N N (?), the fourteenth letter of English alphabet, is a vocal consonent, and, in allusion to its mode of formation, is called the dentinasal or linguanasal consonent. Its commoner sound is that heard in ran, done; but when immediately followed in the same word by the sound of g hard or k (as in single, sink, conquer), it usually represents the same sound as the digraph ng in sing, bring, etc. This is a simple but related sound, and is called the gutturo-nasal consonent. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 243-246. The letter N came into English through the Latin and Greek from the Ph\'d2nician, which probably derived it from the Egyptian as the ultimate origin. It is etymologically most closely related to M. See M. N N, n. (Print.) A measure of space equal to half an M (or em); an en. Na Na (?), a. & adv. No, not. See No. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nab Nab (?), n. [Cf. Knap, Knop, Knob.] 1. The summit of an eminence. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. (Firearms) The cock of a gunlock. Knight. 3. (Locksmithing) The keeper, or box into which the lock is shot. Knight. Nab Nab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nabbing.] [Dan nappe, or Sw. nappa.] To catch or seize suddenly or unexpectedly. [Colloq.] Smollett. Nabit Na"bit (?), n. Pulverized sugar candy. Crabb. Nabk Nabk (?), n. [Ar. nabiqa,nibqa.] (Bot.) The edible berries of the Zizyphys Lotus, a tree of Northern Africa, and Southwestern Europe. [Written also nubk.] See Lotus (b), and Sadr. Nabob Na"bob (?), n. [Hind. naw\'beb, from Ar. naw\'beb, pl. of n\'be\'8bb a vicegerent, governor. Cf Nawab.] 1. A deputy or viceroy in India; a governor of a province of the ancient Mogul empire. 2. One who returns to Europe from the East with immense riches: hence, any man of great wealth. " A bilious old nabob." Macaulay. Nacarat Nac"a*rat (?), n. [F. nacarat, fr. Sp. or Pg. nacarado, fr. n\'a0car mother-of-pearl. See Nacre.] 1. A pale red color, with a cast of orange. Ure. 2. Fine linen or crape dyed of this color. Ure. Nacker Nack"er (?), n. See Nacre. Johnson. Nacre Na"cre (?), n. [F., cf. Sp. n\'a0cara, n\'a0car, It. nacchera, naccaro, LL. nacara, nacrum; of Oriental origin, cf. Ar. nak\'c6r hollowed.] (Zo\'94l.) A pearly substance which lines the interior of many shells, and is most perfect in the mother-of-pearl. [Written also nacker and naker.] See Pearl, and Mother-of-pearl. Nacre-ous Na"cre-ous (?), a. [See Nacre.] (Zo\'94l.) Consisting of, or resembling, nacre; pearly. Nad, Nadde Nad (?), Nad"de (?). [Contr. fr. ne hadde.] Had not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nadder Nad"der (?), n. [AS.n\'91dre. See Adder.] An adder. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nadir Na"dir (?), n. [F., Sp., & It. nadir; all fr. Ar. nas\'c6ru's samt nadir, prop., the point opposite the zenith (as samt), in which nas\'c6r means alike, corresponding to. Cf. Azimuth, Zenith.] 1. That point of the heavens, or lower hemisphere, directly opposite the zenith; the inferior pole of the horizon; the point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where we stand. 2. The lowest point; the time of greatest depression. The seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe. Hallam. Nadir of the sun (Astron.), the axis of the conical shadow projected by the earth. Crabb. N\'91nia N\'91"ni*a (?), n. See Nenia. N\'91ve N\'91ve (?), n. [L. naevus.] A n\'91vus. [Obs.] Dryden. N\'91void N\'91"void (?), a. [N\'91vus + -oid.] Resembling a n\'91vus or n\'91vi; as, n\'91void elephantiasis. Dunglison. N\'91vose N\'91"vose` (?), a. Spotted; frecled. Navus Na"vus (?), n.; pl.N\'91vi (-v\'c6). [L.] (Med.) A spot or mark on the skin of children when born; a birthmark; -- usually applied to vascular tumors, i. e., those consisting mainly of blood vessels, as dilated arteries, veins, or capillaries. Nag Nag (?), n. [OE. nagge, D. negge; akin to E. neigh.] 1. A small horse; a pony; hence, any horse. 2. A paramour; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak. Nag Nag, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Nagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nagging (?).] [Cf. Sw. nagga to nibble, peck, Dan. nage to gnaw, Icel. naga, gnaga, G. nagen, & E. gnaw.] To tease in a petty way; to scold habitually; to annoy; to fret pertinaciously. [Colloq.] "She never nagged." J. Ingelow. Nagging Nag"ging (?), a. Fault-finding; teasing; persistently annoying; as, a nagging toothache. [Colloq.] Naggy Nag"gy (?) a. Irritable; touchy. [Colloq.] Nagor Na"gor (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A West African gazelle (Gazella redunca). Nagyag-ite Nag"yag-ite (?), n. [So called from Nagyag, in Transylvania.] (Min.) A mineral of blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster, generally of a foliated massive structure; foliated tellurium. It is a telluride of lead and gold. Naiad Na"iad (?), n. [L. naias, -adis, na\'8bs, -idis, a water nymph, Gr na\'8bade. Cf. Naid.] 1. (Myth.) A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of a tribe (Naiades) of freshwater bivalves, including Unio, Anodonta, and numerous allied genera; a river mussel. 3. (Zo\'94l) One of a group of butterflies. See Nymph. 4. (Bot.) Any plant of the order Naiadace\'91, such as eelgrass, pondweed, etc. Naiant Na"iant (?), a. (Her.) See Natant. Crabb. Naid Na"id (?), n. [See Naiad.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small, fresh-water, ch\'91topod annelids of the tribe Naidina. They belong to the Oligoch\'91ta. Na\'8bf Na"\'8bf` (formerly , a. [F. na\'8bf. See Na\'8bve.] 1. Having a true natural luster without being cut; -- applied by jewelers to a precious stone. 2. Na\'8bve; as, a na\'8bf remark. London Spectator. Naik Na"ik (?), n. [Hind. n\'beyak.] A chief; a leader; a Sepoy corporal. Balfour (Cyc. of India). Nail Nail (?), n. [AS. n\'91gel, akin to D. nagel, OS nagal, G. nagel, Icel. nagl, nail (in sense 1), nagli nail (in sense 3), Sw. nagel nail (in senses 1 and 3), Dan. nagle, Goth. ganagljan to nail, Lith. nagas nail (in sense 1), Russ. nogote, L. unguis, Gr. nakha. 1. (Anat.) the horny scale of plate of epidermis at the end of the fingers and toes of man and many apes. His nayles like a briddes claws were. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Th e na ils ar e st rictly ho mologous wi th hoofs and claws. When compressed, curved, and pointed, they are called talons or claws, and the animal bearing them is said to be unguiculate; when they incase the extremities of the digits they are called hoofs, and the animal is ungulate. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain hemiptera. (b) The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks, and other allied birds. 3. A slender, pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, used for fastening pieces of wood or other material together, by being driven into or through them. NOTE: &hand; The different sorts of nails are named either from the use to which they are applied, from their shape, from their size, or from some other characteristic, as shingle, floor, ship-carpenters', and horseshoe nails, roseheads, diamonds, fourpenny, tenpenny (see Penny), chiselpointed, cut, wrought, or wire nails, etc. 4. A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the sixteenth of a yard. Nail ball (Ordnance), a round projectile with an iron bolt protruding to prevent it from turning in the gun. -- Nail plate, iron in plates from which cut nails are made. -- On the nail, in hand; on the spot; immediately; without delay or time of credit; as, to pay money on the nail. "You shall have ten thousand pounds on the nail." Beaconsfield. -- To hit the nail on the head, to hit most effectively; to do or say a thing in the right way. Nail Nail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nailing.] [AS. n\'91glian. See Nail, n.] 1. To fasten with a nail or nails; to close up or secure by means of nails; as, to nail boards to the beams. He is now dead, and nailed in his chest. Chaucer. 2. To stud or boss with nails, or as with nails. The rivets of your arms were nailed with gold. Dryden. 3. To fasten, as with a nail; to bind or hold, as to a bargain or to acquiescence in an argument or assertion; hence, to catch; to trap. When they came to talk of places in town, you saw at once how I nailed them. Goldsmith. 4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.] Crabb. To nail a lie OR an assertion, etc., to detect and expose it, so as to put a stop to its currency; -- an expression probably derived from the former practice of shopkeepers, who were accustomed to nail bad or counterfeit pieces of money to the counter. Nailbrush Nail"brush`, n. A brush for cleaning the nails. Nailer Nail"er (?), n. 1. One whose occupation is to make nails; a nail maker. 2. One who fastens with, or drives, nails. Naileress Nail"er*ess, n. A women who makes nailes. Nailery Nail"er*y (?), n.; pl. Naileries (. A manufactory where nails are made. Nail-headed Nail"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head like that of a nail; formed so as to resemble the head of a nail. Nail-headed characters, arrowheaded or cuneiform characters. See under Arrowheaded. -- Nail-headed molding (Arch.), an ornament consisting of a series of low four-sided pyramids resembling the heads of large nails; -- called also nail-head molding, or nail-head. It is the same as the simplest form of dogtooth. See Dogtooth. Nailless Nail"less, a. Without nails; having no nails. Nainsook Nain`sook" (?), n. [Nainsukh, a valley in Kaghan.] A thick sort of jaconet muslin, plain or striped, formerly made in India. Nais Na"is (?), n. [L., a naiad.] (Zo\'94l.) See Naiad. Naissant Nais`sant" (?), a. [F., p. pr. of na\'8ctre to be born, L. nasci.] (Her.) Same as Jessant. Na\'8bve Na"\'8bve` (?), a. [F. na\'8bf, fem. na\'8bve, fr. L. nativus innate, natural, native. See Native, and cf. Na\'8bf.] Having native or unaffected simplicity; ingenuous; artless; frank; as, na\'8bve manners; a na\'8bve person; na\'8bve and unsophisticated remarks. Na\'8bvely Na"\'8bve`ly (?), adv. In a na\'8bve manner. Na\'8bvet\'82 Na`\'8bve`t\'82" (?), n. [F. See Na\'8bve, and cf. Nativity.] Native simplicity; unaffected plainness or ingenuousness; artlessness. A story which pleases me by its na\'8bvet\'82 -- that is, by its unconscious ingenuousness. De Quincey. Na\'8bvety Na"\'8bve`ty (?), n. Na\'8bvet\'82. Carlyle. Nake Nake (?),v.t. To make naked. [Obs.] Chaucer. Come, be ready, nake your swords. Old Play. Naked Na"ked (?), a. [AS. nacod; akin to D. naakt, G. nackt, OHG. nacchot, nahhot, Icel. n\'94kvi, nakinn, Sw. naken, Dan. n\'94gen, Goth. naqa, Lith. n, Russ. nagii, L. nudus, Skr. nagna. &root;266. Cf. Nude.] 1. Having no clothes on; uncovered; nude; bare; as, a naked body; a naked limb; a naked sword. 2. Having no means of defense or protection; open; unarmed; defenseless. Thy power is full naked. Chaucer. Behold my bosom naked to your swords. Addison. 3. Unprovided with needful or desirable accessories, means of sustenance, etc.; destitute; unaided; bare. Patriots who had exposed themselves for the public, and whom they say now left naked. Milton. 4. Without addition, exaggeration, or excuses; not concealed or disguised; open to view; manifest; plain. The truth appears so naked on my side, That any purblind eye may find it out. Shak. All things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we to do. Heb. iv. 13. 5. Mere; simple; plain. The very naked name of love. Shak. 6. (Bot.) Without pubescence; as, a naked leaf or stem; bare, or not covered by the customary parts, as a flower without a perianth, a stem without leaves, seeds without a pericarp, buds without bud scales. 7. (Mus.) Not having the full complement of tones; -- said of a chord of only two tones, which requires a third tone to be sounded with them to make the combination pleasing to the ear; as, a naked fourth or fifth.<-- = open fourth, fifth? --> Naked bed, a bed the occupant of which is naked, no night linen being worn in ancient times. Shak. -- Naked eye, the eye alone, unaided by glasses, or by telescope, microscope, or the like. -- Naked-eyed medusa. (Zo\'94l.) See Hydromedusa. -- Naked flooring (Carp.), the timberwork which supports a floor. Gwilt. -- Naked mollusk (Zo\'94l.), a nudibranch. -- Naked wood (Bot.), a large rhamnaceous tree (Colibrina reclinata) of Southern Florida and the West Indies, having a hard and heavy heartwood, which takes a fine polish. C. S. Sargent. Syn. -- Nude; bare; denuded; uncovered; unclothed; exposed; unarmed; plain; defenseless. Nakedly Na"ked*ly, adv. In a naked manner; without covering or disguise; manifestly; simply; barely. Nakedness Na"ked*ness, n. 1. The condition of being naked. 2. (Script.) The privy parts; the genitals. Ham ... saw the nakedness of his father. Gen. ix. 22. Naker Na"ker (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nacre. Naker Na"ker, n. [OE. nakere, F. nakaire, LL. nacara, Per. naq\'beret.] A kind of kettledrum. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nakoo Na"koo (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The gavial. [Written also nako.] Nale Nale (?), n. [A corrupt form arising from the older "at žen ale" at the nale.] Ale; also, an alehouse. [Obs.] Great feasts at the nale. Chaucer. Nall Nall (?), n. [Either fr. Icel. n\'bel (see Needle); or fr. awl, like newt fr. ewt.] An awl. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. Nam Nam (?). [Contr. fr. ne am.] Am not. [Obs.] Nam Nam, obs. imp. of Nim. Chaucer. Namable Nam"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being named. Namation Na*ma"tion (?), n. [LL. namare to take; cf. AS. niman to take.] (O. Eng. & Scots Law) A distraining or levying of a distress; an impounding. Burrill. Namaycush Nam"ay*cush (?), n. [Indian name.] (Zool.) A large North American lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). It is usually spotted with red, and sometimes weighs over forty pounds. Called also Mackinaw trout, lake trout, lake salmon, salmon trout, togue, and tuladi. Namby-pamby Nam"by-pam`by (?), n. [From Ambrose Phillips, in ridicule of the extreme simplicity of some of his verses.] Talk or writing which is weakly sentimental or affectedly pretty. Macaulay. Namby-pamby Nam"by-pam`by, a. Affectedly pretty; weakly sentimental; finical; insipid. Thackeray. Namby-pamby madrigals of love. W. Gifford. _________________________________________________________________ Page 962 Name Name (?), n. [AS. nama; akin to D. naam, OS. & OHG. namo, G. name, Icel. nafn, for namn, Dan. navn, Sw. namn, Goth. nam&omac;, L. nomen (perh. influenced by noscere, gnoscere, to learn to know), Gr. 'o`mona, Scr. n\'beman. &root;267. Cf. Anonymous, Ignominy, Misnomer, Nominal, Noun.] 1. The title by which any person or thing is known or designated; a distinctive specific appellation, whether of an individual or a class. Whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. Gen. ii. 19. What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. Shak. 2. A descriptive or qualifying appellation given to a person or thing, on account of a character or acts. His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Is. ix. 6. 3. Reputed character; reputation, good or bad; estimation; fame; especially, illustrious character or fame; honorable estimation; distinction. What men of name resort to him? Shak. Far above ... every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come. Eph. i. 21. I will get me a name and honor in the kingdom. 1 Macc. iii. 14. He hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin. Deut. xxii. 19. The king's army ...had left no good name behind. Clarendon. 4. Those of a certain name; a race; a family. The ministers of the republic, mortal enemies of his name, came every day to pay their feigned civilities. Motley. 5. A person, an individual. [Poetic] They list with women each degenerate name. Dryden. Christian name. (a) The name a person receives at baptism, as distinguished from surname; baptismal name. (b) A given name, whether received at baptism or not. -- Given name. See under Given. -- In name, in profession, or by title only; not in reality; as, a friend in name. -- In the name of. (a) In behalf of; by the authority of. " I charge you in the duke's name to obey me." Shak. (b) In the represented or assumed character of. " I'll to him again in name of Brook." Shak. -- Name plate, a plate as of metal, glass, etc., having a name upon it, as a sign; a doorplate. -- Pen name, a name assumed by an author; a pseudonym or nom de plume. Bayard Taylor. -- Proper name (Gram.), a name applied to a particular person, place, or thing. -- To call names, to apply opprobrious epithets to; to call by reproachful appellations. -- To take a name in vain, to use a name lightly or profanely; to use a name in making flippant or dishonest oaths. Ex. xx. 7. Syn. -- Appellation; title; designation; cognomen; denomination; epithet. -- Name, Appellation, Title, Denomination. Name is generic, denoting that combination of sounds or letters by which a person or thing is known and distinguished. Appellation, although sometimes put for name simply, denotes, more properly, a descriptive term, used by way of marking some individual peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles the Bold, Philip the Stammerer. A title is a term employed to point out one's rank, office, etc.; as, the Duke of Bedford, Paul the Apostle, etc. Denomination is to particular bodies what appellation is to individuals; thus, the church of Christ is divided into different denominations, as Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, etc. Name Name (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Named (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Naming.] [AS. namian. See Name, n.] 1. To give a distinctive name or appellation to; to entitle; to denominate; to style; to call. She named the child Ichabod. 1 Sam. iv. 21. Thus was the building left Ridiculous, and the work Confusion named. Milton. 2. To mention by name; to utter or publish the name of; to refer to by distinctive title; to mention. None named thee but to praise. Halleck. Old Yew, which graspest at the stones That name the underlying dead. Tennyson. 3. To designate by name or specifically for any purpose; to nominate; to specify; to appoint; as, to name a day for the wedding. Whom late you have named for consul. Shak. 4. (House of Commons) To designate (a member) by name, as the Speaker does by way of reprimand. Syn. -- To denominate; style; term; call; mention; specify; designate; nominate. Nameless Name"less, a. 1. Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star. Waller. 2. Undistinguished; not noted or famous. A nameless dwelling and an unknown name. Harte. 3. Not known or mentioned by name; anonymous; as, a nameless writer."Nameless pens." Atterbury. 4. Unnamable; indescribable; inexpressible. But what it is, that is not yet known; what I can not name; nameless woe,I wot. Shak. I have a nameless horror of the man. Hawthorne. Namelessly Name"less*ly, adv. In a nameless manner. Namely Name"ly, adv. 1. By name; by particular mention; specifically; especially; expressly. [Obs.] Chaucer. The solitariness of man ...God hath namely and principally ordered to prevent by marriage. Milton. 2. That is to say; to wit; videlicet; -- introducing a particular or specific designation. For the excellency of the soul, namely, its power of divining dreams; that several such divinations have been made, none Addison. Namer Nam"er (?), n. One who names, or calls by name. Namesake Name"sake` (?), n. [For name's sake; i. e., one named for the sake of another's name.] One that has the same name as another; especially, one called after, or named out of regard to, another. Namo Na*mo" (?), adv. No more. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nan Nan (?), inerj. [For anan.] Anan. [Prov. Eng.] Nandine Nan"dine (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An African carnivore (Nandinia binotata), allied to the civets. It is spotted with black. Nandou, Nandu Nan"dou (?), Nan"du (?), n. [Braz. nhandu or yandu.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of three species of South American ostriches of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. See Rhea. [Written also nandow.] Nankeen Nan*keen" (?), n. [So called from its being originally manufactured at Nankin, in China.] [Written also nankin.] 1. A species of cloth, of a firm texture, originally brought from China, made of a species of cotton (Gossypium religiosum) that is naturally of a brownish yellow color quite indestructible and permanent. 2. An imitation of this cloth by artificial coloring. 3. pl. Trousers made of nankeen. Ld. Lytton. Nankeen bird (Zo\'94l.), the Australian night heron (Nycticorax Caledonicus); -- called also quaker. Nanny Nan"ny (?), n. A diminutive of Ann or Anne, the proper name. Nanny goat, a female goat. [Colloq.] Nannyberry Nan"ny*ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) See Sheepberry. Nanpie Nan"pie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The magpie. Naos Na"os (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.) A term used by modern arch\'91ologists instead of cella. See Cella. Nap Nap (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Napped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Napping (?).] [OE. nappen, AS. hn&ppian to take a nap, to slumber; cf. AS. hnipian to bend one's self, Icel. hnipna, hn\'c6pa, to droop.] 1. To have a short sleep; to be drowsy; to doze. Chaucer. 2. To be in a careless, secure state. Wyclif. I took thee napping, unprepared. Hudibras. Nap Nap, n. A short sleep; a doze; a siesta. Cowper. Nap Nap, n. [OE. noppe, AS. hnoppa; akin to D. nop, Dan. noppe, LG. nobbe.] 1. Woolly or villous surface of felt, cloth, plants, etc.; an external covering of down, of short fine hairs or fibers forming part of the substance of anything, and lying smoothly in one direction; the pile; -- as, the nap of cotton flannel or of broadcloth. 2. pl. The loops which are cut to make the pile, in velvet. Knight. Nap Nap, v. t. To raise, or put, a nap on. Nape Nape (?), n. [Perh. akin to knap a knop.] The back part of the neck. Spenser. Nape-crest Nape"-crest` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An African bird of the genus Schizorhis, related to the plantain eaters. Napery Na"per*y (?), n.; pl. Naperies (#). [OF. naperie, fr. nape a tablecloth, F. nappe, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa. See Map, and cf. Apron, Napkin.] Table linen; also, linen clothing, or linen in general. [Obs.] Gayton. Napha water Na"pha wa`ter (?). [Sp. nafa, from Ar. napha odor.] A perfume distilled from orange flowers. Naphew Na"phew (?), n. (Bot.) See Navew. Naphtha Naph"tha (?), n. [L. naphtha, Gr. nafth, nifth.] 1. (Chem.) The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc. 2. (Chem.) One of several volatile inflammable liquids obtained by the distillation of certain carbonaceous materials and resembling the naphtha from petroleum; as, Boghead naphtha, from Boghead coal (obtained at Boghead, Scotland); crude naphtha, or light oil, from coal tar; wood naphtha, from wood, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th is term was applied by the earlier chemical writers to a number of volatile, strong smelling, inflammable liquids, chiefly belonging to the ethers, as the sulphate, nitrate, or acetate of ethyl. Watts. Naphtha vitrioli [NL., naphtha of vitriol] (Old Chem.), common ethyl ether; -- formerly called sulphuric ether. See Ether. Naphthalate Naph"tha*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of naphthalic acid; a phthalate. [Obs.] Naphthalene Naph"tha*lene (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline. Naphthalene red (Chem.), a dyestuff obtained from certain diazo derivatives of naphthylamine, and called also magdala red. -- Naphthalene yellow (Chem.), a yellow dyestuff obtained from certain nitro derivatives of naphthol. Naphthalenic Naph`tha*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to , or derived from, naphthalene; -- used specifically to designate a yellow crystalline substance, called naphthalenic acid and also hydroxy quinone, and obtained from certain derivatives of naphthol. Naphthalic Naph*tha"lic (?), a. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used specifically to denote any one of a series of acids derived from naphthalene, and called naphthalene acids. (b) Formerly, designating an acid probably identical with phthalic acid. Naphthalidine Naph*thal"i*dine (?), n. [Naphthalene + toluidine.] (Chem.) Same as Naphthylamine. Naphthalin, Naphthaline Naph"tha*lin (?), Naph"tha*line (?), n. [F. naphthaline.] (Chem.) See Naphthalene. Naphthalize Naph"tha*lize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To mingle, saturate, or impregnate, with naphtha. Naphthazarin Naph*thaz"a*rin (?), n. [Naphthalene + alizarin.] (Chem.) A dyestuff, resembling alizarin, obtained from naphthoquinone as a red crystalline substance with a bright green, metallic luster; -- called also naphthalizarin. Naphthene Naph"thene (?), n. (Chem.) A peculiar hydrocarbon occuring as an ingredient of Caucasian petroleum. Naphthide Naph"thide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of naphthalene or its radical with a metallic element; as, mercuric naphthide. Naphthoic Naph*tho"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used specifically to designate any one of a series of carboxyl derivatives, called naphthoic acids. Naphthol Naph"thol (?), n. [Naphthalene + -ol.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene, analogous to phenol. In general they are crystalline substances with a phenol (carbolic) odor. Naphthol blue, Naphthol orange, Naphthol yellow (Chem.), brilliant dyestuffs produced from certain complex nitrogenous derivatives of naphthol or naphthoquinone. Naphthoquinone Naph`tho*qui"none (?), n. [Naphthalene + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, C10H6O2, analogous to quinone, obtained by oxidizing naphthalene with chromic acid. Naphthyl Naph"thyl (?), n. [Naphthalene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical regarded as the essential residue of naphthalene. Naphthylamine Naph`thyl*am"ine (?), n. (Chem.) One of two basic amido derivatives of naphthalene, C10H7.NH2, forming crystalline solids. Napierian, Naperian Na*pie"ri*an, Na*pe"ri*an , (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Napier, or Naper. Naperian logarithms. See under Logarithms. Napier's bones, Napier's rods Na"pi*er's bones` (?), Na"pi*er's rods` (?). A set of rods, made of bone or other material, each divided into nine spaces, and containing the numbers of a column of the multiplication table; -- a contrivance of Baron Napier, the inventor of logarithms, for facilitating the operations of multiplication and division. Napiform Na"pi*form (?), a. [L. napus turnip + -form: cf. F. napiforme. Cf. Navew.] (Bot.) Turnip-shaped; large and round in the upper part, and very slender below. Napkin Nap"kin (?), n. [Dim. of OF. nape a tablecloth, cloth, F. nappe, L. mappa. See Napery.] 1. A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers and mouth at table. 2. A handkerchief. [Obs.] Shak. Napkin pattern. See Linen scroll, under Linen. -- Napkin ring, a ring of metal, ivory, or other material, used to inclose a table napkin.<-- paper napkin, a disposable napkin made of paper. --> Napless Nap"less, a. Without nap; threadbare. Shak. Naples yellow Na"ples yel"low (?). See under Yellow. Napoleon Na*po"le*on (?), n. [From the Emperor Napoleon 1.] A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86. Napoleonic Na*po`le*on"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Napoleon I., or his family; resembling, or having the qualities of, Napoleon I. Lowell. Napoleonist Na*po"le*on*ist (?), n. A supporter of the dynasty of the Napoleons. Nappe Nappe (?), n. [F. nappe cloth, sheet. See Napery.] (Geom.) Sheet; surface; all that portion of a surface that is continuous in such a way that it is possible to pass from any one point of the portion to any other point of the portion without leaving the surface. Thus, some hyperboloids have one nappe, and some have two. Nappiness Nap"pi*ness (?), n. [From 2d Nappy.] The quality of having a nap; abundance of nap, as on cloth. Napping Nap"ping (?), n. 1. The act or process of raising a nap, as on cloth. 2. (Hat Making) A sheet of partially felted fur before it is united to the hat body. Knight. Nappy Nap"py (?), a. [From 1st Nap.] 1. Inclined to sleep; sleepy; as, to feel nappy. 2. Tending to cause sleepiness; serving to make sleepy; strong; heady; as, nappy ale. [Obs.] Wyatt. Nappy Nap"py, a. [From 3d Nap.] Having a nap or pile; downy; shaggy. Holland. Nappy Nap"py, n.; pl. Nappies (#). [OE. nap, AS. hn\'91p cup, bowl. See Hanaper.] A round earthen dish, with a flat bottom and sloping sides. [Written also nappie.] Nap-taking Nap"-tak`ing (?), n. A taking by surprise; an unexpected onset or attack. Carew. Napu Na*pu" (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A very small chevrotain (Tragulus Javanicus), native of Java. It is about the size of a hare, and is noted for its agility in leaping. Called also Java musk deer, pygmy musk deer, and deerlet. Napus Na"pus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A kind of turnip. See Navew. Narceine Nar"ce*ine (?), n. [L. narce numbness, torpor, Gr. narc\'82\'8bne.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in small quantities in opium, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a bitter astringent taste. It is a narcotic. Called also narceia. Narcissine Nar*cis"sine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Narcissus. Narcissus Nar*cis"sus (?), n.; pl. Narcissuses (#). [L. narcissus, and (personified) Narcissus, Gr. na`rkissos, Na`rkissos, fr. na`rkh torpor, in allusion to the narcotic properties of the flower. Cf. Narcotic.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of endogenous bulbous plants with handsome flowers, having a cup-shaped crown within the six-lobed perianth, and comprising the daffodils and jonquils of several kinds. 2. (Classical Myth.) A beautiful youth fabled to have been enamored of his own image as seen in a fountain, and to have been changed into the flower called Narcissus. Narcosis Nar*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. na`rkwsis. See Narcotic.] (Med.) Privation of sense or consciousness, due to a narcotic. Narcotic Nar*cot"ic (?), a. [F. narcotique, Gr. na`rkh numbness, torpor.] (Med.) Having the properties of a narcotic; operating as a narcotic. -- Nar*cot"ic*ness, n. _________________________________________________________________ Page 963 Narcotic Nar*cot"ic (?), n. (Med.) A drug which, in medicinal doses, generally allays morbid susceptibility, relieves pain, and produces sleep; but which, in poisonous doses, produces stupor, coma, or convulsions, and, when given in sufficient quantity, causes death. The best examples are opium (with morphine), belladonna (with atropine), and conium. Nercotykes and opye (opium) of Thebes. Chaucer. Narcotical Nar*cot"ic*al (?), a. Narcotic. -- Nar*cot"ic*al*ly, adv. Narcotine Nar"co*tine (?), n. [Cf. F. narcotine. Cf. Cotarnine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium, and extracted as a white crystalline substance, tasteless and less poisonous than morphine; -- called also narcotia. Narcotinic Nar`co*tin"ic (?), a. Pertaining to narcotine. Narcotism Nar"co*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. narcotisme.] Narcosis; the state of being narcotized. G. Eliot. Narcotize Nar"co*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narcotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Narcotizing (?).] To imbue with, or subject to the influence of, a narcotic; to put into a state of narcosis. Nard Nard (?), n. [AS., fr. L. nardus, Gr. n\'88rd, Per. nard, Scr. nalada.] 1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant (Nardostachys Jatamansi) of the Valerian family, used from remote ages in Oriental perfumery. 2. An ointment prepared partly from this plant. See Spikenard. 3. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Nardus stricta) of little value, found in Europe and Asia. Nardine Nard"ine (?), a. [L. nardinus, Gr. Of or pertaining to nard; having the qualities of nard. Nardoo Nar*doo" (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian name for Marsilea Drummondii, a four-leaved cryptogamous plant, sometimes used for food. Nare Nare (?), n. [L. naris.] A nostril. [R.] B. Jonson. Nares Na"res (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of naris nostril.] (Anat.) The nostrils or nasal openings, -- the anterior nares being the external or proper nostrils, and the posterior nares, the openings of the nasal cavities into the mouth or pharynx. Nargile, Nargileh Nar"gile (?), Nar"gi*leh (?), n. [Per. n\'bergh\'c6l, prop., a cocoanut; prob. so called because first made of a cocoanut.] An apparatus for smoking tobacco. It has a long flexible tube, and the smoke is drawn through water. Narica Nar"i*ca (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The brown coati. See Coati. Nariform Nar"i*form (?), a. [L. naris nostril + -form. See Nose.] Formed like the nose. Narine Nar"ine (?), a. Of or belonging to the nostrils. Narrable Nar"ra*ble (?), a. [L. narrabilis, fr. narrare to narrate.] Capable of being narrated or told. [Obs.] Narragansetts Nar`ra*gan"setts (?), n. pl.; sing. Narragansett (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited the shores of Narragansett Bay. Narrate Nar*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Narrating.] [L. narratus, p. p. of narrare to narrate, prob. for gnarigare, fr. gnarus knowing. See Ignore, Know.] To tell, rehearse, or recite, as a story; to relate the particulars of; to go through with in detail, as an incident or transaction; to give an account of. Syn. -- To relate; recount; detail; describe. Narration Nar*ra"tion (?), n. [L. narratio: cf. F. narration.] 1. The act of telling or relating the particulars of an event; rehearsal; recital. 2. That which is related; the relation in words or writing of the particulars of any transaction or event, or of any series of transactions or events; story; history. 3. (Rhet.) That part of a discourse which recites the time, manner, or consequences of an action, or simply states the facts connected with the subject. Syn. -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; description; explanation; detail; narrative; story; tale; history. See Account. Narrative Nar"ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. narratif.] 1. Of or pertaining to narration; relating to the particulars of an event or transaction. 2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to tell particulars of events; story-telling; garrulous. But wise through time, and narrative with age. Pope. Narrative Nar"ra*tive, n. That which is narrated; the recital of a story; a continuous account of the particulars of an event or transaction; a story. Cyntio was much taken with my narrative. Tatler. Syn. -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; narration; story; tale. See Account. Narratively Nar"ra*tive*ly, adv. In the style of narration. Narrator Nar*ra"tor (?), n. [L.] One who narrates; one who relates a series of events or transactions. Narratory Nar"ra*to*ry (?), a. Giving an account of events; narrative; as, narratory letters. Howell. Narre Narre (?), a.Nearer. [Obs.] Spenser. Narrow Nar"row (?), a. [Compar. Narrower (?); superl. Narrowest.] [OE. narwe, naru, AS. nearu; akin to OS. naru, naro.] 1. Of little breadth; not wide or broad; having little distance from side to side; as, a narrow board; a narrow street; a narrow hem. Hath passed in safety through the narrow seas. Shak. 2. Of little extent; very limited; circumscribed. The Jews were but a small nation, and confined to a narrow compass in the world. Bp. Wilkins. 3. Having but a little margin; having barely sufficient space, time, or number, etc.; close; near; -- with special reference to some peril or misfortune; as, a narrow shot; a narrow escape; a narrow majority. Dryden. 4. Limited as to means; straitened; pinching; as, narrow circumstances. 5. Contracted; of limited scope; illiberal; bigoted; as, a narrow mind; narrow views. "A narrow understanding." Macaulay. 6. Parsimonious; niggardly; covetous; selfish. A very narrow and stinted charity. Smalridge. 7. Scrutinizing in detail; close; accurate; exact. But first with narrow search I must walk round This garden, and no corner leave unspied. Milton. 8. (Phon.) Formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate; or (according to Bell) by a tense condition of the pharynx; -- distinguished from wide; as \'c7 (\'c7ve) and &oomac; (f&oomac;d), etc., from \'cc (\'ccll) and &oocr; (f&oocr;t), etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 13. NOTE: &hand; Na rrow is no t un frequently pr efixed to wo rds, especially to participles and adjectives, forming compounds of obvious signification; as, narrow-bordered, narrow-brimmed, narrow-breasted, narrow-edged, narrow-faced, narrow-headed, narrow-leaved, narrow-pointed, narrow-souled, narrow-sphered, etc. Narrow gauge. (Railroad) See Note under Gauge, n., 6. Narrow Nar"row (?), n.; pl. Narrows (. A narrow passage; esp., a contracted part of a stream, lake, or sea; a strait connecting two bodies of water; -- usually in the plural; as, The Narrows of New York harbor. Near the island lay on one side the jaws of a dangerous narrow. Gladstone. Narrow Nar"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Narrowing.] [AS. nearwian.] 1. To lessen the breadth of; to contract; to draw into a smaller compass; to reduce the width or extent of. Sir W. Temple. 2. To contract the reach or sphere of; to make less liberal or more selfish; to limit; to confine; to restrict; as, to narrow one's views or knowledge; to narrow a question in discussion. Our knowledge is much more narrowed if we confine ourselves to our own solitary reasonings. I. Watts. 3. (Knitting) To contract the size of, as a stocking, by taking two stitches into one. Narrow Nar"row, v. i. 1. To become less broad; to contract; to become narrower; as, the sea narrows into a strait. 2. (Man.) Not to step out enough to the one hand or the other; as, a horse narrows. Farrier's Dict. 3. (Knitting) To contract the size of a stocking or other knit article, by taking two stitches into one. Narrower Nar"row*er (?), n. One who, or that which, narrows or contracts. Hannah More. Narrowing Nar"row*ing, n. 1. The act of contracting, or of making or becoming less in breadth or extent. 2. The part of a stocking which is narrowed. Narrowly Nar"row*ly, adv. [AS. nearulice.] 1. With little breadth; in a narrow manner. 2. Without much extent; contractedly. 3. With minute scrutiny; closely; as, to look or watch narrowly; to search narrowly. 4. With a little margin or space; by a small distance; hence, closely; hardly; barely; only just; -- often with reference to an avoided danger or misfortune; as, he narrowly escaped. 5. Sparingly; parsimoniously. <-- construe narrowly? --> Narrow-minded Nar"row-mind`ed (?), a. Of narrow mental scope; illiberal; mean. -- Nar"row-mind`ed*ness, n. Narrowness Nar"row*ness, n. [AS. nearunes.] The condition or quality of being narrow. Nart Nart (?). [For ne art.] Art not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Narthex Nar"thex (?), n. [L., giant fennel, Gr. 1. (Bot.) A tall umbelliferous plant (Ferula communis). See Giant fennel, under Fennel. 2. (Arch.) The portico in front of ancient churches; sometimes, the atrium or outer court surrounded by ambulatories; -- used, generally, for any vestibule, lobby, or outer porch, leading to the nave of a church. Narwal Nar"wal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Narwhal. Narwe Nar"we (?), a. Narrow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Narwhal Nar"whal (?), n. [Sw. or Dan. narvhal; akin to Icel. n\'behvalr, and E. whale. the first syllable is perh. from Icel. n\'ber corpse, dead body, in allusion to the whitish color its skin. See Whale.] [Written also narwhale.] (Zo\'94l.) An arctic cetacean (Monodon monocerous), about twenty feet long. The male usually has one long, twisted, pointed canine tooth, or tusk projecting forward from the upper jaw like a horn, whence it is called also sea unicorn, unicorn fish, and unicorn whale. Sometimes two horns are developed, side by side. Nas Nas (?). [For ne was.] Was not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nas. Nas. [Contr. fr. ne has.] Has not. [Obs.] Spenser. Nasal Na"sal (?), a. [F., from L. nasus the nose. See Nose.] 1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the nose. 2. (Phon.) Having a quality imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 20, 208); characterized by resonance in the nasal passage; as, a nasal vowel; a nasal utterance. Nasal bones (Anat.), two bones of the skull, in front of the frontals. -- Nasal index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the transverse the base of the aperture to the nasion, which latter distance is taken as the standard, equal to 100. Nasal Na"sal, n. 1. An elementary sound which is uttered through the nose, or through both the nose and the mouth simultaneously. 2. (Med.) A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine. [Archaic] 3. (Anc. Armor) Part of a helmet projecting to protect the nose; a nose guard. 4. (Anat.) One of the nasal bones. 5. (Zo\'94l.) A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc. Nasality Na*sal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. nasalit\'82.] The quality or state of being nasal. Nasalization Na`sal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of nasalizing, or the state of being nasalized. Nasalize Na"sal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nasalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nasalizing (?).] To render nasal, as sound; to insert a nasal or sound in. Nasalize Na"sal*ize, v. t. To utter words or letters with a nasal sound; to speak through the nose. Nasally Na"sal*ly, adv. In a nasal manner; by the nose. Nascal Nas"cal (?), n. [F. nascale.] (Med.) A kind of pessary of medicated wool or cotton, formerly used. Nascency Nas"cen*cy (?), n. [L. nascentia. See Nascent.] State of being nascent; birth; beginning; origin. Nascent Nas"cent (?), a. [L. nascens, -entis, p.pr. nasci to be born. See Nation, and cf. Naissant.] 1. Commencing, or in process of development; beginning to exist or to grow; coming into being; as, a nascent germ. Nascent passions and anxieties. Berkley. 2. (Chem.) Evolving; being evolved or produced. Nascent state (Chem.), the supposed instantaneous or momentary state of an uncombined atom or radical just separated from one compound acid, and not yet united with another, -- a hypothetical condition implying peculiarly active chemical properties; as, hydrogen in the nascent state is a strong reducer. Naseberry Nase"ber`ry (?), n. [Sp. nispero medlar and naseberry tree, fr. L. mespilus. See Medlar.] (Bot.) A tropical fruit. See Sapodilla. [Written also nisberry.] Nash Nash (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Firm; stiff; hard; also, chilly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Nasicornous Nas`i*cor"nous (?), a. [L. nasus nose + cornu horn: cf. F. nasicorne.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing a horn, or horns, on the nose, as the rhinoceros. Nasiform Nas"i*form (?), a. [L. nasus nose + -form. See Nose, and cf. Nariform.] Having the shape of a nose. Nasion Na*si*on (?), n. [Nl., fr. L. nasus nose.] (Anat.) The middle point of the nasofrontal suture. Naso- Na"so- (. [L. nasus nose.] (Anat.) A combining form denoting pertaining to, or connected with, the nose; as, nasofrontal. Nasobuccal Na"so*buc"cal (?), a. [Naso + buccal.] (Anat.) Connected with both the nose and the mouth; as, the nasobuccal groove in the skate. Nasofrontal Na`so*fron"tal (?), a. [Naso- + frontal.] (Anat.) of or pertaining to the nose and the front of the head; as, the embryonic nasofrontal process which forms the anterior boundary of the mouth. Nasolachrymal Na`so*lach"ry*mal (?), a. [Naso- + lachrymal.] (Anat.) Connected with the lachrymal apparatus and the nose; as, the nasolachrymal, or lachrymal duct. Nasopalatal, Nasopalatine Na`so*pal"a*tal (?), Na`so*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Naso- + palatal.] (Anat.) Connected with both the nose and the palate; as, the nasopalatine or incisor, canal connecting the mouth and the nasal chamber in some animals; the nasopalatine nerve. Nasopharyngeal Na`so*phar`yn*ge"al (? OR , a. [Naso- + pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both throat and nose; as, a nasopharyngeal polypus. Nasoseptal Na`so*sep"tal (?), a. [Naso- + septal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the internasal septum. Nasoturbinal Na`so*tur"bi*nal (?), a. [Naso- + turbinal.] (Anat.) Connected with, or near, both the turbinal and the nasal bones; as, the nasalturbinal bone, made up of the uppermost lammel\'91 of the ethmoturbinal, and sometimes united with the nasal. -- n. The nasoturbinal bone. Nassa Nas"sa (?), n.; pl. E. Nassas (#), L. Nass\'92 (#). [From L. nassa a kind of basket, in allusion to the reticulation of some species.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of marine gastropods, of the genera Nassa, Tritia, and other allied genera of the family Nassid\'91; a dog whelk. See Illust. under Gastropoda. -- nas"soid (#), a. Nastily Nas"ti*ly (?), adv. In a nasty manner. Nastiness Nas"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being nasty; extreme filthness; dirtiness; also, indecency; obscenity. The nastiness of Plautus and Aristophanes. Dryden. Nasturtion Nas*tur"tion (?), n. [See Nasturtium.] (Bot.) Same as Nasturtium. Nasturtium Nas*tur"tium (?), n. [L. nasturtium, for nasitortium, fr. nasus nose + torquere, tortum, to twist, torture, in allusion to the causing one to make a wry face by its pungent taste. See Nose of the face, and Torture.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants, having white or yellowish flowers, including several species of cress. They are found chiefly in wet or damp grounds, and have a pungent biting taste. 2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Trop\'91olum, geraniaceous herbs, having mostly climbing stems, peltate leaves, and spurred flowers, and including the common Indian cress (Trop\'91olum majus), the canary-bird flower (T. peregrinum), and about thirty more species, all natives of South America. The whole plant has a warm pungent flavor, and the fleshy fruits are used as a substitute for capers, while the leaves and flowers are sometimes used in salads. _________________________________________________________________ Page 964 Nasty Nas"ty (?), a. [Compar. Nastier (; superl. Nastiest.] [For older nasky; cf. dial. Sw. naskug, nasket.] 1. Offensively filthy; very dirty, foul, or defiled; disgusting; nauseous. 2. Hence, loosely: Offensive; disagreeable; unpropitious; wet; drizzling; as, a nasty rain, day, sky. 3. Characterized by obcenity; indecent; indelicate; gross; filthy. Syn. -- Nasty, Filthy, Foul, Dirty. Anything nasty is usually wet or damp as well as filthy or dirty, and disgusts by its stickness or odor; but filthy and foul imply that a thing is filled or covered with offensive matter, while dirty describes it as defiled or sullied with dirt of any kind; as, filthy clothing, foul vapors, etc. Nasute Na"sute (?), a. [L. nasutus, fr. nasus the nose.] 1. Having a nice sense of smell. [Obs.] Evelyn. 2. Critically nice; captious. [Obs.] auden. Nasutness Na"sut*ness, n. Quickness of scent; hence, nice discernment; acuteness. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Nat Nat (?), adv. Not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nat Nat [For ne at.] Not at; nor at. [Obs.] haucer. Natal Na"tal (?), a. [L. natalis, fr. natus, p.p. of nasci to be born: cf. F. natal. See Nation, and cf. Noel.] 1. Of or pertaining to one's birth; accompying or dating from one's birth; native. Princes' children took names from their natal places. Camden. Propitious star, whose sacred power Presided o'er the monarch's natal hour. Prior. 2. (Actrol.) Presiding over nativity; as, natal Jove. Syn. -- Native, natural. See Native. Natalitial, Natalitious Na`ta*li"tial (?), Na`ta*li"tious (?), a. [L. natalitius, from natalis. See Natal.] Of or pertaining to one's birth or birthday, or one's nativity. [Obs.] "Natalitial poplar." Evelyn. "Natalitious fire." W. Cartwright. Nataloin Na*tal"o*in (?), n. [From Natal aloes.] (Chem.) A bitter crystalline substance constituting the essential principle of Natal aloes. Cf. Aloon. Natal plum Na*tal" plum` (?). (Bot.) The drupaceous fruit of two South African shrubs of the genus Arduina (A. bispinosa and A. grandiflora). Natals Na"tals (?), n. pl. One's birth, or the circumstances attending it. [Obs.] Fitz-Geffry. Natant Na"tant (?), a. [L. natans, -antis, from swim, v. intens. fr. nare to swim: cf. F. natant.] 1. (Bot.) Floating in water, as the leaves of water lilies, or submersed, as those of many aquatic plants. 2. (Her.) Placed horizontally across the field, as if swimmimg toward the dexter side; said of all sorts of fishes except the flying fish. Natantly Na"tant*ly (?), adv. In a floating manner; swimmingly. Natation Na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. natatio, fr. natare to swim: cf. F. natation. See Natant.] The act of floating on the water; swimming. Sir T. Browne. Natatores Na`ta*to"res (?), n. pl. [L. natator a swimmer.] (Zo\'94l.) The swimming birds. NOTE: &hand; They were formerly united into one order, which is now considered an artifical group. Natatorial Na`ta*to"rial (?), a. Inclined or adapted to swim; swimming; as, natatorial birds. Natatorious Na`ta*to"ri*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Adapted for swimming; -- said of the legs of certain insects. Natatorium Na`ta*to"rium (?), n. [L.] A swimming bath. Natatory Na"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. natatorius.] Adapted for swimming or floating; as, natatory organs. Natch Natch (?), n. [OF. nache fesse, LL. natica, from L. natis the rump, buttocks. Cf. Aitchbone.] The rump of beef; esp., the lower and back part of the rump. Natch bone, the edgebone, or aitchbone, in beef. Natchez Natch"ez (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly lived near the site of the city of Natchez, Mississippi. In 1729 they were subdued by the French; the survivors joined the Creek Confederacy. Natchnee Natch"nee (?), n. (Bot.) An annual grass (Eleusine coracona), cultivated in India as a food plant. Nates Na"tes (?), n. pl. [L., the buttocks.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The buttocks. (b) The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The umbones of a bivalve shell. Nath Nath (?). [Contr. fr. ne hath,] hath not. [Obs.] Nathless Nath"less (?), adv. [OE. natheles, na the les, not the less, AS. n\'be never. See Na, The, conj., and cf. Nevertheless.] Nevertheless. [Archaic] Chaucer. Milton. E. Arnold. Nathmore Nath"more` (?), adv. [OE. na the more.] Not the more; never the more. [Obs.] penser. Natica Nat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. Naticas (, L. Natic\'92 (. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods belonging to Natica, Lunatia, Neverita, and other allied genera (family Naticid\'91.) They burrow beneath the sand, or mud, and drill other shells. Naticoid Nat"i*coid (?), a. [Natica + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to Natica, or the family Natic\'91. Nation Na"tion (?), n. [F. nation, L. natio nation, race, orig., a being born, fr. natus, p.p. of nasci, to be born, for gnatus, gnaci, from the same root as E. kin. \'fb44. See Kin kindred, and cf. Cognate, Natal, Native.] 1. (Ethnol.) A part, or division, of the people of the earth, distinguished from the rest by common descent, language, or institutions; a race; a stock. All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues. Rev. vii. 9. 2. The body of inhabitants of a country, united under an independent government of their own. A nation is the unity of a people. Coleridge. Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation. F. S. Key. 3. Family; lineage. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. (a) One of the divisions of university students in a classification according to nativity, formerly common in Europe. (b) (Scotch Universities) One of the four divisions (named from the parts of Scotland) in which students were classified according to their nativity. 5. A great number; a great deal; -- by way of emphasis; as, a nation of herbs. Sterne. Five nations. See under Five. -- Law of nations. See International law, under International, and Law. Syn. -- people; race. See People. National Na"tion*al (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. national.] 1. Of or pertaining to a nation; common to a whole people or race; public; general; as, a national government, language, dress, custom, calamity, etc. 2. Attached to one's own country or nation. National anthem, a popular song or hymn which has become by general acceptance the recognized musical expression of the patriotic sentiment of a nation; as, "God save the King" is called the national anthem of England. -- National bank, the official common name of a class of banking corporations established under the laws of the United States. -- National flag. See under Flag. -- National guard, a body of militia, or a local military organization, as in Paris during the French Revolution, or as certain bodies of militia in other European countries and in the United States. -- National salute, a salute consisting of as many guns as there are States in the Union. [U.S.] Nationalism Na"tion*al*ism (?), n. 1. The state of being national; national attachment; nationality. 2. An idiom, trait, or character peculiar to any nation. 3. National independence; the principles of the Nationalists. Nationalist Na"tion*al*ist, n. One who advocates national unity and independence; one of a party favoring Irish independence. Nationality Na`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Nationalities (#). [Cf. F. nationalit\'82.] 1. The quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own nation; patriotism. 2. The sum of the qualities which distinguish a nation; national character. 3. A race or people, as determined by common language and character, and not by political bias or divisions; a nation. the fulfillment of his mission is to be looked for in the condition of nationalities and the character of peoples. H. W. Beecher. 4. Existence as a distinct or individual nation; national unity and integrity. 5. The state or quality of belonging to or being connected with a nation or government by nativity, character, ownership, allegiance, etc. Nationalization Na`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of nationalizing, or the state of being nationalized. Nationalize Na"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nationalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nationalizing (?).] [Cf. F. nationaliser.] To make national; to make a nation of; to endow with the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar sentiments and attachment of citizens of a nation. Nationally Na"tion*al*ly, adv. In a national manner or way; as a nation. "The jews ... being nationally espoused to God by covenant." South. Nationalness Na"tion*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being national; nationality. Johnson. Native Na"tive (?), a. [F. natif, L. nativus, fr. nasci, p.p. natus. See Nation, and cf. Na\'8bve, Nelf a serf.] 1. Arising by birth; having an origin; born. [Obs.] Anaximander's opinion is, that the gods are native, rising and vanishing again in long periods of times. Cudworth. 2. Of or pertaining to one's birth; natal; belonging to the place or the circumstances in which one is born; -- opposed to foreign; as, native land, language, color, etc. 3. Born in the region in which one lives; as, a native inhabitant, race; grown or originating in the region where used or sold; not foreign or imported; as, native oysters, or strawberries.<-- latter sense = domestic --> 4. Original; constituting the original substance of anything; as, native dust. Milton. 5. Conferred by birth; derived from origin; born with one; inherent; inborn; not acquired; as, native genius, cheerfulness, simplicity, rights, etc. <-- congenital, hereditary. --> Courage is native to you. Jowett (Thucyd. ). 6. Naturally related; cognate; connected (with). [R.] the head is not more native to the heart, ... Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father. Shak. 7. (Min.) (a) Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as, native silver. (b) Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium chloride. Native American party. See under American, a. -- Native bear (Zo\'94l.), the koala. -- Native bread (Bot.), a large underground fungus, of Australia (Mylitta australis), somewhat resembling a truffle, but much larger. -- Native devil. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tasmanian devil, under Devil. -- Native hen (Zo\'94l.), an Australian rail (Tribonyx Mortierii). -- Native pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) See Leipoa. -- Native rabbit (Zo\'94l.), an Australian marsupial (Perameles lagotis) resembling a rabbit in size and form. -- Native sloth (Zo\'94l.), the koala. -- Native thrush (Zo\'94l.), an Australian singing bird (Pachycephala olivacea); -- called also thickhead. -- Native turkey (Zo\'94l.), the Australian bustard (Choriotis australis); -- called also bebilya. Syn. -- Natural; natal; original; congential. -- Native, Natural, Natal. natural refers to the nature of a thing, or that which springs therefrom; native, to one's birth or origin; as, a native country, language, etc.; natal, to the circumstances of one's birth; as, a natal day, or star. Native talent is that which is inborn; natural talent is that which springs from the structure of the mind. Native eloquence is the result of strong innate emotion; natural eloquence is opposed to that which is studied or artifical. Native Na"tive (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, is born in a place or country referred to; a denizen by birth; an animal, a fruit, or vegetable, produced in a certain region; as, a native of France. 2. (Stock Breeding) Any of the live stock found in a region, as distinguished from such as belong to pure and distinct imported breeds. [U.S.] Natively Na"tive*ly, adv. By natural or original condition; naturally; originally. Nativeness Na"tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being native. Nativism Na"tiv*ism (?), n. 1. The disposition to favor the native inhabitants of a country, in preference to immigrants from foreign countries. 2. (Philos.) The doctrine of innate ideas, or that the mind possesses forms of thought independent of sensation. Nativist Na"tiv*ist (?), n. An advocate of nativism. Nativistic Na`tiv*is"tic (?), a. Relating to nativism. Nativity Na*tiv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Nativies (#). [F. nativit\'82, L. nativitas. See Native, and cf. Na\'8bvet\'90.] 1. The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner, etc. Chaucer. I have served him from the hour of my nativity. Shak. Thou hast left ... the land of thy nativity. Ruth ii. 11. These in their dark nativity the deep Shall yield us, pregnant with infernal flame. Milton. 2. (Fine Arts) A picture representing or symbolizing the early infancy of Christ. The simplest form is the babe in a rude cradle, and the heads of an ox and an ass to express the stable in which he was born. 3. (Astrol.) A representation of the positions of the heavenly bodies as the moment of one's birth, supposed to indicate his future destinies; a horoscope. The Nativity, the birth or birthday of Christ; Christmas day. -- To cast, OR calculate, one's nativity (Astrol.), to find out and represent the position of the heavenly bodies at the time of one's birth. Natka Nat"ka (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) A species of shrike. Natrium Na"tri*um (?), n. [NL. See Natron.] (Chem.) The technical name for sodium. Natrolite Na"tro*lite (?; 277), n. [Natron + -lite: cf. F. natrolithe.] (Min.) A zeolite occuring in groups of glassy acicular crystals, and in masses which often have a radiated structure. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and soda. Natron Na"tron (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. natron, Ar. natr\'d4n, nitr\'d4n. Cf. Niter, Anatron.] (Min.) Native sodium carbonate. [Written also anatron.] Natter Nat"ter (?), v. i. [Cf. Icel. knetta to grumble.] To find fault; to be peevish. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.] Natterjack Nat"ter*jack` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A European toad (Bufo calamita), having a yellow line along its back. Natty Nat"ty (?), a. [Cf. Neat clean.] Neat; tidy; spruce. [Colloq.] -- Nat"ti*ly, adv. -- Nat"ti*ness, n. Natural Nat"u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artifical, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color. With strong natural sense, and rare force of will. Macaulay. 2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature; consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural consequence of crime; a natural death. What can be more natural than the circumstances in the behavior of those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day? Addison. 3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology. I call that natural religion which men might know ... by the mere principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience, without the help of revelation. Bp. Wilkins. 4. Conformed to truth or reality; as: (a) Springing from true sentiment; not artifical or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc. (b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; as, a portrait is natural. 5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position; not unnatural in feelings. To leave his wife, to leave his babes, ... He wants the natural touch. Shak. 6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. "Natural friends." J. H. Newman. 7. Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child. 8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate. The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God. 1 Cor. ii. 14. 9. (Math.) Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1. _________________________________________________________________ Page 965 10. (Mus.) (a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. (b) of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. (c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. Chaucer. -- Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas. etc. -- Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord. -- Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of botany, zo\'94logy, geology, mineralogy, paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zo\'94logy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. -- Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. -- Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its relative keys. -- Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order. -- Natural person. (Law) See under person, n. -- Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called physics, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy. -- Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale -- Natural science, natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science. -- Natural selection (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See Darwinism. -- Natural system (Bot. & Zo\'94l.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology. It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand divisions. Gray. -- Natural theology, OR Natural religion, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3. -- Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel, under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, § 17. Syn. -- See Native. Natural Nat"u*ral (?; 135), n. 1. A native; an aboriginal. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. 2. pl. Natural gifts, impulses, etc. [Obs.] Fuller. 3. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot. "The minds of naturals." Locke. 4. (Mus.) A character [♮] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note. Naturalism Nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. naturalisme.] 1. A state of nature; conformity to nature. 2. (Metaph.) The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will. Naturalist Nat"u*ral*ist, n. [Cf. F. naturaliste.] 1. One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of animals. 2. One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion. H. Bushnell. Naturalistic Nat`u*ral*is"tic (?), a. 1. Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism. 2. Closely resembling nature; realistic. "Naturalistic bit of pantomime." W. D. Howells. Naturality Nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. [L. naturalitas: cf. F. naturalit\'82.] Nature; naturalness. [R.] Naturalization Nat`u*ral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. naturalisation.] The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized. Naturalize Nat"u*ral*ize (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Naturalized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Naturalizing (#).] [Cf. F. naturaliser. See Natural.] 1. To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study. 2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject. 3. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words. 4. To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions. Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized in the New England climate. Hawthorne. Naturalize Nat"u*ral*ize, v. i. 1. To become as if native. 2. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural. Infected by this naturalizing tendency. H. Bushnell. Naturally Nat"u*ral*ly, adv. In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously. Naturalness Nat"u*ral*ness, n. The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature. Nature Na"ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. natura, fr. natus born, produced, p.p. of nasci to be born. See Nation.] 1. The existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation; the universe. But looks through nature up to nature's God. Pope. Nature has caprices which art can not imitate. Macaulay. 2. The personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in detail; the agencies which carry on the processes of creation or of being; -- often conceived of as a single and separate entity, embodying the total of all finite agencies and forces as disconnected from a creating or ordering intelligence. I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such disproportions. Milton. 3. The established or regular course of things; usual order of events; connection of cause and effect. 4. Conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that which is artifical, or forced, or remote from actual experience. One touch of nature makes the whole world kin. Shak. 5. The sum of qualities and attributes which make a person or thing what it is, as distinct from others; native character; inherent or essential qualities or attributes; peculiar constitution or quality of being. Thou, therefore, whom thou only canst redeem, Their nature also to thy nature join, And be thyself man among men on earth. Milton. 6. Hence: Kind, sort; character; quality. A dispute of this nature caused mischief. Dryden. 7. Physical constitution or existence; the vital powers; the natural life. "My days of nature." Shak. Oppressed nature sleeps. Shak. 8. Natural affection or reverence. Have we not seen The murdering son ascend his parent's bed, Through violated nature foce his way? Pope. 9. Constitution or quality of mind or character. A born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick. Shak. That reverence which is due to a superior nature. Addison. Good nature, Ill nature. see under Good and Ill. -- In a state of nature. (a) Naked as when born; nude. (b) In a condition of sin; unregenerate. (c) Untamed; uncvilized. -- Nature printng, a process of printing from metallic or other plates which have received an impression, as by heavy pressure, of an object such as a leaf, lace, or the like. -- Nature worship, the worship of the personified powers of nature. -- To pay the debt of nature, to die. Nature Na"ture, v. t. To endow with natural qualities. [Obs.] He [God] which natureth every kind. Gower. Natured Na"tured (?; 135), a. Having (such) a nature, temper, or disposition; disposed; -- used in composition; as, good-natured, ill-natured, etc. Natureless Na"ture*less (?), a. Not in accordance with nature; unnatural. [Obs.] Milton. Naturism Na"tur*ism (?), n. (Med.) The belief or doctrine that attributes everything to nature as a sanative agent. Naturist Na"tur*ist, n. One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism. Boyle. Naturity Na*tu"ri*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being produced by nature. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Naturize Na"tur*ize (?), v. t. To endow with a nature or qualities; to refer to nature. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Naufrage Nau"frage (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L. naufragium; navis + frangere.] Shipwreck; ruin. [Obs.] acon. Naufragous Nau"fra*gous (?), a. [L. naufragus. See Naufrage.] causing shipwreck. [Obs.] r. Taylor. Naught Naught (?), n. [OE. naught, nought, naht, nawiht, AS. n, n, n; ne not + wiht thing, whit; hence, not ever a whit. See No, adv. Whit, and cf. Aught, Not.] 1. Nothing. [Written also nought.] Doth Job fear God for naught? Job i. 9. 2. The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher. To set at naught, to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy; to treat with ignominy. "Ye have set at naught all my counsel." Prov. i. 25. Naught Naught, adv. In no degree; not at all. Chaucer. To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied. Fairfax. Naught Naught, a. 1. Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless. It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer. Prov. xx. 14. Go, get you to your house; begone, away! All will be naught else. Shak. Things naught and things indifferent. Hooker. 2. Hence, vile; base; naughty. [Obs.] No man can be stark naught at once. Fuller. Naughtily Naugh"ti*ly (?), adv. In a naughty manner; wickedly; perversely. Shak. Naughtiness Naugh"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness; wickedness. I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart. 1 Sam. xvii. 28. Naughtly Naught"ly (?), adv. Naughtily; wrongly. [Obs.] because my parents naughtly brought me up. Mir. for Mag. Naughty Naugh"ty (?), a. [Compar. Naughtier (?); superl. Naughtiest.] 1. Having little or nothing. [Obs.] [Men] that needy be and naughty, help them with thy goods. Piers Plowman. 2. Worthless; bad; good for nothing. [Obs.] The other basket had very naughty figs. Jer. xxiv. 2. 3. hence, corrupt; wicked. [Archaic] So shines a good deed in a naughty world. Shak. 4. Mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper conduct; as, a naughty child. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is no w se ldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children, or in sportive censure. Naumachy Nau"ma*chy (?), n. [L. naumachia, Gr. 1. A naval battle; esp., a mock sea fight. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) A show or spectacle representing a sea fight; also, a place for such exhibitions. Nauplius Nau"pli*us (?), n.; pl. Nauplii (#). [L., a kind of shellfish, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A crustacean larva having three pairs of locomotive organs (corresponding to the antennules, antenn\'91, and mandibles), a median eye, and little or no segmentation of the body. Nauropometer Nau`ro*pom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Naut.) An instrument for measuring the amount which a ship heels at sea. Nauscopy Naus"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. nauscopie.] (Naut.) The power or act of discovering ships or land at considerable distances. Nausea Nau"se*a (? or , n. [L., fr. Gr. Nave of a church, and cf. Noise.] Seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the stomach; loathing. Nauseant Nau"se*ant (?), n. [L. nauseans, p.pr. Of nauseare.] (Med.) A substance which produces nausea. <-- emetic --> Nauseate Nau"se*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nauseated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nauseating.] [L. nauseare, nauseatum, fr. nausea. See Nausea.] To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust. Nauseate Nau"se*ate, v. t. 1. To affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or disgust. 2. To sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe. The patient nauseates and loathes wholesome foods. Blackmore. Nauseation Nau`se*a"tion (?), n. The act of nauseating, or the state of being nauseated. Nauseative Nau"se*a*tive (? OR , a. Causing nausea; nauseous. Nauseous Nau"seous (?; 277), a. [L. nauseosus.] Causing, or fitted to cause, nausea; sickening; loathsome; disgusting; exciting abhorrence; as, a nauseous drug or medicine. -- Nau"seous*ly, adv. -- Nau"seous*ness, n. The nauseousness of such company disgusts a reasonable man. Dryden. Nautch Nautch (?), n. [Hind. n\'bech, fr. Skr. n dance.] An entertainment consisting chiefly of dancing by professional dancing (or Nautch) girls. [India] Nautic Nau"tic (?), a. [See Nautical.] Nautical. Nautical Nau"tic*al (?), a. [L. nauticus, Gr. nautique. See Nave of a church.] Of or pertaining to seamen, to the art of navigation, or to ships; as, nautical skill. Syn. -- Naval; marine; maritime. See Naval. Nautical almanac. See under Almanac. -- Nautical distance, the length in nautical miles of the rhumb line joining any two places on the earth's surface. -- nautical mile. see under Mile. Nautically Nau"tic*al*ly, adv. In a nautical manner; with reference to nautical affais. Nautiform Nau"ti*form (?), a. [Gr. -form.] Shaped like the hull of a ship. Nautilite Nau"ti*lite (?), n. (paleon.) A fossil nautilus. Nautiloid Nau"ti*loid (?), a. [Nautilus + -oid: cf. F. nautilo\'8bde.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the nautilus; shaped like a nautilus shell. -- n. A mollusk, or shell, of the genus Nautilus or family Nautilid\'91. Nautilus Nau"ti*lus (?), n.; pl. E. Nautiluses (#), L. Nautili (#). [L., fr. gr. Nave of a church.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other species are found fossil. The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See Tetrabranchiata. NOTE: &hand; Th e he ad of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube, and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills. The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined. 2. The argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus. See Argonauta, and Paper nautilus, under Paper. 3. A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants. Navajoes Na"va*joes (?), n. pl.; sing. Navajo (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians inhabiting New Mexico and Arizona, allied to the Apaches. They are now largely engaged in agriculture. Naval Na"val (?), a. [L. navalis, fr. navis ship: cf. F. naval. See Nave of a church.] Having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a navy; consisting of ships; as, naval forces, successes, stores, etc. _________________________________________________________________ Page 966 Naval brigade, a body of seamen or marines organized for military service on land. -- Naval officer. (a) An officer in the navy. (b) A high officer in some United States customhouses. -- Naval tactics, the science of managing or maneuvering vessels sailing in squadrons or fleets. Syn. -- Nautical; marine; maritime. -- Naval, Nautical. Naval is applied to vessels, or a navy, or the things which pertain to them or in which they participate; nautical, to seamen and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a naval, as opposed to a military, engagement; naval equipments or stores, a naval triumph, a naval officer, etc., and of nautical pursuits or instruction, nautical calculations, a nautical almanac, etc. Navals Na"vals (?), n.pl. Naval affairs. [Obs.] Navarch Na"varch (?), n. [L. navarchus, gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The commander of a fleet. Mitford. Navarchy Na"varch*y (?), n. [Gr. Nautical skill or experience. [Obs.] ir W. Petty. Navarrese Na`var*rese" (? OR , a. Of or pertaining to Navarre. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Navarre; the people of Navarre. Nave Nave (?), n. [AS. nafu; akin to D. naaf, G. nabe, OHG. naba, Icel. n\'94f, Dan. nav, Sw. naf, Skr. n\'bebhi nave and navel: cf. L. umbo boss of a shield. \'fb260. Cf. Navel.] 1. The block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate, and through which the axle passes; -- called also hub or hob. 2. The navel. [Obs.] hak. Nave Nave, n. [F. nef, fr. L. navis ship, to which the church was often likened; akin to Gr. naca boat, G. nachen, Icel. n\'94kkvi; cf. L. nare to swim, float. Cf. Nausea, Nautical, Naval.] (Arch.) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles. Navel Na"vel (?), n. [AS. nafela, fr. nafu nave; akin to D. navel, G. nabel, OHG. nabolo, Icel. nafli, Dan. navle, Sw. nafle, L. umbilicus, Gr. n. \'fb260. See Nave hub, and cf. Omphalic, Nombril, Umbilical.] 1. (Anat.) A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. See Umbilicus.<-- called also belly button in humans --> 2. The central part or point of anything; the middle. Within the navel of this hideous wood, Immured in cypress shades, a sorcerer dwells. Milton. 3. (Gun.) An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage. Navel gall, a bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson. -- Navel point. (Her.) Same as Nombril. Navel-string Na"vel-string` (?), n. The umbilical cord. Navelwort Na"vel*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European perennial succulent herb (Cotyledon umbilicus), having round, peltate leaves with a central depression; -- also called pennywort, and kidneywort. Navew Na"vew (?), n. [OE. navel, naveau, a dim. fr. L. napus navew. Cf. Napiform.] (Bot.) A kind of small turnip, a variety of Brassica campestris. See Brassica. [Writen also naphew.] Navicular Na*vic"u*lar (?), a. [L. navicularius, fr. navicula, dim. of navis ship: cf. F. naviculaire.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a boat or ship. 2. Shaped like a boat; cymbiform; scaphoid; as, the navicular glumes of most grasses; the navicular bone. Navicular bone. (Anat.) (a) One of the middle bones of the tarsus, corresponding to the centrale; -- called also scaphoid. (b) A proximal bone on the radial side of the carpus; the scaphoid. -- Navicular disease (Far.), a disease affecting the navicular bone, or the adjacent parts, in a horse's foot. Navicular Na*vic"u*lar, n. (Anat.) The navicular bone. Navigability Nav`i*ga*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. navigabilit\'82.] The quality or condition of being navigable; navigableness. Navigable Nav"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. navigabilis: cf. F. navigable. See Navigate.] Capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to vessels; as, a navigable river. NOTE: &hand; By th e comon law, a river is considered as navigable only so far as the tide ebbs and flows in it. This is also the doctrine in several of the United tates. In other States, the doctrine of thje civil law prevails, which is, that a navigable river is a river capable of being navigated, in the common sense of the term. Kent. Burrill. -- Nav"i*ga*ble*ness, n. -- Nav"i*ga*bly, adv. Navigate Nav"i*gate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Navigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Navigating.] [L. navigatus, p.p. of navigare, v.t. & i.; navis ship + agere to move, direct. See Nave, and Agent.] To joirney by water; to go in a vessel or ship; to perform the duties of a navigator; to use the waters as a highway or channel for commerce or communication; to sail. The Phenicians navigated to the extremities of the Western Ocean. Arbuthnot. Navigate Nav"i*gate, v. t. 1. To pass over in ships; to sail over or on; as, to navigate the Atlantic. 2. To steer, direct, or manage in sailing; to conduct (ships) upon the water by the art or skill of seamen; as, to navigate a ship. Navigation Nav`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. navigatio: cf. F. navigation.] 1. The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels; the state of being navigable. 2. (a) the science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another, including, more especially, the method of determining a ship's position, course, distance passed over, etc., on the surface of the globe, by the principles of geometry and astronomy. (b) The management of sails, rudder, etc.; the mechanics of traveling by water; seamanship. 3. Ships in general. [Poetic] Shak. A\'89rial navigation, the act or art of sailing or floating in the air, as by means of ballons; a\'89ronautic.<-- now aviation --> -- Inland navigation, Internal navigation, navigation on rivers, inland lakes, etc. Navigator Nav"i*ga`tor (?), n. One who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book which teaches the art of navigation; as, Bowditch's Navigator. Navigerous Na*vig"er*ous (?), a. [L. naviger; navis ship + gerere to bear.] Bearing ships; capable of floating vessels. [R.] Blount. Navvy Nav"vy (?), n.; pl. Navies (#). [Abbreviated fr. navigator.] Originally, a laborer on canals for internal navigation; hence, a laborer on other public works, as in building railroads, embankments, etc. [Eng.] Navy Na"vy (?); n.; pl. Navies (#). [ OF. navie, fr. L. navis ship. See Nave of a church.] 1. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. "The navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir." 1 kings x. 11. 2. The whole of the war vessels belonging to a nation or ruler, considered collectively; as, the navy of Italy. 3. The officers and men attached to the war vessels of a nation; as, he belongs to the navy. Navy bean. see Bean. -- Navy yard, a place set apart as a shore station for the use of the navy. It often contains all the mechanical and other appliences for building and equipping war vessels and training their crews. Nawab Na*wab" (?), n. [See Nabob.] A deputy ruler or viceroy in India; also, a title given by courtesy to other persons of high rank in the East. Nawl Nawl (?), n. [See Nall.] An awl. [Obs.] usser. Nay Nay (?), adv. [Icel. nei; akin to E. no. See No, adv.] 1. No; -- a negative answer to a question asked, or a request made, now superseded by no. See Yes. And eke when I say "ye," ne say not "nay." Chaucer. I tell you nay; but except ye repent, ye shall all likewisr perish. Luke xiii. 3. And now do they thrust us out privily? nay, verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out. Acts xvi. 37. He that will not when he may, When he would he shall have nay. Old Prov. NOTE: &hand; Be fore the time of Henry VIII. nay was used to answer simple questions, and no was used when the form of the question involved a negative expression; nay was the simple form, no the emphatic. Skeat. 2. Not this merely, but also; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition or substitution of a more explicit or more emphatic phrase. NOTE: &hand; Na y in this sense may be interchanged with yea. "Were he my brother, nay, my kingdom's heir." Shak. Nay Nay, n.; pl. Nays (. 1. Denial; refusal. 2. a negative vote; one who votes in the negative. It is no nay, there is no denying it. [Obs.] haucer. Nay Nay, v. t. & i. To refuse. [Obs.] Holinshed. Nayaur Na*yaur" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A specied of wild sheep (Ovis Hodgsonii), native of Nepaul and Thibet. It has a dorsal mane and a white ruff beneath the neck. Nayt Nayt (?), v. t. [Icel. neita.] To refuse; to deny. [Obs.] "He shall not nayt ne deny his sin." Chaucer. Nayward Nay"ward (?), n. The negative side. [R.] Howe'er you lean to the nayward. Shak. Nayword Nay"word` (?), n. A byword; a proverb; also, a watchword. [Obs.] hak. Nazarene Naz`a*rene" (?), n. [L. Nazarenus, Gr. 1. A native or inhabitant of Nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied to Christ and the early Christians. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Judaizing Christians in the first and second centuries, who observed the laws of Moses, and held to certain heresies. Nazarite Naz"a*rite (?), n. A Jew bound by a vow to lave the hair uncut, to abstain from wine and strong drink, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion, the obligation being for life, or for a certain time. The word is also used adjectively. Nazariteship Naz"a*rite*ship, n. The state of a Nazarite. Nazaritic Naz`a*rit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a Nazarite, or to Nazarites. Nazaritism Naz"a*ri*tism (?; 277), n. The vow and practice of a Nazarite. Naze Naze (?), n. [See Ness.] A promotory or headland. Nazirite Naz"i*rite (?), n. A Nazarite. Ne Ne (?), adv. [AS. ne. See No.] Not; never. [Obs.] He never yet no villany ne said. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Ne wa s fo rmerly us ed as th e un iversal adverb of negation, and survives in certain compounds, as never (= ne ever) and none (= ne one). Other combinations, now obsolete, will be found in the Vocabulary, as nad, nam, nil. See Negative, 2. Ne Ne, conj. [See Ne, adv.] Nor. [Obs.] Shak. No niggard ne no fool. Chaucer. Ne . . . ne, neither . . . nor. [Obs.] Chaucer. Neaf Neaf (?), n. See 2d Neif. Shak. Neal Neal (?), v. t. To anneal. [R.] Chaucer. Neal Neal, v. i. To be tempered by heat. [R.] Bacon. Neap Neap (?), n. [Cf. Neb, Nape.] The tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two animals. [U.S.] Neap Neap (?), a. [As. n&emac;pfl&omac;d neap flood; cf. hnipian to bend, incline.] Low. Neap tides, the lowest tides of the lunar month, which occur in the second and fourth quarters of the moon; -- opposed to spring tides. Neap Neap, n. A neap tide. High springs and dead neaps. Harkwill. Neaped Neaped (?), a. (Naut.) Left aground on the height of a spring tide, so that it will not float till the next spring tide; -- called also beneaped. Neapolitan Ne`a*pol"i*tan (?), a. [L. Neapolitanus, fr. Neapolis Naples, Gr. Of of pertaining to Maples in Italy. -- n. A native or citizen of Naples. Near Near (?), adv. [AS. ne\'a0r, compar. of ne\'a0h nigh. See Nigh.] 1. At a little distance, in place, time, manner, or degree; not remote; nigh. My wife! my traitress! let her not come near me. Milton. 2. Nearly; almost; well-nigh. "Near twenty years ago." Shak. "Near a fortnight ago." Addison. Near about the yearly value of the land. Locke. 3. Closely; intimately. Shak. Far and near, at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region. -- To come near to, to want but little of; to approximate to. "Such a sum he found would go near to ruin him." Addison. -- Near the wind (Naut.), close to the wind; closehauled. Near Near (?), a. [Compar. Nearer (?); superl. Nearest.] [See Near, adv.] 1. Not far distant in time, place, or degree; not remote; close at hand; adjacent; neighboring; nigh. "As one near death." Shak. He served great Hector, and was ever near, Not with his trumpet only, but his spear. Dryden. 2. Closely connected or related. She is thy father's near kinswoman. Lev. xviii. 12. 3. Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; touching, or affecting intimately; intimate; dear; as, a near friend. 4. Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling; as, a version near to the original. 5. So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow; as, a near escape. 6. Next to the driver, when he is on foot; in the Unted States, on the left of an animal or a team; as, the near ox; the near leg. See Off side, under Off, a. 7. Immediate; direct; close; short. "The nearest way." Milton. 8. Close-fisted; parsimonious. [Obs. or Low, Eng.] NOTE: &hand; Ne ar ma y properly be followed by to before the thing approached'; but more frequently to is omitted, and the adjective or the adverb is regarded as a preposition. The same is also true of the word nigh. Syn. -- Nigh; close; adjacent; proximate; contiguous; present; ready; intimate; dear. Near Near, prep. Adjacent to; close by; not far from; nigh; as, the ship sailed near the land. See the Note under near, a. Near Near, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neared (?); p. pr. & vb. n Nearing.] [See Near, adv.] To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship neared the land. Near Near, v. i. To draw near; to approach. A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist! And still it neared, and neared. Coleridge. Nearctic Ne*arc"tic (?), a. [Neo + arctic.] Of or pertaining to a region of the earth's surface including all of temperate and arctic North America and Greenland. In the geographical distribution of animals, this region is marked off as the habitat certain species. Nearhand Near"hand` (?), a. & adv. Near; near at hand; closely. [Obs. or Scot.] Bacon. Near-legged Near"-legged` (?), a. Having the feet so near together that they interfere in traveling. Shak. Nearly Near"ly, adv. In a near manner; not remotely; closely; intimately; almost. Nearness Near"ness, n. The state or quality of being near; -- used in the various senses of the adjective. Nearsighted, a. Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted. -- Nearsightedness Near"sight`ed (?), a. Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted. -- Near"sight`ed*ness, n. See Myopic, and Myopia. <-- neither def2 nor wordforms --> Neat Neat (?), n. sing. & pl. [AS. ne\'a0t; akin to OHG. n, Icel. naut, Sw. n\'94t, Dan. n\'94d, and to AS. ne\'a2tan to make use of, G. geniessen, Goth. niutan to have a share in, have joy of, Lith. nauda use, profit.] (Zo\'94l.) Cattle of the genus Bos, as distinguished from horses, sheep, and goats; an animal of the genus Bos; as, a neat's tongue; a neat's foot. Chaucer. Wherein the herds[men] were keeping of their neat. Spenser. The steer, the heifer, and the calf Are all called neat. Shak. A neat and a sheep of his own. Tusser. Neat's-foot, an oil obtained by boiling the feet of neat cattle. It is used to render leather soft and pliable. Neat Neat, a. [See neat, n.] Of or pertaining to the genus Bos, or to cattle of that genus; as, neat cattle. Neat Neat, a. [Compar. Neater (?); superl. Neatest.] [OE. nett, F. nett, fr. L. nitidus, fr. nitere to shine. Cf. Nitid, Net, a., Natty.] 1. Free from that which soils, defiles, or disorders; clean; cleanly; tidy. If you were to see her, you would wonder what poor body it was that was so surprisingly neat and clean. Law. 2. Free from what is unbecoming, inappropriate, or tawdry; simple and becoming; pleasing with simplicity; tasteful; chaste; as, a neat style; a neat dress. 3. Free from admixture or adulteration; good of its kind; as, neat brandy. "Our old wine neat." Chapman. 4. Excellent in character, skill, or performance, etc.; nice; finished; adroit; as, a neat design; a neat thief. 5. With all deductions or allowances made; net. NOTE: [In this sense usually written net. See Net, a., 3.] neat line (Civil Engin.), a line to which work is to be built or formed. -- Neat work, work built or formed to neat lines. Syn. -- Nice; pure; cleanly; tidy; trim; spruce. 'Neath 'Neath (? OR , prep. & adv. An abbreviation of Beneath. [Poetic] Neatherd Neat"herd` (?), n. A person who has the care of neat cattle; a cowherd. Dryden. Neathouse Neat"house` (?), n. A building for the shelter of neat cattle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Massinger. Neatify Neat"i*fy (?), v. t. [Neat, a. + -fy.] To make neat. [Obs.] olland. Neatly Neat"ly, adv. In a neat manner; tidily; tastefully. neatness neat"ness, n. The state or quality of being neat. Neatress Neat"ress (?), n. [From neat cattle.] A woman who takes care of cattle. [R.] Warner. Neb Neb (?), n. [AS. nebb head, face; akin to D. neb, Icel. nef, beak of a bird, nose, Dan. n\'91b beak, bill, Sw. n\'84bb, n\'84f, and prob. also to D. sneb, snavel, bill, beak, G. schnabel, Dan. & Sw. snabel, and E. snap. Cf. Nib, Snap, Snaffle.] The nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as of a pen. [Also written nib.] Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 967 Nebalia Ne*ba"li*a (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small marine Crustacea, considered the type of a distinct order (Nebaloidea, or Phyllocarida.) Neb-neb Neb"-neb` (?), n. Same as Bablh. Nebula Neb"u*la (?), n.; pl. Nebul\'91 (#). [L., mist, cloud; akin to Gr. nebel mist, OHG. nebul, D. nevel, Skr. nabhas cloud, mist. Cf. Nebule.] 1. (Astron.) A faint, cloudlike, self-luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebul\'91 are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope. <-- also applied now to galaxies --> 2. (Med.) (a) A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. [Obs.] Nebular Neb"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to nebul\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula. Nebular hypothesis, an hypothesis to explain the process of formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter. Nebulated Neb"u*la`ted (?), a. Clouded with indistinct color markings, as an animal. nebulation neb`u*la"tion (?), n. The condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill-defined, color mark. Nebule Neb"ule (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82bule. See nebula.] A little cloud; a cloud. [Obs.] O light without nebule. Old Ballad. N\'82bul\'82, Nebuly N\'82`bu`l\'82" (?), Neb"u*ly (?), a. [F. n\'82bul\'82.] (Her.) Composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a cloud; -- said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary may be bounded. Nebulization Neb`u*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The act or process of nebulizing; atomization. Nebulize Neb"u*lize (?), v. t. [See Nebula.] To reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize. Nebulizer Neb"u*li`zer (?), n. An atomizer. Nebulose Neb"u*lose` (?), a. Nebulous; cloudy. Derham. Nebulosity Neb`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. nebulositas: cf. F. n\'82bulosit\'82] 1. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; hazeness; mistiness; nebulousness. The nebulosity ... of the mother idiom. I. Disraeli. 2. (Astron.) (a) The stuff of which a nebula is formed. (b) A nebula. Nebulous Neb"u*lous (?), a. [L. nebulosus: cf. F. n\'82buleux. See Nebula.] 1. Cloudy; hazy; misty. 2. (Astron.) Of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula; nebular; cloudlike. -- Neb"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Neb"u*lous*ness, n. Nebuly Neb"u*ly, n. (Her. & Arch.) A line or a direction composed of successive short curves or waves supposed to resembe a cloud. See N\'90bul\'90 Necessarian Nec`es*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82cessarien. See Mecessary.] An advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a nacessitarian. Necessarian Nec`es*sa"ri*an, a. Of or pertaining to necessarianism. Necessarianism Nec`es*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; necessitarianism. Hixley. Necessarily Nec"es*sa*ri*ly (?), adv. In a necessary manner; by necessity; unavoidably; indispensably. Necessariness Nec"es*sa*ri*ness, n. The quality of being necessary. Necessary Nec"es*sa*ry (?), a. [L. necessarius, from necesse unavoidable, necessary; of uncertain origin: cf. F. n\'82cessaire.] 1. Such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided; inevitable. Death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come. Shak. 2. Impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable; requiste; essential. "'T is necessary he should die." Shak. A certain kind of temper is necessary to the pleasure and quiet of our minds. Tillotson. 3. Acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; -- opposed to free; as, whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed. Necessary Nec"es*sa*ry, n.; pl. Necessaries (. 1. A thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose; something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the necessaries of life. 2. A privy; a water-closet. 3. pl. (Law) Such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married women, as are requisite for support suitable to station. Necessitarian Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to libertarian. Necessitarian Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism. Necessitarianism Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; deteminism. M. Arnold. Necessitate Ne*ces"si*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necessitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Necessitating (?).] [Cf. L. necessitatus, p.p. of necessitare, and F. n\'82cessiter. See Necessity.] 1. To make necessary or indispensable; to render unaviolable. Sickness [might] necessitate his removal from the court. South. This fact necessitates a second line. J. Peile. 2. To reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel. The Marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was necessitated to draw all his army into York. Clarendon. Necessitattion Ne*ces`si*tat"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82cessitation.] The act of making necessary, or the state of being made necessary; compulsion. [R.] bp. Bramhall. Necessitied Ne*ces"si*tied (?), a. In a state of want; necessitous. [Obs.] Shak. Necessitous Ne*ces"si*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82cessiteux.] 1. Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty. Necessitous heirs and penurious parents. Arbuthnot. 2. Narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; as, necessitous circumstances. -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ly, adv. -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ness, n. Necessitude Ne*ces"si*tude (?), n. [L. necessitudo, fr. necesse. See Necessray.] 1. Necessitousness; want. Sir M. Hale. 2. Necessary connection or relation. Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there is so great a necessitude, propriety, and intercourse of nature. Jer. Taylor. Necessity Ne*ces"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Necessities (#). [OE. necessite, F. n\'82cessit\'82, L. necessitas, fr. necesse. See Necessary.] 1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness. 2. The condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need; indigence; want. Urge the necessity and state of times. Shak. The extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in. Clarendon. 3. That which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something indispensable; -- often in the plural. These should be hours for necessities, Not for delights. Shak. What was once to me Mere matter of the fancy, now has grown The vast necessity of heart and life. Tennyson. 4. That which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate; fatality. So spake the fiend, and with necessity, The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds. Milton. 5. (Metaph.) The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism. Of necessity, by necessary consequence; by compulsion, or irresistible power; perforce. Syn. -- See Need. Neck Neck (?), n. [OE. necke, AS. hnecca; akin to D. nek the nape of the neck, G. nacken, OHG. nacch, hnacch, Icel. hnakki, Sw. nacke, Dan. nakke.] 1. The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk. 2. Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal; as: (a) The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd. (b) A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. (c) (Mus.) That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board. 3. (Mech.) A reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a groove around it; as, a neck forming the journal of a shaft. 4. (Bot.) the point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the root. Neck and crop, completely; wholly; altogether; roughly and at once. [Colloq.] -- Neck and neck (Racing), so nearly equal that one cannot be said to be before the other; very close; even; side by side. -- Neck of a capital. (Arch.) See Gorgerin. -- Neck of a cascabel (Gun.), the part joining the knob to the base of the breech. -- Neck of a gun, the small part of the piece between the chase and the swell of the muzzle. -- Neck of a tooth (Anat.), the constriction between the root and the crown. -- Neck or nothing (Fig.), at all risks. -- Neck verse. (a) The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty-first Psalm, "Miserere mei," etc. Sir W. Scott. (b) Hence, a verse or saying, the utterance of which decides one's fate; a shibboleth. These words, "bread and cheese," were their neck verse or shibboleth to distinguish them; all pronouncing "broad and cause," being presently put to death. Fuller. -- Neck yoke. (a) A bar by which the end of the tongue of a wagon or carriage is suspended from the collars of the harnesses. (b) A device with projecting arms for carrying things (as buckets of water or sap) suspended from one's shoulders. -- On the neck of, immediately after; following closely. "Commiting one sin on the neck of another." W. Perkins. -- Stiff neck, obstinacy in evil or wrong; inflexible obstinacy; contumacy. "I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck." Deut. xxxi. 27. -- To break the neck of, to destroy the main force of. "What they presume to borrow from her sage and virtuous rules... breaks the neck of their own cause." Milton.<-- = break the back of --> -- To harden the neck, to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious. Neh. ix. 17. -- To tread on the neck of, to oppress; to tyrannize over. Neck Neck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Necking.] (Mech.) To reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a groove around it; -- used with down; as, to neck down a shaft. <-- 2. v. t. & i. To kiss and caress amorously. n. necking --> Neckar nut Neck"ar nut` (?). (Bot.) See Nicker nut. Neckband Neck"band` (?), n. A band which goes around the neck; often, the part at the top of a garment. Neckcloth Neck"cloth` (?; 115), n. A piece of any fabric worn around the neck. Necked Necked (?), a. 1. Having (such) a neck; -- chiefly used in composition; as, stiff-necked. 2. (Naut.) Cracked; -- said of a treenail. Neckerchief Neck"er*chief (?), n. [For neck kerchief.] A kerchief for the neck; -- called also neck handkerchief. Necking Neck"ing, n. Same as Neckmold. Necklace Neck"lace (?; 48), n. 1. A string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn around the neck as an ornament. 2. (Naut.) A rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging blocks for jibs and stays. necklaced neck"laced (?), a. Wearing a necklace; marked as with a necklace. The hooded and the necklaced snake. Sir W. Jones. neckland neck"land (?), n. A neck of land. [Obs.] necklet neck"let (?), n. A necklace. E. Anold. Neckmold, Neckmould Neck"mold`, Neck"mould` (?), n. (Arch.) A small convex molding surrounding a column at the jinction of the shaft and capital. Weale. Neckplate Neck"plate` (?), n. See Gorget, 1 and 2. Necktie Neck"tie` (?), n. A scarf, band, or kerchief of silk, etc., passing around the neck or collar and tied in front; a bow of silk, etc., fastened in front of the neck. Neckwear Neck"wear` (?), n. A collective term for cravats, collars, etc. [Colloq. or trade name] Neckweed Neck"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An American annual weed (veronica peregrina), with small white flowers and a roundish pod. (b) The hemp; -- so called as furnishing ropes for hanging criminals. Dr. prior. Necrobiosis Nec`ro*bi*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol. & Med.) The death of a part by molecular disintegration and without loss of continuity, as in the processes of degeneration and atrophy.<-- a normal dying out of cells in a tissue, contrast to necrosis --> Virchow. Necrobiotic Nec`ro*bi*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol. & Med.) Of or pertaining to necrobiosis; as, a necrobiotic metamorphosis. Necrolatry Ne*crol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the dead; manes worship. H. Spenser. Necrolite Nec"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) Same as Necronite. Necrologic, Necrological Nec`ro*log"ic (?), Nec`ro*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82crologique.] Of or pertaining to necrology; of the nature of necrology; relating to, or giving, an account of the dead, or of deaths. Necrologist Ne*crol"o*gist (?), n. One who gives an account of deaths. Necrology Ne*crol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Necrologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F. n\'82crologie. See Necromancy.] An account of deaths, or of the dead; a register of deaths; a collection of obituary notices. Necromancer Nec"ro*man`cer (?), n. One who practices necromancy; a sorcerer; a wizard. Necromancy Nec"ro*man`cy (?), n. [OE. nigromaunce, nigromancie, OF. nigromance, F. n\'82cromance, n\'82cromancie, from L. necromantia, Gr. necare to kill, Skr. na() to perish, vanish) + mania. See Mania, and cf. Internecine, Noxious. The old spelling is due to confusion with L. niger black. Hence the name black art.] The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general; conjuration; enchantment. See Black art. This palace standeth in the air, By necromancy plac\'8ad there. Drayton. Necromantic Nec`ro*man"tic (?), n. Conjuration. [R.] With all the necromantics of their art. Young. Necromantic, Necromantical Nec`ro*man"tic (?), Nec`ro*man"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy. -- Nec`ro*man"tic*al*ly, adv. Necronite Nec"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Fetid feldspar, a mineral which, when struck, exhales a fetid odor. Necrophagan Ne*croph"a*gan (?), a. [See Necrophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating carrion. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of a tribe (Necrophaga) of beetles which, in the larval state, feed on carrion; a burying beetle. Necrophagous Ne*croph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. n\'82crophage.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Necrophaga; eating carrion. See Necrophagan. Necrophobia Nec`ro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. An exaggerated fear of death or horror of dead bodies. Necrophore Nec"ro*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of beetles of the genus Necrophorus and allied genera; -- called also burying beetle, carrion beetle, sexton beetle. Necropolis Ne*crop"o*lis (?), n.; pl. Necropolises (#). [NL., fr. Gr. A city of the dead; a name given by the ancients to their cemeteries, and sometimes applied to modern burial places; a graveyard. Necropsy Nec"rop*sy (?), n. [Gr. n\'82cropsie.] (Med.) A post-mortem examination or inspection; an autopsy. See Autopsy. Necroscopic, Necroscopical Nec`ro*scop"ic (?), Nec`ro*scop"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. -scope.] Or or relating to post-mortem examinations. Necrose Ne*crose" (?), v. t. & i. (Med.) To affect with necrosis; to unergo necrosis. Quain. Necrosed Ne*crosed" (?), a. (Med.) Affected by necrosis; dead; as, a necrosed bone. Dunglison. _________________________________________________________________ Page 968 Necrosis Ne*cro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. 1. (med.) Mortification or gangrene of bone, or the death of a bone or portion of a bone in mass, as opposed to its death by molecular disintegration. See Caries.<-- now used differently : modern def = "pathologic death of part of a tissue due to irreversible damage" i.e. not just bone. Contrast to necrobiosis, which is a normal death of cels in a tissue --> 2. (Bot.) A disease of trees, in which the branches gradually dry up from the bark to the center. Necrotic Ne*crot"ic (?), a. (Med.) Affected with necrosis; as, necrotic tissue; characterized by, or producing, necrosis; as, a necrotic process. Nectar Nec"tar (?), n. [L., fr. gr. 1. (Myth. & Poetic) The drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any delicious or inspiring beverage. 2. (Bot.) A sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey. Nectareal Nec*ta"re*al (?), a. 1. Nectareous. 2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a nectary. Nectarean Nec*ta"re*an (?), a. [L. nectareus: cf. F. nectar\'82en.] Resembling nectar; very sweet and pleasant. "nectarean juice." Talfourd. Nectared Nec"tared (?), a. Imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar. Milton. Nectareous Nec*ta"re"ous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar; delicious; nectarean. Pope. -- Nec*ta"re*ous*ly, adv. -- Nec*ta"re*ous*ness, n. Nectarial Nec*ta"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the nectary of a plant. Nectaried Nec"ta*ried (?), a. Having a nectary. Nectariferous Nec`tar*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. nectar nectar + -ferous: cf. F. nectarif\'8are.] (Bot.) Secreting nectar; -- said of blossoms or their parts. Nectarine Nec"tar*ine (?), a. Nectareous. [R.] Milton. Nectarine Nec"tar*ine, n. [Cf. F. nectarine. See Nectar.] (Bot.) A smooth-skinned variety of peach. Spanish nectarine, the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; -- also called cocoa plum. it is made into a sweet conserve which a largely exported from Cuba. Nectarize Nec"tar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nectarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nectarizing (?).] To mingle or infuse with nectar; to sweeten. [Obs.] Cockeram. Nectarous Nec"tar*ous (?), a. Nectareous. Milton. Nectary Nec"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Nectaries (#). [From Nectar: cf. F. nectaire.] (Bot.) That part of a blossom which secretes nectar, usually the base of the corolla or petals; also, the spur of such flowers as the larkspur and columbine, whether nectariferous or not. See the Illustration of Nasturtium. Nectocalyx Nec`to*ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. Nectocalyces (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The swimming bell or umbrella of a jellyfish of medusa. (b) One of the zooids of certain Siphonophora, having somewhat the form, and the essential structure, of the bell of a jellyfish, and acting as a swimming organ. Nectosac, Nectosack Nec"to*sac, Nec"to*sack (?), n. [Gr. sac, sack.] (Zo\'94l.) The cavity of a nectocalyx. Nectostem Nec"to*stem (?), n. [Gr. stem.] (Zo\'94l.) That portion of the axis which bears the nectocalyces in the Siphonophora. Nedder Ned"der (?), n. [See Adder.] (Zo\'94l.) An adder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Neddy Ned"dy (?), n.; pl. Neddies (. (Zo\'94l.) A pet name for a donkey. Nee Nee (?), p. p., fem. [F., fr. L. nata, fem. of natus, p.p. of nasci to be born. See Nation.] Born; -- a term sometimes used in introducing the name of the family to which a married woman belongs by birth; as, Madame de Sta\'89l, n\'82e Necker.<-- i.e. maiden name --> Need Need (?), n. [OE. need, neod, nede, AS. ne\'a0d, n&ymac;d; akin to D. nood, G. not, noth, Icel. nau&edh;r, Sw. & Dan. n\'94d, Goth. naups.] 1. A state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for something; necessity; urgent want. And the city had no need of the sun. Rev. xxi. 23. I have no need to beg. Shak. Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy. Jer. Taylor. 2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution. Chaucer. Famine is in thy cheeks; Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes. Shak. 3. That which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (pl.) necessary things; business. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. Situation of need; peril; danger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Exigency; emergency; strait; extremity; necessity; distress; destitution; poverty; indigence; want; penury. -- Need, Necessity. Necessity is stronger than need; it places us under positive compulsion. We are frequently under the necessity of going without that of which we stand very greatly in need. It is also with the corresponding adjectives; necessitous circumstances imply the direct pressure of suffering; needy circumstances, the want of aid or relief. Need Need (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Needed; p. pr. & vb. n. Needing.] [See Need, n. Cf. AS. n to force, Goth. nau.] To be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to require, as supply or relief. Other creatures all day long Rove idle, unemployed, and less need rest. Milton. NOTE: &hand; Wi th an other ve rb, ne ed is used like an auxiliary, generally in a negative sentence expressing requirement or obligation, and in this use it undergoes no change of termination in the third person singular of the present tense. "And the lender need not fear he shall be injured." Anacharsis (Trans. ). Need Need, v. i. To be wanted; to be necessary. Chaucer. When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that needs. Locke. Need Need, adv. Of necessity. See Needs. [Obs.] Chaucer. Needer Need"er (?), n. One who needs anything. Shak. Needful Need"ful (?), a. 1. Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing. [Archaic] Chaucer. The needful time of trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer. 2. Necessary for supply or relief; requisite. All things needful for defense abound. Dryden. -- Need"ful*ly, adv. -- Need"ful*ness, n. Needily Need"i*ly (?), adv. [From Needy.] In a needy condition or manner; necessarily. Chaucer. Neediness Need"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being needy; want; poverty; indigence. Needle Nee"dle (?), n. [OE. nedle, AS. n; akin to D. neald, OS. n\'bedla, G. nadel, OHG. n\'bedal, n\'bedala, Icel. n\'bel, Sw. n\'86l, Dan. naal, and also to G. n\'84hen to sew, OHG. n\'bejan, L. nere to spin, Gr. snare: cf. Gael. & Ir. snathad needle, Gael. snath thread, G. schnur string, cord.] 1. A small instrument of steel, sharply pointed at one end, with an eye to receive a thread, -- used in sewing. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; In some needles(as for sewing machines) the eye is at the pointed end, but in ordinary needles it is at the blunt end. 2. See Magnetic needle, under Magnetic. 3. A slender rod or wire used in knitting; a knitting needle; also, a hooked instrument which carries the thread or twine, and by means of which knots or loops are formed in the process of netting, knitting, or crocheting. 4. (Bot.) One of the needle-shaped secondary leaves of pine trees. See Pinus. 5. Any slender, pointed object, like a needle, as a pointed crystal, a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc. Dipping needle. See under Dipping. -- Needle bar, the reciprocating bar to which the needle of a sewing machine is attached. -- Needle beam (Arch.), to shoring, the horizontal cross timber which goes through the wall or a pier, and upon which the weight of the wall rests, when a building is shored up to allow of alterations in the lower part. -- Needle furze (Bot.), a prickly leguminous plant of Western Europe; the petty whin (Genista Anglica). -- Needle gun, a firearm loaded at the breech with a cartridge carrying its own fulminate, which is exploded by driving a slender needle, or pin, into it. -- Needle loom (Weaving), a loom in which the weft thread is carried through the shed by a long eye-pointed needle instead of by a shuttle. -- Needle ore (Min.), acicular bismuth; a sulphide of bismuth, lead, and copper occuring in acicular crystals; -- called also aikinite. -- Needle shell (Zo\'94l.), a sea urchin. -- Needle spar (Min.), aragonite. -- Needle telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are given by the deflections of a magnetic needle to the right or to the left of a certain position. -- Sea needle (Zo\'94l.), the garfish. Needle Nee"dle, v. t. To form in the shape of a needle; as, to needle crystals. Needle Nee"dle, v. i. To form needles; to crystallize in the form of needles. Needlebook Nee"dle*book` (?), n. A book-shaped needlecase, having leaves of cloth into which the needles are stuck. Needlecase Nee"dle*case` (?), n. A case to keep needles. Needlefish Nee"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European great pipefich (Siphostoma, OR Syngnathus, acus); -- called also earl, and tanglefish. (b) The garfish. needleful nee"dle*ful (?), n.; pl. needlefuls (. As much thread as is used in a needle at one time. Needle-pointed Nee"dle-pointed` (?), a. Pointed as needles. Needler Nee"dler (?), n. One who makes or uses needles; also, a dealer in needles. Piers Plowman. Needless Nee"dless (?), a. 1. Having no need. [Obs.] Weeping into the needless stream. Shak. 2. Not wanted; unnecessary; not requiste; as, needless labor; needless expenses. 3. Without sufficient cause; groundless; cuseless. "Needless jealousy." Shak. -- Need"less*ly, adv. -- Need"less*ness, n. Needlestone Nee"dle*stone` (?), n. (Min.) Natrolite; -- called also needle zeolite. Needlewoman Nee"dle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Needlewomen (. A woman who does needlework; a seamstress. Needlework Nee"dle*work` (?), n. 1. Work executed with a needle; sewed work; sewing; embroidery; also, the business of a seamstress. 2. The combination of timber and plaster making the outside framework of some houses. Needly Nee"dly (?), a. Like a needle or needles; as, a needly horn; a needly beard. R. D. Blackmore. Needly Need"ly (?), adv. [AS. n. See Need.] Necessarily; of necessity. [Obs.] hak. Needment Need"ment (?), n. Something needed or wanted. pl. Outfit; necessary luggage. [Archaic] Spenser. Carrying each his needments. Wordsworth. Needs Needs (?), adv. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. -wards.] Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. A man must needs love mauger his head. Chaucer. And he must needs go through Samaria. John iv. 4. He would needs know the cause of his reulse. Sir J. Davies. Needscost Needs"cost` (?), adv. Of necessity. [Obs.] Chaucer. Needsly Needs"ly, adv. Of necessity. [Obs.] Drayton. Needy Need"y (?), a. [Compar. Needer (?); superl. Neediest.] 1. Distressed by want of the means of living; very por; indigent; necessitous. Thou shalt open thy hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy in thy land. Deut. xv. 11. Spare the bluches of needly merit. Dr. T. Dwight. 2. Necessary; requiste. [Obs.] Corn to make your needy bread. Shak. Neeld, Neele Neeld (?), Neele (?), n. [See Needle.] A needle. [Obs.] Shak. Neelghau Neel"ghau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Nylghau. Neem tree Neem" tree` (?). [Hind. n\'c6m.] (Bot.) An Asiatic name for Melia Azadirachta, and M. Azedarach. See Margosa. Neer Neer (?), adv. & a. Nearer. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ne'er Ne'er (? OR ?), adv. a contraction of Never. Neese Neese (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neesed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Neesing.] [OE. nesen; akin to D. niezen, G. niesen, Icel. hnj&omac;sa.] To sneeze. [Obs.] [Written also neeze.] Neesing Nees"ing (?), n. Sneezing. [Obs.] "By his neesings a light doth shine." Job xli. 18. Ne exeat Ne` ex"e*at (?). [L. ne exeat regno let him not go out of the kingdom.] (Law) A writ to restrain a person from leaving the country, or the jurisdiction of the court. The writ was originally applicable to purposes of state, but is now an ordinary process of courts of equity, resorted to for the purpose of obtaining bail, or security to abide a decree. Kent. Nef Nef (?; F. , n. [F. See Nave.] The nave of a church. Addison. Nefand, Nefandous Ne"fand (?), Ne*fan"dous (?), a. [L. nefandus not to be spoken; ne not + fari to speak.] Unfit to speak of; unmentionable; impious; execrable. [Obs.] "Nefand adominations." Sheldon. "Nefandous high treason." Cotton Mather. Nefarious Ne*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. nefarius, fr. nefas crime, wrong; ne not + fas divine law; akin to fari to speak. See No, adv., and Fate.] Wicked in the extreme; abominable; iniquitous; atrociously villainous; execrable; detestably vile. Syn. -- Iniquitous; detestable; horrible; heinious; atrocious; infamous; impious. See Iniquitous. -- Ne*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Ne*fa"ri*ous*ness, n. Nefasch Ne"fasch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the genus Distichodus. Several large species inhabit the Nile. Nefast Ne"fast (?), a. [L. nefastus.] Wicked. [R.] Negation Ne*ga"tion (?), n. [L. negatio, fr. negare to say no, to deny; ne not + the root of aio I say; cf. Gr. ah to say; cf. F. n\'82gation. See No, adv., and cf. Adage, Deny, Renegade.] 1. The act of denying; assertion of the nonreality or untruthfulness of anything; declaration that something is not, or has not been, or will not be; denial; -- the opposite of affirmation. Our assertions and negations should be yea and nay. Rogers. 2. (Logic) Description or definition by denial, exclusion, or exception; statement of what a thing is not, or has not, from which may be inferred what it is or has. Negative Neg"a*tive (?), a. [F. n\'82gatif, L. negativus, fr. negare to deny. See Negation.] 1. Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; -- opposed to affirmative. If thou wilt confess, Or else be impudently negative. Shak. Denying me any power of a negative voice. Eikon Basilike. Something between an affirmative bow and a negative shake. Dickens. 2. Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a negative argument; a negative morality; negative criticism. There in another way of denying Christ, ... which is negative, when we do not acknowledge and confess him. South. 3. (Logic) Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; as, a negative proposition. 4. (Photog.) Of or pertaining to a picture upon glass or other material, in which the lights and shades of the original, and the relations of right and left, are reversed. 5. (Chem.) Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contracted with positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd, de rived fr om el ectro-negative, is now commonly used in a more general sense, when acidiferous is the intended signification. Negative crystal. (a) A cavity in a mineral mass, having the form of a crystal. (b) A crystal which has the power of negative double refraction. See refraction. -- negative electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity which is developed upon resin or ebonite when rubbed, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery which is connected with the plate most attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called resinous electricity. Opposed to positive electricity. Formerly, according to Franklin's theory of a single electric fluid, negative electricity was supposed to be electricity in a degree below saturation, or the natural amount for a given body. see Electricity. -- Negative eyepiece. (Opt.) see under Eyepiece. -- Negative quantity (Alg.), a quantity preceded by the negative sign, or which stands in the relation indicated by this sign to some other quantity. See Negative sign (below). -- Negative rotation, right-handed rotation. See Right-handed, 3. -- Negative sign, the sign -, or minus (opposed in signification to +, or plus), indicating that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted from the preceding quantity, or is to be reckoned from zero or cipher in the opposite direction to that of quanties having the sign plus either expressed or understood; thus, in a - b, b is to be substracted from a, or regarded as opposite to it in value; and -10\'f8 on a thermometer means 10\'f8 below the zero of the scale. _________________________________________________________________ Page 969 Negative Neg"a*tive, n. [Cf. F. n\'82gative.] 1. A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception. This is a known rule in divinity, that there is no command that runs in negatives but couches under it a positive duty. South. 2. A word used in denial or refusal; as, not, no. NOTE: &hand; In Old England two or more negatives were often joined together for the sake of emphasis, whereas now such expressions are considered ungrammatical, being chiefly heard in iliterate speech. A double negative is now sometimes used as nearly or quite equivalent to an affirmative. No wine ne drank she, neither white nor red. Chaucer. These eyes that never did nor never shall So much as frown on you. Shak. 3. The refusal or withholding of assents; veto. If a kind without his kingdom be, in a civil sense, nothing, then ... his negative is as good as nothing. Milton. 4. That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial or opposition; as, the question was decided in the negative. 5. (Photog.) A picture upon glass or other material, in which the light portions of the original are represented in some opaque material (usually reduced silver), and the dark portions by the uncovered and transparent or semitransparent ground of the picture. NOTE: &hand; A ne gative is chiefly used for producing photographs by means of the sun's light passing through it and acting upon sensitized paper, thus producing on the paper a positive picture. <-- now, not sun's light but artificial light is used --> 6. (Elect.) The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell. Negative pregnant (Law), a negation which implies an affirmation. Negative Neg"a*tive (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negatived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Negativing.] 1. To prove unreal or intrue; to disprove. The omission or infrequency of such recitals does not negative the existence of miracles. Paley. 2. To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; as, the Senate negatived the bill. 3. To neutralize the force of; to counteract. Negatively Neg"a*tive*ly, adv. 1. In a negative manner; with or by denial. "He answered negatively." Boyle. 2. In the form of speech implying the absence of something; -- opposed to positively. negatively, by showing wherein it does not consist, and positively, by showing wherein it does consist. South. Negatively charged OR electrified (Elec.), having a charge of the kind of electricity called negative. Negativeness, Negativity Neg"a*tive*ness, Neg`a*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being negative. Negatory Neg"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. negatorius: cf. F. n\'82gatorie.] Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative. Carlyle. Neginoth Neg"i*noth (?), n. pl. [Heb. n&ecr;g\'c6n&omac;th.] (Script.) Stringed instruments. Dr. W. Smith. To the chief musician on Neginoth. Ps. iv. 9heading). Neglect Neg*lect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neglected; p. pr. & vb. n. Neglecting.] [L. neglectus, p.p. of neglegere (negligere) to disregard, neglect, the literal sense prob. neing, not to pick up; nec not, nor (fr. ne not + -que, a particle akin to Goth. -h, -uh, and prob. to E. who; cf. Goth. nih nor) + L. legere to pick up, gather. See No, adv., Legend, Who.] 1. Not to attend to with due care or attention; to forbear one's duty in regard to; to suffer to pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit; to disregard; to slight; as, to neglect duty or business; to neglect to pay debts. I hope My absence doth neglect no great designs. Shak. This, my long suffering and my day of grace, Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste. Milton. 2. To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight; as, to neglect strangers. Syn. -- To slight; overlook; disregard; disesteem; contemn. See Slight. Neglect Neg*lect", n. [L. neglectus. See Neglect, v.] 1. Omission of proper attention; avoidance or disregard of duty, from heedlessness, indifference, or willfulness; failure to do, use, or heed anything; culpable disregard; as, neglect of business, of health, of economy. To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame, Or our neglect, we lost her as we came. Milton. 2. Omission if attention or civilities; slight; as, neglect of strangers. 3. Habitual carelessness; negligence. Age breeds neglect in all. Denham. 4. The state of being disregarded, slighted, or neglected. Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect. Prior. Syn. -- Negligence; inattention; disregard; disesteem; remissness; indifference. See Negligence. <-- benign neglect. -- A deliberate policy of minimizing public discussion of a controversial issue [by the president] on the theory that excessive discussion in itself is harmful or counterproductive --> Neglectedness Neg*lect"ed*ness, n. The state of being neglected. Neglecter Neg*lect"er (?), n. One who neglects. South. Neglectful Neg*lect"ful (?), a. Full of neglect; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive; indifferent. Pope. A cold and neglectful countenance. Locke. Though the Romans had no great genius for trade, yet they were not entirely neglectful of it. Arbuthnot. -- Neg*lect"ful*ly, adv. -- Neg*lect"ful*ness, n. Neglectingly Neg*lect"ing*ly, adv. Carelessly; heedlessly. Shak. Neglection Neg*lec"tion (?), n. [L. neglectio.] The state of being negligent; negligence. [Obs.] Shak. Neglective Neg*lect"ive (?), a. Neglectful. [R.] "Neglective of their own children." Fuller. Negligee Neg`li*gee" (?), n. [F. n\'82glig\'82, fr. n\'82gliger to neglect, L. negligere. See Neglect.] An easy, unceremonious attire; undress; also, a kind of easy robe or dressing gown worn by women. Negligence Neg"li*gence (?), n. [F. n\'82gligence, L. negligentia.] The quality or state of being negligent; lack of due diligence or care; omission of duty; habitual neglect; heedlessness. 2. An act or instance of negligence or carelessness. remarking his beauties, ... I must also point out his negligences and defects. Blair. 3. (Law) The omission of the care usual under the circumstances, being convertible with the Roman culpa. A specialist is bound to higher skill and diligence in his specialty than one who is not a specialist, and liability for negligence varies acordingly. Contributory negligence. See under Contributory. Syn. -- Neglect; inattention; heedlessness; disregard; slight. -- Negligence, Neglect. These two words are freely interchanged in our older writers; but a distinction has gradually sprung up between them. As now generally used, negligence is the habit, and neglect the act, of leaving things undone or unattended to. We are negligent as a general trait of character; we are guilty of neglect in particular cases, or in reference to individuals who had a right to our attentions. Negligent Neg"li*gent (?), a. [F. n\'82gligent, L. negligens,p.pr. of negligere. See Neglect.] Apt to neglect; customarily neglectful; characterized by negligence; careless; heedless; culpably careless; showing lack of attention; as, disposed in negligent order. "Be thou negligent of fame." Swift. He that thinks he can afford to be negligent is not far from being poor. Rambler. Syn. -- Careles; heedless; neglectful; regardless; thoughtless; indifferent; inattentive; remiss. Negligently Neg"li*gent*ly (?), adv. In a negligent manner. Negligible Neg"li*gi*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82gligible, n\'82gligeable.] That may neglicted, disregarded, or left out of consideration. Within very negligible limits of error. Sir J. Herschel. Negoce Ne*goce" (?), n. [F. n\'82goce. See Negotiate.] Business; occupation. [Obs.] Bentley. Negotiability Ne*go`ti*a*bil"i*ty (? OR ?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82gociabilit\'82.] The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsement. Negotiable Ne*go"ti*a*ble (? OR ?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82gotiable. See Negotiate.] Capable of being negotiated; transferable by assigment or indorsement to another person; as, a negotiable note or bill of exchange. Negotiable paper, any commercial paper transferable by sale or delivery and indorsement, as bills of exchange, drafts, checks, and promissory notes. Negotiant Ne*go"ti*ant (?), n. [L. negotians, prop. p.pr. of negotiari: cf. F. n\'82gociant.] A negotiator. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh. Negotiate Ne*go"ti*ate (?), v. i. [L. negotiatus, p.p. of negotiari, fr. negotium business; nec not + otium leisure. Cf. Neglect.] 1. To transact business; to carry on trade. [Obs.] Hammond. 2. To treat with another respecting purchase and sale or some business affair; to bargain or trade; as, to negotiate with a man for the purchase of goods or a farm. 3. To hold intercourse respecting a treaty, league, or convention; to treat with, respecting peace or commerce; to conduct communications or conferences. He that negotiates between God and man Is God's ambassador. Cowper. 4. To intrigue; to scheme. [Obs.] Bacon. Negotiate Ne*go"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negotiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Negotiating (?).] 1. To carry on negotiations concerning; to procure or arrange for by negotiation; as, to negotiate peace, or an exchange. Constantinople had negotiated in the isles of the Archipelago ... the most indispensable supplies. Gibbon. 2. To transfer for a valuable consideration under rules of commercial law; to sell; to pass. The notes were not negotiated to them in the usual course of business or trade. Kent. Negotiation Ne*go`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. negotiatio: cf. F. n\'82gociation.] 1. The act or process of negotiating; a treating with another respecting sale or purchase. etc. 2. Hence, mercantile business; trading. [Obs.] Who had lost, with these prizes, forty thousand pounds, after twenty years' negotiation in the East Indies. Evelyn. 3. The transaction of business between nations; the mutual intercourse of governments by diplomatic agents, in making treaties, composing difference, etc.; as, the negotiations at Ghent. An important negotiation with foreign powers. Macaulay. Negotiator Ne*go"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. n\'82gociateur.] One who negotiates; a person who treats with others, either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public compacts. Negotiatory Ne*go"ti*a*to*ry (? OR ?), a. Of or pertaining to negotiation. Negotiatrix Ne*go`ti*a"trix (?), n. [L.] A woman who negotiates. Miss Edgeworth. Negotiosity Ne*go`ti*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. negotiositas.] The state of being busy; multitude of business. [Obs.] Negotious Ne*go"tious (?), a. [L. negotiosus.] Very busy; attentive to business; active. [R.] D. Rogers. Negotiousness Ne*go"tious*ness, n. The state of being busily occupied; activity. [R.] D. Rogers. Negress Ne"gress (?), n.; pl. Negresses (. [Cf. F. n\'82grese, fem. of n\'82gre a negro. See Negro.] A black woman; a female negro. Negrita Ne*gri"ta (?), n. [Sp., blackish, fem. of negrito, dim. of negro black.] (Zo\'94l.) A blackish fish (Hypoplectrus nigricans), of the Sea-bass family. It is a native of the West Indies and Florida. Negritic Ne*grit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to negroes; composed of negroes. Keary. Negritos Ne*gri"tos (?), n. pl.; sing Negrito (. [Sp., dim. of negro black.] (Ethnol.) A degraded Papuan race, inhabiting Luzon and some of the other east Indian Islands. They resemble negroes, but are smaller in size. They are mostly nomads. Negro Ne"gro (?), n.; pl. Negroes (. [Sp. or Pg. negro, fr. negro black, L. niger; perh. akin to E. night.] A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood, wherever found.<-- 2. A person of dark skin color descended at least in part from African negroes; an African-American. [U.S. usage, sometimes considered offensive.] --> Negro Ne"gro, a. of or pertaining to negroes; black. Negro bug (Zo\'94l.), a minute black bug common on the raspberry and blackberry. It produced a very disagreeable flavor. -- negro corn, the Indian millet or durra; -- so called in the West Indies. see Durra. McElrath. -- Negro fly (Zo\'94l.), a black dipterous fly (Psila ros\'91) which, in the larval state, is injurious to carrots; -- called also carrot fly. -- Negro head (Com.), Cavendish tobacco. [Cant] McElrath. -- Negro monkey (Zo\'94l.), the moor monkey. Negroid Ne"groid (?), a. [Negro + -oid.] 1. Characteristic of the negro. 2. Resembling the negro or negroes; of or pertaining to those who resemble the negro. Negroloid Ne"gro*loid (?), a. See Negroid. Negus Ne"gus (?), n. A beverage made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice; -- so called, it is said, from its first maker, Colonel Negus. Nehiloth Ne"hi*loth (?), n. pl. [Heb.] (Script.) A term supposed to mean, perforated wind instruments of music, as pipes or flutes. Ps. v. (heading). Nehushtan Ne*hush"tan (?), n. [Heb.] A thing of brass; -- the name under which the Israelites worshiped the brazen serpent made by Moses. 2 Kings xviii. 4. Neif, Neife Neif, Neife (?), n. [OF. ne\'8bf, na\'8bf, a born serf, fr. L. nativus born, imparted by birth. See Native.] A woman born in the state of villeinage; a female serf. Blackstone. Neif, Neaf Neif, Neaf (?), n. [Icel. hnefi; akin to Dan. n\'91ve, Sw. n\'84fve.] The first. [Obs.] "I kiss thy neif." "Give me your neaf." Shak. Neigh Neigh (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Neighing.] [OE. neien, AS. hn, prob. of imitative origin; cf. MHG. n, Icel. hneggja, gneggja, Sw. gn\'84gga. Cf. Nag a horse.] 1. To utter the cry of the horse; to whinny. 2. To scoff or sneer; to jeer. [Obs.] Neighed at his nakedness. Beau. & Fl. Neigh Neigh, n. The cry of a horse; a whinny. Neighbor Neigh"bor (?), n. [OE. neighebour, AS. ne\'a0hgeb; ne\'a0h nigh + gebr a dweller, farmer; akin to D. nabuur, G. nachbar, OHG. n\'behgib. See Nigh, and Boor.] [Spelt also neighbour.] 1. A person who lives near another; one whose abode is not far off. Chaucer. Masters, my good friends, mine honest neighbors. Shak. 2. One who is near in sympathy or confidence. Buckingham No more shall be the neighbor to my counsel. Shak. 3. One entitled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kindness; hence, one of the human race; a fellow being. Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbor unto him that fell among the thieves? Luke x. 36. The gospel allows no such term as "stranger;" makes every man my neighbor. South. Neighbor Neigh"bor, a. Near to another; adjoining; adjacent; next; neighboring. "The neighbor cities." Jer. l. 40. "The neighbor room." Shak. neighbor neigh"bor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neighbored (?); p. pr. & vb. n Neighboring.] 1. To adjoin; to border on; tobe near to. Leisurely ascending hills that neighbor the shore. Sandys. 2. To associate intimately with. [Obs.] Shak. Neighbor Neigh"bor, v. i. To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near. [Obs.] A copse that neighbors by. Shak. Neighborhood Neigh"bor*hood (?), n. [Written also neighbourhood.] 1. The quality or condition of being a neighbor; the state of being or dwelling near; proximity. Then the prison and the palace were in awful neighborhood. Ld. Lytton. 2. A place near; vicinity; adjoining district; a region the inhabitants of which may be counted as neighbors; as, he lives in my neighborhood. 3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity of each other; as, the fire alarmed all the neiborhood. 4. The disposition becoming a neighbor; neighborly kindness or good will. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- Vicinity; vicinaty; proximity. -- Neighborhood, Vicinity. Neigborhood is Anglo-Saxon, and vicinity is Latin. Vicinity does not commonly denote so close a connection as neighborhood. A neigborhood is a more immediately vicinity. The houses immediately adjoining a square are in the neighborhood of that square; those which are somewhat further removed are also in the vicinity of the square. Neighboring Neigh"bor*ing, a. Living or being near; adjacent; as, the neighboring nations or countries. Neighborliness Neigh"bor*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being neighborly. Neighborly Neigh"bor*ly, a. [Also written neighbourly.] Apropriate to the relation of neighbors; having frequent or familiar intercourse; kind; civil; social; friendly. -- adv. In a neigborly manner. Judge if this be neighborly dealing. Arbuthnot. Neighborship Neigh"bor*ship, n. The state of being neighbors. [R.] J. Bailie. Neishout Neis"hout (?), n. [From D. niezen to sneeze + hout wood.] (Bot.) The mahogany-like wood of the South African tree Pteroxylon utile, the sawdust of which causes violent sneezing (whence the name). Also called sneezewood. Neither Nei"ther (? OR ?; 277), a. [OE. neiter, nother, nouther, AS. n\'bew, n\'behw\'91; n\'be never, not + hw\'91 whether. The word has followed the form of either. See No, and Whether, and cf. Neuter, Nor.] Not either; not the one or the other. Which of them shall I take? Both? one? or neither? Neither can be enjoyed, If both remain alive. Shak. He neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak. Neither Nei"ther, conj. not either; generally used to introduce the first of two or more co\'94rdinate clauses of which those that follow begin with nor. Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king. 1 Kings xxii. 31. Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent, Neither had I transgressed, nor thou with me. Milton. When she put it on, she made me vow That I should neither sell, nor give, nor lose it. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ne ither was formerly often used where we now use nor. "For neither circumcision, neither uncircumcision is anything at all." Tyndale. "Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it." Gen. iii. 3. Neither is sometimes used colloquially at the end of a clause to enforce a foregoing negative (nor, not, no). "He is very tall, but not too tall neither." Addison. " \'bfI care not for his thrust' \'bfNo, nor I neither.'" Shak. Not so neither, by no means. [Obs.] Shak. Nelumbo Ne*lum"bo (?), n. [Ceylonese word.] (Bot.) A genus of great water lilies. The North American species is Nelumbo lutea, the Asiatic is the sacred lotus, N. speciosa. [Written also Nelumbium.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 970 Nemaline Nem"a*line (?), a. [L. nema thread, gr. (Min.) Having the form of threads; fibrous. Nemalite Nem"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. n\'82malite.] (Min.) A fibrous variety of brucite. Nematelmia Nem`a*tel"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nemathelminthes. Nemathecium Nem`a*the"ci*um (? OR , n.; pl. Nemathecia (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.) A peculiar kind of fructification on certain red alg\'91, consisting of an external mass of filaments at length separating into tetraspores. Nemthelminthes, Nematelminthes Nem`thel*min"thes (?), Nem`a*tel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Nemato-, and Helminthes.] (Zo\'94l.) An ordr of helminths, including the Nematoidea and Gordiacea; the roundworms. [Written also Nematelminthea.] Nemato- Nem"a*to- (?). A combining from Gr. nh^ma, nh`matos, a thread. Nematoblast Nem"a*to*blast (?), n. [Nemato- + -blast.] (Biol.) A spermatocyte or spermoblast. Nematocalyx Nem`a*to*ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. Nematocalyces (#), E. -calyxes (#). [NL. See Nemato-, and Calyx.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of cups, or calicles, found upon hydroids of the family Plumularid\'91. They contain nematocysts. See Plumularia. Nematocera Nem`a*toc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of dipterous insects, having long antenn\'91, as the mosquito, gnat, and crane fly; -- called also Nemocera. Nematocyst Nem"a*to*cyst (?), n. [Nemato- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A lasso cell, or thread cell. See Lasso cell, under Lasso. Nematode Nem"a*tode (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nematoid. Nematogene Nem"a*to*gene (?), n. [Nemato- + root of Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the dimorphic forms of the species of Dicyemata, which produced vermiform embryos; -- opposed to rhombogene. Nematognath Nem`a*tog"nath (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) one of the Nematognathi. Nematognathi Nem`a*tog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See nemato-, and Gnathic.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having barbels on the jaws. It includes the catfishes, or siluroids. See Siluroid. Nematoid Nem"a*toid (?), a. [Nemato- + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) of or pertaining to the Nematoidea. -- n. One of the Nematoidea. see Illustration in Appendix. Nematoidea Nem`a*toi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of worms, having a long, round, and generally smooth body; the roundworms. they are mostly parasites. Called also Nematodea, and Nematoda. NOTE: &hand; Th e trichina, stomach worm, and pinworm of man belong to this group. See also Vinegar eel, under Vinegar, and Gapeworm. Nematoidean Nem`a*toid"e*an (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Nematoid. Nematophora Nem`a*toph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as C\'91lenterata. Nemean Ne"me*an (?; 277), a. [L. Nemeus, fr. Nemea, Ge. Of or pertaining to Nemea, in Argolis, where the ancient Greeks celebrated games, and Hercules killed a lion. Nemetean Ne*me"te*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Nemertina. -- n. One of the Nemertina. Nemertes Ne*mer"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nemertina. Nemertian Ne*mer"ti*an (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Nemertean. Nemertid Ne*mer"tid (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Nemertean. Nemertida Ne*mer"ti*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Nemertina. Nemertina Nem`er*ti"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Nemrtes.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of helminths usually having a long, slender, smooth, often bright-colored body, covered with minute vibrating cilia; -- called also Nemertea, Nemertida, and Rhynchoc\'91la. NOTE: &hand; Th e mo uth is be neath th e he ad, an d the straight intestine at the posterior and. They have a very singular long tubular proboscis, which can be everted from a pore in the front of the head. Their nervous system and blood vessels are well developed. Some of the species become over one hundred feet long. They are mostly marine and seldom parasitic; a few inhabit fresh water. the two principal divisions are Anopla and Enopla. Nemesis Nem"e*sis (?), n. [L., fr. gr. Nomad.] (Class. Myth.) The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive justice personified; divine vengeance. This is that ancient doctrine of nemesis who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offense go unchastised. Emerson. Nemophilist Ne*moph"i*list (?), n. [See Nemophily.] One who is fond of forest or forest scenery; a haunter of the woods. [R.] Nemophily Ne*moph"i*ly (?), n. [Gr. Fondness for forest scenery; love of the woods. [R.] Nemoral Nem"o*ral (?), a. [L. nemoralis, fr. nemus, nemoris, a wood or grove: cf. F. n\'82moral.] Of or pertaining to a wood or grove. [R.] Nemorous Nem"o*rous (?), a. [L. nemorosus.] Woody. [R.] Paradise itself was but a kind of nemorous temple. Evelyn. Nempne Nemp"ne (?), v. t. [AS. nemnan to name or call. See Name, v.] To name or call. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nempt Nempt (?), p. p. of Nempne. Called; named. [Obs.] Nems Nems (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ichneumon. Nenia Ne"ni*a (?), n. [L. nenia, naenia.] A funeral song; an elegy. Nenuphar Nen"u*phar (?), n. [F. n\'82nufar: cf. Sp. nen\'a3far, It. nenuf\'a0r; all fr. Per. n\'c6l.] (Bot.) The great white water lily of Europe; the Nymph\'91a alba. Neo- Ne"o- (. [Gr. New.] A prefix meaning new, recent, late; and in chemistry designating specifically that variety of metameric hydrocarbons which, when the name was applied, had been recently classified, and in which at least one carbon atom in connected directly with four other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with normal and iso-; as, neopentane; the neoparaffins. Also used adjectively. Neocarida Ne`o*car"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) The modern, or true, Crustacea, as distinguished from the Merostomata. Neocene Ne"o*cene (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. (Geol.) More recent than the Eocene, that is, including both the Miocene and Pliocene divisions of the Tertiary. Neo-Christianity Ne`o-Chris*tian"i*ty (? OR ?), n. [Neo- + Christianity.] Rationalism. Neocomian Ne`o*co"mi*an (?), n. [From Neocomium, the Latin name of Neuchatel, in Switzerland, where these rocks occur.] (Geol.) A term applied to the lowest deposits of the Cretaceous or chalk formation of Europe, being the lower greensand. Neocomian Ne`o*co"mi*an, a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lower greensand. Neocosmic Ne`o*cos"mic (?), a. [Neo- + cosmic.] of or pertaining to the universe in its present state; specifically, pertaining to the races of men known to history. Neocracy Ne*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Neo-+ -cracy, as in aristocracy.] Government by new or inexperienced hands; upstart rule; raw or untried officials. Neodamode Ne*od"a*mode (?), n. [Gr. dh`mos, the people + In ancient Sparta, one of those Helots who were freed by the state in reward for military service. Milford. Neodymium Ne`o*dym"i*um (?), n. [NL. Dee Neo-, and Didymium.] (Chem.) An elementary substance which forms one of the constituents of didymium. Symbol Nd. Atomic weight 140.8. Neog\'91an Ne`o*g\'91"an (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the New World, or Western Hemisphere. Neogamist Ne*og"a*mist (?), n. [Gr. A person recently married. Neogen Ne"o*gen (?), n. [Neo- + -gen.] (Chem.) An alloy resembling silver, and consisting chiefly of copper, zinc, and nickel, with small proportions of tin, aluminium, and bismuth. Ure. Neography Ne*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Neo- + -graphy.] A new method or system of writing. Neo-Latin Ne`o-Lat"in (?), a. [Neo- + Latin.] Applied to the Romance languages, as being mostly of Latin origin. Neolithic Ne`o*lith"ic (?), a. [Neo- + -lith + -ic.] (Arch\'91ol. & Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, an era characterized by late remains in stone. The Neolithic era includes the latter half of the "Stone age;" the human relics which belong to it are associated with the remains of animals not yet extinct. The kitchen middens of Denmark, the lake dwellings of Switzerland, and the stockaded islands, or "crannogs," of the British Isles, belong to this era. Lubbock. Neologian Ne`o*lo*gi*an (?), a. Neologic; neological. Neologian Ne`o*lo"gi*an, n. A neologist. Neologianism Ne`o*lo"gi*an*ism (?), n. Neologism. Neologic, Neological Ne`o*log"ic (?), Ne`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. n\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to neology; employing new words; of the nature of, or containing, new words or new doctrines. A genteel neological dictionary. Chesterfield. Neologically Ne`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a neological manner. Neologism Ne*ol"o*gism (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82ologisme.] 1. The introduction of new words, or the use of old words in a new sense. Mrs. Browning. 2. A new word, phrase, or expression. 3. A new doctrine; specifically, rationalism. Neologist Ne*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82ologiste.] 1. One who introduces new word or new senses of old words into a language. 2. An innovator in any doctrine or system of belif, especially in theology; one who introduces or holds doctrines subversie of supernatural or revealed religion; a rationalist, so-called. Neologistic, Neologistical Ne*ol`o*gis"tic (?), Ne*ol`o*gis"tic*al (?), a. of or pertaining to neology; neological. Neologization Ne*ol`o*gi*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of neologizing. Neologize Ne*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. 1. To introduce or use new words or terms or new uses of old words. 2. To introduce innovations in doctrine, esp. in theological doctrine. Neology Ne*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Neo- + -logy: cf. F. n\'82ologie.] 1. The introduction of a new word, or of words or significations, into a language; as, the present nomenclature of chemistry is a remarkable instance of neology. 2. A new doctrine; esp. (Theol.), a doctrine at variance with the received interpretation of revealed truth; a new method of theological interpretation; rationalism. Neomenia Ne`o*me"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. The time of the new moon; the beginning of the month in the lunar calendar. Neomenoidea Ne`o*me*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Neomenia, a representative genus (See Neomenia) + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of vermiform gastropod mollusks, without a shell, belonging to the Isopleura. Neomorph Ne"o*morph (?), n. [Neo- + Gr. (Biol.) A structure, part, or organ developed independently, that is, not derived from a similar structure, part, or organ, in a pre existing form. Neonism Ne"o*nism (?), n. Neologism. Neonomian Ne`o*no"mi*an (?), n. [Neo- + gr. One who advocates adheres to new laws; esp. one who holds or believes that the gospel is a new law. Neonomian Ne`o*no"mi*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Neonomians, or in accordance with their doctrines. Neonomianism Ne`o*no"mi*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines or belief of the neonomians. Neophyte Ne"o*phyte (?), n. [L. neophytis, Gr. n\'82ophyte. See New, and Be.] 1. A new convert or proselyte; -- a name given by the early Christians, and still given by the Roman Catholics, to such as have recently embraced the Christian faith, and been admitted to baptism, esp. to converts from heathenism or Judaism. 2. A novice; a tyro; a beginner in anything. Neoplasia Ne`o*pla"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. (Physiol. & Med.) Growth or development of new material; neoplasty. Neoplasm Ne"o*plasm (?), n. [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.) A new formation or tissue, the product of morbid action. Neoplastic Ne`o*plas"tic (?), a. (Physiol. & Med.) of or pertaining to neoplasty, or neoplasia. Neoplasty Ne"o*plas`ty (?), n. [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.) Restoration of a part by granulation, adhesive inflammation, or autoplasty. Neoplatonic Ne`o*pla"ton"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Neoplatonism or the Neoplatonists. Neoplatonician Ne`o*pla`to*ni"cian (?), n. A neoplatonist. Neoplatonism Ne`o*pla"to*nism (?), n. [Neo- + Platonism.] A pantheistic eclectic school of philosophy, of which Plotinus was the chief (A. D. 205-270), and which sought to reconcile the Platonic and Aristotelian systems with Oriental theosophy. It tended to mysticism and theurgy, and was the last product of Greek philosophy. Neoplatonist Ne`o*pla"to*nist (?), n. One who held to Neoplatonism; a member of the Neoplatonic school. Neorama Ne`o*ra"ma (? OR ?), n. [Gr. A panorama of the interior of a building, seen from within. Neossine Ne*os"sine (?), n. [Gr. The substance constituting the edible bird's nest. Neossology Ne`os*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Zo\'94l.) The study of young birds. Neoteric, Neoterical Ne`o*ter"ic (?), Ne`o*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. neotericus, gr. Recent in origin; modern; new. "Our neoteric verbs." Fitzed. Hall. Some being ancient, others neoterical. Bacon. Neoteric Ne`o*ter"ic, n. One of modern times; a modern. Neoterically Neo`ter"ic*al*ly (?), adv. Recently; newly. Neoterism Ne*ot"er*ism (?), n. [Gr. An innovation or novelty; a neoteric word or phrase. Neoterist Ne*ot"er*ist, n. One ho introduces new word Fitzed Hall. Neoterize Ne*ot"er*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neoterized; p. pr. & vb. n. Neoterized.] [Gr. To innovate; to coin or introduce new words. Freely as we of the nineteenth century neoterize. fized. Hall. Neotropical Ne`o*trop"ic*al (?), a. [Neo- + tropical.] (Geog. & Zo\'94l.) Belonging to, or designating, a region of the earth's surface which comprises most of South America, the Antilles, and tropical North America. Neozoic Ne`o*zo"ic (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. (Geol.) More recent than the Paleozoic, -- that is, including the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Nep Nep (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. Nepeta.] (Bot.) Catnip. Nepa Ne"pa (?), n. [L. nepa scorpion.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of aquatic hemipterus insects. The species feed upon other insects and are noted for their voracity; -- called also scorpion bug and water scorpion. Nepaulese Nep`au*lese" (? OR ?), a. Of or pertaining to Nepaul, a kingdom in Northern Hindostan. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Nepaul.<-- now = Nepalese --> Nepenthe Ne*pen"the (?), n. [Fr. Gr. A drug used by the ancients to give relief from pain and sorrow; -- by some supposed to have been opium or hasheesh. Hence, anything soothing and comforting. Lulled with the sweet nepenthe of a court. Pope. Quaff, O quaff this kind nepenthe. Poe. Nepenthes Ne*pen"thes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Nepenthe.] 1. Same as Nepenthe. Milton. 2. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants found in India, Malaya, etc., which have the leaves prolonged into a kind of stout tendril terminating in a pitcherlike appendage, whence the plants are often called pitcher plants and monkey-cups. There are about thirty species, of which the best known is Nepenthes distillatoria. See Pitcher plant. Nepeta Nep"e*ta (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate plants, including the catnip and ground ivy. Nephalism Neph"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. n\'82phalisme.] Total abstinence from spirituous liquor. _________________________________________________________________ Page 971 Nephalist Neph"a*list (?), n. [Cf. F. n\'82phaliste.] One who advocates or practices nephalism. Nepheline, Nephelite Neph"e*line (?), Neph"e*lite (?), n. [gr. n\'82ph\'82line. Cf. Nebula.] (Min.) A mineral occuring at Vesuvius, in glassy agonal crystals; also elsewhere, in grayish or greenish masses having a greasy luster, as the variety el\'91olite. It is a silicate of aluminia, soda, and potash. Nephelodometer Neph`e*lo*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for reckoning the distances or velocities of clouds. Nephelometer Neph`e*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument for measuring or registering the amount of cloudiness. Nephew Neph"ew (?; in England , n. [OE. neveu, nevou, nevu, fr. F. neveu, OF. also, nevou, L. nepos; akin to AS. nefa, D. neef, G. neffe, OHG. nevo, Icel. nefi a kinsman, gr. nep\'bet grandson, descendant. &root;262. Cf. Niece, Nepotism.] 1. A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [Obs.] But if any widow have children or nephews [Rev. Ver. grandchildren,]. 1 Tim. v. 4. If naturalists say true that nephews are often liker to their grandfathers than to their fathers. Jer. Taylor. 2. A cousin. [Obs.] Shak. 3. The son of a brother or a sister, or of a brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Chaucer. Nephilim Neph"i*lim (?), n. pl. [Heb. n.] Giants. Gen. vi. 4. Num. xiii. 33. Nephoscope Neph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for observing the clouds and their velocity. Nephralgia, Nephralgy Ne*phral"gi*a (?), Ne*phral"gy (?), n. [NL. nephralgia, fr. Gr. n\'82phralgie.] (Med.) Neuralgia of the kidneys; a disease characterized by pain in the region of the kidneys without any structural lesion of the latter. Quain. Nephridial Ne*phrid"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) of or pertaining to a nephridium. Nephridium Ne*phrid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Nephridia (#). [NL., fr. gr. kidneys.] (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) A segmental tubule; one of the tubules of the primitive urinogenital organs; a segmental organ. See Illust. under Loeven's larva. Nephrite Neph"rite (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. n\'82phrite. See Nephritis.] (Min.) A hard compact mineral, of a dark green color, formerly worn as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys, whence its name; kidney stone; a kind of jade. See Jade.<-- varies in color from white to dark green. It is the more common and less valuable variety of jade, the other being jadeite. [MW10] Large deposits are found in Australia. Called also nephritic stone. --> Nephritic, Nephritical Ne*phrit"ic (?), Ne*phrit"ic*al (?), a. [L. nephriticus, gr. n\'82phr\'82tique. See Nephritis.] 1. Of or pertaining to the kidneys or urinary organs; renal; as, a nephritic disease. 2. (Med.) (a) Affected with a disease of the kidneys; as, a nephritic patient. (b) Relieving disorders of the kidneys; affecting the kidneys; as, a nephritic medicine. Nephritic stone (Min.), nephrite; jade. See Nephrite. Nephritic Ne*phrit"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine adapted to relieve or cure disease of the kidneys. Nephritis Ne*phri"tis (?), n. [L., fr. gr. (Med.) An inflammation of the kidneys. nephrolithic neph`ro*lith"ic (?), a. [Gr. -lith + ic.] (Med.) of or pertaining to gravel, or renal calculi. Dunglison. Nephrology Ne*phrol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A treatise on, or the science which treats of, the kidneys, and their structure and functions. Nephrostome Neph"ro*stome (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) The funnelshaped opening of a nephridium into the body cavity. Nephrotomy Ne*phrot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. n\'82phrotomie.] (Surg.) Extraction of stone from the kidney by cutting. Nepotal Nep"o*tal (?), a. Of or relating to a nephew. Nepotic Ne*pot"ic (?), a. [See nepotism.] Of or pertaining to npotism. The nepotic ambition of the ruling pontiff. Milman. Nepotism Nep"o*tism (?; 277), n. [L. nepus, nepotus, nephew: cf. F. n\'82potisme. See Nephew.] Undue attachment to relations; favoritism shown to members of one's family; bestowal of patronage in consideration of relationship, rather than of merit or of legal claim. From nepotism Alexander V. was safe; for he was without kindred or relatives. But there was another perhaps more fatal nepotism, which turned the tide of popularity against him -- the nepotism of his order. Milman. Nepotist Nep"o*tist (?), n. One who practices nepotism. Neptune Nep"tune (?), n. [L. Neptunus.] 1. (Rom. Myth.) The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of the sea. He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter. 2. (Astron.) The remotest known planet of our system, discovered -- as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris -- by Galle, of Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78 years. <-- now Pluto is the remotest "planet", but recently (1996) the question has been raised whether Pluto can be called a "planet", so this may still be correct! --> Neptune powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin, -- used in blasting. -- Neptune's cup (Zo\'94l.), a very large, cup-shaped, marine sponge (Thalassema Neptuni). Neptunian Nep*tu"ni*an (?), a. [L. Neptunius belonging to Neptune: cf. F. neptunien.] 1. Of or pertaining to the ocean or sea. 2. (Geol.) Formed by water or aqueous solution; as, Neptunian rocks. Neptunian races (Ethnol.), the Malay and Polynesian races. -- Neptunian theory (Geol.), the theory of Werner, which referred the formation of all rocks and strata to the agency of water; -- opposed to the Plutonic theory. Neptunian, Neptunist Nep*tu"ni*an (?), Nep"tu*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. neptinien, neptuniste.] (Geol.) One who adopts the neptunian theory. Neptunicentric Nep*tu`ni*cen"tric (?), a. [Neptune + centric.] (Astron.) As seen from Neptune, or having Neptune as a center; as, Neptunicentric longitude or force. Neptunium Nep*tu"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] A new metallic element, of doubtful genuineness and uncertain indentification, said to exist in certain minerals, as columbite.<-- a radioactive element, produced in reactors from Pt or U; At. num. = 93, Sym. Np, At. Wt. 237.0482 [MW10] --> Hermann. Ner Ner (?), adv. & a. nearer. [Obs.] See Nerre. Nere Nere (?). [Contr. fr. ne were.] Were not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nereid Ne"re*id (?), n.; pl. E. Nereids (#), L. Nereides (#). [L. Nereis, -idis, gr. n\'bera water, cf. Gr. 1. (Class. Myth.) A sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, who were attendants upon Neptune, and were represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the tail of a fish. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Nereis. The word is sometimes used for similar annelids of other families. Nereidian Ne`re*id"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any annelid resembling Nereis, or of the family Lycorid\'91 or allied families. Nereis Ne"re*is (? OR ?), n.; pl. Nereides (#). [L.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A Nereid. See Nereid. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus, including numerous species, of marine ch\'91topod annelids, having a well-formed head, with two pairs of eyes, antenn\'91, four pairs of tentacles, and a protrusile pharynx, armed with a pair of hooked jaws. <-- Illustr. of Nereis (Nereis Pelagica) --> Nereites Ne"re*ites (?), n. pl. (Paleon.) Fossil tracks of annelids. Nereocystis Ne`re*o*cys"tis (?), n. [NL. See Nereid, and Cyst.] (Bot.) A genus of gigantic seaweeds. NOTE: &hand; Nereocystis Lutkeana, of the North Pacific, has a stem many fathoms long, terminating in a great vesicle, which is crowned with a tuft of long leaves. The stem is used by the Alaskans for fishing lines. Nerfling Nerf"ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The id. Nerita Ne*ri"ta (?), n. [L., a sort of sea mussel, gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, mostly natives of warm climates. Nerite Ner"ite (? OR ?; 277), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any mollusk of the genus Nerita. Neritina Ner`i*ti"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus including numerous species of shells resembling Nerita in form. They mostly inhabit brackish water, and are often delicately tinted. Nero Ne"ro (?), n. A Roman emperor notorius for debauchery and barbarous cruelty; hence, any profligate and cruel ruler or merciless tyrant. -- Ne*ro"ni*an (#), a. Neroli Ner"o*li (?), n. [F. n\'82roli, said to be from the name of an Italian princess.] (Chem.) An essential oil obtained by distillation from the flowers of the orange. It has a strong odor, and is used in perfumery, etc. Neroli camphor (Chem.), a white crystalline waxy substance, tasteless and odorless, obtained from beroli oil; -- called also auradin. Nerre Ner"re (?), adv. & a. [See Near.] Nearer. [Obs.] [Written also neer, ner.] Chaucer. Never the neer, never the nearer; no nearer. [Obs.] Nervate Nerv"ate (?), a. (Bot.) Nerved. Nervation Ner*va"tion (?), n. The arrangement of nerves and veins, especially those of leaves; neuration. The outlines of the fronds of ferns, and their nervation, are frail characters if employed alone for the determination of existing genera. J. D. Hooker. Nerve Nerve (?), n. [OE. nerfe, F. nerf, L. nervus, akin to Gr. needle. Cf. Neuralgia.] 1. (Anat.) One of the whitish and elastic bundles of fibers, with the accompanying tissues, which transmit nervous impulses between nerve centers and various parts of the animal body. NOTE: &hand; An or dinary ne rve is made up of several bundles of nerve fibers, each bundle inclosed in a special sheath (the perineurium) and all bound together in a connective tissue sheath and framework (the epineurium) containing blood vessels and lymphatics. 2. A sinew or a tendon. Pope. 3. Physical force or steadiness; muscular power and control; constitutional vigor. he led me on to mightiest deeds, Above the nerve of mortal arm. Milton. 4. Steadiness and firmness of mind; self-command in personal danger, or under suffering; unshaken courage and endurance; coolness; pluck; resolution. 5. Audacity; assurance. [Slang] 6. (Bot.) One of the principal fibrovascular bundles or ribs of a leaf, especially when these extend straight from the base or the midrib of the leaf. 7. (Zo\'94l.) One of the nervures, or veins, in the wings of insects. Nerve cell (Anat.), one of the nucleated cells with which nerve fibers are connected; a ganglion cell.<-- = neuron, a word listed only in a different sens in W1913 --> -- Nerve fiber (Anat.), one of the fibers of which nerves are made up. These fibers are either medullated or nonmedullated. in both kinds the essential part is the translucent threadlike axis cylinder which is continuous the whole length of the fiber. -- Nerve stretching (Med.), the operation of stretching a nerve in order to remedy diseases such as tetanus, which are supposed to be influenced by the condition of the nerve or its connections.<-- #!? --> Nerve Nerve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nerved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nerving.] To give strength or vigor to; to supply with force; as, fear nerved his arm. Nerved Nerved (?), a. 1. Having nerves of a special character; as, weak-nerved. 2. (Bot.) Having nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins. Gray. Nerveless Nerve"less (?), a. 1. Destitute of nerves. 2. Destitute of strength or of courage; wanting vigor; weak; powerless. A kingless people for a nerveless state. Byron. Awaking, all nerveless, from an ugly dream. Hawthorne. Nervelessness Nerve"less*ness, n. The state of being nerveless. Nerve-shaken Nerve"-shak`en (?), a. Affected by a tremor, or by a nervous disease; weakened; overcome by some violent influence or sensation; shoked. Nervimotion Ner`vi*mo"tion (?), n. [Nerve + motion.] (Physiol.) The movement caused in the sensory organs by external agents and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves. Dunglison. Nervimotor Ner`vi*mo"tor (?), n. [Nerve + motor.] (Physiol.) Any agent capable of causing nervimotion. Dunglison. Nervine Nerv"ine (?; 277) a. [L. nervinus made of sinews: cf.F. nervin. See Nerve.] (Med.) Having the quality of acting upon or affecting the nerves; quieting nervous excitement. -- n. A nervine agent. Nervomuscular Ner`vo*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Nerve + muscular.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to both nerves and muscles; of the nature of nerves and muscles; as, nervomuscular energy. Nervose Ner*vose" (?), a. [See Nervous.] (Bot.) Same as Nerved. Nervosity Ner*vos"i*ty (?), n. [L. nervositas strength.] Nervousness. [R.] Nervous Nerv"ous (?), a. [L. nervosus sinewy, vigorous: cf. F. nerveux. See Nerve.] 1. possessing nerve; sinewy; strong; vigorous. "Nervous arms." Pope. 2. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind; characterized by strength in sentiment or style; forcible; spirited; as, a nervous writer. 3. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; as, nervous excitement; a nervous fever. 4. Having the nerves weak, diseased, or easily excited; subject to, or suffering from, undue excitement of the nerves; easily agitated or annoyed. Poor, weak, nervous creatures. Cheyne. 5. Sensitive; excitable; timid. <-- This corresponds to two senses in MW10: easily excited = jumpy; timid, apprehensive --> Our aristocratic class does not firmly protest against the unfair treatment of Irish Catholics, because it is nervous about the land. M. Arnold. Nervous fever (Med.), a low form of fever characterized by great disturbance of the nervous system, as evinced by delirium, or stupor, disordered sensibility, etc. -- Nervous system (Anat.), the specialized co\'94rdinating apparatus which endows animals with sensation and volition. In vertebrates it is often divided into three systems: the central, brain and spinal cord; the peripheral, cranial and spinal nerves; and the sympathetic. See Brain, Nerve, Spinal cord, under Spinal, and Sympathetic system, under Sympathetic, and Illust. in Appendix. -- Nervous temperament, a condition of body characterized by a general predominance of mental manifestations. Mayne. Nervously Nerv"ous*ly, adv. In a nervous manner. Nervousness Nerv"ous*ness, n. State or quality of being nervous. Nervure Nerv"ure (?), n. [F. See Nerve.] 1. (Bot.) One of the nerves of leaves. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the chitinous supports, or veins, in the wings of incests. Nervy Nerv"y (?), a. [Compar. Nervier (?); superl. - iest.] Strong; sinewy. "His nervy knees." Keats. Nescience Nes"cience (?), n. [L. nescientia, fr. nesciens, p.pr. of nescire not to know; ne not + scire to know.] Want of knowledge; ignorance; agnosticism. God fetched it about for me, in that absence and nescience of mine. Bp. Hall. Nese Nese (?), n. Nose. [Obs.] Piers plowman. Nesh Nesh (?), a. [AS. hnesc, hn\'91sc, akin to Goth. hnasqus.] Soft; tender; delicate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ness Ness (?), n. [AS. n\'91s, ns; akin to Icel. nes, Sw. n\'84s, Dan. n\'91s, and E. nose. &root; 261. See Nose.] A promontory; a cape; a headland. Hakluyt. NOTE: &hand; Ne ss is fr equently used as a suffix in the names of places and promontories; as, Sheerness. -ness -ness (. [AS. -ness, -nyss, -nys; akin to OS. -nissi, nussi, D. -nis, OHG. -nissa, -nass\'c6, -nuss\'c6, G. -nis, -niss, Goth. -inasus.] A suffix used to form abstract nouns expressive of quality or state; as, goodness, greatness. Nesslerize Ness"ler*ize (?), v. t. [From Nessler, the chemist.] (Chem.) To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called Nessler's solution or Nessler's test, and is used to detect the presence of ammonia. _________________________________________________________________ Page 972 Nest Nest (?), n. [AS. nest; akin to D. & G. nest, Sw. n\'84ste, L. nidus, for nisdus, Skr. n\'c6 resting place, nest; cf. Lith. lizdas, Arm. neiz, Gael. & Ir. nead. Prob. from the particle ni down, Skr. ni + the root of E. sit, and thus orig., a place to sit down in. &root; 264. See Nether, and Sit, and cf. Eyas, Nidification, Nye.] 1. The bed or receptacle prepared by a fowl for holding her eggs and for hatching and rearing her young. The birds of the air have nests. Matt. viii. 20. 2. Hence: the place in which the eggs of other animals, as insects, turtles, etc., are laid and hatched; a snug place in which young animals are reared. Bentley. 3. A snug, comfortable, or cozy residence or situation; a retreat, or place of habitual resort; hence, those who occupy a nest, frequent a haunt, or are associated in the same pursuit; as, a nest of traitors; a nest of bugs. A little cottage, like some poor man's nest. Spenser. 4. (Geol.) An aggregated mass of any ore or mineral, in an isolated state, within a rock. 5. A collection of boxes, cases, or the like, of graduated size, each put within the one next larger. 6. (Mech.) A compact group of pulleys, gears, springs, etc., working together or collectively. Nest egg, an egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it, and to induce her to lay more in the same place; hence, figuratively, something laid up as the beginning of a fund or collection. Hudibras. Nest Nest (?), v. i. To build and occupy a nest. The king of birds nested within his leaves. Howell. Nest Nest, v. t. To put into a nest; to form a nest for. From him who nested himself into the chief power. South. Nestful Nest"ful (?), n.; pl. Nestfuls (. As much or many as will fill a nest. Nestle Nes"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nestling (?).] [AS. nestlian.] 1. To make and occupy a nest; to nest. [Obs.] The kingfisher ... nestles in hollow banks. L'Estrange. 2. To lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest; to cuddle up; to settle, as in a nest; to harbor; to take shelter. Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild country, and there nestle till succors came. Bacon. 3. To move about in one's place, like a bird when shaping the interior of her nest or a young bird getting close to the parent; as, a child nestles. Nestle Nes"tle, v. t. To house, as in a nest. 2. To cherish, as a bird her young. Nestling Nes"tling (?). n. 1. A young bird which has not abandoned the nest. Piers Plowman. 2. A nest; a receptacle. [Obs.] Bacon. Nestling Nes"tling, a. Newly hatched; being yet in the nest. Nestor Nes"tor (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of parrots with gray heads. of New Zeland and papua, allied to the cockatoos. See Kaka. Nestorian Nes*to"ri*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople to the fifth century, who has condemned as a heretic for maintaining that the divine and the human natures were not merged into one nature in Christ (who was God in man), and, hence, that it was improper to call Mary the mother of Christ; also, one of the sect established by the followers of Nestorius in Persia, india, and other Oriental countries, and still in existence. opposed to Eutychian. Nestorian Nes*to"ri*an, a. 1. Of or relating to the Nestorians. 2. relating to, or resembling, Nestor, the aged warior and counselor mentioned by Homer; hence, wise; experienced; aged; as, Nestorian caution. Nestorianism Nes*to"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines of the nestorian Christians, or of Nestorius. Ney Ney (?), n. [AS. net; akin to D. net, OS. net, netti, OHG. nezzi, G. netz, Icel. & Dan. net, Sw. n\'84t, Goth. nati; of uncertain origin.] 1. A fabric of twine, thread, or the like, wrought or woven into meshes, and used for catching fish, birds, butterflies, etc. 2. Anything designed or fitted to entrap or catch; a snare; any device for catching and holding. A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a net for his feet. Prov. xxix. 5. In the church's net there are fishes good or bad. Jer. Taylor. 3. Anything wrought or woven in meshes; as, a net for the hair; a mosquito net; a tennis net. 4. (Geom.) A figure made up of a large number of straight lines or curves, which are connected at certain points and related to each other by some specified law. Net Net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Netted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Netting.] 1. To make into a net; to make n the style of network; as, to net silk. 2. To take in a net; to capture by stratagem or wile. And now I am here, netted and in the toils. Sir W. Scott. 3. To inclose or cover with a net; as, to net a tree. Net Net, v. i. To form network or netting; to knit. Net Net, a. [F. See Neat clean.] 1. Without spot; pure; shining. [Obs.] Her breast all naked as net ivory. Spenser. 2. Free from extraneous substances; pure; unadulterated; neat; as, net wine, etc. [R.] 3. Not including superfluous, incidental, or foreign matter, as boxes, coverings, wraps, etc.; free from charges, deductions, etc; as, net profit; net income; net weight, etc. [Less properly written nett.] Net tonnage (Naut.), the tonnage of a vessel after a deduction from the gross tonnage has been made, to allow space for crew, machinery, etc. Net Net, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Netted; p. pr. & vb. n. Netting.] To produce or gain as clear profit; as, he netted a thousand dollars by the operation. Netfish Net"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An astrophyton. Nether Neth"er (?), a. [OE. nethere, neithere, AS. ni, fr. the adv. ni downward; akin to neo below, beneath, D. neder down, G. nieder, Sw. nedre below, nether, a. & adv., and also to Skr. ni down. &root;201. Cf. Beneath.] Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; -- opposed to upper. 'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding fires. Milton. This darksome nether world her light Doth dim with horror and deformity. Spenser. All my nether shape thus grew transformed. Milton. Neithermore Neith"er*more` (?), a. Lower, nether. [Obs.] Holland. Nethermost Neth"er*most` (?), a. [AS. ni(Nether, and cf. Aftermost.] Lowest; as, the nethermost abyss. Milton. Nethinim Neth"i*nim (?), n. pl. [Heb., pl. of n\'beth\'c6n given, granted, a slave of the temple, fr. n\'bethan to give.] (jewish Antiq.) Servants of the priests and Levites in the menial services about the tabernacle and temple. Netify Net"i*fy (?), v. t. [Net, a. + -fy.] To render neat; to clean; to put in order. [R.] Chapman. Netting Net"ting (?), n. [From Net, n.] 1. The act or process of making nets or network, or of forming meshes, as for fancywork, fishing nets, etc. 2. A piece of network; any fabric, made of cords, threads, wires, or the like, crossing one another with open spaces between. 3. (Naut.) A network of ropes used for various purposes, as for holding the hammocks when not in use, also for stowing sails, and for hoisting from the gunwale to the rigging to hinder an enemy from boarding. Totten. Netting needle, a kind of slender shuttle used in netting. See Needle, n., 3. Netting Net"ting, n. Urine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Nettle Net"tle (?), n. [AS. netele; akin to D. netel, G. nessel, OHG. nezz\'8bla, nazza, Dan. nelde, n\'84lde, Sw. n\'84ssla; cf, Lith. notere.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Urtica, covered with minute sharp hairs containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation. Urtica gracitis is common in the Northern, and U. cham\'91dryoides in the Southern, United States. the common European species, U. urens and U. dioica, are also found in the Eastern united States. U. pilulifera is the Roman nettle of England. NOTE: &hand; Th e term nettle has been given to many plants related to, or to some way resembling, the true nettle; as: Australian nettle, a stinging tree or shrub of the genus Laportea (as L. gigas and L. moroides); -- also called nettle tree. -- Bee nettle, Hemp nettle, a species of Galeopsis. See under Hemp. -- Blind nettle, Dead nettle, a harmless species of Lamium. -- False nettle (B\'91hmeria cylindrica), a plant common in the United States, and related to the true nettles. -- Hedge nettle, a species of Stachys. See under Hedge. -- Horse nettle (Solanum Carolinense). See under Horse. -- nettle tree. (a) Same as Hackberry. (b) See Australian nettle (above). -- Spurge nettle, a stinging American herb of the Spurge family (Jatropha urens). -- Wood nettle, a plant (Laportea Canadensis) which stings severely, and is related to the true nettles. Nettle cloth, a kind of thick cotton stuff, japanned, and used as a substitute for leather for various purposes. -- Nettle rash (Med.), an eruptive disease resembling the effects of whipping with nettles. -- Sea nettle (Zo\'94l.), a medusa. Nettle Net"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nettled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nettling (?).] To fret or sting; to irritate or vex; to cause to experience sensations of displeasure or uneasiness not amounting to violent anger. The princes were so nettled at the scandal of this affront, that every man took it to himself. L'Estrange. Nettlebird Net"tle*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) the European whitethroat. [Prov. Eng.] Nettler Net"tler (?), n. One who nettles. [R.] Milton. Nettles Net"tles (?), n. pl. [See Knittle.] (Naut.) (a) The halves of yarns in the unlaid end of a rope twisted for pointing or grafting. (b) Small lines used to sling hammocks under the deck beams. (c) Reef points. Nettling Net"tling (?), n. (Rope Making) (a) A process (resembling splicing) by which two ropes are jointed end so as to form one rope. (b) The process of tying together the ends of yarns in pairs, to prevent tangling. Nettling Net"tling, p. pr. & a. Stinging; irritating. Nettling cell (Zo\'94l.), a lasso cell. See under Lasso. Netty Net"ty (?), a. Like a net, or network; netted. [R.] Net-veined Net"-veined` (?), a. Having veins, or nerves, reticulated or netted; as, a net-veined wing or leaf. Network Net"work` (?), n. 1. A fabric of threads, cords, or wires crossing each other at certain intervals, and knotted or secured at the crossings, thus leaving spaces or meshes between them. 2. Any system of lines or channels interlacing or crossing like the fabric of a net; as, a network of veins; a network of railroads. Neurad Neu"rad (?), adv. [Gr. ad to.] (Anat.) Toward the neural side; -- opposed to h\'91mad. Neural Neu"ral (?), a. [Gr. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) relating to the nerves or nervous system; taining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis; -- opposed to hemal. As applied to vertebrates, neural is the same as dorsal; as applied to invertebrates it is usually the same as ventral. Cf. Hemal. Neural arch (Anat.), the cartilaginous or bony arch on the dorsal side of the centrum of the vertebra in a segment of the spinal skeleton, usually inclosing a segment of the spinal cord. Neuralgia Neu*ral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., from gr. nerve.] (Med.) A disease, the chief symptom of which is a very acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which follows the course of a nervous branch, extends to its ramifications, and seems therefore to be seated in the nerve. It seems to be independent of any structural lesion. Dunglison. Neuralgic Neu*ral"gic (?), a. of or pertaining to, or having the character of, neuralgia; as, a neuralgic headache. Neuralgy Neu*ral"gy (?), n. Neuralgia. Neurapophysial Neu*rap`o*phys"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) of or pertaining to a neurapophysis. Neurapophysis Neu`ra*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Neurapophyses (#). [NL. See Neuro-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) (a) One of the two lateral processes or elements which form the neural arch. (b) The dorsal process of the neural arch; neural spine; spinous process. Neurasthenia Neu*ras`the*ni"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition of nervous debility supposed to be dependent upon impairment in the functions of the spinal cord. Neuration Neu*ra"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The arrangement or distribution of nerves, as in the leaves of a plant or the wings of an insect; nervation. Neuraxis Neu*rax"is (?), n. [Neuro- + axis.] (Anat.) See Axis cylinder, under Axis. Neurenteric Neu`ren*ter"ic (?), a. [Neuro- + enteric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the neuron and the enteron; as, the neurenteric canal, which, in embroys of many vertebrates, connects the medullary tube and the primitive intestine. See Illust. of Ectoderm. Neuridin Neu"ri*din (?), n. [From Neurine.] (Physiol. Chem.) a nontoxic base, C5H14N2, found in the putrescent matters of flesh, fish, decaying cheese, etc. Neurilemma Neu`ri*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., from gr. (Anat.) (a) The delicate outer sheath of a nerve fiber; the primitive sheath. (b) The perineurium. Neurility Neu*ril"i*ty (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) The special properties and functions of the nerves; that capacity for transmitting a stimulus which belongs to nerves. G. H. Lewes. Neurine Neu"rine (? OR ?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, while neurine is vinyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide. [Written also neurin.] Neurism Neu"rism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Nerve force. See Vital force, under Vital. Neuritis Neu*ri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a nerve. Neuro- Neu"ro- (. [Gr. (Anat.) A combining denoting a nerve, of OR pertaining to a nerve OR the nervous system. Neuro-central Neu`ro-cen"tral (?), a. [Neuro- + central.] (Anat.) Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; as, the neurocentral suture. Huxley. Neurochord, n., Neurochordal Neu"ro*chord (?), n., Neu`ro*chor"dal (, a. (Zo\'94l.) See Neurocord. Neurocity Neu*roc"i*ty (?), n. (Physiol.) Nerve force. Neuroc\'91le Neu"ro*c\'91le (?), n. [Neuro- + Ge. (Anat.) The central canal and ventricles of the spinal cord and brain; the myelencephalic cavity. Neurocord Neu"ro*cord (?), n. [Neuro- + cord.] (Zo\'94l.) A cordlike organ composed of elastic fibers situated above the ventral nervous cord of annelids, like the earthworm. -- Neu`ro*cor"dal (#), a. Neuro-epidermal Neu`ro-ep`i*der"mal (?), a. [Neuro- + epidermal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or giving rise to, the central nervous system and epiderms; as, the neuroepidermal, or epiblastic, layer of the blastoderm. Neuroglia Neu*rog"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. (Anat.) The delicate connective tissue framework which supports the nervous matter and blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord. Neurography Neu*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Neuro- + -graphy.] (Anat.) A description of the nerves. Dunglison. Neurokeratin Neu`ro*ker"a*tin (?), n. [Neuro- + keratin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, resembling keratin, present in nerve tissue, as in the sheath of the axis cylinder of medullated nerve fibers. Like keratin it resists the action of most chemical agents, and by decomposition with sulphuric acid yields leucin and tyrosin. Neurological Neu`ro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to neurolgy. Neurologist Neu*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in neurology; also, one skilled in the treatment of nervous diseases. Neurology Neu*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Neuro- + -logy.] The branch of science which treats of the nervous system. Neuroma Neu*ro"ma (?), n. [NL. See Neuro-, and -oma.] (Med.) A tumor developed on, or connected with, a nerve, esp. one consisting of new-formed nerve fibers. Neuromere Neu"ro*mere (?), n. [Neuro- + -mere.] (Anat.) A metameric segment of the cerebro-spinal nervous system. Neuromuscular Neu`ro*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Neuro- + muscular.] (Physiol.) Nervomuscular. Neuron Neu"ron (?), n.; pl. Neura (#). [NL., from Gr. ney^ron nerve.] (Anat.) The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; myelencephalon.<-- Now = a nerve cell (older def not included in MW10 --> B. G. Wilder. Neuropathic Neu`ro*path"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to neuropathy; of the nature of, or suffering from, nervous disease. Neuropathy Neu*rop"a*thy (?), n. [Neuro- + Gr. (Med.) An affection of the nervous system or of a nerve. Neuropod Neu"ro*pod (?), n. [Neuro- + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) A neuropodous animal. G. Rolleston. Neuropodium Neu`ro*po"di*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The ventral lobe or branch of a parapodium. Neuropodous Neu*rop"o*dous (?), a. [Neuro- + -pod + -ous.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the neural side, as in most invertebrates; -- opposed to h\'91mapodous. G. Rolleston. Neuropore Neu"ro*pore (?), n. [Neuro- + pore.] (Anat.) An opening at either end of the embryonic neural canal. Neuropter Neu*rop"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Neuroptera. Neuroptera Neu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [Nl., fr. gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of hexapod insects having two pairs of large, membranous, net-veined wings. The mouth organs are adapted for chewing. They feed upon other insects, and undergo a complete metamorphosis. The ant-lion, hellgamite, and lacewing fly are examples. Formerly, the name was given to a much more extensive group, including the true Neuroptera and the Pseudoneuroptera. _________________________________________________________________ Page 973 Neropteral Nerop"ter*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Neuroptera. Neuropteran Neu*rop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A neuropter. Neuropteris Neu*rop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extensive genus of fossil ferns, of which species have been found from the Devonian to the Triassic formation. Neuropterous Neu*rop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Neuropteral. Neurosensiferous Neu`ro*sen*sif"er*ous (?), a. [neuro- + sensiferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or forming, both nerves and sense organs. Neurosis Neu*ro"sis (?), n.; pl. Neuroses (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Med.) A functional nervous affection or disease, that is, a disease of the nerves without any appreciable change of nerve structure.<-- (psychiatry) a mental or emotional disorder that affects only part of the personality, and involves less distorted perceptions of reality than a psychosis. It includes certain anxieties and phobias. [MW10] --> Neuroskeletal Neu`ro*skel"e*tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the neuroskeleton. [R.] Owen. Neuroskeleton Neu`ro*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Neuro- + skeleton.] (Anat.) The deep-seated parts of the vertebrate skeleton which are relation with the nervous axis and locomation. Owen. Neurospast Neu"ro*spast (?), n. [L. neurospaston, Gr. A puppet. [R.] Dr. H. More. Neurotic Neu*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. 1. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; nervous; as, a neurotic disease. 2. Uself in disorders of, or affecting, the nerves. Neurotic Neu*rot"ic, n. 1. A disease seated in the nerves. 2. (Med.) Any toxic agent whose action is mainly directed to the great nerve centers. NOTE: &hand; Ne urotic as a class include all those poisons whose mains action is upon the brain and spinal cord. They may be divided three orders: (a) Cerebral neurotics, or those which affect the brain only. (b) Spinal neurotics, or tetanics, those which affect the spinal cord. (c) Cerebro-spinal neurotics, or those which affect both brain and spinal cord. Neurotome Neu"ro*tome (?), n. [See Neurotomy.] 1. An instrument for cutting or dissecting nerves. 2. (Anat.) A neuromere. Neurotomical Neu`ro*tom"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to neurotomy. Neurotomist Neu*rot"o*mist (?), n. One who skilled in or practices neurotomy. Neurotomy Neu*rot"o*my (?), n. [Neuro- + Gr. 1. The dissection, or anatomy, of the nervous system. 2. (Med.) The division of a nerve, for the relief of neuralgia, or for other purposes. Dunglison. Neurula Neu"ru*la (?), n. [NL., dim. of Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An embryo or certain invertebrates in the stage when the primitive band is first developed. Neuter Neu"ter (?), a. [L., fr. ne not + uter whether; akin to E. whether. See No, and Whether, and cf. Neither.] 1. Neither the one thing nor the other; on neither side; impartial; neutral. [Archaic] In all our undertakings God will be either our friend or our enemy; for Providence never stands neuter. South. 2. (Gram.) (a) Having a form belonging more especially to words which are not appellations of males or females; expressing or designating that which is of neither sex; as, a neuter noun; a neuter termination; the neuter gender. (b) Intransitive; as, a neuter verb. 3. (Biol.) Having no generative organs, or imperfectly developed ones; sexless. See Neuter, n., 3. Neuter Neu"ter, n. 1. A person who takes no part in a contest; one who is either indifferent to a cause or forbears to interfere; a neutral. The world's no neuter; it will wound or save. Young. 2. (Gram.) (a) A noun of the neuter gender; any one of those words which have the terminations usually found in neuter words. (b) An intransitive verb. 3. (Biol.) An organism, either vegetable or animal, which at its maturity has no generative organs, or but imperfectly developed ones, as a plant without stamens or pistils, as the garden Hydrangea; esp., one of the imperfectly developed females of certain social insects, as of the ant and the common honeybee, which perform the labors of the community, and are called workers. Neutral Neu"tral (?), a. [L. neutralis, fr. neuter. See Neuter.] 1. Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or assisting either of two or more contending parties; neuter; indifferent. The heart can not possibly remain neutral, but constantly takes part one way or the other. Shaftesbury. 2. Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not decided or pronounced. Some things good, and some things ill, do seem, And neutral some, in her fantastic eye. Sir J. Davies. 3. (Biol.) Neuter. See Neuter, a., 3. 4. (Chem.) Having neither acid nor basic properties; unable to turn red litmus blue or blue litmus red; -- said of certain salts or other compounds. Contrasted with acid, and alkaline. Neutral axis, Neutral surface (Mech.), that line or plane, in a beam under transverse pressure, at which the fibers are neither stretched nor compressed, or where the longitudinal stress is zero. See Axis. -- Neutral equilibrium (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a body so placed that when moved slighty it neither tends to return to its former position not depart more widely from it, as a perfect sphere or cylinder on a horizontal plane. -- Neutral salt (Chem.), a salt formed by the complete replacement of the hydrogen in an acid or base; in the former case by a positive or basic, in the latter by a negative or acid, element or radical. -- Neutral tint, a bluish gray pigment, used in water colors, made by mixing indigo or other blue some warm color. the shades vary greatly. -- Neutral vowel, the vowel element having an obscure and indefinite quality, such as is commonly taken by the vowel in many unaccented syllables. It is regarded by some as identical with the &ucr; in up, and is called also the natural vowel, as unformed by art and effort. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 17.<-- also called the indefinite vowel, and also represented in phonetic transcriptions by the schwa &schwa; --> Neutral Neu"tral (?), n. A person or a nation that takes no part in a contest between others; one who is neutral. The neutral, as far as commerce extends, becomes a party in the war. R. G. Harper. Neutralist Neu"tral*ist, n. A neutral; one who professes or practices neutrality. Milman. Neutrality Neu*tral"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. neutralit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being neutral; the condition of being unengaged in contests between others; state of taking no part on either side; indifference. Men who possess a state of neutrality in times of public danger, desert the interest of their fellow subjects. Addison. 2. Indifference in quality; a state neither very good nor bad. [Obs.] Donne. 3. (Chem.) The quality or state of being neutral. See Neutral, a., 4. 4. (International Law) The condition of a nation or government which refrains from taking part, directly or indirectly, in a war between other powers. 5. Those who are neutral; a combination of neutral powers or states. Armed neutrality, the condition of a neutral power, in time of war, which holds itself ready to resist by force any aggression of either belligerent. Neutralization Neu`tral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. neutralisation.] 1. The act or process of neutralizing, or the state of being neutralized. 2. (Chem.) The act or process by which an acid and a base are combined in such proportions that the resulting compound is neutral. See Neutral, a., 4. Neutralize Neu"tral*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neutralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Neutralizing (?).] [Cf. F. neutraliser.] 1. To render neutral; to reduce to a state of neutrality. So here I am neutralized again. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Chem.) To render inert or imperceptible the peculiar affinities of, as a chemical substance; to destroy the effect of; as, to neutralize an acid with a base. 3. To destroy the peculiar or opposite dispositions of; to reduce to a state of indifference inefficience; to counteract; as, to neutralize parties in government; to neutralize efforts, opposition, etc. Counter citations that neutralize each other. E. Everett. Neutralizer Neu"tral*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, neutralizes; that which destroys, disguises, or renders inert the peculiar properties of a body. Neutrally Neu"tral*ly, adv. In a neutral manner; without taking part with either side; indifferently. Neuvaines Neu`vaines" (?), n. pl. [F. neuvaine, fr. LL. novena, fr. L. novem. See Noon.] (R.C.Ch.) Prayers offered up for nine successive days. Nevadite Ne*va"dite (?), n. (Min.) A grantitoid variety of rhyolite, common in Nevada. N\'82v\'82 N\'82`v\'82" (?), n. [F., fr. nix, nivis, snow.] (Geol.) The upper part of a glacier, above the limit or perpetual snow. See Galcier. Neven Nev"en (?), v. t. [Icel. nefna. To name; to mention; to utter. [Obs.] As oft I heard my lord them neven. Chaucer. Never Nev"er (?), adv. [AS. n; ne not, no + ever.] 1. Not ever; not at any time; at no time, whether past, present, or future. Shak. Death still draws nearer, never seeming near. Pope. 2. In no degree; not in the least; not. Whosoever has a friend to guide him, may carry his eyes in another man's head, and yet see never the worse. South. And he answered him to never a word. Matt. xxvii. 14. NOTE: &hand; Ne ver is mu ch us ed in co mposition wi th pr esent participles to form adjectives, as in never-ceasing, never-dying, never-ending, never-fading, never-failing, etc., retaining its usual signification. Never a deal, not a bit. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Never so, as never before; more than at any other time, or in any other circumstances; especially; particularly; -- now often expressed or replaced by ever so. Ask me never so much dower and gift. Gen. xxxiv. 12. A fear of battery, ... though never so well grounded, is no duress. Blackstone. Nevermore Nev"er*more` (?), adv. Never again; at no time hereafter. Testament of Love. Tyndale. Where springtime of the Hesperides Begins, but endeth nevermore. Longfellow. Neverthelater Nev`er*the*lat"er (?), adv. OR conj. Nevertheless. [Obs.] Nevertheless Nev`er*the*less" (?), adv. OR conj. [Never + the (see The by that) + less.] Not the less; notwithstanding; in spite of that; yet. No chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous; nevertheless, afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness. Heb. xii. 11. Syn. -- However; at least; yet; still. See However. Nevew Nev"ew (?), n. Nephew. [Obs.] haucer. New New (?), a. [Compar. Newer (?); superl. Newest.] [OE. OE. newe, AS. niwe, neowe; akin to D. nieuw, OS. niwi, OHG. niuwi, G. neu, Icel. n, Dan. & Sw. ny, Goth. niujis, Lith. naujas, Russ. novuii, Ir. nua, nuadh, Gael. nuadh, W. newydd, Armor. nevez, L. novus, gr. nava, and prob. to E. now. Now, and cf. Announce, Innovate, Neophyte, Novel.] 1. Having existed, or having been made, but a short time; having originated or occured lately; having recently come into existence, or into one's possession; not early or long in being; of late origin; recent; fresh; modern; -- opposed to old, as, a new coat; a new house; a new book; a new fashion. "Your new wife." Chaucer. 2. Not before seen or known, although existing before; lately manifested; recently discovered; as, a new metal; a new planet; new scenes. 3. Newly beginning or recurring; starting anew; now commencing; different from has been; as, a new year; a new course or direction. 4. As if lately begun or made; having the state or quality of original freshness; also, changed for the better; renovated; unworn; untried; unspent; as, rest and travel made him a new man. Steadfasty purposing to lead a new life. Bk. of Com. Prayer. Men after long emaciating diets, fat, and almost new. Bacon. 5. Not of ancient extraction, or of a family of ancient descent; not previously kniwn or famous. Addison. 6. Not habituated; not familiar; unaccustomed. New to the plow, unpracticed in the trace. Pope. 7. Fresh from anything; newly come. New from her sickness to that northern air. Dryden. New birth. See under Birth. -- New Church, OR New Jerusalem Church, the church holding the doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. See Swedenborgian. -- New heart (Theol.), a heart or character changed by the power of God, so as to be governed by new and holy motives. -- New land, land ckeared and cultivated for the first time. -- New light. (Zo\'94l.) See Crappie. -- New moon. (a) The moon in its first quarter, or when it first appears after being invisible. (b) The day when the new moon is first seen; the first day of the lunar month, which was a holy day among the Jews. 2 Kings iv. 23. -- New Red Sandstone (Geol.), an old name for the formation immediately above the coal measures or strata, now divided into the Permian and Trias. See Sandstone. -- New style. See Style. -- New testament. See under Testament. -- New world, the land of the Western Hemisphere; -- so called because not known to the inhabitants of the Eastern Hemisphere until recent times. Syn. -- Novel; recent; fresh; modern. See Novel. New New (?), adv. Newly; recently. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Ne w is much used in composition, adverbially, in the sense of newly, recently, to quality other words, as in new-born, new-formed, new-found, new-mown. Of new, anew. [Obs.] Chaucer. New New, v. t. & i. To make new; to renew. [Obs.] Newborn New"born` (?), a. Recently born. Shak. Newcome New"come` (?), a. Recently come. Newcomer New"com`er (?), n. One who has lately come. Newel New"el (?), n. [From New. Cf. Novel.] A novelty; a new thing. [Obs.] Spenser. Newel New"el (?), n. [OF. nual, F. noyau sone, of fruit, noyau d'escaler newel, fr. L. nucalis like a nut, fr. nux, nucis, nut. Cf Nowel the inner wall of a mold, Nucleus..] (Arch.) The upright post about which the steps of a circular staircase wind; hence, in stairs having straight flights, the principal post at the foot of a staircase, or the secondary ones at the landings. See Hollow newel, under Hollow. Newfangle New"fan`gle (?), a. [New + fangle.] Eager for novelties; desirous of changing. [Obs.] So newfangel be they of their meat. Chaucer. Newfangle New"fan`gle, v. t. To change by introducing novelties. [Obs.] Newfangled New"fan`gled (?), a. 1. Newmade; formed with the affectation of novelty. "A newfangled nomenclature." Sir W. Hamilton. 2. Disposed to change; inclined to novelties; given to new theories or fashions. "Newfangled teachers." 1 Tim. vi. (heading). "Newfangled men." Latimer. Newfangledness New"fan`gled*ness, n. Affectation of, or fondness for, novelty; vain or affected fashion or form. Newfangleness New"fan`gle*ness (?), n. [OE. newefanglenes. See Fangle.] Newfangledness. [Obs.] Chaucer. Proud newfangleness in their apparel. Robynson (More's Utopia). Newfanglist New"fan`glist (?), n. One who is eager for novelties or desirous of change. [Obs.] Tooker. Newfangly New"fan`gly (?), adv. In a newfangled manner; with eagerness for novelty. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Newfashioned New`fash"ioned (?), a. Made in a new form, or lately come into fashion. Newfoundland New"found*land` (?, often , n. 1. An island on the coast of British North America, famed for the fishing grounds in its vicinity. 2. A Newfoundland dog. Tennyson. Newfoundland dog (Zo\'94l.), a breed of large dogs, with shaggy hair, which originated in Newfoundland, noted for intelligence, docility, and swimming powers. Newing New"ing (?), n. [From New, v. t.] Yeast; barm. [prov. Eng.] Newish New"ish, a. Somewhat new; nearly new. Bacon. Newly New"ly, adv. 1. Lately; recently. He rubbed it o'er with newly gathered mint. Dryden. 2. Anew; afresh; freshly. And the refined mind doth newly fashion Into a fairer form. Spenser. Newmarket New"mar`ket (?), n. [From Newmarket, England.] A long, closely fitting cloak. New-model New`-mod"el (?), v. t. To remodel. Newness New"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being new; as, the newness of a system; the newness of a scene; newness of life. _________________________________________________________________ Page 974 News News (?), n [From New; cf. F. nounelles. News 1. A report of recent occurences; information of something that has lately taken place, or of something before unknown; fresh tindings; recent intelligence. Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton. 2. Something strange or newly happened. It is no news for the weak and poor to be a prey to the strong and rich. L'Estrange. 3. A bearer of news; a courier; a newspaper. [Obs.] There cometh a news thither with his horse. Pepys. News-book News"-book` (?), n. A newspaper. [Obs.] newsboy news"boy` (?), n. A boy who distributes or sells newspaper. News-letter News"-let`ter (?), n. A circular letter, written or printed for the purpose of disseminating news. This was the name given to the earliest English newspapers. Newsman News"man (?), n.; pl. Newsmen (. 1. One who brings news. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A man who distributes or sells newspapers. Newsmonger News"mon`ger (?), n. One who deals in news; one who is active in hearing and telling news. Newspaper News"pa`per (?), n. A sheet of paper printed and distributed, at stated intervals, for conveying intelligence of passing events, advocating opinions, etc.; a public print that circulates news, advertisements, proceedings of legislative bodies, public announcements, etc. Newsroom News"room` (?), n. A room where news is collected and disseminated, or periodicals sold; a reading room supplied with newspapers, magazines, etc. News-vnder News"-vnd`er (?), n. A seller of newspapers. News-writer News"-writ`er (?), n. One who gathered news for, and wrote, news-letters. Macaulay. Newsy News"y (?), a. Full of news; abounding in information as to current events. [Colloq.] Newt Newt (?), n. [OE. ewt, evete, AS. efete, with n prefixed, an ewt being understood as a newt. Cf. Eft.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small aquatic salamanders. The common British species are the crested newt (Triton cristatus) and the smooth newt (Lophinus punctatus). In America, Diemictylus viridescens is one of the most abundant species. Newtonian New*to"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or his discoveries. Newtonian philosophy, the philosophy of Sir Isaac Newton; -- applied to the doctrine of the universe as expounded in Newton's "Principia," to the modern or experimental philosophy (as opposed to the theories of Descartes and others), and, most frequently, to the mathematical theory of universal gravitation. -- Newtonian telescope (Astron.), a reflecting telescope, in which rays from the large speculum are received by a plane mirror placed diagonally in the axis, and near the open end of the tube, and thrown at right angles toward one side of the tube, where the image is formed and viewed through the eyeplace. -- Newtonian theory of light. See Note under Light. Newtonian New*to"ni*an, n. A follower of Newton. New-year New"-year` (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or suitable for, the commencement of the year; as, New-year gifts or odes. New Year's Day New" Year's` Day" (?). the first day of a calendar year; the first day of January. Often colloquially abbreviated to New year's or new year. New Zealand New` Zea"land (?). A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. New Zealand flax. (a) (Bot.) A tall, liliaceous herb (Phormium tenax), having very long, sword-shaped, distichous leaves which furnish a fine, strong fiber very valuable for cordage and the like. (b) The fiber itself. -- New Zealand tea (Bot.), a myrtaceous shrub (Leptospermum scoparium) of New Zealand and Australia, the leaves of which are used as a substitute for tea. Nexible Nex"i*ble (?), a. [L. nexibilis, from nectere, nexum, to bind.] That may be knit together. [R.] Next Next (?), a., superl. of Nigh. [AS. n, ni\'82hst, n, superl. of ne\'a0h nigh. See Nigh.] 1. Nearest in place; having no similar object intervening. Chaucer. Her princely guest Was next her side; in order sat the rest. Dryden. Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way. Bunyan. 2. Nearest in time; as, the next day or hour. 3. Adjoining in a series; immediately preceding or following in order. None could tell whose turn should be the next. Gay. 4. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right, or relation; as, the next heir was an infant. The man is near of kin unto us, one of our next kinsmen. Ruth ii. 20. NOTE: &hand; Ne xt is usually followed by to before an object, but to is sometimes omitted. In such cases next in considered by many grammarians as a preposition. Next friend (Law), one who represents an infant, a married woman, or any person who can not appear sui juris, in a suit at law. Next Next, adv. In the time, place, or order nearest or immediately suceeding; as, this man follows next. Nexus Nex"us (?), n. [L.] Connection; tie. Man is doubtless one by some subtile nexus ... extending from the new-born infant to the superannuated dotard. De Quincey. Nez Perc\'82s Nez" Per`c\'82s" (?), pl.; sing. Nez Perc\'90 (. [F., pierced noses.] (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians, mostly inhabiting Idaho. <-- involved under Chief Joseph, in the last major battle of the Indian wars, attempting to resist being moved to a reservation. --> Ngina Ngi"na (?), n. [Native name.] The gorilla. Niagara period Ni*ag"a*ra pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A subdivision or the American Upper Silurian system, embracing the Medina, Clinton, and Niagara epoch. The rocks of the Niagara epoch, mostly limestones, are extensively distributed, and at Niagara Falls consist of about eighty feet of shale supporting a greater thickness of limestone, which is gradually undermined by the removal of the shale. See Chart of Geology. Nias Ni"as (?), n. [F. niais. See Eyas.] A young hawk; an eyas; hence, an unsophisticated person. [Obs.] Nib Nib (?), n. [A variabt of neb.] 1. A small and pointed thing or part; a point; a prong. "The little nib or fructifying principle." Sir T. Browne. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The bill or beak of a bird; the neb. 3. The points of a pen; also, the pointed part of a pen; a short pen adapted for insertion in a holder. 4. One of the handles which project from a scythe snath; also, [Prov. Eng.], the shaft of a wagon. Nib Nib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nebbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nibbing.] To furnish with a nib; to point; to mend the point of; as, to nib a pen. Nibbed Nibbed (?), a. Having a nib or point. Nibble Nib"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nibbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nibbling (?).] [Cf. Nip.] To bite by little at a time; to seize gently with the mouth; to eat slowly or in small bits. Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep. Shak. Nibble Nib"ble, v. t. To bite upon something gently or cautiously; to eat a little of a thing, as by taking small bits cautiously; as, fishes nibble at the bait. Instead of returning a full answer to my book, he manifestly falls a-nibbling at one single passage. Tillotson. Nibble Nib"ble, n. A small or cautious bite.<-- 2. a tentative expression of interest [MW10]. --> Nibbler Nib"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, nibbles. Nibblingly Nib"bling*ly (?), adv. In a nibbling manner; cautiously. Niblick Nib"lick (?), n. A kind of golf stick used to lift the ball out of holes, ruts, etc. Nicagua Ni*ca"gua (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The laughing falcon. See under laughing. Nicaragua wood Nic`a*ra"gua wood` (?). Brazil wood. Niccolite Nic"co*lite (?), n. [from NL. niccolum nickel.] (Min.) A mineral of a copper-red color and metallic luster; an arsenide of nickel; -- called also coppernickel, kupfernickel. Nice Nice (?), a. [Compar. Nicer (?); superl. Nicest.] [OE., foolish, fr. OF. nice ignorant, fool, fr. L. nescius ignorant; ne not + scius knowing, scire to know. perhaps influenced by E. nesh delicate, soft. See No, and Science.] 1. Foolish; silly; simple; ignorant; also, weak; effeminate. [Obs.] Gower. But say that we ben wise and nothing nice. Chaucer. 2. Of trifling moment; nimportant; trivial. [Obs.] The letter was not nice, but full of charge Of dear import. Shak. 3. Overscrupulous or exacting; hard to please or satisfy; fastidious in small matters. Curious not knowing, not exact but nice. Pope. And to taste Think not I shall be nice. Milton. 4. Delicate; refined; dainty; pure. Dear love, continue nice and chaste. Donne. A nice and subtile happiness. Milton. 5. Apprehending slight diffferences or delicate distinctions; distinguishing accurately or minutely; carefully discriminating; as, a nice taste or judgment. "Our author happy in a judge so nice." Pope. "Nice verbal criticism." Coleridge. 6. Done or made with careful labor; suited to excite admiration on account of exactness; evidencing great skill; exact; fine; finished; as, nice proportions, nice workmanship, a nice application; exactly or fastidiously discriminated; requiring close discrimination; as, a nice point of law, a nice distinction in philosophy. The difference is too nice Where ends the virtue, or begins the vice. Pope. 7. Pleasing; agreeable; gratifying; delightful; good; as, a nice party; a nice excursion; a nice person; a nice day; a nice sauce, etc. [Loosely & Colloquially] To make nice of, to be scrupulous about. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Dainty; delicate; exquisite; fine; accurate; exact; correct; precise; particular; scrupulous; punctilious; fastidious; squeamish; finical; effeminate; silly. Nicely Nice"ly adv. In a nice manner. Nicene Ni"cene (?), a. [L. Nicaenus, fr. Nicaea Nice, Gr. Of or pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor, or to the ecumenial council held there A. D. 325. Nicene Creed (, a summary of Christian faith, composed and adopted by the Council of Nice, against Arianism, A. D. 325, altered and confirmed by the Council of Constantinople, A. D. 381, and by subsequent councils. Niceness Nice"ness (?), n. Quality or state of being nice. Nicery Ni"cer*y (?), n. Nicety. [Colloq.] Chapman. Nicety Ni"ce*ty (?), n.; pl. Niceties (#). [OE. nicet\'82 foolishness.] 1. The quality or state of being nice (in any of the senses of that word.). The miller smiled of her nicety. Chaucer. 2. Delicacy or exactness of perception; minuteness of observation or of discrimination; precision. 3. A delicate expression, act, mode of treatment, distinction, or the like; a minute distinction. The fineness and niceties of words. Locke. To a nicety, with great exactness or accuracy. Niche Niche (?), n. [F., fr. It. nicchia, prop., a shell-like recess in a wall, fr. nicchio a shellfish, mussel, fr. L. mytilus.] A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament. hence, any similar position, literal or figurative. Images defended from the injuries of the weather by niches of stone wherein they are placed. Evelun. Niched Niched. (, a. Placed in a niche. "Those niched shapes of noble mold." Tennyson. Nick Nick (, n. [AS. nicor a marine monster; akin to D. nikker a water spite, Icel. nykr, ONG. nihhus a crocodile, G. nix a water sprite; cf. Gr. nij. Cf. Nix.] (Northern Myth.) An evil spirit of the waters. Old Nick, the evil one; the devil. [Colloq.] Nick Nick, n. [Akin to Nock.] 1. A notch cut into something; as: (a) A score for keeping an account; a reckoning. [Obs.] (b) (Print.) A notch cut crosswise in the shank of a type, to assist a compositor in placing it properly in the stick, and in distribution. W. Savage. (c) A broken or indented place in any edge or surface; nicks in china. 2. A particular point or place considered as marked by a nick; the exact point or critical moment. To cut it off in the very nick. Howell. This nick of time is the critical occasion for the gainger of a point. L'Estrange. Nick Nick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nicking.] 1. To make a nick or nicks in; to notch; to keep count of or upon by nicks; as, to nick a stick, tally, etc. 2. To mar; to deface; to make ragged, as by cutting nicks or notches in. And thence proceed to nicking sashes. Prior. The itch of his affection should not then Have nicked his captainship. Shak. 3. To suit or fit into, as by a correspondence of nicks; to tally with. Words nicking and resembling one another are applicable to different significations. Camden. 4. To hit at, or in, the nick; to touch rightly; to strike at the precise point or time. The just season of doing things must be nicked, and all accidents improved. L'Estrange. 5. To make a cross cut or cuts on the under side of (the tail of a horse, in order to make him carry ir higher). Nick Nick, v. t. To nickname; to style. [Obs.] For Warbeck, as you nick him, came to me. Ford. Nickar nut, Nickar tree Nick"ar nut` (?), Nick"ar tree` (?). (Bot.) Same as Nicker nut, Nicker tree. Nickel Nick"el (?), n. [G., fr. Sw. nickel, abbrev. from Sw. kopparnickel copper-nickel, a name given in derision, as it was thought to be a base ore of copper. The origin of the second part of the word is uncertain. Cf. Kupfer-nickel, Copper-nickel.] 1. (Chem.) A bright silver-white metallic element. It is of the iron group, and is hard, malleable, and ductile. It occurs combined with sulphur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral niccolite, and with arsenic and sulphur in nickel glance. Symbol Ni. Atomic weight 58.6. NOTE: &hand; On ac count of its permanence in air and inertness to oxidation, it is used in the smaller coins, for plating iron, brass, etc., for chemical apparatus, and in certain alloys, as german silver. It is magnetic, and is very frequently accompanied by cobalt, both being found in meteoric iron. 2. A small coin made of or containing nickel; esp., a five-cent piece. [Colloq. U.S.] Nickel silver, an alloy of nickel, copper, and zinc; -- usually called german silver; called also argentan. Nickelic Nick*el"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, nickel; specifically, designating compounds in which, as contrasted with the nickelous compounds, the metal has a higher valence; as nickelic oxide. Nickeliferous Nick`el*if"er*ous (?), a. [Nickel + -ferous.] Containing nickel; as, nickelferous iron. Nickeline Nick"el*ine (? OR ?), n. 1. (Chem.) An alloy of nickel, a variety of German silver. 2. (Min.) Niccolite. Nickelous Nick"el*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, those compounds of nickel in which, as contrasted with the nickelic compounds, the metal has a lower valence; as, nickelous oxide. Frankland. Nicker Nick"er (?), n. [From Nick, v.t.] 1. One of the night brawlers of London formerly noted for breaking windows with half-pence. [Cant] Arbuthnot. 2. The cutting lip which projects downward at the edge of a boring bit and cuts a circular groove in the wood to limit the size of the hole that is bored. Nicker nut Nick"er nut` (?). A rounded seed, rather smaller than a nutmeg, having a hard smooth shell, and a yellowish or bluish color. The seeds grow in the prickly pods of tropical, woody climbers of the genus C\'91salpinia. C. Bonduc has yellowish seeds; C.Bonducella, bluish gray. [Spelt also neckar nut, nickar nut.] Nicker tree Nick"er tree` (?). (Bot.) The plant producing nicker nuts. [Written also neckar tree and nickar tree.] Nicking Nick"ing, n. [From Nick, v. t.] (Coal Mining) (a) The cutting made by the hewer at the side of the face. (b) pl. Small coal produced in making the nicking. Nickle Nic"kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European woodpecker, or yaffle; -- called also nicker pecker. Nicknack Nick"nack` (?), n. See Knickknack. Nicknackery Nick"nack`er*y (?), n. See Knickknackery. Nickname Nick"name` (?), n. [OE. ekename surname, hence, a nickname, an ekename being understood as a nekename, influenced also by E. nick, v. See Eke, and Name.] A name given in contempt, derision, or sportive familiarity; a familiar or an opprobrious appellation. Nickname Nick"name`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nicknamed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Nicknaming.] To give a nickname to; to call by a nickname. You nickname virtue; vice you should have spoke. Shak. I altogether disclaim what has been nicknamed the doctrine of finality. Macaulay. _________________________________________________________________ Page 975 Nicolaitan Ni`co*la"i*tan (?), n. [So called from Nicolas of Antioch, mentioned in Acts vi. 5.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of certain corrupt persons in the early church at Ephesus, who are censured in rev. ii. 6, 15. Nicotian Ni*co"tian (?), n. [F. nicotiane; -- so called from Nicot, who introduced it into France, a.d. 15 Tobacco. [R.] B. Jonson. Nicotian Ni*co"tian, a. Pertaining to, or derived from, tobacco. [R.] Bp. Hall. Nicotian Ni*co"ti*an (?), n. [NL. See Nicotian.] (Bot.) A genus of American and Asiatic solanaceous herbs, with viscid foliage and funnel-shaped blossoms. Several species yield tobacco. See Tobacco. Nicotianine Ni*co"ti*a*nine (? OR ?), n. [F. nicotianine. See Nicotian.] (Chem.) A white waxy substance having a hot, bitter taste, extracted from tobacco leaves and called also tobacco camphor. Nicotic Ni*cot"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Nicotinic. Nicotidine Ni*cot"i*dine (? OR ?), n. [Nicotine + pyridine.] (Chem.) A complex, oily, nitrogenous base, isomeric with nicotine, and obtained by the reduction of certain derivatives of the pyridine group. Nicotine Nic"o*tine (? OR ?), n. [F. nicotine. See Nicotian.] (Chem.) An alkaloid which is the active principle of tobacco. It is a colorless, transparent, oily liquid, having an acrid odor, and an acrid burning taste. It is intensely poisonous. Ure. Nicotinic Nic`o*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, nicotine; nicotic; -- used specifically to designate an acid related to pyridine, obtained by the oxidation of nicotine, and called nicotinic acid. Nictate Nic"tate (?), v. i. [L. nictare, nictatum, from nicere to beckon.] To wink; to nictitate. Nictation Nic*ta"tion (?), n. [L. nictatio nictation.] the act of winking; nictitation. Nictitate Nic"ti*tate (?), v. i. [See Nictate.] To wink; to nictate. Nictitating membrance (Anat.), a thin membrance, found in many animals at the inner angle, or beneath the lower lid, of the eye, and capable of being drawn across the eyeball; the third eyelid; the haw. Nictitation Nic`ti*ta"tion (?), n. The act of winking. Nidamental Nid`a*men"tal (?), a. [L. nidamentum materials for a nest, fr. nidus nest. See Nest.] (Zo\'94l.) of, pertaining to, or baring, eggs or egg capsules; as, the nidament capsules of certain gastropods; nidamental glands. See Illust. of Dibranchiata. Nidary Ni"da*ry (?), n. [L. nidus a nest.] A collection of nests. [R.] velyn. Nide Nide (?), n. [L. nidus a nest: cf. F. nid.] A nestful; a brood; as, a nide of pheasants. [Obs.] Nidering Ni"der*ing (?), a. [See Niding.] Infamous; dastardly. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott. Nidgery Nidg"er*y (?), n. [See Nidget.] A trifle; a piece of foolery. [Obs.] Skinner. Nidget Nidg"et (?), n. [Written also nigget, nigeot.] [Cf. F. nigaud a boody, fool, OF. niger to play the fool.] A fool; an idiot, a coward. [Obs.] Camden. Nidificate Nid"i*fi*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nidificated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nidificating.] [L. nidificare, nidificatum; nidus nest + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy, and cf. nest.] To make a nest. Where are the fishes which nidificated in trees? Lowell. Nidification Nid`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. nidification.] The act or process of building a nest. Niding Ni"ding (n&imac;"d&icr;ng), n. [Written also nithing.] [AS. n&imac;&edh;ing, fr. n&imac;&edh; wickness, malice, hatred.] A coward; a dastard; -- a term of utmost opprobrium. [Obs.] He is worthy to be called a niding. Howell. Nidor Ni"dor (?), n. [L.] Scent or savor of meat or food, cooked or cooking. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Nidorose Ni"dor*ose` (?), a. Nidorous. [R.] Arbuthnot. Nidorous Ni"dor*ous (?), a. [L. nidorosus steaming, reeking: cf. F. nidoreux. See Nidor.] Resembling the smell or taste of roast meat, or of corrupt animal matter. [R.] Nidulant Nid"u*lant (?), a. [L. nidulans, p.pr.: cf. F. Nidulant.] 1. Nestling, as a bird in itss nest. 2. (Bot.) Lying loose in pulp or cotton within a berry or pericarp, as in a nest. Nidulate Nid"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nidulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nidulating.] [L. nidulari, fr. nidulus, dim. of nidus a nest.] To make a nest, as a bird. [R.] Cockeram. Nidulation Nid`u*la"tion (?), n. The time of remaining in the nest. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Nidulite Nid"u*lite (?), n. [L. nidulus a little nest.] (Paleon.) A Silurian fossil, formerly supposed to consist of eggs. Nidus Ni"dus (?), n.; pl. nidi (#). [L. See Nidi, Nest.] A nest: a repository for the eggs of birds, insects, etc.; a breeding place; esp., the place or substance where parasites or the germs of a disease effect lodgment or are developed. Niece Niece (?), n. [OE. nece, F. ni\'8ace, LL. neptia, for L. neptis a granddaughter, niece, akin to nepos. See Nephew.] 1. A relative, in general; especially, a descendant, whether male or female; a granddaughter or a grandson. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Wyclif. Shak. 2. A daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law.<-- primary usage --> Nief Nief (?), n. See Neif, the fist. Niellist Ni*el"list (?), n. One who practices the style of ornamentation called niello. Niello Ni*el"lo (?), n. [It. niello, LL. nigellum a black of blackish enamel, fr. L. nigellus, dim. of niger black. See Negro, and cf. Anneal.] 1. A metallic alloy of a deep black color. 2. The art, process, or method of decorating metal with incised designs filled with the black alloy. 3. A piece of metal, or any other object, so decorated. 4. An impression on paper taken from an ancient incised decoration or metal plate. Nifle Ni"fle (?), n. [OF.] A trifle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Niggard Nig"gard (?), n. [Icel. hn\'94ggr niggardly, stingy + -ard; cf. Sw. njugg, AS. hne\'a0w.] A person meanly close and covetous; one who spends grudgingly; a stingy, parsimonous fellow; a miser. Chaucer. A penurious niggard of his wealth. Milton. Be niggards of advice on no pretense. Pope. Niggard Nig"gard, a. Like a niggard; meanly covetous or parsimonious; niggardly; miserly; stingy. Niggard Nig"gard, v. t. & i. To act the niggard toward; to be niggardly. [R.] Shak. Niggardise Nig"gard*ise (?), n. Niggardliness. [Obs.] Spenser. Niggardish Nig"gard*ish, a. Somewhat niggard. Niggardliness Nig"gard*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being niggard; meanness in giving or spending; parsimony; stinginess. Niggardliness is not good husbandry. Addison. Niggardly Nig"gard*ly, a. Meanly covetous or avarcious in dealing with others; stingy; niggard. Where the owner of the house will be bountiful, it is not for the steward to be niggardly. Bp. Hall. Syn. -- Avarcious; covetous; parsimonious; sparing; miserly; penurios; sordid; stingy. See Avaricious. Niggardly Nig"gard*ly, adv. In a niggard manner. Niggardness Nig"gard*ness, n. Niggardliness. Sir P. Sidney. Niggardous Nig"gard*ous (?), a. Niggardly. [Obs.] Covetous gathering and niggardous keeping. Sir T. More. Naggardship Nag"gard*ship, n. Niggardliness. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Niggardy Nig"gard*y (?), n. Niggardliness. [Obs.] Chaucer. nigged nigged (?), n. [Prov. E. nig to clip money.] (Masonry) Hammer-dressed; -- said of building stone. Nigger Nig"ger (?), n. A negro; -- in vulgar derision or depreciation. Niggish Nig"gish (?), a. [See Niggard.] Niggardly. [Obs.] Niggle Nig"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Niggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Niggling (?).] [Dim. of Prov. E. nig to clip money; cf. also Prov. E. nig a small piece.] To trifle with; to deceive; to mock. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Niggle Nig"gle, v. t. 1. To trifle or play. Take heed, daughter, You niggle not with your conscience and religion. Massinger. 2. To act or walk mincingly. [Prov. Eng.] 3. To fret and snarl about trifles. [Prov. Eng.] Niggler Nig"gler (?), n. One who niggles. Nigh Nigh (?), a. [Compar. Nigher (?); superl. Nighest, or Next (.] [OE. nigh, neigh, neih, AS. ne\'a0h, n; akin to D. na, adv., OS. n\'beh, a., OHG. n\'beh, G. nah, a., nach to, after, Icel. n\'be (in comp.) nigh, Goth. n, n, adv., nigh. Cf. Near, Neighbor, Next.] 1. Not distant or remote in place or time; near. The loud tumult shows the battle nigh. Prior. 2. Not remote in degree, kindred, circumstances, etc.; closely allied; intimate. "Nigh kinsmen." Knolles. Ye ... are made nigh by the blood of Christ. Eph. ii. 13. Syn. -- Near; close; adjacent; contiguous; present; neighboring. Nigh Nigh, adv. [AS. ne\'a0h, n. See Nigh, a.] 1. In a situation near in place or time, or in the course of events; near. He was sick, nigh unto death. Phil. ii. 27. He drew not nigh unheard; the angel bright, Ere he drew nigh, his radiant visage turned. Milton. 2. Almost; nearly; as, he was nigh dead. Nigh Nigh, v. t. & i. To draw nigh (to); to approach; to come near. [Obs.] Wyclif (Matt. iii. 2). Nigh Nigh, prep. Near to; not remote or distant from. "was not this nigh shore?" Shak. Nighly Nigh"ly, adv. In a near relation in place, time, degree, etc.; within a little; almost. [Obs.] A cube and a sphere ... nighly of the same bigness. Locke. Nighness Nigh"ness, n. The quality or state of being nigh. [R.] "Nighness of blood." Holished. Night Night (?), n. [OE. night, niht, AS. neaht, niht; akin to D. nacht, OS. & OHG. naht, G. nacht, Icel. n, Sw. natt, Dan. nat, Goth. nachts, Lith. naktis, Russ. noche, W. nos, Ir. nochd, L. nox, noctis, gr. nakta, nakti. &root; 265. Cf. Equinox, Nocturnal.] 1. That part of the natural day when the sun is beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise; esp., the time between dusk and dawn, when there is no light of the sun, but only moonlight, starlight, or artificial light. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Gen. i. 5. 2. Hence: (a) Darkness; obscurity; concealment. Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night. Pope. (b) Intellectual and moral darkness; ignorance. (c) A state of affliction; adversity; as, a dreary night of sorrow. (d) The period after the close of life; death. She closed her eyes in everlasting night. Dryden. (e) A lifeless or unenlivened period, as when nature seems to sleep. "Sad winter's night". Spenser. NOTE: &hand; Night is sometimes used, esp. with participles, in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, night-blooming, night-born, night-warbling, etc. Night by night, Night after night, nightly; many nights. So help me God, as I have watched the night, Ay, night by night, in studying good for England. Shak. -- Night bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The moor hen (Gallinula chloropus). (b) The Manx shearwater (Puffinus Anglorum). -- Night blindness. (Med.) See Hemeralopia. -- Night cart, a cart used to remove the contents of privies by night. -- Night churr, (Zo\'94l.), the nightjar. -- Night crow, a bird that cries in the night. -- Night dog, a dog that hunts in the night, -- used by poachers. -- Night fire. (a) Fire burning in the night. (b) Ignis fatuus; Will-o'-the-wisp; Jask-with-a-lantern. -- Night flyer (Zo\'94l.), any creature that flies in the night, as some birds and insects. -- night glass, a spyglass constructed to concentrate a large amount of light, so as see objects distinctly at night. Totten. -- Night green, iodine green. -- Night hag, a witch supposed to wander in the night. -- Night hawk (Zo\'94l.), an American bird (Chordeiles Virginianus), allied to the goatsucker. It hunts the insects on which it feeds toward evening, on the wing, and often, diving down perpendicularly, produces a loud whirring sound, like that of a spinning wheel. Also sometimes applied to the European goatsuckers. It is called also bull bat. -- Night heron (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of herons of the genus Nycticorax, found in various parts of the world. The best known species is Nycticorax griseus, or N. nycticorax, of Europe, and the American variety (var. n\'91vius). The yellow-crowned night heron (Nycticorax violaceus) inhabits the Southern States. Called also qua-bird, and squawk. -- Night house, a public house, or inn, which is open at night. -- Night key, a key for unfastening a night latch. -- Night latch, a kind of latch for a door, which is operated from the outside by a key. -- Night monkey (Zo\'94l.), an owl monkey. -- night moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of the noctuids. -- Night parrot (Zo\'94l.), the kakapo. -- Night piece, a painting representing some night scene, as a moonlight effect, or the like. -- Night rail, a loose robe, or garment, worn either as a nightgown, or over the dress at night, or in sickness. [Obs.] -- Night raven (Zo\'94l.), a bird of ill omen that cries in the night; esp., the bittern. -- Night rule. (a) A tumult, or frolic, in the night; -- as if a corruption, of night revel. [Obs.] (b) Such conduct as generally rules, or prevails, at night. What night rule now about this haunted grove? Shak. -- Night sight. (Med.) See Nyctolopia. -- Night snap, a night thief. [Cant] Beau. & Fl. -- Night soil, human excrement; -- so called because in cities it is collected by night and carried away for manure. -- Night spell, a charm against accidents at night. -- Night swallow (Zo\'94l.), the nightjar. -- Night walk, a walk in the evening or night. -- Night walker. (a) One who walks in his sleep; a somnambulist; a noctambulist. (b) One who roves about in the night for evil purposes; specifically, a prostitute who walks the streets. -- Night walking. (a) Walking in one's sleep; somnambulism; noctambulism. (b) Walking the streets at night with evil designs. -- Night warbler (Zo\'94l.), the sedge warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis); -- called also night singer. [prov. Eng.] -- Night watch. (a) A period in the night, as distinguished by the change of watch. (b) A watch, or guard, to aford protection in the night. -- Night watcher, one who watches in the night; especially, one who watches with evil designs. -- Night witch. Same as Night hag, above. Night-blooming Night"-bloom`ing (?), a. Blooming in the night. Night-blooming cereus. (Bot.) See Note under Cereus. Nightcap Night"cap` (?), n. 1. A cap worn in bed to protect the head, or in undress. 2. A potion of spirit drank at bedtime. [Cant] Wright. Nightdress Night"dress` (?), n. A nightgown. Nighted Night"ed, a. 1. Darkness; clouded. [R.] Shak. 2. Overtaken by night; belated. Beau. & Fl. Nightertale Night"er*tale (?), n. [Cf. Icel. n\'bettarpel.] period of night; nighttime. [Obs.] Chaucer. Night-eyed Night"-eyed` (?), a. Capable of seeing at night; sharp-eyed. "Your night-eyed Tiberius." B. Jonson. Nightfall Night"fall` (?), n. The close of the day. Swift. Night-faring Night"-far`ing (?), a. Going or traveling in the night. Gay. Nightgown Night"gown` (?), n. A loose gown used for undress; also, a gown used for a sleeping garnment. Nightingale Night"in*gale (?), n. [OE. nihtegale,nightingale, AS. nihtegale; niht night + galan to sing, akin to E. yell; cf. D. nachtegaal, OS. nahtigala, OHG. nahtigala, G. nachtigall, Sw. n\'84ktergal, Dan. nattergal. See Night, and Yell.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A small, plain, brown and gray European song bird (Luscinia luscinia). It sings at night, and is celebrated for the sweetness of its song. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A larger species (Lucinia philomela), of Eastern Europe, having similar habits; the thrush nightingale. The name is also applied to other allied species. Mock nightingale. (Zo\'94l.) See Blackcap, n., 1 (a). Nightish Night"ish, a. Of or pertaining to night. Nightjar Night"jar` (?), n. A goatsucker, esp. the European species. See Illust. of Goatsucker. Nightless Night"less, a. Having no night. Nightlong Night"long` (?; 115), a. Lasting all night. Nightly Night"ly, a. Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or done by night, or every night; as, nightly shades; he kept nightly vigils. Nightly Night"ly, adv. At night; every night. Nightman Night"man (?), n.; pl. Nightmen (. One whose business is emptying privies by night. _________________________________________________________________ Page 976 Nightmare Night"mare` (?), n. [Night + mare incubus. See Mare incubus.] 1. A fiend or incubus formerly supposed to cause trouble in sleep. 2. A condition in sleep usually caused by improper eating or by digestive or nervous troubles, and characterized by a sense of extreme uneasiness or discomfort (as of weight on the chest or stomach, impossibility of motion or speech, etc.), or by frightful or oppressive dreams, from which one wakes after extreme anxiety, in a troubled state of mind; incubus. Dunglison. 3. Hence, any overwhelming, oppressive, or stupefying influence. Nightshade Night"shade` (?), n. [AS. nichtscadu.] (Bot.) A common name of many species of the genus Solanum, given esp. to the Solanum nigrum, or black nightshade, a low, branching weed with small white flowers and black berries reputed to be poisonous. Deadly nightshade. Same as Belladonna (a). -- Enchanter's nightshade. See under Enchanter. -- Stinking nightshade. See Henbane. -- Three-leaved nightshade. See Trillium. Nightshirt Night"shirt` (?), n. A kind of nightgown for men. Nighttime Night"time` (?), n. The time from dusk to dawn; -- opposed to daytime. Nightward Night"ward (?), a. Approaching toward night. Nigraniline Ni*gran"i*line (? OR ?), n. [L. niger black + E. aniline.] (Chem.) The complex, nitrogenous, organic base and dyestuff called also aniline black. Nigrescent Ni*gres"cent (?), a. [L. nigrescens, p.pr. of nigrescere to grow black, fr. niger black. See Negro.] Growing black; changing to a black color; approaching to blackness. Johnson. Nigrification Nig`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. nigrificare to blacken; niger black + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or process of making black. [R.] Johnson. Nigrine Ni"grine (?), n. [L. niger black: cf. F. nigrine.] (Min.) A ferruginous variety of rutile. Nigritude Nig"ri*tude (?), n. [L. nigritudo, fr. niger black.] Blackness; the state of being black. Lamb. Nigromancie Nig"ro*man`cie (?), n. Necromancy. [Obs.] Nigromancien Nig"ro*man`cien (?), n. A necromancer. [Obs.] These false enchanters or nigromanciens. Chaucer. Nigrosine Ni"gro*sine (? OR ?), n. [From L. niger black.] (Chem.) A dark blue dyestuff, of the induline group; -- called also azodiphenyl blue. Nigua Ni"gua (?), n. [Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) The chigoe. Nihil Ni"hil (?), n. [L.] Nothing. Nihil album [L., white nothing] (Chem.), oxide of zinc. See under Zinc. -- Nihil debet [L., he owes nothing] (Law), the general issue in certain actions of debt. -- Nihil dicit [L., he says nothing] (Law), a declinature by the defendant to plead or answer. Tomlins. Nihilism Ni"hil*ism (?), n. [L. nihil nothing: cf. F. nihilisme. See Annihilate.] 1. Nothingness; nihility. 2. The doctrine that nothing can be known; scepticism as to all knowledge and all reality. 3. (Politics) The theories and practices of the Nihilists. Nihilist Ni"hil*ist, n. [Cf. F. nihiliste. See Nihilism.] 1. One who advocates the doctrine of nihilism; one who believes or teaches that nothing can be known, or asserted to exist. 2. (Politics) A member of a secret association (esp. in Russia), which is devoted to the destruction of the present political, religious, and social institutions. Nihilistic Ni`hil*is"tic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, nihilism. Nihility Ni*hil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. nihilit\'82. See Nihilism.] Nothingness; a state of being nothing. Nil Nil (?). [See Nill, v. t.] Will not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nil Nil, n. & a. [L., a contr. of nihil.] Nothing; of no account; worthless; -- a term often used for canceling, in accounts or bookkeeping. A. J. Ellis. <-- (computers) A special value used in certain computer languages to mean "no value", to be distinguished from the value zero. --> Nile Nile (?), n. [L. Nilus, gr. The great river of Egypt. Nile bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The crocodile bird. -- Nile goose (Zo\'94l.), the Egyptian goose. See Note under Goose, 2. Nilgau Nil"gau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) see Nylghau. Nill Nill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nilling.] [AS. nilan, nyllan; ne not + willan to will. See No, and Will.] Not to will; to refuse; to reject. [Obs.] Certes, said he, I nill thine offered grace. Spenser. Nill Nill, v. i. To be unwilling; to refuse to act. The actions of the will are "velle" and "nolle," to will and nill. Burton. Will he, nill he, whether he wills it or not.<-- contracted to willy-nilly --> Nill Nill, n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. neul star, light. Cf. Nebula.] 1. Shining sparks thrown off from melted brass. 2. Scales of hot iron from the forge. Knight. Nilometer Ni*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. nilom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the rise of water in the Nile during its periodical flood. Niloscope Ni"lo*scope (?), n. [Gr. A Nilometer. Nilotic Ni*lot"ic (?), a. [L. Niloticus, fr. Nilus th Nile, Gr. nilotique.] Of or pertaining to the river Nile; as, the Nilotic crocodile. Nilt Nilt (?). [Contr. fr. ne wilt.] Wilt not. [Obs.] Nim Nim (?), v. t. [imp. Nam (?) or Nimmed (; p. p. Nomen (?) or Nome (.] [AS. niman. &root; 7. Cf. Nimble.] To take; to steal; to filch. [Obs.] This canon it in his hand nam. Chaucer. Nimbiferous Nim*bif"er*ous (?), a. [L. nimbifer; nimbus a cloud + ferre to bear.] Serving to bring clouds or stormy weather. Nimble Nim"ble (?), a. [Compar. Nimbler (?); superl. Nimblest (?).] [OE. nimel, prob. orig., quick at seizing, fr. nimen to take, AS. niman; akin to D. nemen, G. nehmen, OHG. neman, Icel. nema, Goth. nima, and prob. to Gr. Nomand, Numb.] Light and quick in motion; moving with ease and celerity; lively; swift. Through the mid seas the nimble pinnace sails. Pope. NOTE: &hand; Ni mble is so metimes us ed in th e fo rmation of self-explaining compounds; as, nimble-footed, nimble-pinioned, nimble-winged, etc. Nimble Will (Bot.), a slender, branching, American grass (Muhlenbergia diffusa), of some repute for grazing purposes in the Mississippi valley. Syn. -- Agile; quick; active; brisk; lively; prompt. Nimbleness Nim"ble*ness, n. The quality of being nimble; lightness and quickness in motion; agility; swiftness. Nimbless Nim"bless (?), n. Nimbleness. [Obs.] Spenser. Nimbly Nim"bly, adv. In a nimble manner; with agility; with light, quick motion. Nimbose Nim*bose" (?), a. [L. nimbosus, fr. nimbus cloud.] Cloudy; stormy; tempestuous. Nimbus Nim"bus (?), n.; pl. L. Nimbi (#), E. Nimbuses (#). [L., a rain storm, a rain cloud, the cloudshaped which enveloped the gods when they appeared on earth.] 1. (Fine Arts) A circle, or disk, or any indication of radiant light around the heads of divinities, saints, and sovereigns, upon medals, pictures, etc.; a halo. See Aureola, and Glory, n., 5. NOTE: &hand; "T he ni mbus is of pagan origin." "As an atribute of power, the nimbus is often seen attached to the heads of evil spirits." Fairholl. 2. (Meteor.) A rain cloud; one of the four principal varieties of clouds. See Cloud. Nimiety Ni*mi"e*ty (?), n. [L. nimietas, fr. nimius, a., nimis, adv., too much.] State of being in excess. [R.] There is a nimiety, a too-muchess, in all Germans. Coleridge. Nimious Nim"i*ous (?), a. [L. nimius.] Excessive; extravagant; inordinate. [Obs.] Nimmer Nim"mer (?), n. [From Nim.] A thief. [Obs.] Nin Nin (?). [Fr. ne in.] Not in. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nincompoop Nin"com*poop (?), n. [A corruption of non compos.] A fool; a silly or stupid person. [Law] An old ninnyhammer, a dotard, a nincompoop, is the best language she can afford me. Addison. Nine Nine (?), a. [OE. nine, nihen, AS. nigon, nigan; akin to D. & LG. negen, OS. & OFries. nigun, OHG. niun, G. neun, Icel. n\'c6u, sw. nio, Dan. ni, Goth. niun, Ir. & Gael. naoi, W. naw, L. novem, gr. navan; of unknown origin. Novembeer.] Eight and one more; one less than ten; as, nine miles. Nine men's morris. See Morris. -- Nine points circle (Geom.), a circle so related to any given triangle as to pass through the three points in which the perpendiculars from the angles of the triangle upon the opposite sides (or the sides produced) meet the sides. It also passes through the three middle points of the sides of the triangle and through the three middle points of those parts of the perpendiculars that are between their common point of meeting and the angles of the triangle. The circle is hence called the nine points OR six points circle. Nine Nine, n. 1. The number greater than eight by a unit; nine units or objects. 2. A symbol representing nine units, as 9 or ix. The Nine, the nine Muses. Nine-bark Nine"-bark` (?), n. (Bot.) A white-flowered rosaceous shrub (Neillia, OR Spir\'91a, opulifolia), common in the Northern United States. The bark separates into many thin layers, whence the name. Nine-eyes Nine"-eyes` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lamprey. Ninefold Nine"fold` (?), a. Nine times repeated. Nineholes Nine"holes` (?), n. pl. A game in which nine holes are made in the ground, into which a ball is bowled. Nine-killer Nine"-kill`er (?), n. [So called because it is believed to kill and impale on thorns nine birds, etc., in succession.] (Zo\'94l.) The northern butcher bird. Ninepence Nine"pence (?), n.; pl. Ninepences (. 1. An old English silver coin, worth nine pence. 2. A New England name for the Spanish real, a coin formerly current in the United States, as valued at twelve and a half cents. Ninepins Nine"pins (?), n. pl. A game played with nine pins, or pieces of wood, set on end, at which a wooden ball is bowled to knock them down; bowling. NOTE: &hand; In the United States, ten pins are used for this game, which is therefore often called tenpins. Ninescore Nine"score` (?), a. Nine times twenty, or one hundred and eighty. -- n. The product of nine times twenty; ninescore units or objects. Nineteen Nine"teen` (?), a. [AS. nigont, nigont. See Nine, and Ten.] Nine and ten; eighteen and one more; one less than twenty; as, nineteen months. Nineteen Nine"teen`, n. 1. The number greater than eighteen by a unit; the sum of ten and nine; nineteen units or objects. 2. A symbol for nineteen units, as 19 or xix. Nineteenth Nine"teenth` (?), a. [Cf. AS. nigonte\'a2.] 1. Following the eighteenth and preceding the twentieth; coming after eighteen others. 2. Constituting or being one of nineteen equal parts into which anything is divided. Nineteenth Nine"teenth`, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by nineteen; one of nineteen equal parts of anything. 2. The next in order after the eighteenth. 3. (Mus.) An interval of two octaves and a fifth. Ninetieth Nine"ti*eth (?), a. 1. Next in order after the eighty-ninth. 2. Constituting or being one of ninety equal parts. Ninetieth Nine"ti*eth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by ninety; one of ninety equal parts of anything. 2. The next in order after the eighty-ninth. Ninety Nine"ty (?), a. [See Nine, and cf. Forty.] Nine times ten; eighty-nine and one more; as, ninety men. Ninety Nine"ty, n.; pl. Nineties (. 1. The sum of nine times ten; the number greater by a unit than eighty-nine; ninety units or objects. 2. A symbol representing ninety units, as 90 or xc. Ninny Nin"ny (?), n.; pl. Ninnies (#). [Cf. It. ninno, ninna, a baby, Sp. ni\'a4o, ni\'a4a, child, infant, It. ninna, ninna nanna, lullably, prob. fr. ni, na, as used in singing a child to sleep.] A fool; a simpleton. Shak. Ninnyhammer Nin"ny*ham`mer (?), n. A simpleton; a silly person. [Colloq.] Addison. Ninth Ninth (?), a. [From Nine; cf. AS. nigo&edh;a.] 1. Following the eight and preceding the tenth; coming after eight others. 2. Constituting or being one of nine equal parts into which anything is divided. Ninth Ninth, n. 1. The quotient of one divided by nine; one of nine equal parts of a thing; the next after the eighth. 2. (Mus.) (a) An interval containing an octave and a second. (b) A chord of the dominant seventh with the ninth added. Ninthly Ninth"ly, adv. In the ninth place. Ninut Nin"ut (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The magpie. [Prov. Eng.] Niobate Ni"o*bate (?), n. [See Niobium.] (Chem.) Same as Columbate. Niobe Ni"o*be (?), n. [L. Nioba, Niobe, gr. (Class, Myth.) The daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. Her pride in her children provoked Apollo and Diana, who slew them all. Niobe herself was changed by the gods into stone. Niobic Ni*ob"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Same as Columbic. Niobite Ni"o*bite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Columbite. Niobium Ni*o"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. & E. Niobe.] (Chem.) A later name of columbium. See Columbium. Niopo Ni*o"po (?), n. A kind of snuff prepared by the natives of Venezuela from the roasted seeds of a leguminous tree (Piptadenia peregrina), thence called niopo tree. Nip Nip (?), n. [LG. & D. nippen to sip; akin to Dan. nippe, G. nippen.] A sip or small draught; esp., a draught of intoxicating liquor; a dram. Nip Nip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nipped (?), less properly Nipt; p. pr. & vb. n. Nipping (?).] [OE. nipen; cf. D. niipen to pinch, also knippen to nip, clip, pinch, snap, knijpen to pinch, LG. knipen, G. kneipen, kneifen, to pinch, cut off, nip, Lith. knebti.] 1. To catch and inclose or compress tightly between two surfaces, or points which are brought together or closed; to pinch; to close in upon. May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell, Down, down, and close again, and nip me flat, If I be such a traitress. Tennyson. 2. To remove by pinching, biting, or cutting with two meeting edges of anything; to clip. The small shoots ... must be nipped off. Mortimer. 3. Hence: To blast, as by frost; to check the growth or vigor of; to destroy. 4. To vex or pain, as by nipping; hence, to taunt. And sharp remorse his heart did prick and nip. Spenser. To nip in the bud, to cut off at the verycommencement of growth; to kill in the incipient stage. Nip Nip, n. 1. A seizing or closing in upon; a pinching; as, in the northern seas, the nip of masses of ice. 2. A pinch with the nails or teeth. 3. A small cut, or a cutting off the end. 4. A blast; a killing of the ends of plants by frost. 5. A biting sarcasm; a taunt. Latimer. 6. (Naut.) A short turn in a rope. Nip and tuck, a phrase signifying equality in a contest. [Low, U.S.] Nipper Nip"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, nips. 2. A fore tooth of a horse. The nippers are four in number. 3. A satirist. [Obs.] Ascham. 4. A pickpocket; a young or petty thief. [Old Cant] 5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cunner. (b) A European crab (Polybius Henslowii). Nipperkin Nip"per*kin, n. [See 1st Nip.] A small cup. [Obs.] Nippers Nip"pers (?), n. pl. [From 2d Nip.] 1. Small pinchers for holding, breaking, or cutting. 2. (Mach.) A device with fingers or jaws for seizing an object and holding or conveying it; as, in a printing press, a clasp for catching a sheet and conveying it to the form. 3. (Naut.) A number of rope-yarns wound together, used to secure a cable to the messenger. Nipping Nip"ping (?), a. Biting; pinching; painful; destructive; as, a nipping frost; a nipping wind. Nippingly Nip"ping*ly, adv. In a nipping manner. Nippitate Nip"pi*tate (?), a. [Cf. 1st Nip.] Peculiary strong and good; -- said of ale or liquor. [Old Cant] 'T will make a cup of wine taste nippitate. Chapman. Nippitato Nip`pi*ta"to (?), n. Strong liquor. [Old Cant] Beau. & Fl. Nipple Nip"ple (?), n. [Formerly neble, a dim. of neb. See Neb, Nib.] 1. (Anat.) The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the breast or mamma; the mammilla; a teat; a pap. 2. The orifice at which any animal liquid, as the oil from an oil bag, is discharged. [R.] Derham. 3. Any small projection or article in which there is an orifice for discharging a fluid, or for other purposes; as, the nipple of a nursing bottle; the nipple of a percussion lock, or that part on which the cap is put and through which the fire passes to the charge. 4. (Mech.) A pipe fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided with a screw thread at each end, for connecting two other fittings. Solder nipple, a short pipe, usually of brass, one end of which is tapered and adapted for attachment to the end of a lead pipe by soldering. _________________________________________________________________ Page 977 Nipplewort Nip"ple*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A yellow-flowered composite herb (Lampsana communis), formerly used as an external application to the nipples of women; -- called also dock-cress. Nirvana Nir*va"na (?), n. [Skr. nirv\'be&nsdot;a.] In the Buddhist system of religion, the final emancipation of the soul from transmigration, and consequently a beatific enfrachisement from the evils of wordly existence, as by annihilation or absorption into the divine. See Buddhism. Nis Nis (?). [From ne is.] Is not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nisan Ni"san (?), n. [Heb. n\'c6s\'ben.] The first month of the jewish ecclesiastical year, formerly answering nearly to the month of April, now to March, of the Christian calendar. See Abib. Nisey Ni"sey (?), n.; pl. Nyseys. A simpleton. [Obs.] Nisi Ni"si (?), conj. [L.] Unless; if not.<-- Law --> NOTE: &hand; In le gal pr oceedings, this word is used to indicate that any order, etc., shall take effect at a given time, unless before that time the order, etc., in modified, or something else is done to prevent its taking effect. Continuance nisi is a conditional continuance of the case till the next term of the court, unless otherwise disposed of in the mean time. Nisi prius (Law), unless before; -- a phrase applied to terms of court, held generally by a single judge, with a jury, for the trial of civil causes. The term originated in a legal fiction. An issue of fact being made up, it is, according to the English practice, appointed by the entry on the record, or written proceedings, to be tried by a jury from the county of which the proceedings are dated, at Westminster, unless before the day appointed (nisi prius) the judges shall have come to the county in question (which they always do) and there try the cause. See In banc, under Banc. Niste Nis"te (?). [Contr. from ne wiste.] Wist not; knew not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nisus Ni"sus (?), n. [L., fr. niti, p.p. nisus, to strive.] A striving; an effort; a conatus. A nisus or energizing towards a presented object. Hickok. Nit Nit (?), n. [AS. hnitu; akin to D. neet, G. niss, OHG. niz; cf. gr. gnit, Sw. gnet, Dan. gnid, Russ. & Pol. gnida, Bohem. hnida, W. nedd.] (Zo\'94l.) The egg of a louse or other small insect. Nit grass (Bot.), a pretty annual European grass (Gastridium lendigerum), with small spikelets somewhat resembling a nit. It is also found in California and Chili. Nitency Ni"ten*cy (?), n. [L. nitens, p.pr. of nitere to shine.] Brightness; luster. [R.] Nitency Ni"ten*cy, n. [From :. nitens, p.pr. pf niti to strive.] Endeavor; rffort; tendency. [R.] Boyle. Niter, Nitre Ni"ter, Ni"tre (?), n. [F. nitre, L. nitrum native soda, natron, Gr. nit, natr natron. Cf. Natron.] 1. (Chem.) A white crystalline semitransparent salt; potassium nitrate; saltpeter. See Saltpeter. 2. (Chem.) Native sodium carbonate; natron. [Obs.] For though thou wash thee with niter, and take thee much soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me. Jer. ii. 22. Cubic niter, a deliquescent salt, sodium nitrate, found as a native incrustation, like niter, in Peru and Chili, whence it is known also as Chili saltpeter. -- Niter bush (Bot.), a genus (Nitraria) of thorny shrubs bearing edible berries, and growing in the saline plains of Asia and Northern Africa. Nithing Nith"ing (?), n. [Obs.] See Niding. Nitid Nit"id (?), a. [L. nitidus, fr. nitere. See 3d Neat.] 1. Bright; lustrous; shining. [R.] Boyle. 2. Gay; spruce; fine; -- said of persons. [R.] T. Reeve. Nitranilic Ni`tra*nil"ic (?), a. [Nitro- + chloranil + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid produced as a white crystalline substance by the action of nitrous acid on hydroquinone. Nitraniline Ni*tran"i*line (? OR ?), n. [Nitro- + aniline.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of aniline. In general they are yellow crystalline substances. Nitrate Ni"trate (?), n. [Cf. F. nitrate.] (Chem.) A salt of nitric acid. Nitrate of silver, a white crystalline salt (AgNO3), used in photography and as a cauterizing agent; -- called also lunar caustic.<-- usu. called silver nitrate --> Nitrated Ni"tra*ted (?), a. 1. (Chem.) Combined, or impregnated, with nitric acid, or some of its compounds. 2. (Photog.) Prepared with nitrate of silver. Nitratine Ni"tra*tine (?), n. (Min.) A mineral occurring in transparent crystals, usually of a white, sometimes of a reddish gray, or lemon-yellow, color; native sodium nitrate. It is used in making nitric acid and for manure. Called also soda niter. Nitre Ni"tre (?), n. (Chem.) See Niter. Nitriary Ni"tri*a*ry (?), n. [See Niter.] An artificial bed of animal matter for the manufacture of niter by nitrification. See Nitrification, 2. Nitric Ni"tric (?), a. [Cf. F. nitrique. See Niter.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen; specifically, designating any one of those compounds in which, as contrasted with nitrous compounds, the element has a higher valence; as, nitric oxide; nitric acid. Nitric acid, a colorless or yellowish liquid obtained by distilling a nitrate with sulphuric acid. It is powerfully corrosive, being a strong acid, and in decomposition a strong oxidizer. -- Nitric anhydride, a white crystalline oxide of nitrogen (N2O5), called nitric pentoxide, and regarded as the anhydride of nitric acid. -- Nitric oxide, a colorless poisous gas (NO) obtained by treating nitric acid with copper. On contact with the air or with oxygen, it becomes reddish brown from the formation of nitric dioxide or peroxide.<-- nitric dioxide (nitrogen dioxide) is not defined! = NO2--> Nitride Ni"tride (? OR ?), n. [fromNitrogen.] (Chem.) A binary compound of nitrogen with a more metallic element or radical; as, boric nitride. Nitriferous Ni*trif"er*ous (?), a. [Niter + -ferous.] Bearing niter; yielding, or containing, niter. Nitrification Ni`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. nitrification. see Nitrify.] 1. (Chem.) (a) The act, process, or result of combining with nitrogen or some of its compounds. (b) The act or process of oxidizing nitrogen or its compounds so as to form nitrous or nitric acid. 2. A process of oxidation, in which nitrogenous vegetable and animal matter in the presence of air, moisture, and some basic substances, as lime or alkali carbonate, is converted into nitrates. NOTE: &hand; Th e pr ocess is going on at all times in porous soils and in water contaminated with nitrogenous matter, and is supposed to be due to the presence of an organized ferment or ferments, called nitrification ferments. In former times the process was extensively made use of in the production of saltpeter. Nitrifier Ni"tri*fi`er (?), n. (Chem.) An agent employed in nitrification. Nitrify Ni"tri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nitrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrifying (?).] [Niter + -fy: cf. F. nitrifer. See Niter.] (Chem.) To combine or impregnate with nitrogen; to convert, by oxidation, into nitrous or nitric acid; to subject to, or produce by, nitrification. Nitrile Ni"trile (? OR ?), n. [See Nitro-.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the nitrogen as ammonia. NOTE: &hand; Th e ni triles ar e na med with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition, thus, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile. <-- usu. acetonitrile --> Nitrite Ni"trite (?), n. [Cf. F. nitrite. See Niter.] (Chem.) A salt of nitrous acid. Amyl nitrite, a yellow oily volatile liquid, used in medicine as a depressant and a vaso-dilator. Its inhalation produces an instantaneous flushing of the face. Nitro- Ni"tro- (. 1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of niter. 2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively) designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids, as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene. Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl. Nitrobenzene Ni`tro*ben"zene (? OR ?), n. [Nitro- + benzene.] (Chem.) A yellow aromatic liquid (C6H5.NO2), produced by the action of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor imitation oil of bitter almonds, or essence of mirbane. It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly called also nitrobenzol. Nitrobenzol, Nitrobenzole Ni`tro*ben"zol, Ni`tro*ben"zole, (, n. See Nitrobenzene. Nitrocalcite Ni`tro*cal"cite (?), n. [Nitro- + calcite.] (Min.) Nitrate of calcium, a substance having a grayish white color, occuring in efforescences on old walls, and in limestone caves, especially where there exists decaying animal matter. Nitrocarbol Ni`tro*car"bol (?), n. [Nitro- + carbon + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) See Nitromethane. Nitrocellulose Ni`tro*cel"lu*lose` (?), n. [Nitro- + cellulose.] (Chem.) See Gun cotton, under Gun. Nitro-chloroform Ni`tro-chlo"ro*form (?), n. [Nitro- + chloroform.] (Chem.) Same as Chlorpicrin. Nitroform Ni"tro*form (?), n. [Nitro- + formyl.] (Chem.) A nitro derivative of methane, analogous to chloroform, obtained as a colorless oily or crystalline substance, CH.(NO2)3, quite explosive, and having well-defined acid properties. Nitrogelatin Ni`tro*gel"a*tin (?), n. [Nitro- + gelatin.] An explosive consisting of gun cotton and camphor dissolved in nitroglycerin. [Written also nitrogelatine.] Nitrogen Ni`tro*gen (?), n. [L. nitrum natron + -gen: cf. F. nitrog\'8ane. See Niter.] (Chem.) A colorless nonmetallic element, tasteless and odorless, comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by volume. It is chemically very inert in the free state, and as such is incapable of supporting life (hence the name azote still used by French chemists); but it forms many important compounds, as ammonia, nitric acid, the cyanides, etc, and is a constituent of all organized living tissues, animal or vegetable. Symbol N. Atomic weight 14. It was formerly regarded as a permanent noncondensible gas, but was liquefied in 1877 by Cailletet of Paris, and Pictet of Geneva. Nitrogenize Ni"tro*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nitrogenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrogenizing.] (Chem.) To combine, or impregnate, with nitrogen or its compounds. Nitrogenous Ni*trog"e*nous (?), a. (Chem.) of, pertaining to, or resembling, nitrogen; as, a nitrogenous principle; nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogenous foods. See 2d Note under Food, n., 1. Nitroglycerin Ni`tro*glyc"er*in (?), n. [Nitro- + glycerinn.] (Chem.) A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish, and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of nitric acid, and hence more properly called glycerin nitrate. It is made by the action of nitric acid on glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid. It is extremely unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute solution is used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of glonion. [Written also nitroglycerine.] NOTE: &hand; A gr eat nu mber of ex plosive co mpounds ha ve been produced by mixing nitroglycerin with different substances; as, dynamite, or giant powder, nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth; lithofracteur, nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with sawdust and nitrate of sodium or barium; Colonia powder, gunpowder with nitroglycerin; dualin, nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate of potassium and some other substances; lignose, wood fiber and nitroglycerin. Nitrohydrochloric Ni`tro*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [Nitro- + hydrochloric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitric and hydrochloric acids. Nitrohydrochloric acid, a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, usually in the proportion of one part of the former to three of the latter, and remarkable for its solvent action on gold and platinum; -- called also nitromuriatic acid, and aqua regia. Nitrol Ni"trol (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of hydrocarbons containing the nitro and the nitroso or isonitroso group united to the same carbon atom. Nitroleum Ni*tro"le*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. nitrum natron + oleum oil.] (Chem.) Nitroglycerin. Nitrolic Ni*trol"ic (?), a. (Chem.) of, derived from, or designating, a nitrol; as, a nitrolic acid. Nitromagnesite Ni`tro*mag"ne*site (?), n. [Nitro- + magnesite.] (Chem.) Nitrate of magnesium, a saline efflorescence closely resembling nitrate of calcium. Nitrometer Ni*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Nitro- + -meter: cf. F. nitrom\'8atre.] (Chem.) An apparatus for determining the amount of nitrogen or some of its compounds in any substance subjected to analysis; an azotometer. Nitromethane Ni`tro*meth"ane (?), n. [Nitro- + methane.] (Chem.) A nitro derivative of methane obtained as a mobile liquid; -- called also nitrocarbol. Nitromuriatic Ni`tro*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. nitromuriatique. See Nitro-, and Muriatic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or composed of, nitric acid and muriatic acid; nitrohydrochloric. See Nitrohydrochloric. Nitrophnol Ni`tro*ph"nol (?), n. [Nitro- + phenol.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of phenol. They are yellow oily or crystalline substances and have well-defined acid properties, as picric acid. Nitroprussic Ni`tro*prus"sic (? OR , a. [Nitro- + prussic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a complex acid called nitroprussic acid, obtained indirectly by the action of nitric acid on potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate), as a red crystalline unstable substance. It forms salts called nitroprussides, which give a rich purple color with alkaline subphides. Nitroprusside Ni`tro*prus"side (?), n. See Nitroprussic. Nitroquinol Ni`tro*qui"nol (?), n. [Nitro- + quine + -ol.] (Chem.) A hypothetical nitro derivative of quinol or hydroquinone, not known in the free state, but forming a well defined series of derivatives. Niteosaccharin Ni`teo*sac"cha*rin (?), n. [Nitro- + saccharin.] (Chem.) An explosive nitro derivative of certain sugars, analogous to nitroglycerin, gun cotton, etc. Nitrosalicylic Ni`tro*sal`i*cyl"ic (?), a. [Nitro- + salicylic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitro derivative of salicylic acid, called also anilic acid. Nitrose Ni*trose" (?), a. (Chem.) See Nitrous. Nitroso- Ni*tro"so- (. (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) designating the group or radical NO, called the nitroso group, or its compounds. Nitrosyl Ni*tro"syl (?), n. [Nitroso- + -yl.] (Chem.) the radical NO, called also the nitroso group. The term is sometimes loosely used to designate certain nitro compounds; as, nitrosyl sulphuric acid. Used also adjectively. Nitrosylic Ni`tro*syl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrosyl; as, nitrosylic acid. Nitrous Ni"trous (?), a. [L. nitrosus full of natron: cf. F. nitreux. See Niter.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, niter; of the quality of niter, or resembling it. 2. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of those compounds in which nitrogen has a relatively lower valence as contrasted with nitric compounds. Nitrous acid (Chem.), a hypothetical acid of nitrogen HNO2, not known in the free state, but forming a well known series of salts, viz., the nitrites. -- Nitrous oxide. See Laughing gas. Nitroxyl Ni*trox"yl (?), n. [Nitro- + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The group NO2, usually called the nitro group. Nitrum Ni"trum (?), n. [L., natron. See Niter.] (Old Chem.) Niter. Nitrum flammans [L., flaming niter] (Old Chem.), ammonium nitrate; -- probably so called because it deflagerates when suddenly heated. Nitry Ni"try (?), a. (Chem.) Nitrous. [Obs.] Nitryl Ni"tryl (?), n. [Nitro- + -yl.] (Chem.) A name sometimes given to the nitro group or radical. Nitter Nit"ter (?), n. [From Nit.] (Zo\'94l.) The horselouse; an insect that deposits nits on horses. Nittily Nit"ti*ly (?), adv. Lousily. [Obs.] Haywar Nittings Nit"tings (?), n. pl. [Prob. from Nit.] (Mining) The refuse of good ore. Raymond. Nitty Nit"ty (?), a. Full of nits. B. Jonson. Nitty Nit"ty, a. [L. nitidus. See Nitid.] Shining; elegant; spruce. [Obs.] "O sweet, nitty youth." Marston. Nival Ni"val (?), a. [L. nivalis, fr. nix, nivis, snow.] Abounding with snow; snowy. [Obs.] Johnson. Niveous Niv"e*ous (?), a. [L. niveus, fr. nix, nivis, snow.] Snowy; resembling snow; partaking of the qualities of snow. Sir T. Browne. Nivose Ni`vose" (?), n. [F., fr. L. nix. nivis, snow.] The fourth month of the French republican calendar [1792-1806]. It commenced December 21, and ended January 19. See Vend\'90miaire. Nix Nix (?), n.; fem. Nixe (. [G. Cf. 1st Nick.] (Teut. Myth.) One of a class of water spirits, commonly described as of a mischievous disposition. The treacherous nixes who entice men to a watery death. Tylor. Nixie Nix"ie (?), n. See Nix. Nizam Ni*zam" (?), n. [Hind. & Ar. niz\'bem order, a ruler, fr. Ar. nazama arrange, govern.] The title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad, in India, since 1719. No No (?), a. [OE. no, non, the same word as E. none; cf. E. a, an. See None.] Not any; not one; none. Let there be no strife ... between me and thee. Gen. xiii. 8. That goodness is no name, and happiness no dream. Byron. NOTE: &hand; In Old England before a vowel the form non or noon was used. "No man." "Noon apothercary." Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 978 No No, adv. [OE. no, na, AS. n\'be; ne not + \'be ever. AS. ne is akin to OHG. ni, Goth. ni, Russ. ne, Ir., Gael. & W. ni, L. ne, gr. nh (in comp.), Skr. na, and also to E. prefix un-. &root; 193. See Aye, and cf. Nay, Not, Nice, Nefarious.] Nay; not; not at all; not in any respect or degree; -- a word expressing negation, denial, or refusal. Before or after another negative, no is emphatic. We do no otherwise than we are willed. Shak. I am perplx'd and doubtful whether or no I dare accept this your congratulation. Coleridge. There is none righteous, no, not one. Rom. iii. 10. No! Nay, Heaven forbid. Coleridge. No No (?), n.; pl. Noes (. 1. A refusal by use of the wordd no; a denial. 2. A negative vote; one who votes in the negative; as, to call for the ayes and noes; the noes have it. Noachian No*a"chi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the patriarch Noah, or to his time. Noah No"ah (?), n. [Heb. N&omac;akh rest.] A patriarch of Biblical history, in the time of the Deluge. Noah's ark. (a) (Zo\'94l.) A marine bivalve shell (Arca No\'91), which somewhat resembles an ark, or ship, in form. (b) A child's toy, consisting of an ark-shaped box containing many different wooden animals. Nob Nob (?), n. [Cf. Knob.] The head. [Low] Nob Nob, n. [Abbrev. fr. noble.] A person in a superior position in life; a nobleman. [Slang] Nobbily Nob"bi*ly (?), adv. In a nobby manner. [Slang] Nobbler Nob"bler (?), n. A dram of spirits. [Australia] Nobby Nob"by (?), a. [From 2d Nob.] Stylish; modish; elegant; showy; aristocratic; fashionable. [Slang] Nobiliary No*bil"ia*ry (?), a. [F. nobiliare. See Noble.] Of or pertaining to the nobility. Fitzed. Hall. Nobiliary No*bil"ia*ry, n. A history of noble families. Nobilify No*bil"i*fy (?), v. t. [L. nobilis noble + -fy.] To make noble; to nobiliate. [Obs.] Nobilitate No*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. nobilitatus, p.p. of nobilitare.] To make noble; to ennoble; to exalt. [Obs.] Nobilitation No*bil`i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. nobilitation.] The act of making noble. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Nobility No*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. nobilitas: cf. OF. nobilit\'82. See Noble.] 1. The quality or state of being noble; superiority of mind or of character; commanding excellence; eminence. Though she hated Amphialus, yet the nobility of her courage prevailed over it. Sir P. Sidney. They thought it great their sovereign to control, And named their pride nobility of soul. Dryden. 2. The state of being of high rank or noble birth; patrician dignity; antiquity of family; distinction by rank, station, or title, whether inherited or conferred. I fell on the same argument of preferring virtue to nobility of blood and titles, in the story of Sigismunda. Dryden. 3. Those who are noble; the collictive body of nobles or titled persons in a stste; the aristocratic and patrician class; the peerage; as, the English nobility. Noble No"ble (?), a. [Compar. Nobler (?); superl. Noblest (?).] [F. noble, fr. L. nobilis that can be or is known, well known, famous, highborn, noble, fr.noscere to know. See know.] 1. Possessing eminence, elevation, dignity, etc.; above whatever is low, mean, degrading, or dishonorable; magnanimous; as, a noble nature or action; a noble heart. Statues, with winding ivy crowned, belong To nobler poets for a nobler song. Dryden. 2. Grand; stately; magnificent; splendid; as, a noble edifice. 3. Of exalted rank; of or pertaining to the nobility; distinguished from the masses by birth, station, or title; highborn; as, noble blood; a noble personage. NOTE: &hand; No ble is us ed in th e formation of self-explaining compounds; as, noble-born, noble-hearted, noble-minded. Noble metals (Chem.), silver, gold, and platinum; -- so called from their freedom from oxidation and permanence in air. Copper, mercury, aluminium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium are sometimes included. Syn. -- Honorable; worthy; dignified; elevated; exalted; superior; sublime; great; eminent; illustrious; renowned; stately; splendid; magnificent; grand; magnanimous; generous; liberal; free. Noble No"ble, n. 1. A person of rank above a commoner; a nobleman; a peer. 2. An English money of account, and, formerly, a gold coin, of the value of 6 s. 8 d. sterling, or about $1.61. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A European fish; the lyrie. Noble No"ble, v. t. To make noble; to ennoble. [Obs.] Thou nobledest so far forth our nature. Chaucer. Nobleman No"ble*man (?), n.; pl. Noblemen (. One of the nobility; a noble; a peer; one who enjoys rank above a commoner, either by virtue of birth, by office, or by patent. Noble-minded No"ble-mind`ed (?), a. Having a noble mind; honorable; magnanimous. -- No"ble-mind`ed*ness, n. Nobleness No"ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being noble; greatness; dignity; magnanimity; elevation of mind, character, or station; nobility; grandeur; stateliness. His purposes are full honesty, nobleness, and integrity. Jer. Taylor. Nobless, Noblesse No*bless", No*blesse" (?; 277), n. [F. noblesse. See Noble.] 1. Dignity; greatness; noble birth or condition. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. B. Jonson. 2. The nobility; persons of noble rank collectively, including males and females. Dryden. Noblewoman No"ble*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Noblewomen (. A female of noble rank; a peeress. Nobley No"bley (?), n. [OF. nobleie.] 1. The body of nobles; the nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Noble birth; nobility; dignity. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nobly No"bly (?), adv. 1. Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended. 2. In a noble manner; with greatness of soul; heroically; with magnanimity; as, a deed nobly done. 3. Splendidly; magnificently. Syn. -- Illustriously; honorably; magnanimously; heroically; worthly; eminently; grandly. Nobody No"bod*y (?), n.; pl. Nobodies (#). [No, a. + body.] 1. No person; no one; not anybody. 2. Hence: A person of no influence or importance; an insignificant or contemptible person. [Colloq.] Nocake No"cake (?), n. [Corrupted fr. Indian nookhik meal. Palfrey.] Indian corn parched, and beaten to powder, -- used for food by the Northern American Indians. Nocent No"cent (?), a. [L. nocens, p.pr. of nocere to hurt. See Nuisance, Noxious.] 1. Doing hurt, or having a tendency to hurt; hurtful; mischievous; noxious; as, nocent qualities. I. Watts. 2. Guilty; -- the opposite of innocent. [Obs.] Foxe. Nocent No"cent, n. A criminal. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Nocently No"cent*ly, adv. Hurtfully; injuriosly. [R.] Nocive No"cive (?), a. [L. nocivus, fr. nocere to hurt.] Hurtful; injurious. [R.] Hooker. Nock Nock (?), n. [See Notch.] 1. A notch. He took his arrow by the nock. Chapman. 2. (Naut.) The upper fore corner of a boom sail or of a trysail. Nock Nock, v. t. To notch; to fit to the string, as an arrow; to string, as a bow. Chapman. Noctambulation Noc*tam`bu*la"tion (?), n. [L. nox, noctis, night + ambulare to walk: cf. F. noctambulation.] Somnambulism; walking in sleep. Quain. Noctambulism Noc*tam"bu*lism (?), n. Somnambulism. Noctambulist Noc*tam"bu*list (?), n. A somnambulist. Noctambulo Noc*tam"bu*lo (?), n. A noctambulist. [Obs.] Noctidial Noc*tid"i*al (?), a. [L. nox, noctos, night + dies day.] Comprising a night and a day; a noctidial day. [R.] Holder. Noctiferous Noc*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. noctifer; nox, noctis + ferre to bring.] Bringing night. [Obs.] Johnson. Noctilionid Noc*til"i*o*nid (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American bat of the genus Noctilio, having cheek pouches and large incisor teeth. Noctiluca Noc`ti*lu"ca (?), n.; pl. Noctiluc\'92 (#). [L. noctiluca something that shines by night, fr. nox, noctis, night + lucere to shine, lux light.] 1. (Old Chem.) That which shines at night; -- a fanciful name for phosphorus. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine flagellate Infusoria, remarkable for their unusually large size and complex structure, as well as for their phosphorescence. The brilliant diffuse phosphorescence of the sea is often due to myriads of Noctiluc\'91. Noctilucin Noc*ti*lu"cin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fatlike substance in certain marine animals, to which they owe their phosphorescent properties. Noctilucine Noc`ti*lu"cine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Noctiluca. Noctilucous Noc`ti*lu"cous (?), a. Shining in the night. Noctivagant Noc*tiv"a*gant (?), a. [L. nox, noctis, night + vagans, p.pr. of vagari to wander about.] (Zo\'94l.) Going about in the night; night-wandering. Noctivagation Noc*tiv`a*ga"tion (?), n. A roving or going about in the night. Gayton. Noctivagous Noc*tiv"a*gous (?), a. [L. noctivagus; nox, noctis + vagus wandering.] Noctivagant. Noctograph Noc"to*graph (?), n. [L. nox, noctis, night + -graph.] 1. A kind of writing frame for the blind. 2. An instrument or register which records the presence of watchmen on their beats. Knight. Noctuary Noc"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [L. noctu by night.] A record of what passes in the night; a nightly journal; -- distinguished from diary. [R.] Addison. Noctuid Noc"tu*id (?), n. [From L. nox, noctis, night.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous moths of the family Noctuid\'91, or Noctu\'91lit\'91, as the cutworm moths, and armyworm moths; -- so called because they fly at night. -- a. Of or pertaining to the noctuids, or family Noctuid\'91. Noctule Noc"tule (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. noctua a night owl, fr. nox, noctis, night.] (Zo\'94l.) A large European bat (Vespertilio, OR Noctulina, altivolans). Nocturn Noc"turn (?), n. [F. nocturne, fr. L. nocturnus. See Nocturnal, and cf. Nocturne.] 1. An office of devotion, or act of religious service, by night. 2. One of the portions into which the Psalter was divided, each consisting of nine psalms, designed to be used at a night service. Hook. Nocturnal Noc*tur"nal (?), a. [L. nocturnalis, nocturnus, fr. nox, noctis, night. See Night, and cf. Nocturn.] 1. Of, pertaining to, done or occuring in, the night; as, nocturnal darkness, cries, expedition, etc.; -- opposed to diurnal. Dryden. 2. Having a habit of seeking food or moving about at night; as, nocturnal birds and insects. Nocturnal Noc*tur"nal, n. An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the stars, etc., at sea. I. Watts. Nocturnally Noc*tur"nal*ly, adv. By night; nightly. Nocturne Noc*turne" (?), n. [F. See Nocturn.] (Mus.) A night piece, or serenade. The name is now used for a certain graceful and expressive form of instrumental composition, as the nocturne for orchestra in Mendelsohn's "Midsummer-Night's Dream" music. Nocument Noc"u*ment (?), n. [LL. nocumentum, fr. L. nocere to hurt.] Harm; injury; detriment. [Obs.] Nocuous Noc"u*ous (?), a. [L. nocuus, fr. nocere to hurt.] Hurtful; noxious. [R.] -- Noc"u*ous*ly, adv. [R.] Nod Nod (?), v. i. [OE. nodden; cf. OHG. kn, genuot, to shake, and E. nudge.] 1. To bend or incline the upper part, with a quick motion; as, nodding plumes. 2. To incline the head with a quick motion; to make a slight bow; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness, with the head; as, to nod at one. 3. To be drowsy or dull; to be careless. Nor is it Homer nods, but we that dream. Pope. Nod Nod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nodding.] 1. To incline or bend, as the head or top; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with; as, to nod the head. 2. To signify by a nod; as, to nod approbation. 3. To cause to bend. [Poetic] By every wind that nods the mountain pine. Keats. Nod Nod (?), n. 1. A dropping or bending forward of the upper oart or top of anything. Like a drunken sailor on a mast, Ready with every nod to tumble down. Shak. 2. A quick or slight downward or forward motion of the head, in assent, in familiar salutation, in drowsiness, or in giving a signal, or a command. A look or a nod only ought to correct them [the children] when they do amiss. Locke. Nations obey my word and wait my nod. Prior. The land of Nod, sleep. Nodal Nod"al (?), a. Of the nature of, or relating to, a node; as, a nodal point. Nodal line, Nodal point, in a vibrating plate or cord, that line or point which remains at rest while the other parts of the body are in a state of vibration. Nodated No"da*ted (?), a. [L. nodatus, p.p. of nodare to make knotty, fr. nodus knot. See Node.] Knotted. Nodated hyperbola (Geom.), a certain curve of the third order having two branches which cross each other, forming a node. Nodation No*da"tion (?), n. [L. nodatio knottiness.] Act of making a knot, or state of being knotted. [R.] Nodder Nod"der (?), n. One who nods; a drowsy person. Nodding Nod"ding (?), a. Curved so that the apex hangs down; having the top bent downward. Noddle Nod"dle (?), n. [OE. nodil, nodle; perh. fr. nod, because the head is the nodding part of the body, or perh. akin to E. knot; cf. Prov. E. nod the nape of the neck.] 1. The head; -- used jocosely or contemptuously.<-- now usu. noodle (not in W1913) or noggin --> Come, master, I have a project in my noddle. L'Estrange. 2. The back part of the head or neck. [Obs.] For occasion ... turneth a bald noddle, after she hath presented her locks in front, and no hold taken. Bacon. Noddy Nod"dy (?), n.; pl. Noddies (#). [Prob. fr. nod to incline the head, either as in assent, or from drowsiness.] 1. A simpleton; a fool. L'Estrange. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any tern of the genus Anous, as A. stolidus. (b) The arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). Sometimes also applied to other sea birds. 3. An old game at cards. Halliwell. 4. A small two-wheeled one-horse vehicle. 5. An inverted pendulum consisting of a short vertical flat spring which supports a rod having a bob at the top; -- used for detecting and measuring slight horizontal vibrations of a body to which it is attached. Node Node (?), n. [L. nodus; perh. akin to E. knot. Cf. Noose, Nowed.] 1. A knot, a knob; a protuberance; a swelling. 2. Specifically: (a) (Astron.) One of the two points where the orbit of a planet, or comet, intersects the ecliptic, or the orbit of a satellite intersects the plane of the orbit of its primary. (b) (Bot.) The joint of a stem, or the part where a leaf or several leaves are inserted. (c) (Dialing) A hole in the gnomon of a dial, through which passes the ray of light which marks the hour of the day, the parallels of the sun's declination, his place in the ecliptic, etc. (d) (Geom.) The point at which a curve crosses itself, being a double point of the curve. See Crunode, and Acnode. (e) (Mech.) The point at which the lines of a funicular machine meet from different angular directions; -- called also knot. W. R. Johnson. (f) (poet.) The knot, intrigue, or plot of a piece. (g) (Med.) A hard concretion or incrustation which forms upon bones attacked with rheumatism, gout, or syphilis; sometimes also, a swelling in the neighborhood of a joint. Dunglison. (h) (Mus) One of the fixed points of a sonorous string, when it vibrates by aliquot parts, and produces the harmonic tones; nodal line or point. (i) (Zo\'94l.) A swelling. Ascending node (Astron.), the node at which the body is passing northerly, marked with the symbol &astascending;, called the Dragon's head. Called also northern node. -- Descending node, the node at which the body is moving southwardly, marked thus &astdescending;, called Dragon's tail. -- Line of nodes, a straight line joining the two nodes of an orbit. Nodical Nod"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the nodes; from a node to the same node again; as, the nodical revolutions of the moon. Nodical month. See Lunar month, under Month. Nodosarine No`do*sa"rine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling in form or structure a foraminiferous shell of the genus Nodosaria. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) A foraminifer of the genus Nodosaria or of an allied genus. Nodose No*dose" (?), a. [L. nodosus, fr. nodus knot.] 1. Knotty; having numerous or conspicuous nodes. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having nodes or prominences; having the alternate joints enlarged, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects. Nodosity No*dos"i*ty (, n. [L. nodositas.] 1. The quality of being knotty or nodose; resemblance to a node or swelling; knottiness. Holland. 2. A knot; a node. Nodosous, Nodous No*do"sous (?), No"dous (?), a. Nodose; knotty; knotted. [Obs.] Nodular Nod"u*lar (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. nodulaire.] Of, pertaining to, or in the form of, a nodule or knot. Nodule Nod"ule (?), n. [L. nodulus, dim. of nodus knot: cf. F. nodule.] A rounded mass or irregular shape; a little knot or lump. _________________________________________________________________ Page 979 Noduled Nod"uled (?), a. Having little knots or lumps. Nodulose, Nodulous Nod"u*lose` (?), Nod"u*lous (?), a. (Biol.) Having small nodes or knots; diminutively nodose. Noel No"el (?), n. [F. no\'89l, L. natalis birthday, fr. natalis natal. See Natal.] Same as Nowel. Noematachograph No*e`ma*tach"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] An instrument for determining and registering the duration of more or less complex operations of the mind. Dunglison. Noematic, Noematical No`e*mat"ic (?), No`e*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Noetic.] Of or pertaining to the understanding. [Obs.] Cudworth. Noemics No*e"mics (?), n. [Gr. Noetic.] The science of the understanding; intellectual science. Noetian No*e"tian (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the followers of Noetus, who lived in the third century. He denied the distinct personality of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Noetic, Noetical No*et"ic (?), No*et"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the intellect; intellectual. I would employ the word noetic to express all those cognitions which originate in the mind itself. Sir W. Hamilton. Nof Nof (?). [Contr. fr. ne of.] Not of; nor of. [Obs.] Nog Nog (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. noggin.] 1. A noggin. 2. A kind of strong ale. Halliwell. Nog Nog, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. A wooden block, of the size of a brick, built into a wall, as a hold for the nails of woodwork. 2. One of the square logs of wood used in a pile to support the roof of a mine. 3. (Shipbuilding) A treenail to fasten the shores. Nog Nog, v. t. [From 2d Nog.] 1. To fill in, as between scantling, with brickwork. 2. (Shipbuilding) To fasten, as shores, with treenails. Noggen Nog"gen (?), a. [Prop., made of hemp, fr. Prov. E. nogs hemp.] Made of hemp; hence, hard; rough; harsh. [Obs.] Johnson. Noggin Nog"gin (?), n. [Ir. noigin, or Gael. noigean. Cf. lst Nog.] 1. A small mug or cup. 2. A measure equivalent to a gill. [Prov. Eng.] Nogging Nog"ging (?), n. [From Nog, v. t.] Rough brick masonry used to fill in the interstices of a wooden frame, in building. Noght Noght (?), adv. Not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Noiance Noi"ance (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. OE. anoiance.] [Written also noyance.] Annoyance. [Obs.] Tusser. Noie Noie (?), v. t. To annoy. See Noy. [Obs.] Noier Noi"er (?), n. An annoyer. [Obs.] Tusser. Noils Noils (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] Waste and knots of wool removed by the comb; combings. Noint Noint (?), v. t. To anoint. [Obs.] Sir T. North. Noious Noi"ous (?), a. Annoying; troublesome. [Obs.] Noise Noise (?), n. [F. noise noisy strife, quarrel, brawl, fr. L. nausea seasickness, sickness, disgust. See Nausea.] 1. Sound of any kind. The heavens turn about in a most rapid motion without noise to us perceived. Bacon. NOTE: &hand; No ise is either a sound of too short a duration to be determined, like the report of a cannon; or else it is a confused mixture of many discordant sounds, like the rolling of thunder or the noise of the waves. Nevertheless, the difference between sound and noise is by no means precise. Ganot. 2. Especially, loud, confused, or senseless sound; clamor; din. 3. Loud or continuous talk; general talk or discussion; rumor; report. "The noise goes." Shak. What noise have we had about transplantation of diseases and transfusion of blood! T. Baker. Soerates lived in Athens during the great plague which has made so much noise in all ages. Spectator. 4. Music, in general; a concert; also, a company of musicians; a band. [Obs.] Milton. The king has his noise of gypsies. B. Jonson. Syn. -- Cry; outcry; clamor; din; clatter; uproar. Noise Noise, v. i. To sound; to make a noise. Milton. Noise Noise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noised (?); p pr. & vb. n. Noising.] 1. To spread by rumor or report. All these sayings were noised abroad. Luke i. 65. 2. To disturb with noise. [Obs.] Dryden. Noiseful Noise"ful (?), a. Loud; clamorous. [Obs.] Dryden. Noiseless Noise"less, a. Making, or causing, no noise or bustle; without noise; silent; as, the noiseless foot of time. So noiseless would I live. Dryden. -- Noise"less*ly, adv. -- Noise"less*ness, n. Noisette Noi*sette" (?), n. (Bot.) A hybrid rose produced in 1817, by a French gardener, Noisette, of Charleston, South Carolina, from the China rose and the musk rose. It has given rise to many fine varieties, as the Lamarque, the Marechal (or Marshal) Niel, and the Cloth of gold. Most roses of this class have clustered flowers and are of vigorous growth. P. Henderson. Noisily Nois"i*ly (?), adv. In a noisy manner. Noisiness Nois"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being noisy. Noisome Noi"some (?), a. [For noysome, fr. noy for annoy. See Annoy.] 1. Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; as, noisome effluvia. "Noisome pestilence." Ps. xci. 3. 2. Offensive to the smell or other senses; disgusting; fetid. "Foul breath is noisome." Shak. -- Noi"some*ly, adv. -- Noi"some*ness, n. Syn. -- Noxious; unwholesome; insalubrious; mischievous; destructive. -- Noisome, Noxious. These words have to a great extent been interchanged; but there is a tendency to make a distinction between them, applying noxious to things that inflict evil directly; as, a noxious plant, noxious practices, etc., and noisome to things that operate with a remoter influence; as, noisome vapors, a noisome pestilence, etc. Noisome has the additional sense of disqusting. A garden may be free from noxious weeds or animals; but, if recently covered with manure, it may be filled with a noisome smell. Noisy Nois"y (?), a. [Compar. Noisier (?); superl. Noisiest.] [From Noise.] 1. Making a noise, esp. a loud sound; clamorous; vociferous; turbulent; boisterous; as, the noisy crowd. 2. Full of noise. "The noisy town." Dryden. Nolde Nol"de (?). [Contr. fr. ne wolde.] Would not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nole Nole (?), n. [See Noll.] The head. [Obs.] Shak. Noli-me-tangere No"li-me-tan"ge*re (?), n. [L., touch me not.] 1. (Bot.) (a) Any plant of a genus of herbs (Impatiens) having capsules which, if touched when ripe, discharge their seeds. -- See Impatiens. (b) The squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber. 2. (Med.) A name formerly applied to several varieties of ulcerous cutaneous diseases, but now restricted to Lupus exedens, an ulcerative affection of the nose. Nolition No*li"tion (?), n. [L. nolle not to will, to be unwilling; ne + velle to will, to be willing.] Adverse action of will; unwillingness; -- opposed to volition. A nolition and a direct enmity against the lust. Jer. Taylor. Noll Noll (?), n. [OE. nol, AS. hnoll top; akin to OHG. hnol top, head.] The head; the noddle. [Obs.] Nolleity Nol*le"i*ty (?), n. [L. nolle to be unwilling.] The state of being unwilling; nolition. [R.] Nolle prosequi Nol"le pros"e*qui (?). [L., to be unwilling to prosecute.] (Law) Will not prosecute; -- an entry on the record, denoting that a plaintiff discontinues his suit, or the attorney for the public a prosecution; either wholly, or as to some count, or as to some of several defendants. Nolo contendere No"lo con*ten"de*re (?). [L., I do not wish to contend.] (Law) A plea, by the defendant, in a criminal prosecution, which, without admitting guilt, subjects him to all the consequences of a plea of quilty. Nol. pros. Nol. pros. An abbrev. of Nolle prosequi. Nol-pros Nol`-pros" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. -prossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. -prossing.] To discontinue by entering a nolle prosequi; to decline to prosecute. Nolt Nolt (?), n. sing. & pl. Neat cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Nom Nom (?), n. [F. See Noun.] Name. Nom de guerre (, literally, war name; hence, a fictitious name, or one assumed for a time. -- Nom de plume (, literally, pen name; hence, a name assumed by an author as his or her signature. Noma No"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Name.] (Med.) See Canker, n., 1. Nomad Nom"ad (?), n. [L. nomas, -adis, Gr. niman to take, and E. nimble: cf. F. nomade. Cf. Astronomy, Economy, Nimble, Nemesis, Numb, Number.] One of a race or tribe that has no fixed location, but wanders from place to place in search of pasture or game. Nomad Nom"ad, a. Roving; nomadic. Nomade Nom"ade (?), n. [F.] See Nomad, n. Nomadian No*ma"di*an (?), n. A nomad. [R.] Nomadic No*mad"ic (?), a. [Gr. Nomad.] Of or pertaining to nomads, or their way of life; wandering; moving from place to place for subsistence; as, a nomadic tribe. -- No*mad"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Nomadism Nom"ad*ism (?), n. The state of being a nomad. Nomadize Nom"ad*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nomadized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nomadizing (?).] To lead the life of a nomad; to wander with flocks and herds for the sake of finding pasturage. The Vogules nomadize chiefly about the Rivers Irtish, Obi, Kama, and Volga. W. Tooke. Nomancy No"man*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. nomancie, nomance, abbrev. fr. onomancie. See Onomancy.] The art or practice of divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form their names. No-man's land No"-man's` land` (?). 1. (Naut.) A space amidships used to keep blocks, ropes, etc.; a space on a ship belonging to no one in particular to care for. 2. Fig.: An unclaimed space or time. That no-man's land of twilight. W. Black. Nomarch Nom"arch (?), n. [Gr. -arch.] The chief magistrate of a nome or nomarchy. Nomarchy Nom"arch*y (?), n.; pl. Nomarchies (. A province or territorial division of a kingdom, under the rule of a nomarch, as in modern Greece; a nome. Nombles Nom"bles (?), n. pl. [F. nombles, fr. L. lumbulus, dim. of lumbus a loin. Cf. Numbles, Umbles, Humbles.] The entrails of a deer; the umbles. [Written also numbles.] Johnson. Nombril Nom"bril (?), n. [F. nombril, for OF. lombril, i. e., ombril, with the article, a dim. fr. L. umbilicus the navel. See Navel.] (Her.) A point halfway between the fess point and the middle base point of an escutcheon; -- called also navel point. See Escutcheon. Nome Nome (?), n. [Gr. 1. A province or political division, as of modern Greece or ancient Egypt; a nomarchy. 2. Any melody determined by inviolable rules. [Obs.] Nome Nome, n. [Cf. Binomial.] (Alg.) [Obs.] See Term. Nome, Nomen Nome, No"men (?), obs. p. p. of Nim. Chaucer. Nomenclator No"men*cla`tor (?), n. [L., fr. nomen name + calare to call. See Name, and Calendar.] 1. One who calls persons or things by their names. NOTE: &hand; In Rome, candidates for office were attended each by a nomenclator, who informed the candidate of the names of the persons whom they met and whose votes it was desirable to solicit. 2. One who gives names to things, or who settles and adjusts the nomenclature of any art or science; also, a list or vocabulary of technical names. Nomenclatress No"men*cla`tress (?), n. A female nomenclator. Nomenclatural No`men*cla"tur*al (?), a. Pertaining or according to a nomenclature. Nomenclature No"men*cla`ture (?), n. [L. nomenclatura: cf. F. nomenclature. See Nomenclator.] 1. A name. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. A vocabulary, dictionary, or glossary. [R.] 3. The technical names used in any particular branch of science or art, or by any school or individual; as, the nomenclature of botany or of chemistry; the nomenclature of Lavoisier and his associates. Nomial No"mi*al (?), n. [Cf. Binomial.] (Alg.) A name or term. Nomic Nom"ic (?), a. [Gr. Customary; ordinary; -- applied to the usual English spelling, in distinction from strictly phonetic methods. H Sweet. -- n. Nomic spelling. A. J. Ellis. Nominal Nom"i*nal (?), a. [L. nominalis, fr. nomen, nominis, name. See Name.] 1. Of or pertaining to a name or names; having to do with the literal meaning of a word; verbal; as, a nominal definition. Bp. Pearson. 2. Existing in name only; not real; as, a nominal difference. "Nominal attendance on lectures." Macaulay. Nominal Nom"i*nal, n. 1. A nominalist. [Obs.] Camden. 2. (Gram.) A verb formed from a noun. 3. A name; an appellation. A is the nominal of the sixth note in the natural diatonic scale. Moore (Encyc. of Music. ) Nominalism Nom"i*nal*ism (?), n. The principles or philosophy of the Nominalists. Nominalist Nom"i*nal*ist, n. (Metaph.) One of a sect of philosophers in the Middle Ages, who adopted the opinion of Roscelin, that general conceptions, or universals, exist in name only. Reid. Nominalistic Nom`i*nal*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Nominalists. Nominalize Nom"i*nal*ize (?), v. t. To convert into a noun. [Obs.] Nominally Nom"i*nal*ly, adv. In a nominal manner; by name; in name only; not in reality. Burke. Nominate Nom"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nominated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nominating (?).] [L. nominatus, p. p. of nominare to nominate, fr. nomen name. See Name.] 1. To mention by name; to name. [Obs.] To nominate them all, it is impossible. Shak. 2. To call; to entitle; to denominate. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To set down in express terms; to state. [Obs.] Is it so noiminated in the bond? Shak. 4. To name, or designate by name, for an office or place; to appoint; esp., to name as a candidate for an election, choice, or appointment; to propose by name, or offer the name of, as a candidate for an office or place. Nominately Nom"i*nate*ly (?), adv. By name; particularly; namely. [Obs.] Spelman. Nomination Nom`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. nominatio: cf. F. nomination.] 1. The act of naming or nominating; designation of a person as a candidate for office; the power of nominating; the state of being nominated. The nomination of persons to places being . . . a flower of his crown, he would reserve to himself. Clarendon. 2. The denomination, or name. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. Nominatival Nom`i*na*ti"val (?), a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the nominative case. Nominative Nom"i*na*tive (?), a. [L. nominativus belonging to a name, nominative.] (Gram.) Giving a name; naming; designating; -- said of that case or form of a noun which stands as the subject of a finite verb. -- n. The nominative case. Nominatively Nom"i*na*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of a nominative; as a nominative. Nominator Nom"i*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who nominates. Nominee Nom`i*nee" (?), n. [See Nominate, and -ee.] A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office. Nominor Nom"i*nor` (?), n. [See Nominate, and -or.] A nominator. [Obs.] Bentham. Nomocracy No*moc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. -cracy, as in democracy.] Government in accordance with a system of law. Milman. Nomography No*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. A treatise on laws; an exposition of the form proper for laws. Nomology No*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] 1. The science of law; legislation. 2. The science of the laws of the mind; rational psychology. Sir W. Hamilton. Nomopelmous Nom`o*pel"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a separate and simple tendon to flex the first toe, or hallux, as do passerine birds. Nomothete Nom"o*thete (?), n. [Gr. nomoth\'8ate.] A lawgiver. [R.] Nomothetic, Nomothetical Nom`o*thet"ic (?), Nom`o*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Legislative; enacting laws; as, a nomothetical power. [R.] Bp. Barlow. Non Non (?), a. No; not. See No, a. Chaucer. Non- Non- (?). [L. non, OL. noenu, noenum, fr. neoenum, lit., not one. See None.] A prefix used in the sense of not; un-; in-; as in nonattention, or non-attention, nonconformity, nonmetallic, nonsuit. NOTE: &hand; Th e pr efix non- may be joined to the leading word by means of a hyphen, or, in most cases, the hyphen may be dispensed with. The list of words having the prefix non- could easily be lengthened. Nonability Non`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. 1. Want of ability. 2. (Law) An exception taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is unable legally to commence a suit. Nonacceptance Non`ac*cept"ance (?), n. A neglect or refusal to accept. _________________________________________________________________ Page 980 Nonacid Non*ac"id (?), a. (Chem.) Destitute of acid properties; hence, basic; metallic; positive; -- said of certain atoms and radicals. Nonacquaintance Non`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. Want of acquaintance; the state of being unacquainted. Nonacquiescence Non*ac`qui*es"cence (?), n. Refusal of acquiescence; failure to yield or comply. Nonadmission Non`ad*mis"sion (?), n. Failure to be admitted. Nonadult Non`a*dult" (?), a. Not adult; immature. Nona\'89robiotic Non*a`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Capable of living without atmospheric oxygen; ana\'89robiotic. Nonage Non"age (?), n. [LL. nonagium, from L. nonus ninth, novem nine.] (Eccl.) The ninth part of movable goods, formerly payable to the clergy on the death of persons in their parishes. Mozley & W. Nonage Non"age, n. [Pref. non- + age.] Time of life before a person becomes of age; legal immaturity; minority. The human mind . . . was still in its nonage. Coleridge. Nonaged Non"aged (?), a. Having the quality of nonage; being a minor; immature. W. Browne. Nonagenarian Non`a*ge*na"ri*an (?), n. [L. nonagenarius containing, or consisting of, ninety, fr. nonageni ninety each; akin to novem nine.] A person ninety years old. Nonagesimal Non`a*ges"i*mal (?), a. [L. nonagesimus the ninetieth. See Nonagenarian.] (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the ninetieth degree or to a nonagesimal. Nonagesimal Non`a*ges"i*mal, n. (Astron.) The middle or highest point of the part of the ecliptic which is at any given moment above the horizon. It is the ninetieth degree of the ecliptic, reckoned from the points in which it is intersected by the horizon. Nonagon Non"a*gon (?), n. [L. nonus ninth + Gr. (Math.) A figure or polygon having nine sides and nine angles. Nonagrian Non*a"gri*an (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the genus Nonagria and allied genera, as the spindleworm and stalk borer. Nonalienation Non*al`ien*a"tion (?), n. Failure to alienate; also, the state of not being alienated. Nonane Non"ane (?), n. [L. nonus ninth.] (Chem.) One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons C9H20 of the paraffin series; -- so called because of the nine carbon atoms in the molecule. Normal nonane is a colorless volatile liquid, an ingredient of ordinary kerosene. Nonappearance Non`ap*pear"ance (?), n. Default of apperance, as in court, to prosecute or defend; failure to appear. Nonappointment Non`ap*point"ment (?), n. Neglect of making appointment; failure to receive an appointment. Nonarrival Non`ar*riv"al (?), n. Failure to arrive. Non assumpsit Non` as*sump"sit (?). [L., he did not undertake.] (Law) The general plea or denial in an action of assumpsit. Nonattendance Non`at*tend"ance (?), n. A failure to attend; omission of attendance; nonappearance. Nonattention Non`at*ten"tion (?), n. Inattention. Nonbituminous Non`bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a. Containing no bitumen; not bituminous. Nonce Nonce (?), n. [For the nonce, OE. for the nones, a corruption of for then ones, where n. in then is a relic of AS. m in , dat. of the article and demonstrative pronoun, E. the. See For, Once, and The.] The one or single occasion; the present call or purpose; -- chiefly used in the phrase for the nonce. The miller was a stout carl for the nones. Chaucer. And that he calls for drink, I 'll have prepared him A chalice for the nonce. Shak. Nonce word, "a word apparently employed only for the nonce". Murray (New English Dict. ). Nonchalance Non`cha`lance" (?), n. [F. See Nonchalant.] Indifference; carelessness; coolness. Nonchalant Non`cha`lant" (?), a. [F., fr. non not (L. non) + chaloir to concern one's self for, fr. L. calere to be warm, to be inflamed with desire, to be troubled. See Non-, and Caldron.] Indifferent; careless; cool. Nonchalantly Non"cha*lant`ly (?), adv. In a nonchalant, indifferent, or careless manner; coolly. Nonclaim Non"claim` (?), n. A failure to make claim within the time limited by law; omission of claim. Noncohesion Non`co*he"sion (?), n. Want of cohesion. Noncoincidence Non`co*in"ci*dence, n. Lack of coincidence. Noncoincident Non`co*in"ci*dent (?), a. Not coincident. Noncombatant Non*com"bat*ant (?), n. (Mil.) Any person connected with an army, or within the lines of an army, who does not make it his business to fight, as any one of the medical officers and their assistants, chaplains, and others; also, any of the citizens of a place occupied by an army; also, any one holding a similar position with respect to the navy. Noncommissioned Non`com*mis"sioned (?), a. Not having a commission. Noncommissioned officer (Mil.), a subordinate officer not appointed by a commission from the chief executive or supreme authority of the State; but by the Secretary of War or by the commanding officer of the regiment. Noncommittal Non`com*mit"tal (?), n. A state of not being committed or pledged; forbearance or refusal to commit one's self. Also used adjectively. Noncommunion Non`com*mun"ion (?), n. Neglect or failure of communion. Noncompletion Non`com*ple"tion (?), n. Lack of completion; failure to complete. Noncompliance Non`com*pli"ance (?), n. Neglect of compliance; failure to comply. Noncomplying Non`com*ply"ing (?), a. Neglecting or refusing to comply. Non compos. Non compos mentis Non com"pos (?). Non com"pos men"tis (?).[L.] Not of sound mind; not having the regular use of reason; hence, also, as a noun, an idiot; a lunati Noncon. Non"con. (, n. See Noncontent. Nonconcluding Non`con*clud"ing (?), a. Not concluding. Nonconcur Non`con*cur" (?), v. i. To dissent or refuse to concur. Nonconcurrence Non`con*cur"rence (?), n. Refusal to concur. Noncondensible Non`con*den"si*ble (?), a. Not condensible; incapable of being liquefied; -- said of gases. Noncondensing Non`con*dens"ing, a. (Steam Engine) Not condensing; discharging the steam from the cylinder at a pressure nearly equal to or above that of the atmosphere and not into a condenser. Nonconducting Non`con*duct"ing (?), a. Not conducting; not transmitting a fluid or force; thus, in electricity, wax is a nonconducting substance.<-- = nonconductive --> Nonconduction Non`con*duc"tion (?), n. The quality of not being able to conduct or transmit; failure to conduct. Nonconductor Non`con*duct"or (?), n. (Physics) A substance which does not conduct, that is, convey or transmit, heat, electricity, sound, vibration, or the like, or which transmits them with difficulty; an insulator; as, wool is a nonconductor of heat; glass and dry wood are nonconductors of electricity. Nonconforming Non`con*form"ing (?), a. Not conforming; declining conformity; especially, not conforming to the established church of a country. Nonconformist Non`con*form"ist, n. One who does not conform to an established church; especially, one who does not conform to the established church of England; a dissenter. Nonconformity Non*con*form"i*ty (?), n. Neglect or failure of conformity; especially, in England, the neglect or refusal to unite with the established church in its rites and modes of worship. Nonconstat Non`con"stat (?), n. [Law L.] It does not appear; it is not plain or clear; it does not follow. Noncontagious Non`con*ta"gious (?), a. Not contagious; not catching; not communicable by contact. -- Non`con*ta"gious*ness, n. Noncontent Non`con*tent" (?), n. (British House of Lords) One who gives a negative vote; -- sometimes abridged into noncon. or non con. Noncontributing, Noncontributory Non`con*trib"u*ting (?), Non`con*trib"u*to*ry (?), a. Not contributing. Nonda Non"da (?), n. (Bot.) The edible plumlike fruit of the Australian tree, Parinarium Nonda. Nondecane Non*dec"ane (?), n. [L. nonus ninth + decem ten.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, a white waxy substance, C19H40; -- so called from the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Nondeciduate Non`de*cid"u*ate (?), a. (Anat.) Characterized by the absence of a decidua; indeciduate. Nondelivery Non`de*liv"er*y (?), n. A neglect or failure of delivery; omission of delivery. Nondeposition Non*dep`o*si"tion (?), n. A failure to deposit or throw down. Nondescript Non"de*script (?), a. [Pref. non- + L. descriptus described.] Not hitherto described; novel; hence, odd; abnormal; unclassifiable. Nondescript Non"de*script, n. A thing not yet described; that of which no account or explanation has been given; something abnormal, or hardly classifiable. Nondevelopment Non`de*vel"op*ment (?), n. Failure or lack of development. Nondiscovery Non`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. Want or failure of discovery. Nondo Non"do (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant (Ligusticum act\'91ifolium) with a large aromatic root. It is found chiefly in the Alleghany region. Also called Angelico. None None (?), a. & pron. [OE. none, non, nan, no, na, AS. n\'ben, fr. ne not + \'ben one. No, a. & adv., One, and cf. Non-, Null, a.] 1. No one; not one; not anything; -- frequently used also partitively, or as a plural, not any. There is none that doeth good; no, not one. Ps. xiv. 3. Six days ye shall gather it, but on the seventh day, which is the Sabbath, in it there shall be none. Ex. xvi. 26. Terms of peace yet none Vouchsafed or sought. Milton. None of their productions are extant. Blair. 2. No; not any; -- used adjectively before a vowel, in old style; as, thou shalt have none assurance of thy life. None of, not at all; not; nothing of; -- used emphatically. "They knew that I was none of the register that entered their admissions in the universities." Fuller. -- None-so-pretty (Bot.), the Saxifraga umbrosa. See London pride (a), under London. None None, n. [F.] Same as Nones, 2. Noneffective Non`ef*fect"ive (?), a. 1. Not effective. 2. (Mil.) Not fit or available for duty. Non-ego Non-e"go (?), n. [L., not I.] (Metaph.) The union of being and relation as distinguished from, and contrasted with, the ego. See Ego. Nonelastic Non`e*las"tic (?), a. Not having elasticity. Nonelect Non`e*lect" (?), n. sing. & pl. (Theol.) A person or persons not elected, or chosen, to salvation. Nonelection Non`e*lec"tion (?), n. Failure of election. Nonelectric, Nonelectrical Non`e*lec"tric (?), Non`e*lec"tric*al (?), a. Not electric; conducting electricity. Nonelectric Non`e*lec"tric, n. (Physics) A substance that is not an electric; that which transmits electricity, as a metal. Nonemphatic, Nonemphatical Non`em*phat"ic (?), Non`em*phat"ic*al (?), a. Having no emphasis; unemphatic. Nonentity Non*en"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Nonentities (. 1. Nonexistence; the negation of being. 2. A thing not existing. South. 3. A person or thing of little or no account. [Colloq.] Non-Episcopal Non`-E*pis"co*pal (?), a. Not Episcopal; not pertaining to the Episcopal church or system. Nones Nones (?), n. pl. [L. nonae, so called because it was the ninth day before the ides, fr. nonus ninth, from novem nine. See Nine, Nones, 2, Noon .] 1. (Roman Cal.) The fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, August, September, November, and December, and the seventh day of March, May, July, and October. The nones were nine days before the ides, reckoning inclusively, according to the Roman method. 2. [F. none, fr. L. See Noon.] The canonical office, being a part of the Breviary, recited at noon (formerly at the ninth hour, 3 P. M.) in the Roman Catholic Church. 3. The hour of dinner; the noonday meal. [Obs.] At my supper and sometimes at nones. P. Plowman. Nonessential Non`es*sen"tial (?), a. Not essential. Nonessential Non`es*sen"tial, n. A thing not essential. Non est factum Non` est` fac"tum (?). [Law L. it is not (his) deed.] (Law) The plea of the general issue in an action of debt on bond. Non est inventus Non` est` in*ven"tus (?). [L., he is not found.] (Law) The return of a sheriff on a writ, when the defendant is not found in his county. Bouvier. Nonesuch None"such` (?), n. A person or thing of a sort that there is no other such; something extraordinary; a thing that has not its equal. It is given as a name to various objects, as to a choice variety of apple, a species of medic (Medicago lupulina), a variety of pottery clay, etc. Nonet, Nonetto No*net" (?), No*net"to (?), n. [From L. nonus ninth, like E. duet, fr. L. duo.] (Mus.) A composition for nine instruments, rarely for nine voices. Nonett Non"ett (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The titmouse. [Obs.] Nonexecution Non*ex`e*cu"tion (?), n. Neglect or failure of execution; nonperformance. Nonexistence Non`ex*ist"ence (?), n. 1. Absence of existence; the negation of being; nonentity. A. Baxter. 2. A thing that has no existence. Sir T. Browne. Nonexistent Non`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Not having existence. Nonexportation Non*ex`por*ta"tion (?), n. A failure of exportation; a not exporting of commodities. Nonextensile Non`ex*ten"sile (?), a. Not extensile; incapable of being stretched. Non-feasance Non-fea"sance (?), n. [Pref. non- + OF. faisance a doing, fr. faire to do.] (Law) An omission or neglect to do something, esp. that which ought to have been done. Cf. Malfeasance. Nonfulfillment Non`ful*fill"ment, n. Neglect or failure to fulfill. Nonillion No*nil"lion (?), n. [L. nonus ninth + -illion, as in E. million.] According to the French and American notation, a thousand octillions, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a million octillions, or a unit with fifty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration. Nonimportation Non*im`por*ta"tion (?), n. Want or failure of importation; a not importing of commodities. Nonimporting Non`im*port"ing (?), a. Not importing; not bringing from foreign countries. Noninflectional Non`in*flec"tion*al (?), a. Not admitting of, or characterized by, inflection. Noninhabitant Non`in*hab"it*ant (?), n. One who is not an inhabitant; a stranger; a foreigner; a nonresident. Nonintervention Non*in`ter*ven"tion (?), n. The state or habit of not intervening or interfering; as, the nonintervention of one state in the affairs of another. Nonius No"ni*us (?), n. [Latinized form of Nunez, the name of a Portuguese mathematician.] A vernier. Nonjoinder Non*join"der (?), n. (Law) The omission of some person who ought to have been made a plaintiff or defendant in a suit, or of some cause of action which ought to be joined. Nonjurant Non*ju"rant (?), a. Nonjuring. Nonjuring Non*ju"ring (?), a. [F. jurer to swear, or L. jurare, jurari, to swear, fr. L. jus, juris, right, law, justice. See Jury.] Not swearing allegiance; -- applied to the party in Great Britain that would not swear allegiance to William and Mary, or their successors. Nonjuror Non*ju"ror (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) One of those adherents of James II. who refused to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, or to their successors, after the revolution of 1688; a Jacobite. Nonjurorism Non*ju"ror*ism (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) The doctrines, or action, of the Nonjurors. Nonlimitation Non*lim`i*ta"tion (?), n. Want of limitation; failure to limit. Non liquet Non` li"quet (?). [L.] It is not clear; -- a verdict given by a jury when a matter is to be deferred to another day of trial. Nonmalignant Non`ma*lig"nant (?), a. Not malignant, as a disease. Nonmanufacturing Non*man`u*fac"tur*ing (?), a. Not carrying on manufactures. Nonmedullated Non*med"ul*la`ted (?), a. Not medullated; (Anat.) without a medulla or marrow, or without a medullary sheath; as, a nonmedullated nerve fiber. Nonmember Non*mem"ber, n. One who is not a member. Nonmembership Non*mem"ber*ship, n. State of not being a member. Nonmetal Non"met`al (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of the set of elements which, as contrasted with the metals, possess, produce, or receive, acid rather than basic properties; a metalloid; as, oxygen, sulphur, and chlorine are nonmetals. Nonmetallic Non`me*tal"lic (?), a. 1. Not metallic. 2. (Chem.) Resembling, or possessing the properties of, a nonmetal or metalloid; as, sulphur is a nonmetallic element. Nonnatural Non*nat"u*ral, a. Not natural; unnatural. Nonne Nonne (?), n. A nun. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nonnecessity Non`ne*ces"si*ty (?), n. Absence of necessity; the quality or state of being unnecessary. Nonnitrognous Non`ni*trog"nous (?), a. Devoid of nitrogen; as, a nonnitrogenous principle; a nonnitrogenous food. See the Note under Food, n., 1. Nonnucleated Non*nu"cle*a`ted (?), a. Without a nucleus.<-- = anucleate --> Nonny Non"ny (?), n. A silly fellow; a ninny. Nonobedience Non`o*be"di*ence (?), n. Neglect of obedience; failure to obey. Nonobservance Non`ob*serv"ance (?), n. Neglect or failure to observe or fulfill. _________________________________________________________________ Page 981 Non obstante Non` ob*stan"te (?). [L.] 1. Notwithstanding; in opposition to, or in spite of, what has been stated, or is to be stated or admitted. 2. (Law) A clause in old English statutes and letters patent, importing a license from the crown to do a thing notwithstanding any statute to the contrary. This dispensing power was abolished by the Bill of Rights. In this very reign [Henry III.] the practice of dispensing with statutes by a non obstante was introduced. Hallam. Non obstante veredicto [LL.] (Law), a judgment sometimes entered by order of the court, for the plaintiff, notwithstanding a verdict for the defendant. Stephen. Nonoic No*no"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, nonane; as, nonoic acid, which is also called pelargonic acid. Cf. Pelargonic. Nonone Non"one (?), n. [Nonane + -one, suffix denoting the third degree of unsaturation.] (Chem.) Any one of several metameric unsaturated hydrocarbons (C9H14) of the valylene series. Nonoxygenous Non`ox*yg"e*nous (?), a. (Chem.) Without oxygen; characterized by the absence of oxygen; as, a nonoxygenous alkaloid. Nonpareil Non`pa*reil" (?), n. [See Nonpareil, a. ] 1. Something of unequaled excellence; a peerless thing or person; a nonesuch; -- often used as a name. 2. [F. nonpareille.] (Print.) A size of type next smaller than minion and next larger than agate (or ruby). NOTE: &hand; This line is printed in the type called nonpareil. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beautifully colored finch (Passerina ciris), native of the Southern United States. The male has the head and neck deep blue, rump and under parts bright red, back and wings golden green, and the tail bluish purple. Called also painted finch. (b) Any other similar bird of the same genus. Nonpareil Non`pa*reil", a. [F., from non not + pareil equal, fr. LL. pariculus, dim. of L. par equal. See Non, and Pair, Peer.] Having no equal; peerless. Nonpayment Non*pay"ment, n. Neglect or failure to pay. Nonperformance Non`per*form"ance, n. Neglect or failure to perform. Nonphotobiotic Non*pho`to*bi*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Capable of living without light; as, nonphotobiotic plant cells, or cells which habitually live in darkness. Nonplane Non`plane" (?), a. (Math.) Not lying in one plane; -- said of certain curves. Nonplus Non"plus (?), n. [L. non not + plus more, further. See Plural.] A state or condition which daffles reason or confounds judgment; insuperable difficalty; inability to proceed or decide; puzzle; quandary. Both of them are a perfect nonplus and baffle to all human understanding. South. Nonplus Non"plus` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonplused (?) or Nonplussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Nonplusing or Nonplussing.] To puzzle; to confound; to perplex; to cause to stop by embarrassment. He has been nonplused by Mr. Dry's desiring him to tell what it was that he endeavored to prove. Spectator. Nonpreparation Non*prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. Neglect or failure to prepare; want of preparation. Nonpresentation Non*pres`en*ta"tion (?), n. Neglect or failure to present; state of not being presented. Nonproduction Non`pro*duc"tion, n. A failure to produce or exhibit. Nonprofessional Non`pro*fes"sion*al (?), a. Not belonging to a profession; not done by, or proceeding from, professional men; contrary to professional usage. Nonproficiency Non`pro*fi"cien*cy (?), n. Want of proficiency; failure to make progress. Nonproficient Non`pro*fi"cient (?), n. One who has failed to become proficient. Non pros. Non" pros.` (. An abbreviation of Non prosequitur. Non-pros Non`-pros" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonprossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Non-prossing (?).] To decline or fail to prosecute; to allow to be dropped (said of a suit); to enter judgment against (a plaintiff who fails to prosecute); as, the plaintiff was non-prossed. Non prosequitur Non" pro*seq"ui*tur (?). [L. he does not prosecute.] (Law) A judgment entered against the plaintiff in a suit where he does not appear to prosecute. See Nolle prosequi. Nonrecurrent Non`re*cur"rent (?), a. Not recurring. Nonrecurring Non`re*cur"ring (?), a. Nonrecurrent. Nonregardance Non`re*gard"ance (?), n. Want of due regard; disregard; slight. [Obs.] Shak. Nonregent Non`re"gent (?), n. (Eng. Universities) A master of arts whose regency has ceased. See Regent. Nonrendition Non`ren*di"tion (?), n. Neglect of rendition; the not rendering what is due. The nonrendition of a service which is due. S. E. Dwight. Nonresemblance Non`re*sem"blance (?), n. Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilarity. Nonresidence Non*res"i*dence (?), n. The state or condition of being nonresident, Swift. Nonresident Non*res"i*dent (?), a. Not residing in a particular place, on one's own estate, or in one's proper place; as, a nonresident clergyman or proprietor of lands. Nonresident Non*res"i*dent, n. A nonresident person; one who does not reside in the State or jurisdiction. Nonresistance Non`re*sist"ance (?), n. The principles or practice of a nonresistant; passive obedience; submission to authority, power, oppression, or violence without opposition. Nonresistant Non`re*sist"ant (?), a. Making no resistance. Nonresistant Non`re*sist"ant, n. One who maintains that no resistance should be made to constituted authority, even when unjustly or oppressively exercised; one who advocates or practices absolute submission; also, one who holds that violence should never be resisted by force. Nonresisting Non`re*sist"ing, a. Not making resistance. Nonruminant Non*ru"mi*nant (?), a. Not ruminating; as, a nonruminant animal. Nonsane Non`sane" (?), a. Unsound; not perfect; as, a person of nonsane memory. Blackstone. Nonsense Non"sense (?), n. [Pref. non- + sense: cf. F. nonsens.] 1. That which is not sense, or has no sense; words, or language, which have no meaning, or which convey no intelligible ideas; absurdity. 2. Trifles; things of no importance. Nonsense verses, lines made by taking any words which occur, but especially certain words which it is desired to recollect, and arranging them without reference to anything but the measure, so that the rhythm of the lines may aid in recalling the remembrance of the words. Syn. -- Folly; silliness; absurdity; trash; balderdash. Nonsensical Non*sen"si*cal (?), a. Without sense; unmeaning; absurb; foolish; irrational; preposterous. -- Non*sen"si*cal*ly, adv. -- Non*sen"si*cal*ness, n. Nonsensitive Non*sen"si*tive (?), a. Not sensitive; wanting sense or perception; not easily affected. Non sequitur Non seq"ui*tur (?). [L., it does not follow.] (Logic) An inference which does not follow from the premises. Nonsexual Non*sex"u*al (?), a. Having no distinction of sex; sexless; neuter. Nonslaveholding Non*slave"hold`ing (?), a. Not possessing or holding slaves; as, a nonslaveholding State. Nonsolution Non`so*lu"tion (?), n. Failure of solution or explanation. Nonsolvency Non*sol"ven*cy (?), n. Inability to pay debts; insolvency. Nonsolvent Non*sol"vent (?), a. Not solvent; insolvent. Nonsolvent Non*sol"vent, n. An insolvent. Nonsonant Non*so"nant (?), a. Not sonant. -- n. A nonsonant or nonvocal consonant. Nonsparing Non*spar"ing (?), a. Sparing none. Nonstriated Non*stri"a*ted (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Without striations; unstriped; as, nonstriated muscle fibers. Nonsubmission Non`sub*mis"sion (?), n. Want of submission; failure or refusal to submit. Nonsubmissive Non`sub*mis"sive (?), a. Not submissive. Nonsuch Non"such (?), n. See Nonesuch. Nonsuit Non"suit` (?), n. (Law) A neglect or failure by the plaintiff to follow up his suit; a stopping of the suit; a renunciation or withdrawal of the cause by the plaintiff, either because he is satisfied that he can not support it, or upon the judge's expressing his opinion. A compulsory nonsuit is a nonsuit ordered by the court on the ground that the plaintiff on his own showing has not made out his case. Nonsuit Non"suit`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nonsuited; p. pr. & vb. n. Nonsuiting.] (Law) To determine, adjudge, or record (a plaintiff) as having dropped his suit, upon his withdrawal or failure to follow it up. "When two are joined in a writ, and one is nonsuited." Z. Swift. Nonsuit Non"suit`, a. Nonsuited. D. A. Tyng. Nonsurety Non*sure"ty (?), n. Insecurity. [Obs.] Nontenure Non*ten"ure (?), n. (Law) A plea of a defendant that he did not hold the land, as affirmed. Nonterm Non"term` (?), n. (Law) A vacation between two terms of a court. Nontoxic Non*tox"ic (?), a. Not toxic. Nontronite Non"tro*nite (?), n. [So called because found in the arrondissement of Notron, France.] (Min.) A greenish yellow or green mineral, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron. Nonuniformist Non*u"ni*form`ist (?), n. One who believes that past changes in the structure of the earth have proceeded from cataclysms or causes more violent than are now operating; -- called also nonuniformitarian. Nonunionist Non*un"ion*ist (?), n. One who does not belong, or refuses to belong, to a trades union. Nonusance Non*us"ance (?), n. Neglect of using; failure to use. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Nonuser Non*us"er (?), 1. A not using; failure to use. An office may be forfeited by misuser or nonuser. Blackstone. 2. (Law) Neglect or omission to use an easement or franchise or to assert a right. Kent. Nonvascular Non*vas"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Destitute of vessels; extravascular. Nonvernacular Non`ver*nac"u*lar (?), a. Not vernacular. A nonvernacular expression. Sir W. Hamilton. Nonvocal Non*vo"cal (?), a. Not vocal; destitute of tone. -- n. A nonvocal consonant. Nonyl Non"yl (?), n. [Nonane + -yl.] (Chem.) The hydrocarbon radical, C9H19, derived from nonane and forming many compounds. Used also adjectively; as, nonyl alcohol. Nonylene Non"y*lene (?), n. [Nonane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of metameric, unsaturated hydrocarbons C9H18 of the ethylene series. Nonylenic Non`y*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, related to, or designating, nonylene or its compounds; as, nonylenic acid. Nonylic No*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, nonyl or its compounds; as, nonylic acid. Noodle Noo"dle (?), n. [Cf. Noddle, Noddy.] A simpleton; a blockhead; a stupid person; a ninny. [Low] The chuckling grin of noodles. Sydney Smith. Noodle Noo"dle, n. [G. nudel vermicelli.] A thin strip of dough, made with eggs, rolled up, cut into small pieces, and used in soup. Nook Nook (?), n. [OE. nok; cf. Gael. & Ir. niuc.] A narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies; a corner; a recess; a secluded retreat. How couldst thou find this dark, sequestered nook? Milton. Nook-shotten Nook"-shot`ten (?), a. Full of nooks, angles, or corners. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] That nook-shotten isle of Albion. Shak. No\'94logical No`\'94*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to no\'94logy. No\'94logist No*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. One versed in no\'94logy. No\'94logy No*\'94l"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of intellectual phenomena. Noon Noon (?), a. No. See the Note under No. [Obs.] Noon Noon (?), n. [AS. n, orig., the ninth hour, fr. L.nona (sc. hora) the ninth hour, then applied to the church services (called nones) at that hour, the time of which was afterwards changed to noon. See Nine, and cf. Nones, Nunchion.] 1. The middle of the day; midday; the time when the sun is in the meridian; twelve o'clock in the daytime. 2. Hence, the highest point; culmination. In the very noon of that brilliant life which was destined to be so soon, and so fatally, overshadowed. Motley. High noon, the exact meridian; midday. -- Noon of night, midnight. [Poetic] Dryden. Noon Noon (?), a. Belonging to midday; occurring at midday; meridional. Young. Noon Noon, v. i. To take rest and refreshment at noon. Noonday Noon"day` (?), n. Midday; twelve o'clock in the day; noon. Noonday Noon"day` (?), a. Of or pertaining to midday; meridional; as, the noonday heat. "Noonday walks." Addison. Noon-flower Noon"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The goat's beard, whose flowers close at midday. Nooning Noon"ing, n. A rest at noon; a repast at noon. Noonshun Noon"shun (?), n. [Obs.] See Nunchion. Nares. Noonstead Noon"stead (?), n. The position of the sun at noon. [Obs.] Drayton. Noontide Noon"tide` (?), n. [From noon + tide time; cf. AS. n the ninth hour.] The time of noon; midday. Noose Noose (?), n. [Prob. fr. OF. nous, nom. sing. or acc. pl. of nou knot, F. n, L. nodus. Cf. Node.] A running knot, or loop, which binds the closer the more it is drawn. Noose Noose (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Noosing.] To tie in a noose; to catch in a noose; to entrap; to insnare. Noot Noot (?). See lst Not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nopal No"pal (?), n. [Mexican nopalli.] (Bot.) A cactaceous plant (Nopalea cochinellifera), originally Mexican, on which the cochineal insect feeds, and from which it is collected. The name is sometimes given to other species of Cactace\'91. Nopalry No"pal*ry (?), n.; pl. Nopalries (. A plantation of the nopal for raising the cochineal insect. Nope Nope (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.] Nor Nor (?), conj. [OE. nor, contr. from nother. See Neither.] A negative connective or particle, introducing the second member or clause of a negative proposition, following neither, or not, in the first member or clause (as or in affirmative propositions follows either). Nor is also used sometimes in the first member for neither, and sometimes the neither is omitted and implied by the use of nor. Provide neither gold nor silver, nor brass, in your purses, nor scrip for your journey. Matt. x. 9, 10. Where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt. Matt. vi. 20. I love him not, nor fear him. Shak. Where neither party is nor true, nor kind. Shak. Simois nor Xanthus shall be wanting there. Dryden. Norbertine Nor"bert*ine (?), n. See Premonstrant. <-- nori. (Jap.) a dried seaweed used as a seasoning or as a wrapper for sushi --> Noria No"ri*a (?), n. [Sp., from Ar. n\'be'.] A large water wheel, turned by the action of a stream against its floats, and carrying at its circumference buckets, by which water is raised and discharged into a trough; used in Arabia, China, and elsewhere for irrigating land; a Persian wheel. Norian No"ri*an (?), a. [From norite.] (Geol.) Pertaining to the upper portion of the Laurentian rocks. T. S. Hunt. Norice Nor"ice (?), n. Nurse. [Obs.] Chaucer. Norie No"rie (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The cormorant. [Prov. Eng.] Norimon Nor"i*mon (?), n.; pl. Norimons (. A Japanese covered litter, carried by men. B. Taylor. Norite No"rite (?), n. [F., fr. Norv\'8age Norway .] (Min.) A granular crystalline rock consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar (as labradorite) and hypersthene. Norium No"ri*um (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) A supposed metal alleged to have been discovered in zircon. Norm Norm (?), n. [L. norma a rule. See Normal, a.] 1. A rule or authoritative standard; a model; a type. 2. (Biol.) A typical, structural unit; a type. Agassiz. Norma Nor"ma (?), n. [L.] 1. A norm; a principle or rule; a model; a standard. J. S. Mill. 2. A mason's or a carpenter's square or rule. 3. A templet or gauge. Normal Nor"mal (?), a. [L. normalis, fr. norma rule, pattern, carpenter's square; prob. akin to noscere to know; cf. Gr. normal. See Known, and cf. Abnormal, Enormous.] 1. According to an established norm, rule, or principle; conformed to a type, standard, or regular form; performing the proper functions; not abnormal; regular; natural; analogical. Deviations from the normal type. Hallam. 2. (Geom.) According to a square or rule; perpendicular; forming a right angle. Specifically: Of or pertaining to a normal. 3. (Chem.) Standard; original; exact; typical. Specifically: (a) (Quantitative Analysis) Denoting a solution of such strength that every cubic centimeter contains the same number of milligrams of the element in question as the number of its molecular weight. (b) (Chem.) Denoting certain hypothetical compounds, as acids from which the real acids are obtained by dehydration; thus, normal sulphuric acid and normal nitric acid are respectively S(OH)6, and N(OH)5. (c) (Organ. Chem.) Denoting that series of hydrocarbons in which no carbon atom is united with more than two other carbon atoms; as, normal pentane, hexane, etc. Cf. Iso-. Normal equations (Method of Least Squares), a set of equations of the first degree equal in number to the number of unknown quantities, and derived from the observations by a specified process. The solution of the normal equations gives the most probable values of the unknown quantities. -- Normal group (Geol.), a group of rocks taken as a standard. Lyell. -- Normal place (of a planet or comet) (Astron.), the apparent place in the heavens of a planet or comet at a specified time, the place having been determined by a considerable number of observations, extending perhaps over many days, and so combined that the accidental errors of observation have largely balanced each other. -- Normal school, a school whose methods of instruction are to serve as a model for imitation; an institution for the training of teachers. _________________________________________________________________ Page 982 Syn. -- Normal, Regular, Ordinary. Regular and ordinary are popular terms of well-known signification; normal has now a more specific sense, arising out of its use in science. A thing is normal, or in its normal state, when strictly conformed to those principles of its constitution which mark its species or to the standard of a healthy and natural condition. It is abnormal when it departs from those principles. Normal Nor"mal (?), n. [Cf. F. normale, ligne normale. See Normal, a.] 1. (Geom.) Any perpendicular. 2. (Geom.) A straight line or plane drawn from any point of a curve or surface so as to be perpendicular to the curve or surface at that point. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm no rmal is also used to denote the distance along the normal line from the curve to the axis of abscissas or to the center of curvature. Normalcy Nor"mal*cy (?), n. The quality, state, or fact of being normal; as, the point of normalcy. [R.] Normalization Nor`mal*i*za"tion (?), n. Reduction to a standard or normal state. Normally Nor"mal*ly, adv. In a normal manner. Darwin. Norman Nor"man (?), n. [F. normand.] (Naut.) A wooden bar, or iron pin. W. C. Russell. Norman Nor"man, a. [F. normand, of Scand. origin. See Northman, and cf. Norse.] Of or pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans; as, the Norman language; the Norman conquest. Norman style (Arch.), a style of architecture which arose in the tenth century, characterized by great massiveness, simplicity, and strength, with the use of the semicircular arch, heavy round columns, and a great variety of ornaments, among which the zigzag and spiral or cable-formed ornaments were prominent. Norman Nor"man, n. A native or inhabitant of Normandy; originally, one of the Northmen or Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in the 10th century; afterwards, one of the mixed (Norman-French) race which conquered England, under William the Conqueror. Normanism Nor"man*ism (?), n. A Norman idiom; a custom or expression peculiar to the Normans. M. Arnold. Norn, Norna Norn (?), Nor"na (?), n. [Icel. norn, pl. nornir.] 1. (Scandinavian Myth.) One of the three Fates, Past, Present, and Future. Their names were Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld. 2. A tutelary deity; a genius. Noropianic No*ro`pi*an"ic (?), a. [Etymology uncertain.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the aromatic series obtained from opianic acid. Norroy Nor"roy (?), n. [Lit., north king, fr. F. nord north + roi king.] (Her.) The most northern of the English Kings-at-arms. See King-at-arms, under King. Norse Norse (?), a. [Dan. Norsk, fr. nord north. See North.] Of or pertaining to ancient Scandinavia, or to the language spoken by its inhabitants. Norse Norse, n. The Norse language. Norseman Norse"man (?), n.; pl. Norsemen (. One of the ancient Scandinavians; a Northman. Nortelry Nor"tel*ry (?), n. [Cf. Nurture.] Nurture; education; culture; bringing up. [Obs.] Nortelry . . . learned at the nunnery. Chaucer. North North (?), n. [AS. nor&edh;; akin to D. noord, G., Sw., & Dan. nord, Icel. nor&edh;r. Cf. Norman, Norse.] 1. That one of the four cardinal points of the compass, at any place, which lies in the direction of the true meridian, and to the left hand of a person facing the east; the direction opposite to the south. 2. Any country or region situated farther to the north than another; the northern section of a country. 3. Specifically: That part of the United States lying north of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line. North North, a. Lying toward the north; situated at the north, or in a northern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the north, or coming from the north. North following. See Following, a., 2. -- North pole, that point in the heavens, or on the earth, ninety degrees from the equator toward the north. -- North preceding. See Following, a., 2. -- North star, the star toward which the north pole of the earth very nearly points, and which accordingly seems fixed and immovable in the sky. The star a (alpha) of the Little Bear, is our present north star, being distant from the pole about 1° 25\'b7, and from year to year approaching slowly nearer to it. It is called also Cynosura, polestar, and by astronomers, Polaris. North North, v. i. To turn or move toward the north; to veer from the east or west toward the north. North North, adv. Northward. Northeast North`east" (?), n. The point between the north and east, at an equal distance from each; the northeast part or region. Northeast North`east", a. Of or pertaining to the northeast; proceeding toward the northeast, or coming from that point; as, a northeast course; a northeast wind. Northeast passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of Asia. Northeast North`east", adv. Toward the northeast. Northeaster North`east"er (?), n. A storm, strong wind, or gale, coming from the northeast. Northeasterly North`east"er*ly, a. Pertaining to the northeast; toward the northeast, or coming from the northeast. Northeasterly North`east"er*ly, adv. Toward the northeast. Northeastern North`east"ern (?), a. Of or pertaining to the northeast; northeasterly. Northeastward, Northeastwardly North`east"ward (?), North`east"ward*ly (?), adv. Toward the northeast. Norther North"er (?), n. A wind from the north; esp., a strong and cold north wind in Texas and the vicinity of the Gulf of Mexico. Northerliness North"er*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being northerly; direction toward the north. Northerly North"er*ly, a. Of or pertaining to the north; toward the north, or from the north; northern. Northerly North"er*ly, adv. Toward the north. Northern North"ern (?), a. [AS. nor&edh;erne.] 1. Of or pertaining to the north; being in the north, or nearer to that point than to the east or west. 2. In a direction toward the north; as, to steer a northern course; coming from the north; as, a northern wind. Northern diver. (Zo\'94l.) See Loon. -- Northern lights. See Aurora borealis, under Aurora. -- Northern spy (Bot.), an excellent American apple, of a yellowish color, marked with red. Northerner North"ern*er (?), n. 1. One born or living in the north. 2. A native or inhabitant of the Northern States; -- contradistinguished from Southerner. [U. S.] Northernly North"ern*ly, adv. Northerly. [Obs.] Hakewill. Northernmost North"ern*most` (?), a. [Cf. Northmost.] Farthest north. Northing North"ing, n. 1. (Surv. & Navigation) Distance northward from any point of departure or of reckoning, measured on a meridian; -- opposed to southing. 2. (Astron.) The distance of any heavenly body from the equator northward; north declination. Northman North"man (?), n.; pl. Northmen (#). [AS. nor&edh;man. See North, and Man, and cf. Norman.] One of the inhabitants of the north of Europe; esp., one of the ancient Scandinavians; a Norseman. Northmost North"most` (?), a. [AS. nor. Cf.Aftermost.] Lying farthest north; northernmost. Northmost part of the coast of Mozambique. De Foe. Northness North"ness, n. A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point to the north. Faraday. Northumbrian North*um"bri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Northumberland in England. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Northumberland. Northward North"ward (?), a. [AS. nor&edh;weard.] Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west point. Northward, Northwards North"ward (?), North"wards (?), adv. Toward the north, or toward a point nearer to the north than to the east or west point. Northwardly North"ward*ly, a. Having a northern direction. Northwardly North"ward*ly, adv. In a northern direction. Northwest North`west" (?), n. [AS. nor&edh;west.] The point in the horizon between the north and west, and equally distant from each; the northwest part or region. Northwest North`west", a. 1. Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the point between the north and west; being in the northwest; toward the northwest, or coming from the northwest; as, the northwest coast. 2. Coming from the northwest; as, a northwest wind. Northwest passage, a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of America, long sought for by navigators. Northwest North`west", adv. Toward the northwest. Northwester North`west"er (?), n. A storm or gale from the northwest; a strong northwest wind. Northwesterly North`west"er*ly, a. Toward the northwest, or from the northwest. Northwestern North`west"ern (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or being in, the northwest; in a direction toward the northwest; coming from the northwest; northwesterly; as, a northwestern course. Northwestward, Northwestwardly North`west"ward (?), North`west"ward*ly (?), adv. Toward the northwest. Norwegian Nor*we"gi*an (?), a. [Cf. Icel. Noregr, Norvegr, Norway. See North, and Way.] Of or pertaining to Norway, its inhabitants, or its language. Norwegian Nor*we"gi*an, n. 1. A native of Norway. 2. That branch of the Scandinavian language spoken in Norway. Norwegium Nor*we"gi*um (?), n. [NL. See Norwegian.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of doubtful identification, said to occur in the copper-nickel of Norway. Norweyan Nor*we"yan (?), a. Norwegian. [Obs.] Shak. Nose Nose (?), n. [AS. nosu; akin to D. neus, G. nase, OHG. nasa, Icel. n\'94s, Sw. n\'84sa, Dan. n\'84se, Lith. nosis, Russ. nos', L. nasus, nares, Skr. n\'bes\'be, n\'bes. Nasal, Nasturtium, Naze, Nostril, Nozzle.] 1. (Anat.) The prominent part of the face or anterior extremity of the head containing the nostrils and olfactory cavities; the olfactory organ. See Nostril, and Olfactory organ under Olfactory. 2. The power of smelling; hence, scent. We are not offended with a dog for a better nose than his master. Collier. 3. A projecting end or beak at the front of an object; a snout; a nozzle; a spout; as, the nose of a bellows; the nose of a teakettle. Nose bit (Carp.), a bit similar to a gouge bit, but having a cutting edge on one side of its boring end. -- Nose hammer (Mach.), a frontal hammer. -- Nose hole (Glass Making), a small opening in a furnace, before which a globe of crown glass is held and kept soft at the beginning of the flattening process. -- Nose key (Carp.), a fox wedge. -- Nose leaf (Zo\'94l.), a thin, broad, membranous fold of skin on the nose of many species of bats. It varies greatly in size and form. -- Nose of wax, fig., a person who is pliant and easily influenced. "A nose of wax to be turned every way." Massinger -- Nose piece, the nozzle of a pipe, hose, bellows, etc.; the end piece of a microscope body, to which an objective is attached. -- To hold, put, OR bring one's nose to the grindstone. See under Grindstone. -- To lead by the nose, to lead at pleasure, or to cause to follow submissively; to lead blindly, as a person leads a beast. Shak. -- To put one's nose out of joint, to humiliate one's pride, esp. by supplanting one in the affections of another. [Slang] -- To thrust one's nose into, to meddle officiously in. -- To wipe one's nose of, to deprive of; to rob. [Slang]<-- on the nose, (a) exactly, accurately; (b) (racing) to win, opposed to "to place" or "to show" --> Nose Nose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nosing.] 1. To smell; to scent; hence, to track, or trace out. 2. To touch with the nose; to push the nose into or against; hence, to interfere with; to treat insolently. Lambs . . . nosing the mother's udder. Tennyson. A sort of national convention, dubious in its nature . . . nosed Parliament in the very seat of its authority. Burke. 3. To utter in a nasal manner; to pronounce with a nasal twang; as, to nose a prayer. [R.] Cowley. <-- nose around, to look around, search --> Nose Nose (n&omac;z), v. i. 1. To smell; to sniff; to scent. Audubon. 2. To pry officiously into what does not concern one. Nosebag Nose"bag` (?), n. A bag in which feed for a horse, ox, or the like, may be fastened under the nose by a string passing over the head. Noseband Nose"band` (?), n. That part of the headstall of a bridle which passes over a horse's nose. Nosebleed Nose"bleed` (?), n. 1. A bleeding at the nose. 2. (Bot.) The yarrow. See Yarrow. Nosed Nosed (?), a. Having a nose, or such a nose; -- chieflay used in composition; as, pug-nosed. Nosegay Nose"gay` (?), n. [Nose + gay in the sense of a gay or showy thing.] A bunch of odorous and showy flowers; a bouquet; a posy. Pope. Nosel Nos"el (?), v. t. [See Noursle.] To nurse; to lead or teach; to foster; to nuzzle. [Obs.] If any man use the Scripture . . . to nosel thee in anything save in Christ, he is a false prophet. Tyndale. Noseless Nose"less (?), a. Destitute of a nose. Nosesmart Nose"smart` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of cress, a pungent cruciferous plant, including several species of the genus Nasturtium. Nosethirl, Nosethril Nose"thirl (?), Nose"thril (?), n. Nostril. [Obs.] [Written also nosethurl, nosthrill.] Chaucer. Nosing Nos"ing (?), n. (Arch.) That part of the treadboard of a stair which projects over the riser; hence, any like projection, as the projecting edge of a molding. Nosle No"sle (?), n. [See Nozzle, Nose.] Nozzle. [Obs.] Nosocomial Nos`o*co"mi*al (?), a. [L. nosocomium a hospital, Gr. Of or pertaining to a hospital; as, nosocomial atmosphere. Dunglison. Nosography No*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. nosographie.] A description or classification of diseases. Nosological Nos`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. nosologique.] Of or pertaining to nosology. Nosologist No*sol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. nosologiste.] One versed in nosology. Nosology No*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. nosologie.] 1. A systematic arrangement, or classification, of diseases. 2. That branch of medical science which treats of diseases, or of the classification of diseases. Nosopoetic Nos`o*po*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. Producing diseases. [R.] Arbuthnot. Nost Nost (?). [Contr. from ne wost.] Wottest not; knowest not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nostalgia Nos*tal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Homesickness; esp., a severe and sometimes fatal form of melancholia, due to homesickness. Nostalgic Nos*tal"gic (?), a. [Cf. F. nostalgique.] Of or pertaining to nostalgia; affected with nostalgia. Nostalgy Nos*tal"gy (?), n. Same as Nostalgia. Nostoc Nos"toc (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) A genus of alg\'91. The plants are composed of moniliform cells imbedded in a gelatinous substance. NOTE: &hand; No stoc co mmune is fo und on th e gr ound, an d is ordinarily not seen; but after a rain it swells up into a conspicuous jellylike mass, whish was formerly supposed to have fallen from the sky, whence the popular names, fallen star and star jelly. Also called witches' butter. Nostril Nos"tril (?), n. [OE. nosethril, nosethirl, AS. nospyrl; nos for nosu nose + pyrel opening, hole, from pyrel pierced, for pyrhel, fr. purh through. Nose, and Through, and cf. Thrill.] 1. (Anat.) One of the external openings of the nose, which give passage to the air breathed and to secretions from the nose and eyes; one of the anterior nares. NOTE: &hand; In sperm whales, porpoises, and allied animals, there is only one nostril, which is situated on the top of the head and called a spiracle. 2. Perception; insight; acuteness. [Obs.] Methinks a man Of your sagacity and clear nostril should Have made another choice. B. Jonson. Nostrum Nos"trum (?) n.; pl. Nostrums (#). [Neut. sing. of L. noster ours, fr. nos we. See Us.] 1. A medicine, the ingredients of which are kept secret for the purpose of restricting the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor; a quack medicine. 2. Any scheme or device proposed by a quack. The incentives of agitators, the arts of impostors and the nostrums of quacks. Brougham. <-- 3. any scheme asserted to solve a problem, but with no objective basis for belief in its effectiveness; esp., in politics, a scheme likely to prove popular with voters. --> Not Not (?). [Contr. from ne wot. See 2d Note.] Wot not; know not; knows not. [Obs.] Chaucer. Not Not, a. Shorn; shaven. [Obs.] See Nott. Not Not, adv. [OE. not, noht, nought, naught, the same word as E. naught. See Naught.] A word used to express negation, prohibition, denial, or refusal. Not one word spake he more than was need. Chaucer. Thou shalt not steal. Ex. xx. 15. Thine eyes are upon me, and I am not. Job vii. 8. The question is, may I do it, or may I not do it? Bp. Sanderson. Not . . . but, OR Not but, only. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chaucer. Notabilia No`ta*bil"i*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. of L. notabilis notable.] Things worthy of notice. Notability Not`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Notabilities (#). [Cf. F. notabilit\'82 .] 1. Quality of being notable. 2. A notable, or remarkable, person or thing; a person of note. "Parisian notabilities" Carlyle. 3. A notable saying. [Obs.] Chaucer. Notable Not"a*ble (?), a. [F. notable, L. notabilis, fr. notare to mark, nota mark, note. See 5th Note.] 1. Capable of being noted; noticeable; plan; evident. _________________________________________________________________ Page 983 2. Worthy of notice; remarkable; memorable; noted or distinguished; as, a notable event, person. NOTE: &hand; No table in th e se nse of ca reful, th rifty, characterized by thrift and capacity (as, a notable housekeeper) is pronounced by many good ortho\'89pists, n&ocr;t"&adot;*b'l, the derivatives notableness, and notably, being also similarly pronounced with short o in the first syllable. 3. Well-known; notorious. [Obs.] Chaucer. Notable Not"a*ble (?), n. 1. A person, or thing, of distinction. 2. (French Hist.) One of a number of persons, before the revolution of 1789, chiefly of the higher orders, appointed by the king to constitute a representative body. Notableness Not"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being notable. Notably Not"a*bly, adv. In a notable manner. Not\'91um No*t\'91"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The back or upper surface, as of a bird. Notal No"tal (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the back; dorsal. Notandum No*tan"dum (?), n.; pl. Notanda (#). [L., fr. notare to observe.] A thing to be noted or observed; a notable fact; -- chiefly used in the plural. Notarial No*ta"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. notarial.] Of or pertaining to a notary; done or taken by a notary; as, a notarial seal; notarial evidence or attestation. Notarially No*ta"ri*al*ly, adv. In a notarial manner. Notary No"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Notaries (#). [F. notaire, L. notarius notary (in sense 1), fr. nota mark. See 5th Note.] 1. One who records in shorthand what is said or done; as, the notary of an ecclesiastical body. 2. (Eng. & Am. Law) A public officer who attests or certifies deeds and other writings, or copies of them, usually under his official seal, to make them authentic, especially in foreign countries. His duties chiefly relate to instruments used in commercial transactions, such as protests of negotiable paper, ship's papers in cases of loss, damage, etc. He is generally called a notary public. Notate No"tate (?), a. [L. notatus marked, p. p. of notare to mark. See 5th Note.] (Bot.) Marked with spots or lines, which are often colored. Henslow. Notation No*ta"tion (?), n. [L. notatio a marking, observing, etymology, fr. notare to mark, nota a mark: cf. F. notation. See 5th Note.] 1. The act or practice of recording anything by marks, figures, or characters. 2. Any particular system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated expressions used in art or science, to express briefly technical facts, quantities, etc. Esp., the system of figures, letters, and signs used in arithmetic and algebra to express number, quantity, or operations. 3. Literal or etymological signification. [Obs.] "Conscience" is a Latin word, and, according to the very notation of it, imports a double or joint knowledge. South. Notch Notch (?), n. [Akin to nock; cf. OD. nock, OSw. nocka. Cf. Nick a notch.] 1. A hollow cut in anything; a nick; an indentation. And on the stick ten equal notches makes. Swift. 2. A narrow passage between two elevation; a deep, close pass; a defile; as, the notch of a mountain. Notch Notch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Notched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Notching.] 1. To cut or make notches in ; to indent; also, to score by notches; as, to notch a stick. 2. To fit the notch of (an arrow) to the string. God is all sufferance; here he doth show No arrow notched, only a stringless bow. Herrick. Notchboard Notch"board` (?), n. (Carp.) The board which receives the ends of the steps in a staircase. Notching Notch"ing, n. 1. The act of making notches; the act of cutting into small hollows. 2. The small hollow, or hollows, cut; a notch or notches. 3. (Carp.) A method of joining timbers, scantling, etc., by notching them, as at the ends, and overlapping or interlocking the notched portions. 4. (Engin.) A method of excavating, as in a bank, by a series of cuttings side by side. See also Gulleting. Notchweed Notch"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A foul-smelling weed, the stinking goosefoot (Chenopodium Vulvaria). Note Note (?), v. t. [AS. hn\'c6tan to strike against, imp. hn\'bet.] To butt; to push with the horns. [Prov. Eng.] Note Note (?). [AS. n\'bet; ne not + w\'bet wot. See Not, and Wot.] Know not; knows not. [Obs.] Note Note, n. Nut. [Obs.] Chaucer. Note Note, n. [AS. notu use, profit.] Need; needful business. [Obs.] Chaucer. Note Note, n. [F. note, L. nota; akin to noscere, notum, to know. See Know.] 1. A mark or token by which a thing may be known; a visible sign; a character; a distinctive mark or feature; a characteristic quality. Whosoever appertain to the visible body of the church, they have also the notes of external profession. Hooker. She [the Anglican church] has the note of possession, the note of freedom from party titles,the note of life -- a tough life and a vigorous. J. H. Newman. What a note of youth, of imagination, of impulsive eagerness, there was through it all ! Mrs. Humphry Ward. 2. A mark, or sign, made to call attention, to point out something to notice, or the like; a sign, or token, proving or giving evidence. 3. A brief remark; a marginal comment or explanation; hence, an annotation on a text or author; a comment; a critical, explanatory, or illustrative observation. The best writers have been perplexed with notes, and obscured with illustrations. Felton. 4. A brief writing intended to assist the memory; a memorandum; a minute. 5. pl. Hence, a writing intended to be used in speaking; memoranda to assist a speaker, being either a synopsis, or the full text of what is to be said; as, to preach from notes; also, a reporter's memoranda; the original report of a speech or of proceedings. 6. A short informal letter; a billet. 7. A diplomatic missive or written communication. 8. A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt, and promising payment; as, a promissory note; a note of hand; a negotiable note. 9. A list of items or of charges; an account. [Obs.] Here is now the smith's note for shoeing. Shak. 10. (Mus.) (a) A character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch. Hence: (b) A musical sound; a tone; an utterance; a tune. (c) A key of the piano or organ. The wakeful bird . . . tunes her nocturnal note. Milton. That note of revolt against the eighteenth century, which we detect in Goethe, was struck by Winckelmann. W. Pater. 11. Observation; notice; heed. Give orders to my servants that they take No note at all of our being absent hence. Shak. 12. Notification; information; intelligence. [Obs.] The king . . . shall have note of this. Shak. 13. State of being under observation. [Obs.] Small matters . . . continually in use and in note. Bacon. 14. Reputation; distinction; as, a poet of note. There was scarce a family of note which had not poured out its blood on the field or the scaffold. Prescott. 15. Stigma; brand; reproach. [Obs.] Shak. Note of hand, a promissory note. Note Note (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noted; p. pr. & vb. n. Noting.] [F. noter, L. notare, fr. nota. See Note, n.] 1. To notice with care; to observe; to remark; to heed; to attend to. Pope. No more of that; I have noted it well. Shak. 2. To record in writing; to make a memorandum of. Every unguarded word . . . was noted down. Maccaulay. 3. To charge, as with crime (with of or for before the thing charged); to brand. [Obs.] They were both noted of incontinency. Dryden. 4. To denote; to designate. Johnson. 5. To annotate. [R.] W. H. Dixon. 6. To set down in musical characters. To note a bill OR draft, to record on the back of it a refusal of acceptance, as the ground of a protest, which is done officially by a notary. Notebook Note"book` (?), n. 1. A book in which notes or memorandums are written. 2. A book in which notes of hand are registered. Noted Not"ed (?), a. Well known by reputation or report; eminent; celebrated; as, a noted author, or traveler. -- Not"ed*ly, adv. -- Not"ed*ness, n. Noteful Note"ful (?), a. Useful. [Obs.] Chaucer. Noteless Note"less, a. Not attracting notice; not conspicuous. Noteless as the race from which he sprung. Sir W. Scott. Notelessness Note"less*ness, n. A state of being noteless. Notelet Note"let (?), n. A little or short note; a billet. Note paper Note" pa`per (?). Writing paper, not exceeding in size, when folded once, five by eight inches. Noter Not"er (?), n. 1. One who takes notice. 2. An annotator. [Obs.] Noteworthy Note"wor`thy (?), a. Worthy of observation or notice; remarkable. Nother Noth"er (?), conj. Neither; nor. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nothing Noth"ing (?), n. [From no, a. + thing.] 1. Not anything; no thing (in the widest sense of the word thing); -- opposed to anything and something. Yet had his aspect nothing of severe. Dryden. 2. Nonexistence; nonentity; absence of being; nihility; nothingness. Shak. 3. A thing of no account, value, or note; something irrelevant and impertinent; something of comparative unimportance; utter insignificance; a trifle. Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of nought. Is. xli. 24. 'T is nothing, says the fool; but, says the friend, This nothing, sir, will bring you to your end. Dryden. 4. (Arith.) A cipher; naught. Nothing but, only; no more than. Chaucer. -- To make nothing of. (a) To make no difficulty of; to consider as trifling or important. "We are industrious to preserve our bodies from slavery, but we make nothing of suffering our souls to be slaves to our lusts." Ray. (b) Not to understand; as, I could make nothing of what he said. Nothing Noth"ing, adv. In no degree; not at all; in no wise. Adam, with such counsel nothing swayed. Milton. The influence of reason in producing our passions is nothing near so extensive as is commonly believed. Burke. Nothing off (Naut.), an order to the steersman to keep the vessel close to the wind. Nothingarian Noth`ing*a"ri*an (?), n. One of no certain belief; one belonging to no particular sect. Nothingism Noth"ing*ism (?), n. Nihility; nothingness. [R.] Nothingness Noth"ing*ness, n. 1. Nihility; nonexistence. 2. The state of being of no value; a thing of no value. Notice No"tice (?), n. [F., fr. L. notitia a being known, knowledge, fr. noscere, notum, to know. See Know.] 1. The act of noting, remarking, or observing; observation by the senses or intellect; cognizance; note. How ready is envy to mingle with the notices we take of other persons ! I. Watts. 2. Intelligence, by whatever means communicated; knowledge given or received; means of knowledge; express notification; announcement; warning. I . . . have given him notice that the Duke of Cornwall and Regan his duchess will be here. Shak. 3. An announcement, often accompanied by comments or remarks; as, book notices; theatrical notices. 4. A writing communicating information or warning. 5. Attention; respectful treatment; civility. To take notice of, to perceive especially; to observe or treat with particular attention. Syn. -- Attention; regard; remark; note; heed; consideration; respect; civility; intelligence; advice; news. Notice No"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Noticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Noticing (?).] 1. To observe; to see to mark; to take note of; to heed; to pay attention to. 2. To show that one has observed; to take public note of; remark upon; to make comments on; to refer to; as, to notice a book. This plant deserves to be noticed in this place. Tooke. Another circumstance was noticed in connection with the suggestion last discussed. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. To treat with attention and civility; as, to notice strangers. Syn. -- To remark; observe; perceive; see; mark; note; mind; regard; heed; mention. See Remark. Noticeable No"tice*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being observed; worthy of notice; likely to attract observation; conspicous. A noticeable man, with large gray eyes. Wordsworth. Noticeably No"tice*a*bly, adv. In a noticeable manner. Noticer No"ti*cer (?), n. One who notices. Notidanian No`ti*da"ni*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of sharks of the family Notidanid\'91, or Hexanchid\'91. Called also cow sharks. See Shark. Notification No`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. notification. See Notify.] 1. The act of notifying, or giving notice; the act of making known; especially, the act of giving official notice or information to the public or to individuals, corporations, companies, or societies, by words, by writing, or by other means. 2. Notice given in words or writing, or by signs. 3. The writing which communicates information; an advertisement, or citation, etc. Notify No"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Notified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Notifying (?).] [F. notifier, L. notificare; notus known (p. p. of noscere to known) + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Know, and -fy.] 1. To make known; to declare; to publish; as, to notify a fact to a person. No law can bind till it be notified or promulged. Sowth. 2. To give notice to; to inform by notice; to apprise; as, the constable has notified the citizens to meet at the city hall; the bell notifies us of the time of meeting. The President of the United States has notified the House of Representatives that he has approved and signed the act. Journal of the Senate, U. S. NOTE: &hand; Th is application of notify has been condemned; but it is in constant good use in the United States, and in perfect accordance with the use of certify. Notion No"tion (?), [L. notio, fr. noscere to know: cf. F. notion. See Know.] 1. Mental apprehension of whatever may be known or imagined; an idea; a conception; more properly, a general or universal conception, as distinguishable or definable by marks or not\'91. What hath been generally agreed on, I content myself to assume under the notion of principles. Sir I. Newton. Few agree in their notions about these words. Cheyne. That notion of hunger, cold, sound, color, thought, wish, or fear which is in the mind, is called the "idea" of hunger, cold, etc. I. Watts. Notion, again, signifies either the act of apprehending, signalizing, that is, the remarking or taking note of, the various notes, marks, or characters of an object which its qualities afford, or the result of that act. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. A sentiment; an opinion. The extravagant notion they entertain of themselves. Addison. A perverse will easily collects together a system of notions to justify itself in its obliquity. J. H. Newman. 3. Sense; mind. [Obs.] Shak. 4. An invention; an ingenious device; a knickknack; as, Yankee notions. [Colloq.] 5. Inclination; intention; disposition; as, I have a notion to do it. [Colloq.] Notional No"tion*al (?), a. 1. Consisting of, or conveying, notions or ideas; expressing abstract conceptions. 2. Existing in idea only; visionary; whimsical. Discourses of speculative and notional things. Evelyn. 3. Given to foolish or visionary expectations; whimsical; fanciful; as, a notional man. Notionality No`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. A notional or groundless opinion. [R.] Glanvill. Notionally No"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In mental apprehension; in conception; not in reality. Two faculties . . . notionally or really distinct. Norris. Notionate No"tion*ate (?), a. Notional. [R.] Notionist No"tion*ist, n. One whose opinions are ungrounded notions. [R.] Bp. Hopkins. Notist No"tist (?), n. An annotator. [Obs.] Notobranchiata No`to*bran`chi*a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Notum, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A division of nudibranchiate mollusks having gills upon the back. (b) The Dorsibranchiata. Notobranchiate No`to*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Notobranchiata. Notochord No"to*chord (?), n. [Gr. chord.] (Anat.) An elastic cartilagelike rod which is developed beneath the medullary groove in the vertebrate embryo, and constitutes the primitive axial skeleton around which the centra of the vertebr\'91 and the posterior part of the base of the skull are developed; the chorda dorsalis. See Illust. of Ectoderm. Notochordal No`to*chor"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the notochord; having a notochord. Notodontian No`to*don"tian (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of bombycid moths belonging to Notodonta, Nerice, and allied genera. The caterpillar of these moths has a hump, or spine, on its back. Notopodium No`to*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. L. Notopodia (#), E. Notopodiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The dorsal lobe or branch of a parapodium. See Parapodium. Notorhizal No`to*rhi"zal (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the embryo lying against the back of one of the cotyledons; incumbent. _________________________________________________________________ Page 984 Notoriety No`to*ri"e*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. notori\'82t\'82. See Notorious.] The quality or condition of being notorious; the state of being generally or publicly known; -- commonly used in an unfavorable sense; as, the notoriety of a crime. They were not subjects in their own nature so exposed to public notoriety. Addison. Notorious No*to"ri*ous (?), a. [L. notorius pointing out, making known, fr. noscere, notum, to known: cf. F. notoire. See Know.] Generally known and talked of by the public; universally believed to be true; manifest to the world; evident; -- usually in an unfavorable sense; as, a notorious thief; a notorious crime or vice. Your goodness, Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. Shak. Syn. -- Distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; celebrated; noted; famous; renowned.<-- infamous is an extreme sense --> -- No*to"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- No*to"ri*ous*ness, n. Notornis No*tor"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds allied to the gallinules, but having rudimentary wings and incapable of flight. Notornis Mantelli was first known as a fossil bird of New Zealand, but subsequently a few individuals were found living on the southern island. It is supposed to be now nearly or quite extinct. Nototherium No`to*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extinct genus of gigantic herbivorous marsupials, found in the Pliocene formation of Australia. Nototrema No`to*tre"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The pouched, or marsupial, frog of South America. Not-pated, Nott-pated Not"-pat`ed (?), Nott"-pat`ed, a. Same as Nott-headed. [Obs.] Shak. Notself Not"self` (?), n. (Metaph.) The negative of self. "A cognizance of notself." Sir. W. Hamilton. Nott Nott (?), a. [AS. hnot shorn.] Shorn. [Obs.] Nott Nott, v. t. To shear. [Obs.] Stow. Nott-headed Nott"-head`ed (?), a. Having the hair cut close. [Obs.] Chapman. Notturno Not*tur"no (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) Same as Nocturne. Notum No"tum (?), n.; pl. Nota (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The back. Notus No"tus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. The south wind. Notwheat Not"wheat` (?), n. [Nott + wheat.] Wheat not bearded. Carew. Notwithstanding Not`with*stand"ing (?), prep. Without prevention, or obstruction from or by; in spite of. We gentil women bee Loth to displease any wight, Notwithstanding our great right. Chaucer's Dream. Those on whom Christ bestowed miraculous cures were so transported that their gratitude made them, notwithstanding his prohibition, proclaim the wonders he had done. Dr. H. More. NOTE: &hand; Notwithstanding was, by Johnson and Webster, viewed as a participle absolute, an English equivalent of the Latin non obstante. Its several meanings, either as preposition, adverb, or conjunction, are capable of being explained in this view. Later grammarians, while admitting that the word was originally a participle, and can be treated as such, prefer to class it as a preposition or disjunctive conjunction. Syn. -- In spite of; despite. -- Notwithstanding, In spite of, Despite. These words and phrases are often interchanged, but there is a difference between them, chiefly in strength. Notwithstanding is the weaker term, and simply points to some obstacle that may exist; as, I shall go, notwithstanding the rain. In spite or despite of has reference primarily to active opposition to be encountered from others; as, "I'll be, in man's despite, a monarch; " "I'll keep mine own, despite of all the world." Shak. Hence, these words, when applied to things, suppose greater opposition than notwithstanding. We should say. "He was thrust rudely out of doors in spite of his entreaties," rather than "notwithstanding". On the other hand, it would be more civil to say, "Notwithstanding all you have said, I must still differ with you."<-- only notwithstanding can be used postpositively --> Notwithstanding Not`with*stand"ing, adv. OR conj. [Originally the participle of withstand, with not prefixed.] Nevertheless; however; although; as, I shall go, notwithstanding it rains. I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant. Notwithstanding, in thy days I will not do it. 1 Kings xi. 11, 12. They which honor the law as an image of the wisdom of God himself, are, notwithstanding, to know that the same had an end in Christ. Hooker. You did wisely and honestly too, notwithstanding She is the greatest beauty in the parish. Fielding. Notwithstanding that, notwithstanding; although. These days were ages to him, notwithstanding that he was basking in the smiles of the pretty Mary. W. Irving. Nouch Nouch (?), n. [See Ouch.] An ouch; a jewel. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nougat Nou`gat" (?), n. [F.] A cake, sweetmeat, or confecti\'a2n made with almonds or other nuts. Nought Nought (?), n. & adv. See Naught. Chaucer. Nould Nould (?). [Contr. fr. ne would.] Would not. [Obs.] "By those who nould repent." Fairfax. Noule Noule (?), n. [See Noll.] The top of the head; the head or noll. [Obs.] Spenser. Noumenal Nou"me*nal (?), a. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to the noumenon; real; -- opposed to phenomenal. G. H. Lewes. Noumenon Nou"me*non (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. (Metaph.) The of itself unknown and unknowable rational object, or thing in itself, which is distinguished from the phenomenon through which it is apprehended by the senses, and by which it is interpreted and understood; -- so used in the philosophy of Kant and his followers. Noun Noun (?), n. [OF. noun, nun, num, non, nom, F. nom, fr. L. nomen name. See Name.] (Gram.) A word used as the designation or appellation of a creature or thing, existing in fact or in thought; a substantive. NOTE: &hand; By so me gr ammarians th e term noun is so used as to include adjectives, as being descriptive; but in general it is limited to substantives. Nounal Noun"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a noun. Verbs which in whole or in part have shed their old nounal coat. Earle. Nounize Noun"ize (?), v. t. To change (an adjective, verb, etc.) into a noun. Earle.<-- = nominalize --> Nourice Nour"ice (?), n. A nurse. [Obs.] Spenser. Nourish Nour"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nourished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nourishing.] [OE. norisen, norischen, OF. nurir, nurrir, norir, F. norrir, fr. L. nutrire. Cf. Nurse, Nutriment, and see -ish.] 1. To feed and cause to grow; to supply with matter which increases bulk or supplies waste, and promotes health; to furnish with nutriment. He planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it. Is. xliv. 14. 2. To support; to maintain. Whiles I in Ireland nourish a mighty band. Shak. 3. To supply the means of support and increase to; to encourage; to foster; as, to nourish rebellion; to nourish the virtues. "Nourish their contentions." Hooker. 4. To cherish; to comfort. Ye have nourished your hearts. James v. 5. 5. To educate; to instruct; to bring up; to nurture; to promote the growth of in attainments. Chaucer. Nourished up in the words of faith. 1 Tim. iv. 6. Syn. -- To cherish; feed; supply. See Nurture. Nourish Nour"ish, v. i. 1. To promote growth; to furnish nutriment. Grains and roots nourish more than their leaves. Bacon. 2. To gain nourishment. [R.] Bacon. Nourish Nour"ish, n. A nurse. [Obs.] Hoolland. Nourishable Nour"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. nourrissable.] 1. Capable of being nourished; as, the nourishable parts of the body. Grew. 2. Capable of giving nourishment. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Nourisher Nour"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, nourishes. Milton. Nourishing Nour"ish*ing, a. Promoting growth; nutritious, Nourishingly Nour"ish*ing*ly, adv. Nutritively; cherishingly. Nourishment Nour"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. norrissement.] 1. The act of nourishing, or the state of being nourished; nutrition. 2. That which serves to nourish; nutriment; food. Learn to seek the nourishment of their souls. Hooker. Nouriture Nour"i*ture (?), n. Nurture. [Obs.] Spenser. Noursle Nour"sle (?), v. t. [Freq., fr. OE. nourse. See Nurse.] To nurse; to rear; to bring up. [Obs.] [Written also nosel, nousel, nousle, nowsle, nusle, nuzzle, etc.] She noursled him till years he raught. Spenser. Nous Nous (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Intellect; understanding; talent; -- used humorously. Nousel, Nousle Nous"el, Nou"sle (?), v. t. [See Noose.] To insnare; to entrap. [Obs.] Johnson. Nouthe, Nowthe Nou"the, Now"the (?), adv. [Now + the.] Just now; at present. [Obs.] But thereof needeth not to speak as nouthe. Chaucer. Novaculite No*vac"u*lite (?), n. [L. novacula a sharp knife, razor: cf. F. novaculite.] (Min.) A variety of siliceous slate, of which hones are made; razor stone; Turkey stone; hone stone; whet slate. Novatian No*va"tian (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the sect of Novatius, or Novatianus, who held that the lapsed might not be received again into communion with the church, and that second marriages are unlawful. Novatianism No*va"tian*ism (?), n. The doctrines or principles of the Novatians. Milner. Novation No*va"tion (?), n. [L. novatio; novus new: cf. F. novation.] 1. Innovation. [Obs.] I shall easily grant that novations in religion are a main cause of distempers in commonwealths. Laud. 2. (Law) A substitution of a new debt for an old one; also, the remodeling of an old obligation. Novator No*va"tor (?), n. An innovator. [Obs.] Novel Nov"el (?), a. [OF. novel, nuvel, F. nouvel, nouveau, L. novellus, dim. of novus new. See New.] Of recent origin or introduction; not ancient; new; hence, out of the ordinary course; unusual; strange; surprising. NOTE: &hand; In civil law, the novel or new constitutions are those which are supplemental to the code, and posterior in time to the other books. These contained new decrees of successive emperors. Novel assignment (Law), a new assignment or specification of a suit. Syn. -- New; recent; modern; fresh; strange; uncommon; rare; unusual. -- Novel, New . Everything at its first occurrence is new; that is novel which is so much out of the ordinary course as to strike us with surprise. That is a new sight which is beheld for the first time; that is a novel sight which either was never seen before or is seen but seldom. We have daily new inventions, but a novel one supposes some very peculiar means of attaining its end. Novel theories are regarded with distrust, as likely to prove more ingenious than sound. Novel Nov"el, n. [F. nouvelle. See Novel, a.] 1. That which is new or unusual; a novelty. 2. pl. News; fresh tidings. [Obs.] Some came of curiosity to hear some novels. Latimer. 3. A fictitious tale or narrative, professing to be conformed to real life; esp., one intended to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly of love. Dryden. 4. [L. novellae (sc. constitutiones): cf. F. novelles.] (Law) A new or supplemental constitution. See the Note under Novel, a. Novelette Nov`el*ette" (?), n. [Dim. of novel, n. See Novel.] A short novel. Novelism Nov"el*ism (?), n. Innovation. [Obs.] Novelist Nov"el*ist, n. 1. An innovator; an asserter of novelty. [Obs.] Cudworth. 2. [Cf. F. nouvelliste, It. novellista.] A writer of news. [Obs.] Tatler (178). 3. [Cf. F. nouvelliste.] A writer of a novel or novels. Novelize Nov"el*ize (?), v. i. To innovate. [Obs.] Novelize Nov"el*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Novelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Novelizing (?).] 1. To innovate. [Obs.] 2. To put into the form of novels; to represent by fiction. "To novelize history." Sir J. Herschel. Novelry Nov"el*ry (?), n. [OF. novelerie.] Novelty; new things. [Obs.] Chaucer. Novelty Nov"el*ty (?), n.; pl. Novelties (#). [OF. novelt\'82, F. nouveaut\'82, L. novellitas.] 1. The quality or state of being novel; newness; freshness; recentness of origin or introduction. Novelty is the great parent of pleasure. South. 2. Something novel; a new or strange thing. November No*vem"ber (?), n. [L. November, or Novembris (sc. mensis), the ninth month of the old Roman year, which began with March, fr. novem nine: cf. F. Novembre. See Nine.] The eleventh month of the year, containing thirty days. Novenary Nov"e*na*ry (?), a. [L. novenarius, from novem nine.] Of or pertaining to the number nine. Novenary Nov"e*na*ry, n. The number of nine units; nine, collectively. Novene No"vene (?), a. [L. novenus nine each, in LL., ninth, fr. L. novem nine.] Relating to, or dependent on, the number nine; novenary. [R.] The triple and novene division ran throughout. Milman. Novennial No*ven"ni*al (?), a. [L. novennis of nine years; novem nine + annus year.] Done or recurring every ninth year. Novercal No*ver"cal (?), a. [L. novennis of nine years; novem nine + annus year.] Done or recurring every ninth year. Novercal No*ver"cal (?), a. [L. novercalis, from noverca a stepmother.] Of or pertaining to a stepmother; suitable to, or in the manner of, a stepmother. Derham. Novice Nov"ice (?), n. [F., from L. novicius, novitius, new, from novus new. See New, and cf. Novitious.] 1. One who is new in any business, profession, or calling; one unacquainted or unskilled; one yet in the rudiments; a beginner; a tyro. I am young; a novice in the trade. Dryden. 2. One newly received into the church, or one newly converted to the Christian faith. 1 Tim. iii. 6. 3. (Eccl.) One who enters a religious house, whether of monks or nuns, as a probationist. Shipley. No poore cloisterer, nor no novys. Chaucer. Novice Nov"ice, a. Like a novice; becoming a novice. [Obs.] Noviceship Nov"ice*ship (?), n. The state of being a novice; novitiate. Novilunar No`vi*lu"nar (?), a. [L. novus new + luna the moon.] Of or pertaining to the new moon. [R.] Novitiate No*vi"ti*ate (?), n. [LL. novitiatus: cf. F. noviciat.] 1. The state of being a novice; time of initiation or instruction in rudiments. 2. Hence: Time of probation in a religious house before taking the vows. 3. One who is going through a novitiate, or period of probation; a novice. Addison. 4. The place where novices live or are trained. [R.] Novitious No*vi"tious (?), a. [L. novitius, novicius.] Newly invented; recent; new. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. Novity Nov"i*ty (?), n. [L. novitas, fr. novus new.] Newness; novelty. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Novum No"vum (?), n. A game at dice, properly called novem quinque (L., nine five), the two principal throws being nine and five. [Obs.] Shak. Now Now (?), adv. [OE. nou, nu, AS. n\'d4, nu; akin to D., OS., & OHG. nu, G. nu, nun, Icel., n\'d4, Dan., Sw., & Goth. nu, L. nunc, Gr. nu, n\'d4. \'fb193. Cf. New.] 1. At the present time; at this moment; at the time of speaking; instantly; as, I will write now. I have a patient now living, at an advanced age, who discharged blood from his lungs thirty years ago. Arbuthnot. 2. Very lately; not long ago. They that but now, for honor and for plate, Made the sea blush with blood, resign their hate. Waller. 3. At a time contemporaneous with something spoken of or contemplated; at a particular time referred to. The ship was now in the midst of the sea. Matt. xiv. 24. 4. In present circumstances; things being as they are; -- hence, used as a connective particle, to introduce an inference or an explanation. How shall any man distinguish now betwixt a parasite and a man of honor ? L'Estrange. Why should he live, now nature bankrupt is ? Shak. Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now, Barabbas was a robber. John xviii. 40. The other great and undoing mischief which befalls men is, by their being misrepresented. Now, by calling evil good, a man is misrepresented to others in the way of slander. South. Now and again, now and then; occasionally. -- Now and now, again and again; repeatedly. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Now and then, at one time and another; indefinitely; occasionally; not often; at intervals. "A mead here, there a heath, and now and then a wood." Drayton. -- Now now, at this very instant; precisely now. [Obs.] "Why, even now now, at holding up of this finger, and before the turning down of this." J. Webster (1607). -- Now . . . now, alternately; at one time . . . at another time. "Now high, now low, now master up, now miss." Pope. Now Now, a. Existing at the present time; present. [R.] "Our now happiness." Glanvill. Now Now, n. The present time or moment; the present. Nothing is there to come, and nothing past; But an eternal now does ever last. Cowley. _________________________________________________________________ Page 985 Nowadays Now"a*days` (?), adv. [For now on (OE. an) days. See A-, 1.] In these days; at the present time. What men of spirit, nowadays, Come to give sober judgment of new plays ? Garrick. Noway, Noways No"way` (?), No"ways` (?), adv. [No, a. + way. Cf. -wards.] In no manner or degree; not at all; nowise. But Ireland will noways allow that name unto it. Fuller. Nowch Nowch (?), n. See Nouch. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nowd Nowd (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European gray gurnard (Trigla gurnardus). [Written also knoud.] Nowed Now"ed (?), a. [F. nou\'82, p. p. of nouer to knot, fr. L. nodare. See Nodated.] (Her.) Knotted; tied in a knot, as a serpent. Nowel Now"el (?), n. [See Noel.] [Written also no\'89l.] 1. Christmas; also, a shout of joy at Christmas for the birth of the Savior. [Obs.] 2. (Mus.) A kind of hymn, or canticle, of medi\'91val origin, sung in honor of the Nativity of our Lord; a Christmas carol. Grove. Nowel Now"el, n. [F. noyau, prop., a kernel. See Noyau, Newel a post.] (Founding) (a) The core, or the inner part, of a mold for casting a large hollow object. (b) The bottom part of a mold or of a flask, in distinction from the cope; the drag. Nowes Nowes (?), n. pl. [From OF. nous. See Noose, Node.] The marriage knot. [Obs.] Crashaw. Nowhere No"where` (?), adv. [AS. n\'behw\'d6r. See No, and Where.] Not anywhere; not in any place or state; as, the book is nowhere to be found. Nowhither No"whith`er (?), adv. [No + whither.] Not anywhither; in no direction; nowhere. [Archaic] "Thy servant went nowhither." 2 Kings v. 25. Nowise No"wise` (?), adv. [For in no wise. See Wise, n.] Not in any manner or degree; in no way; noways. Others whose case is nowise different. Earle. Nowt Nowt (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Neat cattle. Nowthe Now"the (?). See Nouthe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Noxious Nox"ious (?), a. [L. noxius, fr. noxa harm; akin to nocere to harm, hurt. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.] 1. Hurtful; harmful; baneful; pernicious; injurious; destructive; unwholesome; insalubrious; as, noxious air, food, or climate; pernicious; corrupting to morals; as, noxious practices or examples. Too frequent an appearance in places of public resort is noxious to spiritual promotions. Swift. 2. Guilty; criminal. [R.] Those who are noxious in the eye of the law. Abp. Bramhall. Syn. -- Noisome; hurtful; harmful; injurious; destructive; pernicious; mischievous; corrupting; baneful; unwholesome; insalubrious. See Noisome. -- Nox"ious*ly, adv. -- Nox"ious*ness, n. Noy Noy (?), v. t. [See Annoy.] To annoy; to vex. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Piers Plowman. All that noyed his heavy spright. Spenser. Noy Noy, n. That which annoys. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Noyance Noy"ance (?), Annoyance. [Obs.] Spenser. Noyau Noy`au" (?), n. [F., prop., the stone or nut of a fruit, fr. L. nucalis like a nut. See Newel a post.] A cordial of brandy, etc., flavored with the kernel of the bitter almond, or of the peach stone, etc. Noyer Noy"er (?), n. An annoyer. [Obs.] Tusser. Noyful Noy"ful (?), a. Full of annoyance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Noyls Noyls (?), n. pl. See Noils. Noyous Noy"ous (?), a. Annoying; disagreeable. [Obs.] Watch the noyous night, and wait for Spenser. Nozle No"zle (?), n. Nozzle. [Obs.] Nozzle Noz"zle (?), n. [A dim. of nose. &root;261] [Written also nosle.] 1. The nose; the snout; hence, the projecting vent of anything; as, the nozzle of a bellows. 2. Specifically: (a) A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or pipe. (b) A short outlet, or inlet, pipe projecting from the end or side of a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler. Nuance Nu`ance" (?), n. [F.] A shade of difference; a delicate gradation. Nub Nub (?), v. t. [Cf. Knob.] To push; to nudge; also, to beckon. [Prov. Eng.] Nub Nub, n. A jag, or snag; a knob; a protuberance; also, the point or gist, as of a story. [Colloq.] Nubbin Nub"bin (?), n. A small or imperfect ear of maize. [Colloq. U. S.] Nubble Nub"ble (?), v. t. [Cf. LG. nubben to knock, cuff.] To beat or bruise with the fist. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Nubecula Nu*bec"u*la (?), n.; pl. Nubecul\'91 (-l&emac;). [L., dim. of nubes cloud.] 1. (Astron.) (a) A nebula. (b) pl. Specifically, the Magellanic clouds. 2. (Med.) (a) A slight spot on the cornea. (b) A cloudy object or appearance in urine. Dunglison. Nubia Nu"bi*a (?), n. [From L. nubes cloud.] A light fabric of wool, worn on the head by women; a cloud. Nubian Nu"bi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Nubia in Eastern Africa. -- n. A native of Nubia. Nubiferous Nu*bif"er*ous (?), a. [L. nubifer; nubes cloud + ferre to bear: cf. F. nubif\'8are.] Bringing, or producing, clouds. Nubigenous Nu*big"e*nous (?), a. [L. nubes cloud + -genous.] Born of, or produced from, clouds. [R.] Nubilate Nu"bi*late (?), v. t. [L. nubilatus, p. p. of nubilare to cloud, fr. nubes cloud.] To cloud. [Obs.] Nubile Nu"bile (?), a. [L. nubilis, fr. nubere to marry: cf. F. nubile. See Nuptial.] Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable. Prior. <-- 2. [of a young woman] Sexually attractive, sometimes used as a genteel euphemism for "having well-developed breasts". --> Nubility Nu*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. nubilit\'82 .] The state of being marriageable. [R.] Nubilose, Nubilous Nu"bi*lose` (?), Nu"bi*lous (?), a. [L. nubilosus, nubilus, fr. nubes cloud.] Cloudy. [R.] Nucament Nu"ca*ment (?), n. [L. nucamenta fir cones, fr. nux, nucis, a nut.] (Bot.) A catkin or ament; the flower cluster of the hazel, pine, willow, and the like. Nucamentaceous Nu`ca*men*ta"ceous (?), a. [See Nucament.] (Bot.) Like a nut either in structure or in being indehiscent; bearing one-seeded nutlike fruits. [Written also nucumentaceous.] Nucellus Nu*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Nucelli (#). [NL., dim. of nux, nucis, a nut.] (Bot.) See Nucleus, 3 (a). Nucha Nu"cha (?), n.; pl. Nuch (#). [LL.] (Zo\'94l.) The back or upper part of the neck; the nape. Nuchal Nu"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. nucal.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the back, or nape, of the neck; -- applied especially to the anterior median plate in the carapace of turtles. Nuciferous Nu*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. nux, nucis, nut + -ferous.] Bearing, or producing, nuts. Nuciform Nu"ci*form (?), a. [L. nux, nucis, nut + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a nut; nut-shaped. Nucin Nu"cin (?), n. [L. nux, nucis, a nut.] (Chem.) See Juglone. Nucleal, Nuclear Nu"cle*al (?), Nu"cle*ar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a nucleus; as, the nuclear spindle (see Illust. of Karyokinesis) or the nuclear fibrils of a cell; the nuclear part of a comet, etc. Nucleate Nu"cle*ate (?), a. [L. nucleatus having a kernel.] Having a nucleus; nucleated. Nucleate Nu"cle*ate (?), v. t. [Cf. L. nucleare to become kernelly.] To gather, as about a nucleus or center. Nucleated Nu"cle*a`ted (?), a. Having a nucleus; nucleate; as, nucleated cells. Nucleiform Nu*cle"i*form (?), a. [L. nucleus kernel + -form.] Formed like a nucleus or kernel. Nuclein Nu"cle*in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A constituent of the nuclei of all cells. It is a colorless amorphous substance, readily soluble in alkaline fluids and especially characterized by its comparatively large content of phosphorus. It also contains nitrogen and sulphur.\'3c--containing protein and nucleic acid--\'3e Nucleobranch Nu"cle*o*branch (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Nucleobranchiata. -- n. One of the Nucleobranchiata. Nucleobranchiata Nu`cle*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Nucleus, and Branchia] (Zo\'94l.) See Heteropoda. Nucleoidioplasma Nu`cle*o*id`i*o*plas"ma (?), n. [NL. See Nucleus, and Idioplasma.] (Biol.) Hyaline plasma contained in the nucleus of vegetable cells. Nucleolar Nu*cle"o*lar (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the nucleolus of a cell. Nucleolated Nu"cle*o*la`ted (?), a. Having a nucleole, or second inner nucleus. Nucleole Nu"cle*ole (?), n. [See Nucleolus.] The nucleus within a nucleus; nucleolus. Nucleolus Nu*cle"o*lus (?), n.; pl. Nucleoli (#). [L., a little nut, dim. of nucleus.] 1. A little nucleus. 2. (Biol.) A small rounded body contained in the nucleus of a cell or a protozoan. NOTE: &hand; It wa s te rmed by Ag assiz th e en toblast. In the protozoa, where it may be situated on one side of the nucleus, it is sometimes called the endoplastule, and is supposed to be concerned in the male part of the reproductive process. See Nucleus. Nucleoplasm Nu"cle*o*plasm (?), n. [Nucleus + -plasm.] (Biol.) The matter composing the nucleus of a cell; the protoplasm of the nucleus; karyoplasma. Nucleoplasmic Nu`cle*o*plas"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to nucleoplasm; -- esp. applied to a body formed in the developing ovum from the plasma of the nucleus of the germinal vesicle. Nucleus Nu"cle*us (?), n.; pl. E. Nucleuses (#), L. Nuclei (#). [L., a kernel, dim. fr. nux, nucis, nut. Cf. Newel post.] 1. A kernel; hence, a central mass or point about which matter is gathered, or to which accretion is made; the central or material portion; -- used both literally and figuratively. It must contain within itself a nucleus of truth. I. Taylor. 2. (Astron.) The body or the head of a comet. 3. (Bot.) (a) An incipient ovule of soft cellular tissue. (b) A whole seed, as contained within the seed coats. 4. (Biol.) A body, usually spheroidal, in a cell or a protozoan, distinguished from the surrounding protoplasm by a difference in refrangibility and in behavior towards chemical reagents. It is more or less protoplasmic, and consists of a clear fluid (achromatin) through which extends a network of fibers (chromatin) in which may be suspended a second rounded body, the nucleolus (see Nucleoplasm). See Cell division, under Division. <-- it contains the genetic material, DNA --> NOTE: &hand; Th e nu cleus is so metimes te rmed th e endoplast or endoblast, and in the protozoa is supposed to be concerned in the female part of the reproductive process. See Karyokinesis. 5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tip, or earliest part, of a univalve or bivalve shell. (b) The central part around which additional growths are added, as of an operculum. (c) A visceral mass, containing the stomach and other organs, in Tunicata and some mollusks. Nucula Nu"cu*la (?), n. [L., little nut, dim. of nux, nucis, a nut.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small marine bivalve shells, having a pearly interior. Nucle Nu"cle (?), n. [L. nucula a small nut.] (Bot.) Same as Nutlet. Nucumentaceous Nu`cu*men*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) See Nucamentaceous. Nudation Nu*da"tion (?), n. [L. nudatio, fr. nudare to make naked, fr. nudus naked. See Nude.] The act of stripping, or making bare or naked. Nuddle Nud"dle (?), v. i. To walk quickly with the head bent forward; -- often with along. [Prov. Eng.] Nude Nude (?), a. [L. nudus. See Naked.] 1. Bare; naked; unclothed; undraped; as, a nude statue. 2. (Law) Naked; without consideration; void; as, a nude contract. See Nudum pactum. Blackstone. The nude, the undraped human figure in art. -- Nude"ly, adv.- Nude"ness, n. Nudge Nudge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nudge (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nudging.] [Cf. Prov. G. kn\'81tschen to squeeze, pinch, E. Knock.] To touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call attention or convey intimation. Nudge Nudge (?), n. A gentle push, or jog, as with the elbow. Nudibrachiate Nu`di*brach"i*ate (?), a. [L. nudus naked + brachium an arm.] (Zo\'94l.) Having tentacles without vibratile cilia. Carpenter. Nudibranch Nu"di*branch (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Nudibranchiata. -- n. One of the Nudibranchiata. Nudibranchiata Nu`di*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Nude, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks, having no shell except while very young. The gills are naked and situated upon the back or sides. See Ceratobranchia. Nudibranchiate Nu`di*bran"chi*ate (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nudibranch. Nudicaul Nu"di*caul (?), a. [L. nudus naked + caulis stem.] (Bot.) Having the stems leafless. Nudification Nu`di*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. nudus naked + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act of making nude. Nudity Nu"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Nudities (#). [Cf. F. nudit\'82 .] 1. The quality or state of being nude; nakedness. 2. That which is nude or naked; naked part; undraped or unclothed portion; esp. (Fine Arts), the human figure represented unclothed; any representation of nakedness; -- chiefly used in the plural and in a bad sense. There are no such licenses permitted in poetry any more than in painting, to design and color obscene nudities. Dryden. Nudum pactum Nu"dum pac"tum (?). [L., a nude pact.] (Law) A bare, naked contract, without any consideration. Tomlins.<-- = naked promise? --> Nugacity Nu*gac"i*ty (?), n. [L. nugacitas, fr. nugax, -acis, trifling.] Futility; trifling talk or behavior; drollery. [R.] Dr. H. More. Nug\'91 Nu"g\'91 (?), n. pl. [L.] Trifles; jests. Nugation Nu*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. nugation.] The act or practice of trifling. [R.] Bacon. Nugatory Nu"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. nugatorius, fr. nugari to trifle, nugae jests, trifles.] 1. Trifling; vain; futile; insignificant. 2. Of no force; inoperative; ineffectual. If all are pardoned, and pardoned as a mere act of clemency, the very substance of government is made nugatory. I. Taylor. Nugget Nug"get (?), n. [Earlier niggot, prob. for nigot, an ingot. See Ingot.] A lump; a mass, esp. a native lump of a precious metal; as, a nugget of gold. Nugify Nu"gi*fy (?), v. t. [L. nuggae trifles + -fy.] To render trifling or futile; to make silly. [R.] Coleridge. Nuisance Nui"sance (?), n. [OE. noisance, OF. noisance, nuisance, fr. L. nocentia guilt, fr. nocere to hurt, harm; akin to necare to kill. Cf Necromancy, Nocent, Noxious, Pernicious.] That which annoys or gives trouble and vexation; that which is offensive or noxious. NOTE: &hand; Nu isances ar e pu blic wh en th ey an noy citizens in general; private, when they affect individuals only. Nuisancer Nui"san*cer (?), n. (Law) One who makes or causes a nuisance. Nul Nul (?), a. [F. See Null, a.] (Law) No; not any; as, nul disseizin; nul tort. Null Null (?), a. [L. nullus not any, none; ne not + ullus any, a dim. of unus one; cf. F. nul. See No, and One, and cf. None.] Of no legal or binding force or validity; of no efficacy; invalid; void; nugatory; useless. Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection; no more. Tennyson. Null Null, n. 1. Something that has no force or meaning. 2. That which has no value; a cipher; zero. Bacon. Null method (Physics.), a zero method. See under Zero. Null Null, v. t. [From null, a., or perh. abbrev. from annul.] To annul. [Obs.] Milton. Null Null, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] One of the beads in nulled work. Nulled Nulled (?), a. Turned so as to resemble nulls. Nulled work (Cabinetwork), ornamental turned work resembling nulls or beads strung on a rod. Nullibiety Nul`li*bi"e*ty (?), n. [L. nullibi nowhere.] The state or condition of being nowhere. [Obs.] Nullification Nul`li*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. nullificatio contempt. See Nullify.] The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or of no legal effect. Right of nullification (U. S. Hist.), the right claimed in behalf of a State to nullify or make void, by its sovereign act or decree, an enactment of the general government which it deems unconstitutional. Nullifidian Nul`li*fid"i*an (?), a. [L. nullus none + fide faith.] Of no faith; also, not trusting to faith for salvation; -- opposed to solifidian. Feltham. Nullifidian Nul`li*fid"i*an, n. An unbeliever. B. Jonson. Nullifier Nul"li*fi`er (?), n. One who nullifies or makes void; one who maintains the right to nullify a contract by one of the parties. Nullify Nul"li*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nullified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nullifying (?).] [L. nullificare; nullus none + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Null, a., and -fy.] To make void; to render invalid; to deprive of legal force or efficacy. Such correspondence would at once nullify the conditions of the probationary system. I. Taylor. Syn. -- To abrogate; revoke; annul; repeal; invalidate; cancel. See Abolish. Nullipore Nul"li*pore (?), n. [L. nullus none + porus pope.] (Bot.) A name for certain crustaceous marine alg\'91 which secrete carbonate of lime on their surface, and were formerly thought to be of animal nature. They are now considered corallines of the genera Melobesia and Lithothamnion. _________________________________________________________________ Page 986 Nullity Nul"li*ty (?), n.; pl. Nullities. [LL. nullitias, fr. L. nullus none: cf. F. nullit\'82 . See Null.] 1. The quality or state of being null; nothingness; want of efficacy or force. 2. (Law) Nonexistence; as, a decree of nullity of marriage is a decree that no legal marriage exists. 3. That which is null. Was it not absurd to say that the convention was supreme in the state, and yet a nullity ? Macaulay. Numb Numb (?), a. [OE. nume, nome, prop., seized, taken, p. p. of nimen to take, AS. niman, p. p. numen. \'fb7. See Nimble, Nomad, and cf. Benumb.] 1. Enfeebled in, or destitute of, the power of sensation and motion; rendered torpid; benumbed; insensible; as, the fingers or limbs are numb with cold. "A stony image, cold and numb." Shak. 2. Producing numbness; benumbing; as, the numb, cold night. [Obs.] Shak. Numb Numb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Numbing (?).] To make numb; to deprive of the power of sensation or motion; to render senseless or inert; to deaden; to benumb; to stupefy. For lazy winter numbs the laboring hand. Dryden. Like dull narcotics, numbing pain. Tennyson. Numbedness Numb"ed*ness (?), n. Numbness. [Obs.] Wiseman. Number Num"ber (?), n. [OE. nombre, F. nombre, L. numerus; akin to Gr. Numb, Nomad, and cf. Numerate, Numero, Numerous.] 1. That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things expressible by figures. 2. A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a multitude; many. Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over numbers. Addison. 3. A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to put a number on a door. 4. Numerousness; multitude. Number itself importeth not much in armies where the people are of weak courage. Bacon. 5. The state or quality of being numerable or countable. Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds out of number. 2 Esdras iii. 7. 6. Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate things. 7. That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as divisions of time or number of syllables; hence, poetry, verse; -- chiefly used in the plural. I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. Pope. 8. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one, or more than one (in some languages, as one, or two, or more than two), expressed (usually) by a difference in the form of a word; thus, the singular number and the plural number are the names of the forms of a word indicating the objects denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than one. 9. (Math.) The measure of the relation between quantities or things of the same kind; that abstract species of quantity which is capable of being expressed by figures; numerical value. Abstract number, Abundant number, Cardinal number, etc. See under Abstract, Abundant, etc. -- In numbers, in numbered parts; as, a book published in numbers. Number Num"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numbered (?); p. pr & vb. n. Numbering.] [OE. nombren, noumbren, F. nombrer, fr. L. numerare, numeratum. See Number, n.] 1. To count; to reckon; to ascertain the units of; to enumerate. If a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered. Gen. xiii. 16. 2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude. He was numbered with the transgressors. Is. liii. 12. 3. To give or apply a number or numbers to; to assign the place of in a series by order of number; to designate the place of by a number or numeral; as, to number the houses in a street, or the apartments in a building. 4. To amount; to equal in number; to contain; to consist of; as, the army numbers fifty thousand. Thy tears can not number the dead. Campbell. Numbering machine, a machine for printing consecutive numbers, as on railway tickets, bank bills, etc. Syn. -- To count; enumerate; calculate; tell. Numberer Num"ber*er (?), n. One who numbers. Numberful Num"ber*ful (?), a. Numerous. [Obs.] Numberless Num"ber*less, a. Innumerable; countless. Numberous Num"ber*ous (?), a. Numerous. [Obs.] Drant. Numbers Num"bers (?), n. pl. of Number. The fourth book of the Pentateuch, containing the census of the Hebrews. Numbfish Numb"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The torpedo, which numbs by the electric shocks which it gives. Numbless Num"bless (?), n. pl. See Nombles. Numbness Numb"ness (?), n. The condition of being numb; that state of a living body in which it loses, wholly or in part, the power of feeling or motion. Numerable Nu"mer*a*ble (?), a. [L. numerabilis. See Number, v. t.] Capable of being numbered or counted. Numeral Nu"mer*al (?), a. [L. numeralis, fr. numerus number: cf. F. num\'82ral. See Number, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to number; consisting of number or numerals. A long train of numeral progressions. Locke. 2. Expressing number; representing number; as, numeral letters or characters, as X or 10 for ten. Numeral Nu"mer*al, n. 1. A figure or character used to express a number; as, the Arabic numerals, 1, 2, 3, etc.; the Roman numerals, I, V, X, L, etc. 2. A word expressing a number. Numerally Nu"mer*al*ly, adv. According to number; in number; numerically. Numerary Nu"mer*a*ry (?), a. [LL. numerarius: cf. F. num\'82raire.] Belonging to a certain number; counting as one of a collection or body. A supernumerary canon, when he obtains a prebend, becomes a numerary canon. Ayliffe. Numerate Nu"mer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Numerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Numerating (?).] [L. numeratus, p. p. of numerare to count. See Number, v.] (Arith.) To divide off and read according to the rules of numeration; as, to numerate a row of figures. Numeration Nu`mer*a"tion (?), n. [L. numeratio a counting out: cf. F. num\'82ration.] 1. The act or art of numbering. Numeration is but still the adding of one unit more, and giving to the whole a new name or sign. Locke. 2. The act or art of reading numbers when expressed by means of numerals. The term is almost exclusively applied to the art of reading numbers written in the scale of tens, by the Arabic method. Davies & Peck. NOTE: &hand; Fo r co nvenience in re ading, nu mbers ar e us ually separated by commas into periods of three figures each, as 1,155,465. According to what is called the "English" system, the billion is a million of millions, a trillion a million of billions, and each higher denomination is a million times the one preceding. According to the system of the French and other Continental nations and also that of the United States, the billion is a thousand millions, and each higher denomination is a thousand times the preceding. Numerative Nu"mer*a*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to numeration; as, a numerative system. Eng. Cyc. Numerator Nu"mer*a"tor (?), n. [L. numerator: cf. F. num\'82rateur.] 1. One who numbers. 2. (Math.) The term in a fraction which indicates the number of fractional units that are taken. NOTE: &hand; In a vulgar fraction the numerator is written above a line; thus, in the fraction 5/9 (five ninths) 5 is the numerator; in a decimal fraction it is the number which follows the decimal point. See Fraction. Numeric, Numerical Nu*mer"ic (?), Nu*mer"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. num\'82rique. See Number, n.] 1. Belonging to number; denoting number; consisting in numbers; expressed by numbers, and not letters; as, numerical characters; a numerical equation; a numerical statement. NOTE: &hand; Nu merical, as op posed to al gebraical, is used to denote a value irrespective of its sign; thus, -5 is numerically greater than -3, though algebraically less. 2. 2. The same in number; hence, identically the same; identical; as, the same numerical body. [Obs.] South. Would to God that all my fellow brethren, which with me bemoan the loss of their books, . . . might rejoice for the recovery thereof, though not the same numerical volumes. Fuller. Numerical equation (Alg.), an equation which has all the quantities except the unknown expressed in numbers; -- distinguished from literal equation. -- Numerical value of an equation or expression, that deduced by substituting numbers for the letters, and reducing. Numeric Nu*mer"ic, n. (Math.) Any number, proper or improper fraction, or incommensurable ratio. The term also includes any imaginary expression like m + n&root;-1, where m and n are real numerics. Numerically Nu*mer"ic*al*ly, adv. In a numerical manner; in numbers; with respect to number, or sameness in number; as, a thing is numerically the same, or numerically different. Numerist Nu"mer*ist (?), n. One who deals in numbers. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Numero Nu"me*ro (?), n. [It., or F. num\'82ro ; both fr. L. numerus number.] Number; -- often abbrev. No. Numerosity Nu`mer*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. numerositas.] 1. The state of being numerous; numerousness. [Obs.] 2. Rhythm; harmony; flow. [Obs.] The numerosity of the sentence pleased the ear. S. Parr. Numerous Nu"mer*ous (?), a. [L. numerosus. See Number.] 1. Consisting of a great number of units or individual objects; being many; as, a numerous army. Such and so numerous was their chivalry. Milton. 2. Consisting of poetic numbers; rhythmical; measured and counted; melodious; musical. [Obs.] Such prompt eloquence Flowed from their lips, in prose or numerous verse. Milton. -- Nu"mer*ous*ly, adv. -- Nu"mer*ous*ness, n. Numidian Nu*mid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Numidia in Northern Africa. Numidian crane. (Zo\'94l.) See Demoiselle, 2. Numismatic, Numismatical Nu`mis*mat"ic (?), Nu`mis*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. numisma, nomisma, a piece of money, coin, fr. Gr. numismatique. See Nomad.] Of or pertaining to coins; relating to the science of coins or medals. Numismatics Nu`mis*mat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. numismatique.] The science of coins and medals. Numismatist Nu*mis"ma*tist (?), n. One skilled in numismatics; a numismatologist. Numismatography Nu*mis`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [L. numisma, -atis (Gr. -graphy.] A treatise on, or description of, coins and medals. Numismatologist Nu*mis`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in numismatology. <-- now usu. numismatist --> Numismatology Nu*mis`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [L. numisma, -atis + -logy.] The science which treats of coins and medals, in their relation to history; numismatics. Nummary Num"ma*ry (?), a. [L. nummarius, from nummus a coin.] Of or relating to coins or money. Nummular, Nummulary Num"mu*lar (?), Num"mu*la*ry (?), a. [L. nummularius, fr. nummulus, dim. of nummus a coin: cf. F. nummulaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to coin or money; pecuniary; as, the nummulary talent. 2. (Pathol.) Having the appearance or form of a coin. "Nummular sputa." Sir T. Watson. Nummulation Num`mu*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The arrangement of the red blood corpuscles in rouleaux, like piles of coins, as when a drop of human blood is examined under the microscope. Nummulite Num"mu*lite (?), n. [L. nummus a coin + -lite: cf. F. nummulite.] (Paleon.) A fossil of the genus Nummulites and allied genera. Nummulites Num`mu*li"tes (?), n. [NL. See Nummulite.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Tertiary Foraminifera, having a thin, flat, round shell, containing a large number of small chambers arranged spirally. Nummulitic Num`mu*lit"ic (?), a. Of, like, composed of, containing, nummulites; as, nummulitic beds. Numps Numps (?), n. [Cf. Numb.] A dolt; a blockhead. [Obs.] Bp. Parker. Numskull Num"skull` (?), n. [Numb + skull.] A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow. [Colloq.] They have talked like numskulls. Arbuthnot. Numskulled Num"skulled` (?), a. Stupid; doltish. [Colloq.] Nun Nun (?), n. [OE. nunne, AS. nunne, fr. L. nonna nun, nonnus monk; cf. Gr. Nunnery.] 1. A woman devoted to a religious life, who lives in a convent, under the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. They holy time is quiet as a nun Breathless with adoration. Wordsworth. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A white variety of domestic pigeons having a veil of feathers covering the head. (b) The smew. (c) The European blue titmouse. Gray nuns (R. C. Ch.), the members of a religious order established in Montreal in 1745, whence branches were introduced into the United States in 1853; -- so called from the color or their robe, and known in religion as Sisters of Charity of Montreal. -- Nun buoy. See under Buoy. Nunchion Nun"chion (?), n. [OE. nonechenche, for noneschenche, prop., a noon drink; none noon + schenchen, schenken, skinken, to pour, AS. scencan. See Noon, and Skink, v. i.] A portion of food taken at or after noon, usually between full meals; a luncheon. [Written also noonshun.] Hudibras. Nunciate Nun"ci*ate (?), n. One who announces; a messenger; a nuncio. [Obs.] Hoole. Nunciature Nun"ci*a*ture (?), n. [L. nunciare, nuntiare, to announce, report, fr. nuncius, nuntius, messenger: cf. F. nonciature, It. nunziatura. See Nuncio.] The office of a nuncio. Clarendon. Nuncio Nun"ci*o (?), n.; pl. Nuncios (#). [It. nunzio, nuncio, fr. L. nuncius, nuntius, messenger; perh. akin to novus new, E. new, and thus, one who brings news. Cf. Announce.] 1. A messenger. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The permanent official representative of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government. Distinguished from a legate a latere, whose mission is temporary in its nature, or for some special purpose. Nuncios are of higher rank than internuncios. Nuncius Nun"ci*us (?), n.; pl. Nuncii (#). [L.] (Roman & Old Eng. Law) (a) A messenger. (b) The information communicated. Nuncupate Nun"cu*pate (?), v. t. [L. nuncupatus, p. p. of nuncupare to nuncupate, prob. fr. nomen name + capere to take.] 1. To declare publicly or solemnly; to proclaim formally. [Obs.] In whose presence did St. Peter nuncupate it ? Barrow. 2. To dedicate by declaration; to inscribe; as, to nuncupate a book. [Obs.] Evelyn. Nuncupation Nun`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. nuncupatio.] The act of nuncupating. [Obs.] Nuncupative Nun*cu"pa*tive (?), a. [L. nuncupativus nominal: cf. F. nuncupatif.] 1. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. [Obs.] 2. Nominal; existing only in name. [Obs.] 3. Oral; not written. Nuncupative will OR testament, a will or testament made by word of mouth only, before witnesses, as by a soldier or seaman, and depending on oral testimony for proof. Blackstone. Nuncupatory Nun*cu"pa*to*ry (?), a. Nuncupative; oral. Nundinal Nun"di*nal (?), n. A nundinal letter. Nundinal, Nundinary Nun"di*nal (?), Nun"di*na*ry (?), a. [L. nundinalis, nundinarius, fr. nundinae the market day, the weekly market, prop., the ninth day, fr. nundinus belonging to nine days; novem nine + dies day: cf. F. nundinal.] Of or pertaining to a fair, or to a market day. Nundinal letter, among the Romans, one of the first eight letters of the alphabet, which were repeated successively from the first to the last day of the year. One of these always expressed the market day, which returned every nine days (every eight days by our reckoning). Nundinate Nun"di*nate (?), v. i. [L. nundinatus, p. p. of nundinary to attend fairs, to traffic. See Nundinal, a.] To buy and sell at fairs or markets. [Obs.] Nundination Nun`di*na"tion (?), n. [L. nundinatio.] Traffic at fairs; marketing; buying and selling. [Obs.] Common nundination of pardons. Abp. Bramhall. Nunnation Nun*na"tion (?), n. [From nun, the Arabic name of the letter n: cf. NL. nunnatio, F. nunnation.] (Arabic Gram.) The pronunciation of n at the end of words. Nunnery Nun"ner*y (?), n.; pl. Nunneries (#). [OE. nonnerie, OF. nonerie, F. nonnerie, fr. nonne nun, L. nonna. See Nun.] A house in which nuns reside; a cloister or convent in which women reside for life, under religious vows. See Cloister, and Convent. Nunnish Nun"nish (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling a nun; characteristic of a nun. -- Nun"nish*ness, n. Nup Nup (?), n. Same as Nupson. [Obs.] Nuphar Nu"phar (?), n. [Per. n.] (Bot.) A genus of plants found in the fresh-water ponds or lakes of Europe, Asia, and North America; the yellow water lily. Cf. Nymphaea. _________________________________________________________________ Page 987 Nupson Nup"son (?), n. [Of doubtful origin.] A simpleton; a fool. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Nuptial Nup"tial (?), a. [L. nuptialis, fr. nuptiae marriage, wedding, fr. nubere, nuptum, prop., to cover, to veil, hence, to marry, as the head of the bride was covered with a veil; cf. Gr. nuptial.] Of or pertaining to marriage; done or used at a wedding; as, nuptial rites and ceremonies. Then, all in heat, They light the nuptial torch. Milton. Nuptial Nup"tial, n.; pl. Nuptials (. Marriage; wedding; nuptial ceremony; -- now only in the plural. Celebration of that nuptial, which We two have sworn shall come. Shak. Preparations . . . for the approaching nuptials. Prescott. Nur Nur (?), n. [Cf. Knur.] A hard knot in wood; also, a hard knob of wood used by boys in playing hockey. I think I'm as hard as a nur, and as tough as whitleather. W. Howitt. Nurl Nurl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nurled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nurling.] [Cf. Knurl.] To cut with reeding or fluting on the edge of, as coins, the heads of screws, etc.; to knurl. Nurse Nurse (?), n. [OE. nourse, nurice, norice, OF. nurrice, norrice, nourrice, F. nourrice, fr. L. nutricia nurse, prop., fem. of nutricius that nourishes; akin to nutrix, -icis, nurse, fr. nutrire to nourish. See Nourish, and cf. Nutritious.] 1. One who nourishes; a person who supplies food, tends, or brings up; as: (a) A woman who has the care of young children; especially, one who suckles an infant not her own. (b) A person, especially a woman, who has the care of the sick or infirm. 2. One who, or that which, brings up, rears, causes to grow, trains, fosters, or the like. The nurse of manly sentiment and heroic enterprise. Burke. 3. (Naut.) A lieutenant or first officer, who is the real commander when the captain is unfit for his place. 4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A peculiar larva of certain trematodes which produces cercari\'91 by asexual reproduction. See Cercaria, and Redia. (b) Either one of the nurse sharks. Nurse shark. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large arctic shark (Somniosus microcephalus), having small teeth and feeble jaws; -- called also sleeper shark, and ground shark. (b) A large shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), native of the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, having the dorsal fins situated behind the ventral fins. -- To put to nurse, OR To put out to nurse, to send away to be nursed; to place in the care of a nurse. -- Wet nurse, Dry nurse. See Wet nurse, and Dry nurse, in the Vocabulary. Nurse Nurse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nursing.] 1. To nourish; to cherish; to foster; as: (a) To nourish at the breast; to suckle; to feed and tend, as an infant. (b) To take care of or tend, as a sick person or an invalid; to attend upon. Sons wont to nurse their parents in old age. Milton. Him in Egerian groves Aricia bore, And nursed his youth along the marshy shore. Dryden. 2. To bring up; to raise, by care, from a weak or invalid condition; to foster; to cherish; -- applied to plants, animals, and to any object that needs, or thrives by, attention. "To nurse the saplings tall." Milton. By what hands [has vice] been nursed into so uncontrolled a dominion? Locke. 3. To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase; as, to nurse our national resources. 4. To caress; to fondle, as a nurse does. A. Trollope. To nurse billiard balls, to strike them gently and so as to keep them in good position during a series of caroms. Nursehound Nurse"hound` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Houndfish. Nursemaid Nurse"maid` (?), n. A girl employed to attend children. Nursepond Nurse"pond`, n. A pond where fish are fed. Walton. Nurser Nurs"er (?), n. One who nurses; a nurse; one who cherishes or encourages growth. Nursery Nurs"er*y (?), n.; pl. Nurseries (#). [Cf. F. nourricerie.] 1. The act of nursing. [Obs.] "Her kind nursery." Shak. 2. The place where nursing is carried on; as: (a) The place, or apartment, in a house, appropriated to the care of children. (b) A place where young trees, shrubs, vines, etc., are propagated for the purpose of transplanting; a plantation of young trees. (c) The place where anything is fostered and growth promoted. "Fair Padua, nursery of arts." Shak. Christian families are the nurseries of the church on earth, as she is the nursery of the church in heaven. J. M. Mason. (d) That which forms and educates; as, commerce is the nursery of seamen. 3. That which is nursed. [R.] Milton. Nurseryman Nurs"er*y*man (?), n.; pl. Nurserymen (. One who cultivates or keeps a nursery, or place for rearing trees, etc. Nursing Nurs"ing, a. Supplying or taking nourishment from, or as from, the breast; as, a nursing mother; a nursing infant. Nursling Nurs"ling (?), n. [Nurse + -ling.] One who, or that which, is nursed; an infant; a fondling. I was his nursling once, and choice delight. Milton. Nurstle Nurs"tle (?), v. t. To nurse. See Noursle. [Obs.] Nurture Nur"ture (?), n. [OE. norture, noriture, OF. norriture, norreture, F. nourriture, fr. L. nutritura a nursing, suckling. See Nourish.] 1. The act of nourishing or nursing; thender care; education; training. A man neither by nature nor by nurture wise. Milton. 2. That which nourishes; food; diet. Spenser. Nurture Nur"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nurtured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nurturing.] 1. To feed; to nourish. 2. To educate; to bring or train up. He was nurtured where he had been born. Sir H. Wotton. Syn. -- To nourish; nurse; cherish; bring up; educate; tend. -- To Nurture, Nourish, Cherish. Nourish denotes to supply with food, or cause to grow; as, to nourish a plant, to nourish rebellion. To nurture is to train up with a fostering care, like that of a mother; as, to nurture into strength; to nurture in sound principles. To cherish is to hold and treat as dear; as, to cherish hopes or affections. Nustle Nus"tle (?), v. t. [Cf. Nuzzle.] To fondle; to cherish. [Obs.] Nut Nut (?), n. [OE. nute, note, AS. hnutu; akin to D. noot, G. nuss, OHG. nuz, Icel. hnot, Sw. n\'94t, Dan. n\'94d.] 1. (Bot.) The fruit of certain trees and shrubs (as of the almond, walnut, hickory, beech, filbert, etc.), consisting of a hard and indehiscent shell inclosing a kernel. 2. A perforated block (usually a small piece of metal), provided with an internal or female screw thread, used on a bolt, or screw, for tightening or holding something, or for transmitting motion. See Illust. of lst Bolt. 3. The tumbler of a gunlock. Knight. 4. (Naut.) A projection on each side of the shank of an anchor, to secure the stock in place. Check nut, Jam nut, Lock nut, a nut which is screwed up tightly against another nut on the same bolt or screw, in order to prevent accidental unscrewing of the first nut. -- Nut buoy. See under Buoy. -- Nut coal, screened coal of a size smaller than stove coal and larger than pea coal; -- called also chestnut coal. -- Nut crab (Zo\'94l.), any leucosoid crab of the genus Ebalia as, Ebalia tuberosa of Europe. -- Nut grass (Bot.), a plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus rotundus, var. Hydra), which has slender rootstocks bearing small, nutlike tubers, by which the plant multiplies exceedingly, especially in cotton fields. -- Nut lock, a device, as a metal plate bent up at the corners, to prevent a nut from becoming unscrewed, as by jarring.<-- = lock nut --> -- Nut pine. (Bot.) See under Pine. -- Nut rush (Bot.), a genus of cyperaceous plants (Scleria) having a hard bony achene. Several species are found in the United States and many more in tropical regions. -- Nut tree, a tree that bears nuts. -- Nut weevil (Zo\'94l.), any species of weevils of the genus Balaninus and other allied genera, which in the larval state live in nuts. Nut Nut, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nutting.] To gather nuts. Nutant Nu"tant (?), a. [L. nutans, p. pr. of nutare to nod, v. intens. fr. nuere (in comp.) to nod; cf. Gr. Nodding; having the top bent downward. Nutation Nu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. nutatio a nodding, fr. nutare to nod: cf. F. nutation.] 1. The act of nodding. So from the midmost the nutation spreads, Round and more round, o'er all the sea of heads. Pope. 2. (Astron.) A very small libratory motion of the earth's axis, by which its inclination to the plane of the ecliptic is constantly varying by a small amount. 3. (Bot.) (a) The motion of a flower in following the apparent movement of the sun, from the east in the morning to the west in the evening. (b) Circumnutation. Nutbreaker Nut"break`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European nuthatch. (b) The nutcracker. Nut-brown Nut"-brown` (?), a. Brown as a nut long kept and dried. "The spicy nutbrown ale." Milton. Nutcracker Nut"crack`er (?), n. 1. An instrument for cracking nuts. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European bird (Nucifraga caryocatactes), allied to the magpie and crow. Its color is dark brown, spotted with white. It feeds on nuts, seeds, and insects. (b) The American, or Clarke's, nutcracker (Picicorvus Columbianus) of Western North America. Nutgall Nut"gall` (?), n. A more or less round gall resembling a nut, esp. one of those produced on the oak and used in the arts. See Gall, Gallnut. Nuthatch Nut"hatch` (?), n. [OE. nuthake. See 2d Hack.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of birds of the genus Sitta, as the European species (Sitta Europ\'91a). The white-breasted nuthatch (S. Carolinensis), the red-breasted nuthatch (S. Canadensis), the pygmy nuthatch (S. pygm\'91a), and others, are American. Nuthook Nut"hook` (?), n. 1. A hook at the end of a pole to pull down boughs for gathering the nuts. 2. A thief who steals by means of a hook; also, a bailiff who hooks or seizes malefactors. Shak. Nutjobber Nut"job`ber (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The nuthatch. [Prov. Eng.] Nutlet Nut"let (?), n. (Bot.) A small nut; also, the stone of a drupe. Nutmeg Nut"meg (?), n. [OE. notemuge; note nut + OF. muge musk, of the same origin as E. musk; cf. OF. noix muguette nutmeg, F. noix muscade. See Nut, and Musk.] (Bot.) The kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg tree (Myristica fragrans), a native of the Molucca Islands, but cultivated elsewhere in the tropics. NOTE: &hand; This fruit is a nearly spherical drupe, of the size of a pear, of a yellowish color without and almost white within. This opens into two nearly equal longitudinal valves, inclosing the nut surrounded by its aril, which is mace The nutmeg is an aromatic, very grateful to the taste and smell, and much used in cookery. Other species of Myristica yield nutmegs of inferior quality. American, Calabash, OR Jamaica, nutmeg, the fruit of a tropical shrub (Monodora Myristica). It is about the size of an orange, and contains many aromatic seeds imbedded in pulp. -- Brazilian nutmeg, the fruit of a lauraceous tree, Cryptocarya moschata. -- California nutmeg, tree of the Yew family (Torreya Californica), growing in the Western United States, and having a seed which resembles a nutmeg in appearance, but is strongly impregnated with turpentine. -- Clove nutmeg, the Ravensara aromatica, a laura ceous tree of Madagascar. The foliage is used as a spice, but the seed is acrid and caustic. -- Jamaica nutmeg. See American nutmeg (above). -- Nutmeg bird (Zo\'94l.), an Indian finch (Munia punctularia). -- Nutmeg butter, a solid oil extracted from the nutmeg by expression. -- Nutmeg flower (Bot.), a ranunculaceous herb (Nigella sativa) with small black aromatic seeds, which are used medicinally and for excluding moths from furs and clothing. -- Nutmeg liver (Med.), a name applied to the liver, when, as the result of heart or lung disease, it undergoes congestion and pigmentation about the central veins of its lobules, giving it an appearance resembling that of a nutmeg. -- Nutmeg melon (Bot.), a small variety of muskmelon of a rich flavor. -- Nutmeg pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of pigeons of the genus Myristicivora, native of the East Indies and Australia. The color is usually white, or cream-white, with black on the wings and tail. -- Nutmeg wood (Bot.), the wood of the Palmyra palm. -- Peruvian nutmeg, the aromatic seed of a South American tree (Laurelia sempervirens). -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), a spicy tree of Australia (Atherosperma moschata). Nutmegged Nut"megged (?), a. Seasoned with nutmeg. Nutpecker Nut"peck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The nuthatch. Nutria Nu"tri*a (?), n. [Sp. nutria an otter, fr. L. lutra, lytra.] The fur of the coypu. See Coypu. Nutrication Nu`tri*ca"tion (?), n. [L. nutricatio, fr. nutricare, nutricari, to suckle, nourish, fr. nutrix a nurse.] The act or manner of feeding. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Nutrient Nu"tri*ent (?), a. [L. nutriens, p. pr. of nutrire. See Nourish.] Nutritious; nourishing; promoting growth. -- n. Any substance which has nutritious qualities, i. e., which nourishes or promotes growth. Nutriment Nu"tri*ment (?), n. [L. nutrimentum, fr. nutrire to nourish. See Nourish.] 1. That which nourishes; anything which promotes growth and repairs the natural waste of animal or vegetable life; food; aliment. The stomach returns what it has received, in strength and nutriment diffused into all parts of the body. South. 2. That which promotes development or growth. Is not virtue in mankind The nutriment that feeds the mind ? Swift. Nutrimental Nu`tri*men"tal (?), a. Nutritious. Nutritial Nu*tri"tial (?), a. Pertaining to, or connected with, nutrition; nutritious. [Obs.] Chapman. Nutrition Nu*tri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. nutrition. See Nutritious.] 1. (Physiol.) In the broadest sense, a process or series of processes by which the living organism as a whole (or its component parts or organs) is maintained in its normal condition of life and growth. NOTE: &hand; In th is wi de se nse it co mprehends di gestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, etc., in fact all of the steps by which the nutritive matter of the food is fitted for incorporation with the different tissues, and the changes which it undergoes after its assimilation, prior to its excretion. See Metabolism. 2. (Physiol.) In a more limited sense, the process by which the living tissues take up, from the blood, matters necessary either for their repair or for the performance of their healthy functions. 3. That which nourishes; nutriment. Fixed like a plant, on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot. Pope. Nutritional Nu*tri"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to nutrition; as, nutritional changes. Nutritious Nu*tri"tious (?), a. [L. nutricius, nutritius, from nutrix, -icis, a nurse, nutrire to nourish. See Nurse, Nourish.] Nourishing; promoting growth, or preventing decay; alimental. -- Nu*tri"tious*ly, adv. -- Nu*tri"tious*ness, n. Nutritive Nu"tri*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. nutritif.] Of or pertaining to nutrition; as, the nutritive functions; having the quality of nourishing; nutritious; nutrimental; alimental; as, nutritive food or berries. Nutritive plasma. (Biol.) See Idioplasma. -- Nutritive polyp (Zo\'94l.), any one of the zooids of a compound hydroid, or coral, which has a mouth and digestive cavity. -- Nu"tri*tive*ly, adv. -- Nu"tri*tive*ness, n. Nutriture Nu"tri*ture (?), n. [L. nutritura, fr. nutrir to nourish.] Nutrition; nourishment. [Obs.] Harvey. Nutshell Nut"shell` (?), n. 1. The shell or hard external covering in which the kernel of a nut is inclosed. 2. Hence, a thing of little compass, or of little value. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A shell of the genus Nucula. To be, OR lie, in a nutshell, to be within a small compass; to admit of very brief or simple determination or statement. "The remedy lay in a nutshell." Macaulay. Nutter Nut"ter (?), n. A gatherer of nuts. Nutting Nut"ting (?), n. The act of gathering nuts. Nutty Nut"ty (?), a. 1. Abounding in nuts. 2. Having a flavor like that of nuts; as, nutty wine. Nux vomica Nux` vom"i*ca (?). [NL., fr. L. nux vomere to vomit.] The seed of Strychnos Nuxvomica, a tree which abounds on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts of the East Indies. From this seed the deadly poisons known as strychnine and brucine are obtained. The seeds are sometimes called Quaker buttons. Nuzzle Nuz"zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nuzzied (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Nuzzling (?).] [See Noursle.] 1. To noursle or nurse; to foster; to bring up. [Obs.] The people had been nuzzled in idolatry. Milton. 2. [Perh. a corruption of nestle. Cf. Nustle.] To nestle; to house, as in a nest. _________________________________________________________________ Page 988 Nuzzle Nuz"zle (?), v. i. [Dim. fr. nose. See Nozzle.] 1. To work with the nose, like a swine in the mud. And nuzzling in his flank, the loving swine Sheathed, unaware, the tusk in his soft groin. Shak. He charged through an army of lawyers, sometimes . . . nuzzling like an eel in the mud. Arbuthnot. 2. To go with head poised like a swine, with nose down. Sir Roger shook his ears, and nuzzled along. Arbuthnot. 3. [Cf. Nuzzle, v. t., 2.] To hide the head, as a child in the mother's bosom; to nestle. 4. To loiter; to idle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Ny Ny (?). [Contr. fr. ne I.] Not I; nor I. [Obs.] Ny, Nye Ny, Nye (?), a. & adv. Nigh. [Obs.] Chaucer. Nyas Ny"as (?), n. See Nias. Nyctalopia Nyc`ta*lo"pi*a (?), n. [L. nyctalopia, fr. nyctalops a nyctalops, Gr. (Med.) (a) A disease of the eye, in consequence of which the patient can see well in a faint light or at twilight, but is unable to see during the day or in a strong light; day blindness. (b) See Moonblink. NOTE: &hand; So me wr iters (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, night blindness. See Hemeralopia. Nyctalops Nyc"ta*lops (?), n. [L., from Gr. One afflicted with nyctalopia. Nyctalopy Nyc"ta*lo`py (?), n. Same as Nyctalopia. Nycthemeron Nyc*the"me*ron (?), n. [Gr. The natural day and night, or space of twenty-four hours. Nyctibune Nyc"ti*bune (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American bird of the genus Nyctibius, allied to the goatsuckers. Nyctitropic Nyc`ti*trop"ic (?), a. [From Gr. (Bot.) Turning or bending at night into special positions. NOTE: &hand; Ny ctitropic mo vements of plants usually consist in a folding or drooping of the leaves, the advantage being in lessening the radiation of heat. Nyctophile Nyc"to*phile (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any Australian bat of the genus Nyctophilus, having a very simple nasal appendage. Nye Nye (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. nid nest, brood, L. nidus nest. See Nest, and cf. Eye brood, Nide.] A brood or flock of pheasants. Nyentek Ny*en"tek (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous mannual (Helictis moscatus, or H. orientalis), native of Eastern Asia and the Indies. It has a dorsal white stripe, and another one across the shoulders. It has a strong musky odor. Nylghau, Nylgau Nyl"ghau, Nyl"gau (?), n. [Hind. & Per. n\'c6lg\'bew, prop., a blue cow; Per. n\'c6l blue + g\'bew cow. See Lilac, and Cow the animal.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Asiatic antelope (Boselaphus, OR Portax, tragocamelus), found in Northern India. It has short horns, a black mane, and a bunch of long hair on the throat. The general color is grayish brown. [Written also neelghau, nilgau, and nylghaie.] Nymph Nymph (?), n. [L. nympha nymph, bride, young woman, Gr. nymphe. Cf. Nuptial.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows, or waters. Where were ye, nymphs, when the remorseless deep Closed o'er the head of your loved Lycidas ? Milton. 2. Hence: A lovely young girl; a maiden; a damsel. Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remembered. Shak. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The pupa of an insect; a chrysalis. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a subfamily (Najades) of butterflies including the purples, the fritillaries, the peacock butterfly, etc.; -- called also naiad. Nympha Nym"pha (?), n.; pl. Nymph (#). [L. See Nymph a goddess.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Nymph, 3. 2. pl. (Anat.) Two folds of mucous membrane, within the labia, at the opening of the vulva. Nymph\'91a Nym*ph\'91"a (?), n. [L., the water lily, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of aquatic plants having showy flowers (white, blue, pink, or yellow, often fragrant), including the white water lily and the Egyptia lotus. NOTE: &hand; Recent critics have endeavored to show that this genus should be called Castalia, and the name Nymph\'91a transferred to what is now known as Nuphar. Nymphal Nymph"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a nymph or nymphs; nymphean. Nymphales Nym*pha"les (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive family of butterflies including the nymphs, the satyrs, the monarchs, the heliconias, and others; -- called also brush-footed butterflies. Nymphean Nym*phe"an (?), a. [Gr. Nymph.] Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, nymphs; inhabited by nymphs; as, a nymphean cave. Nymphet Nymph"et (?), n. A little or young nymph. [Poetic] "The nymphets sporting there." Drayton. Nymphic, Nymphical Nymph"ic (?), Nymph"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to nymphs. Nymphiparous Nym*phip"a*rous (?), a. [Nymph + L. parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing pupas or nymphs. Nymphish Nymph"ish (?), a. Relating to nymphs; ladylike. "Nymphish war." Drayton. Nymphlike, Nymphly Nymph"like` (?), Nymph"ly (?), a. Resembling, or characteristic of, a nymph. Nympholepsy Nym"pho*lep`sy (?), n. [Gr. A species of demoniac enthusiasm or possession coming upon one who had accidentally looked upon a nymph; ecstasy. [R.] De Quincey. The nympholepsy of some fond despair. Byron. Nympholeptic Nym`pho*lep"tic (?), a. Under the influence of nympholepsy; ecstatic; frenzied. [Poetic] Nymphomania Nym`pho*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Morbid and uncontrollable sexual desire in women, constituting a true disease. Nymphomany Nym"pho*ma`ny (?), n. [Cf. F. nymphomanie.] (Med.) Same as Nymphomania. Nymphotomy Nym*phot"o*my (?), n. [Nympha + Gr. (Med.) Excision of the nymph\'91. Nys Nys (?). Is not. See Nis. Chaucer. Spenser. Nystagmus Nys*tag"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A rapid involuntary oscillation of the eyeballs. Nyula Ny*u"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of ichneumon (Herpestes nyula). Its fur is beautifully variegated by closely set zigzag markings. O.