K K, (K are from the Latin, which used the letter but little except in the early period of the language. It came into the Latin from the Greek, which received it from a Ph\'d2nician source, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian,. Etymologically K is most nearly related to c, g, h (which see). NOTE: In many words of one syllable k is used after c, as in crack, check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives, cracked, checked, decked, cracking; since without it, c, before the vowels e and i, would be sounded like s. Formerly, k was added to c in certain words of Latin origin, as in musick, publick, republick; but now it is omitted. NOTE: See Guide to Pronunciation , §§ 240, 178, 179, 185. Kaama Kaa"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The hartbeest. Kabala Kab"a*la (?), n. See Cabala. Kabassou Ka*bas"sou (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Cabassou. Kabob Ka*bob" (?), n. & v. t. See Cabob, n. & v. t. Kabook Ka*book" (?), n. (min.) A clay ironstone found in Ceylon. Kabyle Ka*byle" (?), n. [Ar. qab\'c6la.] (Ethnol.) A Berber, as in Algiers or Tunis. See Berber. Kadder Kad"der (?), n. [Cf. Caddow.] (Zo\'94l.) The jackdaw. Kadi, Kadiaster Ka"di (?), Ka`di*as"ter (?), n. A Turkish judge. See Cadi. Kafal Ka*fal" (?), n. (Bot.) The Arabian name of two trees of the genus Balsamodendron, which yield a gum resin and a red aromatic wood. Kaffir, Kafir Kaf"fir (?), Ka"fir (?), n. [Ar. k infidel, pagan, fr. kafara to be skeptical in religious matters; -- a name given to certain infidel races by the Mohammedans. Cf. Giaour.] (Ethnol.) (a) One of a race which, with the Hottentots and Bushmen, inhabit South Africa. They inhabit the country north of Cape Colony, the name being now specifically applied to the tribes living between Cape Colony and Natal; but the Zulus of Natal are true Kaffirs. (b) One of a race inhabiting Kafiristan in Central Asia. [Spelt also Caffre.] Kaffir corn (Bot.), a Cape Colony name for Indian millet. Kaffle Kaf"fle (?), n. See Coffle. Kafilah Ka"fi*lah (?), n. See Cafila. Kaftan Kaf"tan (?), n & v. See Caftan. Kage Kage (?), n. A chantry chapel inclosed with lattice or screen work. Kagu Ka"gu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A singular, crested, grallatorial bird (Rhinochetos jubatus), native of New Caledonia. It is gray above, paler beneath, and the feathers of the wings and tail are handsomely barred with brown, black, and gray. It is allied to the sun bittern. Kaguan Ka`gu*an" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The colugo. Kahani Ka"ha"ni (?), n. A kind of notary public, or attorney, in the Levant. Kahau Ka*hau" (?), n. [Native name, from its cry.] (Zo\'94l.) A long-nosed monkey (Semnopithecus nasalis), native of Borneo. The general color of the body is bright chestnut, with the under parts, shoulders, and sides of the head, golden yellow, and the top of the head and upper part of the back brown. Called also proboscis monkey. [Written also kaha.] Kail Kail (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A kind of headless cabbage. Same as Kale, 1. 2. Any cabbage, greens, or vegetables. [OE. or Scot.] 3. A broth made with kail or other vegetables; hence, any broth; also, a dinner. [Scot.] Kail yard, a kitchen garden. [Scot.] Kaimacam Kai`ma*cam" (?), n. Same as Caimacam. Kain Kain (?), n. (Scots Law) Poultry, etc., required by the lease to be paid in kind by a tenant to his landlord. Wharton (Law Dict.). Kainit Kai"nit (?), n. [Trade name, fr. kainite.] Salts of potassium used in the manufacture of fertilizers. Kainite Kai"nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A compound salt consisting chiefly of potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, occurring at the Stassfurt salt mines in Prussian Saxony. Kainozoic Kai`no*zo"ic (?), a. See Cenozoic. Kaique Ka*ique" (?), n. (Naut.) See Caique. Kairine Kai"rine (?), n. (Chem.) A pale buff or white crystalline alkaloid derived from quinoline, and used as an antipyretic in medicine. Kairoline Kai`ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base obtained from quinoline. It is used as a febrifuge, and resembles kairine. Kaiser Kai"ser (?), n. [Gr., fr. L. Caesar. Cf. Kesar, and Czar.] The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in 1871. Kaka Ka"ka (?), n. [Maori kaka a parrot; -- so named from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand parrot of the genus Nestor, especially the brown parrot (Nestor meridionalis). NOTE: &hand; Th e mo untain ka ka, or ke a (N . no tabilis), is remarkable for having recently acquired carnivorous habits. It attacks and kills lambs and pigs, sometimes doing great damage. Night kaka. (Zo\'94l.) The kakapo. Kakapo Ka`ka*po" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A singular nocturnal parrot (Strigops habroptilus), native of New Zealand. It lives in holes during the day, but is active at night. It resembles an owl in its colors and general appearance. It has large wings, but can fly only a short distance. Called also owl parrot, night parrot, and night kaka. Kakaralli Kak`a*ral"li (?), n. A kind of wood common in Demerara, durable in salt water, because not subject to the depredations of the sea worm and barnacle. Kakistocracy Kak`is*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by the worst men. Kakoxene Ka*kox"ene (?), n. See Cacoxene. Kalan Ka*lan" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sea otter. Kalasie Ka`la*sie" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A long-tailed monkey of Borneo (Semnopithecus rubicundus). It has a tuft of long hair on the head. Kale Kale (?), n. [Scot. kale, kail, cale, colewort, Gael. cael; akin to Ir. cal, W. cawl, Armor. kaol. See Cole.] 1. (Bot.) A variety of cabbage in which the leaves do not form a head, being nearly the original or wild form of the species. [Written also kail, and cale.] 2. See Kail, 2. Sea kale (Bot.), a European cruciferous herb (Crambe maritima), often used as a pot herb; sea cabbage. Kaleege Ka*leege" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of large, crested, Asiatic pheasants, belonging to the genus Euplocamus, and allied to the firebacks. Kaleidophon, Kaleidophone Ka*lei"do*phon (?), Ka*lei"do*phone (?), [Gr. (Physics.) An instrument invented by Professor Wheatstone, consisting of a reflecting knob at the end of a vibrating rod or thin plate, for making visible, in the motion of a point of light reflected from the knob, the paths or curves corresponding with the musical notes produced by the vibrations. Kaleidoscope Ka*lei"do*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An instrument invented by Sir David Brewster, which contains loose fragments of colored glass, etc., and reflecting surfaces so arranged that changes of position exhibit its contents in an endless variety of beautiful colors and symmetrical forms. It has been much employed in arts of design. Shifting like the fragments of colored glass in the kaleidoscope. G. W. Cable. Kaleidoscopic, Kaleidoscopical Ka*lei`do*scop"ic (?), Ka*lei`do*scop"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a kaleidoscope; variegated. Kalendar Kal"en*dar (?), n. See Calendar. Kalendarial Kal`en*da"ri*al (?), a. See Calendarial. Kalender Kal"en*der (?), n. See 3d Calender. Kalends Kal"ends (?), n. Same as Calends. Kali Ka"li (?), n. [Skr. kali.] (Hind. Cosmog.) The last and worst of the four ages of the world; -- considered to have begun B. C. 3102, and to last 432,000 years. Kali Ka"li, n. [Skr. k\'bel\'c6.] (Hind. Myth.) The black, destroying goddess; -- called also Doorga, Anna Purna. Kali Ka"li (?), n. [Ar. qali. See Alkali.] (Bot.) The glasswort (Salsola Kali). Kalif Ka"lif (?), n. See Caliph. Kaliform Ka"li*form (?), a. [Kali + -form.] Formed like kali, or glasswort. Kaligenous Ka*lig"e*nous (?), a. [Kali + -genous. See Alkali.] Forming alkalies with oxygen, as some metals. Kalium Ka"li*um (?), n. [NL. See Kali.] (Chem.) Potassium; -- so called by the German chemists. Kalki Kal"ki (?), n. [Skr.] The name of Vishnu in his tenth and last avatar. Whitworth. Kalmia Kal"mi*a (?), n. [NL. Named in honor of Peter Kalm, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of North American shrubs with poisonous evergreen foliage and corymbs of showy flowers. Called also mountain laurel, ivy bush, lamb kill, calico bush, etc. Kalmuck Kal"muck (?), n. 1. pl. (Ethnol.) See Calmucks. 2. A kind of shaggy cloth, resembling bearskin. 3. A coarse, dyed, cotton cloth, made in Prussia. Kalong Ka*long" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fruit bat, esp. the Indian edible fruit bat (Pteropus edulis). Kaloyer Ka*loy"er (?), n. See Caloyer. Kalpa Kal"pa (?), n. [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.) One of the Brahmanic eons, a period of 4,320,000,000 years. At the end of each Kalpa the world is annihilated. Kalsomine Kal"so*mine (?), n. & v. t. Same as Calcimine. Kam Kam (?), a. [From Celtic; cf. Gael., Ir., & W. cam. Cf. Jamb, n.] Crooked; awry. [Obs.] "This is clean kam." Shak. Kama Ka"ma (?), n. [Skr. k\'bema love, the god of love.] The Hindoo Cupid. He is represented as a beautiful youth, with a bow of sugar cane or flowers. Kamala Ka*ma"la (?), n. (Bot.) The red dusty hairs of the capsules of an East Indian tree (Mallotus Philippinensis) used for dyeing silk. It is violently emetic, and is used in the treatment of tapeworm. [Written also kameela.] Kame Kame (?), n. A low ridge. [Scot.] See Eschar. Kami Ka"mi (?), n. pl. [Japanese.] A title given to the celestial gods of the first mythical dynasty of Japan and extended to the demigods of the second dynasty, and then to the long line of spiritual princes still represented by the mikado. Kamichi Ka"mi*chi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A curious South American bird (Anhima, OR Palamedea, cornuta), often domesticated by the natives and kept with poultry, which it defends against birds of prey. It has a long, slender, hornlike ornament on its head, and two sharp spurs on each wing. Although its beak, feet, and legs resemble those of gallinaceous birds, it is related in anatomical characters to the ducks and geese (Anseres). Called also horned screamer. The name is sometimes applied also to the chaja. See Chaja, and Screamer. Kamptulicon Kamp*tu"li*con (?), n. [Gr. A kind of elastic floor cloth, made of India rubber, gutta-percha, linseed oil, and powdered cork. Kampylite Kam"py*lite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A variety of mimetite or arseniate of lead in hexagonal prisms of a fine orange yellow. [Written also campylite.] Kamsin, Khamsin Kam*sin", Kham*sin" (?), n. [Ar. khams\'c6n, fr. khams\'d4n, oblique case khams\'c6n, fifty; -- so called because it blows for about fifty days, from April till June.] A hot southwesterly wind in Egypt, coming from the Sahara. [Written also Khamseen.] Kamtschadales Kam"tscha*dales (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) An aboriginal tribe inhabiting the southern part of Kamtschatka. Kan Kan (?), v. t. To know; to ken. [Obs.] See Ken. Kan Kan (?), n. See Khan. Kanacka, Kanaka Ka*nack"a (?), Ka*na"ka (?), n. [Native name, prop., a man.] A native of the Sandwich Islands. Kanchil Kan"chil (?), n. [Malay canch\'c6l.] (Zo\'94l.) A small chevrotain of the genus Tragulus, esp. T. pygm\'91us, or T. kanchil, inhabiting Java, Sumatra, and adjacent islands; a deerlet. It is noted for its agility and cunning. Kand Kand (?), n. (Mining) Fluor spar; -- so called by Cornish miners. Kangaroo Kan"ga*roo" (?), n. [Said to be the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of jumping marsupials of the family Macropodid\'91. They inhabit Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands, They have long and strong hind legs and a large tail, while the fore legs are comparatively short and feeble. The giant kangaroo (Macropus major) is the largest species, sometimes becoming twelve or fourteen feet in total length. The tree kangaroos, belonging to the genus Dendrolagus, live in trees; the rock kangaroos, of the genus Petrogale, inhabit rocky situations; and the brush kangaroos, of the genus Halmaturus, inhabit wooded districts. See Wallaby. _________________________________________________________________ Page 809 Kangaroo apple (Bot.), the edible fruit of the Tasmanian plant Solanum aviculare. -- Kangaroo grass (Bot.), a perennial Australian forage grass (Anthistiria australis). -- Kangaroo hare (Zo\'94l.), the jerboa kangaroo. See under Jerboa. -- Kangaroo mouse. (Zo\'94l.) See Jumping mouse, under Jumping. -- Kangaroo rat (Zo\'94l.), the potoroo. Kansas Kan"sas (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians allied to the Winnebagoes and Osages. They formerly inhabited the region which is now the State of Kansas, but were removed to the Indian Territory. Kantian Kant"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher; conformed or relating to any or all of the philosophical doctrines of Immanuel Kant. Kantian Kant"i*an, n. A follower of Kant; a Kantist. Kantianism, Kantism Kant"i*an*ism, Kant"ism (?), n. The doctrine or theory of Kant; the Kantian philosophy. Kantist Kant"ist n. A disciple or follower of Kant. Kanttry Kant"try (?), n. Same as Cantred. Kaolin, Kaoline Ka"o*lin, Ka"o*line (?), n. [Chin. kao-ling.] (Min.) A very pure white clay, ordinarily in the form of an impalpable powder, and used to form the paste of porcelain; China clay; porcelain clay. It is chiefly derived from the decomposition of common feldspar. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is now applied to all porcelain clays which endure the fire without discoloration. Kaolinization Ka`o*lin`i*za"tion (?), n. The process by which feldspar is changed into kaolin. Kaolinize Ka"o*lin*ize (?), v. t. To convert into kaolin. Kapelle Ka*pel"le (?), n. [G.] (Mus.) A chapel; hence, the choir or orchestra of a prince's chapel; now, a musical establishment, usually orchestral. Grove. Kapellmeister Ka*pell"meis`ter (?), n. [G.] (Mus.) See Capellmeister. Kapia Ka"pi*a (?), n. [Native name.] (Min.) The fossil resin of the kauri tree of New Zealand. Kapnomar Kap"no*mar (?), n. Chem.) See Capnomor. Karagane Kar"a*gane (?), n. [Russ. karagan'] (Zo\'94l.) A species of gray fox found in Russia. Karaism Ka"ra*ism (?), n. Doctrines of the Karaites. Karaite Ka"ra*ite (?), n. [Heb.q\'ber\'be to read.] (Eccl. Hist.) A sect of Jews who adhere closely to the letter of the Scriptures, rejecting the oral law, and allowing the Talmud no binding authority; -- opposed to the Rabbinists. Karatas Ka*ra"tas (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian plant of the Pineapple family (Nidularium Karatas). Karma Kar"ma (?), n. [Skr.] (Buddhism) One's acts considered as fixing one's lot in the future existence. (Theos.) The doctrine of fate as the inflexible result of cause and effect; the theory of inevitable consequence. Karmathian Kar*ma"thi*an (?), n. One of a Mohammedan sect founded in the ninth century by Karmat. Karn Karn (?), n. [Cornish. Cf. Cairn.] (Mining) A pile of rocks; sometimes, the solid rock. See Cairn. Karob Ka"rob (?), n. [Cf. Carat.] The twenty-fourth part of a grain; -- a weight used by goldsmiths. Crabb. Karpholite Kar"pho*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. carpholithe.] (Min.) A fibrous mineral occurring in tufts of a straw-yellow color. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and manganese. Karreo Kar*reo" (?), n.; pl. Karroos (. One of the dry table-lands of South Africa, which often rise terracelike to considerable elevations. [Also karoo.] The Great Karroo, OR The Karroo, a vast plateau, in Cape Colony, stretching through five degrees of longitude, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet. Karstenite Kar"sten*ite (?), n. Same as Anhydrite. Karvel Kar"vel (?), n. [Obs.] See Carvel, and Caravel. Karyokinesis Kar"y*o*ki*ne`sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The indirect division of cells in which, prior to division of the cell protoplasm, complicated changes take place in the nucleus, attended with movement of the nuclear fibrils; -- opposed to karyostenosis. The nucleus becomes enlarged and convoluted, and finally the threads are separated into two groups which ultimately become disconnected and constitute the daughter nuclei. Called also mitosis. See Cell development, under Cell. Karyokinetic Kar`y*o*ki*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to karyokinesis; as, karyokinetic changes of cell division. Karyomiton Kar`y*om"i*ton (?), n. [NL., Gr. ( (Biol.) The reticular network of fine fibers, of which the nucleus of a cell is in part composed; -- in opposition to kytomiton, or the network in the body of the cell. W. Flemming. Karyoplasma Kar`y*o*plas"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a num + (Biol.) The protoplasmic substance of the nucleus of a cell: nucleoplasm; -- in opposition to kytoplasma, the protoplasm of the cell. Karyostenosis Kar`y*o*ste*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) Direct cell division (in which there is first a simple division of the nucleus, without any changes in its structure, followed by division of the protoplasm of the karyostenotic mode of nuclear division. Kasack Ka*sack" (?), n. (Ethnol.) Same as Cossack. Kat Kat (?), n. (Bot.) An Arabian shrub Catha edulis) the leaves of which are used as tea by the Arabs. Katabolic Kat`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to katabolism; as, katabolic processes, which give rise to substances (katastates) of decreasing complexity and increasing stability. Katabolism Ka*tab"o*lism (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) Destructive or downward metabolism; regressive metamorphism; -- opposed to anabolism. See Disassimilation. Katastate Kat"a*state (?), n. [Gr. ( (Physiol.) A substance formed by a katabolic process; -- opposed to anastate. See Katabolic. Kate Kate (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The brambling finch. Kathetal Kath"e*tal (?), a. [Gr. Cathetus.] (Math.) Making a right angle; perpendicular, as two lines or two sides of a triangle, which include a right angle. Kathetometer Kath`e*tom"e*ter (?), n. Same as Cathetometer. Kattinumdoo Kat`ti*num"doo (?), n. A caoutchouc like substance obtained from the milky juice of the East Indian Euphorbia Kattimundoo. It is used as a cement. Katydid Ka"ty*did` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large, green, arboreal, orthopterous insect (Cyrtophyllus concavus) of the family Locustid\'91, common in the United States. The males have stridulating organs at the bases of the front wings. During the summer and autumn, in the evening, the males make a peculiar, loud, shrill sound, resembling the combination Katy-did, whence the name. Kauri Ka"u*ri (?), n. [Native name.] (Bot.) A lofty coniferous tree of New Zealand Agathis, OR Dammara, australis), furnishing valuable timber and yielding one kind of dammar resin. [Written also kaudi, cowdie, and cowrie.] Kava Ka"va (?), n. [Polynesian.] (Bot.) A species of Macropiper (M. methysticum), the long pepper, from the root of which an intoxicating beverage is made by the Polynesians, by a process of mastication; also, the beverage itself. [Written also kawa, kava, and ava.] Kavass Ka*vass" (?), n.; pl. Kavasses (#) [Turk. k\'bevv\'bes] An armed constable; also, a government servant or courier. [Turkey] Kaw Kaw (?), v. i. & n. See Caw. Kawaka Ka*wa"ka (?), n. (Bot.) a New Zealand tree, the Cypress cedar (Libocedrus Doniana), having a valuable, fine-grained, reddish wood. Kawn Kawn (?), n. A inn. [Turkey] See Khan. Kayak Kay"ak (?), n. (Naut.) A light canoe, made of skins stretched over a frame, and usually capable of carrying but one person, who sits amidships and uses a double-bladed paddle. It is peculiar to the Eskimos and other Arctic tribes. Kayaker Kay"ak*er (?), n. One who uses a kayak. Kayko Kay"ko (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dog salmon. Kayles Kayles (?), n. pl. [Akin to Dan. kegle, Sw. kegla, D. & G. kegel, OHG. kegil, whence F. quille.] A game; ninepins. [Prov Eng.] Carew. Kaynard Kay"nard (?), n. [F. cagnard.] A lazy or cowardly person; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer. Keck Keck (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kecking.] [Cf. dial. G. k\'94cken, k\'94ken.] To heave or to retch, as in an effort to vomit. [R.] Swift. Keck Keck, n. An effort to vomit; queasiness. [R.] Keckle Kec"kle (?), v. i. & n. See Keck, v. i. & n. Keckle Kec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keckling (?).] (Naut.) To wind old rope around, as a cable, to preserve its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains around, to defend from the friction of a rocky bottom, or from the ice. Totten. Keckling Kec"kling (?), n. Old rope or iron chains wound around a cable. See Keckle, v. t. Kecklish Kec"klish (?), a. [From keck, keckle.] Inclined to vomit; squeamish. [R.] Holland. Kecksy Keck"sy (?), n.; pl. Kecksies (-s&icr;z). [Properly pl. of kex. See Kex.] (Bot.) The hollow stalk of an umbelliferous plant, such as the cow parsnip or the hemlock. [Written also kex, and in pl., kecks, kaxes.] Nothing teems But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs. Shak. Kecky Keck"y (?), a. Resembling a kecksy. Grew. Kedge Kedge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kedged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kedging.] [Cf. dial. Sw. keka to tug, to drag one's self slowly forward; or perh. fr. ked, and kedge, n., for ked anchor, named from the ked or cask fastened to the anchor to show where it lies.] (Naut.) To move (a vessel) by carrying out a kedge in a boat, dropping it overboard, and hauling the vessel up to it. Kedge Kedge, n. [See Kedge, v. t.] (Naut.) A small anchor used whenever a large one can be dispensed witch. See Kedge, v. t., and Anchor, n. Keger Keg"er (?) n. (Naut.) A small anchor; a kedge. Kedlook Ked"look (?), n. [Cf. dial. G.k\'94ddik, k\'81dik, kettich, keek, Dan. kidike, E. charlock, and AS. cedelc the herb mercury.] (Bot.) See Charlock. Kee Kee (?), n. pl. of Cow. [AS. c, pl. of c cow. See Kine.] See Kie, Ky, and Kine. [Prov. Eng.] Gay. Keech Keech (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. keech a cake.] A mass or lump of fat rolled up by the butcher. [Obs.] Shak. Keel Keel (?), v. t. & i. [AS. c to cool, fr. c cool. See Cool.] To cool; to akin or stir [Obs.] While greasy Joan doth keel the pot. Shak. Keel Keel, n. A brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat. Keel Keel, n. [Cf. AS. ce\'a2l ship; akin to D. & G. kiel keel, OHG. chiol ship, Icel. kj, and perh. to Gr. gla ball, round water vessel. But the meaning of the English word seems to come from Icel. kj\'94lr keel, akin to Sw. k\'94l, Dan. kj\'94l.] 1. (Shipbuilding) A longitudinal timber, or series of timbers scarfed together, extending from stem to stern along the bottom of a vessel. It is the principal timber of the vessel, and, by means of the ribs attached on each side, supports the vessel's frame. In an iron vessel, a combination of plates supplies the place of the keel of a wooden ship. See Illust. of Keelson. 2. Fig.: The whole ship. 3. A barge or lighter, used on the Type for carrying coal from Newcastle; also, a barge load of coal, twentyone tons, four cwt. [Eng.] 4. (Bot.) The two lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous flower, united and inclosing the stamens and pistil; a carina. See Carina. 5. (Nat. Hist.) A projecting ridge along the middle of a flat or curved surface. Bilge keel (Naut.), a keel peculiar to ironclad vessels, extending only a portion of the length of the vessel under the bilges. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- False keel. See under False. -- Keel boat. (a) A covered freight boat, with a keel, but no sails, used on Western rivers. [U. S.] (b) A low, flat-bottomed freight boat. See Keel, n., 3. -- Keel piece, one of the timbers or sections of which a keel is composed. On even keel, in a level or horizontal position, so that the draught of water at the stern and the bow is the same. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Keel Keel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Keeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keeling.] 1. To traverse with a keel; to navigate. 2. To turn up the keel; to show the bottom. To keel over, to upset; to capsize. [Colloq.] Keelage Keel"age (?), n. [Cf. F. guillage, fr. guille keel; of German or Scand origin. See 3d Keel.] The right of demanding a duty or toll for a ship entering a port; also, the duty or toll. Bouvier. Wharton. Keeled Keeled (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Keel-shaped; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; as, a keeled leaf. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a median ridge; carinate; as, a keeled scale. Keeler Keel"er (?), n. [See 3d Keel.] 1. One employed in managing a Newcastle keel; -- called also keelman. 2. A small or shallow tub; esp., one used for holding materials for calking ships, or one used for washing dishes, etc. Keelfat Keel"fat` (?), n. [Keel to cool + fat a large tub, a vat.] (Brewing) A cooler; a vat for cooling wort, etc. [Written also keelvat.] Johnson. Keelhaul Keel"haul` (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Keelhauled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keelhauling.] [3d keel + haul: cf. LG. & D. kielhalen, G. kielholen. ] [Written also keelhale.] (Naut.) To haul under the keel of a ship, by ropes attached to the yardarms on each side. It was formerly practiced as a punishment in the Dutch and English navies. Totten. Keeling Kee"ling (?), n. [Cf. Icel. keila, Sw. kolja, Dan. kulle.] (Zo\'94l.) A cod. Keelivine Kee"li*vine (?), n. [Cf. Gael. cil ruddle.] A pencil of black or red lead; -- called also keelyvine pen. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Keelman Keel"man (?), n.; pl. -men (. See Keeler, 1. Keelrake Keel"rake` (?), v. t. (Naut.) Same as Keelhaul. Keels Keels (?), n. pl. Ninepins. See Kayles. Keelson Keel"son (?), n. [Akin to Sw. k\'94lsvin, Dan. kj\'94lsviin, G. kielschwein; apparently compounded of the words keel and swine; but cf. Norweg. kj\'94lsvill, where svill is akin to E. sill, n. ] (Shipbuilding) A piece of timber in a ship laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the keel, and binding the floor timbers to the keel; in iron vessels, a structure of plates, situated like the keelson of a timber ship. Cross keelson, a similar structure lying athwart the main keelson, to support the engines and boilers. _________________________________________________________________ Page 810 Keelvat Keel"vat` (?), n. See Keelfat. Keen Keen (?), a. [Compar. Keener (?); superl. Keenest.] [OE. kene sharp, bold, AS.c bold; akin to D. koen, OHG. kuoni, G. k\'81hn, OSw. kyn, k\'94n, Icel. k\'91nn, for koenn wise; perh. akin to E. ken, can to be able. 1. Sharp; having a fine edge or point; as, a keen razor, or a razor with a keen edge. A bow he bare and arwes [arrows] bright and kene. Chaucer. That my keen knife see not the wound it makes. Shak. 2. Acute of mind; sharp; penetrating; having or expressing mental acuteness; as, a man of keen understanding; a keen look; keen features. To make our wits more keen. Shak. Before the keen inquiry of her thought. Cowper. 3. Bitter; piercing; acrimonious; cutting; stinging; severe; as, keen satire or sarcasm. Good father cardinal, cry thou amen To my keen curses. Shak. 4. Piercing; penetrating; cutting; sharp; -- applied to cold, wind, etc, ; as, a keen wind; the cold is very keen. Breasts the keen air, and carols as he goes. Goldsmith. 5. Eager; vehement; fierce; as, a keen appetite. "Of full kene will." Piers Plowman. So keen and greedy to confound a man. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ke en is often used in the composition of words, most of which are of obvious signification; as, keen-edged, keen-eyed, keen-sighted, keen-witted, etc. Syn. -- Prompt; eager; ardent; sharp; acute; cutting; penetrating; biting; severe; sarcastic; satirical; piercing; shrewd. Keen Keen, v. t. To sharpen; to make cold. [R.] Cold winter keens the brightening flood. Thomson. Keen Keen, n. [Ir. caoine.] A prolonged wail for a deceased person. Cf. Coranach. [Ireland] Froude. Keen Keen, v. i. To wail as a keener does. [Ireland] Keener Keen"er (?), n. A professional mourner who wails at a funeral. [Ireland] Keenly Keen"ly, adv. In a keen manner. Keenness Keen"ness, n. The quality or state of being keen. Keep Keep (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kept (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keeping.] [OE. k, AS.c to keep, regard, desire, await, take, betake; cf. AS. copenere lover, OE. copnien to desire.] 1. To care; to desire. [Obs.] I kepe not of armes for to yelp [boast]. Chaucer. 2. To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let go of; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose; to retain; to detain. If we lose the field, We can not keep the town. Shak. That I may know what keeps me here with you. Dryden. If we would weigh and keep in our minds what we are considering, that would instruct us. Locke. 3. To cause to remain in a given situation or condition; to maintain unchanged; to hold or preserve in any state or tenor. His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton. Keep a stiff rein, and move but gently on. Addison. NOTE: &hand; In th is sense it is often used with prepositions and adverbs, as to keep away, to keep down, to keep from, to keep in, out, or off, etc. "To keep off impertinence and solicitation from his superior." Addison. 4. To have in custody; to have in some place for preservation; to take charge of. The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was always kept in the castle of Vicegrade. Knolles. 5. To preserve from danger, harm, or loss; to guard. Behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Gen. xxviii. 15. 6. To preserve from discovery or publicity; not to communicate, reveal, or betray, as a secret. Great are thy virtues . . . though kept from man. Milton. 7. To attend upon; to have the care of; to tend. And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. Gen. ii. 15. In her girlish age, she kept sheep on the moor. Carew. 8. To record transactions, accounts, or events in; as, to keep books, a journal, etc. ; also, to enter (as accounts, records, etc. ) in a book. 9. To maintain, as an establishment, institution, or the like; to conduct; to manage; as, to keep store. Like a pedant that keeps a school. Shak. Every one of them kept house by himself. Hayward. 10. To supply with necessaries of life; to entertain; as, to keep boarders. 11. To have in one's service; to have and maintain, as an assistant, a servant, a mistress, a horse, etc. I keep but three men and a boy. Shak. 12. To have habitually in stock for sale. 13. To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to intermit or fall from; to hold to; to maintain; as, to keep silence; to keep one's word; to keep possession. Both day and night did we keep company. Shak. Within this portal as I kept my watch. Smollett. 14. To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; not to swerve from or violate; to practice or perform, as duty; not to neglect; to be faithful to. I have kept the faith. 2 Tim. iv. 7. Him whom to love is to obey, and keep His great command. Milton. 15. To confine one's self to; not to quit; to remain in; as, to keep one's house, room, bed, etc. ; hence, to haunt; to frequent. Shak. 'Tis hallowed ground; Fairies, and fawns, and satyrs do it keep. J. Fletcher. 16. To observe duty, as a festival, etc. ; to celebrate; to solemnize; as, to keep a feast. I went with them to the house of God . . . with a multitude that kept holyday. Ps. xlii. 4. To keep at arm's length. See under Arm, n. -- To keep back. (a) To reserve; to withhold. "I will keep nothing back from you." Jer. xlii. 4. (b) To restrain; to hold back. "Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins." Ps. xix. 13. -- To keep company with. (a) To frequent the society of; to associate with; as, let youth keep company with the wise and good. (b) To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with one on a voyage; also, to pay court to, or accept attentions from, with a view to marriage. [Colloq.] -- To keep counsel. See under Counsel, n. -- To keep down. (a) To hold in subjection; to restrain; to hinder. (b) (Fine Arts) To subdue in tint or tone, as a portion of a picture, so that the spectator's attention may not be diverted from the more important parts of the work. -- To keep good (OR bad) hours, to be customarily early (or late) in returning home or in retiring to rest. -- To keep house. (a) To occupy a separate house or establishment, as with one's family, as distinguished from boarding; to manage domestic affairs. (b) (Eng. Bankrupt Law) To seclude one's self in one's house in order to evade the demands of creditors. -- To keep one's hand in, to keep in practice. -- To keep open house, to be hospitable. -- To keep the peace (Law), to avoid or to prevent a breach of the peace. -- To keep school, to govern, manage and instruct or teach a school, as a preceptor. -- To keep a stiff upper lip, to keep up one's courage. [Slang] -- To keep term. (a) (Eng. Universities) To reside during a term. (b) (Inns of Court) To eat a sufficient number of dinners in hall to make the term count for the purpose of being called to the bar. [Eng.] Mozley & W. -- To keep touch. See under Touch, n. -- To keep under, to hold in subjection; hence, to oppress. -- To keep up. (a) To maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution; as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's credit. (b) To maintain; to continue; to prevent from ceasing. "In joy, that which keeps up the action is the desire to continue it." Locke. Syn. -- To retain; detain; reserve; preserve; hold; restrain; maintain; sustain; support; withhold. -- To Keep. Retain, Preserve. Keep is the generic term, and is often used where retain or preserve would too much restrict the meaning; as, to keep silence, etc. Retain denotes that we keep or hold things, as against influences which might deprive us of them, or reasons which might lead us to give them up; as, to retain vivacity in old age; to retain counsel in a lawsuit; to retain one's servant after a reverse of fortune. Preserve denotes that we keep a thing against agencies which might lead to its being destroyed or broken in upon; as, to preserve one's health; to preserve appearances. Keep Keep (?), v. i. 1. To remain in any position or state; to continue; to abide; to stay; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out of company, or out reach. 2. To last; to endure; to remain unimpaired. If the malt be not thoroughly dried, the ale it makes will not keep. Mortimer. 3. To reside for a time; to lodge; to dwell. [Now disused except locally or colloquially.] Knock at his study, where, they say, he keeps. Shak. 4. To take care; to be solicitous; to watch. [Obs.] Keep that the lusts choke not the word of God that is in us. Tyndale. 5. To be in session; as, school keeps to-day. [Colloq.] To keep from, to abstain or refrain from. -- To keep in with, to keep on good terms with; as, to keep in with an opponent. -- To keep on, to go forward; to proceed; to continue to advance. -- To keep to, to adhere strictly to; not to neglect or deviate from; as, to keep to old customs; to keep to a rule; to keep to one's word or promise. -- To keep up, to remain unsubdued; also, not to be confined to one's bed. Keep Keep, n. 1. The act or office of keeping; custody; guard; care; heed; charge. Chaucer. Pan, thou god of shepherds all, Which of our tender lambkins takest keep. Spenser. 2. The state of being kept; hence, the resulting condition; case; as, to be in good keep. 3. The means or provisions by which one is kept; maintenance; support; as, the keep of a horse. Grass equal to the keep of seven cows. Carlyle. I performed some services to the college in return for my keep. T. Hughes. 4. That which keeps or protects; a stronghold; a fortress; a castle; specifically, the strongest and securest part of a castle, often used as a place of residence by the lord of the castle, especially during a siege; the donjon. See Illust. of Castle. The prison strong, Within whose keep the captive knights were laid. Dryden. The lower chambers of those gloomy keeps. Hallam. I think . . . the keep, or principal part of a castle, was so called because the lord and his domestic circle kept, abode, or lived there. M. A. Lower. 5. That which is kept in charge; a charge. [Obs.] Often he used of his keep A sacrifice to bring. Spenser. 6. (Mach.) A cap for retaining anything, as a journal box, in place. To take keep, to take care; to heed. [Obs.] Chaucer. Keeper Keep"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, keeps; one who, or that which, holds or has possession of anything. 2. One who retains in custody; one who has the care of a prison and the charge of prisoners. 3. One who has the care, custody, or superintendence of anything; as, the keeper of a park, a pound, of sheep, of a gate, etc. ; the keeper of attached property; hence, one who saves from harm; a defender; a preserver. The Lord is thy keeper. Ps. cxxi. 6. 4. One who remains or keeps in a place or position. Discreet; chaste; keepers at home. Titus ii. 5. 5. A ring, strap, clamp, or any device for holding an object in place; as: (a) The box on a door jamb into which the bolt of a lock protrudes, when shot. (b) A ring serving to keep another ring on the finger. (c) A loop near the buckle of a strap to receive the end of the strap. 6. A fruit that keeps well; as, the Roxbury Russet is a good keeper. Downing. Keeper of the forest (O. Eng. Law), an officer who had the principal government of all things relating to the forest. -- Keeper of the great seal, a high officer of state, who has custody of the great seal. The office is now united with that of lord chancellor. [Eng.] -- Keeper of the King's conscience, the lord chancellor; -- a name given when the chancellor was an ecclesiastic. [Eng.] -- Keeper of the privy seal (styled also lord privy seal), a high officer of state, through whose hands pass all charters, pardons, etc., before they come to the great seal. He is a privy councillor, and was formerly called clerk of the privy seal. [Eng.] -- Keeper of a magnet, a piece of iron which connects the two poles, for the purpose of keeping the magnetic power undiminished; an armature. Keepership Keep"er*ship (?), n. The office or position of a keeper. Carew. Keeping Keep"ing, n. 1. A holding; restraint; custody; guard; charge; care; preservation. His happiness is in his own keeping. South. 2. Maintenance; support; provision; feed; as, the cattle have good keeping. The work of many hands, which earns my keeping. Milton. 3. Conformity; congruity; harmony; consistency; as, these subjects are in keeping with each other. 4. (Paint.) Harmony or correspondence between the different parts of a work of art; as, the foreground of this painting is not in keeping. Keeping room, a family sitting room. [New Eng. & Prov. Eng.] Syn. -- Care; guardianship; custody; possession. Keepsake Keep"sake` (?), n. Anything kept, or given to be kept, for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship. Keesh Keesh (?), n. See Kish. Keeve Keeve (?), n. [AS. c, fr. L. cupa a tub, cask; also, F. cuve. Cf. Kive, Coop.] 1. (Brewing) A vat or tub in which the mash is made; a mash tub. Ure. 2. (Bleaching) A bleaching vat; a kier. 3. (Mining) A large vat used in dressing ores. Keeve Keeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keeved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keeving.] 1. To set in a keeve, or tub, for fermentation. 2. To heave; to tilt, as a cart. [Prov. Eng.] Keever Keev"er (?), n. See Keeve, n. Keffe-kil Kef"fe-kil (?), n. (Min.) See Kiefekil. Keg Keg (?), n. [Earlier cag, Icel. kaggi; akin to Sw. kagge.] A small cask or barrel. Keilhau-ite Keil"hau-ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral of a brownish black color, related to titanite in form. It consists chiefly of silica, titanium dioxide, lime, and yttria. Keir Keir (?), n. See Kier. Keitloa Keit*lo"a (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A black, two-horned, African rhinoceros (Atelodus keitloa). It has the posterior horn about as long as the anterior one, or even longer. Keld Keld (?), a. [Cf. Cavl.] Having a kell or covering; webbed. [Obs.] Drayton. Kele Kele (?), v. t. [See Keel to cool.] To cool. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kell Kell (?), n. A kiln. [Obs.] Kell Kell, n. [A modification of kale.] A sort of pottage; kale. See Kale, 2. Ainsworth. Kell Kell, n. [Cf. Caul.] 1. The caul; that which covers or envelops as a caul; a net; a fold; a film. [Obs.] I'll have him cut to the kell. Beau. & Fl. 2. The cocoon or chrysalis of an insect. B. Jonson. Keloid Ke"loid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Med.) Applied to a variety of tumor forming hard, flat, irregular excrescences upon the skin. -- n. A keloid tumor. Kelotomy Ke*lot"o*my (?), n. (Med.) See Celotomy. Kelp Kelp (?), n. [Formerly kilpe; of unknown origin.] 1. The calcined ashes of seaweed, -- formerly much used in the manufacture of glass, now used in the manufacture of iodine. 2. (Bot.) Any large blackish seaweed. NOTE: &hand; La minaria is th e co mmon ke lp of Gr eat Br itain; Macrocystis pyrifera and Nereocystis Lutkeana are the great kelps of the Pacific Ocean. Kelp crab (Zo\'94l.), a California spider crab (Epialtus productus), found among seaweeds, which it resembles in color. -- Kelp salmon (Zo\'94l.), a serranoid food fish (Serranus clathratus) of California. See Cabrilla. Kelpfish Kelp"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small California food fish (Heterostichus rostratus), living among kelp. The name is also applied to species of the genus Platyglossus. Kelpie, Kelpy Kel"pie, Kel"py, n.; pl. Kelpies (#). [Cf. Gael. cailpeach, calpach, colpach, a heifer, steer, colt, colpa a cow or horse.] (Scotch Myth.) An imaginary spirit of the waters, horselike in form, vulgarly believed to warn, by preternatural noises and lights, those who are to be drowned. Jamieson. Kelpware Kelp"ware` (?), n. Same as Kelp, 2. Kelson Kel"son (?), n. See Keelson. Sir W. Raleigh. Kelt Kelt (?), n. See Kilt, n. Jamieson. Kelt Kelt, n. [Cf. Icel. kult quilt.] Cloth with the nap, generally of native black wool. [Scot.] Jamieson. Kelt Kelt, n. A salmon after spawning. [Scot.] Kelt Kelt, n. Same as Celt, one of Celtic race. Kelter Kel"ter (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. cealt clothes, Gael. cealltair spear, castle, cause, Prov. E. kilter tool, instrument. Cf. Kilt.] Regular order or proper condition. [Written also kilter.] [>Colloq.] If the organs of prayer be out of kelter or out of tune, how can we pray? Barrow. <-- now most commonly out of kilter --> Keltic Kelt"ic (?), a. & n. Same as Celtic, a. & n. Kemb Kemb (?), n. t. [imp. & p. p. Kembed (?) or Kempt (p. pr. & vb. n. Kembing.] [OE.kemben, AS. cemban, fr. camb comb.] To comb. [Obs.] His longe hair was kembed behind his back. Chaucer. Kemelin Kem"e*lin (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E.kemlin, kimlin, kimmel, a salting tub, any tub, kembing a brewing tub, G. kumme bowl, basin, W. cwmman a tub, brewing tub.] A tub; a brewer's vessel. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kemp, Kempty Kemp (?), Kemp"ty (?), n. Coarse, rough hair wool or fur, injuring its quality. Kempe Kem"pe (?), a.Rough; shaggy. [Obs.] "Kempe hairs." Chaucer. Kemps Kemps (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) The long flower stems of the ribwort plantain (Plantago Lanceolata). Dr. Prior. Kempt Kempt (?), p. p. of Kemb. B. Jonson. Ken Ken (?), n. [Perh. from kennel.] A house; esp., one which is a resort for thieves. [Slang, Eng.] Ken Ken, n. t. [imp. & p. p. Kenned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kenning.] [OE.kennen to teach, make known, know, AS. cennan to make known, proclaim, or rather from the related Icel. kenna to know; akin to D. & G. kennen to know, Goth. kannjan to make known; orig., a causative corresponding to AS. cunnan to know, Goth. kunnan. &root;45. See Can to be able, Know.] 1. To know; to understand; to take cognizance of. [Archaic or Scot.] 2. To recognize; to descry; to discern. [Archaic or Scot.] "We ken them from afar." Addison 'T is he. I ken the manner of his gait. Shak. Ken Ken, v. i. To look around. [Obs.] Burton. Ken Ken, n. Cognizance; view; especially, reach of sight or knowledge. "Beyond his ken." Longfellow. Above the reach and ken of a mortal apprehension. South. It was relief to quit the ken And the inquiring looks of men. Trench. Kendal green, OR Kendal Ken"dal green` (?), OR Ken"dal.A cloth colored green by dye obtained from the woad-waxen, formerly used by Flemish weavers at Kendal, in Westmoreland, England. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). How couldst thou know these men in Kendal green ? Shak. Kennel Ken"nel (?), n. [See Channel, Canal.] The water course of a street; a little canal or channel; a gutter; also, a puddle. Bp. Hall. Kennel Ken"nel, n. [OE.kenel, (assumed) OF. kenil, F. chenil, LL. canile, fr. L. canis a dog. Cf. Canine.] 1. A house for a dog or for dogs, or for a pack of hounds. A dog sure, if he could speak, had wit enough to describe his kennel. Sir P. Sidney. 2. A pack of hounds, or a collection of dogs. Shak. 3. The hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt. Kennel Ken"nel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kenneled (?) or Kennelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Kennelling.] To lie or lodge; to dwell, as a dog or a fox. The dog kenneled in a hollow tree. L'Estrange. Kennel Ken"nel, v. t. To put or keep in a kennel. Thomson. Kennel coal Ken"nel coal` (?). See Cannel coal. Kenning Ken"ning (?), n. [See Ken, v. t.] 1. Range of sight. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. The limit of vision at sea, being a distance of about twenty miles. Keno Ke"no (?), n. [F. quine five winning numbers, fr. L. quini five each, quinque five. See Five.] A gambling game, a variety of the game of lotto, played with balls or knobs, numbered, and cards also numbered. [U. S.] Kenogenesis Ken`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) Modified evolution, in which nonprimitive characters make their appearance in consequence of a secondary adaptation of the embryo to the peculiar conditions of its environment; -- distinguished from palingenesis. [Written also c\'91nogenesis.] Kenogenetic Ken`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to kenogenesis; as, kenogenetic processes. -- Ken`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Kenspeckle Ken"spec`kle (?), a. Having so marked an appearance as easily to be recognized. [Scot.] Kent bugle Kent" bu"gle (?). [Probably named after a Duke of Kent.] (Mus.) A curved bugle, having six finger keys or stops, by means of which the performer can play upon every key in the musical scale; -- called also keyed bugle, and key bugle. Moore. Kentle Ken"tle (?), n. [From Quintal.] (Com.) A hundred weight; a quintal. Kentledge Kent"ledge (?), n. [OF. cant edge, corner, D.kant. See Cant edge, angle.] (Naut.) Pigs of iron used for ballast. [Written also kintlidge.] Kentucky Ken*tuck"y (?), n. One of the United States. Kentucky blue grass (Bot.), a valuable pasture and meadow grass (Poa pratensis), found in both Europe and America. See under Blue grass. -- Kentucky coffee tree (Bot.), a tall North American tree (Gymnocladus Canadensis) with bipinnate leaves. It produces large woody pods containing a few seeds which have been used as a substitute for coffee. The timber is a very valuable. Kephalin Keph"a*lin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of nitrogenous phosphorized principles, supposed by Thudichum to exist in brain tissue. Kept Kept (?), imp. & p. p. of Keep. Kept mistress, a concubine; a woman supported by a man as his paramour. Keramic Ke*ram"ic (?), a. Same as Ceramic. Keramics Ke*ram"ics (?), n. Same as Ceramics. Keramographic Ker`a*mo*graph"ic (?), a. [Gr. graph + ic.] Suitable to be written upon; capable of being written upon, as a slate; -- said especially of a certain kind of globe. Scudamore. Kerana Ke*ra"na (?), n. (Mus.) A kind of long trumpet, used among the Persians. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Kerargyrite Ke*rar"gy*rite (?), n. See Cerargyrite. Kerasin Ker"a*sin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance free from phosphorus, supposed to be present in the brain; a body closely related to cerebrin. Kerasine Ker"a*sine (?), a. [Gr. Resembling horn; horny; corneous. Keratin Ker"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, or mixture of substances, containing sulphur in a loose state of combination, and forming the chemical basis of epidermal tissues, such as horn, hair, feathers, and the like. It is an insoluble substance, and, unlike elastin, is not dissolved even by gastric or pancreatic juice. By decomposition with sulphuric acid it yields leucin and tyrosin, as does albumin. Called also epidermose.<-- a sulfur-containing fibrous proein. --> Keratitis Ker`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the cornea. Keratode Ker"a*tode (?), n. See Keratose. Keratogenous Ker`a*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. -genous.] Producing horn; as, the keratogenous membrane within the horny hoof of the horse. Keratoidea Ker`a*toi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Keratosa. Keratome Ker"a*tome (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) An instrument for dividing the cornea in operations for cataract. Keratonyxis Ker`a*to*nyx"is (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The operation of removing a cataract by thrusting a needle through the cornea of the eye, and breaking up the opaque mass. Keratophyte Ker"a*to*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A gorgonian coral having a horny axis. Keratosa Ker`a*to"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of sponges having a skeleton composed of hornlike fibers. It includes the commercial sponges. Keratose Ker"a*tose` (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A tough, horny animal substance entering into the composition of the skeleton of sponges, and other invertebrates; -- called also keratode. Keratose Ker"a*tose`, a. (Zo\'94l.) Containing hornlike fibers or fibers of keratose; belonging to the Keratosa. Keraunograph Ke*rau"no*graph (?), n. [Gr. graph.] A figure or picture impressed by lightning upon the human body or elsewhere. -- Ker`au-nog"ra-phy (#), n. Kerb Kerb (?), n. See Curb. Kerbstone Kerb"stone` (?), n. See Curbstone. Kercher Ker"cher (?), n. A kerchief. [Obs.] He became . . . white as a kercher. Sir T. North. Kerchered Ker"chered (?), a. Covered, or bound round, with a kercher. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. Kerchief Ker"chief (?), n.; pl. Kerchiefs (#). [OE. coverchef, OF. cuevrechief, couvrechef, F. couvrechef, a head covering, fr. couvrir to cover + OF. chief head, F. chef. See Cover, Chief, and cf. Curfew.] 1. A square of fine linen worn by women as a covering for the head; hence, anything similar in form or material, worn for ornament on other parts of the person; -- mostly used in compounds; as, neckerchief; breastkerchief; and later, handkerchief. He might put on a hat, a muffler, and a kerchief, and so escape. Shak. Her black hair strained away To a scarlet kerchief caught beneath her chin. Mrs. Browning. 2. A lady who wears a kerchief. Dryden. Kerchiefed, Kerchieft Ker"chiefed, Ker"chieft (?), a. Dressed; hooded; covered; wearing a kerchief. Milton. Kerf Kerf (?), n. [AS. cyrf a cutting off, fr. ceorfan to cut, carve. See Carve.] A notch, channel, or slit made in any material by cutting or sawing. Kerite Ke"rite (?), n. [Gr. A compound in which tar or asphaltum combined with animal or vegetable oils is vulcanized by sulphur, the product closely resembling rubber; -- used principally as an insulating material in telegraphy. Knight. Kerl Kerl (?), n. See Carl. Kermes Ker"mes (?), n. [Ar. & Per. girmiz. See Crimson, and cf. Alkermes.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The dried bodies of the females of a scale insect (Coccus ilicis), allied to the cochineal insect, and found on several species of oak near the Mediterranean. They are round, about the size of a pea, contain coloring matter analogous to carmine, and are used in dyeing. They were anciently thought to be of a vegetable nature, and were used in medicine. [Written also chermes.] 2. (Bot.) A small European evergreen oak (Quercus coccifera) on which the kermes insect (Coccus ilicis) feeds. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). Kermes mineral. (a) (Old Chem.) An artificial amorphous trisulphide of antimony; -- so called on account of its red color. (b) (Med. Chem.) A compound of the trioxide and trisulphide of antimony, used in medicine. This substance occurs in nature as the mineral kermesite. Kermesse Ker"messe (?), n. [F.] See Kirmess. Kern Kern (?), n. [Ir.ceatharnach.Cf. Cateran. ] 1. A light-armed foot soldier of the ancient militia of Ireland and Scotland; -- distinguished from gallowglass, and often used as a term of contempt. Macaulay. Now for our Irish wars; We must supplant those rough, rug-headed kerns. Shak. 2. Any kind of boor or low-lived person. [Obs.] Blount. 3. (O. Eng. Law) An idler; a vagabond. Wharton. Kern Kern, n. (Type Founding) A part of the face of a type which projects beyond the body, or shank. Kern Kern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kerned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kerning. ] (Type Founding) To form with a kern. See 2d Kern. Kern Kern, n. [See Churn. ] A churn. [Prov. Eng.] Kern Kern, n. [AS. cweorn, cwyrn. See Quern. ] A hand mill. See Quern. Johnson. Kern Kern, v. i. [Cf. G. kern kernel, grain; akin to E. corn. See Corn, Kernel. ] 1. To harden, as corn in ripening. [Obs.] Carew. 2. To take the form of kernels; to granulate. [Obs.] It is observed that rain makes the salt kern. Dampier. Kerned Kerned (?), a. (Print.) Having part of the face projecting beyond the body or shank; -- said of type. "In Roman, f and j are the only kerned letters." MacKellar. Kernel Ker"nel (?), n. [OE. kernel, kirnel, curnel, AS.cyrnel, fr. corn grain. See Corn, and cf. Kern to harden.] 1. The essential part of a seed; all that is within the seed walls; the edible substance contained in the shell of a nut; hence, anything included in a shell, husk, or integument; as, the kernel of a nut. See Illust. of Endocarp. ' A were as good crack a fusty nut with no kernel Shak. 2. A single seed or grain; as, a kernel of corn. 3. A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh. 4. The central, substantial or essential part of anything; the gist; the core; as, the kernel of an argument. Kernel Ker"nel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kerneled (?) OR Kernelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Kerneling OR Kernelling.] To harden or ripen into kernels; to produce kernels. Kerneled, Kernelled Ker"neled, Ker"nelled (?), a. Having a kernel. Kernelly Ker"nel*ly (?), a. Full of kernels; resembling kernels; of the nature of kernels. Holland. Kerish Ker"ish (?), a. [From Kern a boor.] Clownish; booorish. [Obs.] "A petty kernish prince." Milton. Kerolite Ker"o*lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Cerolite. Kerosene Ker"o*sene` (?), n. [Gr. An oil used for illuminating purposes, formerly obtained from the distillation of mineral wax, bituminous shale, etc., and hence called also coal oil. It is now produced in immense quantities, chiefly by the distillation and purification of petroleum. It consists chiefly of several hydrocarbons of the methane series. Kers, Kerse Kers, Kerse (?), n. A cress. [Obs.] Chaucer. Not worth a kers. See under Cress. Kersey Ker"sey (?), n.; pl. Kerseys (#). [Prob. from the town of Kersey in Suffolk, Eng.] A kind of coarse, woolen cloth, usually ribbed, woven from wool of long staple. Kerseymere Ker"sey*mere (?), n. [For cassimere, confounded with kersey.] See Cassimere. Kerseynette Ker`sey*nette" (?), n. See Cassinette. Kerve Kerve (?), v. t. To carve. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kerver Kerv"er (?), n. A carver. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kesar Ke"sar (?), n. See Kaiser [Obs.] Spenser. Keslop Kes"lop (?), n. [AS.c, or c, milk curdled; cf. G. k\'84selab, k\'84selippe. See Cheese, and cf.Cheeselep.] The stomach of a calf, prepared for rennet. Halliwell. Kess Kess (?), v. t. To kiss. [Obs.] Chaucer Kest Kest (?), imp. of Cast. [Obs.] Kestrel Kes"trel (?), n. [See Castrel.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, slender European hawk (Falco alaudarius), allied to the sparrow hawk. Its color is reddish fawn, streaked and spotted with white and black. Also called windhover and stannel. The name is also applied to other allied species. NOTE: &hand; This word is often used in contempt, as of a mean kind of hawk. "Kites and kestrels have a resemblance with hawks." Bacon. Ket Ket (?), n. [Icel. kj\'94t flesh; akin to Sw. k\'94tt, Dan. kj\'94d.] Carrion; any filth. [Prob. Eng.] Halliwell. Ketch Ketch (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. Turk. q\'beiq : cf. F. caiche. Cf. Ca\'8bque.] (Naut.) An almost obsolete form of vessel, with a mainmast and a mizzenmast, -- usually from one hundred to two hundred and fifty tons burden. Bomb ketch. See under Bomb. Ketch Ketch, n. A hangman. See Jack Ketch. Ketch Ketch, v. t. [See Catch.] To catch. [Now obs. in spelling, and colloq. in pronunciation.] To ketch him at a vantage in his snares. Spenser. Ketchup Ketch"up (?), n. A sauce. See Catchup. Ketine Ke"tine (?), n. [See Ketone.] (Chem.) One of a series of organic bases obtained by the reduction of certain isonitroso compounds of the ketones. In general they are unstable oily substances having a pungent aromatic odor. Ketmie Ket`mie" (?), n. (Bot.) The name of certain African species of Hibiscus, cultivated for the acid of their mucilage. [Written also ketmia.] Ketol Ke"tol (?), n. [Ketone + indol.] (Chem.) One of a series of series of complex nitrogenous substances, represented by methyl ketol and related to indol. Methyl ketol, a weak organic base, obtained as a white crystalline substance having the odor of f\'91ces. Ketone Ke"tone (?), n. [Cf. Acetone.] (Chem.) One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl (CO) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor. NOTE: &hand; Th e ketones are named by adding the suffix-one to the stems of the organic acids from which they are respectively derived; thus, acetic acid gives acetone; butyric acid, butyrone, etc. Ketonic Ke*ton"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, a ketone; as, a ketonic acid. Kettle Ket"tle (?), n. [OE. ketel; cf. AS. cetel, cetil, cytel; akin to D. kjedel, G. kessel, OHG. chezzil, Icel. ketill, SW. kittel, Dan. kjedel, Goth. katils; all perh. fr. L. catillus, dim. of catinus a deep vessel, bowl; but cf. also OHG. chezz\'c6 kettle, Icel. kati small ship.] A metallic vessel, with a wide mouth, often without a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liguids. Kettle pins, ninepins; skittles. [Obs.] Shelton. -- Kettle stitch (Bookbinding), the stitch made in sewing at the head and tail of a book. Knight. Kettledrum Ket"tle*drum` (?), n. 1. (Mus.) A drum made of thin copper in the form of a hemispherical kettle, with parchment stretched over the mouth of it. NOTE: &hand; Ke ttledrums, in pairs, were formerly used in martial music for cavalry, but are now chiefly confined to orchestras, where they are called tympani. 2. An informal social party at which a light collation is offered, held in the afternoon or early evening. Cf. Drum, n., 4 and 5. Kettledrummer Ket"tle*drum`mer (?), n. One who plays on a kettledrum. Keuper Keu"per (?), n. [G.] (Geol.) The upper division of the European Triassic. See Chart of Geology. Kevel Kev"el (?), n. [Prov. E. kevil, cavel, rod, pole, a large hammer, horse's bit; cf. Icel. kefli cylinder, a stick, mangle, and Dan. kievle a roller.] 1. (Naut.) A strong cleat to which large ropes are belayed. 2. A stone mason's hammer. [Written also cavil.] Kevel head (Naut.), a projecting end of a timber, used as a kevel. Kevel, Kevin Kev"el, Kev"in (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gazelle. Kever Kev"er (?), v. t. & i. To cover. [Obs.] Chaucer. Keverchief Kev"er*chief (?), n. A kerchief. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kex Kex (?), n. [W. cecys, pl., hollow stalks.] 1. (Bot.) A weed; a kecksy. Bp. Gauden. Though the rough kex break The starred mosaic. Tennyson. 2. A dry husk or covering. When the kex, or husk, is broken, he proveth a fair flying butterfly. Holland. Key Key (?), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place. 2. An instrument which is turned like a key in fastening or adjusting any mechanism; as, a watch key; a bed key, etc. 3. That part of an instrument or machine which serves as the means of operating it; as, a telegraph key; the keys of a pianoforte, or of a typewriter. 4. A position or condition which affords entrance, control, pr possession, etc.; as, the key of a line of defense; the key of a country; the key of a political situation. Hence, that which serves to unlock, open, discover, or solve something unknown or difficult; as, the key to a riddle; the key to a problem. Those who are accustomed to reason have got the true key of books. Locke. Who keeps the keys of all the creeds. Tennyson. 5. That part of a mechanism which serves to lock up, make fast, or adjust to position. 6. (Arch.) (a) A piece of wood used as a wedge. (b) The last board of a floor when laid down. 7. (Masonry) (a) A keystone. (b) That part of the plastering which is forced through between the laths and holds the rest in place. 8. (Mach.) (a) A wedge to unite two or more pieces, or adjust their relative position; a cotter; a forelock. See Illusts. of Cotter, and Gib. (b) A bar, pin or wedge, to secure a crank, pulley, coupling, etc., upon a shaft, and prevent relative turning; sometimes holding by friction alone, but more frequently by its resistance to shearing, being usually embedded partly in the shaft and partly in the crank, pulley, etc. 9. (Bot.) An indehiscent, one-seeded fruit furnished with a wing, as the fruit of the ash and maple; a samara; -- called also key fruit. 10. (Mus.) (a) A family of tones whose regular members are called diatonic tones, and named key tone (or tonic) or one (or eight), mediant or three, dominant or five, subdominant or four, submediant or six, supertonic or two, and subtonic or seven. Chromatic tones are temporary members of a key, under such names as " sharp four," "flat seven," etc. Scales and tunes of every variety are made from the tones of a key. (b) The fundamental tone of a movement to which its modulations are referred, and with which it generally begins and ends; keynote. Both warbling of one song, both in one key. Shak. 11. Fig: The general pitch or tone of a sentence or utterance. You fall at once into a lower key. Cowper. Key bed. Same as Key seat. -- Key bolt, a bolt which has a mortise near the end, and is secured by a cotter or wedge instead of a nut. Key bugle. See Kent bugle. -- Key of a position OR country. (Mil.) See Key, 4. -- Key seat (Mach.), a bed or groove to receive a key which prevents one part from turning on the other. -- Key way, a channel for a key, in the hole of a piece which is keyed to a shaft; an internal key seat; -- called also key seat. -- Key wrench (Mach.), an adjustable wrench in which the movable jaw is made fast by a key. -- Power of the keys (Eccl.), the authority claimed by the ministry in some Christian churches to administer the discipline of the church, and to grant or withhold its privileges; -- so called from the declaration of Christ, "I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven." Matt. xvi. 19. Key Key (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Keying.] To fasten or secure firmly; to fasten or tighten with keys or wedges. Francis. To key up. (a) (Arch.) To raise (the whole ring of an arch) off its centering, by driving in the keystone forcibly. (b) (Mus.) To raise the pitch of. (c) Hence, fig., to produce nervous tension in. Keyage Key"age (?), n. [OF.caiage, F. guayage. See lst Key, Quay.] Wharfage; quayage. Keyboard Key"board` (?), n. The whole arrangement, or one range, of the keys of an organ, typewriter, etc. Key-cold Key"-cold` (?), a. Cold as a metallic key; lifeless. [Formerly, a proverbial expression.] Shak. Milton. Keyed Keyed (k&emac;d), a. Furnished with keys; as, a keyed instrument; also, set to a key, as a tune. Keyed bugle. See Kent bugle. Keyhole Key"hole` (?), n. 1. A hole or apertupe in a door or lock, for receiving a key. 2. (a) (Carp.) A hole or excavation in beams intended to be joined together, to receive the key which fastens them. (b) (Mach.) a mortise for a key or cotter. Keyhole limpet (Zo\'94l.), a marine gastropod of the genus Fissurella and allied genera. See Fissurella. -- Keyhole saw, a narrow, slender saw, used in cutting keyholes, etc., as in doors; a kind of compass saw or fret saw. -- Keyhole urchin (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous clypeastroid sea urchins, of the genera Melitta, Rotula, and Encope; -- so called because they have one or more perforations resembling keyholes. Keynote Key"note` (?), n. 1. (Mus.) The tonic or first tone of the scale in which a piece or passage is written; the fundamental tone of the chord, to which all the modulations of the piece are referred; -- called also key tone. 2. The fundamental fact or idea; that which gives the key; as, the keynote of a policy or a sermon. Keyseat Key"seat` (?), v. t. To form a key seat, as by cutting. See Key seat, under Key. Keystone Key"stone` (?), n. (Arch.) The central or topmost stone of an arch. This in some styles is made different in size from the other voussoirs, or projects, or is decorated with carving. See Illust. of Arch. Keystone State, the State of Pennsylvania; -- so called from its having been the central State of the Union at the formation of the Constitution. Key tone Key" tone` (?). (Mus.) See Keynote. Keyway Key"way` (?), n. See Key way, under Key. Khaliff Kha"liff (?), n. See Caliph. Khamsin Kham*sin` (?), n. Same as Kamsin. Khan Khan (?), n. [Pers. & Tart. kh\'ben.] [Also kan, kaun.] A king; a prince; a chief; a governor; -- so called among the Tartars, Turks, and Persians, and in countries now or formerly governed by them. Khan Khan, n. [Per. kh\'ben, kh\'benah, house, tent, inn.] An Eastern inn or caravansary. [Written also kawn.] Khanate Khan*ate (, n. Dominion or jurisdiction of a khan. Khaya Kha"ya (?), n. (Bot.) A lofty West African tree (Khaya Senegalensis), related to the mahogany, which it resembles in the quality of the wood. The bark is used as a febrifuge. Khedive Khe`dive" (?), n. [F. kh\'82dive, Pers. khediw a prince.] A governor or viceroy; -- a title granted in 1867 by the sultan of Turkey to the ruler of Egypt. Khenna Khen"na (?), n. See Henna. Kholah Kho"lah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Indian jackal. Kholsun Khol"sun (, n. (Zo\'94l.) The dhole. Khutbah Khut"bah (?), n. [Ar.] An address or public prayer read from the steps of the pulpit in Mohammedan mosques, offering glory to God, praising Mohammed and his descendants, and the ruling princes. Kiabooca wood Ki`a*boo"ca wood` (?). See Kyaboca wood. Kiang Ki*ang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dziggetai. Kibble Kib"ble (?), v. t. To bruise; to grind coarsely; as, kibbled oats. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. Kibble Kib"ble, n. A large iron bucket used in Cornwall and Wales for raising ore out of mines. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also kibbal.] Kibblings Kib"blings (?), n. pl. Portions of small fish used for bait on the banks of Newfoundland. Kibe Kibe (?), n. [W. cib + gwst pain, sickness.] A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold; an ulcerated chilblain. "He galls his kibe." Shak. Kibed Kibed (?), a. Chapped; cracked with cold; affected with chilblains; as kibed heels. Beau. & Fl. Kibitka Ki*bit"ka (?), n.; pl. Kibitkas (. [Russ.] 1. A tent used by the Kirghiz Tartars. 2. A rude kind of Russian vehicle, on wheels or on runners, sometimes covered with cloth or leather, and often used as a movable habitation. Kiblah Kib"lah (, n. See Keblah. Kiby Kib"y (?), a. Affected with kibes. Skelton. Kichil Kich"il (?),. [Obs.] See Kechil. Chaucer. Kick Kick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kicred (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Kicking.] [W. cicio, fr. cic foot.] To strike, thrust, or hit violently with the foot; as, a horse kicks a groom; a man kicks a dog. He [Frederick the Great] kicked the shins of his judges. Macaulay. To kick the beam, to fit up and strike the beam; -- said of the lighter arm of a loaded balance; hence, to be found wanting in weight. Milton. -- To kick the bucket, to lose one's life; to die. [Colloq. & Low] Kick Kick, v. i. 1. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence; to strike out with the foot or feet, as in defense or in bad temper; esp., to strike backward, as a horse does, or to have a habit of doing so. Hence, figuratively: To show ugly resistance, opposition, or hostility; to spurn. I should kick, being kicked. Shak. 2. To recoil; -- said of a musket, cannon, etc.<-- also kicj back --> Kick Kick, n. 1. A blow with the foot or feet; a striking or thrust with the foot. A kick, that scarce would more a horse, May kill a sound divine. Cowper. 2. The projection on the tang of the blade of a pocket knife, which prevents the edge of the blade from striking the spring. See Illust. of Pocketknife. 3. (Brickmaking) A projection in a mold, to form a depression in the surface of the brick. 4. The recoil of a musket or other firearm, when discharged. Kickable Kick"a*ble (?), a. Capable or deserving of being kicked. "A kickable boy." G. Eliot. Kickapoos Kick`a*poos" (?), n. pl.; sing. Kickapoo (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region of Northern Illinois, allied in language to the Sacs and Foxes. <-- kickback. n. recoil, of a gun or machine, as in older automobile engines when started by turning a crank. 2. a secret, and usually illegal, payment, by a recipient of money paid for goods or services, to a facilitator of the transaction, of a portion of that money. --> Kicker Kick"er, n. One who, or that which, kicks. Kickshaw Kick"shaw` (?), n. See Kickshaws, the correct singular. Kickshaws Kick"shaws` (?), n.; pl. Kickshawses (#) [Corrupt. fr. F. guelgue chose something, fr. L. gualis of what kind (akin to E. which) + suffix -guam + causa cause, in LL., a thing. See Which, and Cause.] 1. Something fantastical; any trifling, trumpery thing; a toy. Art thou good at these kickshawses! Shak. 2. A fancy dish; a titbit; a delicacy. Some pigeons, . . . a joint of mutton, and any pretty little tiny kickshaws. Shak. Cressy was lost by kickshaws and soup-maigre. Fenton. Kickshoe Kick"shoe` (?), n. A kickshaws. Milton. Kicksy-wicksy, Kicky-wisky Kick"sy-wick`sy (?), Kick"y-wisk`y (?), n. That which is restless and uneasy. NOTE: &hand; Ki cky-wicky, or , in some editions, Kicksy-wicksy, is applied contemptuously to a wife by Shakespeare, in "All's Well that Ends Well," ii. 3, 297. Kicksy-wicksy Kick"sy-wick`sy, a. Fantastic; restless; as, kicksy-wicksy flames. Nares. Kickup Kick"up (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The water thrush or accentor. [Local, West Indies] Kid Kid (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. ki, Dan. & Sw. kid; akin to OHG. kizzi, G. kitz, kitzchen, kitzlein.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A young goat. The . . . leopard shall lie down with the kid. Is. xi. 6 . 2. A young child or infant; hence, a simple person, easily imposed on. [Slang] Charles Reade. 3. A kind of leather made of the skin of the young goat, or of the skin of rats, etc. 4. pl. Gloves made of kid. [Colloq. & Low] 5. A small wooden mess tub; -- a name given by sailors to one in which they receive their food. Cooper. Kid Kid, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kidded; p. pr. & vb. n. Kidding.] To bring forth a young goat. Kid Kid, n. [Cf. W. cidysen.] A fagot; a bundle of heath and furze. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Kid Kid, p. p. of Kythe. [Obs.] Gower. Chaucer. Kid Kid, v. t. See Kiddy, v. t. [Slang] Kidde Kid"de (?), imp. of Kythe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kidderminster Kid"der*min`ster (?), n. A kind of ingrain carpeting, named from the English town where formerly most of it was manufactured. Kiddier Kid"di*er (?), n. [Cf. OSw. kyta to truck.] A huckster; a cadger. [Obs.] Halliwell. Kiddle Kid"dle (?), n. [Cf. LL.kidellus, Armor. ki\'beel] A kind of basketwork wear in a river, for catching fish. [Improperly spelled kittle.] Kiddow Kid"dow (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The guillemot. [Written also kiddaw.] [Prov. Eng.] Kiddy Kid"dy (?), v. t. To deceive; to outwit; to hoax. [Slang] Dickens. Kiddy Kid"dy, n. A young fellow; formerly, a low thief. [Slang, Eng.] Kiddyish Kid"dy*ish, a. Frolicsome; sportive. [Slang] Kidfox Kid"fox` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A young fox Shak. Kidling Kid"ling (?), n. [Kid +-ling: cf. Sw. kidling.] A young kid. Kidnap Kid"nap` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kidnaped (?) or Kidnapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Kidnaping or Kidnapping.] [Kid a child + Prov. E. nap to seize, to grasp. Cf. Knab, Knap, Nab.] To take (any one) by force or fear, and against one's will, with intent to carry to another place. Abbott. You may reason or expostulate with the parents, but never attempt to kidnap their children, and to make proselytes of them. Whately. NOTE: &hand; Or iginally us ed on ly of stealing children, but now extended in application to any human being, involuntarily abducted. Kidnaper, OR Kidnapper Kid"nap`er (?), OR Kid"nap`per, n. One who steals or forcibly carries away a human being; a manstealer. Kidney Kid"ney (?), n.; pl. Kidneys (#). [OE. kidnei, kidnere, from Icel. koi belly, womb (akin to Goth. gipus, AS. cwip womb) + OE. nere kidney; akin to D. nier, G. niere, OHG. nioro, Icel. n, Dan. nyre, Sw. njure, and probably to Gr. (Kite belly.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 813 1. (Anat.) A glandular organ which excretes urea and other waste products from the animal body; a urinary gland. NOTE: &hand; In man and in other mammals there are two kidneys, one each side of vertebral column in the back part of the abdomen, each kidney being connected with the bladder by a long tube, the ureter, through which the urine is constantly excreted into the bladder to be periodically discharged. 2. Habit; disposition; sort; kind. Shak. There are in later other decrees, made by popes of another kidney. Barrow. Millions in the world of this man's kidney. L'Estrange. Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence. Burns. NOTE: &hand; Th is use of the word perhaps arose from the fact that the kidneys and the fat about them are an easy test of the condition of an animal as to fatness. "Think of that, -- a man of my kidney; -- . . . as subject to heat as butter." Shak. 3. A waiter. [Old Cant] Tatler. Floating kidney. See Wandering kidney, under Wandering. -- Kidney bean (Bot.), a sort of bean; -- so named from its shape. It is of the genus Phaseolus (P. vulgaris). See under Bean. -- Kidney ore (Min.), a variety of hematite or iron sesquioxide, occurring in compact kidney-shaped masses. -- Kidney stone. (Min.) See Nephrite, and Jade. -- Kidney vetch (Bot.), a leguminous herb of Europe and Asia (Anthyllis vulneraria), with cloverlike heads of red or yellow flowers, once used as a remedy for renal disorders, and also to stop the flow of blood from wounds; lady's-fingers. Kidney-form, Kidney-shaped Kid"ney-form` (?), Kid"ney-shaped` (?), a. Having the form or shape of a kidney; reniform; as, a kidney-shaped leaf. Gray. Kidneywort Kid"ney*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A kind of saxifrage (Saxifrage stellaris). (b) The navelwort. Kie Kie (?), n. pl. [Cf. Kee.] Kine; cows. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Kiefekil Kie"fe*kil (?), n. [Per. keff foam, scum + gil clay, mud.] (Min.) A species of clay; meerschaum. [Also written keffekil.] Kier Kier (?), n. [Icel. ker a tub.] (Bleaching) A large tub or vat in which goods are subjected to the action of hot lye or bleaching liquor; -- also called keeve. Kieselguhr Kie"sel*guhr` (?), n. [G., fr. kiesel flint + guhr an earthy deposit or sediment in water.] Siliceous earth; specifically, porous infusorial earth, used as an absorbent of nitroglycerin in the manufacture of dynamite. Kieserite Kie"ser*ite (?). n. [Named after Prof. Kieser, of Jena.] (Min.) Hydrous sulphate of magnesia found at the salt mines of Stassfurt, Prussian Saxony. Kieve Kieve (?), n. See Keeve, n. Kike Kike (?), v. i. [Cf. D. kijken, Sw. kika.] To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kike Kike (?), v. t. & i. To kick [Obs.] Chaucer. <-- kike n. derogatory name for a jew. --> Kilderkin Kil"der*kin (?), n. [OD. kindeken, kinneken, a small barrel, orig., a little child, fr. kind child; akin to G.kind, and to E. kin.] A small barrel; an old liquid measure containing eighteen English beer gallons, or nearly twenty-two gallons, United States measure. [Written also kinderkin.] Kill Kill (?), n. A kiln. [Obs.] Fuller. Kill Kill, n. [D. kil.] A channel or arm of the sea; a river; a stream; as, the channel between Staten Island and Bergen Neck is the Kill van Kull, or the Kills; -- used also in composition; as, Schuylkill, Catskill, etc. Kill Kill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Killed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Killing.] [OE. killen, kellen, cullen, to kill, strike; perh. the same word as cwellen, quellen, to kill (cf. Quell), or perh. rather akin to Icel. kolla to hit in the head, harm, kollr top, summit, head, Sw. kulle, D. kollen to kill with the ax.] 1. To deprive of life, animal or vegetable, in any manner or by any means; to render inanimate; to put to death; to slay. Ah, kill me with thy weapon, not with words ! Shak. 2. To destroy; to ruin; as, to kill one's chances; to kill the sale of a book. "To kill thine honor." Shak. Her lively color kill'd with deadly cares. Shak. 3. To cause to cease; to quell; to calm; to still; as, in seamen's language, a shower of rain kills the wind. Be comforted, good madam; the great rage, You see, is killed in him. Shak. 4. To destroy the effect of; to counteract; to neutralize; as, alkali kills acid. To kill time, to busy one's self with something which occupies the attention, or makes the time pass without tediousness. Syn. -- To murder; assassinate; slay; butcher; destroy. -- To Kill, Murder, Assassinate. To kill does not necessarily mean any more than to deprive of life. A man may kill another by accident or in self-defense, without the imputation of guilt. To murder is to kill with malicious forethought and intention. To assassinate is tomurder suddenly and by stealth. The sheriff may kill without murdering; the duelist murders, but does not assassinate his antagonist; the assassin kills and murders. Killdee, Killdeer Kill"dee` (?), Kill"deer` (?), n. [So named from its notes.] (Zo\'94l.) A small American plover (\'92gialitis vocifera). NOTE: &hand; It is da rk gr ayish brown above; the rump and upper tail coverts are yellowish rufous; the belly, throat, and a line over the eyes, white; a ring round the neck and band across the breast, black. Killer Kill"er (?), n. 1. One who deprives of life; one who, or that which, kills. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A voracious, toothed whale of the genus Orca, of which several species are known. NOTE: &hand; Th e killers have a high dorsal fin, and powerful jaws armed with large, sharp teeth. They capture, and swallow entire, large numbers of seals, porpoises, and dolphins, and are celebrated for their savage, combined attacks upon the right whales, which they are said to mutilate and kill. The common Atlantic species (Orca gladiator), is found both on the European and the American coast. Two species (Orca ater and O. rectipinna) occur on the Pacific coast. Killesse Kil*lesse" (?), n. [Cf. Coulisse.] (Arch.) (a) A gutter, groove, or channel. (b) A hipped roof. [Prov. Eng.] Parker. Killifish Kil"li*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus Fundulus and allied genera. They live equally well in fresh and brackish water, or even in the sea. They are usually striped or barred with black. Called also minnow, and brook fish. See Minnow. Killigrew Kil"li*grew (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Cornish chough. See under Chough. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Killikinick Kil`li*ki*nick" (?), n. See Kinnikinic. Killing Kill"ing (?), a. Literally, that kills; having power to kill; fatal; in a colloquial sense, conquering; captivating; irresistible. -- Kill"ing*ly, adv. Those eyes are made so killing. Pope. Nothing could be more killingly spoken. Milton. Kill-joy Kill"-joy` (?), n. One who causes gloom or grief; a dispiriting person. W. Black. Killock Kil"lock (?), n. [Cf. Scot.killick "the flue [fluke] of an anchor." Jamieson.] A small anchor; also, a kind of anchor formed by a stone inclosed by pieces of wood fastened together. [Written also killick.] Killow Kil"low (?), n. [Prov. E. kollow the smut or grime on the backs of chimneys.] An earth of a blackish or deep blue color. Woodward. Kiln Kiln (?), n. [OE.kilne, kulne, AS. cyln, cylen; akin to Icel. kylna; prob. from the same source as coal. See Coal.] 1. A large stove or oven; a furnace of brick or stone, or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, or drying anything; as, a kiln for baking or hardening earthen vessels; a kiln for drying grain, meal, lumber, etc.; a kiln for calcining limestone. 2. A furnace for burning bricks; a brickkiln. Kiln-dry Kiln"-dry` (?), v. t. To dry in a kiln; as, to kiln-dry meal or grain. Mortimer. Kilnhole Kiln"hole` (?), n. The mouth or opening of an oven or kiln. Shak. Kilo Ki"lo (?), n.; pl. Kilos (#). [F.] An abbreviation of Kilogram. Kilogram, Kilogramme Kil"o*gram (?), Kil"o*gramme, n. [F. kilogramme; pref. kilo- (fr. Gr. chi`lioi a thousand ) + gramme. See 3d Gram.] A measure of weight, being a thousand grams, equal to 2.2046 pounds avoirdupois (15,432.34 grains). It is equal to the weight of a cubic decimeter of distilled water at the temperature of maximum density, or 39° Fahrenheit. Kilogrammeter, Kilogrammetre Kil"o*gram*me`ter (?), Kil"o*gram*me`tre, n. (Mech.) A measure of energy or work done, being the amount expended in raising one kilogram through the height of one meter, in the latitude of Paris. Kiloliter, Kilolitre Kil"o*li`ter (?), Kil"o*li`tre, n. [F. kilolitre. See Kilogram, and Liter.] A measure of capacity equal to a cubic meter, or a thousand liters. It is equivalent to 35.315 cubic feet, and to 220.04 imperial gallons, or 264.18 American gallons of 321 cubic inches. Kilometer, Kilometre Kil"o*me`ter (?), Kil"o*me`tre, n. [F. kilometre. See Kilogram, and Meter.] A measure of length, being a thousand meters. It is equal to 3,280.8 feet, or 62137 of a mile. Kilostere Kil"o*stere` (?), n. [F.kilostere. See Kilogram, and Stere.] A cubic measure containing 1000 cubic meters, and equivalent to 35,315 cubic feet. Kilowatt Kil"o*watt (?), n. [See Kilogram and Watt.] (Elec.) One thousand watts. Kilt Kilt (, p. p. from Kill. [Obs.] Spenser. Kilt Kilt, n. [OGael. cealt clothes, or rather perh. fr. Dan. kilte op to truss, tie up, tuck up.] A kind of short petticoat, reaching from the waist to the knees, worn in the Highlands of Scotland by men, and in the Lowlands by young boys; a filibeg. [Written also kelt.] Kilt Kilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Kilting.] To tuck up; to truss up, as the clothes. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Kilted Kilt"ed, a. 1. Having on a kilt. 2. Plaited after the manner of kilting. 3. Tucked or fastened up; -- said of petticoats, etc. Kilter Kil"ter (?), n. See Kelter. Kilting Kilt"ing (?), n. (Dressmaking) A perpendicular arrangement of flat, single plaits, each plait being folded so as to cover half the breadth of the preceding one. Kimbo Kim"bo (?), a. [Cf. Akimbo.] Crooked; arched; bent. [Written also kimbow.] Dryden. Kimmerian Kim*me"ri*an (?), a. See Cimmerian. Kimnel Kim"nel (?), n. A tub. See Kemelin. [Obs.] She knew not what a kimnel was Beau. & Fl. Kimry Kim"ry (?), n. See Cymry. kin kin (. [Of Low German origin; cf. G. -chen, LG. -- ken.] A diminutive suffix; as, manikin; lambkin. Kin Kin (?), n. (Mus.) A primitive Chinese instrument of the cittern kind, with from five to twenty-five silken strings. Riemann. Kin Kin, n. [OE. kin, cun, AS. cynn kin, kind, race, people; akin to cennan to beget, D. kunne sex, OS. & OHG. kunni kin, race, Icel. kyn, Goth. kuni, G. & D. kind a child, L. genus kind, race, L. gignere to beget, Gr. jan to beget. Kind, King, Gender kind, Nation.] 1. Relationship, consanguinity, or affinity; connection by birth or marriage; kindred; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent. 2. Relatives; persons of the same family or race. The father, mother, and the kinbeside. Dryden. You are of kin, and so a friend to their persons. Bacon. Kin Kin, a. Of the same nature or kind; kinder. "Kin to the king." Shak. Kin\'91sodic Kin`\'91*sod"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Kinesodic. Kin\'91sthesis Kin`\'91s*the"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) The perception attendant upon the movements of the muscles. Bastian. Kinate Ki"nate (?), n. [Cf. F. kinate. ] (Chem.) See Quinate. [Obsolescent] Kincob Kin"cob (?), n. India silk brocaded with flowers in silver or gold. -- a. Of the nature of kincob; brocaded. Thackeray. Kind Kind (?), a. [Compar. Kinder (?); superl. Kindest.] [AS. cynde, gecynde, natural, innate, prop. an old p. p. from the root of E. kin. See Kin kindred.] 1. Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native. [Obs.] Chaucer. It becometh sweeter than it should be, and loseth the kind taste. Holland. 2. Having feelings befitting our common nature; congenial; sympathetic; as, a kind man; a kind heart. Yet was he kind, or if severe in aught, The love he bore to learning was his fault. Goldsmith. 3. Showing tenderness or goodness; disposed to do good and confer happiness; averse to hurting or paining; benevolent; benignant; gracious. He is kind unto the unthankful and to evil. Luke vi 35. O cruel Death, to those you take more kind Than to the wretched mortals left behind. Waller. A fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind. Garrick. 4. Proceeding from, or characterized by, goodness, gentleness, or benevolence; as, a kind act. "Manners so kind, yet stately." Tennyson. 5. Gentle; tractable; easily governed; as, a horse kind in harness. Syn. -- Benevolent; benign; beneficent; bounteous; gracious; propitious; generous; forbearing; indulgent; tender; humane; compassionate; good; lenient; clement; mild; gentle; bland; obliging; friendly; amicable. See Obliging. Kind Kind, n. [OE. kinde, cunde, AS. cynd. See Kind, a.] 1. Nature; natural instinct or disposition. [Obs.] He knew by kind and by no other lore. Chaucer. Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, Are led by kind t'admire your fellow-creature. Dryden. 2. Race; genus; species; generic class; as, in mankind or humankind. "Come of so low a kind." Chaucer. Every kind of beasts, and of birds. James iii.7. She follows the law of her kind. Wordsworth. Here to sow the seed of bread, That man and all the kinds be fed. Emerson. 3. Nature; style; character; sort; fashion; manner; variety; description; class; as, there are several kinds of eloquence, of style, and of music; many kinds of government; various kinds of soil, etc. How diversely Love doth his pageants play, And snows his power in variable kinds ! Spenser. There is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds. I Cor. xv. 39. Diogenes was asked in a kind of scorn: What was the matter that philosophers haunted rich men, and not rich men philosophers ? Bacon. A kind of, something belonging to the class of; something like to; -- said loosely or slightingly. In kind, in the produce or designated commodity itself, as distinguished from its value in money. Tax on tillage was often levied in kind upon corn. Arbuthnot. Syn. -- Sort; species; class; genus; nature; style; character; breed; set. Kind Kind, v. t. [See Kin.] To beget. [Obs.] Spenser. Kindergarten Kin"der*gar`ten (?), n. [G., lit., children's garden; kinder (pl. of kind child, akin to E. kin kindred) + garten garden.] A school for young children, conducted on the theory that education should be begun by gratifying and cultivating the normal aptitude for exercise, play, observation, imitation, and construction; -- a name given by Friedrich Froebel, a German educator, who introduced this method of training, in rooms opening on a garden. Kindergartner Kin"der*gart`ner (?), n. One who teaches in a kindergarten. Kind-hearted Kind"-heart`ed (?), a. Having kindness of nature; sympathetic; characterized by a humane disposition; as, a kind-hearted landlord. To thy self at least kind-hearted prove. Shak. Kind-heartedness Kind"-heart`ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being kind-hearted; benevolence. Kindle Kin"dle (?), v. t. & i. [OE. kindlen, cundlen. See Kind.] To bring forth young. [Obs.] Shak. The poor beast had but lately kindled. Holland. Kindle Kin`dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kindled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kindling (?).] [Icel. kyndill candle, torch; prob. fr. L. candela; cf. also Icel. kynda to kindle. Cf. Candle.] 1. To set on fire; to cause to burn with flame; to ignite; to cause to begin burning; to start; to light; as, to kindle a match, or shavings. His breath kindleth coals. Job xii. 21. 2. Fig.: To inflame, as the passions; to rouse; to provoke; to excite to action; to heat; to fire; to animate; to incite; as, to kindle anger or wrath; to kindle the flame of love, or love into a flame. So is a contentious man to kindle strife. Prov. xxvi. 21. Nothing remains but that I kindle the boy thither. Shak. Kindling her undazzled eyes at the full midday beam. Milton. Could swell the soul to rage, or kindle soft desire. Dryden. Syn. -- Enkindle; light; ignite; inflame; provoke; excite; arouse; stir up. Kindle Kin"dle (?), v. i. 1. To take fire; to begin to burn with flame; to start as a flame. When thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee. Is. xliii. 2. 2. Fig.: To begin to be excited; to grow warm or animated; to be roused or exasperated. On all occasions where forbearance might be called for, the Briton kindles, and the Christian gives way. I. Taylor. Kindler Kin"dler (?), n. One who, or that which, kindles, stirs up, or sets on fire."Kindlers of riot." Gay. Kindless Kind"less (?), a Destitute of kindness; unnatural.[Obs.] "Kindless villain." Shak. Kindliness Kind"li*ness (?), n. 1. Natural inclination; natural course. [Obs.] Milton. 2. The quality or state of being kindly; benignity; benevolence; gentleness; tenderness; as, kindliness of disposition, of treatment, or of words. In kind a father, but not in kindliness. Sackville. 3. Softness; mildness; propitiousness; as, kindliness of weather, or of a season. Fruits and corn are much advanced by temper of the air and kindliness of seasons. Whitlock. Kinding Kin"ding (?), n. 1. The of causing to burn, or of exciting or inflaming the passions. 2. pl. Materials, easily lighted, for starting a fire. Kindly Kind"ly (?), a. [Compar. Kindlier (?); superl. Kindliest.] [AS. cyndelic. See Kind, n. ] 1. According to the kind or nature; natural. [R.] The kindly fruits of the earth. Book of Com. Prayer. An herd of bulls whom kindly rage doth sting. Spenser. Whatsoever as the Son of God he may do, it is kindly for Him as the Son of Man to save the sons of men. L. Andrews. 2. Humane; congenial; sympathetic; hence, disposed to do good to; benevolent; gracious; kind; helpful; as, kindly affections, words, acts, etc. The shade by which my life was crossed, . . . Has made me kindly with my kind. Tennyson. 3. Favorable; mild; gentle; auspicious; beneficent. In soft silence shed the kindly shower. Pope. Should e'er a kindlier time ensue. Wordsworth. NOTE: &hand; "N othing et hical was connoted in kindly once: it was simply the adjective of kind. But it is God's ordinance that kind should be kindly, in our modern sense of the word as well; and thus the word has attained this meaning." Trench. Kindly Kind"ly, adv. 1. Naturally; fitly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Examine how kindly the Hebrew manners of speech mix and incorporate with the English language Addison. 2. In a kind manner; congenially; with good will; with a disposition to make others happy, or to oblige. Be kindly affectioned one to another, with brotherly love. Rom. xii. 10. Kindness Kind"ness (?), n. [From Kind. a.] 1. The state or quality of being kind, in any of its various senses; manifestation of kind feeling or disposition beneficence. I do fear thy nature; It is too full o' the milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way. Shak. Unremembered acts Of kindness and of love. Wordsworth. 2. A kind act; an act of good will; as, to do a great kindness. Syn. -- Good will; benignity; grace; tenderness; compassion; humanity; clemency; mildness; gentleness; goodness; generosity; beneficence; favor. Kindred Kin"dred (?), n. [OE. kinrede, kynrede, kunreden (with excrescent d), fr. AS. cunn kin, race + the termination to advise, G. rathen. Cf. Hatred.] 1. Relationship by birth or marriage; consanguinity; affinity; kin. Like her, of equal kindred to the throne. Dryden. 2. Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the former; relations; persons related to each other. I think there's no man is secure But the queen's kindred. Shak. Syn. -- Kin; kinsfolk; relatives; kinsmen; relations; relationship; affinity. Kindred Kin"dred, a. Related; congenial; of the like nature or properties; as, kindred souls; kindred skies; kindred propositions. True to the kindred points of heaven and home. Wordsworth. Kine Kine (?), n. pl. [For older kyen, formed like oxen, fr. AS. c, itself pl. of c cow. See Cow, and cf. Kee, Kie.] Cows. "A herd of fifty or sixty kine." Milton. Kinematic, Kinematical Kin`e*mat"ic (?), Kin`e*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to kinematics. Kinematic curves, curves produced by machinery, or a combination of motions, as distinguished from mathematical curves. Kinematics Kin`e*mat"ics (?), n. [Gr. ( (Physics) The science which treats of motions considered in themselves, or apart from their causes; the comparison and relation of motions. NOTE: &hand; Ki nematics fo rms pr operly an in troduction to mechanics, as involving the mathematical principles which are to be applied to its data of forces. Nichol. Kinepox Kine"pox` (?), n. (Med.) See Cowpox. Kin"e*scope (, n. See Kinetoscope. Kinesiatrics Kin`e*si*at"rics (?), n. [Gr. ( (Med.) A mode of treating disease by appropriate muscular movements; -- also termed kinesitherapy, kinesipathy, lingism, and the movement cure. Kinesipathy Kin`e*sip"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) See Kinesiatrics. Kinesitherapy Kin`e*si*ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) See Kinesiatrics. Kinesipathy Kin`e*sip"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) See Kinesiatrics. Kinesodic Kin`e*sod"ic (?), a. [Gr. kin\'82sodigue.] (Physiol.) Conveying motion; as; kinesodic substance; -- applied esp. to the spinal cord, because it is capable of conveying doth voluntary and reflex motor impulses, without itself being affected by motor impulses applied to it directly. Kinetic Ki*net"ic (?), q. [Gr. (Physics) Moving or causing motion; motory; active, as opposed to latent. Kinetic energy. See Energy, n. 4. Kinetics Ki*net"ics (?), n. (Physics) See Dynamics. Kinetogenesis Ki*ne`to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An instrument for producing curves by the combination of circular movements; -- called also kinescope. King King (, n. A Chinese musical instrument, consisting of resonant stones or metal plates, arranged according to their tones in a frame of wood, and struck with a hammer. King King, n.[AS. cyng, cyning; akin to OS. kining, D. koning, OHG. kining, G. k\'94nig, Icel. konungr, Sw. koning, OHG. kuning, Dan. konge; formed with a patronymic ending, and fr. the root of E. kin; cf. Icel. konr a man of noble birth. Kin.] 1. A chief ruler; a sovereign; one invested with supreme authority over a nation, country, or tribe, usually by hereditary succession; a monarch; a prince. "Ay, every inch a king." Shak. Kings will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from principle. Burke. There was a State without king or nobles. R. Choate. But yonder comes the powerful King of Day, Rejoicing in the east Thomson. 2. One who, or that which, holds a supreme position or rank; a chief among competitors; as, a railroad king; a money king; the king of the lobby; the king of beasts. 3. A playing card having the picture of a king; as, the king of diamonds. 4. The chief piece in the game of chess. 5. A crowned man in the game of draughts. 6. pl. The title of two historical books in the Old Testament. NOTE: &hand; Ki ng is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote pre\'89minence or superiority in some particular; as, kingbird; king crow; king vulture. Apostolic king.See Apostolic. -- King-at-arms, OR King-of-arms, the chief heraldic officer of a country. In England the king-at-arms was formerly of great authority. His business is to direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the jurisdiction of armory. There are three principal kings-at-arms, viz., Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy. The latter (literally north roy or north king) officiates north of the Trent. -- King auk (Zo\'94l.), the little auk or sea dove. -- King bird of paradise. (Zo\'94l.), See Bird of paradise. -- King card, in whist, the best unplayed card of each suit; thus, if the ace and king of a suit have been played, the queen is the king card of the suit. -- King Cole , a legendary king of Britain, who is said to have reigned in the third century. -- King conch (Zo\'94l.), a large and handsome univalve shell (Cassis cameo), found in the West Indies. It is used for making cameos. See Helmet shell, under Helmet. -- King Cotton, a popular personification of the great staple production of the southern United States. -- King crab. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The limulus or horseshoe crab. See Limulus. (b) The large European spider crab or thornback (Maia sguinado). -- King crow. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A black drongo shrike (Buchanga atra) of India; -- so called because, while breeding, they attack and drive away hawks, crows, and other large birds. (b) The Dicrurus macrocercus of India, a crested bird with a long, forked tail. Its color is black, with green and blue reflections. Called also devil bird. -- King duck (Zo\'94l.), a large and handsome eider duck (Somateria spectabilis), inhabiting the arctic regions of both continents. -- King eagle (Zo\'94l.), an eagle (Aquila heliaca) found in Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is about as large as the golden eagle. Some writers believe it to be the imperial eagle of Rome. -- King hake (Zo\'94l.), an American hake (Phycis regius), fond in deep water along the Atlantic coast. -- King monkey (Zo\'94l.), an African monkey(Colobus polycomus), inhabiting Sierra Leone. -- King mullet (Zo\'94l.), a West Indian red mullet (Upeneus maculatus); -- so called on account of its great beauty. Called also goldfish. -- King of terrors, death. -- King parrakeet (Zo\'94l.), a handsome Australian parrakeet (Platycercys scapulatus), often kept in a cage. Its prevailing color is bright red, with the back and wings bright green, the rump blue, and tail black. -- King penguin (Zo\'94l.), any large species of penguin of the genus Aptenodytes; esp., A. longirostris, of the Falkland Islands and Kerguelen Land, and A. Patagonica , of Patagonia. -- King rail (Zo\'94l.), a small American rail (Rallus elegans), living in fresh-water marshes. The upper parts are fulvous brown, striped with black; the breast is deep cinnamon color. -- King salmon (Zo\'94l.), the quinnat. See Quinnat. -- King's, OR Queen's, counsel (Eng. Law), barristers learned in the law, who have been called within the bar, and selected to be the king's or gueen's counsel. They answer in some measure to the advocates of the revenue (advocati fisci) among the Romans. They can not be employed against the crown without special license. Wharton's Law Dict. -- King's cushion, a temporary seat made by two persons crossing their hands. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- The king's English, correct or current language of good speakers; pure English. Shak. -- King's OR Queen's, evidence, testimony in favor of the Crown by a witness who confesses his guilt as an accomplice. See under Evidence. [Eng.] -- King's evil, scrofula; -- so called because formerly supposed to be healed by the touch of a king. -- King snake (Zo\'94l.), a large, nearly black, harmless snake (Ophiobolus getulus) of the Southern United States; -- so called because it kills and eats other kinds of snakes, including even the rattlesnake. -- King's spear (Bot.), the white asphodel (Asphodelus albus). -- King's yellow, a yellow pigment, consisting essentially of sulphide and oxide of arsenic; -- called also yellow orpiment. -- King tody (Zo\'94l.), a small fly-catching bird (Eurylaimus serilophus) of tropical America. The head is adorned with a large, spreading, fan-shaped crest, which is bright red, edged with black. -- King vulture (Zo\'94l.), a large species of vulture (Sarcorhamphus papa), ranging from Mexico to Paraguay, The general color is white. The wings and tail are black, and the naked carunculated head and the neck are briliantly colored with scarlet, yellow, orange, and blue. So called because it drives away other vultures while feeding. -- King wood, a wood from Brazil, called also violet wood, beautifully streaked in violet tints, used in turning and small cabinetwork. The tree is probably a species of Dalbergia. See Jacaranda. King King (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kinging). ] To supply with a king; to make a king of; to raise to royalty. [R.] Shak. Those traitorous captains of Israel who kinged themselves by slaying their masters and reigning in their stead. South. Kingbird King"bird (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) 1. A small American bird (Tyrannus, or T. Carolinensis), noted for its courage in attacking larger birds, even hawks and eagles, especially when they approach its nest in the breeding season. It is a typical tyrant flycatcher, taking various insects upon the wing. It is dark ash above, and blackish on the bead and tail. The quills and wing coverts are whitish at the edges. It is white beneath, with a white terminal band on the tail. The feathers on the head of the adults show a bright orange basal spot when erected. Called also bee bird, and bee martin. Several Southern and Western species of Tyrannus are also called king birds. 2. The king tody. See under King. Kingbolt King"bolt` (?), n. A vertical iron bolt, by which the forward axle and wheels of a vehicle or the trucks of a railroad car are connected with the other parts. King Charles spaniel King Charles span"iel (?). (Zo\'94l.) A variety of small pet dogs, having, drooping ears, a high, dome-shaped forehead, pug nose, large, prominent eyes, and long, wavy hair. The color is usually black and tan. Kingcraft King"craft (?), n. The craft of kings; the art of governing as a sovereign; royal policy. Prescott. Kingcup King"cup` (?), n. (Bot.) The common buttercup. Kingdom King"dom (?), n. [AS. cyningd. See 2d King, and -dom.] 1. The rank, quality, state, or attributes of a king; royal authority; sovereign power; rule; dominion; monarchy. Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom. Ps. cxiv. 13. When Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his father, he strengthened himself. 2 Chron. xxi. 4. 2. The territory or country subject to a king or queen; the dominion of a monarch; the sphere in which one is king or has control. Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. Shak. You're welcome, Most learned reverend sir, into our kingdom. Shak. 3. An extensive scientific division distinguished by leading or ruling characteristics; a principal division; a department; as, the mineral kingdom. "The animal and vegetable kingdoms." Locke. Animal kingdom. See under Animal. -- Kingdom of God. (a) The universe. (b) That spiritual realm of which God is the acknowledged sovereign. (c) The authority or dominion of God. -- Mineral kingdom. See under Mineral. -- United Kingdom. See under United. -- Vegetable kingdom. See under Vegetable. Syn. -- Realm; empire; dominion; monarchy; sovereignty; domain. Kingdomed King"domed (?), a. Having a kingdom or the dignity of a king; like a kingdom. [R.] "Twixt his mental and his active parts, Kingdom'd Achilles in commotion rages And batters down himself. Shak. Kingfish King"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An American marine food fish of the genus Menticirrus, especially M. saxatilis, or M. nebulosos, of the Atlantic coast; -- called also whiting, surf whiting, and barb. (b) The opah. (c) The common cero; also, the spotted cero. See Cero. (d) The queenfish. _________________________________________________________________ Page 815 Kingfisher King"fish`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of birds constituting the family Alcedinid\'91. Most of them feed upon fishes which they capture by diving and seizing then with the beak; others feed only upon reptiles, insects, etc. About one hundred and fifty species are known. They are found in nearly all parts of the world, but are particularly abundant in the East Indies. NOTE: &hand; Th e be lted ki ng-fisher of the United States (Ceryle alcyon) feeds upon fishes. It is slate-blue above, with a white belly and breast, and a broad white ring around the neck. A dark band crosses the breast. The common European species (Alcedo ispida), which is much smaller and brighter colored, is also a fisher. See Alcedo. The wood kingfishers (Halcyones), which inhabit forests, especially in Africa, feed largely upon insects, but also eat reptiles, snails, and small Crustacea, as well as fishes. The giant kingfisher of Australia feeds largely upon lizards and insects. See Laughing jackass, under Laughing. Kinghood King"hood (?), n. The state of being a king; the attributes of a king; kingship. Gower. Kingless King"less, a. Having no king. F. Lieber. Kinglet King"let (?), n. 1. A little king; a weak or insignificant king. Carlyle. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small singing birds of the genus Regulus and family Sylviid\'91. NOTE: &hand; Th e golden-crowned kinglet (Regulus satrapa), and the rubycrowned kinglet (R. calendula), are the most common American species. The common English kinglet (R. cristatus) is also called golden-crested wren, moonie, and marigold finch. The kinglets are often popularly called wrens, both in America and England. Kinglihood King"li*hood (?), n. King-liness. Tennyson. Kingliness King"li*ness, n. The state or quality of being kingly. Kingling King"ling (?), n. Same as Kinglet, 1. Churchill. Kingly King"ly (?), a. [Compar. Kinglier (?); superl. Kingliest.] Belonging to, suitable to, or becoming, a king; characteristic of, resembling, a king; directed or administered by a king; monarchical; royal; sovereign; regal; august; noble; grand. "Kingly magnificence." Sir P. Sidney. "A kingly government." Swift. "The kingly couch." Shak. The kingliest kings are crowned with thorn. G. Massey. Leave kingly backs to cope with kingly cares. Cowper. Syn. -- Regal; royal; monarchical; imperial; august; sovereign; noble; splendid. -- Kingly, Regal. Kingly is Anglo-Saxon, and refers especially to the character of a king; regal is Latin, and now relates more to his office. The former is chiefly used of dispositions, feelings, and purposes which are kinglike; as, kingly sentiments; kingly condescension; " a kingly heart for enterprises." Sir P. Sidney. The latter is oftener applied to external state, pomp, etc.; as, regal state, regal title, etc. This distinction is not observed by our early writers, but is gaining ground. Kingly King"ly, adv. In a kingly or kinglike manner. Shak. Low bowed the rest; he, kingly, did but nod. Pore. NOTE: &hand; Al though th is ci tation, one from Paradise Lost, and one from Shakespeare's ll4th Sonnet are given by lexicographers as examples of adverbial use, it is by no means clear that the word is not an adjective in each instance. King-post King"-post` (?), n. (Carp.) A member of a common form of truss, as a roof truss. It is strictly a tie, intended to prevent the sagging of the tiebeam in the middle. If there are struts, supporting the main rafters, they often bear upon the foot of the king-post. Called also crown-post. King's Bench King's Bench (?). (Law) Formerly, the highest court of common law in England; -- so called because the king used to sit there in person. It consisted of a chief justice and four puisne, or junior, justices. During the reign of a queen it was called the Queen's Bench. Its jurisdiction was transferred by the judicature acts of 1873 and 1875 to the high court of justice created by that legislation. Kingship King"ship (?), n. The state, office, or dignity of a king; royalty. Landor. Kingston, Kingstone King"ston (?), King"stone` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The black angel fish. See Angel fish, under Angel. Kingston metal King"ston met"al (?). An alloy of tin, copper, and mercury, sometimes used for the bearings and packings of machinery. McElrath. Kingston valve King"ston valve (?). (Marine Steam Engin.) A conical valve, opening outward, to close the mouth of a pipe which passes through the side of a vessel below the water line. Kingtruss King"truss` (?). (Carp.) A truss, framed with a king-post; -- used in roofs, bridges, etc. Kinic Ki"nic (?), a. [Cf. F.kinique.] (Chem.) See Quinic. Kink Kink (?), n. [D. kink a bend or turn, or Sw. kink.] 1. A twist or loop in a rope or thread, caused by a spontaneous doubling or winding upon itself; a close loop or curl; a doubling in a cord. 2. An unreasonable notion; a crotchet; a whim; a caprice. [Colloq.] Cozzens. Kink Kink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kinking.] To wind into a kink; to knot or twist spontaneously upon itself, as a rope or thread. Kink Kink, n. [Cf. Chincough, Kink-haust.] A fit of coughing; also, a convulsive fit of laughter. [Scot.] Kinkajou Kin"ka*jou` (?), n. [F. kinkajou, quincajou, from the native American name.] (Zo\'94l.) A nocturnal carnivorous mammal (Cercoleptes caudivolvulus) of South America, about as large as a full-grown cat. It has a prehensile tail and lives in trees. It is the only representative of a distinct family (Cercoleptid\'91) allied to the raccoons. Called also potto, and honey bear. Kinkhaust Kink"haust` (?), n. [Prov. E. kink to gasp (cf. Chin cough) + haust a cough (akin to E. wheeze).] Whooping cough. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.] Kinkle Kin"kle (?), n. Same as 3d Kink. Kinky Kink"y (?), a. 1. Full of kinks; liable to kink or curl; as, kinky hair. 2. Queer; eccentric; crotchety. [Colloq. U.S.] Kinnikinic Kin`ni*ki*nic" (?), n. [Indian, literally, a mixture.] Prepared leaves or bark of certain plants; -- used by the Indians of the Northwest for smoking, either mixed with tobacco or as a substitute for it. Also, a plant so used, as the osier cornel (Cornus stolonijra), and the bearberry (Arctostaphylus Uva-ursi). [Spelled also kinnickinnick and killikinick.] Kino Ki"no (?), n. The dark red dried juice of certain plants, used variously in tanning, in dyeing, and as an astringent in medicine. NOTE: &hand; Th e ch ief su pply is from an East Indian leguminous tree, the Pterocarpus Marsupium. Other sources are the African Pterocarpus erinaceus, the tropical American sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera), and several Australian Eucalypti. See Botany bay kino, under Botany bay, Gum butea, under Gum, and Eucalyptus. Kinology Ki*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That branch of physics which treats of the laws of motion, or of moving bodies. <-- kinetics? mechanics? --> Kinone Ki"none (?), n. (Chem.) See Quinone. Kinoyl Ki"noyl (?), n. (Chem.) [Obs.] See Quinoyl. Kinrede Kin"rede (?), n. Kindred. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kinsfolk Kins"folk` (?), n. Relatives; kindred; kin; persons of the same family or closely or closely related families. They sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance. Luke ii. 44. Kinship Kin"ship (?), n. Family relationship. Kinsman Kins"man (?), n.; pl. Kinsmen (. A man of the same race or family; one related by blood. Kinsmanship Kins"man*ship, n. Kinship. Thackeray. Kinswoman Kins"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Kinswomen (. A female relative. Shak. Kintlidge Kint"lidge (?), n. (Naut.) See Kentledge. Kiosk Ki*osk" (?), n. [Turk. kiushk, ki\'94shk, Per. k.] A Turkish open summer house or pavilion, supported by pillars. <-- 2. A small structure, typically located on a street and sometimes in a parking lot, with one or more open sides, used to vend merchandise, such as newspapers, or services, such as key duplication or film developing.(MW10 s. 2) --> Kioways Ki"o*ways` (?), n. pl.; sing. Kioway (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians distantly related to the Shoshones. They formerly inhabited the region about the head waters of the North Platte. Kip Kip (?), n. The hide of a young or small beef creature, or leather made from it; kipskin. Kip leather. See Kipskin. Kipe Kipe (?), n. [Cf. OE. kipen to catch, Icel. kippa to pull, snatch. Cf. Kipper.] An osier basket used for catching fish. [Prov. Eng.] Kipper Kip"per (?), n. [D. kippen to hatch, snatch, seize. Cf. Kipe.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon after spawning. 2. A salmon split open, salted, and dried or smoked; -- so called because salmon after spawning were usually so cured, not being good when fresh. [Scot.] Kipper time, the season in which fishing for salmon is forbidden. [Eng. & Scot.] Kipper Kip"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kippered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kippering.] To cure, by splitting, salting, and smoking. "Kippered salmon." Dickens. Kipper Kip"per, a. Amorous; also, lively; light-footed; nimble; gay; sprightly. [Prov. Eng.]<-- = chipper? --> Halliwell. Kippernut Kip"per*nut` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to earthnuts of several kinds. Kipskin Kip"skin` (?), n. [Kip + skin.] Leather prepared from the skin of young or small cattle, intermediate in grade between calfskin and cowhide. Kirk Kirk (?), n. [Scot.; cf. Icel. kirkja, of Greek origin. See Church.] A church or the church, in the various senses of the word; esp., the Church of Scotland as distinguished from other reformed churches, or from the Roman Catholic Church. [Scot.] Jamieson. Kirked Kirked (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Turned upward; bent. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Kirkman Kirk"man (?), n.; pl. Kirkmen (. 1. A clergyman or officer in a kirk. [Scot.] 2. A member of the Church of Scotland, as distinguished from a member of another communion. [Scot.] Kirkyard Kirk"yard` (?), n. A churchyard. [Scot.] Kirmess Kir"mess (?), n. [D. kermis; cf. G. kirmes; prop., church mass. See Church, and Mass a religious service.] In Europe, particularly in Belgium and Holland, and outdoor festival and fair; in the United States, generally an indoor entertainment and fair combined. Kirschwasser Kirsch"was`ser (?), n. [G., fr. kirsche cherry + wasser water.] An alcoholic liquor, obtained by distilling the fermented juice of the small black cherry. Kirsome Kir"some, a. [Corrupted from chrisom.] Christian; christened. [Obs.] I am a true kirsome woman. Beau. & Fl. Kirtle Kir"tle (?), n. [OE. kirtel, curtel, AS. cyrtel; skin to Icel. kyrtill, Sw. kjortel, Dan. kiortel, kiole.] A garment varying in form and use at different times, and worn doth by men and women. Wearing her Norman car, and her kirtle of blue. Longfellow. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is still retained in the provinces, in the sense of " an outer petticoat." Halliwell. Kirtled Kir"tled (?), a. Wearing a kirtle. Byron. Kirumbo Ki*rum"bo (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of Madagascar (Leptosomus discolor), the only living type of a family allied to the rollers. It has a pair of loral plumes. The male is glossy green above, with metallic reflections; the female is spotted with brown and black. Kish Kish (?), n. [Cf. G. kies gravel, pyrites.] (Min.) A workman's name for the graphite which forms incidentally in iron smelting. Kismet Kis"met (?), n. [Per. qismat.] Destiny; fate. [Written also kismat.] [Oriental] Kiss Kiss (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kissed (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Kissing.] [OE. kissen, cussen, AS. cyssan, fr. coss a kiss; of uncertain origin; akin to D. kus, G. kuss, Icel. koss.] 1. To salute with the lips, as a mark of affection, reverence, submission, forgiveness, etc. He . . . kissed her lips with such a clamorous smack, That at the parting all the church echoed. Shak. 2. To touch gently, as if fondly or caressingly. When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees. Shak. Kiss Kiss, v. i. 1. To make or give salutation with the lips in token of love, respect, etc.; as, kiss and make friends. 2. To meet; to come in contact; to touch fondly. Like fire and powder, Which as they kiss consume. Shak. Rose, rose and clematis, Trail and twine and clasp and kiss. Tennyson. Kissing comfit, a perfumed sugarplum to sweeten the breath. [Obs or Prov. End.] Shak. Kiss Kiss, n. [OE. kiss, derived under the influence of the verb from the older form coss, AS. coss. See Kiss, v.] 1. A salutation with the lips, as a token of affection, respect, etc.; as, a parting kiss; a kiss of reconciliation. Last with a kiss, she took a long farewell. Dryden. Dear as remembered kisses after death. Tennyson. 2. A small piece of confectionery. Kisser Kiss"er (?), n. One who kisses. Beau. & Fl. Kissingcrust Kiss"ing*crust` (?), n. (Cookery) The portion of the upper crust of a loaf which has touched another loaf in baking. Lamb. A massy fragment from the rich kissingcrust that hangs like a fretted cornice from the upper half of the loaf. W. Howitt. Kist Kist (?), n. [See Chest.] A chest; hence, a coffin. [Scot. & Prov. End.] Jamieson. Halliwell. Kist Kist, n. [Ar. gist.] A stated payment, especially a payment of rent for land; hence, the time for such payment. [India] Kistvaen Kist"vaen (?), n. [W. cist-faen.] (Arch\'91ol.) A Celtic monument, commonly known as a dolmen. Kit Kit, v. t. [imp. Kitte.] To cut. [Obs.] Chaucer. t t, n. [See Kitten.] A kitten. Kit fox (Zo\'94l.), a small burrowing fox (Vulpes velox), inhabiting the region of the Rocky Mountains. It is brownish gray, reddish on the breast and flanks, and white below. Called also swift fox. Kit Kit, n. [Gf. AS. cytere harp, L. cithara. Cf. Guitar.] A small violin. "A dancing master's kit." Grew. Prince Turveydrop then tinkled the strings of his kit with his fingers, and the young ladies stood up to dance. Dickens. Kit Kit, m. [Cf. D. kit a large bottle, OD. kitte beaker, decanter.] 1. A large bottle. 2. A wooden tub or pail, smaller at the top than at the bottom; as, a kit of butter, or of mackerel. Wright. 3. straw or rush basket for fish; also, any kind of basket. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 4. A box for working implements; hence, a working outfit, as of a workman, a soldier, and the like. 5. A group of separate parts, things, or individuals; -- used with whole, and generally contemptuously; as, the whole kit of them. <-- now: the whole kit and kaboodle --> Kitcat Kit"cat` (?), a. 1. Designating a club in London, to which Addison and Steele belonged; -- so called from Christopher Cat, a pastry cook, who served the club with mutton pies. 2. Designating a canvas used for portraits of a peculiar size, viz., twenty-right or twenty-nine inches by thirtysix; -- so called because that size was adopted by Sir Godfrey Kneller for the portraits he painted of the members of the Kitcal Club. Fairholt. Kitcat Kit"cat`, n. A game played by striking with a stick small piece of wood, called a cat, shaped like two coned united at their bases; tipcat. Cotton. Kitcat roll (Agric.), a roller somewhat in the form of two cones set base to base. [Prov. Eng.] Kitchen Kitch"en (?), n. [OE. kichen, kichene, kuchene, AS. cycene, L. coquina, equiv. to culina a kitchen, fr. coquinus pertaining to cooking, fr. coquere to cook. See Cook to prepare food, and cf. Cuisine.] 1. A cookroom; the room of a house appropriated to cookery. Cool was his kitchen, though his brains were hot. Dryden. A fat kitchen makes a lean will. Franklin. 2. A utensil for roasting meat; as, a tin kitchen. Kitchen garden. See under Garden. -- Kitchen lee, dirty soapsuds. [Obs.] " A brazen tub of kitchen lee." Ford. -- Kitchen stuff, fat collected from pots and pans. Donne. Kitchen Kitch"en, v. t. To furnish food to; to entertain with the fare of the kitchen. [Obs.] Shak. Kitchener Kitch"en*er, n. A kitchen servant; a cook. Carlyle. Kitchenmaid Kitch"en*maid` (?), n. A woman employed in the kitchen. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 816 Kitchen middens Kitch"en mid`dens (?). [Dan. kj\'94k-kenm\'94ddings kitchen leavings; cf. Scot. midden a dunghill.] Relics of neolithic man found on the coast of Denmark, consisting of shell mounds, some of which are ten feet high, one thousand feet long, and two hundred feet wide. The name is applied also to similar mounds found on the American coast from Canada to Florida, made by the North American Indians. Kitchen-ry Kitch"en-ry (?), n. The body of servants employed in the kitchen. [Obs.] Holland. Kite Kite (?), n. [OE. kyte, AS.c; cf. W. cud, cut.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any raptorial bird of the subfamily Milvin\'91, of which many species are known. They have long wings, adapted for soaring, and usually a forked tail. NOTE: &hand; Th e Eu ropean sp ecies ar e Mi lvus ic tinus an d M. govinda; the sacred or Brahmany kite of India is Haliastur Indus; the American fork-tailed kite is the Nauclerus furcatus. 2. Fig. : One who is rapacious. Detested kite, thou liest. Shak. 3. A light frame of wood or other material covered with paper or cloth, for flying in the air at the end of a string. 4. (Naut.) A lofty sail, carried only when the wind is light. 5. (Geom.) A quadrilateral, one of whose diagonals is an axis of symmetry. Henrici. 6. Fictitious commercial paper used for raising money or to sustain credit, as a check which represents no deposit in bank, or a bill of exchange not sanctioned by sale of goods; an accommodation check or bill. [Cant] 7. (Zo\'94l.) The brill. [Prov. Eng. ] Flying kites. (Naut.) See under Flying. -- Kite falcon (Zo\'94l.), an African falcon of the genus Avicida, having some resemblance to a kite. Kite Kite, v. i. To raise money by "kites;" as, kiting transactions. See Kite, 6. [Cant] Kite Kite, n. The belly. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Kiteflying, n. A mode of raising money, or sustaining one's credit, by the use of paper which is merely nominal; -- called also kiting. -- Kiteflier Kite"fly`ing (?), n. A mode of raising money, or sustaining one's credit, by the use of paper which is merely nominal; -- called also kiting. -- Kite"fli`er, n. See Kite, n., 6. [Cant] McElrath. Thackeray. Kith Kith (?), n. [OE. kith, cu, AS. cc known. Uncouth, Can, and cf. Kythe.] Acquaintance; kindred. And my near kith for sore me shend. W. Browne. The sage of his kith and the hamlet. Longfellow. Kith and kin, kindred more or less remote. Kithara Kith"a*ra (?), n. See Cithara. Kithe Kithe (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Kythe. Chaucer. Kitish Kit"ish (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or relating to a kite. Kitling Kit"ling (?), n. [Kit a kitten + ling: cf. Icel. ketlingr.] A young kitten; a whelp. [Obs. or Scot.] B. Jonson. Kitte Kit"te (?), imp. of Kit to cut. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kittel Kit"tel (?), v. t. See Kittle, v. t. Kitten Kit"ten (?), n. [OE. kiton, a dim. of cat; cf. G.kitze a young cat, also a female cat, and F. chaton, dim. of chat cat, also E. kitling. See Cat.] A young cat. Kitten Kit"ten, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Kittened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kittening.] To bring forth young, as a cat; to bring forth, as kittens. Shak. H. Spencer. Kittenish Kit"ten*ish, a. Resembling a kitten; playful; as, a kittenish disposition. Richardson. Kittiwake Kit"ti*wake (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A northern gull (Rissa tridactyla), inhabiting the coasts of Europe and America. It is white, with black tips to the wings, and has but three toes. Kittle Kit"tle (?), v. i. [Cf. Kit a kitten.] (Zo\'94l.) To bring forth young, as a cat; to kitten; to litter. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Kittle Kit"tle, v. t. [Cf. AS. citelian; akin to D. kittelen, G. kitzeln, Icel. kitla, Sw. kittla, kittsla, Dan. kildre. Cf. Tickle.] To tickle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [Written also kittel.] Halliwell. Jamieson. Kittle Kit"tle, a. Ticklish; not easily managed; troublesome; difficult; variable. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. Sir W. Scott. Kittlish Kit"tlish (?), a. Ticklish; kittle. Sir W. Scott. Kittysol Kit*ty*sol" (?), n. [Sp. quitasol.] The Chinese paper parasol. Kive Kive (?), n. A mash vat. See Keeve. [Obs.] Kiver Kiv"er (?), v. t. To cover. -- n. A cover. [Disused except in illiterate speech.] Kivikivi, Kiwikiwi Ki`vi*ki"vi (?), Ki`wi*ki"wi (?), n.; pl. Kivikivies (Kiwikiwies (. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Apteryx, esp. A. australis; -- so called in imitation of its notes. Called also kiwi. See Apteryx. Kjoekken moeddings Kjoek"ken moed`dings (?). [Dan.] See Kitchen middens. Klamaths Kla"maths (?), n. pl.; sing. Klamath (Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of several tribes formerly living along the Klamath river, in California and Oregon, but now restricted to a reservation at Klamath Lake; -- called also Clamets and Hamati. Kleeneboc Kleene"boc` (kl&emac;n"b&ocr;k`), n. [D. kleen little, small + bok buck.] (Zo\'94l.) An antelope (Cerphalopus pygm\'91us), found in South Africa. It is of very small size, being but one foot high at shoulder. It is remarkable for its activity, and for its mild and timid disposition. Called also guevi, and pygmy antelope. Kleptomania Klep`to*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. mania.] A propensity to steal, claimed to be irresistible. This does not constitute legal irresponsibility. Wharton. Kleptomaniac Klep`to*ma"ni*ac (?), n. A person affected with kleptomania. Klick Klick (?), n. & v. See Click. Klicket Klick"et (?), n. [Cf. Clicket.] (Mil.) A small postern or gate in a palisade, for the passage of sallying parties. [Written also klinket.] Klinkstone Klink"stone` (?), n. See Clinkstone. Klinometer Kli*nom"e*ter (?), n. See Clinometer. Klipdas, Klipdachs Klip"das (?), Klip"dachs` (?), n. [D. klip cliff + das badger, akin to G. dachs.] (Zo\'94l.) A small mammal (Hyrax Capensis), found in South Africa. It is of about the size of a rabbit, and closely resembles the daman. Called also rock rabbit. Klipfish Klip"fish` (?), n. Dried cod, exported from Norway. [Written also clipfish.] Klipspringer Klip"spring`er (?), n. [D., lit., cliff springer.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, graceful South African antelope (Nanotragus oreotragus), which, like the chamois, springs from one crag to another with great agility; -- called also kainsi. [Written also klippspringer.] Kloof Kloof (?), n. [D. See Clove a cleft.] A glen; a ravine closed at its upper end. [South Africa] Klopemania Klo`pe*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. mania.] See Kleptomania. Knab Knab (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Knabbing.] [See Nab, v. t., and cf. Knap, v. t.] 1. To seize with the teeth; to gnaw. "Knabbing crusts." [Obs.] L'Estrange. 2. To nab. See Nab, v. t. [Colloq.] Knabble Knab"ble (?), v. i. [Freq. of knab.] To bite or nibble. [Obs.] Horses will knabble at walls, and rats gnaw iron. Sir T. Browne. Knack Knack (?), v. i. [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knacken to break, Dan. knage to crack, and E. knock.] 1. To crack; to make a sharp, abrupt noise to chink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bp. Hall. 2. To speak affectedly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Knack Knack, n. 1. A petty contrivance; a toy; a plaything; a knickknack. A knack, a toy, a trick, a baby's cap. Shak. 2. A readiness in performance; aptness at doing something; skill; facility; dexterity. The fellow . . . has not the knack with his shears. B. Jonson. The dean was famous in his time, And had a kind of knack at rhyme. Swift. 3. Something performed, or to be done, requiring aptness and dexterity; a trick; a device. "The knacks of japers." Chaucer. For how should equal colors do the knack ! Pope. Knacker Knack"er (?), n. 1. One who makes knickknacks, toys, etc. Mortimer. 2. One of two or more pieces of bone or wood held loosely between the fingers, and struck together by moving the hand; -- called also clapper. Halliwell. Knacker Knack"er, n. [Cf. Icel.hnakkr a saddle.] 1. a harness maker. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. One who slaughters worn-out horses and sells their flesh for dog's meat. [Eng.] Knackish Knack"ish, a. Trickish; artful. [Obs.] -- Knack"ish*ness, n. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Knack-kneed Knack"-kneed` (?), a. See Knock-kneed. Knacky Knack"y (?), a. Having a knack; cunning; crafty; trickish. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. Knag Knag (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G. knagge a knot in wood, Sw. knagg, Dan. knag a hook to hand clothes on, a bracket; Gael. & Ir. cnag peg, knob.] 1. A knot in wood; a protuberance. Wright. 2. A wooden peg for hanging things on. Wright. 3. The prong of an antler Holland. 4. The rugged top of a hill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Knagged Knag"ged (?), a. Full of knots; knaggy. Knaggy Knag"gy (?), a. Knotty; rough; figuratively, rough in temper. Fuller. -- Knag"gi*ness (#), n. Knap Knap (?), n. [AS. cn\'91p, cn\'91pp, top, knob, button; cf. Icel. knappr knob, Sw. knapp, Dan. knap button, W., Gael., & Ir. cnap knob, button, and E. knop.] A protuberance; a swelling; a knob; a button; hence, rising ground; a summit. See Knob, and Knop. The highest part and knap of the same island. Holland. Knap Knap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Knapping.] [D. knappen to chew, bite, crack, take hold of; prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To bite; to bite off; to break short. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. ] He will knap the spears apieces with his teeth. Dr. H. More. He breaketh the bow, and knappeth the spear in sunder. Ps. xlvi. 9 (Book of Common Prayer.) 2. To strike smartly; to rap; to snap. Bacon. Knap Knap, v. i. To make a sound of snapping. Wiseman. Knap Knap, n. A sharp blow or slap. Halliwell. Knapbottle Knap"bot`tle (?), n. (Bot.) The bladder campion (Silene inflata). Knappish Knap"pish (?), a. [See Knap to strike.] Snappish; peevish. [Obs.] Grafton. Knapple Knap"ple (?), v. i. [Freq. of knap, v., cf. D. knabbelen to gnaw.] To break off with an abrupt, sharp noise; to bite; to nibble. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Knappy Knap"py (?), a. Having knaps; full of protuberances or humps; knobby. [Obs.] Huloet. Knapsack Knap"sack` (?), n. [D. knapzak; knappen to eat + zak a bag. See Knap, v. t., and Sack.] A case of canvas or leather, for carrying on the back a soldier's necessaries, or the clothing, etc., of a traveler. And each one fills his knapsack or his scrip With some rare thing that on the field is found. Drayton. Knapweed Knap"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) The black centaury (Centaurea nigra); -- so called from the knoblike heads of flowers. Called also bullweed. Knar Knar (?), n. See Gnar. [Obs.] Chaucer. Knarl Knar"l (?), n. A knot in wood. See Gnarl. Knarled Knarled (?), a. Knotted. See Gnarled. Knarred Knarred (?), a. Knotty; gnarled. The knarred and crooked cedar knees. Longfellow. Knarry Knar"ry (?), a. Knotty; gnarled. Chaucer. Knave Knave (?), n. [OE., boy, servant, knave, AS. cnafa boy, youth; cf. AS. cnapa boy, youth, D. kna, G. knabe boy, knappe esquire, Icel. knapi, Sw. knape esquire, kn\'84fvel knave.] 1. A boy; especially, a boy servant. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer. O murderous slumber, Lay'st thou thy leaden mace upon my boy That plays thee music ? Gentle knave, good night. Shak. 2. Any male servant; a menial. [Obs.] Chaucer. He's but Fortune's knave, A minister of her will. Shak. 3. A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person; a rogue; a villain. "A pair of crafty knaves." Shak. In defiance of demonstration, knaves will continue to proselyte fools. Ames. NOTE: &hand; "H ow ma ny serving lads must have been unfaithful and dishonest before knave -which meant at first no more than boy -- acquired the meaning which it has now !" Trench. 4. A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a jack. Knave child, a male child. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Villain; cheat; rascal; rogue; scoundrel; miscreant. Knavery Knav"er*y (?), n.; pl. Knaveries (. 1. The practices of a knave; petty villainy; fraud; trickery; a knavish action. This is flat knavery, to take upon you another man's name. Shak. 2. pl. Roguish or mischievous tricks. Shak. Knaveship Knave"ship, n. A small due, in meal, established by usage, which is paid to the under miller. [Scot.] Knavess Knav"ess (?), n. A knavish woman. Carlyle. Knavish Knav"ish, a. 1. Like or characteristic of a knave; given to knavery; trickish; fraudulent; dishonest; villainous; as, a knavish fellow, or a knavish trick. "Knavish politicians." Macaulay. 2. Mischievous; roguish; waggish. Cupid is knavish lad, Thus to make poor females mad. Shak. Knavishly Knav"ish*ly, adv. 1. In a knavish manner; dishonestly; fraudulently. Holland. 2. Mischievously; waggishly; roguishly. "Knavishly witty." Gayton. KNavishness KNav"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of being knavish; knavery; dishonesty. Knaw Knaw (?), v. t. See Gnaw. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Knawel Knaw"el (?), n. [Akin to G. knauelk, kn\'84uel,prop., a ball of thread, coil. Cf. Clew.] (Bot.) A low, spreading weed (Scleranthus annuus), common in sandy soil. Knead Knead (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kneaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Kneading.] [OE. kneden, As. cnedan; akin to D. kneden, G. kneten, Sw. kn, Icel. kno; cf. OSlav.gnesti.] 1. To work and press into a mass, usually with the hands; esp., to work, as by repeated pressure with the knuckles, into a well mixed mass, as the materials of bread, cake, etc.; as, to knead dough. The kneading, the making of the cake, the heating of the oven, and the baking. Shak. 2. Fig.: To treat or form as by kneading; to beat. I will knead him : I'll make him supple. Shak. Kneading trough, a trough or tray in which dough is kneaded. Ex. viii. 3. Kneadable Knead"a*ble (?), a. That may be kneaded; capable of being worked into a mass. Kneader Knead"er (?), n. One who kneads. Kneadingly Knead"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of one kneading. Knebelite Kne"bel*ite (?), n. [From Major von Knebel.] (Min.) A mineral of a gray, red, brown, or green color, and glistening luster. It is a silicate of iron and manganese. Kneck Kneck (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) The twisting of a rope or cable, as it is running out. [Eng.] Knee Knee (?), n. [OE. kne, cneo, As. cne\'a2, cne\'a2w; akin to OS. knio, kneo, OFries. kn\'c6, G. & D. knie, OHG. chniu, chneo, Icel. kn, Sw. kn\'84,Dan. kn\'91, Goth. kniu, L.genu, Gr. j\'benu, Cf. Genuflection.] 1. In man, the joint in the middle part of the leg. 2. (Anat.) (a) The joint, or region of the joint, between the thigh and leg. (b) In the horse and allied animals, the carpal joint, corresponding to the wrist in man. 3. (Mech. & Shipbuilding) A piece of timber or metal formed with an angle somewhat in the shape of the human knee when bent. 4. A bending of the knee, as in respect or courtesy. Give them title, knee, and approbation. Shak. Knee breeches. See under Breeches. -- Knee holly, Knee holm (Bot.), butcher's broom. -- Knee jerk (Physiol.) a jerk or kick produced by a blow or sudden strain upon the patellar tendon of the knee, which causes a sudden contraction of the quadriceps muscle; one of the so-called tendon reflexes. -- Knee joint. See in the Vocabulary. -- Knee timber, timber with knees or angles in it. -- Knee tribute, or Knee worship, tribute paid by kneeling; worship by genuflection. [Obs.] "Knee tribute yet unpaid." Milton. Knee Knee (?), v. t. To supplicate by kneeling. [Obs.] Fall down, and knee The way into his mercy. Shak Kneebrush Knee"brush` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A tuft or brush of hair on the knees of some species of antelopes and other animals; -- chiefly used in the plural. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A thick mass or collection of hairs on the legs of bees, by aid of which they carry the collected pollen to the hive or nest; -- usually in the plural. Kneecap Knee"cap` (?), n. 1. (Anat.) The kneepan. 2. A cap or protection for the knee. <-- kneecap v. t. to break the knees of, often by shooting in the kneecap. -- a method of punishment sometimes used by criminal organizations against people who offend them --> Knee-crooking Knee"-crook`ing (?), a. Obsequious; fawning; cringing. "Knee-crooking knave." Shak. Kneed Kneed (?), a. 1. Having knees;- used chiefly in composition; as, in-kneed; out-kneed; weak-kneed. 2. (Bot.) Geniculated; forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the knee when a little bent; as, kneed grass. Knee-deep Knee"-deep` (?), a. 1. Rising to the knees; knee-high; as, water or snow knee-deep. Grass knee-deep within a month. Milton. 2. Sunk to the knees; as, men knee-deep in water. Where knee-deep the trees were standing. Longfellow. Knee-high Knee"-high` (?), a. Rising or reaching upward to the knees; as, the water is knee-high. Kneejoint Knee"joint` (?), n. 1. The joint of the knee. 2. (Mach.) A toggle joint; -- so called because consisting of two pieces jointed to each other end to end, making an angle like the knee when bent. Kneejointed Knee"joint`ed, a. (Bot.) Geniculate; kneed. See Kneed, a., 2. Kneel Kneel (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Knelt (?) or Kneeled (p. pr. & vb. n. Kneeling.] [OE. knelen, cneolien; akin to D. knielen, Dan. kn\'91le. See Knee.] To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes with down. And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. Acts vii. 60. As soon as you are dressed, kneel and say the Lord's Prayer. Jer. Taylor. Kneeler Kneel"er (?), n. 1. One who kneels or who worships by or while kneeling. Tennyson. 2. A cushion or stool to kneel on. 3. (Eccl. Hist.) A name given to certain catechumens and penitents who were permitted to join only in parts of church worship. Kneelingly Kneel"ing*ly, adv. In a kneeling position. Kneepan Knee"pan` (?), n. (Anat.) A roundish, flattened, sesamoid bone in the tendon in front of the knee joint; the patella; the kneecap. Kneepiece Knee"piece` (?), n. A piece shaped like a knee; as, the kneepieces or ears of a boat. Knell Knell (?), n. [OE. knel, cnul, AS. cnyll, fr. cnyllan to sound a bell; cf. D. & G. knallen to clap, crack, G. & Sw. knall a clap, crack, loud sound, Dan. knalde to clap, crack. Cf. Knoll, n. & v.] The stoke of a bell tolled at a funeral or at the death of a person; a death signal; a passing bell; hence, figuratively, a warning of, or a sound indicating, the passing away of anything. The dead man's knell Is there scarce asked for who. Shak. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. Gray. Knell Knell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Knelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Knelling.] [OE. knellen, knillen, As. cnyllan. See Knell, n.] To sound as a knell; especially, to toll at a death or funeral; hence, to sound as a warning or evil omen. Not worth a blessing nor a bell to knell for thee. Beau. & Fl. Yet all that poets sing, and grief hath known, Of hopes laid waste, knells in that word, "alone". Ld. Lytton. Knell Knell, v. t. To summon, as by a knell. Each matin bell, the baron saith, Knells us back to a world of death. Coleridge. Knelt Knelt (?), imp. & p. p. of Kneel. Knew Knew (?), imp. of Know. Knicker Knick"er (?), n. [D. knikker.] A small ball of clay, baked hard and oiled, used as a marble by boys in playing. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Knickerbockers Knick"er*bock`ers (?), n. pl. The name for a style of short breeches; smallclothes. Knickknack Knick"knack` (?), n. [See Knack.] A trifle or toy; a bawble; a gewgaw. Knickknackatory Knick"knack`a*to*ry (?), n. A collection of knickknacks. Richardson. Knickknackery Knick"knack`er*y (?), n. Knickknacks. Knife Knife (?), n.; pl. Knives (#). [OE. knif, AS. cn\'c6f; akin to D. knijf, Icel. kn\'c6fr, Sw. knif, Dan. kniv.] 1. An instrument consisting of a thin blade, usually of steel and having a sharp edge for cutting, fastened to a handle, but of many different forms and names for different uses; as, table knife, drawing knife, putty knife, pallet knife, pocketknife, penknife, chopping knife, etc. /as>. 2. A sword or dagger. The coward conquest of a wretch's knife. Shak. Knife grass (Bot.) a tropical American sedge (Scleria latifolia), having leaves with a very sharp and hard edge, like a knife. -- War to the knife, mortal combat; a conflict carried to the last extremity. Knife Knife, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knifed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Knifing (?).] 1. (Hort.) To prune with the knife. 2. To cut or stab with a knife. [Low] Knifeboard Knife"board` (?), n. A board on which knives are cleaned or polished. Knifeedge Knife"*edge` (?), n. (Mech.) A piece of steel sharpened to an acute edge or angle, and resting on a smooth surface, serving as the axis of motion of a pendulum, scale beam, or other piece required to oscillate with the least possible friction. Knife-edge file. See Illust. of File. Knight Knight (?), n. [OE. knight, cniht, knight, soldier, As. cniht, cneoht, a boy, youth, attendant, military follower; akin to D. & G. knecht servant; perh. akin to E. kin.] 1. A young servant or follower; a military attendant. [Obs.] 2. (a) In feudal times, a man-at-arms serving on horseback and admitted to a certain military rank with special ceremonies, including an oath to protect the distressed, maintain the right, and live a stainless life. (b) One on whom knighthood, a dignity next below that of baronet, is conferred by the sovereign, entitling him to be addressed as Sir; as, Sir John. [Eng.] Hence: (c) A champion; a partisan; a lover. "Give this ring to my true knight." Shak "In all your quarrels will I be your knight." Tennyson. Knights, by their oaths, should right poor ladies' harms. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly, wh en a knight's name was not known, it was customary to address him as Sir Knight. The rank of a knight is not hereditary. 3. A piece used in the game of chess, usually bearing a horse's head. 4. A playing card bearing the figure of a knight; the knave or jack. [Obs.] Carpet knight. See under Carpet. -- Knight of industry. See Chevalier d'industrie, under Chevalier. -- Knight of Malta, Knight of Rhodes, Knight of St. John of Jerusalem. See Hospitaler. -- Knight of the post, one who gained his living by giving false evidence on trials, or false bail; hence, a sharper in general. Nares. "A knight of the post, . . . quoth he, for so I am termed; a fellow that will swear you anything for twelve pence." -- Nash. -- Knight of the shire, in England, one of the representatives of a county in Parliament, in distinction from the representatives of cities and boroughs. -- Knights commanders, Knights grand cross, different classes of the Order of the Bath. See under Bath, and Companion. Knights of labor, a secret organization whose professed purpose is to secure and maintain the rights of workingmen as respects their relations to their employers. [U. S.] -- Knights of Pythias, a secret order, founded in Washington, d.C., in 1864, for social and charitable purposes. -- Knights of the Round Table, knights belonging to an order which, according to the legendary accounts, was instituted by the mythical King Arthur. They derived their common title from the table around which they sat on certain solemn days. Brande & C. Knight Knight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Knighting.] To dub or create (one) a knight; -- done in England by the sovereign only, who taps the kneeling candidate with a sword, saying: Rise, Sir ---. A soldier, by the honor-giving hand Of Cknighted in the field. Shak. Knightage Knight"age (?), n. To body of knights, taken collectively. Knight bachelor Knight" bach"e*lor (?); pl. Knights bachelors (. A knight of the most ancient, but lowest, order of English knights, and not a member of any order of chivalry. See Bachelor, 4. Knight banneret Knight" ban"ner*et (?); pl. Knights bannerets. A knight who carried a banner, who possessed fiefs to a greater amount than the knight bachelor, and who was obliged to serve in war with a greater number of attendants. The dignity was sometimes conferred by the sovereign in person on the field of battle. Knight baro-net Knight" bar"o-net (?). See Baronet. Knight-errant Knight"-er`rant (?), n.; pl. Knight-errants, or Knights-errant. A wandering knight; a knight who traveled in search of adventures, for the purpose of exhibiting military skill, prowess, and generosity. Knight-errantry Knight"-er`rant*ry (?), n.; pl. Knight-errantries (. The character or actions of wandering knights; the practice of wandering in quest of adventures; chivalry; a quixotic or romantic adventure or scheme. <-- # in original, the "pl." mark is absent, and is added for consistency with other entries. --> The rigid guardian [i. e., conscience] of a blameless heart Is weak with rank knight-erratries o'errun. Young. Knight-er-ratic Knight"-er-rat"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a knight-errant or to knight-errantry. [R.] Quart. Rev. Knighthead Knight"head` (?), n. (Naut.) A bollard timber. See under Bollard. Knighthood Knight"hood (?), n. [Knight + hood: cf. AS. chihth\'bed youth.] 1. The character, dignity, or condition of a knight, or of knights as a class; hence, chivalry. "O shame to knighthood." Shak. If you needs must write, write C\'91sar's praise; You 'll gain at least a knighthood, or the bays. Pope. 2. The whole body of knights. The knighthood nowadays are nothing like the knighthood of old time. Chapman. NOTE: &hand; "W hen the order of knighthood was conferred with full solemnity in the leisure of a court or court or city, imposing preliminary ceremonies were required of the candidate. He prepared himself by prayer and fasting, watched his arms at night in a chapel, and was then admitted with the performance of religious rites. Knighthood was conferred by the accolade, which, from the derivation of the name, would appear to have been originally an embrace; but afterward consisted, as it still does, in a blow of the flat of a sword on the back of the kneeling candidate." Brande & C. Knightless Knight"less, a. Unbecoming a knight. [Obs.] "Knightless guile." Spenser. Knightliness Knight"li*ness (?), n. The character or bearing suitable for a knight; chivalry. Spenser. Knightly Knight`ly, a. [AS. cnihtlic boyish.] Of or pertaining to a knight; becoming a knight; chivalrous; as, a knightly combat; a knightly spirit. For knightly jousts and fierce encounters fit. Spenser. [Excuses] full knightly without scorn. Tennyson. Knightly Knight"ly, adv. In a manner becoming a knight. And why thou comest thus knightly clad in arms. Shak. Knight marshal Knight" mar"shal (?). (Eng. Law) An officer in the household of the British sovereign, who has cognizance of transgressions within the royal household and verge, and of contracts made there, a member of the household being one of the parties. Wharton. Knight service Knight" serv"ice (?). (Eng. Feud. Law) A tenure of lands held by knights on condition of performing military service. See Chivalry, n., 4. Knight Templar Knight" Tem"plar (?); pl. Knights Templars (. See Commandery, n., 3, and also Templar, n., 1 and 3. Knit Knit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knit or Knitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Knitting.] [OE. knitten, knutten, As. cnyttan, fr. cnotta knot; akin to Icel. kn, Sw. knyta, Dan. knytte. See Knot.] 1. To form into a knot, or into knots; to tie together, as cord; to fasten by tying. A great sheet knit at the four corners. Acts x. 11. When your head did but ache, I knit my handkercher about your brows. Shak. 2. To form, as a textile fabric, by the interlacing of yarn or thread in a series of connected loops, by means of needles, either by hand or by machinery; as, to knit stockings. 3. To join; to cause to grow together. Nature can not knit the bones while the parts are under a discharge. Wiseman. 4. To unite closely; to connect; to engage; as, hearts knit together in love. Thy merit hath my duty strongly knit. Shak. Come , knit hands, and beat the ground, In a light fantastic round. Milton. A link among the days, toknit The generations each to each. Tennyson. 5. To draw together; to contract into wrinkles. knits his brow and shows an angry eye. Shak. Knit Knit, v. i. 1. To form a fabric by interlacing yarn or thread; to weave by making knots or loops. 2. To be united closely; to grow together; as, broken bones will in time knit and become sound. To knit up, to wind up; to conclude; to come to a close. "It remaineth to knit up briefly with the nature and compass of the seas." [Obs.] Holland. Knit Knit, n. Union knitting; texture. Shak. Knitback Knit"back` (?), n. (Bot.) The plant comfrey; -- so called from its use as a restorative. Dr. Prier. Knitch, Knitchet Knitch (?), Knitch"et (?), n. [Cf. Knit.] A number of things tied or knit together; a bundle; a fagot. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. When they [stems of asphodel] be dried, they ought to be made up into knitchets, or handfuls. Holland. Knits Knits (?), n. pl. [Prob. same word as nit a louse's egg.] (Mining) Small particles of ore. Raymond. Knitster Knit"ster (?), n. A woman who knits. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Knitter Knit"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, knits, joins, or unites; a knitting machine. Shak. Knitting Knit"ting (?), n. 1. The work of a knitter; the network formed by knitting. 2. Union formed by knitting, as of bones. Knitting machine, one of a number of contrivances for mechanically knitting stockings, jerseys, and the like. -- Knitting , a stiff rod, as of steel wire, with rounded ends for knitting yarn or threads into a fabric, as in stockings. -- Knitting sheath, a sheath to receive the end of a needle in knitting. Knittle Knit"tle (?), n. [From Knit.] 1. A string that draws together a purse or bag. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 2. pl. (Naut.) See Nettles. Knives Knives (?), n. pl. of Knife. See Knife. Knob Knob (?), n. [A modification of knop. Cf. Nob.] 1. A hard protuberance; a hard swelling or rising; a bunch; a lump; as, a knob in the flesh, or on a bone. 2. A knoblike ornament or handle; as, the knob of a lock, door, or drawer. Chaucer. 3. A rounded hill or mountain; as, the Pilot Knob. [U. S.] Bartlett. 4. (Arch.) See Knop. Knob latch, a latch which can be operated by turning a knob, without using a key. Knob Knob, v. i. To grow into knobs or bunches; to become knobbed. [Obs.] Drant. Knobbed Knobbed (?), a. Containing knobs; full of knobs; ending in a nob. See Illust of Antenna. The horns of a roe deer of Greenland are pointed at the top, and knobbed or tuberous at the bottom. Grew. Knobber Knob"ber (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Knobbler. Knobbing Knob"bing (?), n. (Stone Quarrying) Rough dressing by knocking off knobs or projections. Knobbler Knob"bler, n. (Zo\'94l.) The hart in its second year; a young deer. [Written also knobber.] Halliwell. He has hallooed the hounds upon a velvet-headed knobbler. Sir W. Scott. Knobbling fire Knob"bling fire (?). A bloomery fire. See Bloomery. Knobby Knob"by, a. [From Knob.] 1. Full of, or covered with, knobs or hard protuberances. Dr. H. More. 2. Irregular; stubborn in particulars. [Obs.] The informers continued in a knobby kind of obstinacy. Howell. 3. Abounding in rounded hills or mountains; hilly. [U.S.] Bartlett. Knobstick Knob"stick` (?), n. One who refuses to join, or withdraws from, a trades union. [Cant, Eng.] Knock Knock (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Knocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Knocking.] [OE. knoken, AS. cnocian, cnucian; prob. of imitative origin; cf. Sw. knacka.Cf. Knack.] 1. To drive or be driven against something; to strike against something; to clash; as, one heavy body knocks against another. Bacon. 2. To strike or beat with something hard or heavy; to rap; as, to knock with a club; to knock on the door. For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden. Seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you. Matt. vii. 7. To knock about, to go about, taking knocks or rough usage; to wander about; to saunter. [Colloq.] "Knocking about town." W. Irving. -- To knock up, to fail of strength; to become wearied or worn out, as with labor; to give out. "The horses were beginning to knock up under the fatigue of such severe service." De Quincey.<-- (b) to make pregnant (vulgar) --> -- To knock off, to cease, as from work; to desist. -- To knock under, to yield; to submit; to acknowledge one's self conquered; -- an expression probably borrowed from the practice of knocking under the table with the knuckles, when conquered. "Colonel Esmond knocked under to his fate." Thackeray. Knock Knock (?), v. t. 1. To strike with something hard or heavy; to move by striking; to drive (a thing) against something; as, to knock a ball with a bat; to knock the head against a post; to knock a lamp off the table. When heroes knock their knotty heads together. Rowe. 2. To strike for admittance; to rap upon, as a door. Master, knock the door hard. Shak. To knock down. (a) To strike down; to fell; to prostrate by a blow or by blows; as, to knock down an assailant. (b) To assign to a bidder at an auction, by a blow or knock; to knock off. -- To knock in the head, OR on the head, to stun or kill by a blow upon the head; hence, to put am end to; to defeat, as a scheme or project; to frustrate; to quash. [Colloq.] -- To knock off. (a) To force off by a blow or by beating. (b) To assign to a bidder at an auction, by a blow on the counter. (c) To leave off (work, etc.). [Colloq.] -- To knock out, to force out by a blow or by blows; as, to knock out the brains. -- To knock up. (a) To arouse by knocking. (b) To beat or tire out; to fatigue till unable to do more; as, the men were entirely knocked up. [Colloq.] "The day being exceedingly hot, the want of food had knocked up my followers." Petherick. (c) (Bookbinding) To make even at the edges, or to shape into book form, as printed sheets.<-- (d) To make pregnant. [vulgar: Often used in passive, "she got knocked up"] --> <-- [MW10]: Knock off (a) v. i. and t. to quit (working). (b) accomplish, frequently used when the task is accomplished rapidly. (c) (Coll.) to kill; to defeat (opponents). (d) to discount, to deduct (a sum from a price). (d) rob. (also "knock over") (e) to make a knockoff of; copy, imitate.--> Knock Knock, n. 1. A blow; a stroke with something hard or heavy; a jar. 2. A stroke, as on a door for admittance; a rap. " A knock at the door." Longfellow. A loud cry or some great knock. Holland. Knock off, a device in a knitting machine to remove loops from the needles. Knockdown Knock"down` (?), n. A felling by a knock, as of a combatant, or of an animal. Knockdown Knock"down`, a. Of force sufficient to fell or completely overthrow; as, a knockdown blow; a knockdown argument. [Colloq.] Knocker Knock"er (?), n. One who, or that which, knocks; specifically, an instrument, or kind of hammer, fastened to a door, to be used in seeking for admittance. Shut, shut the door, good John ! fatigued, <-I said; Tie up the knocker; say I'm sick, I'm dead. Pope. Knocking Knock"ing, n. A beating; a rap; a series of raps. The . . . repeated knockings of the head upon the ground by the Chinese worshiper. H. Spencer. Knockings Knock"ings (?), n. pl. (Mining) Large lumps picked out of the sieve, in dressing ore. Knock-knee Knock"-knee` (?), n. (Med.) A condition in which the knees are bent in so as to touch each other in walking; inknee. Knock-kneed Knock"-kneed` (?), a. Having the legs bent inward so that the knees touch in walking. [Written also knack-kneed.] <-- knockoff. a cheap imitation of something popular, often produced illegally and of inferior materials. --> Knockstone Knock"stone` (?), n. (Mining) A block upon which ore is broken up. Knoll Knoll (?), n. [AS. cnoll; akin to G. knolle, knollen, clod, lump, knob, bunch, OD. knolle ball, bunch, Sw. kn\'94l, Dan. knold.] A little round hill; a mound; a small elevation of earth; the top or crown of a hill. On knoll or hillock rears his crest, Lonely and huge, the giant oak. Sir W. Scott. Knoll Knoll (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Knolling.] [OE. knollen, AS. cnyllan. See Knell.] To ring, as a bell; to strike a knell upon; to toll; to proclaim, or summon, by ringing. "Knolled to church." Shak. Heavy clocks knolling the drowsy hours. Tennyson. Knoll Knoll, v. i. To sound, as a bell; to knell. Shak. For a departed being's soul The death hymn peals, and the hollow bells knoll. Byron. Knoll Knoll, n. The tolling of a bell; a knell. [R.] Byron. Knoller Knoll"er, n. One who tolls a bell. [Obs.] Sherwood. Knop Knop (?), n. [OE. knop, knoppe; cf. D.knop, knoop, G. knopf, Dan. knap, knop, Sw. knapp, knopp, button, bud, Icel. knappr, and E. knap, n. Cf. Knap, Knob.] 1. A knob; a bud; a bunch; a button. Four bowls made like unto almonds, with their knops and their flowers. Ex. xxv. 21. 2. (Arch.) Any boldly projecting sculptured ornament; esp., the ornamental termination of a pinnacle, and then synonymous with finial; -- called also knob, and knosp. Knop sedge (Bot.), the bur reed (Sparganium); -- so called from its globular clusters of seed vessels. Prior. Knopped Knopped (?), a. Having knops or knobs; fastened as with buttons. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Knoppern Knop"pern (?), n. [Cf. G. knopper. See Knop.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of gall produced by a gallfly on the cup of an acorn, -- used in tanning and dyeing. Knopweed Knop"weed` (?), n. Same as Knapweed. Knor Knor (?), n. See Knur. [Obs.] Knosp Knosp (?), n. [Cf. G. knospe bud, E. knop, knar.] (Arch.) Same as Knop,2. Milman. Knot Knot (?), n. [OE. knot, knotte, AS. cnotta; akin to D. knot, OHG. chnodo, chnoto, G. knoten, Icel. kn, Sw. knut, Dan. knude, and perh. to L. nodus. Cf. Knout, Knit.] 1. (a) A fastening together of the pars or ends of one or more threads, cords, ropes, etc., by any one of various ways of tying or entangling. (b) A lump or loop formed in a thread, cord, rope. etc., as at the end, by tying or interweaving it upon itself. (c) An ornamental tie, as of a ribbon. NOTE: &hand; Th e na mes of kn ots vary according to the manner of their making, or the use for which they are intended; as, dowknot, reef knot, stopper knot, diamond knot, etc. 2. A bond of union; a connection; a tie. "With nuptial knot." Shak. Ere we knit the knot that can never be loosed. Bp. Hall. 3. Something not easily solved; an intricacy; a difficulty; a perplexity; a problem. Knots worthy of solution. Cowper. A man shall be perplexed with knots, and problems of business, and contrary affairs. South. 4. A figure the lines of which are interlaced or intricately interwoven, as in embroidery, gardening, etc. "Garden knots." Bacon. Flowers worthy of paradise, which, not nice art In beds and curious knots, but nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain. Milton. 5. A cluster of persons or things; a collection; a group; a hand; a clique; as, a knot of politicians. "Knots of talk." Tennyson. His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak. Palms in cluster, knots of Paradise. Tennyson. As they sat together in small, separate knots, they discussed doctrinal and metaphysical points of belief. Sir W. Scott. 6. A portion of a branch of a tree that forms a mass of woody fiber running at an angle with the grain of the main stock and making a hard place in the timber. A loose knot is generally the remains of a dead branch of a tree covered by later woody growth. 7. A knob, lump, swelling, or protuberance. With lips serenely placid, felt the knot Climb in her throat. Tennyson. 8. A protuberant joint in a plant. 9. The point on which the action of a story depends; the gist of a matter. [Obs.] I shoulde to the knotte condescend, And maken of her walking soon an end. Chaucer. 10. (Mech.) See Node. 11. (Naut.) (a) A division of the log line, serving to measure the rate of the vessel's motion. Each knot on the line bears the same proportion to a mile that thirty seconds do to an hour. The number of knots which run off from the reel in half a minute, therefore, shows the number of miles the vessel sails in an hour. Hence: (b) A nautical mile, or 6080.27 feet; as, when a ship goes eight miles an hour, her speed is said to be eight knots. 12. A kind of epaulet. See Shoulder knot. 13. (Zo\'94l.) A sandpiper (Tringa canutus), found in the northern parts of all the continents, in summer. It is grayish or ashy above, with the rump and upper tail coverts white, barred with dusky. The lower parts are pale brown, with the flanks and under tail coverts white. When fat it is prized by epicures. Called also dunne. NOTE: &hand; Th e name is said to be derived from King Canute, this bird being a favorite article of food with him. The knot that called was Canutus' bird of old, Of that great king of Danes his name that still doth hold, His appetite to please that far and near was sought. Drayton. Knot Knot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Knotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Knotting.] 1. To tie in or with, or form into, a knot or knots; to form a knot on, as a rope; to entangle. "Knotted curls." Drayton. As tight as I could knot the noose. Tennyson. 2. To unite closely; to knit together. Bacon. 3. To entangle or perplex; to puzzle. [Obs. or R.] Knot Knot, v. i. 1. To form knots or joints, as in a cord, a plant, etc.; to become entangled. Cut hay when it begins to knot. Mortimer. 2. To knit knots for fringe or trimming. 3. To copulate; -- said of toads. [R.] Shak. Knotberry Knot"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The cloudberry (Rudus Cham\'91morus); -- so called from its knotted stems. Knotgrass Knot"grass` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) a common weed with jointed stems (Polygonum aviculare); knotweed. (b) The dog grass. See under Dog. NOTE: &hand; An in fusion of Polygonum aviculare was once supposed to have the effect of stopping the growth of an animal, and hence it was called, as by Shakespeare, "hindering knotgrass." We want a boy extremely for this function, Kept under for a year with milk and knotgrass. Beau. & Fl. Knotless Knot"less, a. Free from knots; without knots. "Silver firs with knotless trunks." Congreve. Knotted Knot"ted (?), a. 1. Full of knots; having knots knurled; as, a knotted cord; the knotted oak. Dryden. 2. Interwoven; matted; entangled. Make . . . thy knotted and combined locks to part. Shak. 3. Having intersecting lines or figures. The west corner of thy curious knotted garden. Shak. 4. (Geol.) Characterized by small, detached points, chiefly composed of mica, less decomposable than the mass of the rock, and forming knots in relief on the weathered surface; as, knotted rocks. Percival. 5. Entangled; puzzling; knotty. [R.] They're catched in knotted lawlike nets. Hudibras. Knottiness Knot"ti*ness (?), n. [From Knotty.] 1. The quality or state of being knotty or full of knots. 2. Difficulty of solution; intricacy; complication. " Knottiness of his style." Hare. Knotty Knot"ty (?), a. [Compar. Knottier (?); superl. Knottiest.] 1. Full of knots; knotted; having many knots; as, knotty timber; a knotty rope. 2. Hard; rugged; as, a knotty head.[R.] Rewe. 3. Difficult; intricate; perplexed. A knotty point to which we now proceed Pope. Knotweed Knot"weed" (?), n. (Bot.) See Knot. Knotwort Knot"wort (?), n. (Bot.) A small, herbaceous, trailing plant, of the genus Illecebrum (I. verticillatum.) Knout Knout (nout OR n??t), n. [Russ. knut'; prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. knut knot, knout, Icel. kn knot: cf. F. knout. See Knot.] A kind of whip for flogging criminals, formerly much used in Russia. The last is a tapering bundle of leather thongs twisted with wire and hardened, so that it mangles the flesh. Knout Knout, v. t. To punish with the knout Brougham. Know Know (?), n. Knee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Know Know (?), v. t. [imp. Knew (?); p. p. Known (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Knowing.] [OE. knowen, knawen, AS. cn\'84wan; akin to OHG. chn\'84an (in comp.), Icel. kn\'84 to be able, Russ, znate to know, L. gnoscere, noscere, Gr. jn; fr. the root of E. can, v. i., ken. (Ken, Can to be able, and cf. Acquaint, Cognition, Gnome, Ignore, Noble, Note.] 1. To perceive or apprehend clearly and certainly; to understand; to have full information of; as, to know one's duty. O, that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come! Shak. There is a certainty in the proposition, and we know it. Dryden. Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow. 2. To be convinced of the truth of; to be fully assured of; as, to know things from information. 3. To be acquainted with; to be no stranger to; to be more or less familiar with the person, character, etc., of; to possess experience of; as, to know an author; to know the rules of an organization. He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. 21. Not to know me argues yourselves unknown. Milton. 4. To recognize; to distinguish; to discern the character of; as, to know a person's face or figure. Ye shall know them by their fruits. Matt. vil. 16. And their eyes were opened, and they knew him. Luke xxiv. 31. To know Faithful friend from flattering foe. Shak. At nearer view he thought he knew the dead. Flatman. 5. To have sexual commerce with. And Adam knew Eve his wife. Gen. iv. 1. NOTE: &hand; Kn ow is of ten fo llowed by an ob jective an d an infinitive (with or without to) or a participle, a dependent sentence, etc. And I knew that thou hearest me always. John xi. 42. The monk he instantly knew to be the prior. Sir W. Scott. In other hands I have known money do good. Dickens. To know how, to understand the manner, way, or means; to have requisite information, intelligence, or sagacity. How is sometimes omitted. " If we fear to die, or know not to be patient." Jer. Taylor. Know Know, v. i. 1. To have knowledge; to have a clear and certain perception; to possess wisdom, instruction, or information; -- often with of. Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider. Is. i. 3. If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself. John vii. 17. The peasant folklore of Europe still knows of willows that bleed and weep and speak when hewn. Tylor. 2. To be assured; to feel confident. To know of,to ask, to inquire. [Obs.] " Know of your youth, examine well your blood." Shak. Knowable Know"a*ble (?), a. That may be known; capable of being discovered, understood, or ascertained. Thus mind and matter, as known or knowable, are only two different series of phenomena or qualities. Sir W. Hamilton. Knowa bleness Know"a* ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being knowable. Locke. Know-all Know"-all` (?), n. One who knows everything; hence, one who makes pretension to great knowledge; a wiseacre; -- usually ironical. [Colloq. or R.]<-- = know-it-all --> Knower Know"er (?), n. One who knows. Shak. Knowing Know"ing, a. 1. Skilful; well informed; intelligent; as, a knowing man; a knowing dog. The knowing and intelligent part of the world. South. 2. Artful; cunning; as, a knowing rascal. [Colloq.] Knowing Know"ing, n. Knowledge; hence, experience. " In my knowing." Shak. This sore night Hath trifled former knowings. Shak. Knowingly Know"ing*ly, adv. 1. With knowledge; in a knowing manner; intelligently; consciously; deliberately; as, he would not knowingly offend. Strype. 2. By experience. [Obs.] Shak. Knowingness Know"ing*ness, n. The state or quality of being knowing or intelligent; shrewdness; skillfulness. Knowleche Knowl"eche (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Knowl, edge. We consider and knowleche that we have offended. Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 819 Knowleching Knowl"ech*ing (?), n. Knowledge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Knowledge Knowl"edge (?), n. [OE. knowlage, knowlege, knowleche, knawleche. The last part is the Icel. suffix -leikr, forming abstract nouns, orig. the same as Icel. leikr game, play, sport, akin to AS. l\'bec, Goth. laiks dance. See Know, and cf. Lake, v. i., Lark a frolic.] 1. The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition. Knowledge, which is the highest degree of the speculative faculties, consists in the perception of the truth of affirmative or negative propositions. Locke. 2. That which is or may be known; the object of an act of knowing; a cognition; -- chiefly used in the plural. There is a great difference in the delivery of the mathematics, which are the most abstracted of knowledges. Bacon. Knowledges is a term in frequent use by Bacon, and, though now obsolete, should be revived, as without it we are compelled to borrow "cognitions" to express its import. Sir W. Hamilton. To use a word of Bacon's, now unfortunately obsolete, we must determine the relative value of knowledges. H. Spencer. 3. That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction; acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition. Knowledge puffeth up, but charity edifieth. 1 Cor. viii. 1. Ignorance is the curse of God; - Knowledge, the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Shak. 4. That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical skill; as, a knowledge of life. Shipmen that had knowledge of the sea. 1 Kings ix. 27. 5. Scope of information; cognizance; notice; as, it has not come to my knowledge. Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou shouldst take knowledge of me? Ruth ii. 10. 6. Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by carnal; as, carnal knowledge. Syn. -- See Wisdom. Knowledge Knowl"edge, v. t. To acknowledge. [Obs.] "Sinners which knowledge their sins." Tyndale. Known Known (?), p. p. of Know. Know-nothing Know"-noth`ing (?), n. A member of a secret political organization in the United States, the chief objects of which were the proscription of foreigners by the repeal of the naturalization laws, and the exclusive choice of native Americans for office. NOTE: &hand; Th e pa rty or iginated in 1853, and existed for about three years. The members of it were called Know-nothings, because they replied "I don't know," to any questions asked them in reference to the party. Know-nothingism Know"-noth`ing*ism (?), n. The doctrines, principles, or practices, of the Know-nothings. Knubs Knubs (?), n. pl. Waste silk formed in winding off the threads from a cocoon. Knuckle Knuc"kle (?), n. [OE. knokel, knokil, AS. cuncel; akin to D. knokkel, OFries. knokele, knokle, G. kn\'94chel, Sw. knoge, Dan. knokkel, G. knochen bone, and perh. to E. knock.] 1. The joint of a finger, particularly when made prominent by the closing of the fingers. Davenant. 2. The kneejoint, or middle joint, of either leg of a quadruped, especially of a calf; -- formerly used of the kneejoint of a human being. With weary knuckles on thy brim she kneeled sadly down. Golding. 3. The joint of a plant. [Obs.] Bacon. 4. (Mech.) The joining pars of a hinge through which the pin or rivet passes; a knuckle joint. 5. (Shipbuilding) A convex portion of a vessel's figure where a sudden change of shape occurs, as in a canal boat, where a nearly vertical side joins a nearly flat bottom. 6. A contrivance, usually of brass or iron, and furnished with points, worn to protect the hand, to add force to a blow, and to disfigure the person struck; as, brass knuckles; -- called also knuckle duster. [Slang.] Knuckle joint (Mach.), a hinge joint, in which a projection with an eye, on one piece, enters a jaw between two corresponding projections with eyes, on another piece, and is retained by a pin which passes through the eyes and forms the pivot. -- Knuckle of veal (Cookery), the lower part of a leg of veal, from the line of the body to the knuckle. Knuckle Knuc"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Knuckled (?);; p. pr. & vb. n. Knuckling (?).] To yield; to submit; -- used with down, to, or under. To knuckle to. (a) To submit to in a contest; to yield to. [Colloq.] See To knock under, under Knock, v. i. (b) To apply one's self vigorously or earnestly to; as, to knuckle to work. [Colloq.] Knuckle Knuc"kle, v. t. To beat with the knuckles; to pommel. [R.] Horace Smith. Knuckled Knuc"kled (?), a. Jointed. [Obs.] Bacon. Knuff Knuff (?), n. [Cf. Cnof a churl.] A lout; a clown. [Obs.] The country knuffs, Hob, Dick, and Hick, With clubs and clouted shoon. Hayward. Knur Knur, n. [See Knurl.] A knurl. Woodward. Knurl Knurl (?), n. [See Knar, Gnar.] A contorted knot in wood; a crossgrained protuberance; a nodule; a boss or projection. 2. One who, or that which, is crossgrained. Knurl Knurl (?), v. t. To provide with ridges, to assist the grasp, as in the edge of a flat knob, or coin; to mill. Knurled Knurled (?), a. 1. Full of knots; gnarled. 2. Milled, as the head of a screw, or the edge of a coin. Knurly Knurl"y (?), [Compar. Knurlier (; superl. Knurliest.] [See Knur, and cf. Gnarly.] Full of knots; hard; tough; hence, capable of enduring or resisting much. Knurry Knur"ry (?), a. Full of knots. [Obs.] Drayton. Koaita Ko*ai"ta (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Coaita. Koala Ko*a"la (?), n. A tailless marsupial (Phascolarctos cinereus), found in Australia. The female carries her young on the back of her neck. Called also Australian bear, native bear, and native sloth. <-- and koala bear. --> Kob, Koba Kob (?), Ko"ba (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of African antelopes of the genus Kobus, esp. the species Kobus sing-sing. Kobalt Ko"balt (?), n. See Cobalt. Kobellite Ko"bel*lite, n. [From Franz von Kobell, of Munich.] (Min.) A blackish gray mineral, a sulphide of antimony, bismuth, and lead. Kobold Ko"bold (?), n. [G., perh. orig., house god, hose protector. See Cobalt] A kind of domestic spirit in German mythology, corresponding to the Scottish brownie and the English Robin Goodfellow. Kodak Ko"dak (?), n. A kind of portable camera. Koel Ko"el (?), n. [Native name in India.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of cuckoos of the genus Eudynamys, found in India, the East Indies, and Australia. They deposit their eggs in the nests of other birds. Koff Koff (?), n. [D. kof.] A two-masted Dutch vessel. Kohinoor, Kohnur Koh`i*noor", Koh`*nur (?), n. [Per. koh-i-n, lit., mountain of light.] A famous diamond, surrendered to the British crown on the annexation of the Punjab. According to Hindoo legends, it was found in a Golconda mine, and has been the property of various Hindoo and Persian rulers. Kohl Kohl (?), n. [See Alcohol.] A mixture of soot and other ingredients, used by Egyptian and other Eastern women to darken the edges of the eyelids. Kohl-rabi Kohl"-ra`bi (?), n.; pl. Kohl-rabies (#). [G. Cf. Cole, Rape the plant.] (Bot.) A variety of cabbage, in which the edible part is a large, turnip-shaped swelling of the stem, above the surface of the ground. Kokama Ko*ka"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gemsbok. Koklass Ko"klass (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any pheasant of the genus Pucrasia. The birds of this genus inhabit India and China, and are distinguished by having a long central and two lateral crests on the head. Called also pucras. Kokoon Ko*koon" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gnu. Kolarian Ko*la"ri*an (?), n. (Ethnol.) An individual of one of the races of aboriginal inhabitants which survive in Hindostan. -- a. Of or pertaining to the Kolarians. Komenic Ko*me"nic (?), a. [Prob. G. mekonin (by transposition of letters) + -ic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from meconic acid. [Written also comenic.] Komtok Kom"tok (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An African freshwater fish (Protopterus annectens), belonging to the Dipnoi. It can breathe air by means of its lungs, and when waters dry up, it encases itself in a nest of hard mud, where it remains till the rainy season. It is used as food. Kon Kon (?), v. t. To know. See Can, and Con. [Obs.] Ye konnen thereon as much as any man. Chaucer. Konite Ko"nite (?), n. (Min.) See Conite. Konze Konze (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large African antelope (Alcelaphus Lichtensteini), allied to the hartbeest, but having shorter and flatter horns, and lacking a black patch on the face. Koodoo Koo"doo (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope (Strepsiceros kudu). The males have graceful spiral horns, sometimes four feet long. The general color is reddish or grayish brown, with eight or nine white bands on each side, and a pale dorsal stripe. The old males become dark bluish gray, due to the skin showing through the hair. The females are hornless. Called also nellut. [Written also kudu.] Kookoom Koo"koom (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The oryx or gemsbok. [Written also kookaam.] Koolokamba Koo`lo*kam"ba (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A west African anthropoid ape (Troglodytes koolokamba, or T. Aubryi), allied to the chimpanzee and gorilla, and, in some respects, intermediate between them. Koolslaa Kool"slaa` (?), n. See Coleslaw. Koord Koord (?), n. See Kurd. Koordish Koord"ish, n. See Kurdish. Koorilian Koo*ril"i*an (?), a & n. Same as Kurilian. Kopeck Ko"peck (?), n. [Russ. kopeika.] A small Russian coin. One hundred kopecks make a rouble, worth about sixty cents<-- in 1910, but three hundredths of a cent at the end of 1994. By 1992, obsolete and no longer minted. -->. [Written also kopek, copec, and copeck.] Koran Ko"ran (?; 277), n. [Ar. gor\'ben. See Alcoran.] The Scriptures of the Mohammedans, containing the professed revelations to Mohammed; -- called also Alcoran. [Written also Kuran or Quran.] Korin Ko"rin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gazelle. Korrigum Kor"ri*gum (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope (Damalis Senegalensis), allied to the sassaby. It is reddish gray, with a black face, and a black stripe on the outside of the legs above the knees. Kosmos Kos"mos (?), n. See Cosmos. Gladstone. Kotow Ko*tow" (?), n. [Chinese, knock head.] The prostration made by mandarins and others to their superiors, either as homage or worship, by knocking the forehead on the ground. There are degrees in the rite, the highest being expressed by three knockings. [China]<-- now now kowtow --> S. W. Williams. Kotow Ko*tow", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kotowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kotowing.] To perform the kotow.<-- now kowtow --> Koulan Kou"lan (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A wild horse (Equus, or Asinus, onager) inhabiting the plants of Central Asia; -- called also gour, khur, and onager. [Written also kulan.] NOTE: &hand; It is so metimes co nfounded wi th the dziggetai, to which it is closely related. It is gray in winter, but fulvous in summer. It has a well defined, dark, dorsal stripe, and a short, erect mane. In size, it is intermediate between the horse and ass. Koumiss Kou"miss (?), n. [Russ. kumys; of Mongolian origin.] An intoxicating fermented or distilled liquor originally made by the Tartars from mare's or camel's milk. It can be obtained from any kind of milk, and is now largely made in Europe. [Written also koumyss, kumiss, kumish, and kumys.] Koumiss has from time immemorial served the Tartar instead of wine or spirits. J. H. Newman. Kousso Kous"so (?), n. (Bot.) An Abyssinian rosaceous tree (Brayera anthelmintica), the flowers of which are used as a vermifuge. [Written also cusso and kosso.] Kowtow Kow*tow" (?), n. & v. i. The same as Kotow. I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James. Kra Kra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A long-tailed ape (Macacus cynomolgus) of India and Sumatra. It is reddish olive, spotted with black, and has a black tail. Kraal Kraal (?; 277), n. [D., a village, inclosure, park, prob. fr. Pg. curral a cattle pen; the same word as Sp. corral. See Corral.] 1. A collection of huts within a stockade; a village; sometimes, a single hut. [South Africa] 2. An inclosure into which are driven wild elephants which are to be tamed and educated. [Ceylon] Krait Krait (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A very venomous snake of India (Bungarus c\'d2ruleus), allied to the cobra. Its upper parts are bluish or brownish black, often with narrow white streaks; the belly is whitish. Kraken Kra"ken (?), n. [Prob. from OSw. krake, or ODan. krage the trunk of a tree, the branches of which are not entirely cut off, to which it was likened by the Norwegian mariners.] A fabulous Scandinavian sea monster, often represented as resembling an island, but sometimes as resembling an immense octopus. To believe all that has been said of the sea serpent or kraken, would be credulity; to reject the possibility of their existence, would be presumption. Goldsmith. Like a kraken huge and black. Longfellow. Krakowiak Kra*ko"wi*ak (?), n. (Mus.) A lively Polish dance. See Cracovienne. Krameria Kra*me"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So called after the German botanists, J. G. H. & W. H. Kramer.] (Bot.) A genus of spreading shrubs with many stems, from one species of which (K. triandra), found in Peru, rhatany root, used as a medicine, is obtained. Krameric Kra*mer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, Krameria (rhatany); as, krameric acid, usually called ratanhia-tannic acid. Krang Krang (?), n. [Cf. D. kreng a carcass.] The carcass of a whale after the blubber has been removed. [Written also crang and kreng.] Kranging hook Krang"ing hook` (?). (Whaling) A hook for holding the blubber while cutting it away. [Written also cranging hook.] Kreatic Kre*at"ic (?), a. See Creatic. Kreatin Kre"a*tin (?), n. (Chem.) See Creatin. Kreatinin Kre*at"i*nin (?), n. (Chem.) See Creatinin. Kreel Kreel (?), n.See Creel. Kremlin Krem"lin (?), n. [Russ. kremle.] The citadel of a town or city; especially, the citadel of Moscow, a large inclosure which contains imperial palaces, cathedrals, churches, an arsenal, etc. [Russia] <-- (metaphorically) the government of Russia (or, 1920-1992, of the Soviet Union) --> Krems Krems (?), n. A variety of white lead. See Krems lead, under Lead, n. Kreng Kreng (?), n. See Krang. Kreosote Kre"o*sote (?), n. See Creosote. Kreutzer Kreut"zer (?), n. [G. kreuzer.] A small copper coin formerly used in South Germany; also, a small Austrian copper coin. [Written also kreuzer.] Kriegsspiel Kriegs"spiel` (, n. [G., fr. krieg war + spiel play.] A game of war, played for practice, on maps. Farrow. Kris Kris (?), n. A Malay dagger. See Creese. Krishna Krish"na (, n. [Skr. (Hindoo Myth.) The most popular of the Hindoo divinities, usually held to be the eighth incarnation of the god Vishnu. _________________________________________________________________ Page 820 Kritarchy Kri"tarch*y (?), n. [Gr. The rule of the judges over Israel. Samson, Jephthah, Gideon, and other heroes of the kritarchy. Southey. Krokidolite Kro*kid"o*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Crocidolite. Krone Kro"ne (?), n.[Dan.] A coin of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, of the value of about twenty-eight cents. See Crown, n., 9. Krooman Kroo"man (?), n.; pl. Kroomen (. One of a negro tribe of Liberia and the adjacent coast, whose members are much employed on shipboard. Kruller Krul"ler (?), n. See Cruller. Krummhorn, Krumhorn Krumm"horn`, Krum"horn` (?), n. [G. krummhorn horn.] (Mus.) (a) A reed instrument of music of the cornet kind, now obsolete (see Cornet, 1, a.) (b) A reed stop in the organ; -- sometimes called cremona. Krupp gun Krupp" gun" (?). A breech-loading steel cannon manufactured at the works of Friedrich Krupp, at Essen in Prussia. Guns of over eight-inch bore are made up of several concentric cylinders; those of a smaller size are forged solid. Knight. Kryolite Kry"o*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Cryolite. Ksar Ksar (?), n. See Czar. Kshatriya, Kshatruya Ksha"tri*ya (?), Ksha"tru*ya (?), n.[Skr. kshatriya one belonging to the military caste.] The military caste, the second of the four great Hindoo castes; also, a member of that caste. See Caste. [India] Kuda Ku"da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The East Indian tapir. See Tapir. Kudos Ku"dos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ky^dos glory.] Glory; fame; renown; praise. W. H. Russel. Kudos Ku"dos, v. t. To praise; to extol; to glorify. "Kudos'd egregiously." [R.] Southey. Kudu Ku"du (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Koodoo. Kufic Ku"fic (?), a. See Cufic. Kukang Ku*kang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [Native name.] The slow lemur. See Lemur. Kuklux Ku`klux" (?), n. The name adopted in the southern part of the United States by a secret political organization, active for several years after the close of the Civil War, and having for its aim the repression of the political power of the freedmen; -- called also Kuklux Klan.<-- also spelled Ku Klux Klan, also called the Klan. --> Kulan Ku"lan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Koulan. Kumish, Kumiss Ku"mish (?), Ku"miss (?), n. See Koumiss. Kummel Kum"mel (?), n. [G. k\'81mmel cumin, caraway seed, L. cuminum. Cf. Cumin.] A Russian and German liqueur, consisting of a sweetened spirit flavored with caraway seeds. Kumquat Kum"quat (?), n. [Chin. kin keu.] (Bot.) A small tree of the genus Citrus (C. Japonica) growing in China and Japan; also, its small acid, orange-colored fruit used for preserves. Kupfernickel Kup"fer*nick"el (?), n. [G. See Copper, and Nickel.] (Min.) Copper-nickel; niccolite. See Niccolite. Kurd Kurd (?), n.A native or inhabitant of a mountainous region of Western Asia belonging to the Turkish and Persian monarchies. [Written also Koord.]<-- parts of this group live in Turkey, Iran, and Iraq --> Kurdish Kurd"ish, a. Of or pertaining to the Kurds. [Written also Koordish.] Kurilian Ku*ril"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Kurile Islands, a chain of islands in the Pacific ocean, extending from the southern extremity of Kamschatka to Yesso. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of the Kurile Islands. [Written also Koorilian.] Kursaal Kur"saal` (?), n.[G.] A public hall or room, for the use of visitors at watering places and health resorts in Germany. Kusimanse Ku`si*man"se (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous animal (Crossarchus obscurus) of tropical Africa. It its allied to the civets. Called also kusimansel, and mangue. Kuskus Kus"kus (?), [Per. & Hind. khaskhas.] (Bot.) See Vetiver. Kussier Kus"si*er (?), n. (Mus.) A Turkish instrument of music, with a hollow body covered with skin, over which five strings are stretched. [Written also kussir.] Kutauss Ku*tauss" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The India civet (Viverra zibetha). Kutch Kutch (?), n. (Goldbeating) The packet of vellum leaves in which the gold is first beaten into thin sheets. Kutch Kutch, n. See Catechu. Ky Ky (?), n. pl. Kine. [Scot.] See Kee, Kie, and Kine. Kyaboca wood Ky`a*bo"ca wood` (?). (Bot.) (a) Amboyna wood. (b) Sandalwood (Santalum album). Kyannite Ky"an*nite (?), n. See Cyanite. Kyanize Ky"an*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kyanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kyanizing (?).] [From Mr. Kyan, the inventor of the process.] To render (wood) proof against decay by saturating with a solution of corrosive sublimate in open tanks, or under pressure. Kyanol Ky"a*nol (?), n. [See Cyanite.] (Chem.) (a) Aniline. [Obs.] (b) A base obtained from coal tar. Ure. Kyanophyll Ky*an"o*phyll (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Cyanophyll. Kyar Kyar (?), n. Cocoanut fiber, or the cordage made from it. See Coir. Kyaw Kyaw (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A daw. [Scot.] Kyd Kyd (?), p. p. of Kythe. Kydde Kyd"de (, imp. of Kythe, to show. [Obs.] Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Spenser erroneously uses kydst to mean "knowest." Kyke Kyke (?), v. i. [See 1st Kike.] To look steadfastly; to gaze. [Obs.] [Written also kike, keke.] This Nicholas sat ever gaping upright, As he had kyked on the newe moon. Chaucer. Kyley Ky"ley (?), n.A variety of the boomerang. Kyloes Ky"loes (?), n. pl. The cattle of the Hebrides, or of the Highlands. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Kymnel Kym"nel (?), n. See Kimnel. [Obs.] Chapman. Kymograph Ky"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring, and recording graphically, the pressure of the blood in any of the blood vessels of a living animal; -- called also kymographion. Kymographic Ky`mo*graph"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to a kymograph; as, a kymographic tracing. Kymric Kym"ric (?), a & n. See Cymric, a. & n. Kymry Kym"ry (?), n. See Cymry. Kynrede Kyn"rede (?), n. Kindred. [Obs.] Chaucer. Kynurenic Ky`nu*ren"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from the urine of dogs. By decomposition the acid yields a nitrogenous base (called kynurin) and carbonic acid. [Written also cynurenic.] Kyrie Kyr"i*e (?), n. See Kyrie eleison. Kyrie eleison Kyr"i*e e*lei"son (?). [Gr. ky`rie 'elei^son .] 1. (R. C. Ch.) Greek words, meaning "Lord, have mercy upon us," used in the Mass, the breviary offices, the litany of the saints, etc. Addis & Arnold. 2. The name given to the response to the Commandments, in the service of the Church of England and of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Kyrielle Kyr`i*elle (?), n. [Cf. F. kyrielle.] A litany beginning with the words. "Kyrie eleison." Shipley. Kyriolexy, Kyriology Kyr"i*o*lex`y (?), Kyr`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Curiologic.] The use of literal or simple expressions, as distinguished from the use of figurative or obscure ones. Krauth-Fleming. Kyriological Kyr`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [See Curiologic.] Serving to denote objects by conventional signs or alphabetical characters; as, the original Greek alphabet of sixteen letters was called kyriologic, because it represented the pure elementary sounds. See Curiologic. [Written also curiologic and kuriologic.] NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is also applied, as by Warburton, to those Egyptian hieroglyphics, in which a part is put conventionally for the whole, as in depicting a battle by two hands, one holding a shield and the other a bow. Kythe, Kithe Kythe, Kithe (?), v. t. [imp. Kydde, Kidde (k&icr;d"de); p. p. Kythed (?), Kid; p. pr. & vb. n. Kything.] [OE. kythen, kithen, cu, to make known, AS. c, fr. c known. Uncouth, Ca to be able, and cf. Kith.] To make known; to manifest; to show; to declare. [Obs: or Scot.] For gentle hearte kytheth gentilesse. Chaucer. Kythe Kythe, v. t. To come into view; to appear. [Scot.] It kythes bright . . . because all is dark around it. Sir W. Scott. Kytomiton Ky*tom"i*ton, n.[NL., from Gr. (Biol.) See Karyomiton. Kytoplasma Ky`to*plas"ma (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) See Karyoplasma. _________________________________________________________________ Page 821 L.