Unabridged Dictionary - Letter J
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J
J (?). J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later
variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal
sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms J
and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have
been used interchangeably.
NOTE: In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i at the
end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, vj, xij. J is
etymologically most closely related to i, y, g; as in jot, iota;
jest, gesture; join, jugular, yoke. See I. J is a compound vocal
consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to dzh. It is exactly the
same as g in gem. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 179, 211, 239.
Jaal goat
Jaal" goat` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A species of wild goat (Capra Nubiana)
found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; --
called also beden, and jaela.
Jab
Jab (?), v. t. [Cf. Job.] To thrust; to stab; to punch. See Job, v. t.
[Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
Jab
Jab, n. A thrust or stab. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
Jabber
Jab"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jabbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Jabbering.] [Cf. Gibber, Gabble.] To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or
unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter. Swift.
Jabber
Jab"ber, v. t. To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; as, to
jabber French. Addison.
Jabber
Jab"ber, n. Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance;
gibberish. Swift.
Jabber
Jab"ber (?), n. One who jabbers.
Jabberingly
Jab"ber*ing*ly, adv. In a jabbering manner.
Jabberment
Jab"ber*ment (?), n. Jabber. [R.] Milton.
Jabbernowl
Jab"ber*nowl` (?), n. Same as Jobbernowl.
Jabiru
Jab"i*ru (?), n. [Braz. jabir\'a3, jabur\'a3.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
several large wading birds of the genera Mycteria and Xenorhynchus,
allied to the storks in form and habits.
NOTE: &hand; Th e Am erican ja biru (M ycteria Americana) is white,
with the head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East
Indian and Australian (Xenorhynchus Australis) has the neck, head,
and back covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the
head to purple. The African jabiru (Mycteria, OR Ephippiorhynchus,
Senegalensis) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black,
and is called also saddle-billed stork.
Jaborandi
Jab`o*ran"di (?), n. (Bot.) The native name of a South American
rutaceous shrub (Pilocarpus pennatifolius). The leaves are used in
medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.
Jaborine
Jab"o*rine (?), n. [From Jaborandi.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in
jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous
substance. In its action it resembles atropine.
Jabot
Jab"ot (?), n. [F.]
1. Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.
2. An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by
women on the front of the dress.
Jacamar
Jac"a*mar` (?), n. [F. jacamar, Braz. jacamarica; cf. Sp. jacamar.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of
the genus Galbula and allied genera. They are allied to the
kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon
insects. Their colors are often brilliant.
Jacana
Jac"a*na` (?), n. [Cf. Sp. jacania.] (Zo\'94l.) Any of several wading
birds belonging to the genus Jacana and several allied genera, all of
which have spurs on the wings. They are able to run about over
floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes.
Called also surgeon bird.
NOTE: &hand; Th e mo st co mmon So uth Am erican sp ecies is Jacana
spinosa. The East Indian or pheasant jacana (Hydrophasianus
chirurgus) is remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle
tail feathers.
Jacaranda
Jac`a*ran"da (?), n. [Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. jacaranda.] (Bot.) (a) The
native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the
beautiful woods called king wood, tiger wood, and violet wood. (b) A
genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet-shaped
flowers.
Jacare
Jac"a*re` (?), n. [Pg. jacar\'82; of Brazilian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A
cayman. See Yacare.
Jacchus
Jac"chus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Jacchus a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The common marmoset (Hapale vulgaris). Formerly, the name
was also applied to other species of the same genus.
Jacconet
Jac"co*net (?), n. See Jaconet.
Jacent
Ja"cent (?), a. [L. jacens, p. pr. of jacere to lie: cf. F. jacent.]
Lying at length; as, the jacent posture. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
Jacinth
Ja"cinth (?), n. [F. jacinthe, L. hyacinthus. See Hyacinth.] See
Hyacinth. Tennyson.
Jack
Jack (?), n. [Pg. jaca, Malayalam, tsjaka.] (Bot.) A large tree, the
Artocarpus integrifolia, common in the East Indies, closely allied to
the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The
fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and
through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are
roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and
rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for
dyeing a brilliant yellow. [Written also jak.]
Jack
Jack (?), n. [F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus, Gr. Ya 'aq Jacob; prop.,
seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. Jacobite, Jockey.]
1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John.
You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby. Shak.
2. An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also,
a servant; a rustic. "Jack fool." Chaucer.
Since every Jack became a gentleman, There 's many a gentle person
made a Jack. Shak.
3. A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also Jack tar,
and Jack afloat.
4. A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate
part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying
the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called Jack; as: (a)
A device to pull off boots. (b) A sawhorse or sawbuck. (c) A machine
or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack, or kitchen jack. (b)
(Mining) A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting. (e)
(Knitting Machine) A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the
loops down on the needles. (f) (Warping Machine) A grating to separate
and guide the threads; a heck box. (g) (Spinning) A machine for
twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine. (h) A compact,
portable machine for planing metal. (i) A machine for slicking or
pebbling leather. (k) A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for
multiplying speed. (l) A hood or other device placed over a chimney or
vent pipe, to prevent a back draught. (m) In the harpsichord, an
intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill;
-- called also hopper. (n) In hunting, the pan or frame holding the
fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light
itself. C. Hallock.
5. A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great
pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through a small distance.
It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or
any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact
pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc.
The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.
6. The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls. Shak.
Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the jack by
delivering his bowl straight forward upon it. Sir W. Scott.
7. The male of certain animals, as of the ass.
8. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young pike; a pickerel. (b) The jurel. (c) A
large, California rock fish (Sebastodes paucispinus); -- called also
boccaccio, and m\'82rou. (d) The wall-eyed pike.
9. A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter
of a pint. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
10. (Naut.) (a) A flag, containing only the union, without the fly,
usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also
union jack. The American jack is a small blue flag, with a star for
each State. (b) A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead,
to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; --
called also jack crosstree. R. H. Dana, Jr.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 795
11. The knave of a suit of playing cards. <-- 12. (pl) same as
jackstone (which see): A game played with small (metallic, with
tetrahedrally oriented spikes) objects (the jacks(1950+), formerly
jackstones) that are tossed, caught, picked up, and arranged on a
horizontal surface in various patterns; in the modern American game,
the movements are accompanied by tossing or bouncing a rubber ball on
the horizontal surface supporting the jacks. 13. (slang) Money. 14
(MW10= 9) a. Apple jack. b. brandy -->
NOTE: &hand; Ja ck is us ed ad jectively in va rious se nses. It
sometimes designates something cut short or diminished in size; as,
a jack timber; a jack rafter; a jack arch, etc.
Jack arch, an arch of the thickness of one brick. -- Jack back
(Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.), a cistern which receives the wort.
See under 1st Back. -- Jack block (Naut.), a block fixed in the
topgallant or royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts
and spars. -- Jack boots, boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in
the 17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc.<-- see
jack-booted --> -- Jack crosstree. (Naut.) See 10, b, above. -- Jack
curlew (Zo\'94l.), the whimbrel. -- Jack frame. (Cotton Spinning) See
4 (g), above. -- Jack Frost, frost personified as a mischievous
person. -- Jack hare, a male hare. Cowper. -- Jack lamp, a lamp for
still hunting and camp use. See def. 4 (n.), above. -- Jack plane, a
joiner's plane used for coarse work. -- Jack post, one of the posts
which support the crank shaft of a deep-well-boring apparatus. -- Jack
pot (Poker Playing), the name given to the stakes, contributions to
which are made by each player successively, till such a hand is turned
as shall take the "pot," which is the sum total of all the bets.<--
see also jackpot --> -- Jack rabbit (Zo\'94l.), any one of several
species of large American hares, having very large ears and long legs.
The California species (Lepus Californicus), and that of Texas and New
Mexico (L. callotis), have the tail black above, and the ears black at
the tip. They do not become white in winter. The more northern prairie
hare (L. campestris) has the upper side of the tail white, and in
winter its fur becomes nearly white. -- Jack rafter (Arch.), in
England, one of the shorter rafters used in constructing a hip or
valley roof; in the United States, any secondary roof timber, as the
common rafters resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the
pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves in some
styles of building. -- Jack salmon (Zo\'94l.), the wall-eyed pike, or
glasseye. -- Jack sauce, an impudent fellow. [Colloq. & Obs.] -- Jack
shaft (Mach.), the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill,
which receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover,
and transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or
to a line shaft. -- Jack sinker (Knitting Mach.), a thin iron plate
operated by the jack to depress the loop of thread between two
needles. -- Jack snipe. (Zo\'94l.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Jack
staff (Naut.), a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which the jack
is hoisted. -- Jack timber (Arch.), any timber, as a rafter, rib, or
studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others. --
Jack towel, a towel hung on a roller for common use. -- Jack truss
(Arch.), in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the roof has not its
full section. -- Jack tree. (Bot.) See 1st Jack, n. -- Jack yard
(Naut.), a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the gaff. Blue jack,
blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. -- Hydraulic jack, a jack used for
lifting, pulling, or forcing, consisting of a compact portable
hydrostatic press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply
of liquid, as oil. -- Jack-at-a-pinch. (a) One called upon to take the
place of another in an emergency. (b) An itinerant parson who conducts
an occasional service for a fee. -- Jack-at-all-trades, one who can
turn his hand to any kind of work. -- Jack-by-the-hedge (Bot.), a
plant of the genus Erysimum (E. alliaria, or Alliaria officinalis),
which grows under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not
unlike garlic. Called also, in England, sauce-alone. Eng. Cyc. --
Jack-in-a-box. (a) (Bot.) A tropical tree (Hernandia sonora), which
bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx. (b) A
child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is
raised, a figure springs. (c) (Mech.) An epicyclic train of bevel
gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner
that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the
wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.;
an equation box; a jack frame; -- called also compensating gearing.
(d) A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece
of a rude press. -- Jack-in-office, an insolent fellow in authority.
Wolcott. -- Jack-in-the-bush (Bot.), a tropical shrub with red fruit
(Cordia Cylindrostachya). -- Jack-in-the-green, a chimney sweep
inclosed in a framework of boughs, carried in Mayday processions. --
Jack-in-the-pulpit (Bot.), the American plant Aris\'91ma triphyllum,
or Indian turnip, in which the upright spadix is inclosed. --
Jack-of-the-buttery (Bot.), the stonecrop (Sedum acre). --
Jack-of-the-clock, a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks, which
struck the time on the bell. -- Jack-on-both-sides, one who is or
tries to be neutral. -- Jack-out-of-office, one who has been in office
and is turned out. Shak. -- Jack the Giant Killer, the hero of a
well-known nursery story. -- Jack-with-a-lantern, Jack-o'-lantern. (a)
An ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp. "[Newspaper speculations]
supplying so many more jack-o'-lanterns to the future historian."
Lowell. (b) A lantern made of a pumpkin so prepared as to show in
illumination the features of a human face, etc. -- Yellow Jack
(Naut.), the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag. See Yellow flag,
under Flag.
Jack
Jack (?), n. [F. jaque, jacque, perh. from the proper name Jacques.
Cf. Jacquerie.] A coarse and cheap medi\'91val coat of defense, esp.
one made of leather.
Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad. Sir J.
Harrington.
Jack
Jack (?), n. [Named from its resemblance to a jack boot.] A pitcher or
can of waxed leather; -- called also black jack. [Obs.] Dryden.
Jack
Jack, v. i. To hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d Jack, n.,
4, n.
Jack
Jack, v. t. To move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks.
See 2d Jack, n., 5. <-- = jack up -->
Jack-a-dandy
Jack`-a-dan"dy (?), n. A little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent
fellow.
Jackal
Jack"al` (?), n. [Pers. shagh\'bel: cf. OF. jackal, F. chacal; cf.
Skr. \'87\'f0g\'bela.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of carnivorous animals
inhabiting Africa and Asia, related to the dog and wolf. They are
cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. They feed largely on carrion, and
are noted for their piercing and dismal howling.
NOTE: &hand; Th e common species of Southern Asia (Canis aureus) is
yellowish gray, varied with brown on the shoulders, haunches, and
legs. The common African species (C. anthus) is darker in color.
2. One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were
once thought to kill game which lions appropriated. [Colloq.] Ld.
Lytton.
Jack-a-lent
Jack"-a-lent (?), n. A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent;
hence, a simple fellow.
Jackanapes
Jack"a*napes (?), n. [For Jack o' (= of) apes; prop., a man who
exhibits apes.] [Written also jackanape.]
1. A monkey; an ape. Shak.
2. A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.
A young upstart jackanapes. Arbuthnot.
Jackass
Jack"ass` (?), n. [2d jack + ass.]
1. The male ass; a donkey.
2. A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead.
Jackass bark (Naut.), a three-masted vessel, with only the foremast
square-rigged; a barkentine. -- Jackass deer (Zo\'94l.), the koba. --
Jackass hare, Jackass rabbit (Zo\'94l.). See Jack rabbit, under 2d
Jack, n. -- Jackass penguin (Zo\'94l.), any species of penguin of the
genus Spheniscus, of which several are known. One species (S.
demersus) inhabits the islands near the Cape of Good Hope; another (S.
Magellanicus) is found at the Falkland Islands. They make a noise like
the braying of an ass; -- hence the name. -- Laughing jackass.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Laughing.
Jackdaw
Jack"daw` (?), n. [Prob. 2d jack + daw, n.] (Zo\'94l.) See Daw, n.
Jackeen
Jack*een" (?), n. A drunken, dissolute fellow. [Ireland] S. C. Hall.
Jacket
Jack"et (?), n. [F. jaquette, dim. of jaque. See 3d Jack, n.]
1. A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat
without skirts.
2. An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some
nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation
of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.
3. (Mil.) In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and
re\'89nforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.
4. A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a
life preserver; -- called also cork jacket.
Blue jacket. (Naut.) See under Blue. -- Steam jacket, a space filled
with steam between an inner and an outer cylinder, or between a casing
and a receptacle, as a kettle. -- To dust one's jacket, to give one a
beating. [Colloq.]
Jacket
Jack"et, v. t.
1. To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.
2. To thrash; to beat. [Low]
Jacketed
Jack"et*ed, a. Wearing, or furnished with, a jacket.
Jacketing
Jack"et*ing, n. The material of a jacket; as, nonconducting jacketing.
Jack Ketch
Jack" Ketch" (?). [Perh. fr. Jack, the proper name + Prov. E. ketch a
hangman, fr. ketch, for catch to seize; but see the citations below.]
A public executioner, or hangman. [Eng.]
The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard Jaquett, where
felons for a long time were executed; from whence we have Jack
Ketch. Lloyd's MS., British Museum.
[Monmouth] then accosted John Ketch, the executioner, a wretch who
had butchered many brave and noble victims, and whose name has,
during a century and a half, been vulgarly given to all who have
succeeded him in his odious office. Macaulay.
Jackknife
Jack"knife` (?), n. A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a
pocket knife.
Jackman
Jack"man (?), n.; pl. Jackmen (.
1. One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d Jack, n.
Christie . . . the laird's chief jackman. Sir W. Scott.
2. A cream cheese. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
Jack-o'-lantern
Jack"-o'-lan`tern (?), n. See Jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d Jack. <--
Jackpot
Jackpot 1. (a) See "jack pot" under jack; (b) any larger-than-usual
gambling prize formed by the accumulation of unwon bets[=MW10 1(a)(2)
and 1(c)]; (c) the highest gambling prize awarded in a gambling game
in which smaller prizes are also awarded, especially such a prize on a
slot machine. 2. (a) An unusually large success in an enterprise,
either unexpected or unpredictable, esp. one providing a great
financial benefit. hit the jackpotto receive an unexpectedly large (or
the largest possible) benefit from an enterprise. -->
Jackpudding
Jack"pud`ding (?), n. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. Milton.
Jacksaw
Jack"saw` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The merganser.
Jackscrew
Jack"screw` (?), n. A jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or
exerting pressure. See Illust. of 2d Jack, n., 5.
Jackslave
Jack"slave` (?), n. A low servant; a mean fellow. Shak.
Jacksmith
Jack"smith` (?), n. A smith who makes jacks. See 2d Jack, 4, c.
Dryden.
Jacksnipe
Jack"snipe` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small European snipe
(Limnocryptes gallinula); -- called also judcock, jedcock, juddock,
jed, and half snipe. (b) A small American sandpiper (Tringa maculata);
-- called also pectoral sandpiper, and grass snipe.
Jackstay
Jack"stay` (?), n. (Naut.) A rail of wood or iron stretching along a
yard of a vessel, to which the sails are fastened.
Jackstone
Jack"stone` (?), n. (a) One of the pebbles or pieces used in the game
of jackstones. (b) (pl.) A game played with five small stones or
pieces of metal. See 6th Chuck. <-- also called "jacks" see jack, n.
12 -->
Jackstraw
Jack"straw` (?), n.
1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without
property or influence. Milton.
2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for
playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly
together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument,
without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See Spilikin.<--
= Sim. to pick-up-sticks (U.S. 1940+), played with thin wooden sticks
of different colors, having different values for scoring, and
dislodged from the pile with the hand or one of the sticks -->
Jackwood
Jack"wood` (?), n. Wood of the jack (Artocarpus integrifolia), used in
cabinetwork.
Jacob
Ja"cob (?), n. [Cf. F. Jacob. See 2d Jack.] A Hebrew patriarch (son of
Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews), who in a vision saw a ladder
reaching up to heaven (Gen. xxviii. 12); -- also called Israel.
And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and
now I am become two bands. Gen. xxxii. 9, 10.
Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel. Gen. xxxii. 28.
Jacob's ladder. (a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus Polemonium
(P. c\'d2ruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue.
Gray. (b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft.
R. H. Dana, Jr. (c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in a
defective spar. -- Jacob's membrane. See Retina. -- Jacob's staff. (a)
A name given to many forms of staff or weapon, especially in the
Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Spenser. (b) (Surveying) See
under Staff.
Jacob\'91an lily
Jac`o*b\'91"an lil"y (?). [See Jacobean.] (Bot.) A bulbous plant
(Amaryllis, OR Sprekelia, formosissima) from Mexico. It bears a
single, large, deep, red, lilylike flower. [Written also Jacobean.]
Jacobean; 277, Jacobian
Ja*co"be*an (?; 277), Ja*co"bi*an (?), a. [From L. Jacobus James. See
2d Jack.] Of or pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration
in the time of James the First, of England. "A Jacobean table." C. L.
Eastlake.
Jacobin
Jac"o*bin (?), n. [F. See 2d Jack, Jacobite.]
1. (Eccl. Hist.) A Dominican friar; -- so named because, before the
French Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques,
Paris.
2. One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the
revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in
the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the
proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an
existing government; a turbulent demagogue.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a
hood, -- whence the name. The wings and tail are long, and the beak
moderately short.
Jacobin
Jac"o*bin, a. Same as Jacobinic.
Jacobine
Jac"o*bine (?), n. A Jacobin.
Jacobinic, Jacobinical
Jac`o*bin"ic (?), Jac`o*bin"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the
Jacobins of France; revolutionary; of the nature of, or characterized
by, Jacobinism. Burke. -- Jac`o*bin"ic*al*ly, adv.
Jacobinism
Jac"o*bin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. Jacobinisme.] The principles of the
Jacobins; violent and factious opposition to legitimate government.
Under this new stimulus, Burn's previous Jacobitism passed towards
the opposite, but not very distant, extreme of Jacobinism. J. C.
Shairp.
Jacobinize
Jac"o*bin*ize` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jacobinized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Jacobinizing (?).] [Cf. F. Jacobiniser.] To taint with, or convert
to, Jacobinism.
France was not then jacobinized. Burke.
Jacobite
Jac"o*bite (?), n. [L. Jacobus James: cf. F. Jacobite. See 2d Jack.]
1. (Eng. Hist.) A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his
abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in
1688 in favor of William and Mary. Macaulay.
2. (Eccl.) One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect is named
after Jacob Barad\'91us, its leader in the sixth century.
Jacobite
Jac"o*bite, a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobites.
Jacobitic, Jacobitical
Jac`o*bit"ic (?), Jac`o*bit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the
Jacobites; characterized by Jacobitism. -- Jac`o*bit"ic*al*ly, adv.
Jacobitism
Jac"o*bit*ism` (?), n. The principles of the Jacobites. Mason.
Jacobus
Ja*co"bus (?), n.; pl. Jacobuses (#). [See Jacobite.] An English gold
coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings sterling, struck in the
reign of James I.
Jaconet
Jac"o*net (?), n. [F. jaconas.] A thin cotton fabric, between and
muslin, used for dresses, neckcloths, etc. [Written also jacconet.]
Jacquard
Jac*quard" (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French
mechanician, who died in 1834. Jacquard apparatus OR arrangement, a
device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of
mechanism controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which
cause the warp threads to be lifted in the proper succession for
producing the required figure. -- Jacquard card, one of the perforated
cards of a Jacquard apparatus. -- Jackquard loom, a loom with Jacquard
apparatus.
Jacqueminot
Jacque"mi*not (?), n. A half-hardy, deep crimson rose of the remontant
class; -- so named after General Jacqueminot, of France.
Jacquerie
Jacque`rie" (?), n. [F.] The name given to a revolt of French peasants
against the nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous
title, Jacques Bonhomme, given by the nobles to the peasantry. Hence,
any revolt of peasants.
Jactancy
Jac"tan*cy (?), n. [L. jactantia, fr. jactans, p. pr. of jactare to
throw, boast, freq. fr. jacere to throw; cf. F. jactance.] A boasting;
a bragging. [Obs.]
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Jactation
Jac*ta"tion (?), n. [L. jactatio, fr. jactare: af. F. jactation. See
Jactancy.] A throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation.
Sir. W. Temple.
Jactitation
Jac"ti*ta"tion (?), n. [L. jactitare to utter in public, from jactare.
See Jactancy.]
1. (Law) Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of
another's right; false claim. Mozley & W.
2. (Med.) A frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as
in delirium. Dunglison.
Jactitation of marriage (Eng. Eccl. Law), a giving out or boasting by
a party that he or she is married to another, whereby a common
reputation of their matrimony may ensue. Blackstone.
Jaculable
Jac"u*la*ble (?), a. Fit for throwing. [Obs.]
Jaculate
Jac"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jaculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Jaculating.] [L. jaculatus, p. p. of jaculari. See Ejaculate.] To
throw or cast, as a dart; to throw out; to emit.
Jaculation
Jac`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. jaculatio.] The act of tossing, throwing, or
hurling, as spears.
Hurled to and fro with jaculation dire. Milton.
Jaculator
Jac"u*la`tor (?), [L.]
1. One who throws or casts. [R.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) The archer fish (Toxotes jaculator).
Jaculatory
Jac"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. jaculatorius: cf. F. jaculatoire.] Darting
or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out; uttered in short
sentences; ejaculatory; as, jaculatory prayers. Smart.
Jadding
Jad"ding (?), n. (Mining) See Holing.
Jade
Jade (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. jade, fr. piedra de ijada stone of the side,
fr. ijada flank, side, pain in the side, the stone being so named
because it was supposed to cure this pain. Sp. ijada is derived fr. L.
ilia flanks. Cf. Iliac.] (Min.) A stone, commonly of a pale to dark
green color but sometimes whitish. It is very hard and compact,
capable of fine polish, and is used for ornamental purposes and for
implements, esp. in Eastern countries and among many early peoples.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ge neral te rm ja de includes nephrite, a compact
variety of tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and also the
mineral jadeite, a silicate of alumina and soda, with a specific
gravity of 3.3. The latter is the more highly prized and includes
the feitsui of the Chinese. The name has also been given to other
tough green minerals capable of similar use.
Jade
Jade, n. [OE. jade; cf. Prov. E. yaud, Scot. yade, yad, yaud, Icel.
jalda a mare.]
1. A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag. Chaucer.
Tired as a jade in overloaden cart. Sir P. Sidney.
2. A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also, sometimes,
a worthless man. Shak.
She shines the first of battered jades. Swift.
3. A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt.
A souple jade she was, and strang. Burns.
Jade
Jade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jading.]
1. To treat like a jade; to spurn. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To make ridiculous and contemptible. [Obs.]
I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me. Shak.
3. To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any kind; to
tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass.
The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, . . . checks at
any vigorous undertaking ever after. Locke.
Syn. -- To fatigue; tire; weary; harass. -- To Jade, Fatigue, Tire,
Weary. Fatigue is the generic term; tire denotes fatigue which wastes
the strength; weary implies that a person is worn out by exertion;
jade refers to the weariness created by a long and steady repetition
of the same act or effort. A little exertion will tire a child or a
weak person; a severe or protracted task wearies equally the body and
the mind; the most powerful horse becomes jaded on a long journey by a
continual straining of the same muscles. Wearied with labor of body or
mind; tired of work, tired out by importunities; jaded by incessant
attention to business.
Jade
Jade, v. i. To become weary; to lose spirit.
They . . . fail, and jade, and tire in the prosecution. South.
Jadeite
Jade"ite (?), n. (Min.) See Jade, the stone.
Jadery
Jad"er*y (?), n. The tricks of a jade.
Jadish
Jad"ish, a.
1. Vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a horse.
2. Unchaste; -- applied to a woman. L'Estrange.
Jaeger
Jae"ger (?), n. See Jager.
Jag
Jag (?), n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. gag aperture, cleft,
chink; akin to Ir. & Gael. gag.] [Written also jagg.]
1. A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a
denticulation.
Arethuss arose . . . From rock and from jag. Shelley.
Garments thus beset with long jags. Holland.
2. A part broken off; a fragment. Bp. Hacket.
3. (Bot.) A cleft or division.
Jag bolt, a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which resists
retraction, as when leaded into stone.
Jag
Jag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jagging (?).] To
cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch. [Written also
jagg. Jagging iron, a wheel with a zigzag or jagged edge for cutting
cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.
Jag
Jag, n. [Scot. jag, jaug, a leather bag or wallet, a pocket. Cf. Jag a
notch.] A small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] [Written also jagg.] Forby.
Jag
Jag, v. t. To carry, as a load; as, to jag hay, etc. [Prov. Eng. &
Colloq. U.S.]
Jaganatha, Jaganatha
Jag`a*nat"ha (?), Jag`a*nat"ha (?), n. See Juggernaut.
Jager
Ja"ger (?), n. [G. j\'84ger a hunter, a sportsman. Cf. Yager.]
[Written also jaeger.]
1. (Mil.) A sharpshooter. See Yager.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of gull of the genus Stercorarius. Three
species occur on the Atlantic coast. The jagers pursue other species
of gulls and force them to disgorge their prey. The two middle tail
feathers are usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also
boatswain, and marline-spike bird. The name is also applied to the
skua, or Arctic gull (Megalestris skua).
Jagg
Jagg (?), v. t. & n. See Jag.
Jagged
Jag"ged (?), a. Having jags; having rough, sharp notches,
protuberances, or teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; as, jagged rocks.
" Jagged vine leaves' shade." Trench. -- Jag"ged*ly, adv. --
Jag"ged*ness, n.
Jagger
Jag"ger (?), n. One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d
Jag. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Jagger
Jag"ger, n. [From 4th Jag.] One who, or that which, jags;
specifically: (a) jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc. (b)
A toothed chisel. See Jag, v. t. Jagger spring, a spring beneath a
seat, and resting on cleats or blocks in the body of a vehicle.
Knight.
Jaggery
Jag"ger*y (?), n. [Hind j\'begr\'c6. Cf. Sugar.] Raw palm sugar, made
in the East Indies by evaporating the fresh juice of several kinds of
palm trees, but specifically that of the palmyra (Borassus
flabelliformis). [Written also jagghery.]
Jaggy
Jag"gy (?), a. Having jags; set with teeth; notched; uneven; as, jaggy
teeth. Addison.
Jaghir
Ja"ghir (?), n. [Per. j\'beg\'c6r.] A village or district the
government and revenues of which are assigned to some person, usually
in consideration of some service to be rendered, esp. the maintenance
of troops. [Written also jaghire, jagir, etc.] [India] Whitworth.
Jaghirdar
Ja"ghir*dar` (?), n. [Per. j\'beg\'c6r-d\'ber.] The holder of a
jaghir.
Jagua palm
Ja"gua palm` (?). [Sp. jagua the fruit of the jagua palm.] (Bot.) A
great Brazilian palm (Maximiliana regia), having immense spathes which
are used for baskets and tubs.
Jaguar
Ja*guar" (?), n. [Braz. yago\'a0ra: cf. & Pg. jaguar.] (Zo\'94l.) A
large and powerful feline animal (Felis onca), ranging from Texas and
Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark,
somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark
spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. Called also the American
tiger.<-- now Panthera onca; also called panther -->
Jaguarondi
Ja`gua*ron"di (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American wild
cat (Felis jaguarondi), having a long, slim body and very short legs.
Its color is grayish brown, varied with a blackish hue. It is arboreal
in its habits and feeds mostly on birds.
Jah
Jah (j&aum;), n. [Heb. y\'beh.] Jehovah. Ps. lxviii. 4.
Jail
Jail (?), n. [OE. jaile, gail, gayhol, OF. gaole, gaiole, jaiole, F.
ge\'93le, LL. gabiola, dim. of gabia cage, for L. cavea cavity, cage.
See Cage.] A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons
held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with
reference to some future judicial proceeding. [Written also gaol.]
This jail I count the house of liberty. Milton.
Jail bird, a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison. [Slang] --
Jail delivery, the release of prisoners from jail, either legally or
by violence. -- Jail delivery commission. See under Gaol. -- Jail
fever (Med.), typhus fever, or a disease resembling it, generated in
jails and other places crowded with people; -- called also hospital
fever, and ship fever. -- Jail liberties, OR Jail limits, a space or
district around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on
certain conditions, allowed to go at large. Abbott. -- Jail lock, a
peculiar form of padlock; -- called also Scandinavian lock.
Jail
Jail, v. t. To imprison. [R.] T. Adams (1614).
[Bolts] that jail you from free life. Tennyson.
Jailer
Jail"er (?), n. [OE. jailer, gailer, OF. geolier, F. ge\'93lier. See
Jail.] The keeper of a jail or prison. [Written also jailor, gaoler.]
Jain, Jaina
Jain (?), Jai"na, n. [Skr. Jaina, fr. Jina, a proper name, fr. jina
victorious.] One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the
tenets of Jainism.
Jainism
Jain"ism (?), n. The heterodox Hindoo religion, of which the most
striking features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called
jins, above the ordinary Hindoo gods, and the denial of the divine
origin and infallibility of the Vedas. It is intermediate between
Brahmanism and Buddhism, having some things in common with each.
Jairou
Jai*rou" (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The ahu or Asiatic gazelle.
Jak
Jak (?), n. (Bot.) see Ils Jack.
Jakes
Jakes (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Jacques, the proper name. See 2d Jack.] A
privy. Shak.
Jakie
Ja"kie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American striped frog (Pseudis
paradoxa), remarkable for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and
hence called also paradoxical frog.
Jako
Jak"o (j&acr;k"&osl;), n. (Zo\'94l.) An African parrot (Psittacus
erithacus), very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also gray
parrot.
Jakwood
Jak"wood` (?), n. See Jackwood.
Jalap
Jal"ap (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. jalapa; -- so called from Jalapa, a town
in Mexico, whence it was first obtained.] (Med.) The tubers of the
Mexican plant Ipom\'d2a purga (or Exogonium purga), a climber much
like the morning-glory. The abstract, extract, and powder, prepared
from the tubers, are well known purgative medicines. Other species of
Ipom\'d2a yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the I.
Orizabensis, and I. tuberosa. False jalap, the root of Mirabilis
Jalapa, four-o'clock, or marvel of Peru.
Jalapic
Ja*lap"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to jalap.
Jalapin
Jal"a*pin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the stems of the jalap
plant and scammony. It is a strong purgative.
Jalons
Ja`lons", n. pl. [F. Of unknown origin.] (Mil.) Long poles, topped
with wisps of straw, used as landmarks and signals. Farrow.
Jalousie
Ja`lou`sie", n. [F. See Jealousy.] A Venetian or slatted inside window
blind.
Jalousied
Ja`lou`sied" (?), a. Furnished with jalousies; as, jalousied porches.
Jam
Jam (?), n. [Per. or Hind. j\'bemah garment, robe.] A kind of frock
for children.
Jam
Jam, n. (Mining) See Jamb.
Jam
Jam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jamming.] [Either
fr. jamb, as if squeezed between jambs, or more likely from the same
source as champ See Champ.]
1. To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to
wedge in.
The . . . jammed in between two rocks. De Foe.
2. To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door.
[Colloq.]
3. (Naut.) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her
upper sails are laid aback. W. C. Russell.
Jam
Jam, n.
1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure
from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a
river.
2. An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]
Jam
Jam, n. [Prob. fr. jam, v.; but cf. also Ar. jamad ice, jelly,
j\'bemid congealed, jamd congelation, ice.] A preserve of fruit boiled
with sugar and water; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam. Jam
nut. See Check nut, under Check. -- Jam weld (Forging), a butt weld.
See under Butt.
Jamacina
Jam`a*ci"na (?), n. [NL.] Jamaicine.
Jamadar
Jam"a*dar (?), n. Same as Jemidar.
Jamaica
Ja*mai"ca (?), n. One of the West India is islands. Jamaica ginger, a
variety of ginger, called also white ginger, prepared in Jamaica from
the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried
separately. -- Jamaica pepper, allspice. -- Jamaica rose (Bot.), a
West Indian melastomaceous shrub (Blakea trinervis), with showy pink
flowers.
Jamaican
Ja*mai"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to Jamaica. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Jamaica.
Jamaicine
Ja*ma"i*cine (?), n. [From Jamaica.] (Chem.) An alkaloid said to be
contained in the bark of Geoffroya inermis, a leguminous tree growing
in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called also jamacina. Watts.
Jamb
Jamb (?), n. [Prov. E. jaumb, jaum, F. jambe a leg, jambe de force a
principal rafter. See Gambol.]
1. (Arch) The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace;
hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a
chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face. Gwilt.
2. (Mining) Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from
following the lode or vein.
Jamb
Jamb (?), v. t. See Jam, v. t.
Jambee
Jam*bee" (?), n. [See Jamb, n.: cf. OF. jamboier to walk.] A
fashionable cane. [Obs.] Tatler.
Jambes, Jambeux
Jambes (?), Jam"beux (?), n. pl. [From F. jambe a leg: cf. OF.
jambiere. See Jamb, n.] (Ancient Armor) In the Middle Ages, armor for
the legs below the knees. [Written also giambeux.] Chaucer.
Jambolana
Jam`bo*la"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. jambol&atil;o a kind of tropical fruit.]
(Bot.) A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America
(Calyptranthes Jambolana), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. It
bears an edible fruit.
Jamdani
Jam"da*ni (?), n. A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of
flowers. [Written also jamdanee.] Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Jamesonite
Ja"me*son*ite (?), n. [From Prof. Jameson, of Edinburgh.] (Min.) A
steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous massive. It
is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.
James's powder
James"'s pow`der (?). (Med.) Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr.
James, ar English physician; -- called also fever powder.
Jamestown weed
James"town` weed` (?). (Bot.) The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium
(Datura stramonium), a rank weed early noticed at Jamestown, Virginia.
See Datura.
NOTE: &hand; This name is often corrupted into jimson, jimpson, and
gympsum.
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Page 797
Jan
Jan (?), n. [Ar.] (Moham. Myth.) One of intermediate order between
angels and men.
Jane
Jane (?), n. [LL. Janua Genoa; L. Genua, also OE. Jean.]
1. A coin of Genoa; any small coin. Chaucer.
2. A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See Jean.
Jane-of-apes
Jane"-of-apes" (?), n. A silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to
jackanapes. Massinger.
Jangle
Jan"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jangling
(?).] [OE. janglen to quarrel, OF. jangler to rail, quarrel; of Dutch
or German origin; cf. D. jangelen, janken, to whimper, chide, brawl,
quarrel.]
1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.
2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip. "Thou
janglest as a jay." Chaucer.
3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.
Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree. Shak.
Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner.
Carlyle.
Jangle
Jan"gle, v. t. To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce
discordant sounds with.
Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh. Shak.
Jangle
Jan"gle, n. [Cf. OF.jangle.]
1. Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble. Chaucer.
2. Discordant sound; wrangling.
The musical jangle of sleigh bells. Longfellow.
Jangler
Jan"gler (?), n. [Cf. OF. jangleor.]
1. An idle talker; a babbler; a prater. Chaucer.
2. A wrangling, noisy fellow.
Jangleress
Jan"gler*ess, n. A female prater or babbler.
Janglery
Jan"gler*y, n. [Cf. OF. janglerie chattering, talk.] Jangling. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Jangling
Jan"gling (?), a. Producing discordant sounds. "A jangling noise."
Milton.
Jangling
Jan"gling, n.
1. Idle babbling; vain disputation.
From which some, having swerved, have turned aside unto vain
jangling. 1 Tim. i. 6.
2. Wrangling; altercation. Lamb.
Janissary
Jan"is*sa*ry (?), n. See Janizary.
Janitor
Jan"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. janua a door.] A door-keeper; a porter; one
who has the care of a public building, or a building occupied for
offices, suites of rooms, etc.
Janitress, Janitrix
Jan"i*tress (?), Jan"i*trix (?), n. [L. janitrix. See Janitor.] A
female janitor.
Janizar
Jan"i*zar` (?), n. A janizary. [R.] Byron.
Janizarian
Jan`i*za"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the janizaries, or their
government. Burke.
Janizary
Jan"i*za*ry (?), n.; pl. Janizaries (#). [F. janissaire, fr. Turk. ye
new soldiers or troops.] A soldier of a privileged military class,
which formed the nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed
in 1826. [written also janissary.]
Janker
Jan"ker (?), n. A long pole on two wheels, used in hauling logs.
[Scot.] Jamieson.
Jansenism
Jan"sen*ism (?), n. [F. Jans\'82nisme.] (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of
Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.
Jansenist
Jan"sen*ist, n. [F. Jans\'82niste.] (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of
Cornelius Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop of Ypres, in Flanders, in
the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and
the possibility of resisting divine grace.
Jant
Jant (?), v. i. See Jaunt.
Janthina
Jan"thi*na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ianthina.
Jantily
Jan"ti*ly (?), adv. See Jauntily.
Jantiness
Jan"ti*ness, n. See Jauntiness.
Jantu
Jan"tu (?) n. A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising
water to irrigate land. Knight.
Janty
Jan"ty (?), a. See Jaunty.
January
Jan"u*a*ry (?), n. [L. Januarius, fr. Janus an old Latin deity, the
god of the sun and the year, to whom the month of January was sacred;
cf. janua a door, Skr. y\'be to go.] The first month of the year,
containing thirty-one days.
NOTE: &hand; Be fore the adoption of New Style, the commencement of
the year was usually reckoned from March 25.
Janus
Ja"nus (?), n. [L. See January.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Latin deity
represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is
said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the
Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was
open in war and closed in peace. Dr. W. Smith. Janus cloth, a fabric
having both sides dressed, the sides being of different colors, --
used for reversible garments.
Janus-faced
Ja"nus-faced` (?), a. Double-faced; deceitful. Janus-faced lock, one
having duplicate faces so as to go upon a right or a left hand door,
the key entering on either side indifferently. Knight.
Janus-headed
Ja"nus-head`ed (?), a. Double-headed.
Japan
Ja*pan" (?), n. [From Japan, the country.] Work varnished and figured
in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in
japanning.
Japan
Ja*pan", a. Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of
that country; as, Japan ware. Japan allspice (Bot.), a spiny shrub
from Japan (Chimonanthus fragrans), related to the Carolina allspice.
-- Japan black (Chem.), a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish,
consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or
turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also Brunswick
black, Japan lacquer, or simply Japan. -- Japan camphor, ordinary
camphor brought from China or Japan, as distinguished from the rare
variety called borneol or Borneo camphor. -- Japan clover, OR Japan
pea (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Lespedeza striata) from Eastern Asia,
useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about
1860, but now become very common. During the Civil War it was called
variously Yankee clover and Rebel clover. -- Japan earth. See Catechu.
-- Japan ink, a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when dry.
-- Japan varnish, a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the Rhus
vernix, a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.
Japan
Ja*pan" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Japanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Japanning.]
1. To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of
the Japanese; to lacquer.
2. To give a glossy black to, as shoes. [R.] Gay.
Japanese
Jap`a*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.
Japanese
Jap`a*nese", n. sing. & pl.
1. A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan.
2. sing. The language of the people of Japan.
Japanned
Ja*panned" (?), a. Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese
manner. Japanned leather,leather treated with coatings of Japan
varnish, and dried in a stove. Knight.
Japanner
Ja*pan"ner (?), n.
1. One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in
the art.
2. A bootblack. [R.]
Japanning
Ja*pan"ning (?), n. The art or act of varnishing in the Japanese
manner.
Japannish
Ja*pan"nish (?), a. After the manner of the Japanese; resembling
japanned articles. Carlyle.
Jape
Jape (?), v. i. [Prob. from the same source as gab,influenced by F.
japper to yelp. See Gab to deceive.] To jest; to play tricks; to jeer.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Jape
Jape, v. t. To mock; to trick. Chaucer.
I have not been putting a jape upon you. Sir W. Scott.
The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has imparted his latest
merry jape. W. Besant.
Japer
Jap"er (?), n. A jester; a buffoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Japery
Jap"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. japerie a yelping.] Jesting; buffoonery.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Japhethite
Ja"pheth*ite (?), n. A Japhetite. Kitto.
Japhetic
Ja*phet"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the
sons of Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and Northern
Asia; Japhetic languages.
Japhetite
Ja"phet*ite (?), n. A descendant of Japheth.
Japonica
Ja*pon"i*ca (?), n. [NL., Japanese, fr. Japonia Japan.] (Bot.) A
species of Camellia (Camellia Japonica), a native of Japan, bearing
beautiful red or white flowers. Many other genera have species of the
same name.
Jar
Jar (?), n. [See Ajar.] A turn. [Only in phrase.] On the jar, on the
turn, ajar, as a door.
Jar
Jar (?), n. [F. jarre, Sp. jarra, from Ar. jarrah ewer; cf. Pers.
jarrah.]
1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding
fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of
honey; a rose jar. Dryden.
2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar
of preserves.
Bell jar, Leyden jar. See in the Vocabulary.
Jar
Jar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. jarring (?).]
[Cf. OE. charken to creak, AS. cearcian to gnash, F. jars a gander, L.
garrire to chatter, prate, OHG. kerran to chatter, croak, G. quarren
to grumble, and E. jargon, ajar.]
1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound
harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.
When such strings jar, what hope of harmony ? Shak.
A string may jar in the best master's hand. Roscommon.
2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to
quarrel; to dispute.
When those renowned noble peers Greece Through stubborn pride among
themselves did jar. Spenser.
For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist.
Milton.
Jar
Jar, v. t.
1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a
sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar
one's faith.
2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.]
My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar Their watches on
unto mine eyes. Shak.
Jar
Jar, n.
1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a
discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.
2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight
disagreement.
And yet his peace is but continual jar. Spenser.
Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace. Shak.
3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.
I love thee not a jar of the clock. Shak.
4. pl. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links,
for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it,
so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when
jammed.
Jararaca
Jar`a*ra"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A
poisonous serpent of Brazil (Bothrops jararaca), about eighteen inches
long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black
spots.
Jarble
Jar"ble (?), v. t. To wet; to bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Jardini\'8are
Jar`di`ni\'8are" (?), n. [F., fem. of jardinier gardener. See Garden.]
An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a
piece of decorative furniture in room.
Jards
Jards (?), n. [F. jarde, jardon.] (Far.) A callous tumor on the leg of
a horse, below the hock.
Jargle
Jar"gle (?), v. i. [Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to brawl, Icel.
jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk jargon. See Jargon
gabble.] To emit a harsh or discordant sound. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Jargon
Jar"gon (?), n. [F. jargon, OF. also gargon, perh. akin to E.
garrulous, or gargle.] Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish;
hence, an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. "A
barbarous jargon." Macaulay. "All jargon of the schools." Prior.
The jargon which serves the traffickers. Johnson.
<-- an idiom with frequent use of informal technical terms, as
acronyms, used by specialists -->
Jargon
Jar"gon (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jargon (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Jargoning.] To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible
sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.
The noisy jay, Jargoning like a foreigner at his food. Longfellow.
Jargon
Jar"gon, n. [E.jargon, It. jiargone; perh. fr. Pers. zarg
gold-colored, fr. zar gold. Cf. Zircon.] (Min.) A variety of zircon.
See Zircon.
Jargonelle
Jar`go*nelle" (?), n. [F. jargonelle a very gritty variety of pear.
See Jargon zircon.] A variety of pear which ripens early.
Jargonic
Jar*gon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.
Jargonist
Jar"gon*ist (?), n. One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or
slang. Macaulay.
Jarl
Jarl (?), n. [Icel., nobleman, chief. See Earl.] A chief; an earl; in
English history, one of the leaders in the Danish and Norse invasions.
Longfellow.
Jarnut
Jar"nut` (?), n. [Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. jordn\'94d.] (Bot.) An
earthnut. Dr. Prior.
Jarosite
Ja*ro"site (?), n. [From Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.] (Min.) An
ocher-yellow mineral occurring on minute rhombohedral crystals. It is
a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.
Jar-owl
Jar"-owl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The goatsucker.
Jarrah
Jar"rah (?), n. The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus
marginata. See Eucalyptus.
Jarring
Jar"ring (?), a. [See Jar.] Shaking; disturbing; discordant. "A
jarring sound." Dryden.
Jarring
Jar"ring n.
1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship,
caused by its engines.
2. Discord; a clashing of interests. "Endless jarrings and immortal
hate." Dryden.
Jarringly
Jar"ring*ly, adv. In a jarring or discordant manner.
Jarvey, Jarvy
Jar"vey, Jar"vy (?), n.
1. The driver of a hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.] Carlyle.
2. A hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.]
The litter at the bottom of the jarvy. T. Hook.
Jasey
Ja"sey (?), n. A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or
resembling, Jersey yarn. Thackeray.
Jashawk
Jas"hawk` (?), n. [A corruption of eyas hawk.] (Zo\'94l.) A young
hawk. Booth.
Jasmine
Jas"mine (?), n. [F. jasmin, Sp. jazmin, Ar. y\'besm\'c6n, Pers.
y\'besm\'c6n; cf. It. gesmino, gelsomino. Cf. Jessamine.] (Bot.) A
shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly
fragrant odor. The J. officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears
white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is J. Sambac, and, with J.
angustifolia, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false jasmine in
the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other plants are
called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of Calotropis and
Faramea. [Written also jessamine.] Cape jasmine, OR Cape jessamine,
the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of
China, and hardy in the Southern United States.
Jasp
Jasp (?), n. Jasper. [Obs.] Spenser.
Jaspachate
Jas"pa*chate (?), n. [L. iaspachates, Gr. (Min.) Agate jasper. [Obs.]
Jasper
Jas"per (?), n. [OE. jaspre, jaspe, OF. jaspre, jaspe, F. jaspe, L.
iaspis, Gr. yashp, yashf, Ar.yashb, yasb, yasf, Heb. y\'beshpheh. Cf.
Diaper.] (Min.) An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow,
and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a
high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the
colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped OR banded jasper.
The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper. Jasper opal, a yellow
variety of opal resembling jasper. -- Jasper ware, a delicate kind of
earthenware invented by Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is
capable of receiving color.
Jasperated
Jas"per*a`ted (?), a. mixed with jasper; containing particles of
jasper; as, jasperated agate.
Jasperize
Jas"per*ize (?), v. t. [Usually p. p. Jasperized ( To convert into, or
make to resemble, jasper.
Polished specimens of jasperized and agatized woods. Pop. Sci.
Monthly.
Jaspery
Jas"per*y (?), a. Of the nature of jasper; mixed with jasper.
Jaspidean, Jaspideous
Jas*pid"e*an (?), Jas*pid"e*ous (?), a. [L. iaspideus. See Jasper.]
Consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery; jasperlike.
Jaspilite
Jas"pi*lite (?), n. [Jasper + -lite.] (Min.) A compact siliceous rock
resembling jasper.
Jaspoid
Jas"poid (?), a. [F. jaspo\'8bde; jaspe jasper + Gr. Resembling
jasper. [R.]
Jasponyx
Jasp`o"nyx (?), n. [L. iasponyx, Gr. . See Jasper, and Onyx.] (min.)
An onyx, part or all of whose layers consist of jasper.
Jatrophic
Ja*troph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of
plants of the genus Jatropha.
Jaunce
Jaunce (?), v. i. [OF. jancer. Cf. Jounce, Jaunt.] To ride hard; to
jounce. [Obs.]
Spurr'd, galled and tired by jauncing Bolingbroke. Shak.
Jaundice
Jaun"dice (?; 277), n. [OE. jaunis, F. jaunisse, fr. jaune yellow,
orig. jalne, fr. L. galbinus yellowish, fr. galbus yellow.] (Med.) A
morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and
urine, whiteness of the f\'91ces, constipation, uneasiness in the
region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and
lassitude. It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages
and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then
absorbed into the blood. Blue jaundice. See Cyanopathy.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 798
Jaundice
Jaun"dice (?), v. t. To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or
envy; to prejudice.
The envy of wealth jaundiced his soul. Ld. Lytton.
Jaundiced
Jaun"diced (?), a.
1. affected with jaundice.
Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow. Bp. Hall.
2. Prejudiced; envious; as, a jaundiced judgment.
Jaunt
Jaunt (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jaunting.]
[Cf. Scot. jaunder to ramble, jaunt to taunt, jeer, dial. Sw. ganta to
play the buffoon, romp, jest; perh. akin to E. jump. Cf. Jaunce.]
1. To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.
2. To ride on a jaunting car.
Jaunting car, a kind of low-set open vehicle, used in Ireland, in
which the passengers ride sidewise, sitting back to back. [Written
also jaunty car.] Thackeray.
Jaunt
Jaunt, v. t. To jolt; to jounce. [Obs.] Bale.
Jaunt
Jaunt, n.
1. A wearisome journey. [R.]
Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind After his a\'89ry jaunt,
though hurried sore. Hungry and cold, betook him to his rest.
Milton.
2. A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short
journey.
Jauntily
Jaun"ti*ly (?), adv. In a jaunty manner.
Jauntiness
Jaun"ti*ness, n. The quality of being jaunty.
That jauntiness of air I was once master of. Addison.
Jaunty
Jaun"ty (?), a. [Compar. Jauntier (?); superl. Jauntiest.] [Formerly
spelt janty, fr. F. gentil. See Gentle, and cf. Genty.] Airy; showy;
finical; hence, characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.
Java
Ja"va (?), n.
1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the
Netherlands.
2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java.
Java cat (Zo\'94l.), the musang. -- Java sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a species
of finch (Padda oryzivora), native of Java, but very commonly kept as
a cage bird; -- called also ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the
upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and tail black, the under
parts delicate rose, and the cheeks white. The bill is large and red.
A white variety is also kept as a cage bird.
Javanese
Jav`a*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of
Java. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Java.
Javel
Jav"el (?), n. A vagabond. [Obs.] Spenser.
Javelin
Jave"lin (?), n. [F. javeline; akin to Sp. jabalina, It. giavelina,
and F. javelot, OF. gavlot. Cf. Gavelock.] A sort of light spear, to
be thrown or cast by thew hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by
horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar
and other fierce game.
Flies the javelin swifter to its mark, Launched by the vigor of a
Roman arm? Addison.
Javelin
Jave"lin, v. t. To pierce with a javelin. [R.] Tennyson.
Javelinier
Jave`lin*ier" (?), n. A soldier armed with a javelin. Holland.
Jaw
Jaw (?), n. [A modification of chaw, formed under the influence of F.
joue the cheek. See Chaw, Chew.]
1. (Anat.) (a) One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the
framework of the mouth. (b) Hence, also, the bone itself with the
teeth and covering. (c) In the plural, the mouth.
2. Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action;
esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the
jaws of darkness; the jaws of death. Shak.
3. (Mach.) (a) A notch or opening. (b) A notched or forked part,
adapted for holding an object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car
pedestal. See Axle guard. (b) One of a pair of opposing parts which
are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing
anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a
stone-crushing machine.
4. (Naut.) The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle
so as to move freely on a mast.
5.
Impudent or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley. Jaw bit
(Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle
box. --
Jaw breaker, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.]<-- also, a piece of
hard candy --> -- Jaw rope (Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a
gaff to the mast. -- Jaw tooth, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.
Jaw
Jaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jawing.] To scold;
to clamor. [Law] <-- generally, to talk, esp. long-windedly or without
special purpose --> Smollett.
Jaw
Jaw, v. t. To assail or abuse by scolding. [Law]
Jawbone
Jaw"bone` (?), n. The bone of either jaw; a maxilla or a mandible. <--
Jawbone. v. t. & i. To attempt to influence solely by talking, as
contrasted with threatening or inducing by other means, e.g.
legislation; esp. (1969, MW10) the use of public appeals by the
President or other high government officials to influence the behavior
of businessmen or labor leaders. "Jawbone them into forgoing price
increases." -->
Jawed
Jawed (?), a. Having jaws; -- chiefly in composition; as,
lantern-jawed. "Jawed like a jetty." Skelton.
Law-fall
Law"-fall` (?), n. Depression of the jaw; hence, depression of
spirits. M. Griffith (1660).
Jaw-fallen
Jaw"-fall`en (?), a. Dejected; chopfallen.
Jawfoot
Jaw"foot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Maxilliped.
Jawing
Jaw"ing, n. Scolding; clamorous or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley.
Jawn
Jawn (?), v. i. See Yawn. [Obs.] Marston.
Jawy
Jaw"y (?), a. Relating to the jaws. Gayton.
Jay
Jay (?), n. [F. geai, OF. gai, jaj, perh. fr. OHG. g\'behi. Cf. Gay.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to
Garrulus, Cyanocitta, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows,
but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and
usually have a crest.
NOTE: &hand; Th e European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a large and
handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown,
lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts
barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a
large spot on the wings, white. Called also jay pie, Jenny jay, and
k\'91. The common blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata.), and the related
species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest.
The California jay (Aphelocoma Californica), the Florida jay (A.
Floridana), and the green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa), of Texas and
Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay
(Perisoreus Canadensis), and several allied species, are much
plainer and have no crest. See Blue jay, and Whisky jack.
Jay thrush (Zo\'94l.), any one several species of Asiatic singing
birds, of the genera Garrulax, Grammatoptila, and related genera of
the family Crateropodid\'91; as; the white-throated jay thrush (G.
albogularis), of India.
Jayet
Jay"et (?), n. (Min.) See Jet. [Obs.]
Jayhawker
Jay"hawk`er (?), n. A name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed
man or guerrilla.
NOTE: [A term of opprobrium used in the war of 1861-65, U. S.]
Jazel
Ja"zel (?), n. A gem of an azure color. [Obs.]
Jazerant
Jaz"er*ant (?), n. [OF. jacerant, jaseran, Sp. jacerina, cota
jacerina, fr. jazarino Algerine, fr. Ar. jaz\'be\'c6r Algiers.] A coat
of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon linen or the like;
also, this kind of armor taken generally; as, a coat of jazerant.
Jealous
Jeal"ous (?), a. [OE. jalous, gelus, OF. jalous, F. jaloux, LL.
zelosus zealous, fr. zelus emulation, zeal, jealousy, Gr. Zeal, and
cf. Zealous.]
1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.
I have been very jeolous for the Lord God of hosts. Kings xix. 10.
How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute! Dr. H.
More.
2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.
'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these, Renders us jealous
and disturbs our peace. Waller.
The people are so jealous of the clergy's ambition. Swift.
3. Exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.
Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is
Jealous, is a jealous God. Ex. xxxiv. 14.
4. Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection;
apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity
of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or
preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness
of husband, wife, or lover.
If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his
wife. Num. v. 14.
To both these sisters have I sworn my love: Each jealous of the
other, as the stung Are of the adder. Shak.
It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the
wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she
find him jealous. Bacon.
Syn. -- Suspicious; anxious; envious. Jealous, Suspicious. Suspicious
is the wider term. We suspect a person when we distrust his honesty
and imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous when we suspect him
of aiming to deprive us of what we dearly prize. Iago began by
awakening the suspicions of Othello, and converted them at last into
jealousy. "Suspicion may be excited by some kind of accusation, not
supported by evidence sufficient for conviction, but sufficient to
trouble the repose of confidence." "Jealousy is a painful apprehension
of rivalship in cases that are peculiarly interesting to us." Cogan.
Jealoushood
Jeal"ous*hood (?), n. Jealousy. [Obs.] Shak.
Jealously
Jeal"ous*ly, adv. In a jealous manner.
Jealousness
Jeal"ous*ness, n. State or quality of being jealous.
Jealousy
Jeal"ous*y (?), n.; pl. Jealousies (#). [ F. jalousie. See Jealous,
and cf. Jalousie.] The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or
solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly
affecting one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of
husband, wife, or lover.
I was jealous for jealousy. Zech. viii. 2.
Jealousy is the . . . apprehension of superiority. Shenstone.
Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to
deserve our fondness. Rambler.
Jeames
Jeames (?), n. [Corrup. of James.] A footman; a flunky. [Slang, Eng.]
Thackeray.
Jean
Jean (?), n. [Prob. named from Genoa. See Jane.] A twilled cotton
cloth. Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the
manner of satin.
Jears
Jears (?), n. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).
Jeat
Jeat (?), n. (Min.) See Jet. [Obs.]
Jedding ax
Jed"ding ax` (?), n. A stone mason's tool, having a flat face and a
pointed part. Knight.
Jee
Jee (?), v. t. & i. See Gee.
Jeel
Jeel (?), n. [Hind. jh\'c6l.] A morass; a shallow lake. [Written also
jhil.] [India] Whitworth.
Jeer
Jeer (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] (Naut.) (a) A gear; a tackle. (b) pl. An
assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the
lower yards of a ship. Jeer capstan (Naut.), an extra capstan usually
placed between the foremast and mainmast.
Jeer
Jeer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jeering.] [Perh.
a corrup. of cheer to salute with cheers, taken in an ironical sense;
or more prob. fr. D. gekscheren to jeer, lit., to shear the fool; gek
a fool (see 1st Geck) + scheren to shear. See Shear, v.] To utter
sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision;
to use taunting language; to scoff; as, to jeer at a speaker.
But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer. Spenser.
Syn. -- To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.
Jeer
Jeer (?), v. t. To treat with scoffs or derision; to address with
jeers; to taunt; to flout; to mock at.
And if we can not jeer them, we jeer ourselves. B. Jonson.
Jeer
Jeer, n. A railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting
jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery.
Midas, exposed to all their jeers, Had lost his art, and kept his
ears. Swift.
Jeerer
Jeer"er (?), n. A scoffer; a railer; a mocker.
Jeering
Jeer"ing, a. Mocking; scoffing. -- n. A mocking utterance. --
Jeer"ing*ly, adv.
Jeers
Jeers (?), n. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).
Jeff Kendall
Jeff Kendall, n. Formatter of this gutenberg etext. jeff@jeffkendall.org.
Jeffersonia
Jef`fer*so"ni*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Bot.) An
American herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and deeply
two-cleft leaves (Jeffersonia diphylla); twinleaf.
Jeffersonian
Jef`fer*so"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas
Jefferson or his policy or political doctrines. Lowell.
Jeffersonite
Jef"fer*son*ite (?), n. [Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Min.) A
variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown. It
contains zinc.
Jeg
Jeg (?), n. (Mach.) See Jig, 6.
Jehovah
Je*ho"vah (?), n. [Heb. usually y&ecr;h&omac;v\'beh (with the vowel
points of &acr;d&omac;n\'bei Lord), sometimes (to avoid repetition)
y&ecr;h&omac;vih (with the vowel points of &ecr;l&omac;h\'c6m God);
but only the four Heb, consonants yhvh are conceded to be certainly
known.] A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was
revealed to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of the
theocracy; the "ineffable name" of the Supreme Being, which was not
pronounced by the Jews.
Jehovist
Je*ho"vist (?), n.
1. One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in
Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to adonist.
2. The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those
of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled Jehovah. See
Elohist.
The characteristic manner of the Jehovist differs from that of his
predecessor [the Elohist]. He is fuller and freer in his
descriptions; more reflective in his assignment of motives and
causes; more artificial in mode of narration. S. Davidson.
Jehovistic
Je`ho*vis"tic (?), a. Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name
of God; -- said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of
the Pentateuch, in which Jehovah appears as the name of the Deity. See
Elohistic.
Jehu
Je"hu (?), n. [From Jehu, son of Nimshi. 2 Kings ix. 20.] A coachman;
a driver; especially, one who drives furiously. [Colloq.]
Jejunal
Je*ju"nal (?), a. Pertaining to the jejunum.
Jejune
Je*june" (?), a. [L. jejunus fasting, hungry, dry, barren, scanty; of
unknown origin.]
1. Lacking matter; empty; void of substance.
2. Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune narrative. -
Je*june"ly, adv. -- Je*june"ness, n. Bacon.
Jefunity
Je*fu"ni*ty (?), n. The quality of being jejune; jejuneness.
Jejunum
Je*ju"num (?), n. [NL., fr. L. jejunus empty, dry.] (Anat.) The middle
division of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum; -- so
called because usually found empty after death.
Jelerang
Jel"er*ang (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsome
squirrel (Sciurus Javensis), native of Java and Southern Asia; --
called also Java squirrel.
Jell
Jell (?), v. i. To jelly. [Colloq.]
Jellied
Jel"lied (?), a. Brought to the state or consistence of jelly.
Jelly
Jel"ly (?), n.; pl. Jellies (#). [ Formerly gelly, gely, F. gel\'82e
jelly, frost, fr. geler to freeze. L. gelare; akin to gelu frost. See
Gelid.]
1. Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent
substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened
solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.
2. The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic
consistence; as, currant jelly; calf's-foot jelly.
Jelly bag, a bag through which the material for jelly is strained. --
Jelly mold, a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes. -- Jelly
plant (Bot.), Australian name of an edible seaweed (Eucheuma
speciosum), from which an excellent jelly is made. J. Smith. -- Jelly
powder, an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and collodion cotton;
-- so called from its resemblance to calf's-foot jelly.
Jelly
Jel"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jellied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jellying.] To
become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.
Jellyfish
Jel"ly*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of
the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See Medusa.
Jemidar
Jem"i*dar` (?), n. [Per. & Hind. jama-d\'ber.] The chief or leader of
a hand or body of persons; esp., in the native army of India, an
officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant in the English
army. [Written also jemadar, jamadar.]
Jemlah goat
Jem"lah goat` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The jharal.
Jemminess
Jem"mi*ness (?), n. Spruceness. [Slang, Eng.] Pegge (1814).
Jemmy
Jem"my (?), a. [Cf. Gim, and Gimp, a.] Spruce. [Slang, Eng.] Smart.
Jemmy
Jem"my, n.
1. A short crowbar. See Jimmy.
2. A baked sheep's head. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.
Jeniquen
Je*ni"quen (?), n. [Sp. jeniquen.] (Bot.) A Mexican name for the Sisal
hemp (Agave rigida, var. Sisalana); also, its fiber. [Written also
hen\'c6equen.]
Jenite
Je"nite (?), n. (Min.) See Yenite.
Jenkins
Jen"kins (?), n. name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in
social or official life; as, the Jenkins employed by a newspaper.
[Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] G. W. Curtis.
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Jennet
Jen"net (?), n. [F. genet, Sp. jinete, orig., a mounted soldier, Ar.
zen\'beta a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its cavalry.] A small
Spanish horse; a genet.
Jenneting
Jen"net*ing, n. [Prob. fr. a dim. of Jean John, so named as becoming
ripe about St. John's day, June 24. F. Jean is fr. L. Johannes. See
Zany.] A variety of early apple. See Juneating. [Written also
geniting.]
Jenny
Jen"ny (?), n.; pl. Jennies (.
1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A familiar name of the European wren.
Jenny ass (Zo\'94l.), a female ass.
Jenny
Jen"ny, n. [A corruption of gin an engine; influenced by Jenny, the
proper name. See Gin an engine, and cf. Ginny-carriage.] A machine for
spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in factories.
Jentling
Jent"ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Leuciscus; the blue
chub of the Danube.
Jeofail
Jeof"ail (?), n. [F. j'ai failli I have failed.] (Law) An oversight in
pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or oversight. Blackstone.
Jeopard
Jeop"ard (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeoparded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jeoparding.] [From Jeopardy.] To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or
injury; to imperil; to hazard. Sir T. North.
A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death. Judg. v. 18.
Syn. -- To hazard; risk; imperil; endanger; expose.
Jeoparder
Jeop"ard*er (?), n. One who puts in jeopardy. [R.]
Jeopardize
Jeop"ard*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeopardized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Jeopardizing (?).] To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard.
That he should jeopardize his willful head Only for spite at me. H.
Taylor.
Jeopardous
Jeop"ard*ous (?), a. Perilous; hazardous.
His goodly, valiant, and jeopardous enterprise. Fuller.
-- Jeop"ard*ous*ly, adv. Huloet.
Jeopardy
Jeop"ard*y (?), n. [OE. jupartie, juperti, jeuparti, OF. jeu parti an
even game, a game in which the chances are even; OF. jeu, ju, F. jeu
(L. jocus jest) + F. partier to divide, L. partire to divide. See
Joke, and Part.] Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.
There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled
with water, and were in jeopardy. Luke viii. 23.
Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy. Shak.
Syn. -- Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See Danger.
Jeopardy
Jeop"ard*y, v. t. To jeopardize. [R.] Thackeray.
Jerboa
Jer*bo"a (?), n. [Ar. yarb.] (Zo\'94l.) Any small jumping rodent of
the genus Dipus, esp. D. \'92gyptius, which is common in Egypt and the
adjacent countries. The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long
tail. [Written also gerboa.]
NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is al so ap plied to ot her small jumping
rodents, as the Pedetes Caffer, of the Cape of Good Hope.
Jerboa kangaroo (Zo\'94l.), small Australian kangaroo (Bettongia
penicillata), about the size of a common hare.
Jereed
Jer*eed" (?), n. [Ar. jer\'c6d. Cf. Djereed.] A blunt javelin used by
the people of the Levant, especially in mock fights. [Written also
jerreed, jerid.] Byron.
Jeremiad, Jeremiade
Jer`e*mi"ad, Jer`e*mi"ade, n. [From Jeremiah, the prophet: cf. F.
j\'82r\'82miade.] A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a
doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically.
He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad. Lamb.
Jerfalcon
Jer"fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gyrfalcon.
Jerguer
Jer"guer (?), n. See Jerquer.
Jerid
Jer*id" (?), n. Same as Jereed.
Jerk
Jerk (?), v. t. [Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.] To cut
into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, jerk beef. See
Charqui.
Jerk
Jerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jerked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jerking.] [Akin
to yerk, and perh. also to yard a measure.]
1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] Florio.
2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist,
to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off.
3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as,
to jerk a stone.
Jerk
Jerk, v. i.
1. To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts.
Milton.
2. To flout with contempt.
Jerk
Jerk, n.
1. A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar
motion.
His jade gave him a jerk. B. Jonson.
2. A sudden start or spring.
Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks or springs. Grew.
Jerker
Jerk"er (?), n.
1. A beater. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. One who jerks or moves with a jerk.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A North American river chub (Hybopsis biguttatus).
Jerkin
Jer"kin (?), n. [Dim. of D. jurk a frock.] A jacket or short coat; a
close waistcoat. Shak.
Jerkin
Jer"kin, n. (Zo\'94l.) A male gyrfalcon.
Jerking
Jerk"ing (?), n. The act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a
jerk. -- Jerk"ing*ly, adv.
Jerkinhead
Jer"kin*head` (?), n. (Arch.) The hipped part of a roof which is
hipped only for a part of its height, leaving a truncated gable.
Jerky
Jerk"y (?), a. Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt
transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.
Jermoonal
Jer*moon"al (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Himalayan now partridge.
Jeronymite
Je*ron"y*mite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One belonging of the medi\'91val
religious orders called Hermits of St. Jerome. [Written also
Hieronymite.]
Jeropigia
Jer`o*pig"i*a (?), n. See Geropigia.
Jerquer
Jer"quer (?), n. [Cf. F. chercher to search, E. search.] A customhouse
officer who searches ships for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written also
jerguer.]
Jerquing
Jer"quing (?), n. The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.]
[Written also jerguer.]
Jerquing
Jer"quing (?), n. The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.]
Jerry-built
Jer"ry-built` (?), a. Built hastily and of bad materials; as,
jerry-built houses. [Colloq. Eng.]
Jersey
Jer"sey (?), n.; pl. Jerseys (#). [From Jersey, the largest of the
Channel Islands.]
1. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine
yarn of wool.
2. A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket
or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet).
3. One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are noted
for the richness of their milk.
Jerusalem
Je*ru"sa*lem (?), n. [Gr. Y.] The chief city of Palestine, intimately
associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death
of Jesus Christ. Jerusalem artichoke [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole
i.e., sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar.] (Bot.) (a) An American
plant, a perennial species of sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus), whose
tubers are sometimes used as food. (b) One of the tubers themselves.
-- Jerusalem cherry (Bot.), the popular name of either of either of
two species of Solanum (S. Pseudo-capsicum and S. capsicastrum),
cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries of
about the size of cherries. -- Jerusalem oak (Bot.), an aromatic
goosefoot (Chenopodium Botrys), common about houses and along
roadsides. -- Jerusalem sage (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint
family (Phlomis tuberosa). -- Jerusalem thorn (Bot.), a spiny,
leguminous tree (Parkinsonia aculeata), widely dispersed in warm
countries, and used for hedges. -- The New Jerusalem, Heaven; the
Celestial City.
Jervine
Jer"vine (?), n. [Prob. fr. Sp. yerba herb, OSp., the poison of the
veratrum.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and
found with it in white hellebore (Veratrum album); -- called also
jervina.
Jess
Jess (?), n.; pl. Jesses (#). [OF. gies, giez, prop. pl. of giet, get,
jet, F. jet, a throwing, jess. See Jet a shooting forth.] (falconry) A
short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to
which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand, was
attached when used. See Illust. of Falcon.
Like a hawk, which feeling freed From bells and jesses which did
let her flight. Spenser.
Jessamine
Jes"sa*mine (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Jasmine.
Jessant
Jes"sant (?), a. (Her.) Springing up or emerging; -- said of a plant
or animal.
Jesse
Jes"se (?), n. [LL.Jesse, the father of David, fr. Gr. Yishai.] Any
representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative
art; as: (a) A genealogical tree represented in stained glass. (b) A
candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some
one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called also tree of Jesse. Jesse
window (Arch.), a window of which the glazing and tracery represent
the tree of Jesse.
Jessed
Jessed (?), a. (Her.) Having jesses on, as a hawk.
Jest
Jest (?), n. [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF. geste,
LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere
to bear, carry, accomplish, perform; perh. orig., to make to come,
bring, and perh. akin to E. come. Cf. Gest a deed, Register, n.]
1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.]
The jests or actions of princes. Sir T. Elyot.
2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] Nares.
He promised us, in honor of our guest, To grace our banquet with
some pompous jest. Kyd.
3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a
jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i.
I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests. Shak.
The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his
jests, and to his imagination for his facts. Sheridan.
4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.
Then let me be your jest; I deserve it. Shak.
In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in
earnest.
And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak.
-- Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and
amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.
Jest
Jest, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jested; p. pr. & vb. n. Jesting.]
1. To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or
interlude. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of
anything.
He jests at scars that never felt a wound. Shak.
Syn. -- To joke; sport; rally. -- To Jest, Joke. One jests in order to
make others laugh; one jokes to please himself. A jest is usually at
the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a joke is a sportive
sally designed to promote good humor without wounding the feelings of
its object. "Jests are, therefore, seldom harmless; jokes frequently
allowable. The most serious subject may be degraded by being turned
into a jest." Crabb.
Jester
Jest"er, n. [Cf. Gestour.]
1. A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.
This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's jester. Shak.
Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear. Longfellow.
2. A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing
talk.
He ambled up and down With shallow jesters. Shak.
Jestful
Jest"ful (?), a. Given to jesting; full of jokes.
Jesting
Jest"ing, a. Sportive; not serious; fit for jests.
He will find that these are no jesting matters. Macaulay
.
Jesting
Jest"ing, n. The act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry.
Eph. v. 4.
Jestingly
Jest"ing*ly, adv. In a jesting manner.
Jesuit
Jes"u*it (?), n. [F. J\'82suite, Sp. Jesuita: cf. It. Gesuita.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola,
and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus.
NOTE: &hand; Th e order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the
Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers.
The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes
his first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some
years after, at the close of a second novitiate, he takes his
second vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed. The
Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which only the pope can
dispense, requiring them to go wherever the pope may send them for
missionary duty. The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are
employed in general missionary labors. The Society is governed by a
General who holds office for life. He has associated with him
"Assistants" (five at the present time), representing different
provinces. The Society was first established in the United States
in 1807. The Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high
degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their enemies, have
been generally reputed to use art and intrigue in promoting or
accomplishing their purposes, whence the words Jesuit, Jesuitical,
and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense.
2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer.
Jesuits' bark, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of
Cinchona; -- so called because its medicinal properties were first
made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America. --
Jesuits' drops. See Friar's balsam, under Friar. -- Jesuits' nut, the
European water chestnut. -- Jesuits' powder, powdered cinchona bark.
-- Jesuits' tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and
medicinally.
Jesuited
Jes"u*it*ed, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits. Milton.
Jesuitess
Jes"u*it*ess, n. [Cf. F. J\'82suitesse.] (R. C. Hist.) One of an order
of nuns established on the principles of the Jesuits, but suppressed
by Pope Urban in 1633.
Jesuitic, Jesuitical
Jes`u*it"ic (?), Jes`u*it"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. j\'82suitique.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Jesuits, or to their principles and
methods.
2. Designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious use of the
word. Dryden.
Jesuitically
Jes`u*it"ic*al*ly, adv. In a jesuitical manner.
Jesuitism
Jes"u*it*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. j\'82suitisme.]
1. The principles and practices of the Jesuits.
2. Cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose; subtle
argument; -- an opprobrious use of the word.
Jesuitocracy
Jes`u*it*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Jesuit + -cracy, as in aristocracy.]
Government by Jesuits; also, the whole body of Jesuits in a country.
[R.] C. Kingsley.
Jesuitry
Jes"u*it*ry (?), n. Jesuitism; subtle argument. [R.] Carlyle.
Jesus
Je"sus (?), n. [L. Jesus, Gr. Y\'82sh; Y\'beh Jehovah + h to help.]
The Savior; the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to
his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction from
Christ, his official appellation. Luke i. 31.
Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people from
their sins. Matt. i. 21.
NOTE: &hand;The form Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative.
Jesu, do thou my soul receive. Keble.
The Society of Jesus. See Jesuit.
Jet
Jet (?), n. Same as 2d Get. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Jet
Jet, n. [OF. jet, jayet, F. ja\'8bet, jais, L. gagates, fr. Gr.
[written also jeat, jayet.] (Min.) A variety of lignite, of a very
compact texture and velvet black color, susceptible of a good polish,
and often wrought into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly
called also black amber. Jet ant (Zo\'94l.), a blackish European ant
(Formica fuliginosa), which builds its nest of a paperlike material in
the trunks of trees.
Jet
Jet, n. [F. jet, OF. get, giet, L. jactus a throwing, a throw, fr.
jacere to throw. Cf. Abject, Ejaculate, Gist, Jess, Jut.]
1. A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as of
water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also, that which
issues in a jet.
2. Drift; scope; range, as of an argument. [Obs.]
3. The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold.
Knight.
Jet propeller (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels by means of a
forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a centrifugal
pump. -- Jet pump, a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water,
or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its
impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.
Jet
Jet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jetting.] [F.
jeter, L. jactare, freq. fr. jacere to throw. See 3d Jet, and cf.
Jut.]
1. To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to
obtrude. [Obs.]
he jets under his advanced plumes! Shak.
To jet upon a prince's right. Shak.
2. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. [Obs.] Wiseman.
3. To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.
Jet
Jet, v. t. To spout; to emit in a stream or jet.
A dozen angry models jetted steam. Tennyson.
Jet-black
Jet"-black` (?), a. Black as jet; deep black.
Jet d'eau
Jet` d'eau" (?), pl. Jets d'eau (. [F., a throw of water. See Jet a
shooting forth.] A stream of water spouting from a fountain or pipe
(especially from one arranged to throw water upward), in a public
place or in a garden, for ornament.
Jeterus
Jet"e*rus (?), n. (Bot.) A yellowness of the parts of plants which are
normally green; yellows.
Jetsam, Jetson
Jet"sam (?), Jet"son (?), n. [F. jeter to throw: cf. OF. getaison a
throwing. Cf. Flotsam, Jettison.]
1. (Mar. Law) Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain
under water; -- distinguished from flotsam, goods which float, and
ligan, goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.
2. Jettison. See Jettison, 1.
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<-- remainder of previous definition (Jetsam) at top of p. 800 was
transferred to the file W700-799 --> <-- jet set. an international
group of wealthy individuals who travel frequently to international
resorts. -- the group is not organized, but membership defined solely
by frequent travel for pleasure -- [from jet plane, the conveyance
used in their travels.] jet-setter a member of the jet set.
jet-setting. frequent international travel for pleasure, as contrasted
with business. -->
Jetteau
Jet"teau (?), n. See Jet d'eau. [R.] Addison.
Jettee
Jet"tee (?), n. See Jetty, n. Burke.
Jetter
Jet"ter (?), n. One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop.
[Obs.] Palsgrave.
Jettison
Jet"ti*son (?). n. [See Jetsam.]
1. (Mar. Law) The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order
to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.
2. See Jetsam, 1.
Jetton
Jet"ton (?), n. [F. jeton.] A metal counter used in playing cards.
Jetty
Jet"ty (?), a. Made of jet, or like jet in color.
The people . . . are of a jetty. Sir T. Browne.
Jetty
Jet"ty, n.; pl. Jetties (#). [F.jet\'82e a pier, a jetty, a causeway.
See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Jutty.]
1. (Arch.) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest,
and overhangs the wall below.
2. A wharf or pier extending from the shore.
3. (Hydraul. Engin.) A structure of wood or stone extended into the
sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole;
as, the Eads system of jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
Jetty ad (Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front
of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.
Jetty
Jet"ty, v. i. To jut out; to project. [Obs.] Florio.
Jeu d'esprit
Jeu" d'es`prit" (?). [F., play of mind.] A witticism.
Jew
Jew (?), n. [OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr. Y Judah, son of
Jacob. Cf. Judaic.] Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom
of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member
of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite. Jew's frankincense, gum
styrax, or benzoin. -- Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus
olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India
for its fiber. -- Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. -- The Wandering
Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to the Savior during
his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second
coming.
Jewbush
Jew"bush` (?), n. (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus
Pedilanthus (P. tithymaloides), found in the West Indies, and
possessing powerful emetic and drastic qualities.
Jewel
Jew"el (?), n. [OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F. joyau,
dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See Joy.]
1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having
enamel or precious stones as a part of its design.
Plate of rare device, and jewels Of rich and exquisite form. Shak.
2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak.
3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. "Our
prince (jewel of children)." Shak.
4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or
precious stone, as a ruby.
Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which
the halyard of a studding sail is rove.
Jewel
Jew"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeweled (?), or Jewelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Jeweling, or Jewelling.] To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels,
as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels.<--
Most common p.p. = bejeweled, bejewelled -->
The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew. M. Arnold.
Jeweler
Jew"el*er (?), n. [Cf. F.joaillier.] One who makes, or deals in,
jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments. [Written also
jeweller.] Jeweler's gold. See under Gold.
Jewellery
Jew"el*ler*y (?), n. See Jewelry. Burke.
Jewelry
Jew"el*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. joaillerie.]
1. The art or trade of a jeweler. Cotgrave.
2. Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.
Jewelweed
Jew"el*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Impatiens.
Jewess
Jew"ess, n., fem. of Jew. A Hebrew woman.
Jewfish
Jew"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
1. A very large serranoid fish (Promicrops itaiara) of Florida and the
Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the weight of five hundred pounds.
Its color is olivaceous or yellowish, with numerous brown spots.
Called also guasa, and warsaw.
2. A similar gigantic fish (Stereolepis gigas) of Southern California,
valued as a food fish.
3. The black grouper of Florida and Texas.
4. A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.
Jewise
Jew*ise" (?), n. Same as Juise. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Jewish
Jew"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews;
characteristic of or resembling the Jews or their customs;
Israelitish. -- Jew"ish*ly, adv. -- Jew"ish*ness, n.
Jewry
Jew"ry (?), n. [OE. Jewerie, OF. Juierie, F. Juiverie.] Judea; also, a
district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter. Chaucer.
Teaching throughout all Jewry. Luke xxiii. 5.
Jew's-ear
Jew's"-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of fungus (Hirneola
Auricula-Jud\'91, OR Auricula), bearing some resemblance to the human
ear.
Jew's-harp
Jew's-harp` (?), n. [Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt. of jaw's harp;
cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.]1. An instrument of music, which,
when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue
struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; --
called also Jew's-trump.
2. (Naut.) The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor.
Jew's-stone, Jewstone
Jew's-stone` (?), Jew"stone` (?), n. (Paleon.) A large clavate spine
of a fossil sea urchin.
Jezebel
Jez"e*bel (?), n. [From Jezebel, Heb. Izebel, the wife of Ahab king of
Israel.] A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. Spectator.
Jharal
Jha"ral (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A wild goat (Capra Jemlaica)
which inhabits the loftiest mountains of India. It has long, coarse
hair, forming a thick mane on its head and neck.
Jib
Jib (?), n. [Named from its shifting from side to side. See Jib, v.
i.., Jibe.]
1. (Naut.) A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from
the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large
vessels often carry several jibe; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying
jib; etc.
2. (Mach.) The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is
suspended.
Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the
bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the flying
jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] -- Jib crane (Mach.), a crane
having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load. --
Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without dressings
or moldings; a disguised door. -- Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail,
shaped like a jib; a jib-headed topsail. -- Jib topsail (Naut.), a
small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs. -- The cut of
one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.
Jib
Jib (?), v. i. [Connected with jibe; cf. OF. giber to shake.] To move
restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk. [Written
also jibb.] [Eng.]
Jibber
Jib"ber (?), n. A horse that jibs. [Eng.]
Jibe
Jibe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jibing (?).]
[Cf. Dan. gibbe, D. gijpen, v. i., and dial. Sw. gippa to jerk. Cf.
Jib, n. & v. i.] (Naut.) To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail,
from one side of a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the
quarter. See Gybe.
Jibe
Jibe, v. i.
1. (Naut.) To change a ship's course so as to cause a shifting of the
boom. See Jibe, v. t., and Gybe.
2. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq.] Bartlett.
Jiffy
Jif"fy (?), n. [Perh. corrupt. fr. gliff.] [Written also giffy.] A
moment; an instant; as, I will be ready in a jiffy. [Colloq.] J. & H.
Smith.
Jig
Jig (?), n. [OF. gigue a stringed instrument, a kind of dance, F.
gigue dance, tune, gig; of German origin; cf. MHG. g\'c6ge fiddle, G.
geige. Cf. Gig a fiddle, Gig a whirligig.]
1. (Mus.) A light, brisk musical movement.
Hot and hasty, like a Scotch jib. Shak.
3. A light, humorous piece of writing, esp. in rhyme; a farce in
verse; a ballad. [Obs.]
A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme Praised and applauded.
Beau. & Fl.
4. A piece of sport; a trick; a prank. [Obs.]
Is't not a fine jig, A precious cunning, in the late Protector?
Beau & Fl.
5. A trolling bait, consisting of a bright spoon and a hook attached.
6. (Mach.) (a) A small machine or handy tool; esp.: (Metal Working) A
contrivance fastened to or inclosing a piece of work, and having hard
steel surfaces to guide a tool, as a drill, or to form a shield or
templet to work to, as in filing. (b) (Mining) An apparatus or a
machine for jigging ore.
Drill jig, a jig for guiding a drill. See Jig,
6 (a). --
Jig drilling, Jig filing (Metal Working), a process of drilling or
filing in which the action of the tool is directed or limited by a
jig. -- Jig saw, a sawing machine with a narrow, vertically
reciprocating saw, used to cut curved and irregular lines, or
ornamental patterns in openwork, a scroll saw; -- called also gig saw.
Jig
Jig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jigging (?).]
1. To sing to the tune of a jig.
Jig off a tune at the tongue's end. Shak.
2. To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude. Ford.
3. (Mining) To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve. See
Jigging, n.
4. (Metal Working) To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a jigging
machine.
Jig
Jig, v. i. To dance a jig; to skip about.
You jig, you amble, and you lisp. Shak.
Jigger
Jig"ger (?), n. [A corrupt. of chigre.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of flea
(Sarcopsylla, OR Pulex, penetrans), which burrows beneath the skin.
See Chigoe.
Jigger
Jig"ger, n. [See Jig, n. & v.]
1. One who, or that which, jigs; specifically, a miner who sorts or
cleans ore by the process of jigging; also, the sieve used in jigging.
2. (Pottery) (a) A horizontal table carrying a revolving mold, on
which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's wheel.
(b) A templet or tool by which vessels are shaped on a potter's wheel.
3. (Naut.) (a) A light tackle, consisting of a double and single block
and the fall, used for various purposes, as to increase the purchase
on a topsail sheet in hauling it home; the watch tackle. Totten. (b) A
small fishing vessel, rigged like a yawl. [New Eng.] (c) A
supplementary sail. See Dandy, n., 2 (b).
4. A pendulum rolling machine for slicking or graining leather; same
as Jack, 4 (i).
Jigger mast. (Naut.) (a) The after mast of a four-masted vessel. (b)
The small mast set at the stern of a yawlrigged boat.
Jigging
Jig"ging (?), n. (Mining) The act or using a jig; the act of
separating ore with a jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved
up and down in water. Jigging machine. (a) (Mining) A machine for
separating ore by the process of jigging. (b) (Metal Working) A
machine with a rotary milling cutter and a templet by which the action
of the cutter is guided or limited; -- used for forming the profile of
an irregularly shaped piece; a profiling machine.
Jiggish
Jig"gish (?), a.
1. Resembling, or suitable for, a jig, or lively movement. Tatler.
2. Playful; frisky. [R.]
She is never sad, and yet not jiggish. Habington.
Jiggle
Jig"gle (?), v. i. [Freq. of jig.] To wriggle or frisk about; to move
awkwardly; to shake up and down.
Jigjog
Jig"jog` (?), n. A jolting motion; a jogging pace.
Jigjog
Jig"jog, a. Having a jolting motion.
Jill
Jill (?), n. [See Gill sweetheart.] A young woman; a sweetheart. See
Gill. Beau. & Fl.
Jill-flirt
Jill"-flirt` (?), n. A light, giddy, or wanton girl or woman. See
Gill-flirt.
Jilt
Jilt (?), n. [Contr. fr. Scot. jillet a giddy girl, a jill-flirt, dim.
of jill a jill.] A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a
coquette; a flirt. Otway.
Jilt
Jilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jilting.] To cast
off capriciously or unfeeling, as a lover; to deceive in love. Locke.
Jilt
Jilt, v. i. To play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to
discard lovers capriciously. Congreve.
Jimcrack
Jim"crack` (?), n. See Gimcrack.
Jim-crow
Jim"-crow` (?), n. (Mach.)
1. A machine for bending or straightening rails.
2. A planing machine with a reversing tool, to plane both ways.
Jimmy
Jim"my (?), n.; pl. Jimmies (#). [Cf. Jemmy.] A short crowbar used by
burglars in breaking open doors. [Written also jemmy.]
Jimp
Jimp (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] Neat; handsome; elegant. See Gimp.
Jimson weed
Jim"son weed` (?). See Jamestown weed. [Local, U.S.]
Jin, Jinn
Jin, Jinn (?), n. See Jinnee. "Solomon is said to have had power over
the jin." Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Jingal
Jin*gal" (?), n. [Hind. jang\'bel a swivel, a large musket.] A small
portable piece of ordnance, mounted on a swivel. [Written also gingal
and jingall.] [India]
Jingle
Jin"gle (?), v. i. [OE. gingelen, ginglen; prob. akin to E. chink; cf.
also E. jangle.]
1. To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound;
as, sleigh bells jingle. [Written also gingle.]
2. To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect. "Jingling street
ballads." Macaulay.
Jingle
Jin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jingled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jingling
(?).] To cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as
coins shaken together; to tinkle.
The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope.
Jingle
Jin"gle, n.
1. A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or
pieces of metal.
2. That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle.
If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with
trifles and jingles,but use them justly. Bacon.
3. A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has
little merit; hence, the verse itself." The least jingle of verse."
Guardian.
Jingle shell. See Gold shell (b), under Gold.
Jingler
Jin"gler (?), n. One who, or that which, jingles.
Jingling
Jin"gling (?), n. The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the
sound itself; a chink. "The jingling of the guinea." Tennyson.
Jinglingly
Jin"gling*ly, adv. So as to jingle. Lowell.
Jingo
Jin"go (?), n.; pl. Jingoes (#). [Said to be a corruption of St.
Gingoulph.]
1. A word used as a jocular oath. "By the living jingo." Goldsmith.
2. A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive, domineering
policy in foreign affairs. [Cant, Eng.]
NOTE: &hand; Th is se nse ar ose fr om a do ggerel so ng which was
popular during the Turco-Russian war of 1877 and 1878. The first
two lines were as follows: --
We don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do, We 've got the
ships, we 've got the men, we 've got the money too.
Jingoism
Jin"go*ism (?), n. The policy of the Jingoes, so called. See Jingo, 2.
[Cant, Eng.]
Jinnee
Jin"nee (?), n.; pl. Jinn (#). [Ar.] (Arabian & Mohammedan Myth.) A
genius or demon; one of the fabled genii, good and evil spirits,
supposed to be the children of fire, and to have the power of assuming
various forms. [Written also jin, djinnee, etc.]
NOTE: &hand; Jinn is also used as sing., with pl. jinns (.
Jinny road
Jin"ny road` (?). [Cf. Gin an engine, Ginnycarriage.] (Mining) An
inclined road in a coal mine, on which loaded cars descend by gravity,
drawing up empty ones. Knight.
Jinrikisha
Jin*rik"i*sha (?), n. [Jap. jin man + riki power + sha carriage.] A
small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one more men. [Japan]
Jippo
Jip"po (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. juppon.] A waistcoat or kind of stays for
women.
Jo
Jo (?), n.; pl. Joes (#). [Etymol. uncertain.] A sweetheart; a
darling. [Scot.] Burns.
Job
Job (?), n. [Prov. E. job, gob, n., a small piece of wood, v., to
stab, strike; cf. E. gob, gobbet; perh. influenced by E. chop to cut
off, to mince. See Gob.]
1. A sudden thrust or stab; a jab.
2. A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work undertaken
in gross for a fixed price; as, he did the job for a thousand dollars.
3. A public transaction done for private profit; something performed
ostensibly as a part of official duty, but really for private gain; a
corrupt official business.
4. Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately or
unfortunately. [Colloq.]
_________________________________________________________________
Page 801
5. A situation or opportunity of work; as, he lost his job. [Colloq.]
NOTE: &hand; Jo b is us ed adjectively to signify doing jobs, used
for jobs, or let on hire to do jobs; as, job printer; job master;
job horse; job wagon, etc.
By the job, at a stipulated sum for the work, or for each piece of
work done; -- distinguished from time work; as, the house was built by
the job. -- Job lot, a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold
out of the regular course of trade, at a certain price for the whole;
as, these articles were included in a job lot. -- Job master, one who
lest out horses and carriages for hire, as for family use. [Eng.] --
Job printer, one who does miscellaneous printing, esp. circulars,
cards, billheads, etc. -- Odd job, miscellaneous work of a petty kind;
occasional work, of various kinds, or for various people.
Job
Job (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jobbing.]
1. To strike or stab with a pointed instrument. L'Estrange.
2. To thrust in, as a pointed instrument. Moxon.
3. To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to sublet
(work); as, to job a contract.
4. (Com.) To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of importers or
manufacturers for the purpose of selling to retailers; as, to job
goods.
5. To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; as, to job a
carriage. Thackeray.
Job
Job, v. i.
1. To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do petty work.
Authors of all work, to job for the season. Moore.
2. To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to turn
public matters to private advantage.
And judges job, and bishops bite the town. Pope.
3. To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or stocks.
Job
Job (?), n. The hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament;
the typical patient man. Job's comforter. (a) A false friend; a
tactless or malicious person who, under pretense of sympathy,
insinuates rebukes. (b) A boil. [Colloq.] -- Job's news, bad news.
Carlyle. -- Job's tears (Bot.), a kind of grass (Coix Lacryma), with
hard, shining, pearly grains.
Jobation
Jo*ba"tion (?), n. [Prov. E. job to scold, to reprove, perh. fr. Job,
the proper name.] A scolding; a hand, tedious reproof. [Law] Grose.
Jobber
Job"ber (?), n.
1. One who works by the job.
2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber. [Eng.]
3. One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or manufacturers,
and sells to retailers.
4. One who turns official or public business to private advantage;
hence, one who performs low or mercenary work in office, politics, or
intrigue.
Jobbernowl
Job"ber*nowl` (?), n. [OE. jobbernoule, fr. jobarde a stupid fellow;
cf. E. noll.] A blockhead. [Colloq. & Obs.] H. Taylor.
Jobbery
Job"ber*y (?), n.
1. The act or practice of jobbing.
2. Underhand management; official corruption; as, municipal jobbery.
Mayhew.
Jobbing
Job"bing (?), a.
1. Doing chance work or add jobs; as, a jobbing carpenter.
2. Using opportunities of public service for private gain; as, a
jobbing politician. London Sat. Rev.
Jobbing house, a mercantile establishment which buys from importers,
wholesalers or manufacturers, and sells to retailers. [U.S.]
Jocantry
Jo"cant*ry (?), n. [L. jocans, p. pr. of jocare to jest, fr. jocus a
jest.] The act or practice of jesting. [Obs.]
Jockey
Jock"ey (?), n.; pl. Jockeys (#). [Dim. of Jack, Scot. Jock; orig., a
boy who rides horses. See 2d Jack.]
1. A professional rider of horses in races. Addison.
2. A dealer in horses; a horse trader. Macaulay.
3. A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.
Jockey
Jock"ey, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jockeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jockeying.]
1. " To jostle by riding against one." Johnson.
2. To play the jockey toward; to cheat; to trick; to impose upon in
trade; as, to jockey a customer.
Jockey
Jock"ey, v. i. To play or act the jockey; to cheat.
Jockeying
Jock"ey*ing (?), n. The act or management of one who jockeys;
trickery. Beaconsfield.
Lockeyism
Lock"ey*ism (?), n. The practice of jockeys.
Lockeyship
Lock"ey*ship, n. The art, character, or position, of a jockey; the
personality of a jockey.
Go flatter Sawney for his jockeyship. Chatterton.
Where can at last his jockeyship retire? Cowper.
Jocose
Jo*cose" (?), a. [L jocosus, fr. jocus joke. See Joke.] Given to jokes
and jesting; containing a joke, or abounding in jokes; merry;
sportive; humorous.
To quit their austerity and be jocose and pleasant with an
adversary. Shaftesbury.
All . . . jocose or comical airs should be excluded. I. Watts.
Syn. -- Jocular; facetious; witty; merry; pleasant; waggish; sportive;
funny; comical. -- Jo*cose"ly, adv. -- Jo*cose"ness, n.
Spondanus imagines that Ulysses may possibly speak jocosely, but in
truth Ulysses never behaves with levity. Broome.
He must beware lest his letter should contain anything like
jocoseness; since jesting is incompatible with a holy and serious
life. Buckle.
Jocoserious
Jo`co*se"ri*ous (?), a. [Jocose + serious.] Mingling mirth and
seriousness. M. Green.
Jocosity
Jo*cos"i*ty (?), n. A jocose act or saying; jocoseness. Sir T. Browne.
Jocular
Joc"u*lar (?), a. [L. jocularis, fr. joculus, dim. of jocus joke. See
Joke.]
1. Given to jesting; jocose; as, a jocular person.
2. Sportive; merry. "Jocular exploits." Cowper.
The style is serious and partly jocular. Dryden.
Jocularity
Joc`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. Jesting; merriment.
Jocularly
Joc"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In jest; for sport or mirth; jocosely.
Joculary
Joc"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. jocularius. Cf. Jocular.] Jocular; jocose;
sportive. Bacon.
Joculator
Joc"u*la`tor (?), n. [L. See Juggler.] A jester; a joker. [Obs.]
Strutt.
Joculatory
Joc"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. joculatorius.] Droll; sportive. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
Jocund
Joc"und (?), [L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr. juvare to
help. See Aid.] Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive.
Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the
misty mountain tops. Shak.
Rural sports and jocund strains. Prior.
-- Joc"und*ly (#), adv. -- Joc"und*ness, n.
Jocund
Joc"und, adv. Merrily; cheerfully. Gray.
Jocundity
Jo*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. jocunditas jucunditas. See Jocund, and cf.
Jucundity.] The state or quality of being jocund; gayety;
sportiveness.
Joe
Joe (?), n. See Johannes.
Joe Miller
Joe" Mil"ler (?). [From Joseph Miller, a comic actor, whose name was
attached, after his death, to a popular jest book published in 1739.]
A jest book; a stale jest; a worn-out joke. [Colloq.]
It is an old Joe Miller in whist circles, that there are only two
reasons that can justify you in not returning trumps to your
partner's lead; i. e., first, sudden illness; secondly, having
none. Pole.
Joe-Pye weed
Joe`-Pye" weed` (?). (Bot.) A tall composite plant of the genus
Eupatorium (E. purpureum), with purplish flowers, and whorled leaves.
Jog
Jog (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jogging (?).]
[OE. joggen; cf. W. gogi to shake, and also E. shog, shock, v.]
1. To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp., to push
or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's attention, or to
warn.
Now leaps he upright, jogs me, and cries: Do you see Yonder
well-favored youth? Donne.
Sudden I jogged Ulysses, who was laid Fast by my side. Pope.
2. To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention of; as,
to jog the memory.
3. To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See Jog, v. i.
Jog
Jog, v. i. To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot;
to move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; -- usually with on,
sometimes with over.
Jog on, jog on, the footpath way. Shak.
So hung his destiny, never to rot,
While he might still jog on and keep his trot. Milton
.
The good old ways our sires jogged safely over. R. Browning.
Jog
Jog, n.
1. A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or
awaken attention; a push; a jolt.
To give them by turns an invisible jog. Swift.
2. A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an irregularity in
motion of from; a hitch; a break in the direction of a line or the
surface of a plane. Glanvill.
Jog trot, a slow, regular, jolting gait; hence, a routine habit or
method, persistently adhered to. T. Hook.
Jogger
Jog"ger (?), n. One who jogs. Dryden.
Jogging
Jog"ging (?), n. The act of giving a jog or jogs; traveling at a jog.
Joggle
Jog"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Joggling
(?).] [Freq. of jog.]
1. To shake slightly; to push suddenly but slightly, so as to cause to
shake or totter; to jostle; to jog.
2. (Arch.) To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding
apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel.
The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts. Gwilt.
Joggle
Jog"gle, v. i. To shake or totter; to slip out of place.
Joggle
Jog"gle, n. [Arch.] A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any
piece of building material to prevent slipping; sometimes, but
incorrectly, applied to a separate piece fitted into two adjacent
stones, or the like. Joggle joint (Arch.), a joint in any kind of
building material, where the joining surfaces are made with joggles.
Johannean
Jo`han*ne"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to John, esp. to the Apostle
John or his writings. M. Stuart.
Johannes
Jo*han"nes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Y, Y, i. e., one whom Jehovah has
blessed; hence F. Jean, E. John.] (Numis.) A Portuguese gold coin of
the value of eight dollars, named from the figure of King John which
it bears;- often contracted into joe; as, a joe, or a half joe.
Johannisberger
Jo*han"nis*ber`ger (?), n. [G.] A fine white wine produced on the
estate of Schloss (or Castle) Johannisberg, on the Rhine.
John
John (?), n. [See Johannes.] A proper name of a man. John-apple, a
sort of apple ripe about St. John's Day. Same as Apple-john. -- John
Bull, an ideal personification of the typical characteristics of an
Englishman, or of the English people. -- John Bullism, English
character. W. Irving. -- John Doe (Law), the name formerly given to
the fictitious plaintiff in an action of ejectment. Mozley & W. --
John Doree, John Dory. [John (or F. jaune yellow) + Doree, Dory.]
(Zo\'94l.) An oval, compressed, European food fish (Zeus faber). Its
color is yellow and olive, with golden, silvery, and blue reflections.
It has a round dark spot on each side. Called also dory, doree, and
St. Peter's fish.
Johnadreams
John"a*dreams` (?), n. A dreamy, idle fellow. Shak.
Johnny
John"ny (?), n.; pl. Johnnies (.
1. A familiar diminutive of John.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sculpin. [Local cant]
Johny Crapaud (, a jocose designation of a Frenchman, or of the French
people, collectively.
Johnnycako
John"ny*cako` (?), n. A kind of bread made of the meal of maize
(Indian corn), mixed with water or milk, etc., and baked. [U.S.] J.
Barlow.
Johnsonese
John`son*ese" (?), n. The literary style of Dr. Samuel Johnson, or one
formed in imitation of it; an inflated, stilted, or pompous style,
affecting classical words. E. Everett.
Johnson grass
John"son grass` (?). [Named after W. Johnson of Alabama, who planted
it about 1840-1845.] (Bot.) A tall perennial grass (Sorghum
Halepense), valuable in the Southern and Western States for pasture
and hay. The rootstocks are large and juicy and are eagerly sought by
swine. Called also Cuba grass, Means grass, Evergreen millet, and
Arabian millet.
Johnsonian
John*so"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to or resembling Dr. Johnson or his
style; pompous; inflated.
Johnsonianism
John*so"ni*an*ism (?), n. A manner of acting or of writing peculiar
to, or characteristic of, Dr. Johnson. [Written also Johnsonism.]
John's-wort
John's"-wort` (?), n. See St. John's-wort.
Join
Join (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Joining.]
[OE. joinen, joignen, F. joindre, fr. L. jungere to yoke, bind
together, join; akin to jugum yoke. See Yoke, and cf. Conjugal,
Junction, Junta.]
1. To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in contact;
to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to associate; to add; to
append.
Woe unto them that join house to house. Is. v. 8.
Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn Like twenty torches
joined. Shak.
Thy tuneful voice with numbers join. Dryden.
2. To associate one's self to; to be or become connected with; to
league one's self with; to unite with; as, to join a party; to join
the church.
We jointly now to join no other head. Dryden.
3. To unite in marriage.
He that joineth his virgin in matrimony. Wyclif.
What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.
Matt. xix. 6.
4. To enjoin upon; to command. [Obs. & R.]
They join them penance, as they call it. Tyndale.
5. To accept, or engage in, as a contest; as, to join encounter,
battle, issue. Milton.
To join battle, To join issue. See under Battle, Issue. Syn. -- To
add; annex; unite; connect; combine; consociate; couple; link; append.
See Add.
Join
Join, v. i. To be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together;
to unite; to mingle; to form a union; as, the hones of the skull join;
two rivers join.
Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii. 7.
Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with
the people of these abominations? Ezra ix. 14.
Nature and fortune joined to make thee great. Shak.
Join
Join, n. (Geom.) The line joining two points; the point common to two
intersecting lines. Henrici.
Joinant
Join"ant (?), a. [OF. & F. joignant, p. pr. of joindre to join.]
Adjoining. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Joinder
Join"der (?), n. [F. joindre. See Join, v. t.]
1. The act of joining; a putting together; conjunction.
Confirmed by mutual joinder of your hands. Shak.
2. (Law) (a) A joining of parties as plaintiffs or defendants in a
suit. (b) Acceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact. (c) A
joining of causes of action or defense in civil suits or criminal
prosecutions.
Joiner
Join"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, joins.
2. One whose occupation is to construct articles by joining pieces of
wood; a mechanic who does the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.)
necessary for the finishing of buildings. "One Snug, the joiner."
Shak.
3. A wood-working machine, for sawing, plaining, mortising, tenoning,
grooving, etc. Syn. -- See Carpenter.
Joinery
Join"er*y (?), n. The art, or trade, of a joiner; the work of a
joiner.
A piece of joinery . . . whimsically dovetailed. Burke.
Joinhand
Join"hand` (?), n. Writing in which letters are joined in words; --
distinguished from writing in single letters. Addison.
Joint
Joint (?), n. [F. joint, fr. joindre, p. p. joint. See Join.]
1. The place or part where two things or parts are joined or united;
the union of two or more smooth or even surfaces admitting of a
close-fitting or junction; junction as, a joint between two pieces of
timber; a joint in a pipe.
2. A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion; an
articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; as, the knee joint; a
node or joint of a stem; a ball and socket joint. See Articulation.
A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel, Must glove this hand.
Shak.
To tear thee joint by joint. Milton.
3. The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or
articulations; as, a joint of cane or of a grass stem; a joint of the
leg.
4. Any one of the large pieces of meat, as cut into portions by the
butcher for roasting.
5. (Geol.) A plane of fracture, or divisional plane, of a rock
transverse to the stratification.
6. (Arch.) The space between the adjacent surfaces of two bodies
joined and held together, as by means of cement, mortar, etc.; as, a
thin joint.
7. The means whereby the meeting surfaces of pieces in a structure are
secured together.
Coursing joint (Masonry), the mortar joint between two courses of
bricks or stones. -- Fish joint, Miter joint, Universal joint, etc.
See under Fish, Miter, etc. -- Joint bolt, a bolt for fastening two
pieces, as of wood, one endwise to the other, having a nut embedded in
one of the pieces. -- Joint chair (Railroad), the chair that supports
the ends of abutting rails. -- Joint coupling, a universal joint for
coupling shafting. See under Universal. -- Joint hinge, a hinge having
long leaves; a strap hinge. -- Joint splice, a re\'89nforce at a
joint, to sustain the parts in their true relation. -- Joint stool.
(a) A stool consisting of jointed parts; a folding stool. Shak. (b) A
block for supporting the end of a piece at a joint; a joint chair. --
Out of joint, out of place; dislocated, as when the head of a bone
slips from its socket; hence, not working well together; disordered.
"The time is out of joint." Shak.
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Page 802
Joint
Joint (?), a. [F., p. p. of joindre. See Join.]
1. Joined; united; combined; concerted; as joint action.
2. Involving the united activity of two or more; done or produced by
two or more working together.
I read this joint effusion twice over. T. Hook.
3. United, joined, or sharing with another or with others; not
solitary in interest or action; holding in common with an associate,
or with associates; acting together; as, joint heir; joint creditor;
joint debtor, etc. "Joint tenants of the world." Donne.
4. Shared by, or affecting two or more; held in common; as, joint
property; a joint bond.
A joint burden laid upon us all. Shak.
Joint committee (Parliamentary Practice), a committee composed of
members of the two houses of a legislative body, for the appointment
of which concurrent resolutions of the two houses are necessary.
Cushing. -- Joint meeting, OR Joint session, the meeting or session of
two distinct bodies as one; as, a joint meeting of committees
representing different corporations; a joint session of both branches
of a State legislature to chose a United States senator. "Such joint
meeting shall not be dissolved until the electoral votes are all
counted and the result declared." Joint Rules of Congress, U. S. --
Joint resolution (Parliamentary Practice), a resolution adopted
concurrently by the two branches of a legislative body. "By the
constitution of the United States and the rules of the two houses, no
absolute distinction is made between bills and joint resolutions."
Barclay (Digest). -- Joint rule (Parliamentary Practice), a rule of
proceeding adopted by the concurrent action of both branches of a
legislative assembly. "Resolved, by the House of Representatives (the
Senate concurring), that the sixteenth and seventeenth joint rules be
suspended for the remainder of the session." Journal H. of R., U. S.
-- Joint and several (Law), a phrase signifying that the debt, credit,
obligation, etc., to which it is applied is held in such a way that
the parties in interest are engaged both together and individually
thus a joint and several debt is one for which all the debtors may be
sued together or either of them individually. -- Joint stock, stock
held in company. -- Joint-stock company (Law), a species of
partnership, consisting generally of a large number of members, having
a capital divided, or agreed to be divided, into shares, the shares
owned by any member being usually transferable without the consent of
the rest. -- Joint tenancy (Law), a tenure by two or more persons of
estate by unity of interest, title, time, and possession, under which
the survivor takes the whole. Blackstone. -- Joint tenant (Law), one
who holds an estate by joint tenancy.
Joint
Joint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jointing.]
1. To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as to
fit together; as, to joint boards.
Pierced through the yielding planks of jointed wood. Pope.
2. To join; to connect; to unite; to combine.
Jointing their force 'gainst C\'91sar. Shak.
3. To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate.
The fingers are jointed together for motion. Ray.
4. To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to
disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat. "He joints the neck. Dryden.
Quartering, jointing, seething, and roasting. Holland.
Joint
Joint, v. i. To fit as if by joints; to coalesce as joints do; as, the
stones joint, neatly.
Jointed
Joint"ed, a. Having joints; articulated; full of nodes; knotty; as, a
jointed doll; jointed structure. "The jointed herbage." J. Philips. --
Joint"ed*ly, adv.
Jointer
Joint"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, joints.
2. A plane for smoothing the surfaces of pieces which are to be
accurately joined; especially: (a) The longest plane used by a joiner.
(b) (Coopering) A long stationary plane, for plaining the edges of
barrel staves.
3. (Masonry) (a) A bent piece of iron inserted to strengthen the
joints of a wall. (b) A tool for pointing the joints in brickwork.
Joint-fir
Joint"-fir` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus (Ephedra) of leafless shrubs, with
the stems conspicuously jointed; -- called also shrubby horsetail.
There are about thirty species, of which two or three are found from
Texas to California.
Jointing
Joint"ing, n. The act or process of making a joint; also, the joints
thus produced. Jointing machine, a planing machine for wood used in
furniture and piano factories, etc. -- Jointing plane. See Jointer, 2.
-- Jointing rule (Masonry), a long straight rule, used by bricklayers
for securing straight joints and faces.
Jointless
Joint"less, a. Without a joint; rigid; stiff.
Jointly
Joint"ly, adv. In a joint manner; together; unitedly; in concert; not
separately.
Then jointly to the ground their knees they bow. Shak.
Jointress
Joint"ress (?), n. (Law) A woman who has a jointure. [Written also
jointuress.] Blackstone.
Jointure
Join"ture (?), n. [F. jointure a joint, orig., a joining, L. junctura,
fr. jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Juncture.]
1. A joining; a joint. [Obs.]
2. (Law) An estate settled on a wife, which she is to enjoy after
husband's decease, for her own life at least, in satisfaction of
dower.
The jointure that your king must make, Which with her dowry shall
be counterpoised. Shak.
Jointure
Join"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jointured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Jointuring.] To settle a jointure upon.
Jointureless
Join"ture*less, a. Having no jointure.
Jointuress
Join"tur*ess, n. See Jointress. Bouvier.
Jointweed
Joint"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A slender, nearly leafless, American herb
(Polygonum articulatum), with jointed spikes of small flowers.
Jointworm
Joint"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of a small, hymenopterous fly
(Eurytoma hordei), which is found in gall-like swellings on the stalks
of wheat, usually at or just above the first joint. In some parts of
America it does great damage to the crop.
Joist
Joist (?), n. [OE. giste, OF. giste, F. g\'8cte, fr. gesir to lie, F.
g\'82sir. See Gist.] (Arch.) A piece of timber laid horizontally, or
nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring
strips of a ceiling, are nailed; -- called, according to its position
or use, binding joist, bridging joist, ceiling joist, trimming joist,
etc. See Illust. of Double-framed floor, under Double, a.
Joist
Joist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Joisting.] To fit
or furnish with joists. Johnson.
Joke
Joke, n. [L. jocus. Cf Jeopardy, Jocular, Juggler.]
1. Something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something witty or
sportive (commonly indicating more of hilarity or humor than jest); a
jest; a witticism; as, to crack good-natured jokes.
And gentle dullness ever loves a joke. Pope.
Or witty joke our airy senses moves To pleasant laughter. Gay.
2. Something not said seriously, or not actually meant; something done
in sport.
Inclose whole downs in walls, 't is all a joke. Pope.
In joke, in jest; sportively; not meant seriously. -- Practical joke.
See under Practical.
Joke
Joke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Joked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Joking.] To make
merry with; to make jokes upon; to rally; to banter; as, to joke a
comrade.
Joke
Joke, v. i. [L. jocari.] To do something for sport, or as a joke; to
be merry in words or actions; to jest.
He laughed, shouted, joked, and swore. Macaulay.
Syn. -- To jest; sport; rally; banter. See Jest.
Joker
Jok"er (?), n.
1. One who makes jokes or jests.
2. (Card Playing) See Rest bower, under 2d Bower.
Jokingly
Jok"ing*ly, adv. In a joking way; sportively.
Jole, Joll
Jole, Joll (?), v. t. & n. Same as Jowl. Shak.
Jolif
Jol*if" (?), a. [See Jolly.] Joyful; merry; pleasant; jolly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Jollification
Jol`li*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Jolly + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See
-fy.] A merrymaking; noisy festivity. [Colloq.]
We have had a jollification or so together. Sir W. Scott.
Jollily
Jol"li*ly (?), adv. In a jolly manner.
Jolloment
Jol"lo*ment (?), n. Jollity. [Obs.] Spenser.
Jolliness
Jol"li*ness, n. Jollity; noisy mirth. Chaucer.
Jollity
Jol"li*ty (?), n. [From Jolly: cf. OF. joliet\'82, jolivet\'82.] Noisy
mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity; boisterous enjoyment. Chaucer.
All now was turned to jollity and game. Milton.
He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel only
for him, who was only worthy to enter into it. Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- Merriment; mirth; gayety; festivity; hilarity.
Jolly
Jol"ly (?), a. [Compar. Jollier (?); superl. Jolliest.] [OF. joli,
jolif, joyful, merry, F. joli pretty; of Scand. origin, akin to E.
yule; cf. Icel. j yule, Christmass feast. See Yule.]
1. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joyous; merry; mirthful.
Like a jolly troop of huntsmen. Shak.
"A jolly place," said he, "in times of old! But something ails it
now: the spot is cursed." Wordsworth.
2. Expressing mirth, or inspiring it; exciting mirth and gayety.
And with his jolly pipe delights the groves. Prior.
Their jolly notes they chanted loud and clear. Fairfax.
3. Of fine appearance; handsome; excellent; lively; agreeable;
pleasant. "A jolly cool wind." Sir T. North. [Now mostly colloq.]
Full jolly knight he seemed, and fair did sit. Spenser.
The coachman is swelled into jolly dimensions. W. Irving.
Jolly-boat
Jol"ly-boat` (?), n. [A corruption of Dan. jolle yawl, or of D. jol
yawl + E. boat. See Yawl the boat.] (Naut.) A boat of medium size
belonging to a ship.
Jollyhead
Jol"ly*head (?), n. Jollity. [Obs.] Spenser.
Jolt
Jolt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jolting.] [Prob. fr.
jole, joll, jowl, and orig. meaning, to knock on the head. See Jowl.]
To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings, as a carriage moving
on rough ground; as, the coach jolts.
Jolt
Jolt, v. t. To cause to shake with a sudden up and down motion, as in
a carriage going over rough ground, or on a high-trotting horse; as,
the horse jolts the rider; fast driving jolts the carriage and the
passengers.
Jolt
Jolt, n. A sudden shock or jerk; a jolting motion, as in a carriage
moving over rough ground.
The first jolt had like to have shaken me out. Swift.
Jolter
Jolt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, jolts.
Jolterhead, Jolthead
Jolt"er*head`, Jolt"head` (?), n. [See Jolt, Jowl.] A dunce; a
blockhead. Sir T. North.
Joltingly
Jolt"ing*ly, adv. In a jolting manner.
Jolty
Jolt"y (?), a. That jolts; as, a jolty coach. [Colloq.]
Jonah
Jo"nah (?), n. The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who
endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is unpropitious.
Jonah crab (Zo\'94l.), a large crab (Cancer borealis) of the eastern
coast of the United States, sometimes found between tides, but usually
in deep water.
Jonesian
Jo*ne"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Jones. The Jonesian system, a
system of transliterating Oriental words by English letters, invented
by Sir William Jones.
Jongleur, Jongler
Jon"gleur (?), Jon"gler (?), n. [F. jongleur. See Juggler.]
1. In the Middle Ages, a court attendant or other person who, for
hire, recited or sang verses, usually of his own composition. See
Troubadour.
Vivacity and picturesquenees of the jongleur's verse. J R. Green.
2. A juggler; a conjuror. See Juggler. Milton.
Jonquil, Jonquille
Jon"quil, Jon"quille, n. [F. jonquille, fr. L. juncus a rush, because
it has rushlike leaves.] (Bot.) A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus
(N. Jonquilla), allied to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves,
and yellow or white fragrant flowers. The root has emetic properties.
It is sometimes called the rush-leaved daffodil. See Illust. of
Corona.
Joram
Jo"ram (?), n. See Jorum.
Jordan, Jorden
Jor"dan (?), Jor"den (?), n. [Prob. fr. the river Jordan, and
shortened fr. Jordan bottle a bottle of water from the Jordan, brought
back by pilgrims.]
1. A pot or vessel with a large neck, formerly used by physicians and
alchemists. [Obs.] Halliwell.
2. A chamber pot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.
Jorum
Jo"rum (?), n. [Perh. corrupted fr. jorden an earthen pot.] A large
drinking vessel; also, its contents. [Colloq. Eng.] Forby.
Joseph
Jo"seph (?), n. An outer garment worn in the 18th century; esp., a
woman's riding habit, buttoned down the front. Fairholt.
Joseph's flower
Jo"seph's flow"er (?). (Bot.) A composite herb (Tragopogon pratensis),
of the same genus as the salsify.
Joso
Jo"so (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small gudgeon.
Joss
Joss (?), n. [Chinese, corrupt. fr. Pg. deos God, L. deus.] A Chinese
household divinity; a Chinese idol. "Critic in jars and josses."
Colman (1761). Joss house, a Chinese temple or house for the Chinese
mode of worship. -- Joss stick, a reed covered with a paste made of
the dust of odoriferous woods, or a cylinder made wholly of the paste;
-- burned by the Chinese before an idol.
Jossa
Jos"sa (?), interj. A command to a horse, probably meaning "stand
still." [Obs.] Chaucer.
Jostle
Jos"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jostled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jostling
(?).] [A dim. of joust, just, v. See Joust, and cf. Justle.] [Written
also justle.] To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to
elbow; to hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against. "Bullies
jostled him." Macaulay.
Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are
perpetually jostling each other. I. Taylor.
Jostle
Jos"tle, v. i. To push; to crowd; to hustle.
None jostle with him for the wall. Lamb.
Jostle
Jos"tle, n. A conflict by collisions; a crowding or bumping together;
interference.
The jostle of South African nationalities and civilization. The
Nation.
Jostlement
Jos"tle*ment (?), n. Crowding; hustling.
Jot
Jot (?), n. [L. iota, Gr. i. Heb. y), the smallest letter of the Greek
alphabet. Cf. Iota.] An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest
particle. Cf. Bit, n.
Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise
pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Matt. v. 18.
Neither will they bate One jot of ceremony. Shak.
Jot
Jot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jotting.] To set
down; to make a brief note of; -- usually followed by down.
Jotter
Jot"ter (?), n.
1. One who jots down memoranda.
2. A memorandum book.
Jougs
Jougs (?), n. [F. joug a yoke, L. jugum. See Yoke.] An iron collar
fastened to a wall or post, formerly used in Scotland as a kind of
pillory. [Written also juggs.] See Juke. Sir W. Scott.
Jouissance
Jou"is*sance (?), n. [F., fr. jouir to enjoy, fr. L. gaudere to
rejoice.] Jollity; merriment. [Obs.] Spenser.
Jouk
Jouk (?), v. i. See Juke.
Joul
Joul (?), v. t. See Jowl.
Joule
Joule (?), n. [From the distinguished English physicist, James P.
Joule.] (Physics.) A unit of work which is equal to 107 units of work
in the C. G. S. system of units (ergs), and is practically equivalent
to the energy expended in one second by an electric current of one
ampere in a resistance of one ohm. One joule is approximately equal to
0.738 foot pounds. Joule's equivalent. See under Equivalent, n.
Jounce
Jounce (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Jouncing (?).] [Cf. Jaunce.] To jolt; to shake, especially by rough
riding or by driving over obstructions.
Jounce
Jounce, n. A jolt; a shake; a hard trot.
Journal
Jour"nal (?), a. [F., fr. L. diurnalis diurnal, fr. diurnus belonging
to the day, fr. dies day. See Diurnal.] Daily; diurnal. [Obs.]
Whiles from their journal labors they did rest. Spenser.
Journal
Jour"nal, n. [F. journal. See Journal, a.]
1. A diary; an account of daily transactions and events. Specifically:
(a) (Bookkeeping) A book of accounts, in which is entered a condensed
and grouped statement of the daily transactions. (b) (Naut.) A daily
register of the ship's course and distance, the winds, weather,
incidents of the voyage, etc. (c) (Legislature) The record of daily
proceedings, kept by the clerk. (d) A newspaper published daily; by
extension, a weekly newspaper or any periodical publication, giving an
account of passing events, the proceedings and memoirs of societies,
etc. ; a periodical; a magazine.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 803
2. That which has occurred in a day; a day's work or travel; a day's
journey. [Obs. & R.] B. Jonson.
3. (Mach.) That portion of a rotating piece, as a shaft, axle,
spindle, etc., which turns in a bearing or box. See Illust. of Axle
box.
Journal box, OR Journal bearing (Mach.) the carrier of a journal; the
box in which the journal of a shaft, axle, or pin turns.
Journalism
Jour"nal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. journalisme.]
1. The keeping of a journal or diary. [Obs.]
2. The periodical collection and publication of current news; the
business of managing, editing, or writing for, journals or newspapers;
as, political journalism.
Journalism is now truly an estate of the realm. Ed. Rev.
Journalist
Jour"nal*ist, n. [Cf. F. journaliste.]
1. One who keeps a journal or diary. [Obs.] Mickle.
2. The conductor of a public journal, or one whose business it to
write for a public journal; an editorial or other professional writer
for a periodical. Addison.
Journalistic
Jour"nal*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to journals or to journalists;
contained in, or characteristic of, the public journals; as
journalistic literature or enterprise.
Journalize
Jour"nal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Journalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Journalizing (?).] To enter or record in a journal or diary. Johnson.
Journalize
Jour"nal*ize, v. i. to conduct or contribute to a public journal; to
follow the profession of a journalist.
Journey
Jour"ney (?), n.; pl. Journeys (#). [OE. jornee, journee, prop., a
day's journey, OF. jorn\'82e, jurn\'82e, a day, a day's work of
journey, F. journ\'82e, fr. OF. jorn, jurn, jor a day, F. jour, fr. L.
diurnus. See Journal.]
1. The travel or work of a day. [Obs.] Chaucer.
We have yet large day, for scarce the sun Hath finished half his
journey. Milton.
2. Travel or passage from one place to another; hence, figuratively, a
passage through life.
The good man . . . is gone a long journey. Prov. vii. 19.
We must all have the same journey's end. Bp. Stillingfleet.
Syn. -- Tour; excursion; trip; expedition; pilgrimage. -- Journey,
Tour, Excursion, Pilgrimage. The word journey suggests the idea of a
somewhat prolonged traveling for a specific object, leading a person
to pass directly from one point to another. In a tour, we take a
roundabout course from place to place, more commonly for pleasure,
though sometimes on business. An excursion is usually a brief tour or
trip for pleasure, health, etc. In a pilgrimage we travel to a place
hallowed by our religions affections, or by some train of sacred or
tender associations. A journey on important business; the tour of
Europe; an excursion to the lakes; a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
Journey
Jour"ney, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Journeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Journeying.] To travel from place to place; to go from home to a
distance.
Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south. Gen. xii. 9.
Journey
Jour"ney, v. t. To traverse; to travel over or through. [R.] "I
journeyed many a land." Sir W. Scott.
Journey-bated
Jour"ney-bat`ed (?), a. Worn out with journeying. [Obs.] Shak.
Journeyer
Jour"ney*er (?), n. One who journeys.
Journeyman
Jour"ney*man (?), n.; pl. Journeymen (. Formerly, a man hired to work
by the day; now, commonly, one who has mastered a handicraft or trade;
-- distinguished from apprentice and from master workman.
I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men, and not
made them well. Shak.
Journeywork
Jour"ney*work` (?), n. Originally, work done by the day; work done by
a journeyman at his trade.
Joust
Joust (?), v. i. [OE. justen, jousten, OF. jouster, jouster, joster,
F. jouter, fr. L. juxta near to, nigh, from the root of jungere to
join. See Join, and cf. Jostle.] To engage in mock combat on
horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt. [Written also just.]
For the whole army to joust and tourney. Holland.
Joust
Joust, n. [OE. juste, jouste, OF. juste, jouste, joste, F. joute. See
Joust, v. i.] A tilting match; a mock combat on horseback between two
knights in the lists or inclosed field. [Written also just.]
Gorgeous knights at joust and tournament. Milton.
Jouster
Joust"er, n. One who jousts or tilts.
Jove
Jove (?), n. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for
Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]
1. The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter.
2. (Astron.) The planet Jupiter. [R.] Pope.
3. (Alchemy) The metal tin.
Bird of Jove, the eagle.
Jovial
Jo"vi*al (?), a. [F., fr. L. Jovialis pertaining to Jove. The planet
Jupiter was thought to make those born under it joyful or jovial. See
Jove.]
1. Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter. [Obs.]
Our jovial star reigned at his birth. Shak.
The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the planets, and
esteemed Martial or Jovial according to the colors whereby they
answer these planets. Sir T. Browne.
2. Sunny; serene. [Obs.] "The heavens always joviall." Spenser.
3. Gay; merry; joyous; jolly; mirth-inspiring; hilarious;
characterized by mirth or jollity; as, a jovial youth; a jovial
company; a jovial poem.
Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak.
His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral; the rest are
jovial or bacchanalian. Dryden.
NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is a re lic of th e belief in planetary
influence. Other examples are saturnine, mercurial, martial,
lunatic, etc.
Syn. -- Merry; joyous; gay; festive; mirthful; gleeful; jolly;
hilarious.
Jovialist
Jo"vi*al*ist (?), n. One who lives a jovial life. Bp. Hall.
Joviality
Jo`vi*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. jovialit\'82.] The quality or state of
being jovial. Sir T. Herbert.
Jovially
Jo"vi*al*ly (?), adv. In a jovial manner; merrily; gayly. B. Jonson.
Jovialness
Jo"vi*al*ness, n. Noisy mirth; joviality. Hewyt.
Jovialty
Jo"vi*al*ty (?), n. Joviality. [R.] Barrow.
Jovian
Jo"vi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Jove, or Jupiter (either the
deity or the planet).
Jovicentric
Jo`vi*cen"tric (?), a. [See Jove, and Center.] (Astron.) Revolving
around the planet Jupiter; appearing as viewed from Jupiter. [R.] J.
R. Hind.
Jovinianist
Jo*vin"ian*ist (?), n. (Script. Hist.) An adherent to the doctrines of
Jovinian, a monk of the fourth century, who denied the virginity of
Mary, and opposed the asceticism of his time.
Jowl
Jowl (?), n. [For older chole, chaul, AS. ceaft jaw. Cf. Chaps.] The
cheek; the jaw. [Written also jole, choule, chowle, and geoule.] Cheek
by jowl, with the cheeks close together; side by side; in close
proximity. "I will go with three cheek by jole." Shak. " Sits cheek by
jowl." Dryden.
Jowl
Jowl, v. t. To throw, dash, or knock. [Obs.]
How the knave jowls it to the ground. Shak.
Jowler
Jowl"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A dog with large jowls, as the beagle.
Jowter
Jow"ter (?), n. A mounted peddler of fish; -- called also jouster.
[Obs.] Carew.
Joy
Joy (?), n. [OE. joye, OF. joye, joie, goie, F. joie, L. gaudia, pl.
of gaudium joy, fr. gaudere to rejoice, to be glad; cf. Gr. Gaud,
Jewel.]
1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of
good; pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good
fortune, and the like, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we
love or desire; gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight.
Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy. Dryden.
Glides the smooth current of domestic joy. Johnson.
Who, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross,
despising the shame. Heb. xii. 2.
Tears of true joy for his return. Shak.
Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present
or assured approaching possession of a good. Locke.
2. That which causes joy or happiness.
For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess. ii. 20.
A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats.
3. The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity.
Such joy made Una, when her knight she found. Spenser.
The roofs with joy resound. Dryden.
NOTE: &hand; Jo y is used in composition, esp. with participles, to
from many self-explaining compounds; as, joy-hells, joy-ringing,
joy-inspiring, joy-resounding, etc.
Syn. -- Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation; transport;
felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety; mirth; merriment;
festivity; hilarity.
Joy
Joy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Joyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Joying.] [OF.
joir, F. jouir. See Joy, n.] To rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to
exult.
I will joy in the God of my salvation. Hab. iii. 18.
In whose sight all things joy. Milton.
Joy
Joy, v. t.
1. To give joy to; to congratulate. [Obs.] "Joy us of our conquest."
Dryden.
To joy the friend, or grapple with the foe. Prior.
2. To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate. [Obs.]
Neither pleasure's art can joy my spirits. Shak.
3. To enjoy. [Obs.] See Enjoy.
Who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss. Milton.
Joyace
Joy"ace (?), n. [OF. joiance.] Enjoyment; gayety; festivity;
joyfulness. Spenser.
Some days of joyance are decreed to all. Byron.
From what hid fountains doth thy joyance flow? Trench.
Joyancy
Joy"an*cy (?), n. Joyance. [R.] Carlyle.
Joyful
Joy"ful (?), a. Full of joy; having or causing joy; very glad; as, a
joyful heart. "Joyful tidings." Shak.
My soul shall be joyful in my God. Is. lxi. 10.
Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life. Pope.
-- Joy"ful*ly, adv. -- Joy"ful*ness, n.
Joyless
Joy"less, a. Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable. --
Joy"less*ly, adv. -- Joy"less*ness, n.
With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat. Dryden.
Youth and health and war are joyless to him. Addison.
[He] pining for the lass, Is joyless of the grove, and spurns the
growing grass. Dryden.
Joyous
Joy"ous (?), a. [OE. joyous, joious, joios, F. joyeux.See Joy.] Glad;
gay; merry; joyful; also, affording or inspiring joy; with of before
the word or words expressing the cause of joy.
Is this your joyous city? Is. xxiii. 7.
They all as glad as birds of joyous prime. Spenser.
And joyous of our conquest early won. Dryden.
Syn. -- Merry; lively; blithe; gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful; sportive;
festive; joyful; happy; blissful; charming; delightful. -- Joy"ous*ly,
adv. -- Joy"ous*ness, n.
Joysome
Joy"some (, a. Causing joyfulness. [R.]
This all joysome grove. T. Browne.
Jub
Jub (?), n. [Perh. corrupted fr. jug.] A vessel for holding ale or
wine; a jug. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Juba
Ju"ba (?), n.; pl. Jub\'91 (-b&emac;). [L., a mane.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The mane of an animal.
2. (Bot.) A loose panicle, the axis of which falls to pieces, as in
certain grasses.
Jubate
Ju"bate (?), a. [L. jubatus having a mane.] (Zo\'94l.) Fringed with
long, pendent hair.
Jub\'82
Ju`b\'82" (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) (a) chancel screen or rood screen. (b)
gallery above such a screen, from which certain parts of the service
were formerly read. See Rood loft, under Rood.
Jubilant
Ju"bi*lant (?), a. [L. jubilans, -antis, p. pr. of jubilare to shout
for joy: cf. F. jubila. See Jubilate.] Uttering songs of triumph;
shouting with joy; triumphant; exulting. "The jubilant age."
Coleridge.
While the bright pomp ascended jubilant. Milton.
Jubilantly
Ju"bi*lant*ly, adv. In a jubilant manner.
Jubilar
Ju"bi*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. jubilaire.] Pertaining to, or having the
character of, a jubilee. [R.] Bp. Hall.
Jubilate
Ju`bi*la"te (?), n. [L., imperat. of jubilare to shout for joy.]
1. The third Sunday after Easter; -- so called because the introit is
the 66th Psalm, which, in the Latin version, begins with the words,
"Jubilate Deo."
2. A name of the 100th Psalm; -- so called from its opening word in
the Latin version.
Jubilate
Ju"bi*late (?), v. i. [L. jubilatus, p. p. of jubilare.] To exult; to
rejoice. [R.] De Quincey.
Jubilation
Ju`bi*la"tion (?), n. [L. jubilatio: cf. F. jubilation.] A triumphant
shouting; rejoicing; exultation. "Jubilations and hallelujahs." South.
Jubilee
Ju"bi*lee (?), n. [F. jubil\'82, L. jubilaeus, Gr. y the blast of a
trumpet, also the grand sabbatical year, which was announced by sound
of trumpet.]
1. (Jewish Hist.) Every fiftieth year, being the year following the
completion of each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the
slaves of Hebrew blood were liberated, and all lands which had been
alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In
this sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, jubile.] Lev. xxv.
8-17.
2. The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary of any
event; as, the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign; the jubilee of the
American Board of Missions.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at
stated intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of
twenty-five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence grated by the
sovereign pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of
granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of
the eucharist.
4. A season of general joy.
The town was all a jubilee of feasts. Dryden.
5. A state of joy or exultation. [R.] "In the jubilee of his spirits."
Sir W. Scott.
Jucundity
Ju*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. jucunditas, from jucundus.] Pleasantness;
agreeableness. See Jocundity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Judahite
Ju"dah*ite (?), n. One of the tribe of Judah; a member of the kingdom
of Judah; a Jew. Kitto.
Judaic, Judaical
Ju*da"ic (?), Ju*da"ic*al (?), a. [L. Juda\'8bcus, fr. Judaea, the
country Judea: cf. F. Juda\'8bque. See Jew.] Of or pertaining to the
Jews. "The natural or Judaical [religion]." South.
Judaically
Ju*da"ic*al*ly, adv. After the Jewish manner. Milton.
Judaism
Ju"da*ism (?), n. [L. Juda\'8bsmus: cf. F. juda\'8bsme.]
1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined in the
laws of Moses. J. S. Mill.
2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.
Judaist
Ju"da*ist, n. One who believes and practices Judaism.
Judaistic
Ju`da*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Judaism.
Judaization
Ju`da*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the
Jewish religion or ritual. [R.]
Judaize
Ju"da*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judaized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Judaizing (?).] [Cf. F. juda\'8bser.] To conform to the doctrines,
observances, or methods of the Jews; to inculcate or impose Judaism.
They . . . prevailed on the Galatians to Judaize so far as to
observe the rites of Moses in various instances. They were
Judaizing doctors, who taught the observation of the Mosaic law.
Bp. Bull.
Judaize
Ju"da*ize, v. t. To impose Jewish observances or rites upon; to
convert to Judaism.
The heretical Theodotion, the Judaized Symmachus. Milton.
Judaizer
Ju"da*i`zer (?), n. One who conforms to or inculcates Judaism;
specifically, pl. (Ch. Hist.), those Jews who accepted Christianity
but still adhered to the law of Moses and worshiped in the temple at
Jerusalem.
Judas
Ju"das (?), n. The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous
person; one who betrays under the semblance of friendship. -- a.
Treacherous; betraying. Judas hole, a peephole or secret opening for
spying. -- Judas kiss, a deceitful and treacherous kiss. -- Judas tree
(Bot.), a leguminous tree of the genus Cercis, with pretty,
rose-colored flowers in clusters along the branches. Judas is said to
have hanged himself on a tree of this genus (C. Siliquastrum). C.
Canadensis and C. occidentalis are the American species, and are
called also redbud.
Judas-colored
Ju"das-col`ored (?), a. Red; -- from a tradition that Judas Iscariot
had red hair and beard.
There's treachery in that Judas-colored beard. Dryden.
Juddock
Jud"dock (?), n. [For judcock; jud (equiv. to Prov. E. gid a
jacksnipe, W. giach snipe) + cock.] (Zo\'94l.) See Jacksnipe.
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Judean
Ju*de"an (?), a. [L. Judaeus. See Jew.] Of or pertaining to Judea. --
n. A native of Judea; a Jew.
Judge
Judge (?), n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to
judge. See Judge, v. i.]
1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and
determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties
in courts held for that purpose.
The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence;
to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to
recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which
hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. Bacon.
2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide
on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything;
one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a
connoisseur; an expert; a critic.
A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or
eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. Dryden.
3. A person appointed to decide in aas, a judge in a horse race.
4. (Jewish Hist.) One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and
military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years.
5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of
Judges.
Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor
at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government,
as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain
extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. --
Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two
officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of
brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and
having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The
first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the
other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the
designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of
the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings
of courts-martial. Syn. -- Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. A
judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine
questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two
or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot
to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of
equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred
for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes
voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.
Judge
Judge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] [OE.
jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or
right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See
Just, a., and Diction, and cf. Judicial.]
1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge;
to give judgment; to pass sentence.
The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen. xvi. 5.
Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right!
Milton.
2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment
or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others.
See Judge, v. t., 3.
Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. Shak.
3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and
attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine;
to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about.
Judge not according to the appearance. John vii. 24.
She is wise if I can judge of her. Shak.
Judge
Judge, v. t.
1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a
controversy between two parties. "Chaos [shall] judge the strife."
Milton.
2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom.
God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccl. iii. 7.
To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by
him. Shak.
3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be
censorious toward.
Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt. vii. 1.
4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon.
If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. Acts xvi. 15.
5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.]
Make us a king to judge us. 1 Sam. viii. 5.
Judger
Judg"er (?), n. One who judges. Sir K. Digby.
Judgeship
Judge"ship (?), n. The office of a judge.
Judgment
Judg"ment (?), n. [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL. judicamentum, fr. L.
judicare. See Judge, v. i.]
1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison
and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations
of thins, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical
propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment
he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited
confidence.
I oughte deme, of skilful jugement, That in the salte sea my wife
is deed. Chaucer.
2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp.,
when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly,
or wisely; good sense; as, a man of judgment; a politician without
judgment.
He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with
judgment. Ps. lxxii. 2.
Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes. Theseus. Rather
your eyes must with his judgment look. Shak.
3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision.
She in my judgment was as fair as you. Shak.
Who first his judgment asked, and then a place. Pope.
4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to
law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a
court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge of
all.
In judgments between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man
needs, but what is his own. Jer. Taylor.
Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. Shak.
5. (Philos.) (a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas
which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of
ascertaining their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison
may be threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of
concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two
judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as
analytic, synthetic, and identical. (b) That power or faculty by which
knowledge dependent upon comparison and discrimination is acquired.
See 2.
A judgment is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or
denied of another. Sir W. Hamilton.
The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or
false, probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty
of judgment. Stewart.
6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong
committed; a providential punishment. "Judgments are prepared for
scorners." Prov. xix. 29. "This judgment of the heavens that makes us
tremble." Shak.
7. (Theol.) The final award; the last sentence.
NOTE: &hand; Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are
in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement,
acknowledgement, and lodgement.
NOTE: &hand; Ju dgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining
combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne.
Judgment day (Theol.), the last day, or period when final judgment
will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government. --
Judgment debt (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's
order. -- Judgment hall, a hall where courts are held. -- Judgment
seat, the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court;
a tribunal. "We shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ."
Rom. xiv. 10. -- Judgment summons (Law), a proceeding by a judgment
creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment.
Arrest of judgment. (Law) See under Arrest, n. -- Judgment of God, a
term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by
arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God
would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under Ordeal. Syn. --
Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism;
taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence;
understanding. See Taste.
Judicable
Ju"di*ca*ble (?), a. [L. judicabilis. See Judge, v. i.] Capable of
being judged; capable of being tried or decided upon. Jer. Taylor.
Judicative
Ju"di*ca*tive (?), a. Having power to judge; judicial; as, the
judicative faculty. Hammond.
Judicatory
Ju"di*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. judicatorius.] Pertaining to the
administration of justice; dispensing justice; judicial; as,
judicatory tribunals. T. Wharton.
Power to reject in an authoritative or judicatory way. Bp. Hall.
Judicatory
Ju"di*ca*to*ry (277), n. [L. judicatorium.]
1. A court of justice; a tribunal. Milton.
2. Administration of justice.
The supreme court of judicatory. Clarendon.
Judicature
Ju"di*ca*ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. LL. judicatura.]
1. The state or profession of those employed in the administration of
justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice.
The honor of the judges in their judicature is the king's honor.
Bacon.
2. A court of justice; a judicatory. South.
3. The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of
a judge or court.
Our Savior disputes not here the judicature, for that was not his
office, but the morality, of divorce. Milton.
Judicial
Ju*di"cial (?), a. [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment, fr. judex
judge: cf. OF. judicial. See Judge.]
1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge;
practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned
or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a
judicial sale. "Judicial massacres." Macaulay.
Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was abrogated. Milton.
2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind.
3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative,
administrative, or executive. See Executive.
4. Judicious. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Judicially
Ju*di"cial*ly, adv. In a judicial capacity or judicial manner. "The
Lords . . . sitting judicially." Macaulay.
Judiciary
Ju*di"cia*ry (?; 277), a. [L. judiciarius, fr. judicium judgment: cf.
F. judiciare. See Judicial.] Of or pertaining to courts of judicature,
or legal tribunals; judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding. Bp. Burnet.
Judiciary
Ju*di"cia*ry, n. [Cf. LL. judiciaria, F. judiciaire.] That branch of
government in which judicial power is vested; the system of courts of
justice in a country; the judges, taken collectively; as, an
independent judiciary; the senate committee on the judiciary.
Judicious
Ju*di"cious (?), a. [F. judicieux, fr. L. judicium judgment. See
Judicial.] Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.]
His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak.
2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment;
wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet.
He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows The fits o' the
season. Shak.
Syn. -- Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning;
sagacious; well-advised.
Judiciously
Ju*di"cious*ly, adv. In a judicious manner; with good judgment;
wisely.
Judiciousness
Ju*di"cious*ness, n. The quality or state of being judicious;
sagacity; s
Jug
Jug (?), n. [Prob. fr. Jug, a corruption of, or nickname for, Joanna;
cf. 2d Jack, and Jill. See Johannes.]
1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and
narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.
2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]
3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] Gay.
Jug
Jug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jugging (?).]
1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as,
to jug a hare.
2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]
Jug
Jug, v. i. (Zo\'94l.)
1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do,
especially the nightingale.
2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of quails and
partridges.
Jugal
Ju"gal (?), a. [L. jugalis, fr. jugum yoke.]
1. Relating to a yoke, or to marriage. [Obs.]
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek
bone.
Jugata
Ju*ga"ta (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. of L. jugatus, p. p. of jugare to
join.] (Numis.) The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either
side by side or joined.
Jugated
Ju"ga*ted (?), a. (Bot.) Coupled together.
Juge
Juge (?), n. A judge. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Jugement
Jug"e*ment (?), n. Judgment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Juger
Ju"ger (?), n. [L. jugerum.] A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800
square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth.
Jugger
Jug"ger (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian falcon. See Lugger.
Juggernaut
Jug"ger*naut` (?), n. [Skr. jagann\'betha lord of the world.] One of
the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as Krishna, is
worshiped by the Hindoos. [Written also Juggernnath, Jaganath,
Jaganatha, etc.]
NOTE: &hand; Th e principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut is at
P\'96ri in Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn from the
temple by the multitude, on a high car with sixteen wheels.
Formerly, fanatics sometimes threw themselves under the wheels to
be crushed as a sacrifice to the god.
Juggle
Jug"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Juggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Juggling
(?).] [OE. juglen; cf. OF. jogler, jugler, F. jongler. See Juggler.]
1. To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by
tricks of skill; to conjure.
2. To practice artifice or imposture.
Be these juggling fiends no more believed. Shak.
Juggle
Jug"gle, v. t. To deceive by trick or artifice.
Is't possible the spells of France should juggle Men into such
strange mysteries? Shak.
Juggle
Jug"gle, n.
1. A trick by sleight of hand.
2. An imposture; a deception. Tennyson.
A juggle of state to cozen the people. Tillotson.
3. A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split.
Knight.
Juggler
Jug"gler (?), n. [OE. jogelour, juglur, OF. jogleor, jugleor,
jongleor, F. jongleur, fr. L. joculator a jester, joker, fr. joculus a
little jest or joke, dim. of jocus jest, joke. See Joke, and cf.
Jongleur, Joculator.]
1. One who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one
skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer.
As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. Shak.
Jugglers and impostors do daily delude them. Sir T. Browne.
2. A deceiver; a cheat. Shak.
Juggleress
Jug"gler*ess, n.
1. A female juggler. T. Warton.
Jugglery
Jug"gler*y (?), n. [OE. & OF. joglerie, F. jonglerie.]
1. The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.
2. Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.
Juggling
Jug"gling (?), a. Cheating; tricky. -- Jug"gling*ly, adv.
Juggling
Jug"gling, n. Jugglery; underhand practice.
Juggs
Juggs (?), n. pl. See Jougs. [Scot.]
Juglandin
Jug"lan*din (?), n. [L. juglans, -andis, a walnut: cf. F. juglandine.]
(Chem.) An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green
shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used medicinally as an
alterative, and also as a black hair dye.
Juglandine
Jug"lan*dine (?), n. An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut
(Juglans regia).
Juglans
Jug"lans (?), n. [L., walnut.] (Bot.) A genus of valuable trees,
including the true walnut of Europe, and the America black walnut, and
butternut.
Juglone
Ju"glone (?), n. [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.) A yellow
crystalline substance resembling quinone, extracted from green shucks
of the walnut (Juglans regia); -- called also nucin. <-- (MI11)
C10H6O3. 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione -->
Jugular
Ju"gu*lar (?), a. [L. jugulum the collar bone, which joins together
the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to jungere to yoke, to
join: cf. F. jugulaire. See Join.]
1. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the jugular
vein. (b) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular
foramen.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; -- said of
certain fishes.
Jugular
Ju"gu*lar, n. [Cf. F. jugulaire. See Jugular, a.]
1. (Anat.) One of the large veins which return the blood from the head
to the heart through two chief trunks, an external and an internal, on
each side of the neck; -- called also the jugular vein.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish which has the ventral fins situated forward of
the pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one of a division of fishes
(Jugulares).
Jugulate
Ju"gu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Jugulating (?).] [L. jugulatus, p. p. of jugulare, fr. jugulatum. See
Jugular.] To cut the throat of. [R.] Jacob Bigelow.
Jugulum
Ju"gu*lum (?), n.; pl. Jugula (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The lower throat,
or that part of the neck just above the breast.
Jugum
Ju"gum (?), n.; pl. L. Juga (#), E. Jugums (#). [L., a yoke, ridge.]
(Bot.) (a) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of
umbelliferous plants. (b) A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate
plant.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 805
Juice
Juice (?), n. [OE. juse, F.jus broth, gravy, juice, L. jus; akin to
Skr. y.] The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal
substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.;
the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking.
An animal whose juices are unsound. Arbuthnot.
The juice of July flowers. B. Jonson.
The juice of Egypt's grape. Shak.
Letters which Edward Digby wrote in lemon juice. Macaulay.
Cold water draws the juice of meat. Mrs. Whitney.
Juice
Juice (?), v. t. To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Fuller.
Juiceless
Juice"less, a. Lacking juice; dry. Dr. H. More.
Juiciness
Jui"ci*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being juicy; succulence
plants.
Juicy
Jui"cy (?), a. [Compar. Juicier; superl. Juiciest.] A bounding with
juice; succulent. Bacon.
Juise
Ju*ise" (?), n. [OF. juise. L. judicium. See Judicial.] Judgment;
justice; sentence. [Obs.]
Up [on] pain of hanging and high juise. Chaucer.
Jujube
Ju"jube (?), n. [F., fr. L. zizyphum, Gr. z\'c6zf, zizaf, zayzaf.] The
sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African
species small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially the Z. jujuba,
Z. vulgaris, Z. mucronata, and Z. Lotus. The last named is thought to
have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus
eaters. Jujube paste, the dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube;
also, a confection made of gum arabic sweetened.
Juke
Juke (?), v. i. [from Scottish jouk to bow.] To bend the neck; to bow
or duck the head. [Written also jook and jouk.]
The money merchant was so proud of his trust that he went juking
and tossing of his head. L' Estrange.
Juke
Juke, n. The neck of a bird. [Prov. Eng.]
Juke
Juke, v. i. [F. juc a roost, perch, jucher to roost, to perch.] To
perch on anything, as birds do. [Obs.]
Julaceous
Ju*la"ceous (?), a. [See Julus.] (Bot.) Like an ament, or bearing
aments; amentaceous.
Julep
Ju"lep (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. julepe, fr. Ar. & Per. jul\'beb,
jull\'beb, fr. Per. gul\'beb rose water and julep; gul rose + \'beb
water.]
1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; esp. (Med.), a
sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used as a
vehicle. Milton.
Honey in woods, juleps in brooks. H. Vaughan.
2. A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous
liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint; -- called also
mint julep. [U.S.]
Julian
Jul"ian (?; 277) a. [L. Julianus, fr. Julius. Cf. July, Gillian.]
Relating to, or derived from, Julius C\'91sar. Julian calendar, the
calendar as adjusted by Julius C\'91sar, in which the year was made to
consist of 365 days, each fourth year having 366 days. -- Julian
epoch, the epoch of the commencement of the Julian calendar, or 46 b.
c. -- Julian period, a chronological period of 7,980 years, combining
the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19 x 15 = 7,980), being
reckoned from the year 4713 B. C., when the first years of these
several cycles would coincide, so that if any year of the period be
divided by 28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the
corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by Scaliger, to
remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological dates, and was so named
because composed of Julian years. -- Julian year, the year of 365
days, 6 hours, adopted in the Julian calendar, and in use until
superseded by the Gregorian year, as established in the reformed or
Gregorian calendar.
Julienne
Ju`li*enne" (?), n. [F.] A kind of soup containing thin slices or
shreds of carrots, onions, etc.
Juliform
Ju"li*form (?), a. [Julus + -form.] (Bot.) Having the shape or
appearance of a julus or catkin.
Julus
Ju"lus (?), n.; pl.Juli (#). [Of the same origin as iulus.] (Bot.) A
catkin or ament. See Ament.
July
Ju*ly" (?), n.; pl. Julies (#). [L.Julius; -- named from Caius Julius
C\'91sar, who was born in this month: cf. F. Juillet.] The seventh
month of the year, containing thirty-one days.
NOTE: &hand; Th is mo nth was called Quintilis, or the fifth month,
according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first
month of the year.
July-flower
Ju*ly"-flow`er (?), n. See Gillyflower.
Jumart
Ju"mart (?), n. [F.] The fabled offspring of a bull and a mare. Locke.
Jumble
Jum"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jumbling
(?).] [Prob. fr. jump, i. e., to make to jump, or shake.] To mix in a
confused mass; to put or throw together without order; -- often
followed by together or up.
Why dost thou blend and jumble such inconsistencies together?
Burton.
Every clime and age Jumbled together. Tennyson.
Jumble
Jum"ble, v. i. To meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly.
Swift.
Jumble
Jum"ble, n.
1. A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order; as, a
jumble of words.
2. A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped.
Jumblement
Jum"ble*ment (?), n. Confused mixture. [Low]
Jumbler
Jum"bler (?), n. One who confuses things.
Jumblingly
Jum"bling*ly (?), adv. In a confused manner.
Jument
Ju"ment (?), n. [L. jumentum a beast of burden: cf. F. jument a mare,
OF., a beast of burden.] A beast; especially, a beast of burden.
[Obs.]
Fitter for juments than men to feed on. Burton.
Jump
Jump (?), n. [Cf. F. jupe a long petticoat, a skirt. Cf. Juppon.] (a)
A kind of loose jacket for men. (b) pl. A bodice worn instead of stays
by women in the 18th century.
Jump
Jump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jumping.] [Akin
to OD. gumpen, dial. G. gumpen, jumpen.]
1. To spring free from the ground by the muscular action of the feet
and legs; to project one's self through the air; to spring; to bound;
to leap.
Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a half by the
square. Shak.
2. To move as if by jumping; to bounce; to jolt. "The jumping
chariots." Nahum iii. 2.
A flock of geese jump down together. Dryden.
3. To coincide; to agree; to accord; to tally; -- followed by with.
"It jumps with my humor." Shak.
To jump at, to spring to; hence, fig., to accept suddenly or eagerly;
as, a fish jumps at a bait; to jump at a chance.
Jump
Jump (?), v. t.
1. To pass by a spring or leap; to overleap; as, to jump a stream.
2. To cause to jump; as, he jumped his horse across the ditch.
3. To expose to danger; to risk; to hazard. [Obs.]
To jump a body with a dangerous physic. Shak.
4. (Smithwork) (a) To join by a butt weld. (b) To thicken or enlarge
by endwise blows; to upset.
5. (Quarrying) To bore with a jumper.
To jump a claim, to enter upon and take possession of land to which
another has acquired a claim by prior entry and occupation. [Western
U. S. & Australia] See Claim, n., 3. -- To jump one's bail, to abscond
while at liberty under bail bonds. [Slang, U. S.]
Jump
Jump, n.
1. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound. "To advance by
jumps." Locke.
2. An effort; an attempt; a venture. [Obs.]
Our fortune lies Upon thisjump. Shak.
3. The space traversed by a leap.
4. (Mining) A dislocation in a stratum; a fault.
5. (Arch.) An abrupt interruption of level in a piece of brickwork or
masonry.
From the jump, from the start or beginning. [Colloq.] -- Jump joint.
(a) A butt joint. (b) A flush joint, as of plank in carvel-built
vessels. -- Jump seat. (a) A movable carriage seat. (b) A carriage
constructed with a seat which may be shifted so as to make room for
second or extra seat. Also used adjectively; as, a jump-seat wagon.
Jump
Jump, a. Nice; exact; matched; fitting; precise. [Obs.] "Jump names."
B. Jonson.
Jump
Jump, adv. Exactly; pat.[Obs.] Shak.
Jumper
Jump"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, jumps.
2. A long drilling tool used by masons and quarrymen.
3. A rude kind of sleigh; -- usually, a simple box on runners which
are in one piece with the poles that form the thills. [U.S.] J. F.
Cooper.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of the cheese fly. See Cheese fly, under
Cheese.
5. (Eccl.) A name applied in the 18th century to certain Calvinistic
Methodists in Wales whose worship was characterized by violent
convulsions.
6. (Horology) spring to impel the star wheel, also a pawl to lock fast
a wheel, in a repeating timepiece.
Baby jumper. See in the Vocabulary. -- Bounty jumper. See under
Bounty.
Jumper
Jump"er, n. [See 1st Jump.] A loose upper garment; as: (a) A sort of
blouse worn by workmen over their ordinary dress to protect it. (b) A
fur garment worn in Arctic journeys.
Jumping
Jump"ing, p. a. & vb. n. of Jump, to leap. Jumping bean, a seed of a
Mexican Euphorbia, containing the larva of a moth (Carpocapsa
saltitans). The larva by its sudden movements causes the seed to roll
to roll and jump about. -- Jumping deer (Zo\'94l.), a South African
rodent (Pedetes Caffer), allied to the jerboa. -- Jumping jack, a toy
figure of a man, jointed and made to jump or dance by means of
strings. -- Jumping louse (Zo\'94l.), any of the numerous species of
plant lice belonging to the family Psyllid\'91, several of which are
injurious to fruit trees. -- Jumping mouse (Zo\'94l.), North American
mouse (Zapus Hudsonius), having a long tail and large hind legs. It is
noted for its jumping powers. Called also kangaroo mouse. -- Jumping
mullet (Zo\'94l.), gray mullet. -- Jumping shrew (Zo\'94l.), any
African insectivore of the genus Macroscelides. They are allied to the
shrews, but have large hind legs adapted for jumping. -- Jumping
spider (Zo\'94l.), spider of the genus Salticus and other related
genera; one of the Saltigrad\'91; -- so called because it leaps upon
its prey.
Jumpweld
Jump"weld` (?), v. t. See Buttweld, v. t.
Juncaceous
Jun*ca"ceous (?), a. [See Juncate.] (Bot.) Of. pertaining to, or
resembling, a natural order of plants (Juncace\'91), of which the
common rush (Juncus) is the type.
Juncate
Jun"cate (?), n. See Junket.[Obs.] Spenser.
Juncite
Jun"cite (?), n. [L. juncus a rush.] (Paleon.) A fossil rush.
Junco
Jun"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Junco, which includes
several species of North American finches; -- called also snowbird, or
blue snowbird.
Juncous
Jun"cous (?), a. [L. juncosus, fr. juncus a rush.] Full of rushes:
resembling rushes; juncaceous. [R.] Johnson.
Junction
Junc"tion (?), n. [L. junctio, fr. jungere, junctum, to join: cf. F.
jonction. See Join.]
1. The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union;
combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or detachments;
the junction of paths.
2. The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically,
the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross.
Junction plate (Boilers), a covering or break-join plate riveted to
and uniting the edges of sheets which make a butt joint. -- Junction
rails (Railroads), the switch, or movable, rails, connecting one line
of track with another.
Juncture
Junc"ture (?), n. [L.junctura, fr. jungere to join. See Jointure.]
1. A joining; a union; an alliance. [Obs.] "Devotional compliance and
juncture of hearts." Eikon Basilike.
2. The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint; an
articulation; a seam; as, the junctures of a vessel or of the bones.
Boyle.
3. A point of time; esp., one made critical or important by a
concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an exigency.
"Extraordinary junctures." Addison.
In such a juncture, what can the most plausible and refined
philosophy offer? Berkeley.
June
June (?), n. [L. Junius: cf. F. Juin. So called either from Junius,
the name of a Roman gens, or from Juno, the goddess.] The sixth month
of the year, containing thirty days.
And what is so rare as a day in June? Then, if ever, come perfect
days. Lowell.
June beetle, June bug (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large
brown beetles of the genus Lachnosterna and related genera; -- so
called because they begin to fly, in the northern United States, about
the first of June. The larv\'91 of the June beetles live under ground,
and feed upon the roots of grasses and other plants. Called also May
bug or May beetle. -- June grass (Bot.), a New England name for
Kentucky blue grass. See Blue glass, and Illustration in Appendix.
Juneating
June"a*ting (?), n. A kind of early apple. [Written also jenneting.]
Juneberry
June"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The small applelike berry of American
trees of genus Amelanchier; -- also called service berry. (b) The
shrub or tree which bears this fruit; -- also called shad bush, and
had tree.
Jungermannia
Jun`ger*man"ni*a (?), n.; pl. Jungermanni\'91 (#). [NL. Named after
Ludwig Jungermann, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of hepatic
mosses, now much circumscribed, but formerly comprising most plants of
the order, which is sometimes therefore called Jungermanniace\'91.
Jungle
Jun"gle (?), n. [Hind. jangal desert, forest, jungle; Skr. ja desert.]
A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an almost
impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as in
India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil. <-- (Fig.) 2. a place of danger
or ruthless competition for survival. "It's a jungle out there" 3.
anything which causes difficulty due to intricacy; as a jungle of
environmental regulations. (MW10) -->
The jungles of India are of bamboos, canes, and other palms, very
difficult to penetrate. Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Jungle bear (Zo\'94l.), the aswail or sloth bear. -- Jungle cat
(Zo\'94l.), the chaus. -- Jungle cock (Zo\'94l.), the male of a jungle
fowl. -- Jungle fowl. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any wild species of the genus
Gallus, of which several species inhabit India and the adjacent
islands; as, the fork-tailed jungle fowl (G. varius) of Java, G.
Stanleyi of Ceylon, and G. Bankiva of India.
NOTE: The l atter, w hich r esembles t he d omestic g amecock, i s
supposed to be one of the original species from which the domestic
fowl was derived.
(b) An Australian grallatorial bird (Megapodius tumulus) which is
allied to the brush turkey, and, like the latter, lays its eggs in
mounds of vegetable matter, where they are hatched by the heat
produced by decomposition.
Jungly
Jun"gly (?), a. Consisting of jungles; abounding with jungles; of the
nature of a jungle.
Junior
Jun"ior (?), a. [L. contr. fr. juvenior, compar. of juvenis young. See
Juvenile.]
1. Less advanced in age than another; younger.
NOTE: &hand; Ju nior is ap plied to distinguish the younger of two
persons bearing the same name in the same family, and is opposed to
senior or elder. Commonly applied to a son who has the same
Christian name as his father.
2. Lower in standing or in rank; later in office; as, a junior
partner; junior counsel; junior captain.
3. Composed of juniors, whether younger or a lower standing; as, the
junior class; of or pertaining to juniors or to a junior class. See
Junior, n., 2.
4. Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life.
Our first studies and junior endeavors. Sir T. Browne.
Junior
Jun"ior, n.
1. A younger person.
His junior she, by thirty years. Byron.
2. Hence: One of a lower or later standing; specifically, in American
colleges, one in the third year of his course, one in the fourth or
final year being designated a senior; in some seminaries, one in the
first year, in others, one in the second year, of a three years'
course.
Juniority
Jun*ior"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being junior.
Juniper
Ju"ni*per (?), n. [L. juniperus, prop., youth-producing, and so called
from its evergreen appearance, from the roots of E. juvenile, and
parent. Cf. Gin the liquor.] (Bot.) Any evergreen shrub or tree, of
the genus Juniperus and order Conifer\'91.
NOTE: &hand; Th e common juniper (J. communis) is a shrub of a low,
spreading form, having awl-shaped, rigid leaves in whorls of
threes, and bearing small purplish blue berries (or galbuli), of a
warm, pungent taste, used as diuretic and in flavoring gin. A resin
exudes from the bark, which has erroneously been considered
identical with sandarach, and is used as pounce. The oil of juniper
is acrid, and used for various purposes, as in medicine, for making
varnish, etc. The wood of several species is of a reddish color,
hard and durable, and is used in cabinetwork under the names of red
cedar, Bermuda cedar, etc.
Juniper worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a geometrid moth (Drepanodes
varus). It feeds upon the leaves of the juniper, and mimics the small
twigs both in form and color, in a remarkable manner.
Juniperin
Ju"ni*per*in (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow amorphous substance extracted
from juniper berries.
Juniperite
Ju"ni*per*ite (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the fossil Conifer\'91,
evidently allied to the juniper.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 806
Junk
Junk (?), n. A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See
Chunk. [Colloq.] Lowell.
Junk
Junk, n. [Pg. junco junk, rush, L. juncus a bulrush, of which ropes
were made in early ages. Cf. Junket.]
1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats,
swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the
seams of ships.
2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and sold by
junk dealers.
3. (Naut.) Hard salted beef supplied to ships.
Junk bottle , a stout bottle made of thick dark-colored glass. -- Junk
dealer, a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass, etc. -- Junk hook
(Whaling), a hook for hauling heavy pieces of blubber on deck. -- Junk
ring. (a) A packing of soft material round the piston of a steam
engine. (b) A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in place;
(c) A follower. -- Junk shop, a shop where old cordage, and ship's
tackle, old iron, old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale. --
Junk vat (Leather Manuf.), a large vat into which spent tan liquor or
ooze is pumped. -- Junk wad (Mil.), a wad used in proving cannon; also
used in firing hot shot.
Junk
Junk, n. [Pg. junco; cf. Jav. & Malay jong, ajong, Chin. chwan.]
(Naut.) A large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge
masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays,
etc., in navigating their waters.
Junker
Jun"ker (?), n. [G. Cf. Yonker.] A young German noble or squire; esp.,
a member of the aristocratic party in Prussia.
Junkerism
Jun"ker*ism (?), n. The principles of the aristocratic party in
Prussia.
Junket
Jun"ket (?), n. [Formerly also juncate, fr. It. giuncata cream cheese,
made in a wicker or rush basket, fr. L. juncus a rush. See 2d Junk,
and cf. Juncate.]
1. A cheese cake; a sweetmeat; any delicate food.
How Faery Mab the junkets eat. Milton.
Victuals varied well in taste, And other junkets. Chapman.
2. A feast; an entertainment.
A new jaunt or junket every night. Thackeray.
Junket
Jun"ket, v. i. To feast; to banquet; to make an entertainment; --
sometimes applied opprobriously to feasting by public officers at the
public cost.
Job's children junketed and feasted together often. South.
Junket
Jun"ket, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Junketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Junketing.] To
give entertainment to; to feast.
The good woman took my lodgings over my head, and was in such a
hurry to junket her neighbors. Walpole.
Junketing
Jun"ket*ing, n. A feast or entertainment; a revel.
All those snug junketings and public gormandizings for which the
ancient magistrates were equally famous with their modern
successors. W. Irving.
The apostle would have no reveling or junketing upon the altar.
South.
Junketries
Jun"ket*ries (?), n. pl. Sweetmeats. [Obs.]
June
Ju"ne (?), n.; pl. Junos (#). [L.]
1. (Rom. Myth.) The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven,
and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the
Greek Hera.
Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. Shak.
2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids.
Bird of June, the peacock.
Junta
Jun"ta (?), n.; pl. Juntas (#). [Sp., fr. L. junctus joined, p. p. of
jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Junto.] A council; a convention; a
tribunal; an assembly; esp., the grand council of state in Spain.
Junto
Jun"to (?), n.; pl. Juntos (#). [Sp. junto united. See Junta.] A
secret council to deliberate on affairs of government or politics; a
number of men combined for party intrigue; a faction; a cabal; as, a
junto of ministers; a junto of politicians.
The puzzling sons of party next appeared, In dark cabals and mighty
juntos met. Thomson.
Junartie
Jun"ar*tie (?), n. Jeopardy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Jupati palm
Ju`pa*ti" palm` (?). (Bot.) A great Brazilian palm tree (Raphia
t\'91digera), used by the natives for many purposes.
Jupe
Jupe (?), n. Same as Jupon.
Jupiter
Ju"pi*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Jovis pater. See Jove.]
1. (Rom. Myth.) The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and reputed
to be the son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He corresponds to the Greek
Zeus.
2. (Astron.) One of the planets, being the brightest except Venus, and
the largest of them all, its mean diameter being about 85,000 miles.
It revolves about the sun in 4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of
5.2028 from the sun, the earth's mean distance being taken as unity.
Jupiter's beard. (Bot.) (a) A South European herb, with cymes of small
red blossoms (Centranthus ruber). (b) The houseleek (Sempervivum
tectorum); -- so called from its massive inflorescence, like the
sculptured beard of Jove. Prior. (c) the cloverlike Anthyllis
Barba-Jovis. -- Jupiter's staff (Bot.), the common mullein; -- so
called from its long, rigid spike of yellow blossoms.
Jupon, Juppon
Ju*pon" (?), Jup*pon" (?), n. [F. jupon, fr. jupe skirt, Sp. aljuba a
Moorish garment, Ar. jubba.] [Written variously jupe, jump, juppo,
etc.]
1. A sleeveless jacket worn over the armor in the 14th century. It
fitted closely, and descended below the hips. Dryden.
2. A petticoat. Halliwell.
Jura
Ju"ra (?), n. [F. & L.] 1. A range of mountains between France and
Switzerland.
2. (Geol.) The Jurassic period. See Jurassic.
Jural
Ju"ral (?), a. [L.jus, juris, right.]
1. Pertaining to natural or positive right. [R.]
By the adjective jural we shall denote that which has reference to
the doctrine of rights and obligations; as by the adjective "moral"
we denote that which has reference to the doctrine of duties.
Whewell.
2. (Law) Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.
Juramentum
Ju`ra*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Juramenta (. [L.] (Roman & Old Eng. Law) An
oath.
Jurassic
Ju*ras"sic (?), a. (Geol.) Of the age of the middle Mesozoic,
including, as divided in England and Europe, the Lias, O\'94lite, and
Wealden; -- named from certain rocks of the Jura mountains. -- n. The
Jurassic period or formation; -- called also the Jura.
Jurat
Ju"rat (?), n. [Prov. F. jurat, fr. L. juratus sworn, p. p. of jurare
to swear. See Jury, n.]
1. A person under oath; specifically, an officer of the nature of an
alderman, in certain municipal corporations in England. Burrill.
2. (Law) The memorandum or certificate at the end of an asffidavit, or
a bill or answer in chancery, showing when, before whom, and (in
English practice), where, it was sworn or affirmed. Wharton. Bouvier.
Juratory
Ju"ra*to*ry (?), a. [L. juratorius, fr. jurare to swear: cf. F.
juratoire.] Relating to or comprising an oath; as, juratory caution.
Ayliffe.
Jura-trias
Ju`ra-tri"as (?), n. (Geol.) A term applied to many American Mesozoic
strata, in which the characteristics of the Jurassic and Triassic
periods appear to be blended. -- Ju`ra-tri*as"sic (#), a.
Jurdiccion
Jur*dic"ci*on (?), n. Jurisdiction. [Obs.]
Jurdon
Jur"don (?), n. Jordan. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Jurel
Ju"rel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A yellow carangoid fish of the Atlantic and
Gulf coasts (Caranx chrysos), most abundant southward, where it is
valued as a food fish; -- called also hardtail, horse crevall\'82,
jack, buffalo jack, skipjack, yellow mackerel, and sometimes,
improperly, horse mackerel. Other species of Caranx (as C. fallax) are
also sometimes called jurel.
Juridic, Juridical
Ju*rid"ic (?), Ju*rid"ic*al (?), a. [L. juridicus relating to the
administration of justice; jus, juris, right, law + dicare to
pronounce: cf. F. juridique. See Just, a., and Diction.] Pertaining to
a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the distribution of justice;
used in courts of law; according to law; legal; as, juridical law.
"This juridical sword." Milton.
The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical construction, never
dies. Burke.
Juridical days, days on which courts are open.
Juridically
Ju*rid*ic*al*ly, adv. In a juridical manner.
Jurisconsult
Ju`ris*con"sult (?), n. [L. jurisconsultus; jus, juris, right +
consulere, consultum, to consult: cf. F. jurisconsulte.] (Law) A man
learned in the civil law; an expert in juridical science; a professor
of jurisprudence; a jurist.
Jurisdiction
Ju`ris*dic"tion (?), n. [L. jurisdictio; jus, juris, right, law +
dictio a saying, speaking: cf. OF. jurisdiction, F. juridiction. See
Just, a., and Diction.]
1. (Law) The legal power, right, or authority of a particular court to
hear and determine causes, to try criminals, or to execute justice;
judicial authority over a cause or class of causes; as, certain suits
or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes, are within the
jurisdiction of a particular court, that is, within the limits of its
authority or commission.
2. The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate; the
right of making or enforcing laws; the power or right of exercising
authority.
To live exempt From Heaven's high jurisdiction. Milton.
You wrought to be a legate; by which power You maim'd the
jurisdiction of all bishops. Shak.
3. Sphere of authority; the limits within which any particular power
may be exercised, or within which a government or a court has
authority.
NOTE: &hand; Ju risdiction, in its most general sense, is the power
to make, declare, or apply the law. When confined to the judiciary
department, it is what we denominate the judicial power, the right
of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the
laws have provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction is limited to
place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects.
Duponceau.
Jurisdictional
Ju`ris*dic"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. LL. jurisdictionalis, F.
juridictionnel.] Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as jurisdictional
rights. Barrow.
Jurisdictive
Ju`ris*dic"tive (?), a. Having jurisdiction. Milton.
Jurisprudence
Ju`ris*pru"dence (?), n. [L. jurisprudentia; jus, juris, right, law +
prudentia a foreseeing, knowledge of a matter, prudence: cf. F.
jurisprudence. See Just, a., and Prudence.] The science of juridical
law; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a state
or community, necessary for the due administration of justice.
The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology,
jurisprudence, philosophy. J. Warton.
Medical jurisprudence, that branch of juridical law which concerns
questions of medicine.
Jurisprudent
Ju`ris*pru"dent (?), a.[See Jurisprudence.] Understanding law; skilled
in jurisprudence. G. West.
Jurisprudent
Ju`ris*pru"dent, n. [Cf. F. jurisprudent.] One skilled in law or
jurisprudence. [R.] De Quincey.
Jurisprudential
Ju`ris*pru*den"tial (?), a. Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.
Stewart.
Jurist
Ju`rist (?), n. [F. juriste, LL. jurista, fr. L. jus, juris, right,
law. See Just, a.] One who professes the science of law; one versed in
the law, especially in the civil law; a writer on civil and
international law.
It has ever been the method of public jurists to Burke.
Juristic, Juristical
Ju*ris"tic (?), Ju*ris"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a jurist, to
the legal profession, or to jurisprudence. [R.] "Juristic ancestry."
Lowell.
Juror
Ju"ror (?), n. [F. jureur one who takes oath, L. jurator a swearer,
fr. jurare, jurari, to swear. See Jury, n.]
1. (Law) A member of a jury; a juryman.
I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. Shak.
2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.
Jury
Ju"ry (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) For temporary use; --
applied to a temporary contrivance. Jury mast, a temporary mast, in
place of one that has been carried away, or broken. -- Jury rudder, a
rudder constructed for temporary use.
Jury
Ju"ry (?), n.; pl. Juries (#). [OF. jur\'82e an assize, fr. jurer to
swear, L. jurare, jurari; akin to jus, juris, right, law. See Just,a.,
and cf. Jurat, Abjure.]
1. (Law) A body of men, usually twelve, selected according to law,
impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to
render their true verdict according to the evidence legally adduced.
See Grand jury under Grand, and Inquest.
The jury, passing on the prisoner's life. Shak.
2. A committee for determining relative merit or awarding prizes at an
exhibition or competition; as, the art jury gave him the first prize.
Jury of inquest, a coroner's jury. See Inquest.
Juryman
Ju"ry*man (?), n.; pl. Jurymen (. One who is impaneled on a jury, or
who serves as a juror.
Jury-rigged
Ju"ry-rigged` (?), a. (Naut.) Rigged for temporary service. See Jury,
a.
Jussi
Jus"si (?), n. A delicate fiber, produced in the Philippine Islands
from an unidentified plant, of which dresses, etc., are made.
Just
Just (?), a. [F. juste, L. justus, fr. jus right, law, justice; orig.,
that which is fitting; akin to Skr. yu to join. Cf. Injury, Judge,
Jury, Giusto.]
1. Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not doing wrong
to any; violating no right or obligation; upright; righteous; honest;
true; -- said both of persons and things. "O just but severe law!"
Shak.
There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth
not. Eccl. vii. 20.
Just balances, just weights, . . . shall ye have. Lev. xix. 36.
How should man be just with God? Job ix. 2.
We know your grace to be a man. Just and upright. Shak.
2. Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety; conformed
to the truth of things, to reason, or to a proper standard; exact;
normal; reasonable; regular; due; as, a just statement; a just
inference.
Just of thy word, in every thought sincere. Pope.
The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship To meet his
grace just distance 'tween our armies. Shak.
He was a comely personage, a little above just stature.q> Bacon.
Fire fitted with just materials casts a constant heat. Jer. Taylor.
When all The war shall stand ranged in its just array. Addison.
Their named alone would make a just volume. Burton.
3. Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due; equitable;
fair; impartial; as, just judge.
Men are commonly so just to virtue and goodness as to praise it in
others, even when they do not practice it themselves. Tillotson.
Just intonation. (Mus.) (a) The correct sounding of notes or
intervals; true pitch. (b) The giving all chords and intervals in
their purity or their exact mathematical ratio, or without
temperament; a process in which the number of notes and intervals
required in the various keys is much greater than the twelve to the
octave used in systems of temperament. H. W. Poole. Syn. -- Equitable;
upright; honest; true; fair; impartial; proper; exact; normal;
orderly; regular.
Just
Just, adv.
1. Precisely; exactly; -- in place, time, or degree; neither more nor
less than is stated.
And having just enough, not covet more. Dryden.
The god Pan guided my hand just to the heart of the beast. Sir P.
Sidney.
To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and one. Shak.
2. Closely; nearly; almost.
Just at the point of death. Sir W. Temple.
3. Barely; merely; scarcely; only; by a very small space or time; as,
he just missed the train; just too late.
A soft Etesian gale But just inspired and gently swelled the sail.
Dryden.
Just now, the least possible time since; a moment ago.
Just
Just, v. i. [See Joust.] To joust. Fairfax.
Just
Just, n. A joust. Dryden.
Justice
Jus"tice (?), n. [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See Just, a.]
1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of
righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral
obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law; integrity in
the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness.
Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy throne. Ps. ixxxix.
11.
The king-becoming graces, As justice, verity, temperance,
stableness, . . . I have no relish of them. Shak.
2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in
conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit;
honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the justice of a description or
of a judgment; historical justice.
3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment;
requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due to
one's conduct or motives.
This even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poisoned
chalice To our own lips. Shak.
4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice of a
claim.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 807
5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide
controversies and administer justice.
NOTE: &hand; Th is ti tle is given to the judges of the common law
courts in England and in the United States, and extends to judicial
officers and magistrates of every grade.
Bed of justice. See under Bed. -- Chief justice. See in the
Vocabulary. -- Justice of the peace (Law), a judicial officer or
subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of the peace in
a specified district, with other incidental powers specified in his
commission. In the United States a justice of the peace has
jurisdiction to adjudicate certain minor cases, commit offenders, etc.
Syn. -- Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity;
uprightness; fairness; impartiality. -- Justice, Equity, Law. Justice
and equity are the same; but human laws, though designed to secure
justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is strictly legal
is at times far from being equitable or just. Here a court of equity
comes in to redress the grievances. It does so, as distinguished from
courts of law; and as the latter are often styled courts of justice,
some have fancied that there is in this case a conflict between
justice and equity. The real conflict is against the working of the
law; this a court of equity brings into accordance with the claims of
justice. It would be an unfortunate use of language which should lead
any one to imagine he might have justice on his side while practicing
iniquity (inequity). Justice, Rectitude. Rectitude, in its widest
sense, is one of the most comprehensive words in our language,
denoting absolute conformity to the rule of right in principle and
practice. Justice refers more especially to the carrying out of law,
and has been considered by moralists as of three kinds: (1)
Commutative justice, which gives every man his own property, including
things pledged by promise. (2) Distributive justice, which gives every
man his exact deserts. (3) General justice, which carries out all the
ends of law, though not in every case through the precise channels of
commutative or distributive justice; as we see often done by a parent
or a ruler in his dealings with those who are subject to his control.
Justice
Jus"tice (?), v. t. To administer justice to. [Obs.] Bacon.
Justiceable
Jus"tice*a*ble (?), a. Liable to trial in a court of justice. [Obs.]
Hayward.
Justicehood
Jus"tice*hood (?), n. Justiceship. B. Jonson.
Justicement
Jus"tice*ment (?), n. Administration of justice; procedure in courts
of justice. [Obs.] Johnson.
Justicer
Jus"ti*cer (?), n. One who administers justice; a judge. [Obs.] "Some
upright justicer." Shak.
Justiceship
Jus"tice*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a justice. Holland.
Justiciable
Jus*ti"ci*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. LL. justitiabilis, F. justiciable.]
Proper to be examined in a court of justice. Bailey.
Justiciar
Jus*ti"ci*ar (?), n. Same as Justiciary.
Justiciary
Jus*ti"ci*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. LL. justitiarius, F. justicier. See
Justice.] (Old Eng. Law) An old name for the judges of the higher
English courts.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ch ief justiciary, or justiciar, in early English
history, was not only the chief justice of the kingdom, but also ex
officio regent in the king's absence.
Court of justiciary (Scots Law), the supreme criminal court, having
jurisdiction over the whole of Scotland.
Justico, Justicoat
Jus"ti*co (?), Jus"ti*coat` (?), n. [F. justaucorps, lit., close to
the body.] Formerly, a close coat or waistcoat with sleeves.
Justifiable
Jus"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. justifiable. See Justify.] Capable of
being justified, or shown to be just.
Just are the ways of God, An justifiable to men. Milton.
Syn. -- Defensible; vindicable; warrantable; excusable; exculpable;
authorizable. -- Jus"ti*fi`a*ble*ness, n. -- Jus"ti*fi`a*bly, adv.
Justification
Jus`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. justificatio: cf. F. justification. See
Justify.]
1. The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or
proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty;
defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the
prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification.
I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an
essay or taste of my virtue. Shak.
2. (Law) The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a
party charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.
3. (Theol.) The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in
respect to God's requirements.
Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our
justification. Rom. iv. 25.
In such righteousness To them by faith imputed, they may find
Justification toward God, and peace Of conscience. Milton.
4. (Print.) Adjustment of type by spacing it so as to make it exactly
fill a line, or of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also,
the leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment.
Justificative
Jus*tif"i*ca*tive (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. justificatif.] Having power to
justify; justificatory.
Justificator
Jus"ti*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [LL. justificator: cf. F. justificateur.] One
who justifies or vindicates; a justifier. Johnson.
Justificatory
Jus*tif"i*ca*to*ry (?; 277), a. Vindicatory; defensory; justificative.
Justifier
Jus"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports,
defends, or absolves.
Justifiers of themselves and hypocrites. Strype.
That he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in
Jesus. Rom. iii. 26.
Justify
Jus"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Justifying (?).] [F. justifier, L. justificare; justus just + -ficare
(in comp.) to make. See Just, a., and -fy.]
1. To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend as
conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty.
That to the height of this great argument I may assert eternal
providence, And justify the ways of God to men. Milton.
Unless the oppression is so extreme as to justify revolution, it
would not justify the evil of breaking up a government. E. Everett.
2. To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove to have
done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to absolve; to
exonerate; to clear.
I can not justify whom the law condemns. Shak.
3. (Theol.) To treat as if righteous and just; to pardon; to
exculpate; to absolve.
By him all that believe are justified from all things, from which
ye could not be justified by the law of Moses. Acts xiii. 39.
4. To prove; to ratify; to confirm. [Obs.] Shak.
5. (Print.) To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing;
to adjust, as type. See Justification, 4. Syn. -- To defend; maintain;
vindicate; excuse; exculpate; absolve; exonerate.
Justify
Jus"ti*fy, v. i.
1. (Print.) To form an even surface or true line with something else;
to fit exactly. <-- esp. in printing, to align (text) at the left
(left justify) or right (right justify) margins of a column or page,
or at both margins -->
2. (Law) To take oath to the ownership of property sufficient to
qualify one's self as bail or surety.
Justinian
Jus*tin"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Institutes or laws of the
Roman Justinian.
Justle
Jus"tle (?), v. i. [Freq. of joust, just, v. i. See Joust, v. i., and
cf. Jostle.] To run or strike against each other; to encounter; to
clash; to jostle. Shak.
The chariots shall rage in the streets; they shall justle one
against another in the broad ways. Nahum ii. 4.
Justle
Jus"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Justling
(?).] To push; to drive; to force by running against; to jostle.
We justled one another out, and disputed the post for a great
while. Addison.
Justle
Jus"tle, n. An encounter or shock; a jostle.
Justly
Just"ly (?), adv. [From Just, a.] In a just manner; in conformity to
law, justice, or propriety; by right; honestly; fairly; accurately.
"In equal balance justly weighed." Shak.
Nothing can justly be despised that can not justly be blamed: where
there is no choice there can be no blame. South.
Justness
Just"ness, n. The quality of being just; conformity to truth,
propriety, accuracy, exactness, and the like; justice; reasonableness;
fairness; equity; as, justness of proportions; the justness of a
description or representation; the justness of a cause.
In value the satisfaction I had in seeing it represented with all
the justness and gracefulness of action. Dryden.
NOTE: &hand; Justness is properly applied to things, and justice to
persons; but the distinction is not always observed.
Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; correctness; propriety; fitness;
reasonableness; equity; uprightness; justice.
Jut
Jut (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jutting.] [A
corruption of jet.]
1. To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body; as, the
jutting part of a building. "In jutting rock and curved shore."
Wordsworth.
It seems to jut out of the structure of the poem. Sir T. Browne.
2. To butt. [Obs.] "The jutting steer." Mason.
Jut
Jut, n.
1. That which projects or juts; a projection.
2. A shove; a push. [Obs.] Udall.
Jute
Jute (?), n. [Hind. j, Skr. j matted hair; cf. ja matted hair, fibrous
roots.] The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian Corchorus
olitorius, and C. capsularis; also, the plant itself. The fiber is
much used for making mats, gunny cloth, cordage, hangings, paper, etc.
Jutes
Jutes (?), n. pl. sing. Jute. (Ethnol.) Jutlanders; one of the Low
German tribes, a portion of which settled in Kent, England, in the 5th
century.
Jutlander
Jut"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Jutland in Denmark.
Jutlandish
Jut"land*ish, a. Of or pertaining to Jutland, or to the people of
Jutland.
Jutting
Jut"ting (?), a. Projecting, as corbels, cornices, etc. --
Jut"ting*ly, adv.
Jutty
Jut"ty (?), n. [See Jetty, Jut, Jet.] A projection in a building;
also, a pier or mole; a jetty. Shak.
Jutty
Jut"ty, v. t. & i. To project beyond. [Obs.] Shak.
Juvenal
Ju"ve*nal (?), n. [L. juvenalis youthful, juvenile, fr. juvenis
young.] A youth. [Obs.] Shak.
Juvenescence
Ju`ve*nes"cence (?), n. A growing young.
Juvenescent
Ju`ve*nes"cent (?), a. [L. juvenescens, p. pr. of juvenescere to grow
young again, from juvenis young.] Growing or becoming young.
Juvenile
Ju"ve*nile (?; 277), a. [L. juvenilis, from juvenis young; akin to E.
young: cf. F. juv\'82nile, juv\'82nil. See Young.]
1. Young; youthful; as, a juvenile appearance. "A juvenile
exercitation." Glanvill.
2. Of or pertaining to youth; as, juvenile sports. Syn. -- Puerile;
boyish; childish. See Youthful.
Juvenile
Ju"ve*nile, n. A young person or youth; -- used sportively or
familiarly. C. Bront\'82.
Juvenileness
Ju"ve*nile*ness, n. The state or quality of being juvenile;
juvenility.
Juvenility
Ju`ve*nil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Juvenilities (#). [L. juvenilitas: cf. F.
juv\'82nilit\'82.]
1. Youthfulness; adolescence. Glanvill.
2. The manners or character of youth; immaturity. Glanvill.
Juvia
Ju"vi*a (?), n. (Bot.) A Brazilian name for the lofty myrtaceous tree
(Bertholetia excelsa) which produces the large seeds known as Brazil
nuts.
Juwansa
Ju*wan"sa (?), n. (Bot.) The camel's thorn. See under Camel.
Juwise
Ju*wise" (?), n. [Obs.] Same as Juise. Chaucer.
Juxtapose
Jux`ta*pose" (?), v. t. [Cf. Juxtaposit, Pose.] To place in
juxtaposition. Huxley.
Juxtaposit
Jux`ta*pos"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Juxtaposited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Juxtapositing.] [L. juxta near + positus, p. p. of ponere to put.] To
place in close connection or contiguity; to juxtapose. Derham.
Juxtaposition
Jux`ta*po*si"tion (?), n. [L. juxta near + positio position: cf. F.
juxtaposition. See Just, v. i., and Position.] A placing or being
placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side; as, a juxtaposition
of words.
Parts that are united by a a mere juxtaposition. Glanvill.
Juxtaposition is a very unsafe criterion of continuity. Hare.
Junold
Jun"old (?), a. [Obs.] See Gimmal.
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