsworth. Immeasured Im*meas"ured (?), a. Immeasurable. [R.] Spenser. Immechanical Im`me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Not mechanical. [Obs.] Cheyne. -- Im"me*chan"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Immediacy Im*me"di*a*cy (?), n. The relation of freedom from the interventionof a medium; immediateness. Shak. Immediate Im*me"di*ate (?), a. [F. imm\'82diat. See In- not, and Mediate.] 1. Not separated in respect to place by anything intervening; proximate; close; as, immediate contact. You are the most immediate to our throne. Shak. 2. Not deferred by an interval of time; present; instant. "Assemble we immediate council." Shak. Death . . . not yet inflicted, as he feared, By some immediate stroke. Milton. 3. Acting with nothing interposed or between, or without the intervention of another object as a cause, means, or agency; acting, perceived, or produced, directly; as, an immediate cause. The immediate knowledge of the past is therefore impossible. Sir. W. Hamilton. Immediate amputation (Surg.), an amputation performed within the first few hours after an injury, and before the the effects of the shock have passed away. Syn. -- Proximate; close; direct; next. Immediately Im*me"di*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In an immediate manner; without intervention of any other person or thing; proximately; directly; -- opposed to mediately; as, immediately contiguous. God's acceptance of it either immediately by himself, or mediately by the hands of the bishop. South. 2. Without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once. And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Matt. viii. 3. 3. As soon as. Cf. Directly, 8, Note. Syn. -- Directly; instantly; quickly; forthwith; straightway; presently. See Directly. Immediateness Im*me"di*ate*ness, n. The quality or relations of being immediate in manner, place, or time; exemption from second or interventing causes. Bp. Hall. Immedeatism Im*me"de*a*tism (?), n. Immediateness. Immedicable Im*med"i*ca*ble (?), a. [L. Immedicabilis. See In- not, and Medicable.] Not to be healed; incurable. "Wounds immedicable." Milton. Immelodious Im`me*lo"di*ous (?), a. Not melodious. Immemorable Im*mem"o*ra*ble (?), a. [L. immemorabilis; pref. im- not + memorabilis memorable: cf. F. imm\'82morable. See Memorable.] Not memorable; not worth remembering. Johnson. Immemorial Im`me*mo"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + memorial: cf. F. imm\'82morial.] Extending beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition; indefinitely ancient; as, existing from time immemorial. "Immemorial elms." Tennyson. "Immemorial usage or custom." Sir M. Hale. Time immemorial (Eng. Law.), a time antedating (legal) history, and beyond "legal memory" so called; formerly an indefinite time, but in 1276 this time was fixed by statute as the begining of the reign of Richard I. (1189). Proof of unbroken possession or use of any right since that date made it unnecessary to establish the original grant. In 1832 the plan of dating legal memory from a fixed time was abandoned and the principle substituted that rights which had been enjoyed for full twenty years (or as against the crown thirty years) should not be liable to impeachment merely by proving that they had not been enjoyed before. Immemorially Im`me*mo"ri*al*ly, adv. Beyond memory. Bentley. Immense Im*mense" (?), a. [L. immensus; pref. im- not + mensus, p. p. of metiri to measure: cf. F. immense. See Measure.] Immeasurable; unlimited. In commonest use: Very great; vast; huge. "Immense the power" Pope. "Immense and boundless ocean." Daniel. O Goodness infinite! Goodness immense! Milton. Syn. -- Infinite; immeasurable; illimitable; unbounded; unlimited; interminable; vast; prodigious; enormous; monstrous. See Enormous. Immensely Im*mense"ly, adv. In immense manner or degree. Immenseness Im*mense"ness, n. The state of being immense. Immensible Im*men"si*ble (?), a. [Immense + -ible.] Immeasurable. [Obs.] Davies. Immensity Im*men"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Immensities (#). [L. immensitas: cf. F. immensit\'82.] The state or quality of being immense; inlimited or immeasurable extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk; greatness. Lost in the wilds of vast immensity. Blackmore. The immensity of the material system. I. Taylor. Immensive Im*men"sive (?), a. Huge. [Obs.] Herrick. Immensurability Im*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being immensurable. Immensurable Im*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + L. mensurabilis measurable: cf. F. immensurable. Cf. Immeasurable.] Immeasurable. What an immensurable space is the firmament. Derham. Immensurate Im*men"su*rate (?), a. [Pref. im- not + mensurate.] Unmeasured; unlimited. [R.] W. Montagu. Immerge Im*merge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immerged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immerging (?).] [L. immergere; pref. im- in + mergere to dip, plunge: cf. F. immerger. See Merge, and cf. Immerse.] To plungel into, under, or within anything especially a fuid; to dip; to immerse. See Immerse. We took . . . lukewarm water, and in it immerged a quantity of the leaves of senna. Boyle. Their souls are immerged in matter. Jer. Taylor. Immerge Im*merge" (?), v. i. To dissapear by entering into any medium, as a star into the light of the sun. [R.] Immerit Im*mer"it (?), n. Want of worth; demerit. [R.] Suckling. Immerited Im*mer"it*ed, a. Unmerited. [Obs.] Charles I. Immeritous Im*mer"it*ous (?), a. [L. immeritus; pref. im- not + meritus, p. p. of merere, mereri, to deserve.] Undeserving. [Obs.] Milton. Immersable Im*mers"a*ble (?), a. See Immersible. Immerse Im*merse" (?), a. [L. immersus, p. p. of immergere. See Immerge.] Immersed; buried; hid; sunk. [Obs.] "Things immerse in matter." Bacon. Immerse Im*merse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immersing.] 1. To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, especially into a fluid; to dip; to sink; to bury; to immerge. Deep immersed beneath its whirling wave. J Warton. More than a mile immersed within the wood. Dryden. 2. To baptize by immersion. 3. To engage deeply; to engross the attention of; to involve; to overhelm. The queen immersed in such a trance. Tennyson. It is impossible to have a lively hope in another life, and yet be deeply immersed inn the enjoyments of this. Atterbury. _________________________________________________________________ Page 732 Immersed Im*mersed" (?), p. p. & a. 1. Deeply plunged into anything, especially a fluid. 2. Deeply occupied; engrossed; entangled. 3. (Bot.) Growing wholly under water. Gray. Immersible Im*mers"i*ble (?), a. [From Immerse.] Capable of being immersed. Immersible Im*mers"i*ble, a. [Pref. im- not + L. mersus, p. p. of mergere to plunge.] Not capable of being immersed. Immersion Im*mer"sion (?), n. [L. immersio; cf. F. immersion.] 1. The act of immersing, or the state of being immersed; a sinking within a fluid; a dipping; as, the immersion of Achilles in the Styx. 2. Submersion in water for the purpose of Christian baptism, as, practiced by the Baptists. 3. The state of being overhelmed or deeply absorbed; deep engagedness. Too deep an immersion in the affairs of life. Atterbury. 4. (Astron.) The dissapearance of a celestail body, by passing either behind another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in the eclipse of a satellite; -- opposed to emersion. Immersion lens, a microscopic objective of short focal distance designed to work with a drop of liquid, as oil, between the front lens and the slide, so that this lens is practically immersed. Immersionist Im*mer"sion*ist, n. (Eccl.) One who holds the doctrine that immersion is essential to Christian baptism. Immesh Im*mesh" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immeshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immeshing.] [Pref. im- in + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.] To catch or entangle in, or as in, the meshes of a net. or in a web; to insnare. Immethodical Im`me*thod"ic*al (?), a. Not methodical; without method or systematic arrangement; without order or regularity; confused. Addison. Syn. -- Irregular; confused; disoderly; unsystematic; desultory. Immethodically Im`me*thod"ic*al*ly, adv. Without method; confusedly; unsystematically. Immethodicalness Im`me*thod"ic*al*ness, n. Want of method. Immethodize Im*meth"od*ize (?), v. t. To render immethodical; to destroy the method of; to confuse. [R.] Immetrical Im*met"ric*al (, a. Not metrical or rhythmical. [R.] Chapman. Immew Im*mew" (?), v. t. See Emmew. Immigrant Im"mi*grant (?), n. [L. immigrans, p. pr. of immigrare to go into: cf. F. immigrant. See Immigrate.] One who immigrates; one who comes to a country for the purpose of permanent residence; -- correlative of emigrant. Syn. -- See Emigrant. Immigrate Im"mi*grate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immigrating (?).] [L. immigrare, immigratum, to immigrate; pref. im- in + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] To come into a country of which one is not a native, for the purpose of permanent residence. See Emigrate. Immigration Im"mi*gra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. immigration.] The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence. The immigrations of the Arabians into Europe. T. Warton. Imminence Im"mi*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. imminence, L. imminentia, See Imminent.] 1. The condition or quality of being imminent; a threatening, as of something about to happen. The imminence of any danger or distress. Fuller. 2. That which is imminent; impending evil or danger. "But dare all imminence." Shak. Imminent Im"mi*nent (?), a. [L. imminens, p. pr. of imminere to project; pref. im- in + minere (in comp.) to jut, project. See Eminent.] 1. Threatening to occur immediately; near at hand; impending; -- said especially of misfortune or peril. "In danger imminent." Spenser. 2. Full of danger; threatening; menacing; perilous. Hairbreadth scapes i' the imminent deadly breach. Shak. 3. (With upon) Bent upon; attentive to. [R.] Their eyes ever imminent upon worldly matters. Milton. Syn. -- Impending; threatening; near; at hand. -- Imminent, Impending, Threatening. Imminent is the strongest: it denotes that something is ready to fall or happen on the instant; as, in imminent danger of one's life. Impending denotes that something hangs suspended over us, and may so remain indefinitely; as, the impending evils of war. Threatening supposes some danger in prospect, but more remote; as, threatening indications for the future. Three times to-day You have defended me from imminent death. Shak. No story I unfold of public woes, Nor bear advices of impending foes. Pope. Fierce faces threatening war. Milton. Imminently Im"mi*nent*ly, adv. In an imminent manner. Immingle Im*min"gle (?), v. t. To mingle; to mix; to unite; to blend. [R.] Thomson. Imminution Im`mi*nu"tion (?), n. [L. imminutio, fr. imminuere, imminutum, to lessen; pref. im- in + minuere.] A lessening; diminution; decrease. [R.] Ray. Immiscibility Im*mis"ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. immiscibilit\'82.] Incapability of being mixed, or mingled. Immiscible Im*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + miscible: cf. F. immiscible.] Not capable of being mixed or mingled. A chaos of immiscible and conflicting particles. Cudworth. Immission Im*mis"sion (?), n. [L. immissio: cf. F. immission. See Immit.] The act of immitting, or of sending or thrusting in; injection; -- the correlative of emission. Immit Im*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Immiting.] [L. immittere, immissum; pref. im- in + mittere to send.] To send in; to inject; to infuse; -- the correlative of emit. [R.] Boyle. Immitigable Im*mit"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. immitigabilis; fr. pref. im- not + mitigare to mitigate.] Not capable of being mitigated, softened, or appeased. Coleridge. Immitigably Im*mit"i*ga*bly (?), adv. In an immitigable manner. Immix Im*mix" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + mix.] To mix; to mingle. [R.] Amongst her tears immixing prayers meek. Spenser. Immixable Im*mix"a*ble (?), a. Not mixable. Bp. Wilkins. Immixed Im*mixed" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + mixed, p. p. of mix.] Unmixed. [Obs.] How pure and immixed the design is. Boyle. Immixture Im*mix"ture (?), n. Freedom from mixture; purity. [R.] W. Montagu. Immobile Im*mo"bile (?), a. [L. immobilis: cf. F. immobile. See Immobility.] Incapable of being moved; immovable; fixed; stable. Prof. Shedd. Immobility Im`mo*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. immobilitas, fr. immobilis immovable; pref. im- not + mobilis movable: cf. F. immobilit\'82. See Mobile.] The condition or quality of being immobile; fixedness in place or state. Immobilize Im*mob"i*lize (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + mobilize; cf. f. immobiliser.] To make immovable; in surgery, to make immovable (a naturally mobile part, as a joint) by the use of splints, or stiffened bandages. Immoble Im*mo"ble (?), a. [Obs.] See Immobile. Immoderacy Im*mod"er*a*cy (?), n. [From Immoderate.] Immoderateness. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Immoderancy Im*mod"er*an*cy (?), n. [L. immoderantia.] Immoderateness; excess. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Immoderate Im*mod"er*ate (?), a. [L. immoderatus; pref. im- not + moderatus moderate. See Moderate.] Not moderate; exceeding just or usual and suitable bounds; excessive; extravagant; unreasonable; as, immoderate demands; immoderate grief; immoderate laughter. So every scope by the immoderate use Turns to restraint. Shak. Syn. -- Excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant; intemperate; inordinate. Immoderately Im*mod"er*ate*ly, adv. In an immoderate manner; excessively. Immoderateness Im*mod"er*ate*ness, n. The quality of being immoderate; excess; extravagance. Puller. Immoderation Im*mod`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. immoderatio: cf. F. imod\'82ration.] Want of moderation. Hallywell. Immodest Im*mod"est (?), a. [F. immodeste, L. immodestus immoderate; pref. im- not + modestus modest. See Modest.] 1. Not limited to due bounds; immoderate. 2. Not modest; wanting in the reserve or restraint which decorum and decency require; indecent; indelicate; obscene; lewd; as, immodest persons, behavior, words, pictures, etc. Immodest deeds you hinder to be wrought, But we proscribe the least immodest thought. Dryden. Syn. -- Indecorous; indelicate; shameless; shameful; impudent; indecent; impure; unchaste; lewd; obscene. Immodestly Im*mod"est*ly, adv. In an immodest manner. Immodesty Im*mod"es*ty (?), n. [L. immodestia: cf. F. immodestie.] Want of modesty, delicacy, or decent reserve; indecency. "A piece of immodesty." Pope. Immolate Im"mo*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immolating.] [L. immolatus, p. p. of immolare to sacrifice, orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrifical meal; pref. im- in + mola grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt; also, mill. See Molar, Meal ground grain.] To sacrifice; to offer in sacrifice; to kill, as a sacrificial victim. Worshipers, who not only immolate to them [the deities] the lives of men, but . . . the virtue and honor of women. Boyle. Immolation Im`mo*la"tion (?), n. [L. immolatio: cf. F. immolation.] 1. The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or sacrificed. Sir. T. Browne. 2. That which is immolated; a sacrifice. Immolator Im"mo*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who offers in sacrifice; specifically, one of a sect of Russian fanatics who practice self-mutilatio and sacrifice. Immold, Immould Im*mold", Im*mould" (?), v. t. To mold into shape, or form. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. Immoment Im*mo"ment (?), a. [See Immomentous.] Trifling. [R.] "Immoment toys." Shak. Immomentous Im`mo*men"tous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + momentous.] Not momentous; unimportant; insignificant. [R.] A. Seward. Immoral Im*mor"al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + moral: cf. F. immoral.] Not moral; inconsistent with rectitude, purity, or good morals; contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest; vicious; licentious; as, an immoral man; an immoral deed. Syn. -- Wicked; sinful; criminal; vicious; unjust; dishonest; depraved; impure; unchaste; profligate; dissolute; abandoned; licentious; lewd; obscene. Immorality Im`mo*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immoralities (#). [Cf. F. immoralit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being immoral; vice. The root of all immorality. Sir W. Temple. 2. An immoral act or practice. Luxury and sloth and then a great drove of heresies and immoralities broke loose among them. Milton. Immorally Im*mor"al*ly (?), adv. In an immoral manner; wickedly. Immorigerous Im`mo*rig"er*ous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + morigerous.] Rude; uncivil; disobedient. [Obs.] -- Im`mo*rig"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Immortal Im*mor"tal (?), a. [L. immortalis; pref. im- not + mortalis mortal: cf. F. immortel. See Mortal, and cf. Immortelle.] 1. Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever; having unlimited, or eternal, existance. Unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible. 1 Tim. i. 17. For my soul, what can it do to that, Being a thing immortal as itself? Shak. 2. Connected with, or pertaining to immortability. I have immortal longings in me. Shak. 3. Destined to live in all ages of this world; abiding; exempt from oblivion; imperishable; as, immortal fame. One of the few, immortal names, That were not born yo die. Halleck. 4. Great; excessive; grievous. [Obs.] Hayward. Immortal flowers, imortelles; everlastings. Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; never-ending; ceaseless; perpetual; continual; enduring; endless; imperishable; incorruptible; deathless; undying. Immortal Im*mor"tal (?), n. One who will never cease to be; one exempt from death, decay, or annihilation. Bunyan. Immortalist Im*mor"tal*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Immortality Im`mor*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immortalities (#). [L. immortalitas: cf. F. immortalit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being immortal; exemption from death and annihilation; unending existance; as, the immortality of the soul. This mortal must put on immortality. 1 Cor. xv. 53. 2. Exemption from oblivion; perpetuity; as, the immortality of fame. Immortalization Im*mor`tal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of immortalizing, or state of being immortalized. Immortalize Im*mor"tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immortalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immortalizing (?).] [Cf. F. immortaliser.] 1. To render immortal; to cause to live or exist forever. S. Clarke. 2. To exempt from oblivion; to perpetuate in fame. Alexander had no Homer to immortalize his quilty name. T. Dawes. Immortalize Im*mor"tal*ize, v. i. To become immortal. [R.] Immortally Im*mor"tal*ly, adv. In an immortal manner. Immortelle Im`mor*telle" (?), n.; pl. Immortelles (#). [F. See Immortal.] (Bot.) A plant with a conspicuous, dry, unwithering involucre, as the species of Antennaria, Helichrysum, Gomphrena, etc. See Everlasting. Immortification Im*mor`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Failure to mortify the passions. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Immovability Im*mov"a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being immovable; fixedness; steadfastness; as, immovability of a heavy body; immovability of purpose. Immovable Im*mov"a*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; fast; -- used of material things; as, an immovable foundatin. Immovable, infixed, and frozen round. Milton. 2. Steadfast; fixed; unalterable; unchangeable; -- used of the mind or will; as, an immovable purpose, or a man who remain immovable. 3. Not capable of being affected or moved in feeling or by sympathy; unimpressible; impassive. Dryden. 4. (Law.) Not liable to be removed; permanent in place or tenure; fixed; as, an immovable estate. See Immovable, n. Blackstone. Immovable apparatus (Med.), an appliance, like the plaster of paris bandage, which keeps fractured parts firmly in place. -- Immovable feasts (Eccl.), feasts which occur on a certain day of the year and do not depend on the date of Easter; as, Christmas, the Epiphany, etc. Immovable Im*mov"a*ble, n. 1. That which can not be moved. 2. pl. (Civil Law) Lands and things adherent thereto by nature, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and their accessories; by their destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; or by the objects to which they are applied, as servitudes. Ayliffe. Bouvier. Immovableness Im*mov"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being immovable. Immovably Im*mov"a*bly, adv. In an immovable manner. Immund Im*mund" (?), a. [L.immundus; pref. im- not + mundus clean.] Unclean. [R.] Burton. Immundicity Im`mun*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. immondicit\'82, L. immunditia, immundities.] Uncleanness; filthness. [R.] W. Montagu. Immune Im*mune" (?), a. [L. immunis. See Immunity.] Exempt; protected by inoculation. -- Im*mu"nize (#), v. t. Immunity Im*mu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Immunities (#). [L. immunitas, fr. immunis free from a public service; pref. im- not + munis complaisant, obliging, cf. munus service, duty: cf. F. immunit\'82. See Common, and cf. Mean, a.] 1. Freedom or exemption from any charge, duty, obligation, office, tax, imposition, penalty, or service; a particular privilege; as, the immunities of the free cities of Germany; the immunities of the clergy. 2. Freedom; exemption; as, immunity from error. Immure Im*mure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immuring.] [Pref. im- in + mure: cf. F. emmurer.] 1. To wall around; to surround with walls. [Obs.] Sandys. 2. To inclose whithin walls, or as within walls; hence, to shut up; to imprison; to incarcerate. Those tender babes Whom envy hath immured within your walls. Shak. This huge convex of fire, Outrageous to devour, immures us round. Milton. Immure Im*mure", n. A wall; an inclosure. [Obs.] Shak. Immurement Im*mure"ment (?), n. The act iif immuring, or the state of being immured; imprsonment. Immusical Im*mu"sic*al (?), a. Inharmonious; unmusical; discordant. Bacon. Immutability Im*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. immutabilitas: cf. F. immutabilit\'82.] The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness. Heb. vi. 17. Immutable Im*mu"ta*ble (?), a. [L. immutabilis; pref. im- not + mutabilis mutable. See Mutable.] Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change; unchangeable; unalterable. That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation. Heb. vi. 18. Immutable, immortal, infinite, Eternal King. Milton. -- Im*mu"ta*ble*ness, n. -- Im*mu"ta*bly, adv. _________________________________________________________________ Page 733 Immutate Im*mu"tate (?), a. [L. immutatus, p. p. of immature.] Unchanged. [Obs.] Immutation Im"mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. immutatio, from immutare, immutatum, to change. See Immute.] Change; alteration; mutation. [R.] Dr. H. More. Immute Im*mute" (?), v. t. [L. immutare, immutatum; perf. im- in + mutare to change : cf. OF. immuter.] To change or alter. [Obs.] J. Salkeld. Imp Imp (?), n. [OE. imp a graft, AS. impa; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ymp, prob. fr. LL. impotus, Gr. be. See 1st In-, Be.] 1. A shoot; a scion; a bud; a slip; a graft. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. An offspring; progeny; child; scion. [Obs.] The tender imp was weaned. Fairfax. 3. A young or inferior devil; a little, malignant spirit; a puny demon; a contemptible evil worker. To mingle in the clamorous fray Of squabbling imps. Beattie. 4. Something added to, or united with, another, to lengthen it out or repair it, -- as, an addition to a beehive; a feather inserted in a broken wing of a bird; a length of twisted hair in a fishing line. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Imp Imp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imping.] [AS. impian to imp, ingraft, plant; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ympa, OHG. impf\'d3n, impit\'d3n, G. impfen. See Imp, n.] 1. To graft; to insert as a scion. [Obs.] Rom. of R. 2. (Falconry) To graft with new feathers, as a wing; to splice a broken feather. Hence, Fig.: To repair; to extend; to increase; to strengthen to equip. [Archaic] Imp out our drooping country's broken wing. Shak. Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes. Fuller. Here no frail Muse shall imp her crippled wing. Holmes. Help, ye tart satirists, to imp my rage With all the scorpions that should whip this age. Cleveland. Impacable Im*pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + pacare to quiet. See Pacate.] Not to be appeased or quieted. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Im*pa"ca*bly, adv. Impackment Im*pack"ment (?), n. [Pref. im- in + pack.] The state of being closely surrounded, crowded, or pressed, as by ice. [R.] Kane. Impact Im*pact" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impacting.] [L. impactus, p. p. of impingere to push, strike against. See Impinge.] To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a place. Woodward. Impact Im"pact (?), n. 1. Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force communicated. The quarrel, by that impact driven. Southey. 2. (Mech.) The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest. Impacted Im*pact"ed (?), a. Driven together or close. Impacted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the fragments are driven into each other so as to be immovable. Impaction Im*pac"tion (?), n. [L. impactio a striking : cf. F. impaction.] 1. (Surg.) The driving of one fragment of bone into another so that the fragments are not movable upon each other; as, impaction of the skull or of the hip. 2. An immovable packing; (Med.), a lodgment of something in a strait or passage of the body; as, impaction of the fetal head in the strait of the pelvis; impaction of food or feces in the intestines of man or beast. Impaint Im*paint" (?), v. t. To paint; to adorn with colors. [R.] "To impaint his cause." Shak. Impair Im*pair" (?), v. t. [imp & p. p. Impaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impairing.] [Written also empair.] [OE. empeiren, enpeiren, OF. empeirier, empirier, F. empirer, LL. impejorare; L. pref. im- in + pejorare to make worse, fr. pejor worse. Cf. Appair.] To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excellence, or strength; to deteriorate; as, to impair health, character, the mind, value. Time sensibly all things impairs. Roscommon. In years he seemed, but not impaired by years. Pope. Syn. -- To diminish; decrease; injure; weaken; enfeeble; debilitate; reduce; debase; deteriorate. Impair Im*pair", v. t. To grow worse; to deteriorate. Milton. Impair Im"pair (?), a. [F. impair uneven, L. impar; im- not + par equal.] Not fit or appropriate. [Obs.] Impair Im*pair" (?), n. Diminution; injury. [Obs.] Impairer Im*pair"er (?), n. One who, or that which, impairs. Impairment Im*pair"ment (?), n. [OE. enpeirement, OF. empirement.] The state of being impaired; injury. "The impairment of my health." Dryden. Impalatable Im*pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. Unpalatable. [R.] Impale Im*pale" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impaling.] [See 2d Empale.] 1. To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake. See Empale. Then with what life remains, impaled, and left To writhe at leisure round the bloody stake. Addison. 2. To inclose, as with pales or stakes; to surround. Impale him with your weapons round about. Shak. Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire. Milton. 3. (Her.) To join, as two coats of arms on one shield, palewise; hence, to join in honorable mention. Ordered the admission of St. Patrick to the same to be matched and impaled with the blessed Virgin in the honor thereof. Fuller. Impalement Im*pale"ment (?), n. 1. The act of impaling, or the state of being impaled. Byron. 2. An inclosing by stakes or pales, or the space so inclosed. H. Brooke. 3. That which hedges in; inclosure. [R.] Milton. 4. (Her.) The division of a shield palewise, or by a vertical line, esp. for the purpose of putting side by side the arms of husband and wife. See Impale, 3. Impalla Im*pal"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pallah deer of South Africa. Impallid Im*pal"lid (?), v. t. To make pallid; to blanch. [Obs.] Feltham. Impalm Im*palm" (?), v. t. To grasp with or hold in the hand. [R.] J. Barlow. Impalpability Im*pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impalpabilit\'82.] The quality of being impalpable. Jortin. Impalpable Im*pal"pa*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + palpable: cf. F. impalpable.] 1. Not palpable; that cannot be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be perceived by touch. "Impalpable powder." Boyle. 2. Not material; intangible; incorporeal. "Impalpable, void, and bodiless." Holland. 3. Not apprehensible, or readily apprehensible, by the mind; unreal; as, impalpable distinctions. Impalpably Im*pal"pa*bly, adv. In an impalpable manner. Impalsy Im*pal"sy (?), v. t. To palsy; to paralyze; to deaden. [R.] Impanate Im*pa"nate (?), a. [LL. impanatus, p. p. of impanare to impanate; L. pref. im- in + panis bread.] Embodied in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.] Cranmer. Impanate Im*pa"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impanated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impanating.] To embody in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.] Impanation Im"pa*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. impanation. See Impanate, a.] (Eccl.) Embodiment in bread; the supposed real presence and union of Christ's material body and blood with the substance of the elements of the eucharist without a change in their nature; -- distinguished from transubstantiation, which supposes a miraculous change of the substance of the elements. It is akin to consubstantiation. Impanator Im*pa"na*tor (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) One who holds the doctrine of impanation. Impanel Im*pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaneled (?) or Impanelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impaneling or Impanelling.] [Pref. im- in + panel. Cf. Empanel.] [Written also empanel.] To enter in a list, or on a piece of parchment, called a panel; to form or enroll, as a list of jurors in a court of justice. Blackstone. Impanelment Im*pan"el*ment (?), n. The act or process of impaneling, or the state of being impaneled. Imparadise Im*par"a*dise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparadised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imparadising (?).] [Pref. im- + paradise: cf. F. emparadiser.] To put in a state like paradise; to make supremely happy. "Imparadised in one another's arms." Milton. Imparalleled Im*par"al*leled (?), a. Unparalleled. [Obs.] Impardonable Im*par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impardonnable.] Unpardonable. [Obs.] South. Imparidigitate Im*par`i*dig"i*tate (?), a. [L. impar unequal + digitus finger.] (Anat.) Having an odd number of fingers or toes, either one, three, or five, as in the horse, tapir, rhinoceros, etc. Imperipinnate Im*per"i*pin"nate (?), a. [L. impar unequal + E. pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with a single terminal leaflet. Imparisyllabic Im*par"i*syl*lab"ic (?), a. [L. impar unequal + E. syllabic: cf. F. imparisyllabique.] (Gram.) Not consisting of an equal number of syllables; as, an imparisyllabic noun, one which has not the same number of syllables in all the cases; as, lapis, lapidis; mens, mentis. Imparity Im*par"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- + parity: cf. F. imparit\'82.] 1. Inequality; disparity; disproportion; difference of degree, rank, excellence, number, etc. Milton. 2. Lack of comparison, correspondence, or suitableness; incongruity. In this region of merely intellectual notion we are at once encountered by the imparity of the object and the faculty employed upon it. I. Taylor. 3. Indivisibility into equal parts; oddness. [R.] Impark Im*park" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparked (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Imparking.] [Cf. Empark.] To inclose for a park; to sever from a common; hence, to inclose or shut up. They . . . impark them [the sheep] within hurdles. Holland. Imparl Im*parl" (?), v. i. [OF. emparler; pref. em- (L. in) + parler to speak. See In, prep., and Parley.] 1. To hold discourse; to parley. [Obs.] Sir. T. North. 2. (Law) To have time before pleading; to have delay for mutual adjustment. Blackstone. Imparlance Im*par"lance (?), n. [Cf. Emparlance, Parlance.] [Written also inparliance.] 1. Mutual discourse; conference. [Obs.] 2. (Law) (a) Time given to a party to talk or converse with his opponent, originally with the object of effecting, if possible, an amicable adjustment of the suit. The actual object, however, has long been merely to obtain further time to plead, answer to the allegations of the opposite party. (b) Hence, the delay or continuance of a suit. NOTE: &hand; Im parlance an d co ntinuance by imparlance have been abolished in England. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Imparsonee Im*par`son*ee" (?), a. [OF. empersone. See 1st In-, and Parson.] (Eng. Eccl. Law) Presented, instituted, and inducted into a rectory, and in full possession. -- n. A clergyman so inducted. Impart Im*part" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imparting.] [OF. impartir, empartir, L. impartire, impertire; pref. im- in + partire to part, divide, fr. pars, partis, part, share. See Part, n. ] 1. To bestow a share or portion of; to give, grant, or communicate; to allow another to partake in; as, to impart food to the poor; the sun imparts warmth. Well may he then to you his cares impart. Dryden. 2. To obtain a share of; to partake of. [R.] Munday. 3. To communicate the knowledge of; to make known; to show by words or tokens; to tell; to disclose. Gentle lady, When I did first impart my love to you. Shak. Syn. -- To share; yield; confer; convey; grant; give; reveal; disclose; discover; divulge. See Communicate. Impart Im*part" (?), v. i. 1. To give a part or share. He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none. Luke iii. 11. 2. To hold a conference or consultation. Blackstone. Impartance Im*part"ance (?), n. Impartation. Impartation Im`par*ta"tion (?), n. The act of imparting, or the thing imparted. The necessity of this impartation. I. Taylor. Imparter Im*part"er (?), n. One who imparts. Impartial Im*par"tial (?), a. [Pref. im- not + partial: cf. F. impartial.] Not partial; not favoring one more than another; treating all alike; unprejudiced; unbiased; disinterested; equitable; fair; just. Shak. Jove is impartial, and to both the same. Dryden. A comprehensive and impartial view. Macaulay. Impartialist Im*par"tial*ist, n. One who is impartial. [R.] Boyle. Impartiality Im*par`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impartialit\'82.] The quality of being impartial; freedom from bias or favoritism; disinterestedness; equitableness; fairness; as, impartiality of judgment, of treatment, etc. Impartiality strips the mind of prejudice and passion. South. Impartially Im*par"tial*ly (?), a. In an impartial manner. Impartialness Im*par"tial*ness, n. Impartiality. Sir W. Temple. Impartibility Im*part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impartible; communicability. Blackstone. Impartibility Im*part`i*bil"i*ty, n. [Cf. F. impartibilit\'82.] The quality of being incapable of division into parts; indivisibility. Holland. Impartible Im*part"i*ble (?), a. [From Impart.] Capable of being imparted or communicated. Impartible Im*part"i*ble, a. [Pref. im- not + partible: cf. F. impartible.] Not partible; not subject to partition; indivisible; as, an impartible estate. Blackatone. Impartment Im*part"ment (?), n. The act of imparting, or that which is imparted, communicated, or disclosed. [R.] It beckons you to go away with it, As if it some impartment did desire To you alone. Shak. Impassable Im*pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. Unpassable.] Incapable of being passed; not admitting a passage; as, an impassable road, mountain, or gulf. Milton. -- Im*pass"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*pass"a*bly, adv. Impassibility Im*pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), a. [L. impassibilitas: cf. F. impassibilit\'82.] The quality or condition of being impassible; insusceptibility of injury from external things. Impassible Im*pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. impassibilis; pref. im- not + passibilis passable: cf. F. impassible. See Passible.] Incapable of suffering; inaccessible to harm or pain; not to be touched or moved to passion or sympathy; unfeeling, or not showing feeling; without sensation. "Impassible to the critic." Sir W. Scott. Secure of death, I should contemn thy dart Though naked, and impassible depart. Dryden. Impassibleness Im*pas"si*ble*ness, n. Impassibility. Impassion Im*pas"sion (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + passion. Cf. Empassion, Impassionate, v.] To move or affect strongly with passion. [Archaic] Chapman. Impassionable Im*pas"sion*a*ble (?), a. Excitable; susceptible of strong emotion. Impassionate Im*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Strongly affected. Smart. Impassionate Im*pas"sion*ate (?), v. t. To affect powerfully; to arouse the passions of. Dr. H. More. Impassionate Im*pas"sion*ate (?), a. [Pref. im- not + passionate.] Without passion or feeling. Burton. Impassioned Im*pas"sioned (?), p. p. & a. Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited; as, an impassioned orator or discourse. Impassive Im*pas"sive (?), a. Not susceptible of pain or suffering; apathetic; impassible; unmoved. Impassive as the marble in the quarry. De Quincey. On the impassive ice the lightings play. Pope. -- Im*pas"sive*ly, adv. -- Im*pas"sive*ness, n. Impassivity Im`pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain, or suffering; impassiveness. Impastation Im`pas*ta"tion (?), n. [F. See Impaste.] The act of making into paste; that which is formed into a paste or mixture; specifically, a combination of different substances by means of cements. Impaste Im*paste" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impasting.] [Pref. im- in + paste: cf. It. impastare, OF. empaster, F. emp\'83ter. See 1st In- and Paste.] 1. To knead; to make into paste; to concrete. "Blood . . . baked and impasted." Shak. 2. (Paint.) To lay color on canvas by uniting them skillfully together. [R.] Cf. Impasto. Impasting Im*past"ing, (Paint.) The laying on of colors to produce impasto. Impasto Im*pas"to (?), n. [It. See Impaste.] (Paint.) The thickness of the layer or body of pigment applied by the painter to his canvas with especial reference to the juxtaposition of different colors and tints in forming a harmonious whole. Fairholt. Impasture Im*pas"ture (?), v. t. To place in a pasture; to foster. [R.] T. Adams. Impatible Im*pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. impatibilis; pref. im- not + patibilis supportable. See Patible.] 1. Not capable of being borne; impassible. A spirit, and so impatible of material fire. Fuller. Impatience Im*pa"tience (?) n. [OE. impacience, F. impatience, fr. L. impatientia.] The quality of being impatient; want of endurance of pain, suffering, opposition, or delay; eagerness for change, or for something expected; restlessness; chafing of spirit; fretfulness; passion; as, the impatience of a child or an invalid. I then, . . . Out of my grief and my impatience, Answered neglectingly. Shak. With huge impatience he inly swelt More for great sorrow that he could not pass, Than for the burning torment which he felt. Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 734 Impatiency Im*pa"tien*cy (?), n. Impatience. [Obs.] Impatiens Im*pa"ti*ens (?), n. [L., impatient.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, several species of which have very beautiful flowers; -- so called because the elastic capsules burst when touched, and scatter the seeds with considerable force. Called also touch-me-not, jewelweed, and snapweed. I. Balsamina (sometimes called lady's slipper) is the common garden balsam. Impatient Im*pa"tient (?), a. [OE. impacient, F. impatient, fr. L. impatiens; pref. im- not + patiens patient. See Patient.] 1. Not patient; not bearing with composure; intolerant; uneasy; fretful; restless, because of pain, delay, or opposition; eager for change, or for something expected; hasty; passionate; -- often followed by at, for, of, and under. A violent, sudden, and impatient necessity. Jer. Taylor. Fame, impatient of extremes, decays Not more by envy than excess of praise. Pope. The impatient man will not give himself time to be informed of the matter that lies before him. Addison. Dryden was poor and impatient of poverty. Macaulay. 2. Not to be borne; unendurable. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. Prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience; as, impatient speeches or replies. Shak. Syn. -- Restless; uneasy; changeable; hot; eager; fretful; intolerant; passionate. Impatient Im*pa"tient, n. One who is impatient. [R.] Impatiently Im*pa"tient*ly, adv. In an impatient manner. Impatronization Im*pat`ron*i*za"tion (?), n. Absolute seignory or possession; the act of investing with such possession. [R.] Cotgrave. Impatronize Im*pat"ron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impatronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impatronizing (?).] To make lord or master; as, to impatronize one's self of a seigniory. [R.] Bacon. Impave Im*pave" (?), v. t. To pave. [Poetic] Impaved with rude fidelity Of art mosaic. Wordsworth. Impavid Im*pav"id (?), a. [L. impavidus. See In- not, and Pavid.] Fearless. -- Im*pav"id*ly, adv. Impawn Im*pawn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impawning.] [Pref. im- + pawn: cf. Empawn.] To put in pawn; to pledge. Shak. Impeach Im*peach" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impeaching.] [OE. empeechier to prevent, hinder, bar, F. emp\'88cher, L. impedicare to entangle; pref. im- in + pedica fetter, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and Appeach, Dispatch, Impede.] 1. To hinder; to impede; to prevent. [Obs.] These ungracious practices of his sons did impeach his journey to the Holy Land. Sir J. Davies. A defluxion on my throat impeached my utterance. Howell. 2. To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; to accuse; especially to charge (a public officer), before a competent tribunal, with misbehavior in office; to cite before a tribunal for judgement of official misconduct; to arraign; as, to impeach a judge. See Impeachment. 3. Hence, to charge with impropriety; to dishonor; to bring discredit on; to call in question; as, to impeach one's motives or conduct. And doth impeach the freedom of the state. Shak. 4. (Law) To challenge or discredit the credibility of, as of a witness, or the validity of, as of commercial paper. NOTE: &hand; When used in law with reference to a witness, the term signifies, to discredit, to show or prove unreliable or unworthy of belief; when used in reference to the credit of witness, the term denotes, to impair, to lessen, to disparage, to destroy. The credit of a witness may be impeached by showing that he has made statements out of court contradictory to what he swears at the trial, or by showing that his reputation for veracity is bad, etc. Syn. -- To accuse; arraign; censure; criminate; indict; impair; disparage; discredit. See Accuse. Impeach Im*peach", n. Hindrance; impeachment. [Obs.] Impeachable Im*peach"a*ble (?), a. That may be impeached; liable to impeachment; chargeable with a crime. Owners of lands in fee simple are not impeachable for waste. Z. Swift. Impeacher Im*peach"er (?), n. One who impeaches. Impeachment Im*peach"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. emp\'88chement.] The act of impeaching, or the state of being impeached; as: (a) Hindrance; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.] Willing to march on to Calais, Without impeachment. Shak. (b) A calling to account; arraignment; especially, of a public officer for maladministration. The consequence of Coriolanus' impeachment had like to have been fatal to their state. Swift. (c) A calling in question as to purity of motives, rectitude of conduct, credibility, etc.; accusation; reproach; as, an impeachment of motives. Shak. NOTE: &hand; In England, it is the privilege or right of the House of Commons to impeach, and the right of the House of Lords to try and determine impeachments. In the United States, it is the right of the House of Representatives to impeach, and of the Senate to try and determine impeachments. Articles of impeachment. See under Article. -- Impeachment of waste (Law), restraint from, or accountability for, injury; also, a suit for damages for injury. Abbott. Impearl Im*pearl" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impearled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impearling.] [Pref. im- in + pearl: cf. F. emperler.] 1. To form into pearls, or into that which resembles pearls. [Poetic] Dewdrops which the sun Impearls on every leaf and every flower. Milton. 2. To decorate as with pearls or with anything resembling pearls. [Poetic] With morning dews impearled. Mrs. Browning. The dews of the morning impearl every thorn. R. Digby. Impeccability Im*pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impeccabilit\'82.] the quality of being impeccable; exemption from sin, error, or offense. Infallibility and impeccability are two of his attributes. Pope. Impeccable Im*pec"ca*ble (?), a. [L. impeccabilis; pref. im- not + peccare to err, to sin: cf. F. impeccable.] Not liable to sin; exempt from the possibility of doing wrong. -- n. One who is impeccable; esp., one of a sect of Gnostic heretics who asserted their sinlessness. God is infallible, impeccable, and absolutely perfect. P. Skelton. Impeccancy Im*pec"can*cy (?), n. Sinlessness. Bp. Hall. Impeccant Im*pec"cant (?), a. Sinless; impeccable. Byron. Impecuniosity Im`pe*cu`ni*os"i*ty (?), n. The state of being impecunious. Thackeray. Sir W. Scott. Impecunious Im"pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L. im- not + pecunia money: cf. F. imp\'82cunieux.] Not having money; habitually without money; poor. An impecunious creature. B. Jonson. Impede Im*pede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impeding.] [L. impedire, lit., to entangle the feet; pref. im- in + pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Impeach.] To hinder; to stop in progress; to obstruct; as, to impede the advance of troops. Whatever hinders or impedes The action of the nobler will. Logfellow. Impedible Im*ped"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being impeded or hindered. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Impediment Im*ped"i*ment (?), n. [L. impedimentum: cf. F. impediment.] That which impedes or hinders progress, motion, activity, or effect. Thus far into the bowels of the land Have we marched on without impediment. Shak. Impediment in speech, a defect which prevents distinct utterance. Syn. -- Hindrance; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; incumbrance. -- Impediment, Obstacle, Difficulty, Hindrance. An impediment literally strikes against our feet, checking our progress, and we remove it. An obstacle rises before us in our path, and we surmount or remove it. A difficulty sets before us something hard to be done, and we encounter it and overcome it. A hindrance holds us back for a time, but we break away from it. The eloquence of Demosthenes was to Philip of Macedon, a difficulty to be met with his best recources, ant obstacle to his own ambition, and an impedimen in his political career. C. J. Smith. Impediment Im*ped"i*ment, v. t. To impede. [R.] Bp. Reynolds. Impedimental Im*ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of the nature of an impediment; hindering; obstructing; impeditive. Things so impediental to success. G. H. Lewes. Impedite Im"pe*dite (?), a. [L. impeditus, p. p. See Impede.] Hindered; obstructed. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Impedite Im"pe*dite, v. t. To impede. [Obs.] Boyle. Impedition Im"pe*di"tion (?), n. [L. impeditio.] A hindering; a hindrance. [Obs.] Baxier. Impeditive Im*ped"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. imp\'82ditif.] Causing hindrance; impeding. "Cumbersome, and impeditive of motion." Bp. Hall. Impel Im*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impelling.] [L. impellere; pref. im- in + pellere, pulsum, to drive. See Pulse a beat, and cf. Impulse.] To drive or urge forward or on; to press on; to incite to action or motion in any way. The surge impelled me on a craggy coast. Pope. Syn. -- To instigate; incite; induce; influence; force; drive; urge; actuate; move. Impellent Im*pel"lent (?), a. [L. impellens, p. pr. of impellere.] Having the quality of impelling. Impellent Im*pel"lent, n. An impelling power or force. Glanvill. Impeller Im*pel"ler (?), n. One who, or that which, impels. Impen Im*pen" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impenned (?) and Impent (; p. pr. & vb. n. Impenning.] To shut up or inclose, as in a pen. Feltham. Impend Im*pend" (?), v. t. [L. impend; pref. im- in + pend to weigh out, pay.] To pay. [Obs.] Fabyan. Impend Im*pend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Impended; p. pr. & vb. n. Impending.] [L. impend\'c7re; pref. im- in + pend\'c7re to hang. See Pendant.] To hang over; to be suspended above; to threaten frome near at hand; to menace; to be imminent. See Imminent. Destruction sure o'er all your heads impends. Pope. Impendence, Impendency Im*pend"ence (?), Im*pend"en*cy (?), n. The state of impending; also, that which impends. "Impendence of volcanic cloud." Ruskin. Impendent Im*pend"ent (?), a. [L. impendens, p. pr. of impend\'c7re.] Impending; threatening. Impendent horrors, threatening hideous fall. Milton. Impending Im*pend"ing, a. Hanging over; overhanging; suspended so as to menace; imminet; threatening. An impending brow. Hawthorne. And nodding Ilion waits th' impending fall. Pope. Syn. -- Imminent; threatening. See Imminent. Impenetrability Im*pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imp\'82n\'82trabilit\'82.] 1. Quality of being impenetrable. 2. (Physics) That property in virtue of which two portions of matter can not at the same time occupy the same portion of space. 3. Insusceptibility of intellectual or emotional impression; obtuseness; stupidity; coldness. Impenetrable Im*pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L. impenetrabilis; pref. im- not + penetrabilis penetrable: cf. F. imp\'82n\'82trable.] 1. Incapable of being penetrated or pierced; not admitting the passage of other bodies; not to be entered; impervious; as, an impenetrable shield. Highest woods impenetrable To star or sunlight. Milton. 2. (Physics) Having the property of preventing any other substance from occupying the same space at the same time. 3. Inaccessible, as to knowledge, reason, sympathy, etc.; unimpressible; not to be moved by arguments or motives; as, an impenetrable mind, or heart. They will be credulous in all affairs of life, but impenetrable by a sermon of the gospel. Jer. Taylor. Impenetrableness Im*pen"e*tra*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being impenetrable; impenetrability. Impenetrably Im*pen"e*tra*bly, adv. In an impenetrable manner or state; imperviously. "Impenetrably armed." Milton. "Impenetrably dull." Pope. Impenitence Im*pen"i*tence (?), n. [L. impenitentia: cf. F. imp\'82nitence.] The condition of being impenitent; failure or refusal to repent; hardness of heart. He will advance from one degree of wickedness and impenitence to another. Rogers. Impenitency Im*pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Impenitence. Milton. Impenitent Im*pen"i*tent (?), a. [L. impaenitens; pref. im- not + paenitens penitens: cf. F. imp\'82nitent. See Penitent.] Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; of a hard heart. "They . . . died impenitent." Milton. "A careless and impenitent heart." Bp. Hall. Impenitent Im*pen"i*tent, n. One who is not penitent. [R.] Impenitently Im*pen"i*tent*ly, adv. Without repentance. Impennate Im*pen"nate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Characterized by short wings covered with feathers resembling scales, as the penguins. -- n. One of the Impennes. Impennes Im*pen"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pref. im- not + penna feather.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including only the penguins, in which the wings are without quills, and not suited for flight. Impennous Im*pen"nous (?) a. [L. pref. im- not + penna wing.] (Zo\'94l.) Having no wings, as some insects. Impeople Im*peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeopled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impeopling (?).] [See Empeople.] To people; to give a population to. [Obs.] Thou hast helped to impeople hell. Beaumont. Imperant Im"pe*rant (?), a. [L. imperans, p. pr. of imperare to command.] Commanding. [R.] Baxter. Imperate Im"pe*rate (?), a. [L. imperatus, p. p. of imperare to command.] Done by express direction; not involuntary; communded. [Obs.] Those imperate acts, wherein we see the empire of the soul. Sir M. Hale. Imperatival Im*per`a*ti"val (?), a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the imperative mood. Imperative Im*per"a*tive (?), a. [L. imperativus, fr. imperare to command; pref. im- in + parare to make ready, prepare: cf. F. imp\'82ratif. See Perade, and cf. Empire.] 1. Expressive of command; containing positive command; authoritatively or absolutely directive; commanding; authoritative; as, imperative orders. The suit of kings are imperative. Bp. Hall. 2. Not to be avoided or evaded; obligatory; binding; compulsory; as, an imperative duty or order. 3. (Gram.) Expressive of commund, entreaty, advice, or exhortation; as, the imperative mood. Imperative Im*per"a*tive, n. (Gram.) The imperative mood; also, a verb in the imperative mood. Imperatively Im*per"a*tive*ly, adv. In an imperative manner. Imperator Im`pe*ra"tor (?), n. [L. See Emperor.] (Rom. Antiq.) A commander; a leader; an emperor; -- originally an appellation of honor by which Roman soldiers saluted their general after an important victory. Subsequently the title was conferred as a recognition of great military achievements by the senate, whence it carried wiht it some special privileges. After the downfall of the Republic it was assumed by Augustus and his successors, and came to have the meaning now attached to the word emperor. Imperatorial Im*per`a*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. imperatorius.] 1. Commanding; imperative; authoritative. 2. Of or pertaining to the title or office of imperator. "Imperatorial laurels." C. Merivale. Imperatorian Im*per`a*to"ri*an (?), a. Imperial. [R.] Gauden. Imperatory Im*per"a*to*ry (?), a. Imperative. [R.] Imperceivable Im`per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Imperceptible. [R.] South. -- Im`per*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. Sharp. Imperceived Im`per*ceived" (?), a. Not perceived. [Obs.] Imperceptibility Im`per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperceptible. Imperceptible Im`per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + perceptible: cf. F. imperceptible.] Not perceptible; not to be apprehended or cognized by the souses; not discernible by the mind; not easily apprehended. Almost imperceptible to the touch. Dryden. Its operation is slow, and in some cases almost imperceptible. Burke. -- Im`per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Im`per*cep"ti*bly, adv. Their . . . subility and imperceptibleness. Sir M. Hale. Imperception Im`per*cep"tion (?), n. Want of perception. Imperceptive Im`per*cep"tive (?), a. Unable to perceive. The imperceptive part of the soul. Dr. H. More. Impercipient Im`per*cip"i*ent (?), a. Not perceiving, or not able to perceive. A. Baxter. Imperdibility Im*per`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperdible. [Obs.] Derham. Imperdible Im*per"di*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + L. perdere to destroy.] Not destructible. [Obs.] -- Im*per"di*bly, adv. [Obs.] Imperfect Im*per"fect (?), a. [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not + perfectus perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See Perfect.] 1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a part; deective; deficient. Something he left imperfect in the state. Shak. Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect. Shak. 2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to successful or normal activity. He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed, imperfect person. Jer. Taylor. 3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste or conscience; esthetically or morally defective. Nothing imperfect or deficient left Of all that he created. Milton. Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault; Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought. Pope. Imperfect arch, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew arch. -- Imperfect cadence (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic, but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving complete rest; a half close. -- Imperfect consonances (Mus.), chords like the third and sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the fifth and forth. -- Imperfect flower (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or pistils. Gray. -- Imperfect interval (Mus.), one a semitone less than perfect; as, an imperfect fifth. -- Imperfect number (Math.), a number either greater or less than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case, it is called also a defective number; in the latter, an abundant number. -- Imperfect obligations (Law), obligations as of charity or gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law. -- Imperfect power (Math.), a number which can not be produced by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus, 9 is a perfect square, but an imperfect cube. -- Imperfect tense (Gram), a tense expressing past time and incomplete action. _________________________________________________________________ Page 735 Imperfect Im*per"fect (?), n. (Gram.) The imperfect tense; or the form of a verb denoting the imperfect tense. Imperfect Im*per"fect, v. t. To make imperfect. [Obs.] Imperfectibility Im`per*fec`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperfectible. [R.] Imperfectible Im`per*fec"ti*ble (?), a. Incapable of being mad perfect. [R.] Imperfection Im`per*fec"tion (?), n. [L. imperfectio: cf. F. imperfection. See Imperfect, a.] The quality or condition of being imperfect; want of perfection; incompleteness; deficiency; fault or blemish. Sent to my account With all my imperfections on my head. Shak. Syn. -- Defect; deficiency; incompleteness; fault; failing; weakness; frailty; foible; blemish; vice. Imperfectness Im*per"fect*ness, n. The state of being imperfect. Imperforable Im*per"fo*ra*ble (?), a. [See Imperforate.] Incapable of being perforated, or bored through. Imperforata Im*per"fo*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Imperforate.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Foraminifera, including those in which the shell is not porous. Imperforate, Imperforated Im*per"fo*rate (?), Im*per"fo*ra"ted (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + perforatus, p. p. of perforate to perforate. See Perforate.] Not perforated; having no opening or aperture. Sir J. Banks. Imperforation Im*per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imperforation.] The state of being without perforation. Imperial Im*pe"ri*al (?), a. [OE. emperial, OF. emperial, F. imp\'82rial, fr. L. imperialis, fr. imperium command, sovereignty, empire. See Empire.] 1. Of or pertaining to an empire, or to an emperor; as, an imperial government; imperial authority or edict. The last That wore the imperial diadem of Rome. Shak. 2. Belonging to, or suitable to, supreme authority, or one who wields it; royal; sovereign; supreme. "The imperial democracy of Athens." Mitford. Who, as Ulysses says, opinion crowns With an imperial voice. Shak. To tame the proud, the fetter'd slave to free, These are imperial arts, and worthy thee. Dryden. He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E. Everett. 3. Of superior or unusual size or excellence; as, imperial paper; imperial tea, etc. Imperial bushel, gallon, etc. See Bushel, Gallon, etc. -- Imperial chamber, the, the sovereign court of the old German empire. -- Imperial city, under the first German empire, a city having no head but the emperor. -- Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of the German empire. -- Imperial drill. (Manuf.) See under 8th Drill. -- Imperial eagle. (Zo\'94l.) See Eagle. -- Imperial green. See Paris green, under Green. -- Imperial guard, the royal guard instituted by Napoleon I. -- Imperial weights and measures, the standards legalized by the British Parliament. Imperial Im*pe"ri*al, n. [F. imp\'82riale: cf. Sp. imperial.] 1. The tuft of hair on a man's lower lip and chin; -- so called from the style of beard of Napoleon III. 2. An outside seat on a diligence. T. Hughes. 3. A luggage case on the top of a coach. Simmonds. 4. Anything of unusual size or excellence, as a large decanter, a kind of large photograph, a large sheet of drowing, printing, or writing paper, etc. 5. A gold coin of Russia worth ten rubles, or about eight dollars. McElrath. 6. A kind of fine cloth brought into England from Greece. or other Eastern countries, in the Middle Ages. Imperialism Im*pe"ri*al*ism (?), n. The power or character of an emperor; imperial authority; the spirit of empire. Roman imperialism had divided the world. C. H. Pearson. Imperialist Im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. imp\'82rialiste.] One who serves an emperor; one who favors imperialism. Imperiality Im*pe`ri*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Imperialities (. 1. Imperial power. 2. An imperial right or privilegs. See Royalty. The late empress having, by ukases of grace, relinquished her imperialities on the private mines, viz., the tenths of the copper, iron, silver and gold. W. Tooke. Imperialize Im*pe"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imperializing (?).] To invest with imperial authority, character, or style; to bring to the form of an empire. Fuller. Imperially Im*pe"ri*al*ly, adv. In an imperial manner. Imperially Im*pe"ri*al*ly (?), n. Imperial power. [R.] Sheldon. Imperil Im*per"il (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperiled (?) or Imperilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Imperiling or Imperilling.] To bring into peril; to endanger. Imperilment Im*per"il*ment (?), n. The act of imperiling, or the state of being imperiled. Imperious Im*pe"ri*ous (?), a. [L. imperiosus: cf. F. imp\'82rieux. See Imperial.] 1. Commanding; ascendant; imperial; lordly; majestic. [Obs.] "A vast and imperious mind." Tilloison. Therefore, great lords, be, as your titles witness, Imperious. Shak. 2. Haughly; arrogant; overbearing; as, an imperious tyrant; an imperious manner. This imperious man will work us all From princes into pages. Shak. His bold, contemptuous, and imperious spirit soon made him conspicuous. Macaulay. 3. Imperative; urgent; compelling. Imperious need, which can not be withstood. Dryden. Syn. -- Dictatorial; haughty; domineering; overbearing; lordly; tyrannical; despotic; arrogant; imperative; authoritative; commanding; pressing. -- Imperious, Lordly, Domineering. One who is imperious exercises his authority in a manner highly offensive for its spirit and tone; one who is lordly assumes a lofty air in order to display his importance; one who is domineering gives orders in a way to make other feel their inferiority. Imperiously Im*pe"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an imperious manner. Imperriousnes Im*per"ri*ous*nes, n. The quality or state of being imperious; arrogance; haughtiness. Imperiousness and severity is but an ill way of treating men who have reason of their own to guide them. Locke. Imperishability Im*per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imperishable: indstructibility. "The imperishability of the universe." Milman. Imperishable Im*per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + perishable: cf. F. imp\'82rissable.] Not perisha ble; not subject to decay; indestructible; enduringpermanently; as, an imperishable monument; imperishable renown. -- Im*per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*per"ish*a*bly, adv. Imperiwigged Im*per"i"wigged (?), a. Wearing a periwig. Impermanence, Impermanency Im*per"ma*nence (?), Im*per"ma*nen*cy (?), n. Want of permanence. Impermanent Im*per"ma*nent (?), a. Not permanent. Impermeability Im*per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + permeability: cf. F. imperm\'82abilit\'82.] The quality of being impermeable. Impermeable Im*per"me*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + permeable: cf. F. imperm\'82able, L. impermeabilis.] Not permeable; not permitting passage, as of a fluid. through its substance; impervious; impenetrable; as, India rubber is impermeable to water and to air. -- Im*per"me*a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*per"me*a*bly, adv. Impermissible Im`per*mis"si*ble (?), a. Not permissible. Imperscrutable Im`per*scru"ta*ble (?), a. [L. imperscrutabilis.] Not capable of being searched out; inscrutable. [Obs.] -- Im`per*scru"ta*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] Imperseverant Im`per*sev"er*ant (?), a. Not persevering; fickle; thoughtless. [Obs.] Impersonal Im*per"son*al (?), a. [L. impersonalis; pref. im- not + personalis personal: cf. F. impersonnel. See Personal.] Not personal; not representing a person; not having personality. An almighty but impersonal power, called Fate. Sir J. Stephen. Impersonal verb (Gram.), a verb used with an indeterminate subject, commonly, in English, with the impersonal pronoun it; as, it rains; it snows; methinks (it seems to me). Many verbs which are not strictly impersonal are often used impersonally; as, it goes well with him. Impersonal Im*per"son*al, n. That which wants personality; specifically (Gram.), an impersonal verb. Impersonality Im*per`son*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impersonal; want or absence of personality. Impersonally Im*per"son*al*ly (?), adv. In an impersonal manner. Impersonate Im*per"son*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impersonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impersonating.] 1. To invest with personality; to endow with the form of a living being. 2. To ascribe the qualities of a person to; to personify. 3. To assume, or to represent, the person or character of; to personate; as, he impersonated Macbeth. Benedict impersonated his age. Milman. Impersonation, Impersonification Im*per`son*a"tion (?), Im`per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of impersonating; personification; investment with personality; representation in a personal form. Impersonator Im*per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who impersonates; an actor; a mimic. Imperspicuity Im*per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. Want of perspicuity or clearness; vaguness; ambiguity. Imperspicuous Im`per*spic"u*ous (?), a. Not perspicuous; not clear; obscure; vague; ambeguous. Impersuadable Im`per*suad"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. Impersuasible.] Not to be persuaded; obstinate; unyielding; impersuasible. -- Im`per*suad"a*ble*ness, n. Impersuasible Im`per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + persuasible: cf. OF. impersuasible.] Not persuasible; not to be moved by persuasion; inflexible; impersuadable. Dr. H. More. -- Im`per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. Impertinence Im*per"ti*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. impertinence. See Impertinent.] 1. The condition or quality of being impertnent; absence of pertinence, or of adaptedness; irrelevance; unfitness. 2. Conduct or language unbecoming the person, the society, or the circumstances; rudeness; incivility. We should avoid the vexation and impertinence of pedants who affect to talk in a language not to be understood. Swift. 3. That which is impertinent; a thing out of place, or of no value. There are many subtile impertinences learned in schools. Watts. Impertinency Im*per"ti*nen*cy (?), n. Impertinence. [R.] O, matter and impertinency mixed! Reason in madness! Shak. Impertinent Im*per"ti*nent (?), a. [F., fr. L. impertinens, -entis; pref. im- not + pertinens. See Pertinent.] 1. Not pertinent; not pertaining to the matter in hand; having no bearing on the subject; not to the point; irrelevant; inapplicable. Things that are impertinent to us. Tillotson. How impertinent that grief was which served no end! Jer. Taylor. 2. Contrary to, or offending against, the rules of propriety or good breeding; guilty of, or prone to, rude, unbecoming, or uncivil words or actions; as, an impertient coxcomb; an impertient remark. 3. Trifing; inattentive; frivolous. Syn. -- Rude; officious; intrusive; saucy; unmannerly; meddlesome; disrespectful; impudent; insolent. -- Impertinent, Officious, Rude. A person is officious who obtrudes his offices or assistance where they are not needed; he is impertinent when he intermeddles in things with which he has no concern. The former shows a want of tact, the latter a want of breeding, or, more commonly, a spirit of sheer impudence. A person is rude when he violates the proprieties of social life either from ignorance or wantonness. "An impertinent man will ask questions for the mere grafication of curiosity; a rude man will burst into the room of another, or push against his person, inviolant of all decorum; one who is officious is quite as unfortunate as he is troublesome; when he strives to serve, he has the misfortune to annoy." Crabb. See Impudence, and Insolent. Impertinent Im*per"ti*nent, n. An impertinent person. [R.] Impertinently Im*per"ti*nent*ly, adv. In an impertinent manner. "Not to betray myself impertinently." B. Jonson. Impertransibility Im`per*tran`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being impertransible. [R.] Impertransible Im`per*tran"si*ble (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + pertransire to go through. See Per- and Transient.] Incapable of being passed through. [R.] Impertrubable Im`per*trub"a*ble (?), a. [L. imperturbabilis; pref. im- not + perturbare to disturb: cf. F. imperturbable. See Perture.] Incapable of being disturbed or disconcerted; as, imperturbable gravity. Imperturbably Im`per*turb"a*bly, adv. In an imperturbable manner; calmly. C. Bront\'82. Imperturbation Im*per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. imperturbatio.] Freedom from agitation of mind; calmness; quietude. W. Montagu. Imperturbed Im`per*turbed" (?), a. Not perturbed. Imperviability Im*per`vi*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imperviable. Imperviable Im*per"vi*a*ble (?), a. Not pervious; impervious. [R.] -- Im*per"vi*a*ble*ness, n. [R.] Impervious Im*per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. impervius; pref. im- not + per through + via way. See Voyage.] Not pervious; not admitting of entrance or passage through; as, a substance impervious to water or air. This gulf impassable, impervious. Milton. The minds of these zealots were absolutely impervious. Macaulay. Syn. -- Impassable; pathless; impenetrable; imperviable; impermeable. -- Im*per"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- Im*per"vi*ous*ness, n. Impery Im"per*y (?), n. Empery. [Archaic] Joye. Impest Im*pest" (?), v. t. To affict with pestilence; to infect, as with plague. [Obs.] Impester Im*pes"ter (?), v. t. See Pester. [Obs.] Impetiginous Im`pe*tig"i*nous (?), a. [L. impetiginous: cf. F. imp\'82tigineux.] Of the nature of, or pertaining to, impetigo. Impetigo Im`pe*ti"go (?), n. [L., fr. impetere to attack.] (Med.) A cutaneous, pustular eruption, not attended with fever; usually, a kind of eczema with pustulation. Impetrable Im"pe*tra*ble (?) a. [L. impetrabilis: cf. F. imp\'82trable. See Impetrate.] Capable of being obtained or moved by petition. [Obs.] Bailey. Impetrate Im"pe*trate (?), a. [L. impetratus, p. p. of impetrare to obtain; pref. im- in + patrare to bring to pass.] Obtained by entreaty. [Obs.] Ld. Herbert. Impetrate Im"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impetrating (?).] To obtain by request or entreaty. Usher. Impetration Im`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. impetratio: cf. F. imp\'82tration.] 1. The act of impetrating, or obtaining by petition or entreaty. [Obs.] In way of impertation procuring the removal or allevation of our crosses. Barrow. 2. (Old Eng. Law) The obtaining of benefice from Rome by solicitation, which benefice belonged to the disposal of the king or other lay patron of the realm. Impetrative Im"pe*tra*tive (?), a. [L. impetrativus obtained by entreaty.] Of the nature of impetration; getting, or tending to get, by entreaty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Impetratory Im"pe*tra*to*ry (?), a. Containing or expressing entreaty. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Impetuosity Im*pet`u*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imp\'82tuosit\'82.] 1. The condition or quality of being impetuous; fury; violence. 2. Vehemence, or furiousnes of temper. Shak. Impetuous Im*pet"u*ous (?), a. [F. impetueux, L. impetuosus. See Impetus.] 1. Rushing with force and violence; moving with impetus; furious; forcible; violent; as, an impetuous wind; an impetuous torrent. Went pouring forward with impetuous speed. Byron. 2. Vehement in feeling; hasty; passionate; violent; as, a man of impetuous temper. The people, on their holidays, Impetuous, insolent, unquenchable. Milton. Syn. -- Forcible; rapid; hasty; precipitate; furious; boisterous; violent; raging; fierce; passionate. -- Im*pet"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Im*pet"u*ous*ness, n. Impetus Im"pe*tus (?), n. [L., fr. impetere to rush upon, attack; pref. im- in + petere to fall upon, seek. See Petition.] 1. A property possessed by a moving body in virtue of its weight and its motion; the force with which any body is driven or impelled; momentum. NOTE: &hand; Mo mentum is th e technical term, impetus its popular equivalent, yet differing from it as applied commonly to bodies moving or moved suddenly or violently, and indicating the origin and intensity of the motion, rather than its quantity or effectiveness. 2. Fig.: Impulse; incentive; vigor; force. Buckle. 3. (Gun.) The aititude through which a heavy body must fall to acquire a velocity equal to that with which a ball is discharged from a piece. _________________________________________________________________ Page 736 Impeyan pheasant Im"pey*an pheas"ant (?). [From Lady Impey, who attempted to naturalize the bird in England.] (Zo\'94l.) An Indian crested pheasant of the genus Lophophorus. Several species are known. Called also monaul, monal. NOTE: &hand; They are remarkable for the bright color and brilliant matallic hues of their plumage. The best known species (L. Impeyanus) has the neck of a brilliant metallic red, changing to golden yellow in certain lights. Imphee Im"phee (?), n. (Bot.) The African sugar cane (Holcus saccharatus), -- resembling the sorghum, or Chinese sugar cane. Impictured Im*pic"tured (?), a. Pictured; impressed. [Obs.] Spenser. Impierce Im*pierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + pierce. Cf. Empierce.] To pierce; to penetrate. [Obs.] Drayton. Impierceable Im*pierce"a*ble (?) a. Not capable of being pierced; impenetrable. [Obs.] Spenser. Impiety Im*pi"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Impieties (. [L. impietas, fr. impius impious; cf. F. impi\'82t\'82. See Impious, Piety.] 1. The quality of being impious; want of piety; irreverence toward the Supreme Being; ungodliness; wickedness. 2. An impious act; an act of wickednes. Those impieties for the which they are now visited. Shak. Syn. -- Ungodliness; irreligion; unrighteousness; sinfulness; profaneness; wickedness; godlessness. Impignorate Im*pig"no*rate (?), v. t. [LL. impignoratus, p. pl of impignorare to pawn. See Pignoration.] To pledge or pawn. [Obs.] Laing. Impignoration Im*pig`no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. impignoratio: cf. F. impignoration.] The act of pawning or pledging; the state of being pawned. [Obs.] Bailey. Imping Imp"ing (?), n. [See Imp to graft.] 1. The act or process of grafting or mending. [Archaic] 2. (Falconry) The process of repairing broken feathers or a deficient wing. Impinge Im*pinge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impinging (?).] [L. impingere; pref. im- in + pangere to fix, strike; prob. akin to pacisci to agree, contract. See Pact, and cf. Impact.] To fall or dash against; to touch upon; to strike; to hit; to ciash with; -- with on or upon. The cause of reflection is not the impinging of light on the solid or impervious parts of bodies. Sir I. Newton. But, in the present order of things, not to be employed without impinging on God's justice. Bp. Warburton. Impingement Im*pinge"ment (?), n. The act of impinging. Impingent Im*pin"gent (?), a. [L. impingens, p. pr.] Striking against or upon. Impinguate Im*pin"guate (?), v. t. [L. impinguatus, p. p. of impinguare to fatten; pref. im- in + pinguis fat.] To fatten; to make fat. [Obs.] Bacon. Impinguation Im`pin*gua"tion (?), n. The act of making fat, or the state of being fat or fattened. [Obs.] Impious Im"pi*ous (?), a. [L. impius; pref. im- not + pius piou. See Pious.] Not pious; wanting piety; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; profane; wanting in reverence for the Supreme Being; as, an impious deed; impious language. When vice prevails, and impious men bear away, The post of honor is a private station. Addison. Syn. -- Impious, Irreligious, Profane. Irreligious is negative, impious and profane are positive. An indifferent man may be irreligious; a profane man is irreverent in speech and conduct; an impious man is wickedly and boldly defiant in the strongest sense. Profane also has the milder sense of secular. C. J. Smith. -- Im"pi*ous*ly, adv. -- Im"pi*ous*ness, n. Impire Im"pire (?), n. See Umpire. [Obs.] Huloet. Impishly Imp"ish*ly (?), a. Having the qualities, or showing the characteristics, of an imp. Impishly Imp"ish*ly, adv. In the manner of an imp. Imppiteous Imp*pit"e*ous (?), a. Pitiless; cruel. [Obs.] Implacability Im*pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. implacabilitas: cf. F. implacabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being implacable. Implacable Im*pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L. implacabilis; pref. im- not + placabilis: cf. F. implacable. See Placable.] 1. Not placable; not to be appeased; incapable of being pacified; inexorable; as, an implacable prince. I see thou art implacable. Milton. An object of implacable enmity. Macaulay. 2. Incapable of ebign relieved or assuaged; inextinguishable. [R.] O! how I burn with implacable fire. Spenser. Which wrought them pain Implacable, and many a dolorous groan. Milton. Syn. -- Unappeasable; inexorable; irreconcilable; unrelenting; relentless; unyielding. Implacableness Im*pla"ca*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being implacable; implacability. Implacably Im*pla"ca*bly, adv. In an implacable manner. Implacental Im`pla*cen"tal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Without a placenta, as marsupials and monotremes. -- n. A mammal having no placenta. Implacentalia Im`pla*cen*ta"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See In- not, and Placental.] (Zo\'94l.) A primary division of the Mammalia, including the monotremes and marsupials, in which no placenta is formed. Implant Im*plant" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Implanting.] [Pref. im- in + plant: cf. F. implanter.] To plant, or infix, for the purpose of growth; to fix deeply; to instill; to inculate; to introduce; as, to implant the seeds of virtue, or the principles of knowledge, in the minds of youth. Minds well implanted with solid . . . breeding. Milton. Implantation Im`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. implantation.] The act or process of implantating. Implate Im*plate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implated; p. pr. & vb. n. Implating.] To cover with plates; to sheathe; as, to implate a ship with iron. Implausibility Im*plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Want of plausibility; the quality of being implausible. Implausible Im*plau"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + plausible: cf. F. implausible.] Not plausible; not wearing the appearance of truth or credibility, and not likely to be believed. "Implausible harangues." Swift. -- Im*plau"si*ble*ness, n. -- Im*plau"si*bly, adv. Impleach Im*pleach" (?), v. t. To pleach; to interweave. [Obs.] Shak. Implead Im*plead" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impleaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impleading.] [Cf. Emplead.] (Law) To institute and prosecute a suit against, in court; to sue or prosecute at law; hence, to accuse; to impeach. Implead Im*plead", v. i. To sue at law. Impleadable Im*plead"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting excuse, evasion, or plea; rigorous. [R.] T. Adams. Impleader Im*plead"er (?), n. (Law) One who prosecutes or sues another. Impleasing Im*pleas"ing (, a. Unpleasing; displeasing. [Obs.] Overbury. Impledge Im*pledge" (?), v. t. To pledge. Sir W. Scott. Implement Im"ple*ment (?), n. [LL. implementum accomplishment, fr. L. implere, impletum, to fill up, finish, complete; pref. im- in + plere to fill. The word was perh. confuse with OF. empleier, emploier, to employ, F. employer, whence E. employ. See Plenty.] That which fulfills or supplies a want or use; esp., an instrument, toll, or utensil, as supplying a requisite to an end; as, the implements of trade, of husbandry, or of war. Genius must have talent as its complement and implement. Coleridge. Implement Im"ple*ment, v. t. 1. To accomplish; to fulfill. [R.] Revenge . . . executed and implemented by the hand of Vanbeest Brown. Sir W. Scott. 2. To provide with an implement or implements; to cause to be fulfilled, satisfied, or carried out, by means of an implement or implements. The chief mechanical requisites of the barometer are implemented in such an instrument as the following. Nichol. 3. (Scots Law) To fulfill or perform, as a contract or an engagement. Implemental Im`ple*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, implements or their use; mechanical. Impletion Im*ple"tion (?), n. [L. impletio. See Implement.] 1. The act of filling, or the state of being full. Sir T. Browne. 2. That which fills up; filling. Coleridge. Implex Im"plex (?), a. [L. implexus, p. p. of implectere to infold; pref. im- in + plectere to plait: cf. F implexe.] Intricate; entangled; complicated; complex. The fable of every poem is . . . simple or implex. it is called simple when there is no change of fortune in it; implex, when the fortune of the chief actor changes from bad to good, or from good to bad. Addison. Implexion Im*plex"ion (?), n. [L. implexio.] Act of involving, or state of being involved; involution. Impliable Im*pli"a*ble (?), a. Not pliable; inflexible; inyielding. Implicate Im"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Implicating.] [L. implicatus, p. p. of implicare to involve; pref. im- in + plicare to fold. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Imply, Implicit.] 1. To infold; to fold together; to interweave. The meeting boughs and implicated leaves. Shelley. 2. To bring into connection with; to involve; to connect; -- applied to persons, in an unfavorable sense; as, the evidence implicates many in this conspiracy; to be implicated in a crime, a discreditable transaction, a fault, etc. Implication Im`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. implicatio: cf. F. implication.] 1. The act of implicating, or the state of being implicated. Three principal causes of firmness are. the grossness, the quiet contact, and the implication of component parts. Boyle. 2. An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words. Whatever things, therefore, it was asserted that the king might do, it was a necessary implication that there were other things which he could not do. Hallam. Implicative Im"pli*ca*tive (?), a. Tending to implicate. Implicatively Im"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv. By implication. Sir G. Buck. Implicit Im*plic"it (?), a. [L. implicitus, p. p. of implicare to entwine, entangle, attach closely: cf. F. implicite. See Implicate.] 1. Infolded; entangled; complicated; involved. [Obs.] Milton. In his woolly fleece I cling implicit. Pope. 2. Tacitly comprised; fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words; implied; as, an implicit contract or agreement. South. 3. Resting on another; trusting in the word or authority of another, without doubt or reserve; unquestioning; complete; as, implicit confidence; implicit obedience. Back again to implicit faith I fall. Donne. Implicit function. (Math.) See under Function. Implicitly Im*plic"it*ly (?), adv. 1. In an implicit manner; without reserve; with unreserved confidence. Not to dispute the methods of his providence, but humbly and implicitly to acquiesce in and adore them. Atterbury. 2. By implication; impliedly; as, to deny the providence of God is implicitly to deny his existence. Bentley. Implicitness Im*plic"it*ness, n. State or quality of being implicit. Implicity Im*plic"i*ty (?), n. Implicitness. [Obs.] Cotgrave. Implied Im*plied" (?), a. Virtually involved or included; involved in substance; inferential; tacitly conceded; -- the correlative of express, or expressed. See Imply. Impliedly Im*pli"ed*ly (?), adv. By implication or inference. Bp. Montagu. Imploded Im*plod"ed (?), a. (Phon.) Formed by implosion. Ellis. Implodent Im*plod"ent (?), n. (Phon.) An implosive sound. Ellis. Imploration Im`plo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. imploratio: cf. OF. imploration. See Implore.] The act of imploring; earnest supplication. Bp. Hall. Implorator Im"plo*ra`tor (?), n. One who implores. [Obs.] Mere implorators of unholy suits. Shak. Imploratory Im*plor"a*to*ry (?), a. Supplicatory; entreating. [R.] Carlyle. Implore Im*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imploring.] [L. implorare; pref. im- in + plorare to cry aloud. See Deplore.] To call upon, or for, in supplication; to beseech; to prey to, or for, earnestly; to petition with urency; to entreat; to beg; -- followed directly by the word expressing the thing sought, or the person from whom it is sought. Imploring all the gods that reign above. Pope. I kneel, and then implore her blessing. Shak. Syn. -- To beseech; supplicate; crave; entreat; beg; solicit; petition; prey; request; adjure. See Beseech. Implore Im*plore", v. i. To entreat; to beg; to prey. Implore Im*plore", n. Imploration. [Obs.] Spencer. Implorer Im*plor"er (?), n. One who implores. Imploring Im*plor"ing, a. That implores; beseeching; entreating. -- Im*plor"ing*ly, adv. Implosion Im*plo"sion (?), n. [Formed by substitution of pref. im- in for pref. ex- in explosion.] 1. A burstion inwards, as of a vessel from which the air has been exhausted; -- contrasted with explosion. 2. (Phon.) A sudden compression of the air in the mouth, simultaneously with and affecting the sound made by the closure of the organs in uttering p, t, or k, at the end of a syllable (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§159, 189); also, a similar compression made by an upward thrust of the larynx without any accompanying explosive action, as in the peculiar sound of b, d, and g, heard in Southern Germany. H. Sweet. Implosive Im*plo"sive (?), a. (Phon.) Formed by implosion. -- n. An implosive sound, an implodent. -- Im*plo"sive*ly, adv. H. Sweet. Implumed Im*plumed" (?), a. Not plumed; without plumes or feathers; featherless. [R.] Drayton. Implunge Im*plunge" (?), v. t. To plunge. Fuller. Impluvium Im*plu"vi*um (?), n. [L., fr. impluere to rain into; pref. im- in + pluere to rain.] (Arch.) In Roman dwellings, a cistern or tank, set in the atrium or peristyle to recieve the water from the roof, by means of the compluvium; generally made ornamental with flowers and works of art around its birm. Imply Im*ply" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Implying.] [From the same source as employ. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Implicate, Apply.] 1. To infold or involve; to wrap up. [Obs.] "His head in curls implied." Chapman. 2. To involve in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by construction of law, when not include virtually; as, war implies fighting. Where a mulicious act is proved, a mulicious intention is implied. Bp. Sherlock. When a man employs a laborer to work for him, . . . the act of hiring implies an obligation and a promise that he shall pay him a reasonable reward for his services. Blackstone. 3. To refer, ascribe, or attribute. [Obs.] Whence might this distaste arise? If [from] neither your perverse and peevish will. To which I most imply it. J. Webster. Syn. -- To involve; include; comprise; import; mean; denote; signify; betoken. See Involve. Impoison Im*poi"son (?), v. t. [Cf. Empoison.] To poison; to imbitter; to impair. Impoisoner Im*poi"son*er (?), n. A poisoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fi. Impoisonment Im*poi"son*ment (?), n. [Cf. Empoisonment.] The act of poisoning or impoisoning. [Obs.] Pope. Impolarily, Impolarly Im*po"lar*i*ly (?), Im*po"lar*ly (?), adv. Not according to or in, the direction of the poles. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Impolicy Im*pol"i*cy (?), n. The quality of being impolitic; inexpedience; unsuitableness to the end proposed; bads policy; as, the impolicy of fraud. Bp. Horsley. Impolite Im`po*lite" (?), a. [L. impolitus unpolishied, pref. im- not + politus, p. p. of polire to polish, refine. See Polite.] Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners; discourteous; uncivil; rude. -- Im`po*lite"ly, adv. -- Im`po*lite"ness, n. Impolitic Im*pol"i*tic (?), a. [Pref. im- not + politic; cf. F. impolitique.] Not politic; contrary to, or wanting in, policy; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; inexpedient; as, an impolitic ruler, law, or measure. The most unjust and impolitic of all things, unequal taxation. Burke. Syn. -- Indiscreet; inexpedient; undiplomatic. ______________________________________________________________ Page 737 Impolitical Im`po*lit"i*cal (?), a. Impolitic. [Obs.] -- Im`po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon. Impoliticly Im*pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In an impolitic manner. Impoliticness Im*pol"i*tic*ness, n. The quality of being impolitic. Imponderability Im*pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impond\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being imponderable; imponderableness. Imponderable Im*pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + ponderable: cf. F. impond\'82rable.] Not ponderable; without sensible or appreciable weight; incapable of being weighed. Imponderable Im*pon"der*a*ble, n. (Physics) An imponderable substance or body; specifically, in the plural, a name formely applied to heat, light, electricity, and magnetism, regarded as subtile flyids destitute of weight but in modern science little used. Imponderableness Im*pon"der*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being imponderable. Imponderous Im*pon"der*ous (?), a. Imponderable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Im*pon"der*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Impone Im*pone" (?), v. t. [L. imponere, impositum, to place upon; pref. im- in + ponere to place. See Position.] To stake; to wager; to pledge. [Obs.] Against the which he has imponed, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards. Shak. Impoofo Im*poo"fo (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eland. [Written also impoofoo.] Impoon Im*poon" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The duykerbok. Impoor Im*poor" (?), v. t. To impoverish. [Obs.] Imporosity Im`po*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Perf. im- not + porosity: cf. F. imporosit\'82.] The state or quality of being imporous; want of porosity; compactness. "The . . . imporosity betwixt the tangible parts." Bacon. Imporous Im*por"ous (?), a. Destitute of pores; very close or compact in texture; solid. Sir T. Browne. Import Im*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imported; p. pr. & vb. n. Importing.] [L. importare to bring in, to occasion, to cause; pref. im- in + portare to bear. Sense 3 comes through F. importer, from the Latin. See Port demeanor.] 1. To bring in from abroad; to introduce from without; especially, to bring (wares or merchandise) into a place or country from a foreign country, in the transactions of commerce; -- opposed to export. We import teas from China, coffee from Brasil, etc. 2. To carry or include, as meaning or intention; to imply; to signify. Every petition . . . doth . . . always import a multitude of speakers together. Hooker. 3. To be of importance or consequence to; to have a bearing on; to concern. I have a motion much imports your good. Shak. If I endure it, what imports it you? Dryden. Syn. -- To denote; mean; sighify; imply; indicate; betoken; interest; concern. Import Im*port", v. i. To signify; to purport; to be of moment. "For that . . . importeth to the work." Bacon. Import Im"port (?), n. 1. Merchandise imported, or brought into a country from without its boundaries; -- generally in the plural, opposed to exports. I take the imports from, and not the exports to, these conquests, as the measure of these advantages which we derived from them. Burke. 2. That which a word, phrase, or document contains as its signification or intention or interpretation of a word, action, event, and the like. 3. Importance; weight; consequence. Most serious design, and the great import. Shak. Importable Im*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. importable. See Import.] Capable of being imported. Importable Im*port"a*ble, a. [L. importabilis; pref. im- not + portabilis bearable: cf. OF. importable. See Portable.] Not to be endured; insupportable; intolerable. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Im*port"a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] Importance Im*por"tance (?), n. [F. importance. See Important.] 1. The quality or state of being important; consequence; weight; moment; significance. Thy own importance know, Nor bound thy narrow views to things below. Pope. 2. Subject; matter. [Obs.] Upon importance of so slight and trivial a nature. Shak. 3. Import; meaning; significance. [Obs.] The wisest beholder could not say if the importance were joy or sorrow. Shak. 4. Importunity; solicitation. [Obs.] At our importance hither is he come. Shak. Importancy Im*por"tan*cy (?), n. Importance; significance; consequence; that which is important. [Obs.] Shak. "Careful to conceal importancies." Fuller. Important Im*por"tant (?), a. [F. important. See Import, v. t.] 1. Full of, or burdened by, import; charged with great interests; restless; anxious. [Obs.] Thou hast strength as much As serves to execute a mind very important. Chapman. 2. Carrying or possessing weight or consequence; of valuable content or bearing; significant; weighty. Things small as nothing . . . He makes important. Shak. 3. Bearing on; forcible; driving. [Obs.] He fiercely at him flew, And with important outrage him assailed. Spenser. 4. Importunate; pressing; urgent. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Weighty; momentous; significant; essential; necessary; considerable; influential; serious. Importantly Im*por"tant*ly, adv. In an important manner. Importation Im`por*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. importation. See Import, v. t.] 1. The act of carrying, conveying, or delivering. [R.] 2. The act or practice of importing, or bringing into a country or state; -- opposed to exportation. 3. That which is imported; commodities or wares introduced into a country from abroad. Importer Im*port"er (?), n. One who imports; the merchant who brings goods into a country or state; -- opposed to exporter. Importing Im*port"ing, a. Full of meaning. [Obs.] Shak. Importless Im*port"less, a. Void of meaning. [Obs.] Shak. Importunable Im*por"tu*na*ble (?), a. Heavy; insupportable. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Importunacy Im*por"tu*na*cy (?), n. [From Importunate.] The quality of being importunate; importunateness. Importunate Im*por"tu*nate (?), a. [See Importune.] 1. Troublesomely urgent; unreasonably solicitous; overpressing in request or demand; urgent; teasing; as, an impotunate petitioner, curiosity. Whewell. 2. Hard to be borne; unendurable. [R.] Donne. -- Im*por"tu*nate*ly, adv. -- Im*por"tu*nate*ness, n. Importunator Im*por"tu*na`tor (?), n. One who importunes; an importuner. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. Importunee Im`por*tunee" (?), a. [F. importun, L. importunus; pref. im- not + a derivative from the root of portus harbor, importunus therefore orig. meaning, hard of access. See Port harbor, and cf. Importunate.] 1. Inopportune; unseasonable. [Obs.] 2. Troublesome; vexatious; persistent; urgent; hence, vexatious on account of untimely urgency or perinacious solicitation. [Obs.] And their importune fates all satisfied. Spenser. Of all other affections it [envy] is the most importune and continual. Bacon. Importune Im`por*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Importuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Importuning.] [From Importune, a.: cf. F. importuner.] 1. To request or solicit, with urgency; to press with frequent, unreasonable, or troublesome application or pertinacity; hence, to tease; to irritate; to worry. Their ministers and residents here have perpetually importuned the court with unreasonable demands. Swift. 2. To import; to signify. [Obs.] "It importunes death." Spenser. Importune Im`por*tune", v. i. To require; to demand. [Obs.] We shall write to you, As time and our concernings shall importune. Shak. Importunely Im`por*tune"ly, adv. In an importune manner. [Obs.] Importuner Im`por*tun"er (?), n. One who importunes. Importunity Im`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Importunities (#). [L. importunitas unsuitableness, rudeness: cf. F. importunit\'82.] The quality of being importunate; pressing or pertinacious solicitation; urgent request; incessant or frequent application; troublesome pertinacity. O'ercome with importunity and tears. Milton. Importuous Im*por"tu*ous (?), a. [L. importuosus; pref.im- not + portuosus abounding in harbors, fr. portus harbor.] Without a port or harbor. [R.] Imposable Im*pos"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. imposable.] Capable of being imposed or laid on. Hammond. Imposableness Im*pos"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being imposable. Impose Im*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imposing.] [F. imposer; pref. im- in + poser to place. See Pose, v. t.] 1. To lay on; to set or place; to put; to deposit. Cakes of salt and barley [she] did impose Within a wicker basket. Chapman. 2. To lay as a charge, burden, tax, duty, obligation, command, penalty, etc.; to enjoin; to levy; to inflict; as, to impose a toll or tribute. What fates impose, that men must needs abide. Shak. Death is the penalty imposed. Milton. Thou on the deep imposest nobler laws. Waller. 3. (Eccl.) To lay on, as the hands, in the religious rites of confirmation and ordination. 4. (Print.) To arrange in proper order on a table of stone or metal and lock up in a chase for printing; -- said of columns or pages of type, forms, etc. Impose Im*pose", v. i. To practice trick or deception. To impose on OR upon, to pass or put a trick on; to delude. "He imposes on himself, and mistakes words for things." Locke. Impose Im*pose", n. A command; injunction. [Obs.] Shak. Imposement Im*pose"ment (?), n. Imposition. [Obs.] Imposer Im*pos"er (?), n. One who imposes. The imposers of these oaths might repent. Walton. Imposing Im*pos"ing, a. 1. Laying as a duty; enjoining. 2. Adapted to impress forcibly; impressive; commanding; as, an imposing air; an imposing spectacle. "Large and imposing edifices." Bp. Hobart. 3. Deceiving; deluding; misleading. Imposing Im*pos"ing, n. (Print.) The act of imposing the columns of a page, or the pages of a sheet. See Impose, v. t., 4. Imposing stone (Print.), the stone on which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made into forms; -- called also imposing table. Imposingly Im*pos"ing*ly, adv. In an imposing manner. Imposingness Im*pos"ing*ness, n. The quality of being imposing. Imposition Im`po*si"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. impositio the application of a name to a thing. See Impone.] 1. The act of imposing, laying on, affixing, enjoining, inflicting, obtruding, and the like. "From imposition of strict laws." Milton. Made more solemn by the imposition of hands. Hammond. 2. That which is imposed, levied, or enjoined; charge; burden; injunction; tax. 3. (Eng. Univ.) An extra exercise enjoined on students as a punishment. T. Warton. 4. An excessive, arbitrary, or unlawful exaction; hence, a trick or deception put on laid on others; cheating; fraud; delusion; imposture. Reputation is an idle and most false imposition. Shak. 5. (Eccl.) The act of laying on the hands as a religious ceremoy, in ordination, confirmation, etc. 6. (Print.) The act or process of imosing pages or columns of type. See Impose, v. t., 4. Syn. -- Deceit; fraud; imposture. See Deception. Impossibility Im*pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Impossibilities (#). [L. impossibilitas: cf. F. impossibilit\'82.] 1. The quality of being impossible; impracticability. They confound difficulty with impossibility. South. 2. An impossible thing; that which can not be thought, done, or endured. Impossibilities! O, no, there's none. Cowley. 3. Inability; helplessness. [R.] Latimer. Logical impossibility, a condition or statement involving contradiction or absurdity; as, that a thing can be and not be at the same time. See Principle of Contradiction, under Contradiction. Impossible Im*pos"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. impossibilis; pref. im- not + possibilis possible. See Possible.] Not possible; incapable of being done, of existing, etc.; unattainable in the nature of things, or by means at command; insuperably difficult under the circumstances; absurd or impracticable; not feasible. With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. Matt. xix. 26. Without faith it is impossible to please him. Heb. xi. 6. Impossible quantity (Math.), an imagnary quantity. See Imaginary. Syn. -- See Impracticable. Impossible Im*pos"si*ble, n. An impossibility. [Obs.] "Madam," quoth he, "this were an impossible!" Chaucer. Impossibly Im*pos"si*bly, adv. Not possibly. Sir. T. North. Impost Im"post (?), n. [OF. impost, F. impot, LL. impostus, fr. L. impostus, p. p. of imponere to impose. See Impone.] 1. That which is imposed or levied; a tax, tribute, or duty; especially, a duty or tax laid by goverment on goods imported into a country. Even the ship money . . . Johnson could not pronounce to have been an unconstitutional impost. Macaulay. 2. (Arch.) The top member of a pillar, pier, wall, etc., upon which the weight of an arch rests. NOTE: &hand; Th e im post is called continuous, if the moldings of the arch or architrave run down the jamb or pier without a break. Syn. -- Tribute; excise; custom; duty; tax. Imposthumate Im*post"hu*mate (?), v. t. [See Imposthume.] To apostemate; to form an imposthume or abscess. Arbuthnot. Imposthumate Im*post"hu*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposthumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imposthumating (?).] To affect with an imposthume or abscess. Imposthumate Im*post"hu*mate (?), a. Imposthumated. Imposthumation Im*post`hu*ma"tion (?), n. 1. The act of forming an abscess; state of being inflamed; suppuration. 2. An abscess; an imposthume. Coxe. Imposthume Im*post"hume (?), n. [A corruption of aposteme. See Aposteme.] A collection of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body; an abscess. Imposthume Im*post"hume, v. t. & i. Same as Imposthumate. Impostor Im*pos"tor (?), n. [L. impostor a deceiver, fr. imponere to impose upon, deceive. See Impone.] One who imposes upon others; a person who assumes a character or title not his own, for the purpose of deception; a pretender. "The fraudulent impostor foul." Milton. Syn. -- Deceiver; cheat; rogue. See Deceiver. Impostorship Im*pos"tor*ship, n. The condition, character, or practice of an impostor. Milton. Impostress, Impostrix Im*pos"tress (?), Im*pos"trix (?), n. [LL. impostrix. See Impostor.] A woman who imposes upon or deceives others. [R.] Fuller. Impostrous Im*pos"trous (?), n. Characterized by imposture; deceitful. "Impostrous pretense of knowledge." Grote. Imposturage Im*pos"tur*age (?), n. Imposture; cheating. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Imposture Im*pos"ture (?), n. [L. impostura: cf. F. imposture. See Impone.] The act or conduct of an impostor; deception practiced under a false or assumed character; fraud or imposition; cheating. From new legends And fill the world with follies and impostures. Johnson. Syn. -- Cheat; fraud; trick; imposition; delusion. Impostured Im*pos"tured (?), a. Done by imposture. [Obs.] Imposturous Im*pos"tur*ous (?), a. Impostrous; deceitful. Strictness fales and impostrous. Beau. & Fl. Impostury Im*pos"tur*y (?), n. Imposture. [Obs.] Fuller. Impotence, Impotency Im"po*tence (?), Im"po*ten*cy (?), n. [L. impotenia inability, poverty, want of moderation. See Impotent.] 1. The quality or condition of being impotent; want of strength or power, animal, intellectual, or moral; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility. Some were poor by impotency of nature; as young fatherless children, old decrepit persons, idiots, and cripples. Hayward. O, impotence of mind in body strong! Milton. 2. Want of self-restraint or self-control. [R.] Milton. 3. (Law & Med.) Want of procreative power; inability to copulate, or beget children; also, sometimes, sterility; barrenness. Impotent Im"po*tent (?), a. [F. impotent, L. impotens, -entis; pref. im- not + potens potent, powerful. See Potent.] 1. Not potent; wanting power, strength. or vigor. whether physical, intellectual, or moral; deficient in capacity; destitute of force; weak; feeble; infirm. There sat a certain man at Lystra, impotent inhis feet. Acts xiv. 8. O most lame and impotent conclusion! Shak. Not slow to hear, Nor impotent to save. Addison. 2. Wanting the power of self-restraint; incontrolled; ungovernable; violent. Impotent of tongue, her silence broke. Dryden. 3. (Med.) Wanting the power of procreation; unable to copulate; also, sometimes, sterile; barren. Impotent Im"po*tent, n. One who is imoitent. [R.] Shak. Impotently Im"po*tent*ly, adv. In an impotent manner. Impound Im*pound" (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impounding.] To shut up or place in an inclosure called a pound; hence, to hold in the custody of a court; as, to impound stray cattle; to impound a document for safe keeping. But taken and impounded as a stray, The king of Scots. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 738 Impoundage Im*pound"age (?), n. 1. The act of impounding, or the state of being impounded. 2. The fee or fine for impounding. Impounder Im*pound"er (?), n. One who impounds. Impoverish Im*pov"er*ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impoverished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impoverishing.] [OF. empovrir; pref. em- (L. in) + povre poor, F. pauvre; cf. OF. apovrir, F. appauvrir, where the prefix is a-, L. ad. Cf. Empoverish, and see Poor, and -ish.] 1. To make poor; to reduce to poverty or indigence; as, misfortune and disease impoverish families. 2. To exhaust the strength, richness, or fertility of; to make sterile; as, to impoverish land. Impoverisher Im*pov"er*ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, impoverishes. Impoverishment Im*pov"er*ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. empoverissement, and F. appauvrissement.] The act of impoverishing, or the state of being impoverished; reduction to poverty. Sir W. Scott. Impower Im*pow"er (?), v. t. See Empower. Imp-pole Imp"-pole` (, n. (Building) A pole for supporting a scaffold. Impracticability Im*prac`ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Impracticabilities (. 1. The state or quality of being impracticable; infeasibility. Goldsmith. 2. An impracticable thing. 3. Intractableness; stubbornness. Impracticable Im*prac"ti*ca*ble (?), a. 1. Not practicable; incapable of being performed, or accomplished by the means employed, or at command; impossible; as, an impracticable undertaking. 2. Not to be overcome, presuaded, or controlled by any reasonable method; unmanageable; intractable; not capable of being easily dealt with; -- used in a general sense, as applied to a person or thing that is difficult to control or get along with. This though, impracticable heart Is governed by a dainty-fingered girl. Rowe. Patriotic butloyal men went away disguested afresh with the impracticable arrogance of a sovereign. Palfrey. 3. Incapable of being used or availed of; as, an impracticable road; an impracticable method. Syn. -- Impossible; infeasible. -- Impracticable, Impossible. A thing is impracticable when it can not be accomplished by any human means at present possessed; a thing is impossible when the laws of nature forbid it. The navigation of a river may now be impracticable, but not impossible, because the existing obstructions may yet be removed. "The barons exercised the most despotic authority over their vassals, and every scheme of public utility was rendered impracticable by their continued petty wars with each other." Mickle. "With men this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." Matt. xix. 26. Impracticableness Im*prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being impracticable; impracticability. Impracticably Im*prac"ti*ca*bly, adv. In an impracticable manner. Morality not impracticably rigid. Johnson. Impractical Im*prac"ti*cal (?), a. Not practical. Imprecate Im"pre*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprecated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imprecating (?).] [L. imprecatus, p. p. of imprecari to imprecate; pref. im- in, on + precari to pray. See Pray.] 1. To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous. Imprecate the vengeance of Heaven on the guilty empire. Mickle. 2. To invoke evil upon; to curse; to swear at. In vain we blast the ministers of Fate, And the forlorn physicians imprecate. Rochester. Imprecation Im`pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L. imprecatio: cf. F. impr\'82cation.] The act of imprecating, or unvoking evil upon any one; a player that a curse or calamnity may fall on any one; a curse. Men cowered like slaves before such horrid imprecations. Motley. Syn. -- Malediction; curse; execration; anathema. See Malediction. Imprecatory Im"pre*ca*to*ry (?), a. Of the nature of, or containing, imprecation; invokingevil; as, the imprecatory psalms. Imprecision Im`pre*ci"sion (?), n. Want of precision. [R.] Impregn Im*pregn" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. impregner. See Impregnate.] To impregnate; to make fruitful. [Obs.] His perniciousss words, impregned With reason. Milton. Semele doth Bacchus bear Impregned of Jove. Dr. H. More. Impregnability Im*preg`na*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being impregnable; invincibility. Impregnable Im*preg"na*ble (?), a. [F. imprenable; pref. im- not + prenable pregnable, fr. prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Comprehend, Get to obtain.] Not to be stormed, or taken by assault; incapable of being subdued; able to resist attack; unconquerable; as, an impregnable fortress; impregnable virtue. The man's affection remains wholly unconcerned and impregnable. South. -- Im*preg"na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*preg"na*bly, adv. Impregnable Im*preg"na*ble (?), a. [See Impregnate.] (Biol.) Capable of being impregnated, as the egg of an animal, or the ovule of a plant. Impregnant Im*preg"nant (?), n. [See Impregnate.] That which impregnates. [R.] Glanvill. Impregnant Im*preg"nant, a. [Pref. im- not + pregnant.] Not pregnant; unfertilized or infertile. [R.] Impregnate Im*preg"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impregnated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impregnating (?).] [LL. impraegnatus, p. p. of impraegnare to impregnate, fr. L. pref. im- in + praegnans pregnant. See Pregnant.] 1. To make pregnant; to cause to conceive; to render prolific; to get with child or young. 2. (Biol.) To come into contact with (an ovum or egg) so as to cause impregnation; to fertilize; to fecundate. 3. To infuse an active principle into; to render frutful or fertile in any way; to fertilize; to imbue. 4. To infuse particles of another substance into; to communicate the quality of another to; to cause to be filled, imbued, mixed, or furnished (with something); as, to impregnate India rubber with sulphur; clothing impregnated with contagion; rock impregnated with ore. Impregnate Im*preg"nate (?), v. i. To become pregnant. Addison. Impregnate Im*preg"nate (?), a. [LL. impraegnatus, p. p.] Impregnated; made prolific. The scorching ray Here pierceth not, impregnate with disease. Byron. Impregnation Im`preg*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. impr\'82gnation, LL. impraegnatio.] 1. The act of impregnating or the state of being impregnated; fecundation. 2. (Biol.) The fusion of a female germ cell (ovum) with a male germ cell (in animals, a spermatozo\'94n) to form a single new cell endowed with the power of developing into a new individual; fertilization; fecundation. NOTE: &hand; In th e br oadest bi ological sense, impregnation, or sexual generation, consists simply in the coalescence of two similar masses of protoplasmic matter, either derived from different parts of the same organism or from two distinct organisms. From the single mass, which results from the fusion, or coalescence, of these two masses, a new organism develops. 3. That with which anything is impregnated. Derham. 4. Intimate mixture; influsion; saturation. 5. (Mining) An ore deposit, with indefinite boundaries, consisting of rock impregnated with ore. Raymond. Imprejudicate Im`pre*ju"di*cate (?), a. Not prejuged; unprejudiced; impartial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Imprenable Im*pre"na*ble (?), a. Impregnable. [Obs.] Impreparation Im*prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. Want of preparation. [Obs.] Hooker. Impresa Im*pre"sa (?), n. [It. See Emprise, and cf. Impress, n., 4.] (Her.) A device on a shield or seal, or used as a bookplate or the like. [Written also imprese and impress.] My impresa to your lordship; a swain Flying to a laurel for shelter. J. Webster. Impresario Im`pre*sa"ri*o (?), n.; pl. Impresarios (#). [It., from impresa enterprise.] The projector, manager, or conductor, of an opera or concert company. Imprescriptibility Im`pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imprescriptibilit\'82.] The quality of being imprescriptible. Imprescriptible Im`pre*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prescriptible: cf. F. imprescriptible.] 1. Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect, by disuse, or by the claims of another founded on prescription. The right of navigation, fishing, and others that may be exercised on the sea, belonging to the right of mere ability, are imprescriptible. Vattel (Trans. ) 2. Not derived from, or dependent on, external authority; self-evidencing; obvious. The imprescriptible laws of the pure reason. Colerridge. Imprescriptibly Im`pre*scrip"ti*bly, adv. In an imprescriptible manner; obviously. Imprese Im*prese" (?), n. A device. See Impresa. An imprese, as the Italians call it, is a device in picture with his motto or word, borne by noble or learned personages. Camden. Impress Im*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impressing.] [L. impressus, p. p. of imprimere to impress; pref. im- in, on + premere to press. See Press to squeeze, and cf. Imprint.] 1. To press, stamp, or print something in or upon; to mark by pressure, or as by pressure; to imprint (that which bears the impression). His heart, like an agate, with your print impressed. Shak. 2. To produce by pressure, as a mark, stamp, image, etc.; to imprint (a mark or figure upon something). 3. Fig.: To fix deeply in the mind; to present forcibly to the attention, etc.; to imprint; to inculcate. Impress the motives of persuasion upon our own hearts till we feel the force of them. I. Watts. 4. [See Imprest, Impress, n., 5.] To take by force for public service; as, to impress sailors or money. The second five thousand pounds impressed for the service of the sick and wounded prisoners. Evelyn. Impress Im*press", v. i. To be impressed; to rest. [Obs.] Such fiendly thoughts in his heart impress. Chaucer. Impress Im"press (?), n.; pl. Impresses (. 1. The act of impressing or making. 2. A mark made by pressure; an indentation; imprint; the image or figure of anything, formed by pressure or as if by pressure; result produced by pressure or influence. The impresses of the insides of these shells. Woodward. This weak impress of love is as a figure Trenched in ice. Shak. 3. Characteristic; mark of distinction; stamp. South. 4. A device. See Impresa. Cussans. To describe . . . emblazoned shields, Impresses quaint. Milton. 5. [See Imprest, Press to force into service.] The act of impressing, or taking by force for the public service; compulsion to serve; also, that which is impressed. Why such impress of shipwrights? Shak. Impress gang, a party of men, with an officer, employed to impress seamen for ships of war; a press gang. -- Impress money, a sum of money paid, immediately upon their entering service, to men who have been impressed. Impressibility Im*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impressible; susceptibility. Impressible Im*press"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impressible.] Capable of being impressed; susceptible; sensitive. -- Im*press"i*ble*ness, n. -- Im*press"i*bly, adv. Impression Im*pres"sion (?), n. [F. impression, L. impressio.] 1. The act of impressing, or the state of being impressed; the communication of a stamp, mold, style, or character, by external force or by influence. 2. That which is impressed; stamp; mark; indentation; sensible result of an influence exerted from without. The stamp and clear impression of good sense. Cowper. To shelter us from impressions of weather, we must spin, we must weave, we must build. Barrow. 3. That which impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agency; appearance; phenomenon. [Obs.] Portentous blaze of comets and impressions in the air. Milton. A fiery impression falling from out of Heaven. Holland. 4. Influence or effect on the senses or the intellect hence, interest, concern. Reid. His words impression left. Milton. Such terrible impression made the dream. Shak. I have a father's dear impression, And wish, before I fall into my grave, That I might see her married. Ford. 5. An indistinct notion, remembrance, or belief. 6. Impressiveness; emphasis of delivery. Which must be read with an impression. Milton. 7. (Print.) The pressure of the type on the paper, or the result of such pressure, as regards its appearance; as, a heavy impression; a clear, or a poor, impression; also, a single copy as the result of printing, or the whole edition printed at a given time. Ten impressions which his books have had. Dryden. 8. In painting, the first coat of color, as the priming in house painting and the like. [R.] 9. (Engraving) A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, or the like. Proof impression, one of the early impressions taken from an engraving, before the plate or block is worn. Impressionability Im*pres`sion*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impressionable. Impresionable Im*pres"ion*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impressionnable.] Liable or subject to impression; capable of being molded; susceptible; impressible. He was too impressionable; he had too much of the temperament of genius. Motley. A pretty face and an impressionable disposition. T. Hook. Impressionableness Im*pres"sion*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being impressionable. Impressionism Im*pres"sion*ism (?), n. [F. impressionnisme.] (Fine Arts) The theory or method of suggesting an effect or impression without elaboration of the details; -- a disignation of a recent fashion in painting and etching. Impressionist Im*pres"sion*ist, n. [F. impressionniste.] (Fine Arts) One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism, so called. Impressionistic Im*pres`sion*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, impressionism. Impressionless Im*pres"sion*less, a. Having the quality of not being impressed or affected; not susceptible. Impressive Im*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. impressif.] 1. Making, or tending to make, an impression; having power to impress; adapted to excite attention and feeling, to touch the sensibilities, or affect the conscience; as, an impressive discourse; an impressive scene. 2. Capable of being impressed. [Obs.] Drayton. - Im*press"ive*ly, adv. -- Im*press"ive*ness, n. Impressment Im*press"ment (?), n. The act of seizing for public use, or of impressing into public service; compulsion to serve; as, the impressment of provisions or of sailors. The great scandal of our naval service -- impressment -- died a protracted death. J. H. Burton. Impressor Im*press"or (?), n. [LL., a printer.] One who, or that which, impresses. Boyle. Impressure Im*pres"sure (?), n. [Cf. OF. impressure, LL. impressura.] Dent; impression. [Obs.] Shak. Imprest Im*prest" (, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Imprested; p. pr. & vb. n. Impresting.] [Pref. im- + prest: cf. It. imprestare. See Prest, n.] To advance on loan. Burke. Imprest Im"prest (?), n. [Cf. It. impresto, imprestito, LL. impraestitum. See Imprest, v. t., and Impress compulsion to serve.] A kind of earnest money; loan; -- specifically, money advanced for some public service, as in enlistment. Burke. The clearing of their imprests for what little of their debts they have received. Pepys. Imprevalence, Imprevalency Im*prev"a*lence (?), Im*prev"a*len*cy (?), n. Want of prevalence. [Obs.] Impreventability Im`pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being impreventable. [R.] Impreventable Im`pre*vent"a*ble (?), a. Not preventable; invitable. Imprimatur Im`pri*ma"tur (?), n. [L., let it be printed.] (Law) A license to print or publish a book, paper, etc.; also, in countries subjected to the censorship of the press, approval of that which is published. Imprimery Im*prim"er*y (?), n. [F. imprimerie, fr. imprimer to imprint.] [Obs.] (a) A print; impression. (b) A printing establishment. (c) The art of printing. Impriming Im*prim"ing (?), n. A begining. [Obs.] "Their springings and imprimings." Sir H. Wotton. Imprimis Im*pri"mis (?), adv. [L., for in primis among the first, chiefly; in in + primus first.] In the first place; first in order. Imprint Im*print" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imptrinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imprinting.] [OE. emprenten, F. empreint, p. p. of empreindre to imprint, fr. L. imprimere to impres, imprint. See 1st In-, Print, and cf. Impress.] 1. To impress; to mark by pressure; to indent; to stamp. And sees his num'rous herds imprint her sands. Prior. 2. To stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by means of type, plates, stamps, or the like; to print the mark (figures, letters, etc., upon something). Nature imprints upon whate'er we see, That has a heart and life in it, "Be free." Cowper. 3. To fix indelibly or permanently, as in the mind or memory; to impress. Ideas of those two different things distinctly imprinted on his mind. Locke. _________________________________________________________________ Page 739 Imprint Im"print (?), n. [Cf. F. empreinte impress, stamp. See Imprint, v. t.] Whatever is impressed or imprinted; the impress or mark left by something; specifically, the name of the printer or publisher (usually) with the time and place of issue, in the title-page of a book, or on any printed sheet. "That imprint of their hands." Buckle. Imprison Im*pris"on (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imprisoning.] [OE. enprisonen, OF. enprisoner, F. emprisonner; pref. en- (L. in) + F. & OF. prison. See Prison.] 1. To put in prison or jail; To arrest and detain in custody; to confine. He imprisoned was in chains remediles. Spenser. 2. To limit, restrain, or confine in any way. Try to imprison the resistless wind. Dryden. Syn. -- To incarcerate; confine; immure. Imprisoner Im*pris"on*er (?), n. One who imprisons. Imprison ment Im*pris"on ment (?), n. [OE. enprisonment; F. emprisonnement.] The act of imprisoning, or the state of being imprisoned; confinement; restraint. His sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment and hard constraint. Spenser. Every confinement of the person is an imprisonment, whether it be in a common prison, or in a private house, or even by foreibly detaining one in the public streets. Blackstone. False imprisonment. (Law) See under False. Syn. -- Incarceration; custody; confinement; durance; restraint. Improbability Im*prob`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Improbabilities (#). [Cf. F. improbabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being improbable; unlikelihood; also, that which is improbable; an improbable event or result. Improbable Im*prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. improbabilis; pref. im- not + probabilis probable: cf. F. improbable. See Probable.] Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under the circumstances or in the usual course of events; as, an improbable story or event. He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an improbable letter, as some of the contents discover. Milton. -- Im*prob"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prob"a*bly, adv. Improbate Im"pro*bate (?), v. t. [L. improbatus, p. p. of improbare to disapprove; pref. im- not + probare to approve.] To disapprove of; to disallow. [Obs.] Improbation Im`pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. improbatio.] 1. The act of disapproving; disapprobation. 2. (Scots Law) The act by which falsehood and forgery are proved; an action brought for the purpose of having some instrument declared false or forged. Bell. Improbative, Improbatory Im"pro*ba*tive (?), Im"pro*ba`to*ry (?), a. Implying, or tending to, improbation. Improbity Im*prob"i*ty (?), n. [L. improbitas; pref. im- not + probitas probity: cf. F. improbit\'82.] Lack of probity; want of integrity or rectitude; dishonesty. Persons . . . cast out for notorious improbity. Hooker. Improficience, Improficiency Im`pro*fi"cience (?), Im`pro*fi"cien*cy, n. Want of proficiency. [R.] Bacon. Improfitable Im*prof"it*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + profitable: cf. F. improfitable.] Unprofitable. [Obs.] Improgressive Im`pro*gress"ive (?), a. Not progressive. De Quincey. -- Im"pro*gress"ive*ly, adv. Improlific Im`pro*lif"ic (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prolific: cf. F. improlifique.] Not prolific. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse. Improlificate Im`pro*lif"ic*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + prolificate.] To impregnate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Imprompt Im*prompt" (?), a. Not ready. [R.] Sterne. Impromptu Im*promp"tu (?), adv. OR a. [F. impromptu, fr. L. in promptu in readiness, at hand; in in + promptus visibility, readiness, from promptus visible, ready. See Prompt.] Offhand; without previous study; extemporaneous; extempore; as, an impromptu verse. Impromptu Im*promp"tu, n. 1. Something made or done offhand, at the moment, or without previous study; an extemporaneous composition, address, or remark. 2. (Mus.) A piece composed or played at first thought; a composition in the style of an extempore piece. Improper Im*prop"er (?), a. [F. impropre, L. improprius; pref. im- not + proprius proper. See Proper.] 1. Not proper; not suitable; not fitted to the circumstances, design, or end; unfit; not becoming; incongruous; inappropriate; indecent; as, an improper medicine; improper thought, behavior, language, dress. Follow'd his enemy king, and did him service, Improper for a slave. Shak. And to their proper operation still, Ascribe all Good; to their improper, Ill. Pope. 2. Not peculiar or appropriate to individuals; general; common. [Obs.] Not to be adorned with any art but such improper ones as nature is said to bestow, as singing and poetry. J. Fletcher. 3. Not according to facts; inaccurate; erroneous. Improper diphthong. See under Diphthong. -- Improper feud, an originalfeud, not earned by military service. Mozley & W. -- Improper fraction. See under Fraction. Improper Im*prop"er, v. t. To appropriate; to limit. [Obs.] He would in like manner improper and inclose the sunbeams to comfort the rich and not the poor. Jewel. Improperation Im*prop`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. improperare, improperatum, to taunt.] The act of upbraiding or taunting; a reproach; a taunt. [Obs.] Improperatios and terms of scurrility. Sir T. Browne Improperia Im`pro*pe"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., reproaches.] (Mus.) A series of antiphons and responses, expressing the sorrowful remonstrance of our Lord with his people; -- sung on the morning of the Good Friday in place of the usual daily Mass of the Roman ritual. Grove. Improperly Im*prop"er*ly (?), adv. In an improper manner; not properly; unsuitably; unbecomingly. Improperty Im*prop"er*ty (?), n. Impropriety. [Obs.] Impropitious Im`pro*pi"tious (?), a. Unpropitious; unfavorable. [Obs.] "Dreams were impropitious." Sir H. Wotton. Improportionable Im`pro*por"tion*a*ble (?), a. Not proportionable. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Improportionate Im`pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. Not proportionate. [Obs.] Impropriate Im*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impropriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impropriating (?).] [Pref. im- in + L. propriatus, p. p. of propriare to appropriate. See Appropriate.] 1. To appropriate to one's self; to assume. [Obs.] To impropriate the thanks to himself. Bacon. 2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To place the profits of (ecclesiastical property) in the hands of a layman for care and disbursement. Impropriate Im*pro"pri*ate, v. i. To become an impropriator. [R.] Impropriate Im*pro"pri*ate (?), a. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Put into the hands of a layman; impropriated. Impropriation Im*pro`pri*a"tion (?), n. 1. The act of impropriating; as, the impropriation of property or tithes; also, that which is impropriated. 2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) (a) The act of putting an ecclesiastical benefice in the hands of a layman, or lay corporation. (b) A benefice in the hands of a layman, or of a lay corporation. Impropriator Im*pro"pri*a`tor (?), n. One who impropriates; specifically, a layman in possession of church property. Impropriatrix Im*pro`pri*a"trix (?), n.; pl. E. -trixes, L. -trices (. A female impropriator. Impropriety Im`pro*pri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Improprieties (#). [L. improprietas; cf. F. impropri\'82t\'82. See Improper.] 1. The quality of being improper; unfitness or unsuitableness to character, time place, or circumstances; as, improperiety of behavior or manners. 2. That which is improper; an unsuitable or improper act, or an inaccurate use of language. But every language has likewise its improprieties and absurdities. Johnson. Many gross improprieties, however authorized by practice, ought to be discarded. Swift. Improsperity Im`pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. improsp\'82rit\'82.] Want of prosperity. [Obs.] Improsperous Im*pros"per*ous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prosperous: cf. F. improsp\'8are, L. improsper.] Not prosperous. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Im*pros"per*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Im*pros"per*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Improvability Im*prov`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being improvable; improvableness. Improvable Im*prov"a*ble (?), a. [From Improve.] 1. Capable of being improved; susceptible of improvement; admitting of being made better; capable of cultivation, or of being advanced in good qualities. Man is accommodated with moral principles, improvable by the exercise of his faculties. Sir M. Hale. I have a fine spread of improvable lands. Addison. 2. Capable of being used to advantage; profitable; serviceable; advantageous. The essays of weaker heads afford improvable hints to better. Sir T. Browne. -- Im*pro"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prov"a*bly, adv. Improve Im*prove" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- not + prove: cf. L. improbare, F. improuver.] 1. To disprove or make void; to refute. [Obs.] Neither can any of them make so strong a reason which another can not improve. Tyndale. 2. To disapprove; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure; as, to improve negligence. [Obs.] Chapman. When he rehearsed his preachings and his doing unto the high apostles, they could improve nothing. Tyndale. Improve Im*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improving.] [Pref. in- in + prove, in approve. See Approve, Prove.] 1. To make better; to increase the value or good qualities of; to ameliorate by care or cultivation; as, to improve land. Donne. I love not to improve the honor of the living by impairing that of the dead. Denham. 2. To use or employ to good purpose; to make productive; to turn to profitable account; to utilize; as, to improve one's time; to improve his means. Shak. We shall especially honor God by improving diligently the talents which God hath committed to us. Barrow. A hint that I do not remember to have seen opened and improved. Addison. The court seldom fails to improve the oppotunity. Blackstone. How doth the little busy bee Improve each shining hour. I. Watts. Those moments were diligently improved. Gibbon. True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion. Washington. 3. To advance or increase by use; to augment or add to; -- said with reference to what is bad. [R.] We all have, I fear, . . . not a little improved the wretched inheritance of our ancestors. Bp. Porteus. Syn. -- To better; meliorate; ameliorate; advance; heighten; mend; correct; recify; amend; reform. Improve Im*prove", v. i. 1. To grow better; to advance or make progress in what is desirable; to make or show improvement; as, to improve in health. We take care to improve in our frugality and diligence. Atterbury. 2. To advance or progress in bad qualities; to grow worse. "Domitain improved in cruelty." Milner. 3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise in value; as, the price of cotton improves. To improve on OR upon, to make useful additions or amendments to, or changes in; to bring nearer to perfection; as, to improve on the mode of tillage. Improvement Im*prove"ment (?), n. 1. The act of improving; advancement or growth; promotion in desirable qualities; progress toward what is better; melioration; as, the improvement of the mind, of land, roads, etc. I look upon your city as the best place of improvement. South. Exercise is the chief source of improvement in all our faculties. Blair. 2. The act of making profitable use or applicaton of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; a turning to good account; practical application, as of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse. "A good improvement of his reason." S. Clarke. I shall make some improvement of this doctrine. Tillotson. 3. The state of being improved; betterment; advance; also, that which is improved; as, the new edition is an improvement on the old. The parts of Sinon, Camilla, and some few others, are improvements on the Greek poet. Addison. 4. Increase; growth; progress; advance. There is a design of publishing the history of architecture, with its several improvements and decays. Addison. Those vices which more particularly receive improvement by prosperity. South. 5. pl. Valuable additions or betterments, as buildings, clearings, drains, fences, etc., on premises. 6. (Patent Laws) A useful addition to, or modification of, a machine, manufacture, or composition. Kent. Improver Im*prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, improves. Improvided Im`pro*vid"ed (?), a. Unforeseen; unexpected; not provided against; unprepared. [Obs.] All improvided for dread of death. E. Hall. Improvidence Im*prov"i*dence (?), n. [L. improvidentia; OF. improvidence. Cf. Imprudence.] The quality of being improvident; want of foresight or thrift. The improvidence of my neighbor must not make me inhuman. L'Estrange. Improvident Im*prov"i*dent (?), a. [Pref. im- not + provident: cf. L. improvidus. See Provident, and cf. Imprudent.] Not provident; wanting foresight or forethought; not foreseeing or providing for the future; negligent; thoughtless; as, an improvident man. Improvident soldires! had your watch been good, This sudden mischief never could have fallen. Shak. Syn. -- Inconsiderable; negligent; careless; shiftless; prodigal; wasteful. Improvidentially Im*prov`i*den"tial*ly (?), adv. Improvidently. [R.] Improvidently Im*prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a improvident manner. "Improvidently rash." Drayton. Improving Im*prov"ing (?), a. Tending to improve, beneficial; growing better. -- Im*prov"ing*ly, adv. Improving lease (Scots Law), an extend lease to induce the tenant to make improvements on the premises. Improvisate Im*prov"i*sate (?), a. [See Improvise.] Unpremeditated; impromptu; extempore. [R.] Improvisate Im*prov"i*sate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Improvisated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improvisating (?).] To improvise; to extemporize. Improvisation Im*prov`i*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. improvisation.] 1. The act or art of composing and rendering music, poetry, and the like, extemporaneously; as, improvisation on the organ. 2. That which is improvised; an impromptu. Improvisatize Im`pro*vis"a*tize (?), v. t. & i. Same as Improvisate. Improvisator Im*prov"i*sa`tor (?), n. An improviser, or improvvisatore. Improvisatore Im`pro*vi`sa*to"re (?), n. See Improvvisatore. Improvisatorial, Improvisatory Im*prov`i*sa*to"ri*al (?), Im*prov"i*sa*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to improvisation or extemporaneous composition. Improvisatrice Im`pro*vi`sa*tri"ce (?), n. See Improvvisatrice. Improvise Im`pro*vise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improvised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improvising.] [F. improviser, it. improvvisare, fr. improvviso unprovided, sudden, extempore, L. improvisus; pref. im- not + provisus foreseen, provided. See Proviso.] 1. To compose, recite, or sing extemporaneously, especially in verse; to extemporize; also, to play upon an instrument, or to act, extemporaneously. 2. To bring about, arrange, or make, on a sudden, or without previous preparation. Charles attempted to improvise a peace. Motley. 3. To invent, or provide, offhand, or on the spur of the moment; as, he improvised a hammer out of a stone. Improvise Im`pro*vise", v. i. To produce or render extemporaneous compositions, especially in verse or in music, without previous preparation; hence, to do anything offhand. Improviser Im`pro*vis"er (?), n. One who improvises. Improvision Im`pro*vi"sion (?), n. [Pref. im- not + provision.] Improvidence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Improviso Im`pro*vi"so (?), a. [L. improvisus unforeseen; cf. It. improvviso.] Not prepared or mediated beforehand; extemporaneous. [Obs.] Jonhson. Improvvisatore Im`prov*vi`sa*to"re (?), n.; pl. Improvvisatori (#). [It. See Improvise.] One who composes and sings or recites rhymes and short poems extemporaneously. [Written also improvisatore.] Improvvisatrice Im`prov*vi`sa*tri"ce (?), n.; pl. Improvvisatrici (#). [It. See Improvise.] A female improvvisatore. [Written also improvisatrice.] Imprudence Im*pru"dence (?), n. [L. imprudentia: cf. F. imprudence. Cf. Improvidence.] The quality or state of being imprudent; want to caution, circumspection, or a due regard to consequences; indiscretion; inconsideration; reshness; also, an imprudent act; as, he was guilty of an imprudence. His serenity was interrupted, perhaps, by his own imprudence. Mickle. Imprudent Im*pru"dent (?), a. [L. imprudens; pref. im- not + prudens prudent: cf. F. imprudent. See Prudent, and cf. Improvident.] Not prudent; wanting in prudence or discretion; indiscreet; injudicious; not attentive to consequence; improper. -- Im*pru"dent*ly, adv. Her majesty took a great dislike at the imprudent behavior of many of the ministers and readers. Strype. _________________________________________________________________ Page 740 Syn. -- Indiscreet; injudicious; incautious; ill-advised; unwise; heedless; careless; rash; negligent. Impuberal Im*pu"ber*al (?), a. Not having arrived at puberty; immature. In impuberal animals the cerebellum is, in proportion to the brain proper, greatly less than in adults. Sir W. Hamilton. Impuberty Im*pu"ber*ty (?), n. The condition of not having reached puberty, or the age of ability to reproduce one's species; want of age at which the marriage contract can be legally entered into. Impudence Im"pu*dence (?), n. [L. impudentia: cf. F. impudence. See Impudent.] The quality of being impudent; assurance, accompanied with a disregard of the presence or opinions of others; shamelessness; forwardness; want of modesty. Clear truths that their own evidence forces us to admit, or common experience makes it impudence to deny. Locke. Where pride and impudence (in fashion knit) Usurp the chair of wit. B. Jonson. Syn. -- Shamelessness; audacity; insolence; effrontery; sauciness; impertinence; pertness; rudeness. -- Impudence, Effrontery, Sauciness. Impudence refers more especially to the feelings as manifested in action. Effrontery applies to some gross and public exhibition of shamelessness. Sauciness refers to a sudden pert outbreak of impudence, especially from an inferior. Impudence is an unblushing kind of impertinence, and may be manifested in words, tones, gestures, looks, etc. Effrontery rises still higher, and shows a total or shameless disregard of duty or decorum under the circumstances of the case. Sauciness discovers itself toward particular individuals, in certain relations; as in the case of servants who are saucy to their masters, or children who are saucy to their teachers. See Impertinent, and Insolent. Impudency Im"pu*den*cy (?), n. Impudence. [Obs.] Burton. Audacious without impudency. Shak. Impudent Im"pu*dent (?), a. [L. impudens, -entis; pref. im- not + pudens ashamed, modest, p. pr. of pudere to feel shame: cf. F. impudent.] Bold, with contempt or disregard; unblushingly forward; impertinent; wanting modesty; shameless; saucy. More than impudent sauciness. Shak. When we behold an angel, not to fear Is to be impudent. Dryden. Syn. -- Shameless; audacious; brazen; bold-faced; pert; immodest; rude; saucy; impertinent; insolent. Impudently Im"pu*dent*ly, adv. In an impudent manner; with unbecoming assurance; shamelessly. At once assail With open mouths, and impudently rail. Sandys. Impudicity Im`pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [L. impudicus immodest; im- not + pudicus shamefaced, modest: cf. F. impudicit\'82, L. impudicitia.] Immodesty. Sheldon. Impugn Im*pugn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impugned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impugning.] [OE. impugnen, F. impugner, fr. L. impugnare; in on, against + pugnare to flight. See Pugnacious.] To attack by words or arguments; to contradict; to assail; to call in question; to make insinuations against; to gainsay; to oppose. The truth hereof I will net rashly pugn, or overboldly affirm. Peacham. Impugnable Im*pugn"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being impugned; that may be gainsaid. Impugnation Im`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. impugnatio: cf. OF. impugnation.] Act of impugning; opposition; attack. [Obs.] A perpetual impugnation and self-conflict. Bp. Hall. Impugner Im*pugn"er (?), n. One who impugns. Impugnment Im*pugn"ment (?), n. The act of impugning, or the state of being impugned. Ed. Rev. Impuissance Im*pu"is*sance (?), n. [Cf. F. impuissance.] Lack of power; inability. Bacon. Their own impuissance and weakness. Holland. Impuissant Im*pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., fr. pref. im- not + puissant. See Puissant.] Weak; impotent; feeble. Impulse Im"pulse (?), n. [L. impulsus, fr. impellere. See Impel.] 1. The act of impelling, or driving onward with sudden force; impulsion; especially, force so communicated as to produced motion suddenly, or immediately. All spontaneous animal motion is performed by mechanical impulse. S. Clarke. 2. The effect of an impelling force; motion produced by a sudden or momentary force. 3. (Mech.) The action of a force during a very small interval of time; the effect of such action; as, the impulse of a sudden blow upon a hard elastic body. 4. A mental force which simply and directly urges to action; hasty inclination; sudden motive; momentary or transient influence of appetite or passion; propension; incitement; as, a man of good impulses; passion often gives a violent impulse to the will. These were my natural impulses for the undertaking. Dryden. Syn. -- Force; incentive; influence; motive; feeling; incitement; instigation. Impulse Im*pulse" (?), v. t. [See Impel.] To impel; to incite. [Obs.] Pope. Impulsion Im*pul"sion (?), n. [L. impulsio: cf. F. impulsion. See Impel.] 1. The act of impelling or driving onward, or the state of being impelled; the sudden or momentary agency of a body in motion on another body; also, the impelling force, or impulse. "The impulsion of the air." Bacon. 2. Influence acting unexpectedly or temporarily on the mind; sudden motive or influence; impulse. "The impulsion of conscience." Clarendon. "Divine impulsion prompting." Milton. Impulsive Im*pul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. impulsif.] 1. Having the power of driving or impelling; giving an impulse; moving; impellent. Poor men! poor papers! We and they Do some impulsive force obey. Prior. 2. Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings. My heart, impulsive and wayward. Longfellow. 3. (Mech.) Acting momentarily, or by impulse; not continuous; -- said of forces. Impulsive Im*pul"sive (?), n. That which impels or gives an impulse; an impelling agent. Sir W. Wotton. Impulsively Im*pul"sive*ly, adv. In an impulsive manner. Impulsiveness Im*pul"sive*ness, n. The quality of being impulsive. Impulsor Im*pul"sor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, impels; an inciter. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Impunctate Im*punc"tate (?), a. Not punctuate or dotted. Impunctual Im*punc"tu*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + punctual: cf. F. imponctuel.] Not punctual. [R.] Impunctuality Im*punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. Neglect of, or failure in, punctuality. [R.] A. Hamilton. Impune Im*pune" (?), a. [L. impunis.] Unpunished. [R.] Impunibly Im*pu"ni*bly (?), adv. Without punishment; with impunity. [Obs.] J. Ellis. Impunity Im*pu"ni*ty (?), n. [L. impunitas, fr. impunis without punishment; pref. im- not + poena punishment: cf. F. impunit\'82. See Pain.] Exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss. Heaven, though slow to wrath, Is neimpunity defied. Cowper. The impunity and also the recompense. Holland. Impuration Im`pu*ra"tion (?), n. Defilement; obscuration. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Impure Im*pure" (?), a. [L. impurus; pref. im- not + purus pure: cf. F. impur. See Pure.] 1. Not pure; not clean; dirty; foul; filthy; containing something which is unclean or unwholesome; mixed or impregnated extraneous substances; adulterated; as, impure water or air; impure drugs, food, etc. 2. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy; unhallowed; -- said of persons or things. 3. Unchaste; lewd; unclean; obscene; as, impure language or ideas. "Impure desires." Cowper. 4. (Script.) Not purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses; unclean. 5. (Language) Not accurate; not idiomatic; as, impure Latin; an impure style. Impure Im*pure", v. t. To defile; to pollute. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Impurely Im*pure"ly, adv. In an impure manner. Impureness Im*pure"ness, n. The quality or condition of being impure; impurity. Milton. Impurity Im*pu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Impurities (#). [L. impuritas: cf. F. impuret\'82.] 1. The condition or quality of being impure in any sense; defilement; foulness; adulteration. Profaneness, impurity, or scandal, is not wit. Buckminster. 2. That which is, or which renders anything, impure; foul matter, action, language, etc.; a foreign ingredient. Foul impurities reigned among the monkish clergy. Atterbury. 3. (Script.) Want of ceremonial purity; defilement. Impurple Im*pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impurpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impurpling (?).] [Pref. im- in + purple. Cf. Empurple.] To color or tinge with purple; to make red or reddish; to purple; as, a field impurpled with blood. Impurpled with celestial roses, smiled. Milton. The silken fleece impurpled for the loom. Pope. Inputability In*put`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imputable; imputableness. Imputable Im*put"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. imputable.] 1. That may be imputed; capable of being imputed; chargeable; ascribable; attributable; referable. A prince whose political vices, at least, were imputable to mental incapacity. Prescott. 2. Accusable; culpable. [R.] The fault lies at his door, and she is no wise imputable. Ayliffe. Imputableness Im*put"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being imputable. Imputably Im*put"a*bly, adv. By imputation. Imputation Im`pu*ta"tion (?), [L. imputatio an account, a charge: cf. F. imputation.] 1. The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription; also, anything imputed or charged. Shylock. Antonio is a good man. Bassanio. Have you heard any imputation to the contrary? Shak. If I had a suit to Master Shallow, I would humor his men with the imputation of being near their master. Shak. 2. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation. Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these groundless imputation of our enemies. Addison. 3. (Theol.) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another; as, the imputation of the sin of Adam, or the righteousness of Christ. 4. Opinion; intimation; hint. Imputative Im*put"a*tive (?), a. [L. imputativus: cf. F. imputatif.] Transferred by imputation; that may be imputed. -- Im*put"a*tive*ly, adv. Actual righteousness as well as imputative. Bp. Warburton. Impute Im*pute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imputing.] [F. imputer, L. imputare to bring into the reckoning, charge, impute; pref. im- in + putare to reckon, think. See Putative.] 1. To charge; to ascribe; to attribute; to set to the account of; to charge to one as the author, responsible originator, or possessor; -- generally in a bad sense. Nor you, ye proud, impute to these the fault, If memory o'er their tomb no trophies raise. Gray. One vice of a darker shade was imputed to him -- envy. Macaulay. 2. (Theol.) To adjudge as one's own (the sin or righteousness) of another; as, the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us. It was imputed to him for righteousness. Rom. iv. 22. They merit Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Their own, both righteous and unrighteous deeds. Milton. 3. To take account of; to consider; to regard. [R.] If we impute this last humiliation as the cause of his death. Gibbon. Syn. -- To ascribe; attribute; charge; reckon; consider; imply; insinuate; refer. See Ascribe. Imputer Im*put"er (?), n. One who imputes. Imputrescible Im`pu*tres"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- + putrescible: cf. F. imputrescible.] Not putrescible. Imrigh Im"righ (?), n. [Scot.; Gael. chicken soup.] A peculiar strong soup or broth, made in Scotland. [Written also imrich.] In- In- (?). [See In, prep. Cf. Em-, En-.] A prefix from Eng. prep. in, also from Lat. prep. in, meaning in, into, on, among; as, inbred, inborn, inroad; incline, inject, intrude. In words from the Latin, in- regularly becomes il- before l, ir- before r, and im- before a labial; as, illusion, irruption, imblue, immigrate, impart. In- is sometimes used with an simple intensive force. In- In- (?). [L. in-; akin to E. un-. See Un-.] An inseparable prefix, or particle, meaning not, non-, un- as, inactive, incapable, inapt. In- regularly becomes il- before l, ir- before r, and im- before a labial. -in -in. A suffix. See the Note under -ine. In In, prep. [AS. in; akin to D. & G. in, Icel. \'c6, Sw. & Dan. i, OIr. & L. in, Gr. In-, Inn.] The specific signification of in is situation or place with respect to surrounding, environment, encompassment, etc. It is used with verbs signifying being, resting, or moving within limits, or within circumstances or conditions of any kind conceived of as limiting, confining, or investing, either wholly or in part. In its different applications, it approaches some of the meanings of, and sometimes is interchangeable with, within, into, on, at, of, and among. It is used: -- 1. With reference to space or place; as, he lives in Boston; he traveled in Italy; castles in the air. The babe lying in a manger. Luke ii. 16. Thy sun sets weeping in the lowly west. Shak. Situated in the forty-first degree of latitude. Gibbon. Matter for censure in every page. Macaulay. 2. With reference to circumstances or conditions; as, he is in difficulties; she stood in a blaze of light. "Fettered in amorous chains." Shak. Wrapt in sweet sounds, as in bright veils. Shelley. 3. With reference to a whole which includes or comprises the part spoken of; as, the first in his family; the first regiment in the army. Nine in ten of those who enter the ministry. Swift. 4. With reference to physical surrounding, personal states, etc., abstractly denoted; as, I am in doubt; the room is in darkness; to live in fear. When shall we three meet again, In thunder, lightning, or in rain? Shak. 5. With reference to character, reach, scope, or influence considered as establishing a limitation; as, to be in one's favor. "In sight of God's high throne." Milton. Sounds inharmonious in themselves, and harsh. Cowper. 6. With reference to movement or tendency toward a certain limit or environment; -- sometimes equivalent to into; as, to put seed in the ground; to fall in love; to end in death; to put our trust in God. He would not plunge his brother in despair. Addison. She had no jewels to deposit in their caskets. Fielding. 7. With reference to a limit of time; as, in an hour; it happened in the last century; in all my life. In as much as, OR Inasmuch as, in the degree that; in like manner as; in consideration that; because that; since. See Synonym of Because, and cf. For as much as, under For, prep. -- In that, because; for the reason that. "Some things they do in that they are men . . . ; some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error." Hooker. -- In the name of, in behalf of; on the part of; by authority; as, it was done in the name of the people; -- often used in invocation, swearing, praying, and the like. -- To be in for it. (a) To be in favor of a thing; to be committed to a course. (b) To be unable to escape from a danger, penalty, etc. [Colloq.] -- To be (OR keep) in with. (a) To be close or near; as, to keep a ship in with the land. (b) To be on terms of friendship, familiarity, or intimacy with; to secure and retain the favor of. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Into; within; on; at. See At. In In, adv. 1. Not out; within; inside. In, the preposition, becomes an adverb by omission of its object, leaving it as the representative of an adverbial phrase, the context indicating what the omitted object is; as, he takes in the situation (i. e ., he comprehends it in his mind); the Republicans were in (i. e., in office); in at one ear and out at the other (i. e., in or into the head); his side was in (i. e., in the turn at the bat); he came in (i. e., into the house). Their vacation . . . falls in so pat with ours. Lamb. NOTE: &hand; Th e sails of a vessel are said, in nautical language, to be in when they are furled, or when stowed. In certain cases in has an adjectival sense; as, the in train (i. e., the incoming train); compare up grade, down grade, undertow, afterthought, etc. 2. (Law) With privilege or possession; -- used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin; as, in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband. Burrill. In and in breeding. See under Breeding. -- In and out (Naut.), through and through; -- said of a through bolt in a ship's side. Knight. -- To be in, to be at home; as, Mrs. A. is in. -- To come in. See under Come. In In, n. NOTE: [Usually in the plural.] 1. One who is in office; -- the opposite of out. 2. A re\'89ntrant angle; a nook or corner. Ins and outs, nooks and corners; twists and turns.<-- (b) (with "of") the peculiarities or technicalities (of a subject) --> All the ins and outs of this neighborhood. D. Jerrold. _________________________________________________________________ Page 741 In In (?), v. t. To inclose; to take in; to harvest. [Obs.] He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop. Shak. Inability In`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + ability: cf. F. inhabilet\'82. See Able, and cf. Unable.] The quality or state of being unable; lack of ability; want of sufficient power, strength, resources, or capacity. It is not from an inability to discover what they ought to do, that men err in practice. Blair. Syn. -- Impotence; incapacity; incompetence; weakness; powerlessness; incapability. See Disability. Inable In*a"ble (?), v. t. See Enable. Inablement In*a"ble*ment (?), n. See Enablement. [Obs.] Inabstinence In*ab"sti*nence (?), n. [Pref. in- not + abstinence: cf. F. inabstinence.] Want of abstinence; indulgence. [Obs.] "The inabstinence of Eve." Milton. Inabstracted In`ab*stract"ed (?), a. Not abstracted. Inabusively In`a*bu"sive*ly (?), adv. Without abuse. Inaccessibility In`ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaccessibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness. "The inaccessibility of the precipice." Bp. Butler. Inaccessible In`ac*cess"i*ble (?), a. [L. inaccessibilis: cf. F. inaccessible. See In- not, and Accessible.] Not accessible; not to be reached, obtained, or approached; as, an inaccessible rock, fortress, document, prince, etc. -- In`ac*cess"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`ac*cess"i*bly, adv. Inaccordant In`ac*cord"ant (?), a. Not accordant; discordant. Inaccuracy In*ac"cu*ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Inaccuracies (. 1. The quality of being inaccurate; want of accuracy or exactness. 2. That which is inaccurate or incorrect; mistake; fault; defect; error; as, in inaccuracy in speech, copying, calculation, etc. Inaccurate In*ac"cu*rate (?), a. Not accurate; not according to truth; inexact; incorrect; erroneous; as, in inaccurate man, narration, copy, judgment, calculation, etc. The expression is plainly inaccurate. Bp. Hurd. Syn. -- Inexact; incorrect; erroneous; faulty; imperfect; incomplete; defective. Inaccurately In*ac"cu*rate*ly, adv. In an inaccurate manner; incorrectly; inexactly. Inacquaintance In`ac*quaint"ance (?), a. Want of acquaintance. Good. Inacquiescent In*ac`qui*es"cent (?), a. Not acquiescent or acquiescing. Inaction In*ac"tion (?), n. [Pref. in. not + action: cf. inaction.] Want of action or activity; forbearance from labor; idleness; rest; inertness. Berkeley. Inactive In*ac"tive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + active: cf. F. inactif.] 1. Not active; having no power to move; that does not or can not produce results; inert; as, matter is, of itself, inactive. 2. Not disposed to action or effort; not diligent or industrious; not busy; idle; as, an inactive officer. 3. (Chem. & Opt.) Not active; inert; esp., not exhibiting any action or activity on polarized light; optically neutral; -- said of isomeric forms of certain substances, in distinction from other forms which are optically active; as, racemic acid is an inactive tartaric acid. Syn. -- Inert; dull; sluggish; idle; indolent; slothful; lazy. See Inert. Inactively In*ac"tive*ly, adv. In an inactive manner. Locke. Inactivity In`ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inactivit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being inactive; inertness; as, the inactivity of matter. 2. Idleness; habitual indisposition to action or exertion; want of energy; sluggishness. The gloomy inactivity of despair. Cook. Inactose In*ac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A variety of sugar, found in certain plants. It is optically inactive. Inactuate In*ac"tu*ate (?), v. t. To put in action. [Obs.] Inactuation In*ac`tu*a"tion (?), n. Operation. [Obs.] Inadaptation In*ad`ap*ta"tion (?), n. Want of adaptation; unsuitableness. Inadequacy In*ad"e*qua*cy (?), n. [From Inadequate.] The quality or state of being inadequate or insufficient; defectiveness; insufficiency; inadequateness. The inadequacy and consequent inefficacy of the alleged causes. Dr. T. Dwight. Inadequate In*ad"e*quate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + adequate: cf. F. inad\'82quat.] Not adequate; unequal to the purpose; insufficient; deficient; as, inadequate resources, power, conceptions, representations, etc. Dryden. -- In*ad"e*quate*ly, adv. -- In*ad"e*quate*ness, n. Inadequation In*ad`e*qua"tion (?), n. Want of exact correspondence. [Obs.] Puller. Inadherent In`ad*her"ent (?), a. 1. Not adhering. 2. (Bot.) Free; not connected with the other organs. Inadhesion In`ad*he"sion (?), n. Want of adhesion. Inadmissibility In`ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inadmissibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being inadmissible, or not to be received. Inadmissible In`ad*mis"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + admissible: cf. F. inadmissible.] Not admissible; not proper to be admitted, allowed, or received; as, inadmissible testimony; an inadmissible proposition, or explanation. -- In`ad*mis"si*bly, adv. Inadvertence; pl. -ces , Inadvertency In`ad*vert"ence (?); pl. -ces (, In`ad*vert"en*cy (?); pl. -cies (, n. [Cf. F. inadvertance.] 1. The quality of being inadvertent; lack of heedfulness or attentiveness; inattention; negligence; as, many mistakes proceed from inadvertence. Inadvertency, or want of attendance to the sense and intention of our prayers. Jer. Taylor. 2. An effect of inattention; a result of carelessness; an oversight, mistake, or fault from negligence. The productions of a great genius, with many lapses an inadvertencies, are infinitely preferable to works of an inferior kind of author which are scrupulously exact. Addison. Syn. -- Inattention; heedlessness; carelessness; negligence; thoughtlessness. See Inattention. Inadvertent In`ad*vert"ent (?), a. [Cf. F. inadvertant. See 2d In-, and Advert.] Not turning the mind to a matter; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive. An inadvertent step may crush the snail That crawls at evening in the public path. Cowper. -- In`ad*vert"ent*ly, adv. Inadvisable In`ad*vis"a*ble (?), a. Not advisable. -- In`ad*vis"a*ble*ness, n. Inaffability In*af`fa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaffabilit\'82.] Want of affability or sociability; reticence. Inaffable In*af"fa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + affable.] Not affable; reserved in social intercourse. Inaffectation In*af`fec*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + affectation: cf. F. inaffectation.] Freedom from affectation; naturalness. [R.] Inaffected In`af*fect"ed (?), a. Unaffected. [Obs.] -- In`af*fect"ed*ly, adv. [Obs.] Inaidable In*aid"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being assisted; helpless. [R.] Shak. Inalienability In*al`ien*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inalienable. Inalienable In*al"ien*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + alienable: cf. F. inali\'82nable.] Incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred to another; not alienable; as, in inalienable birthright. Inalienableness In*al"ien*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inalienable; inalienability. Inalienably In*al"ien*a*bly, adv. In a manner that forbids alienation; as, rights inalienably vested. Inalimental In*al`i*men"tal (?), a. Affording no aliment or nourishment. [Obs.] Bacon. Inalterability In*al`ter*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inalt\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality of being unalterable or unchangeable; permanence. Inalterable In*al"ter*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + alterable: cf. F. inalt\'82rable.] Not alterable; incapable of being altered or changed; unalterable. -- In*al"ter*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*al"ter*a*bly, adv. Inamiable In*a"mi*a*ble (?), a. Unamiable. [Obs.] -- In*a"mi*a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] Inamissible In`a*mis"si*ble (?), a. [L. inamissibilis: cf. F. inamissible.] Incapable of being lost. [R.] Hammond. -- In`a*mis"si*ble*ness, n. [R.] Inamorata In*a`mo*ra"ta (?), n. [It. innamorata, fem., innamorato, masc., p. p. of innamorare to inspire with love. See Enamor.] A woman in love; a mistress. "The fair inamorata." Sherburne. Inamorate In*am"o*rate (?), a. Enamored. Chapman. -- In*am"o*rate*ly, adv. [R.] Inamorato In*a`mo*ra"to (?), n.; pl. Inamoratos (#). [See Inamorata.] A male lover. Inamovable In`a*mov"a*ble (?), a. Not amovable or removable. [R.] Palgrave. In-and-in In"-and-in" (?), n. An old game played with four dice. In signified a doublet, or two dice alike; in-and-in, either two doubles, or the four dice alike. In and an In and an, a. & adv. Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same parentage. See under Breeding. Inane In*ane" (?), a. [L. inanis.] Without contents; empty; void of sense or intelligence; purposeless; pointless; characterless; useless. "Vague and inane instincts." I. Taylor. -- In*ane"ly, adv. Inane In*ane", n. That which is void or empty. [R.] The undistinguishable inane of infinite space. Locke. Inangular In*an"gu*lar (?), a. Not angular. [Obs.] Inaniloquent, Inaniloquous In`a*nil"o*quent (?), In`a*nil"o*quous (?), a. [L. inanis empty + loqui to speak.] Given to talking inanely; loquacious; garrulous. [R.] Inanimate In*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in (or intensively) + animate.] To animate. [Obs.] Donne. Inanimate In*an"i*mate (?), a. [L. inanimatus; pref. in- not + animatus animate.] Not animate; destitute of life or spirit; lifeless; dead; inactive; dull; as, stones and earth are inanimate substances. Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves. Byron. Syn. -- Lifeless; dead; inert; inactive; dull; soulless; spiritless. See Lifeless. Inanimated In*an"i*ma`ted (?), a. Destitute of life; lacking animation; unanimated. Pope. Inanimateness In*an"i*mate*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being inanimate. The deadness and inanimateness of the subject. W. Montagu. Inanimation In*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. [See 2d Inanimate.] Want of animation; lifeless; dullness. Inanimation In*an`i*ma"tion, n. [See 1st Inanimate.] Infusion of life or vigor; animation; inspiration. [Obs.] The inanimation of Christ living and breathing within us. Bp. Hall. Inanitiate In`a*ni"ti*ate (?), v. t. To produce inanition in; to exhaust for want of nourishment. [R.] Inanitiation In`a*ni`ti*a"tion (?), n. Inanition. [R.] Inanition In`a*ni"tion (?), n. [F. inanition, L. inanitio emptiness, fr. inanire to empty, fr. inanis empty. Cf. Inane.] The condition of being inane; emptiness; want of fullness, as in the vessels of the body; hence, specifically, exhaustion from want of food, either from partial or complete starvation, or from a disorder of the digestive apparatus, producing the same result. Feeble from inanition, inert from weariness. Landor. Repletion and inanition may both do harm in two contrary extremes. Burton. Inanity In*an"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inanities (#). [L. inanitas, fr. inanis empty: cf. F. inanit\'82. See Inane.] 1. Inanition; void space; vacuity; emptiness. 2. Want of seriousness; aimlessness; frivolity. 3. An inane, useless thing or pursuit; a vanity; a silly object; -- chiefly in pl.; as, the inanities of the world. Inantherate In*an"ther*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Not bearing anthers; -- said of sterile stamens. In antis In an"tis (?). [L.] (Arch.) Between ant\'91; -- said of a portico in classical style, where columns are set between two ant\'91, forming the angles of the building. See Anta. Inapathy In*ap"a*thy (?), n. Sensibility; feeling; -- opposed to apathy. [R.] Inappealable In`ap*peal"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting of appeal; not appealable. Coleridge. Inappeasable In`ap*peas"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being appeased or satisfied; unappeasable. Inappellability In`ap*pel`la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inappellable; finality. The inappellability of the councils. Coleridge. Inappellable In`ap*pel"la*ble (?), a. Inappealable; final. Inappetence, Inappetency In*ap"pe*tence (?), In*ap"pe*ten*cy (?), n. [Pref. in- not + appetence: cf. F. inapp\'82tence.] Want of appetency; want of desire. Inapplicability In*ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inapplicabilit\'82.] The quality of being inapplicable; unfitness; inapplicableness. Inapplicable In*ap"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + applicable.] Not applicable; incapable of being applied; not adapted; not suitable; as, the argument is inapplicable to the case. J. S. Mill. Syn. -- Unsuitable; unsuited; unadapted; inappropriate; inapposite; irrelevant. -- In*ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. -- In*ap"pli*ca*bly, adv. Inapplication In*ap`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + application: cf. F. inapplication.] Want of application, attention, or diligence; negligence; indolence. Inapposite In*ap"po*site (?), a. Not apposite; not fit or suitable; not pertinent. -- In*ap"po*site*ly, adv. Inappreciable In`ap*pre"ci*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + appreciable: cf. F. inappr\'82ciable.] Not appreciable; too small to be perceived; incapable of being duly valued or estimated. Hallam. Inappreciation In`ap*pre"ci*a"tion (?), n. Want of appreciation. Inapprehensible In*ap`pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. inapprehensibilis: cf. F. inappr\'82hensible.] Not apprehensible; unintelligible; inconceivable. Milton. Inapprehension In*ap`pre*hen"sion (?), n. Want of apprehension. Inapprehensive In*ap`pre*hen"sive (?), a. Not apprehensive; regardless; unconcerned. Jer. Taylor. Inapproachable In`ap*proach"a*ble (?), a. Not approachable; unapproachable; inaccessible; unequaled. -- In`ap*proach"a*bly, adv. Inappropriate In`ap*pro"pri*ate (?), a. Not instrument (to); not appropriate; unbecoming; unsuitable; not specially fitted; -- followed by to or for. -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv. -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n. Inapt In*apt" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + apt: cf. F. inapte. Cf. Inept.] Unapt; not apt; unsuitable; inept. -- In*apt"ly, adv. -- In*apt"ness, n. Inaptitude In*apt"i*tude (?), n. [In- + aptitude: cf. F. inaptitude. Cf. In.] Want of aptitude. Inaquate In*a"quate (?), a. [L. inaquatus, p. p. of inaquare to make into water; pref. in- in + aqua water.] Embodied in, or changed into, water. [Obs.] Cranmer. Inaquation In`a*qua"tion (?), n. The state of being inaquate. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner. Inarable In*ar"a*ble (?), a. Not arable. [R.] Inarch In*arch" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inarched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inarching.] To graft by uniting, as a scion, to a stock, without separating either from its root before the union is complete; -- also called to graft by approach. P. Miler. Inarching In*arch"ing, n. A method of ingrafting. See Inarch. Inarticulate In`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [L. inarticulatus; pref. in- not + articulatus articulate.] 1. Not uttered with articulation or intelligible distinctness, as speech or words. Music which is inarticulate poesy. Dryden. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Not jointed or articulated; having no distinct body segments; as, an inarticulate worm. (b) Without a hinge; -- said of an order (Inarticulata or Ecardines) of brachiopods. 3. Incapable of articulating. [R.] The poor earl, who is inarticulate with palsy. Walpole. <-- 4. incapable of expressing one's ideas or feelings clearly. --> Inarticulated In`ar*tic"u*la`ted (?), a. Not articulated; not jointed or connected by a joint. Inarticulately In`ar*tic"u*late*ly (?), adv. In an inarticulate manner. Hammond. Inarticulateness In`ar*tic"u*late*ness, n. The state or quality of being inarticulate. Inarticulation In`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inarticulation.] Inarticulateness. Chesterfield. Inartificial In*ar`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [Pref. in- not + artificial: cf. F. inartificiel.] Not artificial; not made or elaborated by art; natural; simple; artless; as, an inartificial argument; an inartificial character. -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv. -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n. Inasmuch In`as*much" (?), adv. [In + as + much.] In like degree; in like manner; seeing that; considering that; since; -- followed by as. See In as much as, under In, prep. Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. Matt. xxv. 45.Syn. -- Because; since; for; as. See Because. Inattention In`at*ten"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + attention: cf. F. inattention.] Want of attention, or failure to pay attention; disregard; heedlessness; neglect. Novel lays attract our ravished ears; But old, the mind inattention hears. Pope. Syn. -- Inadvertence; heedlessness; negligence; carelessness; disregard; remissness; thoughtlessness; neglect. -- Inattention, Inadvertence. We miss seeing a thing through inadvertence when do not happen to look at it; through inattention when we give no heed to it, though directly before us. The latter is therefore the worse. Inadvertence may be an involuntary accident; inattention is culpable neglect. A versatile mind is often inadvertent; a careless or stupid one is inattentive. ______________________________________________________________ Page 742 Inattentive In`at*ten"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. inattentif.] Not attentive; not fixing the mind on an object; heedless; careless; negligent; regardless; as, an inattentive spectator or hearer; an inattentive habit. I. Watts. Syn. -- Careless; heedless; regardless; thoughtless; negligent; remiss; inadvertent. -- In`at*ten"tive*ly, adv. -- In`at*ten"tive*ness, n. Inaudibility In*au`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inaudible; inaudibleness. Inaudible In*au"di*ble (?), a. [L. inaudibilis; pref. in- not + audire to hear: cf. F. unaudible. See In- not, and Audible.] Not audible; incapable of being heard; silent. -- In*au"di*ble*ness, n. -- In*au"di*bly, adv. Inaugur In*au"gur (?), v. t. [Cf. F. inaugurer. See Inaugurate.] To inaugurate. [Obs.] Latimer. Inaugural In*au"gu*ral (?), a. [Cf. F. inaugural.] Pertaining to, or performed or pronounced at, an inauguration; as, an inaugural address; the inaugural exercises. Inaugural In*au"gu*ral, n. An inaugural address. [U.S.] Inaugurate In*au"gu*rate (?), a. [L. inauguratus, p. p. of inaugurare to take omens from the flight of birds (before entering upon any important undertaking); hence, to consecrate, inaugurate, or install, with such divination; pref. in- in + augurare, augurari, to augur. See Augur.] Invested with office; inaugurated. Drayton. Inaugurate In*au"gu*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inaugurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inaugurating (?).] 1. To introduce or induct into an office with suitable ceremonies or solemnities; to invest with power or authority in a formal manner; to install; as, to inaugurate a president; to inaugurate a king. Milton. 2. To cause to begin, esp. with formality or solemn ceremony; hence, to set in motion, action, or progress; to initiate; -- used especially of something of dignity or worth or public concern; as, to inaugurate a new era of things, new methods, etc. As if kings did closes remarkable days to inaugurate their favors. Sir H. Wotton. 3. To celebrate the completion of, or the first public use of; to dedicate, as a statue. [Colloq.] 4. To begin with good omens. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. Inauguration In*au`gu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. inauguratio a beginning: cf. F. inauguration.] 1. The act of inuagurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies. At his regal inauguration, his old father resigned the kingdom to him. Sir T. Browne. 2. The formal beginning or initiation of any movement, course of action, etc.; as, the inauguration of a new system, a new condition, etc. Inaugurator In*au"gu*ra`tor (?), n. One who inaugurates. Inauguratory In*au"gu*ra*to*ry (?), a. Suitable for, or pertaining to, inauguration. Johnson. Inaurate In*au"rate (?), a. [L. inauratus, p. p. inaurare to gild; pref. in- in + aurum gold.] Covered with gold; gilded. Inaurate In*au"rate (?), v. t. To cover with gold; to gild. Inauration In`au*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inauration.] The act or process of gilding or covering with gold. Inauspicate In*aus"pi*cate (?), a. [L. inauspicatus; pref. in- not + auspicatus, p. p. auspicari. See Auspicate.] Inauspicious [Obs.] Sir G. Buck. Inauspicious In`aus*pi"cious (?), a. Not auspicious; ill-omened; unfortunate; unlucky; unfavorable. "Inauspicious stars." Shak. "Inauspicious love." Dryden. -- In`aus*pi"cious*ly, adv. -- In`aus*pi"cious*ness, n. Inauthoritative In`au*thor"i*ta*tive (?), a. Without authority; not authoritative. Inbarge In"barge (?), v. t. & i. To embark; to go or put into a barge. [Obs.] Drayton. Inbeaming In"beam`ing (?), n. Shining in. South. Inbeing In"be`ing (?), n. Inherence; inherent existence. I. Watts. Inbind In*bind" (?), v. t. To inclose. [Obs.] Fairfax. Inblown In"blown` (?), a. Blown in or into. [Obs.] Inboard In"board` (?), a. & adv. 1. (Naut.) Inside the line of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; the opposite of outboard; as, an inboard cargo; haul the boom inboard. 2. (Mech.) From without inward; toward the inside; as, the inboard stroke of a steam engine piston, the inward or return stroke. Inborn In"born` (?), a. Born in or with; implanted by nature; innate; as, inborn passions. Cowper. Syn. -- Innate; inherent; natural. Inbreak, Inbreaking In"break` (?), In"break`ing, n. A breaking in; inroad; invasion. Inbreathe In*breathe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbreathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreathing.] To infuse by breathing; to inspire. Coleridge. Inbred In"bred` (?), a. Bred within; innate; as, inbred worth. "Inbred sentiments." Burke. Inbreed In*breed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreeding.] [Cf. Imbreed.] 1. To produce or generate within. Bp. Reynolds. To inbreed and cherish . . . the seeds of virtue. Milton. 2. To breed in and in. See under Breed, v. i. Inburning In"burn`ing (?), a. Burning within. Her inburning wrath she gan abate. Spenser. Inburnt In"burnt` (?), a. Burnt in; ineffaceable. Her inburnt, shamefaced thoughts. P. Fletcher. Inburst In"burst` (?), n. A bursting in or into. Inc Inc (?), n. A Japanese measure of length equal to about two and one twelfth yards. [Written also ink.] Inca In"ca (?), n. (a) An emperor or monarch of Peru before, or at the time of, the Spanish conquest; any member of this royal dynasty, reputed to have been descendants of the sun. (b) pl. The people governed by the Incas, now represented by the Quichua tribe. Inca dove (Zo\'94l.), a small dove (Scardafella inca), native of Arizona, Lower California, and Mexico. Incage In*cage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incaging (?).] [Cf. Encage.] To confine in, or as in, a cage; to coop up. [Written also encage.] "Incaged birds." Shak. Incagement In*cage"ment (?), n. Confinement in, or as in, cage. [Obs.] Shelton. Incalculability In*cal`cu*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incalculable. Incalculable In*cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + calculable: cf. F. incalculable.] Not capable of being calculated; beyond calculation; very great. -- In*cal"cu*la*ble*ness, n. -- In*cal"cu*la*bly, adv. Incalescence In`ca*les"cence (?), n. The state of being incalescent, or of growing warm. Sir T. Browne. Incalescency In`ca*les"cen*cy (?), n. Incalescence. Ray. Incalescent In`ca*les"cent (?), a. [L. incalescens, -entis, p. pr. of incalescere to grow hot. See 1st In-, and Calescence.] Growing warm; increasing in heat. Incameration In*cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + L. camera chamber, LL., also, jurisdiction: cf. F. incam\'82ration, It. incamerazione.] (R. C. Ch.) The act or process of uniting lands, rights, or revenues, to the ecclesiastical chamber, i. e., to the pope's domain. Incan In"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Incas. Incandescence In`can*des"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. incandescence.] A white heat, or the glowing or luminous whiteness of a body caused by intense heat. Incandescent In`can*des"cent (?), a. [L. incandecens, -entis, p. pr. of incandescere to become warm or hot; pref. in- in + candescere to become of a glittering whiteness, to become red hot, incho. fr. candere to be of a glittering whiteness: cf. F. incandescent. See Candle.] White, glowing, or luminous, with intense heat; as, incandescent carbon or platinum; hence, clear; shining; brilliant. Holy Scripture become resplendent; or, as one might say, incandescent throughout. I. Taylor. Incandescent lamp OR light (Elec.), a kind of lamp in which the light is produced by a thin filament of conducting material, usually carbon<-- usually tungsten! -->, contained in a vacuum, and heated to incandescence by an electric current, as in the Edison lamp; -- called also incandescence lamp, and glowlamp.<-- incandescent bulb -- the light bulb used in an incandescent lamp; contrasted with fluorescent lamp and fluorescent bulb --> Incanescent In`ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L. incanescens, p. pr. incanescere to become gray.] Becoming hoary or gray; canescent. Incanous In*ca"nous (?), a. [L. incanus; pref. in- in + canus hoary.] (Bot.) Hoary with white pubescence. Incantation In`can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incantatio, fr. incantare to chant a magic formula over one: cf. F. incantation. See Enchant.] 1. The act or process of using formulas sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or affecting other magical results; enchantment. "Mysterious ceremony and incantation." Burke. 2. A formula of words used as above. Incantatory In*cant"a*to*ry (?), a. Dealing by enchantment; magical. Sir T. Browne. Incanting In*cant"ing, a. Enchanting. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert. Incanton In*can"ton (?), v. t. To unite to, or form into, a canton or separate community. Addison. Incapability In*ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. 1. The quality of being incapable; incapacity. Suckling. 2. (Law) Want of legal qualifications, or of legal power; as, incapability of holding an office. Incapable In*ca"pa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + capable: cf. F. incapable, L. incapabilis incomprehensible.] 1. Wanting in ability or qualification for the purpose or end in view; not large enough to contain or hold; deficient in physical strength, mental or moral power, etc.; not capable; as, incapable of holding a certain quantity of liquid; incapable of endurance, of comprehension, of perseverance, of reform, etc. 2. Not capable of being brought to do or perform, because morally strong or well disposed; -- used with reference to some evil; as, incapable of wrong, dishonesty, or falsehood. 3. Not in a state to receive; not receptive; not susceptible; not able to admit; as, incapable of pain, or pleasure; incapable of stain or injury. 4. (Law) Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense; as, a man under thirty-five years of age is incapable of holding the office of president of the United States; a person convicted on impeachment is thereby made incapable of holding an office of profit or honor under the government. 5. (Mil.) As a term of disgrace, sometimes annexed to a sentence when an officer has been cashiered and rendered incapable of serving his country. NOTE: &hand; Incapable is often used elliptically. Is not your father grown incapable of reasonable affairs? Shak. Syn. -- Incompetent; unfit; unable; insufficient; inadequate; deficient; disqualified. See Incompetent. Incapable In*ca"pa*ble, n. One who is morally or mentally weak or inefficient; an imbecile; a simpleton. Incapableness In*ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incapable; incapability. Incapably In*ca"pa*bly, adv. In an incapable manner. Incapacious In`ca*pa"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + capacious: cf. L. incapax incapable.] Not capacious; narrow; small; weak or foolish; as, an incapacious soul. Bp. Burnet. -- In`ca*pa"cious*ness, n. Incapacitate In`ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incapacitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incapacitating (?).] [Pref. in- not + capacitate.] 1. To deprive of capacity or natural power; to disable; to render incapable or unfit; to disqualify; as, his age incapacitated him for war. 2. (Law) To deprive of legal or constitutional requisites, or of ability or competency for the performance of certain civil acts; to disqualify. It absolutely incapacitated them from holding rank, office, function, or property. Milman. Incapacitation In`ca*pac`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of incapacitating or state of being incapacitated; incapacity; disqualification. Burke. Incapacity In`ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incapacities (. [Cf. F. incapacit\'82.] 1. Want of capacity; lack of physical or intellectual power; inability. 2. (Law) Want of legal ability or competency to do, give, transmit, or receive something; inability; disqualification; as, the inacapacity of minors to make binding contracts, etc. Syn. -- Inability; incapability; incompetency; unfitness; disqualification; disability. Incapsulate In*cap"su*late (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To inclose completely, as in a membrane. Incapsulation In*cap`su*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The process of becoming, or the state or condition of being, incapsulated; as, incapsulation of the ovum in the uterus. Incarcerate In*car"cer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarcerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incarcerating (?).] [Pref. in- in + L. carceratus, p. p. of carcerare to imprison, fr. carcer prison.] 1. To imprison; to confine in a jail or priso 2. To confine; to shut up or inclose; to hem in. Incarcerated hernia (Med.), hernia in which the constriction can not be easily reduced. Incarcerate In*car"cer*ate (?), a. Imprisoned. Dr. H. More. Incarceration In*car`cer*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incarc\'82ration.] 1. The act of confining, or the state of being confined; imprisonment. Glanvill. 2. (Med.) (a) Formerly, strangulation, as in hernia. (b) A constriction of the hernial sac, rendering it irreducible, but not great enough to cause strangulation. Incarcerator In*car"cer*a`tor (?), n. One who incarcerates. Incarn In*carn" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. incarner. See Incarnate.] To cover or invest with flesh. [R.] Wiseman. Incarn In*carn", v. i. To develop flesh. [R.] Wiseman. Incarnadine In*car"na*dine (?), a. [F. incarnadin, It. incarnatino; L. pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. Cf. Carnation, Incarnate.] Flesh-colored; of a carnation or pale red color. [Obs.] Lovelace. Incarnadine In*car"na*dine, v. t. To dye red or crimson. Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. Shak. Incarnate In*car"nate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + carnate.] Not in the flesh; spiritual. [Obs.] I fear nothing . . . that devil carnate or incarnate can fairly do. Richardson. Incarnate In*car"nate, a. [L. incarnatus, p. p. of incarnare to incarnate, pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.] 1. Invested with flesh; embodied in a human nature and form; united with, or having, a human body. Here shalt thou sit incarnate. Milton. He represents the emperor and his wife as two devils incarnate, sent into the world for the destruction of mankind. Jortin. 2. Flesh-colored; rosy; red. [Obs.] Holland. Incarnate In*car"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarnated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incarnating (?).] To clothe with flesh; to embody in flesh; to invest, as spirits, ideals, etc., with a human from or nature. This essence to incarnate and imbrute, That to the height of deity aspired. Milton. Incarnate In*car"nate, v. i. To form flesh; to granulate, as a wound. [R.] My uncle Toby's wound was nearly well -- 't was just beginning to incarnate. Sterne. Incarnation In`car*na"tion (?), n. [F. incarnation, LL. incarnatio.] 1. The act of clothing with flesh, or the state of being so clothed; the act of taking, or being manifested in, a human body and nature. 2. (Theol.) The union of the second person of the Godhead with manhood in Christ. 3. An incarnate form; a personification; a manifestation; a reduction to apparent from; a striking exemplification in person or act. She is a new incarnation of some of the illustrious dead. Jeffrey. The very incarnation of selfishness. F. W. Robertson. 4. A rosy or red color; flesh color; carnation. [Obs.] 5. (Med.) The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh; granulation. Incarnative In*car"na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. incarnatif.] Causing new flesh to grow; healing; regenerative. -- n. An incarnative medicine. Incarnification In*car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Incarnation, and -fy.] The act of assuming, or state of being clothed with, flesh; incarnation. Incase In*case" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incasing.] [F. encaisser; pref. en- (L. in) + caisse case. See Case a box, and cf. Encase, Enchase.] To inclose in a case; to inclose; to cover or surround with something solid. Rich plates of gold the folding doors incase. Pope. Incasement In*case"ment (?), n. [Cf. Casement.] 1. The act or process of inclosing with a case, or the state of being incased. 2. That which forms a case, covering, or inclosure. Incask In*cask" (?), v. t. To cover with a casque or as with a casque. Sherwood. Incastellated In*cas"tel*la`ted (?), a. Confined or inclosed in a castle. Incastelled In*cas"telled (?), a. (Far.) Hoofbound. Crabb. Incatenation In*cat`e*na"tion (?), n. [LL. incatenatio; L. pref. in- in + catena chain. See Enchain.] The act of linking together; enchaining. [R.] Goldsmith. Incaution In*cau"tion (?), n. Want of caution. Pope. Incautious In*cau"tious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + cautious: cf. L. incautus.] Not cautious; not circumspect; not attending to the circumstances on which safety and interest depend; heedless; careless; as, an incautious step; an incautious remark. _________________________________________________________________ Page 743 You . . . incautious tread On fire with faithless embers overspread. Francis. His rhetorical expressions may easily captivate any incautious reader. Keill. Syn. -- Unwary; indiscreet; inconsiderate; imprudent; impolitic; careless; heedless; thoughtless. -- In*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- In*cau"tious*ness, n. Incavated In"ca*va`ted (?), a. [L. incavatus, p. p. of incavare to make hollow: pref in- in + cavare to hollow out, fr. cavus hollow.] Made hollow; bent round or in. Incavation In`ca*va"tion (?), n. Act of making hollow; also, a hollow; an exvation; a depression. Incaved In*caved" (?), a. [Pref. in- in + cave. Cf. Encave, Incavated.] Inclosed in a cave. Incaverned In*cav"erned (?), a. Inclosed or shut up as in a cavern. Drayton. Incedingly In*ced"ing*ly (?), adv. [L. incedere to walk majestically.] Majestically. [R.] C. Bront\'82. Incelebrity In`ce*leb"ri*ty (?), n. Want of celebrity or distinction; obscurity. [R.] Coleridge. Incend In*cend" (?), v. t. [L. incendere, incensum, to kindle, burn. See Incense to inflame.] To inflame; to excite. [Obs.] Marston. Incendiarism In*cen"di*a*rism (?), n. [From Incendiary.] The act or practice of maliciously setting fires; arson. Incendiary In*cen"di*a*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incendiaries (#). [L. incendiarius: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.] 1. Any person who maliciously sets fire to a building or other valuable or other valuable property. 2. A person who excites or inflames factions, and promotes quarrels or sedition; an agitator; an exciter. Several cities . . . drove them out as incendiaries. Bentley. Incendiary In*cen"di*a*ry, a. [L. incendiarius, fr. incendium a fire, conflagration: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.] 1. Of or pertaining to incendiarism, or the malicious burning of valuable property; as, incendiary material; as incendiary crime. 2. Tending to excite or inflame factions, sedition, or quarrel; inflammatory; seditious. Paley. Incendiary shell, a bombshell. See Carcass, 4. Incendious In*cen"di*ous (?), a. [L. incendiosus burning, hot.] Promoting faction or contention; seditious; inflammatory. [Obs.] Bacon. -- In*cen"di*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Incensant In*cen"sant (?), a. [See Incense to anger.] (Her.) A modern term applied to animals (as a boar) when borne as raging, or with furious aspect. Incensation In`cen*sa"tion (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) The offering of incense. [R.] Encyc. Brit. Incense In*cense" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [L. incensus, p. p. of incendere; pref. in- in + root of candere to glow. See Candle.] 1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle; to burn. [Obs.] Twelve Trojan princes wait on thee, and labor to incense Thy glorious heap of funeral. Chapman. 2. To inflame with anger; to endkindle; to fire; to incite; to provoke; to heat; to madden. The people are incensed him. Shak. Syn. -- To enrage; exasperate; provoke; anger; irritate; heat; fire; instigate. Incense In"cense (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [LL. incensare: cf. F. encenser. See Incense, n.] 1. To offer incense to. See Incense. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To perfume with, or as with, incense. "Incensed with wanton sweets." Marston. Incense In"cense (?), n. [OE. encens, F. encens, L. incensum, fr. incensus, p. p. of incendere to burn. See Incense to inflame.] 1. The perfume or odors exhaled from spices and gums when burned in celebrating religious rites or as an offering to some deity. A thick of incense went up. Ezek. viii. 11. 2. The materials used for the purpose of producing a perfume when burned, as fragrant gums, spices, frankincense, etc. Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon. Lev. x. 1. 3. Also used figuratively. Or heap the shrine of luxury and pride, With incense kindled at the Muse's flame. Gray. Incense tree , the name of several balsamic trees of the genus Bursera (or Icica) mostly tropical American. The gum resin is used for incense. In Jamaica the Chrysobalanus Icaco, a tree related to the plums, is called incense tree. -- Incense wood, the fragrant wood of the tropical American tree Bursera heptaphylla. Incensebreathing In"cense*breath`ing (?), a. Breathing or exhaling incense. "Incense-breathing morn." Gray. Incensed In*censed" (?), a. 1. Angered; enraged. 2. (Her.) Represented as enraged, as any wild creature depicted with fire issuing from mouth and eyes. Incensement In*cense"ment (?), n. Fury; rage; heat; exasperation; as, implacable incensement. Shak. Incenser In*cen"ser (?), n. One who instigates or incites. Incension In*cen"sion (?), n. [L. incensio. See Incense to inflame.] The act of kindling, or the state of being kindled or on fire. Bacon. Incensive In*cen"sive (?), a. Tending to excite or provoke; inflammatory. Barrow. Incensor In*cen"sor (?), n. [L.] A kindler of anger or enmity; an inciter. Incensory In*cen"so*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incensories (#). [LL. incensorium: cf. F. encensoir. See 2d Incense, and cf. Censer.] The vessel in which incense is burned and offered; a censer; a thurible. [R.] Evelyn. Incensurable In*cen"sur*a*ble (?; 135), a. [Pref. in- not + censurable: cf. F. incensurable.] Not censurable. Dr. T. Dwight. -- In*cen"sur*a*bly, adv. Incenter In*cen"ter (?), n. (Geom.) The center of the circle inscribed in a triangle. Incentive In*cen"tive (?), a. [L. incentivus, from incinere to strike up or set the tune; pref. in- + canere to sing. See Enchant, Chant.] 1. Inciting; encouraging or moving; rousing to action; stimulative. Competency is the most incentive to industry. Dr. H. More. 2. Serving to kindle or set on fire. [R.] Part incentive reed Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire. Milton. Incentive In*cen"tive, n. [L. incentivum.] That which moves or influences the mind, or operates on the passions; that which incites, or has a tendency to incite, to determination or action; that which prompts to good or ill; motive; spur; as, the love of money, and the desire of promotion, are two powerful incentives to action. The greatest obstacles, the greatest terrors that come in their way, are so far from making them quit the work they had begun, that they rather prove incentives to them to go on in it. South. Syn. -- Motive; spur; stimulus; incitement; encouragement; inducement; influence. Incentively In*cen"tive*ly, adv. Incitingly; encouragingly. Inception In*cep"tion (?), n. [L. inceptio, fr. incipere to begin; pref. in- in + capere to take. See Capable.] 1. Beginning; commencement; initiation. Bacon. Marked with vivacity of inception, apathy of progress, and prematureness of decay. Rawle. 2. Reception; a taking in. [R.] Poe. Inceptive In*cep"tive (?), a. Beginning; expressing or indicating beginning; as, an inceptive proposition; an inceptive verb, which expresses the beginning of action; -- called also inchoative. -- In*cep"tive*ly, adv. Inceptive In*cep"tive, n. An inceptive word, phrase, or clause. Inceptor In*cep"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. A beginner; one in the rudiments. Johnson. 2. One who is on the point of taking the degree of master of arts at an English university. Walton. Inceration In`cer*a"tion (?), n. [L. incerare to smear with wax; pref. in- in + cerare to wax, fr. cera wax: cf. F. inc\'82ration.] The act of smearing or covering with wax. B. Jonson. Incerative In*cer"a*tive (?), a. Cleaving or sticking like wax. Cotgrave. Incertain In*cer"tain (?), n. [Pref. in- not + certain: cf. F. incertain, L. incertus. See Certain.] Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady. -- In*cer"tain*ly, adv. Very questionable and of uncertain truth. Sir T. Browne. Incertainty In*cer"tain*ty (?), n. Uncertainty. [Obs.] Shak. Incertitude In*cer"ti*tude (?), n. [Cf. F. incertitude, LL. incertitudo, fr. L. incertus. See Incertain.] Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt. The incertitude and instability of this life. Holland. He fails . . . from mere incertitude or irresolution. I. Taylor. Incertum In*cer"tum (?), a. Doubtful; not of definite form. Opus incertum (Anc. Arch.), a kind of masonry employed in building walls, in which the stones were not squared nor laid in courses; rubblework. Incessable In*ces"sa*ble (?), a. [L. incessabilis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease.] Unceasing; continual. [Obs.] Shelton. -- In*ces"sa*bly, adv. [Obs.] Incessancy In*ces"san*cy (?), n. [From Incessant.] The quality of being incessant; unintermitted continuance; unceasingness. Dr. T. Dwight. Incessant In*ces"sant (?), a. [L. incessans, -antis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease: cf. F. incessant. See Cease.] Continuing or following without interruption; unceasing; unitermitted; uninterrupted; continual; as, incessant clamors; incessant pain, etc. Against the castle gate, . . . Which with incessant force and endless hate, They batter'd day and night and entrance did await. Spenser. Syn. -- Unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; unremitting; ceaseless; continual; constant; perpetual. Incessantly In*ces"sant*ly, adv. Unceasingly; continually. Shak. Incession In*ces"sion (?), n. [L. incedere, incessum, to walk.] Motion on foot; progress in walking. [Obs.] The incession or local motion of animals. Sir T. Browne. Incest In"cest (?), n. [F. inceste, L. incestum unchastity, incest, fr. incestus unchaste; pref. in- not + castus chaste. See Chaste.] The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law. Shak. Spiritual incest. (Eccl. Law) (a) The crime of cohabitation committed between persons who have a spiritual alliance by means of baptism or confirmation. (b) The act of a vicar, or other beneficiary, who holds two benefices, the one depending on the collation of the other. Incesttuous In*cest"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. incestuosus: cf. F. incestueux.] Guilty of incest; involving, or pertaining to, the crime of incest; as, an incestuous person or connection. Shak. Ere you reach to this incestuous love, You must divine and human rights remove. Dryden. -- In*cest"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- In*cest"tu*ous*ness, n. Inch Inch (?), n. [Gael. inis.] An island; -- often used in the names of small islands off the coast of Scotland, as in Inchcolm, Inchkeith, etc. [Scot.] Inch Inch, n. [OE. inche, unche, AS. ynce, L. uncia the twelfth part, inch, ounce. See Ounce a weight.] 1. A measure of length, the twelfth part of a foot, commonly subdivided into halves, quarters, eights, sixteenths, etc., as among mechanics. It was also formerly divided into twelve parts, called lines, and originally into three parts, called barleycorns, its length supposed to have been determined from three grains of barley placed end to end lengthwise. It is also sometimes called a prime (\'b7), composed of twelve seconds (\'b7\'b7), as in the duodecimal system of arithmetic. <-- \'b7 is the same symbol as the light accent, or the "minutes" of an arc. The "seconds" synbol should actually have the two strokes closer than in repeated "minutes". Here, \'b7\'b7 will be interpreted as "seconds" --> 12 seconds (\'b7\'b7) make 1 inch or prime. 12 inches or primes (\'b7) make 1 foot. B. Greenleaf. NOTE: &hand; The meter, the accepted scientific standard of length, equals 39.37 inches; the inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters. See Metric system, and Meter. 2. A small distance or degree, whether or time Beldame, I think we watched you at an inch. Shak. By inches, by slow degrees, gradually. -- Inch of candle. See under Candle. -- Inches of pressure, usually, the pressure indicated by so many inches of a mercury column, as on a steam gauge. -- Inch of water. See under Water. -- Miner's inch, (Hydraulic Mining), a unit for the measurement of water. See Inch of water, under Water. Inch Inch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inching.] 1. To drive by inches, or small degrees. [R.] He gets too far into the soldier's grace And inches out my master. Dryden. 2. To deal out by inches; to give sparingly. [R.] Inch Inch, v. i. To advance or retire by inches or small degrees; to move slowly. With slow paces measures back the field, And inches to the walls. Dryden. Inch Inch, a. Measurement an inch in any dimension, whether length, breadth, or thickness; -- used in composition; as, a two-inch cable; a four-inch plank. Inch stuff, boards, etc., sawed one inch thick. Inchamber In*cham"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inchambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inchambering.] [Pref. in- in + chamber: cf. OF. enchambrer.] To lodge in a chamber. [R.] Sherwood. Inchangeability In*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Unchangeableness. [Obs.] Kenrick. Inchant In*chant" (?), v. t. See Enchant. Incharitable In*char"i*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. incharitable.] Uncharitable; unfeeling. [Obs.] Shak. Incharity In*char"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incharit\'82.] Want of charity. [Obs.] Evelyn. Inchase In*chase" (?), v. t. See Enchase. Inchastity In*chas"ti*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + chastity: cf. F. inchastet\'82.] Unchastity. [Obs.] Milton. Inched Inched (?), a. Having or measuring (so many) inches; as, a four-inched bridge. Shak. Inchest In*chest" (?), v. t. To put into a chest. Inchipin Inch"i*pin (?), n. See Inchpin. Inchmeal Inch"meal` (?), n. [See Meal a part, and cf. Piecemeal.] A piece an inch long. By inchmeal, by small degrees; by inches. Shak. Inchmeal Inch"meal`, adv. Little by little; gradually. Inchoate In"cho*ate (?), a. [L. inchoatus, better incohatus, p. p. of incohare to begin.] Recently, or just, begun; beginning; partially but not fully in existence or operation; existing in its elements; incomplete. -- In"cho*ate*ly, adv. Neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate. Raleigh. Inchoate In"cho*ate (?), v. t. To begin. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Inchoation In`cho*a"tion (?), n. [L. inchoatio, incohatio.] Act of beginning; commencement; inception. The setting on foot some of those arts, in those parts, would be looked on as the first inchoation of them. Sir M. Hale. It is now in actual progress, from the rudest inchoation to the most elaborate finishing. I. Taylor. Inchoative In*cho"a*tive (?; 277), a. [L. inchoativus, incohativus: cf. F. inchoatif.] Expressing or pertaining to a beginning; inceptive; as, an inchoative verb. "Some inchoative or imperfect rays." W. Montagu. -- n. An inchoative verb. See Inceptive. Inchpin Inch"pin (?), n. [Written also inchipin, inche-pinne, inne-pinne.] [Cf. Gael. inne, innidh, bowel, entrail.] The sweetbread of a deer. Cotgrave. Inchworm Inch"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of any geometrid moth. See Geometrid. Incicurable In*cic"u*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incicur not tame; pref. in- not + cicur name.] Untamable. [R.] Incide In*cide" (?), v. t. [L. incidere; pref. in- in + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Incise.] To cut; to separate and remove; to resolve or break up, as by medicines. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. Incidence In"ci*dence (?), n. [Cf. F. incidence.] 1. A falling on or upon; an incident; an event. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 2. (Physics) The direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, falls on any surface. In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of refractions. Sir I. Newton. Angle of incidence, the angle which a ray of light, or the line of incidence of a body, falling on any surface, makes with a perpendicular to that surface; also formerly, the complement of this angle. -- Line of incidence, the line in the direction of which a surface is struck by a body, ray of light, and the like. Incidency In"ci*den*cy (?), n. Incidence. [Obs.] Shak. Incident In"ci*dent (?), a. [L. incidens, -entis, p. pr. & of incidere to fall into or upon; pref. in- in, on + cadere to fall: cf. F. incident. See Cadence.] 1. Falling or striking upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting surface. 2. Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous. As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general laws, so likewise men's rarer incident necessities and utilities should be with special equity considered. Hooker. 3. Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining. All chances incident to man's frail life. Milton. The studies incident to his profession. Milward. 4. (Law) Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the principal. Incident proposition (Logic), a proposition subordinate to another, and introduced by who, which, whose, whom, etc.; as, Julius, whose surname was C\'91sar, overcame Pompey. I. Watts. Incident In"ci*dent, n. [Cf. F. incident.] 1. That which falls out or takes place; an event; casualty; occurrence. _________________________________________________________________ Page 744 2. That which happens aside from the main design; an accidental or subordinate action or event. No person, no incident, in a play but must be of use to carry on the main design. Dryden. 3. (Law) Something appertaining to, passing with, or depending on, another, called the principal. Tomlins. Syn. -- Circumstance; event; fact; adventure; contingency; chance; accident; casualty. See Event. Incindental In`cin*den"tal (?), a. Happening, as an occasional event, without regularity; coming without design; casual; accidental; hence, not of prime concern; subordinate; collateral; as, an incidental conversation; an incidental occurrence; incidental expenses. By some, religious duties . . . appear to be regarded . . . as an incidental business. Rogers. Syn. -- Accidental; casual; fortuitous; contingent; chance; collateral. See Accidental. -- In`cen*den"tal*ly, adv. -- In`cen*den"tal*ness, n. I treat either or incidentally of colors. Boyle. Incendental In`cen*den"tal, n. An incident; that which is incidental; esp., in the plural, an aggregate of subordinate or incidental items not particularized; as, the expense of tuition and incidentals. Pope. Incidently In"ci*dent*ly (?), adv. Incidentally. [Obs.] Incinerable In*cin"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being incinerated or reduced to ashes. Sir T. Browne. Incinerate In*cin"er*ate (?), [LL. incineratus, p. p. of incinerare to incinerate; L. pref. in- in + cinis, cineris, ashes.] Reduced to ashes by burning; thoroughly consumed. [Obs.] Bacon. Incinerate In*cin"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incinerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incinerating (?).] To burn to ashes; to consume; to burn. Bacon. It is the fire only that incinerates bodies. Boyle. Incineration In*cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [LL. incineratio: cf. F. incin\'82ration.] The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated; cremation. The phenix kind, Of whose incineration, There riseth a new creation. Skelton. Incipience, Incipiency In*cip"i*ence (?), In*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. incipientia.] Beginning; commencement; incipient state. Incipient In*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. incipiens, p. pr. of incipere to begin. See Inception.] Beginning to be, or to show itself; commencing; initial; as, the incipient stage of a fever; incipient light of day. -- In*cip"i*ent*ly, adv. Incircle In*cir"cle (?), v. t. See Encircle. Incirclet In*cir"clet (?), n. [Cf. Encirclet.] A small circle. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Incircumscriptible In*cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumscriptible: cf. LL. incircumscriptibilis.] Incapable of being circumscribed or limited. Cranmer. Incircumscription In*cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. Condition or quality of being incircumscriptible or limitless. Jer. Taylor. Incircumspect In*cir"cum*spect (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumspect.] Not circumspect; heedless; careless; reckless; impolitic. Tyndale. Incircumspection In*cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incirconspection.] Want of circumspection. Sir T. Browne. Incise In*cise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incising.] [L. incisus, p. p. of incidere to incise: cf. F. inciser. See Incide.] 1. To cut in or into with a sharp instrument; to carve; to engrave. I on thy grave this epitaph incise. T. Carew. 2. To cut, gash, or wound with a sharp instrument; to cut off. Incised In*cised" (?), a. 1. Cut in; carved; engraved. 2. (Bot.) Having deep and sharp notches, as a leaf or a petal. Incisely In*cise"ly (?), adv. In an incised manner. Incision In*ci"sion (?), n. [L. incisio: cf. F. incision. See Incise.] 1. The act of incising, or cutting into a substance. Milton. 2. That which is produced by incising; the separation of the parts of any substance made by a cutting or pointed instrument; a cut; a gash. 3. Separation or solution of viscid matter by medicines. [Obs.] Incisive In*ci"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. incisif.] 1. Having the quality of incising, cutting, or penetrating, as with a sharp instrument; cutting; hence, sharp; acute; sarcastic; biting. "An incisive, high voice." G. Eliot. And her incisive smile accrediting That treason of false witness in my blush. Mrs. Browning. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the incisors; incisor; as, the incisive bones, the premaxillaries. Incisor In*ci"sor (?; 277), n. [NL.] (Anat.) One of the teeth in front of the canines in either jaw; an incisive tooth. See Tooth. Incisor In*ci"sor, a. Adapted for cutting; of or pertaining to the incisors; incisive; as, the incisor nerve; an incisor foramen; an incisor tooth. Incisory In*ci"so*ry (?), a. Having the quality of cutting; incisor; incisive. Incisure In*cis"ure (?; 277), n. [L. incisura: cf. F. incisure.] A cut; an incision; a gash. Derham. Incitant In*cit"ant (?), a. [L. incitans, -antis, p. pr. of incitare. See Incite.] Inciting; stimulating. Incitant In*cit"ant, n. That which incites; an inciting agent or cause; a stimulant. E. Darwin. Incitation In`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incitatio: cf. F. incitation.] 1. The act of inciting or moving to action. 2. That which incites to action; that which rouses or prompts; incitement; motive; incentive. The noblest incitation to honest attempts. Tatler. Incitative In*cit"a*tive (?), n. A provocative; an incitant; a stimulant. [R.] Jervas. Incite In*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inciting.] [L. incitare; pref. in- in + citare to rouse, stir up: cf. F. inciter. See Cite.] To move to action; to stir up; to rouse; to spur or urge on. Anthiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in war, set before him the greatness of the Romans. Bacon. No blown ambition doth our arms incite. Shak. Syn. -- Excite; stimulate; instigate; spur; goad; arouse; move; urge; rouse; provoke; encourage; prompt; animate. See Excite. Incitement In*cite"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. incitement.] 1. The act of inciting. 2. That which incites the mind, or moves to action; motive; incentive; impulse. Burke. From the long records of a distant age, Derive incitements to renew thy rage. Pope. Syn. -- Motive; incentive; spur; stimulus; impulse; encouragement. Inciter In*cit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incites. Incitingly In*cit"ing*ly, adv. So as to incite or stimulate. Incito-motor In*ci`to-mo"tor (?), a. [L. incitus incited + E. motor.] (Physiol.) Inciting to motion; -- applied to that action which, in the case of muscular motion, commences in the nerve centers, and excites the muscles to contraction. Opposed to excito-motor. Incito-motory In*ci`to-mo"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Incitomotor. Incivil In*civ"il (?), a. [L. incivilis; pref. in- not + civilis civil: cf. F. incivil.] Uncivil; rude. [Obs.] Shak. Incivility In`ci*vil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incivilities (#). [L. incivilitas: cf. F. incivilit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being uncivil; want of courtesy; rudeness of manner; impoliteness. Shak. Tillotson. 2. Any act of rudeness or ill breeding. Uncomely jests, loud talking and jeering, which, in civil account, are called indecencies and incivilities. Jer. Taylor. 3. Want of civilization; a state of rudeness or barbarism. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh. Syn. -- Impoliteness; uncourteousness; unmannerliness; disrespect; rudeness; discourtesy. Incivilization In*civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civilization.] The state of being uncivilized; want of civilization; barbarism. Incivilly In*civ"il*ly (?), adv. Uncivilly. [Obs.] Shak. Incivism In*civ"ism (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civism: cf. F. incivisme.] Want of civism; want of patriotism or love to one's country; unfriendliness to one's state or government. [R.] Macaulay. Inclamation In`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. inclamatio. See 1st In-, and Claim.] Exclamation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Inclasp In*clasp" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + clasp. Cf. Enclasp.] To clasp within; to hold fast to; to embrace or encircle. [Written also enclasp.] The flattering ivy who did ever see Inclasp the huge trunk of an aged tree. F. Beaumont. Inclaudent In*clau"dent (?), a. Not closing or shutting. Inclavated In"cla*va`ted (?), a. [LL. inclavatus; L. pref. in- in + clavare to fasten with nails, fr. clavus nail.] Set; fast; fixed. Dr. John Smith. Inclave In*clave" (?), a. [See Inclavated.] (Her.) Resembling a series of dovetails; -- said of a line of division, such as the border of an ordinary. Incle In"cle (?), n. Same as Inkle. Inclemency In*clem"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inclemencies (#). [L. inclementia: cf. F. incl\'82mence.] 1. The state or quality of being inclement; want of clemency; want of mildness of temper; unmercifulness; severity. The inclemency of the late pope. Bp. Hall. 2. Physical severity or harshness (commonly in respect to the elements or weather); roughness; storminess; rigor; severe cold, wind, rain, or snow. The inclemencies of morning air. Pope. The rude inclemency of wintry skies. Cowper. Syn. -- Harshness; severity; cruelty; rigor; roughness; storminess; boisterousness. Inclement In*clem"ent (?), a. [L. inclemens; pref. in- not + clemens mild: cf. F. incl\'82ment. See Clement.] 1. Not clement; destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh. 2. Physically severe or harsh (generally restricted to the elements or weather); rough; boisterous; stormy; rigorously cold, etc.; as, inclement weather. Cowper. The guard the wretched from the inclement sky. Pope. Teach us further by what means to shun The inclement seasons, rain, ice, hail, and snow! Milton. Inclemently In*clem"ent*ly, adv. In an inclement manner. Inclinable In*clin"a*ble (?), a. [L. inclinabilis. See Incline.] 1. Leaning; tending. Likely and inclinable to fall. Bentley. 2. Having a propensity of will or feeling; leaning in disposition; disposed; propense; as, a mind inclinable to truth. Whatsoever other sins he may be inclinable to. South. The very constitution of a multitude is not so inclinable to save as to destroy. Fuller. Inclinableness In*clin"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being inclinable; inclination. Inclinnation In`clin*na"tion (?), n. [L. inclinatio: cf. F. inclination.] 1. The act of inclining, or state of being inclined; a leaning; as, an inclination of the head. 2. A direction or tendency from the true vertical or horizontal direction; as, the inclination of a column, or of a road bed. 3. A tendency towards another body or point 4. (Geom.) The angle made by two lines or planes; as, the inclination of the plane of the earth's equator to the plane of the ecliptic is about 23° 28\'b7; the inclination of two rays of light. 5. A leaning or tendency of the mind, feelings, preferences, or will; propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another; favor; desire; love. A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a willing of that thing. South. How dost thou find the inclination of the people? Shak. 6. A person or thing loved or admired. Sir W. Temple. 7. (Pharm.) Decantation, or tipping for pouring. Inclination compass, an inclinometer. -- Inclination of an orbit (Astron.), the angle which the orbit makes the ecliptic. -- Inclination of the needle. See Dip of the needle, under Dip. Syn. -- Bent; tendency; proneness; bias; proclivity; propensity; prepossession; predilection; attachment; desire; affection; love. See Bent, and cf. Disposition. Inclinatory In*clin"a*to*ry (?; 277), a. Having the quality of leaning or inclining; as, the inclinatory needle. -- In*clin"a*to*ri*ly (#), adv. Sir T. Browne. Incline In*cline" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inclined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inclining.] [OE. inclinen, enclinen, OF. encliner, incliner, F. incliner, L. inclinare; pref. in- in + clinare to bend, incline; akin to E. lean. See Lean to incline.] 1. To deviate from a line, direction, or course, toward an object; to lean; to tend; as, converging lines incline toward each other; a road inclines to the north or south. 2. Fig.: To lean or tend, in an intellectual or moral sense; to favor an opinion, a course of conduct, or a person; to have a propensity or inclination; to be disposed. Their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech. Judges ix. 3. Power finds its balance, giddy motions cease In both the scales, and each inclines to peace. Parnell. 3. To bow; to incline the head. Chaucer. Syn. -- To lean; slope; slant; tend; bend. Incline In*cline", v. t. 1. To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction; to give a leaning, bend, or slope to; as, incline the column or post to the east; incline your head to the right. Incline thine ear, O Lord, and hear. Is. xxxvii. 17. 2. To impart a tendency or propensity to, as to the will or affections; to turn; to dispose; to influence. Incline my heart unto thy testimonies. Ps. cxix. 36. Incline our hearts to keep this law. Book of Com. Prayer. 3. To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; as, to incline the head or the body in acts of reverence or civility. With due respect my body I inclined. Dryden. Incline In*cline", n. An inclined plane; an ascent o Inclined In*clined" (?), p. p. & a. 1. Having a leaning or tendency towards, or away from, a thing; disposed or moved by wish, desire, or judgment; as, a man inclined to virtue. "Each pensively inclined." Cowper. 2. (Math.) Making an angle with some line or plane; -- said of a line or plane. 3. (Bot.) Bent out of a perpendicular position, or into a curve with the convex side uppermost. Inclined plane. (Mech.) (a) A plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane. When used to produce pressure, or as a means of moving bodies, it is one of the mechanical powers, so called. (b) (Railroad & Canal) An inclined portion of track, on which trains or boats are raised or lowered from one level to another. Incliner In*clin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inclines; specifically, an inclined dial. Inclining In*clin"ing, a. (Bot.) Same as Inclined, 3. Inclining In*clin"ing, n. 1. Inclination; disposition. On the first inclining towards sleep. Burke. 2. Party or side chosen; a following. Both you of my inclining, and the rest. Shak. Inclinnometer In`clin*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Incline + -meter.] (Magnetism) An apparatus to determine the inclination of the earth's magnetic force to the plane of the horizon; -- called also inclination compass, and dip circle. Inclip In*clip" (?), v. t. To clasp; to inclose. Whate'er the ocean pales, or sky inclips. Shak. Incloister In*clois"ter (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + cloister: cf. F. enclo\'8ctrer. Cf. Encloister.] To confine as in a cloister; to cloister. Lovelace. Inclose In*close" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inclosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inclosing.] [See Enclose, and cf. Include.] [Written also enclose.] 1. To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; to include; to shut up; to encompass; as, to inclose a fort or an army with troops; to inclose a town with walls. How many evils have inclosed me round! Milton. 2. To put within a case, envelope, or the like; to fold (a thing) within another or into the same parcel; as, to inclose a letter or a bank note. The inclosed copies of the treaty. Sir W. Temple. 3. To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands. Blackstone. 4. To put into harness; to harness. [Obs.] They went to coach and their horse inclose. Chapman. Incloser In*clos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incloses; one who fences off land from common grounds. Inclosure In*clo"sure (?; 135), n. [See Inclose, Enclosure.] [Written also enclosure.] 1. The act of inclosing; the state of being inclosed, shut up, or encompassed; the separation of land from common ground by a fence. 2. That which is inclosed or placed within something; a thing contained; a space inclosed or fenced up. Within the inclosure there was a great store of houses. Hakluyt. 3. That which incloses; a barrier or fence. Breaking our inclosures every morn. W. Browne. Incloud In*cloud" (?), v. t. To envelop as in clouds; to darken; to obscure. Milton. _________________________________________________________________ Page 745 Include In*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Included; p. pr. & vb. n. Including.] [L. includere, inclusum; pref. in- in + claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Enclose.] 1. To confine within; to hold; to contain; to shut up; to inclose; as, the shell of a nut includes the kernel; a pearl is included in a shell. 2. To comprehend or comprise, as a genus the species, the whole a part, an argument or reason the inference; to contain; to embrace; as, this volume of Shakespeare includes his sonnets; he was included in the invitation to the family; to and including page twenty-five. <-- usu. up to and including . . . --> The whole included race, his purposed prey. Milton. The loss of such a lord includes all harm. Shak. 3. To conclude; to end; to terminate. [Obs.] Come, let us go; we will include all jars With triumphs, mirth, and rare solemnity. Shak. Syn. -- To contain; inclose; comprise; comprehend; embrace; involve. Included In*clud"ed (?), a. Inclosed; confined. Included stamens (Bot.), such as are shorter than the floral envelopes, or are concealed within them. Includible In*clud"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being included. Inclusa In*clu"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. inclusus, p. p. of includere to shut in.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of bivalve mollusks, characterized by the closed state of the mantle which envelops the body. The ship borer (Teredo navalis) is an example. Inclusion In*clu"sion (?), n. [L. inclusio: cf. F. inclusion. See Include.] 1. The act of including, or the state of being included; limitation; restriction; as, the lines of inclusion of his policy. Sir W. Temple. 2. (Min.) A foreign substance, either liquid or solid, usually of minute size, inclosed in the mass of a mineral. Inclusive In*clu"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. inclusif.] 1. Inclosing; encircling; surrounding. The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow. Shak. 2. Comprehending the stated limit or extremes; as, from Monday to Saturday inclusive, that is, taking in both Monday and Saturday; -- opposed to exclusive. <-- see include, v.t. 2 --> Inclusively In*clu"sive*ly, adv. In an inclusive manner. Incoach In*coach" (?), v. t. To put a coach. Incoact, Incoacted In`co*act" (?), In`co*act"ed (?), a. [L. incoactus; pref. in- not + coactus forced. See Coact.] Not compelled; unconstrained. [Obs.] Coles. Incoagulable In`co*ag"u*la*ble (?), a. Not coagulable. Incoalescence In`co*a*les"cence (?), n. The state of not coalescing. Incocted In*coct"ed (?), a. [Cf. Concoct.] Raw; indigestible. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Incoercible In`co*er"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + coercible: cf. F. incoercible.] 1. Not to be coerced; incapable of being compelled or forced. 2. (Physics) Not capable of being reduced to the form of a liquid by pressure; -- said of any gas above its critical point; -- also particularly of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide, formerly regarded as incapable of liquefaction at any temperature or pressure. 3. (Physics) That can note be confined in, or excluded from, vessels, like ordinary fluids, gases, etc.; -- said of the imponderable fluids, heat, light, electricity, etc. Incoexistence In`co*ex*ist"ence (?), n. The state of not coexisting. [Obs.] Locke. Incog In*cog" (?), adv. Incognito. [Colloq.] Depend upon it -- he'll remain incog. Addison. Incogitable In*cog"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. incogitabilis; pref. in- not + cogitabilis cogitable.] Not cogitable; inconceivable. Sir T. More. Incogitance, Incogitancy In*cog"i*tance (?), In*cog"i*tan*cy (?), n. [L. incogitantia.] Want of thought, or of the power of thinking; thoughtlessness; unreasonableness. 'T is folly and incogitancy to argue anything, one way or the other, from the designs of a sort of beings with whom we so little communicate. Glanvill. Incogitant In*cog"i*tant (?), a. [L. incogitans; pref. in- not + cogitans, p. pr. of cogitare to think. See Cogitate.] Toughtless; inconsiderate. [R.] Milton. Men are careless and incogitant. J. Goodman. Incogitantly In*cog"i*tant*ly, adv. In an incogitant manner. Incogitative In*cog"i*ta*tive (?), a. Not cogitative; not thinking; wanting the power of thought; as, a vegetable is an incogitative being. Locke. Incogitativity In*cog`i*ta*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being incogitative; want of thought or of the power of thinking. Wollaston. Incognita In*cog"ni*ta (?), n. [See Incognito.] 1. A woman who is unknown or in disguise. 2. The state of being in disguise; -- said of a woman. Incognitant In*cog"ni*tant (?), a. Ignorant. [Obs.] Incognito In*cog"ni*to (?), a. OR adv. [It. incognito, masc., incognita, fem., L. incognitus unknown; pref. in- not + cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere: cf. F. incognito, fr. It. See Cognition.] Without being known; in disguise; in an assumed character, or under an assumed title; -- said esp. of great personages who sometimes adopt a disguise or an assumed character in order to avoid notice. 'T was long ago Since gods come down incognito. Prior. The prince royal of Persia came thither incognito. Tatler. Incognito In*cog"ni*to, n.; pl. Incognitos (#). [See Incognito, a.] 1. One unknown or in disguise, or under an assumed character or name. 2. The assumption of disguise or of a feigned character; the state of being in disguise or not recognized. His incognito was endangered. Sir W. Scott. Incognizable In*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Not cognizable; incapable of being recognized, known, or distinguished. H. Spenser. The Lettish race, not a primitive stock of the Slavi, but a distinct branch, now become incognizable. Tooke. Incognizance In*cog"ni*zance (?), n. Failure to cognize, apprehended, or notice. This incognizance may be explained. Sir W. Hamilton. Incognizant In*cog"ni*zant (?), a. Not cognizant; failing to apprehended or notice. Of the several operations themselves, as acts of volition, we are wholly incognizant. Sir W. Hamilton. Incognoscible In`cog*nos"ci*ble (?), a. Incognizable. -- In`cog*nos"ci*bil"i*ty (#), n. Incoherence, Incoherency In`co*her"ence (?), In`co*her"en*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. incoh\'82rence.] 1. The quality or state of being incoherent; want of coherence; want of cohesion or adherence. Boyle. 2. Want of connection; incongruity; inconsistency; want of agreement or dependence of one part on another; as, the incoherence of arguments, facts, etc. Incoherences in matter, and suppositions without proofs, put handsomely together, are apt to pass for strong reason. Locke. 3. That which is incoherent. Crude incoherencies . . . and nauseous tautologies. South. Incoherent In`co*her"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + coherent: cf. F. incoh\'82rent.] 1. Not coherent; wanting cohesion; loose; unconnected; physically disconnected; not fixed to each; -- said of material substances. Woodward. 2. Wanting coherence or agreement; incongruous; inconsistent; having no dependence of one part on another; logically disconnected. "The same rambling, incoherent manner." Bp. Warburton. Incoherentific In`co*her`en*tif"ic (?), a. [E. incoherent + L. facere to make.] Causing incoherence. [R.] Incoherently In`co*her"ent*ly (?), adv. In an incoherent manner; without due connection of parts. Incoherentness In`co*her"ent*ness, n. Incoherence. Incoincidence In`co*in"ci*dence (?), n. The quality of being incoincident; want of coincidence. [R.] Incoincident In`co*in"ci*dent (?), a. Not coincident; not agreeing in time, in place, or principle. Incolumity In`co*lu"mi*ty (?), n. [L. incolumitas, fr. incolumis uninjured, safe; perh. fr. in intens. + (doubtful) columis safe.] Safety; security. [Obs.] Howell. Incomber In*com"ber (?), v. t. See Encumber. Incombine In`com*bine" (?), v. i. To be incapable of combining; to disagree; to differ. [Obs.] Milton. Incombustibility In`com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incombustilit\'82.] The quality of being incombustible. Incombustible In`com*bus"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + combustible: cf. F. incombustible.] Not combustible; not capable of being burned, decomposed, or consumed by fire; uninflammable; as, asbestus is an incombustible substance; carbon dioxide is an incombustible gas. Incombustible cloth, a tissue of amianthus or asbestus; also, a fabric imbued with an incombustible substance. -- In`com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*bus"ti*bly, adv. Income In"come (?), n. 1. A coming in; entrance; admittance; ingress; infusion. [Obs.] Shak. More abundant incomes of light and strength from God. Bp. Rust. At mine income I louted low. Drant. 2. That which is caused to enter; inspiration; influence; hence, courage or zeal imparted. [R.] I would then make in and steep My income in their blood. Chapman. 3. That gain which proceeds from labor, business, property, or capital of any kind, as the produce of a farm, the rent of houses, the proceeds of professional business, the profits of commerce or of occupation, or the interest of money or stock in funds, etc.; revenue; receipts; salary; especially, the annual receipts of a private person, or a corporation, from property; as, a large income. No fields afford So large an income to the village lord. Dryden. 4. (Physiol.) That which is taken into the body as food; the ingesta; -- sometimes restricted to the nutritive, or digestible, portion of the food. See Food. Opposed to output. Income bond, a bond issued on the income of the corporation or company issuing it, and the interest of which is to be paid from the earnings of the company before any dividends are made to stockholders; -- issued chiefly or exclusively by railroad companies. -- Income tax, a tax upon a person's incomes, emoluments, profits, etc., or upon the excess beyond a certain amount. Syn. -- Gain; profit; proceeds; salary; revenue; receipts; interest; emolument; produce. Incomer In"com`er (?), n. 1. One who comes in. Outgoers and incomers. Lew Wallace. 2. One who succeeds another, as a tenant of land, houses, etc. [Eng.] Incoming In"com`ing, a. 1. Coming in; accruing. A full incoming profit on the product of his labor. Burke. 2. Coming in, succeeding, or following, as occupant or possessor; as, in incoming tenant. Incoming In"com`ing, n. 1. The act of coming in; arrival. The incomings and outgoings of the trains. Dickens. 2. Income; gain. [R.] Many incomings are subject to great fluctuations. Tooke. Incomity In*com"i*ty (?), n. Want of comity; incivility; rudeness. [R.] In commendam In com*men"dam (?). [See Commendam.] (Law) See Commendam, and Partnership in Commendam, under Partnership. Incommensurability In`com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incommensurabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommensurable. Reid. Incommensurable In`com*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + commensurable: cf. F. incommensurable.] Not commensurable; having no common measure or standard of comparison; as, quantities are incommensurable when no third quantity can be found that is an aliquot part of both; the side and diagonal of a square are incommensurable with each other; the diameter and circumference of a circle are incommensurable. They are quantities incommensurable. Burke. -- In`com*men"su*ra*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*men"su*ra*bly, adv. Incommensurable In`com*men"su*ra*ble (?), n. One of two or more quantities which have no common measure. Incommensurate In`com*men"su*rate (?), a. 1. Not commensurate; not admitting of a common measure; incommensurable. 2. Not of equal of sufficient measure or extent; not adequate; as, our means are incommensurate to our wants. Syn. -- Inadequate; insufficient; disproportionate. -- In`com*men"su*rate*ly, adv. -- In`com*men"su*rate*ness, n. Incommiscible In`com*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L. incommiscibilis; pref. in- not + commiscibilis that can be mingled.] Not commiscible; not mixable. Incommixture In`com*mix"ture (?; 135), n. A state of being unmixed; separateness. Sir T. Browne. Incommodate In*com"mo*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommodated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incommodating (?).] [L. incommodare. See Incommode.] To incommode. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Incommodation In*com`mo*da"tion (?), n. The state of being incommoded; inconvenience. [Obs.] Incommode In`com*mode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommoded; p. pr. & vb. n. Incommoding.] [F. incommoder, L. incommodare inconvenient; pref. in- not + commodus convenient. See Commodious.] To give inconvenience or trouble to; to disturb or molest; to discommode; to worry; to put out; as, we are incommoded by want of room. Syn. -- To annoy; disturb; trouble; molest; disaccomodate; inconvenience; disquiet; vex; plague. Incommode In`com*mode", n. An inconvenience. [R.] Strype. Incommodement In`com*mode"ment (?), n. The act of incommoded. [Obs.] Cheyne. Incommodious In`com*mo"di*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + commodious: cf. LL. incommodious, L. incommodus, F. incommode.] Tending to incommode; not commodious; not affording ease or advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble; inconvenient; annoying; as, an incommodious seat; an incommodious arrangement. -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv. -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ness, n. Incommodity In`com*mo"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Incommodities (#). [L. incommoditas: cf. F. incommodit\'82. See Incommodious.] Inconvenience; trouble; annoyance; disadvantage; encumbrance. [Archaic] Bunyan. A great incommodity to the body. Jer. Taylor. Buried him under a bulk of incommodities. Hawthorne. Incommunicability In`com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incommunicabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommunicable, or incapable of being imparted. Incommunicable In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [L. incommunicabilis: cf. F. incommunicable. See In- not, and Communicable.] Not communicable; incapable of being communicated, shared, told, or imparted, to others. Health and understanding are incommunicable. Southey. Those incommunicable relations of the divine love. South. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*bly, adv. Incommunicated In`com*mu"ni*ca`ted (?), a. Not communicated or imparted. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Incommunicating In`com*mu"ni*ca`ting, a. Having no communion or intercourse with each other. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Incommunicative In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive (?), a. Not communicative; not free or apt to impart to others in conversation; reserved; silent; as, the messenger was incommunicative; hence, not disposed to hold fellowship or intercourse with others; exclusive. The Chinese . . . an incommunicative nation. C. Buchanan. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ly, adv. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n. Lamb. His usual incommunicativeness. G. Eliot. Incommutability In`com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incommutabilitas: cf. F. incommutabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommutable. Incommutable In`com*mut"a*ble (?), a. [L. incommutabilis: cf. F. incommutable. See In- not, and Commutable.] Not commutable; not capable of being exchanged with, or substituted for, another. Cudworth. -- In`com*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*mut"a*bly, adv. Incompact, Incompacted In`com*pact" (?), In`com*pact"ed, a. Not compact; not having the parts firmly united; not solid; incoherent; loose; discrete. Boyle. Incomparable In*com"pa*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incomparabilis: cf. F. incomparable. See In- not, and Comparable.] Not comparable; admitting of no comparison with others; unapproachably eminent; without a peer or equal; matchless; peerless; transcendent. A merchant of incomparable wealth. Shak. A new hypothesis . . . which hath the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton for a patron. Bp. Warburton. -- In*com"pa*ra*ble*ness, n. -- In*com"pa*ra*bly, adv. Delights incomparably all those corporeal things. Bp. Wilkins. Incompared In`com*pared" (?), a. Peerless; incomparable. [Obs.] Spenser. Incompass In*com"pass (?), v. t. See Encompass. Incompassion In`com*pas"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + compassion: cf. F. incompassion.] Want of compassion or pity. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. Incompassionate In`com*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Not compassionate; void of pity or of tenderness; remorseless. -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv. -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ness, n. Incompatibility In`com*pat`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (. [Cf. F. incompatibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency; irreconcilableness. Incompatible In`com*pat"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compatible: cf. F. incompatible.] [It was formerly sometimes written incompetible.] 1. Not compatible; so differing as to be incapable of harmonious combination or coexistence; inconsistent in thought or being; irreconcilably disagreeing; as, persons of incompatible tempers; incompatible colors, desires, ambition. A strength and obduracy of character incompatible with his meek and innocent nature. Southey. _________________________________________________________________ Page 746 2. (Chem.) Incapable of being together without mutual reaction or decomposition, as certain medicines. Incompatible terms (Logic), terms which can not be combined in thought. Syn. -- Inconsistent; incongruous; dissimilar; irreconcilable; unsuitable; disagreeing; inharmonious; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. See Inconsistent. Incompatible In`com*pat"i*ble (?), n. (Med. & Chem.) An incompatible substance; esp., in pl., things which can not be placed or used together because of a change of chemical composition or of opposing medicinal qualities; as, the incompatibles of iron. Incompatibleness In`com*pat"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incompatible; incompatibility. Incompatibly In`com*pat"i*bly, adv. In an incompatible manner; inconsistently; incongruously. Incompetence, Incompetency In*com"pe*tence (?), In*com"pe*tency (?), n. [Cf. F. incomp\'82tence.] 1. The quality or state of being incompetent; want of physical, intellectual, or moral ability; insufficiency; inadequacy; as, the incompetency of a child hard labor, or of an idiot for intellectual efforts. "Some inherent incompetency." Gladstone. 2. (Law) Want of competency or legal fitness; incapacity; disqualification, as of a person to be heard as a witness, or to act as a juror, or of a judge to try a cause. Syn. -- Inability; insufficiency; inadequacy; disqualification; incapability; unfitness. Incompetent In*com"pe*tent (?), a. [L. incompetens: cf. F. incomp\'82tent. See In- not, and Competent.] 1. Not competent; wanting in adequate strength, power, capacity, means, qualifications, or the like; incapable; unable; inadequate; unfit. Incompetent to perform the duties of the place. Macaulay. 2. (Law) Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications; inadmissible; as, a person professedly wanting in religious belief is an incompetent witness in a court of law or equity; incompetent evidence. Richard III. had a resolution, out of hatred to his brethren, to disable their issues, upon false and incompetent pretexts, the one of attainder, the other of illegitimation. Bacon. 3. Not lying within one's competency, capacity, or authorized power; not permissible. Syn. -- Incapable; unable; inadequate; insufficient; inefficient; disqualified; unfit; improper. -- Incompetent, Incapable. Incompetent is a relative term, denoting a want of the requisite qualifications for performing a given act, service, etc.; incapable is absolute in its meaning, denoting want of power, either natural or moral. We speak of a man as incompetent to a certain task, of an incompetent judge, etc. We say of an idiot that he is incapable of learning to read; and of a man distinguished for his honor, that he is incapable of a mean action. Incompetently In*com"pe*tent*ly, adv. In an competent manner; inadequately; unsuitably. Incompetibility In`com*pet`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. See Incompatibility. Incompetible In`com*pet"i*ble (?), a. See Incompatible. Incomplete In`com*plete" (?), a. [L. incompletus: cf. F. incomplet. See In- not, and Complete.] 1. Not complete; not filled up; not finished; not having all its parts, or not having them all adjusted; imperfect; defective. A most imperfect and incomplete divine. Milton. 2. (Bot.) Wanting any of the usual floral organs; -- said of a flower. Incomplete equation (Alg.), an equation some of whose terms are wanting; or one in which the coefficient of some one or more of the powers of the unknown quantity is equal to 0. Incompletely In`com*plete"ly, adv. In an incomplete manner. Incompleteness In`com*plete"ness, n. The state of being incomplete; imperfectness; defectiveness. Boyle. Incompletion In`com*ple"tion (?), n. Want of completion; incompleteness. Smart. Incomplex In`com*plex" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + complex: cf. F. incomplexe.] Not complex; uncompounded; simple. Barrow. Incompliable In`com*pli"a*ble (?), a. Not compliable; not conformable. Incompliance In`com*pli"ance (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being incompliant; unyielding temper; obstinacy. Self-conceit produces peevishness and incompliance of humor in things lawful and indifferent. Tillotson. 2. Refusal or failure to comply. Strype. Incompliant In`com*pli"ant (?), a. Not compliant; unyielding to request, solicitation, or command; stubborn. -- In`com*pli"ant*ly, adv. Incomposed In`com*posed" (?), a. Disordered; disturbed. [Obs.] Milton. -- In`com*po"sed*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] -- In`com*pos"ed*ness, n. [Obs.] Incomposite In`com*pos"ite (?), a. [L. incompositus. See Composite.] Not composite; uncompounded; simple. Incomposite numbers. See Prime numbers, under Prime. Incompossible In`com*pos"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compossible: cf. F. incompossible.] Not capable of joint existence; incompatible; inconsistent. [Obs.] Ambition and faith . . . are . . . incompossible. Jer. Taylor. -- In`com*pos`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.] Incomprehense In*com`pre*hense" (?), a. [L. incomprehensus.] Incomprehensible. [Obs.] "Incomprehense in virtue." Marston. Incomprehensibility In*com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incompr\'82hensibilit\'82.] The quality of being incomprehensible, or beyond the reach of human intellect; incomprehensibleness; inconceivability; inexplicability. The constant, universal sense of all antiquity unanimously confessing an incomprehensibility in many of the articles of the Christian faith. South. Incomprehensible In*com`pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. incomprehensibilis: cf. F. incompr\'82hensible. See In- not, and Comprehensible.] 1. Not capable of being contained within limits. An infinite and incomprehensible substance. Hooker. 2. Not capable of being comprehended or understood; beyond the reach of the human intellect; inconceivable. And all her numbered stars that seem to roll Spaces incomprehensible. Milton. -- In*com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness, n. -- In*com`pre*hen"si*bly, adv. Incomprehension In*com`pre*hen"sion (?), n. Want of comprehension or understanding. "These mazes and incomprehensions." Bacon. Incomprehensive In*com`pre*hen"sive (?), a. Not comprehensive; not capable of including or of understanding; not extensive; limited. -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ly, a. Sir W. Hamilton. -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ness, n. T. Warton. Incompressibility In`com*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incompressibilit\'82.] The quality of being incompressible, or incapable of reduction in volume by pressure; -- formerly supposed to be a property of liquids. The incompressibility of water is not absolute. Rees. Incompressible In`com*press"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compressible: cf. F. incompressible.] Not compressible; incapable of being reduced by force or pressure into a smaller compass or volume; resisting compression; as, many liquids and solids appear to be almost incompressible. -- In`com*press"i*ble*ness, n. Incomputable In`com*put"a*ble (?), a. Not computable. Inconcealable In`con*ceal"a*ble (?), a. Not concealable. "Inconcealable imperfections." Sir T. Browne. Inconceivability In`con*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inconceivable; inconceivableness. The inconceivability of the Infinite. Mansel. Inconceivable In`con*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conceivable: cf. F. inconcevable.] Not conceivable; incapable of being conceived by the mind; not explicable by the human intellect, or by any known principles or agencies; incomprehensible; as, it is inconceivable to us how the will acts in producing muscular motion. It is inconceivable to me that a spiritual substance should represent an extended figure. Locke. -- In`con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*ceiv"a*bly, adv. The inconceivableness of a quality existing without any subject to possess it. A. Tucker. Inconceptible In`con*cep"ti*ble (?), a. Inconceivable. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Inconcerning In`con*cern"ing (?), a. Unimportant; trifling. [Obs.] "Trifling and inconcerning matters." Fuller. Inconcinne In`con*cinne" (?), a. [See Inconcinnous.] Dissimilar; incongruous; unsuitable. [Obs.] Cudworth. Inconcinnity In`con*cin"ni*ty (?), n. [L. inconcinnitas.] Want of concinnity or congruousness; unsuitableness. There is an inconcinnity in admitting these words. Trench. Inconcinnous In`con*cin"nous (?), a. [L. inconcinnus. See In- not, and Concinnity.] Not concinnous; unsuitable; discordant. [Obs.] Cudworth. Inconcludent In`con*clud"ent (?), a. Not inferring a conclusion or consequence; not conclusive. [Obs.] Inconcluding In`con*clud"ing, a. Inferring no consequence. [Obs.] Inconclusive In`con*clu"sive (?), a. Not conclusive; leading to no conclusion; not closing or settling a point in debate, or a doubtful question; as, evidence is inconclusive when it does not exhibit the truth of a disputed case in such a manner as to satisfy the mind, and put an end to debate or doubt. Arguments . . . inconclusive and impertinent. South. -- In`con*clu"sive*ly, adv. -- In`con*clu"sive*ness, n. Inconcoct In`con*coct" (?), a. [L. pref. in- not + concoctus, p. p. of concoquere. See Concoct.] Inconcocted. [Obs.] Inconcocted In`con*coct"ed, a. [Pref. in- not + concocted.] Imperfectly digested, matured, or ripened. [Obs.] Bacon. Inconcoction In`con*coc"tion (?), n. The state of being undigested; unripeness; immaturity. [Obs.] Bacon. Inconcrete In*con"crete (?), a. [L. inconcretus incorporeal.] Not concrete. [R.] L. Andrews. Inconcurring In`con*cur"ring, a. Not concurring; disagreeing. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Inconcussible In`con*cus"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. concussibilis that can be shaken. See Concussion.] Not concussible; that cannot be shaken. Incondensability, Incondensibility In`con*den`sa*bil"i*ty (?), In`con*den`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incondensable. Incondensable, Incondensible In`con*den"sa*ble (?), In`con*den"si*ble, a. Not condensable; incapable of being made more dense or compact, or reduced to liquid form. Incondite In"con*dite (?; 277), a. [L. inconditus; pref. in- not + conditus, p. p. of condere to put or join together. See Condition.] Badly put together; inartificial; rude; unpolished; irregular. "Carol incondite rhymes." J. Philips. Inconditional In`con*di"tion*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conditional: cf. F. inconditionnel.] Unconditional. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Inconditionate In`con*di"tion*ate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conditionate: cf. F. inconditionn\'82.] Not conditioned; not limited; absolute. [Obs.] Boyle. Inconform In`con*form" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conform.] Unconformable. [Obs.] Gauden. Inconformable In`con*form"a*ble (?), a. Unconformable. [Obs.] Inconformity In`con*form"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inconformit\'82.] Want of conformity; nonconformity. [Obs.] Inconfused In`con*fused" (?), a. Not confused; distinct. [Obs.] Inconfusion In`con*fu"sion (?) n. Freedom from confusion; distinctness. [Obs.] Bacon. Inconfutable In`con*fut"a*ble (?), a. Not confutable. -- In`con*fut"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Incongealable In`con*geal"a*ble (?), a. [L. incongelabilis. See Congeal.] Not congealable; incapable of being congealed. -- In`con*geal"a*ble*ness, n. Incongenial In`con*gen"ial (?), a. Not congenial; uncongenial. [R.] -- In`con*ge`ni*al"i*ty (#). [R.] <-- no POS in original for -ity --> Incongruence In*con"gru*ence (?), n. [L. incongruentia.] Want of congruence; incongruity. Boyle. Incongruent In*con"gru*ent (?), a. [L. incongruens. See In- not, and Congruent.] Incongruous. Sir T. Elyot. Incongruity In`con*gru"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incongruities (#). [Pref. in- not + congruity: cf. F. incongruit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being incongruous; want of congruity; unsuitableness; inconsistency; impropriety. The fathers make use of this acknowledgment of the incongruity of images to the Deity, from thence to prove the incongruity of the worship of them. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. Disagreement of parts; want of symmetry or of harmony. [Obs.] 3. That which is incongruous; want of congruity. Incongruous In*con"gru*ous (?), a. [L. incongruus. See In- not, and Congruous.] Not congruous; reciprocally disagreeing; not capable of harmonizing or readily assimilating; inharmonious; inappropriate; unsuitable; not fitting; inconsistent; improper; as, an incongruous remark; incongruous behavior, action, dress, etc. "Incongruous mixtures of opinions." I. Taylor. "Made up of incongruous parts." Macaulay. Incongruous denotes that kind of absence of harmony or suitableness of which the taste and experience of men takes cognizance. C. J. Smith. Incongruous numbers (Arith.), two numbers, which, with respect to a third, are such that their difference can not be divided by it without a remainder, the two numbers being said to be incongruous with respect to the third; as, twenty-five are incongruous with respect to four. Syn. -- Inconsistent; unsuitable; inharmonious; disagreeing; absurd; inappropriate; unfit; improper. See Inconsistent. -- In*con"gru*ous*ly, adv. -- In*con"gru*ous*ness, n. Inconnected In`con*nect"ed (?), a. Not connected; disconnected. [R.] Bp. Warburton. Inconnection In`con*nec"tion (?), n. Disconnection. Inconnexedly In`con*nex"ed*ly (?), adv. [Pref. in- not + connexed (p. p. of connex) + -ly.] Not connectedly; without connection. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Inconscionable In*con"scion*a*ble (?), a. Unconscionable. [Obs.] Spenser. Inconscious In*con"scious (?), a. Unconscious. [Obs.] Inconsecutiveness In`con*sec"u*tive*ness (?), n. The state or quality of not being consecutive. J. H. Newman. Inconsequence In*con"se*quence (?), n. [L. inconsequentia: cf. F. incons\'82quence.] The quality or state of being inconsequent; want of just or logical inference or argument; inconclusiveness. Bp. Stillingfleet. Strange, that you should not see the inconsequence of your own reasoning! Bp. Hurd. Inconsequent In*con"se*quent (?), a. [L. inconsequens: cf. F. incons\'82quent. See In- not, and Consequent.] Not following from the premises; not regularly inferred; invalid; not characterized by logical method; illogical; arbitrary; inconsistent; of no consequence. Loose and inconsequent conjectures. Sir T. Browne. Inconsequential In*con`se*quen"tial (?), a. Not regularly following from the premises; hence, irrelevant; unimportant; of no consequence. Chesterfield. -- In*con`se*quen"tial*ly (#), adv. Inconsequentiality In*con`se*quen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being inconsequential. Inconsequentness In*con"se*quent*ness (?), n. Inconsequence. Inconsiderable In`con*sid"er*a*ble (?), a. Not considerable; unworthy of consideration or notice; unimportant; small; trivial; as, an inconsiderable distance; an inconsiderable quantity, degree, value, or sum. "The baser scum and inconsiderable dregs of Rome." Stepney. -- In`con*sid"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*sid"er*a*bly, adv. Inconsideracy In`con*sid"er*a*cy (?), n. Inconsiderateness; thoughtlessness. [Obs.] Chesterfield. Inconsiderate In`con*sid"er*ate (?), a. [L. inconsideratus. See In- not, and Considerate.] 1. Not considerate; not attentive to safety or to propriety; not regarding the rights or feelings of others; hasty; careless; thoughtless; heedless; as, the young are generally inconsiderate; inconsiderate conduct. It is a very unhappy token of our corruption, that therinconsiderate among us as to sacrifice morality to politics. Addison. 2. Inconsiderable. [Obs.] E. Terry. Syn. -- Thoughtless; inattentive; inadvertent; heedless; negligent; improvident; careless; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; injudicious; rash; hasty. Inconsiderately In`con*sid"er*ate*ly, adv. In an inconsiderate manner. Inconsiderateness In`con*sid"er*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being inconsiderate. Tillotson. Inconsideration In`con*sid`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. inconsideratio: cf. F. inconsid\'82ration.] Want of due consideration; inattention to consequences; inconsiderateness. Blindness of mind, inconsideration, precipitation. Jer. Taylor. Not gross, willful, deliberate, crimes; but rather the effects of inconsideration. Sharp. Inconsistence In`con*sist"ence (?), n. Inconsistency. Inconsistency In`con*sist"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inconsistencies (#). [Cf. F. inconsistance.] 1. The quality or state of being inconsistent; discordance in respect to sentiment or action; such contrariety between two things that both can not exist or be true together; disagreement; incompatibility. There is a perfect inconsistency between that which is of debt and that which is of free gift. South. 2. Absurdity in argument ore narration; incoherence or irreconcilability in the parts of a statement, argument, or narration; that which is inconsistent. If a man would register all his opinions upon love, politics, religion, and learning, what a bundle of inconsistencies and contradictions would appear at last! Swift. 3. Want of stability or uniformity; unsteadiness; changeableness; variableness. Mutability of temper, and inconsistency with ourselves, is the greatest weakness of human nature. Addison. Inconsistent In`con*sist"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + consistent: cf. F. inconsistant.] 1. Not consistent; showing inconsistency; irreconcilable; discordant; at variance, esp. as regards character, sentiment, or action; incompatible; incongruous; contradictory. _________________________________________________________________ Page 747 Compositions of this nature . . . show that wisdom and virtue are far from being inconsistent with politeness and good humor. Addison. 2. Not exhibiting uniformity of sentiment, steadiness to principle, etc.; unequal; fickle; changeable. Ah, how unjust to nature, and himself, Is thoughtless, thankless, inconsistent man. Young. Syn. -- Incompatible; incongruous; irreconcilable; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. -- Inconsistent, Incongruous, Incompatible. Things are incongruous when they are not suited to each other, so that their union is unbecoming; inconsistent when they are opposed to each other, so as render it improper or wrong; incompatible when they can not coexist, and it is therefore impossible to unite them. Habitual levity of mind is incongruous with the profession of a clergyman; it is inconsistent with his ordination vows; it is incompatible with his permanent usefulness. Incongruity attaches to the modes and qualities of things; incompatibility attaches to their essential attributes; inconsistency attaches to the actions, sentiments, etc., of men. Inconsistently In`con*sist"ent*ly (?), adv. In an inconsistent manner. Inconsistentness In`con*sist"ent*ness, n. Inconsistency. [R.] Inconsisting In`con*sist"ing (?), a. Inconsistent. [Obs.] Inconsolable In`con*sol"a*ble (?), a. [L. inconsolabilis: cf. F. inconsolable. See In- not, and Console.] Not consolable; incapable of being consoled; grieved beyond susceptibility of comfort; disconsolate. Dryden. With inconsolable distress she griev'd, And from her cheek the rose of beauty fied. Falconer. -- In`con*sol"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*sol"a*bly, adv. Inconsonance, Inconsonancy In*con"so*nance (?), In*con"so*nan*cy (?), n. Want of consonance or harmony of sound, action, or thought; disagreement. Inconsonant In*con"so*nant (?), a. [L. inconsonans. See In- not, and Consonant.] Not consonant or agreeing; inconsistent; discordant. -- In*con"so*nant*ly, adv. Inconspicuous In`con*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. inconspicuus. See In- not, and Conspicuous.] Not conspicuous or noticeable; hardly discernible. -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ness, n. Boyle. Inconstance In*con"stance (?), n. [F. See Inconstancy.] Inconstancy. Chaucer. Inconstancy In*con"stan*cy (?), n. [L. inconstantia.] The quality or state of being inconstant; want of constancy; mutability; fickleness; variableness. For unto knight there was no greater shame, Than lightness and inconstancie in love. Spenser. Inconstant In*con"stant (?), a. [L. inconstans: cf. F. inconstant. See In- not, and Constant.] Not constant; not stable or uniform; subject to change of character, appearance, opinion, inclination, or purpose, etc.; not firm; unsteady; fickle; changeable; variable; -- said of persons or things; as, inconstant in love or friendship. "The inconstant moon." Shak. While we, inquiring phantoms of a day, Inconstant as the shadows we survey! Boyse. Syn. -- Mutable; fickle; volatile; unsteady; unstable; changeable; variable; wavering; fluctuating. Inconstantly In*con"stant*ly, adv. In an inconstant manner. Incomsumable In`com*sum"a*ble (?), a. Not consumable; incapable of being consumed, wasted, or spent. Paley. -- In`con*sum"a*bly, adv. Inconsummate In`con*sum"mate (?), a. [L. inconsummatus. See In- not, and Consummate.] Not consummated; not finished; incomplete. Sir M. Hale. -- In`con*sum"mate*ness, n. Inconsumptible In`con*sump"ti*ble (?), a. [L. inconsumptibilis.] Inconsumable. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. Incontaminate In`con*tam"i*nate (?), a. [L. incontamina. See In- not, and not, and Contaminate.] Not contaminated; pure. Moore. -- In`con*tam"i*nate*ness, n. Incontentation In*con`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [See In- not, and Content.] Discontent. [Obs.] Goodwin. Incontestability In`con*test`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incontestable. Incontestable In`con*test"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + contestable: cf. F. incontestable.] Not contestable; not to be disputed; that cannot be called in question or controverted; incontrovertible; indisputable; as, incontestable evidence, truth, or facts. Locke. Syn. -- Incontrovertible; indisputable; irrefragable; undeniable; unquestionable; intuitable; certain. -- In`con*test"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*test"a*bly, adv. Incontested In`con*test"ed, a. Not contested. Addison. Incontiguous In`con*tig"u*ous (?), a. [L. incontiguus that can not be touched. See In- not, and Contiguous.] Not contiguous; not adjoining or in contact; separate. Boyle. -- In`con*tig"u*ous*ly, adv. Incontinence, Incontinency In*con"ti*nence (?), In*con"ti*nen*cy (?), n. [L. incontinentia: cf. F. incontinence.] 1. Incapacity to hold; hence, incapacity to hold back or restrain; the quality or state of being incontinent; want of continence; failure to restrain the passions or appetites; indulgence of lust; lewdness. That Satan tempt you not for your incontinency. 1 Cor. vii. 5. From the rash hand of bold incontinence. Milton. 2. (Med.) The inability of any of the animal organs to restrain the natural evacuations, so that the discharges are involuntary; as, incontinence of urine. Incontinent In*con"ti*nent (?), a. [L. incontinens: cf. F. incontinent. See In- not, and Continent.] 1. Not continent; uncontrolled; not restraining the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite; indulging unlawful lust; unchaste; lewd. 2. (Med.) Unable to restrain natural evacuations. Incontinent In*con"ti*nent, n. One who is unchaste. B. Jonson. Incontinent In*con"ti*nent, adv. [Cf. F. incontinent.] Incontinently; instantly immediately. [Obs.] He says he will return incontinent. Shak. Incontinently In*con"ti*nent*ly, adv. 1. In an incontinent manner; without restraint, or without due restraint; -- used esp. of the passions or appetites. 2. Immediately; at once; forthwith. [Archaic] Immediately he sent word to Athens that he would incontinently come hither with a host of men. Golding. Incontracted In`con*tract"ed (?), a. Uncontracted. [Obs.] Blackwall. Incontrollable In`con*trol"la*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + controllable: cf. F. incontr\'93lable.] Not controllable; uncontrollable. -- In`con*trol"la*bly, adv. South. Incontrovertibility In*con`tro*ver`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being incontrovertible. Incontrovertible In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble (?), a. Not controvertible; too clear or certain to admit of dispute; indisputable. Sir T. Browne. -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv. Inconvenience In`con*ven"ience (?), n. [L. inconvenientia inconsistency: cf. OF. inconvenience.] 1. The quality or condition of being inconvenient; want of convenience; unfitness; unsuitableness; inexpediency; awkwardness; as, the inconvenience of the arrangement. They plead against the inconvenience, not the unlawfulness, . . . of ceremonies in burial. Hooker. 2. That which gives trouble, embarrassment, or uneasiness; disadvantage; anything that disturbs quiet, impedes prosperity, or increases the difficulty of action or success; as, one inconvenience of life is poverty. A place upon the top of Mount Athos above all clouds of rain, or other inconvenience. Sir W. Raleigh. Man is liable to a great many inconveniences. Tillotson. Syn. -- Incommodiousness; awkwardness; disadvantage; disquiet; uneasiness; disturbance; annoyance. Inconvenience In`con*ven"ience, v. t. To put to inconvenience; to incommode; as, to inconvenience a neighbor. Inconveniency In`con*ven"ien*cy (?), n. Inconvenience. Inconvenient In`con*ven"ient (?), a. [L. inconveniens unbefitting: cf. F. inconv\'82nient. See In- not, and Convenient.] 1. Not becoming or suitable; unfit; inexpedient. 2. Not convenient; giving trouble, uneasiness, or annoyance; hindering progress or success; uncomfortable; disadvantageous; incommodious; inopportune; as, an inconvenient house, garment, arrangement, or time. Syn. -- Unsuitable; uncomfortable; disaccommodating; awkward; unseasonable; inopportune; incommodious; disadvantageous; troublesome; cumbersome; embarrassing; objectionable. Inconveniently In`con*ven"ient*ly, adv. In an inconvenient manner; incommodiously; unsuitably; unseasonably. Inconversable In`con*vers"a*ble (?), a. Incommunicative; unsocial; reserved. [Obs.] Inconversant In*con"ver*sant (?), a. Not conversant; not acquainted; not versed; unfamiliar. Inconverted In`con*vert"ed (?), a. Not turned or changed about. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Inconvertibility In`con*vert`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inconvertibilitas.] The quality or state of being inconvertible; not capable of being exchanged for, or converted into, something else; as, the inconvertibility of an irredeemable currency, or of lead, into gold. Inconvertible In`con*vert"i*ble (?), a. [L. inconvertibilis: cf. F. inconvertible. See In- not, and Convertible.] Not convertible; not capable of being transmuted, changed into, or exchanged for, something else; as, one metal is inconvertible into another; bank notes are sometimes inconvertible into specie. Walsh. Inconvertibleness In`con*vert"i*ble*ness, n. Inconvertibility. Inconvertibly In`con*vert"i*bly, adv. In an inconvertible manner. Inconvincible In`con*vin"ci*ble (?), a. [L. inconvincibilis. See In- not, and Convince.] Not convincible; incapable of being convinced. None are so inconvincible as your half-witted people. Gov. of the Tongue. Inconvincibly In`con*vin"ci*bly, adv. In a manner not admitting of being convinced. Incony In*co"ny (?), a. [Cf. Conny, Canny.] Unlearned; artless; pretty; delicate. [Obs.] Most sweet jests! most incony vulgar wit! Shak. Inco\'94rdinate In`co*\'94r"di*nate (?), a. Not co\'94rdinate. Inco\'94rdination In`co*\'94r`di*na"tion (?), n. Want of co\'94rdination; lack of harmonious adjustment or action. Inco\'94rdination of muscular movement (Physiol.), irregularity in movements resulting from inharmonious action of the muscles in consequence of loss of voluntary control over them. Incoronate In*cor"o*nate (?), a. [Pref. in- in + coronate.] Crowned. [R.] Longfellow. Incorporal In*cor"po*ral (?), a. [L. incorporalis. See In- not, and Corporal, and cf. Incorporeal.] Immaterial; incorporeal; spiritual. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Incorporality In*cor`po*ral"i*ty (?), n. [L. incorporalitas: cf. F. incorporalit\'82.] Incorporeality. [Obs.] Bailey. Incorporally In*cor"po*ral*ly (?), adv. Incorporeally. [Obs.] Incorporate In*cor"po*rate (?), a. [L. incorporatus. See In- not, and Corporate.] 1. Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; incorporeal; spiritual. Moses forbore to speak of angles, and things invisible, and incorporate. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Not incorporated; not existing as a corporation; as, an incorporate banking association. Incorporate In*cor"po*rate, a. [L. incorporatus, p. p. of incorporare to incorporate; pref. in- in + corporare to make into a body. See Corporate.] Corporate; incorporated; made one body, or united in one body; associated; mixed together; combined; embodied. As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds Had been incorporate. Shak. A fifteenth part of silver incorporate with gold. Bacon. Incorporate In*cor"po*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incorporated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incorporating (?).] 1. To form into a body; to combine, as different ingredients. into one consistent mass. By your leaves, you shall not stay alone, Till holy church incorporate two in one. Shak. 2. To unite with a material body; to give a material form to; to embody. The idolaters, who worshiped their images as golds, supposed some spirit to be incorporated therein. Bp. Stillingfleet. 3. To unite with, or introduce into, a mass already formed; as, to incorporate copper with silver; -- used with with and into. 4. To unite intimately; to blend; to assimilate; to combine into a structure or organization, whether material or mental; as, to incorporate provinces into the realm; to incorporate another's ideas into one's work. The Romans did not subdue a country to put the inhabitants to fire and sword, but to incorporate them into their own community. Addison. 5. To form into a legal body, or body politic; to constitute into a corporation recognized by law, with special functions, rights, duties and liabilities; as, to incorporate a bank, a railroad company, a city or town, etc. Incorporate In*cor"po*rate (?), v. i. To unite in one body so as to make a part of it; to be mixed or blended; -- usually followed by with. Painters' colors and ashes do better incorporate will oil. Bacon. He never suffers wrong so long to grow, And to incorporate with right so far As it might come to seem the same in show. Daniel. Incorporated In*cor"po*ra`ted (?), a. United in one body; formed into a corporation; made a legal entity. Incorporation In*cor`po*ra"tion (?), n. [L. incorporatio: cf. F. incorporation.] 1. The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated. 2. The union of different ingredients in one mass; mixture; combination; synthesis. 3. The union of something with a body already existing; association; intimate union; assimilation; as, the incorporation of conquered countries into the Roman republic. 4. (Law) (a) The act of creating a corporation. (b) A body incorporated; a corporation. Incorporative In*cor"po*ra*tive (?), a. Incorporating or tending to incorporate; as, the incorporative languages (as of the Basques, North American Indians, etc. ) which run a whole phrase into one word. History demonstrates that incorporative unions are solid and permanent; but that a federal union is weak. W. Belsham. Incorporator In*cor"po*ra`tor (?), n. One of a number of persons who gets a company incorporated; one of the original members of a corporation. Incorporeal In`cor*po"re*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + corporeal: cf. L. incorporeus. Cf. Incorporal.] 1. Not corporeal; not having a material body or form; not consisting of matter; immaterial. Thus incorporeal spirits to smaller forms Reduced their shapes immense. Milton. Sense and perception must necessarily proceed from some incorporeal substance within us. Bentley. 2. (Law) Existing only in contemplation of law; not capable of actual visible seizin or possession; not being an object of sense; intangible; -- opposed to corporeal. Incorporeal hereditament. See under Hereditament. Syn. -- Immaterial; unsubstantial; bodiless; spiritual. Incorporealism In`cor*po"re*al*ism (?), n. Existence without a body or material form; immateriality. Cudworth. Incorporealist In`cor*po"re*al*ist, n. One who believes in incorporealism. Cudworth. Incorporeality In`cor*po`re*al"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being incorporeal or bodiless; immateriality; incorporealism. G. Eliot. Incorporeally In`cor*po"re*al*ly (?), adv. In an incorporeal manner. Bacon. Incorporeity In*cor`po*re"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + corporeity: cf. F. incorpor\'82ite.] The quality of being incorporeal; immateriality. Berkeley. Incorpse In*corpse" (?), v. t. To incorporate. [R.] Shak. Incorrect In`cor*rect" (?), a. [L. incorrectus: cf. F. incorrect. See In- not, and Correct.] 1. Not correct; not according to a copy or model, or to established rules; inaccurate; faulty. The piece, you think, is incorrect. Pope. 2. Not in accordance with the truth; inaccurate; not exact; as, an incorrect statement or calculation. 3. Not accordant with duty or morality; not duly regulated or subordinated; unbecoming; improper; as, incorrect conduct. It shows a will most incorrect to heaven. Shak. The wit of the last age was yet more incorrect than their language. Dryden. Syn. -- Inaccurate; erroneous; wrong; faulty. Incorrection In`cor*rec"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + correction: cf. F. incorrection.] Want of correction, restraint, or discipline. [Obs.] Arnway. Incorrectly In`cor*rect"ly (?), adv. Not correctly; inaccurately; not exactly; as, a writing incorrectly copied; testimony incorrectly stated. Incorrectness In`cor*rect"ness, n. The quality of being incorrect; want of conformity to truth or to a standard; inaccuracy; inexactness; as incorrectness may in defect or in redundance. Incorrespondence, Incorrespondency In*cor`re*spond"ence (?), In*cor`re*spond"en*cy (?), n. Want of correspondence; disagreement; disproportion. [R.] Incorresponding In*cor`re*spond"ing, a. Not corresponding; disagreeing. [R.] Coleridge. Incorrigibility In*cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incorrigibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being incorrigible. The ingratitude, the incorrigibility, the strange perverseness . . . of mankind. Barrow. Incorrigible In*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), a. [L. incorrigibilis: cf. F. incorrigible. See In- not, and Corrigible.] Not corrigible; incapable of being corrected or amended; bad beyond correction; irreclaimable; as, incorrigible error. "Incorrigible fools." Dryden. Incorrigible In*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), n. One who is corrigible; especially, a hardened criminal; as, the perpetual imprisonment of incorrigibles. _________________________________________________________________ Page 748 Incorrigibleness In*cor"ri*gi*ble*ness (?), n. Incorrigibility. Dr. H. More. Incorrigibly In*cor"ri*gi*bly, adv. In an incorrigible manner. Incorrodible In`cor*rod"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being corroded, consumed, or eaten away. Incorrupt In"cor*rupt" (?), a. [L. incorruptus. See In- not, and Corrupt.] 1. Not affected with corruption or decay; unimpaired; not marred or spoiled. 2. Not defiled or depraved; pure; sound; untainted; above the influence of bribes; upright; honest. Milton. Your Christian principles . . . which will preserve you incorrupt as individuals. Bp. Hurd. Incorrupted In"cor*rupt"ed (?), a. Uncorrupted. [Obs.] Breathed into their incorrupted breasts. Sir J. Davies. Incorruptibility In`cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incorruptibilitas: cf. F. incorruptibilit\'82.] The quality of being incorruptible; incapability of corruption. Holland. Incorruptible In"cor*rupt"i*ble (?), a. [L. incorruptibilis: cf. F. incorruptible. See In- not, and Corrupt.] 1. Not corruptible; incapable of corruption, decay, or dissolution; as, gold is incorruptible. Our bodies shall be changed into incorruptible and immortal substances. Wake. 2. Incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted; inflexibly just and upright. Incorruptible In"cor*rupt"i*ble, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect which arose in Alexandria, in the reign of the Emperor Justinian, and which believed that the body of Christ was incorruptible, and that he suffered hunger, thirst, pain, only in appearance. Incorruptible In"cor*rupt"i*ble, n. The quality or state of being incorruptible. Boyle. Incorruptibly In"cor*rupt"i*bly, adv. In an incorruptible manner. Incorruption In"cor*rup"tion (?), n. [L. incorruptio: cf. F. incorruption. See In- not, and Corruption.] The condition or quality of being incorrupt or incorruptible; absence of, or exemption from, corruption. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption. 1 Cor. xv. 42. The same preservation, or, rather, incorruption, we have observed in the flesh of turkeys, capons, etc. Sir T. Browne. Incorruptive In`cor*rupt"ive (?), a. [L. incorruptivus.] Incorruptible; not liable to decay. Akenside. Incorruptly In`cor*rupt"ly (?), adv. Without corruption. To demean themselves incorruptly. Milton. Incorruptness In`cor*rupt"ness, n. 1. Freedom or exemption from decay or corruption. 2. Probity; integrity; honesty. Woodward. Incrassate In*cras"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrassated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incrassating.] [L. incrassatus, p. p. of incrassare; pref. in- in + crassus thick.] To make thick or thicker; to thicken; especially, in pharmacy, to thicken (a liquid) by the mixture of another substance, or by evaporating the thinner parts. Acids dissolve or attenuate; alkalies precipitate or incrassate. Sir I. Newton. Liquors which time hath incrassated into jellies. Sir T. Browne. Incrassate In*cras"sate, v. i. To become thick or thicker. Incrassate, Incrassated In*cras"sate (?), In*cras"sa*ted (?), a. [L. incrassatus, p. p.] 1. Made thick or thicker; thickened; inspissated. 2. (Bot.) Thickened; becoming thicker. Martyn. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Swelled out on some particular part, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects. Incrassation In`cras*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incrassation.] 1. The act or process of thickening or making thick; the process of becoming thick or thicker. 2. The state of being incrassated or made thick; inspissation. Sir T. Browne. Incrassative In*cras"sa*tive (?), a. Having the quality of thickening; tending to thicken. Harvey. Incrassative In*cras"sa*tive, n. A substance which has the power to thicken; formerly, a medicine supposed to thicken the humors. Harvey. Increasable In*creas"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being increased. Sherwood. -- In*creas"a*ble*ness, n. An indefinite increasableness of some of our ideas. Bp. Law. Increase In*crease" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Increased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Increasing.] [OE. incresen, encresen, enrescen, OF. encreistre, fr. L. increscere; pref. in- in + crescere to grow. See Crescent, and cf. Decrease.] 1. To become greater or more in size, quantity, number, degree, value, intensity, power, authority, reputation, wealth; to grow; to augment; to advance; -- opposed to decrease. The waters increased and bare up the ark. Gen. vii. 17. He must increase, but I must decrease. John iii. 30. The heavens forbid But that our loves and comforts should increase, Even as our days do grow! Shak. 2. To multiply by the production of young; to be fertile, fruitful, or prolific. Fishes are more numerous of increasing than beasts or birds, as appears by their numerous spawn. Sir M. Hale. 3. (Astron.) To become more nearly full; to show more of the surface; to wax; as, the moon increases. Increasing function (Math.), a function whose value increases when that of the variable increases, and decreases when the latter is diminished. Syn. -- To enlarge; extend; multiply; expand; develop; heighten; amplify; raise; enhance; spread; aggravate; magnify; augment; advance. -- To Increase, Enlarge, Extend. Enlarge implies to make larger or broader in size. Extend marks the progress of enlargement so as to have wider boundaries. Increase denotes enlargement by growth and internal vitality, as in the case of plants. A kingdom is enlarged by the addition of new territories; the mind is enlarged by knowledge. A kingdom is extended when its boundaries are carried to a greater distance from the center. A man's riches, honors, knowledge, etc., are increased by accessions which are made from time to time. Increase In*crease" (?), v. t. To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, extent, value, or amount, etc.; to add to; to extend; to lengthen; to enhance; to aggravate; as, to increase one's possessions, influence. I will increase the famine. Ezek. v. 16. Make denials Increase your services. Shak. Increase In"crease (?; 277), n. [OE. encres, encresse. See Increase, v. i.] 1. Addition or enlargement in size, extent, quantity, number, intensity, value, substance, etc.; augmentation; growth. As if increase of appetite had grown By what if fed on. Shak. For things of tender kind for pleasure made Shoot up with swift increase, and sudden are decay'd. Dryden. 2. That which is added to the original stock by augmentation or growth; produce; profit; interest. Take thou no usury of him, or increase. Lev. xxv. 36. Let them not live to taste this land's increase. Shak. 3. Progeny; issue; offspring. All the increase of thy house shall die in the flower of their age. 1 Sam. ii. 33. 4. Generation. [Obs.] "Organs of increase." Shak. 5. (Astron.) The period of increasing light, or luminous phase; the waxing; -- said of the moon. Seeds, hair, nails, hedges, and herbs will grow soonest if set or cut in the increase of the moon. Bacon. Increase twist, the twixt of a rifle groove in which the angle of twist increases from the breech to the muzzle. Syn. -- Enlargement; extension; growth; development; increment; addition; accession; production. Increaseful In*crease"ful (?), a. Full of increase; abundant in produce. "Increaseful crops." [R.] Shak. Increasement In*crease"ment (?), n. Increase. [R.] Bacon. Increaser In*creas"er (?), n. One who, or that, increases. Increasingly In*creas"ing*ly, adv. More and more. Increate In`cre*ate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Increated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Increating.] [Pref. in- in + create.] To create within. [R.] Increate, Increated In"cre*ate (?), In"cre*a`ted (?), a. [L. increatus. See In- not, and Create.] Uncreated; self-existent. [R.] Bright effincreate. Milton. Incredibility In*cred`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incredibilitas: cf. F. incr\'82dibilit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being incredible; incredibleness. Dryden. 2. That which is incredible. Johnson. Incredible In*cred"i*ble (?), a. [L. incredibilis: cf. OF. incredible. See In- not, and Credible.] Not credible; surpassing belief; too extraordinary and improbable to admit of belief; unlikely; marvelous; fabulous. Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead? Acts xxvi. 8. Incredibleness In*cred"i*ble*ness, n. Incredibility. Incredibly In*cred"i*bly, adv. In an incredible manner. Incredited In*cred"it*ed (?), a. Uncredited. [Obs.] Incredulity In`cre*du"li*ty (?), n. [L. incredu: cf. F. incr\'82dulit\'82.] The state or quality of being i Of every species of incredulity, religious unbelief is the most irrational. Buckminster. Incredulous In*cred"u*lous (?; 135), a. [L. incredulus. See In- not, and Credulous.] 1. Not credulous; indisposed to admit or accept that which is related as true, skeptical; unbelieving. Bacon. A fantastical incredulous fool. Bp. Wilkins. 2. Indicating, or caused by, disbelief or incredulity. "An incredulous smile." Longfellow. 3. Incredible; not easy to be believed. [R.] Shak. Incredulously In*cred"u*lous*ly, adv. In an incredulous manner; with incredulity. Incredulousness In*cred"u*lous*ness, n. Incredulity. Incremable In*crem"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. cremabilis combustible, fr. cremare to burn.] Incapable of being burnt; incombustibe. Sir T. Browne. Incremate In"cre*mate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + cremate.] To consume or reduce to ashes by burning, as a dead body; to cremate. Incremation In`cre*ma"tion (?), n. Burning; esp., the act of burning a dead body; cremation. Increment In"cre*ment (?), n. [L. incrementum: cf. F. incr\'82ment. See Increase.] 1. The act or process of increasing; growth in bulk, guantity, number, value, or amount; augmentation; enlargement. The seminary that furnisheth matter for the formation and increment of animal and vegetable bodies. Woodward. A nation, to be great, ought to be compressed in its increment by nations more civilized than itself. Coleridge. 2. Matter added; increase; produce; production; -- opposed to decrement. "Large increment." J. Philips. 3. (Math.) The increase of a variable quantity or fraction from its present value to its next ascending value; the finite quantity, generally variable, by which a variable quantity is increased. 4. (Rhet.) An amplification without strict climax, as in the following passage: Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, . . . think on these things. Phil. iv. 8. Infinitesimal increment (Math.), an infinitesimally small variation considered in Differential Calculus. See Calculus. -- Method of increments (Math.), a calculus founded on the properties of the successive values of variable quantities and their differences or increments. It differs from the method of fluxions in treating these differences as finite, instead of infinitely small, and is equivalent to the calculus of finite differences. Incremental In`cre*men"tal (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, the process of growth; as, the incremental lines in the dentine of teeth. Increpate In"cre*pate (?), v. t. [L. increpatus, p. p. of increpare to upbraid; pref. in- in, against + crepare to talk noisily.] To chide; to rebuke; to reprove. [Obs.] Increpation In`cre*pa"tion (?), n. [L. increpatio.] A chiding; rebuke; reproof. [Obs.] Hammond. Increscent In*cres"cent (?), a. [L. increscens, -entis, p. pr. of increscere. See Increase.] 1. Increasing; growing; augmenting; swelling; enlarging. Between the incresent and decrescent moon. Tennyson. 2. (Her.) Increasing; on the increase; -- said of the moon represented as the new moon, with the points turned toward the dexter side. Increst In*crest" (?), v. t. To adorn with a crest. [R.] Drummond. Incriminate In*crim"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incriminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incriminating.] [LL. incriminatus, p. p. of incriminare; in- in + criminare, criminari, to accuse one of a crime. See Criminate.] To accuse; to charge with a crime or fault; to criminate. Incrimination In*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of incriminating; crimination. Incriminatory In*crim"i*na*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to crimination; tending to incriminate; criminatory. Incruental In`cru*en"tal (?), a. [L. incruentus. See In- not, and Cruentous.] Unbloody; not attended with blood; as, an incruental sacrifice. [Obs.] Brevint. Incrust In*crust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Incrusting.] [L. incrustare; pref. in- in + crustare to cover with a crust: cf. F. incruster. See Crust.] [Written also encrust.] 1. To cover or line with a crust, or hard coat; to form a crust on the surface of; as, iron incrusted with rust; a vessel incrusted with salt; a sweetmeat incrusted with sugar. And by the frost refin'd the whiter snow, Incrusted hard. Thomson. 2. (Fine Arts) To inlay into, as a piece of carving or other ornamental object. Incrustate In*crus"tate (?), a. [L. incrustatus, p. p. See Incrust.] Incrusted. Bacon. Incrustate In*crus"tate (?), v. t. To incrust. [R.] Cheyne. Incrustation In`crus*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incrustatio: cf. F. incrustation. See Incrust.] 1. The act of incrusting, or the state of being incrusted. 2. A crust or hard coating of anything upon or within a body, as a deposit of lime, sediment, etc., from water on the inner surface of a steam boiler. 3. (Arch.) A covering or inlaying of marble, mosaic, etc., attached to the masonry by cramp irons or cement. 4. (Fine Arts) Anything inlaid or imbedded. Incrustment In*crust"ment (?), n. Incrustation. [R.] Incrystallizable In*crys"tal*li`za*ble (?), a. Not crystallizable; incapable of being formed into crystals. Incubate In"cu*bate (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Incubated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incubating (?).] [L. incubatus, p. p. incubare to lie on; pref. in- in, on + cubare to lie down. Cf. Cubit, Incumbent.] To sit, as on eggs for hatching; to brood; to brood upon, or keep warm, as eggs, for the purpose of hatching. Incubation In`cu*ba"tion (?), n. [L. incubatio: cf. F. incubation.] 1. A sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young; a brooding on, or keeping warm, (eggs) to develop the life within, by any process. Ray. 2. (Med.) The development of a disease from its causes, or its period of incubation. (See below.) 3. A sleeping in a consecrated place for the purpose of dreaming oracular dreams. Tylor. Period of incubation, OR Stage of incubation (Med.), the period which elapses between exposure to the causes of a disease and the attack resulting from it; the time of development of the supposed germs or spores.<-- for infectious diseases --> Incubative In"cu*ba*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to incubation, or to the period of incubation. Incubator In"cu*ba`tor (?), n. That which incubates, especially, an apparatus by means of which eggs are hatched by artificial heat. Incubatory In*cu"ba*to*ry (?), a. Serving for incubation. Incube In*cube" (?), v. t. To fix firmly, as in cube; to secure or place firmly. [Obs.] Milton. Incubiture In*cu"bi*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf. L. incubitus.] Incubation. [Obs.] J. Ellis. Incubous In"cu*bous (?), a. [From L. incubare to lie on.] (Bot.) Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one covers the base of the leaf next above it, as in hepatic mosses of the genus Frullania. See Succubous. Incubus In"cu*bus (?), n.; pl. E. Incubuses (#), L. Incubi (#). [L., the nightmare. Cf. Incubate.] 1. A demon; a fiend; a lascivious spirit, supposed to have sexual intercourse with women by night. Tylor. The devils who appeared in the female form were generally called succubi; those who appeared like men incubi, though this distinction was not always preserved. Lecky. 2. (Med.) The nightmare. See Nightmare. Such as are troubled with incubus, or witch-ridden, as we call it. Burton. 3. Any oppressive encumbrance or burden; anything that prevents the free use of the faculties. Debt and usury is the incubus which weighs most heavily on the agricultural resources of Turkey. J. L. Farley. Inculcate In*cul"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inculcated; p. pr. & vb. n. Inculcating (?).] [L. inculcatus, p. p. of inculcare to tread on; pref. in- in, on + calcare to tread, fr. calx the heel; perh. akin to E. heel. Cf. 2d Calk, Heel.] To teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions; to urge on the mind; as, Christ inculcates on his followers humility. The most obvious and necessary duties of life they have not yet had authority enough to enforce and inculcate upon men's minds. S. Clarke. Syn. -- To instill; infuse; implant; engraft; impress. Inculcation In`cul*ca"tion (?), n. [L. inculcatio: cf. F. inculcation.] A teaching and impressing by frequent repetitions. Bp. Hall. _________________________________________________________________ Page 749 Inculcator In*cul"ca*tor (?), n. [L.] One who inculcates. Boyle. Inculk In*culk" (?). v. t. [Cf. F. inculquer. See Inculcate.] To inculcate. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Inculp In*culp" (?), v. t. [Cf. inculper. See Inculpate.] To inculpate. [Obs.] Shelton. Inculpable In*cul"pa*ble (?), a. [L. inculpabilis: cf. F. incupable.] Faultless; blameless; innocent. South. An innocent and incupable piece of ignorance. Killingbeck. Inculpableness In*cul"pa*ble*ness, n. Blamelessness; faultlessness. Inculpably In*cul"pa*bly, adv. Blamelessly. South. Inculpate In*cul"pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inculpated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inculpating (?).] [LL. inculpatus, p. p. of inculpare to blame; pref. in- in + culpa fault. See Culpable.] NOTE: [A word of recent introduction.] To blame; to impute guilt to; to accuse; to involve or implicate in guilt. That risk could only exculpate her and not inculpate them -- the probabilities protected them so perfectly. H. James. Inculpation In`cul*pa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inculpation.] Blame; censure; crimination. Jefferson. Inculpatory In*cul"pa*to*ry (?), a. Imputing blame; criminatory; compromising; implicating. Incult In*cult" (?), a. [L. incultus; pref. in- not + cultus, p. p. of colere to cultivate: cf. F. inculte.] Untilled; uncultivated; crude; rude; uncivilized. Germany then, says Tacitus, was incult and horrid, now full of magnificent cities. Burton. His style is diffuse and incult. M. W. Shelley. Incultivated In*cul"ti*va`ted (?), a. Uncultivated. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert. Incultivation In*cul`ti*va"tion (?), n. Want of cultivation. [Obs.] Berington. Inculture In*cul"ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. in- not + culture: cf. F. inculture.] Want or neglect of cultivation or culture. [Obs.] Feltham. Incumbency In*cum"ben*cy (?), n.; pl. Incumbencies (#). [From Incumbent.] 1. The state of being incumbent; a lying or resting on something. 2. That which is physically incumbent; that which lies as a burden; a weight. Evelyn. 3. That which is morally incumbent, or is imposed, as a rule, a duty, obligation, or responsibility. "The incumbencies of a family." Donne. 4. The state of holding a benefice; the full possession and exercise of any office. These fines are only to be paid to the bishop during his incumbency. Swift. Incumbent In*cum"bent (?), a. [L. incumbens, -entis, p. pr. of incumbere to lie down upon, press upon; pref. in- in, on + cumbere (in comp.); akin to cubare to lie down. See Incubate.] 1. Lying; resting; reclining; recumbent; superimposed; superincumbent. Two incumbent figures, gracefully leaning upon it. Sir H. Wotton. To move the incumbent load they try. Addison. 2. Lying, resting, or imposed, as a duty or obligation; obligatory; always with on or upon. All men, truly zealous, will perform those good works that are incumbent on all Christians. Sprat. 3. (Bot.) Leaning or resting; -- said of anthers when lying on the inner side of the filament, or of cotyledons when the radicle lies against the back of one of them. Gray. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Bent downwards so that the ends touch, or rest on, something else; as, the incumbent toe of a bird. Incumbent In*cum"bent, n. A person who is in present possession of a benefice or of any office. The incumbent lieth at the mercy of his patron. Swift. Incumbently In*cum"bent*ly, adv. In an incumbent manner; so as to be incumbent. Incumber In*cum"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incumbering.] See Encumber. Incumbition In`cum*bi"tion (?), n. Incubation. [R.] Sterne. Incumbrance In*cum"brance (?), n. [See Encumbrance.] [Written also encumbrance.] 1. A burdensome and troublesome load; anything that impedes motion or action, or renders it difficult or laborious; clog; impediment; hindrance; check. Cowper. 2. (Law) A burden or charge upon property; a claim or lien upon an estate, which may diminish its value. Incumbrancer In*cum"bran*cer (?), n. (Law) One who holds Kent. Incumbrous In*cum"brous (?), a. [Cf. OF. encombros.] Cumbersome; troublesome. [Written also encombrous.] [Obs.] Chaucer. Incunabulum In`cu*nab"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Incunabula (#). [L. incunabula cradle, birthplace, origin. See 1st In-, and Cunabula.] A work of art or of human industry, of an early epoch; especially, a book printed before A. D. 1500. Incur In*cur" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurring (?).] [L. incurrere to run into or toward; pref. in- in + currere to run. See Current.] 1. To meet or fall in with, as something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to put one's self in the way of; to expose one's self to; to become liable or subject to; to bring down upon one's self; to encounter; to contract; as, to incur debt, danger, displeasure I know not what I shall incur to passShak. 2. To render liable or subject to; to occasion. [Obs.] Lest you incur me much more damage in my fame than you have done me pleasure in preserving my life. Chapman. Incur In*cur", v. i. To pass; to enter. [Obs.] Light is discerned by itself because by itself it incurs into the eye. South. Incurability In*cur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incurabilit\'82 incurability, LL. incurabilitas negligence.] The state of being uncurable; irremediableness. Harvey. Incurable In*cur"a*ble (?), a. [F. incurable, L. incurabilis. See In- not, and Curable.] 1. Not capable of being cured; beyond the power of skill or medicine to remedy; as, an incurable disease. A scirrh is not absolutely incurable. Arbuthnot. 2. Not admitting or capable of remedy or correction; irremediable; remediless; as, incurable evils. Rancorous and incurable hostility. Burke. They were laboring under a profound, and, as it might have seemed, an almost incurable ignorance. Sir J. Stephen. Syn. -- Irremediable; remediless; irrecoverable; irretrievable; irreparable; hopeless. Incurable In*cur"a*ble, n. A person diseased beyond cure. Incurableness In*cur"a*ble*ness, n. The state of being incurable; incurability. Boyle. Incurably In*cur"a*bly, adv. In a manner that renders cure impracticable or impossible; irremediably. "Incurably diseased." Bp. Hall. "Incurably wicked." Blair. Incuriosity In*cu`ri*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. incuriositas: cf. F. incurosit\'82.] Want of curiosity or interest; inattentiveness; indifference. Sir H. Wotton. Incurious In*cu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. incuriosus: cf. F. incurieux. See In- not, and Curious.] Not curious or inquisitive; without care for or interest in; inattentive; careless; negligent; heedless. Carelessnesses and incurious deportments toward their children. Jer. Taylor. Incuriously In*cu"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an curious manner. Incuriousness In*cu"ri*ous*ness, n. Unconcernedness; incuriosity. Sordid incuriousness and slovenly neglect. Bp. Hall. Incurrence In*cur"rence (?), n. [See Incur.] The act of incurring, bringing on, or subjecting one's self to (something troublesome or burdensome); as, the incurrence of guilt, debt, responsibility, etc. Incurrent In*cur"rent (?), a. [L. incurrens, p. pr. incurere, incursum, to run in; in- + currere to run.] (Zo\'94l.) Characterized by a current which flows inward; as, the incurrent orifice of lamellibranch Mollusca. Incursion In*cur"sion (?), n. [L. incursio: cf. F. incursion. See Incur.] 1. A running into; hence, an entering into a territory with hostile intention; a temporary invasion; a predatory or harassing inroad; a raid. The Scythian, whose incursions wild Have wasted Sogdiana. Milton. The incursions of the Goths disordered the affairs of the Roman Empire. Arbuthnot. 2. Attack; occurrence. [Obs.] Sins of daily incursion. South. Syn. -- Invasion; inroad; raid; foray; sally; attack; onset; irruption. See Invasion. Incursive In*cur"sive (?), a. Making an incursion; invasive; aggressive; hostile. Incurtain In*cur"tain (?), v. t. To curtain. [Obs.] Incurvate In*cur"vate (?), a. [L. incurvatus, p. p. of incurvare to crook; pref. in- in + curvus bent. See Curve, and cf. Incurve.] Curved; bent; crooked. Derham. Incurvate In*cur"vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurvated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurvating.] To turn from a straight line or course; to bend; to crook. Cheyne. Incurvation In`cur*va"tion (?), n. [L. incurvatio: cf. F. incurvation.] 1. The act of bending, or curving. 2. The state of being bent or curved; curvature. An incurvation of the rays. Derham. 3. The act of bowing, or bending the body, in respect or reverence. "The incurvations of the knee." Bp. Hall. Incurve In*curve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurving.] [See Incurvate.] To bend; to curve; to make crooked. Incurved In*curved" (?), a. [Pref. in- in + curved.] (Bot.) Bending gradually toward the axis or center, as branches or petals. Incurvity In*cur"vi*ty (?), n. [From L. incurvus bent. See Incurvate.] A state of being bent or curved; incurvation; a bending inwards. Sir T. Browne. Incus In"cus (?), n. [L., anvil.] 1. An anvil. 2. (Anat.) One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the anvil bone. See Ear. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The central portion of the armature of the pharynx in the Rotifera. Incuse In*cuse" (?), a. [See Incuse, v. t.] (Numismatics) Cut or stamped in, or hollowed out by engraving. "Irregular incuse square." Dr. W. Smith. Incuse, Incuss In*cuse" (?), In*cuss" (?), v. t. [L. incussus, p. p. of incutere to strike. See 1st In-, and Concuss.] To form, or mold, by striking or stamping, as a coin or medal. Incute In*cute" (?), v. t. [See Incuse.] To strike or stamp in. [Obs.] Becon. Incyst In*cyst" (?), v. t. See Encyst. Incysted In*cyst"ed, a. See Encysted. Ind Ind (?), n. India. [Poetical] Shak. Milton. Indagate In"da*gate (?), v. t. [L. indagatus, p. p. of indagare to seek.] To seek or search out. [Obs.] Indagation In`da*ga"tion (?), n. [L. indagatio: cf. F. indagation.] Search; inquiry; investigation. [Obs.] Indagative In"da*ga*tive (?), a. Searching; exploring; investigating. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Indagator In"da*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] A searcher; an explorer; an investigator. [Obs.] Searched into by such skillful indagators of nature. Boyle. Indamage In*dam"age (?; 48), v. t. See Endamage. [R.] Indamaged In*dam"aged (?), a. Not damaged. [Obs.] Milton. Indart In*dart" (?), v. t. To pierce, as with a dart. Indazol In"da*zol (?), n. [Indol + azote.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous compound, C7H6N2, analogous to indol, and produced from a diazo derivative or cinnamic acid. Inde Inde (?), a. Azure-colored; of a bright blue color. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Indear In*dear" (?), v. t. See Endear. Indebt In*debt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indebted; p. pr. & vb. n. Indebting.] [OE. endetten, F. endetter; pref. en- (L. in) + F. dette debt. See Debt.] To bring into debt; to place under obligation; -- chiefly used in the participle indebted. Thy fortune hath indebted thee to none. Daniel. Indebted In*debt"ed, a. 1. Brought into debt; being under obligation; held to payment or requital; beholden. By owing, owes not, but still pays, at once Indebted and discharged. Milton. 2. Placed under obligation for something received, for which restitution or gratitude is due; as, we are indebted to our parents for their care of us in infancy; indebted to friends for help and encouragement. Cowper. Indebtedness In*debt"ed*ness, n. 1. The state of being indebted. 2. The sum owed; debts, collectively. Indebtment In*debt"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endettement.] Indebtedness. [R.] Bp. Hall. Indecence In*de"cence (?), n. See Indecency. [Obs.] "An indecence of barbarity." Bp. Burnet. Indecency In*de"cen*cy (?), n.; pl. Indecencies (#). [L. indecentia unseemliness: cf. F. ind\'82cence.] 1. The quality or state of being indecent; want of decency, modesty, or good manners; obscenity. 2. That which is indecent; an indecent word or act; an offense against delicacy. They who, by speech or writing, present to the ear or the eye of modesty any of the indecencies I allude to, are pests of society. Beattie. Syn. -- Indelicacy; indecorum; immodesty; impurity; obscenity. See Indecorum. Indecent In*de"cent (?), a. [L. indecens unseemly, unbecoming: cf. F. ind\'82cent. See In- not, and Decent.] Not decent; unfit to be seen or heard; offensive to modesty and delicacy; as, indecent language. Cowper. Syn. -- Unbecoming; indecorous; indelicate; unseemly; immodest; gross; shameful; impure; improper; obscene; filthy. Indecently In*de"cent*ly, adv. In an indecent manner. Indeciduate In`de*cid"u*ate (?), a. 1. Indeciduous. 2. (Anat.) Having no decidua; nondeciduate. Indeciduous In`de*cid"u*ous (?), a. Not deciduous or falling, as the leaves of trees in autumn; lasting; evergreen; persistent; permanent; perennial. The indeciduous and unshaven locks of Apollo. Sir T. Browne. Indecimable In*dec"i*ma*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + LL. decimare to tithe: cf. F. ind\'82cimable. See Decimate.] Not decimable, or liable to be decimated; not liable to the payment of tithes. Cowell. Indecipherable In`de*ci"pher*a*ble (?), a. Not decipherable; incapable of being deciphered, explained, or solved. -- In`de*ci"pher*a*bly, adv. Indecision In`de*ci"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + decision: cf. F. ind\'82cision.] Want of decision; want of settled purpose, or of firmness; indetermination; wavering of mind; irresolution; vacillation; hesitation. The term indecision . . . implies an idea very nicely different from irresolution; yet it has a tendency to produce it. Shenstone. Indecision . . . is the natural accomplice of violence. Burke. Indecisive In`de*ci"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. ind\'82cisif.] 1. Not decisive; not bringing to a final or ultimate issue; as, an indecisive battle, argument, answer. The campaign had everywhere been indecisive. Macaulay. 2. Undetermined; prone to indecision; irresolute; unsettled; wavering; vacillating; hesitating; as, an indecisive state of mind; an indecisive character. Indecisively In`de*ci"sive*ly, adv. Without decision. Indecisiveness In`de*ci"sive*ness, n. The state of being indecisive; unsettled state. Indecinable In`de*cin"a*ble (?), a. [L. indeclinabilis: cf. F. ind\'82clinable. See In- not, and Decline.] (Gram.) Not declinable; not varied by inflective terminations; as, nihil (nothing), in Latin, is an indeclinable noun. -- n. An indeclinable word. Indecinably In`de*cin"a*bly, adv. 1. Without variation. 2. (Gram.) Without variation of termination. Indecomposable In*de`com*pos"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + decomposable: cf. F. ind\'82composable.] Not decomposable; incapable or difficult of decomposition; not resolvable into its constituents or elements. Indecomposableness In*de`com*pos"a*ble*ness, n. Incapableness of decomposition; stability; permanence; durability. Indecorous In`de*co"rous (?; 277), a. [L. indecorous. See In- not, and Decorous.] Not decorous; violating good manners; contrary to good breeding or etiquette; unbecoming; improper; out of place; as, indecorous conduct. It was useless and indecorous to attempt anything more by mere struggle. Burke. Syn. -- Unbecoming; unseemly; unbefitting; rude; coarse; impolite; uncivil; ill-bred. Indecorously In`de*co"rous*ly, adv. In an indecorous manner. Indecorousness In`de*co"rous*ness, n. The quality of being indecorous; want of decorum. Indecorum In`de*co"rum (?), n. [Pref. in- not + decorum: cf. L. indecorous unbecoming.] 1. Want of decorum; impropriety of behavior; that in behavior or manners which violates the established rules of civility, custom, or etiquette; indecorousness. 2. An indecorous or becoming action. Young. Syn. -- Indecorum is sometimes synonymous with indecency; but indecency, more frequently than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed or suppressed. Indecency is the stronger word; indecorum refers to any transgression of etiquette or civility, especially in public. Indeed In*deed" (?), adv. [Prep. in + deed.] In reality; in truth; in fact; verily; truly; -- used in a variety of sense. Esp.: (a) Denoting emphasis; as, indeed it is so. (b) Denoting concession or admission; as, indeed, you are right. (c) Denoting surprise; as, indeed, is it you? Its meaning is not intrinsic or fixed, but depends largely on the form of expression which it accompanies. _________________________________________________________________ Page 750 The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. Rom. viii. 7. I were a beast indeed to do you wrong. Dryden. There is, indeed, no great pleasure in visiting these magazines of war. Addison. Indefatigability In`de*fat`i*ga*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being indefatigable. Indefatigable In`de*fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. indefatigabilis: cf. OF. indefatigable. See In- not, and Defatigable, and cf. Infatigable.] Incapable of being fatigued; not readily exhausted; unremitting in labor or effort; untiring; unwearying; not yielding to fatigue; as, indefatigable exertions, perseverance, application. "A constant, indefatigable attendance." South. Upborne with indefatigable wings. Milton. Syn. -- Unwearied; untiring; persevering; persistent. Indefatigableness In`de*fat"i*ga*ble*ness, n. Indefatigable quality; unweariedness; persistency. Parnell. Indefatigably In`de*fat"i*ga*bly, adv. Without weariness; without yielding to fatigue; persistently. Dryden. Indefatigation In`de*fat`i*ga"tion (?), n. Indefatigableness; unweariedness. [Obs.] J. Gregory. Indefeasibility In`de*fea`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being undefeasible. Indefeasible In`de*fea`si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + defeasible: cf. OF. indefaisable.] Not to be defeated; not defeasible; incapable of being annulled or made void; as, an indefeasible or title. That the king had a divine and an indefeasible right to the regal power. Macaulay. Indefectibility In`de*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ind\'82fectibilit\'82.] The quality of being indefectible. Barrow. Indefectible In`de*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + defectible: cf. F. ind\'82fectible.] Not defectible; unfailing; not liable to defect, failure, or decay. An indefectible treasure in the heavens. Barrow. A state of indefectible virtue and happiness. S. Clarke. Indefective In`de*fect"ive (?), a. Not defective; perfect; complete. "Absolute, indefective obedience." South. Indefeisible In`de*fei"si*ble (?), a. Indefeasible. [Obs.] Indefensibility In`de*fen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of not being defensible. Walsh. Indefensible In`de*fen"si*ble (?), [Pref. in- not + defensible: cf. OF. indefensible, indefensable.] Not defensible; not capable of being defended, maintained, vindicated, or justified; unjustifiable; untenable; as, an indefensible fortress, position, cause, etc. Men find that something can be said in favor of what, on the very proposal, they thought utterly indefensible. Burke. Indefensibly In`de*fen"si*bly, adv. In an indefensible manner. Indefensive In`de*fen"sive (?), a. Defenseless. [Obs.] The sword awes the indefensive villager. Sir T. Herbert. Indeficiency In`de*fi"cien*cy, n. The state or quality of not being deficient. [Obs.] Strype. Indeficient In`de*fi"cient (?), a. [L. indeficiens. See In- not, and Deficient.] Not deficient; full. [Obs.] Brighter than the sun, and indeficient as the light of heaven. Jer. Taylor. Indefinable In`de*fin"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being defined or described; inexplicable. Bp. Reynolds. Indefinably In`de*fin"a*bly, adv. In an indefinable manner. Indefinite In*def"i*nite (?), a. [L. indefinitus. See In- not, and Definite.] 1. Not definite; not limited, defined, or specified; not explicit; not determined or fixed upon; not precise; uncertain; vague; confused; obscure; as, an indefinite time, plan, etc. It were to be wished that . . . men would leave off that indefinite way of vouching, "the chymists say this," or "the chymists affirm that." Boyle. The time of this last is left indefinite. Dryden. 2. Having no determined or certain limits; large and unmeasured, though not infinite; unlimited; as indefinite space; the indefinite extension of a straight line. Though it is not infinite, it may be indefinite; though it is not boundless in itself, it may be so to human comprehension. Spectator. 3. Boundless; infinite. [R.] Indefinite and omnipresent God, Inhabiting eternity. W. Thompson (1745). 4. (Bot.) Too numerous or variable to make a particular enumeration important; -- said of the parts of a flower, and the like. Also, indeterminate. Indefinite article (Gram.), the word a or an, used with nouns to denote any one of a common or general class. -- Indefinite inflorescence. (Bot.) See Indeterminate inflorescence, under Indeterminate. -- Indefinite proposition (Logic), a statement whose subject is a common term, with nothing to indicate distribution or nondistribution; as, Man is mortal. -- Indefinite term (Logic), a negative term; as, the not-good. Syn. -- Inexplicit; vague; uncertain; unsettled; indeterminate; loose; equivocal; inexact; approximate. Indefinitely In*def"i*nite*ly, adv. In an indefinite manner or degree; without any settled limitation; vaguely; not with certainty or exactness; as, to use a word indefinitely. If the world be indefinitely extended, that is, so far as no human intellect can fancy any bound of it. Ray. Indefiniteness In*def"i*nite*ness, n. The quality of being indefinite. Indefinitude In`de*fin"i*tude (?), n. Indefiniteness; vagueness; also, number or quantity not limited by our understanding, though yet finite. [Obs.] Sir M . Hale. Indehiscence In`de*his"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. ind\'82hiscence.] (Bot.) The property or state of being indehiscent. Indehiscent In`de*his"cent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dehiscent: cf. F. ind\'82hiscent.] (Bot.) Remaining closed at maturity, or not opening along regular lines, as the acorn, or a cocoanut. Indelectable In`de*lec"ta*ble (?), a. Not delectable; unpleasant; disagreeable. [R.] Richardson. Indeliberate In`de*lib"er*ate (?), a. [L. indeliberatus. See In- not, and Deliberate.] Done without deliberation; unpremeditated. [Obs.] -- In`de*lib"er*ate*ly, adv. [Obs.] Indeliberated In`de*lib"er*a`ted (?), a. Indeliberate. [Obs.] Indelibility In*del`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ind\'82l\'82bilit\'82.] The quality of being indelible. Bp. Horsley. Indelible In*del"i*ble (?), a. [L. indelebilis; pref.in- not + delebilis capable of being destroyed: cf. F. ind\'82l\'82bile. See In- not, and Deleble.] [Formerly written also indeleble, which accords with the etymology of the word.] 1. That can not be removed, washed away, blotted out, or effaced; incapable of being canceled, lost, or forgotten; as, indelible characters; an indelible stain; an indelible impression on the memory. 2. That can not be annulled; indestructible. [R.] They are endued with indelible power from above. Sprat. Indelible colors, fast colors which do not fade or tarnish by exposure. -- Indelible ink, an ink obliterated by washing; esp., a solution of silver nitrate. Syn. -- Fixed; fast; permanent; ineffaceable. -- In*del"i*ble*ness, n. -- In*del"i*bly, adv. Indelibly stamped and impressed. J. Ellis. Indelicacy In*del"i*ca*cy (?), n.; pl. Indelicacies (#). [From Indelicate.] The quality of being indelicate; want of delicacy, or of a nice sense of, or regard for, purity, propriety, or refinement in manners, language, etc.; rudeness; coarseness; also, that which is offensive to refined taste or purity of mind. The indelicacy of English comedy. Blair. Your papers would be chargeable with worse than indelicacy; they would be immoral. Addison. Indelicate In*del"i*cate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + delicate: cf. F. ind\'82licat.] Not delicate; wanting delicacy; offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind; coarse; rude; as, an indelicate word or suggestion; indelicate behavior. Macaulay. -- In*del"i*cate*ly, adv. Syn. -- Indecorous; unbecoming; unseemly; rude; coarse; broad; impolite; gross; indecent; offensive; improper; unchaste; impure; unrefined. Indemnification In*dem`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of indemnifying, preserving, or securing against loss, damage, or penalty; reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty; the state of being indemnified. Indemnification is capable of some estimate; dignity has no standard. Burke. 2. That which indemnifies. No reward with the name of an indemnification. De Quincey. Indemnify In*dem"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indemnified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indemnifying (?).] [L. indemnis unhurt (in- not + damnum hurt, damage) + -fy. Cf. Damn, Damnify.] 1. To save harmless; to secure against loss or damage; to insure. The states must at last engage to the merchants here that they will indemnify them from all that shall fall out. Sir W. Temple. 2. To make restitution or compensation for, as for that which is lost; to make whole; to reimburse; to compensate. Beattie. Indemnity In*dem"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Indemnities (#). [L. indemnitas, fr. indemnis uninjured: cf. F. indemnit\'82. See Indemnify.] 1. Security; insurance; exemption from loss or damage, past or to come; immunity from penalty, or the punishment of past offenses; amnesty. Having first obtained a promise of indemnity for the riot they had committed. Sir W. Scott. 2. Indemnification, compensation, or remuneration for loss, damage, or injury sustained. They were told to expect, upon the fall of Walpole, a large and lucrative indemnity for their pretended wrongs. Ld. Mahon. NOTE: &hand; In surance is a co ntract of indemnity. Arnould. The owner of private property taken for public use is entitled to compensation or indemnity. Kent. Act of indemnity (Law), an act or law passed in order to relieve persons, especially in an official station, from some penalty to which they are liable in consequence of acting illegally, or, in case of ministers, in consequence of exceeding the limits of their strict constitutional powers. These acts also sometimes provide compensation for losses or damage, either incurred in the service of the government, or resulting from some public measure. Indemonstrability In`de*mon`stra*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being indemonstrable. Indemonstrable In`de*mon"stra*ble (?), a. [L. indemonstrabilis. See In- not, and Demonstrable.] Incapable of being demonstrated. -- In`de*mon"stra*ble*ness, n. Indenization In*den`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of naturalizing; endenization. [R.] Evelyn. Indenize In*den"ize (?), v. t. To naturalize. [R.] Indenizen In*den"i*zen (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indenizened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indenizening.] To invest with the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [R.] Words indenizened, and commonly used as English. B. Jonson. Indent In*dent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indented; p. pr. & vb. n. Indenting.] [OE. endenten to notch, fit in, OF. endenter, LL. indentare, fr. L. in + dens, dentis, tooth. See Tooth, and cf. Indenture.] 1. To notch; to jag; to cut into points like a row of teeth; as, to indent the edge of paper. 2. To dent; to stamp or to press in; to impress; as, indent a smooth surface with a hammer; to indent wax with a stamp. 3. [Cf. Indenture.] To bind out by indenture or contract; to indenture; to apprentice; as, to indent a young man to a shoemaker; to indent a servant. 4. (Print.) To begin (a line or lines) at a greater or less distance from the margin; as, to indent the first line of a paragraph one em; to indent the second paragraph two ems more than the first. See Indentation, and Indention. 5. (Mil.) To make an order upon; to draw upon, as for military stores. [India] Wilhelm. Indent In*dent", v. i. 1. To be cut, notched, or dented. 2. To crook or turn; to wind in and out; to zigzag. 3. To contract; to bargain or covenant. Shak. To indent and drive bargains with the Almighty. South. Indent In*dent" (?), n. 1. A cut or notch in the man gin of anything, or a recess like a notch. Shak. 2. A stamp; an impression. [Obs.] 3. A certificate, or intended certificate, issued by the government of the United States at the close of the Revolution, for the principal or interest of the public debt. D. Ramsay. A. Hamilton. 4. (Mil.) A requisition or order for supplies, sent to the commissariat of an army. [India] Wilhelm. Indentation In`den*ta"tion (?), n. 1. The act of indenting or state of being indented. 2. A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; as, the indentations of a leaf, of the coast, etc. 3. A recess or sharp depression in any surface. 4. (Print.) (a) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph. (b) The measure of the distance; as, an indentation of one em, or of two ems. Hanging, OR Reverse, indentation, indentation of all the lines of a paragraph except the first, which is a full line. Indented In*dent"ed (?), a. 1. Cut in the edge into points or inequalities, like teeth; jagged; notched; stamped in; dented on the surface. 2. Having an uneven, irregular border; sinuous; undulating. Milton. Shak. 3. (Her.) Notched like the part of a saw consisting of the teeth; serrated; as, an indented border or ordinary. 4. Bound out by an indenture; apprenticed; indentured; as, an indented servant. 5. (Zo\'94l.) Notched along the margin with a different color, as the feathers of some birds. Indented line (Fort.), a line with alternate long and short faces, with salient and receding angles, each face giving a flanking fire along the front of the next. Indentedly In*dent"ed*ly, adv. With indentations. Indenting In*dent"ing (?), n. Indentation; an impression like that made by a tooth. Indention In*den"tion (?), n. (Print.) Same as Indentation, 4. Indentment In*dent"ment (?), n. Indenture. [Obs.] Indenture In*den"ture (?; 135), n. [OE. endenture, OF. endenture, LL. indentura a deed in duplicate, with indented edges. See the Note below. See Indent.] 1. The act of indenting, or state of being indented. 2. (Law) A mutual agreement in writing between two or more parties, whereof each party has usually a counterpart or duplicate; sometimes in the pl., a short form for indentures of apprenticeship, the contract by which a youth is bound apprentice to a master.<-- obs? --> The law is the best expositor of the gospel; they are like a pair of indentures: they answer in every part. C. Leslie. NOTE: &hand; In dentures we re originally duplicates, laid together and intended by a notched cut or line, or else written on the same piece of parchment and separated by a notched line so that the two papers or parchments corresponded to each other. But indenting has gradually become a mere form, and is often neglected, while the writings or counterparts retain the name of indentures. Indenture In*den"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indentured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indenturing.] 1. To indent; to make hollows, notches, or wrinkles in; to furrow. Though age may creep on, and indenture the brow. Woty. 2. To bind by indentures or written contract; as, to indenture an apprentice. Indenture In*den"ture, v. i. To run or wind in and out; to be cut or notched; to indent. Heywood. Independence In`de*pend"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. ind\'82pendance.] 1. The state or quality of being independent; freedom from dependence; exemption from reliance on, or control by, others; self-subsistence or maintenance; direction of one's own affairs without interference. Let fortune do her worst, . . . as long as she never makes us lose our honesty and our independence. Pope. 2. Sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood. Declaration of Independence (Amer. Hist.), the declaration of the Congress of the Thirteen United States of America, on the 4th of July, 1776, by which they formally declared that these colonies were free and independent States, not subject to the government of Great Britain. Independency In`de*pend"en*cy, n. 1. Independence. "Give me," I cried (enough for me), "My bread, and independency!" Pope. 2. (Eccl.) Doctrine and polity of the Independents. Independent In`de*pend"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dependent: cf. F. ind\'82pendant.] 1. Not dependent; free; not subject to control by others; not relying on others; not subordinate; as, few men are wholly independent. A dry, but independent crust. Cowper. 2. Affording a comfortable livelihood; as, an independent property. 3. Not subject to bias or influence; not obsequious; self-directing; as, a man of an independent mind. 4. Expressing or indicating the feeling of independence; free; easy; bold; unconstrained; as, an independent air or manner. 5. Separate from; exclusive; irrespective. That obligation in general, under which we conceive ourselves bound to obey a law, independent of those resources which the law provides for its own enforcement. R. P. Ward. 6. (Eccl.) Belonging or pertaining to, or holding to the doctrines or methods of, the Independents. 7. (Math.) Not dependent upon another quantity in respect to value or rate of variation; -- said of quantities or functions. 8. (U. S. Politics) Not bound by party; exercising a free choice in voting with either or any party. Independent company (Mil.), one not incorporated in any regiment. -- Independent seconds watch, a stop watch having a second hand driven by a separate set of wheels, springs, etc., for timing to a fraction of a second. -- Independent variable. (Math.) See Dependent variable, under Dependent. Syn. -- Free; uncontrolled; separate; uncoerced; self-reliant; bold; unconstrained; unrestricted. _________________________________________________________________ Page 751 Independent In`de*pend"ent (?), n. 1. (Eccl.) One who believes that an organized Christian church is complete in itself, competent to self-government, and independent of all ecclesiastical authority. NOTE: &hand; In England the name is often applied (commonly in the pl.) to the Congregationalists. 2. (Politics) One who does not acknowledge an obligation to support a party's candidate under all circumstances; one who exercises liberty in voting. Independentism In`de*pend"ent*ism (?), n. Independency; the church system of Independents. Bp. Gauden. Independently In`de*pend"ent*ly, adv. In an independent manner; without control. Indeposable In`de*pos"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being deposed. [R.] Princes indeposable by the pope. Bp. Stillingfleet. Indepravate In*dep"ra*vate (?), a. [L. indepravatus.] Undepraved. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode). Indeprecable In*dep"re*ca*ble (?), a. [L. indeprecabilis. See In- not, and Deprecate.] Incapable or undeserving of being deprecated. Cockeram. Indeprehensible In*dep`re*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. indeprehensibilis. See In- not, and Deprehensible.] Incapable of being found out. Bp. Morton. Indeprivable In`de*priv"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being deprived, or of being taken away. Indescribable In`de*scrib"a*ble, a. Incapable of being described. -- In`de*scrib"a*bly, adv. Indescriptive In`de*scrip"tive (?), a. Not descriptive. Indesert In`de*sert" (?), n. Ill desert. [R.] Addison. Indesinent In*des"i*nent (?), a. [L. indesinens. See In- not, and Desinent.] Not ceasing; perpetual. [Obs.] Baxter. -- In*des"i*nent*ly, adv. [Obs.] Ray. Indesirable In`de*sir"a*ble (?), a. Undesirable. Indestructibility In`de*struc`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indestructibilit\'82.] The quality of being indestructible. Indestructible In`de*struc"ti*ble, a. [Pref. in- not + destructible: cf. F. indestructible.] Not destructible; incapable of decomposition or of being destroyed. -- In`de*struc"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In`de*struc"ti*bly, adv. Indeterminable In`de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. indeterminabilis: cf. F. ind\'82terminable. See In- not, and Determine.] Not determinable; impossible to be determined; not to be definitely known, ascertained, defined, or limited. -- In`de*ter"mi*na*bly, adv. Indeterminable In`de*ter"mi*na*ble, n. An indeterminable thing or quantity. Sir T. Browne. Indeterminate In`de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. [L. indeterminatus.] Not determinate; not certain or fixed; indefinite; not precise; as, an indeterminate number of years. Paley. Indeterminate analysis (Math.), that branch of analysis which has for its object the solution of indeterminate problems. -- Indeterminate coefficients (Math.), coefficients arbitrarily assumed for convenience of calculation, or to facilitate some artifice of analysis. Their values are subsequently determined. -- Indeterminate equation (Math.), an equation in which the unknown quantities admit of an infinite number of values, or sets of values. A group of equations is indeterminate when it contains more unknown quantities than there are equations. -- Indeterminate inflorescence (Bot.), a mode of inflorescence in which the flowers all arise from axillary buds, the terminal bud going on to grow and sometimes continuing the stem indefinitely; -- called also acropetal, botryose, centripetal, AND indefinite inflorescence. Gray. -- Indeterminate problem (Math.), a problem which admits of an infinite number of solutions, or one in which there are fewer imposed conditions than there are unknown or required results. -- Indeterminate quantity (Math.), a quantity which has no fixed value, but which may be varied in accordance with any proposed condition. -- Indeterminate series (Math.), a series whose terms proceed by the powers of an indeterminate quantity, sometimes also with indeterminate exponents, or indeterminate coefficients. -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ly adv. -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n. Indetermination In`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + determination: cf. ind\'82termination.] 1. Want of determination; an unsettled or wavering state, as of the mind. Jer. Taylor. 2. Want of fixed or stated direction. Abp. Bramhall. Indetermined In`de*ter"mined (?), a. Undetermined. Indevirginate In`de*vir"gin*ate (?), a. [See In- not, Devirginate.] Not devirginate. [Obs.] Chapman. Indevote In*de*vote" (?), a. [L. indevotus: cf. F. ind\'82vot. Cf. Indevout.] Not devoted. [Obs.] Bentley. Clarendon. Indevotion In`de*vo"tion (?), n. [L. indevotio: cf. F. ind\'82votion.] Want of devotion; impiety; irreligion. "An age of indevotion." Jer. Taylor. Indevout In*de*vout" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + devout. Cf. Indevote.] Not devout. -- In*de*vout"ly, adv. Indew In*dew" (?), v. t. To indue. [Obs.] Spenser. Index In"dex (?), n.; pl. E. Indexes (#), L. Indices (#)(. [L.: cf. F. index. See Indicate, Diction.] 1. That which points out; that which shows, indicates, manifests, or discloses. Tastes are the indexes of the different qualities of plants. Arbuthnot. 2. That which guides, points out, informs, or directs; a pointer or a hand that directs to anything, as the hand of a watch, a movable finger on a gauge, scale, or other graduated instrument. In printing, a sign [\'b5] used to direct particular attention to a note or paragraph; -- called also fist.<-- here represented by "&hand;" --> 3. A table for facilitating reference to topics, names, and the like, in a book; -- usually alphabetical in arrangement, and printed at the end of the volume. 4. A prologue indicating what follows. [Obs.] Shak. 5. (Anat.) The second digit, that next pollex, in the manus, or hand; the forefinger; index finger. 6. (Math.) The figure or letter which shows the power or root of a quantity; the exponent. [In this sense the plural is always indices.] Index error, the error in the reading of a mathematical instrument arising from the zero of the index not being in complete adjustment with that of the limb, or with its theoretically perfect position in the instrument; a correction to be applied to the instrument readings equal to the error of the zero adjustment. -- Index expurgatorius. [L.] See Index prohibitorius (below). -- Index finger. See Index, 5. -- Index glass, the mirror on the index of a quadrant, sextant, etc. -- Index hand, the pointer or hand of a clock, watch, or other registering machine; a hand that points to something. -- Index of a logarithm (Math.), the integral part of the logarithm, and always one less than the number of integral figures in the given number. It is also called the characteristic. -- Index of refraction, OR Refractive index (Opt.), the number which expresses the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction. Thus the index of refraction for sulphur is 2, because, when light passes out of air into sulphur, the sine of the angle of incidence is double the sine of the angle of refraction. -- Index plate, a graduated circular plate, or one with circular rows of holes differently spaced; used in machines for graduating circles, cutting gear teeth, etc. -- Index prohibitorius [L.], or Prohibitory index (R. C. Ch.), a catalogue of books which are forbidden by the church to be read; the index expurgatorius [L.], or expurgatory index, is a catalogue of books from which passages marked as against faith or morals must be removed before Catholics can read them. These catalogues are published with additions, from time to time, by the Congregation of the Index, composed of cardinals, theologians, etc., under the sanction of the pope. Hook. -- Index rerum [L.], a tabulated and alphabetized notebook, for systematic preservation of items, quotations, etc. Index In"dex (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indexing.] To provide with an index or table of references; to put into an index; as, to index a book, or its contents. Indexer In"dex*er (?), n. One who makes an index. Indexical In*dex"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, an index; having the form of an index. Indexically In*dex"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of an index. Indexterity In`dex*ter"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + dexterity: cf. F. indext\'82rit\'82.] Want of dexterity or readiness, especially in the use of the hands; clumsiness; awkwardness. Harvey. India In"di*a (?), n. [See Indian.] A country in Southern Asia; the two peninsulas of Hither and Farther India; in a restricted sense, Hither India, or Hindostan. India ink, a nearly black pigment brought chiefly from China, used for water colors. It is in rolls, or in square, and consists of lampblack or ivory black and animal glue. Called also China ink. The true India ink is sepia. See Sepia. -- India matting, floor matting made in China, India, etc., from grass and reeds; -- also called Canton, OR China, matting. -- India paper, a variety of Chinese paper, of smooth but not glossy surface, used for printing from engravings, woodcuts, etc. -- India proof (Engraving), a proof impression from an engraved plate, taken on India paper. -- India rubber. See Caoutchouc. -- India-rubber tree (Bot.), any tree yielding caoutchouc, but especially the East Indian Ficus elastica, often cultivated for its large, shining, elliptical leaves. Indiadem In*di"a*dem, v. t. To place or set in a diadem, as a gem or gems. Indiaman In"di*a*man (?), n.; pl. Indiamen (. A large vessel in the India trade. Macaulay. Indian In"di*an (?; 277), a [From India, and this fr. Indus, the name of a river in Asia, L. Indus, Gr. Hindu, name of the land on the Indus, Skr. sindhu river, the Indus. Cf. Hindoo.] 1. Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or, sometimes, to the West Indies. 2. Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; as, Indian wars; the Indian tomahawk. 3. Made of maize or Indian corn; as, Indian corn, Indian meal, Indian bread, and the like. [U.S.] Indian bay (Bot.), a lauraceous tree (Persea Indica). -- Indian bean (Bot.), a name of the catalpa. -- Indian berry. (Bot.) Same as Cocculus indicus. -- Indian bread. (Bot.) Same as Cassava. -- Indian club, a wooden club, which is swung by the hand for gymnastic exercise. -- Indian cordage, cordage made of the fibers of cocoanut husk. -- Indian corn (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zea (Z. Mays); the maize, a native of America. See Corn, and Maize. -- Indian cress (Bot.), nasturtium. See Nasturtium, 2. -- Indian cucumber (Bot.), a plant of the genus Medeola (M. Virginica), a common in woods in the United States. The white rootstock has a taste like cucumbers. -- Indian currant (Bot.), a plant of the genus Symphoricarpus (S. vulgaris), bearing small red berries. -- Indian dye, the puccoon. -- Indian fig. (Bot.) (a) The banyan. See Banyan. (b) The prickly pear. -- Indian file, single file; arrangement of persons in a row following one after another, the usual way among Indians of traversing woods, especially when on the war path. -- Indian fire, a pyrotechnic composition of sulphur, niter, and realgar, burning with a brilliant white light. -- Indian grass (Bot.), a coarse, high grass (Chrysopogon nutans), common in the southern portions of the United States; wood grass. Gray. -- Indian hemp. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Apocynum (A. cannabinum), having a milky juice, and a tough, fibrous bark, whence the name. The root it used in medicine and is both emetic and cathartic in properties. (b) The variety of common hemp (Cannabis Indica), from which hasheesh is obtained. -- Indian mallow (Bot.), the velvet leaf (Abutilon Avicenn\'91). See Abutilon. -- Indian meal, ground corn or maize. [U.S.] -- Indian millet (Bot.), a tall annual grass (Sorghum vulgare), having many varieties, among which are broom corn, Guinea corn, durra, and the Chinese sugar cane. It is called also Guinea corn. See Durra. -- Indian ox (Zo\'94l.), the zebu. -- Indian paint. See Bloodroot. -- Indian paper. See India paper, under India. -- Indian physic (Bot.), a plant of two species of the genus Gillenia (G. trifoliata, and G. stipulacea), common in the United States, the roots of which are used in medicine as a mild emetic; -- called also American ipecac, and bowman's root. Gray. -- Indian pink. (Bot.) (a) The Cypress vine (Ipom\'d2a Quamoclit); -- so called in the West Indies. (b) See China pink, under China. -- Indian pipe (Bot.), a low, fleshy herb (Monotropa uniflora), growing in clusters in dark woods, and having scalelike leaves, and a solitary nodding flower. The whole plant is waxy white, but turns black in drying. -- Indian plantain (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus Cacalia, tall herbs with composite white flowers, common through the United States in rich woods. Gray. -- Indian poke (Bot.), a plant usually known as the white hellebore (Veratrum viride). -- Indian pudding, a pudding of which the chief ingredients are Indian meal, milk, and molasses. -- Indian purple. (a) A dull purple color. (b) The pigment of the same name, intensely blue and black. -- Indian red. (a) A purplish red earth or pigment composed of a silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. It comes from the Persian Gulf. Called also Persian red. (b) See Almagra. -- Indian rice (Bot.), a reedlike water grass. See Rice. -- Indian shot (Bot.), a plant of the genus Canna (C. Indica). The hard black seeds are as large as swan shot. See Canna. -- Indian summer, in the United States, a period of warm and pleasant weather occurring late in autumn. See under Summer. -- Indian tobacco (Bot.), a species of Lobelia. See Lobelia. -- Indian turnip (Bot.), an American plant of the genus Aris\'91ma. A. triphyllum has a wrinkled farinaceous root resembling a small turnip, but with a very acrid juice. See Jack in the Pulpit, and Wake-robin. -- Indian wheat, maize or Indian corn. -- Indian yellow. (a) An intense rich yellow color, deeper than gamboge but less pure than cadmium. (b) See Euxanthin. Indian In"di*an (?; 277), n. 1. A native or inhabitant of India. 2. One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called originally from the supposed identity of America with India. Indianeer In`di*an*eer" (?), n. (Naut.) An Indiaman. India rubber In"di*a rub"ber (?). See Caoutchouc. Indical In"dic*al (?), a. [From L. index, indicis, an index.] Indexical. [R.] Fuller. Indican In"di*can (?), n. [See Indigo.] 1. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained from woad (indigo plant) and other plants, as a yellow or light brown sirup. It has a nauseous bitter taste, a decomposes or drying. By the action of acids, ferments, etc., it breaks down into sugar and indigo. It is the source of natural indigo. 2. (Physiol. Chem.) An indigo-forming substance, found in urine, and other animal fluids, and convertible into red and blue indigo (urrhodin and uroglaucin). Chemically, it is indoxyl sulphate of potash, C8H6NSO4K, and is derived from the indol formed in the alimentary canal. Called also uroxanthin. Indicant In"di*cant (?), a. [L. indicans, p. pr. indicare. See Indicate.] Serving to point out, as a remedy; indicating. Indicant In"di*cant, n. That which indicates or points out; as, an indicant of the remedy for a disease. Indicate In"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indicating (?).] [L. indicatus, p. p. of indicare to indicate; pref. in- in + dicare to proclaim; akin to dicere to say. See Diction, and cf. Indict, Indite.] 1. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known. That turns and turns to indicate From what point blows the weather. Cowper. 2. (Med.) To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies; as, great prostration of strength indicates the use of stimulants. 3. (Mach.) To investigate the condition or power of, as of steam engine, by means of an indicator. Syn. -- To show; mark; signify; denote; discover; evidence; evince; manifest; declare; specify; explain; exhibit; present; reveal; disclose; display. Indicated In"di*ca`ted (?), a. Shown; denoted; registered; measured. Indicated power. See Indicated horse power, under Horse power. Indication In`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L. indicatio: cf. F. indication.] 1. Act of pointing out or indicating. 2. That which serves to indicate or point out; mark; token; sign; symptom; evidence. The frequent stops they make in the most convenient places are plain indications of their weariness. Addison. 3. Discovery made; information. Bentley. 4. Explanation; display. [Obs.] Bacon. 5. (Med.) Any symptom or occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suitable remedies. Syn. -- Proof; demonstration; sign; token; mark; evidence; signal. Indicative In*dic"a*tive (?), a. [L. indicativus: cf. F. indicatif.] 1. Pointing out; bringing to notice; giving intimation or knowledge of something not visible or obvious. That truth id productive of utility, and utility indicative of truth, may be thus proved. Bp. Warburton. 2. (Fine Arts) Suggestive; representing the whole by a part, as a fleet by a ship, a forest by a tree, etc. Indicative mood (Gram.), that mood or form of the verb which indicates, that is, which simply affirms or denies or inquires; as, he writes; he is not writing; has the mail arrived? Indicative In*dic"a*tive, n. (Gram.) The indicative mood. Indicatively In*dic"a*tive*ly, adv. In an indicative manner; in a way to show or signify. Indicator In"di*ca`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. indicateur.] 1. One who, or that which, shows or points out; as, a fare indicator in a street car. 2. (Mach.) A pressure gauge; a water gauge, as for a steam boiler; an apparatus or instrument for showing the working of a machine or moving part; as: (a) (Steam Engine) An instrument which draws a diagram showing the varying pressure in the cylinder of an engine or pump at every point of the stroke. It consists of a small cylinder communicating with the engine cylinder and fitted with a piston which the varying pressure drives upward more or less against the resistance of a spring. A lever imparts motion to a pencil which traces the diagram on a card wrapped around a vertical drum which is turned back and forth by a string connected with the piston rod of the engine. See Indicator card (below). (b) A telltale connected with a hoisting machine, to show, at the surface, the position of the cage in the shaft of a mine, etc. _________________________________________________________________ Page 752 3. (Mech.) The part of an instrument by which an effect is indicated, as an index or pointer. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Indicator and allied genera. See Honey guide, under Honey. 5. (Chem.) That which indicates the condition of acidity, alkalinity, or the deficiency, excess, or sufficiency of a standard reagent, by causing an appearance, disappearance, or change of color, as in titration or volumetric analysis. NOTE: &hand; The common indicators are limits, trop\'91olin, phenol phthalein, potassic permanganate, etc. Indicator card, the figure drawn by an engine indicator, by means of which the working of the engine can be investigated and its power calculated. The Illustration shows one form of indicator card, from a steam engine, together with scales by which the pressure of the steam above or below that of the atmosphere, corresponding to any position of the engine piston in its stroke, can be measured. Called also indicator diagram. -- Indicator telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are the deflections of a magnetic needle, as in the trans-Atlantic system. Indicatory In"di*ca*to*ry (?; 277), a. Serving to show or make known; showing; indicative; signifying; implying. Indicatrix In`di*ca"trix (?), n. [NL.] (Geom. of Three Dimensions) A certain conic section supposed to be drawn in the tangent plane to any surface, and used to determine the accidents of curvature of the surface at the point of contact. The curve is similar to the intersection of the surface with a parallel to the tangent plane and indefinitely near it. It is an ellipse when the curvature is synclastic, and an hyperbola when the curvature is anticlastic. Indicavit In`di*ca"vit (?), n. [L., he has indicated.] (Eng. Law) A writ of prohibition against proceeding in the spiritual court in certain cases, when the suit belongs to the common-law courts. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Indice In"dice (?), n. [F. indice indication, index. See Index.] Index; indication. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Indices In"di*ces (?), n. pl. See Index. Indicia In*di"ci*a (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of indicium, fr. index an index.] (Law) Discriminating marks; signs; tokens; indications; appearances. Burrill. Indicible In*dic"i*ble (?), a. [F.] Unspeakable. [Obs.] Indicolite In*dic"o*lite (?), n. [L. indicum indigo + -lite: cf. F. indicolithe.] (Min.) A variety of tourmaline of an indigo-blue color. Indict In*dict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indicting.] [OE. enditen. See Indite.] 1. To write; to compose; to dictate; to indite. [Obs.] 2. To appoint publicly or by authority; to proclaim or announce. [Obs.] I am told shall have no Lent indicted this year. Evelyn. 3. (Law) To charge with a crime, in due form of law, by the finding or presentment of a grand jury; to find an indictment against; as, to indict a man for arson. It is the peculiar province of a grand jury to indict, as it is of a house of representatives to impeach. Indictable In*dict"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, indicted; subject to indictment; as, an indictable offender or offense. Indictee In`dict*ee" (?), n. (Law) A person indicted. Indicter In*dict"er (?), n. One who indicts. Indiction In*dic"tion (?), n. [L. indictio: cf. F. indiction. See Indict, Indite.] 1. Declaration; proclamation; public notice or appointment. [Obs.] "Indiction of a war." Bacon. Secular princes did use to indict, or permit the indiction of, synods of bishops. Jer. Taylor. 2. A cycle of fifteen years. NOTE: &hand; Th is mo de of re ckoning ti me is said to have been introduced by Constantine the Great, in connection with the payment of tribute. It was adopted at various times by the Greek emperors of Constantinople, the popes, and the parliaments of France. Through the influence of the popes, it was extensively used in the ecclesiastical chronology of the Middle Ages. The number of indictions was reckoned at first from 312 a. d., but since the twelfth century it has been reckoned from the birth of Christ. The papal indiction is the only one ever used at the present day. To find the indiction and year of the indiction by the first method, subtract 312 from the given year a. d., and divide by 15; by the second method, add 3 to the given year a. d., and the divide by 15. In either case, the quotient is the number of the current indiction, and the remainder the year of the indiction. See Cycle of indiction, under Cycle. Indictive In*dic"tive (?), a. [L. indictivus. See Indict.] Proclaimed; declared; public. Kennet. Indictment In*dict"ment (?), n. [Cf. Inditement.] 1. The act of indicting, or the state of being indicted. 2. (Law) The formal statement of an offense, as framed by the prosecuting authority of the State, and found by the grand jury. NOTE: &hand; To th e va lidity of an indictment a finding by the grand jury is essential, while an information rests only on presentation by the prosecuting authority. 3. An accusation in general; a formal accusation. Bill of indictment. See under Bill. Indictor In*dict"or (?), n. (Law) One who indicts. Bacon. Indies In"dies (?), n. pl. A name designating the East Indies, also the West Indies. Our king has all the Indies in his arms. Shak. Indifference In*dif"fer*ence (?), n. [L. indifferentia similarity, want of difference: cf. F. indiff\'82rence.] 1. The quality or state of being indifferent, or not making a difference; want of sufficient importance to constitute a difference; absence of weight; insignificance. 2. Passableness; mediocrity. 3. Impartiality; freedom from prejudice, prepossession, or bias. He . . . is far from such indifference and equity as ought and must be in judges which he saith I assign. Sir T. More. 4. Absence of anxiety or interest in respect to what is presented to the mind; unconcernedness; as, entire indifference to all that occurs. Indifference can not but be criminal, when it is conversant about objects which are so far from being of an indifferent nature, that they are highest importance. Addison. Syn. -- Carelessness; negligence; unconcern; apathy; insensibility; coldness; lukewarmness. Indifferency In*dif"fer*en*cy (?), n. Absence of interest in, or influence from, anything; unconcernedness; equilibrium; indifferentism; indifference. Gladstone. To give ourselves to a detestable indifferency or neutrality in this cause. Fuller. Moral liberty . . . does not, after all, consist in a power of indifferency, or in a power of choosing without regard to motives. Hazlitt. Indifferent In*dif"fer*ent (?), a. [F. indiff\'82rent, L. indifferens. See In- not, and Different.] 1. Not mal Dangers are to me indifferent. Shak. Everything in the world is indifferent but sin. Jer. Taylor. His slightest and most indifferent acts . . . were odious in the clergyman's sight. Hawthorne. 2. Neither particularly good, not very bad; of a middle state or quality; passable; mediocre. The staterooms are in indifferent order. Sir W. Scott. 3. Not inclined to one side, party, or choice more than to another; neutral; impartial. Indifferent in his choice to sleep or die. Addison. 4. Feeling no interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything; unconcerned; inattentive; apathetic; heedless; as, to be indifferent to the welfare of one's family. It was a law of Solon, that any person who, in the civil commotions of the republic, remained neuter, or an indifferent spectator of the contending parties, should be condemned to perpetual banishment. Addison. 5. (Law) Free from bias or prejudice; impartial; unbiased; disinterested. In choice of committees for ripening business for the counsel, it is better indifferent persons than to make an indifferency by putting in those that are strong on both sides. Bacon. Indifferent tissue (Anat.), the primitive, embryonic, undifferentiated tissue, before conversion into connective, muscular, nervous, or other definite tissue. Indifferent In*dif"fer*ent, adv. To a moderate degree; passably; tolerably. [Obs.] "News indifferent good." Shak. Indifferentism In*dif"fer*ent*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. indiff\'82rentisme.] 1. State of indifference; want of interest or earnestness; especially, a systematic apathy regarding what is true or false in religion or philosophy; agnosticism. The indifferentism which equalizes all religions and gives equal rights to truth and error. Cardinal Manning. 2. (Metaph.) Same as Identism. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A heresy consisting in an unconcern for any particular creed, provided the morals be right and good. Gregory XVI. Indifferentist In*dif"fer*ent*ist, n. One governed by indifferentism. Indifferently In*dif"fer*ent*ly, adv. In an indifferent manner; without distinction or preference; impartially; without concern, wish, affection, or aversion; tolerably; passably. That they may truly and indifferently minister justice, to the punishment of wickedness and vice, and to the maintenance of thy true religion, and virtue. Book of Com. Prayer [Eng. Ed. ] Set honor in one eye and death i' the other, And I will look on both indifferently. Shak. I hope it may indifferently entertain your lordship at an unbending hour. Rowe. Indifulvin In`di*ful"vin (?), n. [Indican + L. fulvus reddish yellow.] (Chem.) A reddish resinous substance, obtained from indican. Indifuscin In`di*fus"cin (?), n. [Indican + L. fuscus dusky.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous powder, obtained from indican. Indigeen In"di*geen (?), n. Same as Indigene. Darwin. Indigence In"di*gence (?), n. [L. indigentia: cf. F. indigence. See Indigent.] The condition of being indigent; want of estate, or means of comfortable subsistence; penury; poverty; as, helpless, indigence. Cowper. Syn. -- Poverty; penury; destitution; want; need; privation; lack. See Poverty. Indigency In"di*gen*cy (?), n. Indigence. New indigencies founded upon new desires. South. Indigene In"di*gene (?), n. [L. indigena: cf. F. indig\'8ane. See Indigenous.] One born in a country; an aboriginal animal or plant; an autochthon. Evelyn. Tylor. Indigenous In*dig"e*nous (?), a. [L. indigenus, indigena, fr. OL. indu (fr. in in) + the root of L. gignere to beget, bear. See In, and Gender.] 1. Native; produced, growing, or living, naturally in a country or climate; not exotic; not imported. Negroes were all transported from Africa and are not indigenous or proper natives of America. Sir T. Browne. In America, cotton, being indigenous, is cheap. Lion Playas. 2. Native; inherent; innate. Joy and hope are emotions indigenous to the human mind. I. Taylor. Indigent In"di*gent (?), a. [L. indigent, L. indigens, p. p. of indigere to stand in need of, fr. OL. indu (fr. in- in) + L. egere to be needy, to need.] 1. Wanting; void; free; destitute; -- used with of. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. Destitute of property or means of comfortable subsistence; needy; poor; in want; necessitous. Indigent faint souls past corporal toil. Shak. Charity consists in relieving the indigent. Addison. Indigently In"di*gent*ly, adv. In an indigent manner. Indigest In`di*gest" (?), a. [L. indigestus unarranged. See Indigested.] Crude; unformed; unorganized; undigested. [Obs.] "A chaos rude and indigest." W. Browne. "Monsters and things indigest." Shak. Indigest In`di*gest", n. Something indigested. [Obs.] Shak. Indigested In`di*gest"ed, a. [Pref. in- not + digested.] 1. Not digested; undigested. "Indigested food." Dryden. 2. Not resolved; not regularly disposed and arranged; not methodical; crude; as, an indigested array of facts. In hot reformations . . . the whole is generally crude, harsh, and indigested. Burke. This, like an indigested meteor, appeared and disappeared almost at the same time. South. 3. (Med.) (a) Not in a state suitable for healing; -- said of wounds. (b) Not ripened or suppurated; -- said of an abscess or its contents. 4. Not softened by heat, hot water, or steam. Indigestedness In`di*gest"ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being undigested; crudeness. Bp. Burnet. Indigestibility In*di*gest`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being indigestible; indigestibleness. Indigestible In`di*gest"i*ble (?), a. [L. indigestibilis: cf. F. indigestible. See In- not, and Digest.] 1. Not digestible; not readily soluble in the digestive juices; not easily convertible into products fitted for absorption. 2. Not digestible in the mind; distressful; intolerable; as, an indigestible simile. T. Warton. -- In`di*gest"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`di*gest"i*bly, adv. Indigestion In`di*ges"tion (?; 106), n. [L. indigestio: cf. F. indigestion. See In- not, and Digest.] Lack of proper digestive action; a failure of the normal changes which food should undergo in the alimentary canal; dyspepsia; incomplete or difficult digestion. Indigitate In*dig"i*tate (?), v. i. [Pref. in- in + L. digitus finger.] To communicative ideas by the fingers; to show or compute by the fingers. [Obs.] Indigitate In*dig"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indigitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indigitating (?).] To point out with the finger; to indicate. [Obs.] The depressing this finger, . . . in the right hand indigitate six hundred. Sir T. Browne. Indigitation In*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of pointing out as with the finger; indication. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Indiglucin In`di*glu"cin (?), n. [Indican + glucin.] (Chem.) The variety of sugar (glucose) obtained from the glucoside indican. It is unfermentable, but reduces Fehling's solution. Indign In*dign" (?), a. [L. indignus; pref. in- not + dignus worthy: cf. F. indigne. See Dignity.] Unworthy; undeserving; disgraceful; degrading. Chaucer. Counts it scorn to draw Comfort indign from any meaner thing. Trench. Indignance, Indignancy In*dig"nance (?), In*dig"nan*cy (?), n. Indignation. [Obs.] Spenser. Indignant In*dig"nant (?), a. [L. indignans, -antis, p. pr. of indignari to be indignant, disdain. See Indign.] Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation. He strides indignant, and with haughty cries To single fight the fairy prince defies. Tickell. Indignantly In*dig"nant*ly, adv. In an indignant manner. Indignation In`dig*na"tion (?), n. [F. indignation, L. indignatio. See Indign.] 1. The feeling excited by that which is unworthy, base, or disgraceful; anger mingled with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence. Shak. Indignation expresses a strong and elevated disapprobation of mind, which is also inspired by something flagitious in the conduct of another. Cogan. When Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai. Esther v. 9. 2. The effect of anger; punishment. Shak. Hide thyself . . . until the indignation be overpast. Is. xxvi. 20. Syn. -- Anger; ire wrath; fury; rage. See Anger. Indignify In*dig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [L. indignus unworthy + -fy.] To treat disdainfully or with indignity; to contemn. [Obs.] Spenser. Indignity In*dig"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Indignities (#). [L. indignitas: cf. F. indignit\'82. See Indign.] Any action toward another which manifests contempt for him; an offense against personal dignity; unmerited contemptuous treatment; contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult. How might a prince of my great hopes forget So great indignities you laid upon me? Shak. A person of so great place and worth constrained to endure so foul indignities. Hooker. Indignly In*dign"ly (?), adv. Unworthily. [Obs.] Indigo In"di*go (?), n.; pl. Indigoes (#). [F. indigo, Sp. indigo, indico, L. indicum indigo, fr. Indicus Indian. See Indian.] 1. A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colors. _________________________________________________________________ Page 753 2. (Chem.) A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very different genera and orders; as, the woad, Isatis tinctoria, Indigofera tinctoria, I. Anil, Nereum tinctorium, etc. It is a dark blue earthy substance, tasteless and odorless, with a copper-violet luster when rubbed. Indigo does not exist in the plants as such, but is obtained by decomposition of the glycoside indican. NOTE: &hand; Co mmercial in digo co ntains th e es sential coloring principle indigo blue or indigotine, with several other dyes; as, indigo red, indigo brown, etc., and various impurities. Indigo is insoluble in ordinary reagents, with the exception of strong sulphuric acid. Chinese indigo (Bot.), Isatis indigotica, a kind of woad. -- Wild indigo (Bot.), the American herb Baptisia tinctoria which yields a poor quality of indigo, as do several other species of the same genus. Indigo In"di*go (?), a. Having the color of, pertaining to, or derived from, indigo. Indigo berry (Bot.), the fruit of the West Indian shrub Randia aculeata, used as a blue dye. -- Indigo bird (Zo\'94l.), a small North American finch (Cyanospiza cyanea). The male is indigo blue in color. Called also indigo bunting. -- Indigo blue. (a) The essential coloring material of commercial indigo, from which it is obtained as a dark blue earthy powder, with a reddish luster, C16H10N2O2, which may be crystallized by sublimation. Indigo blue is also made from artificial amido cinnamic acid, and from artificial isatine; and these methods are of great commercial importance. Called also indigotin. (b) A dark, dull blue color like the indigo of commerce. -- Indigo brown (Chem.), a brown resinous substance found in crude indigo. -- Indigo copper (Min.), covellite. -- Indigo green, a green obtained from indigo. -- Indigo plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant of several species (genus Indigofera), from which indigo is prepared. The different varieties are natives of Asia, Africa, and America. Several species are cultivated, of which the most important are the I. tinctoria, or common indigo plant, the I. Anil, a larger species, and the I. disperma. -- Indigo purple, a purple obtained from indigo. -- Indigo red, a dyestuff, isomeric with indigo blue, obtained from crude indigo as a dark brown amorphous powder. -- Indigo snake (Zo\'94l.), the gopher snake. -- Indigo white, a white crystalline powder obtained by reduction from indigo blue, and by oxidation easily changed back to it; -- called also indigogen. -- Indigo yellow, a substance obtained from indigo. Indigofera In`di*gof"e*ra (?), n. [NL., from E. indigo + L. ferre to bear.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants having many species, mostly in tropical countries, several of them yielding indigo, esp. Indigofera tinctoria, and I. Anil. Indigogen In"di*go*gen (?), n. [Indigo + -gen.] 1. (Chem.) See Indigo white, under Indigo. 2. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Indican, 2. Indigometer In`di*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Indigo + -meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the strength of an indigo solution, as in volumetric analysis. Ure. Indigometry In`di*gom"e*try (?), n. The art or method of determining the coloring power of indigo. Indigotic In`di*got"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. indigotique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, indigo; as, indigotic acid, which is also called anilic or nitrosalicylic acid. Indigotin In"di*go*tin (?), n. (Chem.) See Indigo blue, under Indigo. Indigrubin In`dig*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Urrhodin. Indihumin In`di*hu"min (?), n. [Indican + humin.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous substance resembling humin, and obtained from indican. Indilatory In*dil"a*to*ry (?), a. Not dilatory. [Obs.] Indiligence In*dil"i*gence (?), n. [L. indiligentia: cf. F. indiligence.] Want of diligence. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Indiligent In*dil"i*gent (?), a. [L. indiligens: cf. F. indiligent. See Diligent.] Not diligent; idle; slothful. [Obs.] Feltham. -- In*dil"i*gent*ly, adv. [Obs.] Indiminishable In`di*min"ish*a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being diminished. [R.] Milton. Indin In"din (?), n. [From Indigo.] (Chem.) A dark red crystalline substance, isomeric with and resembling indigo blue, and obtained from isatide and dioxindol. Indirect In`di*rect" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + direct: cf. F. indirect.] 1. Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous; as, an indirect road. 2. Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest course, or by obvious means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote means; as, an indirect accusation, attack, answer, or proposal. By what bypaths and indirect, crooked ways I met this crown. Shak. 3. Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending to mislead or deceive. Indirect dealing will be discovered one time or other. Tillotson. 4. Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or less remotely connected with or growing out of it; as, indirect results, damages, or claims. 5. (Logic & Math.) Not reaching the end aimed at by the most plain and direct method; as, an indirect proof, demonstration, etc. Indirect claims, claims for remote or consequential damage. Such claims were presented to and thrown out by the commissioners who arbitrated the damage inflicted on the United States by the Confederate States cruisers built and supplied by Great Britain. -- Indirect demonstration, a mode of demonstration in which proof is given by showing that any other supposition involves an absurdity (reductio ad absurdum), or an impossibility; thus, one quantity may be proved equal to another by showing that it can be neither greater nor less. -- Indirect discourse. (Gram.) See Direct discourse, under Direct. -- Indirect evidence, evidence or testimony which is circumstantial or inferential, but without witness; -- opposed to direct evidence. -- Indirect tax, a tax, such as customs, excises, <-- VAT,-->etc., exacted directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by the consumer in the higher price demanded for the articles of merchandise. Indirected In`di*rect"ed, a. Not directed; aimless. [Obs.] Indirection In`di*rec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indirection.] Oblique course or means; dishonest practices; indirectness. "By indirections find directions out." Shak. Indirectly In`di*rect"ly (?), adv. In an direct manner; not in a straight line or course; not in express terms; obliquely; not by direct means; hence, unfairly; wrongly. To tax it indirectly by taxing their expense. A. Smith. Your crown and kingdom indirectly held. Shak. Indirectness In`di*rect"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being indirect; obliquity; deviousness; crookedness. 2. Deviation from an upright or straightforward course; unfairness; dishonesty. W. Montagu. Indiretin In`di*re"tin (?), n. [Indian + Gr. (Chem.) A dark brown resinous substance obtained from indican. Indirubin In`di*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Chem.) A substance isomeric with, and resembling, indigo blue, and accompanying it as a side product, in its artificial production. Indiscernible In`dis*cern"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + discernible: cf. F. indiscernable.] Not to be discerned; imperceptible; not discoverable or visible. Secret and indiscernible ways. Jer. Taylor. -- In`dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`dis*cern"i*bly, adv. Indiscerpibility, Indiscerptibility In`dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty (?), In`dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being indiscerpible. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Indiscerpible, Indiscerptible In`dis*cerp"i*ble (?), In`dis*cerp"ti*ble (?), a. Not discerpible; inseparable. [Obs.] Bp. Butler. -- In`dis*cerp"i*ble*ness, n., In`dis*cerp"ti*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] -- In`dis*cerp"ti*bly, adv. [Obs.] Indisciplinable In*dis"ci*plin*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + disciplinable: cf. F. indisciplinable.] Not disciplinable; undisciplinable. [R.] Indiscipline In*dis"ci*pline (?), n. [L. indisplina: cf. F. indiscipline. See In- not, and Discipline.] Want of discipline or instruction. [R.] Indiscoverable In`dis*cov"er*a*ble (?), a. Not discoverable; undiscoverable. J. Conybeare. Indiscovery In`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. Want of discovery. [Obs.] Indiscreet In`dis*creet" (?), a. [OE. indiscret, F. indiscret, fr. L. indiscretus unseparated, indiscreet. See In- not, and Discreet, and cf. Indiscrete.] Not discreet; wanting in discretion. So drunken, and so indiscreet an officer. Shak. Syn. -- Imprudent; injudicious; inconsiderate; rash; hasty; incautious; heedless; undiscerning; foolish. -- In`dis*creet"ly, adv. -- In`dis*creet"ness, n. Indiscrete In`dis*crete" (?), a. [L. indiscretus unseparated. See Indiscreet.] 1. Indiscreet. [Obs.] Boyle. 2. Not discrete or separated; compact; homogenous. An indiscrete mass of confused matter. Pownall. Indiscretion In`dis*cre"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + discretion: cf. F. indiscr\'82tion.] 1. The quality or state of being indiscreet; want of discretion; imprudence. 2. An indiscreet act; indiscreet behavior. Past indiscretion is a venial crime. Cowper. Indiscriminate In`dis*crim"i*nate (?), a. Not discriminate; wanting discrimination; undistinguishing; not making any distinction; confused; promiscuous. "Blind or indiscriminate forgiveness." I. Taylor. The indiscriminate defense of right and wrong. Junius. -- In`dis*crim"i*nate*ly, adv. Cowper. Indiscriminating In`dis*crim"i*na`ting (?), a. Not discriminating. -- In`dis*crim"i*na`ting*ly, adv. Indiscrimination In`dis*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. Want of discrimination or distinction; impartiality. Jefferson. Indiscriminative In`dis*crim"i*na*tive (?), a. Making no distinction; not discriminating. Indiscussed In`dis*cussed" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + discuss: cf. L. indiscussus.] Not discussed. [Obs.] Donne. Indispensability In`dis*pen`sa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indispensabilit\'82.] Indispensableness. Indispensable In`dis*pen"sa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dispensable: cf. F. indispensable.] 1. Not dispensable; impossible to be omitted, remitted, or spared; absolutely necessary or requisite. 2. (Eccl.) Not admitting dispensation; not subject to release or exemption. [R.] The law was moral and indispensable. Bp. Burnet. 3. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] Fuller. Indispensableness In`dis*pen"sa*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being indispensable, or absolutely necessary. S. Clarke. Indispensably In`dis*pen"sa*bly, adv. In an indispensable manner. "Indispensably necessary." Bp. Warburton. Indispersed In`dis*persed" (?), a. Not dispersed. [R.] Indispose In`dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indisposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indisposing.] [OE. indispos indisposed, feeble, or F. indispos\'82 indisposed. See In- not, and Dispose.] 1. To render unfit or unsuited; to disqualify. 2. To disorder slightly as regards health; to make somewhat. Shak. It made him rather indisposed than sick. Walton. 3. To disincline; to render averse or unfavorable; as, a love of pleasure indisposes the mind to severe study; the pride and selfishness of men indispose them to religious duties. The king was sufficiently indisposed towards the persons, or the principles, of Calvin's disciples. Clarendon. Indisposedness In`dis*pos"ed*ness (?), n. The condition or quality of being indisposed. [R.] Bp. Hall. Indisposition In*dis`po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indisposition.] 1. The state of being indisposed; disinclination; as, the indisposition of two substances to combine. A general indisposition towards believing. Atterbury. 2. A slight disorder or illness. Rather as an indisposition in health than as any set sickness. Hayward. Indisputability In*dis`pu*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indisputabilit\'82.] Indisputableness. Indisputable In*dis"pu*ta*ble (?; 277), a. [Pref. in- not + disputable: cf. F. indisputable.] Not disputable; incontrovertible; too evident to admit of dispute. Syn. -- Incontestable; unquestionable; incontrovertible; undeniable; irrefragable; certain; positive; undoubted; sure; infallible. -- In*dis"pu*ta*ble*ness, n. -- In*dis"pu*ta*bly, adv. Indisputed In`dis*put"ed (?), a. Undisputed. Indissipable In*dis"si*pa*ble (?), a. Incapable o Indisdolubility In*dis`do*lu*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indissolubilit\'82.] The quality or state of being indissoluble. Indissoluble In*dis"so*lu*ble (?), a. [L. indissolubilis: cf. F. indissoluble. See In- not, and Dissoluble, and cf. Indissolvable.] 1. Not dissoluble; not capable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied; insoluble; as few substances are indissoluble by heat, but many are indissoluble in water. Boyle. 2. Incapable of being rightfully broken or dissolved; perpetually binding or obligatory; firm; stable, as, an indissoluble league or covenant. To the which my duties Are with a most indissoluble tie Forever knit. Shak. Indissolubleness In*dis"so*lu*ble*ness, n. Indissolubility. Sir M. Hale. Indissolubly In*dis"so*lu*bly, adv. In an indissoluble manner. On they move, indissolubly firm. Milton. Indissolvable In`dis*solv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dissolvable. Cf. Indissoluble.] Not dissolvable; incapable of being dissolved or separated; incapable oas, an indissolvable bond of union. Bp. Warburton. Indissolvableness In`dis*solv"a*ble*ness, n. Indissolubleness. Indistancy In*dis"tan*cy (?), n. Want of distance o [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. Indistinct In`dis*tinct" (?), a. [L. indistinctus: cf. F. indistinct. See In- not, and Distinct.] 1. Not distinct or distinguishable; not separate in such a manner as to be perceptible by itself; as, the indistinct parts of a substance. "Indistinct as water is in water." Shak. 2. Obscure to the mind or senses; not clear; not definite; confused; imperfect; faint; as, indistinct vision; an indistinct sound; an indistinct idea or recollection. When we come to parts too small four our senses, our ideas of these little bodies become obscure and indistinct. I. Watts. Their views, indeed, are indistinct and dim. Cowper. Syn. -- Undefined; indistinguishable; obscure; indefinite; vague; ambiguous; uncertain; confused. Indistinctible In`dis*tinc"ti*ble (?), a. Indistinguishable. [Obs.] T. Warton. Indistinction In`dis*tinc"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indistinction.] Want of distinction or distinguishableness; confusion; uncertainty; indiscrimination. The indistinction of many of the same name . . . hath made some doubt. Sir T. Browne. An indistinction of all persons, or equality of all orders, is far from being agreeable to the will of God. Sprat. Indistinctive In`dis*tinc"tive (?), a. Having nothing distinctive; common. -- In`dis*tinc"tive*ness, n. Indistinctly In`dis*tinct"ly (?), adv. In an indistinct manner; not clearly; confusedly; dimly; as, certain ideas are indistinctly comprehended. In its sides it was bounded distinctly, but on its ends confusedly an indistinctly. Sir I. Newton. Indistinctness In`dis*tinct"ness, n. The quality or condition of being indistinct; want of definiteness; dimness; confusion; as, the indistinctness of a picture, or of comprehension; indistinctness of vision. Indistinguishable In`dis*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct; hence, not capable of being perceived or known; as, in the distance the flagship was indisguishable; the two copies were indisguishable in form or color; the difference between them was indisguishable. Indistinguishably In`dis*tin"guish*a*bly, adv. In a indistinguishable manner. Sir W. Scott. Indistinguished In`dis*tin"guished (?), a. Indistinct. [R.] "That indistinguished mass." Sir T. Browne. Indistinguishing In`dis*tin"guish*ing (?), a. Making no difference; indiscriminative; impartial; as, indistinguishing liberalities. [Obs.] Johnson. Indisturbance In`dis*turb"ance (?), n. Freedom from disturbance; calmness; repose; apathy; indifference. Inditch In*ditch" (?), v. t. To bury in, or cast into, a ditch. Bp. Hall. Indite In*dite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inditing.] [OE. enditen to indite, indict, OF. enditer to indicate, show, dictate, write, inform, and endicter to accuse; both fr. LL. indictare to show, to accuse, fr. L. indicere to proclaim, announce; pref. in- in + dicere to say. The word was influenced also by L. indicare to indicate, and by dictare to dictate. See Diction, and cf. Indict, Indicate, Dictate.] 1. To compose; to write; to be author of; to dictate; to prompt. My heart is inditing a good matter. Ps. xlv. 1. Could a common grief have indited such expressions? South. Hear how learned Greece her useful rules indites. Pope. 2. To invite or ask. [Obs.] She will indite him so supper. Shak. 3. To indict; to accuse; to censure. [Obs.] Spenser. Indite In*dite", v. i. To compose; to write, as a poem. Wounded I sing, tormented I indite. Herbert. Inditement In*dite"ment (?), n. [Cf. Indictment.] The act of inditing. Craig. Inditer In*dit"er (?), n. One who indites. Smart. Indium In"di*um (?), n. [NL. See Indigo.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, discovered in certain ores of zinc, by means of its characteristic spectrum of two indigo blue lines; hence, its name. In appearance it resembles zinc, being white or lead gray, soft, malleable and easily fusible, but in its chemical relation it resembles aluminium or gallium. Symbol In. Atomic weight, 113.4. _________________________________________________________________ Page 754 Indivertible In`di*vert"i*ble (?), a. Not to be diverted or turned aside. [R.] Lamb. Individable In`di*vid"a*ble (?), a. Indivisible. [R.] Shak. Individed In`di*vid"ed, a. Undivided. [R.] Bp. Patrick. Individual In`di*vid"u*al (?; 135), a. [L. individuus indivisible; pref. in- not + dividuus divisible, fr. dividere to divide: cf. F. individuel. See Divide.] 1. Not divided, or not to be divided; existing as one entity, or distinct being or object; single; one; as, an individual man, animal, or city. Mind has a being of its own, distinct from that of all other things, and is pure, unmingled, individual substance. A. Tucker. United as one individual soul. Milton. 2. Of or pertaining to one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, a single person or thing; distinctive; as, individual traits of character; individual exertions; individual peculiarities. Individual In`di*vid"u*al, n. 1. A single person, animal, or thing of any kind; a thing or being incapable of separation or division, without losing its identity; especially, a human being; a person. Cowper. An object which is in the strict and primary sense one, and can not be logically divided, is called an individual. Whately. That individuals die, his will ordains. Dryden. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An independent, or partially independent, zooid of a compound animal. (b) The product of a single egg, whether it remains a single animal or becomes compound by budding or fission. Individualism In`di*vid"u*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. individualisme.] 1. The quality of being individual; individuality; personality. 2. An excessive or exclusive regard to one's personal interest; self-interest; selfishness. The selfishness of the small proprietor has been described by the best writers as individualism. Ed. Rev. Individualistic In`di*vid`u*al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the individual or individualism. London Athen\'91um. Individuality In`di*vid`u*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Individualities (#). [Cf. F. individualit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being individual or constituting an individual; separate or distinct existence; oneness; unity. Arbuthnot. They possess separate individualities. H. Spencer. 2. The character or property appropriate or peculiar to an individual; that quality which distinguishes one person or thing from another; the sum of characteristic traits; distinctive character; as, he is a person of marked individuality. Individualization In`di*vid`u*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. individualization.] The act of individualizing; the state of being individualized; individuation. Individualize In`di*vid"u*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individualized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Individualizing (?).] [Cf. F. individualiser.] The mark as an individual, or to distinguish from others by peculiar properties; to invest with individuality. The peculiarities which individualize and distinguish the humor of Addison. N. Drake. Individualizer In`di*vid"u*al*i`zer (?), n. One who individualizes. Individually In`di*vid"u*al*ly, adv. 1. In an individual manner or relation; as individuals; separately; each by itself. "Individually or collectively." Burke. How should that subsist solitarily by itself which hath no substance, but individually the very same whereby others subsist with it? Hooker. 2. In an inseparable manner; inseparably; incommunicably; indivisibly; as, individuallyhe same. [Omniscience], an attribute individually proper to the Godhead. Hakewill. Individuate In`di*vid"u*ate (?), a. [See Individual.] Undivided. [Obs.] Individuate In`di*vid"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individuated (p. pr. & vb. n. Individuating.] To distinguish from others from others of the species; to endow with individuality; to divide into individuals; to discriminate. The soul, as the prime individuating principle, and the said reserved portion of matter as an essential and radical part of the individuation, shall . . . make up and restore the same individual person. South. Life is individuated into infinite numbers, that have their distinct sense and pleasure. Dr. H. More. Individuation In`di*vid`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. individuation.] The act of individuating or state of being individuated; individualization. H. Spencer. Individuator In`di*vid"u*a`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, individuates. Sir K. Digby. Individuity In`di*vi*du"i*ty (?), n. [L. individuitas.] Separate existence; individuality; oneness. Fuller. Indivinity In`di*vin"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + divinity: cf. F. indivinit\'82.] Want or absence of divine power or of divinity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Indivisibility In`di*vis`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indivisibilit\'82.] The state or property of being indivisible or inseparable; inseparability. Locke. Indivisible In`di*vis"i*ble (?), a. [L. indivisibilis: cf. F. indivisible. See In- not, and Divisible.] 1. Not divisible; incapable of being divided, separated, or broken; not separable into parts. "One indivisible point of time." Dryden. 2. (Math.) Not capable of exact division, as one quantity by another; incommensurable. Indivisible In`di*vis"i*ble, n. 1. That which is indivisible. By atom, nobody will imagine we intend to express a perfect indivisible, but only the least sort of natural bodies. Digby. 2. (Geom.) An infinitely small quantity which is assumed to admit of no further division. Method of indivisibles, a kind of calculus, formerly in use, in which lines were considered as made up of an infinite number of points; surfaces, as made up of an infinite number of lines; and volumes, as made up of an infinite number of surfaces. Indivisibleness In`di*vis"i*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being indivisible; indivisibility. W. Montagu. Indivisibly In`di*vis"i*bly, adv. In an indivisible manner. Indivision In`di*vi"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + division: cf. F. indivision, LL. indivisio.] A state of being not divided; oneness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Indo- In"do- (?). [From L. Indus East Indian.] A prefix signifying Indian (i. e., East Indian); of or pertaining of India. Indoaniline In`do*an"i*line (?), n. [Indigo + aniline.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of artificial blue dyes, in appearance resembling indigo, for which they are often used as substitutes. IndoBriton In`do*Brit"on (?), n. [Indo- + Briton.] A person born in India, of mixed Indian and British blood; a half-caste. Malcom. Indo-Chinese In`do-Chi*nese" (?), a. [Indo- + Chinese.] Of or pertaining to Indo-China (i. e., Farther India, or India beyond the Ganges). Indocibility In*doc`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being indocible; indocibleness; indocility. Indocible In*doc"i*ble (?), a. [L. indocibilis. See In- not, and Docible.] Incapable of being taught, or not easily instructed; dull in intellect; intractable; unteachable; indocile. Bp. Hall. -- In*doc"i*ble*ness, n. Indocile In*doc"ile (?), a. [L. indocilis: cf. F. indocile. See In- not, and Docile.] Not teachable; indisposed to be taught, trained, or disciplined; not easily instructed or governed; dull; intractable. Indocility In`do*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. indocilitas: cf. F. indocilit\'82.] The quality or state of being indocile; dullness of intellect; unteachableness; intractableness. The stiffness and indocility of the Pharisees. W. Montagu. Indoctrinate In*doc"tri*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indoctrinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indoctrinating.] [Pref. in- in + L. doctrina doctrine: cf. F. endoctriner.] To instruct in the rudiments or principles of learning, or of a branch of learning; to imbue with learning; to instruct in, or imbue with, principles or doctrines; to teach; -- often followed by in. A master that . . . took much delight in indoctrinating his young, unexperienced favorite. Clarendon. Indoctrination In*doc`tri*na"tion (?), n. The act of indoctrinating, or the condition of being indoctrinated; instruction in the rudiments and principles of any science or system of belief; information. Sir T. Browne. Indo-English In`do-Eng"lish (?), a. [Indo- + English.] Of or relating to the English who are born or reside in India; Anglo-Indian. Indo-European In`do-Eu`ro*pe"an (?), a. Aryan; -- applied to the languages of India and Europe which are derived from the prehistoric Aryan language; also, pertaining to the people or nations who speak these languages; as, the Indo-European or Aryan family. The common origin of the Indo-European nations. Tylor. Indogen In"do*gen (?), n. [Indigo + -gen.] (Chem.) A complex, nitrogenous radical, C8H5NO, regarded as the essential nucleus of indigo. Indogenide In"do*gen*ide (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of the derivatives of indogen, which contain that group as a nucleus. Indo-Germanic In`do-Ger*man"ic (?), a. [Indo- + Germanic.] 1. Same as Aryan, and Indo-European. 2. Pertaining to or denoting the Teutonic family of languages as related to the Sanskrit, or derived from the ancient Aryan language. Indoin In"do*in (?), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling indigo blue, obtained artificially from certain isatogen compounds. Indol In"dol (?), n. [Indigo + -ol of phenol.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, C8H7N, obtained from blue indigo, and almost all indigo derivatives, by a process of reduction. It is also formed from albuminous matter, together with skatol, by putrefaction, and by fusion with caustic potash, and is present in human excrement, as well as in the intestinal canal of some herbivora. Indolence In"do*lence (?), n. [L. indolentia freedom from pain: cf. F. indolence.] 1. Freedom from that which pains, or harasses, as toil, care, grief, etc. [Obs.] I have ease, if it may not rather be called indolence. Bp. Hough. 2. The quality or condition of being indolent; inaction, or want of exertion of body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to toil; habitual idleness; indisposition to labor; laziness; sloth; inactivity. Life spent in indolence, and therefore sad. Cowper. As there is a great truth wrapped up in "diligence," what a lie, on the other hand, lurks at the root of our present use of the word "indolence"! This is from "in" and "doleo," not to grieve; and indolence is thus a state in which we have no grief or pain; so that the word, as we now employ it, seems to affirm that indulgence in sloth and ease is that which would constitute for us the absence of all pain. Trench. Indolency In"do*len*cy (?), n. Indolence. [Obs.] Holland. Indolent In"do*lent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. dolens, -entis, p. pr. of dolere to feel pain: cf. F. indolent. See Dolorous.] 1. Free from toil, pain, or trouble. [Obs.] 2. Indulging in ease; avoiding labor and exertion; habitually idle; lazy; inactive; as, an indolent man. To waste long nights in indolent repose. Pope. 3. (Med.) Causing little or no pain or annoyance; as, an indolent tumor. Syn. -- Idle; lazy; slothful; sluggish; listless; inactive; inert. See Idle. Indolently In"do*lent*ly, adv. In an indolent manner. Calm and serene you indolently sit. Addison. Indoles In"do*les (?), n. [L. Cf. Adolescence.] Natural disposition; natural quality or abilities. Indolin In"do*lin (?), n. [See Indol.] (Chem.) A dark resinous substance, polymeric with indol, and obtained by the reduction of indigo white. Indomable In*dom"a*ble (?), a. [L. indomabilis; pref. in- not + domabilis tamable.] Indomitable. [Obs.] Indomitable In*dom"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. indomitabilis; pref. in- not + domitare, intens. fr. domare to tame. See Tame.] Not to be subdued; untamable; invincible; as, an indomitable will, courage, animal. Indomite In*dom"ite (?), a. [L. indomitus.] Not tamed; untamed; savage; wild. [Obs.] J. Salkeld. Indomptable In*domp"ta*ble (?), a. [F. indomptable, L. indomitabilis.] Indomitable. [Obs.] Tooke. Indoor In"door` (?), a. Done or being within doors; within a house or institution; domestic; as, indoor work. Indoors In"doors` (?), adv. Within the house; -- usually separated, in doors. Indophenol In`do*phe"nol (?), n. [Indigo + phenol.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of artificial blue dyestuffs, resembling indigo in appearance, and obtained by the action of phenol on certain nitrogenous derivatives of quinone. Simple indophenol proper has not yet been isolated. Indorsable In*dors"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being indorsed; transferable; convertible. Indorsation In`dor*sa"tion (?), n. Indorsement. [Obs.] Indorse In*dorse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indorsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indorsing.] [LL. indorsare. See Endorse.] [Written also endorse.] 1. To cover the back of; to load or burden. [Obs.] Elephants indorsed with towers. Milton. 2. To write upon the back or outside of a paper or letter, as a direction, heading, memorandum, or address. 3. (Law & Com.) To write one's name, alone or with other words, upon the back of (a paper), for the purpose of transferring it, or to secure the payment of a 4. To give one's name or support to; to sanction; to aid by approval; to approve; as, to indorse an opinion. To indorse in blank, to write one's name on the back of a note or bill, leaving a blank to be filled by the holder. Indorsed In*dorsed" (?), a. (Her.) See Addorsed. Indorsee In`dor*see" (?), n. The person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorsement. Indorsement In*dorse"ment (?), n. [From Indorse; cf. Endorsement.] [Written also endorsement.] 1. The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument. 2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper, as a name, an order for, or a receipt of, payment, or the return of an officer, etc.; a writing, usually upon the back, but sometimes on the face, of a negotiable instrument, by which the property therein is assigned and transferred. Story. Byles. Burrill. 3. Sanction, support, or approval; as, the indorsement of a rumor, an opinion, a course, conduct. Blank indorsement. See under Blank. Indorser, Indorsor In*dors"er (?), In*dors"or (?), n. The person who indorses. [Written also endorser.] Indow In*dow" (?), v. t. See Endow. Indowment In*dow"ment (?), n. See Endowment. Indoxyl In*dox"yl (?), n. [Indigo + hydroxyl.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, C8H7NO, isomeric with oxindol, obtained as an oily liquid. Indoxylic In`dox*yl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to, or producing, indoxyl; as, indoxylic acid. Indraught In"draught` (?), n. 1. An opening from the sea into the land; an inlet. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. 2. A draught of air or flow of water setting inward. Indrawn In"drawn` (?), a. Drawn in. Indrench In*drench" (?), v. t. To overwhelm with water; to drench; to drown. [Obs.] Shak. Indris, Indri In"dris (?), In"dri (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any lemurine animal of the genus Indris. NOTE: &hand; Se veral sp ecies ar e kn own, al l of them natives of Madagascar, as the diadem indris (I. diadema), which has a white ruff around the forehead; the woolly indris (I. laniger); and the short-tailed or black indris (I. brevicaudatus), which is black, varied with gray. Indubious In*du"bi*ous (?), a. [L. indubius. See In- not, and Dubious.] 1. Not dubious or doubtful; certain. 2. Not doubting; unsuspecting. "Indubious confidence." Harvey. Indubitable In*du"bi*ta*ble (?), a. [L. indubitabilis: cf. F. indubitable. See In- not, and Dubitable.] Not dubitable or doubtful; too evident to admit of doubt; unquestionable; evident; apparently certain; as, an indubitable conclusion. -- n. That which is indubitable. Syn. -- Unquestionable; evident; incontrovertible; incontestable; undeniable; irrefragable. Indubitableness In*du"bi*ta*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being indubitable. Indubitably In*du"bi*ta*bly, adv. Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt. Oracles indubitably clear and infallibly certain. Barrow. Indubitate In*du"bi*tate (?), a. [L. indubitatus; pref. in- not + dubitatus, p. p. of dubitare to doubt.] Not questioned or doubtful; evident; certain. [Obs.] Bacon. Indubitate In*du"bi*tate (?), v. t. [L. indubitatus, p. p. of indubitare; pref. in- in + dubitare to doubt.] To bring into doubt; to cause to be doubted. [Obs.] To conceal, or indubitate, his exigency. Sir T. Browne. Induce In*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Induced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inducing (?).] [L. inducere, inductum; pref. in- in + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Induct.] 1. To lead in; to introduce. [Obs.] The poet may be seen inducing his personages in the first Iliad. Pope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 755 2. To draw on; to overspread. [A Latinism] Cowper. 3. To lead on; to influence; to prevail on; to incite; to move by persuasion or influence. Shak. He is not obliged by your offer to do it, . . . though he may be induced, persuaded, prevailed upon, tempted. Paley. Let not the covetous desire of growing rich induce you to ruin your reputation. Dryden. 4. To bring on; to effect; to cause; as, a fever induced by fatigue or exposure. Sour things induces a contraction in the nerves. Bacon. 5. (Physics) To produce, or cause, by proximity without contact or transmission, as a particular electric or magnetic condition in a body, by the approach of another body in an opposite electric or magnetic state. 6. (Logic) To generalize or conclude as an inference from all the particulars; -- the opposite of deduce. Syn. -- To move; instigate; urge; impel; incite; press; influence; actuate. Inducement In*duce"ment (?), n. [From Induce.] 1. The act of inducing, or the state of being induced. 2. That which induces; a motive or consideration that leads one to action or induces one to act; as, reward is an inducement to toil. "Mark the inducement." Shak. 3. (Law) Matter stated by way of explanatory preamble or introduction to the main allegations of a pleading; a leading to. Syn. -- Motive; reason; influence. See Motive. Inducer In*du"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, induces or incites. Inducible In*du"ci*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being induced, caused, or made to take place. 2. Obtainable by induction; derivable; inferable. Induct In*duct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inducted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inducting.] [L. inductus, p. p. of inducere. See Induce.] 1. To bring in; to introduce; to usher in. The independent orator inducting himself without further ceremony into the pulpit. Sir W. Scott. 2. To introduce, as to a benefice or office; to put in actual possession of the temporal rights of an ecclesiastical living, or of any other office, with the customary forms and ceremonies. The prior, when inducted into that dignity, took an oath not to alienate any of their lands. Bp. Burnet. Inducteous In*duc"te*ous (?), a. (Elec.) Rendered electro-polar by induction, or brought into the opposite electrical state by the influence of inductive bodies. Inductile In*duc"tile (?), a. [Pref. in- not + ductile: cf. F. inductile.] Not ductile; incapable of being drawn into threads, as a metal; inelastic; tough. Inductility In`duc*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inductile. Induction In*duc"tion (?), n. [L. inductio: cf. F. induction. See Induct.] 1. The act or process of inducting or bringing in; introduction; entrance; beginning; commencement. I know not you; nor am I well pleased to make this time, as the affair now stands, the induction of your acquaintance. Beau. & Fl. These promises are fair, the parties sure, And our induction dull of prosperous hope. Shak. 2. An introduction or introductory scene, as to a play; a preface; a prologue. [Obs.] This is but an induction: I will dMassinger. 3. (Philos.) The act or process of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal; also, the result or inference so reached. Induction is an inference drawn from all the particulars. Sir W. Hamilton. Induction is the process by which we conclude that what is true of certain individuals of a class, is true of the whole class, or that what is true at certain times will be true in similar circumstances at all times. J. S. Mill. 4. The introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, or of an official into a office, with appropriate acts or ceremonies; the giving actual possession of an ecclesiastical living or its temporalities. 5. (Math.) A process of demonstration in which a general truth is gathered from an examination of particular cases, one of which is known to be true, the examination being so conducted that each case is made to depend on the preceding one; -- called also successive induction. 6. (Physics) The property by which one body, having electrical or magnetic polarity, causes or induces it in another body without direct contact; an impress of electrical or magnetic force or condition from one body on another without actual contact. Electro-dynamic induction, the action by which a variable or interrupted current of electricity excites another current in a neighboring conductor forming a closed circuit. -- Electro-magnetic induction, the influence by which an electric current produces magnetic polarity in certain bodies near or around which it passes. -- Electro-static induction, the action by which a body possessing a charge of statical electricity develops a charge of statical electricity of the opposite character in a neighboring body. -- Induction coil, an apparatus producing induced currents of great intensity. It consists of a coil or helix of stout insulated copper wire, surrounded by another coil of very fine insulated wire, in which a momentary current is induced, when a current (as from a voltaic battery), passing through the inner coil, is made, broken, or varied. The inner coil has within it a core of soft iron, and is connected at its terminals with a condenser; -- called also inductorium, and Ruhmkorff's coil. -- Induction pipe, port, OR valve, a pipe, passageway, or valve, for leading or admitting a fluid to a receiver, as steam to an engine cylinder, or water to a pump. -- Magnetic induction, the action by which magnetic polarity is developed in a body susceptible to magnetic effects when brought under the influence of a magnet. -- Magneto-electric induction, the influence by which a magnet excites electric currents in closed circuits. Logical induction, (Philos.), an act or method of reasoning from all the parts separately to the whole which they constitute, or into which they may be united collectively; the operation of discovering and proving general propositions; the scientific method. -- Philosophical induction, the inference, or the act of inferring, that what has been observed or established in respect to a part, individual, or species, may, on the ground of analogy, be affirmed or received of the whole to which it belongs. This last is the inductive method of Bacon. It ascends from the parts to the whole, and forms, from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience and experiment. It relates to actual existences, as in physical science or the concerns of life. Logical induction is founded on the necessary laws of thought; philosophical induction, on the interpretation of the indications or analogy of nature.<-- "scientific method" is now considered as the latter, rather than the former! --> Syn. -- Deduction. -- Induction, Deduction. In induction we observe a sufficient number of individual facts, and, on the ground of analogy, extend what is true of them to others of the same class, thus arriving at general principles or laws. This is the kind of reasoning in physical science. In deduction we begin with a general truth, which is already proven or provisionally assumed, and seek to connect it with some particular case by means of a middle term, or class of objects, known to be equally connected with both. Thus, we bring down the general into the particular, affirming of the latter the distinctive qualities of the former. This is the syllogistic method. By induction Franklin established the identity of lightning and electricity; by deduction he inferred that dwellings might be protected by lightning rods. Inductional In*duc"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or proceeding by, induction; inductive. Inductive In*duct"ive (?), a. [LL. inductivus: cf. F. inductif. See Induce.] 1. Leading or drawing; persuasive; tempting; -- usually followed by to. A brutish vice, Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve. Milton. 2. Tending to induce or cause. [R.] They may be . . . inductive of credibility. Sir M. Hale. 3. Leading to inferences; proceeding by, derived from, or using, induction; as, inductive reasoning. 4. (Physics) (a) Operating by induction; as, an inductive electrical machine. (b) Facilitating induction; susceptible of being acted upon by induction; as certain substances have a great inductive capacity. Inductive embarrassment (Physics), the retardation in signaling on an electric wire, produced by lateral induction. -- Inductive philosophy OR method. See Philosophical induction, under Induction. -- Inductive sciences, those sciences which admit of, and employ, the inductive method, as astronomy, botany, chemistry, etc. Inductively In*duct"ive*ly, adv. By induction or inference. Inductometer In`duc*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Induction + -meter.] (Elec.) An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the degree or rate of electrical induction. Inductor In*duct"or (?), n. [L., one who stirs up or rouses. See Induce.] 1. The person who inducts another into an office or benefice. 2. (Elec.) That portion of an electrical apparatus, in which is the inducing charge or current. Inductorium In`duc*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Inductoriums (#), L. Inductoria (#). [NL., fr. E. induction.] (Elec.) An induction coil. Inductric, Inductrical In*duc"tric (?), In*duc"tric*al (?), a. (Elec.) Acting by, or in a state of, induction; relating to electrical induction. Indue In*due" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Induing.] [Written also endue.] [L. induere to put on, clothe, fr. OL. indu (fr. in- in) + a root seen also in L. exuere to put off, divest, exuviae the skin of an animal, slough, induviae clothes. Cf. Endue to invest.] 1. To put on, as clothes; to draw on. The baron had indued a pair of jack boots. Sir W. Scott. 2. To clothe; to invest; hence, to endow; to furnish; to supply with moral or mental qualities. Indu'd with robes of various hue she flies. Dryden. Indued with intellectual sense and souls. Shak. Induement In*due"ment (?), n. [From Indue; cf. Indument, Enduement.] The act of induing, or state of being indued; investment; endowment. W. Montagu. Indulge In*dulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indulging (?).] [L. indulgere to be kind or tender to one; cf. OIr. dilgud, equiv. to L. remissio, OIr. dligeth, equiv. to L. lex, Goth. dulgs debt.] 1. To be complacent toward; to give way to; not to oppose or restrain; (a) when said of a habit, desire, etc.: to give free course to; to give one's self up to; as, to indulge sloth, pride, selfishness, or inclinations; (b) when said of a person: to yield to the desire of; to gratify by compliance; to humor; to withhold restraint from; as, to indulge children in their caprices or willfulness; to indulge one's self with a rest or in pleasure. Hope in another life implies that we indulge ourselves in the gratifications of this very sparingly. Atterbury. 2. To grant as by favor; to bestow in concession, or in compliance with a wish or request. Persuading us that something must be indulged to public manners. Jer. Taylor. Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light Indulge, dread Chaos, and eternal Night! Pope. NOTE: &hand; It is re marked by Jo hnson, th at if the matter of indulgence is a single thing, it has with before it; if it is a habit, it has in; as, he indulged himself with a glass of wine or a new book; he indulges himself in idleness or intemperance. See Gratify. Indulge In*dulge", v. i. To indulge one's self; to gratify one's tastes or desires; esp., to give one's self up (to); to practice a forbidden or questionable act without restraint; -- followed by in, but formerly, also, by to. "Willing to indulge in easy vices." Johnson. Indulgement In*dulge"ment (?), n. Indulgence. [R.] Wood. Indulgence In*dul"gence (?), n. [L. indulgentia: cf. F. indulgence.] 1. The act of indulging or humoring; the quality of being indulgent; forbearance of restrain or control. If I were a judge, that word indulgence should never issue from my lips. Tooke. They err, that through indulgence to others, or fondness to any sin in themselves, substitute for repentance anything less. Hammond. 2. An indulgent act; favor granted; gratification. If all these gracious indulgences are without any effect on us, we must perish in our own folly. Rogers. 3. (R. C. Ch.) Remission of the temporal punishment due to sins, after the guilt of sin has been remitted by sincere repentance; absolution from the censures and public penances of the church. It is a payment of the debt of justice to God by the application of the merits of Christ and his saints to the contrite soul through the church. It is therefore believed to diminish or destroy for sins the punishment of purgatory. Indulgence In*dul"gence (?), v. t. To grant an indulgence to. Indulgency In*dul"gen*cy (?), n. Indulgence. Dryden. Indulgent In*dul"gent (?), a. [L. indulgens, -entis, p. pr. of indulgere: cf. F. indulgent. See Indulge.] Prone to indulge; yielding to the wishes, humor, or appetites of those under one's care; compliant; not opposing or restraining; tolerant; mild; favorable; not severe; as, an indulgent parent. Shak. The indulgent censure of posterity. Waller. The feeble old, indulgent of their ease. Dryden. Indulgential In`dul*gen"tial (?), a. Relating to the indulgences of the Roman Catholic Church. Brevint. Indulgently In*dul"gent*ly (?), adv. In an indulgent manner; mildly; favorably. Dryden. Indulger In*dul"ger, n. One who indulges. W. Montagu. Indulgiate In*dul"gi*ate (?), v. t. To indulge. [R.] Sandys. Induline In"du*line (?), n. [Perh. fr. indigo.] (Chem.) (a) Any one of a large series of aniline dyes, colored blue or violet, and represented by aniline violet. (b) A dark green amorphous dyestuff, produced by the oxidation of aniline in the presence of copper or vanadium salts; -- called also aniline black. Indult, Indulto In*dult" (?), In*dul"to (?), n. [L. indultum indulgence, favor, fr. indultus, p. p. of indulgere: cf. It. indulto, F. indult. See Indulge.] 1. A privilege or exemption; an indulgence; a dispensation granted by the pope. 2. (Spain) A duty levied on all importations. Indument In"du*ment (?), n. [L. indumentum a covering. See Indue, and cf. Induement.] (Zo\'94l.) Plumage; feathers. Induplicate In*du"pli*cate (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Having the edges bent abruptly toward the axis; -- said of the parts of the calyx or corolla in \'91stivation. (b) Having the edges rolled inward and then arranged about the axis without overlapping; -- said of leaves in vernation. Induplicative In*du"pli*ca*tive (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Having induplicate sepals or petals in \'91stivation. (b) Having induplicate leaves in vernation. Indurance In*dur"ance (?), n. [Obs.] See Endurance. Indurate In"du*rate (?), a. [L. induratus, p. p. of indurare to harden. See Endure.] 1. Hardened; not soft; indurated. Tyndale. 2. Without sensibility; unfeeling; obdurate. Indurate In"du*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indurating (?).] 1. To make hard; as, extreme heat indurates clay; some fossils are indurated by exposure to the air. 2. To make unfeeling; to deprive of sensibility; to render obdurate. Indurate In"du*rate, v. i. To grow hard; to harden, or become hard; as, clay indurates by drying, and by heat. Indurated In"du*ra`ted (?), a. Hardened; as, indurated clay; an indurated heart. Goldsmith. Induration In`du*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. induration, L. induratio hardness of heart.] 1. The act of hardening, or the process of growing hard. 2. State of being indurated, or of having become hard. 3. Hardness of character, manner, sensibility, etc.; obduracy; stiffness; want of pliancy or feeling. A certain induration of character had arisen from long habits of business. Coleridge. Indusial In*du"sial (?), a. [See Indusium.] Of, pertaining to, or containing, the petrified cases of the larv\'91 of certain insects. Indusial limestone (Geol.), a fresh-water limestone, largely composed of the agglomerated cases of caddice worms, or larv\'91 of caddice flies (Phryganea). It is found in Miocene strata of Auvergne, France, and some other localities. Indusiate, Indusiated In*du"si*ate (?), In*du"si*a`ted (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with an indusium. Indusium In*du"si*um (?), n.; pl. Indu (#). [L., an under garment, fr. induere to put on: cf. F. indusie the covering of the seed spots of ferns.] (Bot.) (a) A collection of hairs united so as to form a sort of cup, and inclosing the stigma of a flower. (b) The immediate covering of the fruit dots or sori in many ferns, usually a very thin scale attached by the middle or side to a veinlet. (c) A peculiar covering found in certain fungi. Industrial In*dus"tri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. industriel, LL. industrialis. See Industry.] Consisting in industry; pertaining to industry, or the arts and products of industry; concerning those employed in labor, especially in manual labor, and their wages, duties, and rights. The great ideas of industrial development and economic social amelioration. M. Arnold. _________________________________________________________________ Page 756 Industrial exhibition, a public exhibition of the various industrial products of a country, or of various countries. -- Industrial school, a school for teaching one or more branches of industry; also, a school for educating neglected children, and training them to habits of industry. Industrialism In*dus"tri*al*ism (?), n. 1. Devotion to industrial pursuits; labor; industry. J. S. Mill. 2. The principles or policy applicable to industrial pursuits or organized labor. Industrialism must not confounded with industriousness. H. Spencer. Industrially In*dus"tri*al*ly, adv. With reference to industry. Industrious In*dus"tri*ous (?), a. [L. industrius, industriosus: cf. F. industrieux. See Industry.] 1. Given to industry; characterized by diligence; constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied; busy; assiduous; not slothful or idle; -- commonly implying devotion to lawful and useful labor. Frugal and industrious men are commonly friendly to the established government. Sir W. Temple. 2. Steadily and perseveringly active in a particular pursuit or aim; as, he was negligent in business, but industrious in pleasure; an industrious mischief maker. Industrious to seek out the truth of all things. Spenser. -- In*dus"tri*ous*ly, adv. -- In*dus"tri*ous*ness, n. Industry In"dus*try (?), n.; pl. Industries (#). [L. industria, cf. industrius diligent; of uncertain origin: cf. F. industrie.] 1. Habitual diligence in any employment or pursuit, either bodily or mental; steady attention to business; assiduity; -- opposed to sloth and idleness; as, industry pays debts, while idleness or despair will increase them. We are more industrious than our forefathers, because in the present times the funds destined for the maintenance of industry are much greater in proportion to those which are likely to be employed in the maintenance of idleness, than they were two or three centuries ago. A. Smith. 2. Any department or branch of art, occupation, or business; especially, one which employs much labor and capital and is a distinct branch of trade; as, the sugar industry; the iron industry; the cotton industry. 3. (Polit. Econ.) Human exertion of any kind employed for the creation of value, and regarded by some as a species of capital or wealth; labor. Syn. -- Diligence; assiduity; perseverance; activity; laboriousness; attention. See Diligence. Indutive In*du"tive (?), a. [L. indutus, p. p. of induere to put on. See Indue.] (Bot.) Covered; -- applied to seeds which have the usual integumentary covering. Induvi\'91 In*du"vi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [L., clothes, fr. induere to put on. See Indue.] (Bot.) Persistent portions of a calyx or corolla; also, leaves which do not disarticulate from the stem, and hence remain for a long time. Induviate In*du"vi*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Covered with induvi\'91, as the upper part of the trunk of a palm tree. Indwell In"dwell` (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Indwelt (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indwelling.] To dwell in; to abide within; to remain in possession. The Holy Ghost became a dove, not as a symbol, but as a constantly indwelt form. Milman. Indweller In"dwell`er (?) n. An inhabitant. Spenser. Indwelling In"dwell`ing, n. Residence within, as in the heart. The personal indwelling of the Spirit in believers. South. -ine -ine (?; 104). 1. (Chem.) A suffix, indicating that those substances of whose names it is a part are basic, and alkaloidal in their nature. NOTE: &hand; Al l or ganic ba ses, and basic substances (especially nitrogenous substances), are systematically written with the termination -ine; as, quinine, morphine, guanidine, etc. All indifferent and neutral substances, as proteids, glycerides, glucosides, etc., should commonly be spelled with -in; as, gelatin, amygdalin, etc. This rue has no application to those numerous commercial or popular names with the termination -ine; as, gasoline, vaseline, etc. 2. (Organ. Chem.) A suffix, used to indicate hydrocarbons of the second degree of unsaturation; i. e., members of the acetyline series; as, hexine, heptine, etc. <-- now "-yne" --> Inearth In*earth" (?), v. t. To inter. [R.] Southey. Inebriant In*e"bri*ant (?), a. [L. inebrians, p. pr. of inebriare. See Inebriate.] Intoxicating. Inebriant In*e"bri*ant, n. Anything that intoxicates, as opium, alcohol, etc.; an intoxicant. Smart. Inebriate In*e"bri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inebriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inebriating (?).] [L. inebriatus, p. p. of inebriare; pref. in- in + ebriare to make drunk, fr. ebrius drunk. See Ebriety.] 1. To make drunk; to intoxicate. The cups That cheer but not inebriate. Cowper. 2. Fig.: To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate or elate as if by spirituous drink; to deprive of sense and judgment; also, to stupefy. The inebriating effect of popular applause. Macaulay. Inebriate In*e"bri*ate, v. i. To become drunk. [Obs.] Bacon. Inebriate In*e"bri*ate (?), a. [L. inebriatus, p. p.] Intoxicated; drunk; habitually given to drink; stupefied. Thus spake Peter, as a man inebriate and made drunken with the sweetness of this vision, not knowing what he said. Udall. Inebriate In*e"bri*ate, n. One who is drunk or intoxicated; esp., an habitual drunkard; as, an asylum fro inebriates. Some inebriates have their paroxysms of inebriety. E. Darwin. Inebriation In*e`bri*a"tion (?), n. [L. inebriatio.] The condition of being inebriated; intoxication; figuratively, deprivation of sense and judgment by anything that exhilarates, as success. Sir T. Browne. Preserve him from the inebriation of prosperity. Macaulay. Syn. -- See Drunkenness. Inebriety In`e*bri"e*ty (?), n. [See Inebriate, Ebriety.] Drunkenness; inebriation. E. Darwin. Inebrious In*e"bri*ous (?), a. Intoxicated, or partially so; intoxicating. [R.] T. Brown. Inedited In*ed"it*ed (?), a. Not edited; unpublished; as, an inedited manuscript. T. Warton. In\'82e I`n\'82e" (?), n. [F.] An arrow poison, made from an apocynaceous plant (Strophanthus hispidus) of the Gaboon country; -- called also onaye. Ineffability In*ef`fa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ineffabilitas: cf. F. ineffabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being ineffable; ineffableness; unspeakableness. Ineffable In*ef"fa*ble (?), a. [L. ineffabilis: cf. F. ineffable. See In- not, and Effable, Fame.] Incapable of being expresses in words; unspeakable; unutterable; indescribable; as, the ineffable joys of heaven. Contentment with our lot . . . will diffuse ineffable contenBeattie. Ineffableness In*ef"fa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being ineffable or unutterable; unspeakableness. Ineffably In*ef"fa*bly, adv. In a manner not to be expressed in words; unspeakably. Milton. Ineffaceable In`ef*face"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + effaceable: cf. F. ineffa.] Incapable of being effaced; indelible; ineradicable. Ineffaceably In`ef*face"a*bly, adv. So as not to be effaceable. Ineffectible In`ef*fect"i*ble (?), a. Ineffectual; impracticable. [R.] Bp. Hall. Ineffective In`ef*fect"ive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + effective: cf. F. ineffectif.] Not effective; ineffectual; futile; inefficient; useless; as, an ineffective appeal. The word of God, without the spirit, [is] a dead and ineffective letter. Jer. Taylor. Ineffectively In`ef*fect"ive*ly, adv. In an ineffective manner; without effect; inefficiently; ineffectually. Ineffectiveness In`ef*fect"ive*ness, n. Quality of being ineffective. Ineffectual In`ef*fec"tu*al (?; 135), a. Not producing the proper effect; without effect; inefficient; weak; useless; futile; unavailing; as, an ineffectual attempt; an ineffectual expedient. Pope. The peony root has been much commended, . . . and yet has been by many found ineffectual. Boyle. Syn. -- Inefficient; useless; inefficacious; vain; fruitless; unavailing; futile. See Uselesss, Inefficacious. Ineffectuality In`ef*fec`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. Ineffectualness. [R.] Ineffectually In`ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv. Without effect; in vain. Hereford . . . had been besieged for abouineffectually by the Scots. Ludlow. Ineffectualness In`ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n. Want of effect, or of power to produce it; inefficacy. The ineffectualness of some men's devotion. Wake. Ineffervescence In*ef`fer*ves"cence (?), n. Want of effervescence. Kirwan. Ineffervescent In*ef`fer*ves"cent (?), a. Not effervescing, or not susceptible of effervescence; quiescent. Ineffervescibility In*ef`fer*ves`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being ineffervescible. Ineffervescible In*ef`fer*ves"ci*ble (?), a. Not capable or susceptible of effervescence. Inefficacious In*ef`fi*ca"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + efficacious: cf. F. inefficace, L. inefficax.] Not efficacious; not having power to produce the effect desired; inadequate; incompetent; inefficient; impotent. Boyle. The authority of Parliament must become inefficacious . . . to restrain the growth of disorders. Burke. NOTE: &hand; In effectual, sa ys Jo hnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and inefficacious and habitual impotence to any effect. But the distinction is not always observed, nor can it be; for we can not always know whether means are inefficacious till experiment has proved them ineffectual. Inefficacious is therefore sometimes synonymous with ineffectual. Inefficaciously In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv. without efficacy or effect. Inefficaciousness In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n. Want of effect, or of power to produce the effect; inefficacy. Inefficacy In*ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. inefficacia. See In- not, and Efficacy.] Want of power to produce the desired or proper effect; inefficiency; ineffectualness; futility; uselessness; fruitlessness; as, the inefficacy of medicines or means. The seeming inefficacy of censures. Bp. Hall. The inefficacy was soon proved, like that of many similar medicines. James Gregory. Inenficiency In`en*fi"cien*cy (?), n. The quality of being inefficient; want of power or energy sufficient; want of power or energy sufficient for the desired effect; inefficacy; incapacity; as, he was discharged from his position for inefficiency. Inenficient In`en*fi"cient (?), a. 1. Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious; as, inefficient means or measures. 2. Incapable of, or indisposed to, effective action; habitually slack or remiss; effecting little or nothing; as, inefficient workmen; an inefficient administrator. Inenficiently In`en*fi"cient*ly, adv. In an inefficient manner. Inelaborate In`e*lab"o*rate (?), a. [L. inelaboratus. See In- not, and Elaborate.] Not elaborate; not wrought with care; unpolished; crude; unfinished. Inelastic In`e*las"tic (?), a. Not elastic. Inelasticity In`e*las*tic"i*ty (?), n. Want of elasticity. Inelegance, Inelegancy In*el"e*gance (?), In*el"e*gan*cy (?), n.; pl. Inelegances (#), Inelegancies (#). [L. inelegantia: cf. F. in\'82l\'82gance.] 1. The quality of being inelegant; want of elegance or grace; want of refinement, beauty, or polish in language, composition, or manners. The notorious inelegance of her figure. T. Hook. 2. Anything inelegant; as, inelegance of style in literary composition. Inelegant In*el"e*gant (?), a. [L. inelegans: cf. F. in\'82l\'82gant. See In- not, and Elegant.] Not elegant; deficient in beauty, polish, refinement, grave, or ornament; wanting in anything which correct taste requires. What order so contrived as not to mix Tastes, not well joined, inelegant. Milton. It renders style often obscure, always embarrassed and inelegant. Blair. Inelegantly In*el"e*gant*ly, adv. In an inelegant manner. Ineligibility In*el`i*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. in\'82ligibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being ineligible. Ineligible In*el"i*gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + eligible: cf. F. in\'82ligible.] Not eligible; not qualified to be chos Burke. Inelligibly In*el"li*gi*bly (?), adv. In an ineligible manner. Ineloquent In*e"lo*quent (?), a. [L. ineloquens: cf. F. in\'82loquent. See In- not, and Eloquent.] Not eloquent; not fluent, graceful, or pathetic; not persuasive; as, ineloquent language. Nor are thy lips ungraceful, sire of men, Nor tongue ineloquent. Milton. Ineloquently In*e"lo*quent*ly, adv. Without eloquence. Ineluctable In`e*luc"ta*ble (?), a. [L. ineluctabilis; pref. in- not + eluctabilis to be surmounted, fr. eluctari to struggle out of, to surmount: cf. F. in\'82luctable. See Eluctate.] Not to be overcome by struggling; irresistible; inevitable. Bp. Pearson. The ineluctable conditions of matter. Hamerton. Ineludible In`e*lud"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being eluded or evaded; unvoidable. Most pressing reasons and ineludible demonstrations. Glanvill. Inembryonate In*em"bry*o*nate (?), a. (Biol.) Not embryonate. Inernarrable In`er*nar"ra*ble (?), a. [L. inenarrabilis; pref. in- not + enarrabilis that may be related; fr. enarrare to relate: cf. F. in\'82narrable. See Enarration.] Incapable of being narrated; indescribable; ineffable. [Obs.] "Inenarrable goodness." Bp. Fisher. Inept In*ept" (?), a. [L. ineptus; prefix. in- not + aptus apt, fit: cf. F. inepte. Cf. Inapt.] 1. Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuitable; improper; unbecoming. The Aristotelian philosophy is inept for new discoveries. Glanvill. 2. Silly; useless; nonsensical; absurd; foolish. To view attention as a special act of intelligence, and to distinguish it from consciousness, is utterly inept. Sir W. Hamilton. Ineptitude In*ept"i*tude (?), n. [L. ineptitudo.] 1. The quality of being inept; unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitableness. That ineptitude for society, which is frequently the fault of us scholars. Tatler. 2. Absurdity; nonsense; foolishness. Ineptly In*ept"ly, adv. Unfitly; unsuitably; awkwardly. None of them are made foolishly or ineptly. Dr. H. More. Ineptness In*ept"ness, n. Unfitness; ineptitude. The feebleness and miserable ineptness of infancy. Dr. H. More. Inequable In*e"qua*ble (?), a. Unequable. [R.] Bailey. Inequal In*e"qual (?), a. [L. inaequalis. See In- not, and Equal.] Unequal; uneven; various. [Obs.] Chaucer. Inequality In`e*qual"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inequalities (#). [L. inaequalitas.] 1. The quality of being unequal; difference, or want of equality, in any respect; lack of uniformity; disproportion; unevenness; disparity; diversity; as, an inequality in size, stature, numbers, power, distances, motions, rank, property, etc. There is so great an inequality in the length of our legs and arms as makes it impossible for us to walk on all four. Ray. Notwithstanding which inequality of number, it was resolved in a council of war to fight the Dutch fleet. Ludlow. Sympathy is rarely strong where there is a great inequality of condition. Macaulay. 2. Unevenness; want of levelness; the alternate rising and falling of a surface; as, the inequalities of the surface of the earth, or of a marble slab, etc. The country is cut into so many hills and inequalities as renders it defensible. Addison. 3. Variableness; changeableness; inconstancy; lack of smoothness or equability; deviation; unsteadiness, as of the weather, feelings, etc. Inequality of air is ever an enemy to health. Bacon. 4. Disproportion to any office or purpose; inadequacy; competency; as, the inequality of terrestrial things to the wants of a rational soul. South. 5. (Alg.) An expression consisting of two unequal quantities, with the sign of inequality (> or <) between them; as, the inequality 2 < 3, or 4 > 1. 6. (Astron.) An irregularity, or a deviation, in the motion of a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion; the amount of such deviation. Inequation In`e*qua"tion (?), n. (Math.) An inequality. Inequidistant In*e`qui*dis"tant (?), a. Not equally distant; not equidistant. Inequilateral In*e`qui*lat"er*al (?), a. 1. Having unequal sides; unsymmetrical; unequal-sided. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the two ends unequal, as in the clam, quahaug, and most lamellibranch shells. Inequilobate In*e`qui*lo"bate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + equi- + lobate.] (Biol.) Unequally lobed; cut into lobes of different shapes or sizes. Inequitable In*eq"ui*ta*ble (?), a. Not equitable; not just. Burke. Inequitate In*eq"ui*tate (?), v. t. [L. inequitatus, p. p. inequitare to ride over. See 1st In-, and Equitant.] To ride over or through. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Inequity In*eq"ui*ty (?), n. Want of equity; injustice; wrong. "Some form of inequity." H. Spencer. Inequivalve, Inequivalvular In*e"qui*valve (?), In*e`qui*val"vu*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having unequal valves, as the shell of an oyster. Ineradicable In`e*rad"i*ca*ble (?), a. Incapable of being The bad seed thus sown was ineradicable. Ld. Lytton. Ineradicably In`e*rad"i*ca*bly, adv. So as not to be eradicable. Inergetic, Inergetical In`er*get"ic (?), In`er*get"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + energetic, -ical.] Having no energy; sluggish. [R.] Boyle. Inergetically In`er*get"ic*al*ly, adv. Without energy. [R.] Inerm, Inermous In*erm" (?), In*er"mous (?), a. (Bot.) Same as Inermis. Inermis In*er"mis (?), a. [L. inermis, inermus; pref. in- not + arma arms: cf. F. inerme.] (Bot.) Unarmed; destitute of prickles or thorns, as a leaf. Gray. Inerrability In*er`ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. Freedom or exemption from error; infallibility. Eikon Basilike. Inerrable In*er"ra*ble (?), a. [L. inerrabilis. See In- not, and Err.] Incapable of erring; infallible; unerring. "Inerabble and requisite conditions." Sir T. Browne. "Not an inerrable text." Gladstone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 757 Inerrableness In*er"ra*ble*ness (?), n. Exemption from error; inerrability; infallibility. Hammond. Inerrably In*er"ra*bly, adv. With security from error; infallibly; unerringly. Inerrancy In*er"ran*cy (?), n. Exemption from error. The absolute inerrancy odf the Bible. The Century. Inerratic In`er*rat"ic (?), a. Not erratic or wandering; fixed; settled; established. Inerringly In*err"ing*ly (?), adv. Without error, mistake, or deviation; unerringly. Glanvill. Inert In*ert" (?), a. [L. iners, inertis, unskilled, idle; pref. in- + ars art: cf. F. inerte. See Art.] 1. Destitute of the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion; as, matter is inert. 2. Indisposed to move or act; very slow to act; sluggish; dull; inactive; indolent; lifeless. The inert and desponding party of the court. Macaulay. It present becomes extravagant, then imbecile, and at length utterly inert. I. Taylor. 3. Not having or manifesting active properties; not affecting other substances when brought in contact with them; powerless for an expected or desired effect.Syn. -- Inactive; dull; passive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; lazy; lifeless; irresolute; stupid; senseless; insensible. -- Inert, Inactive, Sluggish. A man may be inactive from mere want of stimulus to effort; but one who is inert has something in his constitution or his habits which operates like a weight holding him back from exertion. Sluggish is still stronger, implying some defect of temperament which directly impedes action. Inert and inactive are negative, sluggish is positive. Even the favored isles . . . Can boast but little virtue; and, inert Through plenty, lose in morals what they gain In manners -- victims of luxurious ease. Cowper. Doomed to lose four months in inactive obscurity. Johnson. Sluggish Idleness, the nurse of sin, Upon a slothful ass he chose to ride. Spenser. Inertia In*er"ti*a (?), n. [L., idleness, fr. iners idle. See Inert.] 1. (Physics) That property of matter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and when in motion to continue in motion, and in the same straight line or direction, unless acted on by some external force; -- sometimes called vis inerti\'91. 2. Inertness; indisposition to motion, exertion, or action; want of energy; sluggishness. Men . . . have immense irresolution and inertia. Carlyle. 3. (Med.) Want of activity; sluggishness; -- said especially of the uterus, when, in labor, its contractions have nearly or wholly ceased. Center of inertia. (Mech.) See under Center. Inertion In*er"tion (?), n. Want of activity or exertion; inertness; quietude. [R.] These vicissitudes of exertion and inertion of the arterial system constitute the paroxysms of remittent fever. E. Darwin. Inertitude In*ert"i*tude (?), n. [See Inert.] Inertness; inertia. [R.] Good. Inertly In*ert"ly, adv. Without activity; sluggishly. Pope. Inertness In*ert"ness, n. 1. Want of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or motion; sluggishness; apathy; insensibility. Glanvill. Laziness and inertness of mind. Burke. 2. Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia. Inerudite In*er"u*dite (?), a. [L. ineruditus. See In- not, and Erudite.] Not erudite; unlearned; ignorant. Inescapable In`es*cap"a*ble (?), a. Not escapable. Inescate In*es"cate (?), v. t. [L. inescatus, p. p. of inescare; in- in + esca bait.] To allure; to lay a bait for. [Obs.] To inescate and beguile young women! Burton. Inescation In`es*ca"tion (?), n. [L. inescatio.] The act of baiting; allurement. [Obs.] Hallywell. Inescutcheon In`es*cutch"eon (?), n. (Her.) A small escutcheon borne within a shield. In esse In` es"se (?). [L.] In being; actually existing; -- distinguished from in posse, or in potentia, which denote that a thing is not, but may be. Inessential In`es*sen"tial (?), a. [Pref. in- not + essential: cf. F. inessentiel.] 1. Having no essence or being. H. Brooke. The womb of inessential Naught. Shelley. 2. Not essential; unessential. Inestimable In*es"ti*ma*ble (?), a. [L. inaestimabilis: cf. F. inestimable. See In- not, and Estimate.] Incapable of being estimated or computed; especially, too valuable or excellent to be measured or fully appreciated; above all price; as, inestimable rights or privileges. But above all, for thine inestimable love. Bk. of Com. Prayer. Science is too inestimable for expression by a money standard. Lyon Playfair. Syn. -- Incalculable; invaluable; priceless. Inestimably In*es"ti*ma*bly, adv. In a manner, or to a degree, above estimation; as, things inestimably excellent. Inevasible In`e*va"si*ble (?), a. Incapable of being Inevidence In*ev"i*dence (?), n. [Cf. F. in\'82vidence.] Want of evidence; obscurity. [Obs.] Barrow. Inevident In*ev"i*dent (?), a. [Cf. F. in\'82vident.] Not evident; not clear or obvious; obscure. Inevitability In*ev`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. in\'82vitabilit\'82.] Impossibility to be avoided or shunned; inevitableness. Shelford. Inevitable In*ev"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. inevitabilis: cf. F. in\'82vitable. See In- not, and Evitable.] 1. Not evitable; incapable of being shunned; unavoidable; certain. "The inevitable hour." Gray. It was inevitable; it was necessary; it was planted in the nature of things. Burke. 2. Irresistible. "Inevitable charms." Dryden. Inevitableness In*ev"i*ta*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being unavoidable; certainty to happen. Prideaux. Inevitably In*ev"i*ta*bly, adv. Without possibility of escape or evasion; unavoidably; certainly. Inevitably thou shalt die. Milton. How inevitably does immoderate laughter end in a sigh! South. Inexact In`ex*act" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + exact: cf. F. inexact.] Not exact; not precisely correct or true; inaccurate. Inexactitude In`ex*act"i*tude (?), n. Inexactness; uncertainty; as, geographical inexactitude. Inexactly In`ex*act"ly, adv. In a manner not exact or precise; inaccurately. R. A. Proctor. Inexactness In`ex*act"ness, n. Incorrectness; want of exactness. Inexcitability In`ex*cit`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inexcitable; insusceptibility to excitement. Inexcitable In`ex*cit"a*ble (?), a. [L. inexcitabilis from which one cannot be aroused. See In- not, and Excite.] Not susceptible of excitement; dull; lifeless; torpid. Inexcusable In`ex*cus"a*ble (?), a. [L. inexcusabilis: cf. F. inexcusable. See Excuse.] Not excusable; not admitting excuse or justification; as, inexcusable folly. Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest; for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things. Rom. ii. 1. Inexcusableness In`ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being inexcusable; enormity forgiveness. South. Inexcusably In`ex*cus"a*bly, adv. With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification. Inexcusably obstinate and perverse. Jortin. Inexecrable In*ex"e*cra*ble (?), a. That can not be execrated enough. [R.] Inexecutable In*ex"e*cu`ta*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + executable: cf. F. inex\'82cutable.] Incapable of being executed or performed; impracticable; infeasible. Inexecution In*ex`e*cu"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + execution: cf. F. inex\'82cution.] Neglect of execution; nonperformance; as, the inexecution of a treaty. Spence. Inexertion In`ex*er"tion (?), n. Want of exertion; want of effort; defect of action; indolence; laziness. Inexhalable In`ex*hal"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being exhaled. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Inexhausted In`ex*haust"ed (?), a. [Pref. in- not + exhausted: cf. F. inexhaustus.] Not exhausted; not emptied; not spent; not having lost all strength or resources; unexhausted. Dryden. Inexhaustedly In`ex*haust"ed*ly, adv. Without exhaustion. Inexhaustibility In`ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being inexhaustible; abundance. Inexhaustible In`ex*haust"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being exhausted, emptied, or used up; unfailing; not to be wasted or spent; as, inexhaustible stores of provisions; an inexhaustible stock of elegant words. Dryden. An inexhaustible store of anecdotes. Macaulay. -- In`ex*haust"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`ex*haust"i*bly, adv. Inexhaustive In`ex*haust"ive (?), a. Inexhaustible. Thomson. Inexist In`ex*ist" (?), v. i. [Pref. in- in + exist.] To exist within; to dwell within. [Obs.] Substances inexisting within the divine mind. A. Tucker. Inexistant In`ex*ist"ant (?), a. [Cf. F. inexistant. See 1st Inexistent.] Inexistent; not existing. [Obs.] Gudworth. Inexistence In`ex*ist"ence (?), n. [Pref. in- in + existence.] [Obs.] (a) Inherence; subsistence. Bp. Hall. (b) That which exists within; a constituent. A. Tucker. Inexistence In`ex*ist"ence, n. [Pref. in- in + existence: cf. F. inexistence.] Want of being or existence. Inexistent In`ex*ist"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- in + existent: cf. F. inexistant.] Not having being; not existing. Inexistent In`ex*ist"ent, a. [Pref. in- in + existent.] Inherent; innate; indwelling. Boyle. Inexorability In*ex`o*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inexorabilitas: cf. F. inexorabilit\'82.] The quality of being inexorable, or unyielding to entreaty. Paley. Inexorable In*ex"o*ra*ble (?), a. [L. inexorabilis: cf. F. inexorable. See In- not, and Exorable, Adore.] Not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer; firm; determined; unyielding; unchangeable; inflexible; relentless; as, an inexorable prince or tyrant; an inexorable judge. "Inexorable equality of laws." Gibbon. "Death's inexorable doom." Dryden. You are more inhuman, more inexorable, O, ten times more than tigers of Hyrcania. Shak. Inexorableness In*ex"o*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inexorable. Chillingworth. Inexorably In*ex"o*ra*bly, adv. In an inexorable manner; inflexibly. "Inexorably firm." Thomson. Inexpansible In`ex*pan"si*ble (?), a. Incapable of expansion, enlargement, or extension. Tyndall. Inexpectable In`ex*pect"a*ble (?), a. Not to be expected or anticipated. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Inexpectant In"ex*pect"ant (?), a. Not expectant. C. Bront\'82. Inexpectation In*ex`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Absence of expectation. Feltham. Inexpected In`ex*pect"ed (?), a. [Pref. in- not + expected: cf. L. inexspectatus.] Unexpected. [Obs.] Inexpectedly In`ex*pect"ed*ly, adv. Unexpectedly. [Obs.] Inexpectedness In`ex*pect"ed*ness, n. Unexpectedness. [Obs.] Inexpedience, Inexpediency In`ex*pe"di*ence (?), In`ex*pe"di*en*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being inexpedient; want of fitness; unsuitableness to the end or object; impropriety; as, the inexpedience of some measures. It is not the rigor but the inexpediency of laws and acts of authority which makes them tyrannical. Paley. Inexpedient In`ex*pe"di*ent (?), a. Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to the end desired; inadvisable; unfit; improper; unsuitable to time and place; as, what is expedient at one time may be inexpedient at another. If it was not unlawful, yet it was highly inexpedient to use those ceremonies. Bp. Burnet. Syn. -- Unwise; impolitic; imprudent; indiscreet; unprofitable; inadvisable; disadvantageous. Inexpediently In`ex*pe"di*ent*ly (?), adv. Not Inexpensive In`ex*pen"sive (?), a. Not expensive; cheap. Inexperience In`ex*pe"ri*ence (?), n. [L. inexperientia, cf. F. inexp\'82rience. See In- not, and Experience.] Absence or want of experience; lack of personal and experimental knowledge; as, the inexperience of youth. Failings which are incident to youth and inexperience. Dryden. Prejudice and self-sufficiency naturally proceed from inexperience of the world, and ignorance of mankind. Addison. Inexperienced In`ex*pe"ri*enced (?), a. Not having experience unskilled. "Inexperienced youth." Cowper. Inexpert In`ex*pert" (?), a. [L. inexpertus inexperienced: cf. F. inexpert. See In- not, and Expert.] 1. Destitute of experience or of much experience. [Obs.] Milton. 2. Not expert; not skilled; destitute of knowledge or dexterity derived from practice. Akenside. Inexpertness In`ex*pert"ness, n. Want of expertness or skill. Inexpiable In*ex"pi*a*ble (?), a. [L. inexpiabilis: cf. F. inexpiable. See In- not, and Expiable.] 1. Admitting of no expiation, atonement, or satisfaction; as, an inexpiable crime or offense. Pomfret. 2. Incapable of being mollified or appeased; relentless; implacable. [Archaic] "Inexpiable hate." Milton. They are at inexpiable war with all establishments. Burke. Inexpiableness In*ex"pi*a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being inexpiable. Inexpiably In*ex"pi*a*bly, adv. In an inexpiable manner of degree; to a degree that admits of no atonement. Inexpiate In*ex"pi*ate (?), a. [L. inexpiatus. See In- not, and Expiate.] Not appeased or placated. [Obs.] To rest inexpiate were much too rude a part. Chapman. Inexplainable In`ex*plain"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + explainable; cf. L. inexplanabilis.] Incapable of being explained; inexplicable. Inexpleably In*ex"ple*a*bly (?), adv. [Cf. L. inexplebilis; pref. in- not + explere to fill up. See Expletion.] Insatiably. [Obs.] Sandys. Inexplicability In*ex`pli*ca*bil"i*ty, n. [Cf. F. inexplicabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inexplicable. H. Spencer. Inexplicable In*ex"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [L. inexplicabilis: cf. F. inexplicable. See In- not, and Explicable.] Not explicable; not explainable; incapable of being explained, interpreted, or accounted for; as, an inexplicable mystery. "An inexplicable scratching." Cowper. Their reason is disturbed; their views become vast and perplexed, to others inexplicable, to themselves uncertain. Burke. Inexplicableness In*ex"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. A state of being inexplicable; inexplicability. Inexplicably In*ex"pli*ca*bly, adv. In an inexplicable manner. Inexplicit In`ex*plic"it (?), a. [L. inexplicitus: cf. F. inexplicite. See In- not, and Explicit.] Not explicit; not clearly stated; indefinite; vague. Inexplorable In`ex*plor"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being explored, searched out, or discovered. Sir G. Buck. Inexplosive In`ex*plo"sive (?), a. Not explosive. Inexposure In`ex*po"sure (?; 135), n. A state of not being exposed. Inexpressible In`ex*press"i*ble (?), a. Not capable of expression or utterance in language; ineffable; unspeakable; indescribable; unutterable; as, inexpressible grief or pleasure. "Inexpressible grandeur." Blair. In orbs Of circuit inexpressible they stood. Milton. Inexpressibles In`ex*press"i*bles (?), n. pl. Breeches; trousers. [Colloq. or Slang] <-- = unmentionables; underwear, esp. women's --> Ld. Lytton. Inexpressibly In`ex*press"i*bly, adv. In an inexpressible manner or degree; unspeakably; unutterably. Spectator. Inexpressive In`ex*press"ive (?), a. 1. Inexpressible. [R.] 2. Without expression or meaning; not expressive; dull; unintelligent; as, an inexpressive countenance. Inexpressiveness In`ex*press"ive*ness, n. The state or quality of being inexpressive. Inexpugnable In`ex*pug"na*ble (?), a. [L. inexpugnabilis: cf. F. inexpugnable. See In- not, and Expugnable.] Incapable of being subdued by force; impregnable; unconquerable. Burke. A fortress, inexpugnable by the arts of war. Milman. Inexpugnably In`ex*pug"na*bly, adv. So as to be inexpugnable; in an inexpugnable manner. Dr. H. More. Inexsuperable In`ex*su"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. inexsuperabilis; pref. in- not + exsuperabilis that may be surmounted. See In- not, Ex-, and Superable.] Not capable of being passed over; insuperable; insurmountable. Inextended In`ex*tend"ed (?), a. Not extended. Inextensible In`ex*ten"si*ble (?), a. Not capable of being extended; not elastic; as, inextensible fibers. Inextension In`ex*ten"sion (?), n. Want of extension; unextended state. Inexterminable In`ex*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. inexterminabilis. See In- not, and Exterminate.] Incapable of extermination. Rush. Inextinct In`ex*tinct" (?), a. [L. inextinctus, inexstinctus. See Extinct.] Not quenched; not extinct. Inextinguible In`ex*tin"gui*ble (?), a. [L. inexstinguibilis: cf. F, inextinguible. See Inextinct.] Inextinguishable. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Inextinguishable In`ex*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being extinguished; extinguishable; unquenchable; as, inextinguishable flame, light, thirst, desire, feuds. "Inextinguishable rage." Milton. Inextinguishably In`ex*tin"guish*a*bly, adv. So as not to be extinguished; in an inextinguishable manner. Inextirpable In`ex*tir"pa*ble (?), a. [L. inexstirpabilis: cf. F. inextirpable. See In- not, and Extirpate.] Not capable of being extirpated or rooted out; ineradicable. Inextricable In*ex"tri*ca*ble (?), a. [L. inextricabilis: cf. F. inextricable. See In- not, and Extricate.] 1. Incapable of being extricated, untied, or disentangled; hopelessly intricate, confused, or obscure; as, an inextricable knot or difficulty; inextricable confusion. Lost in the wild, inextricable maze. Blackmore. 2. Inevitable. [R.] "Fate inextricable." Milton. ______________________________________________________________ Page 758 Inextricableness In*ex"tri*ca*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being inextricable. Inextricably In*ex"tri*ca*bly, adv. In an inextricable manner. Ineye In*eye" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ineyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ineyeing.] [Pref. in- in + eye.] To ingraft, as a tree or plant, by the insertion of a bud or eye; to inoculate. The arts of grafting and ineying. J. Philips. Infabricated In*fab"ri*ca`ted (?), a. Not fabricated; unwrought; not artificial; natural. [Obs.] Infallibilist In*fal"li*bil*ist (?), n. One who accepts or maintains the dogma of papal infallibility. Infallibility In*fal`li*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. infaillibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being infallible, or exempt from error; inerrability. Infallibility is the highest perfection of the knowing faculty. Tillotson. Papal infallibility (R. C. Ch.), the dogma that the pope can not, when acting in his official character of supreme pontiff, err in defining a doctrine of Christian faith or rule of morals, to be held by the church. This was decreed by the Ecumenical Council at the Vatican, July 18, 1870. Infallible In*fal"li*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + fallible: cf. F. infallible.] 1. Not fallible; not capable of erring; entirely exempt from liability to mistake; unerring; inerrable. Dryden. 2. Not liable to fail, deceive, or disappoint; indubitable; sure; certain; as, infallible evidence; infallible success; an infallible remedy. To whom also he showed himself alive, after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts i. 3. 3. (R. C. Ch.) Incapable of error in defining doctrines touching faith or morals. See Papal infallibility, under Infallibility. Infallibleness In*fal"li*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being infallible; infallibility. Bp. Hall. Infallibly In*fal"li*bly, adv. In an infallible manner; certainly; unfailingly; unerringly. Blair. Infame In*fame" (?), v. t. [L. infamare, fr. infamis infamous: cf. F. infamer, It. infamare. See Infamous.] To defame; to make infamous. [Obs.] Milton. Livia is infamed for the poisoning of her husband. Bacon. Infamize In"fa*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infamized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infamizing (?).] To make infamous; to defame. [R.] Coleridge. Infamous In"fa*mous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + famous: cf. L. infamis. See Infamy.] 1. Of very bad report; having a reputation of the worst kind; held in abhorrence; guilty of something that exposes to infamy; base; notoriously vile; detestable; as, an infamous traitor; an infamous perjurer. False errant knight, infamous, and forsworn. Spenser. 2. Causing or producing infamy; deserving detestation; scandalous to the last degree; as, an infamous act; infamous vices; infamous corruption. Macaulay. 3. (Law) Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime; as, at common law, an infamous person can not be a witness. 4. Having a bad name as being the place where an odious crime was committed, or as being associated with something detestable; hence, unlucky; perilous; dangerous. "Infamous woods." P. Fletcher. Infamous hills, and sandy perilous wilds. Milton. The piny shade More infamous by cursed Lycaon made. Dryden. Syn. -- Detestable; odious; scandalous; disgraceful; base; vile; shameful; ignominious. Infamously In"fa*mous*ly, adv. In an infamous manner or degree; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully. The sealed fountain of royal bounty which had been infamously monopolized and huckstered. Burke. Infamousness In"fa*mous*ness, n. The state or quality of being infamous; infamy. Infamy In"fa*my (?), n.; pl. Infamies (#). [L. infamia, fr. infamis infamous; pref. in- not + fama fame: cf. F. infamie. See Fame.] 1. Total loss of reputation; public disgrace; dishonor; ignominy; indignity. The afflicted queen would not yield, and said she would not . . . submit to such infamy. Bp. Burnet. 2. A quality which exposes to disgrace; extreme baseness or vileness; as, the infamy of an action. 3. (Law) That loss of character, or public disgrace, which a convict incurs, and by which he is at common law rendered incompetent as a witness. <-- Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 -- a day which will live in infamy, . . . [Roosevelt] --> Infancy In"fan*cy (?), n. [L. infantia: cf. F. enfance. See Infant.] 1. The state or period of being an infant; the first part of life; early childhood. The babe yet lies in smiling infancy. Milton. Their love in early infancy began. Dryden. 2. The first age of anything; the beginning or early period of existence; as, the infancy of an art. The infancy and the grandeur of Rome. Arbuthnot. 3. (Law) The state or condition of one under age, or under the age of twenty-one years; nonage; minority. Infandous In*fan"dous (?), a. [L. infandus; pref. in- not + fari to speak.] Too odious to be expressed or mentioned. [Obs.] Howell. Infangthef In*fang"thef (?), n. [AS. in-fangen-pe\'a2f; in in, into + fangen taken (p. p. of f to take) + pe\'a2f thief.] (O. Eng. Law) The privilege granted to lords of certain manors to judge thieves taken within the seigniory of such lords. Cowell. Infant In"fant (?), n. [L. infans; pref. in- not +fari to speak: cf. F. enfant, whence OE. enfaunt. See Fame, and cf. Infante, Infanta.] 1. A child in the first period of life, beginning at his birth; a young babe; sometimes, a child several years of age. And tender cries of infants pierce the ear. C. Pitt. 2. (Law) A person who is not of full age, or who has not attained the age of legal capacity; a person under the age of twenty-one years; a minor. NOTE: &hand; An in fant un der se ven ye ars of age is not penally responsible; between seven and fourteen years of age, he may be convicted of a malicious offense if malice be proved. He becomes of age on the day preceding his twenty-first birthday, previous to which time an infant has no capacity to contract. 3. Same as Infante. [Obs.] Spenser. Infant In"fant (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to infancy, or the first period of life; tender; not mature; as, infant strength. 2. Intended for young children; as, an infant school. Infant In"fant, v. t. [Cf. F. enfanter.] To bear or bring forth, as a child; hence, to produce, in general. [Obs.] This worthy motto, "No bishop, no king," is . . . infanted out of the same fears. Milton. Infanta In*fan"ta (?), n. [Sp. & Pg., fem. of infante. See Infante.] A title borne by every one of the daughters of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the eldest. Infante In*fan"te (?), n. [Sp. & Pg. See Infant.] A title given to every one of sons of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the eldest or heir apparent. Infanthood In"fant*hood (?), n. Infancy. [R.] Infanticidal In*fan"ti*ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to infanticide; engaged in, or guilty of, child murder. Infanticide In*fan"ti*cide (?), n. [L. infanticidium child murder; infans, -antis, child + caedere to kill: cf. F. infanticide. See Infant, and Homicide.] The murder of an infant born alive; the murder or killing of a newly born or young child; child murder. Infanticide In*fan"ti*cide, n. [L. infanticida: cf. F. infanticide.] One who commits the crime of infanticide; one who kills an infant. Infantile In"fan*tile (?; 277), a. [L. infantilis: cf. F. infantile. See Infant.] Of or pertaining to infancy, or to an infant; similar to, or characteristic of, an infant; childish; as, infantile behavior. Infantine In"fan*tine (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. enfantin.] Infantile; childish. A degree of credulity next infantine. Burke. Infantlike In"fant*like` (?), a. Like an infant. Shak. Infantly In"fant*ly, a. Like an infant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Infantry In"fan*try (?), n. [F. infanterie, It. infanteria, fr. infante infant, child, boy servant, foot soldier, fr. L. infans, -antis, child; foot soldiers being formerly the servants and followers of knights. See Infant.] 1. A body of children. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. (Mil.) A body of soldiers serving on foot; foot soldiers, in distinction from cavalry. Infarce In*farce" (?), v. t. [L. infarcire: pref. in- in + farcire, fartum and farctum, to stuff, cram.] To stuff; to swell. [Obs.] The body is infarced with . . . watery humors. Sir T. Elyot. Infarction In*farc"tion (?), n. [See Infarce.] The act of stuffing or filling; an overloading and obstruction of any organ or vessel of the body; constipation. Infare In"fare` (?), n. [AS. inf\'91r entrance.] A house-warming; especially, a reception, party, or entertainment given by a newly married couple, or by the husband upon receiving the wife to his house. [Written also infair.] [Scot., & Local, U. S.] Infashionable In*fash"ion*a*ble, a. Unfashionable. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Infatigable In*fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. infatigabilis: cf. F. infatigable.] Indefatigable. [Obs.] Daniel. Infatuate In*fat"u*ate (?; 135), a. [L. infatuatus, p. p. of infatuare to infatuate; pref. in- in + fatuus foolish. See Fatuous.] Infatuated. Bp. Hall. Infatuate In*fat"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infatuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infatuating.] 1. To make foolish; to affect with folly; to weaken the intellectual powers of, or to deprive of sound judgment. The judgment of God will be very visible in infatuating a people . . . ripe and prepared for destruction. Clarendon. 2. To inspire with a foolish and extravagant passion; as, to be infatuated with gaming. The people are . . . infatuated with the notion. Addison. Infatuated In*fat"u*a`ted (?), a. Overcome by some foolish passion or desire; affected by infatuation. Infatuation In*fat`u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. infatuatio: cf. F. infatuation.] The act of infatuating; the state of being infatuated; folly; that which infatuates. The infatuations of the sensual and frivolous part of mankind are amazing; but the infatuations of the learned and sophistical are incomparably more so. I. Taylor. Such is the infatuation of self-love. Blair. Infaust In*faust" (?), a. [L. infaustus; pref. in- not + faustus fortunate, lucky.] Not favorable; unlucky; unpropitious; sinister. [R.] Ld. Lytton. Infausting In*faust"ing (?), n. The act of making unlucky; misfortune; bad luck. [Obs.] Bacon. Infeasibility In*fea`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being infeasible; impracticability. Infeasible In*fea"si*ble (?), a. Not capable of being done or accomplished; impracticable. Glanvill. Infeasibleness In*fea"si*ble*ness, n. The state of quality of being infeasible; infeasibility. W. Montagu. Infect In*fect" (?), a. [L. infectus: cf. F. infect. See Infect, v. t.] Infected. Cf. Enfect. [Obs.] Shak. Infect In*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infected; p. pr. & vb. n. Infecting.] [L. infectus, p. p. of inficere to put or dip into, to stain, infect; pref. in- in + facere to make; cf. F. infecter. See Fact.] 1. To taint with morbid matter or any pestilential or noxious substance or effluvium by which disease is produced; as, to infect a lancet; to infect an apartment. 2. To affect with infectious disease; to communicate infection to; as, infected with the plague. Them that were left alive being infected with this disease. Sir T. North. 3. To communicate to or affect with, as qualities or emotions, esp. bad qualities; to corrupt; to contaminate; to taint by the communication of anything noxious or pernicious. Cowper. Infected Ston's daughters with like heat. Milton. 4. (Law) To contaminate with illegality or to expo Syn. -- To poison; vitiate; pollute; defile. Infecter In*fect"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infects. Infectible In*fect"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being infected. Infection In*fec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. infection, L. infectio a dyeing.] 1. The act or process of infecting. There was a strict order against coming to those pits, and that was only to prevent infection. De Foe. 2. That which infects, or causes the communicated disease; any effluvium, miasm, or pestilential matter by which an infectious disease is caused. And that which was still worse, they that did thus break out spread the infection further by their wandering about with the distemper upon them. De Foe. 3. The state of being infected; contamination by morbific particles; the result of infecting influence; a prevailing disease; epidemic. The danger was really very great, the infection being so very violent in London. De Foe. 4. That which taints or corrupts morally; as, the infection of vicious principles. It was her chance to light Amidst the gross infections of those times. Daniel. 5. (Law) Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contraband goods; implication. 6. Sympathetic communication of like qualities or emotions; influence. Through all her train the soft infection ran. Pope. Mankind are gay or serious by infection. Rambler. Syn. -- Infection, Contagion. -- Infection is often used in a definite and limited sense of the transmission of affections without direct contact of individuals or immediate application or introduction of the morbific agent, in contradistinction to contagion, which then implies transmission by direct contact. Quain. See Contagious. Infectious In*fec"tious (?), a. [Cf. F. infectieux.] 1. Having qualities that may infect; communicable or caused by infection; pestilential; epidemic; as, an infectious fever; infectious clothing; infectious air; infectious vices. Where the infectious pestilence. Shak. 2. Corrupting, or tending to corrupt or contaminate; vitiating; demoralizing. It [the court] is necessary for the polishing of manners . . . but it is infectious even to the best morals to live always in it. Dryden. 3. (Law) Contaminating with illegality; exposing to seizure and forfeiture. Contraband articles are said to be of an infectious nature. Kent. 4. Capable of being easily diffused or spread; sympathetic; readily communicated; as, infectious mirth. The laughter was so genuine as to be infectious. W. Black. Syn. -- See Contagious. Infectiously In*fec"tious*ly, adv. In an infectious manner. Shak. Infectiousness In*fec"tious*ness, n. The quality of being infectious. Infective In*fect"ive (?), a. [L. infectivus pertaining to dyeing.] Infectious. Beau. & Fl. True love . . . hath an infective power. Sir P. Sidney. Infecund In*fec"und (?), a. [L. infecundus: cf. F. inf\'82cond. See In- not, and Fecund.] Unfruitful; not producing young; barren; infertile. [Obs.] Evelyn. Infecundity In`fe*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. infecunditas: cf. F. inf\'82condit\'82.] Want of fecundity or fruitfulness; barrenness; sterility; unproductiveness. Infecundous In`fe*cun"dous (?), a. [See Infecund.] Infertile; barren; unprofitable; unproductive. [Obs.] Glanvill. Infeeble In*fee"ble (?), v. t. See Enfeeble. Infelicitous In`fe*lic"i*tous (?), a. Not felicitous; unhappy; unfortunate; not fortunate or appropriate in application; not well said, expressed, or done; as, an infelicitous condition; an infelicitous remark; an infelicitous description; infelicitous words. Infelicity In`fe*lic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infelicities (#). [L. infelicitas: cf. F. inf\'82licit\'82. See In- not, and Felicity.] 1. The state or quality of being infelicitous; unhappiness; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; want of suitableness or appropriateness. I. Watts. Whatever is the ignorance and infelicity of the present state, we were made wise and happy. Glanvill. 2. That (as an act, word, expression, etc.) which is infelicitous; as, infelicities of speech. Infelonious In`fe*lo"ni*ous (?), a. Not felonious, malignant, or criminal. G. Eliot. Infelt In"felt` (?), a. [Pref. in- in + felt.] Felt inwardly; heartfelt. [R.] The baron stood afar off, or knelt in submissive, acknowledged, infelt inferiority. Milman. Infeodation In`feo*da"tion (?), n. (Law) See Infeudation. Infeoff In*feoff" (?), v. t. (Law) See Enfeoff. Infeoffment In*feoff"ment (?), n. (Law) See Enfeoffment. Infer In*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inferring.] [L. inferre to bring into, bring forward, occasion, infer; pref. in- in + ferre to carry, bring: cf. F. inf\'82rer. See 1 st Bear.] 1. To bring on; to induce; to occasion. [Obs.] Harvey. 2. To offer, as violence. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To bring forward, or employ as an argument; to adduce; to allege; to offer. [Obs.] Full well hath Clifford played the orator, Inferring arguments of mighty force. Shak. 4. To derive by deduction or by induction; to conclude or surmise from facts or premises; to accept or derive, as a consequence, conclusion, or probability; to imply; as, I inferred his determination from his silence. To infer is nothing but by virtue of one proposition laid down as true, to draw in another as true. Locke. Such opportunities always infer obligations. Atterbury. 5. To show; to manifest; to prove. [Obs.] The first part is not the proof of the second, but rather contrariwise, the second inferreth well the first. Sir T. More. This doth infer the zeal I had to see him. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 759 Inferable In*fer"a*ble (?; 277), a. Capable of being inferred or deduced from premises. [Written also inferrible.] H. Spencer. A sufficient argument . . . is inferable from these premises. Burke. Inference In"fer*ence (?), n. [From Infer.] 1. The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction. Though it may chance to be right in the conclusions, it is yet unjust and mistaken in the method of inference. Glanvill. 2. That which inferred; a truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion; a deduction. Milton. These inferences, or conclusions, are the effects of reasoning, and the three propositions, taken all together, are called syllogism, or argument. I. Watts. Syn. -- Conclusion; deduction; consequence. -- Inference, Conclusion. An inference is literally that which is brought in; and hence, a deduction or induction from premises, -- something which follows as certainly or probably true. A conclusion is stronger than an inference; it shuts us up to the result, and terminates inquiry. We infer what is particular or probable; we conclude what is certain. In a chain of reasoning we have many inferences, which lead to the ultimate conclusion. "An inference is a proposition which is perceived to be true, because of its connection with some known fact." "When something is simply affirmed to be true, it is called a proposition; after it has been found to be true by several reasons or arguments, it is called a conclusion." I. Taylor. Inferential In`fer*en"tial (?), a. Deduced or deducible by inference. "Inferential proofs." J. S. Mill. Inferentially In`fer*en"tial*ly, adv. By way of inference. Inferi\'91 In*fe"ri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [L., fr. inferus underneath.] (Rom. Antiq.) Sacrifices offered to the souls of deceased heroes or friends. Inferior In*fe"ri*or (?), a. [L., compar. of inferus that is below, underneath, the lower; akin to E. under: cf. F. inf\'82rieur. See Under.] 1. Lower in place, rank, excellence, etc.; less important or valuable; subordinate; underneath; beneath. A thousand inferior and particular propositions. I. Watts. The body, or, as some love to call it, our inferior nature. Burke. Whether they are equal or inferior to my other poems, an author is the most improper judge. Dryden. 2. Poor or mediocre; as, an inferior quality of goods. 3. (Astron.) (a) Nearer the sun than the earth is; as, the inferior or interior planets; an inferior conjunction of Mercury or Venus. (b) Below the horizon; as, the inferior part of a meridian, 4. (Bot.) (a) Situated below some other organ; -- said of a calyx when free from the ovary, and therefore below it, or of an ovary with an adherent and therefore inferior calyx. (b) On the side of a flower which is next the bract; anterior. 5. (Min.) Junior or subordinate in rank; as, an inferior officer. Inferior court (Law), a court subject to the jurisdiction of another court known as the superior, or higher, court. -- Inferior letter, Inferior figure (Print.), a small letter or figure standing at the bottom of the line (opposed to superior letter or figure), as in A2, Bn, 2 and n are inferior characters. -- Inferior tide, the tide corresponding to the moon's transit of the meridian, when below the horizon. Inferior In*fe"ri*or, n. A person lower in station, rank, intellect, etc., than another. A great person gets more by obliging his inferior than by disdaining him. South. Inferiority In*fe`ri*or"i*ty (?), [Cf. F. inf\'82riorit\'82.] The state of being inferior; a lower state or condition; as, inferiority of rank, of talents, of age, of worth. A deep sense of our own great inferiority. Boyle. Inferiorly In*fe"ri*or*ly (?), adv. In an inferior manner, or on the inferior part. Infernal In*fer"nal (?), a. [F. infernal, L. infernalis, fr. infernus that which lies beneath, the lower. See Inferior.] 1. Of or pertaining to or suitable for the lower regions, inhabited, according to the ancients, by the dead; pertaining to Pluto's realm of the dead, the Tartarus of the ancients. The Elysian fields, the infernal monarchy. Garth. 2. Of or pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting, hell; suitable for hell, or to the character of the inhabitants of hell; hellish; diabolical; as, infernal spirits, or conduct. The instruments or abettors in such infernal dealings. Addison. Infernal machine, a machine or apparatus maliciously designed to explode, and destroy life or property. -- Infernal stone (lapis infernalis), lunar caustic; formerly so called. The name was also applied to caustic potash. Syn. -- Tartarean; Stygian; hellish; devilish; diabolical; satanic; fiendish; malicious. Infernal In*fer"nal, n. An inhabitant of the infernal regions; also, the place itself. [Obs.] Drayton. Infernally In*fer"nal*ly, adv. In an infernal manner; diabolically. "Infernally false." Bp. Hacket. Inferobranchian In`fe*ro*bran"chi*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Inferobranchiata. Inferobranchiata In`fe*ro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Inferobranchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of marine gastropod mollusks, in which the gills are between the foot and the mantle. Inferobranchiate In`fe*ro*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. inferus lower + E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the gills on the sides of the body, under the margin of the mantle; belonging to the Inferobranchiata. Inferrible In*fer"ri*ble (?), a. Inferable. Infertile In*fer"tile (?), a. [L. infertilis: cf. F. infertile. See In- not, and Fertile.] Not fertile; not productive; barren; sterile; as, an infertile soil. Infertilely In*fer"tile*ly, adv. In an infertile manner. Infertility In`fer*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. infertilitas: cf. F. infertilit\'82.] The state or quality of being infertile; unproductiveness; barrenness. The infertility or noxiousness of the soil. Sir M. Hale. Infest In*fest" (?), a. [L. infestus. See Infest, v. t.] Mischievous; hurtful; harassing. [Obs.] Spenser. Infest In*fest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infested; p. pr. & vb. n. Infesting.] [L. infestare, fr. infestus disturbed, hostile, troublesome; in in, against + the root of defendere: cf. F. infester. See Defend.] To trouble greatly by numbers or by frequency of presence; to disturb; to annoy; to frequent and molest or harass; as, fleas infest dogs and cats; a sea infested with pirates. To poison vermin that infest his plants. Cowper. These, said the genius, are envy, avarice, superstition, love, with the like cares and passions that infest human life. Addison. And the cares, that infest the day, Shall fold their tents, like the Arabs, And as silently steal away. Longfellow. Infesttation In`fest*ta"tion (?), n. [L. infestatio: cf. F. infestation.] The act of infesting or state of being infested; molestation; vexation; annoyance. Bacon. Free from the infestation of enemies. Donne. Infester In*fest"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infests. Infestive In*fest"ive (?), a. [L. infestivus. See In- not, and Festive.] Having no mirth; not festive or merry; dull; cheerless; gloomy; forlorn. [R.] Infestivity In`fes*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Want of festivity, cheerfulness, or mirth; dullness; cheerlessness. [R.] Infestuous In*fes"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. infestus. See Infest, a.] Mischievous; harmful; dangerous. [Obs.] "Infestuous as serpents." Bacon. Infeudation In`feu*da"tion (?), n. [LL. infeudatio, fr. infeudare to enfeoff: cf. F. inf\'82odation. See Feud a fief.] 1. (Law) The act of putting one in possession of an estate in fee. Sir M. Hale. 2. The granting of tithes to laymen. Blackstone. Infibulation In*fib`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. infibulare, infibulatum, to clasp, buckle, or button together; pref. in- in + fibula clasp, buckle: cf. F. infibulation.] 1. The act of clasping, or fastening, as with a buckle or padlock. 2. The act of attaching a ring, clasp, or frame, to the genital organs in such a manner as to prevent copulation. Infidel In"fi*del (?), a. [L. infidelis; pref. in- not + fidelis faithful, fr. fides faith: cf. F. infid\'8ale. See Fidelity.] Not holding the faith; -- applied esp. to one who does not believe in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the supernatural origin of Christianity. The infidel writer is a great enemy to society. V. Knox. Infidel In"fi*del, n. One who does not believe in the prevailing religious faith; especially, one who does not believe in the divine origin and authority of Christianity; a Mohammedan; a heathen; a freethinker. NOTE: &hand; In fidel is us ed by English writers to translate the equivalent word used Mohammedans in speaking of Christians and other disbelievers in Mohammedanism. Syn. -- Infidel, Unbeliever, Freethinker, Deist, Atheist, Sceptic, Agnostic. An infidel, in common usage, is one who denies Christianity and the truth of the Scriptures. Some have endeavored to widen the sense of infidel so as to embrace atheism and every form of unbelief; but this use does not generally prevail. A freethinker is now only another name for an infidel. An unbeliever is not necessarily a disbeliever or infidel, because he may still be inquiring after evidence to satisfy his mind; the word, however, is more commonly used in the extreme sense. A deist believes in one God and a divine providence, but rejects revelation. An atheist denies the being of God. A sceptic is one whose faith in the credibility of evidence is weakened or destroyed, so that religion, to the same extent, has no practical hold on his mind. An agnostic remains in a state of suspended judgment, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity. Infidelity In`fi*del"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infidelities (. [L. infidelitas: cf. F. infid\'82lit\'82.] 1. Want of faith or belief in some religious system; especially, a want of faith in, or disbelief of, the inspiration of the Scriptures, of the divine origin of Christianity. There is, indeed, no doubt but that vanity is one of the principal causes of infidelity. V. Knox. 2. Unfaithfulness to the marriage vow or contract; violation of the marriage covenant by adultery. 3. Breach of trust; unfaithfulness to a charge, or to moral obligation; treachery; deceit; as, the infidelity of a servant. "The infidelity of friends." Sir W. Temple. Infield In*field" (?), v. t. To inclose, as a field. [R.] Infield In"field` (?), n. 1. Arable and manured land kept continually under crop; -- distinguished from outfield. [Scotland] Jamieson. 2. (Baseball) The diamond; -- opposed to outfield. See Diamond, n., 5. Infile In*file" (?), v. t. To arrange in a file or rank; to place in order. [Obs.] Holland. Infilm In*film" (?), v. t. To cover with a film; to coat thinly; as, to infilm one metal with another in the process of gilding; to infilm the glass of a mirror. [R.] Infilter In*fil"ter (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Infiltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Infiltering.] [Cf. Infiltrate.] To filter or sift in. Infiltrate In*fil"trate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Infiltrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infiltrating (?).] [Pref. in- + filtrate: cf. F, s'infiltrer. Cf. Infilter.] To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a substance; to filter into or through something. The water infiltrates through the porous rock. Addison. Infiltrate In*fil"trate, v. t. To penetrate gradually; -- sometimes used reflexively. J. S. Mill. Infiltration In`fil*tra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. infiltration.] 1. The act or process of infiltrating, as if water into a porous substance, or of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part of the body. 2. The substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body. Addison. Calcareous infiltrations filling the cavities. Kirwan. Fatty infiltration. (Med.) See under Fatty. -- Infiltration gallery, a filter gallery. Infiltrative In*fil"tra*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to infiltration. Kane. Infinite In"fi*nite (?), a. [L. infinitus: cf. F. infini. See In- not, and Finite.] 1. Unlimited or boundless, in time or space; as, infinite duration or distance. Whatever is finite, as finite, will admit of no comparative relation with infinity; for whatever is less than infinite is still infinitely distant from infinity; and lower than infinite distance the lowest or least can not sink. H. Brooke. 2. Without limit in power, capacity, knowledge, or excellence; boundless; immeasurably or inconceivably great; perfect; as, the infinite wisdom and goodness of God; -- opposed to finite. Great is our Lord, and of great power; his understanding is infinite. Ps. cxlvii. 5. O God, how infinite thou art! I. Watts. 3. Indefinitely large or extensive; great; vast; immense; gigantic; prodigious. Infinite riches in a little room. Marlowe. Which infinite calamity shall cause To human life. Milton. 4. (Math.) Greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind; -- said of certain quantities. 5. (Mus.) Capable of endless repetition; -- said of certain forms of the canon, called also perpetual fugues, so constructed that their ends lead to their beginnings, and the performance may be incessantly repeated. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Syn. -- Boundless; immeasurable; illimitable; interminable; limitless; unlimited; endless; eternal. Infinite In"fi*nite, n. 1. That which is infinite; boundless space or duration; infinity; boundlessness. Not till the weight is heaved from off the air, and the thunders roll down the horizon, will the serene light of God flow upon us, and the blue infinite embrace us again. J. Martineau. 2. (Math.) An infinite quantity or magnitude. 3. An infinity; an incalculable or very great number. Glittering chains, embroidered richly o'er With infinite of pearls and finest gold. Fanshawe. 4. The Infinite Being; God; the Almighty. Infinitely In"fi*nite*ly, adv. 1. Without bounds or limits; beyond or below assignable limits; as, an infinitely large or infinitely small quantity. 2. Very; exceedingly; vastly; highly; extremely. "Infinitely pleased." Dryden. Infiniteness In"fi*nite*ness, n. The state or quality of being infinite; infinity; greatness; immensity. Jer. Taylor. Infinitesimal In`fin*i*tes"i*mal (?), a. [Cf. F. infinit\'82simal, fr. infinit\'82sime infinitely small, fr. L. infinitus. See Infinite, a.] Infinitely or indefinitely small; less than any assignable quantity or value; very small. Infinitesimal calculus, the different and the integral calculus, when developed according to the method used by Leibnitz, who regarded the increments given to variables as infinitesimal. Infinitesimal In`fin*i*tes"i*mal, n. (Math.) An infinitely small quantity; that which is less than any assignable quantity. Infinitesimally In`fin*i*tes"i*mal*ly, adv. By infinitesimals; in infinitely small quantities; in an infinitesimal degree. Infinitival In*fin`i*ti"val (?), a. Pertaining to the infinite mood. "Infinitival stems." Fitzed. Hall. Infinitive In*fin"i*tive (?), n. [L. infinitivus: cf. F. infinitif. See Infinite.] Unlimited; not bounded or restricted; undefined. Infinitive mood (Gram.), that form of the verb which merely names the action, and performs the office of a verbal noun. Some grammarians make two forms in English: (a) The simple form, as, speak, go, hear, before which to is commonly placed, as, to speak; to go; to hear. (b) The form of the imperfect participle, called the infinitive in -ing; as, going is as easy as standing. NOTE: With the auxiliary verbs may, can, must, might, could, would, and should, the simple infinitive is expressed without to; as, you may speak; they must hear, etc. The infinitive usually omits to with the verbs let, dare, do, bid, make, see, hear, need, etc.; as, let me go; you dare not tell; make him work; hear him talk, etc. NOTE: &hand; In Anglo-Saxon, the simple infinitive was not preceded by to (the sign of modern simple infinitive), but it had a dative form (sometimes called the gerundial infinitive) which was preceded by to, and was chiefly employed in expressing purpose. See Gerund, 2. NOTE: The g erundial e nding (-anne) not only took the same form as the simple infinitive (-an), but it was confounded with the present participle in -ende, or -inde (later -inge). Infinitive In*fin"i*tive, n. (Gram.) An infinitive form of the verb; a verb in the infinitive mood; the infinitive mood. Infinitive In*fin"i*tive, adv. (Gram.) In the manner of an infinitive mood. Infinito In`fi*ni"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Infinite; perpetual, as a canon whose end leads back to the beginning. See Infinite, a., 5. Infinitude In*fin"i*tude (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being infinite, or without limits; infiniteness. 2. Infinite extent; unlimited space; immensity; infinity. "I am who fill infinitude." Milton. As pleasing to the fancy, as speculations of eternity or infinitude are to the understanding. Addison. 3. Boundless number; countless multitude. "An infinitude of distinctions." Addison. Infinituple In*fin"i*tu`ple (?), a. [Cf. Quadruple.] Multipied an infinite number of times. [R.] Wollaston. Infinity In*fin"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infinities (#). [L. infinitas; pref. in- not + finis boundary, limit, end: cf. F. infinit\'82. See Finite.] 1. Unlimited extent of time, space, or quantity; eternity; boundlessness; immensity. Sir T. More. There can not be more infinities than one; for one of them would limit the other. Sir W. Raleigh. <-- now known to be false! -- See aleph null, etc.--> 2. Unlimited capacity, energy, excellence, or knowledge; as, the infinity of God and his perfections. Hooker. 3. Endless or indefinite number; great multitude; as an infinity of beauties. Broome. _________________________________________________________________ Page 760 _________________________________________________________________ Page 760 4. (Math.) A quantity greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind. NOTE: &hand; Ma thematically considered, infinity is always a limit of a variable quantity, resulting from a particular supposition made upon the varying element which enters it. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ). 5. (Geom.) That part of a line, or of a plane, or of space, which is infinitely distant. In modern geometry, parallel lines or planes are sometimes treated as lines or planes meeting at infinity. Circle at infinity, an imaginary circle at infinity, through which, in geometry of three dimensions, every sphere is imagined to pass. -- Circular points at infinity. See under Circular. Infirm In*firm" (?), a. [L.infirmus: cf.F.infirme. See In- not, and Firm, a.] 1. Not firm or sound; weak; feeble; as, an infirm body; an infirm constitution. A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man. Shak. 2. Weak of mind or will; irresolute; vacillating. "An infirm judgment." Burke. Infirm of purpose! Shak. 3. Not solid or stable; insecure; precarious. He who fixes on false principles treads or infirm ground. South. Syn. -- Debilitated; sickly; feeble; decrepit; weak; enfeebled; irresolute; vacillating; imbecile. Infirm In*firm", v. t. [L. infirmare : cf. F.infirmer.] To weaken; to enfeeble. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Infirmarian In`fir*ma"ri*an (?), n. A person dwelling in, or having charge of, an infirmary, esp. in a monastic institution. Infirmary In*firm"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Infirmaries (#). [Cf. OE. fermerie, OF. enfermerie, F. infirmerie, LL. infirmaria. See Infirm.] A hospital, or place where the infirm or sick are lodged and nursed gratuitously, or where out-patients are treated. Infirmative In*firm"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. infirmatif.] Weakening; annulling, or tending to make void. [Obs.] Infirmatory In*firm"a*to*ry (?), n. An infirmary. [Obs.] Infirmity In*firm"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infirmities (#). [L. infirmitas : cf. F. infirmite. See Infirm, a.] 1. The state of being infirm; feebleness; an imperfection or weakness; esp., an unsound, unhealthy, or debilitated state; a disease; a malady; as, infirmity of body or mind. 'T is the infirmity of his age. Shak. 2. A personal frailty or failing; foible; eccentricity; a weakness or defect. Will you be cured of your infirmity ? Shak. A friend should bear his friend's infirmities. Shak. The house has also its infirmities. Evelyn. Syn. -- Debility; imbecility; weakness; feebleness; failing; foible; defect; disease; malady. See Debility. Infirmly In*firm"ly, adv. In an infirm manner. Infirmness In*firm"ness, n. Infirmity; feebleness. Boyle. Infix In*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infixing.] [L. infixus, p.p of infigere to infix; pref. in- in + figere to fix: cf. F. infixer. See Fix.] 1. To set; to fasten or fix by piercing or thrusting in; as, to infix a sting, spear, or dart. Shak. The fatal dart a ready passage found, And deep within her heart infixed the wound. Dryden. 2. To implant or fix; to instill; to inculcate, as principles, thoughts, or instructions; as, to infix good principles in the mind, or ideas in the memory. Infix In"fix (?), n. Something infixed. [R.] Welsford. Inflame In*flame" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inflaming.] [OE. enflamen, OF. enflamer, F. enflammer, L. inflammare,inflammatum; pref.in- in + flammare to flame, fr.flamma flame. See Flame.] 1. To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn, flame, or glow. We should have made retreat By light of the inflamed fleet. Chapman. 2. Fig.: To kindle or intensify, as passion or appetite; to excite to an excessive or unnatural action or heat; as, to inflame desire. Though more,it seems, Inflamed with lust than rage. Milton. But, O inflame and fire our hearts. Dryden. 3. To provoke to anger or rage; to exasperate; to irritate; to incense; to enrage. It will inflame you; it will make you mad. Shak. 4. (Med.) To put in a state of inflammation; to produce morbid heat, congestion, or swelling, of; as, to inflame the eyes by overwork. 5. To exaggerate; to enlarge upon. [Obs.] A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy inflames his crimes. Addison. Syn. -- To provoke; fire; kindle; irritate; exasperate; incense; enrage; anger; excite; arouse. Inflame In*flame", v. i. To grow morbidly hot, congested, or painful; to become angry or incensed. Wiseman. Inflamed In*flamed" (?), p. a. 1. Set on fire; enkindled; heated; congested; provoked; exasperated. 2. (Her.) Represented as burning, or as adorned with tongues of flame. Inflamer In*flam"er (?n-fl\'bem\'b6?r), n. The person or thing that inflames. Addison. Inflammabillty In*flam"ma*bil"l*ty (?), n. [Cf.F. inflammabilite.] Susceptibility of taking fire readily; the state or quality of being inflammable. Inflammable In*flam"ma*ble (?), a. [CF. F. inflammable.] 1. Capable of being easily set fire; easily enkindled; combustible; as, inflammable oils or spirits. 2. Excitable; irritable; irascible; easily provoked; as, an inflammable temper. Inflammable air, the old chemical name for hydrogen. Inflammableness In*flam"ma*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inflammable; inflammability. Boyle. Inflammbly In*flam"mbly (?), adv. In an inflammable manner. Inflammation In*flam*ma"tion (?), n. [L. inflammatio: cf. F. inflammation. See Inflame.] 1. The act of inflaming, kindling, or setting on fire; also, the state of being inflamed. "The inflammation of fat." Wilkins. 2. (Med.) A morbid condition of any part of the body, consisting in congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain. 3. Violent excitement; heat; passion; animosity; turbulence; as, an inflammation of the mind, of the body politic, or of parties. Hooker. Inflammative In*flam"ma*tive (?), a. Inflammatory. Inflammatory In*flam"ma*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. inflammatoire.] 1. Tending to inflame, kindle, or irritate. 2. Tending to excite anger, animosity, tumult, or sedition; seditious; as, inflammatory libels, writings, speeches, or publications. Burke. 3. (Med.) Accompanied with, or tending to cause, preternatural heat and excitement of arterial action; as, an inflammatory disease. Inflammatory crust. (Med.) Same as Buffy coat, under Buffy. -- Inflammatory fever, a variety of fever due to inflammation. Inflatable In*flat"a*ble (?), a. That may be inflated. Inflate In*flate" (?), p. a. [L. inflatus, p.p. of inflare to inflate; pref. in- in + flare to blow. See Blow to puff wind.] Blown in; inflated. Chaucer. Inflate In*flate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflated; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflating.] 1. To swell or distend with air or gas; to dilate; to expand; to enlarge; as, to inflate a bladder; to inflate the lungs. When passion's tumults in the bosom rise, Inflate the features, and enrage the eyes. J. Scott of Amwell. 2. Fig.: To swell; to puff up; to elate; as, to inflate one with pride or vanity. Inflate themselves with some insane delight. Tennyson. 3. To cause to become unduly expanded or increased; as, to inflate the currency. Inflate In*flate", v. i. To expand; to fill; to distend. Inflated In*flat"ed (?), a. 1. Filled, as with air or gas; blown up; distended; as, a balloon inflated with gas. 2. Turgid; swelling; puffed up; bombastic; pompous; as, an inflated style. Inflated and astrut with self-conceit. Cowper. 3. (Bot.) Hollow and distended, as a perianth, corolla, nectary, or pericarp. Martyn. 4. Distended or enlarged fictitiously; as, inflated prices, etc. Inflater In*flat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inflates; as, the inflaters of the stock exchange. Inflatingly In*flat"ing*ly, adv. In a manner tending to inflate. Inflation In*fla"tion (?), n. [L. inflatio: cf. F. inflation.] 1. The act or process of inflating, or the state of being inflated, as with air or gas; distention; expansion; enlargement. Boyle. 2. The state of being puffed up, as with pride; conceit; vanity. B. Jonson. 3. Undue expansion or increase, from overissue; -- said of currency. [U.S.] Inflationist In*fla"tion*ist, n. One who favors an increased or very large issue of paper money. [U.S.] Inflatus In*fla"tus (?), n. [L. See Inflate, v. t.] A blowing or breathing into; inflation; inspiration. The divine breath that blows the nostrils out To ineffable inflatus. Mrs. Browning. Inflect In*flect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflecting.] [L. inflectere, inflexum; pref. in.- in + flectere to bend. See Flexibl, and cf. Inflex.] 1. To turn from a direct line or course; to bend; to incline, to deflect; to curve; to bow. Are they [the rays of the sun] not reflected, refracted, and inflected by one and the same principle ? Sir I. Newton. 2. (Gram.) To vary, as a noun or a verb in its terminations; to decline, as a noun or adjective, or to conjugate, as a verb. 3. To modulate, as the voice. Inflected In*flect"ed, a. 1. Bent; turned; deflected. 2. (Gram.) Having inflections; capable of, or subject to, inflection; inflective. Inflected cycloid (Geom.), a prolate cycloid. See Cycloid. Inflection In*flec"tion (?), n. [L. inflexio : cf. F. inflexion. See Inflect.] [Written also inflecxion.] 1. The act of inflecting, or the state of being inflected. 2. A bend; a fold; a curve; a turn; a twist. 3. A slide, modulation, or accent of the voice; as, the rising and the falling inflection. 4. (Gram.) The variation or change which words undergo to mark case, gender, number, comparison, tense, person, mood, voice, etc. 5. (Mus.) (a) Any change or modification in the pitch or tone of the voice. (b) A departure from the monotone, or reciting note, in chanting. 6. (Opt.) Same as Diffraction. Point of inflection (Geom.), the point on opposite sides of which a curve bends in contrary ways. Inflectional In*flec"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to inflection; having, or characterized by, inflection. Max M\'81ller. Inflective In*flect"ive (?), a. 1. Capable of, or pertaining to, inflection; deflecting; as, the inflective quality of the air. Derham. 2. (Gram.) Inflectional; characterized by variation, or change in form, to mark case, tense, etc.; subject to inflection. Inflective language (Philol.), a language like the Greek or Latin, consisting largely of stems with variable terminations or suffixes which were once independent words. English is both agglutinative, as, manlike, headache, and inflective, as, he, his, him. Cf. Agglutinative. Inflesh In*flesh" (?), v. t. To incarnate. Inflex In*flex" (?), v. t. [Cf. Flex, Inflect.] To bend; to cause to become curved; to make crooked; to deflect. J. Philips. Inflexed In*flexed" (?), a. 1. Turned; bent. Feltham. 2. (Bot.) Bent or turned abruptly inwards, or toward the axis, as the petals of a flower. Inflexibility In*flex"i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inflexibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inflexible, or not capable of being bent or changed; unyielding stiffness; inflexibleness; rigidity; firmness of will or purpose; unbending pertinacity; steadfastness; resoluteness; unchangeableness; obstinacy. The inflexibility of mechanism. A. Baxter. That grave inflexibility of soul. Churchill. The purity and inflexibility of their faith. T. Warton. Inflexible In*flex"i*ble (?), a. [L. inflexiblis: cf. F. inflexible. See In- not, and Flexible.] 1. Not capable of being bent; stiff; rigid; firm; unyielding. 2. Firm in will or purpose; not to be turned, changed, or altered; resolute; determined; unyieding; inexorable; stubborn. "Inflexibleas steel." Miltom. Amanof upright and inflexibletemper . . . can overcome all private fear. Addison. 3. Incapable of change; unalterable; immutable. The nature of things is inflexible. I. Watts. Syn. -- -- Unbending; unyielding; rigid; inexorable; pertinacious; obstinate; stubborn; unrelenting. Inflexibleness In*flex"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inflexible; inflexibility; rigidity; firmness. Inflexibly In*flex"i*bly, adv. In an inflexible manner. Inflexion In*flex"ion (?), n. Inflection. Inflexive In*flex"ive (?), a. 1. Inflective. "Inflexive endings." W. E. Jelf. 2. Inflexible. [R.] "Foes inflexive." Chapman. Inflexure In*flex"ure (?), n. An inflection; a bend or fold. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Inflict In*flict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflicting.] [L. inflictus, p.p. of infligere to strike on, to inflict; pref. in- in, on + fligere to strike. Cf. Flail.] To give, cause, or produce by striking, or as if by striking; to apply forcibly; to lay or impose; to send; to cause to bear, feel, or suffer; as, to inflict blows; to inflict a wound with a dagger; to inflict severe pain by ingratitude; to inflict punishment on an offender; to inflict the penalty of death on a criminal. What heart could wish, what hand inflict, this dire disgrace? Drygen. The persecution and the pain That man inflicts on infero-ior kinds. Cowper. Inflicter In*flict"er (?), n. One who inflicts. Godis the sole and immadiate inflicter of such strokes. South. Infliction In*flic"tion (?), n. [L. inflictio: cf. F. infliction.] 1. The act of inflicting or imposing; as, the infliction of torment, or of punishment. 2. That which is inflicted or imposed, as punishment, disgrace, calamity, etc. His severest inflictions are in themselves acts of justice and righteousness. Rogers. Inflictive In*flict"ive (?), a. [Cf.F. inflictif.] Causing infliction; acting as an infliction. Whitehead. Inflorescence In`flo*res"cence (?), n. [L. inflorescens, p.pr. of inflorescere to begin to blossom; pref. in- in + florescere to begin to blossom: cf.F. inflorescence. See Florescent.] 1. A flowering; the putting forth and unfolding of blossoms. 2. (Bot.) (a) The mode of flowering, or the general arrangement and disposition of the flowers with reference to the axis, and to each other. (b) An axis on which all the flower buds. Inflorescence affords an excellent characteristic mark in distinguishing the species of plants. Milne. Centrifugal inflorescence, determinate inflorescence. -- Centripetal inflorescence, indeterminate inflorescence. See under Determinate, and Indeterminate. Inflow In*flow" (?), v. i. To flow in. Wiseman. Influence In"flu*ence (?), n. [F. influence, fr. L. influens, -entis, p.pr. See Influent, and cf. Influenza.] 1. A flowing in or upon; influx. [Obs.] God hath his influence into the very essence of all things. Hooker. 2. Hence, in general, the bringing about of an effect, phusical or moral, by a gradual process; controlling power quietly exerted; agency, force, or tendency of any kind which the sun exerts on animal and vegetable life; the influence of education on the mind; the influence, according to astrologers,of the stars over affairs. Astrologers call the evil influences of the stars,evil aspects. Bacon. Cantsthou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion ? Job xxxviii. 31. She said : influence bad ?" Spenser. 3. Power or authority arising from elevated station, excelence of character or intellect, wealth, etc.; reputation; acknowledged ascendency; as, he is a man of influence in the community. Such influence hath your excellency. Sir P. Sidney. 4. (Elec.) Induction. Syn. -- Control; persuasion; ascendency; sway; power; authority; supremacy; mastery; management; restraint; character; reputation; prestige. Influence In"flu*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Influenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Influencing (?).] To control or move by power, physical or moral; to affect by gentle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to move; to persuade; to induce. Theseexperiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo as in the open air,and therefore are not influenced by the weight or pressure of the atmosphere. Sir I. Newton. This standing revelation . . . is sufficient to influence their faith and practice, if they attend. Attebury. The principle which influenced their obedience has lost its efficacy. Rogers. _________________________________________________________________ Page 761 Influencer In"flu*en*cer (?), n. One who, or that which, influences. Influencive In"flu*en*cive (?), a. Tending toinfluence; influential. Influent In"flu*ent (?), a. [L. influens, -entis, p. pr. of influere, influxum, to flow in; pref. in- in + fluere to flow. See Fluid.] 1. Flowing in. "With influent tide." Cowper. "Influent odors." Mrs. Browning. 2. Exerting influence; influential. [Obs.] I find no office by name assigned unto Dr.Cox, who was virtually influent upon all, and most active. Fuller. Inflential In`flen"tial (?), a. [See Influence.] Exerting or possessing influence or power; potent; efficacious; effective; strong; having authority or ascendency; as, an influential man, station, argument, etc. A very influential Gascon prefix. Earle. Influentially In`flu*en"tial*ly, adv. In an influential manner. Influenza In`flu*en"za (?), n. [It. influenza influence, an epidemic formerly attributed by astrologers to the influence of the heavenly bodies, influenza. See Influence.] (Med.) An epidemic affection characterized by acute nasal catarrh, or by inflammation of the throat or the bronchi, and usually accompanied by fever. Influx In"flux` (?), n. [L. influxus, fr. influere, influxum, to flow in: cf. F. influx. See Influent.] 1. The act of flowing in; as, an influx of light. 2. A coming in; infusion; intromission; introduction; importation in abundance; also, that which flows or comes in; as, a great influx of goods into a country, or an influx of gold and silver. The influx of food into the Celtic region, however, was far from keeping pace with the influx of consumers. Macaulau. The general influx of Greek into modern languages. Earle. 3. Influence; power. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Influxion In*flux"ion (?), n. [L. influxio : cf. F. influxion.] A flowing in; infusion. [R.] Bacon. Influxious In*flux"ious (?), a. Influential. [Obs.] Influxive In*flux"ive (?), a. Having a tendency to flow in; having influence; influential. [R.] Holdsworth. Influxively In*flux"ive*ly, adv. By influxion. [R.] Infold In*fold" (?n-f?ld\'b6), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Infolding.] [Pref. in- in + fold.] [Written also enfold.] 1. To wrap up or cover with folds; to envelop; to inwrap; to inclose; to involve. Gilded tombs do worms infold. Shak. Infold his limbs in bands. Blackmore. 2. To clasp with the arms; to embrace. Noble Banquo, . . . let me infold thee, And hold thee to my heart. Shak. Infoldment In*fold"ment (?), n. The act of infolding; the state of being infolded. Infoliate In*fo"li*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. folium leaf.] To cover or overspread with, or as with, leaves. [R.] Howell. Inform In*form" (?), a. [L. informis; pref. in- not + forma form, shape: cf. F. informe] Without regular form; shapeless; ugly; deformed. Cotton. Inform In*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Informed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Informing.] [OE. enformen, OF. enformer, F. informer. L. informare; pref. in- in + formare to form, share, fr. forma form. See Form.] 1. To give form or share to; to give vital ororganizing power to; to give life to; to imbue and actuate with vitality; to animate; to mold; to figure; to fashion. "The informing Word." Coleridge. Let others better mold the running mass Of metals, and inform the breathing brass. Dryden. Breath informs this fleeting frame. Prior. Breathes in our soul,informs our mortal part. Pope. 2. To communicate knowledge to; to make known to; to acquaint; to advise; to instruct; to tell; to notify; to enlighten; -- usually followed by of. For he would learn their business secretly, And then inform his master hastily. Spenser. I am informed thoroughky of the cause. Shak. 3. To communicate a knowledge of facts to,by way of accusation; to warn against anybody. Tertullus . . . informed the governor against Paul. Acts xxiv. 1. Syn. -- To acquaint; apprise; tell; teach; instruct; enlighten; animate; fashion. Inform In*form", v. t. 1. To take form; to become visible or manifest; to appear. [Obs.] It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes. Shak. 2. To give intelligence or information; to tell. Shak. He might either teach in the same manner,or inform how he had been taught. Monthly Rev. To inform against, to communicate facts by way of accusation against; to denounce; as, two persons came to the magistrate, and informed against A. Informal In*form"al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + formal.] 1. Not in the regular, usual, or established form; not according to official, conventional, prescribed, or customary forms or rules; irregular; hence, without ceremony; as, an informal writting, proceeding, or visit. 2. Deranged in mind; out of one's senses. [Obs.] These poor informal women. Shak. Informality In`for*mal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Informalities (. 1. The state of being informal; want of regular, prescribed, or customary form; as, the informality of legal proceedings. 2. An informal, unconventional, or unofficial act or proceeding; something which is not in proper or prescribed form or does not conform to the established rule. Informally In*form"al*ly (?), adv. In an informal manner. Informant In*form"ant (?), n. [L. informans, -antis, p.pr. of informare. See Inform, v. t.] 1. One who, or that which, informs, animates, or vivifies. [Obs.] Glanvill. 2. One who imparts information or instruction. 3. One who offers an accusation; an informer. See Informer. [Obs. or R.] It was the last evidence of the kind; the informant was hanged. Burke. Information In`for*ma"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. informatio representation, cinception. See Inform, v. t.] 1. The act of informing, or communicating knowledge or intelligence. The active informations of the intellect. South. 2. News, advice, or knowledge, communicated by others or obtained by personal study and investigation; intelligence; knowledge derived from reading, observation, or instruction. Larger opportunities of information. Rogers. He should get some information in the subject he intends to handle. Swift. 3. (Law) A proceeding in the nature of a prosecution for some offens against the government, instituted and prosecuted, really or nominally, by some authorized public officer on behalt of the government. It differs from an indictment in criminal cases chiefly in not being based on the finding of a grand juri. See Indictment. Informative In*form"a*tive (?), a. Having power to inform, animate, or vivify. Dr. H. More. Informatory In*form"a*to*ry (?), a. Full of, or conveying, information; instructive. [R.] London Spectator. Informed In*formed" (?n-f?rmd\'b6), a. Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless. [Obs.] Spenser. Informed stars. See under Unformed. Informer In*form"er (?), n. [From Inform,v.] 1. One who informs, animates, or inspires. [Obs.] Thomson. Nature, informer of the poet's art. Pope. 2. One who informs, or imparts knowledge or news. 3. (Law) One who informs a magistrate of violations of law; one who informs against another for violation of some law or penal statute. Common informer (Law), one who habitually gives information of the violation of penal statutes, with a view to a prosecution therefor. Bouvier. Wharton. Informidable In*for"mi*da*ble (?), a. [L. informidabilis. See In- not, and Formidable.] Not formidable; not to be feared or dreaded. [Obs.] "Foe not informidable." Milton. Informity In*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. informitas. See Inform, a.] Want of regular form; shapelessness. [Obs.] Informous In*form"ous (?), a. [See Inform, a.] Of irregular form; shapeless. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Infortunate In*for"tu*nate (?), a. [L. infortunatus.] Unlucky; unfortunate. [Obs.] Shak. "A most infortynate chance." Howell. - In*for"tu*nate*ly, adv. [Obs.] Infortune In*for"tune (?), n. [L. infortunium. See In- not, and Fortune.] Misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer. Infortuned In*for"tuned (?), a. Unfortunate. [Obs.] I, woeful wretch and infortuned wight. Chaucer. Infound In*found" (?), v. t. [L. infundere to pour in. See Infuse.] To pour in; to infuse. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Infra In*"fra (?), adv. [L. Cf. Inferior.] Below; beneath; under; after; -- often used as a prefix. Infra-axillary In`fra-ax"il*la*ry (?), a. [Infra + axillary.] (Bot.) Situated below the axil, as a bud. Infrabranchial In`fra*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Infra + branchial.] (Zo\'94l.) Below the gills; -- applied to the ventral portion of the pallial chamber in the lamellibranchs. Infraclavicular In`fra*cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + clavicular.] (Anat.) Below the clavicle; as, the infraclavicular fossa. Infract In*fract" (?n-fr\'b5kt\'b6), a. [L. infractus; pref. in- not + fractus. p.p. of frangere to break.] Not broken or fractured; unharmed; whole. [Obs.] Chapman. Infract In*fract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Infracting.] [L. infractus, p.p. of of infringere. See Infringe.] To break; to infringe. [R.] Thomson. Infractible In*fract"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being broken.[R.] Infraction In*frac"tion (?), n. [L. infractio: cf. F. infraction.] The act of infracting or breaking; breach; violation; nonobservance; infringement; as, an infraction of a treaty, compact, rule, or law. I. Watts. Infractor In*fract"or (?), n. [Cf. F. infracteur.] One who infracts or infringes; a violator; a breaker. Infragrant In*fra"grant (?), a. Not fragrant. Infrahyoid In`fra*hy"oid (?), a. [Infra + hyoid.] (Anat.) Same as Hyosternal (a). Infralabial In`fra*la"bi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Below the lower lip; -- said of certain scales of reptiles and fishes. Infralapsarian In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Infra + lapse: cf. F. infralapsaire. See Lapse.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of that class of Calvinists who consider the decree of election as contemplating the apostasy as past and the elect as being at the time of election in a fallen and guilty state; -- opposed to Supralapsarian. The former considered the election of grace as a remedy for an existing evil; the latter regarded the fall as a part of God's original purpose in regard to men. Infralapsarian In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an, a. (Theor.) Of or pertaining to the Infralapsarians, or to their doctrine. Infralapsarianism In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Theor.) The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Inralapsarians. Inframarginal In`fra*mar"gin*al (?), a. [Infra + marginal.] Below the margin; submarginal; as, an inframarginal convolution of the brain. Inframaxillary In`fra*max"il*la*ry (?), a. [Infra + maxillary.] (Anat.) (a) Under the lower jaw; submaxillary; as, the inframaxillary nerve. (b) Of or pertaining to the lower iaw. Inframedian In`fra*me"di*an (?), a. [Infra + median.] (Zo\'94logical Geog.) Of or pertaining to the interval or zone along the sea bottom, at the depth of between fifty and one hundred fathoms. E. Forbes. Inframundane In`fra*mun"dane (?), a. [Infra + mundane.] Lying or situated beneath the world. Infranchise In*fran"chise (?), v. t. See Enfranchise. Infrangibility In*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being infrangible; infrangibleness. Infrangible In*fran"gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + grangible: cf.F. infrangible.] 1. Not capable of being broken or separated into parts; as, infrangible atoms. [He] link'd their fetlocks with a golden band Infrangible. Pope. 2. Not to be infringed or violated. Infrangibleness In*fran"gi*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being infrangible; infrangibility. Infraocular In`fra*oc"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + ocular.] (Zo\'94l.) Situated below the eyes, as the antenna of certain insects. Infraorbital In`fra*or"bit*al (?), a. [Infra + orbital.] (Anat.) Below the orbit; as, the infraorbital foramen; the infraorbital nerve. Infrapose In`fra*pose" (?), v. t. [Infra + pose.] To place under or beneath. [R.] Infraposition In`fra*po*si"tion (?), n. [Infra + position.] A situation or position beneath. Kane. Infrascapular In`fra*scap"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + scapular.] (Anat.) Beneath the scapula, or shoulder blade; subscapular. Infraspinal In`fra*spi"nal (?), a. [Infra + spinal.] (Anat.) (a) Below the vertebral column, subvertebral. (b) Below the spine; infraspinate; infraspinous. Infraspinate, Infraspinous In`fra*spi"nate (?), In`fra*spi*nous (?), a. [Infra + spinate, spinous.] (Anat.) Below the spine; infraspinal; esp., below the spine of the scapula; as, the infraspinous fossa; the infraspinate muscle. Infrastapedial In`fra*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. [Infra + stapedial.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which in many animals projects below the connection with the stapes. -- n. The infrastapedial part of the columella. Infrasternal In`fra*ster"nal (?), a. [Infra + sternal.] (Anat.) Below the sternum; as, the infrasternal depression, or pit of the stomach. Infratemporal In`fra*tem"po*ral (?), a. [Infra + temporal.] (Anat.) Below the temple; below the temporal bone. Infraterritorial In`fra*ter"ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [Infra + territorial.] Within the territory of a state. Story. Infratrochlear In`fra*troch"le*ar (?), a. [Infra + trochlear.] (Anat.) Below a trochlea, or pulley; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve. Infrequence, Infrequency In*fre"quence (?), In*fre"quen*cy (?), n. [L. infrequentia scantiness : cf. F. infrequence.] 1. The state of rarely occuring; uncommonness; rareness; as, the infrquence of his visits. 2. The state of not being frequented; solitude; isolation; retirement; seclusion. [R.] The solitude and infrequency of the place. Bp. Hall. Infrequent In*fre"quent (?), a. [L. infrquens : cf.F. infrequent. See In- not, and Frequent.] Seldom happening or occurring; rare; uncommon; unusual. The act whereof is at this day infrequent or out of use among all sorts of men. Sir T. Elyot. Infrequently In*fre"quent*ly (?), adv. Not frequently; rarely. Infrigidate In*frig"i*date (?), v. t. [L. infrigidatus, p.p. of infrigidare to chill. See 1st In-, and Frigid.] To chill; to make cold; to cool. [Obs.] Boyle. Infrigidation In*frig`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. infrigidatio.] The act of chilling or causing to become cold; a chilling; coldness; congelation. [Obs.] Boyle. Infringe In*fringe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infringing (?).] [L. infringere; pref. in- in + frangere to break. See Fraction, and cf. Infract .] 1. To break; to violate; to transgress; to neglect to fulfill or obey; as, to infringe a law or contract. If the first that did the edict infringe, Had answered for his deed. Shak. The peace . . . was infringed by Appius Claudius. Golding. 2. To hinder; to destroy; as, to infringe efficacy; to infringe delight or power. [Obs.] Hooker. Infringe In*fringe", v. i. 1. To break, violate, or transgress some contract, rule, or law; to injure; to offend. 2. To encroach; to trespass; -- followed by on or upon; as, to infringe upon the rights of another. Infringement In*fringe"ment (?), n. 1. The act of infringing; breach; violation; nonfulfillment; as, the infringement of a treaty, compact, law, or constitution. The punishing of this infringement is proper to that jurisdiction against which the contempt is. Clarendon. 2. An encroachment on a patent, copyright, or other special privilege; a trespass. Infringer In*frin"ger (?), n. One who infringes or violates; a violator. Strype. Infructuose In*fruc"tu*ose" (?), a. [L.infructuosus. See In- not, and Fruit.] Not producing fruit; unfruitful; unprofitable. [R.] T. Adams. Infrugal In*fru"gal (?), a. Not frugal; wasteful; as, an infrugal expense of time. J. Goodman. Infrugiferous In`fru*gif"er*ous (?), a. Not bearing fruit; not fructiferous. Infucate In`fu*cate (?), v. t. [L. infucatus painted; pref. in- in + fucare to paint, dye. See Fucate.] To stain; to paint; to daub. Infucation In`fu*ca"tion (?), n. The act of painting or staining, especially of painting the face. Infula In"fu*la (?), n.; pl. Infule (#). [L.] A sort of fillet worn by dignitaries, priests, and others among the ancient Romans. It was generally white. Infumate In"fu*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infumating.] [L.infumatus, p.p. of infumare to infumate; pref. in- in + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.] To dry by exposing to smoke; to expose to smoke. Infumated In"fu*ma`ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Clouded; having a cloudy appearance. Infumation In`fu*ma"tion (?), n. Act of drying in smoke. Infumed In*fumed" (?), a. Dried in smoke; smoked. _________________________________________________________________ Page 762 Infundibular, Infundibulate In`fun*dib"u*lar (?), In`fun*dib"u*late (?), a. [See Infundibulum.] Having the form of a funnel; pertaining to an infundibulum. Infundibulate Bryozoa (Zo\'94l.),a group of marine Bryozoa having a circular arrangement of the tentacles upon the disk. Infundibuliform In`fun*dib"u*li*form (?), a. [L. infundibulum funnel + -form: cf. F. infundibuliforme.] 1. Having the form of a funnel or cone; funnel-shaped. 2. (Bot.) Same as Funnelform. Infundibulum In`fun*dib"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Infundibula (#), E. Infundibulums (#). [L., a funnel, from infundere to pour in or into. See Infuse.] 1. (Anat.) A funnel-shaped or dilated organ or part; as, the infundibulum of the brain, a hollow, conical process, connecting the floor of the third ventricle with the pituitary body; the infundibula of the lungs, the enlarged terminations of the bronchial tubes. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A central cavity in the Ctenophora, into which the gastric sac leads. (b) The siphon of Cephalopoda. See Cephalopoda. Infuneral In*fu"ner*al (?), v. t. To inter with funeral rites; to bury. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. Infurcation In`fur*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + L. furca fork.] A forked exlpansion or divergence; a bifurcation; a branching. Craig. Infuriate In*fu"ri*ate (?), a. [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare. See Infuriate, v. t.] Enraged; rading; furiously angry; infuriated. Milton. Inflamed beyond the most infuriate wrath. Thomson. Infuriate In*fu"ri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infuriated (; p. pr. & vb. n. Infuriating] [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare; pref. in- (L. in) + furia fury, L. furia. See Fury.] To render furious; to enrage; to exasperate. Those curls of entangled snakes with which Erinys is said to have infuriated Athemas and Ino. Dr. H. More. Infuriated In*fu"ri*a`ted (?), a. Enraged; furious. Infuscate In*fus"cate (?), v. t. [L. infuscatus, p. p. of infuscare; pref. in- in + fuscare to make dark, fr. fuscus dark.] To darken; to make black; to obscure. Infuscated In*fus"ca*ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Darkened with a blackish tinge. Infuscation In`fus*ca"tion (?), n. The act of darkening, or state of being dark; darkness; obscurity. Johnson. Infuse In*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infusing.] [L. infusus, p.p. of infundere to pour in or into; pref. in- in + fundere to pour: cf. F. infuser. See Found to cast.] 1. To pour in, as a liquid; to pour (into or upon); to shed. That strong Circean liquor cease to infuse. Denham. 2. To instill, as principles or qualities; to introduce. That souls of animals infuse themselves Into the trunks of men. Shak. Why should he desire to have qualities infused into his son which himself never possessd? Swift. 3. To inspire; to inspirit or animate; to fill; -- followed by with. Infuse his breast with magnanimity. Shak. Infusing him with self and vain conceit. Shak. 4. To steep in water or other fluid without boiling, for the propose of extracting medicinal qualities; to soak. One scruple of dried leaves is infused in ten ounces of warm water. Coxe. 5. To make an infusion with, as an ingredient; to tincture; to saturate. [R.] Bacon. Infuse In*fuse, n. Infusion. [Obs.] Spenser. Infuser In*fus"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infuses. Infusibility In*fu`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Infuse.] Capability of being infused, pouredin, or instilled. Infusibility In*fu`si*bil"i*ty, n. [Pref. in- not + fusibility: cf. F. infusibilit\'82.] Incapability or difficulty of being fused, melted, or dissolved; as, the infusibility of carbon. Infusible In*fu"si*ble (?), a. [From Infuse, v.] Capable of being infused. Doctrines being infusible into all. Hammond. Infusible In*fu"si*ble, a. [Pref. in- not + fusible: cf. F. infusible.] Not fusible; incapble or difficalt of fusion, or of being dissolved or melted. Sir T. Browne. The best crucibles are made of Limoges earth, which seems absolutely infusible. Lavoisier (Trans. ). Infusibleness In*fu"si*ble*ness, n. Infusibility. Infusion In*fu"sion (?), n. [L. infusio a pouring in: cf. F. infusion. See Infuse, v. t.] 1. The act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling; instillation; as, the infusion of good principles into the mind; the infusion of ardor or zeal. Our language has received innumerable elegancies and improvements from that infusion of Hebraisms. Addison. 2. That which is infused; suggestion; inspiration. His folly and his wisdom are of his oun growth, not the echo or infusion of other men. Swift. 3. The act of plunging or dipping into a fluid; immersion. [Obs.] "Baptism by infusion." Jortin. 4. (Pharmacy) (a) The act or process of steeping or soaking any substance in water in order to extract its virtues. (b) The liquid extract obtained by this process. Sips meek infusion of a milder herb. Cowper. Infusionism In*fu"sion*ism (?), n. The doctrine that the soul is preexistent to the body, and is infused into it at conception or birth; -- opposed to tradicianism and creationism. Infusive In*fu"sive (?), a. Having the power of infusion; inspiring; influencing. The infusive force of Spirit on man. Thomson. Infusoria In`fu*so"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.; -- so called because found in infusions which are left exposed to the air for a time. See Infuse.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of Protozoa, including a large number of species, all of minute size. NOTE: &hand; They are found in all seas, lakes, ponds, and streams, as well as in infusions of organic matter exposed to the air. They are distinguished by having vibrating lashes or cilia, with which they obtain their food and swim about.They are devided into the orders Flagellata, Ciliata, and Tentaculifera. See these words in the Vocabulary. Formely the term Infusoria was applied to all microscopic organisms found in water, including many minute plants, belonging to the diatoms, as well as minute animals belonging to various classes, as the Rotifera, which are worms; and the Rhizopoda, which constitute a distinct class of Protozoa. Fossil Infusoria are mostly the siliceous shells of diatoms; sometimes they are siliceous skeletons of Radiolaria, or the calcareous shells of Foraminifera. Infusorial In`fu*so"ri*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Infusoria; composed of, or containing, Infusoria; as, infusorial earth. Infusorial earth (Geol.), a deposit of fine, usually white, siliceous material, composed mainly of the shells of the microscopic plants called diatoms. It is used in polishing powder, and in the manufacture of dynamite.<-- = kieselguhr --> Infusorian In`fu*so"ri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Infusoria. Infusory In*fu"so*ry (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Infusorial. Infusory In*fu"so*ry (?), n.; pl. Infusories (. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Infusoria; -- usually in the pl. -ing -ing (?). 1. [For OE. -and, -end, -ind, AS. -ende; akin to Goth. -and-, L. -ant-, -ent-, Gr. A suffix used to from present participles; as, singing, playing. 2. [OE. -ing, AS. -ing, -ung.] A suffix used to form nouns from verbs, and signifying the act of; the result of the act; as, riding, dying, feeling. It has also a secondary collective force; as, shipping, clothing. NOTE: &hand; Th e Ol d English ending of the present participle and verbal noun became confused, both becoming -ing. 3. [AS. -ing.] A suffix formerly used to form diminutives; as, lording, farthing. Ing Ing (?), n. [AS. ing.] A pasture or meadow; generally one lying low, near a river. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ingannation In`gan*na"tion (?), n. [LL. ingannare to decieve.] Cheat; deception. [Obs.] Sir T. Brown. Ingate In"gate` (, n. 1. Entrance; ingress. [Obs.] Which hath in charge the ingate of the year. Spenser. 2. (Fonding) The aperture in a mold for pouring in the metal; the gate. Simmonds. Ingathering In"gath`er*ing (?), n. The act or business of gathering or collecting anything; especially, the gathering of the fruits of the earth; harvest. Thou shalt keep . . . the feast of ingathering. Ex. xxii. 16. Ingelable In*gel"a*ble (?), a. Not congealable. Ingeminate In*gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. ingeminatus, p. p.] Redoubled; repeated. Jer. Taylor. Ingeminate In*gem"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingeminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingeminating (?).] [L. ingeminatus, p. p. of ingeminare to double; pref. in- in + geminare. See Geminate.] To redouble or repeat; to reiterate. Clarendon. . . . She yet ingeminates The last of sounds, and what she hears relates. Sandys. Ingemination In*gem`i*na"tion (?), n. Repetition; reduplication; reiteration. De Quincey. That Sacred ingemination, Amen, Amen. Featley. Happiness with an echo or ingemination. Holdsworth. Ingena In*ge"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gorilla. Ingender In*gen"der (?), v. t. See Engender. Ingenerabillty In*gen`er*a*bil"l*ty (?), n. Incapacity of being engendered or produced. Cudworth. Ingenerable In*gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + generable: cf. F. ingenerable.] Incapble of being engendered or produced; original. Holland. Ingenerably In*gen"er*a*bly, adv. In an ingenerable manner. Ingenerate In*gen"er*ate (?), a. [L. ingeneratus, p. p. of ingenerare. See engender] Generated within; inborn; innate; as, ingenerate powers of body. W. Wotton. Those virtues were rather feigned and affected . . . than true qualities ingenerate in his judgment. Bacon. Ingenerate In*gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingenerat (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingenerating (?).] To generate or produce within; to begete; to engener; to occasion; to cause. Mede. Those noble habits are ingenerated in the soul. Sir M. Hale. Ingeneration In*gen`er*a"tion (?), n. Act of ingenerating. Ingeniate In*ge"ni*ate (?), v. t. & i. [See Ingenious.] To invent; to contrive. [Obs.] Daniel. Ingenie In"ge*nie (?), n. [Obs.] See Ingeny. Ingeniosity In*ge`ni*os"i*ty (?), n. [LL. ingeniositas.] Ingenuity; skill; cunning. [Obs.] Cudworth. Ingenious In*gen"ious (?), a. [L. ingeniosus, fr. ingenium innate or natural quality, natural capacity, genius: cf. F. ing\'82nieux. See Engine.] 1. Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention; skillful or promp to invent; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new combinations; as, an ingenious author, mechanic. A man . . . very wise and ingenious in feats of war. Hakluyt. Thou, king, send out For torturers ingenious. Shak. The more ingenious men are, the more apt are they to trouble themselves. Sir W. Temple. 2. Proseeding from, pertaining to, or characterized by, genius or ingenuity; of curious design, structure, or mechanism; as, an ingenious model, or machine; an ingenious scheme, contrivance, etc. Thus men go wrong with an ingenious skill. Cowper. 3. Witty; shrewd; adroit; keen; sagacious; as, an ingenious reply. 4. Mental; intellectual. [Obs.] A course of learning and ingenious studies. Shak. Ingeniously In*gen"ious*ly (?), adv. In an ingenious manner; with ingenuity; skillfully; wittily; cleverly. "Too ingeniously politic." Sir W. Temple. Ingeniousness In*gen"ious*ness, n. The quality or state of being ingenious; ingenuity. Ingenite Ingenit In*gen"ite In*gen"it (?), a. [L. ingenitus, p. p. of ingignere to instill by birthor nature; pref. in- + gignere to beget.] Innate; inborn; inbred; inherent; native; ingenerate. [Obs.] It is naturalor ingenite, which comes by some defect of the organs and overmuch brain. Burton. Ingenuity In`ge*nu"i*ty (?), n. [L. ingenuitas ingenuousness: cf. F. ing\'82nuit\'82. See Ingenuous.] 1. The quality or power of ready invention; quickness or acuteness in forming new combinations; ingeniousness; skill in devising or combining. All the means which human ingenuity has contrived. Blair. 2. Curiousness, or cleverness in design or contrivance; as, the ingenuity of a plan, or of mechanism. He gives . . . To artist ingenuity and skill. Cowper. 3. Openness of heat; ingeniuousness. [Obs.] The stings and remores of natural ingenuity, a principle that men scarcely ever shake off, as long as they carry anything of human nature about them. South. Syn. -- Inventiveness; ingeniousness; skill; cunning; cleverness; genius. -- Ingenuity, Cleverness. Ingenuity is a form of genius, and cleverness of talent. The former implies invention, the letter a peculiar dexterity and readiness of execution. Sir James Mackintosh remarks that the English overdo in the use of the word clever and cleverness, applying them loosely to almost every form of intellectual ability. Ingenuous In*gen"u*ous (?), a. [L. ingenuus inborn, innate, freeborn, noble, frank; pref. in- in + the root of gignere to beget. See Genius, and cf. Ingenious.] 1. Of honorable extraction; freeborn; noble; as, ingenuous blood of birth. 2. Noble; generous; magnanimous; honorable; uprigth; high-minded; as, an ingenuous ardor or zeal. If an ingenuous detestation of falsehood be but carefully and early instilled, that is the true and genuin method to obviate dishonesty. Locke. 3. Free from reserve, disguise, equivocation, or dissimulation; open; frank; sa, an ingenuous man; an ingenuous declaration, confession, etc. Sensible in myself . . . what a burden it is for me, who would be ingenuous, to be loaded with courtesies which he hath not the least hope to requite or deserve. Fuller. 4. Ingenious. [Obs.] Shak. NOTE: &hand; (Formerly) printers did not discriminate between . . . ingenuous and ingenious, and these words were used or rather printed interchangeably almost to the begining of the eighteenth century. G. P. Marsh. Syn. -- Open; frank; unreserved; artless; plain; sincere; candid; fair; noble; generous. -- Ingenuous, Open, Frank. One who is open speaks out at once what is uppermost in his mind; one who is frank does it from a natural boldness, or dislike of self-restraint; one who is ingenuous is actuated by a native simplicity and artlessness, which make him willing to confess faults, and make known his sentiments without reserve. See Candid. Ingenuously In*gen"u*ous*ly, adv. In an ingenuous manner; openly; fairly; candidly; artlessly. Being required to explane himself, he ingeniously confessed. Ludlow. Ingenuousness In*gen"u*ous*ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being ingenuous; openness of heart; frankness. 2. Ingenuity. [Obs.] Fuller. Ingeny In"ge*ny (?), n. [L. ingenium. See Ingenious.] Natural gift or talent; ability; wit; ingenuity. [Obs.] [Written also ingenie.] Becon. Ingerminate In*ger"mi*nate (?), v. t. To cause to germinate. Ingest In*gest" (?), v. t. [L. ingenium, p. p. of ingerere to put in; pref. in- in + gerere to bear.] To take into, or as into, the stomach or alimentary canal. Sir T. Browne. Ingesta In*ges"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ingest.] (Physiol.) That which is introduced into the body by the stomach or alimentary canal; -- opposed to egesta. Ingestion In*ges"tion (?), n. [L. ingestio: cf. F. ingestion.] (Physiol.) The act of taking or putting into the stomach; as, the ingestion of milk or other food. Inghalla In*ghal"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The reedbuck of South Africa. [Written also ingali.] Ingirt In*girt" (?), v. t. [See Ingirt.] To encircle to gird; to engirt. The wreath is ivy that ingirts our beams. Drayton. Ingirt In*girt", a. Surrounded; encircled. Fenton. Ingle In"gle (?), n. [Gael. & Ir. aingeali fire; cf. L. igniculusi spark, dim. of ignis fire. Cf. Ignite.] Flame; blaze; a fire; a fireplace. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns. Ingle nock, the chimney corner. -- Ingle side, Ingle cheek, the fireside. Ingle In"gle, n. [Written also engle, enghle: cf. Gael. & Ir. aingeal an angel. Cf. Engle.] A paramour; a favourite; a sweetheart; an engle. [Obs.] Toone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 763 Ingle In"gle (?), v. t. To cajole or coax; to wheedle. See Engle. [Obs.] Inglobate In*glo"bate (?), a. In the form of a globe or sphere; -- applied to nebulous matter collected into a sphere by the force of gravitation. Inglobe In*globe" (?), v. t. To infix, as in a globe; to fix or secure firmly. [Obs.] Milton. Inglorious In*glo"ri*ous (?), a. [L. inglorious; pref. in- not + gloria glory, fame: cf. F. inglorieux. See Glory.] 1. Not glorious; not bringing honor or glory; not accompanied with fame, honor, or celebrity; obscure; humble; as, an inglorious life of ease. Shak. My next desire is, void of care and strife, To lead a soft, secure, inglorious life. Dryden. Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest. Gray. 2. Shameful; disgraceful; ignominious; as, inglorious flight, defeat, etc. Inglorious shelter in an alien land. J. Philips. Ingloriously In*glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an inglorious manner; dishonorably; with shame; ignominiously; obscurely. Ingloriousness In*glo"ri*ous*ness, n. The state of being inglorious. Inglut In*glut" (?), v. t. To glut. [R.] Ascham. Ingluvial In*glu"vi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the indulges or crop of birds. Ingluvies In*glu"vi*es (?), n. [L.] (Anat.) The crop, or craw, of birds. Ingluvious In*glu"vi*ous (?), a. Gluttonous. [Obs.] Blount. In-going In"-go`ing (?), n. The act of going in; entrance. In-going In"-go`ing, a. Going; entering, as upon an office or a possession; as, an in-going tenant. Ingorge In*gorge" (?), v. t. & i. See Engorge. Milton. Ingot In"got (?), n. [Prob. from AS. in in + ge\'a2tan to pour: cf. F. linglot, LL. lingotus a mass of gold or silver, extended in the manner of a tongue, and G. einguss, LG. & OE. ingot ingot, a mold for casting metals in. See Found to cast, and cf. Linget, Lingot, Nugget.] 1. That in which metal is cast; a mold. [Obs.] And from the fire he took up his matter And in the ingot put it with merry cheer. Chaucer. 2. A bar or wedge of steel, gold, or other malleable metal, cast in a mold; a mass of unwrought cast metal. Wrought ingots from Besoara's mine. Sir W. Jones. Ingot mold, a box or mold in which ingots are cast. -- Ingot iron. See Decarbonized steel, under Decarbonize. Ingrace In*grace" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + grace.] To ingratiate. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. Ingracious In*gra"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + gracious.] Ungracious; unkind. [Obs.] Holland. Ingraff In*graff" (?), v. t. See Ingraft. [Obs.] Ingraft In*graft" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingrafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ingrafting.] [Written also engraft.] 1. To insert, as a scion of one tree, shrub, or plant in another for propagation; as, to ingraft a peach scion on a plum tree; figuratively, to insert or introduce in such a way as to make a part of something. This fellow would ingraft a foreign name Upon our stock. Dryden. A custom . . . ingrafted into the monarchy of Rome. Burke. 2. To subject to the process of grafting; to furnish with grafts or scions; to graft; as, to ingraft a tree. Ingrafter In*graft"er (?), n. A person who ingrafts. Ingraftment In*graft"ment (?), n. 1. The act of ingrafting. 2. The thing ingrafted; a scion. Ingrain In"grain` (?; 277), a. [Pref. in- in + grain kermes. See Engrain, Grain.] 1. Dyed with grain, or kermes. [Obs.] 2. Dyed before manufacture, -- said of the material of a textile fabric; hence, in general, thoroughly inwrought; forming an essential part of the substance. Ingrain carpet, a double or two-ply carpet. -- Triple ingrain carpet, a three-ply carpet. Ingrain In"grain`, n. An ingrain fabric, as a carpet. Ingrain In"grain` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingraining.] [Written also engrain.] 1. To dye with or in grain or kermes. 2. To dye in the grain, or before manufacture. 3. To work into the natural texture or into the mental or moral constitution of; to stain; to saturate; to imbue; to infix deeply. Our fields ingrained with blood. Daniel. Cruelty and jealousy seem to be ingrained in a man who has these vices at all. Helps. Ingrapple In*grap"ple (?), v. t. & i. To seize; to clutch; to grapple. [Obs.] Drayton. Ingrate In"grate` (?; 277), a. [L. ingratus. See Ingrateful.] Ingrateful. [Obs. or Poetic] Bacon. Ingrate In"grate`, n. An ungrateful person. Milton. Ingrateful In"grate`ful (?), a. [L. ingratus ingrateful (pref. in- not + gratus beloved, dear, grateful) + -ful: cf. F. ingrat. See Grateful.] 1. Ungrateful; thankless; unappreciative. Milton. He proved extremely false and ingrateful to me. Atterbury. 2. Unpleasing to the sense; distasteful; offensive. He gives . . . no ingrateful food. Milton. -- In"grate`ful*ly, adv. -- In"grate`ful*ness, n. Ingrately In"grate`ly (?), adv. Ungratefully. [Obs.] Ingratiate In*gra"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingratiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingratiating (?).] [Pref. in- in + L. gratia. See Grace.] 1. To introduce or commend to the favor of another; to bring into favor; to insinuate; -- used reflexively, and followed by with before the person whose favor is sought. Lysimachus . . . ingratiated himself both with Philip and his pupil. Budgell. 2. To recommend; to render easy or agreeable; -- followed by to. [Obs.] Dr. J. Scott. What difficulty would it [the love of Christ] not ingratiate to us? Hammond. Ingratiate In*gra"ti*ate, v. i. To gain favor. [R.] Sir W. Temple. Ingratitude In*grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. ingratitude, L. ingratitudo. See Ingrate.] Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness; ungratefulness. Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend. Shak. Ingratitude is abhorred both by God and man. L'Estrange. Ingrave In*grave" (?), v. t. To engrave. [R.] "Whose gleaming rind ingrav'n." Tennyson. Ingrave In*grave", v. t. [Pref. in- in + grave. Cf. Engrave.] To bury. [Obs.] Heywood. Ingravidate In*grav"i*date (?), v. t. [L. ingravidatus, p. p. of ingravidare to impregnate. See 1st In-, and Gravidated.] To impregnate. [Obs.] Fuller. Ingravidation In*grav`i*da"tion (?), n. The state of being pregnant or impregnated. [Obs.] Ingreat In*great" (?), v. t. To make great; to enlarge; to magnify. [Obs.] Fotherby. Ingredience, Ingrediency In*gre"di*ence (?), In*gre"di*en*cy (?), n. [See Ingredient.] 1. Entrance; ingress. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. 2. The quality or state of being an ingredient or component part. Boyle. Ingredient In*gre"di*ent (?), n. [F. ingr\'82dient, L. ingrediens, -entis, entering into, p. pr. of ingredi, p. p. ingressus, to go into, to enter; pref. in- in + gradi to walk, go. See Grade.] That which enters into a compound, or is a component part of any combination or mixture; an element; a constituent. By way of analysis we may proceed from compounds to ingredients. Sir I. Newton. Water is the chief ingredient in all the animal fluids and solids. Arbuthnot. Ingredient In*gre"di*ent, a. Entering as, or forming, an ingredient or component part. Acts where no sin is ingredient. Jer. Taylor. Ingress In"gress (?), n. [L. ingressus, fr. ingredi. See Ingredient.] 1. The act of entering; entrance; as, the ingress of air into the lungs. 2. Power or liberty of entrance or access; means of entering; as, all ingress was prohibited. 3. (Astron.) The entrance of the moon into the shadow of the earth in eclipses, the sun's entrance into a sign, etc. Ingress In"gress (?), v. i. To go in; to enter. [R.] Ingression In*gres"sion (?), n. [L. ingressio: cf. F. ingression.] Act of entering; entrance. Sir K. Digby. Ingrieve In*grieve (?), v. t. To render more grievous; to aggravate. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Ingroove In*groove" (?), v. t. To groove in; to join in or with a groove. Tennyson. Ingross In*gross" (?), v. t. See Engross. Ingrowing In"grow`ing (?), a. Growing or appearing to grow into some other substance. Ingrowing nail, one whose edges are becoming imbedded in the adjacent flesh. Ingrowth In"growth` (?), n. A growth or development inward. J. LeConte. Inguen In"guen (?), n. [L. inguen, inguinis.] (Anat.) The groin. Inguilty In*guilt"y (?), a. Not guilty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Inguinal In"gui*nal (?), a. [L. inguinalis, fr. inguen, inguinis, the groin: cf. F. inguinal.] (Astron. & Med.) Of or pertaining to, or in the region of, the inguen or groin; as, an inguinal canal or ligament; inguinal hernia. Inguinal ring. See Abdominal ring, under Abdominal. Ingulf In*gulf" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingulfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingulfing.] [Cf. Engulf.] [Written also engulf.] To swallow up or overwhelm in, or as in, a gulf; to cast into a gulf. See Engulf. A river large . . . Passed underneath ingulfed. Milton. Ingulfment In*gulf"ment (?), n. The act of ingulfing, or the state of being ingulfed. Ingurgitate In*gur"gi*tate (?), v. t. [L. ingurgitatus, p. p. of ingurgitare to pour in; pref. in- in + gurges whirlpool, gulf.] 1. To swallow, devour, or drink greedily or in large quantity; to guzzle. Cleveland. 2. To swallow up, as in a gulf. Fotherby. Ingurgitate In*gur"gi*tate, v. i. To guzzle; to swill. Burton. Ingurgitation In*gur`gi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. ingurgitatio: cf. F. ingurgitation.] The act of swallowing greedily or immoderately; that which is so swallowed. E. Darwin. He drowned his stomach and senses with a large draught and ingurgitation of wine. Bacon. Ingustable In*gust"a*ble (?), a. [L. ingustabilis. See Gustable.] Tasteless; insipid. Sir T. Browne. Inhabile In*hab"ile (?), a. [L. inhabilis: cf. F. inhabile. See In- not, and Habile, and cf. Unable.] 1. Not apt or fit; unfit; not convenient; inappropriate; unsuitable; as, inhabile matter. [Obs.] 2. Unskilled; unready; awkward; incompetent; unqualified; -- said of person. [Obs.] See Unable. Inhability In`ha*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inhabilet\'82, inhabilit\'82. See Inability.] Unsuitableness; unaptness; unfitness; inability. [Obs.] Barrow. Inhabit In*hab"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhabited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inhabiting.] [OE. enhabiten, OF. enhabiter, L. inhabitare; pref. in- in + habitare to dwell. See Habit.] To live or dwell in; to occupy, as a place of settled residence; as, wild beasts inhabit the forest; men inhabit cities and houses. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15. O, who would inhabit This bleak world alone? Moore. Inhabit In*hab"it, v. i. To have residence in a place; to dwell; to live; to abide. [Archaic or Poetic] Shak. They say wild beasts inhabit here. Waller. Inhabitable In*hab"it*a*ble (?), a. [L. inhabitabilis. See Inhabit.] Capable of being inhabited; habitable. Systems of inhabitable planets. Locke. Inhabitable In*hab"it*a*ble, a. [L. inhabitabilis: cf. F. inhabitable. See In- not, and Habitable.] Not habitable; not suitable to be inhabited. [Obs.] The frozen ridges of the Alps Or other ground inhabitable. Shak. Inhabitance, Inhabitancy In*hab"it*ance (?), In*hab"it*an*cy (?), n. 1. The act of inhabiting, or the state of being inhabited; the condition of an inhabitant; residence; occupancy. Ruins yet resting in the wild moors testify a former inhabitance. Carew. 2. (Law) The state of having legal right to claim the privileges of a recognized inhabitant; especially, the right to support in case of poverty, acquired by residence in a town; habitancy. Inhabitant In*hab"it*ant (?), n. [L. inhabitans, -antis, p. pr. of inhabitare.] 1. One who dwells or resides permanently in a place, as distinguished from a transient lodger or visitor; as, an inhabitant of a house, a town, a city, county, or state. "Frail inhabitants of earth." Cowper. In this place, they report that they saw inhabitants which were very fair and fat people. Abp. Abbot. 2. (Law) One who has a legal settlement in a town, city, or parish; a permanent resident. Inhabitate In*hab"i*tate (?), v. t. To inhabit. [Obs.] Inhabitation In*hab`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. inhabitatio a dwelling.] 1. The act of inhabiting, or the state of being inhabited; indwelling. The inhabitation of the Holy Ghost. Bp. Pearson. 2. Abode; place of dwelling; residence. [Obs.] Milton. 3. Population; inhabitants. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. The beginning of nations and of the world's inhabitation. Sir W. Raleigh. Inhabitativeness In*hab"it*a*tive*ness (?), n. (Phrenol.) A tendency or propensity to permanent residence in a place or abode; love of home and country. Inhabited In*hab"it*ed, a. Uninhabited. [Obs.] Brathwait. Inhabiter In*hab"it*er (?), n. An inhabitant. [R.] Derham. Inhabitiveness In*hab"it*ive*ness (?), n. (Phrenol.) See Inhabitativeness. What the phrenologists call inhabitiveness. Lowell. Inhabitress In*hab"it*ress, n. A female inhabitant. [R.] Inhalant In*hal"ant (?), a. [Cf. F. inhalant.] Inhaling; used for inhaling. Inhalant In*hal"ant (?), n. An apparatus also called an inhaler (which see); that which is to be inhaled. Inhalation In`ha*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inhalation.] The act of inhaling; also, that which is inhaled. Inhale In*hale" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inhaling.] [L. inhalare to breathe upon; pref. in- in + halare to breathe: cf. F. inhaler. Cf. Exhale.] To breathe or draw into the lungs; to inspire; as, to inhale air; -- opposed to exhale. Martin was walking forth to inhale the fresh breeze of the evening. Arbuthnot. Inhalent In*hal"ent (?), a. Used for inhaling; as, the inhalent end of a duct. Dana. Inhaler In*hal"er (?), n. 1. One who inhales. 2. An apparatus for inhaling any vapor or volatile substance, as ether or chloroform, for medicinal purposes. 3. A contrivance to filter, as air, in order to protect the lungs from inhaling damp or cold air, noxious gases, dust, etc.; also, the respiratory apparatus for divers. Inhance In*hance" (?), v. t. See Enhance. Inharmonic, Inharmonical In`har*mon"ic (?), In`har*mon"ic*al (?), a. Not harmonic; inharmonious; discordant; dissonant. Inharmonious In`har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + harmonious: cf. F. inharmonieux.] 1. Not harmonious; unmusical; discordant; dissonant. Sounds inharmonious in themselves and harsh. Cowper. 2. Conflicting; jarring; not in harmony. Inharmoniously In`har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. Without harmony. Inharmoniousness In`har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The quality of being inharmonious; want of harmony; discord. The inharmoniousness of a verse. A. Tucker. Inharmony In*har"mo*ny (?), n. Want of harmony. Inhaul, Inhauler In"haul` (?), In"haul`er (?), n. (Naut.) A rope used to draw in the jib boom, or flying jib boom. Inhearse In*hearse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhearsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inhearsing.] To put in, or as in, a hearse or coffin. Shak. Inhere In*here" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inhered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inhering.] [L. inhaerere; pref. in- in + haerere to stick, hang. See Hesitate.] To be inherent; to stick (in); to be fixed or permanently incorporated with something; to cleave (to); to belong, as attributes or qualities. They do but inhere in the subject that supports them. Digby. Inherence, Inherency In*her"ence (?), In*her"en*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. inh\'82rence.] The state of inhering; permanent existence in something; innateness; inseparable and essential connection. Jer. Taylor. Inherent In*her"ent (?), a. [L. inhaerens, -entis, p. pr. of inhaerere: cf. F. inh\'82rent. See Inhere.] Permanently existing in something; inseparably attached or connected; naturally pertaining to; innate; inalienable; as, polarity is an inherent quality of the magnet; the inherent right of men to life, liberty, and protection. "A most inherent baseness." Shak. The sore disease which seems inherent in civilization. Southey. Syn. -- Innate; inborn; native; natural; inbred; inwrought; inseparable; essential; indispensable. Inherently In*her"ent*ly, adv. By inherence; inseparably. Matter hath inherently and essentially such an internal energy. Bentley. Inherit In*her"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inherited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inheriting.] [OE. enheriten to inherit, to give a heritage to, OF. enheriter to appoint as an heir, L. inhereditare; pref. in- in + hereditare to inherit, fr. heres heir. See Heir.] 1. (Law) To take by descent from an ancestor; to take by inheritance; to take as heir on the death of an ancestor or other person to whose estate one succeeds; to receive as a right or title descendible by law from an ancestor at his decease; as, the heir inherits the land or real estate of his father; the eldest son of a nobleman inherits his father's title; the eldest son of a king inherits the crown. _________________________________________________________________ Page 764 2. To receive or take by birth; to have by nature; to derive or acquire from ancestors, as mental or physical qualities; as, he inherits a strong constitution, a tendency to disease, etc. Prince Harry is valiant; for the cold blood he did naturally inherit of his father he hath . . . manured . . . with good store of fertile sherris. Shak. 3. To come into possession of; to possess; to own; to enjoy as a possession. But the meek shall inherit the earth. Ps. xxxvii. 11. To bury so much gold under a tree, And never after to inherit it. Shak. 4. To put in possession of. [R.] Shak. Inherit In*her"it (?), v. i. To take or hold a possession, property, estate, or rights by inheritance. Thou shalt not inherit our father's house. Judg. xi. 2. Inheritability In*her`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inheritable or descendible to heirs. Jefferson. Inheritable In*her"it*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being inherited; transmissible or descendible; as, an inheritable estate or title. Blackstone. 2. Capable of being transmitted from parent to child; as, inheritable qualities or infirmities. 3. [Cf. OF. enheritable, inheritable.] Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by descent; capable of succeeding to, as an heir. By attainder . . . the blood of the person attainted is so corrupted as to be rendered no longer inheritable. Blackstone. The eldest daughter of the king is also alone inheritable to the crown on failure of issue male. Blackstone. Inheritable blood, blood or relationship by which a person becomes qualified to be an heir, or to transmit possessions by inheritance. Inheritably In*her"it*a*bly, adv. By inheritance. Sherwood. Inheritance In*her"it*ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. enheritance.] 1. The act or state of inheriting; as, the inheritance of an estate; the inheritance of mental or physical qualities. 2. That which is or may be inherited; that which is derived by an heir from an ancestor or other person; a heritage; a possession which passes by descent. When the man dies, let the inheritance Descend unto the daughter. Shak. 3. A permanent or valuable possession or blessing, esp. one received by gift or without purchase; a benefaction. To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away. 1 Pet. i. 4. 4. Possession; ownership; acquisition. "The inheritance of their loves." Shak. To you th' inheritance belongs by right Of brother's praise; to you eke Spenser. 5. (Biol.) Transmission and reception by animal or plant generation. 6. (Law) A perpetual or continuing right which a man and his heirs have to an estate; an estate which a man has by descent as heir to another, or which he may transmit to another as his heir; an estate derived from an ancestor to an heir in course of law. Blackstone. NOTE: &hand; Th e word inheritance (used simply) is mostly confined to the title to land and tenements by a descent. Mozley & W. Men are not proprietors of what they have, merely for themselves; their children have a title to part of it which comes to be wholly theirs when death has put an end to their parents' use of it; and this we call inheritance. Locke. Inheritor In*her"it*or (?), n. One who inherits; an heir. Born inheritors of the dignity. Milton. Inheritress In*her"it*ress (?), n. A heiress. Milman. Inheritrix In*her"it*rix (?), n. Same as Inheritress. Shak. Inherse In*herse" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Inhearse. Inhesion In*he"sion (?), n. [L. inhaesio. See Inhere.] The state of existing, of being inherent, in something; inherence. A. Baxter. Constant inhesion and habitual abode. South. Inhiation In`hi*a"tion (?), n. [L. inhiatio, fr. inhiare to gape; pref. in- + hiare to gape.] A gaping after; eager desire; craving. [R.] Bp. Hall. Inhibit In*hib"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhibited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inhibiting.] [L. inhibitus, p. p. of inhibere; pref. in- in + habere to have, hold. See Habit.] 1. To check; to hold back; to restrain; to hinder. Their motions also are excited or inhibited . . . by the objects without them. Bentley. 2. To forbid; to prohibit; to interdict. All men were inhibited, by proclamation, at the dissolution, so much as to mention a Parliament. Clarendon. Burial may not be inhibited or denied to any one. Ayliffe. Inhibition In`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L. inhibitio: cf. F. inhibition.] 1. The act of inhibiting, or the state of being inhibited; restraint; prohibition; embargo. 2. (Physiol.) A stopping or checking of an already present action; a restraining of the function of an organ, or an agent, as a digestive fluid or ferment, etc.; as, the inhibition of the respiratory center by the pneumogastric nerve; the inhibition of reflexes, etc. 3. (Law) A writ from a higher court forbidding an inferior judge from further proceedings in a cause before; esp., a writ issuing from a higher ecclesiastical court to an inferior one, on appeal. Cowell. Inhibitor In*hib"i*tor (?), n. [NL.] That which causes inhibitory action; esp., an inhibitory nerve. Inhibitory In*hib"i*to*ry (?), a. [LL. inhibitorius: cf. F. inhibitoire.] Of or pertaining to, or producing, inhibition; consisting in inhibition; tending or serving to inhibit; as, the inhibitory action of the pneumogastric on the respiratory center. I would not have you consider these criticisms as inhibitory. Lamb. Inhibitory nerves (Physiol.), those nerves which modify, inhibit, or suppress a motor or secretory act already in progress. Inhibitory-motor In*hib"i*to*ry-mo"tor (?), a. (Physiol.) A term applied to certain nerve centers which govern or restrain subsidiary centers, from which motor impressions issue. McKendrick. Inhive In*hive" (?), v. t. To place in a hive; to hive. Inhold In*hold" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inheld (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inholding.] To have inherent; to contain in itself; to possess. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Inholder In*hold"er, n. An inhabitant. [Obs.] Spenser. Inhoop In*hoop" (?), v. t. To inclose in a hoop, or as in a hoop. [R.] Shak. Inhospitable In*hos"pi*ta*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + hospitable: cf. L. inhospitalis.] 1. Not hospitable; not disposed to show hospitality to strangers or guests; as, an inhospitable person or people. Have you no touch of pity, that the poor Stand starved at your inhospitable door? Cowper. 2. Affording no shelter or sustenance; barren; desert; bleak; cheerless; wild. "Inhospitable wastes." Blair. -- In*hos"pi*ta*ble*mess, n. -- In*hos"pi*ta*bly, adv. Inhospitality In*hos`pi*tal"i*ty (?), n. [L. inhospitalitas: cf. F. inhospitalit\'82. See In- not, and Hospitality.] The quality or state of being inhospitable; inhospitableness; lack of hospitality. Bp. Hall. Inhuman In*hu"man (?), a. [L. inhumanus: cf. F. inhumain. See In- not, and Human.] 1. Destitute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a human being; cruel; barbarous; savage; unfeeling; as, an inhuman person or people. 2. Characterized by, or attended with, cruelty; as, an inhuman act or punishment. Syn. -- Cruel; unfeeling; pitiless; merciless; savage; barbarous; brutal; ferocious; ruthless; fiendish. Inhumanity In`hu*man"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inhumanities (#). [L. inhumanitas: cf. F. inhumanit\'82.] The quality or state of being inhuman; cruelty; barbarity. Man's inhumanity to man Makes countless thousands mourn. Burns. Inhumanly In*hu"man*ly (?), adv. In an inhuman manner; cruelly; barbarously. Inhumate In*hu"mate (?), v. t. [L. inhumatus, p. p. of inhumare to inhume; pref. in- in + humare to cover with earth. See Humation, and cf. Inhume.] To inhume; to bury; to inter. Hedge. Inhumation In`hu*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inhumation.] 1. The act of inhuming or burying; interment. 2. (Old Chem.) The act of burying vessels in warm earth in order to expose their contents to a steady moderate heat; the state of being thus exposed. 3. (Med.) Arenation. Inhume In*hume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inhumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inhuming.] [Cf. F. inhumer. See Inhumate.] 1. To deposit, as a dead body, in the earth; to bury; to inter. Weeping they bear the mangled heaps of slain, Inhume the natives in their native plain. Pope. 2. To bury or place in warm earth for chemical or medicinal purposes. Inia In"i*a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American freshwater dolphin (Inia Boliviensis). It is ten or twelve feet long, and has a hairy snout. Inial In"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the inion. Inimaginable In`im*ag"i*na*ble (?), a. Unimaginable; inconceivable. [R.] Bp. Pearson. Inimical In*im"i*cal (?; 277), a. [L. inimicalis, fr. inimicus unfriendly, hostile; pref. in- not + amicus friendly. See Amity.] 1. Having the disposition or temper of an enemy; unfriendly; unfavorable; -- chiefly applied to private, as hostile is to public, enmity. 2. Opposed in tendency, influence, or effects; antagonistic; inconsistent; incompatible; adverse; repugnant. We are at war with a system, which, by its essence, is inimical to all other governments. Burke. Inimicality In*im`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being inimical or hostile; hostility; unfriendliness. [R.] Inimically In*im"i*cal*ly (?), adv. In an inimical manner. Inimicitious In*im`i*ci"tious (?), a. [L. inimicitia enmity. See Inimical.] Inimical; unfriendly. [R.] Sterne. Inimicous In*im"i*cous (?), a. [L. inimicus.] Inimical; hurtful. [Obs.] Evelyn. Inimitability In*im`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inimitable; inimitableness. Norris. Inimitable In*im"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. inimitabilis: cf. F. inimitable. See In- not, and Imitable.] Not capable of being imitated, copied, or counterfeited; beyond imitation; surpassingly excellent; matchless; unrivaled; exceptional; unique; as, an inimitable style; inimitable eloquence. "Inimitable force." Dryden. Performing such inimitable feats. Cowper. -- In*im"i*ta*ble*ness, n. -- In*im"i*ta*bly, adv. Inion In"i*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ini`on the back of the head.] (Anat.) The external occipital protuberance of the skull. Iniquitous In*iq"ui*tous (?), a. [From Iniquity.] Characterized by iniquity; unjust; wicked; as, an iniquitous bargain; an iniquitous proceeding. Demagogues . . . bribed to this iniquitous service. Burke. Syn. -- Wicked; wrong; unjust; unrighteous; nefarious; criminal. -- Iniquitous, Wicked, Nefarious. Wicked is the generic term. Iniquitous is stronger, denoting a violation of the rights of others, usually by fraud or circumvention. Nefarious is still stronger, implying a breach of the most sacred obligations, and points more directly to the intrinsic badness of the deed. Iniquitously In*iq"ui*tous*ly, adv. In an iniquitous manner; unjustly; wickedly. Iniquity In*iq"ui*ty (?), n.; pl. Iniquities (#). [OE. iniquitee, F. iniquit\'82, L. iniquitas, inequality, unfairness, injustice. See Iniquous.] 1. Absence of, or deviation from, just dealing; want of rectitude or uprightness; gross injustice; unrighteousness; wickedness; as, the iniquity of bribery; the iniquity of an unjust judge. Till the world from his perfection fell Into all filth and foul iniquity. Spenser. 2. An iniquitous act or thing; a deed of injustice o Milton. Your iniquities have separated between you and your God. Is. lix. 2. 3. A character or personification in the old English moralities, or moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one vice and sometimes of another. See Vice. Acts old Iniquity, and in the fit Of miming gets the opinion of a wit. B. Jonson. Iniquous In*i"quous (?), a. [L. iniquus; pref. in- not + aequus. See Equal.] Iniquitous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Inirritable In*ir"ri*ta*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + irritable: cf. F. inirritable.] Not irritable; esp. (Physiol.), incapable of being stimulated to action, as a muscle. -- In*ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty (#), n. Inirritative In*ir"ri*ta*tive (?), a. Not accompanied with excitement; as, an inirritative fever. E. Darwin. Inisle In*isle" (?), v. t. [Cf. Enisled.] To form into an island; to surround. [Obs.] Drayton. Initial In*i"tial (?), a. [L. initialis, from initium a going in, entrance, beginning, fr. inire to go into, to enter, begin; pref. in- in + ire to go: cf. F. initial. See Issue, and cf. Commence.] 1. Of or pertaining to the beginning; marking the commencement; incipient; commencing; as, the initial symptoms of a disease. 2. Placed at the beginning; standing at the head, as of a list or series; as, the initial letters of a name. Initial In*i"tial, n. The first letter of a word or a name. Initial In*i"tial, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Initialed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Initialing.] To put an initial to; to mark with an initial of initials. [R.] Initially In*i"tial*ly, adv. In an initial or incipient manner or degree; at the beginning. Barrow. Initiate In*i"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Initiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Initiating (?).] [L. initiatus, p. p. of initiare to begin, fr. initium beginning. See Initial.] 1. To introduce by a first act; to make a beginning with; to set afoot; to originate; to commence; to begin or enter upon. How are changes of this sort to be initiated? I. Taylor. 2. To acquaint with the beginnings; to instruct in the rudiments or principles; to introduce. Providence would only initiate mankind into the useful knowledge of her treasures, leaving the rest to employ our industry. Dr. H. More. To initiate his pupil into any part of learning, an ordinary skill in the governor is enough. Locke. 3. To introduce into a society or organization; to confer membership on; especially, to admit to a secret order with mysterious rites or ceremonies. The Athenians believed that he who was initiated and instructed in the mysteries would obtain celestial honor after death. Bp. Warburton. He was initiated into half a dozen clubs before he was one and twenty. Spectator. Initiate In*i"ti*ate, v. i. To do the first act; to perform the first rite; to take the initiative. [R.] Pope. Initiate In*i"ti*ate (?), a. [L. initiatus, p. p.] 1. Unpracticed; untried; new. [Obs.] "The initiate fear that wants hard use." Shak. 2. Begun; commenced; introduced to, or instructed in, the rudiments; newly admitted. To rise in science as in bliss, Initiate in the secrets of the skies. Young. Initiate tenant by courtesy (Law), said of a husband who becomes such in his wife's estate of inheritance by the birth of a child, but whose estate is not consummated till the death of the wife. Mozley & W. Initiate In*i"ti*ate, n. One who is, or is to be, initiated. Initiation In*i`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. initiatio: cf. F. initiation.] 1. The act of initiating, or the process of being initiated or introduced; as, initiation into a society, into business, literature, etc. "The initiation of coursers of events." Pope. 2. The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order. Silence is the first thing that is taught us at our initiation into sacred mysteries. Broome. Initiative In*i"ti*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. initiatif.] Serving to initiate; inceptive; initiatory; introductory; preliminary. Initiative In*i"ti*a*tive, n. [Cf. F. initiative.] 1. An introductory step or movement; an act which originates or begins. The undeveloped initiatives of good things to come. I. Taylor. 2. The right or power to introduce a new measure or course of action, as in legislation; as, the initiative in respect to revenue bills is in the House of Representatives. Initiator In*i"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who initiates. Initiatory In*i"ti*a*to*ry (?), a. 1. Suitable for an introduction or beginning; introductory; prefatory; as, an initiatory step. Bp. Hall. 2. Tending or serving to initiate; introducing by instruction, or by the use and application of symbols or ceremonies; elementary; rudimentary. Some initiatory treatises in the law. Herbert. Two initiatory rites of the same general import can not exist together. J. M. Mason. Initiatory In*i"ti*a*to*ry, n. An introductory act or rite. [R.] Inition In*i"tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. inition. See Initial.] Initiation; beginning. [Obs.] Sir R. Naunton. Inject In*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Injected; p. pr. & vb. n. Injecting.] [L. injectus, p. p. of inicere, injicere, to throw in; pref. in- in + jacere to throw: cf. F. injecter. See Jet a shooting forth.] 1. To throw in; to dart in; to force in; as, to inject cold water into a condenser; to inject a medicinal liquid into a cavity of the body; to inject morphine with a hypodermic syringe. 2. Fig.: To throw; to offer; to propose; to instill. C\'91sar also, then hatching tyranny, injected the same scrupulous demurs. Milton. 3. To cast or throw; -- with on. [R.] And mound inject on mound. Pope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 765 4. (Anat.) To fill (a vessel, cavity, or tissue) with a fluid or other substance; as, to inject the blood vessels. Injection In*jec"tion (?), n. [L. injectio : cf.F. injection.] 1. The act of injecting or throwing in; -- applied particularly to the forcible throwing in of a liquid, or a\'89riform body, by means of a syringe, pump, etc. 2. That which is injected; especially, a liquid medicine thrown into a cavity of the body by a syringe or pipe; a clyster; an enema. Mayne. 3. (Anat.) (a) The act or process of filling vessels, cavities, or tissues with a fluid or other substance. (b) A specimen prepared by injection. 4. (Steam Eng.) (a) The act of throwing cold water into a condenser to produce a vacuum. (b) The cold water thrown into a condenser. Injection cock, OR Injection valve (Steam Eng.), the cock or valve through which cold water is admitted into a condenser. -- Injection condenser. See under Condenser. -- Injection pipe, the pipe through which cold water is through into the condenser of a steam engine. Injector In*ject"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, injects. 2. (Mach.) A contrivance for forcing feed water into a steam boiler by the direct action of the steam upon the water. The water is driven into the boiler by the impulse of a jet of the steam which becomes condensed as soon as it strikes the stream of cold water it impels; -- also called Giffard's injector, from the inventor. <-- fuel injector -- a device for actively injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine --> Injelly In*jel"ly (?), v. t. To place in jelly. [R.] Injoin In*join" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Enjoin. Injoint In*joint (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + joint.] To join; to unite. [R.] Shak. Injoint In*joint, v. t. [Pref. in- in + joint.] To disjoint; to separate. [Obs.] Holland. Injucundity In`ju*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. injucunditas. See In- not, and Jocund.] Unpleassantness; disagreeableness. [Obs.] Cockeram. Injudicable In*ju"di*ca*ble (?), a. Not cognizable by a judge. [Obs.] Bailey. Injudicial In`ju*di"cial (?), a. Not according to the forms of law; not judicial. [R.] Injudicious In`ju*di"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + judicious; cf. F. injudicieux.] 1. Not judicious; wanting in sound judgment; undiscerning; indiscreet; unwise; as, an injudicious adviser. An injudicious biographer who undertook to be his editor and the protector of his memory. A. Murphy. 2. Not according to sound judgment or discretion; unwise; as, an injudicious measure. Syn. -- Indiscreet; inconsiderate; undiscerning; incautious; unwise; rash; hasty; imprudent. Injudiciously In`ju*di"cious*ly, adv. In an injudicious manner. Injudiciousness In`ju*di"cious*ness, n. The quality of being injudicious; want of sound judgment; indiscretion. Whitlock. Injunction In*junc"tion (?), n. [L. injunctio, fr. injungere, injunctum, to join into, to enjoin. See Enjoin.] 1. The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or prohibiting. 2. That which is enjoined; an order; a mandate; a decree; a command; a precept; a direction. For still they knew,and ought to have still remembered, The high injunction,not to taste that fruit. Milton. Necessary as the injunctions of lawful authority. South. 3. (Law) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, insome cases, under statutes, by a court of law,whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ. NOTE: &hand; It is mo re generally used as a preventive than as a restorative process, although by no means confined to the former. Wharton. Daniell. Story. Injure In"jure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Injured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Injuring.] [L. injuriari, fr. injuria injury, perh. through F. injurier to insult, in OF. also, to injure; or perhaps fr. E. injury, or F. injure injury. See Injury.] To do harm to; to impair the excellence and value of; to hurt; to damage; -- used in a variety of senses; as: (a) To hurt or wound, as the person; to impair soundness, as of health. (b) To damage or lessen the value of, as goods or estate. (c) To slander, tarnish, or impair, as reputation or character. (d) To impair or diminish, as happiness or virtue. (e) To give pain to, as the sensibilities or the feelings; to grieve; to annoy. (f) To impair, as the intellect or mind. When have I injured thee? when done thee wrong? Shak. Syn. -- To damage; mar; spoil; harm; sully; wrong; maltreat; abuse; insult; affront; dishonor. Injurer In"jur*er (?), n. One who injures or wrongs. Injuria In*ju"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Injurie (#). [L.] (Law) Injury; invasion of another's rights. Injurious In*ju"ri*ous (?), a. [L. injuriousus, injurius; cf. F. injurieux. See Injury.] 1. Not just; wrongful; iniquitous; culpable. [Obs.] Milton. Till the injurious Roman did extort This tribute from us, we were free. Shak. 2. Causing injury or harm; hurtful; harmful; detrimental; mischievous; as, acts injurious to health, credit, reputation, property, etc. Without being injurious to the memory of our English Pindar. Dryden. Syn. -- Harmful; hurtful; pernicious; mischievous; baneful; deleterious; noxious; ruinous; detrimental. Injuriously In*ju"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an injurious or hurtful manner; wrongfully; hurtfully; mischievously. Injuriousness In*ju"ri*ous*ness, n. The quality of being injurious or hurtful; harmfulness; injury. Injury In"ju*ry (?), n.; pl. Injuries (#). [OE. injurie, L. injuria, fr. injurius injurious, wrongful, unjust; pref. in- not + jus,juris, right,law,justice: cf. F. injure. See Just, a.] Any damage or violation of, the person, character, feelings, rights, property, or interests of an individual; that which injures, or occasions wrong, loss, damage, or detriment; harm; hurt; loss; mischief; wrong; evil; as, his health was impaired by a severe injury; slander is an injury to the character. For he that doeth injury shall receve that he did evil. Wyclif(Col. iii. 25). Many times we do injury to a cause by dwelling on trifling arguments. I. Watts. Riot ascends above their loftiest towers, And injury and outrage. Milton. NOTE: &hand; In jury in morals and jurisprudence is the intentional doing of wrong. Fleming. Syn. -- Harm; hurt; damage; loss; impairment; detriment; wrong; evil; injustice. Injustice In*jus"tice (?), n. [F. injustice, L. injustitia. See In- not, and Justice, and cf. Unjust.] 1. Want of justice and equity; violation of the rights of another or others; iniquity; wrong; unfairness; imposition. If this people [the Athenians] resembled Nero in their extravagance, much more did they resemble and even exceed him in cruelty and injustice. Burke. 2. An unjust act or deed; a sin; a crime; a wrong. Cunning men can be guilty of a thousand injustices without being discovered, or at least without being punished. Swift. Ink Ink (?), n. (Mach.) The step, or socket, in which the lower end of a millstone spindle runs. Ink Ink, n. [OE. enke, inke, OF. enque, F. encre, L. encaustum the purple red ink with which the Roman emperors signed their edicts, Gr. Encaustic, Caustic.] 1. A fluid, or a viscous material or preparation of various kinds (commonly black or colored), used in writing or printing. Make there a prick with ink. Chaucer. Deformed monsters, foul and black as ink. Spenser. 2. A pigment. See India ink, under India. NOTE: &hand; Or dinarily, bl ack in k is ma de from nutgalls and a solution of some salt of iron, and consists essentially of a tannate or gallate of iron; sometimes indigo sulphate, or other coloring matter,is added. Other black inks contain potassium chromate, and extract of logwood, salts of vanadium, etc. Blue ink is usually a solution of Prussian blue. Red ink was formerly made from carmine (cochineal), Brazil wood, etc., but potassium eosin is now used. Also red, blue, violet, and yellow inks are largely made from aniline dyes. Indelible ink is usually a weak solution of silver nitrate, but carbon in the form of lampblack or India ink, salts of molybdenum, vanadium, etc., are also used. Sympathetic inks may be made of milk, salts of cobalt, etc. See Sympathetic ink (below). Copying ink, a peculiar ink used for writings of which copies by impression are to be taken. -- Ink bag (Zo\'94l.), an ink sac. -- Ink berry. (Bot.) (a) A shrub of the Holly family (Ilex glabra), found in sandy grounds along the coast from New England to Florida, and producing a small black berry. (b) The West Indian indigo berry. See Indigo. -- Ink plant (Bot.), a New Zealand shrub (Coriaria thumifolia), the berries of which uield a juice which forms an ink. -- Ink powder, a powder from which ink is made by solution. -- Ink sac (Zo\'94l.), an organ, found in most cephalopods, containing an inky fluid which can be ejected from a duct opening at the base of the siphon. The fluid serves to cloud the water, and enable these animals to escape from their enemies. See Illust. of Dibranchiata. -- Printer's ink, OR Printing ink. See under Printing. -- Sympathetic ink, a writing fluid of such a nature that what is written remains invisible till the action of a reagent on the characters makes it visible. Ink Ink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inked (?nkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Inking.] To put ink upon; to supply with ink; to blacken, color, or daub with ink. Inker Ink"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inks; especially, in printing, the pad or roller which inks the type. Inkfish Ink"fish` (?), n. A cuttlefish. See Cuttlefish. Inkhorn Ink"horn` (?), n. [Ink + horn; cf. F. cornet \'85 encre, G. dintenhorn.] A small bottle of horn or other material formerly used for holding ink; an inkstand; a portable case for writing materials. "With a writer's inkhorn by his side." Ezek. ix. 2. From his pocket the notary drew his papers and inkhorn. Longfellow. Inkhorn Ink"horn", a. Learned; pedantic; affected. [Obs.] "Inkhorn terms." Bale. Inkhornism Ink"horn`ism (?), n. Pedantry. Sir T. Wilson. Inkiness Ink"i*ness (?), n. [From Inky.] The state or quality of being inky; blackness. Inking Ink"ing, a. Supplying or covering with ink. Inking roller, a somewhat elastic roller,used to spread ink over forms of type, copperplates, etc. -- Inking trough OR table, a trough or table from which the inking roller receives its ink. Inkle In"kle (?), n. [Prob.the same word as lingle, the first l being mistaken for the definite article in French. See Lingle.] A kind of tape or braid. Shak. Inkle In"kle, v. t. [OE. inklen to hint; cf. Dan. ymte to whisper.] To guess. [Prov. Eng.] "She inkled what it was." R. D. Blackmore. Inkling In"kling (?), n. A hint; an intimation. The least inkling or glimpse of this island. Bacon. They had some inkling of secret messages. Clarendon. Inknee In"knee` (?), n. Same as Knock-knee. Inkneed In"kneed` (?), a. See Knock-kneed. Inknot In*knot" (?), v. t. To fasten or bind, as with a knot; to knot together. Fuller. Inkstand Ink"stand` (?), n. A small vessel for holding ink, to dip the pen into; also, a device for holding ink and writing materials. Inkstone Ink"stone" (?), n. A kind of stone containing native vitriol or subphate of iron, used in making ink. Inky Ink"y (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, ink; soiled with ink; black. "Inky blots." Shak. "Its inky blackness." Boyle. Inlace In*lace" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inlaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inlacing (?).] [Pref. in- + lace: cf. OE. enlacen to entangle, involve, OF. enlacier, F. enlacer. See Lace, and cf. Enlace.] To work in, as lace; to embellish with work resembling lace; also, to lace or enlace. P. Fletcher. Inlagation In"la*ga"tion (?), n. [Law L. inlagatio, fr. inlagare to restore to law. See In, and Law.] (Old Eng. Law) The restitution of an outlawed person to the protection of the law; inlawing. Bouvier. Inlaid In*laid" (?), p. p. of Inlay. Inland In"land (?), a. 1. Within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open water; interior; as, an inland town. "This wide inland sea." Spenser. From inland regions to the distant main. Cowper. 2. Limited to the land, or to inland routes; within the seashore boundary; not passing on, or over, the sea; as, inland transportation, commerce, navigation, etc. 3. Confined to a country or state; domestic; not foreing; as, an inland bill of exchange. See Exchange. Inland In"land, n. The interior part of a country. Shak. Inland In"land, adv. Into, or towards, the interior, away from the coast. Cook. The greatest waves of population have rolled inland from the east. S. Turner. Inlander In"land*er (?), n. One who lives in the interior of a country, or at a distance from the sea. Sir T. Browne. Inlandish In"land*ish, a. Inland. [Obs.] T. Reeve(1657) Inlapidate In*lap"i*date (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. lapis, lapidis, stone.] To convert into a stony substance; to petrity. [R.] Bacon. Inlard In*lard" (?), v. t. See Inlard. Inlaw In*law" (?), v. t. [In + law. Cf. Inlagation.] (Old Eng. Law) To clear of outlawry or attainder; to place under the protection of the law. Burrill. <-- In"-law. A person who is related by marriage, as distinguished from a blood relative; esp. mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law --> Inlay In*lay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inlaied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inlaying.] To lay within; hence, to insert, as pieces of pearl, iviry, choice woods, or the like, in a groundwork of some other material; to form an ornamental surface; to diversify or adorn with insertions. Look,how the floor of heaven Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold. Shak. But these things are . . . borrowed by the monks to inlay their story. Milton. Inlay In"lay` (?), n. Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, etc., inlaid, or prepared for inlaying; that which is inserted or inlaid for ornament or variety. Crocus and hyacinth with rich inlay Broidered the ground. Milton. The sloping of the moonlit sward Was damask work, and deep inlay Of braided blooms. Tennyson. Inlayer In*lay"er (?), n. One who inlays, or whose occupation it is to inlay. Inleague In*league" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inleagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inleaguing (?).] To ally, or form an alliance witgh; to unite; to combine. With a willingness inleague our blood With his, for purchase of full growth in friendship. Ford. Inleaguer In*lea"guer (?), v. t. To beleaguer. Holland. Inlet In"let (?), n. 1. A passage by which an inclosed place may be entered; a place of ingress; entrance. Doors and windows,inlets of men and of light. Sir H. Wotton. 2. A bay or recess,as in the shore of a sea, lake, or large river; a narrow strip of water running into the land or between islands. 3. That which is let in or inland; an inserted material. NOTE: &hand; In let is al so us ewd ad jectively,as in inlet pipe, inlet valve, etc. Inlighten In*light"en (?), v. t. See Enlighten. Inlist In*list" (?), v. t. See Enlist. Inlive In*live" (?), v. t. To animate. [R.] B. Jonson. Inlock In*lock" (?), v. t. To lock in, or inclose. In loco In lo"co (?). [L.] In the place; in the proper or natural place. Inlumine In*lu"mine (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Illumine. Inly In"ly (?), a. [OE. inlich, AS. inl\'c6c. See In.] Internal; interior; secret. Didst thou but know the inly touch of love. Shak. Inly In"ly, adv. Internally; within; in the heart. "Whereat he inly raged." Milton. Inmacy In"ma*cy (?), n. [From Inmate.] The state of being an inmate. [R.] Craig. Inmate In"mate` (?), n. [In + mate an associate.] One who lives in the same house or apartment with another; a fellow lodger; esp.,one of the occupants of an asylum, hospital, or prison; by extension, one who occupies or lodges in any place or dwelling. So spake the enemy of mankind, inclos'd In serpent, inmate bad. Milton. Inmate In"mate`, a. Admitted as a dweller; resident; internal. [R.] "Inmate guests." Milton. Inmeats In"meats` (?), n.pl. The edible viscera of animals, as the heart, liver, etc. Inmesh In*mesh" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inmeshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inmeshing.] To bring within meshes, as of a net; to enmesh. Inmew In*mew" (?), v. t. [Cf.Emmew, Immew.] To inclose, as in a mew or cage. [R.] "Inmew the town below." Beau. & Fl. Inmost In"most` (?), a. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Foremost, Innermost.] Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. And pierce the inmost center of the earth. Shak. The silent, slow, consuming fires, Which on my inmost vitals prey. Addison. Inn Inn (?), n. [AS. in,inn, house, chamber, inn, from AS. in in; akin to Icel. inni house. See In.] 1. A place of shelter; hence, dwelling; habitation; residence; abode. [Obs.] Chaucer. Therefore with me ye may take up your inn For this same night. Spenser. 2. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers or wayfarers; a tavern; a public house; a hotel. NOTE: &hand; As distinguished from a private boarding house, an inn is a house for the entertainment of all travelers of good conduct and means of payment,as guests for a brief period,not as lodgers or boarders by contract. The miserable fare and miserable lodgment of a provincial inn. W. Irving. 3. The town residence of a nobleman or distinguished person; as, Leicester Inn. [Eng.] 4. One of the colleges (societies or buildings) in London, for students of the law barristers; as, the Inns of Court; the Inns of Chancery; Serjeants' Inns. Inns of chancery (Eng.), colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies, now occupied chiefly by attorneys, solicitors, etc. -- Inns of court (Eng.), the four societies of "students and practicers of the law of England" which in London exercise the exclusive right of admitting persons to practice at the bar; also, the buildings in which the law students and barristers have their chambers. They are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn. _________________________________________________________________ Page 766 Inn Inn (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inning.] To take lodging; to lodge. [R.] Addison. Inn Inn, v. t. 1. To house; to lodge. [Obs.] When he had brought them into his city And inned them, everich at his degree. Chaucer. 2. To get in; to in. See In, v. t. Innate In"nate (?), a. [L. innatus; pref. in- in + natus born, p.p. of nasci to be born. See Native.] 1. Inborn; native; natural; as, innate vigor; innate eloquence. 2. (Metaph.) Originating in, or derived from, the constitution of the intellect, as opposed to acquired from experience; as, innate ideas. See A priori, Intuitive. There is an innate light in every man, discovering to him the first lines of duty in the common notions of good and evil. South. Men would not be guilty if they did not carry in their mind common notions of morality,innate and written in divine letters. Fleming (Origen). If I could only show,as I hope I shall . . . how men, barely by the use of their natural faculties, may attain to all the knowledge they have, without the help of any innate impressions; and may arrive at certainty without any such original notions or principles. Locke. 3. (Bot.) Joined by the base to the very tip of a filament; as, an innate anther. Gray. Innate ideas (Metaph.), ideas, as of God, immortality, right and wrong, supposed by some to be inherent in the mind, as a priori principles of knowledge. Innate In*nate" (?), v. t. To cause to exit; to call into being. [Obs.] "The first innating cause." Marston. Innately In"nate*ly (?), adv. Naturally. Innateness In"nate*ness, n. The quality of being innate. Innative In*na"tive (?), a. Native. [Obs.] Chapman. Innavigable In*nav"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. innavigabilis : cf. F. innavigable. See In- not, and Navigable.] Incapable of being navigated; impassable by ships or vessels. Drygen. -- In*nav"i*ga*bly, adv. Inne Inne (?), adv. & prep. In. [Obs.] And eke in what array that they were inne. Chaucer. Inner In"ner (?), a. [AS. innera, a compar. fr. inne within, fr. in in. See In.] 1. Further in; interior; internal; not outward; as, an spirit or its phenomena. This attracts the soul, Governs the inner man,the nobler part. Milton. 3. Not obvious or easily discovered; obscure. Inner house (Scot.), the first and second divisions of the court of Session at Edinburgh; also,the place of their sittings. -- Inner jib (Naut.), a fore-and-aft sail set on a stay running from the fore-topmast head to the jib boom. -- Inner plate (Arch.), the wall plate which lies nearest to the center of the roof,in a double-plated roof. -- Inner post (Naut.), a piece brought on at the fore side of the main post, to support the transoms. -- Inner square (Carp.), the angle formed by the inner edges of a carpenter's square. Innerly In"ner*ly, adv. More within. [Obs.] Baret. Innermost In"ner*most` (?), a. [A corruption of inmost due to influence of inner. See Inmost.] Farthest inward; most remote from the outward part; inmost; deepest within. Prov. xviii. 8. Innermostly In"ner*most`ly, adv. In the innermost place. [R.] His ebon cross worn innermostly. Mrs. Browning. Innervate In*ner"vate (?), v. t. [See Innerve.] (Anat.) To supply with nerves; as, the heart is innervated by pneumogastric and sympathetic branches. Innervation In`ner*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. innervation.] 1. The act of innerving or stimulating. 2. (Physiol.) Special activity excited in any part of the nervous system or in any organ of sense or motion; the nervous influence necessary for the maintenance of life,and the functions of the various organs. 3. (Anat.) The distribution of nerves in an animal, or to any of its parts. Innerve In*nerve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innerved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Innerving.] [Pref. in- in + nerve.] To give nervous energy or power to; to give increased energy,force,or courage to; to invigorate; to stimulate. Innholder Inn"hold`er (?), n. One who keeps an inn. Inning In"ning (?), n. [AS. innung, fr. in in, prep. & adv.] 1. Ingathering; harvesting. [Obs.] Holland. 2. The state or turn of being in; specifically, in cricket, baseball, etc.,the turn or time of a player or of a side at the bat; -- often in the pl. Hence: The turn or time of a person, or a party, in power; as, the Whigs went out, and the Democrats had their innings. 3. pl. Lands recovered from the sea. Ainsworth. Innitency In*ni"ten*cy (?), n. [L. inniti, p.p. innixus, to lean upon; pref. in- in, on + niti to lean.] A leaning; pressure; weight. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Innixion In*nix"ion (?), n. [See Innitency.] Act of leaning upon something; incumbency. [Obs.] Derham. Innkeeper Inn"keep`er (?), n. An innholder. Innocence In"no*cence (?), n. [F. innocence, L. innocentia. See Innocent.] 1. The state or quality of being innocent; freedom from that which is harmful or infurious; harmlessness. 2. The state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin; purity of heart; blamelessness. The silence often of pure innocence Persuades when speaking fails. Shak. Banished from man's life his happiest life, Simplicity and spotless innocence! Milton. 3. The state or quality of being not chargeable for, or guilty of, a particular crime or offense; as, the innocence of the prisoner was clearly shown. 4. Simplicity or plainness, bordering on weakness or silliness; artlessness; ingenuousness. Chaucer. Shak. Syn. -- Harmlessness; innocuousness; blamelessness; purity; sinlessness; guiltlessness. Innocency In"no*cen*cy (?), n. Innocence. Innocent In"no*cent (?), a. [F.innocent, L. innocens, -entis; pref. in- not + nocens, p.pr. of nocere to harm, hurt. See Noxious.] 1. Not harmful; free from that which can injure; innoxious; innocuous; harmless; as, an innocent medicine or remedy. The spear Sung innocent,and spent its force in air. Pope. 2. Morally free from guilt; guiltless; not tainted with sin; pure; upright. To offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb. Shak. I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood. Matt. xxvii. 4. The aidless,innocent lady, his wished prey. Milton. 3. Free from the guilt of a particular crime or offense; as, a man is innocent of the crime charged. Innocent from the great transgression. Ps. xix. 13. 4. Simple; artless; foolish. Shak. 5. Lawful; permitted; as, an innocent trade. 6. Not contraband; not subject to forfeiture; as, innocent goods carried to a belligerent nation. Innocent party (Law),a party who has not notice of a fact tainting a litigated transaction with illegality. Syn. -- Harmless; innoxious; innoffensive; guiltless; spotless; immaculate; pure; unblamable; blameless; faultless; guileless; upright. Innocent In"no*cent, n. 1. An innocent person; one free from, or unacquainted with, guilt or sin. Shak. 2. An unsophisticated person; hence, a child; a simpleton; an idiot. B. Jonson. In Scotland a natural fool was called an innocent. Sir W. Scott. Innocents' day (Eccl.), Childermas day. Innocently In"no*cent*ly, adv. In an innocent manner. Innocuity In"no*cu"i*ty (?), n. Innocuousness. Innocuous In*noc"u*ous (?), a. [L. innocuus; in- not + nocuus hurtful, fr. nocere to hurt. See Innocent.] Harmless; producing no ill effect; innocent. A patient, innocuous, innocent man. Burton. -- In*noc"u*ous*ly, adv. -- In*noc"u*ous*ness, n. Where the salt sea innocuously breaks. Wordsworth. Innodate In"no*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innodated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Innodating (?).] [L. innodatus, p.p. of innodare; pref. in- in + nodus knot.] To bind up,as in a knot; to include. [Obs.] Fuller. Innominable In*nom"i*na*ble (?), a. [L. innominabilis; pref. in- not + nominare to name: cf. F. innominable.] Not to be named. [R.] Testament of Love. Innominate In*nom"i*nate (?), a. [L. innominatus; pref. in- not + nominare to name.] 1. Having no name; unnamed; as, an innominate person or place. [R.] Ray. 2. (Anat.) A term used in designating many parts otherwise unnamed; as, the innominate artery, a great branch of the arch of the aorta; the innominate vein, a great branch of the superior vena cava. Innominate bone (Anat.), the great bone which makes a lateral half of the pelvis in mammals; hip bone; haunch bone; huckle bone. It is composed of three bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis, consolidated into one in the adult, though separate in the fetus, as also in many adult reptiles and amphibians. -- Innominate contracts (Law), in the Roman law, contracts without a specific name. Innovate In"no*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Innovated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Innovating (?).] [L. innovatus,p.p. of innovare to revew; pref. in- in + novare to make new,fr. novus new. See New.] 1. To bring in as new; to introduce as a novelty; as, to innovate a word or an act. [Archaic] 2. To change or alter by introducing something new; to remodel; to revolutionize. [Archaic] Burton. From his attempts upon the civil power, he proceeds to innovate God's worship. South. Innovate In"no*vate, v. i. To introduce novelties or changes; -- sometimes with in or on. Bacon. Every man,therefore,is not fit to innovate. Dryden. Innovation In`no*va"tion (?), n. [L. innovatio; cf. F. innovation.] 1. The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc. Dryden. 2. A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something new, and contrary to established customs, manners, or rites. Bacon. The love of things ancient doth argue stayedness, but levity and want of experience maketh apt unto innovations. Hooker. 3. (Bot.) A newly formed shoot, or the annually produced addition to the stems of many mosses. Innovationist In`no*va"tion*ist, n. One who favors innovation. Innovative In"no*va*tive (?), a. Characterized by, or introducing, innovations. Fitzed. Hall. Innovator In"no*va`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. innovateur.] One who innovates. Shak. Innoxious In*nox"ious (?), a. [L. innoxius. See In- not, and Noxious.] 1. Free from hurtful qualities or effects; harmless. "Innoxious flames." Sir K. Digby. 2. Free from crime; pure; innocent. Pope. -- In*nox`ious*ly, adv. -- In*nox"ious*ness, n. Innubilous In*nu"bi*lous (?), a. [L. innubilus. See Nubilous.] Cloudless. [Obs.] Blount. Innuendo In`nu*en"do (?), n.; pl. Innuedoes(. [L., by intimation, by hinting, gerund of innuere, innutum, to give a nod, to intimate; pref. in- in, to + -nuere (in comp.) to nod. See Nutation.] 1. An oblique hint; a remote allusion or reference, usually derogatory to a person or thing not named; an insinuation. Mercury . . . owns it a marriage by an innuendo. Dryden. Pursue your trade of scandal picking; Your innuendoes, when you tell us, That Stella loves to talk with fellows. Swift. 2. (Law) An averment employed in pleading, to point the application of matter otherwise unintelligible; an interpretative parenthesis thrown into quoted matter to explain an obscure word or words; -- as, the plaintiff avers that the defendant said that he (innuendo the plaintiff) was a thief. Wharton. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is so ap plied fr om ha ving be en th e introductory word of this averment or parenthetic explanation when pleadings were in Latin. The word "meaning" is used as its equivalent in modern forms. Syn. -- Insinuation; suggestion; hint; intimation; reference; allusion; implication; representation; -- Innuendo, Insinuation. An innuendo is an equivocal allusion so framed as to point distinctly at something which is injurious to the character or reputation of the person referred to. An insinuation turns on no such double use of language, but consists in artfully winding into the mind imputations of an injurious nature without making any direct charge. Innuent In"nu*ent (?), a. [L.innuens, p.pr.] Conveying a hint; significant. [Obs.] Burton. Innuit In"nu*it, n. [Native name.] (Ethnol.) An Eskimo. Innumerability In*nu`mer*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. innumerabilitas.] State of being innumerable. Fotherby. Innumerable In*nu`mer*a*ble (?), a. [L. innumerabilis : cf.F. innumefable. See In- not, and Numerable.] Not capable of being counted, enumerated, or numbered, for multitude; countless; numberless; unnumbered, hence, indefinitely numerous; of great number. Innumerable as the stars of night. Milton. -- In*nu"mer*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*nu"mer*a*bly, adv. Innumerous In*nu"mer*ous (?), a. [L. innumerosus, innumerus. See Numerous.] Innumerable. [Archaic] Milton. Innutrition In`nu*tri"tion (?), n. Want of nutrition; failure of nourishment. E. Darwin. Innutritious In`nu*tri"tious (?), a. Not nutritious; not furnishing nourishment. Innutritive In*nu"tri*tive (?), a. Innutritious. Innyard Inn"yard` (?), n. The yard adjoining an inn. Inobedience In`o*be"di*ence (?), n. [L. inoboedientia : cf.F. inobedience.] Disobedience. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer. Inobedient In`o*be"di*ent (?), a. [L. inoboediens, p.pr. of inoboedire : cf.F. inobedient. See Obedient.] Not obedient; disobedient. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- In`o*be"di*ent*ly, adv. [Obs.] Inobservable In`ob*serv"a*ble (?), a. [L. inobservabilis : cf. F. inobservable. See In- not, and Observable.] Not observable. Inobservance In`ob*serv"ance (?), a. [L. inobservantia : cf. F. inobservance.] Want or neglect of observance. Bacon. Inobservant In`ob*serv"ant (?), a. [L. inobservans. See In- not, and Observant.] Not observant; regardless; heedless. Bp. Hurd. -- In`ob*serv"ant*ly, adv. Inobservation In*ob`ser*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inobservation.] Neglect or want of observation. [R.] Inobtrusive In`ob*tru"sive (?), a. Not obtrusive; unobtrusive. -- In`ob*tru"sive*ly, adv. -- In`ob*tru"sive*ness, n. Inocarpin In`o*car"pin (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A red, gummy, coloring matter, extracted from the colorless juice of the Otaheite chestnut (Inocarpus edulis). Inoccupation In*oc`cu*pa"tion, n. Want of occupation. Inoceramus In`o*cer"a*mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of large, fossil, bivalve shells,allied to the mussels. The genus is characteristic of the Cretaceous period. Inoculability In*oc`u*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The qual ity or state of being inoculable. Inoculable In*oc"u*la*ble (?), a. [See Inoculate.] Capable of being inoculated; capable of communicating disease, or of being communicated, by inoculation. Inocular In*oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l) Inserted in the corner of the eye; -- said of the antenn Inoculate In*oc"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inoculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inoculating (?),.] [L. inoculatus, p.p. of inoculare to ingraft; pref. in- in,on + oculare to furnish with eyes, fr. oculus an eye, also, a bud. See Ocular.] 1. To bud; to insert, or graft, as the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant. 2. To insert a foreign bud into; as, to inoculate a tree. 3. (Med.) To communicate a disease to ( a person ) by inserting infectious matter in the skin or flesh; as, to inoculate a person with the virus of smallpox,rabies, etc. See Vaccinate. 4. Fig.: To introduce into the mind; -- used especially of harmful ideas or principles; to imbue; as, to inoculate one with treason or infidelity. Inoculate In*oc"u*late, v. i. 1. To graft by inserting buds. 2. To communicate disease by inoculation. Inoculation In*oc"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. inoculatio: cf. F. inoculation.] 1. The act or art of inoculating trees or plants. 2. (Med.) The act or practice of communicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting contagious matter in his skin or flesh. NOTE: &hand; Th e us e wa s fo rmerly li mited to th e intentional communication of the smallpox, but is now extended to include any similar introduction of modified virus; as, the inoculation of rabies by Pasteur. 3. Fig.: The communication of principles, especially false principles, to the mind. Inoculator In*oc"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. inoculateur.] One who inoculates; one who propagates plants or diseases by inoculation. _________________________________________________________________ Page 767 Inodiate In*o"di*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. odium hatred.] To make odious or hateful. [Obs.] South. Inodorate In*o"dor*ate (?), a. Inodorous. [Obs.] Bacon. Inodorous In*o"dor*ous (?), a. [L. inodorus. See In- not, and Odorous.] Emitting no odor; wthout smell; scentless; odorless. -- In*o"dor*ous*ness, n. Inoffensive In"of*fen"sive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + offensiue: cf. F. inoffensif.] 1. Giving no offense, or provocation; causing no uneasiness, annoyance, or disturbance; as, an inoffensive man, answer, appearance. 2. Harmless; doing no injury or mischief. Dryden. 3. Not obstructing; presenting no interruption bindrance. [R.] Milton. So have Iseen a river gintly glide In a smooth course, and inoffensive tide. Addison. -- In"of*fen"sive*ly, adv. -- In"of*fen"sive*ness, n. Inofficial In"of*fi"cial (?), a. Not official; not having official sanction or authoriy; not according to the forms or ceremony of official business; as, inofficial intelligence. Pinckney and Marshall would not make inofficial visits to discuss official business. Pickering. Syn. -- Private; informal; unwarranted; unauthorizod; irregular; unceremonious; unprofessional. Inofficially In`of*fi"cial*ly, adv. Without the usual forms, or not in the official character. Inofficious In`of*fi"cious (?), a. [L. inofficiosus: cf. F.inofficieux. See In- not, and Officious.] 1. Indifferent to obligation or duty. [Obs.] Thou drown'st thyself in inofficious sleep. B. Jonson. 2. Not officious; not civil or attentive. [Obs.] Jonhson. 3. (Law) Regardless of natural obligation; contrary to natural duty; unkind; -- commonly said of a testament made without regard to natural obligation, or by which a child is unjustly deprived of inheritance. "The inofficious testament." Blackstone. "An inofficious disposition of his fortune." Paley. Inofficiously In`of*fi"cious*ly, adv. Not-officiously. Inogen In"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol.) A complex nitrogenous substance, which, by Hermann's hypothesis, is continually decomposed and reproduced in the muscles, during their life. Inoperation In*op`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. inoperari to effect; pref. in- in + operari to operate.] Agency; influence; production of effects. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Inoperative In*op"er*a*tive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + operative.] Not operative; not active; producing no effects; as, laws renderd inoperative by neglect; inoperative remedies or processes. Inopercular, Inoperculate In`o*per"cu*lar (?), In`o*per"cu*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having no operculum; -- said of certain gastropod shells. Inopinable In`o*pin"a*ble (?), a. [L. inopinabilis. See Inopinate.] Not to be expected; inconceivable. [Obs.] "Inopinable, incredible . . . saings." Latimer. Inopinate In*op"i*nate (?), a. [L. inopinatus. See In- not, and Opine.] Not expected or looked for. [Obs.] Inopportune In*op`por*tune" (, a. [L. inopportunus: cf. F. inopportun. See In- not, and Opportune.] Not opportune; inconvenient; unseasonable; as, an inopportune occurrence, remark, etc. No visit could have been more inopportune. T. Hook. Inopportunely In*op`por*tune"ly, adv. Not opportunely; unseasonably; inconveniently. Inopportunity In*op`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n. Want of opportunity; unseasonableness; inconvenience. [R.] Inoppressive In`op*press"ive (?), a. Not oppressive or burdensome. O. Wolcott. Inopulent In*op"u*lent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + opulent: cf. F. inopulent.] Not opulent; not affluent or rich. Inordinacy In*or"di*na*cy (?), n. The state or quality of being inordinate; excessiveness; immoderateness; as, the inordinacy of love or desire. Jer. Taylor. Inordinate In*or"di*nate (?), a. [L. inordinatus disordered. See In- not, and Ordinate.] Not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds; irregular; excessive; immoderate; as, an inordinate love of the world. "Inordinate desires." Milton. "Inordinate vanity." Burke. -- In*or"di*nate*ly, adv. -- In*or"di*nate*ness, n. Inordination In*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [L. inordinatio.] Deviation from custom, rule, or right; irregularity; inordinacy. [Obs.] South. Every inordination of religion that is not in defect, is properly called superstition. Jer. Taylor. Inorganic In`or*gan"ic (?), a. [Pref. in- not + organic: cf. F. inorganique.] Not organic; without the organs necessary for life; devoid of an organized structure; unorganized; lifeness; inanimate; as, all chemical compounds are inorganic substances. NOTE: &hand; The term inorganic is used to denote any one the large series of substances (as minerals, metals, etc.), which are not directly connected with vital processes, either in origin or nature, and which are broadly and relatively contrasted with organic subscances. See Organic. Inorganic Chemistry. See under Chemistry. Inorganical In`or*gan"ic*al (?), a. Inorganic. Locke. Inorganically In`or*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. In an inorganic manner. Inorganity In`or*gan"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being inorganic. [Obs.] "The inorganity of the soul." Sir T. Browne. Inorganization In*or`gan*i*za"tion (?), n. The state of being without organization. Inorganized In*or"gan*ized (?), a. Not having organic structure; devoid of organs; inorganic. Inorthography In`or*thog"ra*phy (?), n. Deviation from correct orthography; bad spelling. [Obs.] Feltham. Inosculate In*os"cu*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inosculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inosculating (?).] [Pref. in- in + osculate.] 1. To unite by apposition or contact, as two tubular vessels at their extremities; to anastomose. 2. To intercommunicate; to interjoin. The several monthly divisions of the journal may inosculate, but not the several volumes. De Quincey. Inosculate In*os"cu*late (?), v. t. 1. To unite by apposition or contact, as two vessels in an animal body. Berkeley. 2. To unite intimately; to cause to become as one. They were still together, grew (For so they said themselves) inosculated. Tennyson. Inosculation In*os`cu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inosculation.] The junction or connection of vessels, channels, or passages, so that their contents pass from one to the other; union by mouths or ducts; anastomosis; intercommunication; as, inosculation of veins, etc. Ray. Inosinic In`o*sin"ic (?), a. [From Inosite.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, inosite; as, inosinic acid. Inosite In"o*site (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A white crystalline substance with a sweet taste, found in certain animal tissues and fluids, particularly in the muscles of the heart and lungs, also in some plants, as in unripe pease, beans, potato sprouts, etc. Called also phaseomannite. NOTE: &hand; Ch emically,it ha s the composition represented by the formula, C6H12O6+H2O, and was formerly regarded as a carbohydrate, isomeric with dextrose, but is now known to be an aromatic compound (a hexacid phenol derivative of benzene). Inoxidizable In*ox"idi`za*ble (?), a. (Chem.) Incapable of being oxidized; as, gold and platinum are inoxidizable in the air. Inoxidize In*ox"i*dize (?), v. i. To prevent or hinder oxidation, rust, or decay; as, inoxidizing oils or varnishes. In posse In` pos"se (?). [L.] In possibility; possible, although not yet in existence or come to pass; -- contradistinguished from in esse. Inquartation In`quar*ta"tion (?), n. Quartation. Inquest In"quest (?), n. [OE. enqueste, OF. enqueste, F. enqu\'88te, LL. inquesta, for inquisita, fr. L. inquisitus, p.p. of inquirere. See Inquire.] 1. Inquiry; quest; search. [R.] Spenser. The laborious and vexatious inquest that the soul must make after science. South. 2. (Law) (a) Judicial inquiry; official examination, esp. before a jury; as, a coroner's inquest in case of a sudden death. (b) A body of men assembled under authority of law to inquire into any matterm civil or criminal, particularly any case of violent or sudden death; a jury, particularly a coroner's jury. The grand jury is sometimes called the grand inquest. See under Grand. (c) The finding of the jury upon such inquiry. Coroner's inquest, an inquest held by a coroner to determine the cause of any violent, sudden, or mysterious death. See Coroner. -- Inquest of office, an inquiry made, by authority or direction of proper officer, into matters affecting the rights and interests of the crown or of the state. Craig. Bouvier. Inquiet In*qui"et (?), v. t. [L. inquietare: cf. F. inquieter. See Quiet.] To disquiet. [Obs.] Joye. Inquietation In*qui`e*ta"tion (?), n. [L. inquietatio : cf. F. inquielation.] Disturbance. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Inquietness In*qui"et*ness, n. Unquietness. [Obs.] Joye. Inquietude In*qui"e*tude (?), n. [L. inquietudo: cf. F. inquietude.] Disturbed state; uneasiness either of body or mind; restlessness; disquietude. Sir H. Wotton. Inquiline In"qui*line (?), n. [L. inquilinus a tenant, lodger.] (Zo\'94l.) A gallfly which deposits its eggs in galls formed by other insects. Inquinate In"qui*nate (?), v. t. [L. inquinatus, p.p. of inquinare to defile.] To defile; to pollute; to contaminate; to befoul. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Inquination In`qui*na"tion (?), n. [L. inquinatio.] A defiling; pollution; stain. [Obs.] Bacon. Inquirable In*quir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. enquerable.] Capable of being inquired into; subject or liable to inquisition or inquest. Bacon. Inquirance In*quir"ance (?), n. Inquiry. [Obs.] Latimer. Inquire In*quire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inquired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inquiring.] [OE. enqueren, inqueren, OF. enquerre, F. enqu\'82rir, L. inquirere, inquisitum; pref. in- in + quarere to seek. See Quest a seeking, and cf. Inquiry.] [Written also enquire.] 1. To ask a question; to seek for truth or information by putting queries. We will call the damsel, and inquire. Gen. xxiv. 57. Then David inquired of the Lord yet again. And the Lord answered him. 1 Sam. xxiii. 4. 2. To seek to learn anything by recourse to the proper means of knoledge; to make examination. And inquire Gladly into the ways of God with man. Miltom. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is followed by of before the person asked; as, to inquire of a neighbor. It is followed by concerning, after, or about, before the subject of inquiry; as, his friends inquired about or concerning his welfare. "Thou dost not inquire wisely concerning this." Eccl. vii. 10. It is followed by into when search is made for particular knowledge or information; as, to inquire into the cause of a sudden death. It is followed by for or after when a place or person is sought, or something is missing. "Inquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul of Tarsus." Acts ix. 11. Inquire In*quire", v. t. 1. To ask about; to seek to know by asking; to make examination or inquiry respecting. Having thus at length inquired the truth concerning law and dispense. Milton. And all obey and few inquire his will. Byron. 2. To call or name. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. -- To ask; question. See Question. Inquirent In*quir"ent (?), a. [L. inquirens, p. pr.] Making inquiry; inquiring; questioning. [Obs.] Shenstone. Inquirer In*quir"er (?), n. [Written also enquirer.] One who inquires or examines; questioner; investigator. Locke. Expert inquirers after truth. Cowper. Inquiring In*quir"ing, a. Given to inquiry; disposed to investigate causes; curious; as, an inquiring mind. Inquiringly In*quir"ing*ly, adv. In an inquiring manner. Inquiry In*quir"y (?), n.; pl. Inquiries (#). [See Inquire.] [Written also enquiry.] 1. The act of inquiring; a seeking for information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning. He could no path nor track of foot descry, Nor by inquiry learn, nor guess by aim. Spenser. The men which were sent from Cornelius had made inquiry for Simon's house, and stood before the gate. Acts x. 17. 2. Search for truth, information, or knoledge; examination into facts or principles; research; invextigation; as, physical inquiries. All that is wanting to the perfection of this art will undoubtedly be found, if able men . . . will make inquiry into it. Dryden. Court of inquiry. See under Court. -- Writ of inquiry, a writ issued in certain actions at law, where the defendant has suffered judgment to pass against him by default, in order to ascertain and assess the plaintiff's damages, where they can not readily be ascertained by mere calculation. Burrill. Syn. -- Interrogation; interrogatory; question; query; scrutiny; investigation; research; examination. Inquisible In*quis"i*ble (?), a. Admitting judicial inquiry. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Inquisition In`qui*si"tion (?), n. [L. inquisitio : cf. F. inquisition. See Inquire, and cf. Inquest.] 1. The act of inquiring; inquiry; search; examination; inspection; investigation. As I could learn through earnest inquisition. Latimer. Let not search and inquisition quail To bring again these foolish runaways. Shak. 2. (Law) (a) Judicial inquiry; official examination; inquest. (b) The finding of a jury, especially such a finding under a writ of inquiry. Bouvier. The justices in eyre had it formerly in charge to make inquisition concerning them by a jury of the county. Blackstone. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A court or tribunal for the examination and punishment of heretics, fully established by Pope Gregory IX. in 1235. Its operations were chiefly confined to Spain, Portugal, and their dependencies, and a part of Italy. Inquisition In`qui*si"tion, v. t. To make inquisistion concerning; to inquire into. [Obs.] Milton. Inquisitional In`qui*si"tion*al (?), a. [LL. inquisitionalis.] Relating to inquiry or inquisition; inquisitorial; also, of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Inquisition. All the inquisitional rigor . . . executed upon books. Milton. Inquisitionary In`qui*si"tion*a*ry, (, a. [Cf. F. inquisitionnaire.] [R.] Inquisitional. Inquisitive In*quis"i*tive (?), a. [OE. inquisitif, F. inquisitif.] 1. Disposed to ask questions, especially in matters which do not concern the inquirer. A wise man is not inquisitive about things impertinent. Broome. 2. Given to examination, investigation, or research; searching; curious. A young, inquisitive, and sprightly genius. I. Watts. Syn. -- Inquiring; prying; curious; meddling; intrusive. -- Inquisitive, Curious, Prying. Curious denotes a feeling, and inquisitive a habit. We are curious when we desire to learn something new; we are inquisitive when we set ourselves to gain it by inquiry or research. Prying implies inquisitiveness, and is more commonly used in a bad sense, as indicating a desire to penetrate into the secrets of others. [We] curious are to hear, What happens new. Milton. This folio of four pages [a newspaper], happy work! Which not even critics criticise; that holds Inquisitive attention, while I read. Cowper. Nor need we with a prying eye survey The distant skies, to find the Milky Way. Creech. Inquisitive In*quis"i*tive, n. A person who is inquisitive; one curious in research. Sir W. Temple. Inquisitively In*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. In an inquisitive manner. The occasion that made him afterwards so inquisitively apply himself to the study of physic. Boyle. Inquisitiveness In*quis"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being inquisitive; the disposition to seek explanation and information; curiosity to learn what is unknown; esp., uncontrolled and impertinent curiosity. Mr. Boswell, whose inquisitiveness is seconded by great activity, scrambled in at a high window. Johnson. Curiosity in children nature has provided, to remove that ignorance they were born with; which, without this busy inquisitiveness, will make them dull. Locke. Inquisitor In*quis"i*tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. inquisiteur. See Inquire.] 1. An inquisitive person; one fond of asking questions. [R.] "Inquisitors are tatlers." Feltham. 2. (Law) One whose official duty it is to examine and inquire, as coroners, sheriffs, etc. Mozley & W. 3. (R.C.Ch.) A member of the Court of Inquisition. Inquisitorial In*quis`i*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. inquisitorial.] 1. Pertaining to inquisition; making rigorous and unfriendly inquiry; searching; as, inquisitorial power. "Illiberal and inquisitorial abuse." F. Blackburne. He conferred on it a kind of inquisitorial and censorious power even over the laity, and directed it to inquire into all matters of conscience. Hume. 2. Pertaining to the Court of Inquisition or resembling its practices. "Inquisitorial robes." C. Buchanan. Inquisitorially In*quis`i*to"ri*al*ly, adv. In an inquisitorial manner. Inquisitorious In*quis`i*to"ri*ous (?), a. Making strict inquiry; inquisitorial. [Obs.] Milton. Inquisiturient In*quis`i*tu"ri*ent (?), a. Inquisitorial. [Obs.] "Our inquisiturient bishops." Milton. Inracinate In*rac"i*nate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + F. racine root: cf. F. enraciner.] To enroot or implant. Inrail In*rail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inrailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inrailing.] To rail in; to inclose or surround, as with rails. Hooker. Inregister In*reg"is*ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inreristered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inregistering.] [Pref. in- in + register: cf. F. enregistrer. Cf. Enregister.] To register; to enter, as in a register. [R.] Walsh. Inroad In"road` (?), n. The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of hostility; a sudden or desultory incursion or invasion; raid; encroachment. The loss of Shrewsbury exposed all North Wales to the daily inroads of the enemy. Clarendon. With perpetual inroads to alarm, Though inaccessible, his fatal throne. Milton. Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; irruption. See Invasion. _________________________________________________________________ Page 768 Inroad In*road" (?), v.t [imp. & p. p. Inroaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Inroading.] To make an inroad into; to invade. [Obs.] The Saracens . . . conquered Spain, inroaded Aquitaine. Fuller. Inroll In*roll" (?), v. t. See Enroll. Inrunning In"run`ning (?), n. The act or the place of entrance; an inlet. Tennyson. Inrush In"rush` (?), n. A rush inwards; as, the inrush of the tide. G. Eliot. Inrush In*rush" (?), v. i. To rush in. [Obs.] Holland. Insabbatati In*sab`ba*ta"ti (?), n. pl. [LL. Insabatati. See 1st In-, and Sabot.] The Waldenses; -- so called from their peculiary cut or marked sabots, or shoes. Insafety In*safe"ty (?), n. Insecurity; danger. [Obs.] Insalivation In*sal`i*va"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The mixing of the food with the saliva and other secretions of the mouth in eating. Insalubrious In`sa*lu"bri*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + salubrious: cf. L. insalubris, F. insalubre.] Not salubrious or healthful; unwholesome; as, an insalubrious air or climate. Insalubrity In`sa*lu"bri*ty (?), n. [Cf.F. insalubrite.] Unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness; as, the insalubrity of air, water, or climate. Boyle. Insalutary In*sal"u*ta*ry (?), a. [L. insaluteris : cf. F. insalutaire. See In- not, and Salutary.] 1. Not salutary or wholesome; unfavorable to health. 2. Not tending to safety; productive of evil. Insanability In*san`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being insanable or incurable; insanableness. Insanable In*san"a*ble (?), a. [L. insanabilis; cf. OF. insanable. See In- not, and Sanable.] Not capable of being healed; incurable; irremediable. Insanableness In*san"a*ble*ness, n. The state of being insanable; insanability; incurableness. Insanably In*san"a*bly, adv. In an incurable manner. Insane In*sane" (?), a. [L. insanus. See In- not, and Sane.] 1. Exhibiting unsoundness or disorded of mind; not sane; mad; deranged in mind; delirious; distracted. See Insanity, 2. 2. Used by, or appropriated to, insane persons; as, an insane hospital. 3. Causing insanity or madness. [R.] Or have we eaten on the insaneroot That takes the reason prisoner ? Shak. 4. Characterized by insanity or the utmost folly; chimerical; unpractical; as, an insane plan, attempt, etc. I know not which was the insane measure. Southey. Insanely In*sane"ly, adv. Without reason; madly; foolishly. Insaneness In*sane"ness, n. Insanity; madness. Insaniate In*sa"ni*ate (?), v. t. To render unsound; to make mad. [Obs.] Feltham. Insanie In*sa"nie (?), n. Insanity. [Obs.] Shak. Insanitary In*san"i*ta*ry (?), a. Not sanitary; unhealthy; as, insanitary conditions of drainage. Insanitation In*san`i*ta"tion (?), n. Lack of sanitation; careless or dangerous hygienic conditions. Insanity In*san"i*ty (?), n. [L. insanitas unsoundness; cf. insania insanity, F. insanite.] 1. The state of being insane; unsoundness or derangement of mind; madness; lunacy. All power of fancy overreason is a degree of insanity. Johnson. Without grace The heart's insanity admits no cure. Cowper. 2. (Law) Such a mental condition, as, either from the existence of delusions, or from incapacity to distinguish between right and wrong, with regard to any matter under action, does away with individual responsibility. Syn>- Insanity, Lunacy, Madness, Derangement, Aliention, Aberration, Mania, Delirium, Frenzy, Monomania, Dementia. Insanity is the generic term for all such diseases; lunacy has now an equal extent of meaning, though once used to denote periodical insanity; madness has the same extent, though originally referring to the rage created by the disease; derangement, alienation, are popular terms for insanity; delirium, mania, and frenzy denote excited states of the disease; dementia denotes the loss of mental power by this means; monomania is insanity upon a single subject. Insapory In*sa"po*ry (?), a. [Pref. in- not + sapor.] Tasteless; unsavory. [R.] Sir T. Herbert. Insatiability In*sa`tia*bil"i*ty (?), n., [L. insatiabilitas; cf. F. insatiabilite.] The state or quality of being insatiable; insatiableness. Eagerness for increase of possession deluges the soul, and we sink into the gulfs of insatiability. Rambler. Insatiable In*sa"tia*ble (?), a. [F. insatiable, L. ionsatiabilis. See In- not, and Satiable.] Not satiable; incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very greedy; as, an insatiable appetite, thirst, or desire. "Insatiable of glory." Milton. Insatiableness In*sa"tia*ble*ness, n. Greediness of appetite that can not be satisfied or appeased; insatiability. The eye of the covetous hath a more particular insatiableness. Bp. Hall. Insatiably In*sa"tia*bly, adv. In an insatiable manner or degree; unappeasably. "Insatiably covetous." South. Insatiate In*sa"ti*ate (?), a. [L. insatiatus.] Insatiable; as, insatiate thirst. The insatiate greediness of his desires. Shak. And still insatiate, thirsting still for blood. Hook. Insatiately In*sa"ti*ate*ly, adv. Insatiably. Sir T. Herbert. Insatiateness In*sa"ti*ate*ness, n. The state of being insatiate. Insatiety In`sa*ti"e*ty (?), n. [L. insatietas: cf. F. insatiete. See Satiety.] Insatiableness. T. Grander. Insatisfaction In*sat`is*fac"tion (?), n. 1. Insufficiency; emptiness. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. Dissatisfaction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Insaturable In*sat"u*ra*ble (?), a. [L. insaturabilis: cf. F. insaturable. See In- not, and Saturable.] Not capable of being saturated or satisfied. Inscience In"science (?), n. [L. inscientia: cf.F. inscience.] Want of knowledge; ignorance. [Obs.] Inscient In"scient (?), a. [L. insciens, -entis, ignorant. See In- not, and Scient, Science.] Having little or no knowledge; ignorant; stupid; silly. [R.] N. Bacon. Inscient In"scient, a. [Pref. in- in + L. sciens knowing.] Having knowledge or insight; intelligent. [R.] Gaze on, with inscient vision, toward the sun. Mrs. Browning. Insconce In*sconce" (?), v. t. See Ensconce. Inscribable In*scrib"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being inscribed, -- used specif. (Math.) of solids or plane figures capable of being inscribed in other solids or figures. Inscribableness In*scrib"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being inscribable. Inscribe In*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inscribing.] [L. inscribere. See 1st In-, and Scribe.] 1. To write or engrave; to mark down as something to be read; to imprint. Inscribe a verse on this relenting stone. Pope. 2. To mark with letters, charakters, or words. O let thy once lov'd friend inscribe thy stone. Pope. 3. To assign or address to; to commend to by a shot address; to dedicate informally; as, to inscribe an ode to a friend. Dryden. 4. To imprint deeply; to impress; to stamp; as, to inscribe a sentence on the memory. 5. (Geom.) To draw within so as to meet yet not cut the boundaries. NOTE: &hand; A line is inscribed in a circle, or in a sphere, when its two ends are in the circumference of the circle, or in the surface of the sphere. A triangle is inscribed in another triangle, when the three angles of the former are severally on the three sides of the latter. A circle is inscribed in a polygon, when it touches each side of the polygon. A sphere is inscribed in a polyhedron, when the sphere touches each boundary plane of the polyhedron. The latter figure in each case is circumscribed about the former. Inscriber In*scrib"er (?), n. One who inscribes. Pownall. Inscriptible In*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being inscribed; inscribable. Inscription In*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. inscriptio, fr.inscribere, inscriptum, to inscribe: cf. F. inscription. See Inscribe.] 1. The act or process of inscribing. 2. That which is inscribed; something written or engraved; especially, a word or words written or engraved on a solid substance for preservation or public inspection; as, inscriptions on monuments, pillars, coins, medals, etc. 3. (Anat.) A line of division or intersection; as, the tendinous inscriptions, or intersections, of a muscle. 4. An address, consignment, or informal dedication, as of a book to a person, as a mark of respect or an invitation of patronage. Inscriptive In*scrip"tive (?), a. Bearing inscription; of the character or nature of an inscription. Inscroll In*scroll" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inscrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inscrolling.] To write on a scroll; to record. [Written also inscrol.] Shak. Inscrutability In*scru`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inscrutable; inscrutableness. Inscrutable In*scru"ta*ble (?), a. [L. inscrutabilis : cf. F. inscrutable. See In- not, and Scrutiny.] Unsearchable; incapable of being searched into and understood by inquiry or study; impossible or difficult to be explained or accounted for satisfactorily; obscure; incomprehensible; as, an inscrutable design or event. 'T is not in man To yield a reason for the will of Heaven Which is inscrutable. Beau. & Fl. Waiving a question so inscrutable as this. De Quincey. Inscrutableness In*scru"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inscrutable; inscrutability. Inscrutably In*scru"ta*bly, adv. In an inscrutable manner. Insculp In*sculp" (?), v. t. [L. insculpere: cf. F. insculper. See 1st In-, and Sculptor.] To engrave; to carve; to sculpture. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Which he insculped in two likely stones. Drayton. Insculption In*sculp"tion (?), n. Inscription. [Obs.] Insculpture In*sculp"ture (?), n. An engraving, carving, or inscription. [Obs.] On his gravestone this insculpture. Shak. Insculptured In*sculp"tured (?), p. a. Engraved. Glover. Inseam In*seam" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inseamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inseaming.] To impress or mark with a seam or cicatrix. Pope. Insearch In*search" (?), v. t. To make search after; to investigate or examine; to ensearch. [Obs.] Insecable In*sec"a*ble (?), a. [L. insecabilis; pref. in- not + secabilis that may be cut: cf. F. insecable.] Incapable of being divided by cutting; indivisible. Insect In"sect (?), n. [F.insecte, L. insectum, fr. insectus, p.p. of insecare to cut in. See Section. The name was originally given to certain small animals, whose bodies appear cut in, or almost divided. Cf. Entomology.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Insecta; esp., one of the Hexapoda. See Insecta. NOTE: &hand; Th e he xapod insects pass through three stages during their growth, viz., the larva, pupa, and imago or adult, but in some of the orders the larva differs little from the imago, except in lacking wings, and the active pupa is very much like the larva, except in having rudiments of wings. In the higher orders, the larva is usually a grub, maggot, or caterpillar, totally unlike the adult, while the pupa is very different from both larva and imago and is inactive, taking no food. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any air-breathing arthropod, as a spider or scorpion. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any small crustacean. In a wider sense, the word is often loosely applied to various small invertebrates. 4. Fig.: Any small, trivial, or contemptible person or thing. Thomson. <-- Russian: bukashka --> Insect powder,a powder used for the extermination of insects; esp., the powdered flowers of certain species of Pyrethrum, a genus now merged in Chrysanthemum. Called also Persian powder.<-- containing pyrethrin --> Insect In"sect (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to an insect or insects. 2. Like an insect; small; mean; ephemeral. Insecta In*sec"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Insect.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of Arthropoda, including those that have one pair of antenn\'91, three pairs of mouth organs, and breathe air by means of trache\'91, opening by spiracles along the sides of the body. In this sense it includes the Hexapoda, or six-legged insects and the Myriapoda, with numerous legs. See Insect, n. 2. (Zo\'94l.) In a more restricted sense, the Hexapoda alone. See Hexapoda. 3. (Zo\'94l.) In the most general sense, the Hexapoda, Myriapoda, and Arachnoidea, combined. NOTE: &hand; Th e ty pical Insecta, or hexapod insects, are divided into several orders, viz.: Hymenoptera, as the bees and ants; Diptera, as the common flies and gnats; Aphaniptera, or fleas; Lepidoptera, or moths and butterflies; Neuroptera, as the ant-lions and hellgamite; Coleoptera, or beetles; Hemiptera, as bugs, lice, aphids; Orthoptera, as grasshoppers and cockroaches; Pseudoneuroptera, as the dragon flies and termites; Euplexoptera, or earwings; Thysanura, as the springtails, podura, and lepisma. See these words in the Vocabulary. Insectary In"sec*ta*ry (?), n. A place for keeping living insects. -- In`sec*ta"ri*um (#), n. [L.] Insectation In`sec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. insectatio. See Insectator.] The act of pursuing; pursuit; harassment; persecution. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Insectator In`sec*ta"tor (?), n. [L., fr. insectari to pursue, freq. fr. insequi. See Ensue.] A pursuer; a persecutor; a censorious critic. [Obs.] Bailey. Insected In"sect*ed (?), a. Pertaining to, having the nature of, or resembling, an insect. Howell. Insecticide In*sec"ti*cide (?), n. [Insect + L. caedere to kill.] An agent or preparation for destroying insects; an insect powder. -- In*sec"ti*ci`dal (#), a. Insectile In*sec"tile (?), a. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, insects. Bacon. Insection In*sec"tion (?), n. [See Insect.] A cutting in; incisure; incision. Insectivora In`sec*tiv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. insectum an insect + vorare to devour.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. An order of mammals which feed principally upon insects. NOTE: &hand; Th ey ar e mostly of small size, and their molar teeth have sharp cusps. Most of the species burrow in the earth, and many of those of cold climates hibernate in winter. The order includes the moles, shrews, hedgehogs, tanrecs, and allied animals, also the colugo. 2. A division of the Cheiroptera, including the common or insect-eating bats. Insectivore In*sec"ti*vore (?), n.; pl. Insectivores (-v&omac;rz). [F.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Insectivora. Insectivorous In`sec*tiv"o*rous (?), a. [See Insectivora.] Feeding or subsisting on insects; carnivorous. The term is applied: (a) to plants which have some special adaptation for catching and digesting insects, as the sundew, Venus's flytrap, Sarracenia, etc. (b) to the Insectivora, and to many bats, birds, and reptiles. Insectologer In`sec*tol"o*ger (?), n. An entomologist. [Obs.] Insectology In`sec*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Insect + -logy: cf. F. insectologie.] Entomology. [Obs.] Insecure In`se*cure" (?), a. 1. Not secure; not confident of safety or permanence; distrustful; suspicious; apprehensive of danger or loss. With sorrow and insecure apprehensions. Jer. Taylor. 2. Not effectually guarded, protected, or sustained; unsafe; unstable; exposed to danger or loss. Bp. Hurg. The trade with Egypt was exceedingly insecure and precarious. Mickle. Insecurely In`se*cure"ly, adv. In an insecure manner. Insecureness In`se*cure"ness, n. Insecurity. Insecurity In`se*cu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Insecurities (#). [Pref.in- not + security : cf. LL. insecuritas, F. insecurite.] 1. The condition or quality of being insecure; want of safety; danger; hazard; as, the insecurity of a building liable to fire; insecurity of a debt. 2. The state of feeling insecure; uncertainty; want of confidence. With what insecurity of truth we ascribe effects . . . unto arbitrary calculations. Sir T. Browne. A time of insecurity, when interests of all sorts become objects of speculation. Burke. Insecution In`se*cu"tion (?), n. [L. insecutio, fr. insequi p. p. insecutus. See Ensue.] A following after; close pursuit. [Obs.] Chapman. _________________________________________________________________ Page 769 Inseminate In*sem"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. inseminatus, p. p. of inseminare to sow. See Seminate.] To sow; to impregnate. [Obs.] Insemination In*sem`i*na"tion (?), n. A sowing. [Obs.] Insensate In*sen"sate (?), a. [L. insensatus. See In- not, and Sensate.] Wanting sensibility; destitute of sense; stupid; foolish. The silence and the calm Of mute, insensate things. Wordsworth. The meddling folly or insensate ambition of statesmen. Buckle. -- In*sen"sate*ly, adv. -- In*sen"sate*ness, n. Insense In*sense" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + sense.] To make to understand; to instruct. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Insensibility In*sen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insensibilit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being insensible; want of sensibility; torpor; unconsciousness; as, the insensibility produced by a fall, or by opiates. 2. Want of tenderness or susceptibility of emotion or passion; dullness; stupidity. Syn. -- Dullness; numbness; unfeelingness; stupidity; torpor; apathy; impassiveness; indifference. Insensible In*sen"si*ble (?), a. [L. insensibilis: cf. F. insensible. See In- not, and Sensible.] 1. Destitute of the power of feeling or perceiving; wanting bodily sensibility. Milton. 2. Not susceptible of emotion or passion; void of feeling; apathetic; unconcerned; indifferent; as, insensible to danger, fear, love, etc.; -- often used with of or to. Accept an obligation without being a slave to the giver, or insensible to his kindness. Sir H. Wotton. Lost in their loves, insensible of shame. Dryden. 3. Incapable of being perceived by the senses; imperceptible. Hence: Progressing by imperceptible degrees; slow; gradual; as, insensible motion. Two small and almost insensible pricks were found upon Cleopatra's arm. Sir T. Browne. They fall away, And languish with insensible decay. Dryden. 4. Not sensible or reasonable; meaningless. [Obs.] If it make the indictment be insensible or uncertain, it shall be quashed. Sir M. Hale. Syn. -- Imperceptible; imperceivable; dull; stupid; torpid; numb; unfeeling; apathetic; stoical; impassive; indifferent; unsusceptible; hard; callous. Insensibleness In*sen"si*ble*ness, n. Insensibility. Bp. Hall. Insensibly In*sen"si*bly, adv. In a manner not to be felt or perceived; imperceptibly; gradually. The hills rise insensibly. Addison. Insensitive In*sen"si*tive (?), a. Not sensitive; wanting sensation, or wanting acute sensibility. Tillotson. Ruskin. Insensuous In*sen"su*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + sensuous.] Not sensuous; not pertaining to, affecting, or addressing, the senses. That intermediate door Betwixt the different planes of sensuous form And form insensuous. Mrs. Browning. Insentiment In*sen"ti*ment (?), a. Not sentient; not having perception, or the power of perception. The . . . attributes of an insentient, inert substance. Reid. But there can be nothing like to this sensation in the rose, because it is insentient. Sir W. Hamilton. Inseparability In*sep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inseparabilitas: cf. F. ins\'82parabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inseparable; inseparableness. Locke. Inseparable In*sep"a*ra*ble (?), a. [L. inseparabilis: cf. F. ins\'82parable. See In-, and Separable.] 1. Not separable; incapable of being separated or disjoined. The history of every language is inseparable from that of the people by whom it is spoken. Mure. Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable. D. Webster. 2. (Gram.) Invariably attached to some word, stem, or root; as, the inseparable particle un-. Inseparableness In*sep"a*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inseparable; inseparability. Bp. Burnet. Inseparably In*sep"a*ra*bly, adv. In an inseparable manner or condition; so as not to be separable. Bacon. And cleaves through life inseparably close. Cowper. Inseparate In*sep"a*rate (?), a. [L. inseparatus. See In- not, and Separate.] Not separate; together; united. Shak. Inseparately In*sep"a*rate*ly, adv. Inseparably. [Obs.] Cranmer. Insert In*sert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inserting.] [L. insertus, p. p. of inserere to insert; pref. in- in + serere to join, connect. See Series.] To set within something; to put or thrust in; to introduce; to cause to enter, or be included, or contained; as, to insert a scion in a stock; to insert a letter, word, or passage in a composition; to insert an advertisement in a newspaper. These words were very weakly inserted where they will be so liable to misconstruction. Bp. Stillingfleet. Inserted In*sert"ed, a. (Bot.) Situated upon, attached to, or growing out of, some part; -- said especially of the parts of the flower; as, the calyx, corolla, and stamens of many flowers are inserted upon the receptacle. Gray. Inserting In*sert"ing, n. 1. A setting in. 2. Something inserted or set in, as lace, etc., in garments. [R.] Insertion In*ser"tion (?), n. [L. insertio: cf. F. insertion. See Insert.] 1. The act of inserting; as, the insertion of scions in stocks; the insertion of words or passages in writings. 2. The condition or mode of being inserted or attached; as, the insertion of stamens in a calyx. 3. That which is set in or inserted, especially a narrow strip of embroidered lace, muslin, or cambric. 4. (Anat.) The point or part by which a muscle or tendon is attached to the part to be moved; -- in contradistinction to its origin. Epigynous insertion (Bot.), the insertion of stamens upon the ovary. -- Hypogynous insertion (Bot.), insertion beneath the ovary. Inserve In*serve" (?), v. i. [L. inservire; in- in + servire to serve.] To be of use to an end; to serve. [Obs.] Inservient In*serv"i*ent (?), a. [L. inserviens, p. pr. of inservire.] Conducive; instrumental. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Insession In*ses"sion (?), n. [L. insessio, fr. insidere, insessum, to sit in. See Insidious.] 1. The act of sitting, as in a tub or bath. "Used by way of fomentation, insession, or bath." [R.] Holland. 2. That in which one sits, as a bathing tub. [R.] Insessions be bathing tubs half full. Holland. Insessor In*ses"sor (?), n.; pl. Insessores (#). [See Insessores.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Insessores. The group includes most of the common singing birds. Insessores In`ses*so"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. insessor, lit., one who sits down, fr. incidere. See Insession.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, formerly established to include the perching birds, but now generally regarded as an artificial group. Insessorial In`ses*so"ri*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) 1. Pertaining to, or having the character of, perching birds. 2. Belonging or pertaining to the Insessores. Inset In*set" (?), v. t. To infix. [Obs.] Chaucer. Inset In"set (?), n. 1. That which is inserted or set in; an insertion. 2. (Bookbinding) One or more separate leaves inserted in a volume before binding; as: (a) A portion of the printed sheet in certain sizes of books which is cut off before folding, and set into the middle of the folded sheet to complete the succession of paging; -- also called offcut. (b) A page or pages of advertisements inserted. Inseverable In*sev"er*a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being severed; indivisible; inseparable. De Quincey. Inshaded In*shad"ed (?), a. Marked with different shades. W. Browne. Inshave In"shave` (?), n. (Mech.) A plane for shaving or dressing the concave or inside faces of barrel staves. Insheathe In*sheathe" (?), v. t. To insert as in a sheath; to sheathe. Hughes. Inshell In*shell" (?), v. t. To hide in a shell. [Obs.] Shak. Inship In*ship" (?), v. t. To embark. [Obs.] Shak. Inshore In"shore` (?), a. Being near or moving towards the shore; as, inshore fisheries; inshore currents. -- adv. Towards the shore; as, the boat was headed inshore. Inshrine In*shrine" (?), v. t. See Enshrine. Insiccation In`sic*ca"tion (?), n. The act or process of drying in. Inside In"side` (?), prep. or adv. Within the sides of; in the interior; contained within; as, inside a house, book, bottle, etc. Inside In"side`, a 1. Being within; included or inclosed in anything; contained; interior; internal; as, the inside passengers of a stagecoach; inside decoration. Kissing with inside lip. Shak. 2. Adapted to the interior. Inside callipers (Mech.), callipers for measuring the diameters of holes, etc. -- Inside finish (Arch.), a general term for the final work in any building necessary for its completion, but other than unusual decoration; thus, in joiner work, the doors and windows, inside shutters, door and window trimmings, paneled jams, baseboards, and sometimes flooring and stairs; in plaster work, the finishing coat, the cornices, centerpieces, etc.,; in painting, all simple painting of woodwork and plastering. -- Inside track, the inner part of a race course; hence, colloquially, advantage of place, facilities, etc., in competition. Inside In"side`, n. 1. The part within; interior or internal portion; content. Looked he o' the inside of the paper? Shak. 2. pl. The inward parts; entrails; bowels; hence, that which is within; private thoughts and feelings. Here's none but friends; we may speak Our insides freely. Massinger. 3. An inside passenger of a coach or carriage, as distinguished from one upon the outside. [Colloq. Eng.] So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourne, glides The Derby dilly, carrying three insides. Anti-Jacobin. Patent insides OR outside, a name give to newspaper sheets printed on one side with general and miscellaneous matter, and furnished wholesale to offices of small newspapers, where the blank pages are filled up with recent and local news. Insidiate In*sid"i*ate (?), v. t. [L. insidiatus, p. p. of insidiare to lie in ambush, fr. insidiae. See Insidious.] To lie in ambush for. [Obs.] Heywood. Insidiator In*sid"i*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who lies in ambush. [Obs.] Barrow. Insidious In*sid"i*ous (?), a. [L. insidiosus, fr. insidiae an ambush, fr. insidere to sit in; pref. in- + sedere to sit: cf. F. insidieux. See Sit.] 1. Lying in wait; watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap; deceitful; sly; treacherous; -- said of persons; as, the insidious foe. "The insidious witch." Cowper. 2. Intended to entrap; characterized by treachery and deceit; as, insidious arts. The insidious whisper of the bad angel. Hawthorne. Insidious disease (Med.), a disease existing, without marked symptoms, but ready to become active upon some slight occasion; a disease not appearing to be as bad as it really is. Syn. -- Crafty; wily; artful; sly; designing; guileful; circumventive; treacherous; deceitful; deceptive. -- In*sid"i*ous*ly, adv. -- In*sid"i*ous*ness, n. Insight In"sight` (?), n. 1. A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; -- frequently used with into. He had an insight into almost all the secrets of state. Jortin. 2. Power of acute observation and deduction; penetration; discernment; perception. Quickest insight In all things that to greatest actions lead. Milton. Insignia In*sig"ni*a (?), n. pl. [L. insigne, pl. insignia, fr. insignis distinguished by a mark; pref. in- in + signum a mark, sign. See Ensign, Sign.] 1. Distinguishing marks of authority, office, or honor; badges; tokens; decorations; as, the insignia of royalty or of an order. 2. Typical and characteristic marks or signs, by which anything is known or distinguished; as, the insignia of a trade. Insignificance In`sig*nif"i*cance (?), n. 1. The condition or quality of being insignificant; want of significance, sense, or meaning; as, the insignificance of words or phrases. 2. Want of force or effect; unimportance; pettiness; inefficacy; as, the insignificance of human art. 3. Want of claim to consideration or notice; want of influence or standing; meanness. Reduce him, from being the first person in the nation, to a state of insignificance. Beattie. Insignificancy In`sig*nif"i*can*cy (?), n. Insignificance. Insignificant In`sig*nif"i*cant (?), a. 1. Not significant; void of signification, sense, or import; meaningless; as, insignificant words. 2. Having no weight or effect; answering no purpose; unimportant; valueless; futile. Laws must be insignificant without the sanction of rewards and punishments. Bp. Wilkins. 3. Without weight of character or social standing; mean; contemptible; as, an insignificant person. Syn. -- Unimportant; immaterial; inconsiderable; small; inferior; trivial; mean; contemptible. Insignificantly In`sig*nif"i*cant*ly, adv. without significance, importance, or effect; to no purpose. "Anger insignificantly fierce." Cowper. Insignificative In`sig*nif"i*ca*tive (?), a. [L. insignificativus. See In- not, and Significative.] Not expressing meaning; not significant. Insignment In*sign"ment (?), n. [See Insignia.] A token, mark, or explanation. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Insimulate In*sim"u*late (?), v. t. [L. insimulatus, p. p. of insimulare to accuse.] To accuse. [Obs.] Donne. Insincere In`sin*cere" (?), a. [L. insincerus. See In- not, and Sincere.] 1. Not being in truth what one appears to be; not sincere; dissembling; hypocritical; disingenuous; deceitful; false; -- said of persons; also of speech, thought; etc.; as, insincere declarations. 2. Disappointing; imperfect; unsound. [Obs.] To render sleep's soft blessings insincere. Pope. Syn. -- Dissembling; hollow; hypocritical; deceptive deceitful; false; disingenuous; untrustworthy. Insincerely In`sin*cere"ly, adv. Without sincerity. Insincerity In`sin*cer"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insinc\'82rit\'82.] The quality of being insincere; want of sincerity, or of being in reality what one appears to be; dissimulation; hypocritical; deceitfulness; hollowness; untrustworthiness; as, the insincerity of a professed friend; the insincerity of professions of regard. What men call policy and knowledge of the world, is commonly no other thing than dissimulation and insincerity. Blair. Insinew In*sin"ew (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insinewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insinewing.] To strengthen, as with sinews; to invigorate. [Obs.] All members of our cause, . . . That are insinewed to this action. Shak. Insinuant In*sin"u*ant (?), a. [L. insinuans, p. pr.: cf. F. insinuant.] Insinuating; insinuative. [Obs.] Insinuate In*sin"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insinuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insinuating.] [L. insinuatus, p. p. of insinuareto insinuate; pref. in- in + sinus the bosom. See Sinuous.] 1. To introduce gently or slowly, as by a winding or narrow passage, or a gentle, persistent movement. The water easily insinuates itself into, and placidly distends, the vessels of vegetables. Woodward. 2. To introduce artfully; to infuse gently; to instill. All the art of rhetoric, besides order and clearness, are for nothing else but to insinuate wrong ideas, move the passions, and thereby mislead the judgment. Locke. Horace laughs to shame all follies and insinuates virtue, rather by familiar examples than by the severity of precepts. Dryden. 3. To hint; to suggest by remote allusion; -- often used derogatorily; as, did you mean to insinuate anything? 4. To push or work (one's self), as into favor; to introduce by slow, gentle, or artful means; to ingratiate; -- used reflexively. He insinuated himself into the very good grace of the Duke of Buckingham. Clarendon. Syn. -- To instill; hint; suggest; intimate. Insinuate In*sin"u*ate, v. i. 1. To creep, wind, or flow in; to enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly, as into crevices. 2. To ingratiate one's self; to obtain access or favor by flattery or cunning. He would insinuate with thee but to make thee sigh. Shak. To insinuate, flatter, bow, and bend my limbs. Shak. Insinuating In*sin"u*a`ting (?), a. Winding, creeping, or flowing in, quietly or stealthily; suggesting; winning favor and confidence insensibly. Milton. His address was courteous, and even insinuating. Prescott. Insinuatingly In*sin"u*a`ting*ly, adv. By insinuation. Insinuation In*sin"u*a`tion (?), n. [L. insinuatio: cf. F. insinuation.] 1. The act or process of insinuating; a creeping, winding, or flowing in. By a soft insinuation mix'd With earth's large mass. Crashaw. 2. The act of gaining favor, affection, or influence, by gentle or artful means; -- formerly used in a good sense, as of friendly influence or interposition. Sir H. Wotton. I hope through the insinuation of Lord Scarborough to keep them here till further orders. Lady Cowper. 3. The art or power of gaining good will by a prepossessing manner. He bad a natural insinuation and address which made him acceptable in the best company. Clarendon. 4. That which is insinuated; a hint; a suggestion or intimation by distant allusion; as, slander may be conveyed by insinuations. I scorn your coarse insinuation. Cowper. Syn. -- Hint; intimation; suggestion. See Innuendo. _________________________________________________________________ Page 770 Insinuative In*sin"u*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. insinuatif.] 1. Stealing on or into the confidence or affections; having power to gain favor. "Crafty, insinuative, plausible men." Bp. Reynolds. 2. Using insinuations; giving hints; insinuating; as, insinuative remark. Insinuator In*sin"u*a`tor (?), n. [L., an introducer.] One who, or that which, insinuates. De Foe. Insinuatory In*sin"u*a*to*ry (?), a. Insinuative. Insipid In*sip"id (?), a. [L. insipidus; pref. in- not + sapidus savory, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. insipide. See Savor.] 1. Wanting in the qualities which affect the organs of taste; without taste or savor; vapid; tasteless; as, insipid drink or food. Boyle. 2. Wanting in spirit, life, or animation; uninteresting; weak; vapid; flat; dull; heavy; as, an insipid woman; an insipid composition. Flat, insipid, and ridiculous stuff to him. South. But his wit is faint, and his salt, if I may dare to say so, almost insipid. Dryden. Syn. -- Tasteless; vapid; dull; spiritless; unanimated; lifeless; flat; stale; pointless; uninteresting. Insipidity, Insipidness In`si*pid"i*ty (?), In*sip"id*ness (?), n. [Cf. F. insipidit\'82.] The quality or state of being insipid; vapidity. "Dryden's lines shine strongly through the insipidity of Tate's." Pope. Insipidly In*sip"id*ly, adv. In an insipid manner; without taste, life, or spirit; flatly. Locke. Sharp. Insipience In*sip"i*ence (?), n. [L. insipientia: cf. OF. insipience.] Want of intelligence; stupidity; folly. [R.] Blount. Insipient In*sip"i*ent (?), a. [L. insipiens; pref. in- not + sapiens wise.] Wanting wisdom; stupid; foolish. [R.] Clarendon. -- n. An insipient person. [R.] Fryth. Insist In*sist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Insisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Insisting.] [F. insister, L. insistere to set foot upon, follow, persist; pref. in- in + sistere to stand, cause to stand. See Stand.] 1. To stand or rest; to find support; -- with in, on, or upon. [R.] Ray. 2. To take a stand and refuse to give way; to hold to something firmly or determinedly; to be persistent, urgent, or pressing; to persist in demanding; -- followed by on, upon, or that; as, he insisted on these conditions; he insisted on going at once; he insists that he must have money. Insisting on the old prerogative. Shak. Without further insisting on the different tempers of Juvenal and Horace. Dryden. Syn. -- Insist, Persist. -- Insist implies some alleged right, as authority or claim. Persist may be from obstinacy alone, and either with or against rights. We insist as against others; we persist in what exclusively relates to ourselves; as, he persisted in that course; he insisted on his friend's adopting it. C. J. Smith. Insistence In*sist"ence (?), n. The quality of insisting, or being urgent or pressing; the act of dwelling upon as of special importance; persistence; urgency. Insistent In*sist"ent (?), a. [L. insistens, -entis, p. pr. of insistere.] 1. Standing or resting on something; as, an insistent wall. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Insisting; persistent; persevering. 3. (Zo\'94l.) See Incumbent. Insistently In*sist"ent*ly, adv. In an insistent manner. Insisture In*sis"ture (?; 135), n. A dwelling or standing on something; fixedness; persistence. [Obs.] Shak. Insitency In*si"ten*cy (?), n. [Pref. in- not + L. sitiens, p. pr. of sitire to be thirsty, fr. sitis thirst.] Freedom from thirst. [Obs.] The insitiency of a camel for traveling in deserts. Grew. Insition In*si"tion (?; 277), n. [L. insitio, fr. inserere, insitum, to sow or plant in, to ingraft; pref. in- in + serere, satum, to sow.] The insertion of a scion in a stock; ingraftment. Ray. In situ In` si"tu (?). [L.] In its natural position or place; -- said of a rock or fossil, when found in the situation in which it was originally formed or deposited. Insnare In*snare" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insnared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insnaring.] [Written also ensnare.] 1. To catch in a snare; to entrap; to take by artificial means. "Insnare a gudgeon." Fenton. 2. To take by wiles, stratagem, or deceit; to involve in difficulties or perplexities; to seduce by artifice; to inveigle; to allure; to entangle. The insnaring charms Of love's soft queen. Glover. Insnarer In*snar"er (?), n. One who insnares. Insnarl In*snarl" (?), v. t. To make into a snarl or knot; to entangle; to snarl. [Obs.] Cotgrave. Insobriety In`so*bri"e*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + : cf. F. insobri\'82t\'82.] Want of sobriety, moderation, or calmness; intemperance; drunkenness. Insociability In*so`cia*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insociabilit\'82.] The quality of being insociable; want of sociability; unsociability. [R.] Bp. Warburton. Insociable In*so"cia*ble (?), a. [L. insociabilis: cf. F. insociable. See In- not, and Sociable.] 1. Incapable of being associated, joined, or connected. [Obs.] Lime and wood are insociable. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Not sociable or companionable; disinclined to social intercourse or conversation; unsociable; taciturn. This austere insociable life. Shak. Insociably In*so"cia*bly, adv. Unsociably. Insociate In*so"ci*ate (?), a. Not associate; without a companion; single; solitary; recluse. [Obs.] "The insociate virgin life." B. Jonson. Insolate In"so*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insolating.] [L. insolatus, p. p. of insolare to expose to the sun; pref. in- in + sol the sun.] To dry in, or to expose to, the sun's rays; to ripen or prepare by such exposure. Johnson. Insolation In`so*la"tion (?), n. [L. insolatio: cf. F. insolation.] 1. The act or process to exposing to the rays of the sun fro the purpose of drying or maturing, as fruits, drugs, etc., or of rendering acid, as vinegar. 2. (Med.) (a) A sunstroke. (b) Exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; a sun bath. Insole In"sole` (?), n. The inside sole of a boot or shoe; also, a loose, thin strip of leather, felt, etc., placed Insolence In"so*lence (?), n. [F. insolence, L. insolentia. See Insolent.] 1. The quality of being unusual or novel. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. The quality of being insolent; pride or haughtiness manifested in contemptuous and overbearing treatment of others; arrogant contempt; brutal imprudence. Flown with insolence and wine. Milton. 3. Insolent conduct or treatment; insult. Loaded with fetters and insolences from the soldiers. Fuller. Insolence In"so*lence, v. t. To insult. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike. Insolency In"so*len*cy (?), n. Insolence. [R.] Evelyn. Insolent In"so*lent (?), a. [F. insolent, L. insolens, -entis, pref. in- not + solens accustomed, p. pr. of solere to be accustomed.] 1. Deviating from that which is customary; novel; strange; unusual. [Obs.] If one chance to derive any word from the Latin which is insolent to their ears . . . they forth with make a jest at it. Petti If any should accuse me of being new or insolent. Milton. 2. Haughty and contemptuous or brutal in behavior or language; overbearing; domineering; grossly rude or disrespectful; saucy; as, an insolent master; an insolent servant. "A paltry, insolent fellow." Shak. Insolent is he that despiseth in his judgment all other folks as in regard of his value, of his cunning, of his speaking, and of his bearing. Chaucer. Can you not see? or will ye not observe . . . How insolent of late he is become, How proud, how peremptory? Shak. 3. Proceeding from or characterized by insolence; insulting; as, insolent words or behavior. Their insolent triumph excited . . . indignation. Macaulay. Syn. -- Overbearing; insulting; abusive; offensive; saucy; impudent; audacious; pert; impertinent; rude; reproachful; opprobrious. -- Insolent, Insulting. Insolent, in its primitive sense, simply denoted unusual; and to act insolently was to act in violation of the established rules of social intercourse. He who did this was insolent; and thus the word became one of the most offensive in our language, indicating gross disregard for the feelings of others. Insulting denotes a personal attack, either in words or actions, indicative either of scorn or triumph. Compare Impertinent, Affront, Impudence. Insolently In"so*lent*ly, adv. In an insolent manner. Insolidity In`so*lid"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + solidity: cf. F. insolidit\'82.] Want of solidity; weakness; as, the insolidity of an argument. [R.] Dr. H. More. Insolubility In*sol`u*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. insolubilitas: cf. F. insolubilit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being insoluble or not dissolvable, as in a fluid. 2. The quality of being inexplicable or insolvable. Insoluble In*sol"u*ble (?), a. [L. insolubilis indissoluble, that can not be loosed: cf. F. insoluble. See In- not, and Soluble, and cf. Insolvable.] 1. Not soluble; in capable or difficult of being dissolved, as by a liquid; as, chalk is insoluble in water. 2. Not to be solved or explained; insolvable; as, an insoluble doubt, question, or difficulty. 3. Strong. "An insoluble wall." [Obs.] Holland Insolubleness In*sol"u*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being insoluble; insolubility. Boyle. Insolvable In*solv"a*ble (?), a. 1. Not solvable; insoluble; admitting no solution or explanation; as, an insolvable problem or difficulty. I. Watts. 2. Incapable of being paid or discharged, as debts. 3. Not capable of being loosed or disentangled; inextricable. "Bands insolvable." Pope. Insolvency In*sol"ven*cy (?), n.; pl. Insolvencies (. (Law) (a) The condition of being insolvent; the state or condition of a person who is insolvent; the condition of one who is unable to pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and business; as, a merchant's insolvency. (b) Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the owner; as, the insolvency of an estate. Act of insolvency. See Insolvent law under Insolvent, a. Insolvent In*sol"vent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + solvent: cf. OF. insolvent.] (Law) (a) Not solvent; not having sufficient estate to pay one's debts; unable to pay one's debts as they fall due, in the ordinary course of trade and business; as, in insolvent debtor. (b) Not sufficient to pay all the debts of the owner; as, an insolvent estate. (c) Relating to persons unable to pay their debts. Insolvent law, OR Act of insolvency, a law affording relief, -- subject to various modifications in different States, -- to insolvent debtors, upon their delivering up their property for the benefit of their creditors. See Bankrupt law, under Bankrupt, a. Insolvent In*sol"vent, n. (Law) One who is insolvent; as insolvent debtor; -- in England, before 1861, especially applied to persons not traders. Bouvier. Insomnia In*som"ni*a (?), n. [L., fr. insomnis sleepless; pref. in- not + somnus sleep.] Want of sleep; inability to sleep; wakefulness; sleeplessness. Insomnious In*som"ni*ous (?), a. [L. insomniosus, fr. insomnia insomnia.] Restless; sleepless. Blount. Insomnolence In*som"no*lence (?), n. Sleeplessness. Insomuch In`so*much" (?), adv. So; to such a degree; in such wise; -- followed by that or as, and formerly sometimes by both. Cf. Inasmuch. Insomusch as that field is called . . . Aceldama. Acts i. 19. Simonides was an excellent poet, insomuch that he made his fortune by it. L'Estrange. Insonorous In`so*no"rous (?), a. Not clear or melodious. Insooth In*sooth" (?), adv. In sooth; truly. [Archaic] Insouciance In`sou`ciance" (?), n. [F.] Carelessness; heedlessness; thoughtlessness; unconcern. Insouciant In`sou`ciant" (?), a. [F.] Careless; heedless; indifferent; unconcerned. J. S. Mill. Insoul In*soul" (?), v. t. To set a soul in; reflexively, to fix one's strongest affections on. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. [He] could not but insoul himself in her. Feltham. Inspan In*span" (?), v. t. & i. [D. inspannen.] To yoke or harness, as oxen to a vehicle. [South Africa] <-- cf. outspan --> Inspect In*spect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspected; p. pr. & vb. n. Inspecting.] [L. inspectus, p. p. of inspicere to inspect; pref. in- in + specere to look at, to view: cf. F. inspecter, fr. L. inspectare, freq. fr. inspicere. See Spy.] 1. To look upon; to view closely and critically, esp. in order to ascertain quality or condition, to detect errors, etc., to examine; to scrutinize; to investigate; as, to inspect conduct. 2. To view and examine officially, as troops, arms, goods offered, work done for the public, etc.; to oversee; to superintend. Sir W. Temple. Inspect In*spect", n. [L. inspectus. See Inspect, v. t.] Inspection. [Obs.] Thomson. Inspecttion In*spect"tion (?), n. [L. inspectio: cf. F. inspection.] 1. The act or process of inspecting or looking at carefully; a strict or prying examination; close or careful scrutiny; investigation. Spenser. With narrow search, and with inspection deep, Considered every creature. Milton. 2. The act of overseeing; official examination or superintendence. Trial by inspection (O. Eng. Law), a mode of trial in which the case was settled by the individual observation and decision of the judge upon the testimony of his own senses, without the intervention of a jury. Abbott. Inspective In*spect"ive (?), a. [L. inspectivus.] Engaged in inspection; inspecting; involving inspection. Inspector In*spect"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. inspecteur.] One who inspects, views, or oversees; one to whom the supervision of any work is committed; one who makes an official view or examination, as a military or civil officer; a superintendent; a supervisor; an overseer. Inspector general (Mil.), a staff officer of an army, whose duties are those of inspection, and embrace everything relative to organization, recruiting, discharge, administration, accountability for money and property, instruction, police, and discipline. Inspectorate In*spect"or*ate (?), n. Inspectorship. [R.] Inspectorial In`spec*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an inspector or to inspection. [R.] Inspectorship In*spect"or*ship (?), n. 1. The office of an inspector. 2. The district embraced by an inspector's jurisdiction. Inspectress In*spect"ress, n. A female inspector. Insperse In*sperse" (?), v. t. [L. inspersus, p. p. of inspergere to sprinkle upon; pref. in- in, on + spargere to sprinkle.] To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] Bailey. Inspersion In*sper"sion (?), n. [L. inspersio.] The act of sprinkling. [Obs.] Chapman. Inspeximus In*spex"i*mus (?), n. [L., we have inspected.] The first word of ancient charters in England, confirming a grant made by a former king; hence, a royal grant. Insphere In*sphere" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insphered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insphering.] [Cf. Ensphere.] To place in, or as in, an orb a sphere. Cf. Ensphere. Bright a\'89rial spirits live insphered In regions mild of calm and serene air. Milton. Inspirable In*spir"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being inspired or drawn into the lungs; inhalable; respirable; admitting inspiration. Harvey. Inspiration In`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [F. inspiration, L. inspiratio. See Inspire.] 1. The act of inspiring or breathing in; breath; specif. (Physiol.), the drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm; -- the opposite of expiration. 2. The act or power of exercising an elevating or stimulating influence upon the intellect or emotions; the result of such influence which quickens or stimulates; as, the inspiration of occasion, of art, etc. Your father was ever virtuous, and holy men at their death have good inspirations. Shak. 3. (Theol.) A supernatural divine influence on the prophets, apostles, or sacred writers, by which they were qualified to communicate moral or religious truth with authority; a supernatural influence which qualifies men to receive and communicate divine truth; also, the truth communicated. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God. 2 Tim. iii. 16. The age which we now live in is not an age of inspiration and impulses. Sharp. Plenary inspiration (Theol.), that kind of inspiration which excludes all defect in the utterance of the inspired message. -- Verbal inspiration (Theol.), that kind of inspiration which extends to the very words and forms of expression of the divine message. Inspirational In`spi*ra"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to inspiration. Inspirationist In`spi*ra"tion*ist, n. One who holds to inspiration. Inspirator In"spi*ra`tor (?), n. (Mach.) A kind of injector for forcing water by steam. See Injector, n., 2. Inspirtory In*spir"to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or aiding, inspiration; as, the inspiratory muscles. Inspire In*spire" (?), v. t. [OE. enspiren, OF. enspirer, inspirer, F. inspirer, fr. L. inspirare; pref. in- in + spirare to breathe. See Spirit.] 1. To breathe into; to fill with the breath; to animate. When Zephirus eek, with his sweete breath, Inspir\'8ad hath in every holt and health The tender crops. Chaucer. Descend, ye Nine, descend and sing, The breathing instruments inspire. Pope. 2. To infuse by breathing, or as if by breathing. He knew not his Maker, and him that inspired into him an active soul. Wisdom xv. 11. 3. To draw in by the operation of breathing; to inhale; -- opposed to expire. Forced to inspire and expire the air with difficulty. Harvey. _________________________________________________________________ Page 771 4. To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey, as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose preternaturally; to produce in, as by inspiration. And generous stout courage did inspire. Spenser. But dawning day new comfort hath inspired. Shak. 5. To infuse into; to affect, as with a superior or supernatural influence; to fill with what animates, enlivens, or exalts; to communicate inspiration to; as, to inspire a child with sentiments of virtue. Erato, thy poet's mind inspire, And fill his soul with thy celestial fire. Dryden. Inspire In*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inspired; p. pr. & vb. n. Inspiring.] 1. To draw in breath; to inhale air into the lungs; -- opposed to expire. 2. To breathe; to blow gently. [Obs.] And when the wind amongst them did inspire, They wav\'8ad like a penon wide dispread. Spenser. Inspired In*spired" (?), a. 1. Breathed in; inhaled. 2. Moved or animated by, or as by, a supernatural influence; affected by divine inspiration; as, the inspired prophets; the inspired writers. 3. Communicated or given as by supernatural or divine inspiration; having divine authority; hence, sacred, holy; -- opposed to uninspired, profane, or secular; as, the inspired writings, that is, the Scriptures. Inspirer In*spir"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inspirer. "Inspirer of that holy flame." Cowper. Inspiring In*spir"ing, a. Animating; cheering; moving; exhilarating; as, an inspiring or scene. Inspirit In*spir"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspirited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inspiriting.] To infuse new life or spirit into; to animate; to encourage; to invigorate. The courage of Agamemnon is inspirited by the love of empire and ambition. Pope. Syn. -- To enliven; invigorate; exhilarate; animate; cheer; encourage; inspire. Inspissate In*spis"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inspissated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inspissating (?).] [L. inspissatus, p. p. of inspissare to thicken; pref. in- + spissare to thicken, fr. spissus thick.] To thicken or bring to greater consistence, as fluids by evaporation. Inspissate In*spis"sate (?), a. [L. inspissatus, p. p.] Thick or thickened; inspissated. Greenhill. Inspissation In`spis*sa"tion (?), n. The act or the process of inspissating, or thickening a fluid substance, as by evaporation; also, the state of being so thickened. Instability In`sta*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Instabilities (#). [L. instabilitas: cf. F. instabilit\'82.] 1. The quality or condition of being unstable; want of stability, firmness, or steadiness; liability to give way or to fail; insecurity; precariousness; as, the instability of a building. 2. Lack of determination of fixedness; inconstancy; fickleness; mutability; changeableness; as, instability of character, temper, custom, etc. Addison. Syn. -- Inconstancy; fickleness; changeableness; wavering; unsteadiness; unstableness. Instable In*sta"ble (?), a. [L. instabilis: cf. F. instable. See In- not, and Stable, a., and cf. Unstable.] Not stable; not standing fast or firm; unstable; prone to change or recede from a purpose; mutable; inconstant. Instableness In*sta"ble*ness, n. Instability; unstableness. Install In*stall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Installed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Installing.] [F. installer, LL. installare, fr. pref. in- in + OHG. stal a place, stall, G. stall, akin to E. stall: cf. It. installare. See Stall.] [Written also instal.] 1. To set in a seat; to give a place to; establish (one) in a place. She installed her guest hospitably by the fireside. Sir W. Scott. 2. To place in an office, rank, or order; to invest with any charge by the usual ceremonies; to instate; to induct; as, to install an ordained minister as pastor of a church; to install a college president. Unworthily Thou wast installed in that high degree. Shak. Installation In`stal*la"tion (?), n. [F. installation, LL. installatio: cf. It. installazione. See Install.] 1. The act of installing or giving possession of an office, rank, or order, with the usual rites or ceremonies; as, the installation of an ordained minister in a parish. On the election, the bishop gives a mandate for his installation. Ayliffe. 2. (Mech.) The whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories, when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc. Installment In*stall"ment (?), n. [Written also instalment.] 1. The act of installing; installation. Take oaths from all kings and magistrates at their installment, to do impartial justice by law. Milton. 2. The seat in which one is placed. [Obs.] The several chairs of order, look, you scour; . . . Each fair installment, coat, and several crest With loyal blazon, evermore be blest. Shak. 3. A portion of a debt, or sum of money, which is divided into portions that are made payable at different times. Payment by installment is payment by parts at different times, the amounts and times being often definitely stipulated. Bouvier. Instamp In*stamp" (?), v. t. See Enstamp. Instance In"stance (?), n. [F. instance, L. instantia, fr. instans. See Instant.] 1. The act or quality of being instant or pressing; urgency; solicitation; application; suggestion; motion. Undertook at her instance to restore them. Sir W. Scott. 2. That which is instant or urgent; motive. [Obs.] The instances that second marriage move Are base respects of thrift, but none of love. Shak. 3. Occasion; order of occurrence. These seem as if, in the time of Edward I., they were drawn up into the form of a law, in the first instance. Sir M. Hale. 4. That which offers itself or is offered as an illustrative case; something cited in proof or exemplification; a case occurring; an example. Most remarkable instances of suffering. Atterbury. 5. A token; a sign; a symptom or indication. Shak. Causes of instance, those which proceed at the solicitation of some party. Hallifax. -- Court of first instance, the court by which a case is first tried. -- For instance, by way of example or illustration. -- Instance Court (Law), the Court of Admiralty acting within its ordinary jurisdiction, as distinguished from its action as a prize court. Syn. -- Example; case. See Example. Instance In"stance (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instancing (?).] To mention as a case or example; to refer to; to cite; as, to instance a fact. H. Spenser. I shall not instance an abstruse author. Milton. Instance In"stance, v. i. To give an example. [Obs.] This story doth not only instance in kingdoms, but in families too. Jer. Taylor. Instancy In"stan*cy (?), n. Instance; urgency. [Obs.] Those heavenly precepts which our Lord and Savior with so great instancy gave. Hooker. Instant In"stant (?), a. [L. instans, -antis, p. pr. of instare to stand upon, to press upon; pref. in- in, on + stare to stand: cf. F. in. See Stand.] 1. Pressing; urgent; importunate; earnest. Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in prayer. Rom. xii. 12. I am beginning to be very instant for some sort of occupation. Carlyle. 2. Closely pressing or impending in respect to time; not deferred; immediate; without delay. Impending death is thine, and instant doom. Prior. 3. Present; current. The instant time is always the fittest time. Fuller. NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rd in this sense is now used only in dates, to indicate the current month; as, the tenth of July instant. Instant In"stant, adv. Instantly. [Poetic] Instant he flew with hospitable haste. Pope. Instant In"stant, n. [F. instant, fr. L. instans standing by, being near, present. See Instant, a.] 1. A point in duration; a moment; a portion of time too short to be estimated; also, any particular moment. There is scarce an instant between their flourishing and their not being. Hooker. 2. A day of the present or current month; as, the sixth instant; -- an elliptical expression equivalent to the sixth of the month instant, i. e., the current month. See Instant, a., 3. Syn. -- Moment; flash; second. Instantaneity In*stan`ta*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. instantan\'82it\'82.] Quality of being instantaneous. Shenstone. Instantaneous In`stan*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. instantan\'82.] 1. Done or occurring in an instant, or without any perceptible duration of time; as, the passage of electricity appears to be instantaneous. His reason saw With instantaneous view, the truth of things. Thomson. 2. At or during a given instant; as, instantaneous acceleration, velocity, etc. Instantaneous center of rotation (Kinematics), in a plane or in a plane figure which has motions both of translation and of rotation in the plane, is the point which for the instant is at rest. -- Instantaneous axis of rotation (Kinematics), in a body which has motions both of translation and rotation, is a line, which is supposed to be rigidly united with the body, and which for the instant is at rest. The motion of the body is for the instant simply that of rotation about the instantaneous axis. -- In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. Instanter In*stan"ter (?), adv. [L., vehemently, earnestly. See Instant, n. & a.] Immediately; instantly; at once; as, he left instanter. Instantly In"stant*ly (?), adv. 1. Without the least delay or interval; at once; immediately. Macaulay. 2. With urgency or importunity; earnestly; pressingly. "They besought him instantly." Luke vii. 4. Syn. -- Directly; immediately; at once. See Directly. Instar In*star" (?), v. t. To stud as with stars. [R.] "A golden throne instarred with gems." J. Barlow. Instate In*state" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instated; p. pr. & vb. n. Instating.] To set, place, or establish, as in a rank, office, or condition; to install; to invest; as, to instate a person in greatness or in favor. Shak. Instaurate In*stau"rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instaurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instaurating (?).] [L. instauratus, p. p. of instaurare to renew. See 1st In-, and Store.] To renew or renovate. [R.] Instauration In`stau*ra"tion (?), n. [L. instauratio: cf. F. instauration.] Restoration after decay, lapse, or dilapidation; renewal; repair; renovation; renaissance. Some great catastrophe or . . . instauration. T. Burnet. Instaurator In"stau*ra`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instaurateur.] One who renews or restores to a former condition. [R.] Dr. H. More. Instaure In*staure" (?), v. t. [See Instaurate.] To renew or renovate; to instaurate. [Obs.] Marston. Instead In*stead" (?), adv. [Pref. in- + stead place.] 1. In the place or room; -- usually followed by of. Let thistles grow of wheat. Job xxxi. 40. Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab. 2 Sam. xvii. 25. 2. Equivalent; equal to; -- usually with of. [R.] This very consideration to a wise man is instead of a thousand arguments, to satisfy him, that in those times no such thing was believed. Tillotson. Insteep In*steep" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insteeped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insteeping.] To steep or soak; to drench. [R.] "In gore he lay insteeped." Shak. Instep In"step (?), n. [Formerly also instop, instup.] 1. The arched middle portion of the human foot next in front of the ankle joint. 2. That part of the hind leg of the horse and allied animals, between the hock, or ham, and the pastern joint. Instigate In"sti*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instigating (?).] [L. instigatus, p. p. of instigare to instigate; pref. in- in + a root akin to G. stechen to prick, E. stick. See Stick.] To goad or urge forward; to set on; to provoke; to incite; -- used chiefly with reference to evil actions; as to instigate one to a crime. He hath only instigated his blackest agents to the very extent of their malignity. Bp. Warburton. Syn. -- To stimulate; urge; spur; provoke; tempt; incite; impel; encourage; animate. Instigatingly In"sti*ga`ting*ly, adv. Incitingly; temptingly. Instigation In`sti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. instigatio: cf. F. instigation.] The act of instigating, or the state of being instigated; incitement; esp. to evil or wickedness. The baseness and villainy that . . . the instigation of the devil could bring the sons of men to. South. Instigator In"sti*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instigateur.] One who instigates or incites. Burke. Instill In*still" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instilling.] [L. instillare, instillatum; pref. in- in + stillare to drop, fr. stilla a drop: cf. F. instiller. See Distill.] [Written also instil.] To drop in; to pour in drop by drop; hence, to impart gradually; to infuse slowly; to cause to be imbibed. That starlight dews All silently their tears of love instill. Byron. How hast thou instilled Thy malice into thousands. Milton. Syn. -- To infuse; impart; inspire; implant; inculcate; insinuate. Instillation In`stil*la"tion (?), n. [L. instillatio: cf. F. instillation.] The of instilling; also, that which is instilled. Johnson. Instilllator In"still*la`tor (?), n. An instiller. [R.] Instilllatory In*still"la*to*ry (?), a. Belonging to instillation. [R.] Instiller In*still"er (?), n. One who instills. Skelton. Instillment In*still"ment (?), n. The act of instilling; also, that which is instilled. [Written also instilment.] Instimulate In*stim"u*late (?), v. t. [Pref. in- not + stimulate.] Not to stimulate; to soothe; to quiet. [Obs.] Cheyne. Instimulate In*stim"u*late, v. t. [L. instimulatus, p. p. instimulare to stimulate. See 1st In-, and Stimulate.] To stimulate; to excite. [Obs.] Cockerman. Instimulation In*stim`u*la"tion (?), n. Stimulation. Instinct In*stinct" (?), a. [L. instinctus, p. p. of instinguere to instigate, incite; cf. instigare to instigate. Cf. Instigate, Distinguish.] Urged or sas, birds instinct with life. The chariot of paternal deity . . . Itself instinct with spirit, but convoyed By four cherubic shapes. Milton. A noble performance, instinct with sound principle. Brougham. Instinct In"stinct (?), n. [L. instinctus instigation, impulse, fr. instinguere to instigate: cf. F. instinct. See Instinct, a.] 1. Natural inward impulse; unconscious, involuntary, or unreasoning prompting to any mode of action, whether bodily, or mental, without a distinct apprehension of the end or object to be accomplished. An instinct is a propensity prior to experience, and independent of instructions. Paley. An instinct is a blind tendency to some mode of action, independent of any consideration, on the part of the agent, of the end to which the action leads. Whately. An instinct is an agent which performs blindly and ignorantly a work of intelligence and knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton. By a divine instinct, men's minds mistrust Ensuing dangers. Shak. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Specif., the natural, unreasoning, impulse by which an animal is guided to the performance of any action, without of improvement in the method. The resemblance between what originally was a habit, and an instinct becomes so close as not to be distinguished. Darwin. 3. A natural aptitude or knack; a predilection; as, an instinct for order; to be modest by instinct. Instinct In*stinct" (?), v. t. To impress, as an animating power, or instinct. [Obs.] Bentley. Instinction In*stinc"tion (?), n. Instinct; incitement; inspiration. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Instinctive In*stinc"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. instinctif.] Of or pertaining to instinct; derived from, or prompted by, instinct; of the nature of instinct; determined by natural impulse or propensity; acting or produced without reasoning, deliberation, instruction, or experience; spontaneous. "Instinctive motion." Milton. "Instinctive dread." Cowper. With taste instinctive give Each grace appropriate. Mason. Have we had instinctive intimations of the death of some absent friends? Bp. Hall. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rms in stinctive belief, instinctive judgment, instinctive cognition, are expressions not ill adapted to characterize a belief, judgment, or cognition, which, as the result of no anterior consciousness, is, like the products of animal instinct, the intelligent effect of (as far as we are concerned) an unknown cause. Sir H. Hamilton. Syn. -- Natural; voluntary; spontaneous; original; innate; inherent; automatic. Instinctively In*stinc"tive*ly, adv. In an instinctive manner; by force of instinct; by natural impulse. Instinctivity In`stinc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being instinctive, or prompted by instinct. [R.] Coleridge. Instipulate In*stip"u*late (?), a. See Exstipulate. Institute In"sti*tute (?), p. a. [L. institutus, p. p. of instituere to place in, to institute, to instruct; pref. in- in + statuere to cause to stand, to set. See Statute.] Established; organized; founded. [Obs.] They have but few laws. For to a people so instruct and institute, very few to suffice. Robynson (More's Utopia). _________________________________________________________________ Page 772 Institute In"sti*tute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instituted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Instituting.] 1. To set up; to establish; to ordain; as, to institute laws, rules, etc. 2. To originate and establish; to found; to organize; as, to institute a court, or a society. Whenever any from of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government. Jefferson (Decl. of Indep. ). 3. To nominate; to appoint. [Obs.] We institute your Grace To be our regent in these parts of France. Shak. 4. To begin; to commence; to set on foot; as, to institute an inquiry; to institute a suit. And haply institute A course of learning and ingenious studies. Shak. 5. To ground or establish in principles and rudiments; to educate; to instruct. [Obs.] If children were early instituted, knowledge would insensibly insinuate itself. Dr. H. More. 6. (Eccl. Law) To invest with the spiritual charge of a benefice, or the care of souls. Blackstone. Syn. -- To originate; begin; commence; establish; found; erect; organize; appoint; ordain. Institute In"sti*tute, n. [L. institutum: cf. F. institut. See Institute, v. t. & a.] 1. The act of instituting; institution. [Obs.] "Water sanctified by Christ's institute." Milton. 2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom. Glover. 3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognized as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; esp., a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England. Cf. Digest, n. They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy. Burke. To make the Stoics' institutes thy own. Dryden. 4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of Technology; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; as, the Cooper Institute. 5. (Scots Law) The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation. Tomlins. Institutes of medicine, theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine. Dunglison. Instituter In"sti*tu`ter (?), n. An institutor. [R.] Institution In`sti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. institutio: cf. F. institution.] 1. The act or process of instituting; as: (a) Establishment; foundation; enactment; as, the institution of a school. The institution of God's law is described as being established by solemn injunction. Hooker. (b) Instruction; education. [Obs.] Bentley. (c) (Eccl. Law) The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed to his charge. Blackstone. 2. That which instituted or established; as: (a) Established order, method, or custom; enactment; ordinance; permanent form of law or polity. The nature of our people, Our city's institutions. Shak. (b) An established or organized society or corporation; an establishment, especially of a public character, or affecting a community; a foundation; as, a literary institution; a charitable institution; also, a building or the buildings occupied or used by such organization; as, the Smithsonian Institution. (c) Anything forming a characteristic and persistent feature in social or national life or habits. We ordered a lunch (the most delightful of English institutions, next to dinner) to be ready against our return. Hawthorne. 3. That which institutes or instructs; a textbook; a system of elements or rules; an institute. [Obs.] There is another manuscript, of above three hundred years old, . . . being an institution of physic. Evelyn. Institutional In`sti*tu"tion*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or treating of, institutions; as, institutional legends. Institutional writers as Rousseau. J. S. Mill. 2. Instituted by authority. 3. Elementary; rudimental. Institutionary In`sti*tu"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Relating to an institution, or institutions. 2. Containing the first principles or doctrines; elemental; rudimentary. Institutist In"sti*tu`tist (?), n. A writer or compiler of, or a commentator on, institutes. [R.] Harvey. Institutive In"sti*tu`tive (?), a. 1. Tending or intended to institute; having the power to establish. Barrow. 2. Established; depending on, or characterized by, institution or order. "Institutive decency." Milton. Institutively In"sti*tu`tive*ly adv. In conformity with an institution. Harrington. Institutor In"sti*tu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instituteur.] 1. One who institutes, founds, ordains, or establishes. 2. One who educates; an instructor. [Obs.] Walker. 3. (Episcopal Church) A presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a rector or assistant minister over a parish church. Instop In*stop" (?), v. t. To stop; to close; to make fast; as, to instop the seams. [Obs.] Dryden. Instore In*store" (?), v. t. [See Instaurate, Store.] To store up; to inclose; to contain. [Obs.] Wyclif. Instratified In*strat"i*fied (?), a. Interstratified. Instruct In*struct" (?), a. [L. instructus, p. p. of instruere to furnish, provide, construct, instruct; pref. in- in, struere. See Structure.] 1. Arranged; furnished; provided. [Obs.] "He had neither ship instruct with oars, nor men." Chapman. 2. Instructed; taught; enlightened. [Obs.] Milton. Instruct In*struct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instructed; p. pr. & vb. n. Instructing.] 1. To put in order; to form; to prepare. [Obs.] They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared and instructed the same for a hearing. Ayliffe. 2. To form by communication of knowledge; to inform the mind of; to impart knowledge or information to; to enlighten; to teach; to discipline. Schoolmasters will I keep within my house, Fit to instruct her youth. Shak. 3. To furnish with directions; to advise; to direct; to command; as, the judge instructs the jury. She, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger. Matt. xiv. 8. Take her in; instruct her what she has to do. Shak. Syn. -- To teach; educate; inform; train; discipline; indoctrinate; direct; enjoin. Instructer In*struct"er (?), n. See Instructor. Instructible In*struct"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being instructed; teachable; docible. Bacon. Instruction In*struc"tion (?), n. [L. instructio: cf. F. instruction.] 1. The act of instructing, teaching, or furnishing with knowledge; information. 2. That which instructs, or with which one is instructed; the intelligence or information imparted; as: (a) Precept; information; teachings. (b) Direction; order; command. "If my instructions may be your guide." Shak. Syn. -- Education; teaching; indoctrination; information; advice; counsel. See Education. Instructional In*struc"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or promoting, instruction; educational. Instructive In*struct"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. instructif.] Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform; as, experience furnishes very instructive lessons. Addison. In various talk the instructive hours they past. Pope. -- In*struct"ive*ly, adv. -- In*struct"ive*ness, n. The pregnant instructiveness of the Scripture. Boyle. Instructor In*struct"or (?), n. [L., a preparer: cf. F. instructeur.] [Written also instructer.] One who instructs; one who imparts knowledge to another; a teacher. Instructress In*struct"ress (?), n. A woman who instructs; a preceptress; a governess. Johnson. Instrument In"stru*ment (?), n. [F. instrument, L. instrumentum. See Instruct.] 1. That by means of which any work is performed, or result is effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; as, the instruments of a mechanic; astronomical instruments. All the lofty instruments of war. Shak. 2. A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced; as, a musical instrument. Praise him with stringed instruments and organs. Ps. cl. 4. But signs when songs and instruments he hears. Dryden. 3. (Law) A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc. Burrill. 4. One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent. Or useful serving man and instrument, To any sovereign state. Shak. The bold are but the instruments of the wise. Dryden. Syn. -- Tool; implement; utensil; machine; apparatus; channel; agent. Instrument In"stru*ment (?), v. t. To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument; as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra. Instrumental In`stru*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. instrumental.] 1. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; as, he was instrumental in conducting the business. The head is not more native to the heart, The hand more instrumental to the mouth. Shak. 2. (Mus.) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for, an instrument, esp. a musical instrument; as, instrumental music, distinguished from vocal music. "He defended the use of instrumental music in public worship." Macaulay. Sweet voices mix'd with instrumental sounds. Dryden. 3. (Gram.) Applied to a case expressing means or agency; as, the instrumental case. This is found in Sanskrit as a separate case, but in Greek it was merged into the dative, and in Latin into the ablative. In Old English it was a separate case, but has disappeared, leaving only a few anomalous forms. Instrumental errors, those errors in instrumental measurements, etc., which arise, exclusively from want of mathematical accuracy in an instrument. Instrumentalist In`stru*men"tal*ist, n. One who plays upon an instrument of music, as distinguished from a vocalist. Instrumentality In`stru*men*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Instrumentalities (. The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency. The instrumentality of faith in justification. Bp. Burnet. The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of attack and defense in a new instrumentality. J. H. Newman. Instrumentally In`stru*men"tal*ly (?), adv. 1. By means of an instrument or agency; as means to an end. South. They will argue that the end being essentially beneficial, the means become instrumentally so. Burke. 2. With instruments of music; as, a song instrumentally accompanied. Mason. Instrumentalness In`stru*men"tal*ness, n. Usefulness or agency, as means to an end; instrumentality. [R.] Hammond. Instrumentary In`stru*men"ta*ry (?), a. Instrumental. [R.] Instrumentation In`stru*men*ta"tion (?), n. 1. The act of using or adapting as an instrument; a series or combination of instruments; means; agency. Otherwise we have no sufficient instrumentation for our human use or handling of so great a fact. H. Bushnell. <-- (b). The act of using instruments to measure or control the behavior of an object, as a patient in a hospital or a machine being tested while under development. --> 2. (Mus.) (a) The arrangement of a musical composition for performance by a number of different instruments; orchestration; instrumental composition; composition for an orchestra or military band. (b) The act or manner of playing upon musical instruments; performance; as, his instrumentation is perfect. <-- Instrumented, a. having instruments attached for the purpose of measuring conditions while under observation; said of a person under medical observation or a machine whose performance is being tested. --> Instrumentist In"stru*men`tist (?), n. A performer on a musical instrument; an instrumentalist. Instyle In*style" (?), v. t. To style. [Obs.] Crashaw. Insuavity In*suav"i*ty (?), n. [L. insuavitas: cf. F. insuavit\'82. See In- not, and Suavity.] Want of suavity; unpleasantness. [Obs.] Burton. Insubjection In`sub*jec"tion (?), n. Want of subjection or obedience; a state of disobedience, as to government. Insubmergible In`sub*mer"gi*ble (?), a. Not capable of being submerged; buoyant. [R.] Insubmission In`sub*mis"sion (?), n. Want of submission; disobedience; noncompliance. Insubordinate In`sub*or"di*nate (?), a. Not submitting to authority; disobedient; rebellious; mutinous Insubordination In`sub*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. insubordination.] The quality of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority. Insubstantial In`sub*stan"tial (?), a. Unsubstantial; not real or strong. "Insubstantial pageant." [R.] Shak. Insubstantiality In`sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. Unsubstantiality; unreality. [R.] Insuccation In`suc*ca"tion (?), n. [L. insucare, insucatum, to soak in; pref. in- + succus, sucus, sap.] The act of soaking or moistening; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs. [Obs.] Coxe. The medicating and insuccation of seeds. Evelyn. Insuccess In`suc*cess" (?), n. Want of success. [R.] Feltham. Insue In*sue" (?), v. i. See Ensue, v. i. Insuetude In"sue*tude (?), n. [L. insuetudo, from insuetus unaccustomed; pref. in- not + suetus, p. p. of suescere to be accustomed.] The state or quality of being unaccustomed; absence of use or habit. Absurdities are great or small in proportion to custom or insuetude. Landor. Insufferable In*suf"fer*a*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being suffered, borne, or endured; insupportable; unendurable; intolerable; as, insufferable heat, cold, or pain; insufferable wrongs. Locke. 2. Offensive beyond endurance; detestable. A multitude of scribblers who daily pester the world with their insufferable stuff. Dryden. Insufferably In*suf"fer*a*bly, adv. In a manner or to a degree beyond endurance; intolerably; as, a blaze insufferably bright; a person insufferably proud. Insufficience In`suf*fi"cience (?), n. Insufficiency. Shak. Insufficiency In`suf*fi"cien*cy (?), n. [L. insufficientia: cf. F. insuffisance, whence OE. insuffisance. See Insufficient.] 1. The quality or state of being insufficient; want of sufficiency; deficiency; inadequateness; as, the insufficiency of provisions, of an excuse, etc. The insufficiency of the light of nature is, by the light of Scripture, . . . fully supplied. Hooker. 2. Want of power or skill; inability; incapacity; incompetency; as, the insufficiency of a man for an office. Insufficient In`suf*fi"cient (?), a. [L. insufficiens, -entis. See In- not, and Sufficient.] 1. Not sufficient; not enough; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose; as, the provisions are insufficient in quantity, and defective in quality. "Insufficient for His praise." Cowper. 2. Wanting in strength, power, ability, capacity, or skill; incompetent; incapable; unfit; as, a person insufficient to discharge the duties of an office. Syn. -- Inadequate; scanty; incommensurate; unequal; unfit; incompetent; incapable; inefficient. Insufficiently In`suf*fi"cient*ly, adv. In an insufficient manner or degree; unadequately. Insufflation In`suf*fla"tion (?), n. [L. insuffatio: cf. F. insuffation. See In- in, and Sufflation.] The act of breathing on or into anything; especially: (a) (R. C. Ch.) The breathing upon a person in the sacrament of baptism to symbolize the inspiration of a new spiritual life. (b) (Med.) The act of blowing (a gas, powder, or vapor) into any cavity of the body. Insuitable In*suit"a*ble (?), a. Unsuitable. [Obs.] -- In*suit`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.] Insular In"su*lar (?), a. [L. insularis, fr. insula island: cf. F. insulaire. See Isle.] 1. Of or pertaining to an island; of the nature, or possessing the characteristics, of an island; as, an insular climate, fauna, etc. 2. Of or pertaining to the people of an island; narrow; circumscribed; illiberal; contracted; as, insular habits, opinions, or prejudices. The penury of insular conversation. Johnson. Insular In"su*lar, n. An islander. [R.] Berkeley. Insularity In`su*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. insularit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being an island or consisting of islands; insulation. The insularity of Britain was first shown by Agricola, who sent his fleet round it. Pinkerton. 2. Narrowness or illiberality of opinion; prejudice; exclusiveness; as, the insularity of the Chinese or of the aristocracy. Insularly In"su*lar*ly (?), adv. In an insular manner. Insulary In"su*la*ry (?), a. Insular. [Obs.] Howell. Insulate In"su*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insulating (?).] [L. insulatus insulated, fr. insula island. See Isle, and cf. Isolate.] 1. To make an island of. [Obs.] Pennant. 2. To place in a detached situation, or in a state having no communication with surrounding objects; to isolate; to separate. 3. (Elec. & Thermotics) To prevent the transfer o Insulating stool (Elec.), a stool with legs of glass or some other nonconductor of electricity, used for insulating a person or any object placed upon it. _________________________________________________________________ Page 773 Insulated In"su*la`ted (?), p. a. 1. Standing by itself; not being contiguous to other bodies; separated; unconnected; isolated; as, an insulated house or column. The special and insulated situation of the Jews. De Quincey. 2. (Elect. & Thermotics) Separated from other bodies by means of nonconductors of heat or electricity. 3. (Astron.) Situated at so great a distance as to be beyond the effect of gravitation; -- said of stars supposed to be so far apart that the affect of their mutual attraction is insensible. C. A. Young. Insulated wire, wire wound with silk, or covered with other nonconducting material, for electrical use. Insulation In`su*la"tion (?), n. 1. The act of insulating, or the state of being insulated; detachment from other objects; isolation. 2. (Elec. & Thermotics) The act of separating a body from others by nonconductors, so as to prevent the transfer of electricity or of heat; also, the state of a body so separated. Insulator In"su*la`tor (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, insulates. 2. (Elec. & Thermotics) The substance or body that insulates; a nonconductor. Insulite In"su*lite (?), n. (Elec.) An insulating material, usually some variety of compressed cellulose, made of sawdust, paper pulp, cotton waste, etc. Insulous In"su*lous (?), a. [L. insulosus, fr. insula island.] Abounding in islands. [R.] Insulse In*sulse" (?), a. [L. insulsus; pref. in- not + salsus salted, fr. salire, salsum, to salt.] Insipid; dull; stupid. [Obs.] Milton. Insulsity In*sul"si*ty (?), n. [L. insulsitas.] Insipidity; stupidity; dullness. [Obs.] The insulsity of mortal tongues. Milton. Insult In"sult (?), n. [L. insultus, fr. insilire to leap upon: cf. F. insulte. See Insult, v. t.] 1. The act of leaping on; onset; attack. [Obs.] Dryden. 2. Gross abuse offered to another, either by word or act; an act or speech of insolence or contempt; an affront; an indignity. The ruthless sneer that insult adds to grief. Savage. Syn. -- Affront; indignity; abuse; outrage; contumely. See Affront. Insult In*sult" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Insulting.] [F. insulter, L. insultare, freq. fr. insilire to leap into or upon; pref. in- in, on + salire to leap. See Salient.] 1. To leap or trample upon; to make a sudden onset upon. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To treat with abuse, insolence, indignity, or contempt, by word or action; to abuse; as, to call a man a coward or a liar, or to sneer at him, is to insult him. Insult In*sult", v. i. 1. To leap or jump. Give me thy knife, I will insult on him. Shak. Like the frogs in the apologue, insulting upon their wooden king. Jer. Taylor. 2. To behave with insolence; to exult. [Archaic] The lion being dead, even hares insult. Daniel. An unwillingness to insult over their helpless fatuity. Landor. Insultable In*sult"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being insulted or affronted. [R.] Emerson. Insultation In`sul*ta"tion (?), n. [L. insultatio, fr. insultare: cf. OF. insultation.] 1. The act of insulting; abusive or insolent treatment; insult. [Obs.] Feltham. 2. Exultation. [Obs.] Is. xiv. (heading). Insulter In*sult"er (?), n. One who insults. Shak. Insulting In*sult"ing, a. Containing, or characterized by, insult or abuse; tending to insult or affront; as, insulting language, treatment, etc. -- In*sult"ing*ly, adv. Syn. -- Insolent; impertinent; saucy; rude; abusive; contemptuous. See Insolent. Insultment In*sult"ment (?), n. Insolent treatment; insult. [Obs.] "My speech of insultment ended." Shak. Insume In*sume" (?), v. t. [L. insumere; pre. in- in + sumere to take.] To take in; to absorb. [Obs.] Insuperability In*su`per*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being insuperable; insuperableness. Insuperable In*su"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. insuperabilis: cf. OF. insuperable. See In- not, and Superable.] Incapable of being passed over or surmounted; insurmountable; as, insuperable difficulties. And middle natures, how they long to join, Yet never pass the insuperable line? Pope. The difficulty is enhanced, or is . . . insuperable. I. Taylor. Syn. -- Impassable; insurmountable; unconquerable. -- In*su"per*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*su"per*a*bly, adv. Insupportable In`sup*port"a*ble (?), a. [L. insupportabilis: cf. F. insupportable. See In- not, and Support.] Incapable of being supported or borne; unendurable; insufferable; intolerable; as, insupportable burdens; insupportable pain. -- In`sup*port"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`sup*port"a*bly, adv. Insupposable In`sup*pos"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being supposed; not supposable; inconceivable. Insuppressible In`sup*press"i*ble (?), a. That can not be suppressed or concealed; irrepressible. Young. -- In`sup*press"i*bly, adv. Insuppressive In`sup*press"ive (?), a. Insuppressible. [Obs.] "The insuppressive mettle of our spirits." Shak. Insurable In*sur"a*ble (?), a. [From Insure.] Capable of being insured against loss, damage, death, etc.; proper to be insured. The French law annuls the latter policies so far as they exceed the insurable interest which remained in the insured at the time of the subscription thereof. Walsh. Insurance In*sur"ance (?), n. [From Insure.] 1. The act of insuring, or assuring, against loss or damage by a contingent event; a contract whereby, for a stipulated consideration, called premium, one party undertakes to indemnify or guarantee another against loss by certain specified risks. Cf. Assurance, n., 6. NOTE: &hand; Th e pe rson wh o undertakes to pay in case of loss is termed the insurer; the danger against which he undertakes, the risk; the person protected, the insured; the sum which he pays for the protection, the premium; and the contract itself, when reduced to form, the policy. Johnson's Cyc. 2. The premium paid for insuring property or life. 3. The sum for which life or property is insured. 4. A guaranty, security, or pledge; assurance. [Obs.] The most acceptable insurance of the divine protection. Mickle. Accident insurance, insurance against pecuniary loss by reason of accident to the person. -- Endowment insurance OR assurance, a combination of life insurance and investment such that if the person upon whose life a risk is taken dies before a certain specified time the insurance becomes due at once, and if he survives, it becomes due at the time specified. -- Fire insurance. See under Fire. -- Insurance broker, a broker or agent who effects insurance. -- Insurance company, a company or corporation whose business it is to insure against loss, damage, or death. -- Insurance policy, a certificate of insurance; the document containing the contract made by an insurance company with a person whose property or life is insured. -- Life insurance. See under Life. Insurancer In*sur"an*cer (?), n. One who effects insurance; an insurer; an underwriter. [Obs.] Dryden. hose bold insurancers of deathless fame. Blair. Insurant In*sur"ant (?), n. The person insured. Champness. Insure In"sure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insuring.] [OE. ensuren, prob. for assuren, by a change of prefix. See 1st In-, and Sure, and cf. Assure, Ensure.] [Written also ensure.] 1. To make sure or secure; as, to insure safety to any one. 2. Specifically, to secure against a loss by a contingent event, on certain stipulated conditions, or at a given rate or premium; to give or to take an insurance on or for; as, a merchant insures his ship or its cargo, or both, against the dangers of the sea; goods and buildings are insured against fire or water; persons are insured against sickness, accident, or death; and sometimes hazardous debts are insured. Insure In*sure", v. i. To underwrite; to make insurance; as, a company insures at three per cent. Insurer In*sur"er (?), n. One who, or that which, insures; the person or company that contracts to indemnify losses for a premium; an underwriter. Insurgence, Insurgency In*sur"gence (?), In*sur"gen*cy (?), n. A state of insurrection; an uprising; an insurrection. A moral insurgence in the minds of grave men against the Court of Rome. G. Eliot. Insurgent In*sur"gent (?), a. [L. insurgens, p. pr. of insurgere to rise up; pref. in- in + surgere to rise. See Surge.] Rising in opposition to civil or political authority, or against an established government; insubordinate; rebellious. "The insurgent provinces." Motley. Insurgent In*sur"gent, n. [Cf. F. insurgent.] A person who rises in revolt against civil authority or an established government; one who openly and actively resists the execution of laws; a rebel. Syn. -- See Rebel. Insurmountability In`sur*mount`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being insurmountable. Insurmountable In`sur*mount"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + surmountable: cf. F. insurmountable.] Incapable of being passed over, surmounted, or overcome; insuperable; as, insurmountable difficulty or obstacle. Locke. Hope thinks nothing difficult; despair tells us that difficulty is insurmountable. I. Watts. Syn. -- Insuperable; impassable; invincible. Insurmountableness In`sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being insurmountable; insurmountability. Insurmountably In`sur*mount"a*bly, adv. In a manner or to a degree not to be overcome. Insurrection In`sur*rec"tion (?), n. [L. insurrectio, fr. insurgere, insurrectum: cf. F. insurrection. See Insurgent.] 1. A rising against civil or political authority, or the established government; open and active opposition to the execution of law in a city or state. It is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein. Ezra iv. 19. 2. A rising in mass to oppose an enemy. [Obs.] Syn. -- Insurrection, Sedition, Revolt, Rebellion, Mutiny. Sedition is the raising of commotion in a state, as by conspiracy, without aiming at open violence against the laws. Insurrection is a rising of individuals to prevent the execution of law by force of arms. Revolt is a casting off the authority of a government, with a view to put it down by force, or to substitute one ruler for another. Rebellion is an extended insurrection and revolt. Mutiny is an insurrection on a small scale, as a mutiny of a regiment, or of a ship's crew. I say again, In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition. Shak. Insurrections of base people are commonly more furious in their beginnings. Bacon. He was greatly strengthened, and the enemy as much enfeebled, by daily revolts. Sir W. Raleigh. Though of their names in heavenly records now Be no memorial, blotted out and razed By their rebellion from the books of life. Milton. Insurrectional In`sur*rec"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. insurrectionnel.] Pertaining to insurrection; consisting in insurrection. Insurrectionary In`sur*rec"tion*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, insurrection; rebellious; seditious. Their murderous insurrectionary system. Burke. Insurrectionist In`sur*rec"tion*ist, n. One who favors, or takes part in, insurrection; an insurgent. Insusceptibility In`sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. Want of susceptibility, or of capacity to feel or perceive. Insusceptible In`sus*cep`ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + susceptible: cf. F. insusceptible.] Not susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected, or impressed; that can not feel, receive, or admit; as, a limb insusceptible of pain; a heart insusceptible of pity; a mind insusceptible to flattery. -- In`sus*cep`ti*bly adv. Insusceptive In`sus*cep"tive (?), a. Not susceptive or susceptible. [R.] Rambler. Insusurration In*su`sur*ra"tion (?), n. [L. insusurratio, fr. insusurrare to whisper into.] The act of whispering into something. [Obs.] Johnson. Inswathe In*swathe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inswathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inswating.] To wrap up; to infold; to swathe. Inswathed sometimes in wandering mist. Tennyson. Intact In*tact" (?), a. [L. intactus; pref. in- not + tactus, p. p. of tangere to touch: cf. F. intact. See In- not, and Tact, Tangent.] Untouched, especially by anything that harms, defiles, or the like; uninjured; undefiled; left complete or entire. Buckle. When all external differences have passed away, one element remains intact, unchanged, -- the everlasting basis of our common nature, the human soul. F. W. Robertson. Intactible, Intactable In*tac"ti*ble (?), In*tac"ta*ble (?), a. Not perceptible to the touch. Intagliated In*tagl"ia*ted (?), a. [It. intagliato, p. p. of intagliare. See Intaglio.] Engraved in intaglio; as, an intagliated stone. T. Warton. Intaglio In*tagl"io (?), n.; pl. E. Intaglius (#), It. Intagli (#). [It., fr. intagliare to engrave, carve; pref. in- in + tagliare to cut, carve. See Detail.] A cutting or engraving; a figure cut into something, as a gem, so as to make a design depressed below the surface of the material; hence, anything so carved or impressed, as a gem, matrix, etc.; -- opposed to cameo. Also used adjectively. Intail In*tail", v. t. See Entail, v. t. Intake In"take` (?), n. 1. The place where water or air is taken into a pipe or conduit; -- opposed to outlet. 2. the beginning of a contraction or narrowing in a tube or cylinder. 3. The quantity taken in; as, the intake of air. Intaminated In*tam"i*na`ted (?), a. [L. intaminatus. See Contaminate.] Uncontaminated. [Obs.] Wood. Intangibility In*tan`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Intangibilities (#). [Cf. F. intangibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being intangible; intangibleness. Intangible In*tan"gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + tangible: cf. F. intangible.] Not tangible; incapable of being touched; not perceptible to the touch; impalpable; imperceptible. Bp. Wilkins. A corporation is an artificial, invisible, intangible being. Marshall. -- In*tan"gi*ble*ness, n. -- In*tan"gi*bly, adv. Intangle In*tan"gle (?), v. t. See Entangle. Intastable In*tast"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being tasted; tasteless; unsavory. [R.] Grew. Integer In"te*ger (?), n. [L. integer untouched, whole, entire. See Entire.] A complete entity; a whole number, in contradistinction to a fraction or a mixed number. Complex integer (Theory of Numbers), an expression of the form a + b&root;-1, where a and b are real integers. Integrability In`te*gra*bil"i*ty (?), n. (Math.) The quality of being integrable. Integrable In"te*gra*ble (?), a. (Math.) Capable of being integrated. Integral In"te*gral (?), a. [Cf. F. int\'82gral. See Integer.] 1. Lacking nothing of completeness; complete; perfect; uninjured; whole; entire. A local motion keepeth bodies integral. Bacon. 2. Essential to completeness; constituent, as a part; pertaining to, or serving to form, an integer; integrant. Ceasing to do evil, and doing good, are the two great integral parts that complete this duty. South. 3. (Math.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or being, a whole number or undivided quantity; not fractional. (b) Pertaining to, or proceeding by, integration; as, the integral calculus. Integral calculus. See under Calculus. Integral In"te*gral, n. 1. A whole; an entire thing; a whole number; an individual. 2. (Math.) An expression which, being differentiated, will produce a given differential. See differential Differential, and Integration. Cf. Fluent. Elliptic integral, one of an important class of integrals, occurring in the higher mathematics; -- so called because one of the integrals expresses the length of an arc of an ellipse. Integrality In`te*gral"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. int\'82gralit\'82.] Entireness. [Obs.] Whitaker. Integrally In"te*gral*ly (?), adv. In an integral manner; wholly; completely; also, by integration. Integrant In"te*grant (?), a. [L. integrans, -antis, p. pr. of integrare to make whole, renew: cf. F. int\'82grant. See Integrate.] Making part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire thing; integral. Boyle. All these are integrant parts of the republic. Burke. Integrant parts, OR particles, of bodies, those smaller particles into which a body may be reduced without loss of its original constitution, as by mechanical division. Integrate In"te*grate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Integrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Integrating (?).] [L. integratus, p. p. of integrare to make whole, renew: cf. F. int\'82grer. See Integer, Entire.] 1. To form into one whole; to make entire; to complete; to renew; to restore; to perfect. "That conquest rounded and integrated the glorious empire." De Quincey. Two distinct substances, the soul and body, go to compound and integrate the man. South. 2. To indicate the whole of; to give the sum or total of; as, an integrating anemometer, one that indicates or registers the entire action of the wind in a given time. 3. (Math.) To subject to the operation of integration; to find the integral of. _________________________________________________________________ Page 774 Integration In`te*gra"tion (?), n. [L. integratio a renewing, restoring: cf. F. int\'82gration.] 1. The act or process of making whole or entire. 2. (Math.) The operation of finding the primitive function which has a given function for its differential coefficient. See Integral. NOTE: &hand; Th e sy mbol of integration is (standing for the Latin summa sum), and the integral is also regarded as the limiting value of the sum of great numbers of differentials, when the magnitude of the differentials decreases, and their number increases indefinitely. See Limit, n. When the summation is made between specified values of the variable, the result is a definite integral, and those values of the variable are the limits of the integral. When the summation is made successively for two or more variables, the result is a multiple integral. 3. In the theory of evolution: The process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent. It is supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in development. Integrator In"te*gra`tor (?), n. (Math. & Mech.) That which integrates; esp., an instrument by means of which the area of a figure can be measured directly, or its moment of inertia, or statical moment, etc., be determined. Integrity In*teg"ri*ty (?), n. [L. integritas: cf. F. int\'82grit\'82. See Integer, and cf. Entirety.] 1. The state or quality of being entire or complete; wholeness; entireness; unbroken state; as, the integrity of an empire or territory. Sir T. More. 2. Moral soundness; honesty; freedom from corrupting influence or motive; -- used especially with reference to the fulfillment of contracts, the discharge of agencies, trusts, and the like; uprightness; rectitude. The moral grandeur of independent integrity is the sublimest thing in nature. Buckminster. Their sober zeal, integrity. and worth. Cowper. 3. Unimpaired, unadulterated, or genuine state; entire correspondence with an original condition; purity. Language continued long in its purity and integrity. Sir M. Hale. Syn. -- Honesty; uprightness; rectitude. See Probity. Integropallial In`te*gro*pal"li*al (?), a. [L. integer whole + E. pallial.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the pallial line entire, or without a sinus, as certain bivalve shells. Integumation In*teg`u*ma"tion (?), n. [See Integument.] That part of physiology which treats of the integuments of animals and plants. Integument In*teg"u*ment (?), n. [L. integumentum, fr. integere to cover; pref. in- in, on + tegere to cover: cf. F. int\'82gument. See 1st n-, and Tegument.] That which naturally invests or covers another thing, as the testa or the tegmen of a seed; specifically (Anat.), a covering which invests the body, as the skin, or a membrane that invests a particular. Integumentary In*teg`u*men"ta*ry (?), n. Belonging to, or composed of, integuments. Integumentation In*teg`u*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act or process of covering with integuments; the state or manner of being thus covered. Intellect In"tel*lect (?), n. [L. intellectus, fr. intelligere, intellectum, to understand: cf. intellect. See Intelligent.] (Metaph.) The part or faculty of the human soul by which it knows, as distinguished from the power to feel and to will; sometimes, the capacity for higher forms of knowledge, as distinguished from the power to perceive objects in their relations; the power to judge and comprehend; the thinking faculty; the understanding. Intellected In"tel*lect`ed (?), a. Endowed with intellect; having intellectual powers or capacities. [R.] In body, and in bristles, they became As swine, yet intellected as before. Cowper. Intellection In`tel*lec"tion (?), n. [L. intellectio synecdoche: cf. F. intellection.] A mental act or process; especially: (a) The act of understanding; simple apprehension of ideas; intuition. Bentley. (b) A creation of the mind itself. Hickok. Intellective In`tel*lec"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. intellectif.] 1. Pertaining to, or produced by, the intellect or understanding; intellectual. 2. Having power to understand, know, or comprehend; intelligent; rational. Glanvill. 3. Capable of being perceived by the understanding only, not by the senses. Intellective abstractions of logic and metaphysics. Milton. Intellectively In`tel*lec"tive*ly, adv. In an intellective manner. [R.] "Not intellectivelly to write." Warner. Intellectual In`tel*lec"tu*al (?; 135), a. [L. intellectualis: cf. F. intellectuel.] 1. Belonging to, or performed by, the intellect; mental; as, intellectual powers, activities, etc. Logic is to teach us the right use of our reason or intellectual powers. I. Watts. 2. Endowed with intellect; having the power of understanding; having capacity for the higher forms of knowledge or thought; characterized by intelligence or mental capacity; as, an intellectual person. Who would lose, Though full of pain, this intellectual being, Those thoughts that wander through eternity? Milton. 3. Suitable for exercising the intellect; formed by, and existing for, the intellect alone; perceived by the intellect; as, intellectual employments. 4. Relating to the understanding; treating of the mind; as, intellectual philosophy, sometimes called "mental" philosophy. Intellectual In`tel*lec"tu*al, n. The intellect or understanding; mental powers or faculties. Her husband, for I view far round, not nigh, Whose higher intellectual more I shun. Milton. I kept her intellectuals in a state of exercise. De Quincey. Intellectualism In`tel*lec"tu*al*ism (?), n. 1. Intellectual power; intellectuality. 2. The doctrine that knowledge is derived from pure reason. Intellectualist In`tel*lec"tu*al*ist (?), n. 1. One who overrates the importance of the understanding. [R.] Bacon. 2. One who accepts the doctrine of intellectualism. Intellectuality In`tel*lec`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. intellectualitas: cf. F. intellectualit\'82.] Intellectual powers; possession of intellect; quality of being intellectual. Intellectualize In`tel*lec"tu*al*ize (?), v. t. 1. To treat in an intellectual manner; to discuss intellectually; to reduce to intellectual form; to express intellectually; to idealize. Sentiment is intellectualized emotion. Lowell. 2. To endow with intellect; to bestow intellectual qualities upon; to cause to become intellectual. Intellectually In`tel*lec"tu*al*ly, adv. In an intellectual manner. Intelligence In*tel"li*gence (?), n. [F. intelligence, L. intelligentia, intellegentia. See Intelligent.] 1. The act or state of knowing; the exercise of the understanding. 2. The capacity to know or understand; readiness of comprehension; the intellect, as a gift or an endowment. And dimmed with darkness their intelligence. Spenser. 3. Information communicated; news; notice; advice. Intelligence is given where you are hid. Shak. 4. Acquaintance; intercourse; familiarity. [Obs.] He lived rather in a fair intelligence than any friendship with the favorites. Clarendon. 5. Knowledge imparted or acquired, whether by study, research, or experience; general information. I write as he that none intelligence Of meters hath, nCourt of Love. 6. An intelligent being or spirit; -- generally applied to pure spirits; as, a created intelligence. Milton. The great Intelligences fair That range above our mortal state, In circle round the blessed gate, Received and gave him welcome there. Tennyson. Intelligence office, an office where information may be obtained, particularly respecting servants to be hired. Syn. -- Understanding; intellect; instruction; advice; notice; notification; news; information; report. Intelligencer In*tel"li*gen*cer (?), n. One who, or that which, sends or conveys intelligence or news; a messenger. All the intriguers in foreign politics, all the spies, and all the intelligencers . . . acted solely upon that principle. Burke. Intelligencing In*tel"li*gen*cing (?), a. Informing; giving information; talebearing. [Obs.] Shak. That sad intelligencing tyrant. Milton. Intelligency In*tel"li*gen*cy (?), n. Intelligence. [Obs.] Evelyn. Intelligent In*tel"li*gent (?), a. [L. intelligens, intellegens, -entis, p. pr. of intelligere, intellegere, to perceive; inter between + legere to gather, collect, choose: cf. F. intelligent. See Legend.] 1. Endowed with the faculty of understanding or reason; as, man is an intelligent being. 2. Possessed of intelligence, education, or judgment; knowing; sensible; skilled; marked by intelligence; as, an intelligent young man; an intelligent architect; an intelligent answer. 3. Gognizant; aware; communicate. [Obs.] Intelligent of seasons. Milton. Which are to France the spies and speculations Intelligent of our state. Shak. Syn. -- Sensible; understanding. See Sensible. Intelligential In*tel`li*gen"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. intelligentiel.] [R.] 1. Of or pertaining to the intelligence; exercising or implying understanding; intellectual. "With act intelligential." Milton. 2. Consisting of unembodied mind; incorporeal. Food alike those pure Intelligential substances require. Milton. Intelligentiary In*tel`li*gen"tia*ry (?), n. One who gives information; an intelligencer. [Obs.] Holinshed. Intelligently In*tel"li*gent*ly (?), adv. In an intelligent manner; with intelligence. Intelligibility In*tel`li*gi*bil"i*ty (?), [Cf. F. intelligilibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being intelligible; clearness; perspicuity; definiteness. Intelligible In*tel"li*gi*ble (?), [L. intellegibilis: cf. F. intelligible. See Intelligent.] Capable of being understood or comprehended; as, an intelligible account or description; intelligible pronunciation, writing, etc. The intelligible forms of ancient poets. Coleridge. Syn. -- Comprehensible; perspicuous; plain; clear. Intelligibleness In*tel"li*gi*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being intelligible; intelligibility. Locke. Intelligibly In*tel"li*gi*bly, adv. In an intelligible manner; so as to be understood; clearly; plainly; as, to write or speak intelligibly. Intemerate, Intemerated In*tem"er*ate (?), In*tem"er*a`ted (?), a. [L. intemeratus; pref. in- not + temeratus defiled.] Pure; undefiled. [Obs.] Intemerateness In*tem"er*ate*ness (?), n. The state of being unpolluted; purity. [Obs.] Donne. Intemerament In*tem"er*a*ment (?), n. A bad state; as, the intemperament of an ulcerated part. [R.] Harvey. Intemperance In*tem"per*ance (?), n. [F. intemp\'82rance, L. intemperantia. See In- not, and Temperance.] 1. The act of becoming, or state of being, intemperate; excess in any kind of action or indulgence; any immoderate indulgence of the appetites or passions. God is in every creature; be cruel toward none, neither abuse any by intemperance. Jer. Taylor. Some, as thou sawest, by violent stroke shall die, By fire, flood, famine, by intemperance more In meats and drinks. Milton. 2. Specifically: Habitual or excessive indulgence in alcoholic liquors. Intemperancy In*tem"per*an*cy (?), n. Intemperance. [Obs.] Intemperant In*tem"per*ant (?), a. [L. intemperans, -antis. See In- not, and Temperant.] Intemperate. [Obs.] Such as be intemperant, that is, followers of their naughty appetites and lusts. Udall. Intemperate In*tem`per*ate (?), a. [L. intemperatus. See In- not, and Temperate.] 1. Indulging any appetite or passion to excess; immoderate to enjoyments or exertion. 2. Specifically, addicted to an excessive or habitual use of alcoholic liquors. 3. Excessive; ungovernable; inordinate; violent; immoderate; as, intemperate language, zeal, etc.; intemperate weather. Most do taste through fond intemperate thirst. Milton. Use not thy mouth to intemperate swearing. Ecclus. xxiii. 13. Intemperate In*tem`per*ate (?), v. t. To disorder. [Obs.] Intemperately In*tem`per*ate*ly (?), adv. In an intemperate manner; immoderately; excessively; without restraint. The people . . . who behaved very unwisely and intemperately on that occasion. Burke. Intemperateness In*tem`per*ate*ness, n. 1. The state of being intemperate; excessive indulgence of any appetite or passion; as, intemperateness in eating or drinking. 2. Severity of weather; inclemency. Boyle. By unseasonable weather, by intemperateness of the air or meteors. Sir M. Hale. Intemperature In*tem"per*a*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf. OF. intemperature.] Intemperateness. [Obs.] Boyle. Intempestive In`tem*pes"tive (?), a. [L. intempestivus: cf. F. intempestif. See In- not, and Tempestive.] Out of season; untimely. [Obs.] Burton. Intempestive bashfulness gets nothing. Hales. Intempestively In`tem*pes"tive*ly, adv. Unseasonably. [Obs.] Intempestivity In*tem`pes*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [L. intempestivitas: cf. F. intempestivit\'82.] Unseasonableness; untimeliness. [Obs.] Hales. Intenable In*ten"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + tenable: cf. F. intenable.] Incapable of being held; untenable; not defensible; as, an intenable opinion; an intenable fortress. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton. Intend In*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intended; p. pr. & vb. n. Intending.] [OE. entenden to be attentive, F. entendre, fr. L. intendre, intentum, and intensum, to intend, attend, stretch out, extend; pref. in- in + tendere to stretch, stretch out. See Tend.] 1. To stretch' to extend; to distend. [Obs.] By this the lungs are intended or remitted. Sir M. Hale. 2. To strain; to make tense. [Obs.] When a bow is successively intended and remedied. Cudworth. 3. To intensify; to strengthen. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Magnetism may be intended and remitted. Sir I. Newton. 4. To apply with energy. Let him intend his mind, without respite, without rest, in one direction. Emerson. 5. To bend or turn; to direct, as one's course or journey. [Archaic] Shak. 6. To fix the mind on; to attend to; to take care of; to superintend; to regard. [Obs.] Having no children, she did, with singular care and tenderness, intend the education of Philip. Bacon. My soul, not being able to intend two things at once, abated of its fervency in praying. Fuller. 7. To fix the mind upon (something to be accomplished); to be intent upon; to mean; to design; to plan; to purpose; -- often followed by an infinitely with to, or a dependent clause with that; as, he intends to go; he intends that she shall remain. They intended evil against thee. Ps. xxi. 11. To-morrow he intends To hunt the boar with certain of his friends. Shak. 8. To design mechanically or artistically; to fashion; to mold. [Obs.] Modesty was made When she was first intended. Beau. & Fl. 9. To pretend; to counterfeit; to simulate. [Obs.] Intend a kind of zeal both to the prince and Claudio. Shak. Syn. -- To purpose; mean; design; plan; conceive; contemplate. Intendancy In*tend"an*cy (?), n.; pl. Intendancies (#). [Cf. F. intendance. See Intendant.] 1. The office or employment of an intendant. 2. A territorial district committed to the charge of an intendant. Intendant In*tend"ant (?), n. [F. intendant, fr. L. intendere to direct (one's thoughts) to a thing. See Intend.] One who has the charge, direction, or management of some public business; a superintendent; as, an intendant of marine; an intendant of finance. Intendant In*tend"ant, a. [See Intend.] Attentive. [Obs.] Intended In*tend"ed, a. 1. Made tense; stretched out; extended; forcible; violent. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. Purposed; designed; as, intended harm or help. They drew a curse from an intended good. Cowper. 3. Betrothed; affianced; as, an intended husband. Intended In*tend"ed, n. One with whom marriage is designed; one who is betrothed; an affianced lover. If it were not that I might appear to disparage his intended, . . . I would add that to me she seems to be throwing herself away. Dickens. Intendedly In*tend"ed*ly, adv. Intentionally. [R.] Milton. Intendent In*tend"ent (?), n. See Intendant, n. [Obs.] Intender In*tend"er (?), n. One who intends. Feltham. Intendiment In*tend"i*ment (?), n. [LL. intendimentum. See Intendment.] Attention; consideration; knowledge; understanding. [Obs.] Spenser. Intendment In*tend"ment (?), n. [OE. entendement understanding, insight, F. entendement, fr. LL. intendimentum. See Intend.] 1. Charge; oversight. [Obs.] Ford. 2. Intention; design; purpose. The intendment of God and nature. Jer. Taylor. 3. (Law) The true meaning, understanding, or intention of a law, or of any legal instrument. Intenerate In*ten"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intenerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intenerating.] [Pref. in- in + L. tener soft, tender. See Tender, a.] To make tender or sensitive; to soften. _________________________________________________________________ Page 775 Fear intenerates the heart. Bp. Hall. So have I seen the little purls of a stream . . . intenerate the stubborn pavement. Jer. Taylor. Intenerate In*ten"er*ate (?), a. Made tender or soft; softened. [Obs.] Inteneration In*ten`er*a"tion (?), n. The act or process of intenerating, or the state of being intenerated; softening. [R.] Bacon. Intenible In*ten"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. tenere to hold: cf. L. intenibilis not to be grasped. Cf. Intenable.] Incapable of holding or containing. [Obs.] This captious and intenible sieve. Shak. Intensate In*ten"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intensated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intensating.] [See Intense.] To intensify. [R.] Emerson. Intensation In`ten*sa"tion (?), n. The act or process of intensifying; intensification; climax. [R.] Carlyle. Intensative In*ten"sa*tive (?), a. Adding intensity; intensifying. Intense In*tense" (?), a. [L. intensus stretched, tight, p. p. of intendere to stretch: cf. F. intense. See Intend, and cf. Intent, and cf. Intent, a.] 1. Strained; tightly drawn; kept on the stretch; strict; very close or earnest; as, intense study or application; intense thought. 2. Extreme in degree; excessive; immoderate; as: (a) Ardent; fervent; as, intense heat. (b) Keen; biting; as, intense cold. (c) Vehement; earnest; exceedingly strong; as, intense passion or hate. (d) Very severe; violent; as, intense pain or anguish. (e) Deep; strong; brilliant; as, intense color or light. In this intense seclusion of the forest. Hawthorne. Intensely In*tense"ly, adv. 1. Intently. [Obs.] J. Spencer. 2. To an extreme degree; as, weather intensely cold. Intenseness In*tense"ness, n. The state or quality of being intense; intensity; as, the intenseness of heat or cold; the intenseness of study or thought. Intensification In*ten`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense. Intensifier In*ten"si*fi`er (?), n. One who or that which intensifies or strengthens; in photography, an agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a picture. Intensify In*ten"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intensified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intensifying (?).] [Intense + -fly.] To render more intense; as, to intensify heat or cold; to intensify colors; to intensify a photographic negative; to intensify animosity. Bacon. How piercing is the sting of pride By want embittered and intensified. Longfellow. Intensify In*ten"si*fy, v. i. To become intense, or more intense; to act with increasing power or energy. Intension In*ten"sion (?), n. [L. intensio: cf. F. intension. See Intend, and cf. Intention.] 1. A straining, stretching, or bending; the state of being strained; as, the intension of a musical string. 2. Increase of power or energy of any quality or thing; intenseness; fervency. Jer. Taylor. Sounds . . . likewise do rise and fall with the intension or remission of the wind. Bacon. 3. (Logic & Metaph.) The collective attributes, qualities, or marks that make up a complex general notion; the comprehension, content, or connotation; -- opposed to extension, extent, or sphere. This law is, that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its extension. Sir W. Hamilton. Intensitive In*ten"si*tive (?), a. Increasing the force or intensity of; intensive; as, the intensitive words of a sentence. H. Sweet. Intensity In*ten"si*ty (?), n. [LL. intensitas: cf. F. intensit\'82. See Intense.] 1. The state or quality of being intense; intenseness; extreme degree; as, intensity of heat, cold, mental application, passion, etc. If you would deepen the intensity of light, you must be content to bring into deeper blackness and more distinct and definite outline the shade that accompanies it. F. W. Robertson. 2. (Physics) The amount or degree of energy with which a force operates or a cause acts; effectiveness, as estimated by results produced. 3. (Mech.) The magnitude of a distributed force, as pressure, stress, weight, etc., per unit of surface, or of volume, as the case may be; as, the measure of the intensity of a total stress of forty pounds which is distributed uniformly over a surface of four square inches area is ten pounds per square inch. 4. (Photog.) The degree or depth of shade in a picture. Intensive In*ten"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. intensif. See Intense.] 1. Stretched; admitting of intension, or increase of degree; that can be intensified. Sir M. Hale. 2. Characterized by persistence; intent; unremitted; assiduous; intense. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. 3. (Gram.) Serving to give force or emphasis; as, an intensive verb or preposition. Intensive In*ten"sive, n. That which intensifies or emphasizes; an intensive verb or word. Intensively In*ten"sive*ly, adv. In an intensive manner; by increase of degree. Abp. Bramhall. Intensiveness In*ten"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being intensive; intensity. Sir M. Hale. Intent In*tent" (?), a. [L. intentus, p. p. of intendere. See Intend, and cf. Intense.] 1. Closely directed; strictly attentive; bent; -- said of the mind, thoughts, etc.; as, a mind intent on self-improvement. 2. Having the mind closely directed to or bent on an object; sedulous; eager in pursuit of an object; -- formerly with to, but now with on; as, intent on business or pleasure. "Intent on mischief." Milton. Be intent and solicitous to take up the meaning of the speaker. I. Watts. Intent In*tent", n. [OE. entent, entente, attention, purpose, OF. entente, F. entente understanding, meaning; a participial noun, fr. F. & OF. entendre. See Intend.] The act of turning the mind toward an object; hence, a design; a purpose; intention; meaning; drift; aim. Be thy intents wicked or charitable. Shak. The principal intent of Scripture is to deliver the Hooker. To all intents, and purposes, in all applications or senses; practically; really; virtually; essentially. "He was miserable to all intents and purpose." L'Estrange. Syn. -- Design; purpose; intention; meaning; purport; view; drift; object; end; aim; plan. Intentation In`ten*ta"tion (?), n. Intention. [Obs.] Intention In*ten"tion (?), n. [F. intention, L. intentio. See Intend, and cf. Intension.] 1. A stretching or bending of the mind toward of the mind toward an object; closeness of application; fixedness of attention; earnestness. Intention is when the mind, with great earnestness, and of choice, fixes its view on any idea. Locke. 2. A determination to act in a certain way or to do a certain thing; purpose; design; as, an intention to go to New York. Hell is paved with good intentions. Johnson. 3. The object toward which the thoughts are directed; end; aim. In [chronical distempers], the principal intention is to restore the tone of the solid parts. Arbuthnot. 4. The state of being strained. See Intension. [Obs.] 5. (Logic) Any mental apprehension of an object. First intention (Logic), a conception of a thing formed by the first or direct application of the mind to the individual object; an idea or image; as, man, stone. -- Second intention (Logic), a conception generalized from first intuition or apprehension already formed by the mind; an abstract notion; especially, a classified notion, as species, genus, whiteness. -- To heal by the first intention (Surg.), to cicatrize, as a wound, without suppuration. -- To heal by the second intention (Surg.), to unite after suppuration. Syn. -- Design; purpose; object; aim; intent; drift; purport; meaning. See Design. Intentional In*ten"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. intentionnel.] Done by intention or design; intended; designed; as, the act was intentional, not accidental. Intentionality In*ten`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being intentional; purpose; design. Coleridge. Intentionally In*ten"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In an intentional manner; with intention; by design; of purpose. Intentioned In*ten"tioned (?), a. Having designs; -- chiefly used in composition; as, well-intentioned, having good designs; ill-intentioned, having ill designs. Intentive In*ten"tive (?), a. [OE. ententif, OF. ententif, fr. L. intentivus intensive. See Intent, n., and cf. Intensive.] Attentive; intent. [Obs.] Spenser. Intentively In*ten"tive*ly, adv. Attentively; closely. [Obs.] "Intentively to observe." Holland. Intentiveness In*ten"tive*ness, n. Closeness of attention or application of mind; attentiveness. [Obs.] W. Montagu. Intently In*tent"ly (?), adv. In an intent manner; as, the eyes intently fixed. Syn. -- Fixedly; steadfastly; earnestly; attentively; sedulously; diligently; eagerly. Intentness In*tent"ness, n. The state or quality of being intent; close application; attention. Extreme solicitude or intentness upon business. South. Inter- In"ter- (?). [L. inter, prep., among, between, a compar. form of in in; akin to intra, intro, within, Skr. antar between, in, and E.in. See In, and cf. Entrails, Interior, Enter-, Exterior.] A prefix signifying among, between, amid; as, interact, interarticular, intermit. Inter In*ter" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interring (?).] [OE. enteren, OF. enterer, enterrer, LL. interrare; L. pref. in- in + terra the earth. See Terrace.] To deposit and cover in the earth; to bury; to inhume; as, to inter a dead body. Shak. Interact In`ter*act" (?), n. [Pref. inter- + act. Cf. Entr'acte.] A short act or piece between others, as in a play; an interlude; hence, intermediate employment or time. Chesterfield. Interact In`ter*act", v. i. To act upon each other; as, two agents mutually interact. Emerson. Tyndall. Interaction In`ter*ac"tion (?), n. 1. Intermediate action. 2. Mutual or reciprocal action or influence; as, the interaction of the heart and lungs on each other. Interadditive In`ter*ad"di*tive (?), a. Added or placed between the parts of another thing, as a clause inserted parenthetically in a sentence. Interagency In`ter*a"gen*cy (?), n. Intermediate agency. Interagent In`ter*a"gent (?), n. An intermediate agent. Interall In"ter*all (?), n. Entrail or inside. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. Interalveolar In`ter*al"ve*o*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between alveoli; as, the interalveolar septa between adjacent air cells in the lungs. Interambulacral In`ter*am`bu*la"cral (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the interambulacra. Interambulacrum In`ter*am`bu*la"crum (?), n.; pl. L. Interambulacra (, E. Interambulacrums (. (Zo\'94l.) In echinoderms, one of the areas or zones intervening between two ambulacra. See Illust. of Ambulacrum. Interamnian In`ter*am"ni*an (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. amnis river: cf. L. interamnus.] Situated between rivers. [R.] "An interamnian country." J. Bryant. Interanimate In`ter*an"i*mate (?), v. t. To animate or inspire mutually. [Obs.] Donne. Interarboration In`ter*ar`bo*ra"tion (?), n. The interweaving of branches of trees. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Interarticular In`ter*ar*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated between joints or articulations; as, interarticular cartilages and ligaments. Interatomic In`ter*a*tom"ic (?), a. (Chem. & Physics) Between atoms; situated, or acting, between the atoms of bodies; as, interatomic forces. Interaulic In`ter*au"lic (?), a. Existing between royal courts. [R.] "Interaulic politics." Motley. Interauricular In`ter*au*ric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between the auricles; as, the interauricular partition of the heart. Interaxal In`ter*ax"al (?), a. (Arch.) Situated in an interaxis. Gwilt. Interaxillary In`ter*ax"il*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Situated within or between the axils of leaves. Interaxis In`ter*ax"is (?), n.; pl. Interaxes (. (Arch.) The space between two axes. See Axis, 6. The doors, windows, niches, and the like, are then placed centrally in the interaxes. Gwilt. Interbastation In`ter*bas*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. inter- + baste to sew.] Patchwork. [Obs.] Dr. J. Smith. Interbrachial In`ter*brach"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Between the arms. Interbrain In`ter*brain` (?), n. (Anat.) See Thalamencephalon. Interbranchial In`ter*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Between the branchi\'91. Interbreed In`ter*breed" (?), v. t. & i. To breed by crossing different stocks of animals or plants. Intercalar In*ter"ca*lar (?), a. Intercalary. Intercalary In*ter"ca*la*ry (?; 277), a. [L. intercalaris, intercalarius: cf. F. intercalaire. See Intercalate.] 1. (Chron.) Inserted or introduced among others in the calendar; as, an intercalary month, day, etc.; -- now applied particularly to the odd day (Feb. 29) inserted in the calendar of leap year. See Bissextile, n. 2. Introduced or inserted among others; additional; supernumerary. "Intercalary spines." Owen. This intercalary line . . . is made the last of a triplet. Beattie. Intercalary day (Med.), one on which no paroxysm of an intermittent disease occurs. Mayne. Intercalate In*ter"ca*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercalated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intercalating (?).] [L. intercalatus, p. p. of intercalare to intercalate to intercalate; inter between + calare to call, proclaim. See Calendar.] 1. (Chron.) To insert, as a day or other portion of time, in a calendar. 2. To insert among others, as a verse in a stanza; specif. (Geol.), to introduce as a bed or stratum, between the layers of a regular series of rocks. Beds of fresh-water shells . . . are intercalated and interstratified with the shale. Mantell. Intercalation In*ter`ca*la"tion (?), n. [L. intercalatio: cf. F. intercalation.] 1. (Chron.) The insertion of a day, or other portion of time, in a calendar. 2. The insertion or introduction of anything among others, as the insertion of a phrase, line, or verse in a metrical composition; specif. (Geol.), the intrusion of a bed or layer between other layers. Intercalations of fresh-water species in some localities. Mantell. Intercarotid In`ter*ca*rot"id (?), a. (Anat.) Situated between the external and internal carotid arteries; as, an intercarotid ganglion. Intercarpal In`ter*car"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the carpal bone; as, intercarpal articulations, ligaments. Intercartilaginous In`ter*car`ti*lag"i*nous (?), a. (Anat.) Within cartilage; endochondral; as, intercartilaginous ossification. Intercavernous In`ter*cav"ern*ous (?), a. (Anat.) Between the cavernous sinuses; as, the intercavernous sinuses connecting the cavernous sinuses at the base of the brain. Intercede In`ter*cede" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Interceding.] [L. intercedere, intercessum; inter between + cedere to pass: cf. F. interc\'82der. See Cede.] 1. To pass between; to intervene. [Obs.] He supposed that a vast period interceded between that origination and the age wherein he lived. Sir M. Hale. 2. To act between parties with a view to reconcile differences; to make intercession; to beg or plead in behalf of another; to mediate; -- usually followed by with and for; as, I will intercede with him for you. I to the lords will intercede, not doubting Their favorable ear. Milton. Syn. -- To mediate; arbitrate. See Interpose. Intercede In`ter*cede", v. t. To be, to come, or to pass, between; to separate. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton. Intercedence In`ter*ced"ence (?), n. The act of interceding; intercession; intervention. [R.] Bp. Reynolds. Intercedent In`ter*ced"ent, a. [L. intercedens, p. pr. of intercedere.] Passing between; mediating; pleading. [R.] -- In`ter*ced"ent*ly, adv. Interceder In`ter*ced"er (?), n. One who intercedes; an intercessor; a mediator. Johnson. Intercellular In`ter*cel"lu*lar (?), a. Lying between cells or cellules; as, intercellular substance, space, or fluids; intercellular blood channels. Intercentral In`ter*cen"tral (?), a. Between centers. Intercentral nerves (Physiol.), those nerves which transmit impulses between nerve centers, as opposed to peripheral fibers, which convey impulses between peripheral parts and nerve centers. Intercentrum In`ter*cen"trum (?), n.; pl. Intercentra (. (Anat.) The median of the three elements composing the centra of the vertebr\'91 in some fossil batrachians. Intercept In`ter*cept" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intercepting.] [L. interceptus, p. p. of intercipere to intercept; inter between + capere to take, seize: cf. F. intercepter. See Capable.] 1. To take or seize by the way, or before arrival at the destined place; to cause to stop on the passage; as, to intercept a letter; a telegram will intercept him at Paris. God will shortly intercept your breath. Joye. 2. To obstruct or interrupt the progress of; to stop; to hinder or oppose; as, to intercept the current of a river. Who intercepts me in my expedition? Shak. We must meet first, and intercept his course. Dryden. 3. To interrupt communication with, or progress toward; to cut off, as the destination; to blockade. While storms vindictive intercept the shore. Pope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 776 4. (Math.) To include between; as, that part of the intercepted between the points A and B. Syn. -- To cut off; stop; catch; seize; obstruct. Intercept In"ter*cept` (?), n. (Math.) A part cut off or intercepted, as a portion of a line included between two points, or cut off two straight lines or curves. Intercepter In`ter*cept"er (?), n. One who, or that which, intercepts. Shak. Interception In`ter*cep"tion (?), n. [L. interceptio a taking away: cf. F. interception.] The act of intercepting; as, interception of a letter; interception of the enemy. Interceptive In`ter*cept"ive (?), a. Intercepting or tending to intercept. <-- interceptor n. one that intercepts, esp. a fast-climbing high-speed combat airplane for defense against attacking airplanes; also, a missile which intercepts and destroys incoming missiles or airplanes. Also spelt intercepter. [MW10]--> Intercession In`ter*ces"sion (?), n. [L. intercessio an intervention, a becoming surety: cf. F. intercession. See Intercede.] The act of interceding; mediation; interposition between parties at variance, with a view to reconcilation; prayer, petition, or entreaty in favor of, or (less often) against, another or others. But the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which can not be uttered. Rom. viii. 26. Intercessional In`ter*ces"sion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by, intercession or entreaty. Intercessionate In`ter*ces"sion*ate (?), v. t. To entreat. [Obs.] Intercessor In`ter*ces"sor (?), n. [L., a surety: cf. F. intercesseur.] 1. One who goes between, or intercedes; a mediator. (a) One who interposes between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile them. (b) One who pleads in behalf of another. Milton. 2. (Eccl.) A bishop, who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishopric till a successor is installed. Intercessorial In`ter*ces*so"ri*al (?), a. Intercessory. Intercessory In`ter*ces"so*ry (?), a. [LL. intercessorius.] Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by, intercession; interceding; as, intercessory prayer. Interchain In`ter*chain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interchained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interchaining.] To link together; to unite closely or firmly, as by a chain. Two bosoms interchained with an oath. Shak. Interchange In`ter*change" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interchanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interchanging (?).] [OE. entrechangen, OF. entrechangier. See Inter-, and Change.] 1. To put each in the place of the other; to give and take mutually; to exchange; to reciprocate; as, to interchange places; they interchanged friendly offices and services. I shall interchange My waned state for Henry's regal crown. Shak. 2. To cause to follow alternately; to intermingle; to vary; as, to interchange cares with pleasures. Interchange In`ter*change", v. i. To make an interchange; to alternate. Sir P. Sidney. Interchange In`ter*change" (?), n. [Cf. OF. entrechange.] 1. The act of mutually changing; the act of mutually giving and receiving; exchange; as, the interchange of civilities between two persons. "Interchange of kindnesses." South. 2. The mutual exchange of commodities between two persons or countries; barter; commerce. Howell. 3. Alternate succession; alternation; a mingling. The interchanges of light and darkness. Holder. Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains. Milton. Interchangeability In`ter*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being interchangeable; interchangeableness. Interchangeable In`ter*change"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. entrechangeable.] 1. Admitting of exchange or mutual substitution. "Interchangeable warrants." Bacon. 2. Following each other in alternate succession; as, the four interchangeable seasons. Holder. -- In`ter*change"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`ter*change"a*bly, adv. Interchangement In`ter*change"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. entrechangement.] Mutual transfer; exchange. [Obs.] Shak. Interchapter In`ter*chap"ter (?), n. An intervening or inserted chapter. Intercidence In*ter"ci*dence (?), n. [See Intercident.] The act or state of coming or falling between; occurrence; incident. [Obs.] Holland. Intercident In*ter"ci*dent (?), a. [L. intercidens, -entis, p. pr. of intercidere to fall between; inter between + cadere to fall.] Falling or coming between; happening accidentally. [Obs.] Boyle. Intercipient In`ter*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. intercipiens, -entis, p. pr. of intercipere. See Intercept.] Intercepting; stopping. -- n. One who, or that which, intercepts or stops anything on the passage. Wiseman. Inrecision In`re*ci"sion (?), n. [L. intercisio a cutting through, fr. intercidere to cut asunder.] A cutting off, through, or asunder; interruption. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Intercitizenship In`ter*cit"i*zen*ship (?), n. The mutual right to civic privileges, in the different States. Bancroft. Interclavicle In`ter*clav"i*cle (?), n. (Anat.) See Episternum. Interclavicular In`ter*cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Between the clavicles; as, the interclavicular notch of the sternum. (b) Of or pertaining to the interclavicle. Interclose In`ter*close" (?), v. t. [Pref. inter- + close. See Interclude.] To shut in; to inclose. [Obs.] Intercloud In`ter*cloud" (?), v. t. To cloud. [R.] Daniel. Interclude In`ter*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Intercluding.] [L. intercludere, interclusum; inter between + claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Interclose.] To shut off or out from a place or course, by something intervening; to intercept; to cut off; to interrupt. Mitford. So all passage of external air into the receiver may be intercluded. Boyle. Interclusion In`ter*clu"sion (?), n. [L. interclusio. See Interclude.] Interception; a stopping Intercollegiate In`ter*col*le"gi*ate (?), a. Existing or carried on between colleges or universities; as, intercollegiate relations, rivalry, games, etc. Intercolline In`ter*col"line (?), a. (Geol.) Situated between hills; -- applied especially to valleys lying between volcanic cones. Intercolonial In`ter*co*lo"ni*al (?), a. Between or among colonies; pertaining to the intercourse or mutual relations of colonies; as, intercolonial trade. -- In`ter*co*lo"ni*al*ly, adv. Intercolumnar In`ter*co*lum"nar (?), a. Between columns or pillars; as, the intercolumnar fibers of Poupart's ligament; an intercolumnar statue. Intercolumniation In`ter*co*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. (Arch.) The clear space between two columns, measured at the bottom of their shafts. Gwilt. NOTE: &hand; It is cu stomary to measure the intercolumniation in terms of the diameter of the shaft, taken also at the bottom. Different words, derived from the Greek, are in use to denote certain common proportions. They are: Pycnostyle, when the intercolumniation is of one and a half diameters; Systyle, of two diameters; Eustyle, of two and a quarter diameters; Diastyle, of three diameters; Ar\'91ostyle, of four or more, and so great that a wooden architrave has to be used instead of stone; Ar\'91osystyle, when the intercolumniations are alternately systyle and ar\'91ostyle. Intercombat In`ter*com"bat (?), n. Combat. [Obs.] Daniel. Intercoming In`ter*com"ing (?), n. The act of coming between; intervention; interference. [Obs.] Intercommon In`ter*com"mon (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intercommoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intercommoning.] [OF. entrecommuner. See Inter-, and Common, and cf. Intercommune.] 1. To share with others; to participate; especially, to eat at the same table. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. (O. Eng. Law) To graze cattle promiscuously in the commons of each other, as the inhabitants of adjoining townships, manors, etc. Intercommonage In`ter*com"mon*age (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) The right or privilege of intercommoning. Intercommune In`ter*com*mune" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intercommuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intercommuning.] [Cf. Intercommon, Intercommunicate, Commune.] 1. To intercommunicate. [Obs.] 2. To have mutual communication or intercourse by conservation. [Scot.] Intercommunicable In`ter*com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. Capable of being mutually communicated. Intercommunicate In`ter*com*mu"ni*cate (?), v. i. To communicate mutually; to hold mutual communication. Intercommunicate In`ter*com*mu"ni*cate, v. t. To communicate mutually; to interchange. Holland. Intercommunication In`ter*com*mu`ni*ca"tion (?), n. Mutual communication. Owen. Intercommunion In`ter*com*mun"ion (?), n. Mutual communion; as, an intercommunion of deities. Faber. Intercommunity In`ter*com*mu"ni*ty (?), n. Intercommunication; community of possessions, religion, etc. In consequence of that intercommunity of paganism . . . one nation adopted the gods of another. Bp. Warburton. Intercomparison In`ter*com*par"i*son (?), n. Mutual comparison of corresponding parts. Intercondylar, Intercondyloid In`ter*con"dy*lar (?), In`ter*con"dy*loid (?), a. (Anat.) Between condyles; as, the intercondylar fossa or notch of the femur. Interconnect In`ter*con*nect" (?), v. t. To join together. Interconnection In`ter*con*nec"tion (?), n. Connection between; mutual connection. Intercontinental In`ter*con`ti*nen"tal (?), a. Between or among continents; subsisting or carried on between continents; as, intercontinental relations or commerce. Interconvertible In`ter*con*vert"i*ble (?), a. Convertible the one into the other; as, coin and bank notes are interconvertible. Intercostal In`ter*cos"tal (?), a. (Anat. & Physiol.) Between the ribs; pertaining to, or produced by, the parts between the ribs; as, intercostal respiration, in which the chest is alternately enlarged and contracted by the intercostal muscles. Intercourse In"ter*course (?), n. [Formerly entercourse, OF. entrecours commerce, exchange, F. entrecours a reciprocal right on neighboring lands, L. intercursus a running between, fr. intercurrere to run between. See Inter-, and Course.] A This sweet intercourse Of looks and smiles. Milton. Sexual intercourse, sexual or carnal connection; coition. Syn. -- Communication; connection; commerce; communion; fellowship; familiarity; acquaintance. Intercross In`ter*cross" (?; 115), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Intercrossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intercrossing.] 1. To cross each other, as lines. 2. (Biol.) To fertilize by the impregnation of one species or variety by another; to impregnate by a different species or variety. Intercross In"ter*cross` (?), n. The process or result of cross fertilization between different kinds of animals, or different varieties of plants. We have reason to believe that occasional intercrosses take place with all animals and plants. Darwin. Intercrural In`ter*cru"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Between crura; -- applied especially to the interneural plates in the vertebral column of many cartilaginous fishes. Intercur In`ter*cur" (?), v. i. [L. intercurrere. See Intercourse.] To intervene; to come or occur in the meantime. [Obs.] Shelton. Intercurrence In`ter*cur"rence (?), n. [See Intercurrent.] A passing or running between; occurrence. Boyle. Intercurrent In`ter*cur"rent (?), a. [L. intercurrens, p. pr. of intercurrere: cf. F. intercurrent. See Intercur.] 1. Running between or among; intervening. Boyle. Bp. Fell. 2. (Med.) (a) Not belonging to any particular season. (b) Said of diseases occurring in the course of another disease. Dunglison. Intercurrent In`ter*cur"rent (?), n. Something intervening. Holland. Intercutaneous In`ter*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. Subcutaneous. Interdash In`ter*dash" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interdashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interdashing.] To dash between or among; to intersperse. Cowper. Interdeal In`ter*deal", v. i. To intrigue. [Obs.] Daniel. Interdental In`ter*den"tal (?), a. 1. Situated between teeth; as, an interdental space, the space between two teeth in a gear wheel. 2. (Phon.) Formed between the upper and lower teeth; as, interdental consonants. Interdentil In`ter*den"til (?), n. (Arch.) The space between two dentils. Gwilt. Interdependence In`ter*de*pend"ence (?), n. Mutual dependence. "The interdependence of virtue and knowledge." M. Arnold. Interdependency In`ter*de*pend"en*cy (?), n. Mutual dependence; as, interdependency of interests. De Quincey. Interdependent In`ter*de*pend"ent (?), a. Mutually dependent. Interdict In`ter*dict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interdicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interdicting.] [OE. entrediten to forbid communion, L. interdicere, interdictum. See Interdict, n.] 1. To forbid; to prohibit or debar; as, to interdict intercourse with foreign nations. Charged not to touch the interdicted tree. Milton. 2. (Eccl.) To lay under an interdict; to cut off from the enjoyment of religious privileges, as a city, a church, an individual. An archbishop may not only excommunicate and interdict his suffragans, but his vicar general may do the same. Ayliffe. Interdict In"ter*dict` (?), n. [OE. entredit, enterdit, OF. entredit, F. interdit, fr. L. interdictum, fr. interdicere to interpose, prohibit; inter between + dicere to say. See Diction.] 1. A prohibitory order or decree; a prohibition. These are not fruits forbidden; no interdict Defends the touching of these viands pure. Milton. 2. (R. C. Ch.) A prohibition of the pope, by which the clergy or laymen are restrained from performing, or from attending, divine service, or from administering the offices or enjoying the privileges of the church. 3. (Scots Law) An order of the court of session, having the like purpose and effect with a writ of injunction out of chancery in England and America. Interdiction In`ter*dic"tion (?), n. [L. interdictio: cf. F. interdiction.] The act of interdicting; prohibition; prohibiting decree; curse; interdict. The truest issue of thy throne By his own interdiction stands accurst. Shak. Interdictive In`ter*dict"ive (?), a. Having the power to prohibit; as, an interdictive sentence. Milton. Interdictory In`ter*dict"o*ry (?), a. [L. interdictorius.] Belonging to an interdiction; prohibitory. Interdigital In`ter*dig"i*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the fingers or toes; as, interdigital space. Interdigitate In`ter*dig"i*tate (?), v. t. To interweave. [R.] Interdigitate In`ter*dig"i*tate, v. i. [Pref. inter- + L. digitus finger.] To interlock, as the fingers of two hands that are joined; to be interwoven; to commingle. Owen. Interdigitation In`ter*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. (Anat.) The state of interdigitating; interdigital space. Owen. Interdome In"ter*dome` (?), n. (Arch.) The open space between the inner and outer shells of a dome or cupola of masonry. Interduce In"ter*duce (?), n. [Cf. F. entre-deux, literally, between two.] (Carp.) An intertie. Interepimeral In"ter*e*pim"er*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Between the epimeral plates of insects and crustaceans. Interequinoctial In`ter*e`qui*noc"tial (?), a. Coming between the equinoxes. Summer and winter I have called interequinoctial intervals. F. Balfour. Interess In"ter*ess (?), v. t. [See Interest, v. t.] To interest or affect. [Obs.] Hooker. Interesse In"ter*esse (?), n. Interest. [Obs.] Spenser. Interest In"ter*est (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interested (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interesting.] [From interess'd, p. p. of the older form interess, fr. F. int\'82resser, L. interesse. See Interest, n.] 1. To engage the attention of; to awaken interest in; to excite emotion or passion in, in behalf of a person or thing; as, the subject did not interest him; to interest one in charitable work. To love our native country . . . to be interested in its concerns is natural to all men. Dryden. A goddess who used to interest herself in marriages. Addison. 2. To be concerned with or engaged in; to affect; to concern; to excite; -- often used impersonally. [Obs.] Or rather, gracious sir, Create me to this glory, since my cause Doth interest this fair quarrel. Ford. 3. To cause or permit to share. [Obs.] The mystical communion of all faithful men is such as maketh every one to be interested in those precious blessings which any one of them receiveth at God's hands. Hooker. Syn. -- To concern; excite; attract; entertain; engage; occupy; hold. Interest In"ter*est, n. [OF. interest, F. int\'82r\'88t, fr. L. interest it interests, is of interest, fr. interesse to be between, to be difference, to be importance; inter between + esse to be; cf. LL. interesse usury. See Essence.] 1. Excitement of feeling, whether pleasant or painful, accompanying special attention to some object; concern. NOTE: &hand; In terest expresses mental excitement of various kinds and degrees. It may be intellectual, or sympathetic and emotional, or merely personal; as, an interest in philosophical research; an interest in human suffering; the interest which an avaricious man takes in money getting. So much interest have I in thy sorrow. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 777 2. Participation in advantage, profit, and responsibility; share; portion; part; as, an interest in a brewery; he has parted with his interest in the stocks. 3. Advantage, personal or general; good, regarded as a selfish benefit; profit; benefit. Divisions hinder the common interest and public good. Sir W. Temple. When interest calls of all her sneaking train. Pope. 4. Premium paid for the use of money, -- usually reckoned as a percentage; as, interest at five per cent per annum on ten thousand dollars. They have told their money, and let out Their coin upon large interest. Shak. 5. Any excess of advantage over and above an exact equivalent for what is given or rendered. You shall have your desires with interest. Shak. 6. The persons interested in any particular business or measure, taken collectively; as, the iron interest; the cotton interest. Compound interest, interest, not only on the original principal, but also on unpaid interest from the time it fell due. -- Simple interest, interest on the principal sum without interest on overdue interest. Interested In"ter*est*ed (?), a. [See Interest, v. t.] 1. Having the attention engaged; having emotion or passion excited; as, an interested listener. 2. Having an interest; concerned in a cause or in consequences; liable to be affected or prejudiced; as, an interested witness. Interestedness In"ter*est*ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being interested; selfishness. Richardson. Interesting In"ter*est*ing, a. Engaging the attention; exciting, or adapted to excite, interest, curiosity, or emotion; as, an interesting story; interesting news. Cowper. Interestingly In"ter*est*ing*ly, adv. In an interesting manner. Interestingness In"ter*est*ing*ness, n. The condition or quality of being interesting. A. Smith. Interfacial In`ter*fa"cial (?), a. (Geom.) Included between two plane surfaces or faces; as, an interfacial angle. Interfascicular In`ter*fas*cic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between fascicles or bundles; as, the interfascicular spaces of connective tissue. Interferant In`ter*fer"ant (?), n. (Law) One of the contestants in interference before the Patent Office. [U.S.] Interfere In`ter*fere" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interfered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interfering.] [OF. entreferir to strike each other; entre between (L. inter) + OF. ferir to strike, F. f\'82rir, fr. L. ferire. See Ferula.] 1. To come in collision; to be in opposition; to clash; as, interfering claims, or commands. 2. To enter into, or take a part in, the concerns of others; to intermeddle; to interpose. To interfere with party disputes. Swift. There was no room for anyone to interfere with his own opinions. Bp. Warburton. 3. To strike one foot against the opposite foot or ankle in using the legs; -- sometimes said of a human being, but usually of a horse; as, the horse interferes. 4. (Physics) To act reciprocally, so as to augment, diminish, or otherwise affect one another; -- said of waves, rays of light, heat, etc. See Interference, 2. 5. (Patent Law) To cover the same ground; to claim the same invention. Syn. -- To interpose; intermeddle. See Interpose. Interference In`ter*fer"ence (?), n. [See Interfere.] 1. The act or state of interfering; as, the stoppage of a machine by the interference of some of its parts; a meddlesome interference in the business of others. 2. (Physics) The mutual influence, under certain conditions, of two streams of light, or series of pulsations of sound, or, generally, two waves or vibrations of any kind, producing certain characteristic phenomena, as colored fringes, dark bands, or darkness, in the case of light, silence or increased intensity in sounds; neutralization or superposition of waves generally. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is most commonly applied to light, and the undulatory theory of light affords the proper explanation of the phenomena which are considered to be produced by the superposition of waves, and are thus substantially identical in their origin with the phenomena of heat, sound, waves of water, and the like. 3. (Patent Law) The act or state of interfering, or of claiming a right to the same invention. Interference figures (Optics), the figures observed when certain sections of crystallized bodies are viewed in converging polarized light; thus, a section of a uniaxial crystal, cut normal to the vertical axis, shows a series of concentric colored rings with a single black cross; -- so called because produced by the interference of luminous waves. -- Interference fringe. (Optics) See Fringe. Interferer In`ter*fer"er (?), n. One who interferes. Interferingly In`ter*fer"ing*ly, adv. By or with interference. Interflow In`ter*flow" (?), v. i. To flow in. [R.] Holland. Interfluent, Interfluous In*ter"flu*ent (?), In*ter"flu*ous (?), a. [L. interfluens, p. pr., and interfluus. See Inter-, and Fluent.] Flowing between or among; intervening. Boyle. Interfolded In`ter*fold"ed (?), p. a. Intertwined; interlocked; clasped together. Longfellow. Interfoliaceous In`ter*fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. [Pref. inter- + foliaceous: cf. F. interfoliac\'82.] (Bot.) At the same node with opposite or whorled leaves, but occupying a position between their places of attachment. Interfoliate In`ter*fo"li*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. inter- + L. folium leaf.] To interleave. [Obs.] Evelyn. Interfollicular In`ter*fol*lic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between follicles; as, the interfollicular septa in a lymphatic gland. Interfretted In`ter*fret"ted (?), a. (Her.) Interlaced; linked together; -- said of charges or bearings. See Fretted. Interfulgent In`ter*ful"gent (?), a. [L. interfulgens, p. pr. See Inter-, and Fulgent.] Shining between. Interfuse In`ter*fuse" (, v. t. [L. interfusus, p. p. of interfundere to pour between; inter between + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.] 1. To pour or spread between or among; to diffuse; to scatter. The ambient air, wide interfused, Embracing round this florid earth. Milton. 2. To spread through; to permeate; to pervade. [R.] Keats, in whom the moral seems to have so perfectly interfused the physical man, that you might almost say he could feel sorrow with his hands. Lowell. 3. To mix up together; to associate. H. Spencer. Interfusion In`ter*fu"sion (?), n. [L. interfusio.] The act of interfusing, or the state of being interfused. Coleridge. Interganglionic In`ter*gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Between and uniting the nervous ganglions; as, interganglionic cords. Interglobular In`ter*glob"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between globules; -- applied esp. to certain small spaces, surrounded by minute globules, in dentine. Intergrave In`ter*grave" (?), v. t. [imp. Intergraved (?); p. p. Intergraved or Intergraven (p. pr. & vb. n. Intergraving.] To grave or carve between; to engrave in the alternate sections. The work itself of the bases, was intergraven. 3 Kings vii. 28 (Douay version. ) Interhemal, Interh\'91mal In`ter*he"mal, In`ter*h\'91"mal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the hemal arches or hemal spines. -- n. An interhemal spine or cartilage. Interhyal In`ter*hy"al (?), a. [Inter- + the Greek letter (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a segment sometimes present at the proximal end of the hyoidean arch. -- n. An interhyal ligament or cartilage. Interim In"ter*im (?), n. [L., fr. inter between + im, an old accusative of is he, this, that.] 1. The meantime; time intervening; interval between events, etc. All the interim is Like a phantasms, or a hideous dream. Shak. 2. (Hist.) A name given to each of three compromises made by the emperor Charles V. of Germany for the sake of harmonizing the connecting opinions of Protestants and Catholics. Interior In*te"ri*or (?), a. [L., compar. fr. inter between: cf. F. int\'82rieur. See Inter-, and cf. Intimate.] 1. Being within any limits, inclosure, or substance; inside; internal; inner; -- opposed to exterior, or superficial; as, the interior apartments of a house; the interior surface of a hollow ball. 2. Remote from the limits, frontier, or shore; inland; as, the interior parts of a region or country. Interior angle (Geom.), an angle formed between two sides, within any rectilinear figure, as a polygon, or between two parallel lines by these lines and another intersecting them; -- called also internal angle. -- Interior planets (Astron.), those planets within the orbit of the earth. -- Interior screw, a screw cut on an interior surface, as in a nut; a female screw. Syn. -- Internal; inside; inner; inland; inward. Interior In*te"ri*or, n. 1. That which is within; the internal or inner part of a thing; the inside. 2. The inland part of a country, state, or kingdom. Department of the Interior, that department of the government of the United States which has charge of pensions, patents, public lands and surveys, the Indians, education, etc.; that department of the government of a country which is specially charged with the internal affairs of that country; the home department. -- Secretary of the Interior, the cabinet officer who, in the United States, is at the head of the Department of the Interior. Interiority In*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. State of being interior. Interiorly In*te"ri*or*ly (?), adv. Internally; inwardly. Interjacence, Interjacency In`ter*ja"cence (?), In`ter*ja"cen*cy (?), n. [See Interjacent.] The state of being between; a coming or lying between or among; intervention; also, that which lies between. England and Scotland is divided only by the interjacency of the Tweed. Sir M. Hale. Interjacent In`ter*ja"cent (?), a. [L. interjacens, -entis, p. pr. of interjacere to lie between; inter between + jac to lie.] Lying or being between or among; intervening; as, interjacent isles. Sir W. Raleigh. Interjaculate In`ter*jac"u*late (?), v. t. To ejaculate parenthetically. [R.] Thackeray. Interjangle In`ter*jan"gle (?), v. i. To make a dissonant, discordant noise one with another; to talk or chatter noisily. [R.] Daniel. Interject In`ter*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interjected; p. pr. & vb. n. Interjecting.] [L. interjectus, p. p. of interjicere to interject; inter between + jac to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] To throw in between; to insert; to interpose. Sir H. Wotton. Interject In`ter*ject", v. i. To throw one's self between or among; to come between; to interpose. Sir G. Buck. Interjection In`ter*jec"tion (?), n. [L. interjectio: cf. F. interjection. See Interject.] 1. The act of interjecting or throwing between; also, that which is interjected. The interjection of laughing. Bacon. 2. (Gram.) A word or form of speech thrown in to express emotion or feeling, as O! Alas! Ha ha! Begone! etc. Compare Exclamation. An interjection implies a meaning which it would require a whole grammatical sentence to expound, and it may be regarded as the rudiment of such a sentence. But it is a confusion of thought to rank it among the parts of speech. Earle. How now! interjections? Why, then, some be of laughing, as, ah, ha, he! Shak. Interjectional In`ter*jec"tion*al (?), a. 1. Thrown in between other words or phrases; parenthetical; ejaculatory; as, an interjectional remark. 2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an interjection; consisting of natural and spontaneous exclamations. Certain of the natural accompaniments of interjectional speech, such as gestures, grimaces, and gesticulations, are restrained by civilization. Earle. Interjectionalize In`ter*jec"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To convert into, or to use as, an interjection. Earle. Interjectionally In`ter*jec"tion*al*ly, adv. In an interjectional manner. G. Eliot. Interjectionary In`ter*jec"tion*a*ry (?), a. Interjectional. Interjoin In`ter*join" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interjoined; p. pr. & vb. n. Interjoining.] [Pref. inter + join.] To join mutually; to unite. [R.] Shak. Interjoist In"ter*joist` (?), n. (Carp.) 1. The space or interval between two joists. Gwilt. 2. A middle joist or crossbeam. De Colange. Interjunction In`ter*junc"tion (?), n. [L. interjunctus, p. p. of interjungere to join together. See Inter-, and Join, and cf. Interjoin.] A mutual joining. [R.] Interknit In`ter*knit" (?), v. t. To knit together; to unite closely; to intertwine. Interknow In`ter*know" (?), v. t. To know mutually. [Obs.] Interknowledge In`ter*knowl"edge (?), n. Mutual knowledge or acquaintance. [Obs.] Bacon. Interlace In`ter*lace" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Interlaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interlacing (?).] [OE. entrelacen, F. entrelacer. See Inter-, and Lace.] To unite, as by lacing together; to insert or interpose one thing within another; to intertwine; to interweave. Severed into stripes That interlaced each other. Cowper. The epic way is every where interlaced with dialogue. Dryden. Interlacing arches (Arch.), arches, usually circular, so constructed that their archivolts intersect and seem to be interlaced. Interlacement In`ter*lace"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. entrelacement.] The act of interlacing, or the state of being interlaced; also, that which is interlaced. Interlamellar, Interlaminar In`ter*lam"el*lar (?), In`ter*lam"i*nar (?), a. (Anat.) Between lammell\'91 or lamin\'91; as, interlamellar spaces. Interlaminated In`ter*lam"i*na`ted (?), a. Placed between, or containing, lamin\'91 or plates. Interlamination In`ter*lam`i*na"tion (?), n. The state of being interlaminated. Interlapse In"ter*lapse` (?), n. [Pref. inter- + lapse: cf. L. interlabi, interlapsus, to fall, slide, or flow, between.] The lapse or interval of time between two events. [R.] Harvey. Interlard In`ter*lard" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Interlarding.] [F. entrelarder. See Inter-, and Lard.] 1. To place lard or bacon amongst; to mix, as fat meat with lean. [Obs.] Whose grain doth rise in flakes, with fatness interlarded. Drayton. 2. Hence: To insert between; to mix or mingle; especially, to introduce that which is foreign or irrelevant; as, to interlard a conservation with oaths or allusions. The English laws . . . [were] mingled and interlarded with many particular laws of their own. Sir M. Hale. They interlard their native drinks with choice Of strongest brandy. J. Philips. Interlay In`ter*lay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interlaying.] To lay or place among or between. Daniel. Interleaf In"ter*leaf` (?), n.; pl. Interleaves (#). [See Interleave.] A leaf inserted between other leaves; a blank leaf inserted, as in a book. Interleave In`ter*leave" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interleaved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interleaving.] [Pref. inter- + leaf.] To insert a leaf or leaves in; to bind with blank leaves inserted between the others; as, to interleave a book. Interlibel In`ter*li"bel (?), v. t. To libel mutually. Interline In`ter*line" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interlined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interlining.] [Pref. inter- + line: cf. LL. interlineare, F. interlin\'82er, OF. entreligner.] 1. To write or insert between lines already written or printed, as for correction or addition; to write or print something between the lines of; as, to interline a page or a book. Swift. 2. To arrange in alternate lines; as, to interline Latin and English. Locke. 3. To mark or imprint with lines. A crooked wrinkle interlines my brow. Marlowe. Interlineal, Interlinear In`ter*lin"e*al (?), In`ter*lin"e*ar (?), a. [Cf. LL. interlinearis, F. interlin\'82aire.] Contained between lines; written or inserted between lines already written or printed; containing interlineations; as, an interlinear manuscript, translation, etc. -- In`ter*lin"e*ar*ly, adv. Interlineary In`ter*lin"e*a*ry (?), a. Interlinear. -- n. A book containing interlineations. [R.] Interlineation In`ter*lin`e*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. interlin\'82ation.] 1. The act of interlining. 2. That which is interlined; a passage, word, or line inserted between lines already written or printed. Interlining In`ter*lin"ing (?), n. Correction or alteration by writing between the lines; interlineation. Bp. Burnet. Interlink In`ter*link" (?), v. t. To link together; to join, as one chain to another. Dryden. Interlink In`ter*link" (?), n. An intermediate or connecting link. Interlobar In`ter*lo"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Between lobes; as, the interlobar notch of the liver; the interlobar ducts of a gland. Interlobular In`ter*lob"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. inter- + lobular: cf. F. interlobulaire.] (Anat.) Between lobules; as, the interlobular branches of the portal vein. _________________________________________________________________ Page 778 Interlocation In`ter*lo*ca"tion (?), n. A placing or coming between; interposition. Interlock In`ter*lock" (?), v. i. To unite, embrace, communicate with, or flow into, one another; to be connected in one system; to lock into one another; to interlace firmly. Interlock In`ter*lock", v. t. To unite by locking or linking together; to secure in place by mutual fastening. My lady with her fingers interlocked. Tennyson. Interlocution In`ter*lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L. interlocutio, from interloqui, interlocutus, to speak between; inter between + loqui to speak: cf. F. interlocution. See Loquacious.] 1. Interchange of speech; dialogue; conversation; conference. 2. (Law) An intermediate act or decree before final decision. Ayliffe. 3. Hence, intermediate argument or discussion. Interlocutor In`ter*loc"u*tor (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. interlocuteur.] 1. One who takes part in dialogue or conversation; a talker, interpreter, or questioner. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Law) An interlocutory judgment or sentence. Interlocutory In`ter*loc"u*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. LL. interlocutorius, F. interlocutoire.] 1. Consisting of, or having the nature of, dialogue; conversational. Interlocutory discourses in the Holy Scriptures. Fiddes. 2. (Law) Intermediate; not final or definitive; made or done during the progress of an action. NOTE: &hand; An or der, sentence, decree, or judgment, given in an intermediate stage between the commencement and termination of a cause, is called interlocutory. Interlocutory In`ter*loc"u*to*ry, n. [Cf. F. interlocutoire.] Interpolated discussion or dialogue. Interlocutrice In`ter*loc"u*trice (?), n. [F.] A female interlocutor. Interlope In`ter*lope" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Interloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interloping.] [See Interloper.] To run between parties and intercept without right the advantage that one should gain from the other; to traffic without a proper license; to intrude; to forestall others; to intermeddle. Interloper In"ter*lo`per (?; 277), n. [Pref. inter- + D. looper a runner, fr. loopen to run; akin to E. leap. See Leap, and cf. Elope.] One who interlopes; one who interlopes; one who unlawfully intrudes upon a property, a station, or an office; one who interferes wrongfully or officiously. The untrained man, . . . the interloper as to the professions. I. Taylor. Interlucate In`ter*lu"cate (?), v. t. [L. interlucatus, p. p. of interlucare; inter between + lux, lucis, light.] To let in light upon, as by cutting away branches. [Obs.] Interlucation In`ter*lu*ca"tion (?), n. [L. interlucatio.] Act of thinning a wood to let in light. [Obs.] Evelyn. Interlucent In`ter*lu"cent (?), a. [L. interlucens, p. pr. See Inter-, and Lucent.] Shining between. Interlude In`ter*lude (?), n. [OE. enterlude, LL. interludium; LL. inter between + ludus play, fr. ludere to play: cf. F. interlude. See Ludicrous.] 1. A short entertainment exhibited on the stage between the acts of a play, or between the play and the afterpiece, to relieve the tedium of waiting. Dreams are but interludes, which fancy makes When monarch reason sleeps. Dryden. 2. A form of English drama or play, usually short, merry, and farcical, which succeeded the Moralities or Moral Plays in the transition to the romantic or Elizabethan drama. 3. (Mus.) A short piece of instrumental music played between the parts of a song or cantata, or the acts of a drama; especially, in church music, a short passage played by the organist between the stanzas of a hymn, or in German chorals after each line. Interluded In"ter*lu`ded (?), a. Inserted in the manner of an interlude; having or containing interludes. Interluder In"ter*lu`der (?), n. An actor who performs in an interlude. B. Jonson. Interluency In"ter*lu`en*cy (?), n. [L. interluens, p. pr. of interluere to flow between; inter + luere.] A flowing between; intervening water. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Interlunar, Interlunary In`ter*lu"nar (?), In`ter*lu"na*ry (?), a. [Pref. inter- + lunar: cf. L. interlunis.] Belonging or pertaining to the time when the moon, at or near its conjunction with the sun, is invisible. Milton. Intermandibular In`ter*man*dib"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between the mandibles; interramal; as, the intermandibular space. Intermarriage In`ter*mar"riage (?), n. Connection by marriage; reciprocal marriage; giving and taking in marriage, as between two families, tribes, castes, or nations. Intermarry In`ter*mar"ry (?), v. i. To become connected by marriage between their members; to give and take mutually in marriage; -- said of families, ranks, castes, etc. About the middle of the fourth century from the building of Rome, it was declared lawful for nobles and plebeians to intermarry. Swift. Intermaxilla In`ter*max*il"la (?), n.; pl. Intermaxill\'91 (. (Anat.) See Premaxilla. Intermaxillary In`ter*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Between the maxillary bones. (b) Of or pertaining to the intermaxill\'91. -- n. An intermaxilla. Intermean In"ter*mean` (?), n. Something done in the meantime; interlude. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Intermeation In`ter*me*a"tion (?), n. [L. intermeare, intermeatum; to go between; inter between + meare to go.] A flowing between. [Obs.] Bailey. Intermeddle In`ter*med"dle (?), v. i. [OE. entremedlen, entermellen, to mix together, OF. entremedler, entremeller, entremesler, F. entrem\'88ler. See Inter-, and Meddle.] To meddle with the affairs of others; to meddle officiously; to interpose or interfere improperly; to mix or meddle with. The practice of Spain hath been, by war and by conditions of treaty, to intermeddle with foreign states. Bacon. Syn. -- To interpose; interfere. See Interpose. Intermeddle In`ter*med"dle (?), v. t. To intermix; to mingle. [Obs.] Many other adventures are intermeddled. Spenser. Intermeddler In`ter*med"dler (?), n. One who meddles with, or intrudes into, the affairs of others. Swift. Intermeddlesome In`ter*med"dle*some (?), a. Inclined or disposed to intermeddle. -- In`ter*med"dle*some*ness, n. Intermeddling In`ter*med"dling (?), n. The act of improperly interfering. Burke. Intermede In"ter*mede (?), n. [F. interm\'8ade, fr. L. inter between + medius, adj., middle; cf. It. intermedio. Cf. Intermezzo.] A short musical dramatic piece, of a light and pleasing, sometimes a burlesque, character; an interlude introduced between the acts of a play or an opera. Intermediacy In`ter*me"di*a*cy (?), n. [From Intermediate.] Interposition; intervention. Derham. Intermedi\'91 In`ter*me"di*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. intermedius intermedial.] (Zo\'94l.) The middle pair of tail feathers, or middle rectrices. Intermedial In`ter*me"di*al (?), a. [Pref. inter- + medial: cf. L. intermedius.] Lying between; intervening; intermediate. "Intermedial colors." Evelyn. Intermedian In`ter*me"di*an (?), a. Intermediate. [Obs.] Intermediary In`ter*me"di*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. interm\'82diaire.] Lying, coming, or done, between; intermediate; as, an intermediary project. Intermediary amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury, performed after inflammation has set in. Intermediary In`ter*me"di*a*ry, n.; pl. Intermediaries (. One who, or that which, is intermediate; an interagent; a go-between. Intermediate In`ter*me"di*ate (?), a. [Pref. inter- + mediate: cf. F. interm\'82diat.] Lying or being in the middle place or degree, or between two extremes; coming or done between; intervening; interposed; interjacent; as, an intermediate space or time; intermediate colors. Intermediate state (Theol.), the state or condition of the soul between the death and the resurrection of the body. -- Intermediate terms (Math.), the terms of a progression or series between the first and the last (which are called the extremes); the means. -- Intermediate tie. (Arch.) Same as Intertie. Intermediate In`ter*me"di*ate (?), v. i. To come between; to intervene; to interpose. Milton. Intermediately In`ter*me"di*ate*ly (?), adv. In an intermediate manner; by way of intervention. Intermediation In`ter*me`di*a"tion (?), n. The act of coming between; intervention; interposition. Burke. Intermediator In`ter*me"di*a`tor (?), n. A mediator. Intermedious In`ter*me"di*ous (?), a. [L. intermedius.] Intermediate. [R.] Cudworth. Intermedium In`ter*me"di*um (?), n.; pl. Intermediums (#), L. Intermedia (#). [NL., neut. of L. intermedius intermediate.] 1. Intermediate space. [R.] 2. An intervening agent or instrument. Cowper. 3. (Anat.) The bone or cartilage between the radiale and ulnare in the carpus, and between the tibiale and fibulare in the tarsus. It corresponds to the lunar in the carpus, and to a part of the astragalus in the tarsus of man and most mammals. Intermell In`ter*mell" (?), v. i. & t. [See Intermeddle.] To intermeddle; to intermix. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher. Intermembral In`ter*mem"bral (?), a. (Anat.) Between members or limbs; as, intermembral homology, the correspondence of the limbs with each other. Intermembranous In`ter*mem"bra*nous (?), a. (Anat.) Within or beneath a membrane; as, intermembranous ossification. Interment In*ter"ment (?), n. [OE. enterment, F. enterrement. See Inter, v. t.] The act or ceremony of depositing a dead body in the earth; burial; sepulture; inhumation. T. Warton. Intermention In`ter*men"tion (?), v. t. To mention among other things, or casually or incidentally. [Obs.] Intermesenteric In`ter*mes`en*ter"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Within the mesentery; as, the intermesenteric, or aortic, plexus. Intermetacarpal In`ter*me`ta*car"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the metacarpal bones. Intermetatarsal In`ter*me`ta*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the metatarsal bones. Intermezzo In`ter*mez"zo (?), n. [It. See Intermede.] (Mus.) An interlude; an intermede. See Intermede. Intermicate In`ter*mi"cate (?), v. i. [L. intermicare; inter- between + micare to glitter.] To flash or shine between or among. [R.] Blount. Intermication In`ter*mi*ca"tion (?), n. A shining between or among. [R.] Smart. Intermigration In`ter*mi*gra"tion (?), n. Reciprocal migration; interchange of dwelling place by migration. [R.] Sir M. Hale. Interminable In*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. interminabilis: cf. F. interminable. See Terminate.] Without termination; admitting no limit; boundless; endless; wearisomely protracted; as, interminable space or duration; interminable sufferings. That wild interminable waste of waves. Grainger. Syn. -- Boundless; endless; limitless; illimitable; immeasurable; infinite; unbounded; unlimited. Interminableness In*ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n. The state of being endless. Interminably In*ter"mi*na*bly, adv. Without end or limit. Interminate In*ter"mi*nate, a. [L. interminatus; in- not + terminatus, p. p. of terminate.] Endless; as, interminate sleep. Chapman. Interminate In*ter"mi*nate (?), v. t. [L. interminatus, p. p. of interminari; inter between + minari to threaten.] To menace; to threaten. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Interminated In*ter"mi*na`ted (?), a. Interminable; interminate; endless; unending. [Obs.] Akenside. Intermination In*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. interminatio.] A menace or threat. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Intermine In`ter*mine" (?), v. t. To intersect or penetrate with mines. [Obs.] Drayton. Intermingle In`ter*min"gle (?), v. t. To mingle or mix together; to intermix. Hooker. Intermingle In`ter*min"gle, v. i. To be mixed or incorporated. Party and faction will intermingle. Swift. Intermise In"ter*mise (?), n. [Cf. F. entremise. See Intermission.] Interference; interposition. [Obs.] Bacon. Intermission In`ter*mis"sion (?), n. [L. intermissio: cf. F. intermission. See Intermit.] 1. The act or the state of intermitting; the state of being neglected or disused; disuse; discontinuance. B. Jonson. 2. Cessation for a time; an intervening period of time; an interval; a temporary pause; as, to labor without intermission; an intermission of ten minutes. Rest or intermission none I find. Milton. 3. (Med.) The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever; the space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. Intermission is an entire cessation, as distinguished from remission, or abatement of fever. 4. Intervention; interposition. [Obs.] Heylin. Syn. -- Cessation; interruption; interval; pause; stop; rest; suspension. See Cessation. Intermissive In`ter*mis"sive (?), a. Having temporary cessations; not continual; intermittent. "Intermissive miseries." Shak. "Intermissive wars." Howell. Intermit In`ter*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intermitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intermitting.] [L. intermittere; inter between + mittere, missum, to send: cf. OE. entremeten to busy (one's self) with, F. s'entremettre. See Missile.] To cause to cease for a time, or at intervals; to interrupt; to suspend. Pray to the gods to intermit the plague. Shak. Intermit In`ter*mit", v. i. To cease for a time or at intervals; to moderate; to be intermittent, as a fever. Pope. Intermittence In`ter*mit"tence (?), n. [Cf. F. intermittence.] Act or state of intermitting; intermission. Tyndall. Intermittent In`ter*mit"tent (?), a. [L. intermittens, -entis, p. pr. of intermittere: cf. F. intermittent.] Coming and going at intervals; alternating; recurrent; periodic; as, an intermittent fever. Boyle. Intermittent fever (Med.), a disease with fever which recurs at certain intervals; -- applied particularly to fever and ague. See Fever. -- Intermittent gearing (Mach.), gearing which receives, or produces, intermittent motion. -- Intermittent springs, springs which flow at intervals, not apparently dependent upon rain or drought. They probably owe their intermittent action to their being connected with natural reservoirs in hills or mountains by passages having the form of a siphon, the water beginning to flow when it has accumulated so as to fill the upper part of the siphon, and ceasing when, by running through it, it has fallen below the orifice of the upper part of the siphon in the reservoir. Intermittent In`ter*mit"tent, n. (Med.) An intermittent fever or disease. Dunglison. Intermittently In`ter*mit"tent*ly, adv. With intermissions; in an intermittent manner; intermittingly. Intermittingly In`ter*mit"ting*ly (?), adv. With intermissions; at intervals. W. Montagu. Intermix In`ter*mix" (?), v. t. To mix together; to intermingle. In yonder spring of roses, intermixed With myrtle, find what to redress till noon. Milton. Intermix In`ter*mix", v. i. To be mixed together; to be intermingled. Intermixedly In`ter*mix"ed*ly (?), adv. In a mixed manner. Intermixture In`ter*mix"ture (?; 135), n. 1. A mass formed by mixture; a mass of ingredients mixed. Boyle. 2. Admixture; an additional ingredient. In this height of impiety there wanted not an intermixture of levity and folly. Bacon. Intermobility In`ter*mo*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capacity of things to move among each other; as, the intermobility of fluid particles. Intermodillion In`ter*mo*dil"lion (?), n. (Arch.) The space between two modillions. Intermontane In`ter*mon"tane (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. montanus belonging to a mountain, fr. mons, montis, mountain.] Between mountains; as, intermontane soil. Intermundane In`ter*mun"dane (?), a. Being, between worlds or orbs. [R.] "Intermundane spaces." Locke. Intermundian In`ter*mun"di*an (?), a. Intermundane. [Obs.] Intermural In`ter*mu"ral (?), a. Lying between walls; inclosed by walls. Intermure In`ter*mure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intermured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intermuring.] [Pref. inter- + L. murus wall.] To wall in; to inclose. [Obs.] Ford. Intermuscular In`ter*mus"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between muscles; as, intermuscular septa. Intermutation In`ter*mu*ta"tion (?), n. Interchange; mutual or reciprocal change. Intermutual In`ter*mu"tu*al (?; 135), a. Mutual. [Obs.] Daniel. -- In`ter*mu"tu*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Intern In*tern" (?), a. [L. internus: cf. F. interne. See Internal.] Internal. [Obs.] Howell. Intern In*tern", v. t. [F. interne. See Intern, a.] To put for safe keeping in the interior of a place or country; to confine to one locality; as, to intern troops which have fled for refuge to a neutral country. Internal In*tern"al (?), a. [L. internus; akin to interior. See Interior.] 1. Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; -- opposed to external; as, the internal parts of a body, or of the earth. 2. Derived from, or dependent on, the thing itself; inherent; as, the internal evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures. 3. Pertaining to its own affairs or interests; especially, (said of a country) domestic, as opposed to foreign; as, internal trade; internal troubles or war. 4. Pertaining to the inner being or the heart; spiritual. With our Savior, internal purity is everything. Paley. 5. Intrinsic; inherent; real. [R.] The internal rectitude of our actions in the sight of God. Rogers. _________________________________________________________________ Page 779 6. (Anat.) Lying toward the mesial plane; mesial. Internal angle (Geom.), an interior angle. See under Interior. -- Internal gear (Mach.), a gear in which the teeth project inward from the rim instead of outward. Syn. -- Inner; interior; inward; inland; inside. Internality In`ter*nal"i*ty (?), n. The state of being internal or within; interiority. Internally In*ter"nal*ly (?), adv. 1. Inwardly; within the enveloping surface, or the boundary of a thing; within the body; beneath the surface. 2. Hence: Mentally; spiritually. Jer. Taylor. Internasal In`ter*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the nasal cavities; as, the internasal cartilage. International In`ter*na"tion*al (?), a. [Pref. inter- + national: cf. F. international.] 1. Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations. 2. Of or concerning the association called the International. International code (Naut.), a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea. -- International copyright. See under Copyright. -- International law, the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called public when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and private when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. Conflict of laws, under Conflict. Wharton. International In`ter*na"tion*al, n. [Cf. F. internationale.] 1. The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association, formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the interests of the industrial classes of all nations. 2. A member of the International Association. Internationalism In`ter*na"tion*al*ism (?), n. 1. The state or principles of international interests and intercourse. 2. The doctrines or organization of the International. Internationalist In`ter*na"tion*al*ist, n. 1. One who is versed in the principles of international law. 2. A member of the International; one who believes in, or advocates the doctrines of, the International. Internationalize In`ter*na"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To make international; to cause to affect the mutual relations of two or more nations; as, to internationalize a principle of law, or a philanthropic enterprise. Internationally In`ter*na"tion*al*ly, adv. In an international manner; from an international point of view. Interne In*terne" (?), n. [See Intern, a.] That which is within; the interior. [Poetic] Mrs. Browning. Interneciary, Internecinal In`ter*ne"cia*ry (?), In`ter*ne"ci*nal (?), a. Internecine. Internecine In`ter*ne"cine (?), a. [L. internecinus deadly, murderous, fr. internecare to kill, to slaughter; inter between + necare to kill; akin to Gr. Necromancy.] Involving, or accompanied by, mutual slaughter; mutually destructive. Internecine quarrels, horrible tumults, stain the streets with blood. Motley. Internecion In`ter*ne"cion (?), n. [L. internecio.] Mutual slaughter or destruction; massacre. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Internecive In`ter*ne"cive (?), a. [L. internecivus.] Internecine. [R.] Sydney Smith. Internection In`ter*nec"tion (?), n. [L. internectere to bind together; inter between + nectere to fasten.] Intimate connection. [Obs.] W. Montagu. Interneural In`ter*neu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Between the neural arches or neural spines. -- n. An interneural spine or cartilage. Internity In*ter"ni*ty (?), n. State of being within; interiority. [R.] H. Brooke. Internment In*tern"ment (?), n. [F. internement. See Intern.] Confinement within narrow limits, -- as of foreign troops, to the interior of a country. Internodal In`ter*no"dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to internodes; intervening between nodes or joints. Internode In"ter*node` (?), n. [L. internodium; inter between + nodus knot.] 1. (Bot.) The space between two nodes or points of the stem from which the leaves properly arise. H. Spenser. 2. (Anat.) A part between two joints; a segment; specifically, one of the phalanges. Internodial In`ter*no"di*al (?), a. Internodal. [R.] Internuncial In`ter*nun"cial (?), a. [See Internuncio.] 1. Of or pertaining to an internuncio. 2. (Physiol.) Communicating or transmitting impressions between different parts of the body; -- said of the nervous system. Carpenter. Internunciess In`ter*nun"ciess (?), n. A female messenger. [R.] Internuncio In`ter*nun"ci*o (?), n.; pl. Internuncios (#). [L. internuntius; inter between + nuntius, nuncius, messenger: cf. It. internunzio. See Nuncio.] 1. A messenger between two parties. Johnson. 2. A representative, or charg\'82 d'affaires, of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government, ranking next below a nuncio. NOTE: &hand; Th is ti tle wa s fo rmerly given also to the Austrian envoy at Constantinople. Internuncioship In`ter*nun"ci*o*ship, n. The office or function of an internuncio. Richardson. Internuncius In`ter*nun"ci*us (?), n. [L.] Internuncio. Interoceanic In`ter*o`ce*an"ic (?), a. Between oceans; connecting oceans; as, interoceanic communication; an interoceanic canal. Interocular In`ter*oc"u*lar (?), a. Between, or within, the eyes; as, the interocular distance; situated between the eyes, as the antenn\'91 of some insects. Interpercular In`ter*per"cu*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to the interoperculum. -- n. The interopercular bone. Interoperculum In`ter*o*per"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. -la (-l&adot;). (Anat.) The postero-inferior opercular bone, in fishes. Interorbital In`ter*or"bit*al (?), a. (Anat.) Between the orbits; as, the interorbital septum. Interosculant In`ter*os"cu*lant (?), a. 1. Mutually touching or intersecting; as, interosculant circles. 2. (Biol.) Uniting two groups; -- said of certain genera which connect family groups, or of species that connect genera. See Osculant. Interosculate In`ter*os"cu*late (?), v. i. & t. 1. To kiss together to touch. See Osculate. 2. (Biol.) To have the character of, or to lie between, two distinct groups. Interosseal, Interosseous In`ter*os"se*al (?), In`ter*os"se*ous (?), a. [Pref. inter- + osseous: cf. F. interosseux.] (Anat.) Situated between bones; as, an interosseous ligament. Interpale In`ter*pale" (?), v. t. 1. To place pales between or among; to separate by pales. 2. To interweave or interlace. [R.] Brende. Interparietal In`ter*pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the parietal bones or cartilages; as, the interparietal suture. -- n. The interparietal bone or cartilage Interpause In`ter*pause` (?), n. An intermission. [R.] Interpeal In`ter*peal" (?), v. t. To interpel. [Obs.] Interpedencular In`ter*pe*den"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between peduncles; esp., between the peduncles, or crura, of the cerebrum. Interpel In`ter*pel" (?), v. t. [L. interpellare, interpellatum; inter between + pellare (in comp.), akin to pellere to drive: cf. F. interpeller. Cf. Interpellate.] To interrupt, break in upon, or intercede with. [Obs.] I am interpelled by many businesses. Howell. Interpellant In`ter*pel"lant (?), a. [L. interpellans, p. pr. See Interpel.] Interpelling; interrupting. -- n. One who, or that which, interpels. Interpellate In`ter*pel"late (?), v. t. [See Interpel.] To question imperatively, as a minister, or other executive officer, in explanation of his conduct; -- generally on the part of a legislative body. Interpellation In`ter*pel*la"tion (?), n. [L. interpellatio: cf. F. interpellation.] 1. The act of interpelling or interrupting; interruption. "Continual interpellations." Bp. Hall. 2. The act of interposing or interceding; intercession. Accepted by his interpellation and intercession. Jer. Taylor. 3. An act of interpellating, or of demanding of an officer an explanation of his action; imperative or peremptory questioning; a point raised in a debate. 4. A official summons or citation. Ayliffe. Interpenetrate In`ter*pen"e*trate (?), v. t. To penetrate between or within; to penetrate mutually. It interpenetrates my granite mass. Shelley. Interpenetrate In`ter*pen"e*trate, v. i. To penetrate each the other; to penetrate between bodies or their parts. Interpenetrating molding (Arch.), in late Gothic architecture, a decoration by means of moldings which seem to pass through solid uprights, transoms, or other members; often, two sets of architectural members penetrating one another, in appearance, as if both had been plastic when they were put together. Interpenetration In`ter*pen`e*tra"tion (?), n. The act of penetrating between or within other substances; mutual penetration. Milman. Interpenetrative In`ter*pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. Penetrating among or between other substances; penetrating each the other; mutually penetrative. Interpetalary In`ter*pet"al*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. inter- + petal.] (Bot.) Between the petals of a flower. Interpetiolar In`ter*pet"i*o*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Being between petioles. Cf. Intrapetiolar. Interphalangeal In`ter*pha*lan"ge*al (?), a. (Anat.) Between phalanges; as, interphalangeal articulations. Interpilaster In`ter*pi*las"ter (?), n. (Arch.) The interval or space between two pilasters. Elmes. Interplace In`ter*place" (?), v. t. To place between or among; as, to interplace a name. [R.] Daniel. Interplanetary In`ter*plan"et*a*ry (?), a. Between planets; as, interplanetary spaces. Boyle. Interplay In`ter*play` (?), n. Mutual action or influence; interaction; as, the interplay of affection. Interplead In`ter*plead" (?), v. i. (Law) To plead against each other, or go to trial between themselves, as the claimants in an in an interpleader. See Interpleader. [Written also enterplead.] Interpleader In`ter*plead"er (?), n. 1. One who interpleads. 2. (Law) A proceeding devised to enable a person, of whom the same debt, duty, or thing is claimed adversely by two or more parties, to compel them to litigate the right or title between themselves, and thereby to relieve himself from the suits which they might otherwise bring against him. Interpledge In`ter*pledge" (?), v. t. To pledge mutually. [R.] Interpoint In`ter*point" (?), v. t. To point; to mark with stops or pauses; to punctuate. [R.] Her sighs should interpoint her words. Daniel. Interpolable In*ter"po*la*ble (?), a. That may be interpolated; suitable to be interpolated. A most interpolable clause of one sentence. De Morgan. Interpolate In*ter"po*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interpolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interpolating.] [L. interpolatus, p. p. of interpolare to form anew, to interpolate, fr. interpolus, interpolis, falsified, vamped up, polished up; inter between + polire to polish. See Polish, v. t.] 1. To renew; to carry on with intermission. [Obs.] Motion . . . partly continued and unintermitted, . . . partly interpolated and interrupted. Sir M. Hale. 2. To alter or corrupt by the insertion of new or foreign matter; especially, to change, as a book or text, by the insertion of matter that is new, or foreign to the purpose of the author. How strangely Ignatius is mangled and interpolated, you may see by the vast difference of all copies and editions. Bp. Barlow. The Athenians were put in possession of Salamis by another law, which was cited by Solon, or, as some think, interpolated by him for that purpose. Pope. 3. (Math.) To fill up intermediate terms of, as of a series, according to the law of the series; to introduce, as a number or quantity, in a partial series, according to the law of that part of the series. Interpolated In*ter"po*la`ted (?), a. 1. Inserted in, or added to, the original; introduced; foisted in; changed by the insertion of new or spurious matter. 2. (Math.) (a) Provided with necessary interpolations; as, an interpolated table. (b) Introduced or determined by interpolation; as, interpolated quantities or numbers. Interpolation In*ter`po*la"tion (?), n. [L. interpolatio an alteration made here and there: cf. F. interpolation.] 1. The act of introducing or inserting anything, especially that which is spurious or foreign. 2. That which is introduced or inserted, especially something foreign or spurious. Bentley wrote a letter . . . . upon the scriptural glosses in our present copies of Hesychius, which he considered interpolations from a later hand. De Quincey. 3. (Math.) The method or operation of finding from a few given terms of a series, as of numbers or observations, other intermediate terms in conformity with the law of the series. Interpolator In*ter"po*la`tor (?), n. [L., a corrupter: of. F. interpolateur.] One who interpolates; esp., one who inserts foreign or spurious matter in genuine writings. Interpone In`ter*pone" (?), v. t. [L. interponere; inter between + ponere to place. See Position.] To interpose; to insert or place between. [R.] Cudworth. Interponent In`ter*po"nent (?), n. One who, or that which, interposes; an interloper, an opponent. [R.] Heywood. Interposal In`ter*pos"al (?), n. [From Interpose.] The act of interposing; interposition; intervention. Interpose In`ter*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interposing.] [F. interposer. See Inter-, and Pose, v. t.] 1. To place between; as, to interpose a screen between the eye and the light. Mountains interposed Make enemies of nations. Cowper. 2. To thrust; to intrude; to between, either for aid or for troubling. What watchful cares do interpose themselves Betwixt your eyes and night? Shak. The common Father of mankind seasonably interposed his hand, and rescues miserable man. Woodward. 3. To introduce or inject between the parts of a conversation or argument. Milton. Interpose In`ter*pose", v. i. 1. To be or come between. Long hid by interposing hill or wood. Cowper. 2. To step in between parties at variance; to mediate; as, the prince interposed and made peace. Pope. 3. To utter a sentiment by way of interruption. Boyle. Syn. -- To intervene; intercede; mediate; interfere; intermeddle. -- To Interpose, Intermeddle, Interfere. A man may often interpose with propriety in the concerns of others; he can never intermeddle without being impertinent or officious; nor can be interfere without being liable to the same charge, unless he has rights which are interfered with. "In our practical use, interference is something offensive. It is the pushing in of himself between two parties on the part of a third who was not asked, and is not thanked for his pains, and who, as the feeling of the word implies, had no business there; while interposition is employed to express the friendly, peacemaking mediation of one whom the act well became, and who, even if he was not specially invited thereunto, is still thanked for what he has done." Trench. Interpose In"ter*pose (?), n. Interposition. [Obs.] Interposer In`ter*pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, interposes or intervenes; an obstacle or interruption; a mediator or agent between parties. Shak. Interposit In`ter*pos"it (?), n. [From L. interpositus, p. p. of interponere. See Interposition.] An intermediate depot or station between one commercial city or country and another. Mitford. Interposition In`ter*po*si"tion (?; 277), n. [L. interpositio a putting between, insertion, fr. interponere, interpositum: cf. F. interposition. See Interpone, Position.] 1. The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being, placing, or coming between; mediation. 2. The thing interposed. Interposure In`ter*po"sure (?), n. Interposition. [Obs.] Interpret In*ter"pret (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interpreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interpreting.] [F. interpr\'88ter, L. interpretari, p. p. interpretatus, fr. interpre interpeter, agent, negotiator; inter between + (prob.) the root of pretium price. See Price.] 1. To explain or tell the meaning of; to expound; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms; to decipher; to define; -- applied esp. to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.; as, to interpret the Hebrew language to an Englishman; to interpret an Indian speech. Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us. Matt. i. 23. And Pharaoh told them his dreams; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh. Gen. xli. 8. 2. To apprehend and represent by means of art; to show by illustrative representation; as, an actor interprets the character of Hamlet; a musician interprets a sonata; an artist interprets a landscape. Syn. -- To translate; explain; solve; render; expound; elucidate; decipher; unfold; unravel. Interpret In*ter"pret, v. i. To act as an interpreter. Shak. Interpretable In*ter"pret*a*ble (?), a. [L. interpretabilis: cf. F. interpr\'88table.] Admitting of interpretation; capable of being interpreted or explained. Interpretament In*ter"pre*ta*ment (?), n. [L. interpretamentum.] Interpretation. [Obs.] Milton. _________________________________________________________________ Page 780 _________________________________________________________________ Page 780 Interpretation In*ter`pre*ta"tion, n. [L. interpretatio: cf. F. interpr\'82tation.] 1. The act of interpreting; explanation of what is obscure; translation; version; construction; as, the interpretation of a foreign language, of a dream, or of an enigma. Look how we can, or sad or merrily, Interpretation will misquote our looks. Shak. 2. The sense given by an interpreter; exposition or explanation given; meaning; as, commentators give various interpretations of the same passage of Scripture. 3. The power or explaining. [R.] Bacon. 4. (Fine Arts) An artist's way of expressing his thought or embodying his conception of nature. 5. (Math.) The act or process of applying general principles or formul\'91 to the explanation of the results obtained in special cases. Syn. -- Explanation; solution; translation; version; sense; exposition; rendering; definition. Interpretative In*ter"pre*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. interpr\'82tatif.] 1. Designed or fitted to interpret; explanatory. "Interpretative lexicography." Johnson. 2. According to interpretation; constructive. An interpretative siding with heresies. Hammond. Interpretatively In*ter"pre*ta*tive*ly, adv. By interpretation. Ray. Interpreter In*ter"pret*er (?), n. [Cf. OF. entrepreteur, L. interpretator.] One who or that which interprets, explains, or expounds; a translator; especially, a person who translates orally between two parties. We think most men's actions to be the interpreters of their thoughts. Locke. Interpretive In*ter"pre*tive (?), a. Interpretative. [R.] Interpubic In`ter*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Between the pubic bones or cartilages; as, the interpubic disk. Interpunction In`ter*punc"tion (?), n. [L. interpunctio, fr. interpungere, interppunctum, to interpoint. See Inter-, and Point.] The insertion of points between word or sentences; punctuation. Interradial In`ter*ra"di*al (?), a. Between the radii, or rays; -- in zo\'94logy, said of certain parts of radiate animals; as, the interradial plates of a starfish. Interramal In`ter*ra"mal (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. ramus a branch.] (Anat.) Between rami or branches; esp., between the mandibles, or rami of the lower jaw; intermandibular. Interreceive In`ter*re*ceive" (?), v. t. To receive between or within. Interregency In`ter*re"gen*cy (?), n. An interregnum. [Obs.] Blount. Interregent In`ter*re"gent (?), n. A person who discharges the royal functions during an interregnum. Holland. Interregnum In`ter*reg"num (?), n.; pl. Interregnums (#). [L., fr. inter between + regnum dominion, reign. See Reign, and cf. Interreign.] 1. The time during which a throne is vacant between the death or abdication of a sovereign and the accession of his successor. 2. Any period during which, for any cause, the executive branch of a government is suspended or interrupted. Interreign In"ter*reign` (?), n. [Cf. F. interr\'8agne.] An interregnum. [Obs.] Bacon. Interrelated In`ter*re*lat"ed (?), a. Having a mutual or reciprocal relation or parallelism; correlative. Interrelation In`ter*re*la"tion (?), n. Mutual or reciprocal relation; correlation. Interrenal In`ter*re"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the kidneys; as, the interrenal body, an organ found in many fishes. -- n. The interrenal body. Interrepellent In`ter*re*pel"lent (?), a. Mutually repellent. De Quincey. Interrer In*ter"rer (?), n. One who inters. Interrex In"ter*rex` (?), n.; pl. E. Interrexes (#), L. Interreges (#). [L., fr. inter between + rex king.] An interregent, or a regent. Interrogate In*ter"ro*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interrogating (?).] [L. interrogatus, p. p. of interrogare to ask; inter between + rogare to ask. See Rogation.] To question formally; to question; to examine by asking questions; as, to interrogate a witness. Wilt thou, uncalled, interrogate, Talker! the unreplying Fate? Emerson. Syn. -- To question; ask. See Question. Interrogate In*ter"ro*gate, v. i. To ask questions. Bacon. Interrogate In*ter"ro*gate (?), n. An interrogation; a question. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Interrogatee In*ter`ro*ga*tee" (?), n. One who is interrogated. Interrogation In*ter`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. interrogatio: cf. F. interrogation.] 1. The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions; inquiry. 2. A question put; an inquiry. 3. A point, mark, or sign, thus [?], indicating that the sentence with which it is connected is a question. It is used to express doubt, or to mark a query. Called also interrogation point.<-- usu. question mark. --> NOTE: &hand; In works printed in the Spanish language this mark is not only placed at the end of an interrogative sentence, but is also placed, inverted [as thus (&iques;)], at the beginning. Interrogative In`ter*rog"a*tive (, a. [L. interrogativus: cf. F. interrogatif.] Denoting a question; expressed in the form of a question; as, an interrogative sentence; an interrogative pronoun. Interrogative In`ter*rog"a*tive, n. (Gram.) A word used in asking questions; as, who? which? why? Interrogatively In`ter*rog"a*tive*ly, adv. In the form of, or by means of, a question; in an interrogative manner. Interrogator In*ter"ro*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. interrogateur.] One who asks questions; a questioner. Interrogatory In`ter*rog"a*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Interrogatories (#). [Cf. F. interrogatoire.] A formal question or inquiry; esp. (Law), a question asked in writing. Macaulay. Interrogatory In`ter*rog"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. interrogatorius.] Containing, expressing, or implying a question; as, an interrogatory sentence. Interrupt In`ter*rupt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interrupted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interrupting.] [L. interruptus, p. p. of interrumpere to interrupt; inter between + rumpere to break. See Rupture.] 1. To break into, or between; to stop, or hinder by breaking in upon the course or progress of; to interfere with the current or motion of; to cause a temporary cessation of; as, to interrupt the remarks speaking. Do not interrupt me in my course. Shak. 2. To divide; to separate; to break the monotony of; as, the evenness of the road was not interrupted by a single hill. Interrupt In`ter*rupt", p. a. [L. interruptus, p. p.] Broken; interrupted. [Obs.] Milton. Interrupted In`ter*rupt"ed, a. 1. Broken; intermitted; suddenly stopped. 2. (Bot.) Irregular; -- said of any arrangement whose symmetry is destroyed by local causes, as when leaflets are interposed among the leaves in a pinnate leaf. Interruptedly In`ter*rupt"ed*ly, adv. With breaks or interruptions; discontinuously. Interruptedly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate with small leaflets intermixed with large ones. Gray. Interrupter In`ter*rupt"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, interrupts. 2. (Elec.) A device for opening and closing an electrical circuit; a vibrating spring or tuning fork, arranged to make and break a circuit at rapidly recurring intervals, by the action of the current itself. Interruption In`ter*rup"tion (?), n. [L. interruptio: cf. F. interruption.] 1. The act of interrupting, or breaking in upon. 2. The state of being interrupted; a breach or break, caused by the abrupt intervention of something foreign; intervention; interposition. Sir M. Hale. Lest the interruption of time cause you to lose the idea of one part. Dryden. 3. Obstruction caused by breaking in upon course, current, progress, or motion; stop; hindrance; as, the author has met with many interruptions in the execution of his work; the speaker or the argument proceeds without interruption. 4. Temporary cessation; intermission; suspension. Interruptive In`ter*rupt"ive (?), a. Tending to interrupt; interrupting. "Interruptive forces." H. Bushnell. -- In`ter*rupt"ive*ly, adv. Interscapular In`ter*scap"u*lar (?), a. 1. (Anat.) Between the scapul\'91 or shoulder blades. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the upper back, or the part between the shoulders; as, the interscapular feathers. Interscapulars In`ter*scap"u*lars (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The interscapular feathers of a bird. Interscendent In`ter*scend"ent (?), a. [See Inter-, and Ascend.] (Math.) Having exponents which are radical quantities; -- said of certain powers; as, x&root;2, or x&root;a. Interscedent series, a series whose terms are interscendent quantities. Hutton. Interscind In`ter*scind" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interscinded; p. pr. & vb. n. Interscinding.] [L. interscindere; inter between + scindere to cut.] To cut off. [R.] Interscribe In`ter*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interscribing.] [L. interscribere; inter between + scribere to write.] To write between. [R.] Intersecant In`ter*se"cant (?), a. [L. intersecans, p. pr. of intersecare. See Intersect.] Dividing into parts; crossing; intersecting. Intersect In`ter*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intersected; p. pr. & vb. n. Intersecting.] [L. intersectus, p. p. of intersecare to intersect; inter + secare to cut. See Section.] To cut into or between; to cut or cross mutually; to divide into parts; as, any two diameters of a circle intersect each other at the center. Lands intersected by a narrow frith Abhor each other. Cowper. Intersect In`ter*sect" (?), v. i. To cut into one another; to meet and cross each other; as, the point where two lines intersect. Intersection In`ter*sec"tion (?), n. [L. intersectio: cf. F. intersection.] 1. The act, state, or place of intersecting. 2. (Geom.) The point or line in which one line or surface cuts another. Intersectional In`ter*sec"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or formed by, intersections. Interseminate In`ter*sem"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. interseminatus, p. p. of interseminare. See Inter-, and Seminate.] To sow between or among. [R.] Interseptal In`ter*sep"tal (?), a. (Biol.) Between septa; as, the interseptal spaces or zones, between the transparent, or septal, zones in striated muscle; the interseptal chambers of a shell, or of a seed vessel. Intersert In`ter*sert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Interserting.] [L. intersertus, p. p. of interserere to intersert; inter between + serere to join, weave.] To put in between other things; to insert. [Obs.] Brerewood. Interserttion In`ter*sert"tion (?), n. The act of interserting, or that which is interserted. [Obs.] Hammond. Intersesamoid In`ter*ses"a*moid (?), a. (Anat.) Between sesamoid bones; as, intersesamoid ligaments. Interset In`ter*set" (?), v. t. To set between or among. [R.] Intershock In`ter*shock (?), v. t. To shock mutually. [R.] Intersidereal In`ter*si*de"re*al (?), a. Between or among constellations or stars; interstellar. Intersocial In`ter*so"cial (?), a. Pertaining to the mutual intercourse or relations of persons in society; social. Intersomnious In`ter*som"ni*ous (?), a. [Pref. inter- + L. somnus sleep.] Between the times of sleeping; in an interval of wakefulness. [R.] Interspace In"ter*space` (?), n. [L. interspatium. See Inter-, and Space.] Intervening space. Bp. Hacket. Interspeech In"ter*speech` (?), n. A speech interposed between others. [R.] Blount. Intersperse In`ter*sperse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interspersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interspersing.] [L. interspersus interspersed; inter between, among + spargere to scatter. See Sparse.] 1. To scatter or set here and there among other things; to insert at intervals; as, to intersperse pictures in a book. There, interspersed in lawns and op'ning glades, Thin trees arise that shun each other's shades. Pope. 2. To diversify or adorn with things set or scattered at intervals; to place something at intervals in or among; as, to intersperse a book with pictures. Which space is interspersed with small islands and rock. Cook. Interspersion In`ter*sper"sion (?), n. The act of interspersing, or the state of being interspersed. Interspinal, Interspinous In`ter*spi"nal (?), In`ter*spi"nous (?), a. (Anat.) Between spines; esp., between the spinous processes of the vertebral column. Interspiration In`ter*spi*ra"tion (?), n. [L. interspiratio. See Inter-, and Spirit.] Spiritual inspiration at separate times, or at intervals. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Interstapedial In`ter*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, between the stapes and the mediostapedial. -- n. The interstapedial part of the columella. Interstate In"ter*state` (?), a. Pertaining to the mutual relations of States; existing between, or including, different States; as, interstate commerce. Story. <-- interstate commerce n. commerce that involves transportation of articles of commerce across state lines [U.S.]. interstate commerce commission. The governmental commision charged with making and enforcing regulations concerning interstate commerce. --> Interstellar In`ter*stel"lar (?), a. Between or among the stars; as, interstellar space. Bacon. Interstellary In`ter*stel"la*ry (?), a. Interstellar. Intersternal In`ter*ster"nal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Between the sternal; -- said of certain membranes or parts of insects and crustaceans. Interstice In*ter"stice (?; 277), n.; pl. Interstices (#). [L. interstitium a pause, interval; inter between + sistere to set, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. interstice. See Stand.] 1. That which intervenes between one thing and another; especially, a space between things closely set, or between the parts which compose a body; a narrow chink; a crack; a crevice; a hole; an interval; as, the interstices of a wall. 2. An interval of time; specifically (R. C. Ch.), in the plural, the intervals which the canon law requires between the reception of the various degrees of orders. Nonobservance of the interstices . . . is a sin. Addis & Arnold. Intersticed In*ter"sticed (?), a. Provided with interstices; having interstices between; situated at intervals. Interstinctive In`ter*stinc"tive (?), a. [L. interstinctus, p. p. of interstinguere to separate; inter + stinguere to extinguish.] Distinguishing. [Obs.] Wallis. Interstitial In`ter*sti"tial (?), a. Of or pertaining to interstices; intermediate; within the tissues; as, interstitial cavities or spaces in the tissues of animals or plants. Interstition In`ter*sti"tion (?), n. An intervening period of time; interval. [Obs.] Gower. Interstratification In`ter*strat`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Geol.) Stratification among or between other layers or strata; also, that which is interstratified. Interstratified In`ter*strat"i*fied (?), a. (Geol.) Stratified among or between other bodies; as, interstratified rocks. Interstratify In`ter*strat"i*fy (?), v. t. (Geol.) To put or insert between other strata. Intertalk In`ter*talk" (?), v. i. To converse. [Obs.] Carew. Intertangle In`ter*tan"gle (?), v. t. To entangle; to intertwine. "Moss and intertangled vines." Longfellow. Intertarsal In`ter*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Between the tarsal bones; as, the intertarsal articulations. Intertex In`ter*tex" (?), v. t. [L. intertexere; inter between + texere to weave.] To intertwine; to weave or bind together. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Intertexture In`ter*tex"ture (?; 135), n. The act of interweaving, or the state of being interwoven; that which is interwoven. "Knit in nice intertexture." Coleridge. Skirted thick with intertexture firm Of thorny boughs. Cowper. Interthoracic In`ter*tho*rac"ic (?), a. In the thorax. Intertie In"ter*tie` (?), n. (Arch.) In any framed work, a horizontal tie other than sill and plate or other principal ties, securing uprights to one another. Intertissued In`ter*tis"sued (?), a. Interwoven. [R.] Shak. Intertraffic In`ter*traf"fic (?), n. Mutual trade of traffic. Intertranspicuous In`ter*tran*spic"u*ous (?), a. Transpicuous within or between. [R.] Shelley. Intertransverse In`ter*trans*verse" (?), a. Between the transverse processes of the vertebr\'91. Intertrigo In`ter*tri"go (?), n. [L., fr. inter between + terere, tritum, to rub.] (Med.) A rubbing or chafing of the skin; especially, an abrasion or excoriation of the skin between folds, as in fat or neglected children. Intertrochanteric In`ter*tro`chan*ter"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Between the trochanters of the femur. Intertropical In`ter*trop"ic*al (?), a. Situated between or within the tropics. J. Morse. Intertubular In`ter*tu"bu*lar (?), a. Between tubes or tubules; as, intertubular cells; intertubular substance. Intertwine In`ter*twine" (?), v. t. To unite by twining one with another; to entangle; to interlace. Milton. Intertwine In`ter*twine", v. i. To be twined or twisted together; to become mutually involved or enfolded. Intertwine In`ter*twine" (?), n. The act intertwining, or the state of being intertwined. Coleridge. Intertwiningly In`ter*twin"ing*ly (?), adv. By intertwining or being intertwined. Intertwist In`ter*twist" (?), v. t. To twist together one with another; to intertwine. Intertwistingly In`ter*twist"ing*ly, adv. By intertwisting, or being intertwisted. Interungular, Interungulate In`ter*un"gu*lar (?), In`ter*un"gu*late (?), a. (Anat.) Between ungul\'91; as, interungular glands. _________________________________________________________________ Page 781 Interval In"ter*val (?), n. [L. intervallum; inter between + vallum a wall: cf. F. intervalle. See Wall.] 1. A space between things; a void space intervening between any two objects; as, an interval between two houses or hills. 'Twixt host and host but narrow space was left, A dreadful interval. Milton. 2. Space of time between any two points or events; as, the interval between the death of Charles I. of England, and the accession of Charles II. 3. A brief space of time between the recurrence of similar conditions or states; as, the interval between paroxysms of pain; intervals of sanity or delirium. 4. (Mus.) Difference in pitch between any two tones. At intervals, coming or happening with intervals between; now and then. "And Miriam watch'd and dozed at intervals." Tennyson. -- Augmented interval (Mus.), an interval increased by half a step or half a tone. Interval, Intervale In"ter*val (?), In"ter*vale (?), n. A tract of low ground between hills, or along the banks of a stream, usually alluvial land, enriched by the overflowings of the river, or by fertilizing deposits of earth from the adjacent hills. Cf. Bottom, n., 7. [Local, U. S.] The woody intervale just beyond the marshy land. The Century. Intervallum In`ter*val"lum (?), n.; pl. Intervallums (#), L. Intervalla (#). [L.] An interval. [R.] And a' shall laugh without intervallums. Shak. In one of these intervalla. Chillingworth. Intervary In`ter*va"ry (?), v. i. To alter or vary between; to change. [Obs.] Rush. Interveined In`ter*veined" (?), a. Intersected, as with veins. Intervene In`ter*vene" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intervened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intervening.] [L. intervenire, interventum, to intervene, to hinder; inter between + venire to come; akin to E. come: cf. F. intervenir. See Come.] 1. To come between, or to be between, persons or things; -- followed by between; as, the Mediterranean intervenes between Europe and Africa. 2. To occur, fall, or come between, points of time, or events; as, an instant intervened between the flash and the report; nothing intervened ( i. e., between the intention and the execution) to prevent the undertaking. 3. To interpose; as, to intervene to settle a quarrel. 4. In a suit to which one has not been made a party, to put forward a defense of one's interest in the subject matter. Abbott. Intervene In`ter*vene", v. t. To come between. [R.] Self-sown woodlands of birch, alder, etc., intervening the different estates. De Quincey. Intervene In`ter*vene" (?), n. A coming between; intervention; meeting. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. Intervener In`ter*ven"er (?), n. One who intervenes; especially (Law), a person who assumes a part in a suit between others. Intervenience, Interveniency In`ter*ven"ience (?), In`ter*ven"ien*cy (?), n. Intervention; interposition. [R.] Intervenient In`ter*ven"ient (?), a. [L. interveniens, p. pr. of intervenire.] Being or coming between; intercedent; interposed. [Obs.] Bacon. Intervent In`ter*vent" (?), v. t. [See Intervene.] To thwart; to obstruct. [Obs.] Chapman. Intervention In`ter*ven"tion (?), n. [L. interventio an interposition: cf. F. intervention.] 1. The act of intervening; interposition. Sound is shut out by the intervention of that lax membrane. Holder. 2. Any interference that may affect the interests of others; especially, of one or more states with the affairs of another; mediation. Let us decide our quarrels at home, without the intervention, of any foreign power. Sir W. Temple. 3. (Civil Law) The act by which a third person, to protect his own interest, interposes and becomes a party to a suit pending between other parties. Interventor In`ter*ven"tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. interventeur.] One who intervenes; a mediator; especially (Eccles. Hist.), a person designated by a church to reconcile parties, and unite them in the choice of officers. Coleman. Interventricular In`ter*ven*tric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between the ventricles; as, the interventricular partition of the heart. Intervenue In`ter*ven"ue (?), n. [See Intervene, Avenue.] Interposition. [Obs.] Sir H. Blount. Intervert In`ter*vert" (?), v. t. [L. intervertere; inter between + vertere to turn.] To turn to another course or use. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. Intervertebral In`ter*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Between vertebr\'91. -- In`ter*ver"te*bral*ly, adv. Interview In"ter*view (?), n. [F. entrevue, fr. entrevoir to see imperfectly, to have a glimpse of, s'entrevoir to visit each other. See Inter-, and View.] 1. A mutual sight or view; a meeting face to face; usually, a formal or official meeting for consultation; a conference; as, the secretary had an interview with the President. 2. A conservation, or questioning, for the purpose of eliciting information for publication; the published statement so elicited. NOTE: &hand; A recent use, originating in American newspapers, but apparently becoming general. Interview In"ter*view, v. t. To have an interview with; to question or converse with, especially for the purpose of obtaining information for publication. [Recent] Interviewer In"ter*view`er (?), n. One who interviews; especially, one who obtains an interview with another for the purpose of eliciting his opinions or obtaining information for publication. It would have made him the prince of interviewers in these days. Leslie Stephen. Interviewing In"ter*view`ing, n. The act or custom of holding an interview or interviews. An article on interviewing in the "Nation" of January 28, 1869, . . . was the first formal notice of the practice under that name. The American. Intervisible In`ter*vis"i*ble (?), a. (Surv.) Mutually visible, or in sight, the one from the other, as stations. Intervisit In`ter*vis"it (?), v. i. To exchange visits. [R.] Evelyn. Intervital In`ter*vi"tal (?), a. Between two lives. [R.] Through all its [the spirit's] intervital gloom. Tennyson. Intervolution In`ter*vo*lu"tion (?), n. The state of being intervolved or coiled up; a convolution; as, the intervolutions of a snake. Hawthorne. Intervolve In`ter*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intervolved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intervolving.] [Pref. inter- + L. volvere, volutum, to roll.] To involve one within another; to twist or coil together. Milton. Interweave In`ter*weave" (?), v. t. [imp. & obs. p. p. Interwove (?); p. p. Interwoven (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interweaving.] 1. To weave together; to intermix or unite in texture or construction; to intertwine; as, threads of silk and cotton interwoven. Under the hospitable covert nigh Of trees thick interwoven. Milton. 2. To intermingle; to unite intimately; to connect closely; as, to interweave truth with falsehood. Dryden. Words interwove with sighs found out their way. Milton. Interwish In`ter*wish" (?), v. t. To wish mutually in regarded to each other. [Obs.] Donne. Interworking In`ter*work"ing (?), n. The act of working in together; interweaving. Milton. Interworld In`ter*world" (?), n. A world between other worlds. Holland. Interwove, Interwoven In`ter*wove" (?), In`ter*wov"en (?), imp. & p. p. of Interweave. Interwreathe In`ter*wreathe" (?), v. t. To weave into a wreath; to intertwine. [R.] Lovelace. Intestable In*tes"ta*ble (?), a. [L. intestabilis: cf. F. intestable. See In- not, and Testable.] (Law) Not capable of making a will; not legally qualified or competent to make a testament. Blackstone. Intestacy In*tes"ta*cy (?), n. [From Intestate.] The state of being intestate, or of dying without having made a valid will. Blackstone. Intestate In*tes"tate (?), a. [L. intestatus; pref. in- not + testatus, p. p. of testari to make a will: cf. F. intestat. See Testament.] 1. Without having made a valid will; without a will; as, to die intestate. Blackstone. Airy succeeders of intestate joys. Shak. 2. Not devised or bequeathed; not disposed of by will; as, an intestate estate. Intestate In*tes"tate, n. (Law) A person who dies without making a valid will. Blackstone. Intestinal In*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. intestinal.] Of or pertaining to the intestines of an animal; as, the intestinal tube; intestinal digestion; intestinal ferments. Intestinal canal. Same as Intestine, n. -- Intestinal worm (Zo\'94l.), any species of helminth living in the intestinal canal of any animal. The species are numerous. Intestine In*tes"tine (?), a. [L. intestinus, fr. intus on the inside, within, fr. in in: cf. F. intestine. See In.] 1. Internal; inward; -- opposed to external. Epilepsies, fierce catarrhs, Intestine stone and ulcers. Milton. 2. Internal with regard to a state or country; domestic; not foreign; -- applied usually to that which is evil; as, intestine disorders, calamities, etc. Hoping here to end Intestine war in heaven, the arch foe subdued. Milton. An intestine struggle . . . between authority and liberty. Hume. 3. Depending upon the internal constitution of a body or entity; subjective. Everything labors under and intestine necessity. Cudworth. 4. Shut up; inclosed. [R.] Cowper. Intestine In*tes"tine, n.; pl. Intestines (#). [L. intestinum: cf. F. intestin. See Intestine, a.] 1. (Anat.) That part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. 2. pl. The bowels; entrails; viscera. Large intestine (Human Anat. & Med.), the lower portion of the bowel, terminating at the anus. It is adapted for the retention of fecal matter, being shorter, broader, and less convoluted than the small intestine; it consists of three parts, the c\'91cum, colon, and rectum. -- Small intestine (Human Anat. & Med.), the upper portion of the bowel, in which the process of digestion is practically completed. It is narrow and contorted, and consists of three parts, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Intext In"text (?), n. The text of a book. [R.] Herrick. Intextine In*tex"tine (?), n. [Infine + extine.] (Bot.) A thin membrane existing in the pollen grains of some plants, and situated between the extine and the intine, as in nothera. Intextured In*tex"tured (?; 135), a. Inwrought; woven in. Inthirst In*thirst" (?), v. t. To make thirsty. [Obs.] Inthrall In*thrall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inthralled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inthralling.] [Cf. Enthrall.] [Written also inthral, enthral, and enthrall.] To reduce to bondage or servitude; to make a thrall, slave, vassal, or captive of; to enslave. She soothes, but never can inthrall my mind. Prior. Inthrallment In*thrall"ment (?), n. [Written also inthralment, enthrallment.] Act of inthralling, or state of being inthralled; servitude; bondage; vassalage. Inthrone In*throne" (?), v. t. Same as Enthrone. Inthrong In*throng" (?; 115), v. i. To throng or collect together. [R.] Fairfax. Inthronization In*thron`i*za"tion (?), n. [LL. inthronizatio.] Enthronement. Bp. Warburton. Inthronize In*thron"ize (?), v. t. [LL. inthronisare, Gr. Enthrone.] To enthrone. Intice In*tice" (?), v. t. See Entice. Intimacy In"ti*ma*cy (?), n.; pl. Intimacies (#). [From Intimate.] The state of being intimate; close familiarity or association; nearness in friendship. Syn. -- Acquaintance; familiarity; fellowship; friendship. See Acquaintance. Intimate In"ti*mate (?), a. [Formerly intime, L. intimus, a superl. corresponding to the compar. interior cf. F. intime. The form intimate is due to confusion with intimate, v. t. See Interior.] 1. Innermost; inward; internal; deep-seated; hearty. "I knew from intimate impulse." Milton. 2. Near; close; direct; thorough; complete. He was honored with an intimate and immediate admission. South. 3. Close in friendship or acquaintance; familiar; confidential; as, an intimate friend. Syn. -- Familiar; near; friendly; confidential. Intimate In"ti*mate, n. An intimate friend or associate; a confidant. Gov. of the Tongue. Intimate In"ti*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intimating.] [L. intimatus, p. p. of intimare to put, bring, drive, or press into, to announce, make known, from intimus the inmost. See Intimate, a.] 1. To announce; to declare; to publish; to communicate; to make known. [Obs.] He, incontinent, did proclaim and intimate open war. E. Hall. So both conspiring 'gan to intimate Each other's grief. Spenser. 2. To suggest obscurely or indirectly; to refer to remotely; to give slight notice of; to hint; as, he intimated his intention of resigning his office. The names of simple ideas and substances, with the abstract ideas in the mind, intimate some real existence, from which was derived their original pattern. Locke. Intimately In"ti*mate*ly (?), adv. In an intimate manner. Intimation In`ti*ma"tion (?), n. [L. intimatio: cf. F. intimation.] 1. The act of intimating; also, the thing intimated. 2. Announcement; declaration. Macaulay. They made an edict with an intimation that whosoever killed a stork, should be banished. Holland. 3. A hint; an obscure or indirect suggestion or notice; a remote or ambiguous reference; as, he had given only intimations of his design. Without mentioning the king of England, or giving the least intimation that he was sent by him. Bp. Burnet. Intime In"time (?), a. [See Intimate, a.] Inward; internal; intimate. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. Intimidate In*tim"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intimidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intimidating (?).] [LL. intimidatus, p. p. of intimidare to frighten; pref. in- in + timidus fearful, timid: cf. F. intimider. See Timid.] To make timid or fearful; to inspire of affect with fear; to deter, as by threats; to dishearten; to abash. Now guilt, once harbored in the conscious breast, Intimidates the brave, degrades the great. Johnson. Syn. -- To dishearten; dispirit; abash; deter; frighten; terrify; daunt; cow. Intimidation In*tim`i*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. intimidation.] The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated; as, the voters were kept from the polls by intimidation. The king carried his measures in Parliament by intimidation. Paley. Intimidatory In*tim"i*da*to*ry (?), a. Tending or serving to intimidate. Intinction In*tinc"tion (?), n. [L. intinctio, fr. intingere to dip in; pref. in- in + tingere to tinge.] 1. The act of tingeing or dyeing. Blount. 2. (Eccl.) A method or practice of the administration of the sacrament by dipping the bread or wafer in the wine and administering both together. Intinctivity In`tinc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + L. tinctus, p. p. of tingere to tinge] The want of the quality of coloring or tingeing other bodies. Kirwan. Intine In"tine (?), n. [L. intus within. Cf. Extine.] (Bot.) A transparent, extensible membrane of extreme tenuity, which forms the innermost coating of grains of pollen. Intire, a., Intirely In*tire" (?), a., In*tire"ly, adv. See Entire, a., Entirely, adv. Intitle In*ti"tle (?), v. t. See Entitle. Intitule In*tit"ule (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intituled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intituling.] [Cf. F. intituler. See Entitle.] To entitle; to give a title to. Selden. Into In"to (?), prep. [In + to.] To the inside of; within. It is used in a variety of applications. 1. Expressing entrance, or a passing from the outside of a thing to its interior parts; -- following verbs expressing motion; as, come into the house; go into the church; one stream falls or runs into another; water enters into the fine vessels of plants. 2. Expressing penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to the inside, or contents; as, to look into a letter or book; to look into an apartment. 3. Indicating insertion; as, to infuse more spirit or animation into a composition. 4. Denoting inclusion; as, put these ideas into other words. 5. Indicating the passing of a thing from one form, condition, or state to another; as, compound substances may be resolved into others which are more simple; ice is convertible into water, and water into vapor; men are more easily drawn than forced into compliance; we may reduce many distinct substances into one mass; men are led by evidence into belief of truth, and are often enticed into the commission of crimes'into; she burst into tears; children are sometimes frightened into fits; all persons are liable to be seduced into error and folly. NOTE: Compare In. Intolerability In*tol`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being intolerable; intolerableness. [R.] Intolerable In*tol"er*a*ble (?), a. [F. intol\'82rable, L. intolerabilis. See In- not, and Tolerable.] 1. Not tolerable; not capable of being borne or endured; not proper or right to be allowed; insufferable; insupportable; unbearable; as, intolerable pain; intolerable heat or cold; an intolerable burden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 782 His insolence is more intolerable Than all the princes in the land beside. Shak. 4. Enormous. This intolerable deal of sack. Shak. -- In*tol"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*tol"er*a*bly, adv. Intolerance In*tol"er*ance (?), n. [L. intolerantia impatience, unendurableness: cf. F. intol\'82rance.] 1. Want of capacity to endure; as, intolerance of light. 2. The quality of being intolerant; refusal to allow to others the enjoyment of their opinions, chosen modes of worship, and the like; want of patience and forbearance; illiberality; bigotry; as, intolerance shown toward a religious sect. These few restrictions, I hope, are no great stretches of intolerance, no very violent exertions of despotism. Burke. Intolerancy In*tol"er*an*cy (?), n. Intolerance. Bailey. Intolerant In*tol"er*ant (?), a. [L. intolerans, -antis: cf. F. intol\'82rant. See In- not, and Tolerant.] 1. Not enduring; not able to endure. The powers of human bodies being limited and intolerant of excesses. Arbuthnot. 2. Not tolerating difference of opinion or sentiment, especially in religious matters; refusing to allow others the enjoyment of their opinions, rights, or worship; unjustly impatient of the opinion of those disagree with us; not tolerant; unforbearing; bigoted. Religion, harsh, intolerant, austere, Parent of manners like herself severe. Cowper. Intolerant In*tol"er*ant, n. An intolerant person; a bigot. Intolerantly In*tol"er*ant*ly, adv. In an intolerant manner. Intolerated In*tol"er*a`ted (?), a. Not tolerated. Intolerating In*tol"er*a`ting (?), a. Intolerant. [R.] Intoleration In*tol`er*a"tion (?), n. Intolerance; want of toleration; refusal to tolerate a difference of opinion. Intomb In*tomb" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intombing.] To place in a tomb; to bury; to entomb. See Entomb. Intombment In*tomb"ment (?), n. See Entombment. Intonate In"to*nate (?), v. i. [L. intonatus, p. p. of intonare to thunder, resound.] To thunder. [Obs.] Bailey. Intonate In"to*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intonating (?).] [See Intone.] 1. (Mus.) To sound the tones of the musical scale; to practice the sol-fa. 2. To modulate the voice in a musical, sonorous, and measured manner, as in reading the liturgy; to intone. Intonate In"to*nate, v. t. To utter in a musical or sonorous manner; to chant; as, to intonate the liturgy. Intonation In`to*na"tion (?), n. [See 1st Intonate.] A thundering; thunder. [Obs.] Bailey. Intonation In`to*na"tion, n. [Cf. F. intonation. See Intone.] (Mus.) (a) The act of sounding the tones of the musical scale. (b) Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise; as, her intonation was false. (c) Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating, or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest. See Intone, v. t. <-- 2. the manner of speaking, esp. the rise and fall of the pitch of the voice while speaking. --> Intone In*tone" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intoning.] [LL. intonare, intonatum; pref. in- in + L. tonus tone. See Tone and cf. Entune, Intonate.] To utter with a musical or prolonged note or tone; to chant; as, to intone the church service. Intone In*tone", v. i. To utter a prolonged tone or a deep, protracted sound; to speak or recite in a measured, sonorous manner; to intonate. Pope. Intorsion In*tor"sion (?), n. [L. intortio a curling, crisping: cf. F. intorsion. See Intort, and cf. Intortion.] 1. A winding, bending, or twisting. 2. (Bot.) The bending or twining of any part of a plant toward one side or the other, or in any direction from the vertical. Intort In*tort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intorting.] [L. intortus, p. p. of intoquere to twist; pref. in- in + torquere to twist.] To twist in and out; to twine; to wreathe; to wind; to wring. Pope. Intortion In*tor"tion (?), n. See Intorsion. Intoxicant In*tox"i*cant (?), n. That which intoxicates; an intoxicating agent; as, alcohol, opium, and laughing gas are intoxicants. Intoxicate In*tox"i*cate (?), a. [LL. intoxicatus, p. p. of intoxicare to drug or poison; pref. in- in + L. toxicum a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. Toxic.] 1. Intoxicated. 2. Overexcited, as with joy or grief. Alas, good mother, be not intoxicate for me; I am well enough. Chapman. Intoxicate In*tox"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intoxicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intoxicating.] 1. To poison; to drug. South. 2. To make drunk; to inebriate; to excite or to stupefy by strong drink or by a narcotic substance. With new wine inoxicated both. Milton. 3. To excite to a transport of enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness; to elate unduly or excessively. Intoxicated with the sound of those very bells. G. Eliot. They are not intoxicated by military success. Jowett (Thuc. ). Intoxicatedness In*tox"i*ca`ted*ness (?), n. The state of being intoxicated; intoxication; drunkenness. [R.] Intoxicating In*tox"i*ca`ting (?), a. Producing intoxication; as, intoxicating liquors. Intoxication In*tox`i*ca"tion (?), n. 1. (Med.) A poisoning, as by a spirituous or a narcotic substance. 2. The state of being intoxicated or drunk; inebriation; ebriety; drunkenness; the act of intoxicating or making drunk. 2. A high excitement of mind; an elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness. That secret intoxication of pleasure. Spectator.Syn. -- Drunkenness; inebriation; inebriety; ebriety; infatuation; delirium. See Drunkenness. Intra- In"tra- (?). [L. intra, prep., within, on the inside; akin to inter. See Inter-.] A prefix signifying in, within, interior; as, intraocular, within the eyeball; intramarginal. Intraaxillary In`tra*ax"il*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Situated below the point where a leaf joins the stem. Intracellular In`tra*cel"lu*lar (?), a. (Biol.) Within a cell; as, the intracellular movements seen in the pigment cells, the salivary cells, and in the protoplasm of some vegetable cells. Intracolic In`tra*col"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Within the colon; as, the intracolic valve. Intracranial In`tra*cra"ni*al (?), a. Within the cranium or skull. Sir W. Hamilton. Intractability In*tract`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being intractable; intractableness. Bp. Hurd. Intractable In*tract"a*ble (?), a. [L. intractabilis: cf. F. intraitable, formerly also intractable. See In- not, and Tractable.] Not tractable; not easily governed, managed, or directed; indisposed to be taught, disciplined, or tamed; violent; stubborn; obstinate; refractory; as, an intractable child. Syn. -- Stubborn; perverse; obstinate; refractory; cross; unmanageable; unruly; headstrong; violent; ungovernable; unteachable. -- In*tract"a*ble*ness, n. -- In*tract"a*bly, adv. Intractile In*tract"ile (?), a. Not tractile; incapable of being drawn out or extended. Bacon. Intrados In*tra"dos (?), n. [F., fr. L. intra within + F. dos the back, L. dorsum. Cf. Extrados.] (Arch.) The interior curve of an arch; esp., the inner or lower curved face of the whole body of voussoirs taken together. See Extrados. Intrafoliaceous In`tra*fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Growing immediately above, or in front of, a leaf; as, intrafoliaceous stipules. Intrafusion In`tra*fu"sion (?), n. [Pref. intra- + L. fundere, fusum, to pour.] The act of pouring into a vessel; specif. (Med.), the operation of introducing a substance into a blood vessel; as, intrafusion of blood. Intralobular In`tra*lob"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Within lobules; as, the intralobular branches of the hepatic veins. Intramarginal In`tra*mar"gin*al (?), a. Situated within the margin. Loudon. Intramercurial In`tra*mer*cu"ri*al (?), a. (Astron.) Between the planet Mercury and the sun; -- as, the hypothetical Vulcan is intramercurial. Intramolecular In`tra*mo*lec"u*lar (?), a. (Chem. & Physics) Between molecules; situated, or acting, between the molecules of bodies. Intramundane In`tra*mun"dane (?), a. Being within the material world; -- opposed to extramundane. Intramural In`tra*mu"ral (?), a. 1. Being within the walls, as of a city. 2. (Anat. & Med.) Being within the substance of the walls of an organ; as, intramural pregnancy. Intranquillity In`tran*quil"li*ty (?), n. Unquietness; restlessness. Sir W. Temple. Intranscalent In`trans*ca"lent (?), a. Impervious to heat; adiathermic. Intransgressible In`trans*gress"i*ble (?), a. [L. intragressibilis that can not be crossed. See In- not, and Transgress.] Incapable of being transgressed; not to be passes over or crossed. Holland. Intranssient In*trans"sient (?), a. Not transient; remaining; permanent. Killingbeck. Intransigent In*trans"i*gent (?), a. [F. intransigeant (cf. Sp. intransigente); pref. in- not + L. transigere to come to an agreement; trans across + agere to lead, act.] Refusing compromise; uncompromising; irreconcilable. Lond. Sat. Rev. Intransigentes In`trans"i*gen*tes (?), n. pl. [Sp.] (Spanish Politics) The extreme radicals; the party of the irreconcilables. Intransitive In*tran"si*tive (?), a. [L. intransitivus: cf. F. intransitif. See In- not, and Transitive.] 1. Not passing farther; kept; detained. [R.] And then it is for the image's sake and so far is intransitive; but whatever is paid more to the image is transitive and passes further. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Gram.) Not transitive; not passing over tas, an intransitive verb, e. g., the bird flies; the dog runs. NOTE: &hand; In transitive ve rbs ha ve no passive form. Some verbs which appear at first sight to be intransitive are in reality, or were originally, transitive verbs with a reflexive or other object omitted; as, he keeps (i. e., himself) aloof from danger. Intransitive verbs may take a noun of kindred signification for a cognate object; as, he died the death of a hero; he dreamed a dream. Some intransitive verbs, by the addition of a preposition, become transitive, and so admit of a passive voice; as, the man laughed at; he was laughed at by the man. Intransitively In*tran"si*tive*ly, adv. (Gram.) Without an object following; in the manner of an intransitive verb. In transitu In` tran"si*tu (?). [L.] (Law) In transit; during passage; as, goods in transitu. Intransmissible In`trans*mis"si*ble (?), a. Not capable of being transmitted. Intransmutability In`trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being intransmutable. Intransmutable In`trans*mut"a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being transmuted or changed into another substance. Intrant In"trant (?), a. [L. intrans, p. pr. of intrare to enter. See Enter.] Entering; penetrating. Intrant In"trant, n. One who enters; especially, a person entering upon some office or station. Hume. Intranuclear In`tra*nu"cle*ar (?), a. (Biol.) Within the nucleus of a cell; as. the intranuclear network of fibrils, seen in the first stages of karyokinesis. Intrap In*trap" (?), v. t. See Entrap. Spenser. Intraparietal In"tra*pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. Situated or occurring within an inclosure; shut off from public sight; private; secluded; retired. I have no Turkish proclivities, and I do not think that, after all, impaling is preferable as a mode of capital punishment to intraparietal hanging. Roll Intrapetiolar In`tra*pet"i*o*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Situated between the petiole and the stem; -- said of the pair of stipules at the base of a petiole when united by those margins next the petiole, thus seeming to form a single stipule between the petiole and the stem or branch; -- often confounded with interpetiolar, from which it differs essentially in meaning. Intraterritorial In`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. Within the territory or a territory. Intrathoracic In`tra*tho*rac"ic (?), a. Within the thora Intratropical In`tra*trop"ic*al (?), a. Within the tropics. Intrauterine In`tra*u"ter*ine (?), a. Within the uterus or womb; as, intrauterine hemorrhage. Intravalvular In`tra*valv"u*lar (?), a. Between valves. Intravenous In`tra*ve"nous (?), a. Within the veins. Intraventricular In`tra*ven*tric"u*lar (?), a. Within or between ventricles. Intreasure In*treas"ure (?; 135), v. t. To lay up, as in a treasury; to hoard. [Obs.] Shak. Intreat In*treat" (?), v. t. See Entreat. Spenser. Intreatable In*treat"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + treatable.] Not to be entreated; inexorable. Intreatance In*treat"ance (?), n. Entreaty. [Obs.] Holland. Intreatful In*treat"ful (?), a. Full of entreaty. [Obs.] Spenser. Intrench In*trench" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intrenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intrenching.] 1. To cut in; to furrow; to make trenches in or upon. It was this very sword intrenched it. Shak. His face Deep scars of thunder had intrenched. Milton. 2. To surround with a trench or with intrenchments, as in fortification; to fortify with a ditch and parapet; as, the army intrenched their camp, or intrenched itself. "In the suburbs close intrenched." Shak. Intrench In*trench", v. i. To invade; to encroach; to infringe or trespass; to enter on, and take possession of, that which belongs to another; -- usually followed by on or upon; as, the king was charged with intrenching on the rights of the nobles, and the nobles were accused of intrenching on the prerogative of the crown. We are not to intrench upon truth in any conversation, but least of all with children. Locke. Intrenchant In*trench"ant (?), a. [Pref. in- not + trenchant.] Not to be gashed or marked with furrows. [Obs.] As easy mayest thou the intrenchant air With thy keen sword impress, as make me bleed. Shak. Intrenchment In*trench"ment (?), n. [From Intrench.] 1. The act of intrenching or the state of being intrenched. 2. (Mil.) Any defensive work consisting of at least a trench or ditch and a parapet made from the earth thrown up in making such a ditch. On our side, we have thrown up intrenchments on Winter and Prospect Hills. Washington. 3. Any defense or protection. 4. An encroachment or infringement. The slight intrenchment upon individual freedom. Southey. Intrepid In*trep"id (?), a. [L. intrepidus: cf. F. intr\'82pide. See In- not, and Trepidation.] Not trembling or shaking with fear; fearless; bold; brave; undaunted; courageous; as, an intrepid soldier; intrepid spirit. Syn. -- Fearless; dauntless; resolute; brave; courageous; daring; valiant; heroic; doughty. Intrepidity In`tre*pid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. intr\'82pidit\'82.] The quality or state of being intrepid; fearless bravery; courage; resoluteness; valor. Sir Roger had acquitted himself of two or three sentences with a look of much business and great intrepidity. Addison. Syn. -- Courage; heroism; bravery; fortitude; gallantry; valor. See Courage, Heroism. Intrepidly In*trep"id*ly (?), adv. In an intrepid manner; courageously; resolutely. Intricable In"tri*ca*ble (?), a. [See Intricate.] Entangling. [Obs.] Shelton. Intricacy In"tri*ca*cy (?), n.; pl. Intricacies (#). [From Intricate.] The state or quality of being intricate or entangled; perplexity; involution; complication; complexity; that which is intricate or involved; as, the intricacy of a knot; the intricacy of accounts; the intricacy of a cause in controversy; the intricacy of a plot. Freed from intricacies, taught to live The easiest way. Milton. Intricate In"tri*cate (?), a. [L. intricatus, p. p. of intricare to entangle, perplex. Cf. Intrigue, Extricate.] Entangled; involved; perplexed; complicated; difficult to understand, follow, arrange, or adjust; as, intricate machinery, labyrinths, accounts, plots, etc. His style was fit to convey the most intricate business to the understanding with the utmost clearness. Addison. The nature of man is intricate. Burke. Syn. -- Intricate, Complex, Complicated. A thing is complex when it is made up of parts; it is complicated when those parts are so many, or so arranged, as to make it difficult to grasp them; it is intricate when it has numerous windings and confused involutions which it is hard to follow out. What is complex must be resolved into its parts; what is complicated must be drawn out and developed; what is intricate must be unraveled. Intricate In"tri*cate (?), v. t. To entangle; to involve; to make perplexing. [Obs.] It makes men troublesome, and intricates all wise discourses. Jer. Taylor. Intricately In"tri*cate*ly (?), adv. In an intricate manner. Intricateness In"tri*cate*ness, n. The state or quality of being intricate; intricacy. Intrication In`tri*ca"tion (?), n. Entanglement. [Obs.] Intrigante In`tri`gante" (?), n. [F.] A female intriguer. ______________________________________________________________ Page 783 Intrigue In*trigue" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intrigued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intriguing.] [F. intriguer, OF. intriquer, entriquer; cf. It. intrigare. See Intricate, Extricate.] 1. To form a plot or scheme; to contrive to accomplish a purpose by secret artifice. 2. To carry on a secret and illicit love or amour. Intrigue In*trigue", v. t. To fill with artifice and duplicity; to complicate; to embarrass. [Obs.] How doth it [sin] perplex and intrique the whole course of your lives! Dr. J. Scott. Intrigue In*trigue", n. [Cf. F. intrique. See Intrigue, v. i.] 1. Intricacy; complication. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. 2. A complicated plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem. Busy meddlers with intrigues of state. Pomfret. 3. The plot or romance; a complicated scheme of designs, actions, and events. Pope. 4. A secret and illicit love affair between two persons of different sexes; an amour; a liaison. The hero of a comedy is represented victorious in all his intrigues. Swift. Syn. -- Plot; scheme; conspiracy; machination. Intriguer In*trigu"er (?), n. One who intrigues. Intriguery In*trigu"er*y (?), n. Arts or practice of intrigue. Intriguingly In*trigu"ing*ly (?), adv. By means of, or in the manner of, intrigue. Intrinse In*trinse" (?), a. [See Intrinsic, and Intense.] Tightly drawn; or (perhaps) intricate. [Very rare] Like rats, oft bite the holy cords atwain, Which are too intrinse to unloose. Shak. Intrinsic In*trin"sic (?), a. [L. intrinsecus inward, on the inside; intra within + secus otherwise, beside; akin to E. second: cf. F. intrins\'8aque. See Inter-, Second, and cf. Extrinsic.] 1. Inward; internal; hence, true; genuine; real; essential; inherent; not merely apparent or accidental; -- opposed to extrinsic; as, the intrinsic value of gold or silver; the intrinsic merit of an action; the intrinsic worth or goodness of a person. He was better qualified than they to estimate justly the intrinsic value of Grecian philosophy and refinement. I. Taylor. 2. (Anat.) Included wholly within an organ or limb, as certain groups of muscles; -- opposed to extrinsic. Intrinsic energy of a body (Physics), the work it can do in virtue of its actual condition, without any supply of energy from without. -- Intrinsic equation of a curve (Geom.), the equation which expresses the relation which the length of a curve, measured from a given point of it, to a movable point, has to the angle which the tangent to the curve at the movable point makes with a fixed line. -- Intrinsic value. See the Note under Value, n.Syn. -- Inherent; innate; natural; real; genuine. Intrinsic In*trin"sic, n. A genuine quality. [Obs.] Warburton. Intrinsical In*trin"sic*al (?), a. [Formerly written intrinsecal.] 1. Intrinsic. 2. Intimate; closely familiar. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. Intrinsicality In*trin`si*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality of Intrinsically In*trin"sic*al*ly (?), adv. Internally; A lie is a thing absolutely and intrinsically evil. South. Intrinsicalness In*trin"sic*al*ness, n. The quality of being intrinsical; intrinsicality. Intrinsicate In*trin"si*cate (?), a. Intricate. [Obs.] Shak. Intro- In"tro- (?). [L. intro, adv., inwardly, within. See Inter-.] A prefix signifying within, into, in, inward; as, introduce, introreception, introthoracic. Introcession In`tro*ces"sion (?), n. [L. introcedere, introcessum, to go in; intro within + cedere to go.] (Med.) A depression, or inward sinking of parts. Introduce In`tro*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Introduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Introducing (?).] [L. introducere, introductum; intro within + ducere to lead. See Intro-, and Duke.] 1. To lead or bring in; to conduct or usher in; as, to introduce a person into a drawing-room. 2. To put (something into a place); to insert; as, to introduce the finger, or a probe. 3. To lead to and make known by formal announcement or recommendation; hence, to cause to be acquainted; as, to introduce strangers; to introduce one person to another. 4. To bring into notice, practice, cultivation, or use; as, to introduce a new fashion, method, or plant. 5. To produce; to cause to exist; to induce. [Obs.] Whosoever introduces habits in children, deserves the care and attention of their governors. Locke. 6. To open to notice; to begin; to present; as, he introduced the subject with a long preface. Syn. -- To bring in; usher in; insert; begin; preface. Introducement In`tro*duce"ment (?), n. Introduction. [Obs.] Introducer In`tro*du"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, introduces. Introduct In`tro*duct" (?), v. t. To introduce. [Obs.] Introduction In`tro*duc"tion (?), n. [L. introductio: cf. F. introduction. See Introduce.] 1. The act of introducing, or bringing to notice. 2. The act of formally making persons known to each other; a presentation or making known of one person to another by name; as, the introduction of one stranger to another. 3. That part of a book or discourse which introduces or leads the way to the main subject, or part; preliminary; matter; preface; proem; exordium. 4. A formal and elaborate preliminary treatise; specifically, a treatise introductory to other treatises, or to a course of study; a guide; as, an introduction to English literature. Introductive In`tro*duc"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. introductif.] Serving to introduce; introductory. -- In`tro*duc"tive*ly, adv. Introductor In`tro*duc"tor (?), n. [L.] An introducer. [Obs.] Introductorily In`tro*duc"to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of introduction. Introductory In`tro*duc"to*ry (?), a. [L. itroductorius: cf. F. introductoire.] Serving to introduce something else; leading to the main subject or business; preliminary; prefatory; as, introductory proceedings; an introductory discourse. Introductress In`tro*duc"tress (?), n. A female introducer. Introflexed In`tro*flexed" (?), a. Flexed or bent inward. Introgression In`tro*gres"sion (?), n. [L. introgressus, p. p. of introgredi to go in; intro- within + gradi to step, go.] The act of going in; entrance. Blount. Introit In*tro"it (?), n. [L. introitus, fr. introire to go into, to enter; intro within + ire to go: cf. F. introit.] 1. A going in. Caxton. 2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A psalm sung or chanted immediately before the collect, epistle, and gospel, and while the priest is entering within the rails of the altar. (b) A part of a psalm or other portion of Scripture read by the priest at Mass immediately after ascending to the altar. 3. (R. C. Ch.) An anthem or psalm sung before the Communion service. 4. Any composition of vocal music appropriate to the opening of church services. Intromission In`tro*mis"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. intromission. See Intromit.] 1. The act of sending in or of putting in; insertion. South. 2. The act of letting go in; admission. 3. (Scots Law) An intermeddling with the affairs of another, either on legal grounds or without authority. Intromit In`tro*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intromitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Intromitting.] [L. intromittere, intromissum; intro- within + mittere to send.] 1. To send in or put in; to insert or introduce. Greenhill. 2. To allow to pass in; to admit. Glass in the window intromits light, without cold. Holder. Intromit In`tro*mit", v. i. (Scots Law) To intermeddle with the effects or goods of another. Intromittent In`tro*mit"tent (?), a. [L. intromittens, p. pr.] 1. Throwing, or allowing to pass, into or within. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Used in copulation; -- said of the external reproductive organs of the males of many animals, and sometimes of those of the females. Intromitter In`tro*mit"ter (?), n. One who intromits. Intropression In`tro*pres"sion (?), n. Pressure acting within. [R.] Introreception In`tro*re*cep"tion (?), n. The act of admitting into or within. Hammond. Introrse In*trorse" (?), a. [L. introrsus inward, contr. from introversus. See Introvert.] (Bot.) Turning or facing inward, or toward the axis of the part to which it belongs. Gray. Introspect In`tro*spect" (?), v. t. [L. introspectus, p. p. introspicere to look into; intro within + specere to look. See Spy.] To look into or within; to view the inside of. Bailey. Introspection In`tro*spec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. introspection.] A view of the inside or interior; a looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states; self-consciousness; reflection. I was forced to make an introspection into my own mind. Dryden. Introspectionist In`tro*spec"tion*ist, n. (Metaph.) One given to the introspective method of examining the phenomena of the soul. Introspective In`tro*spec"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. introspectif.] 1. Inspecting within; seeing inwardly; capable of, or exercising, inspection; self-conscious. 2. Involving the act or results of conscious knowledge of physical phenomena; -- contrasted with associational. J. S. Mill. Introsume In`tro*sume" (?), v. t. [Pref. intro- + L. sumere to take.] To draw in; to swallow. [Obs.] Evelyn. Introsusception In`tro*sus*cep"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of receiving within. The person is corrupted by the introsusception of a nature which becomes evil thereby. Coleridge. 2. (Med.) Same as Intussusception. Introvenient In`tro*ven"ient (?), a. [L. introveniens, p. pr. of introvenire to come in; intro within + venire to come.] Coming in together; entering; commingling. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Introversion In`tro*ver"sion (?), n. [See Introvert.] The act of introverting, or the state of being introverted; the act of turning the mind inward. Berkeley. Introvert In`tro*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Introverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Introverting.] [Pref. intro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.] 1. To turn or bend inward. "Introverted toes." Cowper. 2. To look within; to introspect. Lew Wallace. Intrude In*trude" (?), v. i. [L. intrudere, intrusum; pref. in- in + trudere to thrust, akin to E. threat. See Threat.] To thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation, permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass; as, to intrude on families at unseasonable hours; to intrude on the lands of another. Thy wit wants edge And manners, to intrude where I am graced. Shak. Some thoughts rise and intrude upon us, while we shun them; others fly from us, when we would hold them. I. Watts. Intrude In*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Intruding.] 1. To thrust or force (something) in or upon; especially, to force (one's self) in without leave or welcome; as, to intrude one's presence into a conference; to intrude one's opinions upon another. 2. To enter by force; to invade. [Obs.] Why should the worm intrude the maiden bud? Shak. 3. (Geol.) The cause to enter or force a way, as into the crevices of rocks. Syn. -- To obtrude; encroach; infringe; intrench; trespass. See Obtrude. Intruded In*trud"ed (?), p. a. (Geol.) Same as Intrusive. Intruder In*trud"er (?), n. One who intrudes; one who thrusts himself in, or enters without right, or without leave or welcome; a trespasser. They were all strangers and intruders. Locke. Intrudress In*trud"ress (?), n. A female intruder. Intrunk In*trunk" (?), v. t. To inclose as in a trunk; to incase. [R.] Ford. Intrusion In*tru"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. intrusion. See Intrude.] 1. The act of intruding, or of forcing in; especially, the forcing (one's self) into a place without right or welcome; encroachment. Why this intrusion? Were not my orders that I should be private? Addison. 2. (Geol.) The penetrating of one rock, while in a plastic or metal state, into the cavities of another. 3. (Law) The entry of a stranger, after a particular estate or freehold is determined, before the person who holds in remainder or reversion has taken possession. 4. (Scotch Ch.) The settlement of a minister over 3 congregation without their consent. Intrusional In*tru"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to intrusion. Intrusionist In*tru"sion*ist, n. One who intrudes; especially, one who favors the appointment of a clergyman to a parish, by a patron, against the wishes of the parishioners. Intrusive In*tru"sive (?), a. Apt to intrude; characterized by intrusion; entering without right or welcome. Intrusive rocks (Geol.), rocks which have been forced, while in a plastic or melted state, into the cavities or between the cracks or layers of other rocks. The term is sometimes used as equivalent to plutonic rocks. It is then contrasted with effusive or volcanic rocks.<-- e.g. dikes, igneous rock injected into a fissure --> -- In*tru"sive*ly, adv. -- In*tru"sive*ness, n. Intrust In*trust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intrusted, p. pr. & vb. n. Intrusting.] To deliver (something) to another in trust; to deliver to (another) something in trust; to commit or surrender (something) to another with a certain confidence regarding his care, use, or disposal of it; as, to intrust a servant with one's money or intrust money or goods to a servant. Syn. -- To commit; consign; confide. See Commit. Intubation In`tu*ba"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + tube.] (Med.) The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in croup. Intuition In`tu*i"tion (?), n. [L. intuitus, p. p. of intueri to look on; in- in, on + tueri: cf. F. intuition. See Tuition.] 1. A looking after; a regard to. [Obs.] What, no reflection on a reward! He might have an intuition at it, as the encouragement, though not the cause, of his pains. Fuller. 2. Direct apprehension or cognition; immediate knowledge, as in perception or consciousness; -- distinguished from "mediate" knowledge, as in reasoning; as, the mind knows by intuition that black is not white, that a circle is not a square, that three are more than two, etc.; quick or ready insight or apprehension. Sagacity and a nameless something more, -- let us call it intuition. Hawthorne. 3. Any object or truth discerned by direct cognition; especially, a first or primary truth. Intuitional In`tu*i"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, intuition; characterized by intuition; perceived by intuition; intuitive. Intuitionalism In`tu*i"tion*al*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) The doctrine that the perception or recognition of primary truth is intuitive, or direct and immediate; -- opposed to sensationalism, and experientialism. Intuitionalist In`tu*i"tion*al*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of intuitionalism. Intuitionism In`tu*i"tion*ism (?), n. Same as Intuitionalism. Intuitionist In`tu*i"tion*ist, n. Same as Intuitionalist. Bain. Intuitive In*tu"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. intuitif.] 1. Seeing clearly; as, an intuitive view; intuitive vision. 2. Knowing, or perceiving, by intuition; capable of knowing without deduction or reasoning. Whence the soul Reason receives, and reason is her being, Discursive, or intuitive. Milton. 3. Received. reached, obtained, or perceived, by intuition; as, intuitive judgment or knowledge; -- opposed to deductive. Locke. Intuitively In*tu"i*tive*ly, adv. In an intuitive manner. Intuitivism In*tu"i*tiv*ism (?), n. The doctrine that the ideas of right and wrong are intuitive. J. Grote. Intumesce In`tu*mesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Intumesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intumescing (?).] [L. intumescere; pref. in- in + tumescere to swell up, incho. fr. tumere to swell. See Tumid.] To enlarge or expand with heat; to swell; specifically, to swell up or bubble up under the action of heat, as before the blowpipe. In a higher heat, it intumesces, and melts into a yellowish black mass. Kirwan. Intumescence In`tu*mes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. intumescence.] 1. The act or process of swelling or enlarging; also, the state of being swollen; expansion; tumidity; especially, the swelling up of bodies under the action of heat. The intumescence of nations. Johnson. 2. Anything swollen or enlarged, as a tumor. Intumescent In`tu*mes"cent (?), a. [L. intumescens, p. pr.] Swelling up; expanding. Intumulated In*tu"mu*la`ted (?), a. [L. intumulatus. See In- not, and Tumulate.] Unburied. [Obs.] Intune In*tune" (?), v. t. To intone. Cf. Entune. Inturbidate In*tur"bid*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inturbidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inturbidating.] [Pref. in- in + turbid.] To render turbid; to darken; to confuse. [R.] The confusion of ideas and conceptions under the same term painfully inturbidates his theology. Coleridge. Inturgescence In`tur*ges"cence (?), n. [L. inturgescens, p. pr. of inturgescere to swell up. See 1st In-, and Turgescent.] A swelling; the act of swelling, or state of being swelled. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. _________________________________________________________________ Page 784 Intuse In"tuse (?), n. [L. intundere to bruise; pref. in- in + tundere, tusum, to beat, bruise.] A bruise; a contusion. [Obs.] Spenser. Intussuscepted In`tus*sus*cep"ted (?), a. [See Intussusception.] Received into some other thing or part, as a sword into a sheath; invaginated. Intussusception In`tus*sus*cep"tion (?), n. [L. intus within + susception. Cf. Introsusception.] 1. The reception of one part within another. 2. (Med.) The abnormal reception or slipping of a part of a tube, by inversion and descent, within a contiguous part of it; specifically, the reception or slipping of the upper part of the small intestine into the lower; introsusception; invagination. Dunglison. 3. (Bot.) The interposition of new particles of formative material among those already existing, as in a cell wall, or in a starch grain. 4. (Physiol.) The act of taking foreign matter, as food, into a living body; the process of nutrition, by which dead matter is absorbed by the living organism, and ultimately converted into the organized substance of its various tissues and organs. Dead bodies increase by apposition; living bodies by intrussusception. McKendrick. Intwine In*twine" (?), v. t. [Cf. Entwine.] To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe; as, a wreath of flowers intwined. [Written also entwine.] Intwine In*twine", v. i. To be or to become intwined. Intwinement In*twine"ment (?), n. The act of twinning, or the state of being intwined. Intwist In*twist" (?), v. t. [Cf. Entwist.] To twist into or together; to interweave. [Written also entwist.] Inuendo In`u*en"do (?), n. See Innuendo. Inulin In"u*lin (?), n. [From NL. Inula Helenium, the elecampane: cf. F. inuline.] (Chem.) A substance of very wide occurrence. It is found dissolved in the sap of the roots and rhizomes of many composite and other plants, as Inula, Helianthus, Campanula, etc., and is extracted by solution as a tasteless, white, semicrystalline substance, resembling starch, with which it is isomeric. It is intermediate in nature between starch and sugar. Called also dahlin, helenin, alantin, etc.<-- also = alant starch. a polysaccharide found in Compositae [MI11]--> Inuloid In"u*loid (?), n. [Inulin + -oid.] (Chem.) A substance resembling inulin, found in the unripe bulbs of the dahila. Inumbrate In*um"brate (?), v. t. [L. inumbratus, p. p. of inumbrare to shade.] To shade; to darken. [Obs.] Inuncted In*unc"ted (?), a. [See Inunction.] Anointed. [Obs.] Cockeram. Inunction In*unc"tion (?), n. [L. inunctio, fr. inungere, inunctum, to anoint. See 1st In-, and Unction.] The act of anointing, or the state of being anointed; unction; specifically (Med.), the rubbing of ointments into the pores of the skin, by which medicinal agents contained in them, such as mercury, iodide of potash, etc., are absorbed. Inunctuosity In*unc`tu*os"i*ty (?; 135), n. The want of unctuosity; freedom from greasiness or oiliness; as, the inunctuosity of porcelain clay. Kirwan. Inundant In*un"dant (?), a. [L. inundans, p. pr. of inundare.] Overflowing. [R.] Shenstone. Inundate In*un"date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inundated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inundating.] [L. inundatus, p. p. of inundare to inundate; pref. in- in + undare to rise in waves, to overflow, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate.] 1. To cover with a flood; to overflow; to deluge; to flood; as, the river inundated the town. 2. To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; as, the country was inundated with bills of credit. Syn. -- To overflow; deluge; flood; overwhelm; submerge; drown. Inundation In`un*da"tion (?), n. [L. inundatio: cf. F. inondation.] 1. The act of inundating, or the state of being inundated; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds. With inundation wide the deluge reigns, Drowns the deep valleys, and o'erspreads the plains. Wilkie. 2. An overspreading of any kind; overflowing or superfluous abundance; a flood; a great influx; as, an inundation of tourists. To stop the inundation of her tears. Shak. Inunderstanding In*un`der*stand"ing (?), a. Void of understanding. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. Inurbane In`ur*bane" (?), a. [L. inurbanus. See In- not, and Urbane.] Uncivil; unpolished; rude. M. Arnold. -- In`ur*bane"ly, adv. -- In`ur*bane"ness, n. Inurbanity In`ur*ban"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inurbanit\'82.] Want of urbanity or courtesy; unpolished manners or deportment; inurbaneness; rudeness. Bp. Hall. Inure In*ure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inuring.] [From pref. in- in + ure use, work. See Ure use, practice, Opera, and cf. Manure.] To apply in use; to train; to discipline; to use or accustom till use gives little or no pain or inconvenience; to harden; to habituate; to practice habitually. "To inure our prompt obedience." Milton. He . . . did inure them to speak little. Sir T. North. Inured and exercised in learning. Robynson (More's Utopia). The poor, inured to drudgery and distress. Cowper. Inure In*ure", v. i. To pass into use; to take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the use or benefit of; as, a gift of lands inures to the heirs. [Written also enure.] Inurement In*ure"ment (?), n. Use; practice; discipline; habit; custom. Inurn In*urn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inurned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inurning.] To put in an urn, as the ashes of the dead; hence, to bury; to intomb. The sepulcher Wherein we saw thee quietly inurned. Shak. Inusitate In*u"si*tate (?), a. [L. inunsitatus unusual. See Use.] Unusual. [R.] Bramhall. Inusitation In*u"si*ta"tion (?), n. Want of use; disuse. [R.] Paley. Inust In*ust" (?), a. [L. inurere, inustum, to burn in; pref. in- in + urere to burn.] Burnt in. [Obs.] Inustion In*us"tion (?), n. The act of burning or branding. [Obs.] T. Adams. Inutile In*u"tile (?), a. [L. inutilis: cf. F. inutile. See In- not, Utile.] Useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] Bacon. Inutility In`u*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. inutilitas: cf. F. inutilit\'82.] Uselessness; the quality of being unprofitable; unprofitableness; as, the inutility of vain speculations and visionary projects. Inutterable In*ut"ter*a*ble (?), a. Unutterable; inexpressible. Milton. In vacuo In` vac"u*o (?). [L.] (Physics) In a vacuum; in empty space; as, experiments in vacuo. Invade In*vade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Invading.] [L. invadere, invasum; pref. in- in + vadere to go, akin to E. wade: cf. OF. invader, F. envahir. See Wade.] 1. To go into or upon; to pass within the confines of; to enter; -- used of forcible or rude ingress. [Obs.] Which becomes a body, and doth then invade The state of life, out of the grisly shade. Spenser. 2. To enter with hostile intentions; to enter with a view to conquest or plunder; to make an irruption into; to attack; as, the Romans invaded Great Britain. Such an enemy Is risen to invade us. Milton. 3. To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate; as, the king invaded the rights of the people. 4. To grow or spread over; to affect injuriously and progressively; as, gangrene invades healthy tissue. Syn. -- To attack; assail; encroach upon. See Attack. Invade In*vade", v. i. To make an invasion. Brougham. Invader In*vad"er (?), n. One who invades; an assailant; an encroacher; an intruder. Invaginate In*vag"i*nate (?), v. t. To insert as in a sheath; to pr Invaginate, Invaginated In*vag"i*nate (?), In*vag"i*na`ted (?), a. (Biol.) (a) Sheathed. (b) Having one portion of a hollow organ drawn back within another portion. Invagination In*vag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. pref. in- + vagina sheath.] 1. (Biol.) The condition of an invaginated organ or part. 2. (Biol.) One of the methods by which the various germinal layers of the ovum are differentiated. NOTE: &hand; In embolic invagination, one half of the blastosphere is pushed in towards the other half, producing an embryonic form known as a gastrula. -- In epibolic invagination, a phenomenon in the development of some invertebrate ova, the epiblast appears to grow over or around the hypoblast. Invalescence In`va*les"cence (?), n. [L. invalescens, p. pr. of invalescere to become strong. See 1st In-, and Convalesce.] Strength; health. [Obs.] Invaletudinary In*val`e*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Wanting health; valetudinary. [R.] Invalid In*val"id (?), a. [Pref. in- not + valid: cf. F. invalide, L. invalidus infirm, weak. Cf. Invalid infirm.] 1. Of no force, weight, or cogency; not valid; weak. 2. (Law) Having no force, effect, or efficacy; void; null; as, an invalid contract or agreement. Invalid In"va*lid (?; 277), n. [F. invalide, n. & a., L. invalidus, a. See Invalid null.] A person who is weak and infirm; one who is disabled for active service; especially, one in chronic ill health. Invalid In"va*lid (?), a. [See Invalid, n.] Not well; feeble; infirm; sickly; as, he had an invalid daughter. Invalid In"va*lid, v. t. 1. To make or render invalid or infirm. "Invalided, bent, and almost blind." Dickens. 2. To classify or enroll as an invalid. Peace coming, he was invalided on half pay. Carlyle. Invalidate In*val"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invalidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invalidating.] [From Invalid null.] To render invalid; to weaken or lessen the force of; to destroy the authority of; to render of no force or effect; to overthrow; as, to invalidate an agreement or argument. Invalidation In*val`i*da"tion (?), n. The act of inavlidating, or the state of being invalidated. So many invalidations of their right. Burke. Invalide In`va*lide" (?), n. [F.] See Invalid, n. Invalidism In"va*lid*ism (?), n. The condition of an invalid; sickness; infirmity. Invalidity In`va*lid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invalidit\'82, LL. invaliditas want of health.] 1. Want of validity or cogency; want of legal force or efficacy; invalidness; as, the invalidity of an agreement or of a will. 2. Want of health; infirmity. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple. Invalidness In*val"id*ness (?), n. Invalidity; as, the invalidness of reasoning. Invalorous In*val"or*ous (?), a. Not valorous; cowardly. Invaluable In*val"u*a*ble (?), a. Valuable beyond estimation; inestimable; priceless; precious. Invaluably In*val"u*a*bly, adv. Inestimably. Bp. Hall. Invalued In*val"ued (?), a. Inestimable. [R.] Drayton. Invariability In*va`ri*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invariabilit\'82.] The quality of being invariable; invariableness; constancy; uniformity. Invariable In*va"ri*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + variable: cf. F. invariable.] Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform. Physical laws which are invariable. I. Taylor. -- In*va"ri*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*va"ri*a*bly, adv. Invariable In*va"ri*a*ble (?), n. (Math.) An invariable quantity; a constant. Invariance In*va"ri*ance (?), n. (Math.) The property of remaining invariable under prescribed or implied conditions. J. J. Sylvester. Invariant In*va"ri*ant (?), n. (Math.) An invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when these undergo suitable linear transformations. J. J. Sylvester. Invasion In*va"sion (?), n. [L. invasio: cf. F. invasion. See Invade.] 1. The act of invading; the act of encroaching upon the rights or possessions of another; encroachment; trespass. 2. A warlike or hostile entrance into the possessions or domains of another; the incursion of an army for conquest or plunder. 3. The incoming or first attack of anything hurtful or pernicious; as, the invasion of a disease. Syn. -- Invasion, Irruption, Inroad. Invasion is the generic term, denoting a forcible entrance into a foreign country. Incursion signifies a hasty and sudden invasion. Irruption denotes particularly violent invasion. Inroad is entry by some unusual way involving trespass and injury. Invasive In*va"sive (?), a. [LL. invasivus: cf. F. invasif. See Invade.] Tending to invade; characterized by invasion; aggressive. "Invasive war." Hoole. Invect In*vect" (?), v. i. To inveigh. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Invected In*vec"ted (?), a. [L. invectus carried in. See Inveigh.] (Her.) Having a border or outline composed of semicircles with the convexity outward; -- the opposite of engrailed. Invection In*vec"tion (?), n. [L. invectio. See Inveigh.] An inveighing against; invective. [Obs.] Fulke. Invective In*vec"tive (?), a. [L. invectivus: cf. F. invectif. See Inveigh.] Characterized by invection; critical; denunciatory; satirical; abusive; railing. Invective In*vec"tive, n. [F. invective.] An expression which inveighs or rails against a person; a severe or violent censure or reproach; something uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another; a harsh or reproachful accusation; -- followed by against, having reference to the person or thing affected; as an invective against tyranny. The world will be able to judge of his [Junius'] motives for writing such famous invectives. Sir W. Draper. Syn. -- Abuse; censure; reproach; satire; sarcasm; railing; diatribe. See Abuse. Invectively In*vec"tive*ly, adv. In an invective manner. Shak. Inveigh In*veigh" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inveighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inveighing.] [L. invehere, invectum, to carry or bring into or against, to attack with words, to inveigh; pref. in- in + vehere to carry. See Vehicle, and cf. Invective.] To declaim or rail (against some person or thing); to utter censorious and bitter language; to attack with harsh criticism or reproach, either spoken or written; to use invectives; -- with against; as, to inveigh against character, conduct, manners, customs, morals, a law, an abuse. All men inveighed against him; all men, except court vassals, opposed him. Milton. The artificial life against which we inveighed. Hawthorne. Inveigher In*veigh"er (?), n. One who inveighs. Inveigle In*vei"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inveigled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inveigling (?).] [Prob. fr. F. aveugler to blind, to delude, OF. aveugler, avugler, avegler, fr. F. aveugle blind, OF. aveugle, avugle, properly, without eyes, fr. L. ab + oculus eye. The pref. in- seems to have been substituted for a- taken as the pref. F. \'85, L. ad. See Ocular.] To lead astray as if blind; to persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flattery; to entice; to insnare; to seduce; to wheedle. Yet have they many baits and guileful spells To inveigle and invite the un unwary sense. Milton. Inveiglement In*vei"gle*ment (?), n. The act of inveigling, or the state of being inveigled; that which inveigles; enticement; seduction. South. Inveigler In*vei"gler (?), n. One who inveigles. Inveil In*veil" (?), v. t. To cover, as with a vail. W. Browne. Invendibility In*vend`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being invendible; invendibleness; unsalableness. Invendible In*vend"i*ble (?), a. [L. invendibilis. See In- not, and Vendible.] Not vendible or salable. Jefferson. -- In*vend"i*ble*ness, n. Invenom In*ven"om (?), v. t. See Envenom. Invent In*vent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invented; p. pr. & vb. n. Inventing.] [L. inventus, p. p. of invenire to come upon, to find, invent; pref. in- in + venire to come, akin to E. come: cf. F. inventer. See Come.] 1. To come or light upon; to meet; to find. [Obs.] And vowed never to return again, Till him alive or dead she did invent. Spenser. 2. To discover, as by study or inquiry; to find out; to devise; to contrive or produce for the first time; -- applied commonly to the discovery of some serviceable mode, instrument, or machine. Thus first Necessity invented stools. Cowper. 3. To frame by the imagination; to fabricate mentally; to forge; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to invent the machinery of a poem; to invent a falsehood. Whate'er his cruel malice could invent. Milton. He had invented some circumstances, and put the worst possible construction on others. Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- To discover; contrive; devise; frame; design; fabricate; concoct; elaborate. See Discover. Inventer In*vent"er (?), n. One who invents. Inventful In*vent"ful (?), a. Full of invention. J. Gifford. Inventible In*vent"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being invented. Inventibleness In*vent"i*ble*ness, n. Quality of being inventible. Invention In*ven"tion (?), n. [L. inventio: cf. F. invention. See Invent.] 1. The act of finding out or inventing; contrivance or construction of that which has not before existed; as, the invention of logarithms; the invention of the art of printing. _________________________________________________________________ Page 785 As the search of it [truth] is the duty, so the invention will be the happiness of man. Tatham. 2. That which is invented; an original contrivance or construction; a device; as, this fable was the invention of Esop; that falsehood was her own invention. We entered by the drawbridge, which has an invention to let one fall if not premonished. Evelyn. 3. Thought; idea. Shak. 4. A fabrication to deceive; a fiction; a forgery; a falsehood. Filling their hearers With strange invention. Shak. 5. The faculty of inventing; imaginative faculty; skill or ingenuity in contriving anything new; as, a man of invention. They lay no less than a want of invention to his charge; a capital crime, . . . for a poet is a maker. Dryden. 6. (Fine Arts, Rhet., etc.) The exercise of the imagination in selecting and treating a theme, or more commonly in contriving the arrangement of a piece, or the method of presenting its parts. Invention of the cross (Eccl.), a festival celebrated May 3d, in honor of the finding of our Savior's cross by St. Helena. Inventious In*ven"tious (?), a. Inventive. [Obs.] Inventive In*vent"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. inventif.] Able and apt to invent; quick at contrivance; ready at expedients; as, an inventive head or genius. Dryden. -- In*vent"ive*ly, adv. -- In*vent"ive*ness, n. Inventor In*vent"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. inventeur.] One who invents or finds out something new; a contriver; especially, one who invents mechanical devices. Inventorial In`ven*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an inventory. -- In`ven*to"ri*al*ly, adv. Shak. Inventory In"ven*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Inventories (#). [L. inventarium: cf. LL. inventorium, F. inventaire, OF. also inventoire. See Invent.] An account, catalogue, or schedule, made by an executor or administrator, of all the goods and chattels, and sometimes of the real estate, of a deceased person; a list of the property of which a person or estate is found to be possessed; hence, an itemized list of goods or valuables, with their estimated worth; specifically, the annual account of stock taken in any business. There take an inventory of all I have. Shak. Syn. -- List; register; schedule; catalogue. See List. Inventory In"ven*to*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inventoried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inventorying.] [Cf. F. inventorier.] To make an inventory of; to make a list, catalogue, or schedule of; to insert or register in an account of goods; as, a merchant inventories his stock. I will give out divers schedules of my beauty; it shall be inventoried, and every particle and utensil labeled. Shak. Inventress In*vent"ress (?), n. [Cf. L. inventrix, F. inventrice.] A woman who invents. Dryden. Inveracity In`ve*rac"i*ty (?), n. Want of veracity. Inverisimilitude In*ver`i*si*mil"i*tude (?), n. Want of verisimilitude or likelihood; improbability. Inverse In*verse" (?), a. [L. inversus, p. p. of invertere: cf. F. inverse. See Invert.] 1. Opposite in order, relation, or effect; reversed; inverted; reciprocal; -- opposed to direct. 2. (Bot.) Inverted; having a position or mode of attachment the reverse of that which is usual. 3. (Math.) Opposite in nature and effect; -- said with reference to any two operations, which, when both are performed in succession upon any quantity, reproduce that quantity; as, multiplication is the inverse operation to division. The symbol of an inverse operation is the symbol of the direct operation with -1 as an index. Thus sin-1 x means the arc whose sine is x. Inverse figures (Geom.), two figures, such that each point of either figure is inverse to a corresponding point in the order figure. -- Inverse points (Geom.), two points lying on a line drawn from the center of a fixed circle or sphere, and so related that the product of their distances from the center of the circle or sphere is equal to the square of the radius. -- Inverse, OR Reciprocal, ratio (Math.), the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities. -- Inverse, OR Reciprocal, proportion, an equality between a direct ratio and a reciprocal ratio; thus, 4 : 2 : : : , or 4 : 2 : : 3 : 6, inversely. Inverse In"verse, n. That which is inverse. Thus the course of human study is the inverse of the course of things in nature. Tatham. Inversely In*verse"ly (?), adv. In an inverse order or manner; by inversion; -- opposed to directly. Inversely proportional. See Directly proportional, under Directly, and Inversion, 4. Inversion In*ver"sion (?), n. [L. inversio: cf. F. inversion. See Invert.] 1. The act of inverting, or turning over or backward, or the state of being inverted. 2. A change by inverted order; a reversed position or arrangement of things; transposition. It is just the inversion of an act of Parliament; your lordship first signed it, and then it was passed among the Lords and Commons. Dryden. 3. (Mil.) A movement in tactics by which the order of companies in line is inverted, the right being on the left, the left on the right, and so on. 4. (Math.) A change in the order of the terms of a proportion, so that the second takes the place of the first, and the fourth of the third. 5. (Geom.) A peculiar method of transformation, in which a figure is replaced by its inverse figure. Propositions that are true for the original figure thus furnish new propositions that are true in the inverse figure. See Inverse figures, under Inverse. 6. (Gram.) A change of the usual order of words or phrases; as, "of all vices, impurity is one of the most detestable," instead of, "impurity is one of the most detestable of all vices." 7. (Rhet.) A method of reasoning in which the orator shows that arguments advanced by his adversary in opposition to him are really favorable to his cause. 8. (Mus.) (a) Said of intervals, when the lower tone is placed an octave higher, so that fifths become fourths, thirds sixths, etc. (b) Said of a chord, when one of its notes, other than its root, is made the bass. (c) Said of a subject, or phrase, when the intervals of which it consists are repeated in the contrary direction, rising instead of falling, or vice versa. (d) Said of double counterpoint, when an upper and a lower part change places. 9. (Geol.) The folding back of strata upon themselves, as by upheaval, in such a manner that the order of succession appears to be reversed. 10. (Chem.) The act or process by which cane sugar (sucrose), under the action of heat and acids or ferments (as diastase), is broken or split up into grape sugar (dextrose), and fruit sugar (levulose); also, less properly, the process by which starch is converted into grape sugar (dextrose). NOTE: &hand; Th e te rms in vert an d inversion, in this sense, owe their meaning to the fact that the plane of polarization of light, which is rotated to the right by cane sugar, is turned toward the left by levulose. Invert In*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inverting.] [L. invertere, inversum; pref. in- in + vertere to turn. See Verse.] 1. To turn over; to put upside down; to upset; to place in a contrary order or direction; to reverse; as, to invert a cup, the order of words, rules of justice, etc. That doth invert the attest of eyes and ears, As if these organs had deceptious functions. Shak. Such reasoning falls like an inverted cone, Wanting its proper base to stand upon. Cowper. 2. (Mus.) To change the position of; -- said of tones which form a chord, or parts which compose harmony. 3. To divert; to convert to a wrong use. [Obs.] Knolles. 4. (Chem.) To convert; to reverse; to decompose by, or subject to, inversion. See Inversion, n., 10. Invert In*vert", v. i. (Chem.) To undergo inversion, as sugar. Invert In"vert (?), a. (Chem.) Subjected to the process of inversion; inverted; converted; as, invert sugar. Invert sugar (Chem.), a variety of sugar, consisting of a mixture of dextrose and levulose, found naturally in fruits, and produced artificially by the inversion of cane sugar (sucrose); also, less properly, the grape sugar or dextrose obtained from starch. See Inversion, Dextrose, Levulose, and Sugar. Invert In"vert, n. (Masonry) An inverted arch. Invertebral In*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Invertebrate. Invertebrata In*ver`te*bra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. in- not + vertebratus vertebrate.] (Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of the animal kingdom, including all except the Vertebrata. Invertebrate In*ver"te*brate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Destitute of a backbone; having no vertebr\'91; of or pertaining to the Invertebrata. -- n. One of the Invertebrata. Age of invertebrates. See Age, and Silurian. Invertebrated In*ver"te*bra`ted (?), a. Having no backbone; invertebrate. Inverted In*vert"ed (?), a. 1. Changed to a contrary or counterchanged order; reversed; characterized by inversion. 2. (Geol.) Situated apparently in reverse order, as strata when folded back upon themselves by upheaval. Inverted arch (Arch.), an arch placed with crown downward; -- much used in foundations. Invertedly In*vert"ed*ly, adv. In an inverted order. Derham. Invertible In*vert"i*ble (?), a. [From Invert.] 1. Capable of being inverted or turned. 2. (Chem.) Capable of being changed or converted; as, invertible sugar. Invertible In*vert"i*ble, a. [Pref. in- not + L. vertere to turn + -ible.] Incapable of being turned or changed. An indurate and invertible conscience. Cranmer. Invertin In*vert"in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized ferment which causes cane sugar to take up a molecule of water and be converted into invert sugar. Invest In*vest" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invested; p. pr. & vb. n. Investing.] [L. investire, investitum; pref. in- in + vestire to clothe, fr. vestis clothing: cf. F. investir. See Vest.] 1. To put garments on; to clothe; to dress; to array; -- opposed to divest. Usually followed by with, sometimes by in; as, to invest one with a robe. 2. To put on. [Obs.] Can not find one this girdle to invest. Spenser. 3. To clothe, as with office or authority; to place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate; to endow; to adorn; to grace; to bedeck; as, to invest with honor or glory; to invest with an estate. I do invest you jointly with my power. Shak. 4. To surround, accompany, or attend. Awe such as must always invest the spectacle of the guilt. Hawthorne. 5. To confer; to give. [R.] It investeth a right of government. Bacon. 6. (Mil.) To inclose; to surround of hem in with troops, so as to intercept succors of men and provisions and prevent escape; to lay siege to; as, to invest a town. 7. To lay out (money or capital) in business with the as, to invest money in bank stock. Invest In*vest" (?), v. i. To make an investment; as, to invest in stocks; -- usually followed by in. Investient In*vest"ient (?), a. [L. investiens, p. pr. of investire.] Covering; clothing. [R.] Woodward. Investigable In*ves"ti*ga*ble (?), a. [L. investigabilis. See Investigate.] Capable or susceptible of being investigated; admitting research. Hooker. Investigable In*ves"ti*ga*ble, a. [L. investigabilis. See In- not, and Vestigate.] Unsearchable; inscrutable. [Obs.] So unsearchable the judgment and so investigable the ways thereof. Bale. Investigate In*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Investigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Investigating.] [L. investigatus, p. p. of investigare to investigate; pref. in- in + vestigare to track, trace. See Vestige.] To follow up step by step by patient inquiry or observation; to trace or track mentally; to search into; to inquire and examine into with care and accuracy; to find out by careful inquisition; as, to investigate the causes of natural phenomena. Investigate In*ves"ti*gate, v. i. To pursue a course of investigation and study; to make investigation. Investigation In*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. investigatio: cf. F. investigation.] The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research; study; inquiry, esp. patient or thorough inquiry or examination; as, the investigations of the philosopher and the mathematician; the investigations of the judge, the moralist. Investigative In*ves"ti*ga*tive (?), a. Given to investigation; inquisitive; curious; searching. Investigator In*ves"ti*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. investigateur.] One who searches diligently into a subject. Investiture In*ves"ti*ture (?; 135), n. [LL. investitura: cf. F. investiture.] 1. The act or ceremony of investing, or the of being invested, as with an office; a giving possession; also, the right of so investing. He had refused to yield up to the pope the investiture of bishops. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. (Feudal Law) Livery of seizin. The grant of land or a feud was perfected by the ceremony oinvestiture, or open delivery of possession. Blackstone. 3. That with which anyone is invested or clothed; investment; clothing; covering. While we yet have on Our gross investiture of mortal weeds. Trench. Investive In*vest"ive (?), a. Investing. [R.] Mir. for Mag. Investment In*vest"ment (?), n. 1. The act of investing, or the state of being invested. 2. That with which anyone is invested; a vestment. Whose white investments figure innocence. Shak. 3. (Mil.) The act of surrounding, blocking up, or besieging by an armed force, or the state of being so surrounded. The capitulation was signed by the commander of the fort within six days after its investments. Marshall. 4. The laying out of money in the purchase of some species of property; the amount of money invested, or that in which money is invested. Before the investment could be made, a change of the market might render it ineligible. A. Hamilton. An investment in ink, paper, and steel pens. Hawthorne. Investor In*vest"or (?), n. One who invests. Investure In*ves"ture (?; 135), n. Investiture; investment. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet. Investure In*ves"ture, v. t. To clothe; to invest; to install. [Obs.] "Monks . . . investured in their copes." Fuller. Inveteracy In*vet"er*a*cy (?), n. [From Inveterate.] 1. Firm establishment by long continuance; firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or state acquired by time; as, the inveteracy of custom, habit, or disease; -- usually in a bad sense; as, the inveteracy of prejudice or of error. An inveteracy of evil habits that will prompt him to contract more. A. Tucker. 2. Malignity; spitefulness; virulency. The rancor of pamphlets, the inveteracy of epigrams, an the mortification of lampoons. Guardian. Inveterate In*vet"er*ate (?), a. [L. inveteratus, p. p. of inveterare to render old; pref. in- in + vetus, veteris, old. See Veteran.] 1. Old; long-established. [Obs.] It is an inveterate and received opinion. Bacon. 2. Firmly established by long continuance; obstinate; deep-rooted; of long standing; as, an inveterate disease; an inveterate abuse. Heal the inveterate canker of one wound. Shak. 3. Having habits fixed by long continuance; confirmed; habitual; as, an inveterate idler or smoker. 4. Malignant; virulent; spiteful. H. Brooke. Inveterate In*vet"er*ate (?), v. t. To fix and settle by long continuance. [Obs.] Bacon. Inveterately In*vet"er*ate*ly (?), adv. In an inveterate manner or degree. "Inveterately tough." Hawthorne. Inveterateness In*vet"er*ate*ness, n. Inveteracy. Sir T. Browne. Inveteration In*vet`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. inveteratio.] The act of making inveterate. [R.] Bailey. Invict In*vict" (?), a. [L. invictus. See In- not, and Victor.] Invincible. [Obs.] Joye. Invidious In*vid"i*ous (?), a. [L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Envious.] 1. Envious; malignant. [Obs.] Evelyn. 2. Worthy of envy; desirable; enviable. [Obs.] Such a person appeareth in a far more honorable and invidious state than any prosperous man. Barrow. 3. Likely to incur or produce ill will, or to provoke envy; hateful; as, invidious distinctions. Agamemnon found it an invidious affair to give the preference to any one of the Grecian heroes. Broome. -- In*vid"i*ous*ly, adv. -- In*vid"i*ous*ness, n. Invigilance, Invigilancy In*vig"i*lance (?), In*vig"i*lan*cy (?), n. [in- not + vigilance: cf. OF. invigilance.] Want of vigilance; neglect of watching; carelessness. _________________________________________________________________ Page 786 Invigor In*vig"or (?), v. t. To invigorate. [Obs.] Invigorate In*vig"or*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invigorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invigorating.] [Pref. in- in + vigor.] To give vigor to; to strengthen; to animate; to give life and energy to. Christian graces and virtues they can not be, unless fed, invigorated, and animated by universal charity. Atterbury. Syn. -- To refresh; animate; exhilarate; stimulate. Invigoration In*vig`or*a"tion (?), n. The act of invigorating, or the state of being invigorated. Invile In*vile" (?), v. t. To render vile. [Obs.] Daniel. Invillaged In*vil"laged (?; 48), p. a. Turned into, or reduced to, a village. [Obs.] W. Browne. Invincibility In*vin`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invincibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being invincible; invincibleness. Invincible In*vin"ci*ble (?), a. [L. invincibilis: cf. F. invincible. See In- not, and Vincible.] Incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued; unconquerable; insuperable; as, an invincible army, or obstacle. Lead forth to battle these my sons Invincible. Milton. -- In*vin"ci*ble*ness, n. -- In*vin"ci*bly, adv. Inviolability In*vi`o*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inviolabilitas: cf. F. inviolabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inviolable; inviolableness. Inviolable In*vi"o*la*ble (?), a. [L. inviolabilis: cf. F. inviolable. See Inviolate, a.] 1. Not violable; not susceptible of hurt, wound, or harm (used with respect to either physical or moral damage); not susceptible of being profaned or corrupted; sacred; holy; as, inviolable honor or chastity; an inviolable shrine. He tried a third, a tough, well-chosen spear, The inviolable body stood sincere. Dryden. 2. Unviolated; uninjured; undefiled; uncorrupted. For thou, be sure, shalt give account To him who sent us, whose charge is to keep This place inviolable, and these from harm. Milton. 3. Not capable of being broken or violated; as, an inviolable covenant, agreement, promise, or vow. Their almighty Maker first ordained And bound them with inviolable bands. Spenser. And keep our faiths firm and inviolable. Shak. Inviolableness In*vi"o*la*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inviolable; as, the inviolableness of divine justice. Inviolably In*vi"o*la*bly, adv. Without violation. Inviolacy In*vi"o*la*cy (?), n. The state or quality of being inviolate; as, the inviolacy of an oath. Inviolate, Inviolated In*vi"o*late (?), In*vi"o*la`ted (?), a. [L. inviolatus. See In- not, and Violate.] 1. Not violated; uninjured; unhurt; unbroken. His fortune of arms was still inviolate. Bacon. 2. Not corrupted, defiled, or profaned; chaste; pure. "Inviolate truth." Denham. There chaste Alceste lives inviolate. Spenser. Inviolately In*vi"o*late*ly (?), adv. In an inviolate manner. Inviolaness In*vi"o*la*ness, n. The state of being inviolate. Invious In"vi*ous (?), a. [L. invius; pref. in- not + via way.] Untrodden. [R.] Hudibras. -- In"vi*ous*ness, n. [R.] Invirile In*vi"rile (?), a. Deficient in manhood; unmanly; effeminate. Lowell. Invirility In`vi*ril"i*ty (?), n. Absence of virility or manhood; effeminacy. Prynne. Inviscate In*vis"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inviscated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inviscating (?).] [L. inviscatus, p. p. of inviscare to birdlime; pref. in- in + viscum, viscus, the mistletoe, birdlime.] To daub or catch with glue or birdlime; to entangle with glutinous matter. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Inviscerate In*vis"cer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inviscerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inviscerating.] [L. invisceratus, p. p. of inviscerare to put into the entrails. See Viscera.] To breed; to nourish. [R.] W. Montagu. Inviscerate In*vis"cer*ate (?), a. [L. invisceratus, p. p.] Deep-seated; internal. [R.] W. Montagu. Invisibility In*vis`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Invisibilities (#). [L. invisibilitas: cf. F. invisibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being invisible; also, that which is invisible. "Atoms and invisibilities." Landor. Invisible In*vis"i*ble (?), a. [F. invisible, L. invisibilis. See In- not, and Visible.] Incapable of being seen; not perceptible by vision; not visible. To us invisible, or dimly seen In these thy lowest works. Milton. Invisible bird (Zo\'94l.), a small, shy singing bird (Myadestes sibilons), of St. Vincent Islands. -- Invisible green, a very dark shade of green, approaching to black, and liable to be mistaken for it. Invisible In*vis"i*ble, n. 1. An invisible person or thing; specifically, God, the Supreme Being. 2. A Rosicrucian; -- so called because avoiding declaration of his craft. [Obs.] 3. (Eccl. Hist.) One of those (as in the 16th century) who denied the visibility of the church. Shipley. Invisibleness In*vis"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being invisible; invisibility. Invisibly In*vis"i*bly, adv. In an invisible manner, Denham. Invision In*vi"sion (?), n. Want of vision or of the power of seeing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Invitation In`vi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. invitatio: cf. F. invitation. See Invite.] 1. The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company; as, an invitation to a party, to a dinner, or to visit a friend. 2. A document written or printed, or spoken words, 3. Allurement; enticement. [R.] She gives the leer of invitation. Shak. Invitatory In*vi"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. invitatorius: cf. F. invitatoire.] Using or containing invitations. The "Venite" [Psalm xcv.], which is also called the invitatory psalm. Hook. Invitatory In*vi"ta*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Invitatories (#). [LL. invitatorium: cf. F. invitatoire.] That which invites; specifically, the invitatory psalm, or a part of it used in worship. Invite In*vite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inviting.] [L. invitare: cf. F. inviter. See Vie.] 1. To ask; to request; to bid; to summon; to ask to do some act, or go to some place; esp., to ask to an entertainment or visit; to request the company of; as, to invite to dinner, or a wedding, or an excursion. So many guests invite as here are writ. Shak. I invite his Grace of Castle Rackrent to reflect on this. Carlyle. 2. To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope; to attract. To inveigle and invite the unwary sense. Milton. Shady groves, that easy sleep invite. Dryden. There no delusive hope invites despair. Cowper. 3. To give occasion for; as, to invite criticism. Syn. -- To solicit; bid; call; ask; summon; allure; attract; entice; persuade. Invite In*vite", v. i. To give invitation. Milton. Invitement In*vite"ment (?), n. Invitation. [Obs.] Chapman. Inviter In*vit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, invites. Invitiate In*vi"ti*ate (?), a. Not vitiated. Lowell. Inviting In*vit"ing (?), a. Alluring; tempting; as, an inviting amusement or prospect. Nothing is so easy and inviting as the retort of abuse and sarcasm. W. Irving. -- In*vit"ing*ly, adv. -- In*vit"ing*ness, n. Jer. Taylor. Invitrifiable In*vit"ri*fi`a*ble (?), a. Not admitting of being vitrified, or converted into glass. Kirwan. Invocate In"vo*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invocating (?).] [L. invocatus, p. p. of invocare. See Invoke.] To invoke; to call on, or for, in supplication; to implore. If Dagon be thy god, Go to his temple, invocate his aid. Milton. Invocation In`vo*ca"tion (?), n. [F. invocation, L. invocatio.] 1. The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being; earnest and solemn entreaty; esp., prayer offered to a divine being. Sweet invocation of a child; most pretty and pathetical! Shak. The whole poem is a prayer to Fortune, and the invocation is divided between the two deities. Addison. 2. (Law) A call or summons; especially, a judicial call, demand, or order; as, the invocation of papers or evidence into court. Invocatory In"vo*ca*to*ry (?), a. Making or containing invocation; invoking. Invoice In"voice` (?), n. [F. envois things sent, goods forwarded, pl. of envoi a sending or things sent, fr. envoyer to send; cf. F. lettre d'envoi letter of advice of goods forwarded. See Envoy.] 1. (Com.) A written account of the particulars of merchandise shipped or sent to a purchaser, consignee, factor, etc., with the value or prices and charges annexed. Wharton. 2. The lot or set of goods as shipped or received; as, the merchant receives a large invoice of goods. Invoice In"voice`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invoiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invoicing (?).] To make a written list or account of, as goods to be sent to a consignee; to insert in a priced list; to write or enter in an invoice. Goods, wares, and merchandise imported from Norway, and invoiced in the current dollar of Norway. Madison. Invoke In*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invoking.] [F. invoquer, L. invocare; pref. in- in, on + vocare to call, fr. vox voice. See Voice, and cf. Invocate.] To call on for aid or protection; to invite earnestly or solemnly; to summon; to address in prayer; to solicit or demand by invocation; to implore; as, to invoke the Supreme Being, or to invoke His and blessing. Go, my dread lord, to your great grandsire's tomb, . . . Invoke his warlike spirit. Shak. Involucel In*vol"u*cel (?; 277), n. [Dim. of involucre, or involucrum: cf. F. involucelle.] (Bot.) A partial, secondary, or small involucre. See Illust. of Involucre. Involucellate In`vo*lu"cel*late (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with involucels. Involucellum In`vo*lu*cel"lum (?), n.; pl. Involucella (#). [NL.] See Involucel. Involucral In`vo*lu"cral (?), a. [Cf. F. involucral.] Pertaining to, possessing, or like, an involucrum. Involucrate, Involucrated In`vo*lu"crate (?), In`vo*lu"cra*ted (?), a. (Bot.) Having an involucre; involucred. Involucre In"vo*lu`cre (?; 277), n. [L. involucrum a covering, wrapper, fr. involvere to wrap up, envelop: cf. F. involucre. See Involve.] (Bot.) (a) A whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head. (b) A continuous marginal covering of sporangia, in certain ferns, as in the common brake, or the cup-shaped processes of the filmy ferns. (c) The peridium or volva of certain fungi. Called also involucrum. Involucred In"vo*lu`cred (?), a. (Bot.) Having an involucre, as umbels, heads, etc. Martyn. Involucret In`vo*lu"cret (?), n. (Bot.) An involucel. Involucrum In`vo*lu"crum (?), n.; pl. L. Involucra (#), E. Involucrums (#). [L. See Involucre.] 1. (Bot.) See Involucre. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A sheath which surrounds the base of the lasso cells in the Siphonophora. Involuntarily In*vol"un*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. [From Involuntary.] In an involuntary manner; not voluntarily; not intentionally or willingly. Involuntariness In*vol"un*ta*ri*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being involuntary; unwillingness; automatism. Involuntary In*vol"un*ta*ry (?), a. [L. involuntarius. See In- not, and Voluntary.] 1. Not having will of the power of choice. 2. Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibers. 3. Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; as, involuntary submission. Involute, Involuted In"vo*lute (?), In"vo*lu`ted (?), a. [L. involutus, p. p. of involvere. See Involve.] 1. (Bot.) Rolled inward from the edges; -- said of leaves in vernation, or of the petals of flowers in \'91stivation. Gray. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Turned inward at the margin, as the exterior lip of the Cyprea. (b) Rolled inward spirally. Involute In"vo*lute, n. (Geom.) A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve, or unwound from it; -- called also evolvent. See Evolute. Involution In`vo*lu"tion (?), n. [L. involutio: cf. F. involution. See Involve.] 1. The act of involving or infolding. 2. The state of being entangled or involved; complication; entanglement. All things are mixed, and causes blended, by mutual involutions. Glanvill. 3. That in which anything is involved, folded, or wrapped; envelope. Sir T. Browne. 4. (Gram.) The insertion of one or more clauses between the subject and the verb, in a way that involves or complicates the construction. 5. (Math.) The act or process of raising a quantity to any power assigned; the multiplication of a quantity into itself a given number of times; -- the reverse of evolution. 6. (Geom.) The relation which exists between three or more sets of points, a.a\'b7, b.b\'b7, c.c\'b7, so related to a point O on the line, that the product Oa.Oa\'b7 = Ob.Ob\'b7 = Oc.Oc\'b7 is constant. Sets of lines or surfaces possessing corresponding properties may be in involution. 7. (Med.) The return of an enlarged part or organ to its normal size, as of the uterus after pregnancy. Involve In*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Involved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Involving.] [L. involvere, involutum, to roll about, wrap up; pref. in- in + volvere to roll: cf. OF. involver. See Voluble, and cf. Involute.] 1. To roll or fold up; to wind round; to entwine. Some of serpent kind . . . involved Their snaky folds. Milton. 2. To envelop completely; to surround; to cover; to hide; to involve in darkness or obscurity. And leave a sing\'8ad bottom all involved With stench and smoke. Milton. 3. To complicate or make intricate, as in grammatical structure. "Involved discourses." Locke. 4. To connect with something as a natural or logical consequence or effect; to include necessarily; to imply. He knows His end with mine involved. Milton. The contrary necessarily involves a contradiction. Tillotson. 5. To take in; to gather in; to mingle confusedly; to blend or merge. [R.] The gathering number, as it moves along, Involves a vast involuntary throng. Pope. Earth with hell To mingle and involve. Milton. 6. To envelop, infold, entangle, or embarrass; as, to involve a person in debt or misery. 7. To engage thoroughly; to occupy, employ, or absorb. "Involved in a deep study." Sir W. Scott. 8. (Math.) To raise to any assigned power; to multiply, as a quantity, into itself a given number of times; as, a quantity involved to the third or fourth power. Syn. -- To imply; include; implicate; complicate; entangle; embarrass; overwhelm. -- To Involve, Imply. Imply is opposed to express, or set forth; thus, an implied engagement is one fairly to be understood from the words used or the circumstances of the case, though not set forth in form. Involve goes beyond the mere interpretation of things into their necessary relations; and hence, if one thing involves another, it so contains it that the two must go together by an indissoluble connection. War, for example, involves wide spread misery and death; the premises of a syllogism involve the conclusion. Involved In*volved" (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Involute. Involvedness In*volv"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being involved. Involvement In*volve"ment (?), n. The act of involving, or the state of being involved. Lew Wallace. Invulgar In*vul"gar (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + vulgar.] To cause to become or appear vulgar. [Obs.] Daniel. Invulgar In*vul"gar, a. [Pref. in- not + vulgar.] Not vulgar; refined; elegant. [Obs.] Drayton. Invulnerability In*vul"ner*a*bil`i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. invuln\'82rabilit\'82.] Quality or state of being invulnerable. Invulnerable In*vul"ner*a*ble (?), a. [L. invulnerabilis: cf. F. invuln\'82rable. See In- not, and Vulnerable.] 1. Incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury. Neither vainly hope To be invulnerable in those bright arms. Milton. 2. Unanswerable; irrefutable; that can not be refuted or convinced; as, an invulnerable argument. Invulnerableness In*vul"ner*a*ble*ness, n. Invulnerability. Invulnerate In*vul"ner*ate (?), a. [L. invulneratus unwounded.] Invulnerable. Inwall In*wall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inwalled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inwalling.] To inclose or fortify as with a wall. Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 787 Inwall In"wall` (?), n. An inner wall; specifically (Metal.), the inner wall, or lining, of a blast furnace. Inward In"ward (?), a. [AS. inweard, inneweard, innanweard, fr. innan, inne, within (fr. in in; see In) + the suffix -weard, E. -ward.] 1. Being or placed within; inner; interior; -- opposed to outward. Milton. 2. Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul. "Inward beauty." Shak. 3. Intimate; domestic; private. [Obs.] All my inward friends abhorred me. Job xix. 19. He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the discourse of his life. Sir P. Sidney. Inward In"ward, n. 1. That which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera. Jer. Taylor. Then sacrificing, laid the inwards and their fat. Milton. 2. The mental faculties; -- usually pl. [Obs.] 3. An intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance. [Obs.] "I was an inward of his." Shak. Inward, Inwards In"ward (?), In"wards (?), adv. [AS. inweard. The ending -s is prop. a genitive ending. See Inward, a., -wards.] 1. Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward. 2. Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; as, to turn the attention inward. So much the rather, thou Celestial Light, Shine inward. Milton. Inwardly In"ward*ly (?), adv. [AS. inweardlice.] 1. In the inner parts; internally. Let Benedick, like covered fire, Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly. Shak. 2. Toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly. 3. In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secretas, he inwardly repines. 4. Intimately; thoroughly. [Obs.] I shall desire to know him more inwardly. Beau. & Fl. Inwardness In"ward*ness, n. 1. Internal or true state; essential nature; as, the inwardness of conduct. Sense can not arrive to the inwardness Of things. Dr. H. More. 2. Intimacy; familiarity. [Obs.] Shak. 3. Heartiness; earnestness. What was wanted was more inwardness, more feeling. M. Arnold. Inwards In"wards (?), adv. See Inward. Inweave In*weave" (?), v. t. To weave in or together; to intermix or intertwine by weaving; to interlace. Down they cast Their crowns, inwove with amaranth and gold. Milton. Inwheel In*wheel" (?), v. t. To encircle. [R.] Beau. & Fl. Inwit In"wit (?), n. Inward sense; mind; understanding; conscience. [Obs.] Wyclif. Inwith In*with" (?), prep. Within. [Obs.] This purse hath she inwith her bosom hid. Chaucer. Inwork In*work" (?), v. t. & i. [Pref. in- + work. Cf. Inwrought.] To work in or within. Itworn It"worn` (?), p. a. Worn, wrought, or stamped in. [R.] Milton. Inwrap In*wrap" (?), v. t. [Written also enwrap.] 1. To cover by wrapping; to involve; to infold; as, to inwrap in a cloak, in smoke, etc. 2. To involve, as in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex. [R.] Bp. Hall. Inwreathe In*wreathe" (?), v. t. To surround or encompass as with a wreath. [Written also enwreathe.] Resplendent locks, inwreathed with beams. Milton. Inwrought In*wrought" (?), p. p. OR a. [Pref. in- + wrought. Cf. Inwork.] Wrought or worked in or among other things; worked into any fabric so as to from a part of its texture; wrought or adorned, as with figures. His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge, Inwrought with figures dim. Milton. Io I"o (?), n.; pl. Ios (#). [L.; cf. Gr. "iw`.] An exclamation of joy or triumph; -- often interjectional. Iod- I"od- (?). (Chem.) See Iodo-. Iodal I"o*dal (?), n. [Iod- + alcohol.] (Chem.) An oily liquid, Cl3.CHO, analogous to chloral and bromal. Iodate I"o*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of iodic acid. Iodhydrin I`od*hy"drin (?), n. [Iod- + chlorhydrin.] (Chem.) One of a series of compounds containing iodine, and analogous to the chlorhydrins. Iodic I*od"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. iodique. See Iodine.] (Chem.) to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those compounds in which it has a relatively high valence; as, iodic acid. Iodic acid, a monobasic acid, consisting of iodine with three parts of oxygen and one of hydrogen. Iodide I"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; as, potassium iodide. Iodine I"o*dine (?; 104), n. [Gr. iode, iodine. The name was given from the violet color of its vapor. See Violet, Idyl.] (Chem.) A nonmetallic element, of the halogen group, occurring always in combination, as in the iodides. When isolated it is in the form of dark gray metallic scales, resembling plumbago, soft but brittle, and emitting a chlorinelike odor. Symbol I. Atomic weight 126.5. If heated, iodine volatilizes in beautiful violet vapors. NOTE: &hand; Iodine was formerly obtained from the ashes of seaweed (kelp or varec), but is now also extracted from certain natural brines. In the free state, iodine, even in very minute quantities, colors starch blue. Iodine and its compounds are largely used in medicine (as in liniments, antisyphilitics, etc.), in photography, in the preparation of aniline dyes, and as an indicator in titration. Iodine green, an artificial green dyestuff, consisting of an iodine derivative of rosaniline; -- called also night green. -- Iodine scarlet, a pigment of an intense scarlet color, consisting of mercuric iodide. -- Iodine yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, consisting of plumbic iodide. Iodism I"o*dism (?), n. (Med.) A morbid state produced by the use of iodine and its compounds, and characterized by palpitation, depression, and general emaciation, with a pustular eruption upon the skin. Iodize I"o*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iodized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iodizing (?).] To treat or impregnate with iodine or its compounds; as, to iodize a plate for photography. R. Hunt. <-- iodized salt = table salt to which an iodide compound has been added as a nutritional supplement to prevent goiter --> Iodizer I"o*di`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, iodizes. Iodo-, Iod- I"o*do- (?), I"od- (?). (Chem.) A prefix, or combining from, indicating iodine as an ingredient; as, iodoform. Iodoform I*od"o*form (?), n. [Iodo- + formyl. See Formyl, and cf. Chloroform.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, CI3H, having an offensive odor and sweetish taste, and analogous to chloroform. It is used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores. Iodoquinine I`o*do*qui"nine (?), n. [Iodo- + quinine.] (Chem.) A iodide of quinine obtained as a brown substance,. It is the base of herapathite. See Herapathite. Iodous I"o*dous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, iodine. See -ous (chemical suffix). Iodous acid, a hypothetical acid, analogous to chlorous acid. Ioduret I*od"u*ret (?), n. (Chem.) Iodide. [Obs.] Iodyrite I*od"y*rite (?), n. [From Iodine.] (Min.) Silver iodide, a mineral of a yellowish color. Iolite I"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A silicate of alumina, iron, and magnesia, having a bright blue color and vitreous luster; cordierite. It is remarkable for its dichroism, and is also called dichroite. Io moth I"o moth` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.) A large and handsome American moth (Hyperchiria Io), having a large, bright-colored spot on each hind wing, resembling the spots on the tail of a peacock. The larva is covered with prickly hairs, which sting like nettles. -ion -ion (?; 106). [L. -io, acc. -ionem: cf. F. -ion.] A noun suffix denoting act, process, result of an act or a process, thing acted upon, state, or condition; as, revolution, the act or process of revolving; construction, the act or process of constructing; a thing constructed; dominion, territory ruled over; subjection, state of being subject; dejection; abstraction. Ion I"on (?), n. [Gr. (Elec. Chem.) One of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. Cf. Anion, Cation. <-- an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying an electrical charge. Contrasted with neutral atoms or molecules, and free radicals. Certain compounds, such as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution. Others, notable acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions. In solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that case are said to be solvated. --> Ionian I*o"ni*an (?), a. [L. Ionius. See Ionic.] Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic. -- n. A native or citizen of Ionia. Ionic I*on"ic (?), a. [L. Ionicus, Gr. 1. Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians. 2. (Arch.) Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. See Illust. of Capital. Ionic dialect (Gr. Gram.), a dialect of the Greek language, used in Ionia. The Homeric poems are written in what is designated old Ionic, as distinguished from new Ionic, or Attic, the dialect of all cultivated Greeks in the period of Athenian prosperity and glory. -- Ionic foot. (Pros.) See Ionic, n., 1. -- Ionic, OR Ionian, mode (Mus.), an ancient mode, supposed to correspond with the modern major scale of C. -- Ionic sect, a sect of philosophers founded by Thales of Miletus, in Ionia. Their distinguishing tenet was, that water is the original principle of all things. -- Ionic type, a kind of heavy-faced type (as that of the following line). NOTE: &hand;This is Nonpareil Ionic. <-- Ionic Ionic a. Of or pertaining to an ion; composed of ions. --> Ionic I*on"ic, n. 1. (Pros.) (a) A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the greater Ionic; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the smaller Ionic. (b) A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet. 2. The Ionic dialect; as, the Homeric Ionic. 3. (Print.) Ionic type. Ionidium I`o*nid"i*um (?), n. [NL. Cf. Iodine.] (Bot.) A genus of violaceous plants, chiefly found in tropical America, some species of which are used as substitutes for ipecacuanha. Ioqua shell I"o*qua shell` (?). [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The shell of a large Dentalium (D. pretiosum), formerly used as shell money, and for ornaments, by the Indians of the west coast of North America. Iota I*o"ta (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Jot.] 1. The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (i) corresponding with the English i. 2. A very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle.<-- from iota being the smallest letter --> They never depart an iota from the authentic formulas of tyranny and usurpation. Burke. Iota subscript (Gr. Gram.), iota written beneath a preceding vowel, as a,, h,, w,, -- done when iota is silent.<-- we use a following comma to represent the iota subscript within Greek transcriptions. See the "readme.fnt" file for complete description of Greek transliterations. --> Iotacism I*o"ta*cism (?), n. [Gr. iotacisme. See Iota.] The frequent use of the sound of iota (that of English e in be), as among the modern Greeks; also, confusion from sounding Littr\'82. I O U I O U (?). [i. e., I owe you.] A paper having on it these letters, with a sum named, and duly signed; -- in use in England as an acknowledgment of a debt, and taken as evidence thereof, but not amounting to a promissory note; a due bill. Wharton. Story. Iowas I"o*was (?), n. pl.; sing. Iowa. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region now included in the State of Iowa. Ipecac Ip"e*cac (?), n. An abbreviation of Ipecacuanha, and in more frequent use. Ipecacuanha Ip`e*cac`u*an"ha (?), n. [Pg. ipecacuanha (cf. Sp. ipecacuana); fr. Braz. ipe-kaa-guena, prop., a creeping plant that causes vomiting.] (Med. & Bot.) The root of a Brazilian rubiaceous herb (Cepha\'89lis Ipecacuanha), largely employed as an emetic; also, the plant itself; also, a medicinal extract of the root. Many other plants are used as a substitutes; among them are the black or Peruvian ipecac (Psychotria emetica), the white ipecac (Ionidium Ipecacuanha), the bastard or wild ipecac (Asclepias Curassavica), and the undulated ipecac (Richardsonia scabra). Ipocras Ip"o*cras (?), n. Hippocras. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ipom\'d2a Ip`o*m\'d2"a (?), n. [NL. "Named, according to Linn\'91us, from Gr. 'i`ps, 'ipo`s, a bindweed [which it is not] , and Gray.] (Bot.) A genus of twining plants with showy monopetalous flowers, including the morning-glory, the sweet potato, and the cypress vine. Ipom\'d2ic Ip`o*m\'d2"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of convolvulin (obtained from jalap, the tubers of Ipom\'d2a purga), and identical in most of its properties with sebacic acid. Ir- Ir- (?). A form of the prefix in-. See In-. Iracund I"ra*cund (?), a. [L. iracundus, fr. ira anger.] Irascible; choleric. "Iracund people." Carlyle. Irade I*ra"de (&esl;*r&aum;"d&asl;), n. [Turk.] A decree of the Sultan. Iran I`ran" (&emac;`r&aum;n"), n. [Mod. Persian Ir\'ben. Cf. Aryan.] The native name of Persia. Iranian I*ra"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iran. -- n. A native of Iran; also, the Iranian or Persian language, a division of the Aryan family of languages. Iranic I*ran"ic (?), a. Iranian. Irascibility I*ras`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irascibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being irascible; irritability of temper; irascibleness. Irascible I*ras"ci*ble (?), a. [L. irascibilis, fr. irasci to be angry, ira anger: cf. F. irascible. See Ire.] Prone to anger; easily provoked or inflamed to anger; choleric; irritable; as, an irascible man; an irascible temper or mood. -- I*ras"ci*ble*ness, n. -- I*ras"ci*bly, adv. Irate I*rate" (?), a. [L. iratus, fr. irasci to be angry. See Ire.] Angry; incensed; enraged. [Recent] The irate colonel . . . stood speechless. Thackeray. Mr. Jaggers suddenly became most irate. Dickens. Ire Ire (?), n. [F., fr. L. ira.] Anger; wrath. [Poet.] Syn. -- Anger; passion; rage; fury. See Anger. Ireful Ire"ful (?), a. Full of ire; angry; wroth. "The ireful bastard Orleans." Shak. -- Ire"ful*ly, adv. Irefulness Ire"ful*ness, n. Wrathfulness. Wyclif. Irenarch I"re*narch (?), n. [L. irenarcha, irenarches, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An officer in the Greek empire having functions corresponding to those of a justice of the peace. [Written also eirenarch.] Irenic, Irenical I*ren"ic (?), I*ren"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Fitted or designed to promote peace; pacific; conciliatory; peaceful. Bp. Hall. Irenicon I*ren"i*con (?), n. [NL., from Gr. A proposition or device for securing peace, especially in the church. South. Irenics I*ren"ics (?), n. (Eccl.) That branch of Christian science which treats of the methods of securing unity among Christians or harmony and union among the churches; -- called also Irenical theology. Schaff-Herzog. Irestone Ire"stone` (?), n. (Mining) Any very hard rock. Irian I"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iris. "Irian nerves." Dunglison. Iricism I"ri*cism (?), n. Irishism. [R.] Jeffrey. Iridaceous, Irideous Ir`i*da"ceous (?), I*rid"e*ous (?), a. [From NL. Iris, Iridis, the Iris.] (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a large natural order of endogenous plants (Iridace\'91), which includes the genera Iris, Ixia, Crocus, Gladiolus, and many others. Iridal I"ri*dal (?; 277), a. [L. iris, iridis, rainbow. See Iris.] Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow; prismatic; as, the iridal colors. Whewell. Iridectomy Ir`i*dec"to*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The act or process of cutting out a portion of the iris in order to form an artificial pupil. Iridescence Ir`i*des"cence (?), n. [See Iridescent.] Exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; the quality or state of being iridescent; a prismatic play of color; as, the iridescence of mother-of-pearl. Iridescent Ir`i*des"cent (?; 277), a. [L. iris, iridis, the rainbow: cf. F. iridescent.] Having colors like the rainbow; exhibiting a play of changeable colors; nacreous; prismatic; as, iridescent glass. Iridian I*rid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow. Iridiated I*rid"i*a`ted (?), a. Iridescent. Iridic I*rid"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iris of the eye. Iridic I*rid"ic, a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to iridium; -- said specifically of those compounds in which iridium has a relatively high valence. Iridioscope I*rid"i*o*scope (?), n. [See Iris, and -scope.] A kind of ophthalmoscope. Iridious I*rid"i*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to iridium; -- applied specifically to compounds in which iridium has a low valence. _________________________________________________________________ Page 788 Iridium I*rid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. iris, iridis, the rainbow. So called from the iridescence of some of its solutions. See Iris.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of the same group as platinum, which it much resembles, being silver-white, but harder, and brittle, and indifferent to most corrosive agents. With the exception of osmium, it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4. Symbol Ir. Atomic weight 192.5. NOTE: &hand; Ir idium us ually occurs as a native alloy with osmium (iridosmine or osmiridium), which may occur alone or with platinum. Iridium, as an alloy with platinum, is used in bushing the vents of heavy ordnance. It is also used for the points of gold pens, and in a finely powdered condition (iridium black), for painting porcelain black. Iridize Ir"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iridized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iridizing (?).] 1. To point or tip with iridium, as a gold pen. 2. To make iridescent; as, to iridize glass. Iridoline I*rid"o*line (?), n. [Iridescent + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base C10H9N, extracted from coal-tar naphtha, as an oily liquid. It is a member of the quinoline series, and is probably identical with lepidine. Iridosmine, Iridosmium Ir`i*dos"mine (?), Ir`i*dos"mi*um (?), n. [Iridium + osmium.] (Min.) The native compound of iridium and osmium. It is found in flattened metallic grains of extreme hardness, and is often used for pointing gold pens. Iris I"ris (?), n.; pl. E. Irises (#), L. Irides (#). [L. iris, iridis, the goddess, Gr. Orris.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of the rainbow, and swift-footed messenger of the gods. Shak. 2. The rainbow. Sir T. Browne. 3. An appearance resembling the rainbow; a prismatic play of colors. Tennyson. 4. (Anat.) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, and forming the colored portion of the eye. See Eye. 5. (Bot.) A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous or tuberous roots, of which the flower-de-luce (fleur-de-lis), orris, and other species of flag are examples. See Illust. of Flower-de-luce. 6. (Her.) See Fleur-de-lis, 2. Irisated I"ris*a`ted (?), a. [See Iris.] Exhibiting the prismatic colors; irised; iridescent. W. Phillips. Iriscope I"ri*scope (?), n. [Iris + -scope.] A philosophical toy for exhibiting the prismatic tints by means of thin films. Irised I"rised (?), a. [See Iris.] Having colors like those of the rainbow; iridescent. Holmes. Irish I"rish (?), a. [AS. , fr. the Irish. Cf. Aryan, Erse.] Of or pertaining to Ireland or to its inhabitants; produced in Ireland. Irish elk. (Zo\'94l.) See under Elk. -- Irish moss. (a) (Bot.) Carrageen. (b) A preparation of the same made into a blanc mange. -- Irish poplin. See Poplin. -- Irish potato, the ordinary white potato, so called because it is a favorite article of food in Ireland. -- Irish reef, OR Irishman's reef (Naut.), the head of a sail tied up. -- Irish stew, meat, potatoes, and onions, cut in small pieces and stewed. Irish I*rish", n. sing. & pl. 1. pl. The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, esp. the Celtic natives or their descendants. 2. The language of the Irish; the Hiberno-Celtic. 3. An old game resembling backgammon. Irishism I*rish"*ism (?), n. A mode of speaking peculiar to the Irish; an Hibernicism. Irishman I"rish*man (?), n.; pl. Irishmen (. A man born in Ireland or of the Irish race; an Hibernian. Irishman's hurricane (Naut.), a dead calm. -- Irishman's reef. (Naut.) See Irish reef, under Irish, a. Irishry I"rish*ry (?), n. The Celtic people of Ireland. "The whole Irishry of rebels." Milton. Iritis I*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Iris, and -itis.] (Med.) An inflammation of the iris of the eye. Irk Irk (?), v. t. [OE. irken to tire, become tired; cf. Sw. yrka to urge, enforce, press, or G. ekel disgust, MHG. erklich disgusting; perh. akin to L. urgere to urge, E. urge.] To weary; to give pain; to annoy; -- used only impersonally at present. To see this sight, it irks my very soul. Shak. It irketh him to be here. M. Arnold. Irksome Irk"some (?), a. 1. Wearisome; tedious; disagreeable or troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition; as, irksome hours; irksome tasks. For not to irksome toil, but to delight, He made us. Milton. 2. Weary; vexed; uneasy. [Obs.] Let us therefore learn not to be irksome when God layeth his cross upon us. Latimer. Syn. -- Wearisome; tedious; tiresome; vexatious; burdensome. -- Irksome, Wearisome, Tedious. These epithets describe things which give pain or disgust. Irksome is applied to something which disgusts by its nature or quality; as, an irksome task. Wearisome denotes that which wearies or wears us out by severe labor; as, wearisome employment. Tedious is applied to something which tires us out by the length of time occupied in its performance; as, a tedious speech. Wearisome nights are appointed to me. Job vii. 3. Pity only on fresh objects stays, But with the tedious sight of woes decays. Dryden. -- Irk"some*ly, adv. -- Irk"some*ness, n. Iron I"ron (?), n. [OE. iren, AS. \'c6ren, \'c6sen, \'c6sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. \'c6sarn, OHG. \'c6sarn, \'c6san, G. eisen, Icel. \'c6sarn, j\'bern, Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W. haiarn, Armor. houarn.] 1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or an fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances. NOTE: &hand; Th e value of iron is largely due to the facility with which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and generating furnace). 2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc. My young soldier, put up your iron. Shak. 3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles. Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons. Macaulay. 4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron. Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below). -- Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog. -- Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary. -- Fire irons. See under Fire, n. -- Gray irons. See under Fire, n. -- Gray iron. See Cast iron (above). -- It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill away on either tack. -- Magnetic iron. See Magnetite. -- Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less brittle, and to some extent malleable. -- Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite. -- Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast furnace, being run into molds, called pigs. -- Reduced iron. See under Reduced. -- Specular iron. See Hematite. -- Too many irons in the fire, too many objects requiring the attention at once. -- White iron. See Cast iron (above). -- Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly known in the arts, containing only about half of one per cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore, as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying (puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed into bars, it is called bar iron. Iron I"ron (?), a. [AS. \'c6ren, \'c6sen. See Iron, n.] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. 3. Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.; as: (a) Rude; hard; harsh; severe. Iron years of wars and dangers. Rowe. Jove crushed the nations with an iron rod. Pope. (b) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution. (c) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will. (d) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious. "Him death's iron sleep oppressed." Philips. NOTE: &hand; Ir on is of ten used in composition, denoting made of iron, relating to iron, of or with iron; producing iron, etc.; resembling iron, literally or figuratively, in some of its properties or characteristics; as, iron-shod, iron-sheathed, iron-fisted, iron-framed, iron-handed, iron-hearted, iron foundry or iron-foundry. Iron age. (a) (Myth.) The age following the golden, silver, and bronze ages, and characterized by a general degeneration of talent and virtue, and of literary excellence. In Roman literature the Iron Age is commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of Rome by the Goths, A. D. 410. (b) (Arch\'91ol.) That stage in the development of any people characterized by the use of iron implements in the place of the more cumbrous stone and bronze. -- Iron cement, a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron borings or filings, sal ammoniac, etc. -- Iron clay (Min.), a yellowish clay containing a large proportion of an ore of iron. -- Iron cross, a Prussian order of military merit; also, the decoration of the order. -- Iron crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belonging originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating the dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in the cross of Christ. -- Iron flint (Min.), an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous variety of quartz. -- Iron founder, a maker of iron castings. -- Iron foundry, the place where iron castings are made. -- Iron furnace, a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or for melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a reverberatory; a bloomery. -- Iron glance (Min.), hematite. -- Iron hat, a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat with a broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle Ages. -- Iron horse, a locomotive engine. [Colloq.] -- Iron liquor, a solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant by dyers. -- Iron man (Cotton Manuf.), a name for the self-acting spinning mule. -- Iron mold OR mould, a yellow spot on cloth stained by rusty iron. -- Iron ore (Min.), any native compound of iron from which the metal may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are magnetite, hematite, siderite, limonite, G\'94thite, turgite, and the bog and clay iron ores. -- Iron pyrites (Min.), common pyrites, or pyrite. See Pyrites. -- Iron sand, an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron ore, formerly used to sand paper after writing. -- Iron scale, the thin film which on the surface of wrought iron in the process of forging. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4>. -- Iron works, a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge, rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc. Iron I"ron, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ironed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ironing.] 1. To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with out. 2. To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff. "Ironed like a malefactor." Sir W. Scott. 3. To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon. <-- iron out differences = resolve differences; settle a dispute. --> Ironbark tree I"ron*bark` tree` (?). (Bot.) The Australian Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, used largely by carpenters and shipbuilders; -- called also ironwood. Ironbound I"ron*bound` (?), a. 1. Bound as with iron; rugged; as, an ironbound coast. 2. Rigid; unyielding; as, ironbound traditions. Iron-cased I"ron-cased` (?), a. Cased or covered with iron, as a vessel; ironclad. Ironclad I"ron*clad` (?), a. 1. Clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for naval warfare. 2. Rigorous; severe; exacting; as, an ironclad oath or pledge. [Colloq.] Ironclad I"ron*clad`, n. A naval vessel having the parts above water covered and protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot. Ironer I"ron*er (?), n. One who, or that which, irons. Iron-fisted I"ron-fist`ed (?), a. Closefisted; stingy; mean. Iron-gray I"ron-gray` (?), a. Of a gray color, somewhat resembling that of iron freshly broken. -- n. An iron-gray color; also, a horse of this color. Ironheads I"ron*heads` (?), n. (Bot.) A European composite herb (Centaurea nigra); -- so called from the resemblance of its knobbed head to an iron ball fixed on a long handle. Dr. Prior. Iron-hearted I"ron-heart`ed (?), a. Hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; as, an iron-hearted master. Cowper. Ironic I*ron"ic (?), a. Ironical. Sir T. Herbert. Ironical I*ron"ic*al (?), a. [LL. ironicus, Gr. ironique. See Irony.] 1. Pertaining to irony; containing, expressing, or characterized by, irony; as, an ironical remark. 2. Addicted to the use of irony; given to irony. -- I*ron"ic*al*ly, adv. -- I*ron"ic*al*ness, n. Ironing I"ron*ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of smoothing, as clothes, with hot flatirons. 2. The clothes ironed. Ironing board, a flat board, upon which clothes are laid being ironed. Ironish I"ron*ish, a. Resembling iron, as in taste. Wood. Ironist I"ron*ist (?), n. One who uses irony. Ironmaster I"ron*mas`ter (?), n. A manufacturer of iron, or large dealer therein. Bp. Hurd. Ironmonger I"ron*mon`ger (?), n. A dealer in iron or hardware. Ironmongery I"ron*mon`ger*y (?), n. Hardware; a general name for all articles made of iron. Gwilt. Iron-sick I"ron-sick` (?), a. (Naut.) Having the ironwork loose or corroded; -- said of a ship when her bolts and nails are so eaten with rust that she has become leaky. Iron-sided I"ron-sid`ed (?), a. Having iron sides, or very firm sides. Ironsides I"ron*sides" (?), n. A cuirassier or cuirassiers; also, hardy veteran soldiers; -- applied specifically to Cromwell's cavalry. <-- Old Ironsides. The U.S.S. Constitution, a ship which fought in the American Revolutionary war, and now functions as a museum in Boston harbor. --> Ironsmith I"ron*smith` (?), n. 1. A worker in iron; one who makes and repairs utensils of iron; a blacksmith. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian barbet (Megalaima faber), inhabiting the Island of Hainan. The name alludes to its note, which resembles the sounds made by a smith. Ironstone I"ron*stone` (?), n. A hard, earthy ore of iron. Clay ironstone. See under Clay. -- Ironstone china, a hard white pottery, first made in England during the 18th century. Ironware I"ron*ware` (?), n. Articles made of iron, as household utensils, tools, and the like. Ironweed I"ron*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A tall weed with purplish flowers (Vernonia Noveboracensis). The name is also applied to other plants of the same genus. Ironwood I"ron*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A tree unusually hard, strong, or heavy wood. NOTE: &hand; In th e Un ited St ates, th e ho rnbeam an d th e hop hornbeam are so called; also the Olneya Tesota, a small tree of Arizona; in the West Indies, the Erythroxylon areolatum, and several other unrelated trees; in China, the Metrosideros vera; in India, the Mesua ferrea, and two species of Inga; in Australia, the Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, and in many countries, species of Sideroxylon and Diospyros, and many other trees. Ironwork I"ron*work` (?), n. Anything made of iron; -- a general name of such parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron. Iron works I"ron works`. See under Iron, a. Ironwort I"ron*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An herb of the Mint family (Sideritis), supposed to heal sword cuts; also, a species of Galeopsis. Irony I"ron*y (?), a. [From Iron.] 1. Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as, irony chains; irony particles. [R.] <-- in this sense iron is more common. --> Woodward. 2. Resembling iron taste, hardness, or other physical property. Irony I"ron*y (?), n.[L. ironia, Gr. word: cf. F. ironie.] 1. Dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist. 2. A sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of the words. Iroquois Ir`o*quois" (?), n. sing. & pl. [F.] (Ethnol.) A powerful and warlike confederacy of Indian tribes, formerly inhabiting Central New York and constituting most of the Five Nations. Also, any Indian of the Iroquois tribes. Irous I"rous (?), a. [OF. iros, from ire. See Ire.] Irascible; passionate. [Obs.] Chaucer. Irp, Irpe Irp, Irpe (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A fantastic grimace or contortion of the body. [Obs.] Smirks and irps and all affected humors. B. Jonson . _________________________________________________________________ Page 789 Irp Irp (?), a. Making irps. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Irradiance, Irradiancy Ir*ra"di*ance (?), Ir*ra"di*an*cy (?), n. [From Irradiant.] 1. The act of irradiating; emission of rays of light. 2. That which irradiates or is irradiated; luster; splendor; irradiation; brilliancy. Milton. Irradiant Ir*ra"di*ant (?), a. [L. irradians, -antis, p. pr. See Irradiate.] Irradiating or illuminating; as, the irradiant moon. Boyse. Irradiate Ir*ra"di*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irradiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irradiating (?).] [L. irradiatus, p. p. of irradiate. See In- in, and Radiate.] 1. To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster. Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields. Sir W. Jones. 2. To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind. Bp. Bull. 3. To animate by heat or light. Sir M. Hale. 4. To radiate, shed, or diffuse. A splendid fairradiating hospitality. H. James. Irradiate Ir*ra"di*ate, v. i. To emit rays; to shine. Irradiate Ir*ra"di*ate (?), a. [L. irradiatus, p. p.] Illuminated; irradiated. Mason. Irradiation Ir*ra`di*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. irradiation.] 1. Act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated. 2. Illumination; irradiance; brilliancy. Sir W. Scott. 3. Fig.: Mental light or illumination. Sir M. Hale. 4. (Opt.) The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus. Irradicate Ir*rad"i*cate (?), v. t. To root deeply. [R.] Irrational Ir*ra"tion*al (?), a. [L. irrationalis: cf. F. irrationnel. See In- not, and Rational.] 1. Not rational; void of reason or understanding; as, brutes are irrational animals. 2. Not according to reason; absurd; foolish. It seemed utterly irrational any longer to maintain it. I. Taylor. 3. (Math.) Not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, or by a vulgar fraction; surd; -- said especially of roots. See Surd. Syn. -- Absurd; foolish; preposterous; unreasonable; senseless. See Absurd. Irrationality Ir*ra`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irrational. "Brutish irrationaliity." South. Irrationally Ir*ra"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In an irrational manner. Boyle. Irrationalness Ir*ra"tion*al*ness, n. Irrationality. Irrebuttable Ir`re*but"ta*ble (?), a. Incapable of being rebutted. Coleridge. Irreceptive Ir`re*cep"tive (?), a. Not receiving; incapable of receiving. Irreclaimable Ir`re*claim"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being reclaimed. Addison. -- Ir`re*claim"a*bly, ad Irrecognition Ir*rec`og*ni"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + recognition.] A failure to recognize; absence of recognition. Lamb. Irrecognizable Ir*rec"og*ni`za*ble (?; 277), a. Not recognizable. Carlyle. Irreconcilability Ir*rec`on*ci`la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irreconcilable; irreconcilableness. Irreconcilable Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble (?; 277), a. [Pref. ir- not + reconcilable: cf. F. irr\'82conciliable.] Not reconcilable; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent; disagreeing; as, irreconcilable enemies, statements. -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv. Irreconcile Ir*rec"on*cile` (?), v. t. To prevent from being reconciled; to alienate or disaffect. [Obs.] Irreconcilement Ir*rec"on*cile`ment (?), n. The state or quality of being unreconciled; disagreement. Irreconciliation Ir*rec`on*cil`i*a"tion (?), n. Want of reconciliation; disagreement. Irrecordable Ir`re*cord"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir-- not + record: cf. L. irrecordabilis not to be remembered.] Not fit or possible to be recorded. Irrecoverable Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being recovered, regained, or remedied; irreparable; as, an irrecoverable loss, debt, or injury. That which is past is gone and irrecoverable. Bacon. Syn. -- Irreparable; irretrievable; irremediable; unalterable; incurable; hopeless. -- Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*cov"er*a*bly, adv. Irrecuperable Ir`re*cu"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. irrecuperabilis: cf. OF. irrecuperable. See In- not, and Recuperate.] Irrecoverable. -- Ir`re*cu"per*a*bly, adv. Irrecured Ir`re*cured" (?), a. Incurable. [Obs.] Irrecusable Ir`re*cu"sa*ble (?), a. [L. irrecusabilis; pref. ir-- not + recusabilis that should be rejected, fr. recusare to reject: cf. F. irr\'82cusable.] Not liable to exception or rejection. Sir W. Hamilton. Irredeemability Ir`re*deem`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being irredeemable; irredeemableness. Irredeemable Ir`re*deem"a*ble (?), a. Not redeemable; that can not be redeemed; not payable in gold or silver, as a bond; -- used especially of such government notes, issued as currency, as are not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder. -- Ir`re*deem"a*ble*ness, adv. Irreducibility Ir`re*du`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being irreducible. Irreducible Ir`re*du"ci*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state; incapable of restoration to its proper or normal condition; as, an irreducible hernia. 2. (Math.) Incapable of being reduced to a simpler form of expression; as, an irreducible formula. Irreducible case (Alg.), a particular case in the solution of a cubic equation, in which the formula commonly employed contains an imaginary quantity, and therefore fails in its application. -- Ir`re*du"ci*ble*ness, n. -- -- Ir`re*du"ci*bly, adv. Irreflection Ir`re*flec"tion (?), n. Want of reflection. Irreflective Ir`re*flect"ive (?), a. Not reflective. De Quincey. Irrefromable Ir`re*from"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being reformed; incorrigible. Joseph Cook. Irrefragability Ir*ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irrefragable; incapability of being refuted. Irrefragable Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble (?), a. [F. irr\'82fragable, L. irrefragabilis. See Refragable.] Not refragable; not to be gainsaid or denied; not to be refuted or overthrown; unanswerable; incontestable; undeniable; as, an irrefragable argument; irrefragable evidence. -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*ref"ra*ga*bly, adv. Syn. -- Incontrovertible; unanswerable; indisputable; unquestionable; incontestable; indubitable; undeniable; irrefutable. Irrefrangibility Ir`re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irrefrangible; irrefrangibleness. Irrefrangible Ir`re*fran"gi*ble (?), a. Not refrangible; that can not be refracted in passing from one medium to another. -- Ir`re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n. Irrefutable Ir`re*fut"a*ble (?; 277), a. [L. irrefutabilis: cf. F. irr\'82futable. See Refute.] Incapable of being refuted or disproved; indisputable. -- Ir`re*fut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*fut"a*bly, adv. Irregeneracy Ir`re*gen"er*a*cy (?), n. Unregeneracy. Irregeneration Ir`re*gen`er*a"tion (?), n. An unregenerate state. [Obs.] Irregular Ir*reg"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + regular: cf. F. irr\'82gulier.] Not regular; not conforming to a law, method, or usage recognized as the general rule; not according to common form; not conformable to nature, to the rules of moral rectitude, or to established principles; not normal; unnatural; immethodical; unsymmetrical; erratic; no straight; not uniform; as, an irregular line; an irregular figure; an irregular verse; an irregular physician; an irregular proceeding; irregular motion; irregular conduct, etc. Cf. Regular. Mazes intricate, Eccentric, intervolved, yet regular Then most when most irregular they seem. Milton. Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight Against the irregular and wild Glendower. Shak. A flowery meadow through which a clear stream murmured in many irregular meanders. Jones. Syn. -- Immethodical; unsystematic; abnormal; unnatural; anomalous; erratic; devious; crooked; eccentric; unsettled; uneven; variable; changeable; mutable; desultory; disorderly; wild; immoderate; intemperate; inordinate; vicious. Irregular Ir*reg"u*lar, n. One who is not regular; especially, a soldier not in regular service. Irregularist Ir*reg"u*lar*ist, n. One who is irregular. Baxter. Irregularity Ir*reg`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Irregularities (#). [Cf. F. irr\'82gularit\'82.] The state or quality of being irregular; that which is irregular. Irregularly Ir*reg"u*lar*ly, adv. In an irregular manner. Irregulate Ir*reg"u*late (?), v. t. To make irregular; to disorder. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Irregulous Ir*reg"u*lous (?), a. Lawless. [Obs.] Shak. Irrejectable Ir`re*ject"a*ble (?), a. That can not be rejected; irresistible. Boyle. Irrelapsable Ir`re*laps"a*ble (?), a. Not liable to relapse; secure. Dr. H. More. Irrelate Ir`re*late (?), a. Ir Irrelation Ir`re*la"tion (?), n. The quality or state of being irrelative; want of connection or relation. Irrelative Ir*rel"a*tive (?), a. Not relative; without mutual relations; unconnected. -- Ir*rel"a*tive*ly, adv. Irrelative chords (Mus.), those having no common tone. -- Irrelative repetition (Biol.), the multiplication of parts that serve for a common purpose, but have no mutual dependence or connection. Owen. Irrelavance Ir*rel"a*vance (?), n. Irrelevancy. Irrelavancy Ir*rel"a*van*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being irrelevant; as, the irrelevancy of an argument. Irrelavant Ir*rel"a*vant (?), a. Not relevant; not applicable or pertinent; not bearing upon or serving to support; foreign; extraneous; as, testimony or arguments irrelevant to a case. -- Ir*rel"a*vant*ly, adv. Irrelievable Ir`re*liev"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting relief; incurable; hopeless. Irreligion Ir`re*li"gion (?), n. [L. irreligio: cf. F. irr\'82ligion. See In- not, and Religion.] The state of being irreligious; want of religion; impiety. Irreligionist Ir`re*li"gion*ist, n. One who is irreligious. Irreligious Ir`re*li"gious (?), a. [L. irreligiosus: cf. F. irr\'82ligieux.] 1. Destitute of religion; not controlled by religious motives or principles; ungodly. Cf. Impiou. Shame and reproach are generally the portion of the impious and irreligious. South. 2. Indicating a want of religion; profane; wicked; as, irreligious speech. Irreligiously Ir`re*li"gious*ly, adv. In an irreligious manner. Irreligiousness Ir`re*li"gious*ness, n. The state or quality of being irreligious; ungodliness. Irremeable Ir*re"me*a*ble (?), a. [L. irremeabilis; pref. ir- not + remeabilis returning, fr. remeare: cf. F. irr\'82m\'82able. See Remeant.] Admitting no return; as, an irremeable way. [Obs.] Dryden. Irremediable Ir`re*me"di*a*ble (?), a. [L. irremediabilis: cf. F. irr\'82m\'82diable. See In- not, and Remediable.] Not to be remedied, corrected, or redressed; incurable; as, an irremediable disease or evil. Irremediableness Ir`re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being irremediable. Irremediably Ir`re*me"di*a*bly, adv. In a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or correction. Irremissible Ir`re*mis"si*ble (?), a. [L. irremissibilis: cf. F. irr\'82missible. See In- not, and Remissible.] Not remissible; unpardonable; as, irremissible crimes. Burke. -- Ir`re*mis"si*ble, n. -- Ir`re*mis"si*bly, adv. Irremission Ir`re*mis"sion (?), n. Refusal of pardon. Irremissive Ir`re*mis"sive (?), a. Not remitting; unforgiving. Irremittable Ir`re*mit"ta*ble (?), a. Not capable of being remitted; irremissible. Holinshed. Irremobability Ir`re*mob`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irremovable; immovableness. Irremovable Ir`re*mov"a*ble (?), a. Not removable; immovable; inflexible. Shak. -- Ir`re*mov"a*bly, adv. Irremoval Ir`re*mov"al (?), n. Absence of removal. Irremunerable Ir`re*mu"ner*a*ble (?), a. [L. irremunerabilis: cf. F. irr\'82mun\'82rable. See Remunerate.] Not remunerable; not capable of remuneration. Irrenowned Ir`re*nowned" (?), a. Not renowned. [Obs.] Irreparability Ir*rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irr\'82parabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being irreparable; irreparableness. Sterne. Irreparable Ir*rep"a*ra*ble (?), a. [L. irreparabilis: cf. F. irr\'82parable. See In- not, and Reparable.] Not reparable; not capable of being repaired, recovered, regained, or remedied; irretrievable; irremediable; as, an irreparable breach; an irreparable loss. Shak. Irreparableness Ir*rep"a*ra*ble*ness, n. Quality of being irreparable. Irreparably Ir*rep"a*ra*bly, adv. In an irreparable manner. Irrepealability Ir`re*peal`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being irrepealable. Irrepealable Ir`re*peal"a*ble (?), a. Not repealable; not capable of being repealed or revoked, as a law. -- Ir`re*peal"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*peal"a*bly, adv. Irrepentance Ir`re*pent"ance (?), n. Want of repentance; impenitence. Bp. Montagu. Irrepleviable, Irreplevisable Ir`re*plev"i*a*ble (?), Ir`re*plev"i*sa*ble (?), a. (Law) Not capable of being replevied. Irreprehensible Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. irreprehensibilis: cf. F. irr\'82pr\'82hensible. See Reprehensible.] Not reprehensible; blameless; innocent. -- Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv. Irrepresentable Ir*rep`re*sent"a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being represented or portrayed. Irrepressible Ir`re*press"i*ble (?), a. Not capable of being repressed, restrained, or controlled; as, irrepressible joy; an irrepressible conflict. W. H. Steward. Irrepressibly Ir`re*press"i*bly, adv. In a manner or to a degree that can not be repressed. Irreproachable Ir`re*proach"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + reproachable: cf. F. irr\'82prochable.] Not reproachable; above reproach; not deserving reproach; blameless. He [Berkely] erred, -- and who is free from error? -- but his intentions were irreproachable. Beattie. Irreproachableness Ir`re*proach"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being irreproachable; integrity; innocence. Irreproachably Ir`re*proach"a*bly, adv. In an irreproachable manner; blamelessly. Irreprovable Ir`re*prov"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being justly reproved; irreproachable; blameless; upright. -- Ir`re*prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ir`re*prov"a*bly, adv. Irreptitious Ir`rep*ti"tious (?), a. [L. irrepere, irreptum, to creep in; pref. ir- in + repere to creep.] Surreptitious; spurious. [Obs.] Dr. Castell (1673). Irreputable Ir*rep"u*ta*ble (?), a. Disreputable. [Obs.] Irresilient Ir`re*sil"i*ent (?), a. Not resilient; not recoiling or rebounding; inelastic. Irresistance Ir`re*sist"ance (?), n. Nonresistance; passive submission. Irresistibility Ir`re*sist`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irr\'82sistibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being irrestible, irresistibleness. Irresistible Ir`re*sist"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + resistible: cf. F. irr\'82sistible.] That can not be successfully resisted or opposed; superior to opposition; resistless; overpowering; as, an irresistible attraction. An irresistible law of our nature impels us to seek happiness. J. M. Mason. Irresistibleness Ir`re*sist"i*ble*ness, n. Quality of being irrestible. Irresistibly Ir`re*sist"i*bly, adv. In an irrestible manner. Irresistless Ir`re*sist"less, a. Irresistible. [Obs.] Glanvill. Irresoluble Ir*res"o*lu*ble (?), a. [L. irresolubilis: cf. F. irr\'82soluble. See Resoluble, and cf. Irresolvable.] 1. Incapable of being dissolved or resolved into parts; insoluble. Boyle. 2. Incapable of being relieved or assisted. [Obs.] The second is in the irresoluble condition of our souls after a known sin committed. Bp. Hall. Irresolubleness Ir*res"o*lu*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being irresoluble; insolubility. Irresolute Ir*res"o*lute (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + resolute: cf. F. irr\'82solu, L. irresolutus not loosened.] Not resolute; not decided or determined; wavering; given to doubt or irresolution. Weak and irresolute is man. Cowper. Syn. -- Wavering; vacillating; undetermined; undecided; unsettled; fickle; changeable; inconstant. -- Ir*res"o*lute*ly, adv. -- Ir*res"o*lute*ness, n. Irresolution Ir*res`o*lu"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. irr\'82solution.] Want of resolution; want of decision in purpose; a fluctuation of mind, as in doubt, or between hope and fear; irresoluteness; indecision; vacillation. Irresolution on the schemes of life which offer themselves to our choice, and inconstancy in pursuing them, are the greatest causes of all unhappiness. Addison. Irresolvability Ir`re*solv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being irresolvable; irresolvableness. Irresolvable Ir`re*solv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + resolvable. Cf. Irresoluble.] Incapable of being resolved; not separable into component parts. Irresolvable nebul\'91 (Astron.), nebul\'91 of a cloudlike appearance, which have not yet been resolved by the telescope into stars.<-- Which are often galaxies: see under Galaxy "the term has recently [1890] been used for remote clusters of stars" --> Sir W. Herschel. Irresolvableness Ir`re*solv"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being irresolvable; irresolvability. Irresolvedly Ir`re*solv"ed*ly, adv. Without settled determination; in a hesitating manner; doubtfully. [R.] Irrespective Ir`re*spec"tive (?), a. 1. Without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences; unbiased; independent; impartial; as, an irrespective judgment. _________________________________________________________________ Page 790 According to this doctrine, it must be resolved wholly into the absolute, irrespective will of God. Rogers. 2. Disrespectful. [Obs.] Sir C. Cornwallis. Irrespective of, regardless of; without regard to; as, irrespective of differences. Irrespectively Ir`re*spec"tive*ly (?), adv. Without regard to conditions; not making circumstances into consideration. Prosperity, considered absolutely and irrespectively, is better and more desirable than adversity. South. Irrespirable Ir*res"pi*ra*ble (?), a. [L. irrespirabilis: cf. F. irrespirable. See Respirable.] Unfit for respiration; not having the qualities necessary to support animal life; as, irrespirable air. Irresponsibility Ir`re*spon`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irresponsabilit\'82.] Want of, or freedom from, responsibility or accountability. Irresponsible Ir`re*spon"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + responsible: cf. F. irresponsable.] 1. Nor responsible; not liable or able to answer fro consequences; innocent. 2. Not to be trusted; unreliable. Irresponsibly Ir`re*spon"si*bly, adv. So as not to be responsible. Irresponsive Ir`re*spon"sive (?), a. Not responsive; not able, ready, or inclined to respond. Irresuscitable Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*ble (?), a. Incapable of being resuscitated or revived. -- Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*bly, adv. Irretention Ir`re*ten"tion (?), n. Want of retaining power; forgetfulness. De Quincey. Irretentive Ir`re*ten"tive (?), a. Not retentive; as, an irretentive memory. Irretraceable Ir`re*trace"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being retraced; not retraceable. Irretractile Ir`re*tract"ile (?), a. 1. Not retractile. 2. Not tractile or ductile. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton. Irretrievable Ir`re*triev"a*ble (?), a. Not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable; as, an irretrievable loss. Syn. -- Irremediable; incurable; irrecoverable. Irretrievableness Ir`re*triev"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being irretrievable. Irretrievably Ir`re*triev"a*bly, adv. In an irretrievable manner. Irreturnable Ir`re*turn"a*ble (?), a. Not to be returned. Irrevealable Ir`re*veal"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being revealed. -- Ir`re*veal"a*bly, adv. Irreverence Ir*rev"er*ence (?), n. [L. irreverentia: cf. F. irr\'82v\'82rence.] The state or quality of being irreverent; want of proper reverence; disregard of the authority and character of a superior. Irreverend Ir*rev"er*end (?), a. Irreverent. [Obs.] Immodest speech, or irreverend gesture. Strype. Irreverent Ir*rev"er*ent (?), a. [L. irreverens, -entis: cf. F. irr\'82v\'82rent. See In- not, and Reverent.] Not reverent; showing a want of reverence; expressive of a want of veneration; as, an irreverent babbler; an irreverent jest. Irreverently Ir*rev"er*ent*ly, adv. In an irreverent manner. Irreversibility Ir`re*vers`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being irreversible; irreversibleness. Irreversible Ir`re*vers"i*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backward; as, an irreversible engine. 2. Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled; as, an irreversible sentence or decree. This rejection of the Jews, as it is not universal, so neither is it final and irreversible. Jortin. Syn. -- Irrevocable; irrepealable; unchangeable. Irreversibleness Ir`re*vers"i*ble*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being irreversible. Irreversibly Ir`re*vers"i*bly, adv. In an irreversible manner. Irrevocability Ir*rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. irr\'82vocabilit\'82.] The state or quality of being irrevocable; irrevocableness. Irrevocable Ir*rev"o*ca*ble (?), a. [L. irrevocabilis: cf. F. irr\'82vocable. See In- not, and Revoke, and cf. Irrevocable.] Incapable of being recalled or revoked; unchangeable; irreversible; unalterable; as, an irrevocable promise or decree; irrevocable fate. Firm and irrevocable is my doom. Shak. -- Ir*rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Ir*rev"o*ca*bly, adv. Irrevokable Ir`re*vok"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + revoke.] Irrevocable. [R.] Irrevoluble Ir*rev"o*lu*ble (?), a. That has no finite period of revolution; not revolving. [R.] The dateless and irrevocable circle of eternity. Milton. Irrhetorical Ir`rhe*tor"ic*al (?), a. Not rethorical. Irrigate Ir"ri*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irrigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irrigating (?).] [L. irrigatus, p. p. of irrigare to irrigate: ir- in + rigare to water; prob. akin to E. rain. See Rain.] 1. To water; to wet; to moisten with running or dropping water; to bedew. 2. (Agric.) To water, as land, by causing a stream to flow upon, over, or through it, as in artificial channels. Irrigation Ir`ri*ga"tion (?), n. [L. irrigatio: cf. F. irrigation.] The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants. Irriguous Ir*rig"u*ous (?), a. [L. irriguus. See Irrigate.] 1. Watered; watery; moist; dewy. [Obs.] The flowery lap Of some irriguous valley spreads her store. Milton. 2. Gently penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] J. Philips. Irrisible Ir*ris"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. ir- not + risible. See Irrision.] Not risible. [R.] Irrision Ir*ri"sion (?), n. [L. irrisio, fr. irridere, irrisum. to laugh at; pref. ir- in + ridere to laugh: cf. F. irrision.] The act of laughing at another; derision. This being spoken sceptic\'8a, or by way of irrision. Chapman. Irritability Ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. irritabilitas: cf. F. irritabilit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability; petulance; fretfulness; as, irritability of temper. 2. (Physiol.) A natural susceptibility, characteristic of all living organisms, tissues, and cells, to the influence of certain stimuli, response being manifested in a variety of ways, -- as that quality in plants by which they exhibit motion under suitable stimulation; esp., the property which living muscle processes, of responding either to a direct stimulus of its substance, or to the stimulating influence of its nerve fibers, the response being indicated by a change of form, or contraction; contractility. 3. (Med.) A condition of morbid excitability of an organ or part of the body; undue susceptibility to the influence of stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3. Irritable Ir"ri*ta*ble (?), a. [L. irritabilis: cf. F. irritable. See Irritate.] 1. Capable of being irriated. 2. Very susceptible of anger or passion; easily inflamed or exasperated; as, an irritable temper. Vicious, old, and irritable. Tennyson. 3. (Physiol.) Endowed with irritability; susceptible of irritation; capable of being excited to action by the application of certain stimuli. 4. (Med.) Susceptible of irritation; unduly sensitive to irritants or stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3. Syn. -- Excitable; irascible; touchy; fretful; peevish. Irritableness Ir"ri*ta*ble*ness, n. Irritability. Irritably Ir"ri*ta*bly, adv. In an irritable manner. Irritancy Ir"ri*tan*cy (?), n. [From 1st Irritant.] (Scots Law) The state or quality of being null and void; invalidity; forfeiture. Burrill. Irritancy Ir"ri*tan*cy, n. [From 2d Irritant.] The state o quality of being irritant or irritating. Irritant Ir"ri*tant (?), a. [LL. irritants, -antis, p. pr. of irritare to make null, fr. L. irritus void; pref. ir- not + ratus established.] (Scots Law) Rendering null and void; conditionally invalidating. The states elected Harry, Duke of Anjou, for their king, with this clause irritant; that, if he did violate any part of his oath, the people should owe him no allegiance. Hayward. Irritant Ir"ri*tant, a. [L. irritans, -antis, p. pr. of irritare: cf. F. irritant. See Irritate to excite.] Irritating; producing irritation or inflammation. Irritant Ir"ri*tant, n. [Cf. F. irritant.] 1. That which irritates or excites. 2. (Physiol. & Med.) Any agent by which irritation is produced; as, a chemical irritant; a mechanical or electrical irritant. 3. (Toxicology) A poison that produces inflammation. Counter irritant. See under Counter. -- Pure irritant (Toxicology), a poison that produces inflammation without any corrosive action upon the tissues. Irritate Ir"ri*tate (?), v. t. [See 1 st Irritant.] To render null and void. [R.] Abp. Bramhall. Irritate Ir"ri*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irritated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irritating (?).] [L. irritatus, p. p. of irritare. Of doubtful origin.] 1. To increase the action or violence of; to heighten excitement in; to intensify; to stimulate. Cold maketh the spirits vigorous and irritateth them. Bacon. 2. To excite anger or displeasure in; to provoke; to tease; to exasperate; to annoy; to vex; as, the insolence of a tyrant irritates his subjects. Dismiss the man, nor irritate the god: Prevent the rage of him who reigns above. Pope. 3. (Physiol.) To produce irritation in; to stimulate; to cause to contract. See Irritation, n., 2. 4. (Med.) To make morbidly excitable, or oversensitive; to fret; as, the skin is irritated by friction; to irritate a wound by a coarse bandage. Syn. -- To fret; inflame; excite; provoke; tease; vex; exasperate; anger; incense; enrage. -- To Irritate, Provoke, Exasperate. These words express different stages of excited or angry feeling. Irritate denotes an excitement of quick and slightly angry feeling which is only momentary; as, irritated by a hasty remark. To provoke implies the awakening of some open expression of decided anger; as, a provoking insult. Exasperate denotes a provoking of anger at something unendurable. Whatever comes across our feelings irritates; whatever excites anger provokes; whatever raises anger to a high point exasperates. "Susceptible and nervous people are most easily irritated; proud people are quickly provoked; hot and fiery people are soonest exasperated." Crabb. Irritate Ir"ri*tate (?), a. Excited; heightened. [Obs.] Irritation Ir`ri*ta"tion (?), n. [L. irritatio: cf. F. irritation.] 1. The act of irritating, or exciting, or the state of being irritated; excitement; stimulation, usually of an undue and uncomfortable kind; especially, excitement of anger or passion; provocation; annoyance; anger. The whole body of the arts and sciences composes one vast machinery for the irritation and development of the human intellect. De Quincey. 2. (Physiol.) The act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to action, by stimulation; -- as, the condition of an organ of sense, when its nerve is affected by some external body; esp., the act of exciting muscle fibers to contraction, by artificial stimulation; as, the irritation of a motor nerve by electricity; also, the condition of a muscle and nerve, under such stimulation. 3. (Med.) A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action. Irritative Ir"ri*ta*tive (?), a. 1. Serving to excite or irritate; irritating; as, an irritative agent. 2. Accompanied with, or produced by, increased action or irritation; as, an irritative fever. E. Darwin. Irritatory Ir"ri*ta*to*ry (?), a. Exciting; producing irritation; irritating. [R.] Hales. Irrorate Ir"ro*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irrorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Irrorating.] [L. irroratus, p. p. of irrorare to bedew; pref. ir- in + ros, roris, dew.] To sprinkle or moisten with dew; to bedew. [Obs.] Irrorate Ir"ro*rate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Covered with minute grains, appearing like fine sand. Irroration Ir`ro*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. irroration.] The act of bedewing; the state of being moistened with de [Obs.] Chambers. Irrotational Ir`ro*ta"tion*al (?), a. (Physics) Not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement other than rotation; -- said of the movement of parts of a liquid or yielding mass. Sir W. Thomson. Irrubrical Ir*ru"bric*al (?), a. Contrary to the rubric; not rubrical. Irrugate Ir"ru*gate (?), v. t. [L. irrugatus, p. p. of irrugare to wrinkle.] To wrinkle. [Obs.] Irrupted Ir*rupt"ed (?), a. [L. irruptus, p. p. of irrumpere to break in; pref. ir- in + rumpere to break or burst. See Rupture.] Broken with violence. Irruption Ir*rup"tion (?), n. [L. irruptio: cf. F. irruption. See Irrupted.] 1. A bursting in; a sudden, violent rushing into a place; as, irruptions of the sea. Lest evil tidings, with too rude irruption Hitting thy aged ear, should pierce too deep. Milton. 2. A sudden and violent inroad, or entrance of invaders; as, the irruptions of the Goths into Italy. Addison. Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; inroad. See Invasion. Irruptive Ir*rup"tive (?), a. Rushing in or upon. Irvingite Ir"ving*ite (?), n. (Eccl.) The common designation of one a sect founded by the Rev. Edward Irving (about 1830), who call themselves the Catholic Apostolic Church. They are highly ritualistic in worship, have an elaborate hierarchy of apostles, prophets, etc., and look for the speedy coming of Christ. Is- Is- (?). See Iso-. Is Is (?), v. i. [AS. is; akin to G. & Goth. ist, L. est, Gr. asti. . Cf. Am, Entity, Essence, Absent.] The third person singular of the substantive verb be, in the indicative mood, present tense; as, he is; he is a man. See Be. NOTE: &hand; In so me va rieties of th e No rthern dialect of Old English, is was used for all persons of the singular. For thy is I come, and eke Alain. Chaucer. Aye is thou merry. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Th e idiom of using the present for future events sure to happen is a relic of Old English in which the present and future had the same form; as, this year Christmas is on Friday. To-morrow is the new moon. 1 Sam. xx. 5. Isabel, n., Isabel color Is"a*bel (?), n., Is"a*bel col"or (?).[F. isabelle.] See Isabella. Isabella, n., Isabella color Is`a*bel"la (?), n., Is`a*bel"la col"or (?). [Said to be named from the Spanish princess Isabella, daughter of king Philip II., in allusion to the color assumed by her shift, which she wore without change from 1601 to 1604, in consequence of a vow made by her.] A brownish yellow color. Isabella grape Is`a*bel"la grape` (?). (Bot.) A favorite sweet American grape of a purple color. See Fox grape, under Fox. Isabella moth Is`a*bel"la moth` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.) A common American moth (Pyrrharctia isabella), of an isabella color. The larva, called woolly bear and hedgehog caterpillar, is densely covered with hairs, which are black at each end of the body, and red in the middle part. Isabelline Is`a*bel"line (?), a. Of an isabel or isabella color. Isagelous &imac;s&acr;g&ecr;l&ucr;s, a. [Is- + Gr. agelos information.] Containing the same information, as isagelous sentences. The coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are completely isagelous. Bacon The complementary strands have isagelous sequences. J. D. Watson. -- Isagel I*sag"e*lous (&imac;*s&acr;g"&ecr;*l&ucr;s), a. [Is- + Gr. a`gelos information.] Containing the same information, as isagelous sentences. "The coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are completely isagelous." Bacon "The complementary strands have isagelous sequences." J. D. Watson. -- Is"a*gel n. One of two or more objects containing the same information. Isagoge I"sa*goge (?), n. [L., fr. Fr. An introduction. [Obs.] Harris. Isagogic, Isagogical I"sa*gog"ic (?), I"sa*gog"ic*al (?), a. [L. isagogicus, Gr. Introductory; especially, introductory to the study of theology. Isagogics I"sa*gog"ics (?), n. (Theol.) That part of theological science directly preliminary to actual exegesis, or interpretation of the Scriptures. Isagon I"sa*gon (?), n. [Gr. isagone, a.] (Math.) A figure or polygon whose angles are equal. Isapostolic Is*ap`os*tol"ic (?), a. [Gr. Having equal, or almost equal, authority with the apostles of their teachings. Isatic, Isatinic I*sat"ic (?), I`sa*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, isatin; as, isatic acid, which is also called trioxindol. Isatide I"sa*tide (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by the partial reduction of isatin. [Written also isatyde.] Isatin I"sa*tin (?), n. [See Isatis.] (Chem.) An orange-red crystalline substance, C8H5NO2, obtained by the oxidation of indigo blue. It is also produced from certain derivatives of benzoic acid, and is one important source of artificial indigo. [Written also, less properly, isatine.] Isatis I"sa*tis (?; 277), n. [L., a kind of plant, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of herbs, some species of which, especially the Isatis tinctoria, yield a blue dye similar to indigo; woad. Isatogen I*sat"o*gen (?), n. [Isatin + -gen.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous radical, C8H4NO2, regarded as the essential residue of a series of compounds, related to isatin, which easily pass by reduction to indigo blue. -- I*sat`o*gen"ic (#), a. Isatropic I`sa*trop"ic (?), a. [Is- + atropine.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine, and isomeric with cinnamic acid. Ischias Is"chi*as (?), a. (Anat.) See Ischial. Ischiadic Is`chi*ad"ic (?), a. [L. ischiadicus, Gr. Sciatic.] (Anat.) Ischial. [R.] Ischiadic passion OR disease (Med.), a rheumatic or neuralgic affection of some part about the hip joint; -- called also sciatica. Ischial Is"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ischium or hip; ischiac; ischiadic; ischiatic. Ischial callosity (Zo\'94l.), one of the patches of thickened hairless, and often bright-colored skin, on the buttocks of many apes, as the drill. _________________________________________________________________ Page 791 Ischiatic Is`chi*at"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Ishial. Ischiocapsular Is`chi*o*cap"su*lar (?; 135) a. [Ischium + capsular.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ischium and the capsule of the hip joint; as, the ischiocapsular ligament. Ischiocerite Is`chi*o*ce"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The third joint or the antenn\'91 of the Crustacea. Ischion, Ischium Is"chi*on (?), Is"chi*um (?), n. [L., Gr. 1. (Anat.) The ventral and posterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; seat bone; the huckle bone. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the pleur\'91 of insects. Ischiopodite Is`chi*op"o*dite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The third joint of the typical appendages of Crustacea. Ischiorectal Is`chi*o*rec"tal (?), a. [Ischium + rectal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the region between the rectum and ishial tuberosity. Ischuretic Is`chu*ret"ic (?), a. Having the quality of relieving ischury. -- n. An ischuretic medicine. Ischury Is"chu*ry (?), n. [L. ischuria, Gr. ischurie.] (Med.) A retention or suppression of urine. -ise -ise (?). See -ize. Isentropic I`sen*trop"ic (?), a. [Is- + entropy + -ic.] (Physics) Having equal entropy. Isentropic lines, lines which pass through points having equal entropy. Isethionic I*seth`i*on"ic (?), a. [Is- + ethionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid, HO.C2H4.SO3H, obtained as an oily or crystalline substance, by the action of sulphur trioxide on alcohol or ether. It is derivative of sulphuric acid. -ish -ish (?). [AS. -isc; akin to G. -isch, OHG. -isc, Goth. & Dan. -isk, Gr. -esque.] A suffix used to from adjectives from nouns and from adjectives. It denotes relation, resemblance, similarity, and sometimes has a diminutive force; as, selfish, boyish, brutish; whitish, somewhat white. -ish -ish. [OE. -issen, fr. F. -is, -iss- (found in the present particle, etc., of certain verbs, as finir to finish, fleurir to flourish), corresponding to L. -escere, an inchoative ending.] A verb ending, originally appearing in certain verbs of French origin; as, abolish, cherish, finish, furnish, garnish, impoverish. Ishmaelite Ish"ma*el*ite (?), n. 1. A descendant of Ishmael (the son of Abraham and Hagar), of whom it was said, "His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him." Gen. xvi. 12. 2. One at enmity with society; a wanderer; a vagabond; an outcast. Thackeray. 3. See Ismaelian. Ishmaelitish Ish"ma*el*i`tish (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an Ishmaelite or the Ishmaelites. Isiac I"si*ac (?), a. [L. Isiacus, Gr. Pertaining to the goddess Isis; as, Isiac mysteries. Isicle I"si*cle (?), n. A icicle. [Obs.] Isidorian Is`i*do"ri*an (?), a. Pertaining, or ascribed, to Isidore; as, the Isidorian decretals, a spurious collection of decretals published in the ninth century. Isinglass I"sin*glass (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. D. huizenblas (akin to G. hausenblase), lit., bladder of the huso, or large sturgeon; huizen sturgeon + blas bladder. Cf. Bladder, Blast a gust of wind.] 1. A semitransparent, whitish, and very pure from of gelatin, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of sturgeons (as the Acipenser huso) found in the of Western Russia. It used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. Cheaper forms of gelatin are not unfrequently so called. Called also fish glue. 2. (Min.) A popular name for mica, especially when in thin sheets. Isis I"sis (?), n. [L., the goddess Isis, fr. Gr. 1. (Myth.) The principal goddess worshiped by the Egyptians. She was regarded as the mother of Horus, and the sister and wife of Osiris. The Egyptians adored her as the goddess of fecundity, and as the great benefactress of their country, who instructed their ancestors in the art of agriculture. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any coral of the genus Isis, or family Isid\'91, composed of joints of white, stony coral, alternating with flexible, horny joints. See Gorgoniacea. 3. (Astron.) One of the asteroids. Islam Is"lam (?), n. [Ar. isl\'bem obedience to the will of God, submission, humbling one's self, resigning one's self to the divine disposal. Cf. Moslem.] 1. The religion of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islamism. Their formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet. 2. The whole body of Mohammedans, or the countries which they occupy. Islamism Is"lam*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. islamisme.] The faith, doctrines, or religious system of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islam. Islamite Is"lam*ite (?), n. A Mohammedan. Islamitic Is`lam*it"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Islam; Mohammedan. Islamize Is"lam*ize (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Islamized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Islamizing (?).] To conform, or cause to conform, to the religion of Islam. Island Is"land (?), n. [OE. iland, yland, AS. \'c6gland, , ; \'c6g, , island + land, lond, land. AS. \'c6g, , is akin to AS. e\'a0 water, river, OHG. , G. au meadow, Icel. ey island, Dan. & Sw. \'94, Goth. ahwa a stream, water, L. aqua water. The s is due to confusion with isle. Cf. Ait, Eyot, Ewer, Aquatic.] 1. A tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent. Cf. Continent. 2. Anything regarded as resembling an island; as, an island of ice. 3. (Zo\'94l.) See Isle, n., 2. Islands of the blessed (Myth.), islands supposed to lie in the Western Ocean, where the favorites of the gods are conveyed at death, and dwell in everlasting joy. Island Is"land (?), v. t. 1. To cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or islands of; to isle. Shelley. 2. To furnish with an island or with islands; as, to island the deep. Southey. Islander Is"land*er (?), n. An inhabitant of an island. Islandy Is"land*y (?), a. Of or pertaining to islands; full of islands. Cotgrave. Isle Isle (?), n. [Obs.] See Aisle. Isle Isle (?), n. [OF. isle, F. \'8cle, L. insula; cf. Lith. sala. Cf. Insulate.] 1. An island. [Poetic] Imperial rule of all the seagirt isles. Milton. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A spot within another of a different color, as upon the wings of some insects. Isle Isle, v. t. To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island. [Poetic] Isled in sudden seas of light. Tennyson. Islet Is"let (?), n. [OF. islette (cf. F. \'8clot), dim. of isle.] A little island. -ism -ism (?). [F. -isme, or L. -ismus, Gr. A suffix indicating an act, a process, the result of an act or a process, a state; also, a characteristic (as a theory, doctrine, idiom, etc.); as, baptism, galvanism, organism, hypnotism, socialism, sensualism, Anglicism. Ism Ism, n. [See ism, above.] A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory. E. Everett. The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of isms which no man can number. S. G. Goodrich. Ismaelian, Ismaelite Is`ma*e"li*an (?), Is"ma*el*ite (?), n. (Eccl.) One of a sect of Mohammedans who favored the pretensions of the family of Mohammed ben Ismael, of the house Ali. Iso-, Is- I"so- (?), Is- (?).[Gr. 'i`sos equal.] A prefix or combining form, indicating identity, or equality; the same numerical value; as in isopod, isomorphous, isochromatic. Specif.: (a) (Chem.) Applied to certain compounds having the same composition but different properties; as in isocyanic. (b) (Organic Chem.) Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with neo- and normal; as in isoparaffine; isopentane. Isobar I"so*bar (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line. [Written also isobare.] Isobaric I`so*bar"ic (?), a. (Phys. Geog.) Denoting equal pressure; as, an isobaric line; specifically, of or pertaining to isobars. Isobar I"so*bar (?), n. The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science. Isobarometric I`so*bar`o*met"ric (?), a. [Iso + barometric.] (Phys. Geog.) Indicating equal barometric pressure. Isobathytherm I`so*bath"y*therm (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting the points on the surface of the earth where a certain temperature is found at the same depth. Isobathythermic I`so*bath"y*ther"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an isobathytherm; possessing or indicating the same temperature at the same depth. Isocephalism I`so*ceph"a*lism (?), n. [From Gr. Iso-, and Cephalon.] (Art) A peculiarity in the design of bas-relief by which the heads of human figures are kept at the same height from the ground, whether the personages are seated, standing, or mounted on horseback; -- called also isokephaleia. Isochasm I"so*chasm (?), n. [Iso- + chasm.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting places on the earth's surface at which there is the same mean frequency of auroras. Isochasmic I`so*chas"mic (?), a. Indicating equal auroral display; as, an isochasmic line. Isocheim I"so*cheim (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting places on the earth having the same mean winter temperature. Cf. Isothere. Isocheimal, Isochimal I`so*chei"mal, I`so*chi"mal (?), a. Pertaining to, having the nature of, or making, isocheims; as, an isocheimal line; an isocheimal chart. Isocheimenal, Isochimenal I`so*chei"me*nal (?), I`so*chi"me*nal a. The same as Isocheimal. Isocheimic I`so*chei"mic (?), a. The same as Isocheimal. Isochimene I`so*chi"mene (?), n. The same as Isocheim. Isochromatic I`so*chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Iso- + chromatic.] (Opt.) Having the same color; connecting parts having the same color, as lines drawn through certain points in experiments on the chromatic effects of polarized light in crystals. Isochronal I*soch"ro*nal (?), a. [See Isochronous.] Uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times; recurring at regular intervals; isochronal vibrations or oscillations. Isochronic I`so*chron"ic (?), a. Isochronal. Isochronism I*soch"ro*nism (?), n. The state or quality of being isochronous. Isochronon I*soch"ro*non (?), n. [NL. See Isochronous.] A clock that is designed to keep very accurate time. Isochronous I*soch"ro*nous (?), a. [Gr. Same as Isochronal. Isochroous I*soch"ro*ous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. Having the same tint or color throughout; uniformly or evenly colored. Isoclinal, Isoclinic I`so*cli"nal (?), I`so*clin"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. Of or pertaining to, or indicating, equality of inclination or dip; having equal inclination or dip. Isoclinal lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which a dipping needle indicates the same inclination or dip. Isocrymal I`so*cry"mal (?), a. (Phys. Geog.) Pertaining to, having the nature of, or illustrating, an isocryme; as, an isocrymal line; an isocrymal chart. Isocryme I"so*cryme (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean temperature in the coldest month of the year. Isocrymic I`so*crym"ic (?), a. Isocrymal. Isocyanic I`so*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Iso- + cyanic.] (Chem.) Designating an acid isomeric with cyanic acid. Isocyanic acid, an acid metameric with cyanic acid, and resembling it in its salts. It is obtained as a colorless, mobile, unstable liquid by the heating cyanuric acid. Called technically carbimide. Isocyanuric I`so*cy`a*nu"ric (?), a. [Iso- + cyanuric.] (Chem.) Designating, or pertaining to, an acid isomeric with cyanuric acid, and called also fulminuric acid. See under Fulminuric. Isodiabatic I`so*di`a*bat"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. (Physics) Pertaining to the reception or the giving out of equal quantities of heat by a substance. Rankine. Isodiabatic lines OR curves, a pair of lines or curves exhibiting, on a diagram of energy, the law of variation of the pressure and density of a fluid, the one during the lowering, and the other during the raising, of its temperature, when the quantity of heat given out by the fluid during any given stage of the one process is equal to the quantity received during the corresponding stage of the other. Such lines are said to be isodiabatic with respect to each other. Compare Adiabatic. Isodiametric I`so*di`a*met"ric (?), a. [Iso- + diametric.] 1. (Crystallog.) Developed alike in the directions of the several lateral axes; -- said of crystals of both the tetragonal and hexagonal systems. 2. (Bot.) Having the several diameters nearly equal; -- said of the cells of ordinary parenchyma. Isodimorphic I`so*di*mor"phic (?), a. [Iso- + dimorphic.] Isodimorphous. Isodimorphism I`so*di*mor"phism (?), n. Isomorphism between the two forms severally of two dimorphous substances. Isodimorphous I`so*di*mor"phous (?), a. [Iso- + dimorphous.] Having the quality of isodimorphism. Isodulcite I`so*dul"cite (?), n. [Iso- + dulcite.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, sugarlike substance, obtained by the decomposition of certain glucosides, and intermediate in nature between the hexacid alcohols (ductile, mannite, etc.) and the glucoses. Isodynamic I`so*dy*nam"ic (?), a. [Iso- + dynamic.] Of, pertaining to, having, or denoting, equality of force. Isodynamic foods (Physiol.), those foods that produce a similar amount of heat. -- Isodynamic lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which the magnetic intensity is the same. Isodynamous I`so*dy"na*mous (?), a. [Gr. Isodynamic.] Of equal force or size. Isogeotherm I`so*ge"o*therm (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. gh^ the earth + qe`rmh heat.] (Phys. Geog.) A line or curved surface passing beneath the earth's surface through points having the same mean temperature. Isogeothermal, Isogeothermic I`so*ge`o*ther"mal (?), I`so*ge`o*ther"mic (?), a. Pertaining to, having the nature of, or marking, isogeotherms; as, an isogeothermal line or surface; as isogeothermal chart. -- n. An isogeotherm. Isogonic I`so*gon"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. Pertaining to, or noting, equal angles. Isogonic lines (Magnetism), lines traced on the surface of the globe, or upon a chart, connecting places at which the deviation of the magnetic needle from the meridian or true north is the same. Isogonic I`so*gon"ic, a. (Zo\'94l.) Characterized by isogonism. Isogonism I*sog"o*nism (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The quality of having similar sexual zooids or gonophores and dissimilar hydrants; -- said of certain hydroids. Isographic I`so*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to isography. Isography I*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Iso- + -graphy.] Imitation of another's handwriting, Isohyetose I`so*hy"e*tose` (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. "yeto`s rain.] (Phys. Geog.) Of or pertaining to lines connecting places on the earth's surface which have a mean annual rainfall. -- n. An isohyetose line.<-- = isohyet (in MW10) lines with equal rainfall. --> <-- ##sic in original -- should be the *same* mean rainfall? --> Isolable I"so*la*ble (?), a. [See Isolate.] (Chem.) Capable of being isolated, or of being obtained in a pure state; as, gold is isolable. Isolate I"so*late (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Isolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Isolating (?).] [It. isolato, p. p. of isolare to isolate, fr. isola island, L. insula. See 2d Isle, and cf. Insulate.] 1. To place in a detached situation; to place by itself or alone; to insulate; to separate from others. Short isolated sentences were the mode in which ancient wisdom delighted to convey its precepts. Bp. Warburton. 2. (Elec.) To insulate. See Insulate. 3. (Chem.) To separate from all foreign substances; to make pure; to obtain in a free state. Isolated I"so*la`ted (?), a. Placed or standing alone; detached; separated from others. Isolated point of a curve. (Geom.) See Acnode. Isolatedly I"so*la`ted*ly (?), adv. In an isolated manner. Isolation I`so*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. isolation.] The act of isolating, or the state of being isolated; insulation; separation; loneliness. Milman. _________________________________________________________________ Page 792 Isolator I"so*la`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, isolates. Isologous I*sol"o*gous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. (Chem.) Having similar proportions, similar relations, or similar differences of composition; -- said specifically of groups or series which differ by a constant difference; as, ethane, ethylene, an acetylene, or their analogous compounds, form an isologous series. Isomer I"so*mer, n. [See Isomeric.] (Chem.) A body or compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a member of an isomeric series. Isomeric I`so*mer"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. isom\'82rique.] (Chem.) Having the same percentage composition; -- said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif.: (a) Polymeric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and benzine are isomeric (polymeric) with each other in this sense. See Polymeric. (b) Metameric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but which a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts; as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are isomeric (metameric) with each other in this sense. See Metameric. Isomeride I*som"er*ide (?), n. (Chem.) An isomer. [R.] Isomerism I*som"er*ism (?), n. (Chem.) The state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric substances. Physical isomerism (Chem.), the condition or relation of certain (metameric) substances, which, while chemically identical (in that they have the same composition, the same molecular weights, and the same ultimate constitution), are yet physically different, as in their action on polarized light, as dextro- and l\'91vo-tartaric acids. In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon atom. See Unsymmetrical.<-- "metamerism" is no longer used, and "isomerism" is generally applied to this conept. including optical isomerism, the property of optical isomers --> Isomeromorphism I`so*mer`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Isomer + Gr. ism.] (Crystallog.) Isomorphism between substances that are isomeric. Isometric, Isometrical I`so*met"ric (?), I`so*met"ric*al (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. 1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, equality of measure. 2. (Crystallog.) Noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each other; monometric; regular; cubic. Cf. Crystallization. Isometric lines (Thermodynamics), lines representing in a diagram the relations of pressure and temperature in a gas, when the volume remains constant. -- Isometrical perspective. See under Perspective. -- Isometrical projection, a species of orthographic projection, in which but a single plane of projection is used. It is so named from the fact that the projections of three equal lines, parallel respectively to three rectangular axes, are equal to one another. This kind of projection is principally used in delineating buildings or machinery, in which the principal lines are parallel to three rectangular axes, and the principal planes are parallel to three rectangular planes passing through the three axes. Isomorph I"so*morph (?), n. [See Isomorphous.] A substance which is similar to another in crystalline form and composition. Isomorphic I`so*mor"phic (?), a. Isomorphous. Isomorphism I`so*mor"phism (?), n. [Cf. F. isomorphisme.] (Crystallog.) A similarity of crystalline form between substances of similar composition, as between the sulphates of barium (BaSO4) and strontium (SrSO4). It is sometimes extended to include similarity of form between substances of unlike composition, which is more properly called hom\'d2omorphism. <-- (math): see isomorphic --> Isomorphous I`so*mor"phous (?), a. [Iso- + -morphous.] Having the quality of isomorphism. Isonandra I`so*nan"dra (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.) A genus of sapotaceous trees of India. Isonandra Gutta is the principal source of gutta-percha. Isonephelic I`so*ne*phel"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.) Having, or indicating, an equal amount of cloudiness for a given period; as, isonephelic regions; an isonephelic line. Isonicotine I`so*nic"o*tine (?), n. [Iso- + nicotine.] (Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous base, C10H14N2, isomeric with nicotine. Isonicotinic I`so*nic`o*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or derived from, isonicotine. (b) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid isomeric with nicotinic acid. Isonitroso- I`so*ni*tro"so- (?). [Iso- + nitroso-.] (Chem.) A combining from (also used adjectively), signifying: Pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic, nitrogenous radical, NOH, called the isonitroso group. Isonomic I`so*nom"ic (?), a. [Gr. The same, or equal, in law or right; one in kind or origin; analogous; similar. Dana. Isonomy I*son"o*my (?), n. [Gr. isonomie. See Isonomic.] Equal law or right; equal distribution of rights and privileges; similarity. Isopathy I*sop"a*thy (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Med.) (a) The system which undertakes to cure a disease by means of the virus of the same disease. (b) The theory of curing a diseased organ by eating the analogous organ of a healthy animal. Mayne. (c) The doctrine that the power of therapeutics is equal to that of the causes of disease. Isopepsin I`so*pep"sin (?), n. [Iso- + pepsin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40° to 60° C. Isoperimetrical I`so*per`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Gr. isop\'82rim\'8atre. See Perimeter.] (Geom.) Having equal perimeters of circumferences; as, isoperimetrical figures or bodies. Isoperimetry I`so*per*im"e*try (?), n. (Geom.) The science of figures having equal perimeters or boundaries. Isopiestic I`so*pi*es"tic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. (Thermodynamics) Having equal pressure. Isopiestic lines, lines showing, in a diagram, the relations of temperature and volume, when the elastic force is constant; -- called also isobars. Isopleura I`so*pleu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Iso-, and Pleura.] (Zo\'94l.) A subclass of Gastropoda, in which the body is symmetrical, the right and left sides being equal. NOTE: &hand; Th e in testine terminates at the posterior end of the body, and the gills and circulatory and reproductive organs are paired. It includes the chitons (Polyplacophora), together with Neomenia and Ch\'91toderma, which are wormlike forms without a shell. Isopod I"so*pod (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the legs similar in structure; belonging to the Isopoda. -- n. One of the Isopoda. Isopoda I*sop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Iso-, and -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of sessile-eyed Crustacea, usually having seven pairs of legs, which are all similar in structure. NOTE: &hand; Th e bo dy is us ually de pressed, with the abdominal segments short, and often consolidated in part. The branchi\'91 are on the abdominal appendages. The group includes the terrestrial pill bugs and sow bugs, with numerous marine forms. See Arthrostrata, Gribble. Isopodiform I`so*pod"i*form (?), a. [Isopod + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the shape of an isopod; -- said of the larv\'91 of certain insects. Isopodous I*sop"o*dous (?), a. Same as Isopod. Isopogonous I`so*pog"o*nous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the two webs equal in breath; -- said of feathers. Isoprene I"so*prene (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.) An oily, volatile hydrocarbon, obtained by the distillation of caoutchouc or guttaipercha.<-- C5H8 -- unsaturated, and used to make synthetic rubber by polymerization. In organic chemistry, viewed conceptually as the building block of the terpene series of hydrocarbons --> Isopycnic I`so*pyc"nic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. pykno`s dense.] (Physics) Having equal density, as different regions of a medium; passing through points at which the density is equal; as, an isopycnic line or surface. Isopycnic I`so*pyc"nic, n. (Physics) A line or surface passing through those points in a medium, at which the density is the same. Isorcin I*sor"cin (?), n. [Iso- + orcin.] (Chem.) A crystalline hydrocarbon derivative, metameric with orcin, but produced artificially; -- called also cresorcin. Isorropic I`sor*rop"ic (?), a. [Gr. 'iso`rropos in equipoise; 'i`sos equal + "roph` downward inclination or momentum.] Of equal value. Isorropic line (in a diagram) (Geom.), the locus of all the points for which a specified function has a constant value. Newcomb. Isosceles I*sos"ce*les (?), a. [L., fr. Gr. 'i`sos equal + (Geom.) Having two legs or sides that are equal; -- said of a triangle. Isospondyli I`so*spon"dy*li (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'i`sos equal + (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of fishes, including the salmons, herrings, and many allied forms. Isospondylous I`so*spon"dy*lous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Isospondyli; having the anterior vertebr\'91 separate and normal. Isosporic I`so*spor"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.) Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns and Equiseta. Cf. Heterosporic. Isostemonous I`so*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.) Having exactly as many stamens as petals. Isostemony I`so*stem"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The quality or state of being isostemonous. Isosulphocyanate I`so*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of isosulphocyanic acid. Isosulphocyanic I`so*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, HNCS, isomeric with sulphocyanic acid. Isotheral I*soth"er*al (?), a. Having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution of temperature by means of an isothere; as, an isotheral chart or line. Isothere I"so*there (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean summer temperature. Isotherm I"so*therm (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface having the same temperature. This may be the temperature for a given time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other period. Also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature in the ocean. Isothermal I`so*ther"mal (?), a. [Cf. F. isotherme.] (a) Relating to equality of temperature. (b) (Phys. Geog.) Having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal line; an isothermal chart. Isothermal line. (a) An isotherm. (b) A line drawn on a diagram of energy such that its ordinates represent the pressures of a substance corresponding to various volumes, while the absolute temperature is maintained at a constant value. -- Isothermal zones, spaces on opposite sides of the equator having the same mean temperature, and bounded by corresponding isothermal lines. Isothermobath I`so*ther"mo*bath (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog) A line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean. Isothermobathic I`so*ther`mo*bath"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean. Isotherombrose I*soth`er*om"brose (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. qe`ros summer + 'o`mbros rain.] (Phys. Geog) A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface, which have the same mean summer rainfall. Isotonic I`so*ton"ic (?), a. [Iso- + tonic.] Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension. Isotonic system (Mus.), a system consisting of intervals, in which each concord is alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones. Isotrimorphic I`so*tri*mor"phic (?), a. Isotrimorphous. Isotrimorphism I`so*tri*mor"phism (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. Isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two trimorphous substances. Isotrimorphous I`so*tri*mor"phous (?), a. Having the quality of isotrimorphism; isotrimorphic. Isotropic I`so*trop"ic (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. (Physics) Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions. Isotropism I*sot"ro*pism (?), n. Isotropy. Isotropous I*sot"ro*pous (?), a. Isotropic. Isotropy I*sot"ro*py (?), n. (Physics) Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions. Isouric I`so*u"ric (?), a. [Iso- + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, isomeric with uric acid. Israelite Is"ra*el*ite (?), n. [L. Isra\'89lites, Gr. Yisr\'be, i. e., champion of God; s\'ber\'beh to fight + God.] A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew. Israelitic, Israelitish Is`ra*el*it"ic (?), Is"ra*el*i`tish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Israel, or to the Israelites; Jewish; Hebrew. Issuable Is"su*a*ble (?), a. [From Issue.] 1. Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law. Burrill. 2. Lawful or suitable to be issued; as, a writ issuable on these grounds. Issuable plea (Law), a plea to the merits, on which the adverse party may take issue and proceed to trial. Issuably Is"su*a*bly (?), adv. In an issuable manner; by way of issue; as, to plead issuably. Issuance Is"su*ance (?), n. The act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an order; the issuance of rations, and the like. Issuant Is"su*ant (?), a. (Her.) Issuing or coming up; -- a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another. Issue Is"sue (?), n. [OF. issue, eissue, F. issue, fr. OF. issir, eissir, to go out, L. exire; ex out of, from + ire to go, akin to Gr. i., Goth. iddja went, used as prefect of gaggan to go. Cf. Ambition, Count a nobleman, Commence, Errant, Exit, Eyre, Initial, Yede went.] 1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house. 2. The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury. 3. That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper. 4. Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants. If the king Should without issue die. Shak. 5. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits. 6. A discharge of flux, as of blood. Matt. ix. 20. 7. (Med.) An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part. 8. The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence, contest; test; trial. Come forth to view The issue of the exploit. Shak. While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue. Shak. 9. A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide. 10. (Law) In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned. Blount. Cowell. At issue, in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent. As much at issue with the summer day As if you brought a candle out of doors. Mrs. Browning. -- Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral, etc. -- Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus. -- To join, OR take, issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy. Issue Is"sue, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Issued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Issuing.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 793 1. To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place. From it issued forced drops of blood. Shak. 2. To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers. 3. To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun. 4. To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring. Of thy sons that shall issue from thee. 2 Kings xx. 18. 5. To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway. 6. To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock. 7. To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue. 8. (Law) In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue. Issue Is"sue (?), v. t. 1. To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank. 2. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions. 3. To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ. Issueless Is"sue*less, a. Having no issue or progeny; childless. "The heavens . . . have left me issueless." Shak. Issuer Is"su*er (?), n. One who issues, emits, or publishes. -ist -ist (?). [Gr. iste.] A noun suffix denoting an agent, or doer, one who practices, a believer in; as, theorist, one who theorizes; socialist, one who holds to socialism; sensualist, one given to sensuality. Is't Is't (?). A contraction of is it. Isthmian Isth"mi*an (?), a. [L. Isthmius, Gr. Isthmus.] Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece. Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves. Isthmus Isth"mus (?; 277), n.; pl. Isthmuses (#). [L. isthmus, Gr. 'isqmo`s a neck, a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus of Corinth; prob. from the root of 'ie`nai to go; cf. Icel. ei&edh; isthmus. See Issue.] (Geog.) A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the Isthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc. Isthmus of the fauces. (Anat.) See Fauces. Istle Is"tle (?), n. Same as Ixtle. Isuret I*su"ret (?), n. [Iso- + urea.] (Chem.) An artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming a white crystalline substance; -- called also isuretine. It It (?), pron. [OE. it, hit, AS. hit; cf. D. het. &root;181. See He.] The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their of theirs, them). NOTE: &hand; Th e possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's time its had become quite established as the regular form. The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief. Genevan Test. Do, child, go to it grandam, child. Shak. It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with borrowing letters. B. Jonson. NOTE: &hand; In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign i in it, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive it, superseding the Saxon his. Latham. The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its) kind. Gen. i. 11. It is used, -- 1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home. 2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was John. It is I; be not afraid. Matt. xiv. 27. Peter heard that it was the Lord. John xxi. 7. Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this. 3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains. 4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man? Think on me when it shall be well with thee. Gen. xl. 14. 5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk). The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopyl\'91, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth. Dryden. Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it, If folly grows romantic, I must paint it. Pope. Its self. See Itself. Itacism I"ta*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. itacisme. See Etacism, and cf. Iotacism.] (Greek Gram.) Pronunciation of e in the English word be. This was the pronunciation advocated by ReuEtacism. In all such questions between a the confusing element of itacism comes in. Alford. Itacist I"ta*cist (?), n. [Cf. F. itaciste.] One who is in favor of itacism. Itacolumite It`a*col"u*mite (?), n. [From Itacolumi, a mountain of Brazil.] (Min.) A laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in regions where the diamond is found. Itaconic It`a*con"ic (?), a. [From aconitic, by transposition of the letters.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C5H6O4, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids. <-- ITaconic acid: also, methylenesuccynic acid, propylene dicarboxylic acid CH2=C(COOH)CH2.COOH --> Itala It"a*la (?), n. [Fem. of L. Italus Italian.] An early Latin version of the Scriptures (the Old Testament was translated from the Septuagint, and was also called the Italic version). Italian I*tal"ian (?), a. [Cf. F. italien, It. italiano. Cf. Italic.] Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language. Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; -- called also farmer's satin. -- Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills. -- Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice. Italian I*tal"ian, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Italy. 2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians. Italianate I*tal"ian*ate (?), v. t. [Cf. It. italianare.] To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; to Italianize. [R.] Ascham. Italianate I*tal"ian*ate (?), a. Italianized; Italianated. "Apish, childish, and Italianate." Marlowe. Italianism I*tal"ian*ism (?), n. 1. A word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the Italians; an Italicism. 2. Attachment to, or sympathy for, Italy. Italianize I*tal"ian*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Italianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Italianizing (?).] [Cf. F. italianiser, It. italianizzare.] 1. To play the Italian; to speak Italian. Cotgrave. 2. To render Italian in any respect; to Italianate. "An Englishman Italianized." Lowell. Italic I*tal"ic (?), a. [L. Italicus: cf. F. italique. Cf. Italian.] 1. Relating to Italy or to its people. 2. Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; -- so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500. Italic languages, the group or family of languages of ancient Italy. -- Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite. -- Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated. -- Italic version. See Itala. Italic I*tal"ic, n.; pl. Italics (. (Print.) An Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); -- often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters. Italicism I*tal"i*cism (?), n. 1. A phrase or idiom peculiar to the Italian language; to Italianism. 2. The use of Italics. Italicize I*tal"i*cize (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Italicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Italicizing (?).] To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too much. Ita palm I"ta palm` (?). (Bot.) A magnificent species of palm (Mauritia flexuosa), growing near the Orinoco. The natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and make thread and cord from its fiber. Itch Itch (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Itching.] [OE. icchen, , AS. giccan; akin to D. jeuken, joken, G. jucken, OHG. jucchen.] 1. To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected. My mouth hath itched all this long day. Chaucer. 2. To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as, itching ears. "An itching palm." Shak. Itch Itch, n. 1. (Med.) An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the Sarcoptes scabei), and attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact. 2. Any itching eruption. 3. A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; -- called also scabies, psora, etc. 4. A constant irritating desire. An itch of being thought a divine king. Dryden. Baker's itch. See under Baker. -- Barber's itch, sycosis. -- Bricklayer's itch, an eczema of the hands attended with much itching, occurring among bricklayers. -- Grocer's itch, an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema, produced by the sugar mite (Tyrogluphus sacchari). -- Itch insect (Zo\'94l.), a small parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabei) which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the disease known as the itch. See Illust. in Append. -- Itch mite. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Itch insect, above. Also, other similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox. -- Sugar baker's itch, a variety of eczema, due to the action of sugar upon the skin. -- Washerwoman's itch, eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among washerwomen. Itchiness Itch"i*ness (?), n. The state of being itchy. Itchless Itch"less, a. Free from itching. Itchy Itch"y (?), a. Infected with the itch, or with an itching sensation. Cowper. -ite -ite (?). [From Gr. 1. A suffix denoting one of a party, a sympathizer with or adherent of, and the like, and frequently used in ridicule; as, a Millerite; a Benthamite. 2. A suffix used in naming minerals; as, chlorite, from its characteristic green color; barite, from its heaviness; graphite, from its use in writing. 3. (Chem.) A suffix used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end in -ous; as, sulphite, from sulphurous; nitrite, from nitrous acid, etc. Item I"tem (?), adv. [L. See Iterate.] Also; as an additional article. Item I"tem (?), n. [From Item, adv.] 1. An article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in a bill. 2. A hint; an innuendo. [Obs.] A secret item was given to some of the bishops . . . to absent themselves. Fuller. 3. A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item concerning the weather. Item I"tem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Itemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iteming.] To make a note or memorandum of. I have itemed it in my memory. Addison. Itemize I"tem*ize (?), v. t. To state in items, or by particulars; as, to itemize the cost of a railroad. [Local, U. S.] Iter I"ter (?), n. [L. See Eyre.] (Anat.) A passage; esp., the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of Sylvius. Iterable It"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. iterabilis. See Iterate.] Capable of being iterated or repeated. [Obs.] Iterance It"er*ance (?), n. Iteration. [Obs.] Iterant It"er*ant (?), a. [L. iterans, p. pr. of iterare.] Repeating; iterating; as, an iterant echo. Bacon. Iterate It"er*ate (?), a. [L. iteratus, p. p. of iterare to repeat, fr. iterum again, prop. a compar. from the stem of is he, that; cf. L. ita so, item likewise, also, Skr. itara other, iti thus. Cf. Identity, Item.] Uttered or done again; repeated. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner. Iterate It"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iterated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Iterating.] To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; as, to iterate advice. Nor Eve to iterate Her former trespass feared. Milton. Iterate It"er*ate (?), adv. By way of iteration. Iteration It`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. iteratio.] Recital or performance a second time; repetition. Bacon. What needs this iteration, woman? Shak. Iterative It"er*a*tive (?), a. [L. iterativus: cf. F. it\'82ratif.] Repeating. Cotgrave. -- It"er*a*tive*ly, adv. Ithyphallic Ith`y*phal"lic (?), a. [L. ithyphallicus, fr. ithyphallus, Gr. membrum virile erectum, or a figure thereof carried in the festivals of Bacchus.] Lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene. Itineracy I*tin"er*a*cy (?), n. The act or practice of itinerating; itinerancy. Itinerancy I*tin"er*an*cy (?), n. [See Itinerant.] 1. A passing from place to place. Dr. H. More. 2. A discharge of official duty involving frequent change of residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty. Itinerant I*tin"er*ant (?), a. [LL. itinerans, -antis, p. pr. of itinerare to make a journey, fr. L. iter, itineris, a walk, way, journey. See Errant, Issue.] Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler. The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made. Blackstone. Itinerant I*tin"er*ant, a. One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled. Glad to turn itinerant, To stroll and teach from town to town. Hudibras. Itinerantly I*tin"er*ant*ly, adv. In an itinerant manner. Itinerary I*tin"er*a*ry (?), a. [L. itinerarius: cf. F. itin\'82raire. See Itinerant.] Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a journey. It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress. Bacon. Itinerary I*tin"er*a*ry, n.; pl. Itineraries (#). [L. itinerarium: cf. F. itin\'82raire. See Itinerary, a.] An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus. Itinerate I*tin"er*ate (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itinerated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Itinerating (#).] [LL. itineratus, p. p. of itinerari, itinerare. See Itinerant.] To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc. -itis -i"tis (?), [Gr. A suffix used in medical terms to denote an inflammatory disease of; as, arthritis; bronchitis, phrenitis. Its Its (?). Possessive form of the pronoun it. See It. Itself It*self" (?), pron. The neuter reciprocal pronoun of It; as, the thing is good in itself; it stands by itself. Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor. Locke. Ittria It"tri*a (?), n. [NL.] See Yttria. Ittrium It"tri*um (?), n. [NL.] See Yttrium. Itzibu It"zi*bu (?), n. [Jap. ichibu.] (Numis.) A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents. [Written also itzebu, ichebu, itcheboo, etc.] Iulidan I*u"li*dan (?), n. [See Iulus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Iulid\'91, a family of myriapods, of which the genus Iulus is the type. See Iulus. Iulus I*u"lus (?), n. [L., down, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round, consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See Chilognatha. Ivan Ivanovitch I*van" I*van"o*vitch (?). An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of the Russian people; -- used as "John Bull" is used for the typical Englishman. I've I've (?). Colloquial contraction of I have. -ive -ive (?). [L. -ivus.] An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to; as affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive. Ivied I"vied (?), a. [From Ivy.] Overgrown with ivy. Ivoride I"vo*ride (?), n. A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a substitute for it. Ivory I"vo*ry (?), n.; pl. Ivories (#). [OE. ivori, F. ivoire, fr. L. eboreus made of ivory, fr. ebur, eboris, ivory, cf. Skr. ibha elephant. Cf. Eburnean.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 794 1. The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility. NOTE: &hand; Iv ory is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc. 2. The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc. 3. Any carving executed in ivory. Mollett. 4. pl. Teeth; as, to show one's ivories. [Slang] Ivory black. See under Black, n. -- Ivory gull (Zo\'94l.), a white Arctic gull (Larus eburneus). -- Ivory nut (Bot.), the nut of a species of palm, the Phytephas macroarpa, often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close-grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture and color, whence it is called vegetable ivory. It is wrought into various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the Phytephas microarpa. The nuts are known in commerce as Corosso nuts. -- Ivory palm (Bot.), the palm tree which produces ivory nuts. -- Ivory shell (Zo\'94l.), any species of Eburna, a genus of marine gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or brown spots. -- Vegetable ivory, the meat of the ivory nut. See Ivory nut (above). Ivory-bill I"vo*ry-bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsome, North American woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. Its general color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal stripe. The male has a large, scarlet crest. It is now rare, and found only in the Gulf States. Ivorytype I"vo*ry*type` (?), n. (photog.) A picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; -- called also hellenotype. Knight. Ivy I"vy (?), n.; pl. Ivies (#). [AS. \'c6fig; akin to OHG. ebawi, ebah, G. epheu.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hedera (H. helix), common in Europe. Its leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed; the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. The stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers. Direct The clasping ivy where to climb. Milton. Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere. Milton. American ivy. (Bot.) See Virginia creeper. -- English ivy (Bot.), a popular name in America for the ivy proper (Hedera helix). -- German ivy (Bot.), a creeping plant, with smooth, succulent stems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of Senecio (S. scandens). -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) Gill (Nepeta Glechoma). -- Ivy bush. (Bot.) See Mountain laurel, under Mountain. -- Ivy owl (Zo\'94l.), the barn owl. -- Ivy tod (Bot.), the ivy plant. Tennyson. -- Japanese ivy (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ampelopsis tricuspidata), closely related to the Virginia creeper. -- Poison ivy (Bot.), an American woody creeper (Rhus Toxicodendron), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries. It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons. -- To pipe in an ivy leaf, to console one's self as best one can. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- West Indian ivy, a climbing plant of the genus Marcgravia. Ivy-mantled I"vy-man`tled (?), a. Covered with ivy. Iwis I*wis" (?), adv. Indeed; truly. See Ywis. [Written also iwys, iwisse, etc.] [Obs.] Ascham. Ixia Ix"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A South African bulbous plant of the Iris family, remarkable for the brilliancy of its flowers. Ixodes Ix*o"des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of parasitic Acarina, which includes various species of ticks. See Tick, the insect. Ixodian Ix*o"di*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A tick of the genus Ixodes, or the family Ixodid\'91. Ixtle, Ixtli Ix"tle, Ix"tli, n. (Bot.) A Mexican name for a variety of Agave rigida, which furnishes a strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also pita, and Tampico fiber. [Written also istle.] Izard Iz"ard (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the chamois found in the Pyrenees. -ize -ize (?). [F. -iser, L. -izare, Gr. A verb suffix signifying to make, to do, to practice; as apologize, baptize, theorize, tyrannize. NOTE: &hand; In th e ca se of certain words the spelling with -ise (after analogy with F. -iser) is the usual form; as, catechise, criticise. With regard to most words, however, which have this suffix there is a diversity of usage, some authorities spelling -ise, others (as in this book) -ize. Izedi Iz"e*di (?), n. One of an Oriental religious sect which worships Satan or the Devil. The Izedis or Yezdis, the so-called Devil worshipers, still remain a numerous though oppressed people in Mesopotamia and adjacent countries. Tylor. Izedism Iz"e*dism (?), n. The religion of the Izedis. Izzard Iz"zard (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Izard. Izzard Iz"zard (?), n. [Formerly ezed, prob. fr. F. et z\'90de and z.] The letter z; -- formerly so called. J.