O O (?). 1. O, the fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, derives its form, value, and name from the Greek O, through the Latin. The letter came into the Greek from the Ph&oe;nician, which possibly derived it ultimately from the Egyptian. Etymologically, the letter o is most closely related to a, e, and u; as in E. bone, AS. b\'ben; E. stone, AS. st\'ben; E. broke, AS. brecan to break; E. bore, AS. beran to bear; E. dove, AS. d&umac;fe; E. toft, tuft; tone, tune; number, F. nombre. The letter o has several vowel sounds, the principal of which are its long sound, as in bone, its short sound, as in nod, and the sounds heard in the words orb, son, do (feod), and wolf (book). In connection with the other vowels it forms several digraphs and diphthongs. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 107-129. 2. Among the ancients, O was a mark of triple time, from the notion that the ternary, or number 3, is the most perfect of numbers, and properly expressed by a circle, the most perfect figure. O was also anciently used to represent 11: with a dash over it (), 11,000. O O (?), n.; pl. O's OR Oes (. 1. The letter O, or its sound. "Mouthing out his hollow oes and aes." Tennyson. 2. Something shaped like the letter O; a circle or oval. "This wooden O [Globe Theater]". Shak. 3. A cipher; zero. [R.] Thou art an O without a figure. Shak. O'. O'. [Ir. o a descendant.] A prefix to Irish family names, which signifies grandson or descendant of, and is a character of dignity; as, O'Neil, O'Carrol. O' O' (?), prep. A shortened form of of or on. "At the turning o' the tide." Shak. O O (?), a. [See One.] One. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Alle thre but o God." Piers Plowman. O O (?), interj. An exclamation used in calling or directly addressing a person or personified object; also, as an emotional or impassioned exclamation expressing pain, grief, surprise, desire, fear, etc. For ever, O Lord, thy word is settled in heaven. Ps. cxix. 89. O how love I thy law ! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97. NOTE: &hand; O is frequently followed by an ellipsis and that, an in expressing a wish: "O [I wish] that Ishmael might live before thee !" Gen. xvii. 18; or in expressions of surprise, indignation, or regret: "O [it is sad] that such eyes should e'er meet other object !" Sheridan Knowles. NOTE: &hand; A distinction between the use of O and oh is insisted upon by some, namely, that O should be used only in direct address to a person or personified object, and should never be followed by the exclamation point, while Oh (or oh) should be used in exclamations where no direct appeal or address to an object is made, and may be followed by the exclamation point or not, according to the nature or construction of the sentence. Some insist that oh should be used only as an interjection expressing strong feeling. The form O, however, is, it seems, the one most commonly employed for both uses by modern writers and correctors for the press. "O, I am slain !" Shak. "O what a fair and ministering angel !" "O sweet angel !" Longfellow. O for a kindling touch from that pure flame ! Wordsworth. But she is in her grave, -- and oh The difference to me ! Wordsworth. Oh for a lodge in some vast wilderness ! Cowper. We should distinguish between the sign of the vocative and the emotional interjection, writing O for the former, and oh for the latter. Earle. O dear, AND O dear me! [corrupted fr. F. O Dieu! or It. O Dio! O God! O Dio mio! O my God! Wyman], exclamations expressive of various emotions, but usually promoted by surprise, consternation, grief, pain, etc. Oad Oad (?), n. See Woad. [Obs.] Coles. Oaf Oaf (?), n. [See Auf.] Originally, an elf's child; a changeling left by fairies or goblins; hence, a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an idiot. Oafish Oaf"ish, a. Like an oaf; simple. -- Oaf"ish*ness, n. Oak Oak (?), n. [OE. oke, ok, ak, AS. \'bec; akin to D. eik, G. eiche, OHG. eih, Icel. eik, Sw. ek, Dan. eeg.] 1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus. The oaks have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut, called an acorn, which is more or less inclosed in a scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly fifty occur in the United States, the rest in Europe, Asia, and the other parts of North America, a very few barely reaching the northern parts of South America and Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually hard and tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary rays, forming the silver grain. 2. The strong wood or timber of the oak. NOTE: &hand; Among the true oaks in America are: Barren oak, or Black-jack, Q. nigra. -- Basket oak, Q. Michauxii. -- Black oak, Q. tinctoria: -- called also yellow or quercitron oak. -- Bur oak (see under Bur.), Q. macrocarpa; -- called also over-cup or mossy-cup oak. -- Chestnut oak, Q. Prinus and Q. densiflora. -- Chinquapin oak (see under Chinquapin), Q. prinoides. -- Coast live oak, Q. agrifolia, of California; -- also called enceno. -- Live oak (see under Live), Q. virens, the best of all for shipbuilding; also, Q. Chrysolepis, of California. -- Pin oak. Same as Swamp oak. -- Post oak, Q. obtusifolia. -- Red oak, Q. rubra. -- Scarlet oak, Q. coccinea. -- Scrub oak, Q. ilicifolia, Q. undulata, etc. -- Shingle oak, Q. imbricaria. -- Spanish oak, Q. falcata. -- Swamp Spanish oak, or Pin oak, Q. palustris. -- Swamp white oak, Q. bicolor. -- Water oak, Q. aguatica. -- Water white oak, Q. lyrata. -- Willow oak, Q. Phellos. Among the true oaks in Europe are: Bitter oak, OR Turkey oak, Q. Cerris (see Cerris). -- Cork oak, Q. Suber. -- English white oak, Q. Robur. -- Evergreen oak, Holly oak, OR Holm oak, Q. Ilex. -- Kermes oak, Q. coccifera. -- Nutgall oak, Q. infectoria. NOTE: &hand; Among plants called oak, but not of the genus Quercus, are: African oak, a valuable timber tree (Oldfieldia Africana). -- Australian, OR She, oak, any tree of the genus Casuarina (see Casuarina). -- Indian oak, the teak tree (see Teak). -- Jerusalem oak. See under Jerusalem. -- New Zealand oak, a sapindaceous tree (Alectryon excelsum). -- Poison oak, the poison ivy. See under Poison. -- Silky, OR Silk-bark, oak, an Australian tree (Grevillea robusta). Green oak, oak wood colored green by the growth of the mycelium of certain fungi. -- Oak apple, a large, smooth, round gall produced on the leaves of the American red oak by a gallfly (Cynips confluens). It is green and pulpy when young. -- Oak beauty (Zo\'94l.), a British geometrid moth (Biston prodromaria) whose larva feeds on the oak. -- Oak gall, a gall found on the oak. See 2d Gall. -- Oak leather (Bot.), the mycelium of a fungus which forms leatherlike patches in the fissures of oak wood. -- Oak pruner. (Zo\'94l.) See Pruner, the insect. -- Oak spangle, a kind of gall produced on the oak by the insect Diplolepis lenticularis. -- Oak wart, a wartlike gall on the twigs of an oak. -- The Oaks, one of the three great annual English horse races (the Derby and St. Leger being the others). It was instituted in 1779 by the Earl of Derby, and so called from his estate. -- To sport one's oak, to be "not at home to visitors," signified by closing the outer (oaken) door of one's rooms. [Cant, Eng. Univ.] Oaken Oak"en (?), a. [AS. \'becen.] Made or consisting of oaks or of the wood of oaks. "In oaken bower." Milton. Oaken timber, wherewith to build ships. Bacon. Oaker Oak"er (?), n. See Ocher. [Obs.] Spenser. Oakling Oak"ling (?), n. A young oak. Evelyn. _________________________________________________________________ Page 989 Oakum Oak"um (?), n. [AS. \'becumba; pref. er-, Goth. us-, orig. meaning, out) + cemban to comb, camb comb. See Comb.] 1. The material obtained by untwisting and picking into loose fiber old hemp ropes; -- used for calking the seams of ships, stopping leaks, etc. 2. The coarse portion separated from flax or hemp in nackling. Knight. White oakum, that made from untarred rope. Oaky Oak"y (?), n. Resembling oak; strong. Bp. Hall. Oar Oar (?), n [AS. \'ber; akin to Icel. \'ber, Dan. aare, Sw. \'86ra; perh. akin to E. row, v. Cf. Rowlock.] 1. An implement for impelling a boat, being a slender piece of timber, usually ash or spruce, with a grip or handle at one end and a broad blade at the other. The part which rests in the rowlock is called the loom. NOTE: &hand; An oar is a kind of long paddle, which swings about a kind of fulcrum, called a rowlock, fixed to the side of the boat. 2. An oarsman; a rower; as, he is a good car. 3. (Zo\'94l.) An oarlike swimming organ of various invertebrates. Oar cock (Zo\'94l), the water rail. [Prov. Eng.] -- Spoon oar, an oar having the blade so curved as to afford a better hold upon the water in rowing. -- To boat the oars, to cease rowing, and lay the oars in the boat. -- To feather the oars. See under Feather., v. t. -- To lie on the oars, to cease pulling, raising the oars out of water, but not boating them; to cease from work of any kind; to be idle; to rest. -- To muffle the oars, to put something round that part which rests in the rowlock, to prevent noise in rowing. -- To put in one's oar, to give aid or advice; -- commonly used of a person who obtrudes aid or counsel not invited. -- To ship the oars, to place them in the rowlocks. -- To toss the oars, To peak the oars, to lift them from the rowlocks and hold them perpendicularly, the handle resting on the bottom of the boat. -- To trail oars, to allow them to trail in the water alongside of the boat. -- To unship the oars, to take them out of the rowlocks. Oar Oar, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Oared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oaring.] To row. "Oared himself." Shak. Oared with laboring arms. Pope. Oared Oared (?), a. 1. Furnished with oars; -- chiefly used in composition; as, a four-oared boat. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having feet adapted for swimming. (b) Totipalmate; -- said of the feet of certain birds. See Illust. of Aves. Oared shrew (Zo\'94l.), an aquatic European shrew (Crossopus ciliatus); -- called also black water shrew. Oatcake Oat"cake (?), n. A cake made of oatmeal. Oaten Oat"en (?), a. 1. Consisting of an oat straw or stem; as, an oaten pipe. Milton. 2. Made of oatmeal; as, oaten cakes. Oath Oath (?), n.; pl. Oaths (#). [OE. othe, oth, ath, AS. \'be; akin to D. eed, OS. \'c7, G. eid, Icel. ei, Sw. ed, Dan. eed, Goth. ai; cf. OIr. oeth.] 1. A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with a reverent appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed. "I have an oath in heaven" Shak. An oath of secrecy for the concealing of those [inventions] which we think fit to keep secret. Bacon. 2. A solemn affirmation, connected with a sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the temple, the altar, the blood of Abel, the Bible, the Koran, etc. 3. (Law) An appeal (in verification of a statement made) to a superior sanction, in such a form as exposes the party making the appeal to an indictment for perjury if the statement be false. 4. A careless and blasphemous use of the name of the divine Being, or anything divine or sacred, by way of appeal or as a profane exclamation or ejaculation; an expression of profane swearing. "A terrible oath" Shak. Oathable Oath"a*ble (?), a. Capable of having an oath administered to. [Obs.] Shak. Oathbreaking Oath"break`ing (?), n. The violation of an oath; perjury. Shak Oatmeal Oat"meal` (?), n. 1. Meal made of oats. Gay. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass. Ob- Ob- (?). [L. ob, prep. Cf. Epi-.] A prefix signifying to, toward, before, against, reversely, etc.; also, as a simple intensive; as in oblige, to bind to; obstacle, something standing before; object, lit., to throw against; obovate, reversely, ovate. Ob- is commonly assimilated before c, f, g, and p, to oc-, of-, og-, and op-. Obcompressed Ob"com*pressed" (?). a. [Pref. ob- + compressed.] Compressed or flattened antero-posteriorly, or in a way opposite to the usual one. Obconic, Obconical Ob*con"ic (?), Ob*con"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. ob- + conic, conical.] Conical, but having the apex downward; inversely conical. Obcordate Ob*cor"date (?), a. [Pref. ob- + cordate.] Heart-shaped, with the attachment at the pointed end; inversely cordate: as, an obcordate petal or leaf. Obdiplostemonous Ob*dip`lo*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Pref. ob- + diplostemonous.] (Bot.) Having twice as many stamens as petals, those of the outer set being opposite the petals; -- said of flowers. Gray. Obdiplostemony Ob*dip"lo*stem"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being obdiplostemonous. Obdormition Ob"dor*mi"tion (?), n. [L. obdormire to fall asleep.] Sleep. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Obduce Ob*duce" (?), v. t. [L. obducere, obductum; ob (see Ob-) + ducere to lead.] To draw over, as a covering. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Obduct Ob*duct" (, v. t. [See Obduce.] To draw over; to cover. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Obduction Ob*duc"tion (?), n. [L.obductio.] .The act of drawing or laying over, as a covering. [Obs.] Obduracy Ob"du*ra*cy (?), n. The duality or state of being obdurate; invincible hardness of heart; obstinacy. "Obduracy and persistency." Shak. The absolute completion of sin in final obduracy. South. Obdurate Ob"du*rate (?), a. [L. obduratus, p. p. of obdurare to harden; ob (see Ob-)+ durare to harden, durus hard. See Dure.] 1. Hardened in feelings, esp. against moral or mollifying influences; unyielding; hard-hearted; stubbornly wicked. The very custom of evil makes the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary. Hooker. Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel, Nay, more than flint, for stone at rain relenteth? Shak. 2. Hard; harsh; rugged; rough; intractable. "Obdurate consonants." Swift. NOTE: &hand; So metimes accented on the second syllable, especially by the older poets. There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart. Cowper. Syn. -- Hard; firm; unbending; inflexible; unyielding; stubborn; obstinate; impenitent; callous; unfeeling; insensible; unsusceptible. -- Obdurate, Callous, Hardened. Callous denotes a deadening of the sensibilities; as. a callous conscience. Hardened implies a general and settled disregard for the claims of interest, duty, and sympathy; as, hardened in vice. Obdurate implies an active resistance of the heart and will aganst the pleadings of compassion and humanity. -- Ob"du*rate*ly (#), adv. -- Ob"du*rate*ness, n. Obdurate Ob"du*rate (?), v. t. To harden. [Obs.] Obduration Ob"du*ra"tion (?), n. [L. obduratio.] A hardening of the heart; hardness of heart. [Obs.] Obdure Ob*dure" (?), v. t. To harden. [Obs.] Milton. Obdure, Obdured Ob*dure" (?), Ob*dured" (?), a. Obdurate; hard. [Obs.] This saw his hapless foes, but stood obdured. Milton. Obdureness, n., Obduredness Ob*dure"ness, n., Ob*dur"ed*ness (?), n. Hardness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Obbe Ob"be (?), n. See Obi. Obeah O*be"ah (?). n. Same as Obi. -- a. Of or pertaining to obi; as, the obeah man. B. Edwards. Obedible O*be"di*ble (?), a. Obedient. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Obedience O*be"di*ence (?), n. [F. ob\'82dience, L. obedientia, oboedientia. See Obedient, and cf.Obeisance.] 1. The act of obeying, or the state of being obedient; compliance with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful restraint or control. Government must compel the obedience of individuals. Ames. 2. Words or actions denoting submission to authority; dutifulness. Shak. 3. (Eccl.) (a) A following; a body of adherents; as, the Roman Catholic obedience, or the whole body of persons who submit to the authority of the pope. (b) A cell (or offshoot of a larger monastery) governed by a prior. (c) One of the three monastic vows. Shipley. (d) The written precept of a superior in a religious order or congregation to a subject. Canonical obedience. See under Canonical. -- Passive obedience. See under Passive. Obedienciary O*be`di*en"ci*a*ry (?), n. One yielding obedience. [Obs.] Foxe. Obedient O*be"di*ent (?), a. [OF. obedient, L. obediens, oboediens, -entis. p.pr. of obedire, oboedire, to obey. See Obey.] Subject in will or act to authority; willing to obey; submissive to restraint, control, or command. And floating straight, obedient to the stream. Shak. The chief his orders gives; the obedient band, With due observance, wait the chief's command. Pope. Syn. -- Dutiful; respectful; compliant; submissive. Obediential O*be`di*en"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. ob\'82dientiel.] According to the rule of obedience. [R.] An obediental subjection to the Lord of Nature. Sir M. Hale. Obediently O*be"di*ent*ly (?), adv. In an obedient manner; with obedience. Obeisance O*bei"sance (?), n. [F. ob\'82issance obedience, fr. ob\'82issant. See Obey, and cf. Obedience, Abaisance.] 1. Obedience. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A manifestation of obedience; an expression of difference or respect; homage; a bow; a courtesy. Bathsheba bowed and did obeisance unto the king. 1 Kings i. 16. Obeisancy O*bei"san*cy (?), n. See Obeisance. [Obs.] Obeisant O*bei"sant (?), a. [F. ob\'82issant, p.pr. of ob\'82ir to obey.] Ready to obey; reverent; differential; also, servilely submissive. Obelion O*be"li*on (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The region of the skull between the two parietal foramina where the closure of the sagittal suture usually begins. Obeliscal Ob`e*lis"cal (?), a. Formed like an obelisk. Obelisk Ob"e*lisk (?), n. [L. obeliscus, Gr. ob\'82lisque.] 1. An upright, four-sided pillar, gradually tapering as it rises, and terminating in a pyramid called pyramidion. It is ordinarily monolithic. Egyptian obelisks are commonly covered with hieroglyphic writing from top to bottom. 2. (Print.) A mark of reference; -- called also dagger [&dag;]. See Dagger, n., 2. Obelisk Ob"e*lisk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obelisked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obelisking.] To mark or designate with an obelisk. Obelize Ob"e*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obelizing (?).] [Gr. Obelus.] To designate with an obelus; to mark as doubtful or spirituous. [R.] Obelus Ob"e*lus (?), n.; pl. Obeli (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Print.) A mark [thus --, or \'f6]; -- so called as resembling a needle. In old MSS. or editions of the classics, it marks suspected passages or readings. Obequitate Ob*eq"ui*tate (?), v. i. [L. obequitatus, p.p. of obequitare to ride about.] To ride about. [Obs.] -- Ob*eq`ui*ta"tion (#), n. [Obs.] Cockerman. Oberon Ob"er*on (?), n. [F., fr. OF. Auberon; prob. of Frankish origin.] (Medi\'91val Mythol.) The king of the fairies, and husband of Titania or Queen Mab. Shak. Oberration Ob`er*ra"tion (?), n. [L. oberrate to wander about.] A wandering about. [Obs.] Jonhson. Obese O*bese" (?). a. [L. obesus eaten away, lean; also, that has eaten itself fat, fat, stout, p.p. of obedere to devour; ob (see Ob-) + edere to eat. See Eat.] Excessively corpulent; fat; fleshy. Obeseness O*bese"ness, n. Quality of being obese; obesity. Obesity O*bes"i*ty (?), n.[L. obesitas: cf.F. ob\'82sit\'82.] The state or quality of being obese; incumbrance of flesh. Obey O*bey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obeying.] [OE. obeyen, F. ob\'82ir, fr. L. obedire, oboedire; ob (see Ob-) + audire to hear. See Audible, and cf. Obeisance.] 1. To give ear to; to execute the commands of; to yield submission to; to comply with the orders of. Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1. Was she the God, that her thou didst obey? Milton. 2. To submit to the authority of; to be ruled by. My will obeyed his will. Chaucer. Afric and India shall his power obey. Dryden. 3. To yield to the impulse, power, or operation of; as, a ship obeys her helm. Obey O*bey", v. i. To give obedience. Will he obey when one commands? Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; By so me ol d writers obey was used, as in the French idiom, with the preposition to. His servants ye are, to whom ye obey. Rom. vi. 16. He commanded the trumpets to sound: to which the two brave knights obeying, they performed their courses. Sir. P. Sidney. Obeyer O*bey"er (?), n. One who yields obedience. Holland. Obeyingly O*bey"ing*ly, adv. Obediently; submissively. Obfirm, Obfirmate Ob*firm" (?), Ob*firm"ate (?), v. t. [L. obfirmatus, p.p. of obfirmare to make steadfast. See Ob-, and Firm, v. t.] To make firm; to harden in resolution. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Sheldon. Obfirmation Ob"fir*ma"tion (?), n. [LL. obfirmatio.] Hardness of heart; obduracy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Obfuscate Ob*fus"cate (?), a. [L. obfuscatus, p.p. of obfuscare to darken; ob (see Ob-) + fuscare, fuscatum, to darken, from fuscus dark.] Obfuscated; darkened; obscured. [Obs.] [Written also offuscate.] Sir. T. Elyot. Obfuscate Ob*fus"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obfuscated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obfuscating.] To darken; to obscure; to becloud; hence, to confuse; to bewilder. His head, like a smokejack, the funnel unswept, and the ideas whirling round and round about in it, all obfuscated and darkened over with fuliginous matter. Sterne. Clouds of passion which might obfuscate the intellects of meaner females. Sir. W. Scott. _________________________________________________________________ Page 990 Obfuscation Ob`fus*ca"tion (?), n. [L. obfuscatio.] The act of darkening or bewildering; the state of being darkened. "Obfuscation of the cornea." E. Darwin. Obi O"bi (?), n. [Prob. of African origin.] 1. A species of sorcery, probably of African origin, practiced among the negroes of the West Indies. [Written also obe and obeah.] De Quincey. B. Edwards. <-- 2. (Japanese) a belt-like sash worn around a woman's kimono --> 2. A charm or fetich. [West Indies] B. Edwards. Obimbricate Ob*im"bri*cate (?), a. [Pref. ob- + imbricate.] (Bot.) Imbricated, with the overlapping ends directed downward. Obit O"bit (?), n. [OF. obit, L. obitus, fr. obire to go against, to go to meet, (sc.mortem) to die; ob (see Ob-) + ire to go. See Issue.] 1. Death; decease; the date of one's death. Wood. 2. A funeral solemnity or office; obsequies. 3. A service for the soul of a deceased person on the anniversary of the day of his death. The emoluments and advantages from oblations, obits, and other sources, increased in value. Milman. Post obit [L. post obitum]. See Post-obit. Obiter Ob"i*ter (?), adv. [L., on the way; ob (see Ob-) + iter a going, a walk, way.] In passing; incidentally; by the way. Obiter dictum (Law), an incidental and collateral opinion uttered by a judge. See Dictum, n., 2(a). Obitual O*bit"u*al (?), a. [L. obitus death. See Obit.] Of or pertaining to obits, or days when obits are celebrated; as, obitual days. Smart. Obituarily O*bit"u*a*ri*ly (?), adv. In the manner of an obituary. Obiyuary O*biy"u*a*ry (?), a. [See Obit.] Of or pertaining to the death of a person or persons; as, an obituary notice; obituary poetry. Obituary O*bit"u*a*ry, n.; pl. Obituaries (#). [Cf. F. obituaire. See Obit.] 1. That which pertains to, or is called forth by, the obit or death of a person; esp., an account of a deceased person; a notice of the death of a person, accompanied by a biographical sketch. 2. (R.C.Ch.) A list of the dead, or a register of anniversary days when service is performed for the dead. Object Ob*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Objected; p. pr. & vb. n. Objecting.] [L. objectus, p.p. of objicere, obicere, to throw or put before, to oppose; ob (see Ob-) + jacere to throw: cf. objecter. See Jet a shooting forth.] 1. To set before or against; to bring into opposition; to oppose. [Obs.] Of less account some knight thereto object, Whose loss so great and harmful can not prove. Fairfax. Some strong impediment or other objecting itself. Hooker. Pallas to their eyes The mist objected, and condensed the skies. Pope. 2. To offer in opposition as a criminal charge or by way of accusation or reproach; to adduce as an objection or adverse reason. He gave to him to object his heinous crime. Spencer. Others object the poverty of the nation. Addison. The book ... giveth liberty to object any crime against such as are to be ordered. Whitgift. Object Ob*ject", v. i. To make opposition in words or argument; -- usually followed by to. Sir. T. More. Object Ob"ject (?), n. [L. objectus. See Object, v. t.] 1. That which is put, or which may be regarded as put, in the way of some of the senses; something visible or tangible; as, he observed an object in the distance; all the objects in sight; he touched a strange object in the dark. 2. That which is set, or which may be regarded as set, before the mind so as to be apprehended or known; that of which the mind by any of its activities takes cognizance, whether a thing external in space or a conception formed by the mind itself; as, an object of knowledge, wonder, fear, thought, study, etc. Object is a term for that about which the knowing subject is conversant; what the schoolmen have styled the "materia circa quam." Sir. W. Hamilton. The object of their bitterest hatred. Macaulay. 3. That by which the mind, or any of its activities, is directed; that on which the purpose are fixed as the end of action or effort; that which is sought for; end; aim; motive; final cause.<-- = goal --> Object, beside its proper signification, came to be abusively applied to denote motive, end, final cause.... This innovation was probably borrowed from the French. Sir. W. Hamilton. Let our object be, our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country. D. Webster. 4. Sight; show; appearance; aspect. [Obs.] Shak. He, advancing close Up to the lake, past all the rest, arose In glorious object. Chapman. 5. (Gram.) A word, phrase, or clause toward which an action is directed, or is considered to be directed; as, the object of a transitive verb. Object glass, the lens, or system of lenses, placed at the end of a telescope, microscope, etc., which is toward the object. Its office is to form an image of the object, which is then viewed by the eyepiece. Called also objective. See Illust. of Microscope. -- Object lesson, a lesson in which object teaching is made use of. -- Object staff. (Leveling) Same as Leveling staff. -- Object teaching, a method of instruction, in which illustrative objects are employed, each new word or idea being accompanied by a representation of that which it signifies; -- used especially in the kindergarten, for young children. Object Ob*ject" (?), a. [L. objectus, p. p.] Opposed; presented in opposition; also, exposed. [Obs.] Objectable Ob*ject"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be presented in opposition; that may be put forward as an objection. [R.] Objectify Ob*jec"ti*fy (?), v. t. [Object + -fy.] To cause to become an object; to cause to assume the character of an object; to render objective. J. D. Morell. Objection Ob*jec"tion (?), n. [L. objectio: cf. F. objection.] 1. The act of objecting; as, to prevent agreement, or action, by objection. Johnson. 2. That which is, or may be, presented in opposition; an adverse reason or argument; a reason for objecting; obstacle; impediment; as, I have no objection to going; unreasonable objections. "Objections against every truth." Tyndale. 3. Cause of trouble; sorrow. [Obs. or R.] He remembers the objection that lies in his bosom, and he sighs deeply. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- Exception; difficulty; doubt; scruple. Objectionable Ob*jec"tion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to objection; likely to be objected to or disapproved of; offensive; as, objectionable words. -- Ob*jec"tion*a*bly, adv. Objectist Ob"ject*ist (?), n. One who adheres to, or is skilled in, the objective philosophy. Ed. Rev. Objectivate Ob*jec"ti*vate (?), v. t. To objectify. Objectivation Ob*jec`ti*va"tion (?), n. Converting into an object. Objective Ob*jec"tive (?), a. [Cf.F. objectif.] 1. Of or pertaining to an object. 2. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to an object; contained in, or having the nature or position of, an object; outward; external; extrinsic; -- an epithet applied to whatever ir exterior to the mind, or which is simply an object of thought or feeling, and opposed to subjective. In the Middle Ages, subject meant substance, and has this sense in Descartes and Spinoza: sometimes, also, in Reid. Subjective is used by William of Occam to denote that which exists independent of mind; objective, what is formed by the mind. This shows what is meant by realitas objectiva in Descartes. Kant and Fichte have inverted the meanings. Subject, with them, is the mind which knows; object, that which is known; subjective, the varying conditions of the knowing mind; objective, that which is in the constant nature of the thing known. Trendelenburg. Objective means that which belongs to, or proceeds from, the object known, and not from the subject knowing, and thus denotes what is real, in opposition to that which is ideal -- what exists in nature, in contrast to what exists merely in the thought of the individual. Sir. W. Hamilton. Objective has come to mean that which has independent exostence or authority, apart from our experience or thought. Thus, moral law is said to have objective authority, that is, authority belonging to itself, and not drawn from anything in our nature. Calderwood (Fleming's Vocabulary). 3. (Gram.) Pertaining to, or designating, the case which follows a transitive verb or a preposition, being that case in which the direct object of the verb is placed. See Accusative, n. NOTE: &hand; Th e ob jective ca se is fr equently us ed wi thout a governing word, esp. in designations of time or space, where a preposition, as at, in, on, etc., may be supplied. My troublous dream [on] this night make me sad. Shak. To write of victories [in or for] next year. Hudibras. Objective line (Perspective), a line drawn on the geometrical plane which is represented or sought to be represented. -- Objective plane (Perspective), any plane in the horizontal plane that is represented. -- Objective point, the point or result to which the operations of an army are directed. By extension, the point or purpose to which anything, as a journey or an argument, is directed. Syn. -- Objective, Subjective. Objective is applied to things exterior to the mind, and objects of its attention; subjective, to the operations of the mind itself. Hence, an objective motive is some outward thing awakening desire; a subjective motive is some internal feeling or propensity. Objective views are those governed by outward things; subjective views are produced or modified by internal feeling. Sir Walter Scott's poetry is chiefly objective; that of Wordsworth is eminently subjective. In the philosophy of mind, subjective denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, the ego; objective what belongs to the object of thought, the non-ego. Sir. W. Hamilton Objective Ob*jec"tive, n. 1. (Gram.) The objective case. 2. An object glass. See under Object, n. 3. Same as Objective point, under Objective, a. Objectively Ob*jec"tive*ly, adv. In the manner or state of an object; as, a determinate idea objectively in the mind. Objectiveness Ob*jec"tive*ness, n. Objectivity. Is there such a motion or objectiveness of external bodies, which produceth light? Sir M. Hale Objectivity Ob`jec*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.F. objectivit\'82.] The state, quality, or relation of being objective; character of the object or of the objective. The calm, the cheerfulness, the disinterested objectivity have disappeared [in the life of the Greeks]. M. Arnold. Obectize Ob"ect*ize (?), v. t. To make an object of; to regard as an object; to place in the position of an object. In the latter, as objectized by the former, arise the emotions and affections. Coleridge. Objectless Ob"ject*less, a. Having no object; purposeless. Objector Ob*ject"or (?), n. [L., an accuser.] One who objects; one who offers objections to a proposition or measure. Objibways Ob*jib"ways (?), n.pl. See Chippeways. Objicient Ob*jic"i*ent (?), n. [L. objiciens, p.pr. of objicere to object.] One who makes objection; an objector. [R.] Cardinal Wiseman. Objuration Ob`ju*ra"tion (?), n. [L. objurare to bind by oath; ob (see Ob-) + jurare to swear, fr. jus right.] A binding by oath. [R.] Abp. Bramhall. Objurgate Ob*jur"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Objurgated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Objurgating.] [L.objurgatus, p.p. of objurgare to chide; ob (see Ob-) + jurgare to quarrel, scold, fr. jus right, court. See Jury.] To chide; to reprove. Objurgation Ob`jur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. objurgatio: cf.F.objurgation.] The act of objurgating; reproof. While the good lady was bestowing this objurgation on Mr.Ben Allen. Dickens. With a strong objurgation of the elbow in his ribs. Landor. Objurgatory Ob*jur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. objurgatorius.] Designed to objurgate or chide; containing or expressing reproof; culpatory. Bancroft. The objurgatory question of the Pharisees. Paley. Oblanceolate Ob*lan"ce*o*late (?), a. [Pref. ob- + lanceolate.] Lanceolate in the reversed order, that is, narrowing toward the point of attachment more than toward the apex. Oblate Ob*late" (?), a. [L. oblatus, used as p.p. of offerre to bring forward, offer, dedicate; ob (see Ob-) + latus borne, for tlatus. See Tolerate.] 1. (Geom.) Flattened or depressed at the poles; as, the earth is an oblate spheroid. 2. Offered up; devoted; consecrated; dedicated; -- used chiefly or only in the titles of Roman Catholic orders. See Oblate, n. Oblate ellipsoid OR spheroid (Geom.), a solid generated by the revolution of an ellipse about its minor axis; an oblatum. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid. Oblate Ob*late", n. [From Oblate, a.] (R.C.Ch.) (a) One of an association of priests or religious women who have offered themselves to the service of the church. There are three such associations of priests, and one of women, called oblates. (b) One of the Oblati. Oblateness Ob*late"ness, n. The quality or state of being oblate. Oblati Ob*la"ti (?), n. pl. [LL., fr. L. oblatus. See Oblate.] (R.C.Ch.) (a) Children dedicated in their early years to the monastic state. (b) A class of persons, especially in the Middle Ages, who offered themselves and their property to a monastery. Addis & Arnold. Oblation Ob*la"tion (?), n. [L. oblatio: cf. F. oblation. See Oblate.] 1. The act of offering, or of making an offering. Locke. 2. Anything offered or presented in worship or sacred service; an offering; a sacrifice. A peculiar ... oblation given to God. Jer. Taylor. A pin was the usual oblation. Sir. W. Scott. 3. A gift or contribution made to a church, as for the expenses of the eucharist, or for the support of the clergy and the poor. Oblationer Ob*la"tion*er (?), n. One who makes an offering as an act worship or reverence. Dr. H. More. Oblatrate Ob*la"trate (?), v. i. [L. oblatratus, p.p. of oblatrare to bark against.] To bark or snarl, as a dog. [Obs.] Oblatration Ob`la*tra"tion (?), n. The act of oblatrating; a barking or snarling. Bp. Hall. Oblatum Ob*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Oblata (#). [NL. See Oblate.] (Geom.) An oblate spheroid; a figure described by the revolution of an ellipse about its minor axis. Cf. Oblongum. Oblectate Ob*lec"tate (?), v. t. [L. oblectatus, p.p. of oblectare.] To delight; to please greatly. [Obs.] Oblectation Ob"lec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. oblectatio.] The act of pleasing highly; the state of being greatly pleased; delight. [R.] Feltham. Obligable Ob"li*ga*ble (?), a. Acknowledging, or complying with, obligation; trustworthy. [R.] The main difference between people seems to be, that one man can come under obligations on which you can rely, -- is obligable; and another is not. Emerson. Obligate Ob"li*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obligated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obligating.] [L. obligatus, p.p. of obligare. See Oblige.] 1. To bring or place under obligation, moral or legal; to hold by a constraining motive. "Obligated by a sense of duty." Proudfit. That's your true plan -- to obligate The present ministers of state. Churchill. 2. To bind or firmly hold to an act; to compel; to constrain; to bind to any act of duty or courtesy by a formal pledge. That they may not incline or be obligated to any vile or lowly occupations. Landor. Obligation Ob"li*ga"tion (?), n. [F. obligation. L. obligatio. See Oblige.] 1. The act of obligating. 2. That which obligates or constrains; the binding power of a promise, contract, oath, or vow, or of law; that which constitutes legal or moral duty. A tender conscience is a stronger obligation than a proson. Fuller. 3. Any act by which a person becomes bound to do something to or for anouther, or to forbear something; external duties imposed by law, promise, or contract, by the relations of society, or by courtesy, kindness, etc. Every man has obligations which belong to his station. Duties extend beyond obligation, and direct the affections, desires, and intentions, as well as the actions. Whewell. 4. The state of being obligated or bound; the state of being indebted for an act of favor or kindness; as, to place others under obligations to one. 5. (Law) A bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty for nonfulfillment. In a larger sense, it is an acknowledgment of a duty to pay a certain sum or do a certain things. Days of obligation. See under Day. Obligato Ob"li*ga"to (?), a. [It.] See Obbligato. Obligatorily Ob"li*ga*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In an obligatory manner; by reason of obligation. Foxe. Obligatoriness Ob"li*ga*to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being obligatory. Obligatory Ob"li*ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. obligatorius: cf.F. obligatoire.] Binding in law or conscience; imposing duty or obligation; requiring performance or forbearance of some act; -- often followed by on or upon; as, obedience is obligatory on a soldier. As long as the law is obligatory, so long our obedience is due. Jer. Taylor. Oblige O*blige" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obliged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obliging (?).] [OF. obligier, F.obliger, L. obligare; ob (see Ob-) + ligare to bind. See Ligament, and cf. Obligate.] 1. To attach, as by a bond. [Obs.] He had obliged all the senators and magistrates firmly to himself. Bacon. 2. To constrain by physical, moral, or legal force; to put under obligation to do or forbear something. The obliging power of the law is neither founded in, nor to be measured by, the rewards and punishments annexed to it. South. Religion obliges men to the practice of those virtues which conduce to the preservation of our health. Tillotson. 3. To bind by some favor rendered; to place under a debt; hence, to do a favor to; to please; to gratify; to accommodate. Thus man, by his own strength, to heaven would soar, And would not be obliged to God for more. Dryden. The gates before it are brass, and the whole much obliged to Pope Urban VIII. Evelyn. I shall be more obliged to you than I can express. Mrs. E. Montagu. _________________________________________________________________ Page 991 Obligee Ob"li*gee" (?), n. [F. oblig\'82, p.p. of obliger. See Oblige.] The person to whom another is bound, or the person to whom a bond is given. Blackstone. Obligement O*blige"ment (?), n. Obligation. [R.] I will not resist, therefore, whatever it is, either of divine or human obligement, that you lay upon me. Milton. Obliger O*bli"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, obliges. Sir H. Wotton. Obliging O*bli"ging, a. Putting under obligation; disposed to oblige or do favors; hence, helpful; civil; kind. Mons.Strozzi has many curiosities, and is very obliging to a stranger who desires the sight of them. Addison. Syn. -- Civil; complaisant; courteous; kind, -- Obliging, Kind, Complaisant. One is kind who desires to see others happy; one is complaisant who endeavors to make them so in social intercourse by attentions calculated to please; one who is obliging performs some actual service, or has the disposition to do so. -- O*bli"ging*ly. adv. -- O*bli"ging*ness, n. Obligor Ob`li*gor" (?), n. The person who binds himself, or gives his bond to another. Blackstone. Obliquation Ob`li*qua"tion (?), n. [L. obliquatio, fr. obliquare to turn obliquely. See Oblique.] 1. The act of becoming oblique; a turning to one side; obliquity; as, the obliquation of the eyes. [R.] Sir T. Browne. 2. Deviation from moral rectitude. [R.] Oblique Ob*lique" (?), a. [F., fr. L. obliquus; ob (see Ob-) + liquis oblique; cf. licinus bent upward, Gr [Written also oblike.] 1. Not erect or perpendicular; neither parallel to, nor at right angles from, the base; slanting; inclined. It has a direction oblique to that of the former motion. Cheyne. 2. Not straightforward; indirect; obscure; hence, disingenuous; underhand; perverse; sinister. The love we bear our friends... Hath in it certain oblique ends. Drayton. This mode of oblique research, when a more direct one is denied, we find to be the only one in our power. De Quincey. Then would be closed the restless, oblique eye. That looks for evil, like a treacherous spy. Wordworth. 3. Not direct in descent; not following the line of father and son; collateral. His natural affection in a direct line was strong, in an oblique but weak. Baker. Oblique angle, Oblique ascension, etc. See under Angle,Ascension, etc. -- Oblique arch (Arch.), an arch whose jambs are not at right angles with the face, and whose intrados is in consequence askew. -- Oblique bridge, a skew bridge. See under Bridge, n. -- Oblique case (Gram.), any case except the nominative. See Case, n. -- Oblique circle (Projection), a circle whose plane is oblique to the axis of the primitive plane. -- Oblique fire (Mil.), a fire the direction of which is not perpendicular to the line fired at. -- Oblique flank (Fort.), that part of the curtain whence the fire of the opposite bastion may be discovered. Wilhelm. -- Oblique leaf. (Bot.) (a) A leaf twisted or inclined from the normal position. (b) A leaf having one half different from the other. -- Oblique line (Geom.), a line that, meeting or tending to meet another, makes oblique angles with it. -- Oblique motion (Mus.), a kind of motion or progression in which one part ascends or descends, while the other prolongs or repeats the same tone, as in the accompanying example.<-- illustr. of oblique motion, 1 bar 4/4 --> -- Oblique muscle (Anat.), a muscle acting in a direction oblique to the mesial plane of the body, or to the associated muscles; -- applied especially to two muscles of the eyeball. -- Oblique narration. See Oblique speech. -- Oblique planes (Dialing), planes which decline from the zenith, or incline toward the horizon. -- Oblique sailing (Naut.), the movement of a ship when she sails upon some rhumb between the four cardinal points, making an oblique angle with the meridian. -- Oblique speech (Rhet.), speech which is quoted indirectly, or in a different person from that employed by the original speaker. -- Oblique sphere (Astron. & Geog.), the celestial or terrestrial sphere when its axis is oblique to the horizon of the place; or as it appears to an observer at any point on the earth except the poles and the equator. -- Oblique step (Mil.), a step in marching, by which the soldier, while advancing, gradually takes ground to the right or left at an angle of about 25°. It is not now practiced. Wilhelm. -- Oblique system of co\'94rdinates (Anal. Geom.), a system in which the co\'94rdinate axes are oblique to each other. Oblique Ob*lique", n. (Geom.) An oblique line. Oblique Ob*lique", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Obliqued (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Obliquing.] 1. To deviate from a perpendicular line; to move in an oblique direction. Projecting his person towards it in a line which obliqued from the bottom of his spine. Sir. W. Scott. 2. (Mil.) To march in a direction oblique to the line of the column or platoon; -- formerly accomplished by oblique steps, now by direct steps, the men half-facing either to the right or left. Oblique-angled Ob*lique"-an`gled (?), a. Having oblique angles; as, an oblique-angled triangle. Obliquely Ob*lique"ly, adv. In an oblique manner; not directly; indirectly. "Truth obliquely leveled." Bp. Fell. Declining from the noon of day, The sun obliquely shoots his burning ray. Pope His discourse tends obliquely to the detracting from others. Addison. Obliqueness Ob*lique"ness, n. Quality or state of being oblique. Obliquity Ob*liq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Obliquities (#). [L. obliquitas: cf. F. obliquit\'82.] 1. The condition of being oblique; deviation from a right line; deviation from parallelism or perpendicularity; the amount of such deviation; divergence; as, the obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator. 2. Deviation from ordinary rules; irregularity; deviation from moral rectitude. To disobey [God]...imports a moral obliquity. South. Oblite Ob"lite (?), a. [L. oblitus, p.p. pf oblinere to besmear.] Indistinct; slurred over. [Obs.] "Obscure and oblite mention." Fuller. Obliterate Ob*lit"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obliterated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obliterating.] [L. obliteratus, p.p. of obliterare to obliterate; ob (see Ob-) + litera, littera, letter. See Letter.] 1. To erase or blot out; to efface; to render undecipherable, as a writing. 2. To wear out; to remove or destroy utterly by any means; to render imperceptible; as. to obliterate ideas; to obliterate the monuments of antiquity. The harsh and bitter feelings of this or that experience are slowly obliterated. W. Black. Obliterate Ob*lit"er*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Scarcely distinct; -- applied to the markings of insects. Obliteration Ob*lit`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. obliteratio: cf.F. oblit\'82ration.] The act of obliterating, or the state of being obliterated; extinction. Sir. M. Hale. Obliterative Ob*lit"er*a*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to obliterate. Oblivion Ob*liv"i*on (?), n. [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf. OF. oblivion.] 1. The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness. Second childishness and mere oblivion. Shak. Among our crimes oblivion may be set. Dryden The origin of our city will be buried in eternal oblivion. W. Irving. 2. Official ignoring of offenses; amnesty, or general pardon; as, an act of oblivion. Sir J. Davies. Syn. -- See Forgetfulness. Oblivious Ob*liv"i*ous (?), a. [L.obliviosus: cf.F. oblivieux.] 1. Promoting oblivion; causing forgetfulness. "The oblivious pool." Milton. She lay in deep, oblivious slumber. Longfellow. 2. Evincing oblivion; forgetful. Through are both weak in body and oblivious. Latimer. -- Obliv"i*ous*ly, adv. -- Ob*liv"i*ous*ness, n. Foxe. Oblocutor Ob*loc"u*tor (?), n. [L. oblocutor, obloquutor, fr. obloqui, oblocutus, to speak against; ob (see Ob-) + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] A disputer; a gainsayer. [Obs.] Bale. Oblong Ob"long (?), a. [L. oblongus; ob (see Ob-) + longus long: cf. F. oblong.] Having greater length than breadth, esp. when rectangular. Oblong Ob"long, n. A rectangular figure longer than it is broad; hence, any figure longer than it is broad. The best figure of a garden I esteem an oblong upon a descent. Sir W. Temple. Oblongata Ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder. Oblongatal Ob"lon*ga"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the medulla oblongata; medullar. Oblongish Ob"long*ish (?), a. Somewhat oblong. Oblongly Ob"long*ly, adv. In an oblong form. Oblongness Ob"long*ness, n. State or quality of being oblong. Oblong-ovate Ob"long-o"vate (?), a. Between oblong and ovate, but inclined to the latter. Oblongum Ob*lon"gum (?), n.; pl. Oblonga (#). [NL. See Oblong.] (Geom.) A prolate spheroid; a figure described by the revolution of an ellipse about its greater axis. Cf. Oblatum, and see Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid. Obloquious Ob*lo"qui*ous (?), a. Containing obloquy; reproachful [R.] Naunton. Obloquy Ob"lo*quy (?), n. [L. obloquium, fr. obloqui. See Oblocutor.] 1. Censorious speech; defamatory language; language that casts contempt on men or their actions; blame; reprehension. Shall names that made yuor city the glory of the earth be mentioned with obloquy and detraction? Addison. 2. Cause of reproach; disgrace. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Reproach; odium; censure; contumely; gainsaying; reviling; calumny; slander; detraction. Obluctation Ob`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. oblictutio, fr. obluctari to struggle against.] A struggle against; resistance; opposition. [Obs.] Fotherby. Obmutescence Ob`mu*tes"cence (?), n. [L. obmutescens, p.pr of obmutescere to become dumb; ob (see Ob-) + mutescere to grow dumb, fr. mutus dumb.] 1. A becoming dumb; loss of speech. Sir T. Browne. 2. A keeping silent or mute. Paley. Obnoxlous Ob*nox"lous (?), a. [L. obnoxius; ob (see Ob-) + noxius hurtful. See Noxious.] 1. Subject; liable; exposed; answerable; amenable; -- with to. The writings of lawyers, which are tied obnoxious to their particular laws. Bacon. Esteeming it more honorable to live on the public than to be obnoxious to any private purse. Milton. Obnoxious, first or last, To basest things Milton. 2. Liable to censure; exposed to punishment; reprehensible; blameworthy. "The contrived and interested schemes of ...obnoxious authors." Bp. Fell. All are obnoxious, and this faulty land, Like fainting Hester, does before you stand Watching your scepter. Waller. 3. Offensive; odious; hateful; as, an obnoxious statesman; a minister obnoxious to the Whigs. Burke. -- Ob*nox"ious*ly, adv. -- Ob*nox"ious*ness, n. South. Obnubilate Ob*nu"bi*late (?), v. t. [L. obnubilatus, p.p. of obnubilare to obscure. See Ob-, and Nubilate.] To cloud; to obscure. [Obs.] Burton. -- Ob*nu"bi*la"tion (#), n. [Obs.] Beddoes. Oboe O"boe (?), n. [It., fr. F. hautbois. See Hautboy.] (Mus.) One of the higher wind instruments in the modern orchestra, yet of great antiquity, having a penetrating pastoral quality of tone, somewhat like the clarinet in form, but more slender, and sounded by means of a double reed; a hautboy. Oboe d'amore [It., lit., oboe of love], and Oboe di caccia [It., lit., oboe of the chase], are names of obsolete modifications of the oboe, often found in the scores of Bach and Handel. Oboist O"bo*ist (?), n. A performer on the oboe. Obolary Ob"o*la*ry (?), a. [See Obolus.] Possessing only small coins; impoverished. [R.] Lamb. Obole Ob"ole (?), n. [Cf.F. obole. See Obolus.] (Old Pharm.) A weight of twelve grains; or, according to some, of ten grains, or half a scruple. [Written also obol.] Obolize Ob"o*lize (?), v. t. See Obelize. Obolo Ob"o*lo (?), n. [Cf. Obolus.] A copper coin, used in the Ionian Islands, about one cent in value. Obolus Ob"o*lus (?), n.;pl. Oboli (#). [L., fr Gr. ( (Gr.Antiq.) (a) A small silver coin of Athens, the sixth part of a drachma, about three cents in value. (b) An ancient weight, the sixth part of a drachm. Obomegoid Ob`o*me"goid (?), a. [Pref. ob- + omegoid.] (Zo\'94l.) Obversely omegoid. Oboval Ob*o"val (?), a. [Pref. ob- + oval.] Obovate. Obovate Ob*o"vate (?). a. [Pref. ob- + ovate.] (Bot.) Inversely ovate; ovate with the narrow end downward; as, an obovate leaf. Obreption Ob*rep"tion (?), n. [L. obreptio, fr. obrepere, obreptum, to creep up to; ob (see Ob-) + repere to creep.] 1. The act of creeping upon with secrecy or by surprise. [Obs.] Cudworth. 2. (Scots Law) The obtaining gifts of escheat by fraud or surprise. Bell. Obreptitious Ob`rep*ti"tious (?), a. [L. obreptitus. See Obreption.] Done or obtained by surprise; with secrecy, or by concealment of the truth. [R.] Cotgrave. Obrogate Ob"ro*gate (?), v. t. [L. obrogatus, p.p. of obrogare to obrogate.] To annul indirectly by enacting a new and contrary law, instead of by expressly abrogating or repealing the old one. [Obs.] Bailey. Obrok Ob"rok (?), n. [Russ. obrok'.] (a) A rent. (b) A poll tax paid by peasants absent from their lord's estate. [Russia] Brande & C. Obscene Ob*scene" (?), a/ [L. obscenus, obscaenus, obscoenus, ill looking, filthy, obscene: cf. F. obsc\'82ne.] 1. Offensive to chastity or modesty; expressing of presenting to the mind or view something which delicacy, purity, and decency forbid to be exposed; impure; as, obscene language; obscene pictures. Words that were once chaste, by frequent use grew obscene and uncleanly. I. Watts. 2. Foul; fifthy; disgusting. <-- 2 illegible chars; "bands"? --> A girdle foul with grease bobscene attire. Dryden. 3. Inauspicious; ill-omened. [R.] [A Latinism] At the cheerful light, The groaning ghosts and birds obscene take flight. Dryden. Syn. -- Impure; immodest; indecent; unchaste; lewd. -- Ob*scene"ly, adv. -- Ob*scene"ness, n. Obscenity Ob*scen"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Obscenities (#). [L. obscentias: cf.F. obsc\'82nit\'82.] That quality in words or things which presents what is offensive to chasity or purity of mind; obscene or impure lanquage or acts; moral impurity; lewdness; obsceneness; as, the obscenity of a speech, or a picture. Mr.Cowley asserts plainly, that obscenity has no place in wit. Dryden. No pardon vile obscenity should find. Pope. Obscurant Ob*scur"ant (?), n. [L. obscurans, p.pr. of obscurare to obscure.] One who obscures; one who prevents enlightenment or hinders the progress of knowledge and wisdom. Coleridge. Obscurantism Ob*scur"ant*ism (?), n. The system or the principles of the obscurants. C. Kingsley. Obscurantist Ob*scur"ant*ist, n. Same as Obscurant. Ed. Rev. Obscuration Ob`scu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. obscurativ: cf.F. obscuration. See Obscure, v. t. ] The act or operation of obscuring; the state of being obscured; as, the obscuration of the moon in an eclipse. Sir J. Herschel. Obscure Ob*scure" (?), a. [Compar. Obscurer (?); superl. Obscurest.] [L. obscurus, orig., covered; ob- (see Ob-) + a root probably meaning, to cover; cf. L. scutum shield, Skr. sku to cover: cf.F. obscur. Cf.Sky.] 1. Covered over, shaded, or darkened; destitute of light; imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim. His lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness. Prov. xx. 20. 2. Of or pertaining to darkness or night; inconspicuous to the sight; indistinctly seen; hidden; retired; remote from observation; unnoticed. The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak. The obscure corners of the earth. Sir J. Davies. 3. Not noticeable; humble; mean. "O base and obscure vulgar." Shak. "An obscure person." Atterbury. 4. Not easily understood; not clear or legible; abstruse or blind; as, an obscure passage or inscription. 5. Not clear, full, or distinct; clouded; imperfect; as, an obscure view of remote objects. Obscure rays (Opt.), those rays which are not luminous or visible, and which in the spectrum are beyond the limits of the visible portion. Syn. -- Dark; dim; darksome; dusky; shadowy; misty; abstruse; intricate; difficult; mysterious; retired; unnoticed; unknown; humble; mean; indistinct. Obscure Ob*scure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obscured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obscuring.] [L. obscurare, fr. obscurus: cf. OF. obscurer. See Obscure, a.] To render obscure; to darken; to make dim; to keep in the dark; to hide; to make less visible, intelligible, legible, glorious, beautiful, or illustrious. They are all couched in a pit hard by Herne's oak, with obscured lights. Shak. Why, 't is an office of discovery, love, And I should be obscured. Shak. There is scarce any duty which has been so obscured by the writings of learned men as this. Wake. And seest not sin obscures thy godlike frame? Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 992 Obscure Ob*scure" (?), v. i. To conceal one's self; to hide; to keep dark. [Obs.] How! There's bad news. I must obscure, and hear it. Beau. & Fl. Obscure Ob*scure", n. Obscurity. [Obs.] Milton. Obscurely Ob*scure"ly, adv. In an obscure manner. Milton. Obscurement Ob*scure"ment (?), n. The act of obscuring, or the state of being obscured; obscuration. Pomfret. Obscureness Ob*scure"ness, n. Obscurity. Bp. Hall. Obscurer Ob*scur"er (?), n. One who, or that which, obscures. Obscurity Ob*scu"ri*ty (?), n. [L. obscuritas: cf. F. obscurit\'82.] The quality or state of being obscure; darkness; privacy; inconspicuousness; unintelligibleness; uncertainty. Yuo are not for obscurity designed. Dryden. They were now brought forth from obscurity, to be contemplated by artists with admiration and despair. Macaulay. Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; gloom. See Darkness. Obsecrate Ob"se*crate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obsecrated (?); p. pr. & vb, n. Obsecrating.] [L. obsecratus, p.p. of obsecrare, prop., to ask on religious grounds; ob (see Ob-) + sacrare to declare as sacred, from sacer sacred.] To beseech; to supplicate; to implore. [R.]. Cockerman. Obsecration Ob"se*cra"tion (?), n. [L. obsecratio: cf. F. obsecration.] 1. The act of obsecrating or imploring; as, the obsecrations of the Litany, being those clauses beginning with "By." Bp. Stillingfeet. Shipley. 2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the orator implores the assistance of God or man. Obsecratory Ob"se*cra*to*ry (?), a. Expressing, or used in, entreaty; supplicatory. [R.] Bp. Hall. Obsequent Ob"se*quent (?), a. [L. obsequens, p.pr. of obsequi; ob (see Ob-) + sequi. See Sequence.] Obedient; submissive; obsequious. [Obs.] Fotherby. Obsequience Ob*se"qui*ence (?), n. Obsequiousness. [R.] Obsequies Ob"se*quies (?), n.pl. See Obsequy. Obsequious Ob*se"qui*ous (?), a. [L.obsequiosus, fr. obsequium compliance, fr. obsequi, fr. obsequi: cf. F. obs\'82quieux, See Obsequent, and cf. Obsequy.] 1. Promptly obedient, or submissive, to the will of another; compliant; yielding to the desires of another; devoted. [Obs.] His servants weeping, Obsequious to his orders, bear him hither. Addison. 2. Servilely or meanly attentive; compliant to excess; cringing; fawning; as, obsequious flatterer, parasite. There lies ever in "obsequious" at the present the sense of an observance which is overdone, of an unmanly readiness to fall in with the will of another. Trench. 3. [See Obsequy.] Of or pertaining to obsequies; funereal. [R.] "To do obsequious sorrow." Shak. Syn. -- Compliant; obedient; servile. See Yielding. Obsequiously Ob*se"qui*ous*ly, adv. 1. In an obsequious manner; compliantly; fawningly. Dryden. 2. In a manner appropriate to obsequies. [Obs.] Whilst I a while obsequiously lament The untimely fall of virtuous Lancaster. Shak. Obsequiousness Ob*se"qui*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being obsequious. South. Obsequy Ob"se*quy (?), n.; pl. Obsequies (#). [L. obsequiae, pl., funeral rites, fr. obsequi: cf.F. obs\'8aques. See Obsequent, and cf. Obsequious.] 1. The last duty or service to a person, rendered after his death; hence, a rite or ceremony pertaining to burial; -- now used only in the plural. Spencer. I will...fetch him hence, and solemnly attend, With silent obsequy and funeral train. Milton I will myself Be the chief mourner at his obsequies. Dryden. The funeral obsequies were decently and privately performed by his family J. P. Mahaffy. 2. Obsequiousness. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Observable Ob*serv"a*ble (?), a. [L. observabilis: cf.F. observable.] Worthy or capable of being observed; discernible; noticeable; remarkable. Sir. T. Browne. The difference is sufficiently observable. Southey. -- Ob*serv"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ob*serv"a*bly, adv. Observance Ob*serv"ance (?), n. [F.observance, L. observantia. See Observant.] 1. The act or practice of observing or noticing with attention; a heeding or keeping with care; performance; -- usually with a sense of strictness and fidelity; as, the observance of the Sabbath is general; the strict observance of duties. It is a custom More honored in the breach than the observance. Shak. 2. An act, ceremony, or rite, as of worship or respect; especially, a customary act or service of attention; a form; a practice; a rite; a custom. At dances These young folk kept their observances. Chaucer. Use all the observance of civility. Shak. Some represent to themselves the whole of religion as consisting in a few easy observances. Rogers. O I that wasted time to tend upon her, To compass her with sweet observances! Tennyson. 3. Servile attention; sycophancy. [Obs.] Salads and flesh, such as their haste could get, Served with observance. Chapman. This is not atheism, But court observance. Beau. & Fl. Syn. -- Observance, Observation. These words are discriminated by the two distinct senses of observe. To observe means (1) to keep strictly; as, to observe a fast day, and hence, observance denotes the keeping or heeding with strictness; (2) to consider attentively, or to remark; and hence, observation denotes either the act of observing, or some remark made as the result thereof. We do not say the observation of Sunday, though the word was formerly so used. The Pharisees were curious in external observances; the astronomers are curious in celestial observations. Love rigid honesty, And strict observance of impartial laws. Roscommon. Observancy Ob*serv"an*cy (?), n. Observance. [Obs.] Observandum Ob*ser`van"dum (?), n.; pl. Observanda (#). [L.] A thing to be observed. Swift. Observant Ob*serv"ant (?), a. [L. observans, -anits, p. pr. of observare: cf. F. observant. See Observe.] 1. Taking notice; viewing or noticing attentively; watchful; attentive; as, an observant spectator; observant habits. Wandering from clime to clime observant stray'd. Pope. 2. Submissively attentive; obediently watchful; regardful; mindful; obedient (to); -- with of, as, to be observant of rules. We are told how observant Alexander was of his master Aristotle. Sir K. Digby. Observant Ob*serv"ant, n. 1. One who observes forms and rules. [Obs.] Hooker. 2. A sycophantic servant. [Obs.] Silly ducking observants, That stretch their duties nicely. Shak. 3. (R.C.Ch.) An Observantine. Observantine Ob`ser*van"tine (?), n. [Fr. observantin.] (R.C.Ch.) One of a branch of the Order of Franciscans, who profess to adhere more strictly than the Conventuals to the intention of the founder, especially as to poverty; -- called also Observants. Observantly Ob*serv"ant*ly, adv. In an observant manner. Observation Ob`ser*va"tion (?), n. [L. observatio: cf.F. observation.] 1. The act or the faculty of observing or taking notice; the act of seeing, or of fixing the mind upon, anything. My observation, which very seldom lies. Shak. 2. The result of an act, or of acts, of observing; view; reflection; conclusion; judgment. In matters of human prudence, we shall find the greatest advantage in making wise observations on our conduct. I. Watts. 3. Hence: An expression of an opinion or judgment upon what one has observed; a remark. "That's a foolish observation." Shak. To observations which ourselves we make We grow more partial for the observer's sake. Pope. 4. Performance of what is prescribed; adherence in practice; observance. [Obs.] We are to procure dispensation or leave to omit the observation of it in such circumstances. Jer. Taylor. 5. (Science) (a) The act of recognizing and noting some fact or occurrence in nature, as an aurora, a corona, or the structure of an animal. (b) Specifically, the act of measuring, with suitable instruments, some magnitude, as the time of an occultation, with a clock; the right ascension of a star, with a transit instrument and clock; the sun's altitude, or the distance of the moon from a star, with a sextant; the temperature, with a thermometer, etc. (c) The information so acquired. NOTE: &hand; Wh en a ph enomenon is sc rutinized as it occurs in nature, the act is termed an observation. When the conditions under which the phenomenon occurs are artificial, or arranged beforehand by the observer, the process is called an experiment. Experiment includes observation. To take an observation (Naut.), to ascertain the altitude of a heavenly body, with a view to fixing a vessel's position at sea. Syn. -- Observance; notice; attention; remark; comment; note. See Observance. Observational Ob`ser*va"tion*al (?), a. Of a pertaining to observation; consisting of, or containing, observations. Chalmers. Observative Ob*serv"a*tive (?), a. Observing; watchful. Observator Ob"ser*va`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who observes or takes notice. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. 2. One who makes a remark. [Obs.] Dryden. Observatory Ob*serv"a*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Observatories (#). [Cf. F. observatoire.] 1. A place or building for making observations on the heavenly bodies. The new observatory in Greenwich Park. Evelyn. 2. A building fitted with instruments for making systematic observations of any particular class or series of natural phenomena. 3. A place, as an elevated chamber, from which a view may be observed or commanded. 4. (Mil.) A lookout on a flank of a battery whence an officer can note the range and effect of the fire. Farrow. Observe Ob*serve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Observed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Observing.] [L.observare, observatum; ob (see Ob-) + servare to save, preserve, keep, heed, observe: cf.F. observer. See Serve.] 1. To take notice of by appropriate conduct; to conform one's action or practice to; to keep; to heed; to obey; to comply with; as, to observe rules or commands; to observe civility. Ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. Ex. xii. 17. He wolde no such cursedness observe. Chaucer. Must I budge? Must I observe you? Shak. With solemn purpose to observe Immutably his sovereign will. Milton. 2. To be on the watch respecting; to pay attention to; to notice with care; to see; to perceive; to discover; as, to observe an eclipse; to observe the color or fashion of a dress; to observe the movements of an army. 3. To express as what has been noticed; to utter as a remark; to say in a casual or incidental way; to remark. Observe Ob*serve", v. i. 1. To take notice; to give attention to what one sees or hears; to attend. 2. To make a remark; to comment; -- generally with on or upon. <-- = to make an observation --> I have barely quoted... without observing upon it. Pope. Syn. -- To remark. See Remark. Observer Ob*serv"er (?), n. 1. One who observes, or pays attention to, anything; especially, one engaged in, or trained to habits of, close and exact observation; as, an astronomical observer. The observed of all observers. Shak. Careful observers may foretell the hour, By sure prognostic, when to dread a shower. Swift. 2. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation, rite, etc.; one who conforms to anything in practice. "Diligent observers of old customs." Spenser. These... hearkend unto observers of times. Deut. xviii. 14. 3. One who fulfills or performs; as, an observer of his promises. 4. A sycophantic follower. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Observership Ob*serv"er*ship (?), n. The office or work of an observer. Observing Ob*serv"ing, a. Giving particular attention; habitually attentive to what passes; as, an observing person; an observing mind.<-- = observant --> -- Ob*serv"ing*ly, adv. Obsess Ob*sess" (?), v. t. [L. obsessus, p.p. of obsidere to besiege; ob (see Ob-) + sedere to sit.] To besiege; to beset. Sir T. Elyot. Obsession Ob*ses"sion (?), n. [L. obsessio: cf.F. obsession.] 1. The act of besieging. Johnson. 2. The state of being besieged; -- used specifically of a person beset by a spirit from without. Tylor. Whether by obsession or possession, I will not determine. Burton. Obsidian Ob*sid"i*an (?), n. [L. Obsidianus lapis, so named, according to Pliny, after one Obsidius, who discovered it in Ethiopia: cf.F. obsidiane, obsidienne. The later editions of Pliny read Obsianus lapis, and Obsius, instead of Obsidianus lapis, and Obsidius.] (Min.) A kind of glass produced by volcanoes. It is usually of a black color, and opaque, except in thin splinters. NOTE: &hand; In a th in se ction it of ten ex hibits a fl uidal structure, marked by the arrangement of microlites in the lines of the flow of the molten mass. Obsidional Ob*sid"i*o*nal (?), a. [L. obsidionalis, from obsidio a siege, obsidere to besiege: cf.F. obsidional. See Obsess.] Of or pertaining to a siege. Obsidional crown (Rom.Antiq.), a crown bestowed upon a general who raised the siege of a beleaguered place, or upon one who held out against a siege. Obsigillation Ob*sig`il*la"tion (?), n. [L. ob (see Ob-) + sigillum a seal.] A sealing up. [Obs.] Maunder. Obsign Ob*sign" (?), v. t. [See Obsignate.] To seal; to confirm, as by a seal or stamp. [Obs.] Bradford. Obsignate Ob*sig"nate (?), v. t. [L. obsignated, p.p. of obsignare to seal. See Ob-, and Sign.] To seal; to ratify. [Obs.] Barrow. Obsignation Ob`sig*na"tion (?), n. [L. obsignatio.] The act of sealing or ratifying; the state of being sealed or confirmed; confirmation, as by the Holy Spirit. The spirit of manifestation will but upbraid you in the shame and horror of a sad eternity, if you have not the spirit of obsignation. Jer. Taylor. Obsignatory Ob*sig"na*to*ry (?), a. Ratifying; confirming by sealing. [Obs.] Samuel Ward (1643) Obsolesce Ob`so*lesce" (?), v. i. [L. obsolescere. See Obsolescent.] To become obsolescent. [R.] Fitzed. Hall. Obsolescence Ob`so*les"cence (?), n. [See Obsolescent.] The state of becoming obsolete. Obsolescent Ob`so*les"cent (?), a. [L. obsolescens, -entis, p.pr. of obsolescere, to wear out gradually, to fall into disuse; ob (see Ob-) + solere to use, be wont.] Going out of use; becoming obsolete; passing into desuetude. Obsolete Ob"so*lete (?), a. [L. obsoletus, p.p. of obsolescere. See Obsolescent.] 1. No longer in use; gone into disuse; disused; neglected; as, an obsolete word; an obsolete statute; -- applied chiefly to words, writings, or observances. 2. (Biol.) Not very distinct; obscure; rudimental; imperfectly developed; abortive. Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; old-fashioned; antique; old; disused; neglected. See Ancient. Obsolete Ob"so*lete, v. i. To become obsolete; to go out of use. [R.] Fitzed. Hall. Obsoletely Ob"so*lete*ly, adv. In an obsolete manner. Obsoleteness Ob"so*lete*ness, n. 1. The state of being obsolete, or no longer used; a state of desuetude. 2. (Biol.) Indistinctness; want of development. Obsoletism Ob"so*let*ism (?), n. A disused word or phrase; an archaism. Fitzed. Hall. Obstacle Ob"sta*cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. obstaculum, fr. obstare to withstand, oppose; ob (see Ob-) + stare to stand. See Stand. and cf. Oust, v.] That which stands in the way, or opposes; anything that hinders progress; a hindrance; an obstruction, physical or moral. If all obstacles were cut away. And that my path were even to the crown. Shak. Syn. -- Impediment; obstuction; hindrance; difficulty. See Impediment, and Obstruction. Obstancy Ob"stan*cy (?), n. [L. obstantia, fr. obstans, p.pr. of obstare. See Obstacle.] Opposition; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Obstetric, Obstetrical Ob*stet"ric (?), Ob*stet"ric*al (?), a. [L. obstetricius, fr. obstetrix, -icis, a midwife, fr. obstare to stand before: cf.F. obst\'82trique. See Obstacle.] Of or pertaining to midwifery, or the delivery of women in childbed; as, the obstetric art. Obstetrical toad (Zo\'94l.), a European toad of the genus Alytes, especially A. obstetricans. The eggs are laid in a string which the male winds around his legs, and carries about until the young are hatched. _________________________________________________________________ Page 993 Obstetricate Ob*stet"ri*cate (?), v. i. [L. obstetricatus, p.p. of obstetricare, fr. obstetrix.] To perform the office of midwife. [Obs.] "Nature does obstetricate." Evelyn. Obstetricate Ob*stet"ri*cate, v. t. To assist as a midwife. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse. Obstetrication Ob*stet"ri*ca"tion (?), n. The act of assisting as a midwife; delivery. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Obstetrician Ob`ste*tri"cian (?), n. One skilled in obstetrics; an accoucheur. Obstetricious Ob`ste*tri"cious (?), a. [See Obstetric.] Serving to assist childbirth; obstetric; hence, facilitating any bringing forth or deliverance. [Obs.] Yet is all human teaching but maieutical, or obstetricious. Cudworth. Obstetrics Ob*stet"rics (?), n. [Cf. F. obst\'82trique. See Obstetric.] The science of midwifery; the art of assisting women in parturition, or in the trouble incident to childbirth. Obstetricy Ob*stet"ri*cy (?), n. Obstetrics. [R.] Dunglison. Obstinacy Ob"sti*na*cy (?), n. [See Obstinate.] 1. A fixedness in will, opinion, or resolution that can not be shaken at all, or only with great difficulty; firm and usually unreasonable adherence to an opinion, purpose, or system; unyielding disposition; stubborness; pertinacity; persistency; contumacy. You do not well in obstinacy To cavil in the course of this contract. Shak. To shelter their ignorance, or obstinacy, under the obscurity of their terms. Locke. 2. The quality or state of being difficult to remedy, relieve, or subdue; as, the obstinacy of a disease or evil. Syn. -- Pertinacity; firmness; resoluteness; inflexibility; persistency; stubbornness; perverseness; contumacy. -- Obstinacy, Pertinacity. Pertinacity denotes great firmness in holding to a thing, aim, etc. Obstinacy is great firmness in holding out against persuasion, attack, etc. The former consists in adherence, the latter in resistance. An opinion is advocated with pertinacity or defended with obstinacy. Pertinacity is often used in a good sense; obstinacy generally in a bad one. "In this reply was included a very gross mistake, and if with pertinacity maintained, a capital error." Sir T. Browne. "Every degree of obstinacy in youth is one step to rebellion." South. Obstinate Ob"sti*nate (?), a. [L. obstinatus, p.p. of obstinare to set about a thing with firmness, to persist in; ob (see Ob-) + a word from the root of stare to stand. See Stand, and cf.Destine.] 1. Pertinaciously adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course; persistent; not yielding to reason, arguments, or other means; stubborn; pertinacious; -- usually implying unreasonableness. I have known great cures done by obstinate resolution of drinking no wine. Sir W. Temple. No ass so meek, no ass so obstinate. Pope. Of sense and outward things. Wordsworth. 2. Not yielding; not easily subdued or removed; as, obstinate fever; obstinate obstructions. Syn. -- Stubborn; inflexible; immovable; firm; pertinacious; persistent; headstrong; opinionated; unyielding; refractory; contumacious. See Stubborn. -- Ob"sti*nate*ly, adv. -- Ob"sti*nate*ness, n. Obstination Ob`sti*na"tion (?), n. [L. obstinatio.] Obstinacy; stubbornness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Obstipation Ob`sti*pa"tion (?), n. [L. obstipatio a close pressure; ob (see Ob-) + stipare to press.] 1. The act of stopping up, as a passage. [Obs.] Bailey. 2. (Med.) Extreme constipation. [Obs.] Hooper. Obstreperous Ob*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L. obstreperus, from obstrepere to make a noise at; ob (see Ob-) + strepere to make a noise.] Attended by, or making, a loud and tumultuous noise; clamorous; noisy; vociferous. "The obstreperous city." Wordsworth. "Obstreperous approbation." Addison. Beating the air with their obstreperous beaks. B. Jonson. -- Ob*strep"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Ob*strep"er*ous*ness, n. Obstriction Ob*stric"tion (?), n. [L. obstringere, obstrictum, to bind to or about.] The state of being constrained, bound, or obliged; that which constrains or obliges; obligation; bond. [R.] Milton. Obstringe Ob*stringe" (?), v. t. [See Obstriction.] To constrain; to put under obligation. [R.] Bp. Gardiner. Obstruct Ob*struct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obstructed; p. pr. & vb. n. Obstructing.] [L. obstructus, p.p. of obstruere to build up before or against, to obstruct; ob (see Ob-) + struere to pile up. See Structure.] 1. To block up; to stop up or close, as a way or passage; to place an obstacle in, or fill with obstacles or impediments that prevent or hinder passing; as, to obstruct a street; to obstruct the channels of the body. 'T is the obstructed paths of sound shall clear. Pope. 2. To be, or come, in the way of; to hinder from passing; to stop; to impede; to retard; as, the bar in the harbor obstructs the passage of ships; clouds obstruct the light of the sun; unwise rules obstruct legislation. "Th' impatience of obstructed love." Johnson. Syn. -- To bar; barricade; stop; arrest; check; interrupt; clog; choke; impede; retard; embarrass; oppose. Obstructer Ob*struct"er (?), n. One who obstructs or hinders. Obstruction Ob*struc"tion (?), n. [L.obstructio.] 1. The act of obstructing, or state of being obstructed. 2. That which obstructs or impedes; an obstacle; an impediment; a hindrance. A popular assembly free from obstruction. Swift. 3. The condition of having the natural powers obstructed in their usual course; the arrest of the vital functions; death. [Poetic] To die, and go we know not where, To lie in cold obstruction, and to rot. Shak. Syn. -- Obstacle; bar; barrier; impediment; clog; check; hindrance. -- Obstruction, Obstacle. The difference between these words is that indicated by their etymology; an obstacle is something standing in the way; an obstruction is something put in the way. Obstacle implies more fixedness and is the stronger word. We remove obstructions; we surmount obstacles. Disparity in age seems a greater obstacle to an intimate friendship than inequality of fortune. Collier. The king expected to meet with all the obstructions and difficulties his enraged enemies could lay in his way. Clarendon. Obstructionism Ob*struc"tion*ism (?), n. The act or the policy of obstructing progress. Lond. Lit. World. Obstructionist Ob*struc"tion*ist, n. One who hinders progress; one who obstructs business, as in a legislative body. -- a. Of or pertaining to obstructionists. [Recent] Obstructive Ob*struct"ive (?), a. [Cf.F. obstrictif.] Tending to obstruct; presenting obstacles; hindering; causing impediment. -- Ob*struct"ive*ly, adv. Obstructive Ob*struct"ive, n. An obstructive person or thing. Obstruent Ob"stru*ent (?), a. [L. obstruens, p.pr. of obstruere. See Obstruct.] Causing obstruction; blocking up; hindering; as, an obstruent medicine. Johnson. Obstruent Ob"stru*ent, n. Anything that obstructs or closes a passage; esp., that which obstructs natural passages in the body; as, a medicine which acts as an obstruent. Obstupefaction Ob*stu`pe*fac"tion (?), n. [L. obstuperfacere to stupefy.] See Stupefaction. [Obs.] Howell. Obstupefactive Ob*stu`pe*fac"tive (?), a. Stupefactive. [Obs.] Obstupefy Ob*stu"pe*fy (?), v. t. [Cf.L. obstupefacere. See Ob-, and Stupefy.] See Stupefy. [Obs.] Obtain Ob*tain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obtaining.] [F. obtenir, L. obtinere; ob (see Ob-) + tenere to hold. See Tenable.] 1. To hold; to keep; to possess. [Obs.] His mother, then, is mortal, but his Sire He who obtains the monarchy of heaven. Milton. 2. To get hold of by effort; to gain possession of; to procure; to acquire, in any way. Some pray for riches; riches they obtain. Dryden. By guileful fair words peace may be obtained. Shak. It may be that I may obtain children by her. Gen. xvi. 2. Syn. -- To attain; gain; procure; acquire; win; earn. See Attain. -- To Obtain, Get, Gain, Earn, Acquire. The idea of getting is common to all these terms. We may, indeed, with only a slight change of sense, substitute get for either of them; as, to get or to gain a prize; to get or to obtain an employment; to get or to earn a living; to get or to acquire a language. To gain is to get by striving; and as this is often a part of our good fortune, the word gain is peculiarly applicable to whatever comes to us fortuitously. Thus, we gain a victory, we gain a cause, we gain an advantage, etc. To earn is to deserve by labor or service; as, to earn good wages; to earn a triumph. Unfortunately, one does not always get or obtain what he has earned. To obtain implies desire for possession, and some effort directed to the attainment of that which is not immediately within our reach. Whatever we thus seek and get, we obtain, whether by our own exertions or those of others; whether by good or bad means; whether permanently, or only for a time. Thus, a man obtains an employment; he obtains an answer to a letter, etc. To acquire is more limited and specific. We acquire what comes to us gradually in the regular exercise of our abilities, while we obtain what comes in any way, provided we desire it. Thus, we acquire knowledge, property, honor, reputation, etc. What we acquire becomes, to a great extent, permanently our own; as, to acquire a language; to acquire habits of industry, etc. Obtain Ob*tain", v. i. 1. To become held; to gain or have a firm footing; to be recognized or established; to subsist; to become prevalent or general; to prevail; as, the custom obtains of going to the seashore in summer. Sobriety hath by use obtained to signify temperance in drinking. Jer. Taylor. The Theodosian code, several hundred years after Justinian's time, did obtain in the western parts of Europe. Baker. 2. To prevail; to succeed. [R.] Evelyn. So run that ye may obtain. 1 Cor. ix. 24. There is due from the judge to the advocate, some commendation, where causes are fair pleaded; especially towards the side which obtaineth not. Bacon. Obtainable Ob*tain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being obtained. Obtainer Ob*tain"er (?), n. One who obtains. Obtainment Ob*tain"ment (?), n. The act or process of obtaining; attainment. Milton. Obtected Ob*tect"ed (?), a. [L. obtectus, p.p. of obtegere to cover over.] 1. Covered; protected. [Obs.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) Covered with a hard chitinous case, as the pupa of certain files. Obtemper Ob*tem"per (?), v. t. & i. [See Obtemperate.] (Scots Law) To obey (a judgment or decree). Obtemperate Ob*tem"per*ate (?), v. t. [L. obtemperare, obtemperatum to obey.] To obey. [Obs.] Johnson. Obtend Ob*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtended; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtending.] [L.obtendere, obtentum, to stretch or place before or against; ob (see Ob-) + tendere to stretch.] 1. To oppose; to hold out in opposition. [Obs.] Dryden. 2. To offer as the reason of anything; to pretend. [Obs.] Dryden Obtenebration Ob*ten`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. obtenebrate to make dark.] The act of darkening; the state of being darkened; darkness. [Obs.] In every megrim or vertigo, there is an obtenebration joined with a semblance of turning round. Bacon. Obtension Ob*ten"sion (?), n. [L. obtentio. See Obtend.] The act of obtending. [Obs.] Johnson. Obtest Ob*test" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtested; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtesting.] [L. obtestari; ob (see Ob-) + testari to witness, fr. testis a witness.] 1. To call to witness; to invoke as a witness. [R.] Dryden. 2. To beseech; to supplicate; to beg for. [R.] Obtest Ob*test", v. i. To protest. [R.] E. Waterhouse. Obtestation Ob`tes*ta"tion (?), n. [L. obtestatio.] The act of obtesting; supplication; protestation. [R.] Antonio asserted this with great obtestation. Evelyn. Obtrectation Ob`trec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. obtrectatio, from obtrectare to detract from through envy. See Detract.] Slander; detraction; calumny. [Obs.] Barrow. Obtrude Ob*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtruded, p. pr. & vb. n. Obtruding.] [L. obtrudere, obtrusum; ob (see Ob-) + trudere to thrust. See Threat.] 1. To thrust impertinently; to present without warrant or solicitation; as, to obtrude one's self upon a company. The objects of our senses obtrude their particular ideas upon our minds, whether we will or no. Lock. 2. To offer with unreasonable importunity; to urge unduly or against the will. Milton. Obtrude Ob*trude", v. i. To thrust one's self upon a company or upon attention; to intrude. Syn. -- To Obtrude, Intrude. To intrude is to thrust one's self into a place, society, etc., without right, or uninvited; to obtrude is to force one's self, remarks, opinions, etc., into society or upon persons with whom one has no such intimacy as to justify such boldness. Obtruder Ob*trud"er (?), n. One who obtrudes. Boyle. Obtruncate Ob*trun"cate (?), v. t. [L. obtruncatus, p.p. of obtruncare.] To deprive of a limb; to lop. [R.] Obtruncation Ob`trun*ca"tion (?), n. [L. obtruncatio.] The act of lopping or cutting off. [R.] Cockeram. Obtrusion Ob*tru"sion (?), n. [L. obtrusio. See Obtrude.] 1. The act of obtruding; a thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited; as, the obtrusion of crude opinions on the world. 2. That which is obtruded. Milton. Obtrusionist Ob*tru"sion*ist, n. One who practices or excuses obtrusion. [R.] Gent. Mag. Obtrusive Ob*tru"sive (?), a. Disposed to obtrude; inclined to intrude or thrust one's self or one's opinions upon others, or to enter uninvited; forward; pushing; intrusive. -- Ob*tru"sive*ly, adv. -- Ob*tru"sive*ness, n. Not obvious, not obtrusive, but retired. Milton. Obtund Ob*tund" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtunded; p. pr. & vb. n. Obtunding.] [L. obtundere, obtusum; ob (see Ob-) + tundere to strike or beat. See Stutter.] To reduce the edge, pungency, or violent action of; to dull; to blunt; to deaden; to quell; as, to obtund the acrimony of the gall. [Archaic] Harvey. They...have filled all our law books with the obtunding story of their suits and trials. Milton. Obtundent Ob*tund"ent (?), n. [L. obtundens, p.pr. of obtundere.] (Med.) A substance which sheathes a part, or blunts irritation, usually some bland, oily, or mucilaginous matter; -- nearly the same as demulcent. Forsyth. Obtunder Ob*tund"er (?), n. (Med.) That which obtunds or blunts; especially, that which blunts sensibility. Obturation Ob`tu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. obturare to stop up: cf.F. obturation.] The act of stopping up, or closing, an opening. "Deaf by an outward obturation." Bp. Hall. Obturator Ob"tu*ra`tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. obturare to stop up: cf.F. obturateur.] 1. That which closes or stops an opening. 2. (Surg.) An apparatus designed to close an unnatural opening, as a fissure of the palate. Obturator Ob"tu*ra`tor, a. (Anat.) Serving as an obturator; closing an opening; pertaining to, or in the region of, the obturator foramen; as, the obturator nerve. Obturator foramen (Anat.), an opening situated between the public and ischial parts of the innominate bone and closed by the obturator membrane; the thyroid foramen. Obtusangular Ob*tus"an`gu*lar (?), a. See Obstuseangular. Obtuse Ob*tuse" (?). a. [Compar. Obtuser (; superl. Obtusest.] [L. obtusus, p.p. of obtundere to blunt: cf. F. obtus. See Obtund.] 1. Not pointed or acute; blunt; -- applied esp. to angles greater than a right angle, or containing more than ninety degrees. 2. Not having acute sensibility or perceptions; dull; stupid; as, obtuse senses. Milton. 3. Dull; deadened; as, obtuse sound. Johnson. Obtuse-angled, obtuse-angular Ob*tuse"-an`gled (?), ob*tuse"-an`gu*lar (?), a. Having an obtuse angle; as, an obtuse-angled triangle. Obtusely Ob*tuse"ly, adv. In an obtuse manner. Obtuseness Ob*tuse"ness, n. State or quality of being obtuse. Obtusion Ob*tu"sion (, n. [L. obtusio, from obtundere to blunt. See Obtund.] 1. The act or process of making obtuse or blunt. 2. The state of being dulled or blunted; as, the obtusion of the senses. Harvey. Obtusity Ob*tu"si*ty (?), n. Obtuseness. Lond. Quart. Rev. Obumbrant Ob*um"brant (?), a. [L.obumbrans, p.pr.] (Zo\'94l.) Overhanging; as, obumbrant feathers. Obumbrate Ob*um"brate (?), v. t. [L. obumbratus, p.p. of obumbrare to overshadow, cloud; ob + umbrare to shade.] To shade; to darken; to cloud. [R.] Howell. Obumbration Ob`um*bra"tion (?), n. [L. obumbratio.] Act of darkening or obscuring. [R.] Sir T. More. Obuncous Ob*un"cous (?), a. [L. obuncus; ob (see Ob-) + uncus hooked.] Hooked or crooked in an extreme degree. Maunder. Obvention Ob*ven"tion (?), n. [L. obvention, fr. obvenire to come before or in the way of, to befall; ob (see Ob-) + venire to come: cf.F. obvention.] The act of happening incidentally; that which happens casually; an incidental advantage; an occasional offering. [Obs.] "Tithes and other obventions." Spenser. Legacies bequeathed by the deaths of princes and great persons, and other casualities and obventions. Fuller. Obversant Ob*vers"ant (?), a. [L. obversans, p.pr. of obversari to hover before; ob (see Ob-) + versare to move about.] Conversant; familiar. [Obs.] Bacon. Obverse Ob*verse" (?), a. [L. obversus, p.p. of obvertere. See Obvert.] Having the base, or end next the attachment, narrower than the top, as a leaf. Obverse Ob"verse (?), n. [Cf.F. obverse, obvers. See Obverse, a.] 1. The face of a coin which has the principal image or inscription upon it; -- the other side being the reverse. 2. Anything necessarily involved in, or answering to, another; the more apparent or conspicuous of two possible sides, or of two corresponding things. The fact that it [a belief] invariably exists being the obverse of the fact that there is no alternative belief. H. Spencer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 994 Obversely Ob*verse"ly (?), adv. In an obverse manner. Obversion Ob*ver"sion (?), n. [L. obversio a turning towards.] 1. The act of turning toward or downward. 2. (Logic) The act of immediate inference, by which we deny the opposite of anything which has been affirmed; as, all men are mortal; then, by obversion, no men are immortal. This is also described as "immediate inference by privative conception." Bain. Obvert Ob*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Obverting.] [L. obvertere; ob (see Ob-) + vertere to turn. See Verse.] To turn toward. If its base be obverted towards us. I. Watts. Obviate Ob"vi*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obviated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Obviating.] [L. obviare; ob (see Ob-) + viare to go, fr. via way. See Voyage.] 1. To meet in the way. [Obs.] Not to stir a step to obviate any of a different religion. Fuller. 2. To anticipate; to prevent by interception; to remove from the way or path; to make unnecessary; as, to obviate the necessity of going. To lay down everything in its full light, so as to obviate all exceptions. Woodward. Obviation Ob`vi*a"tion (?), n. The act of obviating, or the state of being obviated. Obvious Ob"vi*ous (?), a. [L. obvius; ob (see Ob-) + via way. See Voyage.] 1. Opposing; fronting. [Obs.] To the evil turn My obvious breast. Milton. 2. Exposed; subject; open; liable. [Obs.] "Obvious to dispute." Milton. 3. Easily discovered, seen, or understood; readily perceived by the eye or the intellect; plain; evident; apparent; as, an obvious meaning; an obvious remark. Apart and easy to be known they lie, Amidst the heap, and obvious to the eye. Pope. Syn. -- Plain; clear; evident. See Manifest. -- Ob"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- Ob"vi*ous-ness, n. Obvolute, Obvoluted Ob"vo*lute (?), Ob`vo*lu"ted (?), a. [L. obvolutus, p.p. of obvolvere to wrap round; ob (see Ob-) + volvere to roll.] Overlapping; contorted; convolute; -- applied primarily, in botany, to two opposite leaves, each of which has one edge overlapping the nearest edge of the other, and secondarily to a circle of several leaves or petals which thus overlap. Oby O"by (?), n. See Obi. Oca O"ca (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A Peruvian name for certain species of Oxalis (O. crenata, and O. tuberosa) which bear edible tubers. Occamy Oc"ca*my (?), n. [A corruption of alchemy.] An alloy imitating gold or silver. [Written also ochimy, ochymy, etc.] Occasion Oc*ca"sion (?), n. [F. occasion, L. occasio, fr.occidere, occasum, to fall down; ob (see Ob-) + cadere to fall. See Chance, and cf. Occident.] 1. A falling out, happening, or coming to pass; hence, that which falls out or happens; occurrence; incident. The unlooked-for incidents of family history, and its hidden excitements, and its arduous occasions. I. Taylor. 2. A favorable opportunity; a convenient or timely chance; convenience. Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me. Rom. vii. 11. I'll take the occasion which he gives to bring Him to his death. Waller. 3. An occurrence or condition of affairs which brings with it some unlooked-for event; that which incidentally brings to pass an event, without being its efficient cause or sufficient reason; accidental or incidental cause. Her beauty was the occasion of the war. Dryden. 4. Need; exigency; requirement; necessity; as, I have no occasion for firearms. After we have served ourselves and our own occasions. Jer. Taylor. When my occasions took me into France. Burke. 5. A reason or excuse; a motive; a persuasion. Whose manner was, all passengers to stay, And entertain with her occasions sly. Spenser. On occasion, in case of need; in necessity; as convenience requires; occasionally. "That we might have intelligence from him on occasion," De Foe. Syn. -- Need; incident; use. See Opportunity. Occasion Oc*ca"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Occasioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Occasioning.] [Cf.F. occasionner.] To give occasion to; to cause; to produce; to induce; as, to occasion anxiety. South. If we inquire what it is that occasions men to make several combinations of simple ideas into distinct modes. Locke. Occasionable Oc*ca"sion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being occasioned or caused. Barrow. Occasional Oc*ca"sion*al (?), a. [Cf.F. occasionnel.] 1. Of or pertaining to an occasion or to occasions; occuring at times, but not constant, regular, or systematic; made or happening as opportunity requires or admits; casual; incidental; as, occasional remarks, or efforts. The... occasional writing of the present times. Bagehot. 2. Produced by accident; as, the occasional origin of a thing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Occasional cause (Metaph.), some circumstance preceding an effect which, without being the real cause, becomes the occasion of the action of the efficient cause; thus, the act of touching gunpowder with fire is the occasional, but not the efficient, cause of an explosion. Occasionalism Oc*ca"sion*al*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) The system of occasional causes; -- a name given to certain theories of the Cartesian school of philosophers, as to the intervention of the First Cause, by which they account for the apparent reciprocal action of the soul and the body. Occasionality Oc*ca`sion*al"i*ty (?), n. Quality or state of being occasional; occasional occurrence. [R.] Occasionally Oc*ca"sion*al*ly (?), adv. In an occasional manner; on occasion; at times, as convenience requires or opportunity offers; not regularly. Stewart. The one, Wolsey, directly his subject by birth; the other, his subject occasionally by his preferment. Fuller. Occasionate Oc*ca"sion*ate (?), v. t. To occasion. [Obs.] The lowest may occasionate much ill. Dr. H. More. Occasioner Oc*ca"sion*er (?), n. One who, or that which, occasions, causes, or produces. Bp. Sanderson. Occasive Oc*ca"sive (?), a. [L. occasivus, fr. occasus a going down, setting of the heavenly bodies, fr. occidere to fall or down. See Occasion.] Of or pertaining to the setting sun; falling; descending; western. Occecation Oc*ce*ca"tion (?), n. [L. occaecatio, fr. occaecare to make blind; ob + caecare to blind, fr. caecus blind.] The act of making blind, or the state of being blind. [R.] "This inward occecation." Bp. Hall. Occident Oc"ci*dent (?), n. [F., fr. L. occidens, occidentis, fr. occidents, p.pr. of occidere to fall or go down. See Occasion.] The part of the horizon where the sun last appears in the evening; that part of the earth towards the sunset; the west; -- opposed to orient. Specifically, in former times, Europe as opposed to Asia; now, also, the Western hemisphere. Chaucer. I may wander from east to occident. Shak. Occidental Oc`ci*den"tal (?), a. [L. occidentalis; cf. F.occidental.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or situated in, the occident, or west; western; -- opposed to oriental; as, occidental climates, or customs; an occidental planet. 2. Possessing inferior hardness, brilliancy, or beauty; -- used of inferior precious stones and gems, because those found in the Orient are generally superior. Occidentals Oc`ci*den"tals (?), n.pl. (Eccl.) Western Christians of the Latin rite. See Orientals. Shipley. Occiduous Oc*cid"u*ous (?), a. [L. occiduus, fr. occidere to go down.] Western; occidental. [R.] Blount. Occipital Oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. occipital.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the occiput, or back part of the head, or to the occipital bone. Occipital bone (Anat.), the bone which forms the posterior segment of the skull and surrounds the great foramen by which the spinal cord leaves the cranium. In the higher vertebrates it is usually composed of four bones, which become consolidated in the adult. -- Occipital point (Anat.), the point of the occiput in the mesial plane farthest from the ophryon. Occipital Oc*cip"i*tal, n. (Anat.) The occipital bone. Occipito- Oc*cip"i*to- (. [See Occiput.] A combining form denoting relation to, or situation near, the occiput; as, occipito-axial; occipito-mastoid. Occipitoaxial Oc*cip`i*to*ax"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the occipital bone and second vertebra, or axis. Occiput Oc"ci*put (?), n.; pl. L. Occipita (#), E. Occiputs. [L., fr. ob (see Ob-) + caput head. See Chief.] 1. (Anat.) The back, or posterior, part of the head or skull; the region of the occipital bone. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A plate which forms the back part of the head of insects. Occision Oc*ci"sion (?), n. [L.occisio, fr. occidere, occisium, to cut down, to kill; ob (see Ob-) + caedere to cut.] A killing; the act of killing. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Occlude Oc*clude" (?), v. t. [L. occludere, occlusum; ob (see Ob-) + claudere to shut.] 1. To shut up; to close. Sir T. Browne. 2. (Chem.) To take in and retain; to absorb; -- said especially with respect to gases; as iron, platinum, and palladium occlude large volumes of hydrogen. Occludent Oc*clud"ent (?), a. [L.occludens, p.pr. of occludere.] Serving to close; shutting up. -- n. That which closes or shuts up. Sterne. Occluse Oc*cluse" (?), a. [L. occlusus, p.p. See Occlude.] Shut; closed. [Obs.] Holder. Occlusion Oc*clu"sion (?), n. [See Occlude.] 1. The act of occluding, or the state of being occluded. Constriction and occlusion of the orifice. Howell. 2. (Med.) The transient approximation of the edges of a natural opening; imperforation. Dunglison. Occlusion of gases (Chem. & Physics), the phenomenon of absorbing gases, as exhibited by platinum, palladium, iron, or charcoal; thus, palladium absorbs, or occludes, nearly a thousand times its own volume of hydrogen, and in this case a chemical compound seems to be formed. Occrustate Oc*crus"tate (?), v. t. [See Ob-, and Crustated.] To incrust; to harden. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Occult Oc*cult" (?), a. [L. occultus, p.p. of occulere to cover up, hide; ob (see Ob-) + a root prob.akin to E. hell: cf. F. occulte.] Hidden from the eye or the understanding; inviable; secret; concealed; unknown. It is of an occult kind, and is so insensible in its advances as to escape observation. I. Taylor. Occult line (Geom.), a line drawn as a part of the construction of a figure or problem, but not to appear in the finished plan. -- Occult qualities, those qualities whose effects only were observed, but the nature and relations of whose productive agencies were undetermined; -- so called by the schoolmen. -- Occult sciences, those sciences of the Middle Ages which related to the supposed action or influence of occult qualities, or supernatural powers, as alchemy, magic, necromancy, and astrology. Occult Oc*cult", v. t. To eclipse; to hide from sight. Occultation Oc`cul*ta"tion (?), n. [L. occultatio a hiding, fr. occultare, v. intens. of occulere: cf.F. occultation. See Occult.] 1. (Astron.) The hiding of a heavenly body from sight by the intervention of some other of the heavenly bodies; -- applied especially to eclipses of stars and planets by the moon, and to the eclipses of satellites of planets by their primaries. 2. Fig.: The state of being occult. The reappearance of such an author after those long periods of occultation. Jeffrey. Circle of perpetual occultation. See under Circle. Occulted Oc*cult"ed, a. 1. Hidden; secret. [Obs.] Shak. 2. (Astron.) Concealed by the intervention of some other heavenly body, as a star by the moon. Occulting Oc*cult"ing (?), n. Same as Occultation. Occultism Oc*cult"ism (?), n. A certain Oriental system of theosophy. A. P. Sinnett. Occultist Oc*cult"ist, n. An adherent of occultism. Occultly Oc*cult"ly, adv. In an occult manner. Occultness Oc*cult"ness, n. State or quality of being occult. Occupancy Oc"cu*pan*cy (?), n. [See Occupant.] The act of taking or holding possession; possession; occupation. Title by occupancy (Law), a right of property acquired by taking the first possession of a thing, or possession of a thing which belonged to nobody, and appropriating it. Blackstone. Kent. Occupant Oc"cu*pant (?), n. [L. occupans, p.pr. of occupare: cf. F. occupant. See Occupy.] 1. One who occupies, or takes possession; one who has the actual use or possession, or is in possession, of a thing. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd, in law, sometimes signifies one who takes the first possession of a thing that has no owner. 2. A prostitute. [Obs.] Marston. Occupate Oc"cu*pate (?), v. t. [L. occupatus, p.p. of occupare. See Occupy.] To occupy. [Obs.] Bacon. Occupation Oc`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. occupatio: cf.F. occupation.] 1. The act or process of occupying or taking possession; actual possession and control; the state of being occupied; a holding or keeping; tenure; use; as, the occupation of lands by a tenant. 2. That which occupies or engages the time and attention; the principal business of one's life; vocation; employment; calling; trade. Absence of occupation is not rest. Cowper. Occupation bridge (Engin.), a bridge connecting the parts of an estate separated by a railroad, a canal, or an ordinary road. Syn. -- Occupancy; possession; tenure; use; employment; avocation; engagement; vocation; calling; office; trade; profession. Occupier Oc"cu*pi`er (?), n. 1. One who occupies, or has possession. 2. One who follows an employment; hence, a tradesman. [Obs.] "Merchants and occupiers." Holland. The occupiers of thy merchandise. Ezek. xxvii. 27. Occupy Oc"cu*py (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Occupied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Occupying (?).] [OE. occupien, F. occuper, fr.L. occupare; ob (see Ob-) + a word akin to capere to take. See Capacious.] 1. To take or hold possession of; to hold or keep for use; to possess. Woe occupieth the fine [/end] of our gladness. Chaucer. The better apartments were already occupied. W. Irving . 2. To hold, or fill, the dimensions of; to take up the room or space of; to cover or fill; as, the camp occupies five acres of ground. Sir J. Herschel. 3. To possess or use the time or capacity of; to engage the service of; to employ; to busy. An archbishop may have cause to occupy more chaplains than six. Eng. Statute (Hen. VIII. ) They occupied themselves about the Sabbath. 2 Macc. viii. 27. 4. To do business in; to busy one's self with. [Obs.] All the ships of the sea, with their mariners, were in thee to occupy the merchandise. Ezek. xxvii. 9. Not able to occupy their old crafts. Robynson (More's Utopia). 5. To use; to expend; to make use of. [Obs.] All the gold that was occupied for the work. Ex. xxxviii. 24. They occupy not money themselves. Robynson (More's Utopia). 6. To have sexual intercourse with. [Obs.] Nares. Occupy Oc"cu*py, v. i. 1. To hold possession; to be an occupant. "Occupy till I come." Luke xix. 13. 2. To follow business; to traffic. Occur Oc*cur" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Occurred(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Occurring (?).] [L. occurrere, occursum; ob (see Ob-) + currere to run. See Course.] 1. To meet; to clash. [Obs.] The resistance of the bodies they occur with. Bentley. 2. To go in order to meet; to make reply. [Obs.] I must occur to one specious objection. Bentley. 3. To meet one's eye; to be found or met with; to present itself; to offer; to appear; to happen; to take place; as, I will write if opportunity occurs. In Scripture, though the word heir occur, yet there is no such thing as "heir" in our author's sense. Locke. 4. To meet or come to the mind; to suggest itself; to be presented to the imagination or memory. There doth not occur to me any use of this experiment for profit. Bacon. Occurrence Oc*cur"rence (?), n. [Cf. F. occurrence. See Occur.] 1. A coming or happening; as, the occurence of a railway collision. Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual occurrence and expectation of something new. I. Watts. 2. Any incident or event; esp., one which happens without being designed or expected; as, an unusual occurrence, or the ordinary occurrences of life. All the occurrence of my fortune. Shak. Syn. -- See Event. Occurrent Oc*cur"rent (?), a. [L. occurrens, -entis, p.pr. of occurrere: cf.F. occurrent. See Occur.] Occurring or happening; hence, incidental; accidental. Occurrent Oc*cur"rent (?), n. 1. One who meets; hence, an adversary. [Obs.] Holland. 2. Anything that happens; an occurrence. [Obs.] These we must meet with in obvious occurrents of the world. Sir T. Browne. Occurse Oc*curse" (?), n. [L.occursus.] Same as Occursion. [Obs.] Bentley. Occursion Oc*cur"sion (?), n. [L.occursio. See Occur.] A meeting; a clash; a collision. [Obs.] Boyle. _________________________________________________________________ Page 995 Ocean O"cean (?), n. [F. oc\'82an, L. oceanus, Gr. 1. The whole body of salt water which covers more than three fifths of the surface of the globe; -- called also the sea, or great sea. Like the odor of brine from the ocean Comes the thought of other years. Longfellow. 2. One of the large bodies of water into which the great ocean is regarded as divided, as the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic oceans. 3. An immense expanse; any vast space or quantity without apparent limits; as, the boundless ocean of eternity; an ocean of affairs. Locke. Ocean O"cean (?), a. Of or pertaining to the main or great sea; as, the ocean waves; an ocean stream. Milton. Oceanic O`ce*an"ic (?), a. [Cf.F. oc\'82anique. See Ocean.] 1. Of or pertaining to the ocean; found or formed in or about, or produced by, the ocean; frequenting the ocean, especially mid-ocean. Petrels are the most a\'89rial and oceanic of birds. Darwin. 2. Of or pertaining to Oceania or its inhabitants. Oceanography O`cean*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Ocean + -graphy.] A description of the ocean. Oceanology O`cean*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ocean + -logy.] That branch of science which relates to the ocean. Oceanus O*ce"a*nus (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Gr.Myth.) The god of the great outer sea, or the river which was believed to flow around the whole earth. Ocellary O*cel"la*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to ocelli. Ocellate O*cel"late (?), a. Same as Ocellated. Ocellated O*cel"la*ted (?), a. [L.ocellatus, fr. ocellus a little eye, dim. of oculus an eye.] 1. Resembling an eye. 2. Marked with eyelike spots of color; as, the ocellated blenny. Ocellated turkey (Zo\'94l.), the wild turkey of Central America (Meleagris ocellata). Ocellus O*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Ocelli (#). [L., dim. of oculus an eye.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A little eye; a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates. (b) An eyelike spot of color, as those on the tail of the peacock. Oceloid O"ce*loid (?), a. [Ocelot + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the ocelot. Ocelot O"ce*lot (?), n. [Mexican ocelotl.] (Zo\'94l.) An American feline carnivore (Felis pardalis). It ranges from the Southwestern United States to Patagonia. It is covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches, which are variously arranged. The ground color varies from reddish gray to tawny yellow. Ocher, Ochre O"cher, O"chre (?), n. [F.ocre, L. ochra, fr. Gr. (Min.) (a) A impure earthy ore of iron or a ferruginous clay, usually red (hematite) or yellow (limonite), -- used as a pigment in making paints, etc. The name is also applied to clays of other colors. (b) A metallic oxide occurring in earthy form; as, tungstic ocher or tungstite. Ocherous, Ochreous O"cher*ous, O"chre*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. ocreux.] Of or pertaining to ocher; containing or resembling ocher; as, ocherous matter; ocherous soil. Ochery O"cher*y (?), a. Ocherous. [Written also ochrey, ochry.] Ochimy Och`i*my (?), n. [Obs.] See Occamy. Ochlesis Och*le"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A general morbid condition induced by the crowding together of many persons, esp. sick persons, under one roof. G. Gregory. Ochlocracy Och*loc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. ochlocratie.] A form of government by the multitude; a mobocracy. Hare. Ochlocratic, Ochlocratical Och`lo*crat`ic (?), Och`lo*crat`ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ochlocracy; having the form or character of an ochlocracy; mobocratic. -- Och`lo*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. Ochraceous O*chra"ceous (?), a. Ocherous. Ochre O"chre (?), n. (Min.) See Ocher. Ochrea O"chre*a (?), n.; pl. Ochre\'91e (#). [L.] 1. (Antiq.) A greave or legging. 2. (Bot.) A kind of sheath formed by two stipules united round a stem. Ochreate, Ochreated O"chre*ate (?), O"chre*a`ted (?), a. 1. Wearing or furnished with an ochrea or legging; wearing boots; booted. A scholar undertook...to address himself ochreated unto the vice chancellor. Fuller. 2. (Bot.) Provided with ochrea, or sheathformed stipules, as the rhubarb, yellow dock, and knotgrass. Ochreous O"chre*ous (?), a. See Ocherous. Ochrey O"chrey (?), a. See Ochery. Ochroleucous Och`ro*leu"cous (?), a. [Gr. Yellowish white; having a faint tint of dingy yellow. Gray. Ochry O"chry (?), a. See Ochery. Ochymy Och"y*my (?), n. [Obs.] See Occamy. -ock -ock (?). [AS. -uc.] A suffix used to form diminutives; as, bullock, hillock. Ocra O"cra (?), n. (Bot.) See Okra. Ocrea O"cre*a (?), n. [L.] See Ochrea. Ocreate, Ocreated O"cre*ate (?), O"cre*a"ted (?), a. [See Ochrea.] Same as Ochreate, Ochreated. Octa- Oc"ta- (?). A prefix meaning eight. See Octo-. Octachord Oc"ta*chord (?), n. [Gr. octacorde.] (Mus.) An instrument of eight strings; a system of eight tones. [Also written octochord.] Octad Oc"tad (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An atom or radical which has a valence of eight, or is octavalent. Octaedral Oc`ta*e"dral (?), a. See Octahedral. Octaemeron Oc`ta*em"e*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.) A fast of eight days before a great festival. Shipley. Octagon Oc"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. cctogone.] 1. (Geom.) A plane figure of eight sides and eight angles. 2. Any structure (as a fortification) or place with eight sides or angles. Regular octagon, one in which the sides are all equal, and the angles also are all equal. Octagonal Oc*tag"o*nal (?), a. Having eight sides and eight angles. Octagynous Oc*tag"y*nous (?), a. [Octa- + Gr. (Bot.) Having eight pistils or styles; octogynous. Octahedral Oc`ta*he"dral (?), a. [See Octahedron.] Having eight faces or sides; of, pertaining to, or formed in, octahedrons; as, octahedral cleavage. Octahedral borax (Chem.), borax obtained from a saturated solution in octahedral crystals, which contain five molecules of water of crystallization; distinguished from common or prismatic borax. -- Octahedral iron ore (Min.), magnetite. Octahedrite Oc`ta*he"drite (?), n. (Min.) Titanium dioxide occurring in acute octahedral crystals. Octahedron Oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. (Geom.) A solid bounded by eight faces. The regular octahedron is contained by eight equal equilateral triangles. Octamerous Oc*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Octa- + Gr. (Biol.) Having the parts in eights; as, an octamerous flower; octamerous mesenteries in polyps. Octameter Oc*tam"e*ter (?), n. [Cf.L. octameter in eight feet. See Octa-, and meter.] (Pros.) A verse containing eight feet; as, -- Deep\'b6 in|to\'b6 the | dark\'b6ness | peer\'b6ing, | long\'b6 I | stood\'b6 there | wond'\'b6ring, | fear\'b6ing. Poe. Octander Oc*tan"der (?), n. One of the Octandria. Octandria Oc*tan"dri*a (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants, in which the flowers have eight stamens not united to one another or to the pistil. Octandrian, Octandrous Oc*tan"dri*an (?), Oc*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Octandria; having eight distinct stamens. Octane Oc"tane (?), n. [See Octa-] . (Chem.) Any one of a group of metametric hydrocarcons (C8H18) of the methane series. The most important is a colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, found in petroleum, and a constituent of benzene or ligroin. Octangular Oc*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [L.octangulus eight-cornered; octo eight + angulus angle.] Having eight angles; eight-angled. -- Oc*tan"gu*lar*ness, n. Octant Oc"tant (?), n. [L. octans, -antis. fr. octo eight. See Octave.] 1. (Geom.) The eighth part of a circle; an arc of 45 degrees. 2. (Astron. & Astrol.) The position or aspect of a heavenly body, as the moon or a planet, when half way between conjunction, or opposition, and quadrature, or distant from another body 45 degrees. 3. An instrument for measuring angles (generally called a quadrant), having an arc which measures up to 9O°, but being itself the eighth part of a circle. Cf. Sextant. 4. (Math. & Crystallog.) One of the eight parts into which a space is divided by three co\'94rdinate planes. Octapla Oc"ta*pla (?), n.; etymol. pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr.Gr. -pla, as in E. hexapla; cf.Gr. A portion of the Old Testament prepared by Origen in the 3d century, containing the Hebrew text and seven Greek versions of it, arranged in eight parallel columns. Octaroon Oc`ta*roon" (?), n. See Octoroon. Octastyle Oc"ta*style (?), a. See Octostyle. Octateuch Oc"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. octateuchus, Gr. A collection of eight books; especially, the first eight books of the Old Testament. [R.] Octavalent Oc*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Octa- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of eight; capable of being combined with, exchanged for, or compared with, eight atoms of hydrogen; -- said of certain atoms or radicals. Octave Oc"tave (?), n. [F., fr. L. octava an eighth, fr. octavus eighth, fr. octo eight. See Eight, and cf. Octavo, Utas.] 1. The eighth day after a church festival, the festival day being included; also, the week following a church festival. "The octaves of Easter." Jer. Taylor. 2. (Mus.) (a) The eighth tone in the scale; the interval between one and eight of the scale, or any interval of equal length; an interval of five tones and two semitones. (b) The whole diatonic scale itself. NOTE: &hand; The ratio of a musical tone to its octave above is 1:2 as regards the number of vibrations producing the tones. 3. (Poet.) The first two stanzas of a sonnet, consisting of four verses each; a stanza of eight lines. With mournful melody it continued this octave. Sir P. Sidney. Double octave. (Mus.) See under Double. -- Octave flute (Mus.), a small flute, the tones of which range an octave higher than those of the German or ordinary flute; -- called also piccolo. See Piccolo. 4. A small cask of wine, the eighth part of a pipe. Octave Oc"tave (?), a. Consisting of eight; eight. Dryden. Octavo Oc*ta"vo (?), n.;pl. Octavos (#). [L. in octavo; in in + octavo, abl. of octavus. See Octave.] A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eight leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book so made; -- usually written 8vo or 8°. Octavo Oc*ta"vo, a. Having eight leaves to a sheet; as, an octavo form, book, leaf, size, etc. Octene Oc"tene (?), n. [See Octo-.] (Chem.) Same as Octylene. Octennial Oc*ten"ni*al (?), a. [L. octennium a period of eight years; octo eight + annus year.] Happening every eighth year; also, lasting a period of eight years. Johnson. -- Oc*ten"ni*al*ly, adv. Octet Oc*tet" (?), n. [From L. octo eight, like E. duet, fr.L.duo. See Octave.] (Mus.) A composition for eight parts, usually for eight solo instruments or voices. Octic Oc"tic (?), a. [Octo- + -ic.] (Math.) Of the eighth degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the eighth degree. Octile Oc"tile (?), n. [Cf. F. octil, a. See Octant.] Same as Octant, 2. [R.] Octillion Oc*til"lion (?), n. [L. octo eight + -illion, as in E. million: cf. F. octillion.] According to the French method of numeration (which method is followed also in the United States) the number expressed by a unit with twenty-seven ciphers annexed. According to the English method, the number expressed by a unit with forty-eight ciphers annexed. See Numeration. Octo-, Octa- Oc"to- (?), Oc"ta- (?). [L.octo eight, Gr. Eight.] A combining form meaning eight; as in octodecimal, octodecimal, octolocular. Octoate Oc"to*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of an octoic acid; a caprylate. October Oc*to"ber (?), n. [L., the eighth month of the primitive Roman year, which began in March, fr. octo eight: cf.F. Octobre. See Octave.] 1. The tenth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. 2. Ale or cider made in that month. The country gentlemen had a posset or drink they called October. Emerson. Octocera Oc*toc"e*ra (?), n.pl. [NL.] Octocerata. Octocerata Oc`to*cer"a*ta (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Cephalopoda including Octopus, Argonauta, and allied genera, having eight arms around the head; -- called also Octopoda. Octochord Oc"to*chord (?), n. (Mus.) See Octachord. Octodecimo Oc`todec"i*mo (?), a. [L. octodecim eighteen. See Octavo, Decimal, and -mo.] Having eighteen leaves to a sheet; as, an octodecimo form, book, leaf, size, etc. Octodecimo Oc`to*dec"i*mo, n.; pl. Octodecimos (. A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eighteen leaves; hence; indicating more or less definitely a size of book, whose sheets are so folded; -- usually written 18mo or 18°, and called eighteenmo. Octodentate Oc`to*den"tate (?), a. [Octo- + dentate.] Having eight teeth. Octodont Oc"to*dont (?), a. [Octo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Octodontid\'91, a family of rodents which includes the coypu, and many other South American species. Octoedrical Oc`to*ed"ric*al (?), a. See Octahedral. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Octofid Oc"to*fid (?), a. [Octo- + root of L. findere to split: cf.F. octofide.] (Bot.) Cleft or separated into eight segments, as a calyx. Octogamy Oc*tog"a*my (?), n. [Octo- + Gr. A marrying eight times. [R.] Chaucer. Octogenarian Oc`to*ge*na"ri*an (?), n. A person eighty years, or more, of age. Octogenary Oc*tog"e*na*ry (?), a. [L. octogenarrus, from octogeni eighty each, octoginta eighty, fr. octo eight. See Eight, Eighty.] Of eighty years of age. "Being then octogenary." Aubrey. Octogild Oc"to*gild (?), n. [Octo- + AS. gild payment.] (Anglo-Saxon Law) A pecuniary compensation for an injury, of eight times the value of the thing. Octogonal Oc*tog"o*nal (?), a. See Octagonal. [Obs.] Octogynia Oc`to*gyn"i*a (?), n.pl. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A Linnaean order of plants having eight pistils. Octogynian, Octogynous Oc`to*gyn"i*an (?), Oc*tog"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Having eight pistils; octagynous. Octoic Oc*to"ic (?), a. [See Octo-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, octane; -- used specifically, to designate any one of a group of acids, the most important of which is called caprylic acid. _________________________________________________________________ Page 996 Octolocular Oc`to*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Octo- + locular.] (Bot.) Having eight cells for seeds. Octonaphthene Oc`to*naph"thene (?), n. [Octo- + naphthene.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon of the octylene series, occurring in Caucasian petroleum. Octonary Oc`to*na*ry (?), a. [L. octonarius, fr. octoni eight each, fr. octo eight.] Of or pertaining to the number eight. Dr. H. More. Octonocular Oc`to*noc"u*lar (?), a. [L. octoni eight each + E. ocular.] Having eight eyes. Derham. Octopede Oc`to*pede (?), n. [Octo- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal having eight feet, as a spider. Octopetalous Oc`to*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Octo- + petal.] (Bot.) Having eight petals or flower leaves. Octopod Oc"to*pod (?), n. [Gr. octopode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Octocerata. Octopoda Oc*top"o*da (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Same as Octocerata. (b) Same as Arachnida. Octopodia Oc`to*po"di*a (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Octocerata. Octopus Oc"to*pus (?), n. [NL. See Octopod.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of eight-armed cephalopods, including numerous species, some of them of large size. See Devilfish, Octoradiated Oc`to*ra"*di*a`ted (?), a. [Octo- + radiated.] Having eight rays. Octoroon Oc`to*roon" (?), n. [L. octo eight + -roon, as in quadroon.] The offspring of a quadroon and a white person; a mestee. Octospermous Oc`to*sper"mous (?), a. [Octo- + Cr. (Bot.) Containing eight seeds. Octostichous Oc*tos"ti*chous (?), a. [Octo- + Gr. (Bot.) In eight vertical ranks, as leaves on a stem. Octostyle Oc"to*style (?), a. [Octo- + Gr. octostyle.] (Arch.) Having eight columns in the front; -- said of a temple or portico. The Parthenon is octostyle, but most large Greek temples are hexastele. See Hexastyle. -- n. An octostyle portico or temple. Octosyllabic, Octosyllabical Oc`to*syl*lab"ic (?), Oc`to*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [L. octosyllabus. See Octo-, and Syllable.] Consisting of or containing eight syllables. Octosyllable Oc"to*syl`la*ble (?), a. Octosyllabic. Octosyllable Oc"to*syl`la*ble, n. A word of eight syllables. Octoyl Oc"to*yl (, n. [Octoic + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical (C8H15O), regarded as the essential residue of octoic acid. Octroi Oc`troi" (?), n. [F.] 1. A privilege granted by the sovereign authority, as the exclusive right of trade granted to a guild or society; a concession. 2. A tax levied in money or kind at the gate of a French city on articles brought within the walls. [Written also octroy.] Octuor Oc"tu*or (?), n. [From L. octo eight + -uor, as in L. quatuor.] (Mus.) See Octet. [R.] Octuple Oc"tu*ple (?), a. [L. octuplus; cf. Gr. octuple.] Eightfold. Octyl Oc"tyl (?), n. [Octane + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical regarded as an essential residue of octane, and as entering into its derivatives; as, octyl alcohol. Octylene Oc"tyl*ene (?), n. [Octane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of metameric hydrocarbons (C8H16) of the ethylene series. In general they are combustible, colorless liquids. Octylic Oc*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, octyl; as, octylic ether. Ocular Oc"u*lar (?), a. [L. ocularis, ocularius, fr. oculus the eye: cf.F. oculaire. See Eye, and cf. Antler, Inveigle.] 1. Depending on, or perceived by, the eye; received by actual sight; personally seeing or having seen; as, ocular proof. Shak. Thomas was an ocular witness of Christ's death. South. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the eye; optic. Ocular Oc"u*lar, n. (Opt.) The eyepiece of an optical instrument, as of a telescope or microscope. Ocularly Oc"u*lar*ly, adv. By the eye, or by actual sight. Oculary Oc"u*la*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; optic; as, oculary medicines. Holland. Oculate, Oculated Oc"u*late (?), Oc"u*la`ted (?), a. [L. oculatus, fr. oculus eye.] 1. Furnished with eyes. 2. Having spots or holes resembling eyes; ocellated. Oculiform Oc`u*li*form (?), a. [L. oculus the eye + form: cf.F. oculiforme.] In the form of an eye; resembling an eye; as, an oculiform pebble. Oculina Oc`u*li"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. oculus the eye.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of tropical corals, usually branched, and having a very volid texture. Oculinacea Oc`u*li*na"*ce*a (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. NL. oculina the name of a typical genus.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of corals including many reef-building species, having round, starlike calicles. Oculist Oc"u*list (?), n. [L. oculus the eye: cf. F. oculiste.] One skilled in treating diseases of the eye. Oculo- Oc"u*lo- (?). A combining form from L. oculus the eye. Oculomotor Oc`u*lo*mo"tor (?), a. [Oculo- + motor.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the movement of the eye; -- applied especially to the common motor nerves (or third pair of cranial nerves) which supply many of the muscles of the orbit. -- n. The oculomotor nerve. Oculonasal Oc`u*lo*na"sal (?), a. [Oculo- + nasal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the region of the eye and the nose; as, the oculonasal, or nasal, nerve, one of the branches of the ophthalmic. Oculus Oc"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Oculi (#). [L., an eye.] 1. An eye; (Bot.) a leaf bud. 2. (Arch.) A round window, usually a small one. Ocypodian O`cy*po"di*an, n. [Gr. 'wky`s swift + poy`s, podo`s, foot.] (Zo\'94l.)One of a tribe of crabs which live in holes in the sand along the seashore, and run very rapidly, -- whence the name. Od Od (?), n. [G., fr. Gr. (Physics) An alleged force or natural power, supposed, by Reichenbach and others, to produce the phenomena of mesmerism, and to be developed by various agencies, as by magnets, heat, light, chemical or vital action, etc.; -- called also odyle or the odylic force. [Archaic] That od force of German Reichenbach Which still, from female finger tips, burnt blue. Mrs. Browning. Odalisque O`da`lisque" (?), n. [F., fr. Turk. odaliq chambermaid, fr. oda chamber, room.] A female slave or concubine in the harem of the Turkish sultan. [Written also odahlic, odalisk, and odalik.] Not of those that men desire, sleek Odalisques, or oracles of mode. Tennyson. Odd Odd (?), a. [Compar. Odder (?); superl. Oddest.] [OE. odde, fr.Icel. oddi a tongue of land, a triangle, an odd number (from the third or odd angle, or point, of a triangle), orig., a point, tip; akin to Icel. oddr point, point of a weapon, Sw. udda odd, udd point, Dan. od, AS. ord, OHG. ort, G. ort place (cf. E. point, for change of meaning).] 1. Not paired with another, or remaining over after a pairing; without a mate; unmatched; single; as, an odd shoe; an odd glove. 2. Not divisible by 2 without a remainder; not capable of being evenly paired, one unit with another; as, 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, etc., are odd numbers. I hope good luck lies in odd numbers. Shak. 3. Left over after a definite round number has been taken or mentioned; indefinitely, but not greatly, exceeding a specified number; extra. Sixteen hundred and odd years after the earth was made, it was destroyed in a deluge. T. Burnet. There are yet missing of your company Some few odd lads that you remember not. Shak. 4. Remaining over; unconnected; detached; fragmentary; hence, occasional; inconsiderable; as, odd jobs; odd minutes; odd trifles. 5. Different from what is usual or common; unusual; singular; peculiar; unique; strange. "An odd action." Shak. "An odd expression." Thackeray. The odd man, to perform all things perfectly, is, in my poor opinion, Joannes Sturmius. Ascham. Patients have sometimes coveted odd things. Arbuthnot. Locke's Essay would be a very odd book for a man to make himself master of, who would get a reputation by critical writings. Spectator. Syn. -- Quaint; unmatched; singular; unusual; extraordinary; strange; queer; eccentric, whimsical; fantastical; droll; comical. See Quaint. Odd Fellow Odd" Fel`low (?). A member of a secret order, or fraternity, styled the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, established for mutual aid and social enjoyment. Oddity Odd"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Oddities (. 1. The quality or state of being odd; singularity; queerness; peculiarity; as, oddity of dress, manners, and the like. That infinitude of oddities in him. Sterne. 2. That which is odd; as, a collection of oddities. Oddly Odd"ly, adv. 1. In an odd manner; unevently. [R.] 2. In a peculiar manner; strangely; queerly; curiously. "A figure a little more oddly turned." Locke. A great black substance,... very oddly shaped. Swift. 3. (Math.) In a manner measured by an odd number. Oddness Odd"ness, n. 1. The state of being odd, or not even. Take but one from three, and you not only destroy the oddness, but also the essence of that number. Fotherby. 2. Singularity; strangeness; eccentricity; irregularity; uncouthness; as, the oddness of dress or shape; the oddness of an event. Young. Odds Odds (?), n. sing. & pl. [See Odd, a.] 1. Difference in favor of one and against another; excess of one of two things or numbers over the other; inequality; advantage; superiority; hence, excess of chances; probability. "Pre\'89minent by so much odds." Milton. "The fearful odds of that unequal fray." Trench. The odds Is that we scare are men and you are gods. Shak. There appeared, at least, four to one odds against them. Swift. All the odds between them has been the different s "cope....given to their understandings to range in. Locke. Judging is balancing an account and determining on which side the odds lie. Locke. 2. Quarrel; dispute; debate; strife; -- chiefly in the phraze at odds. Set them into confounding odds. Shak. I can not speak Any beginning to this peevish odds. Shak. At odds, in dispute; at variance. "These squires at odds did fall." Spenser. "He flashes into one gross crime or other, that sets us all at odds." Shak. -- It is odds, it is probable. [Obs.]<-- = "odds are" --> Jer. Taylor. -- Odds and ends, that which is left; remnants; fragments; refuse; scraps; miscellaneous articles. "My brain is filled...with all kinds of odds and ends." W. Irving. Ode Ode (?), n. [F., fr. L. ode, oda, Gr. vad to speak, sing. Cf. Comedy, Melody, Monody.] A short poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem; esp., now, a poem characterized by sustained noble sentiment and appropriate dignity of style. Hangs odes upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles. Shak. O! run; prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his blessed feet. Milton. Ode factor, one who makes, or who traffics in, odes; -- used contemptuously. Odelet Ode"let (?), n. A little or short ode. Odeon O*de"on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. od\'82on. See Ode.] A kind of theater in ancient Greece, smaller than the dramatic theater and roofed over, in which poets and musicians submitted their works to the approval of the public, and contended for prizes; -- hence, in modern usage, the name of a hall for musical or dramatic performances. Odeum O*de"um (?), n. [L.] See Odeon. Odible O"di*ble (?), a. [L. odibilis. See Odium.] Fitted to excite hatred; hateful. [Obs.] Bale. Odic Od"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to od. See Od. [Archaic] -- Od"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Odin O"din (?), n. [Icel. wood, a. See Wednesday.] (Northern Myth.) The supreme deity of the Scandinavians; -- the same as Woden, of the German tribes. There in the Temple, carved in wood, The image of great Odin stood. Longfellow. Odinic O*din"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Odin. Odious O"di*ous (?), a. [L. odiosus, from odium hatred: cf. F. odieux. See Odium.] 1. Hateful; deserving or receiving hatred; as, an odious name, system, vice. "All wickedness will be most odious." Sprat. He rendered himself odious to the Parliament. Clarendon. 2. Causing or provoking hatred, repugnance, or disgust; offensive; disagreeable; repulsive; as, an odious sight; an odious smell. Milton. The odious side of that polity. Macaulay. Syn. -- Hateful; detestable; abominable; disgusting; loathsome; invidious; repulsive; forbidding; unpopular. -- O"di*ous`ly. adv. -- O"di*ous*ness, n. Odist Od"ist (?), n. A writer of an ode or odes. Odium O"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. odi I hate. Gr. Annoy, Noisome.] 1. Hatred; dislike; as, his conduct brought him into odium, or, brought odium upon him. 2. The quality that provokes hatred; offensiveness. She threw the odium of the fact on me. Dryden. Odium theologicum ( [L.], the enmity peculiar to contending theologians. Syn. -- Hatred; abhorrence; detestation; antipathy. -- Odium, Hatred. We exercise hatred; we endure odium. The former has an active sense, the latter a passive one. We speak of having a hatred for a man, but not of having an odium toward him. A tyrant incurs odium. The odium of an offense may sometimes fall unjustly upon one who is innocent. I wish I had a cause to seek him there, To oppose his hatred fully. Shak. You have...dexterously thrown some of the odium of your polity upon that middle class which you despise. Beaconsfield. Odize Od"ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Odized (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Odizing.] To charge with od. See Od. [Archaic] Odmyl Od"myl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) A volatile liquid obtained by boiling sulphur with linseed oil. It has an unpleasant garlic odor. Odometer O*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. odom\'82tre, hodom\'82tre.] An instrument attached to the wheel of a vehicle, to measure the distance traversed; also, a wheel used by surveyors, which registers the miles and rods traversed. Odometrical O`do*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. odom\'82trique, hodom\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to the odometer, or to measurements made with it. Odometrous O*dom"e*trous (?), a. Serving to measure distance on a road. [R.] Sydney Smith. Odometry O*dom"e*try (?), n. Measurement of distances by the odometer. Odonata O*don"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of insects that includes the dragon flies. Odontalgia O`don*tal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Toothache. Odontalgic O`don*tal"gic (?), a. [Cf. F. odontalgique.] Of or pertaining to odontalgia. -- n. A remedy for the toothache. Odontalgy O`don*tal"gy (?), n. (Med.) Same as Odontalgia. Odontiasis O`don*ti"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Cutting of the teeth; dentition. Odonto- O*don"to- (?). A combining form from Gr. Odontoblast O*don"to*blast (?), n. [Odonto- + -blast.] 1. (Anat.) One of the more or less columnar cells on the outer surface of the pulp of a tooth; an odontoplast. They are supposed to be connected with the formation of dentine. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the cells which secrete the chitinous teeth of Mollusca. _________________________________________________________________ Page 997 Odontocete O*don`to*ce"te (?), n.pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A subdivision of Cetacea, including the sperm whale, dolphins, etc.; the toothed whales. Odontogeny O`don*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Odonto- + root of Gr. odontog\'82nie.] (Physiol.) Generetion, or mode of development, of the teeth. Odontograph O*don"to*graph (?), n. [Odonto- + -graph.] An instrument for marking or laying off the outlines of teeth of gear wheels. Odontographic O*don`to*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to odontography. Odontography O`don*tog"ra*phy (?), n. A description of the teeth. Odontoid O*don"toid (?), a. [Gr. odonto\'8bde.] (Anat.) (a) Having the form of a tooth; toothlike. (b) Of or pertaining to the odontoid bone or to the odontoid process. Odontoid bone (Anat.), a separate bone, in many reptiles, corresponding to the odontoid process. -- Odontoid process, OR Odontoid peg (Anat.), the anterior process of the centrum of the second vertebra, or axis, in birds and mammals. See Axis. Odontolcae O`don*tol"cae (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct order of ostrichlike aquatic birds having teeth, which are set in a groove in the jaw. It includes Hesperornis, and allied genera. See Hesperornis. [Written also Odontholcae, and Odontoholcae.] Odontolite O*don"to*lite (?), n. [Odonto- + -lite.] (Min.) A fossil tooth colored a bright blue by phosphate of iron. It is used as an imitation of turquoise, and hence called bone turquoise. Odontology O`don*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Odonto- + -logy: cf.F. odontologie.] The science which treats of the teeth, their structure and development. Odontophora O`don*toph"o*ra (?), n.pl. [NL. See Odontophore.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Cephalophora. Odontophore O*don"to*phore (?), n. [Odonto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A special structure found in the mouth of most mollusks, except bivalves. It consists of several muscles and a cartilage which supports a chitinous radula, or lingual ribbon, armed with teeth. Also applied to the radula alone. See Radula. Odontophorous O`don*toph"o*rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having an odontophore. Odontoplast O*don"to*plast (?), n. [Odonto- + Gr. (Anat.) An odontoblast. Odontopteryx O`don*top"te*ryx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth + pte`ryx a wing.] (Paleon.) An extinct Eocene bird having the jaws strongly serrated, or dentated, but destitute of true teeth. It was found near London. Odontornithes O*don`tor*ni*"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.Gr. 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth + (Paleon.) A group of Mesozoic birds having the jaws armed with teeth, as in most other vertebrates. They have been divided into three orders: Odontolc\'91, Odontotorm\'91, and Saurur\'91. Odontostomatous O*don"to*stom"a*tous (?), a. [Odonto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having toothlike mandibles; -- applied to certain insects. Odontotormae O*don`to*tor"mae (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. (Paleon.) An order of extinct toothed birds having the teeth in sockets, as in the genus Ichthyornis. See Ichthyornis. Odor O"dor (?), n. [OE. odor, odour, OF. odor, odour, F. odeur, fr. L. odor; akin to olere to smell, Gr. Olfactory, Osmium, Ozone, Redolent.] [Written also odour.] Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume. Meseemed I smelt a garden of sweet flowers, That dainty odors from them threw around. Spenser. To be in bad odor, to be out of favor, or in bad repute. Odorament O"dor*a*ment (?), n. [L. odoramentum. See Odorate.] A perfume; a strong scent. [Obs.] Burton. Odorant O"dor*ant (?), a. [L.odorans, -antis, p.pr.] Yielding odors; fragrant. Holland. Odorate O"dor*ate (?), a. [L. odoratus, p.p. of odorare to perfume, fr. odor odor.] Odorous. [Obos.] Bacon. Odorating O"dor*a*`ting (?), a. Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant. Odoriferous O`dor*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. odorifer; odor odor + ferre to bear. See Odoe, and st Bear.] Bearing or yielding an odor; perfumed; usually, sweet of scent; fragrant; as, odoriferous spices, particles, fumes, breezes. Milton. -- O`dor*if"er*ous*ly, adv. --O`dor*if"er*ous*ness, n. Odorline O"dor*line (?), n. (Chem.) A pungent oily substance obtained by redistilling bone oil. [Obs.] Odorless O"dor*less, a. Free from odor. Odorous O"dor*ous (?), a. [Written also odourous.] [L. odorus, fr.odor odor: cf. OF. odoros, odoreux.] Having or emitting an odor or scent, esp. a sweet odor; fragrant; sweet-smelling. "Odorous bloom." Keble. Such fragrant flowers do give most odorous smell. Spenser. -- O"dor*ous*ly, adv. -- O"dor*ous*ness, n. Ods Ods (?), interj. A corruption of God's; -- formerly used in oaths and ejaculatory phrases. "Ods bodikin." "Ods pity." Shak. Odyl, Odyle Od"yl, Od"yle (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) See Od. [Archaic]. Odylic O*dyl"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to odyle; odic; as, odylic force. [Archaic] Odyssey Od"ys*sey (?), n. [L. Odyssea, Gr. Odyss\'82e.] An epic poem attributed to Homer, which describes the return of Ulysses to Ithaca after the siege of Troy. \'d1 \'d1 (&emac;), a diphthong, employed in the Latin language, and thence in the English language, as the representative of the Greek diphthong oi. In many words in common use, e alone stands instead of &oe;. Classicists prefer to write the diphthong oe separate in Latin words. \'d1coid \'d1"coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.) The colorless porous framework, or stroma, of red blood corpuscles from which the zooid, or hemoglobin and other substances of the corpuscles, may be dissolved out. \'d1cology \'d1*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.-logy.] (Biol.) The various relations of animals and plants to one another and to the outer world. \'d1conomical \'d1`co*nom"ic*al (?), a. See Economical. \'d1conomics \'d1`co*nom"ics (?), n. See Economics. \'d1conomy \'d1*con"o*my (?), n. See Economy. \'d1cumenical \'d1c`u*men"ic*al (?), a. See Ecumenical. \'d1dema \'d1*de"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A swelling from effusion of watery fluid in the cellular tissue beneath the skin or mucous membrance; dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue. [Written also edema.] \'d1dematous \'d1*dem"a*tous (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, edema; affected with edema. \'d1iliad, \'d1illade \'d1*il"iad (?), \'d1il"lade` (?), n. [F. \'d2illade, fr. \'d2el eye. See Eyelent.] A glance of the eye; an amorous look. [Obs.] She gave strange \'d2illades and most speaking looks. Shak. \'d1let \'d1"let (?), n. [See Eyelet.] An eye, bud, or shoot, as of a plant; an oilet. [Obs.] Holland. \'d1nanthate \'d1*nan"thate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of the supposed &oe;nanthic acid. \'d1nanthic \'d1*nan"thic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Having, or imparting, the odor characteristic of the bouquet of wine; specifically used, formerly, to designate an acid whose ethereal salts were supposed to occasion the peculiar bouquet, or aroma, of old wine. Cf. \'d1nanthylic. \'d1nanthic acid, an acid obtained from &oe;nanthic ether by the action of alkalies. -- \'d1nanthic ether, an ethereal substance (not to be confused with the bouquet, or aroma, of wine) found in wine lees, and consisting of a complex mixture of the ethereal salts of several of the higher acids of the acetic acid series. It has an ethereal odor, and it used in flavoring artificial wines and liquors. Called also oil of wine. See Essential oil, under Essential. \'d1nanthol \'d1*nan"thol (?), n. [\'d2nanthylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An oily substance obtained by the distillation of castor oil, recognized as the aldehyde of \'d2nanthylic acid, and hence called also \'d2nanthaldehyde. \'d1nanthone \'d1*nan"thone (?), n. [\'d2nanthic + -one] (Chem.) The ketone of \'d2nanthic acid. \'d1nanthyl \'d1*nan"thyl (?), n. [\'d2nnthic + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical formerly supposed to exist in \'d2nanthic acid, now known to be identical with heptyl. \'d1nanthylate \'d1*nan"thyl*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of &oe;nanthylic acid; as, potassium \'d2nanthylate. \'d1nanthylic \'d1`nan*thyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, \'d2nanthyl; specifically, designating an acid formerly supposed to be identical with the acid in \'d2nanthic ether, but now known to be identical with heptoic acid. \'d1nanthylidene \'d1`nan*thyl"i*dene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, having a garlic odor; heptine. \'d1nanthylous \'d1*nan"thyl*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid formerly supposed to be the acid of \'d2nanthylic ether, but now known to be a mixture of higher acids, especially capric acid. [Obs.] \'d1nocyan \'d1`no*cy"an (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) The coloring matter of red wines. \'d1nology \'d1*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] Knowledge of wine, scientific or practical. \'d1nomania \'d1n`o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Delirium tremens. Rayer. (b) Dipsomania. \'d1nomel \'d1n"o*mel (?), n. [Gr. Wine mixed with honey; mead, [R.] \'d1nometer \'d1*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] See Alcoholometer. \'d1nophilist \'d1*noph"i*list (?), n. [Gr. A lover of wine. [R.]<-- now oenophile, older form obsolete! --> Thackeray. \'d1nothionic \'d1`no*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Gr. thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to an acid now called sulphovinic, OR ethyl sulphuric, acid. O'er O'er (?), prep. & adv. A contr. of Over. [Poetic] \'d1sophagus, n., \'d1sophageal \'d1*soph"a*gus, n., \'d1`so*phag"e*al, a., etc. Same as Esophagus, Esophageal, etc. \'d1strian \'d1s"tri*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the gadflies. -- n. A gadfly. \'d1strual \'d1s"tru*al (?), a. [See \'d1strus.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to sexual desire; -- mostly applied to brute animals; as, the \'d2strual period; \'d2strual influence. \'d1struation \'d1s`tru*a"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The state of being under \'d2strual influence, or of having sexual desire.<-- = oestrus? --> \'d1strus \'d1s"trus (?), n. [L., a gadfly; also, frenzy, fr.Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of gadflies. The species which deposits its larv\'91 in the nasal cavities of sheep is \'d2strus ovis. 2. A vehement desire; esp. (Physiol.), the periodical sexual impulse of animals; heat; rut. Of Of (?), prep. [AS. of of, from, off; akin to D. & OS. af, G. ab off, OHG. aba from, away, Icel., Dan., Sw., & Goth. af, L. ab, Gr. apa. Cf.Off, A- (2), Ab-, After, Epi-.] In a general sense, from, or out from; proceeding from; belonging to; relating to; concerning; -- used in a variety of applications; as: 1. Denoting that from which anything proceeds; indicating origin, source, descent, and the like; as, he is of a race of kings; he is of noble blood. That holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. Luke i. 35. I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you. 1 Cor. xi. 23. 2. Denoting possession or ownership, or the relation of subject to attribute; as, the apartment of the consul: the power of the king; a man of courage; the gate of heaven. "Poor of spirit." Macaulay. 3. Denoting the material of which anything is composed, or that which it contains; as, a throne of gold; a sword of steel; a wreath of mist; a cup of water. 4. Denoting part of an aggregate or whole; belonging to a number or quantity mentioned; out of; from amongst; as, of this little he had some to spare; some of the mines were unproductive; most of the company.<-- partative genitive --> It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed. Lam. iii. 22. It is a duty to communicate of those blessings we have received. Franklin. 5. Denoting that by which a person or thing is actuated or impelled; also, the source of a purpose or action; as, they went of their own will; no body can move of itself; he did it of necessity.<-- = out of, from, due to --> For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Josh. xi. 20. 6. Denoting reference to a thing; about; concerning; relating to; as, to boast of one's achievements. Knew you of this fair work? Shak. 7. Denoting nearness or distance, either in space or time; from; as, within a league of the town; within an hour of the appointed time. 8. Denoting identity or equivalence; -- used with a name or appellation, and equivalent to the relation of apposition; as, the continent of America; the city of Rome; the Island of Cuba.<-- always preceded by a type name? --> 9. Denoting the agent, or person by whom, or thing by which, anything is, or is done; by. And told to her of [by] some. Chaucer. He taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all. Luke iv. 15. [Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil. Luke iv. 1, 2. NOTE: &hand; Th e us e of th e wo rd in this sense, as applied to persons, is nearly obsolete. 10. Denoting relation to place or time; belonging to, or connected with; as, men of Athens; the people of the Middle Ages; in the days of Herod. 11. Denoting passage from one state to another; from. [Obs.] "O miserable of happy." Milton. 12. During; in the course of. Not be seen to wink of all the day. Shak. My custom always of the afternoon. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Of may be used in a subjective or an objective sense. "The love of God" may mean, our love for God, or God's love for us. NOTE: &hand; From is the primary sense of this preposition; a sense retained in off, the same word differently written for distinction. But this radical sense disappears in most of its application; as, a man of genius; a man of rare endowments; a fossil of a red color, or of an hexagonal figure; he lost all hope of relief; an affair of the cabinet; he is a man of decayed fortune; what is the price of corn? In these and similar phrases, of denotes property or possession, or a relation of some sort involving connection. These applications, however all proceeded from the same primary sense. That which proceeds from, or is produced by, a person or thing, either has had, or still has, a close connection with the same; and hence the word was applied to cases of mere connection, not involving at all the idea of separation. Of consequence, of importance, value, or influence. -- Of late, recently; in time not long past. -- Of old, formerly; in time long past. -- Of one's self, by one's self; without help or prompting; spontaneously. Why, knows not Montague, that of itself England is safe, if true within itself? Shak. Off Off (?), adv. [OE. of, orig. the same word as R. of, prep., AS. of, adv. & prep. \'fb194. See Of.] In a general sense, denoting from or away from; as: 1. Denoting distance or separation; as, the house is a mile off. 2. Denoting the action of removing or separating; separation; as, to take off the hat or cloak; to cut off, to pare off, to clip off, to peel off, to tear off, to march off, to fly off, and the like. 3. Denoting a leaving, abandonment, departure, abatement, interruption, or remission; as, the fever goes off; the pain goes off; the game is off; all bets are off. 4. Denoting a different direction; not on or towards: away; as, to look off. 5. Denoting opposition or negation. [Obs.] The questions no way touch upon puritanism, either off or on. Bp. Sanderson. From off, off from; off. "A live coal...taken with the tongs from off the altar." Is. vi. 6. -- Off and on. (a) Not constantly; not regularly; now and then; occasionally. (b) (Naut.) On different tacks, now toward, and now away from, the land. -- To be off. (a) To depart; to escape; as, he was off without a moment's warning. (b) To be abandoned, as an agreement or purpose; as, the bet was declared to be off. [Colloq.] -- To come off, To cut off, To fall off, To go off, etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, Go, etc. -- To get off. (a) To utter; to discharge; as, to get off a joke. (b) To go away; to escape; as, to get off easily from a trial. [Colloq.] -- To take off, to mimic or personate.<-- also, to take off on, to do a take-off on --> -- To tell off (Mil.), to divide and practice a regiment or company in the several formations, preparatory to marching to the general parade for field exercises. Farrow.<-- (b) to criticise --> -- To be well off, to be in good condition. -- To be ill off, To be badly off, to be in poor condition. _________________________________________________________________ Page 998 Off Off (?), interj. Away; begone; -- a command to depart. Off Off, prep. Not on; away from; as, to be off one's legs or off the bed; two miles off the shore. Addison. Off hand. See Offhand. -- Off side (Football), out of play; -- said when a player has got in front of the ball in a scrimmage, or when the ball has been last touched by one of his own side behind him. -- To be off color, to be of a wrong color.<-- to be mildly obscene --> -- To be off one's food, to have no appetite. (Colloq.) Off Off, a. 1. On the farther side; most distant; on the side of an animal or a team farthest from the driver when he is on foot; in the United States, the right side; as, the off horse or ox in a team, in distinction from the nigh or near horse or ox; the off leg. 2. Designating a time when one is not strictly attentive to business or affairs, or is absent from his post, and, hence, a time when affairs are not urgent; as, he took an off day for fishing: an off year in politics. "In the off season." Thackeray. Off side. (a) The right hand side in driving; the farther side. See Gee. (b) (Cricket) See Off, n. Off Off, n. (Cricket) The side of the field that is on the right of the wicket keeper. Offal Of"fal (?), n. [Off + fall.] 1. The rejected or waste parts of a butchered animal. 2. A dead body; carrion. Shak. 3. That which is thrown away as worthless or unfit for use; refuse; rubbish. The off als of other profession. South. Offcut Off"cut` (?), n. 1. That which is cut off. 2. (Bookbinding) A portion ofthe printed sheet, in certain sizes of books, that is cut off before folding. Offence Of*fence" (?), n. See Offense. Offend Of*fend (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offended; p. pr. & vb. n. Offending.] [OF. offendre, L. offendere, offensum; ob (see Ob-) + fendere (in comp.) to thrust, dash. See Defend.] 1. To strike against; to attack; to assail. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 2. To displease; to make angry; to affront. A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city. Prov. xviii. 19. 3. To be offensive to; to harm; to pain; to annoy; as, strong light offends the eye; to offend the conscience. 4. To transgress; to violate; to sin against. [Obs.] Marry, sir, he hath offended the law. Shak. 5. (Script.) To oppose or obstruct in duty; to cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall. [Obs.] Who hath you misboden or offended. Chaucer. If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out... And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off. Matt. v. 29, 3O. Great peace have they which love thy law, and nothing shall offend them. Ps. cxix. 165. Odfend Od*fend", v. i. 1. To transgress the moral or divine law; to commit a crime; to stumble; to sin. Whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all. James ii. 10. If it be a sin to cevet honor, I am the most offending soul alive. Shak. 2. To cause dislike, anger, or vexation; to displease. I shall offend, either to detain or give it. Shak. To offend against, to do an injury or wrong to; to commit an offense against. "We have offended against the Lord already." 2 Chron. xxviii. 13. Offendant Of*fend"ant (?), n. An offender. [R.] Holland. Offender Of*fend"er (?), n. One who offends; one who violates any law, divine or human; a wrongdoer. I and my son Solomon shall be counted offenders. 1 Kings i. 21. Offendress Of*fend"ress (?), n. A woman who offends. Shak. Offense, Offence Of*fense", Of*fence" (?), n. [F., fr. L. offensa. See Offend.] 1. The act of offending in any sense; esp., a crime or a sin, an affront or an injury. Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our justification. Rom. iv. 25. I have given my opinion against the authority of two great men, but I hope without offense to their memories. Dryden. 2. The state of being offended or displeased; anger; displeasure. He was content to give them just cause of offense, when they had power to make just revenge. Sir P. Sidney. 3. A cause or occasion of stumbling or of sin. [Obs.] Woe to that man by whom the offense cometh! Matt. xviii. 7. NOTE: &hand; This word, like expense, is often spelled with a c. It ought, however, to undergo the same change with expense, the reasons being the same, namely, that s must be used in offensive as in expensive, and is found in the Latin offensio, and the French offense. To take offense, to feel, or assume to be, injured or affronted; to become angry or hostile. -- Weapons of offense, those which are used in attack, in distinction from those of defense, which are used to repel. Syn. -- Displeasure; umbrage; resentment; misdeed; misdemeanor; trespass; transgression; delinquency; fault; sin; crime; affront; indignity; outrage; insult. Offenseful Of*fense"ful (?), a. Causing offense; displeasing; wrong; as, an offenseful act. [R.] Offenseless Of*fense"less, a. Unoffending; inoffensive. Offensible Of*fen"si*ble (?), a. That may give offense. [Obs.] Offension Of*fen"sion (?), n. [OF., fr. L. offensio an offense.] Assault; attack. [Obs.] Chaucer. Offensive Of*fen"sive (?), a. [Cf.F. offensif. See Offend.] 1. Giving offense; causing displeasure or resentment; displeasing; annoying; as, offensive words. 2. Giving pain or unpleasant sensations; disagreeable; revolting; noxious; as, an offensive smell; offensive sounds. "Offensive to the stomach." Bacon. 3. Making the first attack; assailant; aggressive; hence, used in attacking; -- opposed to defensive; as, an offensive war; offensive weapons. League offensive and defensive, a leaque that requires all the parties to it to make war together against any foe, and to defend one another if attacked. Syn. -- Displeasing; disagreeable; distasteful; obnoxious; abhorrent; disgusting; impertinent; rude; saucy; reproachful; opprobrious; insulting; insolent; abusive; scurrilous; assailant; attacking; invading. -- Of*fen"sive*ly, adv. -- Of*fen"sive*ness, n. Offensive Of*fen"sive (?), n. The state or posture of one who offends or makes attack; aggressive attitude; the act of the attacking party; -- opposed to defensive. To act on the offensive, to be the attacking party. Offer Of"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Offering.] [OE. offren, AS. offrian to sacrifice, fr. L. offerre; ob (see OB-) + ferre to bear, bring. The English word was influenced by F. offrir to offer, of the same origin. See 1st Bear.] 1. To present, as an act of worship; to immolate; to sacrifice; to present in prayer or devotion; -- often with up. Thou shalt offer every day a bullock for a sin offering for atonement. Ex. xxix. 36. A holy priesthood to offer up spiritual sacrifices. 1 Pet. ii. 5. 2. To bring to or before; to hold out to; to present for acceptance or rejection; as, to offer a present, or a bribe; to offer one's self in marriage. I offer thee three things. 2 Sam. xxiv. 12. 3. To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal of; to suggest; as, to offer an opinion. With the infinitive as an objective: To make an offer; to declare one's willingness; as, he offered to help me. 4. To attempt; to undertake. All that offer to defend him. Shak. 5. To bid, as a price, reward, or wages; as, to offer a guinea for a ring; to offer a salary or reward. 6. To put in opposition to; to manifest in an offensive way; to threaten; as, to offer violence, attack, etc. Syn. -- To propose; propound; move; proffer; tender; sacrifice; immolate. Offer Of"fer, v. i. 1. To present itself; to be at hand. The occasion offers, and the youth complies. Dryden. 2. To make an attempt; to make an essay or a trial; -- used with at. "Without offering at any other remedy." Swift. He would be offering at the shepherd's voice. L'Estrange. I will not offer at that I can not master. Bacon. Offer Of"fer (?), n. [Cf. F. offre, fr. offrir to offer, fr. L. offerre. See Offer, v. t.] 1. The act of offering, bringing forward, proposing, or bidding; a proffer; a first advance. "This offer comes from mercy." Shak. 2. That which is offered or brought forward; a proposal to be accepted or rejected; a sum offered; a bid. When offers are disdained, and love denied. Pope. 3. Attempt; endeavor; essay; as, he made an offer to catch the ball. "Some offer and attempt." South. Offerable Of"fer*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being offered; suitable or worthy to be offered. Offerer Of"fer*er (?), n. One who offers; esp., one who offers something to God in worship. Hooker. Offering Of"fer*ing, n. 1. The act of an offerer; a proffering. 2. That which is offered, esp. in divine service; that which is presented as an expiation or atonement for sin, or as a free gift; a sacrifice; an oblation; as, sin offering. They are polluted offerings more abhorred Than spotted livers in the sacrifice. Shak. 3. A sum of money offered, as in church service; as, a missionary offering. Specif.: (Ch. of Eng.) Personal tithes payable according to custom, either at certain seasons as Christmas or Easter, or on certain occasions as marriages or christenings. [None] to the offering before her should go. Chaucer. Burnt offering, Drink offering, etc. See under Burnt. etc. Offertory Of"fer*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Offertories . [L. offertorium the place to which offerings were brought, in LL. offertory: cf.F. offertoire.] 1. The act of offering, or the thing offered. [Obs. or R.] Bacon. Bp. Fell. 2. (R.C.Ch.) (a) An anthem chanted, or a voluntary played on the organ, during the offering and first part of the Mass. (b) That part of the Mass which the priest reads before uncovering the chalice to offer up the elements for consecration. (c) The oblation of the elements. 3. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) (a) The Scripture sentences said or sung during the collection of the offerings. (b) The offerings themselves. Offerture Of"fer*ture (?), n. [LL. offertura an offering.] Offer; proposal; overture. [Obs.] More offertures and advantages to his crown. Milton. Offhand Off"hand` (?), a. Instant; ready; extemporaneous; as, an offhand speech; offhand excuses. -- adv. In an offhand manner; as, he replied offhand. Office Of"fice (?), n. [F., fr. L. officium, for opificium; ops ability, wealth, holp + facere to do or make. See Opulent, Fact.] 1. That which a person does, either voluntarily or by appointment, for, or with reference to, others; customary duty, or a duty that arises from the relations of man to man; as, kind offices, pious offices. I would I could do a good office between you. Shak. 2. A special duty, trust, charge, or position, conferred by authority and for a public purpose; a position of trust or authority; as, an executive or judical office; a municipal office. 3. A charge or trust, of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself; as, the office of a priest under the old dispensation, and that of the apostles in the new. Inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office. Rom. xi. 13. 4. That which is performed, intended, or assigned to be done, by a particular thing, or that which anything is fitted to perform; a function; -- answering to duty in intelligent beings. They [the eyes] resign their office and their light. Shak. Hesperus, whose office is to bring Twilight upon the earth. Milton. In this experiment the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the office of so many prisms. Sir I. Newton. 5. The place where a particular kind of business or service for others is transacted; a house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business; as, the register's office; a lawyer's office. 6. The company or corporation, or persons collectively, whose place of business is in an office; as, I have notified the office. 7. pl. The apartments or outhouses in which the domestics discharge the duties attached to the service of a house, as kitchens, pantries, stables, etc. [Eng.] As for the offices, let them stand at distance. Bacon. 8. (Eccl.) Any service other than that of ordination and the Mass; any prescribed religious service. This morning was read in the church, after the office was done, the declaration setting forth the late conspiracy against the king's person. Evelyn. Holy office. Same as Inquisition, n., 3. -- Houses of office. Same as def. 7 above. Chaucer. -- Little office (R.C.Ch.), an office recited in honor of the Virgin Mary. -- Office bearer, an officer; one who has a specific office or duty to perform. -- Office copy (Law), an authenticated or certified copy of a record, from the proper office. See Certified copies, under Copy. Abbott. -- Office-found (Law), the finding of an inquest of office. See under Inquest. -- Office holder. See Officeholder in the Vocabulary Office Of`fice (?), v. t. To perform, as the duties of an office; to discharge. [Obs.] Shak. Officeholder Of"fice*hold"er (?), n. An officer, particularly one in the civil service; a placeman. Officer Of"fi*cer (?), n. [F. officier. See Office, and cf. Official, n.] 1. One who holds an office; a person lawfully invested with an office, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical; as, a church officer; a police officer; a staff officer. "I am an officer of state." Shak. 2. (U. S. Mil.) Specifically, a commissioned officer, in distinction from a warrant officer. Field officer, General officer, etc. See under Field, General. etc. -- Officer of the day (Mil.), the officer who, on a given day, has charge for that day of the quard, prisoners, and police of the post or camp. -- Officer of the deck, OR Officer of the watch (Naut.), the officer temporarily in charge on the deck of a vessel, esp. a war vessel. Officer Of"fi*cer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Officered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Officering.] 1. To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over. Marshall. 2. To command as an officer; as, veterans from old regiments officered the recruits. Official Of*fi"cial (?), a. [L. officialis: cf. F. officiel. See Office, and cf. Official, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to an office or public trust; as, official duties, or routine. That, in the official marks invested, you Anon do meet the senate. Shak. 2. Derived from the proper office or officer, or from the proper authority; made or communicated by virtue of authority; as, an official statement or report. 3. (Pharm.) Approved by authority; sanctioned by the pharmacop\'d2ia; appointed to be used in medicine; as, an official drug or preparation. Cf. Officinal. 4. Discharging an office or function. [Obs.] The stomach and other parts official unto nutrition. Sir T. Browne. Official Of*fi"cial, n. [L. officialis a magistrate's servant or attendant: cf.F. official. See Official, a., and cf. Officer.] 1. One who holds an office; esp., a subordinate executive officer or attendant. 2. An ecclesiastical judge appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, etc., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction. Blackstone. Officialism Of*fi"cial*ism (?), n. The state of being official; a system of official government; also, adherence to office routine; red-tapism. Officialism may often drift into blunders. Smiles. Officialily Of*fi`ci*al`i*ly (?), n. See Officialty. Officially Of*fi"cial*ly (?), adv. By the proper officer; by virtue of the proper authority; in pursuance of the special powers vested in an officer or office; as, accounts or reports officially vertified or rendered; letters officially communicated; persons officially notified. Officialty Of*fi"cial*ty (?), n. [Cf.F. officialit\'82.] The charge, office, court, or jurisdiction of an official. Ayliffe. Officiant Of*fi"ciant (?), n. [L. officians, p.pr. See Officiate.] (Eccl.) The officer who officiates or performs an office, as the burial office. Shipley. Officiary Of*fi"ci*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to an office or an officer; official. [R.] Heylin. Officiate Of*fi"ci*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Officiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Officiating.] [LL. officiare. See Office.] To act as an officer in performing a duty; to transact the business of an office or public trust; to conduct a public service. Bp. Stillingfleet. Officiate Of*fi"ci*ate, v. t. To discharge, perform, or supply, as an official duty or function. [Obs.] Merely to officiate light Round this opacous earth. Milton. Officiator Of*fi"ci*a`tor (?), n. One who officiates. Tylor. Officinal Of*fic"i*nal (?), a. [F., fr. L. officina a workshop, contr.fr. opificina, fr. opifex a workman; opus work + facere to make or do.] 1. Used in a shop, or belonging to it. [Obs. or R.] Johnson. 2. (Pharm.) Kept in stock by apothecaries; -- said of such drugs and medicines as may be obtained without special preparation or compounding; not magistral. NOTE: &hand; Th is term is often interchanged with official, but in strict use officinal drugs are not necessarily official. See Official, a., 3. Officious Of*fi"cious (?), a. [L. officiosus: cf.F. officieux. See Office.] 1. Pertaining to, or being in accordance with, duty. [R.] If there were any lie in the case, it could be no more than as officious and venial one. Note on Gen. xxvii. (Douay version). 2. Disposed to serve; kind; obliging. [Archaic] Yet not to earth are those bright luminaries Officious. Milton. They were tolerably well bred, very officious, humane, and hospitable. Burke. 3. Importunately interposing services; intermeddling in affairs in which one has no concern; meddlesome. You are too officious In her behalf that scorns your services. Shak. Syn. -- Impertinent; meddling. See Impertinent. -- Of*fi"cious*ly, adv. -- Of*fi"cious*ness, n. _________________________________________________________________ Page 999 Offing Off"ing (?), n. [From Off.] That part of the sea at a good distance from the shore, or where there is deep water and no need of a pilot; also, distance from the shore; as, the ship had ten miles offing; we saw a ship in the offing. <-- hence, coming, arriving in the near future --> Offish Off"ish, a. Shy or distant in manner. [Colloq. U.S.] Offlet Off"let, n. [Off + let.] A pipe to let off water. Offscouring Off"scour`ing (?), n. [Off + scour.] That which is scoured off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile or despised. Lam. iii. 45. Offscum Off"scum` (?), n. [Off + scum.] Removed scum; refuse; dross. Offset Off"set` (?), n. [Off + set. Cf. Set-off.] In general, that which is set off, from, before, or against, something; as: -- 1. (Bot.) A short prostrate shoot, which takes root and produces a tuft of leaves, etc. See Illust. of Houseleek. 2. A sum, account, or value set off against another sum or account, as an equivalent; hence, anything which is given in exchange or retaliation; a set-off. 3. A spur from a range of hills or mountains. 4. (Arch.) A horizontal ledge on the face of a wall, formed by a diminution of its thickness, or by the weathering or upper surface of a part built out from it; -- called also set-off. 5. (Surv.) A short distance measured at right angles from a line actually run to some point in an irregular boundary, or to some object. 6. (Mech.) An abrupt bend in an object, as a rod, by which one part is turned aside out of line, but nearly parallel, with the rest; the part thus bent aside. 7. (Print.) A more or less distinct transfer of a printed page or picture to the opposite page, when the pages are pressed together before the ink is dry or when it is poor. Offset staff (Surv.), a rod, usually ten links long, used in measuring offsets. <-- offset printing. see def. 7 --> Offset Off*set" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Offset; p. pr. & vb. n. Offsetting.] 1. To set off; to place over against; to balance; as, to offset one account or charge against another. 2. To form an offset in, as in a wall, rod, pipe, etc. Offset Off"set, v. i. (Printing) To make an offset. Offshoot Off"shoot` (?), n. [Off + shoot.] That which shoots off or separates from a main stem, channel, family, race, etc.; as, the offshoots of a tree. Offshore Off"shore" (?), a. From the shore; as, an offshore wind; an offshore signal. Offskip Off"skip` (?), n. [Off + -skip, as in landskip.] (Paint.) That part of a landscape which recedes from the spectator into distance. [R.] Fairholt. Offspring Off"spring` (?), n.sing. & pl. [Off + spring.] 1. The act of production; generation. [Obs.] 2. That which is produced; a child or children; a descendant or descendants, however remote from the stock. To the gods alone Our future offspring and our wives are known. Dryden. 3. Origin; lineage; family. [Obs.] Fairfax. Offuscate, Offuscation Of*fus"cate (?), Of`fus*ca`tion (?). See Obfuscate, Obfuscation. [Obs.] Oft Oft (&ocr;ft; 115), adv. [AS. oft; akin to OS. & G. oft, OHG. ofto, Sw. ofta, Dan. ofte, Icel.opt, Goth. ufta; of uncertain origin. Cf. Often.] Often; frequently; not rarely; many times. [Poetic] Chaucer. Oft she rejects, but never once offends. Pope. Oft Oft, a. Frequent; often; repeated. [Poetic] Often Of`ten (?), adv. [Compar. Oftener (?); superl. Oftenest.] [Formerly also ofte, fr. oft. See Oft., adv.] Frequently; many times; not seldom. Often Of"ten, a. Frequent; common; repeated. [R.] "Thine often infirmities." 1 Tim. v. 23. And weary thee with often welcomes. Beau. & Fl. Oftenness Of"ten*ness, n. Frequency. Hooker. Oftensith Of"ten*sith (?), adv. [Often + sith time.] Frequently; often. [Obs.] For whom I sighed have so oftensith. Gascoigne. Oftentide Of"ten*tide" (?), adv. [Often + tide time.] Frequently; often. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne. Oftentimes Of"ten*times` (?), adv. [Often + time. Cf. -wards.] Frequently; often; many times. Wordsworth. Ofter Oft"er (?), adv. Compar. of Oft. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ofttimes Oft"times` (?), adv. [Oft + time. Cf. -wards.] Frequently; often. Milton. Ogam Og"am (?), n. Same as Ogham. Ogdoad Og"do*ad (?), n. [Gr. , , from A thing made up of eight parts. Milman. Ogdoastich Og`do*as`tich (?), n. [Gr. A poem of eight lines. [Obs.] Selden Ogee O*gee" (?), n. [F. ogive, augive, LL. augiva, of uncertain origin; cf.LL. ogis a support, prop. L. augere to increase, strengthen, Sp. auge highest point of power or fortune, apogee, Ar. auj, an astronomical term.] 1. (Arch.) A molding, the section of which is the form of the letter S, with the convex part above; cyma reversa. See Illust. under Cyma. 2. Hence, any similar figure used for any purpose. Ogee arch (Arch.), a pointed arch, each of the sides of which has the curve of an ogee, that is, has a reversed curve near the apex. Ogeechee lime O*gee"chee lime` (?). [So named from the Ogeechee River in Georgia.] (Bot.) (a) The acid, olive-shaped, drupaceous fruit of a species of tupelo (Nyssa capitata) which grows in swamps in Georgia and Florida. (b) The tree which bears this fruit. Ogganition Og`ga*ni"tion (?), n. [L.oggannire to snarl at; ob (see Ob-) + gannire to yelp.] Snarling; grumbling. [R.] Bp. Montagu. Ogham Og"ham (?), n. [Ir.] A particular kind of writing practiced by the ancient Irish, and found in inscriptions on stones, metals, etc. [Written also ogam.] Ogive O"give (?), n. [F. ogive, OF. augive a pointed arch, LL. augiva a double arch of two at right angles.] (Arch.) The arch or rib which crosses a Gothic vault diagonally. Ogle O"gle (&omac;g'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ogled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ogling (?).] [From a Dutch word corresponding to G. \'84ugeln to ogle, fr. auge eye; cf. D. ooglonken to ogle, OD. oogen to cast sheep's eyes upon, ooge eye. See Eye.] To view or look at with side glances, as in fondness, or with a design to attract notice. And ogling all their audience, ere they speak. Dryden. Ogle O"gle, n. An amorous side glance or look. Byron. Ogler O"gler (?), n. One who ogles. Addison. Oglio O"gli*o (?), n. See Olio. Ogre O"gre (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. ogro, fr. L. Orcus the god of the infernal regions; also, the lower world, hell.] An imaginary monster, or hideous giant of fairy tales, who lived on human beings; hence, any frightful giant; a cruel monster. His schoolroom must have resembled an ogre's den. Maccaulay. Ogreish O"gre*ish, a. Resembling an ogre; having the character or appearance of an ogre; suitable for an ogre. "An ogreish kind of jocularity." Dickens. Ogress O"gress (?), n. [F.ogresse. See Ogre.] A female ogre. Tennyson. Ogreism, Ogrism O"gre*ism (?), O"grism (?), n. The character or manners of an ogre. Ogygian O*gyg"i*an (?), a. [L. Ogygius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Ogyges, a mythical king of ancient Attica, or to a great deluge in Attica in his days; hence, primeval; of obscure antiquity. Oh Oh (?), interj. [See O, interj.] An exclamation expressing various emotions, according to the tone and manner, especially surprise, pain, sorrow, anxiety, or a wish. See the Note under O. Ohm Ohm (?), n. [So called from the German electrician, G.S. Ohm.] (Elec.) The standard unit in the measure of electrical resistance, being the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one amp\'82re. As defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893, and by United States Statute, it is a resistance substantially equal to 109 units of resistance of the C.G.S. system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice 14.4521 grams in mass, of a constant cross-sectional area, and of the length of 106.3 centimeters. As thus defined it is called the international ohm. Ohm's law (Elec.), the statement of the fact that the strength or intensity of an electrical current is directly proportional to the electro-motive force, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit. Oho O*ho" (?), interj. An exclamation of surprise, etc. -oid -oid (?). [Gr. wit: cf.F. -o\'8bde, L. -o\'8bdes.] A suffix or combining form meaning like, resembling, in the form of; as in anthropoid, asteroid, spheroid. O\'8bdium O*\'8bd"i*um (?), n. [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of minute fungi which form a floccose mass of filaments on decaying fruit, etc. Many forms once referred to this genus are now believed to be temporary conditions of fungi of other genera, among them the vine mildew (O\'8bdium Tuckeri), which has caused much injury to grapes. Oil Oil (?), n. [OE. oile, OF. oile, F. huile, fr. L. oleum; akin to Gr. Olive.] Any one of a great variety of unctuous combustible substances, not miscible with water; as, olive oil, whale oil, rock oil, etc. They are of animal, vegetable, or mineral origin and of varied composition, and they are variously used for food, for solvents, for anointing, lubrication, illumination, etc. By extension, any substance of an oily consistency; as, oil of vitriol. NOTE: &hand; Th e mi neral oi ls ar e va rieties of petroleum. See Petroleum. The vegetable oils are of two classes, essential oils (see under Essential), and natural oils which in general resemble the animal oils and fats. Most of the natural oils and the animal oils and fats consist of ethereal salts of glycerin, with a large number of organic acids, principally stearic, oleic, and palmitic, forming respectively stearin, olein, and palmitin. Stearin and palmitin prevail in the solid oils and fats, and olein in the liquid oils. Mutton tallow, beef tallow, and lard are rich in stearin, human fat and palm oil in palmitin, and sperm and cod-liver oils in olein. In making soaps, the acids leave the glycerin and unite with the soda or potash. Animal oil, Bone oil, Dipple's oil, etc. (Old Chem.), a complex oil obtained by the distillation of animal substances, as bones. See Bone oil, under Bone. -- Drying oils, Essential oils. (Chem.) See under Drying, and Essential. -- Ethereal oil of wine, Heavy oil of wine. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. -- Fixed oil. (Chem.) See under Fixed. -- Oil bag (Zo\'94l.), a bag, cyst, or gland in animals, containing oil. -- Oil beetle (Zo\'94l.), any beetle of the genus Meloe and allied genera. When disturbed they emit from the joints of the legs a yellowish oily liquor. Some species possess vesicating properties, and are used instead of cantharides. -- Oil box, OR Oil cellar (Mach.), a fixed box or reservoir, for lubricating a bearing; esp., the box for oil beneath the journal of a railway-car axle. -- Oil cake. See under Cake. -- Oil cock, a stopcock connected with an oil cup. See Oil cup. -- Oil color. (a) A paint made by grinding a coloring substance in oil. (b) Such paints, taken in a general sense.<-- (c)a painting made from such a paint --> -- Oil cup, a cup, or small receptacle, connected with a bearing as a lubricator, and usually provided with a wick, wire, or adjustable valve for regulating the delivery of oil. -- Oil engine, a gas engine worked with the explosive vapor of petroleum.<-- = gasoline engine? --> -- Oil gas, inflammable gas procured from oil, and used for lighting streets, houses, etc. -- Oil gland. (a) (Zo\'94l.) A gland which secretes oil; especially in birds, the large gland at the base of the tail. (b) (Bot.) A gland, in some plants, producing oil. -- Oil green, a pale yellowish green, like oil. -- Oil of brick, empyreumatic oil obtained by subjecting a brick soaked in oil to distillation at a high temperature, -- used by lapidaries as a vehicle for the emery by which stones and gems are sawn or cut. Brande & C. -- Oil of talc, a nostrum made of calcined talc, and famous in the 17th century as a cosmetic. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Oil of vitriol (Chem.), strong sulphuric acid; -- so called from its oily consistency and from its forming the vitriols or sulphates. -- Oil of wine, nanthic ether. See under nanthic. -- Oil painting. (a) The art of painting in oil colors. (b) Any kind of painting of which the pigments are originally ground in oil. -- Oil palm (Bot.), a palm tree whose fruit furnishes oil, esp. El\'91is Guineensis. See El\'91is. -- Oil sardine (Zo\'94l.), an East Indian herring (Clupea scombrina), valued for its oil. -- Oil shark (Zo\'94l.) (a) The liver shark. (b) The tope. -- Oil still, a still for hydrocarbons, esp. for petroleum. -- Oil test, a test for determining the temperature at which petroleum oils give off vapor which is liable to explode. -- Oil tree. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Ricinus (R. communis), from the seeds of which castor oil is obtained. (b) An Indian tree, the mahwa. See Mahwa. (c) The oil palm. -- To burn the midnight oil, to study or work late at night. -- Volatle oils. See Essential oils, under Essential. Oil Oil (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oiling.] To smear or rub over with oil; to lubricate with oil; to anoint with oil. Oilbird Oil"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Guacharo. Oilcloth Oil"cloth" (?), n. Cloth treated with oil or paint, and used for marking garments, covering flooors, etc. Oiled Oiled (?), a. Covered or treated with oil; dressed with, or soaked in, oil. Oiled silk, silk rendered waterproof by saturation with boiled oil. Oiler Oil"er (?), n. 1. One who deals in oils. 2. One who, or that which, oils. Oilery Oil"er*y (?), n. [Cf.F. huilerie.] The business, the place of business, or the goods, of a maker of, or dealer in, oils. Oiliness Oil"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being oily. Bacon. Oillet Oil"let (?), n. [See Eyelet.] (Arch.) (a) A small opening or loophole, sometimes circular, used in medi\'91val fortifications. (b) A small circular opening, and ring of moldings surrounding it, used in window tracery in Gothic architecture. [Written also oylet.] Oilman Oil"man (?), n.; pl. Oilmen (. One who deals in oils; formerly, one who dealt in oils and pickles. <-- 2. one working in the petroleum industry, esp. an oil company executive. --> Oilnut Oil"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) The buffalo nut. See Buffalo nut, under Buffalo. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is al so applied to various nuts and seeds yielding oil, as the butternut, cocoanut, oil-palm nut. Oilseed Oil"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Seed from which oil is expressed, as the castor bean; also, the plant yielding such seed. See Castor bean. (b) A cruciferous herb (Camelina sativa). (c) The sesame. Oilskin Oil"skin` (?), n. Cloth made waterproof by oil. Oilstone Oil"stone` (?), n. A variety of hone slate, or whetstone, used for whetting tools when lubricated with oil. Oily Oil"y (?), a. [Compar. Oilier (?); superl. Oiliest.] 1. Consisting of oil; containing oil; having the nature or qualities of oil; unctuous; oleaginous; as, oily matter or substance. Bacon. 2. Covered with oil; greasy; hence, resembling oil; as, an oily appearance. 3. Smoothly subservient; supple; compliant; plausible; insinuating. "This oily rascal." Shak. His oily compliance in all alterations. Fuller. Oily grain (Bot.), the sesame. -- Oily palm, the oil palm. Oinement Oi"ne*ment (?), n. Ointment. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oinomania Oi`no*ma"ni*a (?), n. See \'d2nomania. Oint Oint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ointed; p. pr & vb. n. Ointing.] [F. oint, p.p. of oindre, L. ungere. See Anoint, Ointment.] To anoint. [Obs.] Dryden. Ointment Oint"ment (?), n. [OE. oinement, OF. oignement, fr.F. oindre to anoint, L. ungere, unguere; akin to Skr. a, and to G. anke (in Switzerland) butter. The first t in the E. word is due to the influence of anoint. Cf. Anoint, Unguent.] That which serves to anoint; any soft unctuous substance used for smearing or anointing; an unguent. Ojibways O*jib"ways (?), n. pl.; sing. Ojibway. (Ethnol.) Same as Chippeways. Ojo O"jo (?), n. [Sp., prop., an eye.] A spring, surrounded by rushes or rank grass; an oasis. [Southwestern U.S.] Bartlett. Oke Oke (?), n. [Turk. okkah, fr. Ar. &umac;k&imac;yah, wak&imac;yah, prob. fr. Gr. uncia. Cf. Ounce a weight.] 1. A Turkish and Egyptian weight, equal to about 2 pounds. 2. An Hungarian and Wallachian measure, equal to about 2 pints. Okenite O"ken*ite (?), n. [Prob. from Lorenz Oken, a German naturalist.] (Min.) A massive and fibrous mineral of a whitish color, chiefly hydrous silicate of lime. Oker O"ker (?), n. (Min.) See Ocher. Okra O"kra (?), n. (Bot.) An annual plant (Abelmoschus, OR Hibiscus, esculentus), whose green pods, abounding in nutritious mucilage, are much used for soups, stews, or pickles; gumbo. [Written also ocra and ochra.] -ol -ol (?). [From alcohol.] (Chem.) A suffix denoting that the substance in the name of which it appears belongs to the series of alcohols or hydroxyl derivatives, as carbinol, glycerol, etc. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1000 _________________________________________________________________ Page 1000 Olay O"lay (?), n. pl. [Tamil \'d3lai.] Palm leaves, prepared for being written upon with a style pointed with steel. [Written also ola.] Balfour (Cyc. of India). Old Old (?), n. Open country. [Obs.] See World. Shak. Old Old, a. [Compar. Older (?); superl. Oldest.] [OE. old, ald, AS. ald, eald; akin to D. oud, OS. ald, OFries. ald, old, G. alt, Goth. alpeis, and also to Goth. alan to grow up, Icel. ala to bear, produce, bring up, L. alere to nourish. Cf. Adult, Alderman, Aliment, Auld, Elder.] 1. Not young; advanced far in years or life; having lived till toward the end of the ordinary term of living; as, an old man; an old age; an old horse; an old tree. Let not old age disgrace my high desire. Sir P. Sidney. The melancholy news that we grow old. Young. 2. Not new or fresh; not recently made or produced; having existed for a long time; as, old wine; an old friendship. "An old acquaintance." Camden. 3. Formerly existing; ancient; not modern; preceding; original; as, an old law; an old custom; an old promise. "The old schools of Greece." Milton. "The character of the old Ligurians." Addison. 4. Continued in life; advanced in the course of existence; having (a certain) length of existence; -- designating the age of a person or thing; as, an infant a few hours old; a cathedral centuries old. And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou? Cen. xlvii. 8. NOTE: &hand; In th is us e ol d re gularly fo llows th e noun that designates the age; as, she was eight years old. 5. Long practiced; hence, skilled; experienced; cunning; as, an old offender; old in vice. Vane, young in years, but in sage counsel old. Milton. 6. Long cultivated; as, an old farm; old land, as opposed to new land, that is, to land lately cleared. 7. Worn out; weakened or exhausted by use; past usefulness; as, old shoes; old clothes. 8. More than enough; abundant. [Obs.] If a man were porter of hell gate, he should have old turning the key. Shak. 9. Aged; antiquated; hence, wanting in the mental vigor or other qualities belonging to youth; -- used disparagingly as a term of reproach. 10. Old-fashioned; wonted; customary; as of old; as, the good old times; hence, colloquially, gay; jolly. 11. Used colloquially as a term of cordiality and familiarity. "Go thy ways, old lad." Shak. Old age, advanced years; the latter period of life. -- Old bachelor. See Bachelor, 1. -- Old Catholics. See under Catholic. -- Old English. See under English. n., 2. -- Old Nick, Old Scratch, the devil. -- Old lady (Zo\'94l.), a large European noctuid moth (Mormo maura). -- Old maid. (a) A woman, somewhat advanced in years, who has never been married; a spinster. (b) (Bot.) A West Indian name for the pink-flowered periwinkle (Vinca rosea). (c) A simple game of cards, played by matching them. The person with whom the odd card is left is the old maid. -- Old man's beard. (Bot.) (a) The traveler's joy (Clematis Vitalba). So named from the abundant long feathery awns of its fruit. (b) The Tillandsia usneoides. See Tillandsia. -- Old man's head (Bot.), a columnar cactus (Pilocereus senilis), native of Mexico, covered towards the top with long white hairs. -- Old red sandstone (Geol.), a series of red sandstone rocks situated below the rocks of the Carboniferous age and comprising various strata of siliceous sandstones and conglomerates. See Sandstone, and the Chart of Geology. -- Old school, a school or party belonging to a former time, or preserving the character, manner, or opinious of a former time; as, a gentleman of the old school; -- used also adjectively; as, Old-School Presbyterians. -- Old sledge, an old and well-known game of cards, called also all fours, and high, low, Jack, and the game. -- Old squaw (Zo\'94l.), a duck (Clangula hyemalis) inhabiting the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is varied with black and white and is remarkable for the length of its tail. Called also longtailed duck, south southerly, callow, hareld, and old wife. -- Old style. (Chron.) See the Note under Style. -- Old Testament. See under Testament. -- Old wife. [In the senses b and cwritten also oldwife.] (a) A prating old woman; a gossip. Refuse profane and old wives' fables. 1 Tim. iv. 7. (b) (Zo\'94l.) The local name of various fishes, as the European black sea bream (Cantharus lineatus), the American alewife, etc. (c) (Zo\'94l.) A duck; the old squaw. -- Old World, the Eastern Hemisphere. Syn. -- Aged; ancient; pristine; primitive; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned; obsolete. See Ancient. Olden Old"en (?), a. Old; ancient; as, the olden time. "A minstrel of the olden stamp." J. C. Shairp. Olden Old"en, v. i. To grow old; to age. [R.] She had oldened in that time. Thackeray. Old-fashioned Old`-fash"ioned (?), a. Formed according to old or obsolete fashion or pattern; adhering to old customs or ideas; as, an old-fashioned dress, girl. "Old-fashioned men of wit." Addison. This old-fashioned, quaint abode. Longfellow. Old-gentlemanly Old`-gen"tle*man*ly (?), a. Pertaining to an old gentleman, or like one. Byron. Oldish Old"ish, a. Somewhat old. Old lang syne Old` lang syne" (?). See Auld lang syne. Old-maidish Old`-maid"ish (?), a. Like an old maid; prim; precise; particular. Old-maidism Old`-maid"ism (?), n. The condition or characteristics of an old maid. G. Eliot. Oldness Old"ness, n. The state or quality of being old; old age. Oldster Old"ster (?), n. [Cf. Youngster.] An old person. [Jocular] H. Kingsley. Old-womanish Old`-wom`an*ish (?), a. Like an old woman; anile. -- Old`-wom"an*ish*ness, n. Olea O"le*a (?), n. [L. olive. See Olive.] (Bot.) A genus of trees including the olive. NOTE: &hand; Th e Ch inese Ol ea fragrans, noted for its fragrance, and the American devilwood (Olea Americana) are now usually referred to another genus (Osmanthus). Oleaceous O`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L. ol\'82aceus of the olive tree.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Oleace\'91), mostly trees and shrubs, of which the olive is the type. It includes also the ash, the lilac, the true jasmine, and fringe tree. Oleaginous O`le*ag`i*nous (?), a. [L. oleaginus, oleagineus, belonging to the olive, fr. olea olive: cf. F. ol\'82agineux. See Olive, Oil.] Having the nature or qualities of oil; oily; unctuous. Oleaginousness O`le*ag`i*nous*ness, n. Oiliness. Boyle. Oleamen O`le*a"men (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A soft ointment prepared from oil. Dunglison. Oleander O`le*an"der (?), n. [F. ol\'82andre (cf. It. oleandro, LL. lorandrum), prob. corrupted, under the influence of laurus laurel, fr. L. rhododendron, Gr. (Bot.) A beautiful evergreen shrub of the Dogbane family, having clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. It is native of the East Indies, but the red variety has become common in the south of Europe. Called also rosebay, rose laurel, and South-sea rose. NOTE: &hand; Ev ery part of the plant is dangerously poisonous, and death has occured from using its wood for skewers in cooking meat. Oleandrine O`le*an"drine (?), n. (Chem.) One of several alkaloids found in the leaves of the oleander. Oleaster O`le*as"ter (?), n. [L., fr. olea olive tree. See Olive, Oil.] (Bot.) (a) The wild olive tree (Olea Europea, var. sylvestris). (b) Any species of the genus El\'91agus. See Eleagnus. The small silvery berries of the common species (El\'91agnus hortensis) are called Trebizond dates, and are made into cakes by the Arabs. Oleate O"le*ate (?), n. [Cf.F. ol\'82ate.] (Chem.) A salt of oleic acid. Some oleates, as the oleate of mercury, are used in medicine by way of inunction. Olecranal O*lec"ra*nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the olecranon. Olecranon O*lec"ra*non (?), n. [NL., fr.Gr. (Anat.) The large process at the proximal end of the ulna which projects behind the articulation with the humerus and forms the bony prominence of the elbow. Olefiant O*le"fi*ant (?), a. [F. ol\'82fiant, fr.L. oleum oil + -ficare (in comp.). Cf. -Fy.] (Chem.) Forming or producing an oil; specifically, designating a colorless gaseous hydrocarbon called ethylene. [Archaic] Olefine O"le*fine (?), n. [From Olefiant.] (Chem.) Olefiant gas, or ethylene; hence, by extension, any one of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is a type. See Ethylene. Oleic O"le*ic (?), a. [L. oleum oil: cf. F. ol\'82ique.] (Physiol.Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, oil; as, oleic acid, an acid of the acrylic acid series found combined with glyceryl in the form of olein in certain animal and vegetable fats and oils, such as sperm oil, olive oil, etc. At low temperatures the acid is crystalline, but melts to an oily liquid above 14 Oleiferous O`le*if`er*ous (?), a. [L. oleum oil + -ferous: cf.F. ol\'82if\'82re.] Producing oil; as, oleiferous seeds. Olein O"le*in (?), n. [L. oleum oil: cf. F. ol\'82ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A fat, liquid at ordinary temperatures, but solidifying at temperatures below 0\'f8 C., found abundantly in both the animal and vegetable kingdoms (see Palmitin). It dissolves solid fats, especially at 30-40\'f8 C. Chemically, olein is a glyceride of oleic acid; and, as three molecules of the acid are united to one molecule of glyceryl to form the fat, it is technically known as triolein. It is also called elain. Olent O"lent (?), a. [L. olens, p.pr. of olere to smell.] Scented. [R.] R. Browning. Oleograph O`le*o*graph (?), n. [L. oleum oil + -graph.] 1. (Chem.) The form or figure assumed by a drop of oil when placed upon water or some other liquid with which it does not mix. 2. (Painting) A picture produced in oils by a process analogous to that of lithographic printing. Oleomargarine O`le*o*mar"ga*rine (?), n. [L. oleum oil + E. margarine, margarin.] [Written also oleomargarin.] 1. A liquid oil made from animal fats (esp. beef fat) by separating the greater portion of the solid fat or stearin, by crystallization. It is mainly a mixture of olein and palmitin with some little stearin. 2. An artificial butter made by churning this oil with more or less milk. NOTE: &hand; Ol eomargarine was wrongly so named, as it contains no margarin proper, but olein, palmitin, and stearin, a mixture of palmitin and stearin having formerly been called margarin by mistake. Oleometer O`le*om`e*ter (?), n. [L. oleum oil + -meter.] (Chem.) An instrument for ascertaining the weight and purity of oil; an elaiometer. Oleone O"le*one (?), n. [L. oleum + -one, 1.] (Chem.) An oily liquid, obtained by distillation of calcium oleate, and probably consisting of the ketone of oleic acid. Oleoptene O`le*op"tene (?), n. [L. oleum oil + Cr. (Chem.) See Eleoptene. [R.] Oleoresin O`le*o*res"in (?), n. [L.oleum oil + E. resin.] 1. (Chem.) A natural mixture of a terebinthinate oil and a resin. 2. (Med.) A liquid or semiliquid preparation extracted (as from capsicum, cubebs, or ginger) by means of ether, and consisting of fixed or volatile oil holding resin in solution. -- O`le*o*res"in*ous (#), a. Oleose, Oleous O"le*ose` (?), O"le*ous (?), a. [L. oleosus, fr. oleum oil.] Oily. [R.] Ray. Floyer. Oleosity O`le*os"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being oily or fat; fatness. [R.] B. Jonson. Oleraceous Ol`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. oleraceus, from olus, oleris, garden or pot herbs, vegetables.] Pertaining to pot herbs; of the nature or having the qualities of herbs for cookery; esculent. Sir T. Browne. Olf Olf (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European bullfinch. [Prov.Eng.] Olfaction Ol*fac"tion (?), n. [See Olfactory.] (Physiol.) The sense by which the impressions made on the olfactory organs by the odorous particles in the atmosphere are perceived. Olfactive Ol*fac"tive (?), a. See Olfactory, a. Olfactor Ol*fac"tor (?), n. A smelling organ; a nose. [R.] Olfactory Ol*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. olfactus, p.p. of olfacere to smell; olere to have a smell + facere to make. See Odor, and Fact.] (Physiol.) Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the sense of smell; as, the olfactory nerves; the olfactory cells. Olfactory organ (Anat.), an organ for smelling. In vertebrates the olfactory organs are more or less complicated sacs, situated in the front part of the head and lined with epithelium innervated by the olfactory (or first cranial) nerves, and sensitive to odoriferous particles conveyed to it in the air or in water. Olfactory Ol*fac"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Olfactories (. An olfactory organ; also, the sense of smell; -- usually in the plural. Oliban Ol"i*ban (?), n. (Chem.) See Olibanum. Olibanum O*lib"a*num (?), n. [LL., fr. Ar. al-luban frankincense; cf.Gr. The fragrant gum resin of various species of Boswellia; Oriental frankincense. Olibene Ol"i*bene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless mobile liquid of a pleasant aromatic odor obtained by the distillation of olibanum, or frankincense, and regarded as a terpene; -- called also conimene. Olid, Olidous Ol"id (?), Ol"i*dous (?), a. [L. olidus, fr. olere to smell.] Having a strong, disagreeable smell; fetid. [Obs.] Boyle. Sir T. Browne. Olifant Ol"i*fant (?), n. [OF.] 1. An elephant. [Obs.] 2. An ancient horn, made of ivory. Oligandrous Ol`i*gan"drous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having few stamens. Oliganthous Ol`i*gan"thous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having few flowers. Oligarch Ol`i*garch (?), n. A member of an oligarchy; one of the rulers in an oligarchical government. Oligarchal Ol`i*gar"chal (?), a. Oligarchic. Glover. Oligarchic, Oligarchical Ol`i*gar"chic (?), Ol`i*gar"chic*al, a. [Gr. oligarchique. See Oligarchy.] Of or pertaining to oligarchy, or government by a few. "Oligarchical exiles." Jowett (Thucyd. ). Oligarchist Ol"i*gar`chist (?), n. An advocate or supporter of oligarchy. Oligarchy Ol"i*gar"chy (?), n.; pl. Oligarchies (#). [Gr. oligarchie.] A form of government in which the supreme power is placed in the hands of a few persons; also, those who form the ruling few. All oligarchies, wherein a few men domineer, do what they list. Burton. Oligist Ol"i*gist (?), n. [See Oligist, a.] (Min.) Hematite or specular iron ore; -- prob. so called in allusion to its feeble magnetism, as compared with magnetite. Oligist, Oligistic Ol"i*gist (?), Ol`i*gis"tic (?), a. [Gr. oligiste.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to hematite. Oligo- Ol"i*go- (?). A combining form from Gr. few, little, small. Oligocene Ol"i*go*cene (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Geol.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, certain strata which occupy an intermediate position between the Eocene and Miocene periods. -- n. The Oligocene period. See the Chart of Geology. Oligoch\'91ta Ol`i*go*ch\'91"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of Annelida which includes the earthworms and related species. Oligochete Ol"i*go*chete (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Oligoch\'91ta. Oligoclase Ol"i*go*clase (?), n. [Oligo- + Gr. (Min.) A triclinic soda-lime feldspar. See Feldspar. Oligomerous Ol`i*gom"er*ous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having few members in each set of organs; as, an oligomerous flower. Oligomyold Ol`i*go"my*old (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. -oid.] (Anat.) Having few or imperfect syringeal muscles; -- said of some passerine birds (Oligomyodi). Oligopetalous Ol`i*go*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Oligo- + petal.] (Bot.) Having few petals. Oligosepalous Ol`i*go*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Oligo- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having few sepals. Oligosiderite Ol`i*go*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Oligo- + siderite.] (Min.) A meteorite characterized by the presence of but a small amount of metallic iron. Oligospermous Ol`i*go*sper"mous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having few seeds. Oligotokous Ol`i*got"o*kous (?), a. [Oligo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Producing few young. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1001 Olio O"li*o (?), n. [Sp. olla a round earthen pot, a dish of boiled or stewed meat, fr. L. olla a pot, dish. Cf. Olla, Olla-podrida.] 1. A dish of stewed meat of different kinds. [Obs.] Besides a good olio, the dishes were trifling. Evelyn. 2. A mixture; a medley. Dryden. 3. (Mus.) A collection of miscellaneous pieces. Olitory Ol"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. olitorius belonging to a kitchen gardener, or to vegetables, fr. olitor a kitchen gardener, fr. olus, oleris, vegetables.] Of or pertaining to, or produced in, a kitchen garden; used for kitchen purposes; as, olitory seeds. At convenient distance towards the olitory garden. Evelyn. Oliva O*li"va (?), n. [L. an olive.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of polished marine gastropod shells, chiefly tropical, and often beautifully colored. Olivaceous Ol`i*va"ceous (?), a. [L. oliva olive.] Resembling the olive; of the color of the olive; olive-green. Olivary Ol"i*va*ry (?), a. [L. olivarius belonging to olives, fr. oliva an olive: cf. F. olivaire.] (Anat.) Like an olive. Olivary body (Anat.), an oval prominence on each side of the medulla oblongata; -- called also olive. Olivaster Ol`i*vas"ter (?), a. [L. oliva olive: cf.F. oliv\'83tre.] Of the color of the olive; tawny. Sir T. Herbert. Olive Ol"ive (?), n. [F., fr. L. oliva, akin to Gr. Oil.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A tree (Olea Europ\'91a) with small oblong or elliptical leaves, axillary clusters of flowers, and oval, one-seeded drupes. The tree has been cultivated for its fruit for thousands of years, and its branches are the emblems of peace. The wood is yellowish brown and beautifully variegated. (b) The fruit of the olive. It has been much improved by cultivation, and is used for making pickles. Olive oil is pressed from its flesh. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any shell of the genus Oliva and allied genera; -- so called from the form. See Oliva. (b) The oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.] 3. (a) The color of the olive, a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green. (b) One of the tertiary colors, composed of violet and green mixed in equal strength and proportion. 4. (Anat.) An olivary body. See under Olivary. 5. (Cookery) A small slice of meat seasoned, rolled up, and cooked; as, olives of beef or veal. NOTE: &hand; Ol ive is so metimes us ed ad jectively an d in th e formation of self-explaining compounds; as, olive brown, olive green, olive-colored, olive-skinned, olive crown, olive garden, olive tree, olive yard, etc. Bohemian olive (Bot.), a species of El\'91agnus (E. angustifolia), the flowers of which are sometimes used in Southern Europe as a remedy for fevers. -- Olive branch. (a) A branch of the olive tree, considered an emblem of peace. (b) Fig.: A child. -- Olive brown, brown with a tinge of green. -- Olive green, a dark brownish green, like the color of the olive. -- Olive oil, an oil expressed from the ripe fruit of the olive, and much used as a salad oil, also in medicine and the arts. -- Olive ore (Min.), olivenite. -- Wild olive (Bot.), a name given to the oleaster or wild stock of the olive; also variously to several trees more or less resembling the olive. Olive Ol"ive, a. Approaching the color of the olive; of a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green. Olived Ol"ived (?), a. Decorated or furnished with olive trees. [R.] T. Warton. Olivenite O*liv"en*ite (?), n. (Min.) An olive-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of copper; olive ore. Oliver Ol"i*ver (?), n. 1. [OF. oliviere.] An olive grove. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. [F. olivier.] An olive tree. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oliver Ol"i*ver, n. A small tilt hammer, worked by the foot. Oliverian Ol`i*ve"ri*an (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) An adherent of Oliver Cromwell. Macaulay. Olivewood Ol`ive*wood" (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The wood of the olive. (b) An Australian name given to the hard white wood of certain trees of the genus El\'91odendron, and also to the trees themselves. Olivil Ol`i*vil (?), n. [Cf. F. olivile.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, obtained from an exudation from the olive, and having a bitter-sweet taste and acid proporties. [Written also olivile.] Gregory. Olivin Ol"i*vin (?), n. (Chem.) A complex bitter gum, found on the leaves of the olive tree; -- called also olivite. Olivine Ol"i*vine (?), n. [Cf. F. olivine.] (Min.) A common name of the yellowish green mineral chrysolite, esp. the variety found in eruptive rocks. Olivite Ol"i*vite (?), n. (Chem.) See Olivin. Olla Ol"la (?), n. [See Olio.] 1. A pot or jar having a wide mouth; a cinerary urn, especially one of baked clay. 2. A dish of stewed meat; an olio; an olla-podrida. Olla-podrida Ol`la-po*dri"da (?), n. [Sp., lit., a rotten pot. See Olio.] 1. A favorite Spanish dish, consisting of a mixture of several kinds of meat chopped fine, and stewed with vegetables. 2. Any incongruous mixture or miscellaneous collection; an olio. B. Jonson. Ology Ol"o*gy (?), n. [See -logy.] A colloquial or humorous name for any science or branch of knowledge. He had a smattering of mechanics, of physiology, geology, mineralogy, and all other ologies whatsoever. De Quincey. Olpe Ol"pe (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Originally, a leather flask or vessel for oils or liquids; afterward, an earthenware vase or pitcher without a spout. Olusatrum O*lu"sa*trum (?), n. [L. holusatrum, olusatrum; olus garden herb + ater black.] (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant, the common Alexanders of Western Europe (Smyrnium Olusatrum). Olympiad O*lym"pi*ad (?), n. [L. olympias, -adis, Gr. olympiade.] (Greek Antig.) A period of four years, by which the ancient Greeks reckoned time, being the interval from one celebration of the Olympic games to another, beginning with the victory of Cor&oe;bus in the foot race, which took place in the year 776 b.c.; as, the era of the olympiads. Olympian, Olympic O*lym"pi*an (?), O*lym"pic (?), a. [L. Olympius, Olympicus, Gr. olympique. See Olympiad.] Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods, or to Olympia, a small plain in Elis. Olympic games, OR Olympics (Greek Antiq.), the greatest of the national festivals of the ancient Greeks, consisting of athletic games and races, dedicated to Olympian Zeus, celebrated once in four years at Olympia, and continuing five days. Olympionic O*lym`pi*on"ic (?), n. [Gr. An ode in honor of a victor in the Olympic games. [R.] Johnson. -oma -o"ma (?). [Gr. A suffix used in medical terms to denote a morbid condition of some part, usually some kind of tumor; as in fibroma, glaucoma. Omagra Om"a*gra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Gout in the shoulder. Omahas O"ma*has" (?), n. pl.; sing. Omaha (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who inhabited the south side of the Missouri River. They are now partly civilized and occupy a reservation in Nebraska. Omander wood O*man"der wood` (?). [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) The wood of Diospyros ebenaster, a kind of ebony found in Ceylon. Omasum O*ma"sum (?), n. [L.] (Anat.) The third division of the stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies, and Illust. under Ruminant. Omber, Ombre Om"ber, Om"bre (?), n. [F. hombre, fr. Sp. hombre, lit., a man, fr. L. homo. See Human.] A game at cards, borrowed from the Spaniards, and usually played by three persons. Pope. When ombre calls, his hand and heart are free, And, joined to two, he fails not to make three. Young. Ombre Om"bre, n. [F., of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Mediterranean food fish (Umbrina cirrhosa): -- called also umbra, and umbrine. Ombrometer Om*brom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. ombrom\'82tre.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for measuring the rain that falls; a rain gauge. Omega O*me"ga (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Mickle.] 1. The last letter of the Greek alphabet. See Alpha. 2. The last; the end; hence, death. "Omega! thou art Lord," they said. Tennyson. Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending; hence, the chief, the whole. Rev. i. 8. The alpha and omega of science. Sir J. Herschel. Omegoid O*me"goid (?), a. [Omega + -oid.] Having the form of the Greek capital letter Omega (). Omelet Om"e*let (?), n. [F. omelette, OF. amelette, alumete, alumelle, perh. fr. L. lamella. Cf. Lamella.] Eggs beaten up with a little flour, etc., and cooked in a frying pan; as, a plain omelet. Omen O"men (?), n. [L. omen, the original form being osmen, according to Varro.] An occurrence supposed to portend, or show the character of, some future event; any indication or action regarded as a foreshowing; a foreboding; a presage; an augury. Bid go with evil omen, and the brand Of infamy upon my name. Milton. Omen O"men, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Omened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Omening.] To divine or to foreshow by signs or portents; to have omens or premonitions regarding; to predict; to augur; as, to omen ill of an enterprise. The yet unknown verdict, of which, however, all omened the tragical contents. Sir W. Scott. Omened O"mened (?), a. Attended by, or containing, an omen or omens; as, happy-omened day. Omental O*men"tal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to an omentum or the omenta. Omentum O*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Omenta (#). [L.] (Anat.) A free fold of the peritoneum, or one serving to connect viscera, support blood vessels, etc.; an epiplo\'94n. NOTE: &hand; Th e gr eat, or ga strocolic, om entum forms, in most mammals, a great sac, which is attached to the stomach and transverse colon, is loaded with fat, and covers more or less of the intestines; the caul. The lesser, or gastrohepatic, omentum connects the stomach and liver and contains the hepatic vessels. The gastrosplenic omentum, or ligament, connects the stomach and spleen. Omer O"mer (?), n. [Cf. Homer.] A Hebrew measure, the tenth of an ephah. See Ephah. Ex. xvi. 36. Omiletical Om`i*let"ic*al (?), a. Homiletical. [Obs.] Ominate Om"i*nate (?), v. t. & i. [L. ominatus, p.p. of ominari to presage, fr. omen.] To presage; to foreshow; to foretoken. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Omination Om`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. ominatio.] The act of ominating; presaging. [Obs.] Fuller. Ominous Om"i*nous (?), a. [L. ominosus, fr. omen. See Omen.] Of or pertaining to an omen or to omens; being or exhibiting an omen; significant; portentous; -- formerly used both in a favorable and unfavorable sense; now chiefly in the latter; foreboding or foreshowing evil; inauspicious; as, an ominous dread. He had a good ominous name to have made a peace. Bacon. In the heathen worship of God, a sacrifice without a heart was accounted ominous. South. -- Om"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Om"i*nous*ness, n. Omissible O*mis"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being omitted; that may be omitted. Omission O*mis"sion (?), n. [L. omissio: cf. F. omission. See Omit.] 1. The act of omitting; neglect or failure to do something required by propriety or duty. The most natural division of all offenses is into those of omission and those of commission. Addison. 2. That which is omitted or is left undone. Omissive O*mis"sive (?), a. [See Omit.] Leaving out; omitting. Bp. Hall. -- O*mis"sive*ly, adv. Omit O*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Omitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Omitting.] [L. omittere, omissum; ob (see Ob- + mittere to cause to go, let go, send. See Mission.] 1. To let go; to leave unmentioned; not to insert or name; to drop. These personal comparisons I omit. Bacon. 2. To pass by; to forbear or fail to perform or to make use of; to leave undone; to neglect. Her father omitted nothing in her education that might make her the most accomplished woman of her age. Addison. Omittance O*mit"tance (?), n. The act of omitting, or the state of being omitted; forbearance; neglect. Shak. Omitter O*mit"ter (?), n. One who omits. Fuller. Ommateal Om`ma*te"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an ommateum. Ommateum Om`ma*te"um (?), n.; pl. Ommatea (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A compound eye, as of insects and crustaceans. Ommatidium Om`ma*tid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Ommatidia (#). [NL., dim. of Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the single eyes forming the compound eyes of crustaceans, insects, and other invertebrates. Omni- Om"ni- (?). [L. omnis all.] A combining form denoting all, every, everywhere; as in omnipotent, all-powerful; omnipresent. Omnibus Om"ni*bus (?), n. [L., for all, dat. pl. from omnis all. Cf. Bus.] 1. A long four-wheeled carriage, having seats for many people; especially, one with seats running lengthwise, used in conveying passengers short distances. 2. (Glass Making) A sheet-iron cover for articles in a leer or annealing arch, to protect them from drafts. Omnibus bill, a legislative bill which provides for a number of miscellaneous enactments or appropriations. [Parliamentary Cant, U.S.] -- Omnibus box, a large box in a theater, on a level with the stage and having communication with it. [Eng.] Thackeray. Omnicorporeal Om`ni*cor*po"re*al (?), a. [Omni- + corporeal.] Comprehending or including all bodies; embracing all substance. [R.] Cudworth. Omniety Om*ni"e*ty (?), n. That which is all-pervading or all-comprehensive; hence, the Deity. [R.] Omniety formed nullity into an essence. Sir T. Browne. Omnifarious Om`ni*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. omnifarius; omnis all + -farius. Cf. Bifarious.] Of all varieties, forms, or kinds. "Omnifarious learning." Coleridge. Omniferous Om*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. omnifer; omnis all + ferre to bear.] All-bearing; producing all kinds. Omnific Om*nif"ic (?), a. [Omni- + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make.] All-creating. "The omnific word." Milton. Omniform Om"ni*form (?), a. [L. omniformis; omnis all + forma form: cf. F. omniforme.] Having every form or shape. Berkeley. Omniformity Om`ni*for"mi*ty (?), n. The condition or quality of having every form. Dr. H. More. Omnify Om"ni*fy (?), v. t. [Omni- + -fy.] To render universal; to enlarge. [R.] Omnify the disputed point into a transcendent, and you may defy the opponent to lay hold of it. Coleridge. Omnigenous Om*nig"e*nous (?), a. [L. omniqenus; omnis all + genus kind.] Consisting of all kinds. [R.] Omnigraph Om"ni*graph (?), n. [Omni- + -graph.] A pantograph. [R.] Omniparient Om`ni*pa"ri*ent (?), a. [L. omniparens all-producing; omnis all + parere to bring forth.] Producing or bringing forth all things; all-producing. [R.] Omniparity Om`ni*par"i*ty (?), n. [Omni- + -parity.] Equality in every part; general equality. Omniparous Om*nip"a*rous (?), a. [See Omniparient.] Producing all things; omniparient. Omnipatient Om`ni*pa"tient (?), a. [Omni- + patient.] Capable of enduring all things. [R.] Carlyle. Omnipercipience, Omnipercipiency Om`ni*per*cip"i*ence (?), Om`ni*per*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. Perception of everything. Omnipercipient Om`ni*per*cip"i*ent (?), a. [Omni- + percipient.] Perceiving everything. Dr. H. More. Omnipotence, Omnipotency Om*nip"o*tence (?), Om*nip"o*ten*cy (?), n. [L. omnipotentia: cf.F. omnipotence.] 1. The state of being omnipotent; almighty power; hence, one who is omnipotent; the Deity. Will Omnipotence neglect to save The suffering virtue of the wise and brave? Pope. 2. Unlimited power of a particular kind; as, love's omnipotence. Denham. Omnipotent Om*nip"o*tent (?), a. [F., fr.L. omnipotens, -entis; omnis all + potens powerful, potent. See Potent.] 1. Able in every respect and for every work; unlimited in ability; all-powerful; almighty; as, the Being that can create worlds must be omnipotent. God's will and pleasure and his omnipotent power. Sir T. More. 2. Having unlimited power of a particular kind; as, omnipotent love. Shak. The Omnipotent, The Almighty; God. Milton. Omnipotently Om*nip"o*tent*ly, adv. In an omnipotent manner. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1002 Omnipresence Om`ni*pres"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. omnipr\'82sence.] Presence in every place at the same time; unbounded or universal presence; ubiquity. His omnipresence fills Land, sea, and air, and every kind that lives. Milton. Omnipresency Om`ni*pres"en*cy (?), n. Omnipresence. [Obs.] Omnipresent Om`ni*pres"ent (?), a. [Omni- + present: cf.F. omnipr\'82sent.] Present in all places at the same time; ubiquitous; as, the omnipresent Jehovah. Prior. Omnipresential Om`ni*pre*sen"tial (?), a. Implying universal presence. [R.] South. Omniprevalent Om`ni*prev"a*lent (?), a. [Omni- + prevalent.] Prevalent everywhere or in all things. Fuller. Omniscience Om*nis"cience (?), n. [Cf. F. omniscience.] The quality or state of being omniscient; -- an attribute peculiar to God. Dryden. Omnisciency Om*nis"cien*cy (?), n. Omniscience. Omniscient Om*nis"cient (?), a. [Omni- + L. sciens, -entis, p. pr. of scire to know: cf. F. omniscient. See Science.] Having universal knowledge; knowing all things; infinitely knowing or wise; as, the omniscient God. -- Om*nis"cient*ly, adv. For what can scape the eye Of God all-seeing, or deceive his heart Omniscient? Milton. Omniscious Om*nis"cious (?), a. [L. omniscius. See Omniscient.] All-knowing. [Obs.] Hakewill. Omnispective Om`ni*spec"tive (?), a. [Omni- + L. spectus, p.p. of specere, spicere, to view.] Beholding everything; capable of seeing all things; all-seeing. [R.] "Omnispective Power!" Boyse. Omnium Om"ni*um (?), n. [L., of all, gen. pl. of omnis all.] (Eng.Stock Exchange) The aggregate value of the different stocks in which a loan to government is now usually funded. M'Culloch. Omnium-gatherum Om`ni*um-gath"er*um (?), n. [A macaronic compound of L. omnium, gen.pl. of omnis all, and E. gather.] A miscellaneous collection of things or persons; a confused mixture; a medley. [Colloq. & Humorous] Selden. Omnivagant Om*niv"a*gant (?), a. [Omni + L. vagans, p.pr. of vagari to wander.] Wandering anywhere and everywhere. [R.] Omnivora Om*niv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Omnivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of ungulate mammals including the hog and the hippopotamus. The term is also sometimes applied to the bears, and to certain passerine birds. Omnivorous Om*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. omnivorus; omnis all + vorate to eat greedily. See Voracious.] All-devouring; eating everything indiscriminately; as, omnivorous vanity; esp. (Zo\'94l.), eating both animal and vegetable food. -- Om*niv"o*rous*ness, n. Omo- O"mo- (?). [Gr. A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the shoulder or the scapula. Omohyoid O`mo*hy"oid (?), a. [Omo- + hyoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the shoulder and the hyoid bone; as, the omohyoid muscle. Omophagic O"mo*phag"ic (?), a. [Gr. Eating raw flesh; using uncooked meat as food; as, omophagic feasts, rites. Omoplate Om"o*plate (?), n. [F., from Gr. Omo-, and Plate.] (Anat.) The shoulder blade, or scapula. Omostegite O*mos"te*gite (?), n. [Omo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The part of the carapace of a crustacean situated behind the cervical groove. Omosternal O`mo*ster"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the omosternum. Omosternum O`mo*ster"num (?), n. [Omo- + sternum.] (Anat.) (a) The anterior element of the sternum which projects forward from between the clavicles in many batrachians and is usually tipped with cartilage. (b) In many mammals, an interarticular cartilage, or bone, between the sternum and the clavicle. Omphacine Om"pha*cine (?), a. [Gr. omphacin.] Of, pertaining to, or expressed from, unripe fruit; as, omphacine oil. Omphalic Om*phal"ic, a. [Gr. Navel.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the umbilicus, or navel. Omphalo- Om"pha*lo- (?). [Gr. A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to, the umbilicus, or navel. Omphalocele Om"pha*lo*cele` (?), n. [Gr. omphaloc\'82le.] (Med.) A hernia at the navel. Omphalode Om"pha*lode (?), n. [Omphalo- + Gr. (Bot.) The central part of the hilum of a seed, through which the nutrient vessels pass into the rhaphe or the chalaza; -- called also omphalodium. Omphalomancy Om"pha*lo*man"cy (?), n. [Omphalo- + -mancy.] Divination by means of a child's navel, to learn how many children the mother may have. Crabb. Omphalomesaraic Om`pha*lo*mes`a*ra"ic (?), a. [Omphalo- + mesaraic.] (Anat.) Omphalomesenteric. Omphalomesenteric Om`pha*lo*mes`en*ter"ic (?), a. [Omphalo- + mesenteric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the umbilicus and mesentery; omphalomesaraic; as, the omphalomesenteric arteries and veins of a fetus. Omphalopsychite Om`pha*lop"sy*chite (?), n. [Omphalo- + Gr. omphalopsyque.] (Eccl.Hist.) A name of the Hesychasts, from their habit of gazing upon the navel. Omphalopter, Omphaloptic Om`pha*lop"ter (?), Om`pha*lop"tic (?), n. [Gr. omphaloptre.] An optical glass that is convex on both sides. [Obs.] Hutton. Omphalos Om"pha*los (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The navel. Omphalotomy Om`pha*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. omphalotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of dividing the navel-string. Omy O"my (?), a. Mellow, as land. [Prov.Eng.] Ray. On On (?), prep. [OE. on, an, o, a, AS. on, an; akin to D. aan, OS. & G. an, OHG. ana, Icel. \'be, Sw. ana, Russ. na, L. an-, in anhelare to pant, Gr. ana. &root;195. Cf. A-, 1, Ana-, Anon.] The general signification of on is situation, motion, or condition with respect to contact or support beneath; as: -- 1. At, or in contact with, the surface or upper part of a thing, and supported by it; placed or lying in contact with the surface; as, the book lies on the table, which stands on the floor of a house on an island. I stood on the bridge at midnight. Longfellow. 2. To or against the surface of; -- used to indicate the motion of a thing as coming or falling to the surface of another; as, rain falls on the earth. Whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken. Matt. xxi. 44. 3. Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with; as, to play on a violin or piano. Hence, figuratively, to work on one's feelings; to make an impression on the mind. 4. At or near; adjacent to; -- indicating situation, place, or position; as, on the one hand, on the other hand; the fleet is on the American coast. 5. In addition to; besides; -- indicating multiplication or succession in a series; as, heaps on heaps; mischief on mischief; loss on loss; thought on thought. Shak. 6. Indicating dependence or reliance; with confidence in; as, to depend on a person for assistance; to rely on; hence, indicating the ground or support of anything; as, he will promise on certain conditions; to bet on a horse. 7. At or in the time of; during; as, on Sunday we abstain from labor. See At (synonym). 8. At the time of, conveying some notion of cause or motive; as, on public occasions, the officers appear in full dress or uniform. Hence, in consequence of, or following; as, on the ratification of the treaty, the armies were disbanded. 9. Toward; for; -- indicating the object of some passion; as, have pity or compassion on him. 10. At the peril of, or for the safety of. "Hence, on thy life." Dryden. 11. By virtue of; with the pledge of; -- denoting a pledge or engagement, and put before the thing pledged; as, he affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honor. 12. To the account of; -- denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon; as, on us be all the blame; a curse on him. His blood be on us and on our children. Matt. xxvii. 25. 13. In reference or relation to; as, on our part expect punctuality; a satire on society. 14. Of. [Obs.] "Be not jealous on me." Shak. Or have we eaten on the insane root That takes the reason prisoner? Shak. NOTE: &hand; In stances of th is us age ar e co mmon in our older writers, and are sometimes now heard in illiterate speech. 15. Occupied with; in the performance of; as, only three officers are on duty; on a journey. 16. In the service of; connected with; of the number of; as, he is on a newspaper; on a committee. NOTE: &hand; On an d up on are in general interchangeable. In some applications upon is more euphonious, and is therefore to be preferred; but in most cases on is preferable. On a bowline. (Naut.) Same as Closehauled. -- On a wind, OR On the wind (Naut.), sailing closehauled. -- On a sudden. See under Sudden. -- On board, On draught, On fire, etc. See under Board, Draught, Fire, etc. -- On it, On't, of it. [Obs. or Colloq.] Shak. -- On shore, on land; to the shore. -- On the road, On the way, On the wing, etc. See under Road, Way, etc. -- On to, upon; on; to; -- sometimes written as one word, onto, and usually called a colloquialism; but it may be regarded in analogy with into. They have added the -en plural form on to an elder plural. Earle. We see the strength of the new movement in the new class of ecclesiastics whom it forced on to the stage. J. R. Green. On On, adv. [See On, prep.] 1. Forward, in progression; onward; -- usually with a verb of motion; as, move on; go on. "Time glides on." Macaulay. The path is smooth that leadeth on to danger. Shak. 2. Forward, in succession; as, from father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so on. 3. In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; as, sleep on, take your ease; say on; sing on. 4. Adhering; not off; as in the phrase, "He is neither on nor off," that is, he is not steady, he is irresolute. 5. Attached to the body, as clothing or ornament, or for use. "I have boots on." B. Gonson. He put on righteousness as a breastplate. Is. lix. 17. 6. In progress; proceeding; as, a game is on. NOTE: &hand; On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or a command to move or proceed, some verb being understood; as, on, comrades; that is, go on, move on. On and on, continuously; for a long time together. "Toiling on and on and on." Longfellow. Onager On"a*ger (?), n.; pl. L. Onagri (#), E. Onagers (#). [L. onager, onagrus, Gr. 1. (Rom.Antiq.) A military engine acting like a sling, which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket, and was operated by machinery. Fairholt. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A wild ass, especially the koulan. Onagga O*nag"ga (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dauw. Onagraceous, Onagrarieous On`a*gra"ceous (?), On`a*gra*ri"e*ous (?), a. [From NL. Onagra an old scientific name of the evening primrose (Enothera), fr. Gr. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Onagrace\'91 or Onagrarie\'91), which includes the fuchsia, the willow-herb (Epilobium), and the evening primrose (nothera). Onanism O"nan*ism (?), n. [Onan (Gen. xxxviii. 9): cf. F. onanisme.] Self-pollution; masturbation. Onappo O*nap"po (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A nocturnal South American monkey (Callithrix discolor), noted for its agility; -- called also ventriloquist monkey. Ince Ince (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ounce. Once Once (?), adv. [OE. ones, anes, an adverbial form fr. one, on, an, one. See One-, -Wards.] 1. By limitation to the number one; for one time; not twice nor any number of times more than one. Ye shall . . . go round about the city once. Josh. vi. 3. Trees that bear mast are fruitful but once in two years. Bacon. 2. At some one period of time; -- used indefinitely. My soul had once some foolish fondness for thee. Addison. That court which we shall once govern. Bp. Hall. 3. At any one time; -- often nearly equivalent to ever, if ever, or whenever; as, once kindled, it may not be quenched. Wilt thou not be made clean? When shall it once be? Jer. xiii. 27. To be once in doubt Is once to be resolved. Shak. NOTE: &hand; On ce is used as a noun when preceded by this or that; as, this once, that once. It is also sometimes used elliptically, like an adjective, for once-existing. "The once province of Britain." J. N. Pomeroy.. At once. (a) At the same point of time; immediately; without delay. "Stand not upon the order of your going, but go at once." Shak. "I . . . withdrew at once and altogether." Jeffrey. (b) At one and the same time; simultaneously; in one body; as, they all moved at once. -- Once and again, once and once more; repeatedly. "A dove sent forth once and again, to spy." Milton. Oncidium On*cid"i*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical orchidaceous plants, the flower of one species of which (O. Papilio) resembles a butterfly. Oncograph On"co*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the changes observable with an oncometer. Oncometer On*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the variations in size of the internal organs of the body, as the kidney, spleen, etc. Oncotomay On*cot"o*may (?), n. [Gr. oncotomie.] (Surg.) The opening of an abscess, or the removal of a tumor, with a cutting instrument. [Written also onkotomy.] Dunglison. Onde Onde (?), n. [AS. anda malice, anger; akin to Icel. andi, \'94nd, breath.] Hatred; fury; envy. [Obs.] On dit On` dit" (?). [F.] They say, or it is said. -- n. A flying report; rumor; as, it is a mere on dit. -one -one (?). [From Gr. -w`nh, signifying, female descendant.] (Chem.) A suffix indicating that the substance, in the name of which it appears, is a ketone; as, acetone. -one -one.(Chem.) A termination indicating that the hydrocarbon to the name of which it is affixed belongs to the fourth series of hydrocarbons, or the third series of unsaturated hydrocarbonsl as, nonone. One One (?), a. [OE. one, on, an, AS. \'84n; akin to D. een, OS. \'89n, OFries. \'89n, \'84n, G. ein, Dan. een, Sw. en, Icel. einn, Goth. ains, W. un, Ir. & Gael. aon, L. unus, earlier oinos, oenos, Gr. \'89ka. The same word as the indefinite article a, an. &root; 299. Cf. 2d A, 1st An, Alone, Anon, Any, None, Nonce, Only, Onion, Unit.] 1. Being a single unit, or entire being or thing, and no more; not multifold; single; individual. The dream of Pharaoh is one. Gen. xli. 25. O that we now had here But one ten thousand of those men in England. Shak. 2. Denoting a person or thing conceived or spoken of indefinitely; a certain. "I am the sister of one Claudio" [Shak.], that is, of a certain man named Claudio. 3. Pointing out a contrast, or denoting a particular thing or person different from some other specified; -- used as a correlative adjective, with or without the. From the one side of heaven unto the other. Deut. iv. 32. 4. Closely bound together; undivided; united; constituting a whole. The church is therefore one, though the members may be many. Bp. Pearson 5. Single in kind; the same; a common. One plague was on you all, and on your lords. 1 Sam. vi. 4. 6. Single; inmarried. [Obs.] Men may counsel a woman to be one. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; On e is of ten us ed in fo rming compound words, the meaning of which is obvious; as, one-armed, one-celled, one-eyed, one-handed, one-hearted, one-horned, one-idead, one-leaved, one-masted, one-ribbed, one-story, one-syllable, one-stringed, one-winged, etc. All one, of the same or equal nature, or consequence; as, he says that it is all one what course you take. Shak.<-- = all the same --> -- One day. (a) On a certain day, not definitely specified, referring to time past. One day when Phoebe fair, With all her band, was following the chase. Spenser. (b) Referring to future time: At some uncertain day or period; some day. Well, I will marry one day. Shak. One One, n. 1. A single unit; as, one is the base of all numbers. 2. A symbol representing a unit, as 1, or i. 3. A single person or thing. "The shining ones." Bunyan. "Hence, with your little ones." Shak. He will hate the one, and love the other. Matt. vi. 24. That we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory. Mark x. 37. After one, after one fashion; alike. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- At one, in agreement or concord. See At one, in the Vocab. -- Ever in one, continually; perpetually; always. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- In one, in union; in a single whole. -- One and one, One by one, singly; one at a time; one after another."Raising one by one the suppliant crew." Dryden. <-- one on one, (in a contest) contesting an opponent individually; go one on one, (in a game, esp. basketball) to contest one opponent by oneself. --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 1003 One One (?), indef. pron. Any person, indefinitely; a person or body; as, what one would have well done, one should do one's self. It was well worth one's while. Hawthorne. Against this sort of condemnation one must steel one's self as one best can. G. Eliot. NOTE: One is of ten used with some, any, no, each, every, such, a, many a, another, the other, etc. It is sometimes joined with another, to denote a reciprocal relation. When any one heareth the word. Matt. xiii. 19. She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia. Compton Reade. The Peloponnesians and the Athenians fought against one another. Jowett (Thucyd. ). The gentry received one another. Thackeray. One One, v. t. To cause to become one; to gather into a single whole; to unite; to assimilite. [Obs.] The rich folk that embraced and oned all their heart to treasure of the world. Chaucer. Oneberry One"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The herb Paris. See Herb Paris, under Herb. One-hand One"-hand` (?), a. Employing one hand; as, the one-hand alphabet. See Dactylology. One-horse One"-horse` (?), a. 1. Drawn by one horse; having but a single horse; as, a one-horse carriage. 2. Second-rate; inferior; small. [Slang, U.S.] Oneidas O*nei"das (?), n. pl.; sing. Oneida (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the region near Oneida Lake in the State of New York, and forming part of the Five Nations. Remnants of the tribe now live in New York, Canada, and Wisconsin. Oneirocritic O*nei`ro*crit`ic (?), n. [Cf.F. oneirocritique. See Oneirocritic, a.] An interpreter of dreams. Bp. Warburton. Addison. Oneirocritic, Oneirocritical O*nei`ro*crit`ic (?), O*nei`ro*crit`ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the interpretation of dreams. Addison. Oneirocriticism, Oneirocritics O*nei`ro*crit`i*cism (?), O*nei`ro*crit`ics (?), n. The art of interpreting dreams. Oneiromancy O*nei"ro*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by means of dreams. De Quincey. Oneiroscopist O`nei*ros"co*pist, n. One who interprets dreams. Oneiroscopy O`nei*ros"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] The interpretation of dreams. Oneliness One"li*ness (?), n. The state of being one or single. [Obs.] Cudworth. Onely One"ly (?), a. See Only. [Obs.] Spenser. Onement One"ment (?), n. The state of being at one or reconciled. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Oneness One"ness, n. The state of being one; singleness in number; individuality; unity. Our God is one, or rather very oneness. Hooker. Onerary On"er*a*ry (?), a. [L. onerarius, fr. onus, oneris, load, burden: cf.F. on\'82raire.] Fitted for, or carrying, a burden. Johnson. Onerate On"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Onerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Onerating.] [L. oneratus, p.p. pf onerare.] To load; to burden. [Obs.] Becon. Oneration On`er*a"tion (?), n. The act of loading. [Obs.] Onerous On"er*ous (?), a. [L. onerosus, fr. onus, oneris, a load, burden: cf.F. on\'82reux.] Burdensome; oppressive. "Too onerous a solicitude." I. Taylor. Onerous cause (Scots Law), a good and legal consideration; -- opposed to gratuitous. Onerously On"er*ous*ly, adv. In an onerous manner. Ones Ones (?), adv. Once. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oneself One`self" (?), pron. A reflexive form of the indefinite pronoun one. Commonly writen as two words, one's self. One's self (or more properly oneself), is quite a modern form. In Elizabethan English we find a man's self=one's self. Morris. One-sided One`-sid"ed (?), a. 1. Having one side only, or one side prominent; hence, limited to one side; partial; unjust; unfair; as, a one-sided view or statement. "Unguarded and one-sided language." T. Arnold. 2. (Bot.) Growing on one side of a stem; as, one-sided flowers. -- One`-sid"ed-ly, adv. -- One`-sid"ed*ness, n. Onethe On*ethe" (?), adv. Scarcely. See Unnethe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ongoing On"go`ing (?), n. The act of going forward; progress; (pl.) affairs; business; current events. The common ongoings of this our commonplace world, and everyday life. Prof. Wilson. Onguent On"guent (?), n. [F.] An unguent. On-hanger On"-hang`er (?), n. A hanger-on. Onion On"ion (?), n. [F. ognon, fr. L. unio oneness, unity, a single large pearl, an onion. See One, Union.] (Bot.) A liliaceous plant of the genus Allium (A.cepa), having a strong-flavored bulb and long hollow leaves; also, its bulbous root, much used as an article of food. The name is often extended to other species of the genus. Onion fish (Zo\'94l.), the grenadier. -- Onion fly (Zo\'94l.) a dipterous insect whose larva feeds upon the onion; especially, Anthomyia ceparum and Ortalis flexa. -- Welsh onion. (Bot.) See Cibol. -- Wild onion (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus Allium. Onirocritic O*ni`ro*crit`ic (?), a. See Oneirocritic. Onliness On"li*ness (?), n. The state of being alone. [Obs.] Onloft On*loft" (?), adv. Aloft; above ground. [Obs.] She kept her father's life onloft. Chaucer. On-looker On"-look`er (?), n. A looker-on. On-looking On"-look`ing, a. Looking on or forward. Only On"ly (?), a. [OE. only, anly, onlich, AS. \'benlic, i.e., onelike. See One, and Like, a.] 1. One alone; single; as, the only man present; his only occupation. 2. Alone in its class; by itself; not associated with others of the same class or kind; as, an only child. 3. Hence, figuratively: Alone, by reason of superiority; pre\'89minent; chief. "Motley's the only wear." Shak. Only On"ly (?), adv. [See Only, a.] 1. In one manner or degree; for one purpose alone; simply; merely; barely. And to be loved himself, needs only to be known. Dryden. 2. So and no otherwise; no other than; exclusively; solely; wholly. "She being only wicked." Beau. & Fl. Every imagination . . . of his heart was only evil. Gen. vi. 5. 3. Singly; without more; as, only-begotten. 4. Above all others; particularly. [Obs.] His most only elected mistress. Marston. Only On"ly, conj. Save or except (that); -- an adversative used elliptically with or without that, and properly introducing a single fact or consideration. He might have seemed some secretary or clerk . . . only that his low, flat, unadorned cap . . . indicated that he belonged to the city. Sir W. Scott. Onocerin On`o*ce"rin (?), n. [NL. Ononis, the generic name of the plant + L. cera wax.] (Chem.) A white crystalline waxy substance extracted from the root of the leguminous plant Ononis spinosa. Onology O*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] Foolish discourse. [R.] Onomancy On"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy. Cf. Nomancy.] Divination by the letters of a name; nomancy. [R.] Camden. Onomantic, Onomantical On`o*man"tic (?), On`o*man"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to onomancy. [R.] Onomastic On`o*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Law) Applied to a signature when the body of the instrument is in another's handwriting. Burrill. Onomasticon On`o*mas"ti*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Onomastic.] A collection of names and terms; a dictionary; specif., a collection of Greek names, with explanatory notes, made by Julius Pollux about A.D.180. Onomatechny On"o*ma*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. Prognostication by the letters of a name. Onomatologist On`o*ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in the history of names. Southey. Onomatology On`o*ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of names or of their classification. Onomatope O*nom"a*tope (?), n. [See Onomatop\'d2ia.] An imitative word; an onomatopoetic word. Onomatop\'d2ia On`o*mat`o*p\'d2"ia (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Philol.) The formation of words in imitation of sounds; a figure of speech in which the sound of a word is imitative of the sound of the thing which the word represents; as, the buzz of bees; the hiss of a goose; the crackle of fire. NOTE: &hand; It ha s be en maintained by some philologist that all primary words, especially names, were formed by imitation of natural sounds. Onomatop\'d2ic On`o*mat`o*p\'d2"ic (?), a. Onomatopoetic. Whitney. Onomatopoetic On`o*mat`o*po*et"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to onomatop\'d2ia; characterized by onomatop\'d2ia; imitative; as, an onomatopoetic writer or word. Earle. Onomatopy On`o*mat"o*py (?), n. Onomatop\'d2ia. Onomomancy O*nom"o*man`cy (?), n. See Onomancy. Onondagas On`on*da"gas (?), n. pl.; sing. Onondaga (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting what is now a part of the State of New York. They were the central or head tribe of the Five Nations. Onrush On"rush` (?), n. A rushing onward. Onset On"set` (?), n. [On + set.] 1. A rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army. Milton. The onset and retire Of both your armies. Shak. Who on that day the word of onset gave. Wordsworth. 2. A setting about; a beginning. [Obs.] Shak. There is surely no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things. Bacon. 3. Anything set on, or added, as an ornament or as a useful appendage. [Obs.] Johnson. Onset On"set`, v. t. 1. To assault; to set upon. [Obs.] 2. To set about; to begin. [Obs.] Carew. Onslaught On"slaught` (?), n. [OE. on on + slaught, slaht, slaughter. See Slaughter.] 1. An attack; an onset; esp., a furious or murderous attack or assault. By storm and onslaught to proceed. Hudibras. 2. A bloody fray or battle. [Scot.] Jamieson. Onstead On"stead (?), n. [Possibly a corruption of homestead.] A single farmhouse; a steading. [Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Grose. Jamieson. Onto On"to (?), prep. [On + to. Cf. Into.] On the top of; upon; on. See On to, under On, prep. Ontogenesis, Ontogeny On`to*gen"e*sis (?), On*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See Ontology, and Genesis.] (Biol.) The history of the individual development of an organism; the history of the evolution of the germ; the development of an individual organism, -- in distinction from phylogeny, or evolution of the tribe. Called also henogenesis, henogeny. Ontogenetic On`to*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to ontogenesis; as, ontogenetic phenomena. -- On`to*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Ontogenic On`to*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Ontogenetic. Ontologic On`to*log"ic (?), a. Ontological. Ontological On`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ontologique.] Of or pertaining to ontology. Ontologically On`*to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ontological manner. Ontologist On*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf.F. ontologiste.] One who is versed in or treats of ontology. Edin. Rev. Ontology On*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf.F. ontologie.] That department of the science of metaphysics which investigates and explains the nature and essential properties and relations of all beings, as such, or the principles and causes of being. Onus O"nus (?), n. [L.] A burden; an obligation. Onus probandi ( [L.], obligation to furnish evidence to prove a thing; the burden of proof. Onward On"ward (?), a. 1. Moving in a forward direction; tending toward a contemplated or desirable end; forward; as, an onward course, progress, etc. 2. Advanced in a forward direction or toward an end. Within a while, Philoxenus came to see how onward the fruits were of his friend's labor. Sir P. Sidney. Onward On"ward, adv. Toward a point before or in front; forward; progressively; as, to move onward. Not one looks backward, onward still he goes. Pope. Onwardness On"ward*ness, n. Progress; advancement. Onwards On"wards (?), adv. [See -wards.] Onward. Ony On"y (?), a. Any. [Obs.] Chaucer. Onycha On"y*cha (?), n. [NL., from L. onyx, -ychis, onyx, also, a kind of mussel, Gr. Onyx.] 1. An ingredient of the Mosaic incense, probably the operculum of some kind of strombus. Ex. xxx. 34. 2. The precious stone called onyx. [R.] Onychia O*nych"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Onyx.] (Med.) (a) A whitlow. (b) An affection of a finger or toe, attended with ulceration at the base of the nail, and terminating in the destruction of the nail. Onychomancy On"y*cho*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. onychomancie.] Divination by the nails. Onychophora On`y*choph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Malacopoda. Onyx O"nyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Nail, and cf. Onycha.] (Min.) Chalcedony in parallel layers of different shades of color. It is used for making cameos, the figure being cut in one layer with the next as a ground. Onyx marble, a banded variety of marble or calcium carbonate resembling onyx. It is obtained from Mexico. Oo Oo, a. One. [Obs.] Chaucer. O\'94 O"\'94 (?), n. [Hawaiian.] (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful bird (Moho nobilis) of the Hawaiian Islands. It yields the brilliant yellow feathers formerly used in making the royal robes. Called also yellow-tufted honeysucker. O\'d2cium O*\'d2"ci*um (?), n.; pl. O\'d2cia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special zooids, or cells, of Bryozoa, destined to receive and develop ova; an ovicell. See Bryozoa. O\'94genesis O`\'94*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Physiol.) The development, or mode of origin, of the ova. O\'94gonium O`\'94*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl. L. O\'94gonia (#), E. O\'94goniums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A special cell in certain cryptogamous plants containing o\'94spheres, as in the rockweeds (Fucus), and the orders Vaucherie\'91 and Peronospore\'91. Ooidal O*oi"dal (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Shaped like an egg. Ook Ook (?), n. Oak. [Obs.] "A branched ook." Chaucer. O\'94lite O"\'94*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf.F. o\'94lithe. So named from its resemblance to the roe of fish.] (Geol.) A variety of limestone, consisting of small round grains, resembling the roe of a fish. It sometimes constitutes extensive beds, as in the European Jurassic. See the Chart of Geology. O\'94litic O`\'94*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf.F. o\'94lithique.] Of or pertaining to o\'94lite; composed of, or resembling, o\'94lite. O\'94logical O`\'94*log"ic*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to o\'94logy. O\'94logist O*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. One versed in o\'94logy. O\'94logy O*\'94l"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of eggs in relation to their coloring, size, shape, and number. Oolong Oo"long (?), n. [Chinese, green dragon.] A fragrant variety of black tea having somewhat the flavor of green tea. [Written also oulong.] Oomiac, Oomiak Oo"mi*ac, Oo"mi*ak (?), n. A long, broad boat used by the Eskimos. Oon Oon (?), a. One. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oones Oones (?), adv. Once. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oop Oop (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.] To bind with a thread or cord; to join; to unite. [Scot.] Jamieson. Oopack, Oopak Oo"pack, Oo"pak (?), n. [So named from a district in China.] A kind of black tea. O\'94phore O"\'94*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) An alternately produced form of certain cryptogamous plants, as ferns, mosses, and the like, which bears antheridia and archegonia, and so has sexual fructification, as contrasted with the sporophore, which is nonsexual, but produces spores in countless number. In ferns the o\'94phore is a minute prothallus; in mosses it is the leafy plant. O\'94phorectomy O`\'94*pho*rec"to*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) Ovariotomy. O\'94phoric O`\'94*phor"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Having the nature of, or belonging to, an o\'94phore. O\'94phoridium O`\'94*pho*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. L. O\'94phorida (#), E. O\'94phoridiums (#). [NL., dim. fr. Gr. O\'94phore.] (Bot.) The macrosporangium or case for the larger kind of spores in heterosporous flowerless plants. O\'94phoritis O`\'94*pho*ri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Ovaritis. O\'94phyte O"\'94*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (collectively termed o\'94phytes or O\'94phyta), which have their sexual reproduction accomplished by motile antherozoids acting on o\'94spheres, either while included in their o\'94gonia or after exclusion. NOTE: &hand; Th is class was at first called O\'94spore\'91, and is made to include all alg\'91 and fungi which have this kind of reproduction, however they may differ in all other respects, the contrasted classes of Thallophytes being Protophytes, Zygophytes, and Carpophytes. The whole system has its earnest advocates, but is rejected by many botanists. See Carpophyte. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1004 O\'94phytic O`\'94*phyt"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an o\'94phyte. O\'94rial O*\'94"ri*al (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A wild, bearded sheep inhabiting the Ladakh mountains. It is reddish brown, with a dark beard from the chin to the chest. O\'94sperm O"\'94*sperm (?), n. [Gr. sperm.] (Biol.) The ovum, after fusion with the spermatozo\'94n in impregnation. Balfour. O\'94spere O"\'94*spere (?), n. [Gr. sphere.] 1. (Bot.) An unfertilized, rounded mass of protoplasm, produced in an o\'94gonium. NOTE: &hand; Af ter be ing fertilized by the access of antherozoids it becomes covered with a cell wall and develops into an o\'94spore, which may grow into a new plant like the parent. 2. (Bot.) An analogous mass of protoplasm in the ovule of a flowering plant; an embryonic vesicle. Goodale. O\'94sporangium O`\'94*spo*ran"gi*um (?), n.; pl. L. O\'94sporangia (#), E. O\'94sporangiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An o\'94gonium; also, a case containing oval or rounded spores of some other kind than o\'94spores. O\'94spore O"\'94*spore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) (a) A special kind of spore resulting from the fertilization of an o\'94sphere by antherozoids. (b) A fertilized o\'94sphere in the ovule of a flowering plant. O\'94sporic O`\'94*spor"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an o\'94spore. O\'94stegite O*\'94s"te*gite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the plates which in some Crustacea inclose a cavity wherein the eggs are hatched. O\'94theca O`\'94*the"ca (?), n.; pl. O\'94thec\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An egg case, especially those of many kinds of mollusks, and of some insects, as the cockroach. Cf. O\'d2cium. O\'94tooid, O\'94tocoid O*\'94t"*ooid (?), O*\'94t"o*coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A half oviparous, or an oviparous, mammal; a marsupial or monotreme. O\'94type O"\'94*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] (Zo\'94l.) The part of the oviduct of certain trematode worms in which the ova are completed and furnished with a shell. Ooze Ooze (?), n. [OE. wose, AS. wase dirt, mire, mud, akin to w juice, ooze, Icel. v\'bes wetness, OHG. waso turf, sod, G. wasen.] 1. Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow gently, or easily yield to pressure. "My son i' the ooze is bedded." Shak. 2. Soft flow; spring. Prior. 3. The liquor of a tan vat. Ooze Ooze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oozed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Oozing.] [Prov. Eng. weeze, wooz. See Ooze, n.] 1. To flow gently; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance or through small openings. The latent rill, scare oozing through the grass. Thomson. 2. Fig.: To leak (out) or escape slowly; as, the secret oozed out; his courage oozed out. Ooze Ooze, v. t. To cause to ooze. Alex. Smith. O\'94zoa O`\'94*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Acrita. Oozy Ooz"y (?), a. Miry; containing soft mud; resembling ooze; as, the oozy bed of a river. Pope. Opacate O*pa"cate (?), v. t. [L. opacatus, p.p. of opacare.] To darken; to cloud. [Obs.] Boyle. Opacity O*pac"i*ty (?), n. [L. opacitas: cf.F. opacit\'82.] 1. The state of being opaque; the quality of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of light; want of transparency; opaqueness. 2. Obscurity; want of clearness. Bp. Hall. Opacous O*pa"cous (?), a. [L. opacus. See Opaque.] Opaque. [R.] Milton. -- O*pa"cous*ness, n. [R.] Opacular O*pac"u*lar (?), a. Opaque. [Obs.] Sterne. Opah O"pah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large oceanic fish (Lampris quttatus), inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean. It is remarkable for its brilliant colors, which are red, green, and blue, with tints of purple and gold, covered with round silvery spots. Called also king of the herrings. Opake O*pake" (?), a. See Opaque. Opal O"pal (?), n. [L. opalus: cf. Gr. upala a rock, stone, precious stone: cf. F. opale.] (Min.) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity. NOTE: &hand; Th e pr ecious opal presents a peculiar play of colors of delicate tints, and is highly esteemed as a gem. One kind, with a varied play of color in a reddish ground, is called the harlequin opal. The fire opal has colors like the red and yellow of flame. Common opal has a milky appearance. Menilite is a brown impure variety, occurring in concretions at Menilmontant, near Paris. Other varieties are cacholong, girasol, hyalite, and geyserite. Opalesce O`pal*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Opalesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opalescing (?).] To give forth a play of colors, like the opal. Opalescence O`pal*es"cence (?), n. (Min.) A reflection of a milky or pearly light from the interior of a mineral, as in the moonstone; the state or quality of being opalescent. Opalescent O`pal*es"cent (?), a. Reflecting a milky or pearly light from the interior; having an opaline play of colors. Opaline O"pal*ine (?), a. [Cf. F. opalin.] Of, pertaining to, or like, opal in appearance; having changeable colors like those of the opal. Opalize O"pal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opalizing.] [Cf. F. opaliser.] To convert into opal, or a substance like opal. Lyell. Opalotype O*pal"o*type (?), n. [Opal + -type.] (Photog.) A picture taken on "milky" glass. Opaque O*paque" (?), a. [F., fr. L. opacus. Cf. Opacous.] 1. Impervious to the rays of light; not transparent; as, an opaque substance. 2. Obscure; not clear; unintelligible. [Colloq.] Opaque O*paque", n. That which is opaque; opacity. Young. Opaqueness O*paque"ness, n. The state or quality of being impervious to light; opacity. Dr. H. More. Ope Ope (?), a. Open. [Poetic] Spenser. On Sunday heaven's gate stands ope. Herbert. Ope Ope, v. t. & i. To open. [Poetic] Wilt thou not ope thy heart to know What rainbows teach and sunsets show? Emerson. Opeidoscope O*pei"do*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physics) An instrument, consisting of a tube having one end open and the other end covered with a thin flexible membrance to the center of which is attached a small mirror. It is used for exhibiting upon a screen, by means of rays reflected from the mirror, the vibratory motions caused by sounds produced at the open end of the tube, as by speaking or singing into it. A. E. Dolbear. Opelet Ope"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bright-colored European actinian (Anemonia, OR Anthea, sulcata); -- so called because it does not retract its tentacles. Open O"pen (?), a. [AS. open; akin to D. open, OS. opan, G. offan, Icel. opinn, Sw. \'94ppen, Dan. aaben, and perh. to E. up. Cf. Up, and Ope.] 1. Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up or covered over; -- applied to passageways; as, an open door, window, road, etc.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses, boxes, baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or roadstead. Through the gate, Wide open and unquarded, Satan passed. Milton NOTE: Also, fi guratively, used of the ways of communication of the mind, as by the senses; ready to hear, see, etc.; as, to keep one's eyes and ears open. His ears are open unto their cry. Ps. xxxiv. 15. 2. Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not private; public; unrestricted in use; as, an open library, museum, court, or other assembly; liable to the approach, trespass, or attack of any one; unprotected; exposed. If Demetrius . . . have a matter against any man, the law is open and there are deputies. Acts xix. 33. The service that I truly did his life, Hath left me open to all injuries. Shak. 3. Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea. 4. Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect. Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight. Dryden. 5. Hence: (a) Without reserve or false pretense; sincere; characterized by sincerity; unfeigned; frank; also, generous; liberal; bounteous; -- applied to personal appearance, or character, and to the expression of thought and feeling, etc. With aspect open, shall erect his head. Pope. The Moor is of a free and open nature. Shak. The French are always open, familiar, and talkative. Addison. (b) Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; as, open schemes or plans; open shame or guilt. His thefts are too open. Shak. That I may find him, and with secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton. 6. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate; as, an open season; an open winter. Bacon. 7. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration; as, an open account; an open question; to keep an offer or opportunity open. 8. Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open for any purpose; to be open for an engagement. 9. (Phon.) (a) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; -- said of vowels; as, the \'84n f\'84r is open as compared with the \'be in s\'bey. (b) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure, as in uttering s. 10. (Mus.) (a) Not closed or stopped with the finger; -- said of the string of an instrument, as of a violin, when it is allowed to vibrate throughout its whole length. (b) Produced by an open string; as, an open tone. The open air, the air out of doors. -- Open chain. (Chem.) See Closed chain, under Chain. -- Open circuit (Elec.), a conducting circuit which is incomplete, or interrupted at some point; -- opposed to an uninterrupted, or closed circuit. -- Open communion, communion in the Lord's supper not restricted to persons who have been baptized by immersion. Cf. Close communion, under Close, a. -- Open diapason (Mus.), a certain stop in an organ, in which the pipes or tubes are formed like the mouthpiece of a flageolet at the end where the wind enters, and are open at the other end. -- Open flank (Fort.), the part of the flank covered by the orillon. -- Open-front furnace (Metal.), a blast furnace having a forehearth. -- Open harmony (Mus.), harmony the tones of which are widely dispersed, or separated by wide intervals. -- Open hawse (Naut.), a hawse in which the cables are parallel or slightly divergent. Cf. Foul hawse, under Hawse. -- Open hearth (Metal.), the shallow hearth of a reverberatory furnace. -- Open-hearth furnace, a reverberatory furnace; esp., a kind of reverberatory furnace in which the fuel is gas, used in manufacturing steel. -- Open-hearth process (Steel Manuf.), a process by which melted cast iron is converted into steel by the addition of wrought iron, or iron ore and manganese, and by exposure to heat in an open-hearth furnace; -- also called the Siemens-Martin process, from the inventors. -- Open-hearth steel, steel made by an open-hearth process; -- also called Siemens-Martin steel. -- Open newel. (Arch.) See Hollow newel, under Hollow. -- Open pipe (Mus.), a pipe open at the top. It has a pitch about an octave higher than a closed pipe of the same length. -- Open-timber roof (Arch.), a roof of which the constructional parts, together with the under side of the covering, or its lining, are treated ornamentally, and left to form the ceiling of an apartment below, as in a church, a public hall, and the like. -- Open vowel OR consonant. See Open, a., 9. NOTE: &hand; Op en is us ed in ma ny compounds, most of which are self-explaining; as, open-breasted, open-minded. Syn. -- Unclosed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain; apparent; obvious; evident; public; unreserved; frank; sincere; undissembling; artless. See Candid, and Ingenuous. Open O"pen (?), n. Open or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or obstructions; open ocean; open water. "To sail into the open." Jowett (Thucyd. ). Then we got into the open. W. Black. In open, in full view; without concealment; openly. [Obs.]<-- = in the open --> Beau. & Fl. Openm O"penm v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opening.] [AS. openian. See Open,a.] 1. To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; as, to open a door; to open a box; to open a room; to open a letter. And all the windows of my heart I open to the day. Whittier. 2. To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand. 3. To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain. The king opened himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for the earl's death. Bacon. Unto thee have I opened my cause. Jer. xx. 12. While he opened to us the Scriptures. Luke xxiv. 32. 4. To make known; to discover; also, to render available or accessible for settlements, trade, etc. The English did adventure far for to open the North parts of America. Abp. Abbot. 5. To enter upon; to begin; as, to open a discussion; to open fire upon an enemy; to open trade, or correspondence; to open a case in court, or a meeting. 6. To loosen or make less compact; as, to open matted cotton by separating the fibers. To open one's mouth, to speak. -- To open up, to lay open; to discover; to disclose. Poetry that had opened up so many delightful views into the character and condition of our "bold peasantry, their country's pride." Prof. Wilson. Open O"pen, v. i. 1. To unclose; to form a hole, breach, or gap; to be unclosed; to be parted. The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. Ps. cvi. 17. 2. To expand; to spread out; to be disclosed; as, the harbor opened to our view. 3. To begin; to commence; as, the stock opened at par; the battery opened upon the enemy. 4. (Sporting) To bark on scent or view of the game. Open-air O"pen-air` (?), a. Taking place in the open air; outdoor; as, an open-air game or meeting. Openbill O"pen*bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the genus Anastomus, allied to the stork; -- so called because the two parts of the bill touch only at the base and tip. One species inhabits India, another Africa. Called also open-beak. See Illust. (m), under Beak. Opener O"pen*er (?), n. One who, or that which, opens. "True opener of my eyes." Milton. Open-eyed O"pen-eyed` (?), a. With eyes widely open; watchful; vigilant. Shak. Open-handed O"pen-hand`ed (?), a. Generous; liberal; munificent. -- O"pen-hand`ed*ness, n. J. S. Mill. Open-headed O"pen-head`ed (?), a. Bareheaded. [Obs.] Open-hearted O"pen-heart`ed (?), a. Candid; frank; generous. Dryden. -- O"pen-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- O"pen-heart`ed*ness, n. Walton. Opening O"pen*ing, n. 1. The act or process of opening; a beginning; commencement; first appearance; as, the opening of a speech. The opening of your glory was like that of light. Dryden. 2. A place which is open; a breach; an aperture; a gap; cleft, or hole. We saw him at the opening of his tent. Shak. 3. Hence: A vacant place; an opportunity; as, an opening for business. [Colloq.] Dickens. 4. A thinly wooded space, without undergrowth, in the midst of a forest; as, oak openings. [U.S.] Cooper. Openly O"pen*ly, adv. [AS. openlice.] 1. In an open manner; publicly; not in private; without secrecy. How grossly and openly do many of us contradict the precepts of the gospel by our ungodliness! Tillotson. 2. Without reserve or disguise; plainly; evidently. My love . . . shall show itself more openly. Shak. Open-mouthed O"pen-mouthed` (?), a. Having the mouth open; gaping; hence, greedy; clamorous. L'Estrange. Openness O"pen*ness, n. The quality or state of being open. Openwork O"pen*work` (?), n. 1. Anything so constructed or manufactured (in needlework, carpentry, metal work, etc.) as to show openings through its substance; work that is perforated or pierced. 2. (Mining) A quarry; an open cut. Raymond. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1005 Opera Op"er*a (?), n. [It., fr. opera work, composition, opposed to an improvisation, fr. L. opera pains work, fr. opus, operis, work, labor: cf. F. op\'82ra. See Operate.] 1. A drama, either tragic or comic, of which music forms an essential part; a drama wholly or mostly sung, consisting of recitative, arials, choruses, duets, trios, etc., with orchestral accompaniment, preludes, and interludes, together with appropriate costumes, scenery, and action; a lyric drama. 2. The score of a musical drama, either written or in print; a play set to music. 3. The house where operas are exhibited. Op\'82ra bouffe [F. op\'82ra opera + bouffe comic, It.buffo], Opera buffa [It.], light, farcical, burlesque opera. -- Opera box, a partially inclosed portion of the auditorium of an opera house for the use of a small private party. -- Op\'82ra comique [F.], comic or humorous opera. -- Opera flannel, a light flannel, highly finished. Knight. -- Opera girl (Bot.), an East Indian plant (Mantisia saltatoria) of the Ginger family, sometimes seen in hothouses. It has curious flowers which have some resemblance to a ballet dancer, whence the popular name. Called also dancing girls. -- Opera glass, a short telescope with concave eye lenses of low power, usually made double, that is, with a tube and set of glasses for each eye; a lorgnette; -- so called because adapted for use at the opera, theater, etc. -- Opera hat, a gentleman's folding hat. -- Opera house, specifically, a theater devoted to the performance of operas. -- Opera seria [It.], serious or tragic opera; grand opera. Operable Op"er*a*ble (?), a. Practicable. [Obs.] Operameter Op`er*am"e*ter (?), n. [L. opus, operis, pl. opera work + -meter.] An instrument or machine for measuring work done, especially for ascertaining the number of rotations made by a machine or wheel in manufacturing cloth; a counter. Ure. Operance, Operancy Op"er*ance (?), Op"er*an*cy (?), n. The act of operating or working; operation. [R.] Operand Op"er*and (?), n. [From neuter of L. operandus, gerundive of operari. See Operate.] (Math.) The symbol, quantity, or thing upon which a mathematical operation is performed; -- called also faciend. Operant Op"er*ant (?), a. [L. operans, p.pr. of operari. See Operate.] Operative. [R.] Shak. -- n. An operative person or thing. [R.] Coleridge. Operate Op"er*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Operated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Operating.] [L. operatus, p.p. of operari to work, fr. opus, operis, work, labor; akin to Skr. apas, and also to G. \'81ben to exercise, OHG. uoben, Icel. . Cf. Inure, Maneuver, Ure.] 1. To perform a work or labor; to exert power or strengh, physical or mechanical; to act. 2. To produce an appropriate physical effect; to issue in the result designed by nature; especially (Med.), to take appropriate effect on the human system. 3. To act or produce effect on the mind; to exert moral power or influence. The virtues of private persons operate but on a few. Atterbury. A plain, convincing reason operates on the mind both of a learned and ignorant hearer as long as they live. Swift. 4. (Surg.) To perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc. 5. To deal in stocks or any commodity with a view to speculative profits. [Brokers' Cant] Operate Op"er*ate, v. t. 1. To produce, as an effect; to cause. The same cause would operate a diminution of the value of stock. A. Hamilton. 2. To put into, or to continue in, operation or activity; to work; as, to operate a machine. Operatic, Operatical Op`er**at"ic (?), Op`er*at"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the opera or to operas; characteristic of, or resembling, the opera. Operation Op`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. operatio: cf. F. op\'82ration.] 1. The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral. The pain and sickness caused by manna are the effects of its operation on the stomach. Locke. Speculative painting, without the assistance of manual operation, can never attain to perfection. Dryden. 2. The method of working; mode of action. 3. That which is operated or accomplished; an effect brought about in accordance with a definite plan; as, military or naval operations. 4. Effect produced; influence. [Obs.] The bards . . . had great operation on the vulgar. Fuller. 5. (Math.) Something to be done; some transformation to be made upon quantities, the transformation being indicated either by rules or symbols. 6. (Surg.) Any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with instruments, on the human body, to produce a curative or remedial effect, as in amputation, etc. Calculus of operations. See under Calculus. Operative Op"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf.L. operativus, F. op\'82ratif.] 1. Having the power of acting; hence, exerting force, physical or moral; active in the production of effects; as, an operative motive. It holds in all operative principles. South. 2. Producing the appropriate or designed effect; efficacious; as, an operative dose, rule, or penalty. 3. (Surg.) Based upon, or consisting of, an operation or operations; as, operative surgery. Operative Op"er*a*tive, n. A skilled worker; an artisan; esp., one who operates a machine in a mill or manufactory. Operatively Op"er*a*tive*ly, adv. In an operative manner. Operator Op"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who, or that which, operates or produces an effect. 2. (Surg.) One who performs some act upon the human body by means of the hand, or with instruments. 3. A dealer in stocks or any commodity for speculative purposes; a speculator. [Brokers' Cant] 4. (Math.) The symbol that expresses the operation to be performed; -- called also facient. Operatory Op"er*a*to*ry (?), n. A laboratory. [Obs.] Opercle O"per*cle (?), n. [Cf.F. opercule. See Operculum.] 1. (Anat.) Any one of the bony plates which support the gill covers of fishes; an opercular bone. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An operculum. Opercula O*per"cu*la (?), n. pl. See Operculum. Oparcular O*par"cu*lar (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, an operculum. Opercular O*per"cu*lar, n. (Anat.) The principal opercular bone or operculum of fishes. Operculate, Operculated O*per"cu*late (?), O*per"cu*la`ted (?), a. [L. operculatus, p.p. of operculare to furnish with a lid, fr. operculum lid.] 1. (Bot.) Closed by a lid or cover, as the capsules of the mosses. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having an operculum, or an apparatus for protecting the gills; -- said of shells and of fishes. Operculiferous O*per`cu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Operculum + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing an operculum. Operculiform O*per"cu*li*form (?), a. [L. operculum a cover + -form: cf. F. operculiforme.] Having the form of a lid or cover. Operculigenous O*per`cu*lig`e*nous (?), a. [Operculum + -genous.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing an operculum; -- said of the foot, or part of the foot, of certain mollusks. Operculum O*per"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Opercula (#), E. Operculums (#). [L., a cover or lid, fr. operire to cover.] 1. (Bot.) (a) The lid of a pitcherform leaf. (b) The lid of the urnlike capsule of mosses. 2. (Anat.) (a) Any lidlike or operculiform process or part; as, the opercula of a dental follicle. (b) The fold of integument, usually supported by bony plates, which protects the gills of most fishes and some amphibians; the gill cover; the gill lid. (c) The principal opercular bone in the upper and posterior part of the gill cover. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lid closing the aperture of various species of shells, as the common whelk. See Illust. of Gastropoda. (b) Any lid-shaped structure closing the aperture of a tube or shell. Operetta Op`er*et"ta (?), n. [It., dim. of opera.] (Mus.) A short, light, musical drama. Operose Op"er*ose` (?). a. [L. operosus, fr. opera pains, labor, opus, operis, work, labor.] Wrought with labor; requiring labor; hence, tedious; wearisome. "Operose proceeding." Burke. "A very operose calculation." De Quincey. -- Op"er*ose`ly, adv. -- Op"er*ose`ness, n. Operosity Op`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. operositas.] Laboriousness. [R.] Bp. Hall. Operous Op"er*ous (?), a. Operose. [Obs.] Holder. -- Op"er*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Opertaneous Op`er*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. opertaneus; operire to hide.] Concealed; private. [R.] Opetide Ope"tide` (?), n. [Ope + tide.] Open time; -- applied to different things: (a) The early spring, or the time when flowers begin opening. [Archaic] Nares. (b) The time between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday wherein marriages were formerly solemnized publicly in churches. [Eng.] (c) The time after harvest when the common fields are open to all kinds of stock. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. [Written also opentide.] Ophelic O*phel"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a substance (called ophelic acid) extracted from a plant (Ophelia) of the Gentian family as a bitter yellowish sirup, used in India as a febrifuge and tonic. Ophicleide Oph"i*cleide (?), n. [F. ophicl\'82ide, fr. Gr. (Mus.) A large brass wind instrument, formerly used in the orchestra and in military bands, having a loud tone, deep pitch, and a compass of three octaves; -- now generally supplanted by bass and contrabass tubas. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Ophidia O*phid"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The order of reptiles which includes the serpents. NOTE: &hand; Th e mo st im portant divisions are: the Solenoglypha, having erectile perforated fangs, as the rattlesnake; the Proteroglypha, or elapine serpents, having permanently erect fang, as the cobra; the Asinea, or colubrine serpents, which are destitute of fangs; and the Opoterodonta, or Epanodonta, blindworms, in which the mouth is not dilatable. Ophidian O*phid"i*an (?), n. [Cf. F. ophidien.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Ophidia; a snake or serpent. Ophidian O*phid"i*an, a. [Cf. F. ophidien.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ophidia; belonging to serpents. Ophidioid O*phid"i*oid (?), a. [Ophidion + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ophidiid\'91, a family of fishes which includes many slender species. -- n. One of the Ophidiid\'91. Ophidion O*phid"i*on (?), n.; pl. Ophidia (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The typical genus of ophidioid fishes. [Written also Ophidium.] See Illust. under Ophidioid. Ophidious O*phid"i*ous (?), a. Ophidian. Ophiolatry O`phi*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of serpents. Ophiologic, Ophiological O`phi*o*log"ic (?), O`phi*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ophiology. Ophiologist O`phi*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in the natural history of serpents. Ophiology O`phi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf.F. ophioloqie.] That part of natural history which treats of the ophidians, or serpents. Ophiomancy O"phi*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. ophiomantie.] Divination by serpents, as by their manner of eating, or by their coils. Ophiomorpha O`phi*o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ophiomorphous.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of tailless amphibians having a slender, wormlike body with regular annulations, and usually with minute scales imbedded in the skin. The limbs are rudimentary or wanting. It includes the c\'91cilians. Called also Gymnophiona and Ophidobatrachia. Ophiomorphite O`phi*o*mor"phite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) An ammonite. Ophiomorphous O`phi*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. -morphous.] Having the form of a serpent. Ophiophagous O`phi*oph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. ophiophage.] (Zo\'94l.) Feeding on serpents; -- said of certain birds and reptiles. Ophiophagus O`phi*oph"a*gus, n. [NL. See Ophiophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of venomous East Indian snakes, which feed on other snakes. Ophiophagus elaps is said to be the largest and most deadly of poisonous snakes. Ophite O"phite (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a serpent. [Obs.] Ophite O"phite, n. [L. ophites, Gr. ophite.] (Min.) A greenish spotted porphyry, being a diabase whose pyroxene has been altered to uralite; -- first found in the Pyreness. So called from the colored spots which give it a mottled appearance. -- O*phi"ic (#), a. Ophite O"phite, n. [L. Ophitae, pl. See Ophite, a.] (Eccl.Hist.) A mamber of a Gnostic serpent-worshiping sect of the second century. Ophiuchus O`phi*u"chus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.) A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere, delineated as a man holding a serpent in his hands; -- called also Serpentarius. Ophiura O`phi*u"ra (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ophiurioid starfishes. Ophiuran O`phi*u"ran (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea. -- n. One of the Ophiurioidea. Ophiurid O`phi*u"rid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ophiurioid. Ophiurida O`phi*u"ri*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ophiurioidea. Ophiurioid O`phi*u"ri*oid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea. -- n. One of the Ophiurioidea. [Written also ophiuroid.] Ophiurioidea, Ophiuroidea O`phi*u`ri*oi"de*a (?), O`phi*u*roi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A class of star-shaped echinoderms having a disklike body, with slender, articulated arms, which are not grooved beneath and are often very fragile; -- called also Ophiuroida and Ophiuridea. See Illust. under Brittle star. Ophryon Oph"ry*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The supraorbital point. Ophthalmia Oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. [F. ophthalmie, L. ophthalmia, fr. Gr. optic. See Optic.] (Med.) An inflammation of the membranes or coats of the eye or of the eyeball. Ophthalmic Oph*thal"mic (?), a. [Gr. ophthalmique. See Ophthalmia.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the eye; ocular; as the ophthalmic, or orbitonasal, nerve, a division of the trigeminal, which gives branches to the lachrymal gland, eyelids, nose, and forehead. Ophthalmic region (Zo\'94l.), the space around the eyes. Ophthalmite Oph*thal"mite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An eyestalk; the organ which bears the compound eyes of decapod Crustacea. Ophthalmological Oph*thal`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ophthalmology. Ophthalmologist Oph`thal*mol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in ophthalmology; an oculist. Ophthalmology Oph`thal*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ophthalmologie.] The science which treats of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye. Ophthalmometer Oph`thal*mom"e*ter, n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument devised by Helmholtz for measuring the size of a reflected image on the convex surface of the cornea and lens of the eye, by which their curvature can be ascertained. Ophthalmoscope Oph*thal"mo*scope (?), n. [From Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument for viewing the interior of the eye, particularly the retina. Light is thrown into the eye by a mirror (usually concave) and the interior is then examined with or without the aid of a lens. -- Oph*thal`mo*scop"ic (#), a. Ophthalmoscopy Oph`thal*mos"co*py (?), n. [Cf. F. ophthalmoscopie.] 1. A branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a person's temper and character from the appearance of the eyes. 2. Examination of the eye with the ophthalmoscope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1006 Ophthalmy Oph*thal"my (?), n. Same as Ophthalmia. Opianic O`pi*an"ic (?), a. [From Opium.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the oxidation of narcotine. Opianine O"pi*a*nine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in small quantity in opium. It is identical with narcotine. Opianyl O"pi*a*nyl, n. [Opianic + -yl.] (Chem.) Same as Meconin. Opiate O"pi*ate (?), n. [From Opium: cf.F. opiat.] 1. Originally, a medicine of a thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium. Parr. 2. Any medicine that contains opium, and has the quality of inducing sleep or repose; a narcotic. 3. Anything which induces rest or inaction; that which quiets uneasiness. They chose atheism as an opiate. Bentley. Opiate O"pi*ate, a. [See Opium.] Inducing sleep; somniferous; narcotic; hence, anodyne; causing rest, dullness, or inaction; as, the opiate rod of Hermes. Milton. Opiate O"pi*ate (?), v. t. To subject to the influence of an opiate; to put to sleep. [R.] Fenton. Opiated O"pi*a`ted (?), a. 1. Mixed with opiates. 2. Under the influence of opiates. Opie O"pie (?), n. Opium. [Obs.] Chaucer. Opiferous O*pif"er*ous (?), a. [L. opifer; ops, opis, help + ferre to bear.] Bringing help. [R.] Opifice Op"i*fice (?), n. [L. opificium, fr. opifex workman. See Office.] Workmanship. [Obs.] Bailey. Opificer O*pif"i*cer (?), n. An artificer; a workman. [Obs.] "The almighty opificer." Bentley. Opinable O*pin"a*ble (?), a. [L. opinabilis.] Capable of being opined or thought. Holland. Opination Op`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. opinatio. See Opine,] The act of thinking; a supposition. [Obs.] Opinative O*pin"a*tive (?), a. Obstinate in holding opinions; opinionated. [Obs.] -- O*pin"a*tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Burton. Sir T. More. Opinator Op"i*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One fond of his own opinious; one who holds an opinion. [Obs.] Glanvill. Opine O*pine" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Opined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opining.] [L. opinari, p.p. opinatus; akin to opinus (in comp.) thinking, and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. opiner.] To have an opinion; to judge; to think; to suppose. South. Opiner O*pin"er (?), n. One who opines. Jer. Taylor. Opiniaster, Opiniatre O`pin*ias"ter (?), O`pin*ia"tre (?), a. [OF. opiniastre, F. opini\'83tre. See Opinion.] Opinionated. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Opiniastrous O`pin*ias"trous (?), a. See Opiniaster. [Obs.]. Opinlate O*pin"late (?), v. t. To hold or maintain persistently. [Obs.] Barrow. Opiniated O*pin"ia*ted (?), a. Opinionated. [Obs.] Opiniative O*pin"ia*tive (?), a. Opinionative. Glanvill. -- O*pin"ia*tive*ly, adv. -- O*pin"ia*tive*ness, n. Opiniator, Opiniatre O`pin*ia"tor, O`pin*ia"tre (?), n. One who is opinionated. [Obs.] South. Barrow. Opiniatre O`pin*ia"tre, a. See Opiniaster. [Obs.] Locke. Opiniatrety O`pin*iat"re*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. opini\'83tret\'82.] Obstinacy in opinious. [Written also opiniatry.] [Obs.] Opinicus O*pin"i*cus (, n. (Her.) An imaginary animal borne as a charge, having wings, an eagle's head, and a short tail; -- sometimes represented without wings. Opining O*pin"ing (?), n. Opinion. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Opinion O*pin"ion (?), n. [F., from L. opinio. See Opine.] 1. That which is opined; a notion or conviction founded on probable evidence; belief stronger than impression, less strong than positive knowledge; settled judgment in regard to any point of knowledge or action. Opinion is when the assent of the understanding is so far gained by evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to one persussion than to another, yet not without a mixture of incertainty or doubting. Sir M. Hale. I can not put off my opinion so easily. Shak. 2. The judgment or sentiment which the mind forms of persons or things; estimation. I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people. Shak. Friendship . . . gives a man a peculiar right and claim to the good opinion of his friend. South. However, I have no opinion of those things. Bacon. 3. Favorable estimation; hence, consideration; reputation; fame; public sentiment or esteem. [Obs.] Thou hast redeemed thy lost opinion. Shak. This gained Agricola much opinion, who . . . had made such early progress into laborious . . . enterprises. Milton. 4. Obstinacy in holding to one's belief or impression; opiniativeness; conceitedness. [Obs.] Shak. 5. (Law.) The formal decision, or expression of views, of a judge, an umpire, a counselor, or other party officially called upon to consider and decide upon a matter or point submitted. To be of opinion, to think; to judge. -- To hold opinion with, to agree with. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Sentiment; notion; persuasion; idea; view; estimation. See Sentiment. Opinion O*pin"ion, v. t. To opine. [Obs.] Opinionable O*pin"ion*a*ble (?), a. Being, or capable of being, a matter of opinion; that can be thought; not positively settled; as, an opinionable doctrine. C. J. Ellicott. Opinionate O*pin"ion*ate (?), a. Opinionated. Opinionated O*pin"ion*a`ted (?), a. Stiff in opinion; firmly or unduly adhering to one's own opinion or to preconceived notions; obstinate in opinion. Sir W. Scott. Opinionately O*pin"ion*ate*ly (?), adv. Conceitedly. Feltham. Opinionatist O*pin"ion*a*tist (?), n. An opinionist. [Obs.] Opinionative O*pin"ion*a*tive, a. 1. Unduly attached to one's own opinions; opinionated. Milton. 2. Of the nature of an opinion; conjectured. [Obs.] "Things both opinionative and practical." Bunyan. -- O*pin"ion*a*tive*ly, adv. -- O*pin"ion*a*tive*ness, n. Opinionator O*pin"ion*a`tor (?), n. An opinionated person; one given to conjecture. [Obs.] South. Opinioned O*pin"ioned (?), a. Opinionated; conceited. His opinioned zeal which he thought judicious. Milton. Opinionist O*pin"ion*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. opinioniste.] One fond of his own notions, or unduly attached to his own opinions. Glanvill. Opiparous O*pip"a*rous (?), a. [L. opiparus, fr. ops, opis, riches + parare to provide.] Sumptuous. [Obs.] -- O*pip"a*rous*ly, adv. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse. Opisometer Op`i*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument with a revolving wheel for measuring a curved line, as on a map. Opisthion O*pis"thi*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The middle of the posterior, or dorsal, margin of the great foramen of the skull. Opisthobranchia, Opisthobranchiata O*pis`tho*bran"chi*a (?), O*pis`tho*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of gastropod Mollusca, in which the breathing organs are usually situated behind the heart. It includes the tectibranchs and nudibranchs. Opisthobranchiate O*pis`tho*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Opisthobranchiata. -- n. One of the Opisthobranchiata. Opisthoc\'d2lian, Opisthoc\'d2lous O*pis`tho*c\'d2"li*an (?), O*pis`tho*c\'d2"lous (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Concave behind; -- applied especially to vertebr\'91 in which the anterior end of the centrum is convex and the posterior concave. Opisthodome O*pis"tho*dome (?), n. [L. opisthodomus, Gr. do`mos house: cf. F. opisthodome.] (Arch.) A back chamber; especially, that part of the naos, or cella, farthest from the main entrance, sometimes having an entrance of its own, and often used as a treasury. Opisthoglypha O*pis`tho*glyph"a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of serpents which have some of the posterior maxillary teeth grooved for fangs. Opisthography Op`is*thog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A writing upon the back of anything, as upon the back of a leaf or sheet already written upon on one side. [R.] Scudamore. Opisthomi Op`is*tho"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of eellike fishes having the scapular arch attached to the vertebr\'91, but not connected with the skull. Opisthopulmonate O*pis`tho*pul"mo*nate (?), a.[Gr. pulmonate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the pulmonary sac situated posteriorly; -- said of certain air-breathing Mollusca. Opisthotic Op`is*thot"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The inferior and posterior of the three elements forming the periotic bone. Opisthotonos Op`is*thot"o*nos (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A tetanic spasm in which the body is bent backwards and stiffened. Opitulation O*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. opitulatio, fr. opitulari to bring help.] The act of helping or aiding; help. [Obs.] Bailey. Opium O"pi*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Chem.) The inspissated juice of the Papaver somniferum, or white poppy. NOTE: &hand; Op ium is obtained from incisions made in the capsules of the plant, and the best flows from the first incision. It is imported into Europe and America chiefly from the Levant, and large quantities are sent to China from India, Persia, and other countries. It is of a brownish yellow color, has a faint smell, and bitter and acrid taste. It is a stimulant narcotic poison, which may produce hallicinations, profound sleep, or death. It is much used in medicine to soothe pain and inflammation, and is smoked as an intoxicant with baneful effects. Opium joint, a low resort of opium smokers. [Slang] Ople tree O"ple tree` (?). [L. opulus a kind of maple tree.] The witch-hazel. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Opobalsam, Opobalsamum Op`o*bal"sam (?), Op`o*bal"sa*mum (?), n. [L. opobalsamum, Gr. (Med.) The old name of the aromatic resinous juice of the Balsamodendron opobalsamum, now commonly called balm of Gilead. See under Balm. Opodeldoc Op`o*del"doc (?), n. [So called by Paracelsus. The first syllable may be fr. Gr. 1. A kind of plaster, said to have been invented by Mindererus, -- used for external injuries. [Obs.] 2. A saponaceous, camphorated liniment; a solution of soap in alcohol, with the addition of camphor and essential oils; soap liniment. Opopanax O*pop"a*nax (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. opopanax.] The inspissated juice of an umbelliferous plant (the Opoponax Chironum), brought from Turkey and the East Indies in loose granules, or sometimes in larger masses, of a reddish yellow color, with specks of white. It has a strong smell and acrid taste, and was formerly used in medicine as an emmenagogue and antispasmodic. Dunglison. Opossum O*pos"sum (?), n. [Of N. American Indian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) Any American marsupial of the genera Didelphys and Chironectes. The common species of the United States is Didelphys Virginiana.<-- called also possum --> NOTE: &hand; Se veral re lated sp ecies are found in South America. The water opossum of Brazil (Chironectes variegatus), which has the hind feet, webbed, is provided with a marsupial pouch and with cheek pouches. It is called also yapock. Opossum mouse. (Zo\'94l.) See Flying mouse, under Flying. -- Opossum shrimp (Zo\'94l.), any schizopod crustacean of the genus Mysis and allied genera. See Schizopoda. Oppidan Op"pi*dan (?), a. [L. oppidanus, fr. oppidum town.] Of or pertaining to a town. Howell. Oppidan Op"pi*dan, n. 1. An inhabitant of a town. 2. A student of Eton College, England, who is not a King's scholar, and who boards in a private family. Oppignerate Op*pig"ner*ate (?), v. i. [L. oppigneratus, p.p. of oppignerare to pawn. See Ob-, and Pignerate.] To pledge; to pawn. [Obs.] Bacon. Oppilate Op"pi*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppilated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oppilating (?).] [L. oppilatus, p.p. of oppilare to stop up; ob (see Ob-) + pilare to ram down, to thrust.] To crowd together; to fill with obstructions; to block up. [Obs.] Cockeram. Oppilation Op`pi*la"tion (?), n. [L. oppilatio: cf. F. opilation.] The act of filling or crowding together; a stopping by redundant matter; obstruction, particularly in the lower intestines. Jer. Taylor. Oppilative Op`pi*la*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. opilatif. See Oppilate.] Obstructive. [Obs.] Sherwood. Opplete, Oppleted Op*plete" (?), Op*plet"ed (?), a. [L. oppletus, p.p. of opplere to fill up; ob (see Ob-) + plere to fill.] Filled; crowded. [Obs.] Johnson. Oppletion Op*ple"tion (?), n. The act of filling up, or the state of being filled up; fullness. [Obs.] Oppone Op*pone" (?), v. t. [L. opponere. See Opponent.] To oppose. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Opponency Op*po"nen*cy (?), n. The act of opening an academical disputation; the proposition of objections to a tenet, as an exercise for a degree. [Eng.] Todd. Opponent Op*po"nent (?), a. [L. opponens, -entis, p.pr. of opponere to set or place against, to oppose; ob (see Ob-) + ponere to place. See Position.] Situated in front; opposite; hence, opposing; adverse; antagonistic. Pope. Opponent Op*po"nent, n. 1. One who opposes; an adversary; an antagonist; a foe. Macaulay. 2. One who opposes in a disputation, argument, or other verbal controversy; specifically, one who attacks some theirs or proposition, in distinction from the respondent, or defendant, who maintains it. How becomingly does Philopolis exercise his office, and seasonably commit the opponent with the respondent, like a long-practiced moderator! Dr. H. More. Syn. -- Antagonist; opposer; foe. See Adversary. Opportune Op`por*tune" (?), a. [F. opporiun, L. opportunus, lit., at or before the port; ob (see Ob-) + a derivative of portus port, harbor. See Port harbor.] Convenient; ready; hence, seasonable; timely. Milton. This is most opportune to our need. Shak. -- Op`por*tune"ly, adv. -- Op`por*tune"ness, n. Opportune Op`por*tune", v. t. To suit. [Obs.] Dr. Clerke(1637). Opportunism Op`por*tun"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. opportunisme.] The art or practice of taking advantage of opportunities or circumstances, or of seeking immediate advantage with little regard for ultimate consequences. [Recent] Opportunist Op`por*tun"ist, n. [Cf. F. opportuniste.] One who advocates or practices opportunism. [Recent] Opportunity Op`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Opportunities (#). [F. opportunit\'82, L. opportunitas. See Opportune.] 1. Fit or convenient time; a time or place favorable for executing a purpose; a suitable combination of conditions; suitable occasion; chance. A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. Bacon. 2. Convenience of situation; fitness. [Obs.] Hull, a town of great strength and opportunity, both to sea and land affairs. Milton. 3. Importunity; earnestness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- Occasion; convenience; occurrence. -- Opportunity, Occasion. An occasion is that which falls in our way, or presents itself in the course of events; an opportunity is a convenience or fitness of time, place, etc., for the doing of a thing. Hence, occasions often make opportunities. The occasion of sickness may give opportunity for reflection. Opposability Op*pos`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The condition or quality of being opposable. In no savage have I ever seen the slightest approach to opposability of the great toe, which is the essential distinguishing feature of apes. A. R. Wallace. Opposable Op*pos"a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being opposed or resisted. 2. Capable of being placed opposite something else; as, the thumb is opposable to the forefinger. Opposal Op*pos"al (?), n. Opposition. [R.] Sir T. Herbert. Oppose Op*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opposing.] [F. opposer. See Ob-, Pose, and cf.2d Appose, Puzzle, n. Cf.L. opponere, oppositum.] 1. To place in front of, or over against; to set opposite; to exhibit. Her grace sat down . . . In a rich chair of state; opposing freely The beauty of her person to the people. Shak. 2. To put in opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail; to set against; to offer antagonistically. I may . . . oppose my single opinion to his. Locke. 3. To resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.; to contend against; to confront; to resist; to withstand; as, to oppose the king in battle; to oppose a bill in Congress. 4. To compete with; to strive against; as, to oppose a rival for a prize. I am . . . too weak To oppose your cunning. Shak. Syn. -- To combat; withstand; contradict; deny; gainsay; oppugn; contravene; check; obstruct. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1007 Oppose Op*pose" (?), v. i. 1. To be set opposite. Shak. 2. To act adversely or in opposition; -- with against or to; as, a servant opposed against the act. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To make objection or opposition in controversy. Opposeless Op*pose"less, a. Not to be effectually opposed; irresistible. [Obs.] "Your great opposeless wills." Shak. Opposer Op*pos"er (?), n. One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist; an adversary. Opposite Op"po*site (?), a. [F., fr. L. oppositus, p. p. of opponere. See Opponent.] 1. Placed over against; standing or situated over against or in front; facing; -- often with to; as, a house opposite to the Exchange. 2. Applied to the other of two things which are entirely different; other; as, the opposite sex; the opposite extreme. 3. Extremely different; inconsistent; contrary; repugnant; antagonistic. Novels, by which the reader is misled into another sort of pieasure opposite to that which is designed in an epic poem. Dryden. Particles of speech have divers, and sometimes almost opposite, significations. Locke. 4. (Bot.) (a) Set over against each other, but separated by the whole diameter of the stem, as two leaves at the same node. (b) Placed directly in front of another part or organ, as a stamen which stands before a petal. Opposite Op"po*site, n. 1. One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist. [Obs.] The opposites of this day's strife. Shak. 2. That which is opposed or contrary; as, sweetness and its opposite. The virtuous man meets with more opposites and opponents than any other. Landor. Oppositely Op"po*site*ly, adv. In a situation to face each other; in an opposite manner or direction; adversely. Winds from all quarters oppositely blow. May. Oppositeness Op"po*site*ness, n. The quality or state of being opposite. Oppositifolious Op*pos`i*ti*fo"li*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, Folious.] (Bot.) Placed at the same node with a leaf, but separated from it by the whole diameter of the stem; as, an oppositifolious peduncle. Opposition Op`po*si"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. oppositio. See Opposite.] 1. The act of opposing; an attempt to check, restrain, or defeat; resistance. The counterpoise of so great an opposition. Shak. Virtue which breaks through all opposition. Milton. 2. The state of being placed over against; situation so as to front something else. Milton. 3. Repugnance; contrariety of sentiment, interest, or purpose; antipathy. Shak. 4. That which opposes; an obstacle; specifically, the aggregate of persons or things opposing; hence, in politics and parliamentary practice, the party opposed to the party in power. 5. (Astron.) The situation of a heavenly body with respect to another when in the part of the heavens directly opposite to it; especially, the position of a planet or satellite when its longitude differs from that of the sun 180°; -- signified by the symbol as, . 6. (Logic) The relation between two propositions when, having the same subject and predicate, they differ in quantity, or in quality, or in both; or between two propositions which have the same matter but a different form. Oppositionist Op`po*si"tion*ist, n. One who belongs to the opposition party. Praed. Oppositipetalous Op*pos`i*ti*pet"al*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, and Petal.] (Bot.) Placed in front of a petal. Oppositisepalous Op*pos`i*ti*sep"al*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, and Sepal.] (Bot.) Placed in front of a sepal. Oppositive Op*pos`i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. oppositif. See Opposite.] Capable of being put in opposition. Bp. Hall. Oppress Op*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oppressing.] [F. oppresser, LL. oppressare, fr. L. oppressus, p. p. of opprimere; ob (see Ob-) + premere to press. See Press.] 1. To impose excessive burdens upon; to overload; hence, to treat with unjust rigor or with cruelty. Wyclif. For thee, oppress\'8ad king, am I cast down. Shak. Behold the kings of the earth; how they oppress Thy chosen ! Milton. 2. To ravish; to violate. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. To put down; to crush out; to suppress. [Obs.] The mutiny he there hastes to oppress. Shak. 4. To produce a sensation of weight in (some part of the body); as, my lungs are oppressed by the damp air; excess of food oppresses the stomach. Oppression Op*pres"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. oppressio.] 1. The act of oppressing, or state of being oppressed. 2. That which oppresses; a hardship or injustice; cruelty; severity; tyranny. "The multitude of oppressions." Job xxxv. 9. 3. A sense of heaviness or obstruction in the body or mind; depression; dullness; lassitude; as, an oppression of spirits; an oppression of the lungs. There gentlee Sleep First found me, and with soft oppression seized My drowsed sense. Milton. 4. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oppressive Op*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. oppressif.] 1. Unreasonably burdensome; unjustly severe, rigorous, or harsh; as, oppressive taxes; oppressive exactions of service; an oppressive game law. Macaulay. 2. Using oppression; tyrannical; as, oppressive authority or commands. 3. Heavy; overpowering; hard to be borne; as, oppressive grief or woe. To ease the soul of one oppressive weight. Pope. -- Op*press"ive*ly, adv. -- Op*press"ive*ness, n. Oppressor Op*press"or (?), n. [L.] One who oppresses; one who imposes unjust burdens on others; one who harasses others with unjust laws or unreasonable severity. The orphan pines while the oppressor feeds. Shak. To relieve the oppressed and to punish the oppressor. Swift. Oppressure Op*pres"sure (?), n. Oppression. [Obs.] Opprobrious Op*pro"bri*ous (?), a. [L. opprobriosus, fr. opprobrium. See Opprobrium.] 1. Expressive of opprobrium; attaching disgrace; reproachful; scurrilous; as, opprobrious language. They . . . vindicate themselves in terms no less opprobrious than those by which they are attacked. Addison. 2. Infamous; despised; rendered hateful; as, an opprobrious name. This dark, opprobrious den of shame. Milton. -- Op*pro"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Op*pro"bri*ous*ness, n. Opprobrium Op*pro"bri*um (?), n. [L., fr. ob (see Ob-) + probrum reproach, disgrace.] Disgrace; infamy; reproach mingled with contempt; abusive language. Being both dramatic author and dramatic performer, he found himself heir to a twofold opprobrium. De Quincey. Opprobry Op*pro"bry (?), n. Opprobrium. [Obs.] Johnson. Oppugn Op*pugn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppugned (?); p pr. & vb. n. Oppugning.] [OF. oppugner, L. oppugnare; ob (see Ob-) + pugnare to fight. See Impugn.] To fight against; to attack; to be in conflict with; to oppose; to resist. They said the manner of their impeachment they could not but conceive did oppugn the rights of Parliament. Clarendon. Oppugnancy Op*pug"nan*cy (?), n. [See Oppugnant.] The act of oppugning; opposition; resistance. Shak. Oppugnant Op*pug"nant (?), a. [L. oppugnans, p. pr. of oppugnare. See Oppugn.] Tending to awaken hostility; hostile; opposing; warring. "Oppugnant forces." I. Taylor. -- n. An opponent. [R.] Coleridge. Oppugnation Op`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. oppugnatio: cf. OF. oppugnation.] Opposition. [R.] Bp. Hall. Oppugner Op*pugn"er (?), n. One who opposes or attacks; that which opposes. Selden. Opsimathy Op*sim"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. Education late in life. [R.] Hales. Opsiometer Op`si*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. opsiom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the limits of distincts vision in different individuals, and thus determiming the proper focal length of a lens for correcting imperfect sight. Brande & C. Opsonation Op`so*na"tion (?), n. [L. opsonatio.] A catering; a buying of provisions. [Obs.] Bailey. Optable Op"ta*ble (?), a. [L. optabilis.] That may be chosen; desirable. [Obs.] Cockeram. Optate Op"tate (?), v. i. [L. optatus, p. p. of optare.] To choose; to wish for; to desire. [Obs.] Cotgrave. Optation Op*ta"tion (?), n. [L. optatio. See Option.] The act of optating; a wish. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Optative Op"ta*tive (?), a. [L. optativus: cf. F. optatif.] Expressing desire or wish. Fuller. Optative mood (Gram.), that mood or form of a verb, as in Greek, Sanskrit, etc., in which a wish or desire is expressed. Optative Op"ta*tive, n. [Cf. F. optatif.] 1. Something to be desired. [R.] Bacon. 2. (Gram.) The optative mood; also, a verb in the optative mood. Optatively Op"ta*tive*ly, adv. In an optative manner; with the expression of desire. [R.] God blesseth man imperatively, and man blesseth God optatively. Bp. Hall. Optic Op"tic (?), n. [From Optic, a.] 1. The organ of sight; an eye. The difference is as great between The optics seeing, as the object seen. Pope. 2. An eyeglass. [Obs.] Herbert. Optic, Optical Op"tic (?), Op"tic*al (?), a. [F. optique, Gr. oculus eye. See Ocular, Eye, and cf. Canopy, Ophthalmia.] 1. Of or pertaining to vision or sight. The moon, whose orb Through optic glass the Tuscan artist views. Milton. 2. Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; as, the optic nerves (the first pair of cranial nerves) which are distributed to the retina. See Illust. of Brain, and Eye. 3. Relating to the science of optics; as, optical works. Optic angle (Opt.), the angle included between the optic axes of the two eyes when directed to the same point; -- sometimes called binocular parallax. -- Optic axis. (Opt.) (a) A line drawn through the center of the eye perpendicular to its anterior and posterior surfaces. In a normal eye it is in the direction of the optic axis that objects are most distinctly seen. (b) The line in a doubly refracting crystal, in the direction of which no double refraction occurs. A uniaxial crystal has one such line, a biaxial crystal has two. -- Optical circle (Opt.), a graduated circle used for the measurement of angles in optical experiments. -- Optical square, a surveyor's instrument with reflectors for laying off right angles. Optically Op"tic*al*ly, adv. By optics or sight; with reference to optics. <-- def. of Optically active needs rewriting --> Optically active, Optically inactive (Chem. Physics), terms used of certain metameric substances which, while identical with each other in other respects, differ in this, viz., that they do or do not produce right-handed or left-handed circular polarization of light. -- Optically positive, Optically negative. See under Refraction. Optician Op*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. opticien. See Optic, a.] 1. One skilled in optics. [R.] A. Smith. 2. One who deals in optical glasses and instruments. Optics Op"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. optique, L. optice, Gr. Optic.] That branch of physical science which treats of the nature and properties of light, the laws of its modification by opaque and transparent bodies, and the phenomena of vision. Optigraph Op"ti*graph (?), n. [Optic + -graph: cf. F. opticographe. See Optic, a. ] A telescope with a diagonal eyepiece, suspended vertically in gimbals by the object end beneath a fixed diagonal plane mirror. It is used for delineating landscapes, by means of a pencil at the eye end which leaves the delineation on paper. Optimacy Op"ti*ma*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. optimatie. See Optimate.] 1. Government by the nobility. [R.] Howell. 2. Collectively, the nobility. [R.] Optimate Op"ti*mate (?), a. [L. optimas, -atis, adj., optimates, n. pl., the adherents of the best men, the aristocrats, fr. optimus the best.] Of or pertaining to the nobility or aristocracy. [R.] -- n. A nobleman or aristocrat; a chief man in a state or city. [R.] Chapman. Optimates Op`ti*ma"tes (?), n. pl. [L. See Optimate.] The nobility or aristocracy of ancient Rome, as opposed to the populares. Optime Op"ti*me (?), n. [L., adv. fr. optimus the best.] One of those who stand in the second rank of honors, immediately after the wranglers, in the University of Cambridge, England. They are divided into senior and junior optimes. Optimism Op"ti*mism (?), n. [L. optimus the best; akin to optio choice: cf. F. optimisme. See Option.] 1. (Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature, being the work of God, is ordered for the best, or that the ordering of things in the universe is such as to produce the highest good. 2. A disposition to take the most hopeful view; -- opposed to pessimism. Optimist Op"ti*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. optimiste.] 1. (Metaph.) One who holds the opinion that all events are ordered for the best. 2. One who looks on the bright side of things, or takes hopeful views; -- opposed to pessimist. Optimisttic Op`ti*mist"tic (?), a. 1. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to optimism; tending, or conforming, to the opinion that all events are ordered for the best. 2. Hopeful; sanguine; as, an optimistic view. Optimity Op*tim"i*ty (?), n. [L. optimitas, fr. optimus the best.] The state of being best. [R.] Bailey. Option Op"tion (?), n. [L. optio; akin to optare to choose, wish, optimus best, and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. option.] 1. The power of choosing; the right of choice or election; an alternative. There is an option left to the United States of America, whether they will be respectable and prosperous, or contemptible and miserable, as a nation. Washington. 2. The exercise of the power of choice; choice. Transplantation must proceed from the option of the people, else it sounds like an exile. Bacon. 3. A wishing; a wish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 4. (Ch. of Eng.) A right formerly belonging to an archbishop to select any one dignity or benefice in the gift of a suffragan bishop consecrated or confirmed by him, for bestowal by himself when next vacant; -- annulled by Parliament in 1845. 5. (Stock Exchange) A stipulated privilege, given to a party in a time contract, of demanding its fulfillment on any day within a specified limit. Buyer's option, an option allowed to one who contracts to buy stocks at a certain future date and at a certain price, to demand the delivery of the stock (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the market price. -- Seller's option, an option allowed to one who contracts to deliver stock art a certain price on a certain future date, to deliver it (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the market price. Such options are privileges for which a consideration is paid. -- Local option. See under Local. Syn. -- Choice; preference; selection. -- Option, Choice. Choice is an act of choosing; option often means liberty to choose, and implies freedom from constraint in the act of choosing. Optional Op"tion*al (?), a. Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option; left to one's discretion or choice; not compulsory; as, optional studies; it is optional with you to go or stay. -- n. See Elective, n. If to the former the movement was not optional, it was the same that the latter chose when it was optional. Palfrey. Original writs are either optional or peremptory. Blackstone. Optionally Op"tion*al*ly, adv. In an optional manner. Optoc\'d2le, Optoc\'d2lia Op"to*c\'d2le (?), Op`to*c\'d2"li*a (?), n. [NL. optocoelia, fr. Gr. (Anat.) The cavity of one of the optic lobes of the brain in many animals. B. G. Wilder. Optogram Op"to*gram (?), n. [Optic + -gram: cf. F. optogramme.] (Physiol.) An image of external objects fixed on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple. See Optography. Optography Op*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Optic + -graphy.] (Physiol.) The production of an optogram on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple; the fixation of an image in the eye. The object so photographed shows white on a purple or red background. See Visual purple, under Visual. Optometer Op*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Optic + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the distance of distinct vision, mainly for the selection of eveglasses. Opulence Op"u*lence (?), n. [L. opulentia: cf. F. opulence. See Opulent.] Wealth; riches; affluence. Swift Opulency Op"u*len*cy (?), n. See Opulence. Shak. Opulent Op"u*lent (?), a. [L. opulens, opulentus, fr. ops, opis, power, wealth, riches, perh. akin to E. apt: cf. F. opulent. Cf. Copious, Couple, Office.] Having a large estate or property; wealthy; rich; affluent; as, an opulent city; an opulent citizen. -- Op"u*lent*ly, adv. I will piece Her opulent throne with kingdoms. Shak. Opuntia O*pun"ti*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of cactaceous plants; the prickly pear, or Indian fig. Opus O"pus (?), n.; pl. Opera (#). [L. See Opera.] A work; specif. (Mus.), a musical composition. NOTE: &hand; Ea ch co mposition, or set of pieces, as the composer may choose, is called an opus, and they are numbered in the order of their issue. (Often abbrev. to op.) _________________________________________________________________ Page 1008 Opus incertum. [L.] (Arch.) See under Incertum. Opuscle, Opuscule O*pus"cle (?), O*pus"cule (?), n. [L. opusculum, dim. of opus work: cf. F. opuscule.] A small or petty work. Opusculum O*pus"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. Opuscula (#). [L.] An opuscule. Smart. Opye O"pye (?), n. Opium. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oquassa O*quas"sa (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, handsome trout (Salvelinus oquassa), found in some of the lakes in Maine; -- called also blueback trout. -or -or. [L. -or: cf. OF. -or, -ur, -our, F. -eur.] 1. A noun suffix denoting an act; a state or quality; as in error, fervor, pallor, candor, etc. 2. A noun suffix denoting an agent or doer; as in auditor, one who hears; donor, one who gives; obligor, elevator. It is correlative to -ee. In general -or is appended to words of Latin, and -er to those of English, origin. See -er. Or Or (?), conj. [OE. or, outher, other, auther, either, or, AS. \'bew, contr. from \'behw\'91; \'be aye + hw\'91 whether. See Aye, and Whether, and cf. Either.] A particle that marks an alternative; as, you may read or may write, -- that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but not both. It corresponds to either. You may ride either to London or to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions, presenting a choice of either; as, he may study law, or medicine, or divinity, or he may enter into trade. If man's convenience, health, Or safety interfere, his rights and claims Are paramount. Cowper. NOTE: &hand; Or ma y be us ed to jo in as al ternatives te rms expressing unlike things or ideas (as, is the orange sour or sweet?), or different terms expressing the same thing or idea; as, this is a sphere, or globe. NOTE: &hand; Or so metimes be gins a se ntence. In th is case it expresses an alternative or subjoins a clause differing from the foregoing. "Or what man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone?" Matt. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ). Or for either is archaic or poetic. Maugre thine heed, thou must for indigence Or steal, or beg, or borrow thy dispence. Chaucer. Or Or, prep. & adv. [AS. ere, before. &root;204. See Ere, prep. & adv.] Ere; before; sooner than. [Obs.] But natheless, while I have time and space, Or that I forther in this tale pace. Chaucer. Or ever, Or ere. See under Ever, and Ere. Or Or, n. [F., fr. L. aurum gold. Cf. Aureate.] (Her.) Yellow or gold color, -- represented in drawing or engraving by small dots. Ora O"ra (?), n. [AS. See 2d Ore.] A money of account among the Anglo-Saxons, valued, in the Domesday Book, at twenty pence sterling. Orabassu O`ra*bas"su (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American monkey of the genus Callithrix, esp. C. Moloch. Orach, Orache Or"ach, Or"ache (?), n. [F. arroche, corrupted fr. L. atriplex, Gr. Arrach.] (Bot.) A genus (Atriplex) of herbs or low shrubs of the Goosefoot family, most of them with a mealy surface. Garden orache, a plant (Atriplex hortensis), often used as a pot herb; -- also called mountain spinach. Oracle Or"a*cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. oraculum, fr. orare to speak, utter, pray, fr. os, oris, mouth. See Oral.] 1. The answer of a god, or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry respecting some affair or future event, as the success of an enterprise or battle. Whatso'er she saith, for oracles must stand. Drayton. 2. Hence: The deity who was supposed to give the answer; also, the place where it was given. The oracles are dumb; No voice or hideous hum Runs through the arched roof in words deceiving. Milton. 3. The communications, revelations, or messages delivered by God to the prophets; also, the entire sacred Scriptures -- usually in the plural. The first principles of the oracles of God. Heb. v. 12. 4. (Jewish Antiq.) The sanctuary, or Most Holy place in the temple; also, the temple itself. 1 Kings vi. 19. Siloa's brook, that flow'd Fast by the oracle of God. Milton. 5. One who communicates a divine command; an angel; a prophet. God hath now sent his living oracle Into the world to teach his final will. Milton. 6. Any person reputed uncommonly wise; one whose decisions are regarded as of great authority; as, a literary oracle. "Oracles of mode." Tennyson. The country rectors . . . thought him an oracle on points of learning. Macaulay. 7. A wise sentence or decision of great authority. Oracle Or"a*cle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oracled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oracling (?).] To utter oracles. [Obs.] Oracular O*rac"u*lar (?), a. [L. oracularius. See Oracle.] 1. Of or pertaining to an oracle; uttering oracles; forecasting the future; as, an oracular tongue. 2. Resembling an oracle in some way, as in solemnity, wisdom, authority, obscurity, ambiguity, dogmatism. They have something venerable and oracular in that unadorned gravity and shortness in the expression. Pope. -- O*rac"u*lar*ly, adv. -- O*rac"u*lar*ness, n. Oraculous O*rac"u*lous (?), a. Oracular; of the nature of an oracle. [R.] "Equivocations, or oraculous speeches." Bacon. "The oraculous seer." Pope. -- O*rac"u*lous*ly, adv. -- O*rac"u*lous*ness, n. Oragious O*ra"gious (?), a. [F. orageux.] Stormy. [R.] Oraison Or"ai*son (?), n. See Orison. [Obs.] Shak. Oral O"ral (?), a. [L. os, oris, the mouth, akin to Skr. \'bes. Cf. Adore, Orison, Usher.] 1. Uttered by the mouth, or in words; spoken, not written; verbal; as, oral traditions; oral testimony; oral law. 2. Of or pertaining to the mouth; surrounding or lining the mouth; as, oral cilia or cirri. Orally O"ral*ly, adv. 1. In an oral manner. Tillotson. 2. By, with, or in, the mouth; as, to receive the sacrament orally. [Obs.] Usher. Orang O*rang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Orang-outang. Orange Or"ange (?), n. [F.; cf. It. arancia, arancio, LL. arangia, Sp. naranjia, Pg. laranja; all fr. Ar. n\'beranj, Per. n\'beranj, n\'berang; cf. Skr. n\'beranga orange tree. The o- in F. orange is due to confusion with or gold, L. aurum, because the orange resembles gold in color.] 1. The fruit of a tree of the genus Citrus (C. Aurantium). It is usually round, and consists of pulpy carpels, commonly ten in number, inclosed in a leathery rind, which is easily separable, and is reddish yellow when ripe. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e nu merous va rieties of or anges; as, the bitter orange, which is supposed to be the original stock; the navel orange, which has the rudiment of a second orange imbedded in the top of the fruit; the blood orange, with a reddish juice; and the horned orange, in which the carpels are partly separated. 2. (Bot.) The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree. 3. The color of an orange; reddish yellow. Mandarin orange. See Mandarin. -- Mock orange (Bot.), any species of shrubs of the genus Philadelphus, which have whitish and often fragrant blossoms. -- Native orange, OR Orange thorn (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Citriobatus parviflorus); also, its edible yellow berries. -- Orange bird (Zo\'94l.), a tanager of Jamaica (Tanagra zena); -- so called from its bright orange breast. -- Orange cowry (Zo\'94l.), a large, handsome cowry (Cypr\'91a aurantia), highly valued by collectors of shells on account of its rarity. -- Orange grass (Bot.), an inconspicuous annual American plant (Hypericum Sarothra), having minute, deep yellow flowers. -- Orange oil (Chem.), an oily, terpenelike substance obtained from orange rind, and distinct from neroli oil, which is obtained from the flowers. -- Orange pekoe, a kind of black tea. -- Orange pippin, an orange-colored apple with acid flavor. -- Quito orange, the orangelike fruit of a shrubby species of nightshade (Solanum Quitoense), native in Quito. -- Orange scale (Zo\'94l.) any species of scale insects which infests orange trees; especially, the purple scale (Mytilaspis citricola), the long scale (M. Gloveri), and the red scale (Aspidiotus Aurantii). Orange Or"ange, a. Of or pertaining to an orange; of the color of an orange; reddish yellow; as, an orange ribbon. Orangeade Or`ange*ade" (?), n. [F., fr. orange.] A drink made of orange juice and water, corresponding to lemonade; orange sherbet. Orangeat Or`an*geat" (?), n. [F., fr. orange.] Candied orange peel; also, orangeade. Orangeism Or"ange*ism (?), n. Attachment to the principles of the society of Orangemen; the tenets or practices of the Orangemen. Orangeman Or"ange*man (?), n.; pl. -men (. One of a secret society, organized in the north of Ireland in 1795, the professed objects of which are the defense of the regning sovereign of Great Britain, the support of the Protestant religion, the maintenance of the laws of the kingdom, etc.; -- so called in honor of William, Prince of Orange, who became William III. of England. Orangeroot Or"ange*root` (?), n. (Bot.) An American ranunculaceous plant (Hidrastis Canadensis), having a yellow tuberous root; -- also called yellowroot, golden seal, etc. Orangery Or"an*ger*y (?), n. [F. orangerie, fr. orange. See Orange.] A place for raising oranges; a plantation of orange trees. Orangetawny Or"ange*taw`ny (?), a. & n. Deep orange-yellow; dark yellow. Shak. Orangite Or"an*gite (?), (Min.) An orange-yellow variety of the mineral thorite, found in Norway. Orang-outang O*rang"-ou*tang` (?), n. [Malayan , i. e., man of the woods; man + a forest, wood, wild, savage.] (Zo\'94l.) An arboreal anthropoid ape (Simia satyrus), which inhabits Borneo and Sumatra. Often called simply orang. [Written also orang-outan, orang-utan, ourang-utang, and oran-utan.] NOTE: &hand; It is ov er four feet high, when full grown, and has very long arms, which reach nearly or quite to the ground when the body is erect. Its color is reddish brown. In structure, it closely resembles man in many respects. Orarian O*ra"ri*an (?), a. [L. orarius, fr. ora coast.] Of or pertaining to a coast. Oration O*ra"tion (?), n.[L. oratio, fr. orare to speak, utter, pray. See Oral, Orison.] An elaborate discourse, delivered in public, treating an important subject in a formal and dignified manner; especially, a discourse having reference to some special occasion, as a funeral, an anniversary, a celebration, or the like; -- distinguished from an argument in court, a popular harangue, a sermon, a lecture, etc.; as, Webster's oration at Bunker Hill. The lord archbishop . . . made a long oration. Bacon. Syn. -- Address; speech. See Harangue. Oration O*ra"tion, v. i. To deliver an oration. Donne. Orator Or"a*tor (?), n. [L., fr. orare to speak, utter. See Oration.] 1. A public speaker; one who delivers an oration; especially, one distinguished for his skill and power as a public speaker; one who is eloquent. I am no orator, as Brutus is. Shak. Some orator renowned In Athens or free Rome. Milton. 2. (Law) (a) In equity proceedings, one who prays for relief; a petitioner. (b) A plaintiff, or complainant, in a bill in chancery. Burrill. 3. (Eng. Universities) An officer who is the voice of the university upon all public occasions, who writes, reads, and records all letters of a public nature, presents, with an appropriate address, those persons on whom honorary degrees are to be conferred, and performs other like duties; -- called also public orator. Oratorial Or`a*to"ri*al (?), a. Oratorical. [R.] Swift. --Or`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv. Oratorian Or`a*to"ri*an (?), a. Oratorical. [Obs.] R. North. Oratorian Or`a*to"ri*an, n. [Cf. F. oratorien.] (R. C. Ch.) See Fathers of the Oratory, under Oratory. Oratorical Or`a*tor"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orator or to oratory; characterized by oratory; rhetorical; becoming to an orator; as, an oratorical triumph; an oratorical essay. -- Or`a*tor"ic*al*ly, adv. Oratorio Or`a*to"ri*o (?), n. [It., fr. L. oratorius belonging to praying. See Orator, and cf. Oratory.] 1. (Mus.) A more or less dramatic text or poem, founded on some Scripture nerrative, or great divine event, elaborately set to music, in recitative, arias, grand choruses, etc., to be sung with an orchestral accompaniment, but without action, scenery, or costume, although the oratorio grew out of the Mysteries and the Miracle and Passion plays, which were acted. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e in stances of se cular an d my thological subjects treated in the form of the oratorios, and called oratorios by their composers; as Haydn's "Seasons," Handel's "Semele," etc. 2. Performance or rendering of such a composition. Oratorious Or`a*to"ri*ous (?), a. [LL. oratorius.] Oratorical. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Or`a*to"ri*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Oratorize Or"a*tor*ize (?), v. i. To play the orator. [Jocose or derisive] Dickens. Oratory Or"a*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Oratories (#). [OE. oratorie, fr. L. oratorium, fr. oratorius of praying, of an orator: cf. F. oratoire. See Orator, Oral, and cf. Oratorio.] A place of orisons, or prayer; especially, a chapel or small room set apart for private devotions. An oratory [temple] . . . in worship of Dian. Chaucer. Do not omit thy prayers for want of a good oratory, or place to pray in. Jer. Taylor. Fathers of the Oratory (R. C. Ch.), a society of priests founded by St. Philip Neri, living in community, and not bound by a special vow. The members are called also oratorians. Oratory Or"a*to*ry, n. [L. oratoria (sc. ars) the oratorical art.] The art of an orator; the art of public speaking in an eloquent or effective manner; the exercise of rhetorical skill in oral discourse; eloquence. "The oratory of Greece and Rome." Milton. When a world of men Could not prevail with all their oratory. Shak. Oratress Or"a*tress (?), n. A woman who makes public addresses. Warner. Oratrix Or"a*trix (?), n. [L.] A woman plaintiff, or complainant, in equity pleading. Burrill. Orb Orb (?), n. [OF. orb blind, fr. L. orbus destitute.] (Arch.) A blank window or panel. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. Orb Orb, n. [F. orbe, fr. L. orbis circle, orb. Cf. Orbit.] 1. A spherical body; a globe; especially, one of the celestial spheres; a sun, planet, or star. In the small orb of one particular tear. Shak. Whether the prime orb, Incredible how swift, had thither rolled. Milton. 2. One of the azure transparent spheres conceived by the ancients to be inclosed one within another, and to carry the heavenly bodies in their revolutions. 3. A circle; esp., a circle, or nearly circular orbit, described by the revolution of a heavenly body; an orbit. The schoolmen were like astronomers, which did feign eccentrics, and epicycles, and such engines of orbs. Bacon. You seem to me as Dian in her orb. Shak. In orbs Of circuit inexpressible they stood, Orb within orb. Milton. 4. A period of time marked off by the revolution of a heavenly body. [R.] Milton. 5. The eye, as luminous and spherical. [Poetic] A drop serene hath quenched their orbs. Milton. 6. A revolving circular body; a wheel. [Poetic] The orbs Of his fierce chariot rolled. Milton. 7. A sphere of action. [R.] Wordsworth. But in our orbs we'll live so round and safe. Shak 8. Same as Mound, a ball or globe. See lst Mound. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1009 9. (Mil.) A body of soldiers drawn up in a circle, as for defense, esp. infantry to repel cavalry. Syn. -- Globe; ball; sphere. See Globe. Orb Orb (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orbing.] 1. To form into an orb or circle. [Poetic] Milton. Lowell. 2. To encircle; to surround; to inclose. [Poetic] The wheels were orbed with gold. Addison. Orb Orb, v. i. To become round like an orb. [Poetic] And orb into the perfect star. Tennyson. Orbate Or"bate (?), a. [L. orbatus, p. p. of orbare to bereave, fr. orbus bereaved of parents or children. See Orphan.] Bereaved; fatherless; childless. [Obs.] Orbation Or*ba"tion (?), n. [L. orbatio.] The state of being orbate, or deprived of parents or children; privation, in general; bereavement. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Orbed Orbed (?), a. Having the form of an orb; round. The orb\'8ad eyelids are let down. Trench. Orbic, Orbical Or"bic (?), Or"bic*al (?), a. [L. orbicus, or orbitus, fr. orbis orb.] Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular. [R.] Bacon. Orbicle Or"bi*cle (?), n. [L. orbiculus, dim. of orbis orb.] A small orb, or sphere. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. Orbicula Or*bic"u*la (?), n. [NL. See Orbicle.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Discina. Orbicular Or*bic"u*lar (?), a. [L. orbicularis, fr. orbiculus, dim. of orbis orb: cf. F. orbiculaire.] Resembling or having the form of an orb; spherical; circular; orbiculate. -- Or*bic"u*lar*ly, adv. -- Or*bic"u*lar*ness, n. Orbicular as the disk of a planet. De Quincey. Orbiculate Or*bic"u*late (?), n. That which is orbiculate; especially, a solid the vertical section of which is oval, and the horizontal section circular. Orbiculate, Orbiculated Or*bic"u*late (?), Or*bic"u*la`ted (?), a. [L. orbiculatus. See Orbicular.] Made, or being, in the form of an orb; having a circular, or nearly circular, or a spheroidal, outline. Orbiculate leaf (Bot.), a leaf whose outline is nearly circular. Orbiculation Or*bic`u*la"tion (?), n. The state or quality of being orbiculate; orbicularness. Dr. H. More. Orbit Or"bit (?), n. [L. orbita a track or rut made by a wheel, course, circuit, fr. orbis a circle: cf. F. orbite. See 2d Orb.] 1. (Astron.) The path described by a heavenly body in its periodical revolution around another body; as, the orbit of Jupiter, of the earth, of the moon. 2. An orb or ball. [Rare & Improper] Roll the lucid orbit of an eye. Young. 3. (Anat.) The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. 4. (Zo\'94l.) The skin which surrounds the eye of a bird. Orbital Or"bit*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orbit. "Orbital revolution." J. D. Forbes. Orbital index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the vertical height to the transverse width of the orbit, which is taken as the standard, equal to 100. Orbitar Or"bit*ar (?), a. [Cf. F. orbitaire.] Orbital. [R.] Dunglison. Orbitary Or"bit*a*ry (?), a. Situated around the orbit; as, the orbitary feathers of a bird. Orbitel\'91 Or`bi*te"l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. orbis an orb + tela a web.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of spiders, including those that make geometrical webs, as the garden spider, or Epeira. Orbitolites Or`bi*to*li"tes (?), n. [NL. See Orbit, and -lite.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of living Foraminifera, forming broad, thin, circular disks, containing numerous small chambers. Orbitonasal Or`bi*to*na"sal (?), a. [Orbit + nasal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the orbit and the nose; as, the orbitonasal, or ophthalmic, nerve. Orbitosphenoid Or`bi*to*sphe"noid (?), a. [Orbit + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the orbit, or to the orbitosphenoid bone. -- n. The orbitosphenoid bone, which is situated in the orbit on either side of the presphenoid. It generally forms a part of the sphenoid in the adult. Orbitosphenoidal Or`bi*to*sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the orbitosphenoid bone; orbitosphenoid. Orbituary Or*bit"u*a*ry (?), a. Orbital. [R.] Orbitude, Orbity Or"bi*tude (?), Or"bi*ty (?), n. [L. orbitudo, orbitas, fr. orbus: cf. F. orbit\'82. See Orbate.] Orbation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Orbulina Or`bu*li"na (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. orbis orb.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of minute living Foraminifera having a globular shell. Orby Orb"y (?), a. [From 2d Orb.] Orblike; having the course of an orb; revolving. [Obs.] "Orby hours." Chapman. Orc Orc (?), n. [L. orca: cf. F. orque.] (Zo\'94l.) The grampus. [Written also ork and orch.] Milton. Orcadian Or*ca"di*an (?), a. [L. Orcades the Orkney Islands.] Of or pertaining to the Orkney Islands. Orcein Or"ce*in (?), n. (Chem.) A reddish brown amorphous dyestuff, Orchal Or"chal (?), n. See Archil. Orchanet Or"cha*net (?), n. [F. orcan\'8ate.] (Bot.) Same as Alkanet, 2. Ainsworth. Orchard Or"chard (?), n. [AS. ortgeard, wyrtgeard, lit., wortyard, i. e., a yard for herbs; wyrt herb + geard yard. See Wort, Yard inclosure.] 1. A garden. [Obs.] 2. An inclosure containing fruit trees; also, the fruit trees, collectively; -- used especially of apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, or the like, less frequently of nutbearing trees and of sugar maple trees. Orchard grass (Bot.), a tall coarse grass (Dactylis glomerata), introduced into the United States from Europe. It grows usually in shady places, and is of value for forage and hay. -- Orchard house (Hort.), a glazed structure in which fruit trees are reared in pots. -- Orchard oriole (Zool.), a bright-colored American oriole (Icterus spurius), which frequents orchards. It is smaller and darker thah the Baltimore oriole. Orcharding Or"chard*ing (?), n. 1. The cultivation of orchards. 2. Orchards, in general. Orchardist Or"chard*ist, n. One who cultivates an orchard. Orchel Or"chel (?), n. Archil. Orchesography Or`che*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A treatise upon dancing. [R.] Orchester Or"ches*ter (?), n. See Orchestra. Orchestian Or*ches"tian (?), n. [From Gr. Orchestra.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of amphipod crustacean of the genus Orchestia, or family Orchestid\'91. See Beach flea, under Beach. Orchestra Or"ches*tra (?), n. [L. orchestra, Gr. orchestre.] 1. The space in a theater between the stage and the audience; -- originally appropriated by the Greeks to the chorus and its evolutions, afterward by the Romans to persons of distinction, and by the moderns to a band of instrumental musicians. 2. The place in any public hall appropriated to a band of instrumental musicians. 3. (Mus.) (a) Loosely: A band of instrumental musicians performing in a theater, concert hall, or other place of public amusement. (b) Strictly: A band suitable for the performance of symphonies, overtures, etc., as well as for the accompaniment of operas, oratorios, cantatas, masses, and the like, or of vocal and instrumental solos. (c) A band composed, for the largest part, of players of the various viol instruments, many of each kind, together with a proper complement of wind instruments of wood and brass; -- as distinguished from a military or street band of players on wind instruments, and from an assemblage of solo players for the rendering of concerted pieces, such as septets, octets, and the like. 4. (Mus.) The instruments employed by a full band, collectively; as, an orchestra of forty stringed instruments, with proper complement of wind instruments. Orchestral Or"ches*tral (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orchestra; suitable for, or performed in or by, an orchestra. Orchestration Or`ches*tra"tion (?), n. (Mus.) The arrangement of music for an orchestra; orchestral treatment of a composition; -- called also instrumentation. Orchestre Or"ches*tre (?), n. [F.] See Orchestra. Orchestric Or*ches"tric (?), a. Orchestral. Orchestrion Or*ches"tri*on (?), n. A large music box imitating a variety of orchestral instruments. Orchid Or"chid (?), n. [See Orchis.] (Bot.) Any plant of the order Orchidace\'91. See Orchidaceous. Orchidaceous Or`chi*da"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order (Orchidace\'91) of endogenous plants of which the genus Orchis is the type. They are mostly perennial herbs having the stamens and pistils united in a single column, and normally three petals and three sepals, all adherent to the ovary. The flowers are curiously shaped, often resembling insects, the odd or lower petal (called the lip) being unlike the others, and sometimes of a strange and unexpected appearance. About one hundred species occur in the United States, but several thousand in the tropics. NOTE: &hand; Over three hundred genera are recognized. Orchidean Or*chid"e*an (?), a. (Bot.) Orchidaceous. Orchideous Or*chid"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Same as Orchidaceous. Orchidologist Or`chid*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in orchidology. Orchidology Or`chid*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The branch of botany which treats of orchids. Orchil Or"chil (?), n. See Archil. Orchilla weed Or*chil"la weed` (?). (Bot.) The lichen from which archil is obtained. See Archil. Orchis Or"chis (?), n.; pl. Orchises (#). [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Bot.) A genus of endogenous plants growing in the North Temperate zone, and consisting of about eighty species. They are perennial herbs growing from a tuber (beside which is usually found the last year's tuber also), and are valued for their showy flowers. See Orchidaceous. 2. (Bot.) Any plant of the same family with the orchis; an orchid. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon na mes, su ch as bee orchis, fly orchis, butterfly orchis, etc., allude to the peculiar form of the flower. Orchitis Or*chi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the testicles. Orchotomy Or*chot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation of cutting out or removing a testicle by the knife; castration. Orcin Or"cin (?), n. [Etymology uncertain: cf. F. orcine.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C6H3.CH3.(OH)2, which is obtained from certain lichens (Roccella, Lecanora, etc.), also from extract of aloes, and artificially from certain derivatives of toluene. It changes readily into orcein. Ord Ord (?), n. [AS. ord point.] An edge or point; also, a beginning. [ Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Ord and end, the beginning and end. Cf. Odds and ends, under Odds. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Halliwell. Ordain Or*dain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ordaining.] [OE. ordeinen, OF. ordener, F. ordonner, fr. L. ordinare, from ordo, ordinis, order. See Order, and cf. Ordinance.] 1. To set in order; to arrange according to rule; to regulate; to set; to establish. "Battle well ordained." Spenser. The stake that shall be ordained on either side. Chaucer. 2. To regulate, or establish, by appointment, decree, or law; to constitute; to decree; to appoint; to institute. Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month. 1 Kings xii. 32. And doth the power that man adores ordain Their doom ? Byron. 3. To set apart for an office; to appoint. Being ordained his special governor. Shak. 4. (Eccl.) To invest with ministerial or sacerdotal functions; to introduce into the office of the Christian ministry, by the laying on of hands, or other forms; to set apart by the ceremony of ordination. Meletius was ordained by Arian bishops. Bp. Stillingfleet. Ordainable Or*dain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ordained; worthy to be ordained or appointed. Bp. Hall. Ordainer Or*dain"er (?), n. One who ordains. Ordainment Or*dain"ment (?), n. Ordination. [R.] Burke. Ordal Or"dal (?), n. Ordeal. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ordalian Or*da"li*an (?), a. [LL. orda.] Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Ordeal Or"de*al (?), n. [AS. ord\'bel, ord, a judgment; akin to D. oordeel, G. urteil, urtheil; orig., what is dealt out, the prefix or- being akin to \'be- compounded with verbs, G. er-, ur-, Goth. us-, orig. meaning, out. See Deal, v. & n., and cf. Arise, Ort.] 1. An ancient form of test to determine guilt or innocence, by appealing to a supernatural decision, -- once common in Europe, and still practiced in the East and by savage tribes. NOTE: &hand; In En gland or deal by fire and ordeal by water were used, the former confined to persons of rank, the latter to the common people. The ordeal by fire was performed, either by handling red-hot iron, or by walking barefoot and blindfold over red-hot plowshares, laid at unequal distances. If the person escaped unhurt, he was adjudged innocent; otherwise he was condemned as guilty. The ordeal by water was performed, either by plunging the bare arm to the elbow in boiling water, an escape from injury being taken as proof of innocence, or by casting the accused person, bound hand and foot, into a river or pond, when if he floated it was an evidence of guilt, but if he sunk he was acquitted. It is probable that the proverbial phrase, to go through fire and water, denoting severe trial or danger, is derived from the ordeal. See Wager of battle, under Wager. 2. Any severe trial, or test; a painful experience. Ordeal bean. (Bot.) See Calabar bean, under Calabar. -- Ordeal root (Bot.) the root of a species of Strychnos growing in West Africa, used, like the ordeal bean, in trials for witchcraft. -- Ordeal tree (Bot.), a poisonous tree of Madagascar (Tanghinia, OR Cerbera, venenata). Persons suspected of crime are forced to eat the seeds of the plumlike fruit, and criminals are put to death by being pricked with a lance dipped in the juice of the seeds. Ordeal Or"de*al, a. Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal. Order Or"der (?), n. [OE. ordre, F. ordre, fr. L. ordo, ordinis. Cf. Ordain, Ordinal.] 1. Regular arrangement; any methodical or established succession or harmonious relation; method; system; as: (a) Of material things, like the books in a library. (b) Of intellectual notions or ideas, like the topics of a discource. (c) Of periods of time or occurrences, and the like. The side chambers were . . . thirty in order. Ezek. xli. 6. Bright-harnessed angels sit in order serviceable. Milton. Good order is the foundation of all good things. Burke. 2. Right arrangement; a normal, correct, or fit condition; as, the house is in order; the machinery is out of order. Locke. 3. The customary mode of procedure; established system, as in the conduct of debates or the transaction of business; usage; custom; fashion. Dantiel. And, pregnant with his grander thought, Brought the old order into doubt. Emerson. 4. Conformity with law or decorum; freedom from disturbance; general tranquillity; public quiet; as, to preserve order in a community or an assembly. 5. That which prescribes a method of procedure; a rule or regulation made by competent authority; as, the rules and orders of the senate. The church hath authority to establish that for an order at one time which at another time it may abolish. Hooker. 6. A command; a mandate; a precept; a direction. Upon this new fright, an order was made by both houses for disarming all the papists in England. Clarendon. 7. Hence: A commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods; a direction, in writing, to pay money, to furnish supplies, to admit to a building, a place of entertainment, or the like; as, orders for blankets are large. In those days were pit orders -- beshrew the uncomfortable manager who abolished them. Lamb. 8. A number of things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable place, or relative position; a rank; a row; a grade; especially, a rank or class in society; a group or division of men in the same social or other position; also, a distinct character, kind, or sort; as, the higher or lower orders of society; talent of a high order. They are in equal order to their several ends. Jer. Taylor. Various orders various ensigns bear. Granville. Which, to his order of mind, must have seemed little short of crime. Hawthorne. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1010 9. A body of persons having some common honorary distinction or rule of obligation; esp., a body of religious persons or aggregate of convents living under a common rule; as, the Order of the Bath; the Franciscan order. Find a barefoot brother out, One of our order, to associate me. Shak. The venerable order of the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott. 10. An ecclesiastical grade or rank, as of deacon, priest, or bishop; the office of the Christian ministry; -- often used in the plural; as, to take orders, or to take holy orders, that is, to enter some grade of the ministry. 11. (Arch.) The disposition of a column and its component parts, and of the entablature resting upon it, in classical architecture; hence (as the column and entablature are the characteristic features of classical architecture) a style or manner of architectural designing. NOTE: &hand; Th e Gr eeks us ed th ree di fferent or ders, ea sy to distinguish, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Romans added the Tuscan, and changed the Doric so that it is hardly recognizable, and also used a modified Corinthian called Composite. The Renaissance writers on architecture recognized five orders as orthodox or classical, -- Doric (the Roman sort), Ionic, Tuscan, Corinthian, and Composite. See Illust. of Capital. 12. (Nat. Hist.) An assemblage of genera having certain important characters in common; as, the Carnivora and Insectivora are orders of Mammalia. NOTE: &hand; Th e Li nn\'91an ar tificial or ders of plants rested mainly on identity in the numer of pistils, or agreement in some one character. Natural orders are groups of genera agreeing in the fundamental plan of their flowers and fruit. A natural order is usually (in botany) equivalent to a family, and may include several tribes. 13. (Rhet.) The placing of words and members in a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and beauty or clearness of expression. 14. (Math.) Rank; degree; thus, the order of a curve or surface is the same as the degree of its equation. Artificial order OR system. See Artificial classification, under Artificial, and Note to def. 12 above. -- Close order (Mil.), the arrangement of the ranks with a distance of about half a pace between them; with a distance of about three yards the ranks are in open order. -- The four Orders, The Orders four, the four orders of mendicant friars. See Friar. Chaucer. -- General orders (Mil.), orders issued which concern the whole command, or the troops generally, in distinction from special orders. -- Holy orders. (a) (Eccl.) The different grades of the Christian ministry; ordination to the ministry. See def. 10 above. (b) (R. C. Ch.) A sacrament for the purpose of conferring a special grace on those ordained. -- In order to, for the purpose of; to the end; as means to. The best knowledge is that which is of greatest use in order to our eternal happiness. Tillotson. -- Minor orders (R. C. Ch.), orders beneath the diaconate in sacramental dignity, as acolyte, exorcist, reader, doorkeeper. -- Money order. See under Money. -- Natural order. (Bot.) See def. 12, Note. -- Order book. (a) A merchant's book in which orders are entered. (b) (Mil.) A book kept at headquarters, in which all orders are recorded for the information of officers and men. (c) A book in the House of Commons in which proposed orders must be entered. [Eng.] -- Order in Council, a royal order issed with and by the advice of the Privy Council. [Great Britain] -- Order of battle (Mil.), the particular disposition given to the troops of an army on the field of battle. -- Order of the day, in legislative bodies, the special business appointed for a specified day. -- Order of a differential equation (Math.), the greatest index of differentiation in the equation. -- Sailing orders (Naut.), the final instructions given to the commander of a ship of war before a cruise. -- Sealed orders, orders sealed, and not to be opended until a certain time, or arrival at a certain place, as after a ship is at sea. -- Standing order. (a) A continuing regulation for the conduct of parliamentary business. (b) (Mil.) An order not subject to change by an officer temporarily in command. -- To give order, to give command or directions. Shak. -- To take order for, to take charge of; to make arrangements concerning. Whiles I take order for mine own affairs. Shak. Syn. -- Arrangement; management. See Direction. Order Or"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordered (?); p pr. & vb. n. Ordering.] [From Order, n.] 1. To put in order; to reduce to a methodical arrangement; to arrange in a series, or with reference to an end. Hence, to regulate; to dispose; to direct; to rule. To him that ordereth his conversation aright. Ps. 1. 23. Warriors old with ordered spear and shield. Milton. 2. To give an order to; to command; as, to order troops to advance. 3. To give an order for; to secure by an order; as, to order a carriage; to order groceries. 4. (Eccl.) To admit to holy orders; to ordain; to receive into the ranks of the ministry. These ordered folk be especially titled to God. Chaucer. Persons presented to be ordered deacons. Bk. of Com. Prayer. Order arms (Mil.), the command at which a rifle is brought to a position with its but resting on the ground; also, the position taken at such a command. Order Or"der, v. i. To give orders; to issue commands. Orderable Or"der*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ordered; tractable. [R.] Being very orderable in all his sickness. Fuller. Orderer Or"der*er (?), n. 1. One who puts in order, arranges, methodizes, or regulates. 2. One who gives orders. Ordering Or"der*ing, n. Disposition; distribution; management. South. Orderless Or"der*less, a. Being without order or regularity; disorderly; out of rule. Orderliness Or"der*li*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being orderly. Orderly Or"der*ly, a. 1. Conformed to order; in order; regular; as, an orderly course or plan. Milton. 2. Observant of order, authority, or rule; hence, obedient; quiet; peaceable; not unruly; as, orderly children; an orderly community. 3. Performed in good or established order; well-regulated. "An orderly . . . march." Clarendon. 4. Being on duty; keeping order; conveying orders. "Aids-de-camp and orderly men." Sir W. Scott. Orderly book (Mil.), a book for every company, in which the general and regimental orders are recorded. -- Orderly officer, the officer of the day, or that officer of a corps or regiment whose turn it is to supervise for the day the arrangements for food, cleanliness, etc. Farrow. -- Orderly room. (a) The court of the commanding officer, where charges against the men of the regiment are tried. (b) The office of the commanding officer, usually in the barracks, whence orders emanate. Farrow. -- Orderly sergeant, the first sergeant of a company. Orderly Or"der*ly (?), adv. According to due order; regularly; methodically; duly. You are blunt; go to it orderly. Shak. Orderly Or"der*ly, n.; pl. Orderlies (. 1. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier who attends a superior officer to carry his orders, or to render other service. Orderlies were appointed to watch the palace. Macaulay. 2. A street sweeper. [Eng.] Mayhew. Ordinability Or`di*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being ordained or appointed. [Obs.] Bp. Bull. Ordinable Or"di*na*ble (?), a. [See Ordinate, Ordain.] Capable of being ordained or appointed. [Obs.] Ordinal Or"di*nal (?), a. [L. ordinalis, fr. ordo, ordinis, order. See Order.] 1. Indicating order or succession; as, the ordinal numbers, first, second, third, etc. 2. Of or pertaining to an order. Ordinal Or"di*nal, n. 1. A word or number denoting order or succession. 2. (Ch. of Eng.) The book of forms for making, ordaining, and consecrating bishops, priests, and deacons. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A book containing the rubrics of the Mass. [Written also ordinale.] Ordinalism Or"di*nal*ism (?), n. The state or quality of being ordinal. [R.] Latham. Ordinance Or"di*nance (?), n. [OE. ordenance, OF. ordenance, F. ordonnance. See Ordain, and cf. Ordnance, Ordonnance.] 1. Orderly arrangement; preparation; provision. [Obs.] Spenser. They had made their ordinance Of victual, and of other purveyance. Chaucer. 2. A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a statute, law, regulation, rescript, or accepted usage; an edict or decree; esp., a local law enacted by a municipal government; as, a municipal ordinance. Thou wilt die by God's just ordinance. Shak. By custom and the ordinance of times. Shak. Walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless. Luke i. 6. NOTE: &hand; Ac ts of Pa rliament are sometimes called ordinances; also, certain colonial laws and certain acts of Congress under Confederation; as, the ordinance of 1787 for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River; the colonial ordinance of 1641, or 1647. This word is often used in Scripture in the sense of a law or statute of sovereign power. Ex. xv. 25. Num. x. 8. Ezra iii. 10. Its most frequent application now in the United States is to laws and regulations of municipal corporations. Wharton (Law Dict.). 3. (Eccl.) An established rite or ceremony. 4. Rank; order; station. [Obs.] Shak. 5. [See Ordnance.] Ordnance; cannon. [Obs.] Shak. Ordinand Or"di*nand` (?), n. [L. ordinandus, gerundive of ordinare. See Ordain.] One about to be ordained. Ordinant Or"di*nant (?), a. [L. ordinans, p. pr. of ordinare. See Ordain.] Ordaining; decreeing. [Obs.] Shak. Ordinant Or"di*nant, n. One who ordains. F. G. Lee. Ordinarily Or"di*na*ri*ly (?), adv. According to established rules or settled method; as a rule; commonly; usually; in most cases; as, a winter more than ordinarily severe. Those who ordinarily pride themselves not a little upon their penetration. I. Taylor. Ordinary Or"di*na*ry (?), a. [L. ordinarius, fr. ordo, ordinis, order: cf. F. ordinaire. See Order.] 1. According to established order; methodical; settled; regular. "The ordinary forms of law." Addison. 2. Common; customary; usual. Shak. Method is not less reguisite in ordinary conversation that in writing. Addison. 3. Of common rank, quality, or ability; not distinguished by superior excellence or beauty; hence, not distinguished in any way; commonplace; inferior; of little merit; as, men of ordinary judgment; an ordinary book. An ordinary lad would have acquired little or no useful knowledge in such a way. Macaulay. Ordinary seaman (Naut.), one not expert or fully skilled, and hence ranking below an able seaman. Syn. -- Normal; common; usual; customary. See Normal. -- Ordinary, Common. A thing is common in which many persons share or partake; as, a common practice. A thing is ordinary when it is apt to come round in the regular common order or succession of events. Ordinary Or"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Ordinaries (. 1. (Law) (a) (Roman Law) An officer who has original jurisdiction in his own right, and not by deputation. (b) (Eng. Law) One who has immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; an ecclesiastical judge; also, a deputy of the bishop, or a clergyman appointed to perform divine service for condemned criminals and assist in preparing them for death. (c) (Am. Law) A judicial officer, having generally the powers of a judge of probate or a surrogate. 2. The mass; the common run. [Obs.] I see no more in you than in the ordinary Of nature's salework. Shak. 3. That which is so common, or continued, as to be considered a settled establishment or institution. [R.] Spain had no other wars save those which were grown into an ordinary. Bacon. 4. Anything which is in ordinary or common use. Water buckets, wagons, cart wheels, plow socks, and other ordinaries. Sir W. Scott. 5. A dining room or eating house where a meal is prepared for all comers, at a fixed price for the meal, in distinction from one where each dish is separately charged; a table d'h\'93te; hence, also, the meal furnished at such a dining room. Shak. All the odd words they have picked up in a coffeehouse, or a gaming ordinary, are produced as flowers of style. Swift. He exacted a tribute for licenses to hawkers and peddlers and to ordinaries. Bancroft. 6. (Her.) A charge or bearing of simple form, one of nine or ten which are in constant use. The bend, chevron, chief, cross, fesse, pale, and saltire are uniformly admitted as ordinaries. Some authorities include bar, bend sinister, pile, and others. See Subordinary. In ordinary. (a) In actual and constant service; statedly attending and serving; as, a physician or chaplain in ordinary. An ambassador in ordinary is one constantly resident at a foreign court. (b) (Naut.) Out of commission and laid up; -- said of a naval vessel. -- Ordinary of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), the part of the Mass which is the same every day; -- called also the canon of the Mass. Ordinaryship Or"di*na*ry*ship (?), n. The state of being an ordinary. [R.] Fuller. Ordinate Or"di*nate (?), a. [L. ordinatus, p. p. of ordinare. See Ordain.] Well-ordered; orderly; regular; methodical. "A life blissful and ordinate." Chaucer. Ordinate figure (Math.), a figure whose sides and angles are equal; a regular figure. Ordinate Or"di*nate, n. (Geom.) The distance of any point in a curve or a straight line, measured on a line called the axis of ordinates or on a line parallel to it, from another line called the axis of abscissas, on which the corresponding abscissa of the point is measured. NOTE: &hand; Th e ordinate and abscissa, taken together, are called co\'94rdinates, and define the position of the point with reference to the two axes named, the intersection of which is called the origin of co\'94rdinates. See Coordinate. <-- in a typical two-dimensional plot, viewed on a plane graph in its normal orientation with perpendicular axes, the ordinate is the vertical axis; when the axes are labeled as x and y, it is the y-axis --> Ordinate Or"di*nate (?), v. t. To appoint, to regulate; to harmonize. Bp. Hall. Ordinately Or"di*nate*ly (?), adv. In an ordinate manner; orderly. Chaucer. Skelton. Ordination Or`di*na"tion (?), n. [L. ordinatio: cf. F. ordination.] 1. The act of ordaining, appointing, or setting apart; the state of being ordained, appointed, etc. The holy and wise ordination of God. Jer. Taylor. Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively. Norris. 2. (Eccl.) The act of setting apart to an office in the Christian ministry; the conferring of holy orders. 3. Disposition; arrangement; order. [R.] Angle of ordination (Geom.), the angle between the axes of co\'94rdinates. Ordinative Or"di*na*tive (?), a. [L. ordinativus.] Tending to ordain; directing; giving order. [R.] Gauden. Ordinator Or"di*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who ordains or establishes; a director. [R.] T. Adams. Ordnance Ord"nance (?), n. [From OE. ordenance, referring orig. to the bore or size of the cannon. See Ordinance.] Heavy weapons of warfare; cannon, or great guns, mortars, and howitzers; artillery; sometimes, a general term for all weapons and appliances used in war. All the battlements their ordnance fire. Shak. Then you may hear afar off the awful roar of his [Rufus Choate's] rifled ordnance. E. Ererett. Ordnance survey, the official survey of Great Britain and Ireland, conducted by the ordnance department. Ordonnance Or"don*nance (?), n. [F. See Ordinance.] (Fine Arts) The disposition of the parts of any composition with regard to one another and the whole. Their dramatic ordonnance of the parts. Coleridge. Ordonnant Or"don*nant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of ordonner. See Ordinant.] Of or pertaining to ordonnance. Dryden. Ordovian Or*do"vi*an (?), a. & n. (Geol.) Ordovician. Ordovician Or`do*vi"cian (?), a. [From L. Ordovices, a Celtic people in Wales.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to a division of the Silurian formation, corresponding in general to the Lower Silurian of most authors, exclusive of the Cambrian. -- n. The Ordovician formation. Ordure Or"dure (?), n. [F. ordure, OF. ord filthy, foul, fr. L. horridus horrid. See Horrid.] 1. Dung; excrement; f\'91ces. Shak. 2. Defect; imperfection; fault. [Obs.] Holland. Ordurous Or"dur*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to ordure; filthy. Drayton. Ore Ore (?), n. [AS. \'ber.] Honor; grace; favor; mercy; clemency; happy augry. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ore Ore, n. [AS. ; cf. \'ber brass, bronze, akin to OHG. , G. ehern brazen, Icel. eir brass, Goth. ais, L. aes, Skr. ayas iron. Ora, Era.] 1. The native form of a metal, whether free and uncombined, as gold, copper, etc., or combined, as iron, lead, etc. Usually the ores contain the metals combined with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic, etc. (called mineralizers). 2. (Mining) A native metal or its compound with the rock in which it occurs, after it has been picked over to throw out what is worthless. 3. Metal; as, the liquid ore. [R.] Milton. Ore hearth, a low furnace in which rich lead ore is reduced; -- also called Scotch hearth. Raymond. Oread O"re*ad (?), n. [L. Oreas, -adis, Gr. or\'82ade.] (Class. Myth.) One of the nymphs of mountains and grottoes. Like a wood nymph light, Oread or Dryad. Milton. Oreades O*re"a*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of butterflies which includes the satyrs. See Satyr, 2. Orectic O*rec"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Philos.) Of or pertaining to the desires; hence, impelling to gratification; appetitive. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1011 Oregon grape Or"e*gon grape` (?). (Bot.) An evergreen species of barberry (Berberis Aquifolium), of Oregon and California; also, its roundish, blue-black berries. Oreide O"re*ide (?), n. See Oroide. Oreodon O"re*o*don (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon) A genus of extinct herbivorous mammals, abundant in the Tertiary formation of the Rocky Mountains. It is more or less related to the camel, hog, and deer. Oreodont O"re*o*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Resembling, or allied to, the genus Oreodon. Oreographic O`re*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to oreography. Oreography O`re*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] The science of mountains; orography. Oreoselin O`re*os"e*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance which is obtained indirectly from the root of an umbelliferous plant (Imperatoria Oreoselinum), and yields resorcin on decomposition. Oreosoma O`re*o*so"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small oceanic fishes, remarkable for the large conical tubercles which cover the under surface. Oreweed Ore"weed` (?), n. Same as Oarweed. Orewood Ore"wood` (?), n. Same as Oarweed. Orf, Orfe Orf (?), Or"fe (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bright-colored domesticated variety of the id. See Id. Orfgild Orf"gild` (?), n. [AS. orf, yrfe, cattle, property + gild, gield, money, fine.] (O. Eng. Law) Restitution for cattle; a penalty for taking away cattle. Cowell. Orfray Or"fray (?), n. [F. orfraie. Cf. Osprey, Ossifrage.] (Zo\'94l.) The osprey. [Obs.] Holland. Orfrays Or"frays (?), n. [OF. orfrais, F. orfroi; F. or gold + fraise, frise, fringe, ruff. See Fraise, and cf. Auriphrygiate.] See Orphrey. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Orgal Or"gal (?), n. (Chem.) See Argol. [Obs.] Organ Or"gan (?), n. [L. organum, Gr. work: cf. F. organe. See Work, and cf. Orgue, Orgy.] 1. An instrument or medium by which some important action is performed, or an important end accomplished; as, legislatures, courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are organs of government. 2. (Biol.) A natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole; as, the heart, lungs, etc., are organs of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc., are organs of plants. NOTE: &hand; In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. Groups of organs constitute a system. See System. 3. A component part performing an essential office in the working of any complex machine; as, the cylinder, valves, crank, etc., are organs of the steam engine. 4. A medium of communication between one person or body and another; as, the secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power; a newspaper is the organ of its editor, or of a party, sect, etc. 5. [Cf. AS. organ, fr. L. organum.] (Mus.) A wind instrument containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds, which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the plural, each pipe being considired an organ. The deep, majestic, solemn organs blow. Pope. NOTE: &hand; Chaucer used the form orgon as a plural. The merry orgon . . . that in the church goon [go]. Barrel organ, Choir organ, Great organ, etc. See under Barrel, Choir, etc. -- Cabinet organ (Mus.), an organ of small size, as for a chapel or for domestic use; a reed organ. -- Organ bird (Zo\'94l.), a Tasmanian crow shrike (Gymnorhina organicum). It utters discordant notes like those of a hand organ out of tune. -- Organ fish (Zo\'94l.), the drumfish. -- Organ gun. (Mil.) Same as Orgue (b). -- Organ harmonium (Mus.), an harmonium of large capacity and power. -- Organ of Gorti (Anat.), a complicated structure in the cochlea of the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the rods or fibers of Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See Note under Ear. -- Organ pipe. See Pipe, n., 1. -- Organ-pipe coral. (Zo\'94l.) See Tubipora. -- Organ point (Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the other parts move. Organ Or"gan, v. t. To supply with an organ or organs; to fit with organs; to organize. [Obs.] Thou art elemented and organed for other apprehensions. Bp. Mannyngham. Organdie, Organdy Or"gan*die, Or"gan*dy (?), n. [F. organdi.] A kind of transparent light muslin. Organic Or*gan"ic (?), a. [L. organicus, Gr. organique.] 1. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic remains. Cf. Inorganic. 2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.] 3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to a certain destined function or end. [R.] Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and write perspicuously. Milton. 4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but organic. 5. Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with vital processes, and include many substances of artificial production which may or may not occur in animals or plants; -- contrasted with inorganic. NOTE: &hand; Th e principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are identical; but the enormous number and the completeness of related series of organic compounds, together with their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution, offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry. Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent, and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide; -- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction from proximate analysis. -- Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Organic compounds. (Chem.) See Carbon compounds, under Carbon. -- Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of a curve on a plane by means of instruments. Brande & C. -- Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to functional disease. -- Organic electricity. See under Electricity. -- Organic law OR laws, a law or system of laws, or declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and organization of a political or other association; a constitution. -- Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the natural passages of the body produced by structural changes in its walls, as distinguished from a spasmodic stricture, which is due to muscular contraction. Organical Or*gan"ic*al (?), a. Organic. The organical structure of human bodies, whereby they live and move. Bentley. Organically Or*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. In an organic manner; by means of organs or with reference to organic functions; hence, fundamentally. Gladstone. Organicalness Or*gan"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being organic. Organicism Or*gan"i*cism (?), n. (Med.) The doctrine of the localization of disease, or which refers it always to a material lesion of an organ. Dunglison. Organific Or`gan*if"ic (?), a. [Organ + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See fy.] Making an organic or organized structure; producing an organism; acting through, or resulting from, organs. Prof. Park. Organism Or"gan*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. organisme.] 1. Organic structure; organization. "The advantageous organism of the eye." Grew. 2. (Biol.) An organized being; a living body, either vegetable or animal, compozed of different organs or parts with functions which are separate, but mutually dependent, and essential to the life of the individual. NOTE: &hand; So me of th e lo wer fo rms of life are so simple in structure as to be without organs, but are still called organisms, since they have different parts analogous in functions to the organs of higher plants and animals. Organist Or"gan*ist, n. [Cf. F. organiste.] 1. (Mus.) One who plays on the organ. 2. (R. C. Ch.) One of the priests who organized or sung in parts. [Obs.] Organista Or`ga*nis"ta (?), n. [Sp., an organis.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several South American wrens, noted for the sweetness of their song. Organity Or*gan"i*ty (?), n. Organism. [R.] Organizability Or`gan*i`za*bil"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being organizable; capability of being organized. Organizable Or"gan*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being organized; esp. (Biol.), capable of being formed into living tissue; as, organizable matter. Organization Or`gan*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. organisation.] 1. The act of organizing; the act of arranging in a systematic way for use or action; as, the organization of an army, or of a deliberative body. "The first organization of the general government." Pickering. 2. The state of being organized; also, the relations included in such a state or condition. What is organization but the connection of parts in and for a whole, so that each part is, at once, end and means? Coleridge. 3. That wich is organized; an organized existence; an organism; specif. (Biol.), an arrangement of parts for the performance of the functions necessary to life. The cell may be regarded as the most simple, the most common, and the earliest form of organization. McKendrick. Organize Or"gan*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Organized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Organizing (?).] [Cf. F. organiser, Gr. Organ.] 1. (Biol.) To furnish with organs; to give an organic structure to; to endow with capacity for the functions of life; as, an organized being; organized matter; -- in this sense used chiefly in the past participle. These nobler faculties of the mind, matter organized could never produce. Ray. 2. To arrange or constitute in parts, each having a special function, act, office, or relation; to systematize; to get into working order; -- applied to products of the human intellect, or to human institutions and undertakings, as a science, a government, an army, a war, etc. This original and supreme will organizes the government. Cranch. 3. (Mus.) To sing in parts; as, to organize an anthem. [R.] Busby. Organizer Or"gan*i`zer (?), n. One who organizes. Organling Or"gan*ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large kind of sea fish; the orgeis. Organo- Or"ga*no- (?). [See Organ.] A combining form denoting relation to, or connection with, an organ or organs. Organogen Or*gan"o*gen (?), n. [Organo- + -gen.] (Chem.) A name given to any one of the four elements, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are especially characteristic ingredients of organic compounds; also, by extension, to other elements sometimes found in the same connection; as sulphur, phosphorus, etc. Organogenesis Or`ga*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Organo- + genesis.] 1. (Biol.) The origin and development of organs in animals and plants. 2. (Biol.) The germ history of the organs and systems of organs, -- a branch of morphogeny. Haeckel. Organogenic Or`ga*no*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to organogenesis. Organogeny Or`ga*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Organogenesis. Organographic, Organographical Or`ga*no*graph"ic (?), Or`ga*no*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. organographique.] Of or pertaining to organography. Organographist Or`ga*nog"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in organography. Organography Or`ga*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Organo- + -graphy: cf. F. organographie.] A description of the organs of animals or plants. Organoleptic Or`ga*no*lep"tic (?), a. [F. organoleptique, fr. Gr. (Physiol.) Making an impression upon an organ; plastic; -- said of the effect or impression produced by any substance on the organs of touch, taste, or smell, and also on the organism as a whole. Organological Or`ga*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to organology. Organology Or`ga*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Organ + -logy: cf. F. organologie.] 1. The science of organs or of anything considered as an organic structure. The science of style, as an organ of thought, of style in relation to the ideas and feelings, might be called the organology of style. De Quincey. 2. That branch of biology which treats, in particular, of the organs of animals and plants. See Morphology. Organometallic Or`ga*no*me*tal"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Metalorganic. Organon, Organum Or"ga*non (?), Or"ga*num (?), n. [NL. organon, L. organum. See Organ.] An organ or instrument; hence, a method by which philosophical or scientific investigation may be conducted; -- a term adopted from the Aristotelian writers by Lord Bacon, as the title ("Novum Organon") of part of his treatise on philosophical method. Sir. W. Hamilton. Organonymy Or`ga*non"y*my (?), n. [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.) The designation or nomenclature of organs. B. G. Wilder. Organophyly Or`ga*noph"y*ly (?), n. [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.) The tribal history of organs, -- a branch of morphophyly. Haeckel. Organoplastic Or`ga*no*plas"tic (?), a. [Organo- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Having the property of producing the tissues or organs of animals and plants; as, the organoplastic cells. Organoscopy Or`ga*nos"co*py (?), n. [Organo- + -scopy.] Phrenology. Fleming. Organotrophic Or`ga*no*troph"ic (?), a. [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.) Relating to the creation, organization, and nutrition of living organs or parts. Organule Or"gan*ule (?), n. [Dim. of organ.] (Anat.) One of the essential cells or elements of an organ. See Sense organule, under Sense. Huxley. Organy Or"ga*ny (?), n. [AS. Organe, from the Latin. See Origan.] (Bot.) See Origan. Organzine Or"gan*zine (?), n. [F. organsin; cf. Sp. organsino, It. organzino.] A kind of double thrown silk of very fine texture, that is, silk twisted like a rope with different strands, so as to increase its strength. Orgasm Or"gasm (?), n. [F. orgasme; cf. Gr. (Physiol.) Eager or immoderate excitement or action; the state of turgescence of any organ; erethism; esp., the height of venereal excitement in sexual intercourse. Orgeat Or"geat (?), n. [F., fr. orge barley, L. hordeum.] A sirup in which, formerly, a decoction of barley entered, but which is now prepared with an emulsion of almonds, -- used to flavor beverages or edibles. Orgeis Or"ge*is (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Organling. Orgiastic Or`gi*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. Orgy.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, orgies. Elton. Orgies Or"gies (?), n. pl.; sing. Orgy (. NOTE: [The singular is rarely used.] [F. orgie, orgies, L. orgia, pl., Gr. Organ, and Work.] 1. A sacrifice accompanied by certain ceremonies in honor of some pagan deity; especially, the ceremonies observed by the Greeks and Romans in the worship of Dionysus, or Bacchus, which were characterized by wild and dissolute revelry. As when, with crowned cups, unto the Elian god, Those priests high orgies held. Drayton. 2. Drunken revelry; a carouse. B. Jonson. Tennyson. Orgillous Or"gil*lous (?), a. [OF. orguillous, F. orgueilleux, fr. OF. orgoil pride, F. orgueil.] Proud; haughty. [Obs.] Shak. Orgue Orgue (?), n. [F., fr. L. organum organ, Gr. Organ.] (Mil.) (a) Any one of a number of long, thick pieces of timber, pointed and shod with iron, and suspended, each by a separate rope, over a gateway, to be let down in case of attack. (b) A piece of ordnance, consisting of a number of musket barrels arranged so that a match or train may connect with all their touchholes, and a discharge be secured almost or quite simultaneously. Orgulous Or"gu*lous (?), a. See Orgillous. [Obs.] Orgy Or"gy (?), n.; pl. Orgies (. A frantic revel; drunken revelry. See Orgies Orgyia Or*gy"i*a (?, n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.). A genus of bombycid moths whose caterpillars (esp. those of Orgyia leucostigma) are often very injurious to fruit trees and shade trees. The female is wingless. Called also vaporer moth. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1012 Oricalche Or"i*calche (?), n. [Obs.] See Orichalch. Costly oricalche from strange Ph\'d2nice. Spenser. Orichalceous Or`i*chal"ce*ous (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, orichalch; having a color or luster like that of brass. Maunder. Orichalch Or"i*chalch (?), n. [L. orichalcum, Gr. orichalque.] A metallic substance, resembling gold in color, but inferior in value; a mixed metal of the ancients, resembling brass; -- called also aurichalcum, orichalcum, etc. Oriel O"ri*el (?), n. [OF. oriol gallery, corridor, LL. oriolum portico, hall, prob. fr. L. aureolus gilded, applied to an apartment decorated with gilding. See Oriole.] [Formerly written also oriol, oryal, oryall.] 1. A gallery for minstrels. [Obs.] W. Hamper. 2. A small apartment next a hall, where certain persons were accustomed to dine; a sort of recess. [Obs.] Cowell. 3. (Arch.) A bay window. See Bay window. The beams that thro' the oriel shine Make prisms in every carven glass. Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; Th ere is no generally admitted difference between a bay window and an oriel. In the United States the latter name is often applied to bay windows which are small, and either polygonal or round; also, to such as are corbeled out from the wall instead of resting on the ground. Oriency O"ri*en*cy (?), n. [See Orient.] Brightness or strength of color. [R.] E. Waterhouse. Orient O"ri*ent (?), a. [F., fr. L. oriens, -entis, p. pr. of oriri to rise. See Origin.] 1. Rising, as the sun. Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun. Milton. 2. Eastern; oriental. "The orient part." Hakluyt. 3. Bright; lustrous; superior; pure; perfect; pellucid; -- used of gems and also figuratively, because the most perfect jewels are found in the East. "Pearls round and orient." Jer. Taylor. "Orient gems." Wordsworth. "Orient liquor in a crystal glass." Milton. Orient O"ri*ent, n. 1. The part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning; the east. [Morn] came furrowing all the orient into gold. Tennyson. 2. The countries of Asia or the East. Chaucer. Best built city throughout the Orient. Sir T. Herbert. 3. A pearl of great luster. [R.] Carlyle. Orient O"ri*ent (?), v. t. [F. orienter. Cf. Orientate.] 1. To define the position of, in relation to the orient or east; hence, to ascertain the bearings of. 2. Fig.: To correct or set right by recurring to first principles; to arrange in order; to orientate. Oriental O`ri*en"tal (?), a. [L. orientalis: cf. F. oriental.] Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to occidental; as, Oriental countries. The sun's ascendant and oriental radiations. Sir T. Browne. Oriental O`ri*en"tal, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic. 2. pl. (Eccl.) Eastern Christians of the Greek rite. Orientalism O`ri*en"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. orientalisme.] 1. Any system, doctrine, custom, expression, etc., peculiar to Oriental people. 2. Knowledge or use of Oriental languages, history, literature, etc. London Quart. Rev. Orientalist O`ri*en"tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. orientaliste.] 1. An inhabitant of the Eastern parts of the world; an Oriental. 2. One versed in Eastern languages, literature, etc.; as, the Paris Congress of Orientalists. Sir J. Shore. Orientality O`ri*en*tal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being oriental or eastern. Sir T. Browne. Orientalize O`ri*en"tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orientalizing (?).] to render Oriental; to cause to conform to Oriental manners or conditions. Orientate O"ri*en*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orientating.] [From Orient.] 1. To place or turn toward the east; to cause to assume an easterly direction, or to veer eastward. 2. To arrange in order; to dispose or place (a body) so as to show its relation to other bodies, or the relation of its parts among themselves. A crystal is orientated when placed in its proper position so as to exhibit its symmetry. E. S. Dana. Orientate O"ri*en*tate, v. i. To move or turn toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east. Orientation O`ri*en*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. orientation.] 1. The act or process of orientating; determination of the points of the compass, or the east point, in taking bearings. 2. The tendency of a revolving body, when suspended in a certain way, to bring the axis of rotation into parallelism with the earth's axis. 3. An aspect or fronting to the east; especially (Arch.), the placing of a church so that the chancel, containing the altar toward which the congregation fronts in worship, will be on the east end. 4. Fig.: A return to first principles; an orderly arrangement. The task of orientation undertaken in this chapter. L. F. Ward. Orientness O"ri*ent*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being orient or bright; splendor. [Obs.] Fuller. Orifice Or"i*fice (?), n. [F., from L. orificium; os, oris, a mouth + facere to make. See Oral, and Fact.] A mouth or aperture, as of a tube, pipe, etc.; an opening; as, the orifice of an artery or vein; the orifice of a wound. Shak. Etna was bored through the top with a monstrous orifice. Addison. Oriflamb, Oriflamme Or"i*flamb, Or"i*flamme (?), n. [F. oriflamme, OF. oriflambe, LL. auriflamma; L. aurum gold + flamma flame; cf. L. flammula a little banner. So called because it was a flag of red silk, split into many points, and borne on a gilded lance.] 1. The ancient royal standard of France. 2. A standard or ensign, in battle. "A handkerchief like an oriflamb." Longfellow. And be your oriflamme to-day the helmet of Navarre. Macaulay. Origan, Origanum Or"i*gan (?), O*rig"a*num (?), n. [L. origanum, Gr. Organy.] (Bot.) A genus of aromatic labiate plants, including the sweet marjoram (O. Marjorana) and the wild marjoram (O. vulgare). Spenser. Origenism Or"i*gen*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The opinions of Origen of Alexandria, who lived in the 3d century, one of the most learned of the Greek Fathers. Prominent in his teaching was the doctrine that all created beings, including Satan, will ultimately be saved. Origenist Or"i*gen*ist, n. A follower of Origen of Alexandria. Origin Or"i*gin (?), n. [F. origine, L. origo, -iginis, fr. oriri to rise, become visible; akin to Gr. r, and perh. to E. run.] 1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth. This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the ancient chivalry. Burke. 2. That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the spring; the cause; the occasion. 3. (Anat.) The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contraction; -- in contradistinction to insertion. Origin of co\'94rdinate axes (Math.), the point where the axes intersect. See Note under Ordinate. Syn. -- Commencement; rise; source; spring; fountain; derivation; cause; root; foundation. -- Origin, Source. Origin denotes the rise or commencement of a thing; source presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing forth in a continuous stream of influences. The origin of moral evil has been much disputed, but no one can doubt that it is the source of most of the calamities of our race. I think he would have set out just as he did, with the origin of ideas -- the proper starting point of a grammarian, who is to treat of their signs. Tooke. Famous Greece, That source of art and cultivated thought Which they to Rome, and Romans hither, brought. Waller. Originable O*rig"i*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being originated. Original O*rig"i*nal (?), a. [F. original, L. originalis.] 1. Pertaining to the origin or beginning; preceding all others; first in order; primitive; primary; pristine; as, the original state of man; the original laws of a country; the original inventor of a process. His form had yet not lost All her original brightness. Milton. <-- #sic. "her" refers to form, apparently considered feminine in gender. --> 2. Not copied, imitated, or translated; new; fresh; genuine; as, an original thought; an original process; the original text of Scripture. 3. Having the power to suggest new thoughts or combinations of thought; inventive; as, an original genius. 4. Before unused or unknown; new; as, a book full of original matter. Original sin (Theol.), the first sin of Adam, as related to its consequences to his descendants of the human race; -- called also total depravity. See Calvinism. Original O*rig"i*nal, n. [Cf. F. original.] 1. Origin; commencement; source. It hath it original from much grief. Shak. And spangled heavens, a shining frame, Their great Original proclaim. Addison. 2. That which precedes all others of its class; archetype; first copy; hence, an original work of art, manuscript, text, and the like, as distinguished from a copy, translation, etc. The Scriptures may be now read in their own original. Milton. 3. An original thinker or writer; an originator. [R.] Men who are bad at copying, yet are good originals. C. G. Leland. 4. A person of marked eccentricity. [Colloq.] 5. (Zo\'94l. & Bot.) The natural or wild species from which a domesticated or cultivated variety has been derived; as, the wolf is thought by some to be the original of the dog, the blackthorn the original of the plum. Originalist O*rig"i*nal*ist, n. One who is original. [R.] Originality O*rig`i*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. originalit\'82.] The quality or state of being original. Macaulay. Originally O*rig"i*nal*ly (?), adv. 1. In the original time, or in an original manner; primarily; from the beginning or origin; not by derivation, or imitation. God is originally holy in himself. Bp. Pearson. 2. At first; at the origin; at the time of formation or costruction; as, a book originally written by another hand. "Originally a half length [portrait]." Walpole. Originalness O*rig"i*nal*ness (?), n. The quality of being original; originality. [R.] Johnson. Originant O*rig"i*nant (?), a. Originating; original. [R.] An absolutely originant act of self will. Prof. Shedd. Originary O*rig"i*na*ry (?), a. [L. originarius: cf. F. originaire.] 1. Causing existence; productive. [R.] The production of animals, in the originary way, requires a certain degree of warmth. Cheyne. 2. Primitive; primary; original. [R.] The grand originary right of all rights. Hickok. Originate O*rig"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Originated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Originating.] [From Origin.] To give an origin or beginning to; to cause to be; to bring into existence; to produce as new. A decomposition of the whole civill and political mass, for the purpose of originating a new civil order. Burke. Originate O*rig"i*nate, v. i. To take first existence; to have origin or beginning; to begin to exist or act; as, the scheme originated with the governor and council. Origination O*rig`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. originatio.] 1. The act or process of bringing or coming into existence; first production. "The origination of the universe." Keill. What comes from spirit is a spontaneous origination. Hickok. 2. Mode of production, or bringing into being. This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, butterflies, after the common origination of all caterpillars. Ray. Originative O*rig"i*na*tive (?), a. Having power, or tending, to originate, or bring into existence; originating. H. Bushnell. -- O*rig"i*na*tive*ly, adv. Originator O*rig"i*na`tor (?), n. One who originates. Orillon O*ril"lon (?), n. [F., lit., a little ear, from oreille an ear, fr. L. oricula, auricula, dim. of auris an ear. See Ear.] (Fort.) A semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, -- found in old fortresses. Oriol O"ri*ol (?), n. See Oriel. Oriole O"ri*ole (?), n. [OF. oriol, oriouz, orieus, F. loriot (for l'oriol), fr. L. aureolus golden, dim. of aureus golden, fr. aurum gold. Cf. Aureole, Oriel, Loriot.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family Oriolid\'91. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O. oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note. (b) In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Icterid\'91. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard oriole, under Orchard. Crested oriole. (Zo\'94l.) See Cassican. Orion O*ri"on (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.) A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible to the naked eye. The flaming glories of Orion's belt. E. Everett. Oriskany O*ris"ka*ny (?), a. [From Oriskany, in New York.] (Geol.) Designating, or pertaining to, certain beds, chiefly limestone, characteristic of the latest period of the Silurian age. Oriskany period, a subdivision of the American Paleozoic system intermediate or translational in character between the Silurian and Devonian ages. See Chart of Geology. Orismological O*ris`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Of or pertaining to orismology. Orismology O`ris*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy. See Horizon.] That departament of natural history which treats of technical terms. Orison Or"i*son (?), n. [OF. orison, oreson, oreison, F. oraison, fr. L. oratio speech, prayer. See Oration.] A prayer; a supplication. [Poetic] Chaucer. Shak. Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly paid. Milton. Orisont Or"i*sont (?), n. Horizon. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ork Ork (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Orc. Orkneyan Ork"ney*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Orkney islands. "Orkneyan skerries." Longfellow. Orle Orle (?), n. [F. orle an orle, a fillet, fr. LL. orla border, dim. of L. ora border, margin.] 1. (Her.) A bearing, in the form of a fillet, round the shield, within, but at some distance from, the border. 2. (Her.) The wreath, or chaplet, surmounting or encircling the helmet of a knight and bearing the crest. In orle, round the escutcheon, leaving the middle of the field vacant, or occupied by something else; -- said of bearings arranged on the shield in the form of an orle. Orleans Or"le*ans (?), n. [So called from the city of Orl\'82ans, in France.] 1. A cloth made of worsted and cotton, -- used for wearing apparel. 2. A variety of the plum. See under Plum. [Eng.] Orlo Or"lo (?), n. [Sp.] (Mus.) A wind instrument of music in use among the Spaniards. Orlop Or"lop (?), n. [D. overloop the upper deck, lit., a running over or overflowing, fr. overloopen to run over. See Over, and Leap, and cf. Overloop.] (Naut.) The lowest deck of a vessel, esp. of a ship of war, consisting of a platform laid over the beams in the hold, on which the cables are coiled. Ormer Or"mer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An abalone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1013 Ormolu Or`mo*lu" (?), n. [F. or moulu; or gold (L. aurum) + moulu, p. p. of moudre to grind, to mill, L. molere. See Aureate, and Mill.] A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold. Ormolu varnish, a varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold. Ormuzd Or"muzd (?), n. [Zend Ahuramazda.] The good principle, or being, of the ancient Persian religion. See Ahriman. Orn Orn (?), v. t. To ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] Joye. Ornament Or"na*ment (?), n. [OE. ornement, F. ornement, fr. L. ornamentum, fr. ornare to adorn.] That which embellishes or adorns; that which adds grace or beauty; embellishment; decoration; adornment. The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1 Pet. iii. 4. Like that long-buried body of the king Found lying with his urns and ornaments. Tennyson. Ornament Or"na*ment (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ornamented; p. pr. & vb. n. Ornamenting.] To adorn; to deck; to embellish; to beautify; as, to ornament a room, or a city. Syn. -- See Adorn. Ornamental Or`na*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. ornemental.] Serving to ornament; characterized by ornament; beautifying; embellishing. Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others, about their ankles. Sir T. Browne. Ornamentally Or`na*men"tal*ly, adv. By way of ornament. Ornamentation Or`na*men*ta"tion (?), n. 1. The act or art of ornamenting, or the state of being ornamented. 2. That which ornaments; ornament. C. Kingsley. Ornamenter Or"na*ment*er (?), n. One who ornaments; a decorator. Ornate Or*nate" (?), a. [L. ornatus, p. p. of ornare to adorn.] 1. Adorned; decorated; beautiful. "So bedecked, ornate, and gay." Milton. 2. Finely finished, as a style of composition. A graceful and ornate rhetoric. Milton. Ornate Or*nate", v. t. To adorn; to honor. [R.] They may ornate and sanctify the name of God. Latimer. Ornately Or*nate"ly, adv. In an ornate manner. Sir T. More. Ornateness Or*nate"ness, n. The quality of being ornate. Ornature Or"na*ture (?), n. [L. ornatura.] Decoration; ornamentation. [R.] Holinshed. Ornithic Or*nith"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to birds; as, ornithic fossils. Owen. Ornithichnite Or`nith*ich"nite (?), n. [Ornitho- + Gr. (Paleon.) The footmark of a bird occurring in strata of stone. Hitchcock. Ornithichnology Or`nith*ich*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Ornitho- + ichnology.] (Paleon.) The branch of science which treats of ornithichnites. Hitchcock. Ornitho- Ornitho-. [Cf. Ern.] A combining form fr. Gr. Ornithodelphia Or*ni`tho*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Monotremata. -- Or`ni*tho*del"phid (#), a. Ornithoidichnite Or`ni*thoid*ich"nite (?), n. [Ornitho- + -oid + Gr. (Paleon.) A fossil track resembling that of a bird. Hitchcock. Ornitholite Or*nith"o*lite (?), n. [Ornitho- + -lite.] (Paleon.) (a) The fossil remains of a bird. (b) A stone of various colors bearing the figures of birds. Ornithologic, Ornithological Or`ni*tho*log"ic (?), Or`ni*tho*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ornithologique.] Of or pertaining to ornithology. Ornithologist Or`ni*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. ornithologiste.] One skilled in ornithology; a student of ornithology; one who describes birds. Ornithology Or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Ornitho- + -logy: cf. F. ornithologie.] 1. That branch of zo\'94logy which treats of the natural history of birds and their classification. 2. A treatise or book on this science. Ornithomancy Or*nith"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. ornithomancie.] Divination by means of birds, their flight, etc. Ornithomancy grew into an elaborate science. De Quincey. Ornithon Or*ni"thon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. An aviary; a poultry house. Weale. Ornithopappi Or*ni`tho*pap"pi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of birds. It includes only the Arch\'91opteryx. Ornithopoda Or`ni*thop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ornitho-, and -poda.] (Paleon.) An order of herbivorous dinosaurs with birdlike characteristics in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind legs, which in some genera had only three functional toes, and supported the body in walking as in Iguanodon. See Illust. in Appendix. Ornithorhynchus Or`ni*tho*rhyn"chus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Duck mole, under Duck. Ornithosauria Or*ni`tho*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ornitho-, and Sauria.] (Paleon.) An order of extinct flying reptiles; -- called also Pterosauria. Ornithoscelida Or*ni`tho*scel"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of extinct Reptilia, intermediate in structure (especially with regard to the pelvis) between reptiles and birds. -- Or`ni*tho*scel"i*dan (#), a. Ornithoscopy Or`ni*thos"co*py (?), n. [Ornitho- + -scopy: cf. Gr. Observation of birds and their habits. [R.] De Quincey. Ornithotomical Or`ni*tho*tom"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ornithotomy. Ornithotomist Or`ni*thot"o*mist (?), n. One who is skilled in ornithotomy. Ornithotomy Or`ni*thot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The anatomy or dissection of birds. Orographic, Orographical Or`o*graph"ic (?), Or`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to orography. Orography O*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] That branch of science which treats of mountains and mountain systems; orology; as, the orography of Western Europe. Orohippus Or`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of American Eocene mammals allied to the horse, but having four toes in front and three behind. Oroide O"roide (?), n. [F. or gold (L. aurum) + Gr. An alloy, chiefly of copper and zinc or tin, resembling gold in color and brilliancy. [Written also oreide.] Orological Or`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. orologique.] Of or pertaining to orology. Orologist O*rol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in orology. Orology O*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. orologie.] The science or description of mountains. Orotund O"ro*tund` (?), a. [L. os, oris, the mouth + rotundus round, smooth.] Characterized by fullness, clearness, strength, and smoothness; ringing and musical; -- said of the voice or manner of utterance. -- n. The orotund voice or utterance Rush. Orotundity O`ro*tun"di*ty (?), n. The orotund mode of intonation. Orphaline Or"pha*line (?), n. See Orpheline. [Obs.] Orphan Or"phan (?), n. [L. orphanus, Gr. orbus. Cf. Orb a blank window.] A child bereaved of both father and mother; sometimes, also, a child who has but one parent living. Orphans' court (Law), a court in some of the States of the Union, having jurisdiction over the estates and persons of orphans or other wards. Bouvier. Orphan Or"phan, a. Bereaved of parents, or (sometimes) of one parent. Orphan Or"phan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orphaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orphaning.] To cause to become an orphan; to deprive of parents. Young. Orphanage Or"phan*age (?), n. 1. The state of being an orphan; orphanhood; orphans, collectively. 2. An institution or asylum for the care of orphans. Orphancy Or"phan*cy (?), n. Orphanhood. Sir P. Sidney. Orphanet Or"phan*et (?), n. A little orphan. Drayton. Orphanhood Or"phan*hood (?), n. The state or condition of being an orphan; orphanage. Orphanism Or"phan*ism (?), n. Orphanhood. [R.] Orphanotrophism Or`phan*ot"ro*phism (?), n. The care and support of orphans. [R.] Cotton Mather (1711). Orphanotrophy Or`phan*ot"ro*phy (?), n. [L. orphanotrophium, Gr. 1. A hospital for orphans. [R.] A. Chalmers. 2. The act of supporting orphans. [R.] Orpharion Or*pha"ri*on (?), n. (Mus.) An old instrument of the lute or cittern kind. [Spelt also orpheoreon.] Orphean Or*phe"an (?), a. [L. Orphus, Gr. Of or pertaining to Orpheus, the mythic poet and musician; as, Orphean strains. Cowper. Orpheline Or"phe*line (?), n. [F. orphelin. See Orphan.] An orphan. [Obs.] Udcll. Orpheus Or"phe*us (?), n. [L. Orpheus, Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre. Orphic Or"phic (?), a. [L. Orphicus, Gr. Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns. Orphrey Or"phrey (?), n. [See Orfrays.] A band of rich embroidery, wholly or in part of gold, affixed to vestments, especially those of ecclesiastics. Pugin. Orpiment Or"pi*ment (?), n. [F., fr. L. auripigmentum; aurum gold + pigmentum pigment. Cf. Aureate, Pigment, Orpin, Orpine.] (Chem.) Arsenic sesquisulphide, produced artificially as an amorphous lemonyellow powder, and occurring naturally as a yellow crystalline mineral; -- formerly called auripigment. It is used in king's yellow, in white Indian fire, and in certain technical processes, as indigo printing. Our orpiment and sublimed mercurie. Chaucer. Red orpiment, realgar; the red sulphide of arsenic. -- Yellow orpiment, king's yellow. Orpin Or"pin, n. [F., orpiment, also, the plant orpine. See Orpiment.] 1. A yellow pigment of various degrees of intensity, approaching also to red. 2. (Bot.) The orpine. Orpine Or"pine (?), n. [F. orpin the genus of plants which includes orpine; -- so called from the yellow blossoms of a common species (Sedum acre). See Orpiment.] (Bot.) A low plant with fleshy leaves (Sedum telephium), having clusters of purple flowers. It is found on dry, sandy places, and on old walls, in England, and has become naturalized in America. Called also stonecrop, and live-forever. [Written also orpin.] Orrach Or"rach (?), n. See Orach. Orrery Or"re*ry (?), n.; pl. Orreries (#). [So named in honor of the Earl of Orrery.] An apparatus which illustrates, by the revolution of balls moved by wheelwork, the relative size, periodic motions, positions, orbits, etc., of bodies in the solar system. Orris Or"ris (?), n. [Prob. corrupted from It. ireos iris. See Iris.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Iris (I. Florentina); a kind of flower-de-luce. Its rootstock has an odor resembling that of violets. Orris pea (Med.), an issue pea made from orris root. -- Orris root, the fragrant rootstock of the orris. Orris Or"ris (?), n. 1. [Contr. from orfrays, or from arras.] A sort of gold or silver lace. Johnson. 2. A peculiar pattern in which gold lace or silver lace is worked; especially, one in which the edges are ornamented with conical figures placed at equal distances, with spots between them. Orsedew, Orsedue Orse"dew (?), Or"se*due (?), n. Leaf metal of bronze; Dutch metal. See under Dutch. Orseille Or`seille" (?), n. [F.] See Archil. Orsellic Or*sel"lic (?), a. [From F. orseille archil. See Archil.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in certain lichens, and called also lecanoric acid. [Formerly written also orseillic.] Orsellinic Or`sel*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by a partial decomposition of orsellic acid as a white crystalline substance, and related to protocatechuic acid. Ort Ort (?), n.; pl. Orts (#). [Akin to LG. ort, ortels, remnants of food, refuse, OFries. ort, OD. oorete, ooraete; prob. from the same prefix as in E. ordeal + a word akin to eat.] A morsel left at a meal; a fragment; refuse; -- commonly used in the plural. Milton. Let him have time a beggar's orts to crave. Shak. Ortalidian Or`ta*lid"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous small two-winged flies of the family Ortalid\'91. The larv\'91 of many of these flies live in fruit; those of others produce galls on various plants. Orthid Or"thid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A brachiopod shell of the genus Orthis, and allied genera, of the family Orthid\'91. Orthis Or"this (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extinct genus of Brachiopoda, abundant in the Paleozoic rocks. Orthite Or"thite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A variety of allanite occurring in slender prismatic crystals. Ortho- Or"tho- (?). [Gr. upright, vrdh to grow, to cause to grow.] 1. A combining form signifying straight, right, upright, correct, regular; as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox, orthographic. 2. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), designating: (a) (Inorganic Chem.) The one of several acids of the same element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with the greatest number of hydroxyl groups; as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. Normal. (b) (Organic Chem.) Connection with, or affinity to, one variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene compounds; -- contrasted with meta- or para-; as, the ortho position; hence, designating any substance showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound. NOTE: &hand; In th e graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), provisionally adopted, any substance exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as, orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by meta-; as, resorcin or metaxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by para-; as, hydroquinone or paraxylene. Orthocarbonic Or`tho*car*bon"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + carbonic.] (Chem.) Designating a complex ether, C.(OC2H5)4, which is obtained as a liquid of a pleasant ethereal odor by means of chlorpicrin, and is believed to be a derivative of the hypothetical normal carbonic acid, C.(OH)4. Orthocenter Or`tho*cen"ter (?), n. [Ortho- + center.] (Geom.) That point in which the three perpendiculars let fall from the angles of a triangle upon the opposite sides, or the sides produced, mutually intersect. Orthoceras Or*thoc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of Paleozoic Cephalopoda, having a long, straight, conical shell. The interior is divided into numerous chambers by transverse septa. Orthoceratite Or`tho*cer"a*tite (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An orthoceras; also, any fossil shell allied to Orthoceras. Orthoclase Or"tho*clase (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. (Min.) Common or potash feldspar crystallizing in the monoclinic system and having two cleavages at right angles to each other. See Feldspar. Orthoclastic Or`tho*clas"tic (?), a. (Crystallog.) Breaking in directions at right angles to each other; -- said of the monoclinic feldspars. Orthodiagonal Or`tho*di*ag"o*nal (?), n. [Ortho- + diagonal.] (Crystallog.) The diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which is at right angles with the vertical axis. Orthodome Or"tho*dome (?), n. [Ortho- + dome.] (Crystallog.) See the Note under Dome, 4. Orthodox Or"tho*dox (?), a. [L. orthodoxus, Gr. orthodoxe. See Ortho-, Dogma.] 1. Sound in opinion or doctrine, especially in religious doctrine; hence, holding the Christian faith; believing the doctrines taught in the Scriptures; -- opposed to heretical and heterodox; as, an orthodox Christian. 2. According or congruous with the doctrines of Scripture, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, or the like; as, an orthodox opinion, book, etc. 3. Approved; conventional. He saluted me on both cheeks in the orthodox manner. H. R. Haweis. NOTE: &hand; The term orthodox differs in its use among the various Christian communions. The Greek Church styles itself the "Holy Orthodox Apostolic Church," regarding all other bodies of Christians as more or less heterodox. The Roman Catholic Church regards the Protestant churches as heterodox in many points. In the United States the term orthodox is frequently used with reference to divergent views on the doctrine of the Trinity. Thus it has been common to speak of the Trinitarian Congregational churches in distinction from the Unitarian, as Orthodox. The name is also applied to the conservative, in distinction from the "liberal", or Hicksite, body in the Society of Friends. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1014 Orthodoxal Or"tho*dox`al (?), a. Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox. [R.] Milton. Orthodoxality Or`tho*dox*al"i*ty (?), n. Orthodoxness. [R.] Orthodoxally Or"tho*dox`al*ly (?), adv. Orthodoxly. [R.] Milton Orthodoxastical Or`tho*dox*as"tic*al (?), a. Orthodox. [Obs.] Orthodoxical Or`tho*dox"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox. Orthodoxly Or"tho*dox`ly (?), adv. In an orthodox manner; with soundness of faith. Sir W. Hamilton. Orthodoxness Or"tho*dox`ness, n. The quality or state of being orthodox; orthodoxy. Waterland. Orthodoxy Or"tho*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. orthodoxie. See Orthodox.] 1. Soundness of faith; a belief in the doctrines taught in the Scriptures, or in some established standard of faith; -- opposed to heterodoxy or to heresy. Basil himself bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's orthodoxy. Waterland. 2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines; -- said of moral doctrines and beliefs; as, the orthodoxy of a creed. 3. By extension, said of any correct doctrine or belief. Orthodromic Or`tho*drom"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. Of or pertaining to orthodromy. Orthodromics Or`tho*drom"ics (?), n. The art of sailing in a direct course, or on the arc of a great circle, which is the shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the globe; great-circle sailing; orthodromy. Orthodromy Or"tho*drom`y (?), n. [Cf. F. orthodromie.] The act or art of sailing on a great circle. Ortho\'89pic, Ortho\'89pical Or`tho*\'89p"ic (?), Or`tho*\'89p"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ortho\'89py, or correct pronunciation. -- Or`tho*\'89p"ic*al*ly, adv. Ortho\'89pist Or"tho*\'89*pist (?), n. One who is skilled in ortho\'89py. Ortho\'89py Or"tho*\'89*py (?), n. [Gr. ortho\'82pie. See Ortho-, and Epic.] The art of uttering words corectly; a correct pronunciation of words; also, mode of pronunciation. Orthogamy Or*thog"a*my (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.) Direct fertilization in plants, as when the pollen fertilizing the ovules comes from the stamens of the same blossom; -- opposed to heterogamy. Orthognathic Or`thog*nath"ic (?), a. Orthognathous. Orthognathism Or*thog"na*thism (?), n. (Anat.) The quality or state of being orthognathous. Huxley. Orthognathous Or*thog"na*thous (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the front of the head, or the skull, nearly perpendicular, not retreating backwards above the jaws; -- opposed to prognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic. Orthogon Or"tho*gon (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. orthogone, a.] (Geom.) A rectangular figure. Orthogonal Or*thog"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. orthogonal.] Right-angled; rectangular; as, an orthogonal intersection of one curve with another. Orthogonal projection. See under Orthographic. Orthogonally Or*thog"o*nal*ly, adv. Perpendicularly; at right angles; as, a curve cuts a set of curves orthogonally. Orthographer Or*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in orthography; one who spells words correctly. Orthographic, Orthographical Or`tho*graph"ic (?), Or`tho*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. orthographique, L. orthographus, Gr. 1. Of or pertaining to orthography, or right spelling; also, correct in spelling; as, orthographical rules; the letter was orthographic. 2. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to right lines or angles. Orthographic OR Orthogonal, projection, that projection which is made by drawing lines, from every point to be projected, perpendicular to the plane of projection. Such a projection of the sphere represents its circles as seen in perspective by an eye supposed to be placed at an infinite distance, the plane of projection passing through the center of the sphere perpendicularly to the line of sight. Orthographically Or`tho*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In an orthographical manner: (a) according to the rules of proper spelling; (b) according to orthographic projection. Orthographist Or*thog"ra*phist (?), n. One who spells words correctly; an orthographer. Orthographize Or*thog"ra*phize (?), v. t. To spell correctly or according to usage; to correct in regard to spelling. In the coalesced into ith, which modern reaction has orthographized to i' th'. Earle. Orthography Or*thog"ra*phy (?), n. [OE. ortographie, OF. orthographie, L. orthographia, Gr. Ortho-, and Graphic.] 1. The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious. When spelling no longer follows the pronunciation, but is hardened into orthography. Earle. 2. The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly. 3. A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section. Orthology Or*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. orthologie.] The right description of things. [R.] Fotherby. Orthometric Or`tho*met"ric (?), a. [See Orthometry.] (Crystallog.) Having the axes at right angles to one another; -- said of crystals or crystalline forms. Orthometry Or*thom"e*try (?), n. [Ortho- + -metry.] The art or practice of constructing verses correctly; the laws of correct versification. Orthomorphic Or`tho*mor"phic (?), a. [Ortho- + morphic.] (Geom.) Having the right form. Orthomorphic projection, a projection in which the angles in the figure to be projected are equal to the corresponding angles in the projected figure. Orthopedic, Orthopedical Or`tho*ped"ic (?), Or`tho*ped"ic*al (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to, or employed in, orthopedy; relating to the prevention or cure of deformities of children, or, in general, of the human body at any age; as, orthopedic surgery; an orthopedic hospital. Orthopedist Or*thop"e*dist (?), n. (Med.) One who prevents, cures, or remedies deformities, esp. in children. Orthopedy Or*thop"e*dy (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. (Med.) The art or practice of curing the deformities of children, or, by extension, any deformities of the human body. Orthophony Or*thoph"o*ny (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. The art of correct articulation; voice training. Orthopinacoid Or`tho*pin"a*coid (?), n. [Ortho- + pinacoid.] (Crystallog.) A name given to the two planes in the monoclinic system which are parallel to the vertical and orthodiagonal axes. Orthopn Or`thop*n (?), Or*thop"ny (?), n. [L. orthopnoea, Gr. orthopn\'82e.] (Med.) Specifically, a morbid condition in which respiration can be performed only in an erect posture; by extension, any difficulty of breathing. Orthopoda Or*thop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ortho-, and -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of reptiles which stood erect on the hind legs, and resembled birds in the structure of the feet, pelvis, and other parts. Orthopraxy Or"tho*prax`y (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The treatment of deformities in the human body by mechanical appliances. Orthoptera Or*thop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of mandibulate insects including grasshoppers, locusts, cockroaches, etc. See Illust. under Insect. NOTE: &hand; Th e an terior wings are usually thickened and protect the posterior wings, which are larger and fold longitudinally like a fan. The Orthoptera undergo no metamorphosis. Orthopteran Or*thop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Orthoptera. Orthopterous Or*thop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Orthoptera. Orthorhombic Or`tho*rhom"bic (?), a. [Ortho- + rhombic.] (Crystallog.) Noting the system of crystallization which has three unequal axes at right angles to each other; trimetric. See Crystallization. Orthoscope Or"tho*scope (?), n. [Ortho- + -scope.] (Physyol.) An instrument designed to show the condition of the superficial portions of the eye. Orthoscopic Or`tho*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Giving an image in correct or normal proportions; giving a flat field of view; as, an orthoscopic eyepiece. Orthosilicic Or`tho*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + silicic.] (Chem.) Designating the form of silicic acid having the normal or highest number of hydroxyl groups. Orthospermous Or`tho*sper"mous (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.) Having the seeds straight, as in the fruits of some umbelliferous plants; -- opposed to c\'d2lospermous. Darwin. Orthostade Or"tho*stade (?), n. [Gr. (Anc. Costume) A chiton, or loose, ungirded tunic, falling in straight folds. Orthostichy Or*thos"ti*chy (?), n.; pl. Orthostichies (#). [Ortho- + Gr. (Bot.) A longitudinal rank, or row, of leaves along a stem. Orthotomic Or`tho*tom"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. (Geom.) Cutting at right angles. Orthotomic circle (Geom.), that circle which cuts three given circles at right angles. Orthotomous Or*thot"o*mous (?), a. (Crystallog.) Having two cleavages at right angles with one another. Orthotomy Or*thot"o*my (?), n. (Geom.) The property of cutting at right angles. Orthotone Or"tho*tone (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. (Gr. Gram.) Retaining the accent; not enclitic; -- said of certain indefinite pronouns and adverbs when used interrogatively, which, when not so used, are ordinarilly enclitic. Orthotropal, Orthotropous Or*thot"ro*pal (?), Or*thot"ro*pous (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. orthotrope.] (Bot.) Having the axis of an ovule or seed straight from the hilum and chalaza to the orifice or the micropyle; atropous. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd ha s al so be en us ed (but improperly) to describe any embryo whose radicle points towards, or is next to, the hilum. Orthotropic Or`tho*trop"ic (?), a. [See Orthotropal.] (Bot.) Having the longer axis vertical; -- said of erect stems. Encyc. Brit. Orthoxylene Or`tho*xy"lene (?), n. [Ortho- + xylene.] (Chem.) That variety of xylene in which the two methyl groups are in the ortho position; a colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon resembling benzene. Ortive Or"tive (?), a. [L. ortivus, fr. oriri, ortus, to rise: cf. F. ortive.] Of or relating to the time or act of rising; eastern; as, the ortive amplitude of a planet. Ortolan Or"to*lan (?), n. [F., fr. It. ortolano ortolan, gardener, fr. L. hortulanus gardener, fr. hortulus, dim. of hortus garden. So called because it frequents the hedges of gardens. See Yard an inclosure, and cf. Hortulan.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European singing bird (Emberiza hortulana), about the size of the lark, with black wings. It is esteemed delicious food when fattened. Called also bunting. (b) In England, the wheatear (Saxicola \'d2nanthe). (c) In America, the sora, or Carolina rail (Porzana Carolina). See Sora. Ortygan Or"ty*gan (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of East Indian birds of the genera Ortygis and Hemipodius. They resemble quails, but lack the hind toe. See Turnix. Orval Or"val (?), n. [F. orvale.] (Bot.) A kind of sage (Salvia Horminum). Orvet Or`vet" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The blindworm. Orvietan Or`vi*e"tan (?), n. [F. orvi\'82tan: cf. It. orvietano. So called because invented at Orvieto, in Italy.] A kind of antidote for poisons; a counter poison formerly in vogue. [Obs.] -ory -o*ry (?). [L. -orius: cf. F. -oire.] 1. An adjective suffix meaning of or pertaining to, serving for; as in auditory, pertaining to or serving for hearing; prohibitory, amendatory, etc. 2. [L. -orium: cf. F. -oire.] A noun suffix denoting that which pertains to, or serves for; as in ambulatory, that which serves for walking; consistory, factory, etc. Oryal, Oryall O"ry*al (?), O"ry*all (?), n. See Oriel. Oryctere Or"yc*tere (?), n. [Gr. oryct\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) The aard-vark. Orycterope O*ryc"ter*ope (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Oryctere. Oryctognosy Or`yc*tog"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. Mineralogy. [Obs.] -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic (#), a. -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al (#), a. [Obs.] -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] Oryctography Or`yc*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] Description of fossils. [Obs.] Oryctological Or`yc*to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. oryctologique.] Of or pertaining to oryctology. [Obs.] Oryctologist Or`yc*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in oryctology. [Obs.] Oryctology Or`yc*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. oryctologie.] 1. An old name for paleontology. 2. An old name for mineralogy and geology. Oryx O"ryx (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of African antelopes which includes the gemsbok, the leucoryx, the bisa antelope (O. beisa), and the beatrix antelope (O. beatrix) of Arabia. Oryza O*ry"za (?), n. [L., rice, Gr. Rice.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses including the rice plant; rice. Os Os (?), n.; pl. Ossa (#). [L.] A bone. Os Os, n.; pl. Ora (#). [L.] A mouth; an opening; an entrance. Os Os (?), n.; pl. Osar (#). [Sw. \'86s ridge, chain of hills, pl. \'86sar.] (Geol.) One of the ridges of sand or gravel found in Sweden, etc., supposed by some to be of marine origin, but probably formed by subglacial waters. The osar are similar to the kames of Scotland and the eschars of Ireland. See Eschar. Osage orange O"sage or"ange (?). (Bot.) An ornamental tree of the genus Maclura (M. aurantiaca), closely allied to the mulberry (Morus); also, its fruit. The tree was first found in the country of the Osage Indians, and bears a hard and inedible fruit of an orangelike appearance. See Bois d'arc. Osages O*sa"ges (?), n. pl.; sing. Osage (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of southern Sioux Indians, now living in the Indian Territory. Osanne O*san"ne (?), n. Hosanna. [Obs.] Chaucer. Osar O"sar (?), n. pl. (Geol.) See 3d Os. Oscan Os"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Osci, a primitive people of Campania, a province of ancient Italy. -- n. The language of the Osci. Oscillancy Os"cil*lan*cy (?), n. The state of oscillating; a seesaw kind of motion. [R.] Oscillaria Os`cil*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. oscillare to swing.] (Bot.) A genus of dark green, or purplish black, filamentous, fresh-water alg\'91, the threads of which have an automatic swaying or crawling motion. Called also Oscillatoria. Oscillate Os"cil*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oscillated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oscillating (?).] [L. oscillare to swing, fr. oscillum a swing, a little mask or puppet made to be hung from trees and swing in the wind, prob. orig., a little mouth, a dim. from os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Osculate.] 1. To move backward and forward; to vibrate like a pendulum; to swing; to sway. 2. To vary or fluctuate between fixed limits; to act or move in a fickle or fluctuating manner; to change repeatedly, back and forth. The amount of superior families oscillates rather than changes, that is, it fluctuates within fixed limits. Dc Quincey. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1015 Oscillating Os"cil*la`ting (?), a. That oscillates; vibrating; swinging. Oscillating engine, a steam engine whose cylinder oscillates on trunnions instead of being permanently fixed in a perpendicular or other direction. Weale. Oscillation Os`cil*la"tion (?), n. [L. oscillatio a swinging.] 1. The act of oscillating; a swinging or moving backward and forward, like a pendulum; vibration. 2. Fluctuation; variation; change back and forth. His mind oscillated, undoubtedly; but the extreme points of the oscillation were not very remote. Macaulay. Axis of oscillation, Center of oscillation. See under Axis, and Center. Oscillative Os"cil*la*tive (?), a. Tending to oscillate; vibratory. [R.] I. Taylor. Oscillatoria Os`cil*la*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Oscillatory.] (Bot.) Same as Oscillaria. Oscillatory Os"cil*la*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. oscillatoire. See Oscillate.] Moving, or characterized by motion, backward and forward like a pendulum; swinging; oscillating; vibratory; as, oscillatory motion. Oscine Os"cine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating to the Oscines. Oscines Os"ci*nes (?), n. pl. [L. oscen, -inis.] (Zo\'94l.) Singing birds; a group of the Passeres, having numerous syringeal muscles, conferring musical ability. Oscinian Os*cin"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Oscines, or singing birds. Oscinian Os*cin"i*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of dipterous files of the family Oscinid\'91. NOTE: &hand; So me, wh ose la rv\'91 li ve in the stalks, are very destructive to barley, wheat, and rye; others, as the barley fly (Oscinis frit), destroy the heads of grain. Oscinine Os"ci*nine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Oscines. Oscitancy Os"ci*tan*cy (?), n. [See Oscitant.] 1. The act of gaping or yawning. 2. Drowsiness; dullness; sluggishness. Hallam. It might proceed from the oscitancy of transcribers. Addison. Oscitant Os"ci*tant (?), a. [L. oscitans, -antis, p. pr. of oscitare: cf. F. oscitant.] 1. Yawning; gaping. 2. Sleepy; drowsy; dull; sluggish; careless. He must not be oscitant, but intent on his charge. Barrow. Oscitantly Os"ci*tant*ly, adv. In an oscitant manner. Oscitate Os"ci*tate (?), v. i. [L. oscitare; os the mouth + citare, v. intens. fr. ciere to move.] To gape; to yawn. Oscitation Os`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. oscitatio: cf. F. oscitation.] The act of yawning or gaping. Addison. Osculant Os"cu*lant (?), a. [L. osculans, -antis, p. pr. of osculari to kiss. See Osculate.] 1. Kissing; hence, meeting; clinging. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Adhering closely; embracing; -- applied to certain creeping animals, as caterpillars. 3. (Biol.) Intermediate in character, or on the border, between two genera, groups, families, etc., of animals or plants, and partaking somewhat of the characters of each, thus forming a connecting link; interosculant; as, the genera by which two families approximate are called osculant genera. Osculate Os"cu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Osculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Osculating.] [L. osculatus, p. p. of osculari to kiss, fr. osculum a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Oscillate.] 1. To kiss. 2. (Geom.) To touch closely, so as to have a common curvature at the point of contact. See Osculation, 2. Osculate Os"cu*late, v. i. 1. To kiss one another; to kiss. 2. (Geom.) To touch closely. See Osculation, 2. 3. (Biol.) To have characters in common with two genera or families, so as to form a connecting link between them; to interosculate. See Osculant. Osculation Os`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L. osculatio a kissing: cf. F. osculation.] 1. The act of kissing; a kiss. 2. (Geom.) The contact of one curve with another, when the number of consecutive points of the latter through which the former passes suffices for the complete determination of the former curve. Brande & C. Osculatory Os"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to kissing; kissing. "The osculatory ceremony." Thackeray. 2. (Geom.) Pertaining to, or having the properties of, an osculatrix; capable of osculation; as, a circle may be osculatory with a curve, at a given point. Osculatory circle. (Geom.) See Osculating circle of a curve, under Circle. -- Osculatory plane (to a curve of double curvature), a plane which passes through three successive points of the curve. -- Osculatory sphere (to a line of double curvature), a sphere passing through four consecutive points of the curve. Osculatory Os"cu*la*to*ry, n. [LL. osculatorium. See Osculate.] (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pax, 2. Osculatrix Os`cu*la"trix (?), n.; pl. Osculatrixes (#). [NL.] (Geom.) A curve whose contact with a given curve, at a given point, is of a higher order (or involves the equality of a greater number of successive differential coefficients of the ordinates of the curves taken at that point) than that of any other curve of the same kind. Oscule Os"cule (?), n. [Cf. F. oscule. See Osculum.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the excurrent apertures of sponges. Osculum Os"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. Oscula (#). [L., a little mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Oscule. -ose -ose (?). [L. -osus: cf. F. -ose. Cf. -ous.] 1. A suffix denoting full of, containing, having the qualities of, like; as in verbose, full of words; pilose, hairy; globose, like a globe. 2. (Chem.) A suffix indicating that the substance to the name of wich it is affixed is a member of the carbohydrate group; as in cellulose, sucrose, dextrose, etc. Osier O"sier (?), n. [F. osier: cf. Prov. F. oisis, Armor. ozil, aozil, Gr. vitex, and E. withy.] (Bot.) (a) A kind of willow (Salix viminalis) growing in wet places in Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given to any kind of willow. (b) One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other somilar plants. The rank of osiers by the murmuring stream. Shak. Osier bed, OR Osier holt, a place where willows are grown for basket making. [Eng.] -- Red osier. (a) A kind of willow with reddish twigs (Salix rubra). (b) An American shrub (Cornus stolonifera) which has slender red branches; -- also called osier cornel. Osier O"sier, a. Made of osiers; composed of, or containing, osiers. "This osier cage of ours." Shak. Osiered O"siered (?), a. Covered or adorned with osiers; as, osiered banks. [Poetic] Collins. Osiery O"sier*y (?), n. An osier bed. Osiris O*si"ris (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.) One of the principal divinities of Egypt, the brother and husband of Isis. He was figured as a mummy wearing the royal cap of Upper Egypt, and was symbolized by the sacred bull, called Apis. Cf. Serapis. -- O*sir"i*an (#), a. Osmanli Os"man*li (?), n.; pl. Osmanlis (#). [So called from Osman. See Ottoman.] A Turkish official; one of the dominant tribe of Turks; loosely, any Turk. Osmate Os"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmic acid. [Formerly written also osmiate.] Osmaterium Os`ma*te"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Osmateria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of scent organs which the larv\'91 of certain butterflies emit from the first body segment, either above or below. Osmazome Os"ma*zome (?), n. [Gr. osmaz\'93me.] (Old Chem.) A substance formerly supposed to give to soup and broth their characteristic odor, and probably consisting of one or several of the class of nitrogenous substances which are called extractives. Osmiamate Os`mi*am"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmiamic acid. Osmiamic Os`mi*am"ic (?), a. [Osmium + amido.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid of osmium, H2N2Os2O5, forming a well-known series of yellow salts. Osmic Os"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, osmium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a valence higher than in other lower compounds; as, osmic oxide. Osmic acid. (Chem.) (a) Osmic tetroxide. [Obs.] (b) Osmic acid proper, an acid analogous to sulphuric acid, not known in the free state, but forming a well-known and stable series of salts (osmates), which were formerly improperly called osmites. -- Osmic tetroxide (Chem.), a white volatile crystalline substance, OsO4, the most stable and characteristic of the compounds of osmium. It has a burning taste, and gives off a vapor, which is a powerful irritant poison, violently attacking the eyes, and emitting a strong chlorinelike odor. Formerly improperly called osmic acid. Osmidrosis Os`mi*dro"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) The secretion of fetid sweat. Osmious Os"mi*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Denoting those compounds of osmium in which the element has a valence relatively lower than in the osmic compounds; as, osmious chloride. [Written also osmous.] Osmious acid (Chem.), an acid derived from osmium, analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming unstable salts. It is a brown amorphous substance. Osmite Os"mite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmious acid. Osmium Os"mi*um (?), n. [Gr. Odor.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the platinum group, found native as an alloy in platinum ore, and in iridosmine. It is a hard, infusible, bluish or grayish white metal, and the heaviest substance known. Its tetroxide is used in histological experiments to stain tissues. Symbol Os. Atomic weight 191.1. Specific gravity 22.477. Osmometer Os*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the amount of osmotic action in different liquids. Osmometry Os*mom"e*try (?), n. (Physics) The study of osmose by means of the osmometer. Osmose Os"mose (?), n. [Gr. (Chemical Physics) (a) The tendency in fluids to mix, or become equably diffused, when in contact. It was first observed between fluids of differing densities, and as taking place through a membrane or an intervening porous structure. The more rapid flow from the thinner to the thicker fluid was then called endosmose, and the opposite, slower current, exosmose. Both are, however, results of the same force. Osmose may be regarded as a form of molecular attraction, allied to that of adhesion. (b) The action produced by this tendency.<-- preferred term = osmosis, endosmosis --> Electric osmose, OR Electric endosmose (Elec.), the transportation of a liquid through a porous septum by the action of an electric current. Osmosis Os*mo"sis (?), n. [NL.] Osmose. Osmotic Os*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or having the property of, osmose; as, osmotic force. Osmund Os"mund (?), n. (Bot.) A fern of the genus Osmunda, or flowering fern. The most remarkable species is the osmund royal, or royal fern (Osmunda regalis), which grows in wet or boggy places, and has large bipinnate fronds, often with a panicle of capsules at the top. The rootstock contains much starch, and has been used in stiffening linen.<-- used as a substrate for growing orchids --> Osnaburg Os"na*burg (?), n. A species of coarse linen, originally made in Osnaburg, Germany. Oso-berry O"so-ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The small, blueblack, drupelike fruit of the Nuttallia cerasiformis, a shrub of Oregon and California, belonging to the Cherry tribe of Rosace\'91. Osphradium Os*phra"di*um (?), n.; pl. Osphradia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The olfactory organ of some Mollusca. It is connected with the organ of respiration. Osprey, Ospray Os"prey, Os"pray (?), n. [Through OF. fr. L. ossifraga (orig., the bone breaker); prob. influenced by oripelargus (mountain stork, a kind of eagle, Gr. orpres, and F. orfraie. See Ossifrage.] (Zo\'94l.) The fishhawk. Oss Oss (?), v. i. [See Osse, n.] To prophesy; to presage. [R. & Obs.] R. Edgeworth. Osse Osse (?), n. [Gr. A prophetic or ominous utterance. [R. & Obs.] Holland. Ossean Os"se*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish having a bony skeleton; a teleost. Ossein Os"se*in (?), n. [L. os bone.] (Physiol. Chem.) The organic basis of bone tissue; the residue after removal of the mineral matters from bone by dilute acid; in embryonic tissue, the substance in which the mineral salts are deposited to form bone; -- called also ostein. Chemically it is the same as collagen. Osselet Os"se*let (?), n. [F.] 1. A little bone. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The internal bone, or shell, of a cuttlefish. Osseous Os"se*ous (?), a. [L. osseus, from os, ossis bone; akin to Gr. asthi. Cf. Oyster.] Composed of bone; resembling bone; capable of forming bone; bony; ossific. Osseter Os"se*ter (?), n. [Russ, osetr' sturgeon.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of sturgeon. Ossianic Os`si*an"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, Ossian, a legendary Erse or Celtic bard. The compositions might be fairly classed as Ossianic. G. Eliot. Ossicle Os"si*cle (?), n. [L. ossiculum, dim. of os, ossis, a bone.] 1. A little bone; as, the auditory ossicles in the tympanum of the ear. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous small calcareous structures forming the skeleton of certain echinoderms, as the starfishes. Ossiculated Os*sic"u*la`ted (?), a. Having small bones. Ossiculum Os*sic"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Ossicula (#). [L., a little bone.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ossicle. Ossiferous Os*sif"er*ous (?), a. [L. os, ossis, a bone + -ferous: cf. F. ossif\'8are.] Containing or yielding bone. Ossific Os*sif"ic (?), a. [L. os, ossis, bone + facere to make: cf. F. ossifique. See Fact.] Capable of producing bone; having the power to change cartilage or other tissue into bone. Ossification Os`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ossification. See Ossify.] 1. (Physiol.) The formation of bone; the process, in the growth of an animal, by which inorganic material (mainly lime salts) is deposited in cartilage or membrane, forming bony tissue; ostosis. NOTE: &hand; Be sides th e na tural ossification of growing tissue, there is the so-called accidental ossification which sometimes follows certain abnormal conditions, as in the ossification of an artery. 2. The state of being changed into a bony substance; also, a mass or point of ossified tissue. Ossified Os"si*fied (?), a. Changed to bone or something resembling bone; hardened by deposits of mineral matter of any kind; -- said of tissues. Ossifrage Os"si*frage (?), n. [L. ossifraga, ossifragus, osprey, fr. ossifragus bone breaking; os, ossis, a bone + frangere, fractum, to break. See Osseous, Break, and cf. Osprey, Ossifragous.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lammergeir. (b) The young of the sea eagle or bald eagle. [Obs.] Ossifragous Os*sif"ra*gous (?), a. [L. ossifragus. See Ossifrage.] Serving to break bones; bone-breaking. Ossify Os"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ossified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ossifying (?).] [L. os, ossis, bone + -fy: cf. F. ossifier. See Osseous.] 1. (Physiol.) To form into bone; to change from a soft animal substance into bone, as by the deposition of lime salts. 2. Fig.: To harden; as, to ossify the heart. Ruskin. Ossify Os"si*fy, v. i. (Physiol.) To become bone; to change from a soft tissue to a hard bony tissue. Ossifying Os"si*fy`ing (?), a. (Physiol.) Changing into bone; becoming bone; as, the ossifying process. Ossivorous Os*siv"o*rous (?), a. [L. os, ossis, bone + vorare to devour: cf. F. ossivore.] Feeding on bones; eating bones; as, ossivorous quadrupeds. Derham. Osspringer Os"spring*er (?), n. The osprey. [R.] Ossuarium Os`su*a"ri*um (?), n. [L.] A charnel house; an ossuary. Walpole. Ossuary Os"su*a*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [L. ossuarium, fr. ossuarius of or bones, fr. os, ossis, bone: cf. F. ossuaire.] A place where the bones of the dead are deposited; a charnel house. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Ost Ost (?), n. See Oast. Osteal Os"te*al (?), a. [Gr. Osseous. Ostein Os"te*in (?), n. [Gr. Ossein. Osteitis Os`te*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Osteo-, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of bone. Osteler Os"tel*er (?), n. Same as Hosteler. Wyclif. Ostend Os*tend" (?), v. t. [L. ostendere to show.] To exhibit; to manifest. [Obs.] Mercy to mean offenders we'll ostend. J. Webster. Ostensibility Os*ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being ostensible. Ostensible Os*ten"si*ble (?), a. [From L. ostensus, p. p. of ostendere to show, prop., to stretch out before; fr. prefix obs- (old form of ob-) + tendere to stretch. See Tend.] 1. Capable of being shown; proper or intended to be shown. [R.] Walpole. 2. Shown; exhibited; declared; avowed; professed; apparent; -- often used as opposed to real or actual; as, an ostensible reason, motive, or aim. D. Ramsay. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1016 Ostensibly Os*ten"si*bly (?), adv. In an ostensible manner; avowedly; professedly; apparently. Walsh. Ostensibly, we were intended to prevent filibustering into Texas, but really as a menace to Mexico. U. S. Grant. Ostension Os*ten"sion (?), n. [L. ostensio a showing: cf. F. ostension. See Ostend.] (Eccl.) The showing of the sacrament on the altar in order that it may receive the adoration of the communicants. Ostensive Os*ten"sive (?), a. Showing; exhibiting. Ostensive demonstration (Math.), a direct or positive demonstration, as opposed to the apagogical or indirect method. Ostensively Os*ten"sive*ly, adv. In an ostensive manner. Ostensorium, Ostensory Os`ten*so"ri*um (?), Os*ten"so*ry (?), n.; pl. L. -soria (#), E. -sories (#). [NL. ostensorium: cf. F. ostensoir. See Ostensible.] (R. C. Ch.) Same as Monstrance. Ostent Os"tent (?), n. [L. ostentus, ostentum, fr. ostendere (p. p. ostensus and ostentus) to show. See Ostensible.] 1. Appearance; air; mien. Shak. 2. Manifestation; token; portent. Dryden. We asked of God that some ostent might clear Our cloudy business, who gave us sign. Chapman. Ostentate Os"ten*tate (?), v. t. [L. ostentatus, p. p. of ostentare, v. intens. fr. ostendere. See Ostent.] To make an ambitious display of; to show or exhibit boastingly. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Ostentation Os`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [L. ostentatio: cf. F. ostentation.] 1. The act of ostentating or of making an ambitious display; unnecessary show; pretentious parade; -- usually in a detractive sense. "Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm." Milton. He knew that good and bountiful minds were sometimes inclined to ostentation. Atterbury. 2. A show or spectacle. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Parade; pageantry; show; pomp; pompousness; vaunting; boasting. See Parade. Ostentatious Os`ten*ta"tious (?), a. Fond of, or evincing, ostentation; unduly conspicuous; pretentious; boastful. Far from being ostentatious of the good you do. Dryden. The ostentatious professions of many years. Macaulay. -- Os`ten*ta"tious*ly, adv. -- Os`ten*ta"tious*ness, n. Ostentator Os"ten*ta`tor (?), n. [L.] One fond of display; a boaster. Sherwood. Ostentive Os*ten"tive (?), a. Ostentatious. [Obs.] Ostentous Os*ten"tous (?), a. Ostentatious. [Obs.] Feltham. Osteo- Os"te*o-. A combining form of Gr. a bone. Osteoblast Os"te*o*blast (?), n. [Osteo- + -blast.] (Anat.) One of the protoplasmic cells which occur in the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum, and from or around which the matrix of the bone is developed; an osteoplast. Osteoclasis Os`te*o*cla"sis (?), n. [NL. See Osteoclast.] (Surg.) The operation of breaking a bone in order to correct deformity. Osteoclast Os"te*o*clast (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. 1. (Physiol.) A myeloplax. NOTE: &hand; Th e os teoclasts oc cur us ually in pits or cavities which they appear to have excavated, and are supposed to be concerned in the absorption of the bone matrix. 2. An instrument for performing osteoclasis. Osteocolla Os`te*o*col"la (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. 1. A kind of glue obtained from bones. Ure. 2. A cellular calc tufa, which in some places forms incrustations on the stems of plants, -- formerly supposed to have the quality of uniting fractured bones. Osteocomma Os`te*o*com"ma (?), n.; pl. L. Osteocommata (#), E. Osteocommas (#). [NL. See Osteo-, and Comma.] (Anat.) A metamere of the vertebrate skeleton; an osteomere; a vertebra. Owen. Osteocope Os"te*o*cope (?), n. [Gr. ost\'82ocope.] (Med.) Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone. -- Os`te*o*cop"ic (#), a. Osteocranium Os`te*o*cra"ni*um (?), n. [Osteo- + cranium.] (Anat.) The bony cranium, as distinguished from the cartilaginous cranium. Osteodentine Os`te*o*den"tine (?), n. [Osteo- + denite.] (Anat.) A hard substance, somewhat like bone, which is sometimes deposited within the pulp cavity of teeth. Osteogen Os"te*o*gen (?), n. [Osteo- + -gen.] (Physiol.) The soft tissue, or substance, which, in developing bone, ultimately undergoes ossification. Osteogenesis, Osteogeny Os`te*o*gen"e*sis (?), Os`te*og"e*ny (?), n. [Osteo- + genesis, or the root of Gr. ost\'82og\'82nie.] (Physiol.) The formation or growth of bone. Osteogenetic Os`te*o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Connected with osteogenesis, or the formation of bone; producing bone; as, osteogenetic tissue; the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum. Osteogenic Os`te*o*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Osteogenetic. Osteographer Os`te*og"ra*pher (?), n. An osteologist. Osteography Os`te*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Osteo- + -graphy.] The description of bones; osteology. Osteoid Os"te*oid (?), a. [Osteo- + -oid: cf. Gr. (Anat.) Resembling bone; bonelike. Osteolite Os"te*o*lite (?), n. [Osteo- + -lite.] (Min.) A massive impure apatite, or calcium phosphate. Osteologer Os`te*ol"o*ger (?), n. One versed in osteology; an osteologist. Osteologic, Osteological Os`te*o*log"ic (?), Os`te*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ost\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to osteology. -- Os`te*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Osteologist Os`te*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who is skilled in osteology; an osteologer. Osteology Os`te*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Osteo- + -logy: cf. F. ost\'82ologie.] The science which treats of the bones of the vertebrate skeleton. Osteoma Os`te*o"ma (?), n.; pl. Osteomata (#). [NL. See Osteo-, and -oma.] (Med.) A tumor composed mainly of bone; a tumor of a bone. Osteomalacia Os`te*o*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the bones, in which they lose their earthy material, and become soft, flexible, and distorted. Also called malacia. Osteomanty Os"te*o*man`ty (?), n. [Osteo- Gr. Divination by means of bones. [R.] Osteomere Os"te*o*mere (?), n. [Osteo- + -mere.] (Anat.) An osteocomma. Owen. Osteophone Os"te*o*phone (?), n. [Gr. An instrument for transmission of auditory vibrations through the bones of the head, so as to be appreciated as sounds by persons deaf from causes other than those affecting the nervous apparatus of hearing. Osteoplast Os"te*o*plast (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. (Anat.) An osteoblast. Osteoplastic Os`te*o*plas"tic (?), a. [Osteo- + -plastic.] 1. (Physiol.) Producing bone; as, osteoplastic cells. 2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the replacement of bone; as, an osteoplastic operation. Osteoplasty Os"te*o*plas`ty (?), n. [Osteo- + -plasty.] (Med.) An operation or process by which the total or partial loss of a bone is remedied. Dunglison. Osteopterygious Os`te*op`ter*yg"i*ous (?), a. [Osteo- Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having bones in the fins, as certain fishes. Osteosarcoma Os`te*o*sar*co"ma (?), n.; pl. Osteosarcomata (#). [NL. See Osteo-, and sarcoma.] (Med.) A tumor having the structure of a sacroma in which there is a deposit of bone; sarcoma connected with bone. Osteotome Os"te*o*tome (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. (Surg.) Strong nippers or a chisel for dividing bone. Osteotomist Os`te*ot"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in osteotomy. Osteotomy Os`te*ot"o*my (?), n. 1. The dissection or anatomy of bones; osteology. 2. (Surg.) The operation of dividing a bone or of cutting a piece out of it, -- done to remedy deformity, etc. Osteozoa Os`te*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Vertebrata. Ostiary Os"ti*a*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [L. ostium door, entrance. See Usher.] 1. The mouth of a river; an estuary. [R.] Sir T. Browne. 2. One who keeps the door, especially the door of a church; a porter. N. Bacon. Ostic Os"tic (?), a. [From North American Indian oshtegwon a head.] Pertaining to, or applied to, the language of the Tuscaroras, Iroquois, Wyandots, Winnebagoes, and a part of the Sioux Indians. Schoolcraft. Ostiole Os"ti*ole (?), n. [L. ostiolum a little door, dim. of ostium a door: cf. F. ostiole.] (Bot.) (a) The exterior opening of a stomate. See Stomate. (b) Any small orifice. Ostitis Os*ti"tis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) See Osteitis. Ostium Os"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Ostia (#). [L.] (Anat.) An opening; a passage. Ostler Ost"ler (?), n. See Hostler. Ostleress Ost"ler*ess, n. A female ostler. [R.] Tennyson. Ostlery Ost"ler*y (?), n. See Hostelry. [Obs.] Ostmen Ost"men (?), n. pl.; sing. Ostman. [See East, and Man.] East men; Danish settlers in Ireland, formerly so called. Lyttelton. Ostosis Os*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Physiol.) Bone formation; ossification. See Ectostosis, and Endostosis. Ostracea Os*tra"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of bivalve mollusks including the oysters and allied shells. Ostracean Os*tra"cean (?), n. [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a family of bivalves, of which the oyster is the type. Ostracion Os*tra"ci*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of plectognath fishes having the body covered with solid, immovable, bony plates. It includes the trunkfishes. Ostraciont Os*tra"ci*ont (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Ostracion and allied genera. Ostracism Os"tra*cism (?), n. [Gr. Ostracize.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) Banishment by popular vote, -- a means adopted at Athens to rid the city of a person whose talent and influence gave umbrage. 2. Banishment; exclusion; as, social ostracism. Public envy is as an ostracism, that eclipseth men when they grow too great. Bacon. Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from the . . . confidence, and honors, and emoluments of his country. A. Hamilton. Ostracite Os"tra*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil oyster. Ostracize Os"tra*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ostracized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ostracizing (?).] [Gr. Osseous, Oyster.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) To exile by ostracism; to banish by a popular vote, as at Athens. Grote. 2. To banish from society; to put under the ban; to cast out from social, political, or private favor; as, he was ostracized by his former friends. Marvell. Ostracoda Os*trac"o*da (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Ostracoidea. Ostracodermi Os`tra*coder"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of fishes of which Ostracion is the type. Ostracoid Os"tra*coid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ostracoidea. -- n. One of the Ostracoidea. Ostracoidea Os`tra*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Entomostraca possessing hard bivalve shells. They are of small size, and swim freely about. [Written also Ostracoda.] Ostrea Os"tre*a (?), n. [L., an oyster.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of bivalve Mollusca which includes the true oysters. Ostreaceous Os`tre*a"ceous (?), a. [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an oyster, or to a shell; shelly. The crustaceous or ostreaceous body. Cudworth. Ostreaculture Os"tre*a*cul`ture (?), n. The artificial cultivation of oysters. Ostreophagist Os`tre*oph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who feeds on oysters. Ostrich Os"trich (?), n. [OE. ostriche, ostrice, OF. ostruche, ostruce, F. autruche, L. avis struthio; avis bird + struthio ostrich, fr. Gr. Aviary, Struthious.] [Formerly written also estrich.] (Zo\'94l.) A large bird of the genus Struthio, of which Struthio camelus of Africa is the best known species. It has long and very strong legs, adapted for rapid running; only two toes; a long neck, nearly bare of feathers; and short wings incapable of flight. The adult male is about eight feet high. NOTE: &hand; The South African ostrich (Struthio australis) and the Asiatic ostrich are considered distinct species by some authors. Ostriches are now domesticated in South Africa in large numbers for the sake of their plumes. The body of the male is covered with elegant black plumose feathers, while the wings and tail furnish the most valuable white plumes. Ostrich farm, a farm on which ostriches are bred for the sake of their feathers, oil, eggs, etc. -- Ostrich farming, the occupation of breeding ostriches for the sake of their feathers, etc. -- Ostrich fern (Bot.) a kind of fern (Onoclea Struthiopteris), the tall fronds of which grow in a circle from the rootstock. It is found in alluvial soil in Europe and North America. Ostriferous Os*trif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ostrifer; ostrea oyster + ferre.] Producing oysters; containing oysters. Ostrogoth Os"tro*goth (?), n. [L. Ostrogothi, pl. See East, and Goth.] One of the Eastern Goths. See Goth. Ostrogothic Os`tro*goth"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Ostrogoths. Oswego tea Os*we"go tea" (?). (Bot.) An American aromatic herb (Monarda didyma), with showy, bright red, labiate flowers. Otacoustic Ot`a*cous"tic (?), a. [Oto- + acoustic: cf. F. otacoustique.] Assisting the sense of hearing; as, an otacoustic instrument. Otacoustic, Otacousticon Ot`a*cous"tic (?), Ot`a*cous"ti*con (?), n. An instrument to facilitate hearing, as an ear trumpet. Otaheite apple O`ta*hei"te ap"ple (?). [So named from Otaheite, or Tahiti, one of the Society Islands.] (Bot.) (a) The fruit of a Polynesian anacardiaceous tree (Spondias dulcis), also called vi-apple. It is rather larger than an apple, and the rind has a flavor of turpentine, but the flesh is said to taste like pineapples. (b) A West Indian name for a myrtaceous tree (Jambosa Malaccensis) which bears crimson berries. Otalgia O*tal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. otalgie.] (Med.) Pain in the ear; earache. Otalgic O*tal"gic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to otalgia. -- n. A remedy for otalgia. Otalgy O*tal"gy (?), n. Pain in the ear; otalgia. Otary O"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Otaries (#). [Gr. otarie.] (Zo\'94l.) Any eared seal. Otheoscope O"the*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physics) An instrument for exhibiting the repulsive action produced by light or heat in an exhausted vessel; a modification of the radoimeter. W. Crookes. Other Oth"er (?) conj. [See Or.] Either; -- used with other or or for its correlative (as either . . . or are now used). [Obs.] Other of chalk, other of glass. Chaucer. Other Oth"er, pron. & a. [AS. ; akin to OS. \'be, , D. & G. ander, OHG. andar, Icel. annarr, Sw. annan, Dan. anden, Goth. an, Skr. antara: cf. L. alter; all orig. comparatives: cf. Skr. anya other. &root;180. Cf. Alter.] [Formerly other was used both as singular and plural.] 1. Different from that which, or the one who, has been specified; not the same; not identical; additional; second of two. Each of them made other for to win. Chaucer. Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. 39. 2. Not this, but the contrary; opposite; as, the other side of a river. 3. Alternate; second; -- used esp. in connection with every; as, every other day, that is, each alternate day, every second day. 4. Left, as opposed to right. [Obs.] A distaff in her other hand she had. Spenser. NOTE: &hand; Ot her is a co rrelative ad jective, or ad jective pronoun, often in contrast with one, some, that, this, etc. The one shall be taken, and the other left. Matt. xxiv. 4 And some fell among thorns . . . but other fell into good ground. Matt. xiii. 7, 8. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1017 It is also used, by ellipsis, with a noun, expressed or understood. To write this, or to design the other. Dryden. It is written with the indefinite article as one word, another; is used with each, indicating a reciprocal action or relation; and is employed absolutely, or eliptically for other thing, or other person, in which case it may have a plural. The fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. Ps. xlix. 10. If he is trimming, others are true. Thackeray. Other is sometimes followed by but, beside, or besides; but oftener by than. No other but such a one as he. Coleridge. Other lords beside thee have had dominion over us. Is. xxvi. 13. For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid. 1 Cor. iii. 11. The whole seven years of . . . ignominy had been little other than a preparation for this very hour. Hawthorne. Other some, some others. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] -- The other day, at a certain time past, not distant, but indefinite; not long ago; recently; rarely, the third day past. Bind my hair up: as't was yesterday? No, nor t' other day. B. Jonson. Other Oth"er (?), adv. Otherwise. "It shall none other be." Chaucer. "If you think other." Shak. Othergates Oth"er*gates` (?), adv. [Other + gate way. See wards.] In another manner. [Obs.] He would have tickled you othergates. Shak. Otherguise, Otherguess Oth"er*guise` (?), Oth"er*guess` (?), a. & adv. [A corruption of othergates.] Of another kind or sort; in another way. "Otherguess arguments." Berkeley. Otherness Oth"er*ness, n. The quality or state of being other or different; alterity; oppositeness. Otherways Oth"er*ways` (?), adv. See Otherwise. Tyndale. Otherwhere Oth"er*where` (?), adv. In or to some other place, or places; elsewhere. Milton. Tennyson. Otherwhile, Otherwhiles Oth"er*while` (?), Oth"er*whiles` (?), adv. At another time, or other times; sometimes; [Archaic] Weighing otherwhiles ten pounds and more. Holland. Otherwise Oth"er*wise` (?), adv. [Other + wise manner.] 1. In a different manner; in another way, or in other ways; differently; contrarily. Chaucer. Thy father was a worthy prince, And merited, alas! a better fate; But Heaven thought otherwise. Addison. 2. In other respects. It is said, truly, that the best men otherwise are not always the best in regard of society. Hooker. 3. In different circumstances; under other conditions; as, I am engaged, otherwise I would accept. NOTE: &hand; Ot herwise, li ke so an d th us, ma y be us ed as a substitute for the opposite of a previous adjective, noun, etc. Let no man think me a fool; if otherwise, yet as a fool receive me. 2 Cor. xi. 16. Her eyebrows . . . rather full than otherwise. Fielding. Othman Oth"man (?), n. & a. See Ottoman. Otic O"tic (?), a. [Gr. otique.] Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the ear; auricular; auditory. Otiose O"ti*ose` (?), a. [L. otiosus, fr. otium ease.] Being at leisure or ease; unemployed; indolent; idle. "Otiose assent." Paley. The true keeping of the Sabbath was not that otiose and unAlford. Otiosity O`ti*os"ity (?), n. [L. otiositas.] Leisure; indolence; idleness; ease. [R.] Thackeray. Otis O"tis (?), n. [L., a kind of bustard, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the bustards. Otitis O*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the ear. Oto- O"to- (?). [Gr. A combining form denoting relation to, or situation near or in, the ear. Otoba fat O*to"ba fat` (?). (Chem.) A colorless buttery substance obtained from the fruit of Myristica otoba, a species of nutmeg tree. Otoconite O*toc"o*nite (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.) (a) A mass of otoliths. (b) An otolith. Otocrane O"to*crane (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.) The cavity in the skull in which the parts of the internal ear are lodged. Otocranial O`to*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the otocrane. Otocyst O"to*cyst (?), n. [Oto- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) An auditory cyst or vesicle; one of the simple auditory organs of many invertebrates, containing a fluid and otoliths; also, the embryonic vesicle from which the parts of the internal ear of vertebrates are developed. Otography O*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Oto- + -graphy.] A description of the ear. Otolith, Otolite O"to*lith (?), O"to*lite (?), n. [Oto- + -lith, -lite.] (Anat.) One of the small bones or particles of calcareous or other hard substance in the internal ear of vertebrates, and in the auditory organs of many invertebrates; an ear stone. Collectively, the otoliths are called ear sand and otoconite. Otolithic, Otolitic O`to*lith"ic (?), O`to*lit"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to otoliths. Otological O`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining tootology. Otologist O*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in otology; an aurist. Otology O*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Oto- + -logy.] The branch of science which treats of the ear and its diseases. Otopathy O*top"a*thy (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. (Med.) A diseased condition of the ear. Otorrh O`tor*rh (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A flow or running from the ear, esp. a purulent discharge. Otoscope O"to*scope (?), n. [Oto- + -scope.] An instrument for examining the condition of the ear. Otoscopeic O`to*scope"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the otoscope or to otoscopy. Otoscopy O*tos"co*py (?), n. (Med.) The examination of the ear; the art of using the otoscope. Otosteal O*tos"te*al (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. (Anat.) An auditory ossicle. R. Owen. Otozoum O`to*zo"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of huge vertebrates, probably dinosaurs, known only from four-toed tracks in Triassic sandstones. Ottar Ot"tar (?), n. See Attar. Ottawas Ot"ta*was (?), n. pl.; sing. Ottawa (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who, when first known, lived on the Ottawa River. Most of them subsequently migrated to the southwestern shore of Lake Superior. Otter Ot"ter (?), n. [OE. oter, AS. Otor; akin to D. & G. otter, Icel. otr, Dan. odder, Sw. utter, Lith. udra, Russ, vuidra, Gr. udra otter, and also to E. water. Water, and cf. Hydra.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any carnivorous animal of the genus Lutra, and related genera. Several species are described. They have large, flattish heads, short ears, and webbed toes. They are aquatic, and feed on fish. Their fur is soft and valuable. The common otter of Europe is Lutra vulgaris; the American otter is L. Canadensis; other species inhabit South America and Asia. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of the ghost moth. It is very injurious to hop vines. Otter hound, Otter dog (Zo\'94l.), a small breed of hounds, used in England for hunting otters. -- Otter sheep. See Ancon sheep, under Ancon. -- Otter shell (Zo\'94l.), very large bivalve mollusk (Schizoth\'91rus Nuttallii) found on the northwest coast of America. It is excellent food, and is extensively used by the Indians. -- Sea otter. (Zo\'94l.) See in the Vocabulary. Otter Ot"ter, n. A corruption of Annotto. Otto Ot"to (?), n. See Attar. Ottoman Ot"to*man (?), a. [F. ottoman: cf. It. ottomano, ottomanno; -- from Othoman, Othman, or Osman, the name of a sultan who assumed the government of Turkey about the year 1300. Cf. Osmanli, Ottoman a stuffed seat.] Of or pertaining to the Turks; as, the Ottoman power or empire. Ottoman Ot"to*man, n.; pl. Ottomans (. 1. A Turk. 2. [F. ottomane, from ottoman Turkish.] A stuffed seat without a back, originally used in Turkey. Ottomite Ot"to*mite (?), n. An Ottoman. [R.] Shak. Ottrelite Ot"trel*ite (?), n. [From Ottrez, on the borders of Luxembourg.] (Min.) A micaceous mineral occurring in small scales. It is characteristic of certain crystalline schists. Ouakari Oua*ka"ri (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any South American monkey of the genus Brachyurus, especially B. ouakari. Ouanderoo Ouan`der*oo" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wanderoo. Ouarine Oua`rine" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A Brazilian monkey of the genus Mycetes. <-- #sic. Why is genus name not italicised? --> Oubliette Ou`bli`ette" (?), n. [F., fr. oublier to forget, fr. (assumed) LL. oblitare, L. oblivisci, p. p. oblitus.] A dungeon with an opening only at the top, found in some old castles and other strongholds, into which persons condemned to perpetual imprisonment, or to perish secretly, were thrust, or lured to fall. Sudden in the sun An oubliette winks. Where is he? Gone. Mrs. Browning. Ouch Ouch (?), n. [OE. ouch, nouche (a nouch being taken for an ouch: cf. Adder), fr. OF. nusche, nosche, nousche, buckle, clasp, LL. nusca, fr. OHG. nusca, nuscha.] A socket or bezel holding a precious stone; hence, a jewel or ornament worn on the person. A precious stone in a rich ouche. Sir T. Elyot. Your brooches, pearls, and ouches. Shak. Oughne Ough"ne (?), a. Own. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ought Ought (?), n. & adv. See Aught. Ought Ought, imp., p. p., or auxiliary. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. \'behte. &root;110. See Owe.] 1. Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Obs.] This due obedience which they ought to the king. Tyndale. The love and duty I long have ought you. Spelman. [He] said . . . you ought him a thousand pound. Shak. 2. Owned; possessed. [Obs.] The knight the which that castle ought. Spenser. 3. To be bound in duty or by moral obligation. We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak. Rom. xv. 1. 4. To be necessary, fit, becoming, or expedient; to behoove; -- in this sense formerly sometimes used impersonally or without a subject expressed. "Well ought us work." Chaucer. To speak of this as it ought, would ask a volume. Milton. Ought not Christ to have suffered these things? Luke xxiv. 26. NOTE: &hand; Ou ght is no w chiefly employed as an auxiliary verb, expressing fitness, expediency, propriety, moral obligation, or the like, in the action or state indicated by the principal verb. Syn. -- Ought, Should. Both words imply obligation, but ought is the stronger. Should may imply merely an obligation of propriety, expendiency, etc.; ought denotes an obligation of duty. Oughtness Ought"ness (?), n. The state of being as a thing ought to be; rightness. [R.] N. W. Taylor. Oughwhere Ough"where` (?), adv. [AS. \'behw\'91r.] Anywhere; somewhere. See Owher. [Obs.] Ouistiti Ouis"ti*ti (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Wistit. Oul Oul (?), n. An awl. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oul Oul, n. An owl. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oulachan Ou"la*chan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Eulachon. Ounce Ounce (?), n. [F. once, fr. L. uncia a twelfth, the twelfth part of a pound or of a foot: cf. Gr. Inch, Oke.] 1. A weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and containing 437 2. (Troy Weight) The twelfth part of a troy pound. NOTE: &hand; Th e tr oy ounce contains twenty pennyweights, each of twenty-four grains, or, in all, 480 grains, and is the twelfth part of the troy pound. The troy ounce is also a weight in apothecaries' weight. [Troy ounce is sometimes written as one word, troyounce.] 3. Fig.: A small portion; a bit. [Obs.] By ounces hung his locks that he had. Chaucer. Fluid ounce. See under Fluid, n. Ounce Ounce, n. [F. once; cf. It. lonza, Sp. onza; prob. for lonce, taken as l'once, fr. L. lynx, Gr. lyncea, from lynx. Cf. Lynx.] (Zo\'94l.) A feline quadruped (Felis irbis, OR uncia) resembling the leopard in size, and somewhat in color, but it has longer and thicker fur, which forms a short mane on the back. The ounce is pale yellowish gray, with irregular dark spots on the neck and limbs, and dark rings on the body. It inhabits the lofty mountain ranges of Asia. Called also once. Ounded, Oundy Ound"ed (?), Oun"dy (?), a. [F. ond\'82, -\'82e, fr. onde, L. unda, a wave.] Wavy; waving [Obs.] "Owndie hair." Chaucer. Ounding Ound"ing (?), vb. n. Waving. [Obs.] Ounding, paling, winding, or bending . . . of cloth. Chaucer. Ouphe Ouphe (?), n. [See Auf.] A fairy; a goblin; an elf. [Obs.] "Like urchins, ouphes, and fairies." Shak. Ouphen Ouph"en (?), a. Elfish. [Obs.] Our Our (?), possessive pron. [AS. our, of us; akin to us, to us, and to G. unser our, of us, Goth. unsara. &root;186 See Us.] Of or pertaining to us; belonging to us; as, our country; our rights; our troops; our endeavors. See I. The Lord is our defense. Ps. lxxxix. 18. NOTE: &hand; Wh en th e no un is not expressed, ours is used in the same way as hers for her, yours for your, etc.; as, whose house is that? It is ours. Our wills are ours, we known not how. Tennyson. -our -our (?). [OF. -our.] See -or. Ourang Ou*rang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The orang-outang. Ourang-outang Ou*rang"-ou*tang` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Orang-outang. Ouranographist Ou`ra*nog"ra*phist (?), n. See Uranographist. Ouranography Ou`ra*nog"ra*phy (?), n. See Uranography. Ourebi Ou"re*bi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, graceful, and swift African antelope, allied to the klipspringer. Ouretic Ou*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. Uretic.] (Chem.) Uric. Ourology Ou*rol"o*gy (?), n. See Urology. Ouroscopy Ou*ros"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] Ourology. Ours Ours (?), possessive pron. See Note under Our. Ourselves Our*selves" (?), pron.; sing. Ourself (we; also, alone in the predicate, in the nominative or the objective case. We ourselves might distinctly number in words a great deal further then we usually do. Locke. Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we stand. Dryden. NOTE: &hand; Th e fo rm ourself is usec only in the regal or formal style after we or us, denoting a single person. Unless we would denude ourself of all force. Clarendon. -ous -ous (?). [OF. -ous, us, -os, F. -eux, fr. L. -osus, and -us. Cf. -ose.] 1. An adjective suffix meaning full of, abounding in, having, possessing the qualities of, like; as in gracious, abounding in grace; arduous, full of ardor; bulbous, having bulbs, bulblike; riotous, poisonous, piteous, joyous, etc. 2. (Chem.) A suffix denoting that the element indicated by the name bearing it, has a valence lower than that denoted by the termination -ic; as, nitrous, sulphurous, etc., as contrasted with nitric, sulphuric, etc. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1018 Ouse Ouse (?), n. & v. See Ooze. [Obs.] Ousel Ou"sel (?), n. [OE. osel, AS. ; akin to G. amsel, OHG. amsala, and perh. to L. merula blackbird. Cf. Merle, Amsel.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of European thrushes, especially the blackbird (Merula merula, or Turdus merula), and the mountain or ring ousel (Turdus torquatus). [Written also ouzel.] Rock ousel (Zo\'94l.), the ring ousel. -- Water ousel (Zo\'94l.), the European dipper (Cinclus aquaticus), and the American dipper (C. Mexicanus). Oust Oust (?), n. See Oast. Oust Oust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ousted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ousting.] [OF. oster, F. \'93ter, prob. fr. L. obstare to oppose, hence, to forbid, take away. See Obstacle, and cf. Ouster.] 1. To take away; to remove. Multiplication of actions upon the case were rare, formerly, and thereby wager of law ousted. Sir M. Hale. 2. To eject; to turn out. Blackstone. From mine own earldom foully ousted me. Tennyson. Ouster Oust"er (?), n. [Prob. fr. the OF. infin. oster, used substantively. See Oust.] A putting out of possession; dispossession; ejection; disseizin. Ouster of the freehold is effected by abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontinuance, or deforcement. Blackstone. Ouster le main. [Ouster + F. la main the hand, L. manus.] (Law) A delivery of lands out of the hands of a guardian, or out of the king's hands, or a judgement given for that purpose. Blackstone. Out Out (?), adv. [OE. out, ut, oute, ute, AS. , and , , fr. ; akin to D. uit, OS. , G. aus, OHG. -, Icel. , Sw. ut, Dan. ud, Goth. ut, Skr. ud. About, But, prep., Carouse, Utter, a.] In its original and strict sense, out means from the interior of something; beyond the limits or boundary of somethings; in a position or relation which is exterior to something; -- opposed to in or into. The something may be expressed after of, from, etc. (see Out of, below); or, if not expressed, it is implied; as, he is out; or, he is out of the house, office, business, etc.; he came out; or, he came out from the ship, meeting, sect, party, etc. Out is used in a variety of applications, as: -- 1. Away; abroad; off; from home, or from a certain, or a usual, place; not in; not in a particular, or a usual, place; as, the proprietor is out, his team was taken out. "My shoulder blade is out." Shak. He hath been out (of the country) nine years. Shak. 2. Beyond the limits of concealment, confinement, privacy, constraint, etc., actual of figurative; hence, not in concealment, constraint, etc., in, or into, a state of freedom, openness, disclosure, publicity, etc.; as, the sun shines out; he laughed out, to be out at the elbows; the secret has leaked out, or is out; the disease broke out on his face; the book is out. Leaves are out and perfect in a month. Bacon. She has not been out [in general society] very long. H. James. 3. Beyond the limit of existence, continuance, or supply; to the end; completely; hence, in, or into, a condition of extinction, exhaustion, completion; as, the fuel, or the fire, has burned out. "Hear me out." Dryden. Deceitiful men shall not live out half their days. Ps. iv. 23. When the butt is out, we will drink water. Shak. 4. Beyond possession, control, or occupation; hence, in, or into, a state of want, loss, or deprivation; -- used of office, business, property, knowledge, etc.; as, the Democrats went out and the Whigs came in; he put his money out at interest. "Land that is out at rack rent." Locke. "He was out fifty pounds." Bp. Fell. I have forgot my part, and I am out. Shak. 5. Beyond the bounds of what is true, reasonable, correct, proper, common, etc.; in error or mistake; in a wrong or incorrect position or opinion; in a state of disagreement, opposition, etc.; in an inharmonious relation. "Lancelot and I are out." Shak. Wicked men are strangely out in the calculating of their own interest. South. Very seldom out, in these his guesses. Addison. 6. Not in the position to score in playing a game; not in the state or turn of the play for counting or gaining scores. NOTE: &hand; Ou t is largely used in composition as a prefix, with the same significations that it has as a separate word; as outbound, outbreak, outbuilding, outcome, outdo, outdoor, outfield. See also the first Note under Over, adv. Day in, day out, from the beginning to the limit of each of several days; day by day; every day. -- Out and out. (a) adv. Completely; wholly; openly. (b) adj. Without any reservation or disguise; absolute; as, an out and out villain. [As an adj. written also out-and-out.] -- Out at, Out in, Out on, etc., elliptical phrases, that to which out refers as a source, origin, etc., being omitted; as, out (of the house and) at the barn; out (of the house, road, fields, etc., and) in the woods. Three fishers went sailing out into the west, Out into the west, as the sun went down. C. Kingsley. NOTE: In thes e lines after out may be understood, "of the harbor," "from the shore," "of sight," or some similar phrase. The complete construction is seen in the saying: "Out of the frying pan into the fire." -- Out from, a construction similar to out of (below). See Of and From. Out of, a phrase which may be considered either as composed of an adverb and a preposition, each having its appropriate office in the sentence, or as a compound preposition. Considered as a preposition, it denotes, with verbs of movement or action, from the interior of; beyond the limit: from; hence, origin, source, motive, departure, separation, loss, etc.; -- opposed to in or into; also with verbs of being, the state of being derived, removed, or separated from. Examples may be found in the phrases below, and also under Vocabulary words; as, out of breath; out of countenance. Out of cess, beyond measure, excessively. Shak. -- Out of character, unbecoming; improper. -- Out of conceit with, not pleased with. See under Conceit. -- Out of date, not timely; unfashionable; antiquated. -- Out of door, Out of doors, beyond the doors; from the house; in, or into, the open air; hence, figuratively, shut out; dismissed. See under Door, also, Out-of-door, Outdoor, Outdoors, in the Vocabulary. "He 's quality, and the question's out of door," Dryden. -- Out of favor, disliked; under displeasure. -- Out of frame, not in correct order or condition; irregular; disarranged. Latimer. -- Out of hand, immediately; without delay or preparation. "Ananias . . . fell down and died out of hand." Latimer.<-- most often seen in "dismiss out of hand" --> -- Out of harm's way, beyond the danger limit; in a safe place. -- Out of joint, not in proper connection or adjustment; unhinged; disordered. "The time is out of joint." Shak. -- Out of mind, not in mind; forgotten; also, beyond the limit of memory; as, time out of mind. -- Out of one's head, beyond commanding one's mental powers; in a wandering state mentally; delirious. [Colloq.] -- Out of one's time, beyond one's period of minority or apprenticeship. -- Out of order, not in proper order; disarranged; in confusion. -- Out of place, not in the usual or proper place; hence, not proper or becoming. -- Out of pocket, in a condition of having expended or lost more money than one has received. -- Out of print, not in market, the edition printed being exhausted; -- said of books, pamphlets, etc. -- Out of the question, beyond the limits or range of consideration; impossible to be favorably considered. -- Out of reach, beyond one's reach; inaccessible. -- Out of season, not in a proper season or time; untimely; inopportune. -- Out of sorts, wanting certain things; unsatisfied; unwell; unhappy; cross. See under Sort, n. -- Out of temper, not in good temper; irritated; angry. -- Out of time, not in proper time; too soon, or too late. -- Out of time, not in harmony; discordant; hence, not in an agreeing temper; fretful. -- Out of twist, winding, OR wind, not in warped condition; perfectly plain and smooth; -- said of surfaces. -- Out of use, not in use; unfashionable; obsolete. -- Out of the way. (a) On one side; hard to reach or find; secluded. (b) Improper; unusual; wrong. -- Out of the woods, not in a place, or state, of obscurity or doubt; free from difficulty or perils; safe. [Colloq.] -- Out to out, from one extreme limit to another, including the whole length, breadth, or thickness; -- applied to measurements. -- Out West, in or towards, the West; specifically, in some Western State or Territory. [U. S.] -- To come out, To cut out, To fall out, etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, etc. -- To put out of the way, to kill; to destroy. -- Week in, week out. See Day in, day out (above). Out Out (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, is out; especially, one who is out of office; -- generally in the plural. 2. A place or space outside of something; a nook or corner; an angle projecting outward; an open space; -- chiefly used in the phrase ins and outs; as, the ins and outs of a question. See under In. 3. (Print.) A word or words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy; an omission. To make an out (Print.), to omit something, in setting or correcting type, which was in the copy. Out Out, v. t. 1. To cause to be out; to eject; to expel. A king outed from his country. Selden. The French have been outed of their holds. Heylin. 2. To come out with; to make known. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. To give out; to dispose of; to sell. [Obs.] Chaucer. Out Out, v. i. To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public. "Truth will out." Shak. Out Out, interj. Expressing impatience, anger, a desire to be rid of; -- with the force of command; go out; begone; away; off. Out, idle words, servants to shallow fools ! Shak. Out upon OR on! equivalent to "shame upon!" "away with!" as, out upon you! Outact Out*act" (?), v. t. To do or beyond; to exceed in acting. [R.] He has made me heir to treasures Would make me outact a real window's whining. Otway. Outagamies Ou"ta*gam`ies (?), n. pl.; sing. Outagamie (. (Ethnol.) See lst Fox, 7. Outargue Out*ar"gue (?), v. t. To surpass or conquer in argument. Outbabble Out*bab"ble (?), v. t. To utter foolishly or excessively; to surpass in babbling. [R.] Milton. Outbalance Out*bal"ance (?), v. t. To outweight; to exceed in weight or effect. Let dull Ajax bear away my right When all his days outbalance this one night. Dryden. Outbar Out*bar" (?), v. t. To bar out. [R.] Spenser. Outbeg Out*beg" (?), v. t. To surpass in begging. [R.] Outbid Out*bid" (?), v. t. [imp. Outbid or Outbade (p. p. Outbid or Outbidden (p. pr. & vb. n. Outbidding.] To exceed or surpass in bidding. Prevent the greedy, and outbid the bold. Pope. Outbidder Out*bid"der (?), n. One who outbids. Johnson. Outbleat Out*bleat" (?), v. t. To surpass in bleating. Outblown Out"blown` (?), a. Inflated with wind. Dryden. Outblush Out*blush" (?), v. t. To exceed in blushing; to surpass in rosy color. T. Shipman. Outboard Out"board` (?), a. & adv. (Naut.) Beyond or outside of the lines of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; in a direction from the hull or from the keel; -- opposed to inboard; as, outboard rigging; swing the davits outboard. Outborn Out"born` (?), a. Foreign; not native. [R.] Outbound Out"bound` (?), a. Outward bound. Dryden. Outbounds Out"bounds` (?), n. pl. The farthest or exterior bounds; extreme limits; boundaries. Spenser. Outbow Out*bow" (?), v. t. To excel in bowing. Young. Outbowed Out"bowed` (?), a. Convex; curved outward. "The convex or outbowed side of a vessel." Bp. Hall. Outbrag Out*brag" (?), v. t. To surpass in bragging; hence, to make appear inferior. Whose bare outbragg'd the web it seemed to wear. Shak. Outbrave Out*brave" (?), v. t. 1. To excel in bravery o 2. To excel in magnificence or comeliness. The basest weed outbraves his dignity. Shak. Outbray Out*bray" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in braying. 2. To emit with great noise. [Obs.] Fairfax. Outbrazen Out*bra"zen (?), v. t. To bear down with a brazen face; to surpass in impudence. T. Brown. Outbreak Out"break` (?), n. A bursting forth; eruption; insurrection. "Mobs and outbreaks." J. H. Newman. The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind. Shak. Outbreaking Out"break`ing, n. 1. The act of breaking out. 2. That which bursts forth. Outbreast Out*breast" (?), v. t. To surpass in singing. See Breast, n., 6. [Obs.] Outbreathe Out*breathe" (?), v. t. 1. To breathe forth. "Outbreathed life." Spenser. 2. To cause to be out of breath; to exhaust. Shak. Outbreathe Out*breathe", v. i. To issue, as breath; to be breathed out; to exhale. Beau. & Fl. Outbribe Out*bribe" (?), v. t. To surpass in bribing. Outbring Out*bring" (?), v. t. To bring or bear out. Outbud Out*bud" (?), v. i. To sprout. [Poetic] Spenser. Outbuild Out*build" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outbuilt (?) or Outbuilded; p. pr. & vb. n. Outbuilding.] To exceed in building, or in durability of building. Outbuilding Out"build`ing (?), n. A building separate from, and subordinate to, the main house; an outhouse. Outburn Out*burn", v. t. & i. 1. To exceed in burning. 2. To burn entirely; to be consumed. Shak. Outburst Out"burst` (?), n. A bursting forth. Outcant Out*cant" (?), v. t. To surpass in canting. Pope. Outcast Out"cast` (?), a. [Cf. Sw. utkasta to cast out.] Cast out; degraded. "Outcast, rejected." Longfellow. Outcast Out"cast`, n. 1. One who is cast out or expelled; an exile; one driven from home, society, or country; hence, often, a degraded person; a vagabond. The Lord . . . gathereth together the outcasts of Israel. Ps. cxlvii. 2. 2. A quarrel; a contention. [Scot.] Jamieson. Outcasting Out"cast`ing, n. That which is cast out. [Obs.] Outcept Out*cept" (?), prep. Except. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Outcheat Out*cheat" (?), v. t. To exceed in cheating. Outclimb Out*climb" (?), v. t. To climb bevond; to surpass in climbing. Davenant. Outcome Out"come (?), n. That which comes out of, or follows from, something else; issue; result; consequence; upshot. "The logical outcome." H. Spenser. All true literature, all genuine poetry, is the direct outcome, the condensed essence, of actual life and thougth. J. C. Shairp. Outcompass Out*com"pass (?), v. t. To exceed the compass or limits of. Bacon. Outcourt Out"court` (?), n. An outer or exterior court. The skirts and outcourts of heaven. South. Outcrafty Out*craft"y (?), v. t. To exceed in cunning. [R.] Shak. Outcrier Out"cri`er (?), n. One who cries out or proclaims; a herald or crier. Outcrop Out"crop` (?), n. (Geol.) (a) The coming out of a stratum to the surface of the ground. Lyell. (b) That part of inclined strata which appears at the surface; basset. Outcrop Out*crop" (?), v. i. (Geol.) To come out to the surface of the ground; -- said of strata. Outcry Out"cry` (?), n. 1. A vehement or loud cry; a cry of distress, alarm, opposition, or detestation; clamor. 2. Sale at public auction. Massinger. Thackeray. Outdare Out*dare" (?), v. t. To surpass in daring; to overcome by courage; to brave. Shak. R. Browning. Outdated Out*dat"ed (?), a. Being out of date; antiquated. [Obs.] Hammond. Outdazzle Out*daz"zle (?), v. t. To surpass in dazzing. Outdo Out*do" (?), v. t. [imp. Outdid (?); p. p. Outdone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outdoing.] To go beyond in performance; to excel; to surpass. An imposture outdoes the original. L' Estrange. I grieve to be outdone by Gay. Swift. Outdoor Out"door` (?), a. [For out of door.] Being, or done, in the open air; being or done outside of certain buildings, as poorhouses, hospitals, etc.; as, outdoor exercise; outdoor relief; outdoor patients. Outdoors Out"doors` (?), adv. Abread; out of the house; out of doors. Outdraw Out*draw" (?), v. t. To draw out; to extract. [R.] "He must the teeth outdraw." Gower. Outdream Out*dream" (?), v. t. To pass, or escape, while dreaming. "To oultdream dangers." Beau. & Fl. Outdrink Out*drink" (?), v. t. To exceed in drinking. Outdure Out*dure" (?), v. t. To outlast. [Obs.] Outdwell Out*dwell" (?), v. t. To dwell or stay beyond. [Poetic] "He outdwells his hour." Shak. Outdweller Out"dwell`er (?), n. One who holds land in a parish, but lives elsewhere. [Eng.] Outer Out"er (?), a. [Compar. of Out.] [AS. , compar. of , adv., out. See Out, Utter, a.] Being on the outside; external; farthest or farther from the interior, from a given station, or from any space or position regarded as a center or starting place; -- opposed to inner; as, the outer wall; the outer court or gate; the outer stump in cricket; the outer world. Outer bar, in England, the body of junior (or utter) barristers; -- so called because in court they occupy a place beyond the space reserved for Queen's counsel. Outer Out"er, n. (a) The part of a target which is beyond the circles surrounding the bull's-eye. (b) A shot which strikes the outer of a target. Outer Out"er, n. [From Out, v.] One who puts out, ousts, or expels; also, an ouster; dispossession. [R.] Outerly Out"er*ly, adv. 1. Utterly; entirely. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Toward the outside. [R.] Grew. Outermost Out"er*most` (?), a. [See Uttermost, Utmost, and cf. Outmost.] Being on the extreme external part; farthest outward; as, the outermost row. Boyle. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1019 Outface Out*face" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outfaced (?); p pr. & vb. n. Outfacing (?).] To face or look (one) out of countenance; to resist or bear down by bold looks or effrontery; to brave. Shak. Having outfaced all the world. South. Outfall Out"fall` (?), n. 1. The mouth of a river; the lower end of a water course; the open end of a drain, culvert, etc., where the discharge occurs. 2. A quarrel; a falling out. [Prov. Eng.] Outfangthef Out*fang"thef (?), n. [AS. . See Out, Fang, v. t., and Thief.] (Anglo-Saxon & O. Eng. Law) (a) A thief from without or abroad, taken within a lord's fee or liberty. (b) The privilege of trying such a thief. Burrill. Outfawn Out*fawn" (?), v. t. To exceed in fawning. Outfeast Out*feast" (?), v. t. To exceed in feasting. Outfeat Out*feat" (?), v. t. To surpass in feats. Outfield Out"field` (?), n. 1. Arable land which has been or is being exhausted. See Infield, 1. [Scot.] 2. A field beyond, or separated from, the inclosed land about the homestead; an uninclosed or unexplored tract. Also used figuratively. The great outfield of thought or fact. Trench. 3. (Baseball) The part of the field beyond the diamond, or infield. It is occupied by the fielders. 4. (Cricket) The part of the field farthest from the batsman. Outfit Out"fit (?), n. A fitting out, or equipment, as of a ship for a voyage, or of a person for an expedition in an unoccupied region or residence in a foreign land; things required for equipment; the expense of, or allowance made for, equipment, as by the government of the United States to a diplomatic agent going abroad. Outfitter Out"fit`ter (?), n. One who furnishes outfits for a voyage, a journey, or a business. Outflank Out*flank" (?), v. t. (Mil.) To go beyond, or be superior to, on the flank; to pass around or turn the flank or flanks of. Outflatter Out*flat"ter (?), v. t. To exceed in flattering. Outfling Out"fling`, n. A gibe; a contemptuous remark. Outflow Out"flow` (?), n. A flowing out; efflux. Outflow Out*flow" (?), v. i. To flow out. Campbell. Outfly Out*fly" (?), v. t. [imp. Outflew (?); p. p. Outflown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outflying.] To surpass in flying; to fly beyond or faster than. Shak. Winged with fear outflies the wind. Waller. Outfool Out*fool", v. t. To exceed in folly. [R.] Young. Outform Out"form (?), n. External appearance. [Obs.] Outfrown Out*frown" (?), v. t. To frown down; to overbear by frowning. Shak. Outgate Out"gate` (?), n. An outlet. [Obs.] Spenser. Outgaze Out*gaze" (?), v. t. To gaze beyond; to exceed in sharpness or persistence of seeing or of looking; hence, to stare out of countenance. Outgeneral Out*gen"er*al (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outgeneraled (?) or Outgeneralled; p. pr. & vb. n. Outgeneraling or Outgeneralling.] To exceed in generalship; to gain advantage over by superior military skill or executive ability; to outmaneuver. Chesterfield. Outgive Out*give" (?), v. t. To surpass in giving. Dryden. Outgo Out*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Outwent (?); p. p. Outgone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outgoing.] 1. To go beyond; to exceed in swiftness; to surpass; to outdo. 2. To circumvent; to overreach. [Obs.] Denham. Outgo Out"go` (?), n.; pl. Outgoes (. That which goes out, or is paid out; outlay; expenditure; -- the opposite of income. Lowell. Outgoer Out"go`er (?), n. One who goes out or departs. Outgoing Out"go`ing, n. 1. The act or the state of going out. The outgoings of the morning and evening. Ps. lxv. 8. 2. That which goes out; outgo; outlay. 3. The extreme limit; the place of ending. [Obs.] The outgoings of the border were at the north bay of the salt sea, at the south end of Jordan. Josh. xviii. 19. Outgoing Out"go`ing, a. Going out; departing; as, the outgoing administration; an outgoing steamer. Outground Out"ground` (?), n. Ground situated at a distance from the house; outlying land. Outgrow Out*grow" (?), v. t. [imp. Outgrew (?); p. p. Outgrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outgrowing.] 1. To surpass in growing; to grow more than. Shak. 2. To grow out of or away from; to grow too large, or too aged, for; as, to outgrow clothing; to outgrow usefulness; to outgrow an infirmity. Outgrowth Out"growth` (?), n. That which grows out of, or proceeds from, anything; an excrescence; an offshoot; hence, a result or consequence. Outguard Out"guard` (?), n. (Mil.) A guard or small body of troops at a distance from the main body of an army, to watch for the approach of an enemy; hence, anything for defense placed at a distance from the thing to be defended. Outgush Out"gush` (?), n. A pouring out; an outburst. A passionate outgush of emotion. Thackeray. Outgush Out*gush" (?), v. i. To gush out; to flow forth. Outhaul Out"haul` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope used for hauling out a sail upon a spar; -- opposite of inhaul. Outhess Out*hess" (?), n. [Cf. LL. uthesium, hutesium, huesium, OF. hueis, and E. hue, in hue and cry.] Outcry; alarm. [Obs.] Chaucer. Outher Outh"er (?), conj. Other. [Obs.] Chaucer. Out-Herod Out-Her"od (?), v. t. To surpass (Herod) in violence or wickedness; to exceed in any vicious or offensive particular. "It out-Herods Herod." Shak. Out-Heroding the preposterous fashions of the times. Sir W. Scott. Outhire Out*hire" (?), v. t. To hire out. [Obs.] Spenser. Outhouse Out"house` (?), n. A small house or building at a little distance from the main house; an outbuilding. Outing Out"ing, n. 1. The act of going out; an airing; an excursion; as, a summer outing. 2. A feast given by an apprentice when he is out of his time. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Outjest Out*jest" (?), v. t. To surpass in jesting; to drive out, or away, by jesting. [R.] Shak. Outjet Out"jet` (?), n. That which jets out or projects from anything. [R.] H. Miller. Outjuggle Out*jug"gle (?), v. t. To surpass in juggling. Outkeeper Out"keep`er (?), n. (Surv.) An attachment to a surveyor's compass for keeping tally in chaining. Outknave Out*knave" (?), v. t. To surpass in knavery. Outlabor Out*la"bor (?), v. t. To surpass in laboring. Outland Out"land (?), a. [Out + land. See Outlandish.] Foreign; outlandish. [Obs.] Strutt. Outlander Out"land*er (?), n. A foreigner. Wood. Outlandish Out*land"ish (?), a. [AS. foreign. See Out, Land, and -ish.] 1. Foreign; not native. Him did outlandish women cause to sin. Neh. xiii. 26. Its barley water and its outlandish wines. G. W. Cable. 2. Hence: Not according with usage; strange; rude; barbarous; uncouth; clownish; as, an outlandish dress, behavior, or speech. Something outlandish, unearthy, or at variance with ordinary fashion. Hawthorne. --Out*land"ish*ly, adv. -- Out*land"ish*ness, n. Outlast Out*last" (?), v. t. To exceed in duration; to survive; to endure longer than. Milton. Outlaugh Out*laugh" (?), v. t. 1. To surpass or outdo in laughing. Dryden. 2. To laugh (one) out of a purpose, principle, etc.; to discourage or discomfit by laughing; to laugh down. [R.] His apprehensions of being outlaughed will force him to continue in a restless obscurity. Franklin. Outlaw Out"law` (?), n. [AS. , . See Out, and Law.] A person excluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its protection. Blackstone. Outlaw Out"law`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outlawing.] [AS. .] 1. To deprive of the benefit and protection of law; to declare to be an outlaw; to proscribe. Blackstone. 2. To remove from legal jurisdiction or enforcement; as, to outlaw a debt or claim; to deprive of legal force. "Laws outlawed by necessity." Fuller. Outlawry Out"law`ry (?), n.; pl. Outlawries (. 1. The act of outlawing; the putting a man out of the protection of law, or the process by which a man (as an absconding criminal) is deprived of that protection. 2. The state of being an outlaw. Outlay Out*lay" (?), v. t. To lay out; to spread out; to display. [R.] Drayton. Outlay Out"lay` (?), n. 1. A laying out or expending. 2. That which is expended; expenditure. 3. An outlying haunt. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Outleap Out*leap" (?), v. t. To surpass in leaping. Outleap Out"leap` (?), n. A sally. [R.] Locke. Outlearn Out*learn" (?), v. t. 1. To excel or surpass in learing. 2. To learn out [i. e., completely, utterly]; to exhaust knowledge of. Naught, according to his mind, He could outlearn. Spenser. Men and gods have not outlearned it [love]. Emerson. Outlet Out"let` (?), n. The place or opening by which anything is let out; a passage out; an exit; a vent. Receiving all, and having no outlet. Fuller. Outlet Out*let" (?), v. t. To let out; to emit. [R.] Daniel. Outlie Out*lie" (?), v. t. To exceed in lying. Bp. Hall. Outlier Out"li`er (?), n. 1. One who does not live where his office, or business, or estate, is. Bentley. 2. That which lies, or is, away from the main body. 3. (Geol.) A part of a rock or stratum lying without, or beyond, the main body, from which it has been separated by denudation. Outlimb Out"limb` (?), n, An extreme member or part of a thing; a limb. [Obs.] Fuller. Outline Out"line` (?), n. 1. (a) The line which marks the outer limits of an object or figure; the exterior line or edge; contour. (b) In art: A line drawn by pencil, pen, graver, or the like, by which the boundary of a figure is indicated. (c) A sketch composed of such lines; the delineation of a figure without shading. Painters, by their outlines, colors, lights, and shadows, represent the same in their pictures. Dryden. 2. Fig.: A sketch of any scheme; a preliminary or general indication of a plan, system, course of thought, etc.; as, the outline of a speech. But that larger grief . . . Is given in outline and no more. Tennyson. Syn. -- Sketch; draught; delineation. See Sketch. Outline Out"line`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outlining.] 1. To draw the outline of. 2. Fig.: To sketch out or indicate as by an outline; as, to outline an argument or a campaign. Outlinear Out*lin"e*ar (?), a. Of or pertaining to an outline; being in, or forming, an outline. Trench. Outlive Out*live" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outliving.] To live beyond, or longer than; to survive. They live too long who happiness outlive. Dryden. Outliver Out*liv"er (?), n. One who outlives. [R.] Outlook Out*look" (?), v. t. 1. To face down; to outstare. To outlook conquest, and to win renown. Shak. 2. To inspect throughly; to select. [Obs.] Cotton. Outlook Out"look`, n. 1. The act of looking out; watch. 2. One who looks out; also, the place from which one looks out; a watchower. Lyon Playfair. 3. The view obtained by one looking out; scope of vision; prospect; sight; appearance. Applause Which owes to man's short outlook all its charms. Young. Outloose Out"loose` (?), n. A loosing from; an escape; an outlet; an evasion. [Obs.] That "whereas" gives me an outloose. Selden. Outlope Out"lope (?), n. An excursion. [Obs.] Florio. Outluster, Outlustre Out*lus"ter, Out*lus"tre (?), v. t. To excel in brightness or luster. Shak. Outlying Out"ly`ing (?), a. Lying or being at a distance from the central part, or the main body; being on, or beyond, the frontier; exterior; remote; detached. Outmaneuver, Outman\'d2uvre Out`ma*neu"ver, Out`ma*n\'d2u"vre (?), v. t. To surpass, or get an advantage of, in maneuvering; to outgeneral. Outmantle Out*man"tle (?), v. t. To excel in mantling; hence, to excel in splendor, as of dress. [R.] And with poetic trappings grace thy prose, Till it outmantle all the pride of verse. Cowper. Outmarch Out*march" (?), v. t. To surpass in marching; to march faster than, or so as to leave behind. Outmeasure Out*meas"ure (?), v. t. To exceed in measure or extent; to measure more than. Sir T. Browne. Outmost Out"most` (?), a. [OE. outemest, utmest, AS. , a superl. fr. out. See Out, Utmost, and cf. Outermost.] Farthest from the middle or interior; farthest outward; outermost. Outmount Out*mount" (?), v. t. To mount above. [R.] Outname Out*name" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in naming or describing. [R.] 2. To exceed in name, fame, or degree. [Obs.] And found out one to outname thy other faults. Beau. & Fl. Outness Out"ness (?), n. 1. The state of being out or beyond; separateness. 2. (Metaph.) The state or quality of being distanguishable from the perceiving mind, by being in space, and possessing marerial quality; externality; objectivity. The outness of the objects of sense. Sir W. Hamiltom. Outnoise Out*noise" (?), v. t. To exceed in noise; to surpass in noisiness. [R.] Fuller. Outnumber Out*num"ber (?), v. t. To exceed in number. Out-of-door Out`-of-door" (?), a. Being out of the house; being, or done, in the open air; outdoor; as, out-of-door exercise. See Out of door, under Out, adv. Amongst out-of-door delights. G. Eliot. Out-of-the-way Out`-of-the-way", a. See under Out, adv. Outpace Out*pace" (?) v. t. [Cf. Outpass.] To outgo; to move faster than; to leave behind. [R.] Lamb. Outparamour Out*par"a*mour (?), v. t. To exceed in the number of mistresses. [R.] Shak. Outparish Out"par`ish (?), n. A parish lying without the walls of, or in a remote part of, a town. Graunt. Outpart Out"part` (?), n. An outlying part. [R.] Ayliffe. Outpass Out*pass" (?), v. t. [Cf. Outpace.] To pass beyond; to exceed in progress. Outpassion Out*pas"sion (?), v. t. To exceed in passion. Out-patient Out"-pa`tient (?), n. A patient who is outside a hospital, but receives medical aid from it. Outpeer Out*peer" (?), v. t. To excel. [R.] Shak. Outplay Out*play" (?), v. t. To excel or defeat in a game; to play better than; as, to be outplayed in tennis or ball. Outpoise Out*poise" (?), v. t. To outweigh. Howell. Outport Out"port` (?), n. A harbor or port at some distance from the chief town or seat of trade. Macaulay. Outpost Out"post` (?), n. (Mil.) (a) A post or station without the limits of a camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army, for observation of the enemy. (b) The troops placed at such a station. Outpour Out*pour" (?), v. t. To pour out. Milton. Outpour Out"pour`, n. A flowing out; a free discharge. Outpower Out*pow"er (?), v. t. To excel in power; to overpover. [Obs.] Fuller. Outpray Out*pray" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in prayer. Outpreach Out*preach" (?), v. t. To surpass in preaching. And for a villain's quick conversion A pillory can outpreach a parson. Trumbull. Outprize Out*prize" (?), v. t. To prize beyong value, or in excess; to exceed in value. [Obs.] Shak. Output Out"put` (?), n. 1. The amount of coal or ore put out from one or more mines, or the quantity of material produced by, or turned out from, one or more furnaces or mills, in a given time. 2. (Physiol.) That which is thrown out as products of the metabolic activity of the body; the egesta other than the f\'91ces. See Income. NOTE: &hand; Th e ou tput consists of: (a) The respiratory products of the lungs, skin, and alimentary canal, consisting chiefly of carbonic acid and water with small quantities of hydrogen and carbureted hydrogen. (b) Perspiration, consisting chiefly of water and salts. (c) The urine, which is assumed to contain all the nitrogen truly excreted by the body, besides a large quantity of saline matters and water. Foster. Outquench Out*quench" (?), v. t. To quench entirely; to extinguish. "The candlelight outquenched." Spenser. Outrage Out*rage" (?), v. t. [Out + rage.] To rage in excess of. [R.] Young. Outrage Out"rage (?), n. [F. outrage; OF. outre, oltre, beyond (F. outre, L. ultra) + -age, as, in courage, voyage. See Ulterior.] 1. Injurious violence or wanton wrong done to persons or things; a gross violation of right or decency; excessive abuse; wanton mischief; gross injury. Chaucer. He wrought great outrages, wasting all the country. Spenser. 2. Excess; luxury. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- Affront; insult; abuse. See Affront. Outrage Out"rage (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outragen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outraging (?).] [F. outrager. See Outrage, n.] 1. To commit outrage upon; to subject to outrage; to treat with violence or excessive abuse. Base and insolent minds outrage men when they have hope of doing it without a return. Atterbury. This interview outrages all decency. Broome. 2. Specifically, to violate; to commit an indecent assault upon (a female). Outrage Out"rage, v. t. To be guilty of an outrage; to act outrageously. Outrageous Out*ra"geous (?), a. [OF. outrageus, F. outrageux. See Outrage, n.] Of the nature of an outrage; exceeding the limits of right, reason, or decency; involving or doing an outrage; furious; violent; atrocious. "Outrageous weeping." Chaucer. "The most outrageous villainies." Sir P. Sidney. "The vile, outrageous crimes." Shak. "Outrageous panegyric." Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1020 Syn. -- Violent; furious; exorbitant; excessive; atrocious; monstrous; wanton; nefarious; heinous. -- Out*ra"geous*ly (#), adv. -- Out*ra"geous*ness, n. Outrance Ou`trance" (?), n. [F. See Outr\'90.] The utmost or last extremity. Combat \'85 outrance, a fight to the end, or to the death. Outrank Out*rank" (?), v. t. To exceed in rank; hence, to take precedence of. Outray Out*ray" (?), v. t. To outshine. [R.] Skelton. Outray Out*ray", v. i. To spread out in array. [Obs.] And now they outray to your fleet. Chapman. Outraye Out*raye" (?), v. i. See Outrage, v. i. [Obs.] This warn I you, that ye not suddenly Out of yourself for no woe should outraye. Chaucer. Outraze Out*raze" (?), v. t. To obliterate. [Obs.] Sandys. Outr\'82 Ou`tr\'82" (?), a. [F., p. p. of outrer to exaggerate, fr. L. ultra beyond. See Outrage.] Being out of the common course or limits; extravagant; bizarre. Outreach Out*reach" (?), v. t. To reach beyond. Outreason Out*rea"son (?), v. t. To excel or surpass in reasoning; to reason better than. South. Outreckon Out*reck"on (?), v. t. To exceed in reckoning or computation. Bp. Pearson. Outrecuidance Ou`tre*cui`dance" (?), n. [F., fr. outre beyond + cuider to think, L. cogitare.] Excessive presumption. [R.] B. Jonson. Outrede Out*rede" (?), v. t. To surpass in giving rede, or counsel. [Obs.] See Atrede. Chaucer. Outreign Out*reign" (?), v. t. To go beyond in reigning; to reign through the whole of, or longer than. [R.] Spenser. Outride Out*ride" (?), v. t. To surpass in speed of riding; to ride beyond or faster than. Shak. Outride Out"ride`, n. 1. A riding out; an excursion. [R.] 2. A place for riding out. [R.] Outrider Out"rid`er (?), n. 1. A summoner whose office is to cite men before the sheriff. [Obs.] 2. One who rides out on horseback. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A servant on horseback attending a carriage. Outrigger Out"rig`ger (?), n. 1. Any spar or projecting timber run out for temporary use, as from a ship's mast, to hold a rope or a sail extended, or from a building, to support hoisting teckle. 2. (Naut.) (a) A projecting support for a rowlock, extended from the side of a boat. (b) A boat thus equipped. (c) A projecting contrivance at the side of a boat to prevent upsetting, as projecting spars with a log at the end. Outright Out"right` (?), adv. 1. Immediately; without delay; at once; as, he was killed outright. 2. Completely; utterly. Cardinal Manning. Outring Out*ring" (?), v. t. To excel in volume of ringing sound; to ring louder than. Outrival Out*ri"val (?), v. t. To surpass in a rivalry. Outrive Out*rive" (?), v. t. To river; to sever. [Obs.] Fairfax. Outroad, Outrode Out"road`, Out"rode` (?), n. An excursion. [Obs.] "Outrodes by the ways of Judea." Macc. xv. 41 (Geneva Bible). Outroar Out*roar" (?), v. t. To exceed in roaring. Outromance Out`ro*mance" (?), v. t. To exceed in romantic character. [R.] Fuller. Outroom Out"room` (?), n. An outer room. [R.] Fuller. Outroot Out*root" (?), v. t. To eradicate; to extirpate. Outrun Out*run" (?), v. t. [imp. Outran (?); p. p. Outrun; p. pr. & vb. n. Outrunning.] To exceed, or leave behind, in running; to run faster than; to outstrip; to go beyond. Your zeal outruns my wishes. Sir W. Scott. The other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulcher. Jhon xx. 4. Outrunner Out*run"ner (?), n. An offshoot; a branch. [R.] "Some outrunner of the river." Lauson. Outrush Out*rush" (?), v. i. To rush out; to issue, or ru Garth. Outsail Out*sail" (?), v. t. To excel, or to leave behind, in sailing; to sail faster than. Beau. & Fl. Outscent Out*scent" (?), v. t. To exceed in odor. Fuller. Outscold Out*scold" (?), v. t. To exceed in scolding. Shak. Outscorn Out*scorn" (?), v. t. To confront, or subdue, with greater scorn. Shak. Outscouring Out"scour`ing (?), n. That which is scoured out o Buckland. Outscout Out*scout" (?), v. t. To overpower by disdain; to outface. [Obs.] Marston. Outsee Out*see" (?), v. t. To see beyond; to excel in cer Outsell Out*sell" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in amount of sales; to sell more than. 2. To exceed in the price of selling; to fetch more than; to exceed in value. Fuller. Shak. Outsentry Out"sen`try (?), n. (Mil.) A sentry who guards the entrance or approach to a place; an outguard. Outset Out"set` (?), n. A setting out, starting, or beginning. "The outset of a political journey." Burke. Giving a proper direction to this outset of life. J. Hawes. Outsettler Out"set`tler (?), n. One who settles at a distance, or away, from others. Outshine Out*shine" (?), v. i. To shine forth. "Bright, outshining beams." Shak. Outshine Out*shine", v. t. To excel in splendor. A throne of royal state, which far Outshone the wealth of Ormus and of Ind. Milton. Outshoot Out*shoot" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in shooting; to shoot beyond. Bacon. Men are resolved never to outshoot their forefathers' mark. Norris. Outshut Out*shut" (?), v. t. To shut out. [R.] Donne. Outside Out"side` (?), n. 1. The external part of a thing; the part, end, or side which forms the surface; that which appears, or is manifest; that which is superficial; the exterior. There may be great need of an outside where there is little or nothing within. South. Created beings see nothing but our outside. Addison. 2. The part or space which lies without an inclosure; the outer side, as of a door, walk, or boundary. I threw open the door of my chamber, and found the family standing on the outside. Spectator. 3. The furthest limit, as to number, quantity, extent, etc.; the utmost; as, it may last a week at the outside. 4. One who, or that which, is without; hence, an outside passenger, as distinguished from one who is inside. See Inside, n. 3. [Colloq. Eng.] Outside Out"side` (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the outside; external; exterior; superficial. 2. Reaching the extreme or farthest limit, as to extent, quantity, etc.; as, an outside estimate. [Colloq.] Outside finish (Arch.), a term for the minor parts, as corner boards, hanging stiles, etc., required to complete the exterior of a wooden building; -- rare in masonry. Outside Out"side` (?), adv. or prep. On or to the outside (of); without; on the exterior; as, to ride outside the coach; he stayed outside. Outsider Out`sid"er (?), n. 1. One not belonging to the concern, institution, party, etc., spoken of; one disconnected in interest or feeling. [Recent] A. Trollope. 2. A locksmith's pinchers for grasping the point of a key in the keyhole, to open a door from the outside when the key is inside. 3. A horse which is not a favorite in the betting. [Cant] Outsing Out*sing" (?), v. t. To surpass in singing. Outsit Out*sit" (?), v. t. To remain sitting, or in session, longer than, or beyond the time of; to outstay. Outskirt Out"skirt` (?), n. A part remote from the center; outer edge; border; -- usually in the plural; as, the outskirts of a town. Wordsworth. The outskirts of his march of mystery. Keble. Outsleep Out*sleep" (?), v. t. To exceed in sleeping. Shak. Outslide Out*slide" (?), v. i. To slide outward, onward, or forward; to advance by sliding. [Poetic] At last our grating keels outslide. Whittier. Outsoar Out*soar" (?), v. t. To soar beyond or above. Outsole Out"sole` (?), n. The outside sole of a boot or shoe. Outsound Out*sound" (?), v. t. To surpass in sounding. Outspan Out*span" (?), v. t. & i. [D. uitspannen.] To unyoke or disengage, as oxen from a wagon. [S. Africa] Outsparkle Out*spar"kle (?), v. t. To exceed in sparkling. Outspeak Out*speak" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in speaking. 2. To speak openly or boldly. T. Campbell. 3. To express more than. Shak. Outspeed Out*speed" (?), v. t. To excel in speed. Outspeed the realized miracles of steam. Talfourd. Outspend Out"spend` (?), n. Outlay; expenditure. [R.] A mere outspend of savageness. I. Taylor. Outspin Out*spin" (?), v. t. To spin out; to finish. Outspoken Out*spo"ken (?), a. Speaking, or spoken, freely, openly, or boldly; as, an outspoken man; an outspoken rebuke. -- Out*spo"ken*ness, n. Outsport Out*sport" (?), v. t. To exceed in sporting. [R.] "Not to outsport discretion." Shak. Outspread Out*spread" (?), v. t. To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. OR adj. Outspring Out*spring" (?), v. i. To spring out; to issue. Outstand Out*stand" (?), v. i. To stand out, or project, from a surface or mass; hence, to remain standing out. Outstand Out*stand", v. t. 1. To resist effectually; to withstand; to sustain without yielding. [R.] Woodward. 2. To stay beyond. "I have outstood my time." Shak. Outstanding Out*stand"ing, a. That stands out; undischarged; uncollected; not paid; as, outstanding obligations. Revenues . . . as well outstanding as collected. A. Hamilton. Outstare Out*stare" (?), v. t. To excel or overcome in staring; to face down. I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. Shak. Outstart Out*start" (?), v. i. To start out or up. Chaucer. Outstay Out*stay" (?), v. t. To stay beyond or longer than. She concluded to outstay him. Mad. D' Arblay. Outstep Out*step" (?), v. t. To exceed in stepping. Outstorm Out*storm" (?), v. t. To exceed in storming. Insults the tempest and outstorms the skies. J. Barlow. Outstreet Out"street` (?), n. A street remote from the center of a town. Johnson. Outstretch Out*stretch" (?), v. t. To stretch out. Milton. Outstride Out*stride" (?), v. t. To surpass in striding. Outstrike Out*strike" (?), v. t. To strike out; to strike faster than. Shak. Outstrip Out*strip" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outstripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outstripping.] To go faster than; to outrun; to advance beyond; to leave behing. Appetites which . . . had outstripped the hours. Southey. He still outstript me in the race. Tennyson. Outsuffer Out*suf"fer (?), v. t. To exceed in suffering. Outswear Out*swear" (?), v. t. To exceed in swearing. Outsweeten Out*sweet"en (?), v. t. To surpass in sweetness. [R.] Shak. Outswell Out*swell" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in swelling. 2. To swell beyond; to overflow. [Obs.] Hewyt. Outtake Out*take" (?), prep. Except. [Obs.] R. of Brunne. Outtaken Out*tak"en (?), p. p. or prep. Excepted; save. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer. Outtalk Out*talk" (?), v. t. To overpower by talking; to exceed in talking; to talk down. Shak. Outtell Out*tell" (?), v. t. To surpass in telling, counting, or reckoning. "I have outtold the clock." Beau. & Fl. Outterm Out"term` (?), n. An external or superficial thing; outward manner; superficial remark, etc. [Obs.] Not to bear cold forms, nor men's outterms. B. Jonson. Outthrow Out*throw" (?), v. t. 1. To throw out. Spenser. 2. To excel in throwing, as in ball playing. Outtoil Out*toil" (?), v. t. To exceed in toiling. Outtongue Out*tongue" (?), v. t. To silence by talk, clamor, or noise. [R.] Shak. Outtop Out*top" (?), v. t. To overtop. [Obs.] Outtravel Out*trav"el (?), v. t. To exceed in speed o Mad. D' Arblay. Outtwine Out*twine" (?), v. t. To disentangle. [Obs.] Outvalue Out*val"ue (?), v. t. To exceed in value. Boyle. Outvenom Out*ven"om (?), v. t. To exceed in venom. Outvie Out*vie" (?), v. t. To exceed in vying. Dryden. Outvillain Out*vil"lain (?), v. t. To exceed in villainy. Outvoice Out*voice" (?), v. t. To exceed in noise. Shak. Outvote Out*vote" (?), v. t. To exceed in the number of votes given; to defeat by votes. South. Outwalk Out*walk" (?), v. t. To excel in walking; to leave behind in walking. B. Jonson. Outwall Out"wall` (?), n. The exterior wall; the outside surface, or appearance. Shak. Outward, Outwards Out"ward (?), Out"wards (?), adv. [AS. . See Out, and -ward, -wards.] From the interior part; in a direction from the interior toward the exterior; out; to the outside; beyond; off; away; as, a ship bound outward. The wrong side may be turned outward. Shak. Light falling on them is not reflected outwards. Sir I. Newton. Outward bound, bound in an outward direction or to foreign parts; -- said especially of vessels, and opposed to homeward bound. Outward Out"ward, a. 1. Formmg the superficial part; external; exterior; -- opposed to inward; as, an outward garment or layer. Though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day. Cor. iv. 16. 2. Of or pertaining to the outer surface or to what is external; manifest; public. "Sins outward." Chaucer. An outward honor for an in ward toil. Shak. 3. Foreign; not civil or intestine; as, an outward war. [Obs.] Hayward. 4. Tending to the exterior or outside. The fire will force its outward way. Dryden. -- Out"ward*ly, adv. -- Out"ward*ness, n. Outward stroke. (Steam Engine) See under Stroke. Outward Out"ward, n. External form; exterior. [R.] So fair an outward and such stuff within. Shak. Outwards Out"wards (?), adv. See Outward, adv. Outwatch Out*watch" (?), v. t. To exceed in watching. Outway Out"way` (?), n. A way out; exit. [R.] In divers streets and outways multiplied. P. Fletcher. Outwear Out*wear" (?), v. t. 1. To wear out; to consume or destroy by wearing. Milton. 2. To last longer than; to outlast; as, this cloth will outwear the other. "If I the night outwear." Pope. Outweary Out*wea"ry (?), v. t. To weary out. Cowley. Outweed Out*weed" (?), v. t. To weed out. [Obs.] Outweep Out*weep" (?), v. t. To exceed in weeping. Outweigh Out*weigh" (?), v. t. To exceed in weight or value. Outwell Out*well" (?), v. t. To pour out. [Obs.] Spenser. Outwell Out*well", v. i. To issue forth. Thomson. Outwent Out*went" (?), imp. of Outgo. Outwhore Out*whore" (?), v. t. To exceed in lewdness. Outwin Out*win" (?), v. t. To win a way out of. [Obs.] Outwind Out*wind" (?), v. t. To extricate by winding; to unloose. [R.] Spenser. Dr. H. More. Outwing Out*wing" (?), v. t. To surpass, exceed, or outstrip in flying. Garth. Outwit Out*wit" (?), v. t. To surpass in wisdom, esp. in cunning; to defeat or overreach by superior craft. They did so much outwit and outwealth us ! Gauden. Outwit Out"wit (?), n. The faculty of acquiring wesdom by observation and experience, or the wisdom so acquired; -- opposed to inwit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Outwoe Out*woe" (?), v. t. To exceed in woe. [Obs.] Outwork Out*work" (?), v. t. To exceed in working; to work more or faster than. Outwork Out"work` (?), n. (Fort.) A minor defense constructed beyond the main body of a work, as a ravelin, lunette, hornwork, etc. Wilhelm. Outworth Out*worth" (?), v. t. To exceed in worth. [R.] Outwrest Out*wrest" (?), v. t. To extort; to draw from or forth by violence. [Obs.] Spenser. Outwrite Out*write" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in writing. Outzany Out*za"ny (?), v. t. To exceed in buffoonery. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ouvarovite Ou*va"ro*vite (?), n. [Named from the Russian Count Uvaroff.] (Min.) Chrome garnet. Ouze Ouze (?), n. & v. See Ooze. [Obs.] Ouzel Ou"zel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Ousel. The mellow ouzel fluted in the elm. Tennyson. Ova O"va (?), n. pl. See Ovum. Oval O"val (?), a. [F. ovale, fr. L. ovum egg. Cf. Egg, Ovum.] 1. Of or pertaining to eggs; done in the egg, or inception; as, oval conceptions. [Obs.] 2. Having the figure of an egg; oblong and curvilinear, with one end broader than the other, or with both ends of about the same breadth; in popular usage, elliptical. 3. (Bot.) Broadly elliptical. Oval chuck (Mech.), a lathe chuck so constructed that work attached to it, and cut by the turning tool in the usual manner, becomes of an oval form. Oval O"val, n. A body or figure in the shape of an egg, or popularly, of an ellipse. Cassinian oval (Geom.), the locus of a point the product of whose distances from two fixed points is constant; -- so called from Cassini, who first investigated the curve. Thus, in the diagram, if P moves so that P A.P B is constant, the point P describes a Cassinian oval. The locus may consist of a single closed line, as shown by the dotted line, or of two equal ovals about the points A and B. <-- Illustr. of Cassinian Oval --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 1021 Ovalbumin, Ovalbumen O`val*bu"min (?), O`val*bu"men (?), n. [Ovum + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) The albumin from white of eggs; egg albumin; -- in distinction from serum albumin. See Albumin. Ovaliform O*val"i*form (?), a. [Oval + -form.] Having the form of an egg; having a figure such that any section in the direction of the shorter diameter will be circular, and any in the direction of the longer diameter will be oval. Ovally O"val*ly (?), adv. In an oval form. Ovant O"vant (?), a. [L. ovans triumphant, p. pr. of ovare to exult.] Exultant. [Obs.] Holland. Ovarian, Ovarial O*va"ri*an (?), O*va"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an ovary. Ovariole O*va"ri*ole (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the tubes of which the ovaries of most insects are composed. Ovariotomist O*va`ri*ot"o*mist (?), n. One who performs, or is skilled in, ovariotomy. Ovariotomy O*va`ri*ot"o*my (?), n. [Ovarium + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of removing one or both of the ovaries; o\'94phorectomy. Ovarious O*va"ri*ous (?), a. Consisting of eggs; as, ovarious food. [R.] Thomson. Ovaritis O`va*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Ovarium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the ovaries. Ovarium O*va"ri*um (?), n.; pl. L. Ovaria (#), E. Ovariums (#). [NL.] An ovary. See Ovary. Ovary O"va*ry (?), n.; pl. Ovaries (#). [NL. ovarium, fr. L. ovum egg: cf. F. ovaire. See Oval.] 1. (Bot.) That part of the pistil which contains the seed, and in most flowering plants develops into the fruit. See Illust. of Flower. 2. (Zo\'94l. & Anat.) The essential female reproductive organ in which the ova are produced. See Illust. of Discophora. Ovate O"vate (?), a. [L. ovatus, from ovum egg. See Oval.] 1. Shaped like an egg, with the lower extremity broadest. 2. (Bot.) Having the shape of an egg, or of the longitudinal sectior of an egg, with the broader end basal. Gray. Ovate-acuminate O"vate-a*cu"mi*nate (?), a. Having an ovate form, but narrowed at the end into a slender point. Ovate-cylindraceous O"vate-cyl`in*dra"ceous (?), a. Having a form intermediate between ovate and cylindraceous. Ovated O"va*ted (?), a. Ovate. Ovate-lanceolate O"vate-lan"ce*o*late (?), a. Having a form intermediate between ovate and lanceolate. Ovate-oblong O"vate-ob"long (?), a. Oblong. with one end narrower than the other; ovato-oblong. Ovate-rotundate O"vate-ro*tund"ate (?), a. Having a form intermediate between that of an egg and a sphere; roundly ovate. Ovate-subulate O"vate-su"bu*late (?), a. Having an ovate form, but with a subulate tip or extremity. Ovation O*va"tion (?), n. [L. ovatio, fr. ovare to exult, rejoice, triumph in an ovation; cf. Gr. ovation.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A lesser kind of triumph allowed to a commander for an easy, bloodless victory, or a victory over slaves. 2. Hence: An expression of popular homage; the tribute of the multitude to a public favorite. To rain an April of ovation round Their statues. Tennyson. Ovato-acuminate O*va"to-a*cu"mi*nate (?), a. Same as Ovate-acuminate. Ovato-cylindraceous O*va"to-cyl`in*dra"ceous (?), a. Same as Ovate-cylindraceous. Ovato-oblong O*va"to-ob"long (?), a. Same as Ovate-oblong. Ovato-rotundate O*va"to-ro*tund"ate (?), a. Same as Ovate-rotundate. Oven Ov"en (?), n. [AS. ofen; akin to D. oven, OHG. ofan, ovan, G. ofen, Icel. ofn, Dan. ovn, Sw. ugn, Goth. a\'a3hns, Gr. ukh\'be pot.] A place arched over with brick or stonework, and used for baking, heating, or drying; hence, any structure, whether fixed or portable, which may be heated for baking, drying, etc.; esp., now, a chamber in a stove, used for baking or roasting. Ovenbird Ov"en*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species of the genus Furnarius, allied to the creepers. They inhabit South America and the West Indies, and construct curious oven-shaped nests. (b) In the United States, Seiurus aurocapillus; -- called also golden-crowned thrush. (c) In England, sometimes applied to the willow warbler, and to the long-tailed titmouse. Over O"ver (?), prep. [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. \'81ber, OHG. ubir, ubar, Dan. over, Sw. \'94fver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr. upari. Above, Eaves, Hyper-, Orlop, Super-, Sovereign, Up.] 1. Above, or higher than, in place or position, with the idea of covering; -- opposed to under; as, clouds are over our heads; the smoke rises over the city. The mercy seat that is over the testimony. Ex. xxx. 6. Over them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning. Longfellow. 2. Across; from side to side of; -- implying a passing or moving, either above the substance or thing, or on the surface of it; as, a dog leaps over a stream or a table. Certain lakes . . . poison birds which fly over them. Bacon. 3. Upon the surface of, or the whole surface of; hither and thither upon; throughout the whole extent of; as, to wander over the earth; to walk over a field, or over a city. 4. Above; -- implying superiority in excellence, dignity, condition, or value; as, the advantages which the Christian world has over the heathen. Swift. 5. Above in authority or station; -- implying government, direction, care, attention, guard, responsibility, etc.; -- opposed to under. Thou shalt be over my house. Gen. xli. 40. I will make thee rules over many things. Matt. xxv. 23. Dost thou not watch over my sin ? Job xiv. 16. His tender mercies are over all his works. Ps. cxlv. 9. 6. Across or during the time of; from beginning to end of; as, to keep anything over night; to keep corn over winter. 7. Above the perpendicular height or length of, with an idea of measurement; as, the water, or the depth of water, was over his head, over his shoes. 8. Beyond; in excess of; in addition to; more than; as, it cost over five dollars. "Over all this." Chaucer. 9. Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding; as, he triumphed over difficulties; the bill was passed over the veto. NOTE: &hand; Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o'er. NOTE: &hand; Ov er hi s signature (or name) is a substitute for the idiomatic English form, under his signature (name, hand and seal, etc.), the reference in the latter form being to the authority under which the writing is made, executed, or published, and not the place of the autograph, etc. Over all (Her.), placed over or upon other bearings, and therefore hinding them in part; -- said of a charge. -- Over head and ears, beyond one's depth; completely; wholly; hopelessly; as, over head and ears in debt. <-- = head over heels -->[Colloq.] -- Over the left. See under Left. -- To run over (Mach.), to have rotation in such direction that the crank pin traverses the upper, or front, half of its path in the forward, or outward, stroke; -- said of a crank which drives, or is driven by, a reciprocating piece. Over O"ver (?), adv. 1. From one side to another; from side to side; across; crosswise; as, a board, or a tree, a foot over, i. e., a foot in diameter. 2. From one person or place to another regarded as on the opposite side of a space or barrier; -- used with verbs of motion; as, to sail over to England; to hand over the money; to go over to the enemy. "We will pass over to Gibeah." Judges xix. 12. Also, with verbs of being: At, or on, the opposite side; as, the boat is over. 3. From beginning to end; throughout the course, extent, or expanse of anything; as, to look over accounts, or a stock of goods; a dress covered over with jewels. 4. From inside to outside, above or across the brim. Good measure, pressed down . . . and running over. Luke vi. 38. 5. Beyond a limit; hence, in excessive degree or quantity; superfluously; with repetition; as, to do the whole work over. "So over violent." Dryden. He that gathered much had nothing over. Ex. xvi. 18. 6. In a manner to bring the under side to or towards the top; as, to turn (one's self) over; to roll a stone over; to turn over the leaves; to tip over a cart. 7. At an end; beyond the limit of continuance; completed; finished. "Their distress was over." Macaulay. "The feast was over." Sir W. Scott. NOTE: &hand; Over, out, off, and similar adverbs, are often used in the predicate with the sense and force of adjectives, agreeing in this respect with the adverbs of place, here, there, everywhere, nowhere; as, the games were over; the play is over; the master was out; his hat is off. NOTE: &hand; Ov er is mu ch us ed in co mposition, wi th the same significations that it has as a separate word; as in overcast, overflow, to cast or flow so as to spread over or cover; overhang, to hang above; overturn, to turn so as to bring the underside towards the top; overact, overreach, to act or reach beyond, implying excess or superiority. All over. (a) Over the whole; upon all parts; completely; as, he is spatterd with mud all over. (b) Wholly over; at an end; as, it is all over with him. -- Over again, once more; with repetition; afresh; anew. Dryden. -- Over against, opposite; in front. Addison. -- Over and above, in a manner, or degree, beyond what is supposed, defined, or usual; besides; in addition; as, not over and above well. "He . . . gained, over and above, the good will of all people." L' Estrange. -- Over and over, repeatedly; again and again. -- To boil over. See under Boil, v. i. -- To come it over, To do over, To give over, etc. See under Come, Do, Give, etc. -- To throw over, to abandon; to betray. Cf. To throw overboard, under Overboard. Over O"ver, a. Upper; covering; higher; superior; also, excessive; too much or too great; -- chiefly used in composition; as, overshoes, overcoat, over-garment, overlord, overwork, overhaste. Over O"ver, n. (Cricket) A certain number of balls (usually four) delivered successively from behind ine wicket, after which the ball is bowled from behing the other wicket as many times, the fielders changing places. Overabound O`ver*a*bound" (?), v. i. To be exceedingly plenty or superabundant. Pope. Overact O`ver*act" (?), v. t. 1. To act or perform to excess; to exaggerate in acting; as, he overacted his part. 2. To act upon, or influence, unduly. [Obs.] The hope of inheritance overacts them. Milton. Overact O`ver*act" (?), v. i. To act more than is necessary; to go to excess in action. B. Jonson. Overaction O"ver*ac"tion (?), n. Per Overaffect O`ver*af*fect" (?), v. t. To affect or care for unduly. [Obs.] Milton. Overagitate O`ver*ag"i*tate (?), v. t. To agitate or discuss beyond what is expedient. Bp. Hall. Overall O"ver*all (?), adv. Everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer. Overalls O"ver*alls (?), n. pl. 1. A kind of loose trousers worn over others to protect them from soiling. 2. Waterproof leggings. R. D. Blackmore. Overanxiety O"ver*anx*i"e*ty (?), n. The state of being overanxious; excessive anxiety. Overanxious O"ver*anx"ious (?), a. Anxious in an excessive or needless degree. -- O"ver*anx"ious*ly, adv. Overarch O`ver*arch" (?), v. t. & i. To make or place an arch over; to hang over like an arch. "Brown with o'erarching shades." Pope. Over-arm O"ver-arm` (?), a. (Cricket, etc.) Done (as bowling or pitching) with the arm raised above the shoulder. See Overhard. "An over-arm with a round-arm bowler." R. A. Proctor. Overawe O`ver*awe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overawing.] To awe exceedingly; to subjugate or restrain by awe or great fear. The king was present in person to overlook the magistrates, and overawe these subjects with the terror of his sword. Spenser. Overawful O"ver*aw"ful (?), a. Awful, or reverential, in an excessive degree. [R.] Milton. Overbalance O`ver*bal"ance (?), v. t. 1. To exceed equality with; to outweigh. Locke. 2. To cause to lose balance or equilibrium. Overbalance O"ver*bal`ance (?), n. Excess of weight or value; something more than an equivalent; as, an overbalance of exports. J. Edwards. Overbarren O"ver*bar"ren (?), a. Excessively barren. Overbattle O"ver*bat"tle (?), a. [Over + battle, a.] Excessively fertile; bearing rank or noxious growths. [Obs.] "Overbattle grounds." Hooker. Overbear O`ver*bear" (?), v. t. 1. To bear down or carry down, as by excess of weight, power, force, etc.; to overcome; to suppress. The point of reputation, when the news first came of the battle lost, did overbear the reason of war. Bacon. Overborne with weight the Cyprians fell. Dryden. They are not so ready to overbear the adversary who goes out of his own country to meet them. Jowett (Thucyd. ) 2. To domineer over; to overcome by insolence. Overbear O`ver*bear", v. i. To bear fruit or offspring to excess; to be too prolific. Overbearing O`ver*bear"ing, a. 1. Overpowering; subduing; repressing. I. Watts. 2. Aggressively haughty; arrogant; domineering; tyrannical; dictatorial; insolent. --O`ver*bear"ing*ly, adv. -- O`ver*bear"ing*ness, n. Overbend O`ver*bend" (?), v. t. To bend to excess. Overbend O`ver*bend", v. i. To bend over. [R.] Overbid O`ver*bid" (?), v. t. To bid or offer beyond, or in excess of. Dryden. Overbide O`ver*bide" (?), v. t. To outlive. [Obs.] Chaucer. Overblow O`ver*blow" (?), v. i. 1. To blow over, or be subdued. [R.] Spenser. 2. (Mus.) To force so much wind into a pipe that it produces an overtone, or a note higher than the natural note; thus, the upper octaves of a flute are produced by overblowing. Overblow O`ver*blow", v. t. To blow away; to dissipate by wind, or as by wind. When this cloud of sorrow's overblown. Waller. Overboard O"ver*board` (?), adv. Over the side of a ship; hence, from on board of a ship, into the water; as, to fall overboard. To throw overboard, to discard; to abandon, as a dependent or friend. Overboil O`ver*boil" (?), v. i. To boil over or unduly. Nor is discontent to keep the mind Deep in its fountain, lest it overboil In the hot throng. Byron. Overbold O`ver*bold" (?), a. Excessively or presumptuously bold; impudent. Shak. -- O"ver*bold"ly, adv. Overbookish O"ver*book"ish (?), a. Excessively bookish. Overbounteous O"ver*boun"te*ous, a. Bounteous to excess. Overbow O`ver*bow" (?), v. t. To bend or bow over; to bend in a contrary direction. [Obs.] Fuller. Overbreed O`ver*breed" (?), v. t. To breed to excess. Overbrim O`ver*brim" (?), v. i. To flow over the brim; to be so full as to overflow. [R.] Overbrow O`ver*brow" (?), v. t. To hang over like a brow; to impend over. [Poetic] Longfellow. Did with a huge projection overbrow Large space beneath. Wordsworth. Overbuild O`ver*build" (?), v. t. 1. To build over. Milton. 2. To build too much; to build beyond the demand. Overbuilt O`ver*built" (?), a. Having too many buildings; as, an overbuilt part of a town. Overbulk O`ver*bulk" (?), v. t. To oppress by bulk; to overtower. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Overburden O`ver*bur"den (?), v. t. To load with too great weight or too much care, etc. Sir P. Sidney. Overburden O"ver*bur`den, n. The waste which overlies good stone in a quarry. Raymond. Overburdensome O"ver*bur"den*some (?), a. Too burdensome. Overburn O`ver*burn" (?), v. t. & i. To burn too much; to be overzealous. Over-busy O"ver-bus"y (?), a. Too busy; officious. Overbuy O`ver*buy" (?), v. t. 1. To buy too much. 2. To buy at too dear a rate. Dryden. Overcanopy O`ver*can"o*py (?), v. t. To cover as with a canopy. Shak. Overcapable O`ver*ca"pa*ble (?), a. Too capable. [R.] Overcapable of such pleasing errors. Hooker. Overcare O"ver*care" (?), n. Excessive care. Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1022 Overcareful O"ver*care"ful (?), a. Too careful. Shak. Overcarking O"ver*cark"ing (?), a. Too anxious; too full of care. [Archaic] Fuller. Overcarry O`ver*car"ry (?), v. t. & i. To carry too far; to carry beyond the proper point. Hayward. Overcast O`ver*cast" (?), v. t. 1. To cast or cover over; hence, to cloud; to darken. Those clouds that overcast your morn shall fly. Dryden. 2. To compute or rate too high. Bacon. 3. (Sewing) To take long, loose stitches over (the raw edges of a seam) to prevent raveling. Overcatch O`ver*catch" (?), v. t. To overtake. [Obs.] Overcautious O"ver*cau"tious (?), a. Too cautious; cautious or prudent to excess. -- O"ver*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- O"ver*cau"tiou*ness, n. Overchange O"ver*change` (?), n. Too much or too frequent change; fickleness. [R.] Beau. & Fl. Overcharge O`ver*charge" (?), v. t. [Cf. Supercharge, Surcharge.] 1. To charge or load too heavily; to burden; to oppress; to cloy. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. To fill too full; to crowd. Our language is overcharged with consonants. Addison. 3. To charge excessively; to charge beyond a fair rate or price. 4. To exaggerate; as, to overcharge a description. Overcharged mine. (Mil.) See Globe of compression, under Globe. Overcharge O`ver*charge", v. i. To make excessive charges. Overcharge O"ver*charge` (?), n. [Cf. Supercargo, Supercharge.] 1. An excessive load or burden. 2. An excessive charge in an account. Overclimb O`ver*climb" (?), v. t. To climb over. Surrey. Overcloud O`ver*cloud" (?), v. t. To cover or overspread with clouds; to becloud; to overcast. Overcloy O`ver*cloy" (?), v. t. To fill beyond satiety. Shak. Overcoat O"ver*coat` (?), n. [Cf. Surcoat.] A coat worn over the other clothing; a greatcoat; a topcoat. Overcold O"ver*cold" (?), a. Cold to excess. Wiseman. Overcolor O`ver*col"or (?), v. t. To color too highly. Overcome O`ver*come" (?), v. t. [imp. Overcame (?); p. p. Overcome; p. pr & vb. n. Overcoming.] [AS. ofercuman. See Over, Come, and cf. Supervene.] 1. To get the better of; to surmount; to conquer; to subdue; as, to overcome enemies in battle. This wretched woman overcome Of anguish, rather than of crime, hath been. Spenser. 2. To overflow; to surcharge. [Obs.] J. Philips. 3. To come or pass over; to spreads over. [Obs.] And overcome us like a summer's cloud. Shak. Syn. -- To conquer; subdue; vanquish; overpower; overthrow; overturn; defeat; crush; overbear; overwhelm; prostrate; beat; surmount. See Conquer. Overcome O`ver*come", v. i. To gain the superiority; to be victorious. Rev. iii. 21. Overcomer O`ver*com"er (?), n. One who overcomes. Overcoming O`ver*com"ing (?), a. Conquering; subduing. -- O`ver*com"ing*ly, adv. Overconfidence O"ver*con"fi*dence (?), n. Excessive confidence; too great reliance or trust. Overconfident O"ver*con"fi*dent (?), a. Confident to excess. -- O"ver*con"fi*dent*ly, adv. Overcostly O"ver*cost"ly (?), a. Too costly. Milton. Overcount O`ver*count" (?), v. t. To rate too high; to outnumber. Shak. Overcover O`ver*cov"er (?), v. t. To cover up. Shak. Overcredulous O"ver*cred"u*lous (?), a. Too credulous. Overcrow O`ver*crow" (?), v. t. To crow, exult, or boast, over; to overpower. Spenser. Shak. Overcrowd O`ver*crowd" (?), v. t. To crowd too much. Overcunning O"ver*cun"ning (?), a. Exceedingly or excessively cunning. Overcurious O"ver*cu"ri*ous (?), a. Too curious. Overdare O`ver*dare" (?), v. t. & i. To dare too much or rashly; to be too daring. Overdate O`ver*date" (?), v. t. To date later than the true or proper period. Milton. Overdeal O"ver*deal` (?), n. The excess. [Obs.] The overdeal in the price will be double. Holland. Overdelicate O"ver*del"i*cate (?), a. Too delicate. Overdelighted O"ver*de*light"ed (?), a. Delighted beyond measure. Overdight O"ver*dight" (?), a. Covered over. [Obs.] Spenser. Overdo O`ver*do" (?), v. t. [imp. Overdid (?); p. p. Overdone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overdoing.] 1. To do too much; to exceed what is proper or true in doing; to exaggerate; to carry too far. Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing. Shak. 2. To overtask. or overtax; to fatigue; to exhaust; as, to overdo one's strength. 3. To surpass; to excel. [R.] Tennyson. 4. To cook too much; as, to overdo the meat. Overdo O`ver*do", v. i. To labor too hard; to do too much. Overdoer O`ver*do"er (?), n. One who overdoes. Overdose O`ver*dose" (?), v. t. To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to. Overdose O"ver*dose`, n. Too great a dose; an excessive dose. Overdraw O`ver*draw" (?), v. t. [imp. Overdrew (?); p. p. Overdrawn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overdrawing.] 1. To exaggerate; to overdo. 2. (Banking) To make drafts upon or against, in excess of the proper amount or limit. Overdress O`ver*dress" (?), v. t. To dress or adorn to excess; to dress too much. Pope. Overdrink O`ver*drink" (?), v. t. & i. To drink to excess. Overdtive O`ver*dtive" (?), v. t. & i. To drive too hard, or far, or beyond strength. Overdrown O`ver*drown" (?), v. t. To wet or drench to excess. [Obs.] W. Browne. Overdry O`ver*dry" (?), v. t. To dry too much. Burton. Overdue O"ver*due" (?), a. Due and more than due; delayed beyond the proper time of arrival or payment, etc.; as, an overdue vessel; an overdue note. Overdye O`ver*dye" (?), v. t. To dye with excess of color; to put one color over (another). Shak. Overeager O`ver*ea"ger (?), a. Too eager; too impatient. -- O`ver*ea"ger*ly, adv. -- O"ver*ea"ger*ness, n. Overearnest O`ver*ear"nest (?), a. Too earnest. -- O"ver*ear"nest*ly, adv. -- O"ver*ear"nest*ness, n. Overeat O`ver*eat" (?), v. t. & i. 1. To gnaw all over, or on all sides. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To eat to excess; -- often with a reflexive. Overelegant O"ver*el"e*gant (?), a. Too elegant. Johnson. Overempty O`ver*emp"ty (?), v. t. To make too empty; to exhaust. [R.] Carew. Overest O"ver*est (?), a. [Superl. of Over.] Uppermost; outermost. Full threadbare was his overeste courtepy. Chaucer. <-- sic --> Overestimate O`ver*es"ti*mate (?), v. t. To estimate too highly; to overvalue. Overestimate O`ver*es"ti*mate (?), n. An estimate that is too high; as, an overestimate of the vote. Overexcite O`ver*ex*cite" (?), v. t. To excite too much. Overexcitement O"ver*ex*cite"ment (?), n. Excess of excitement; the state of being overexcited. Overexert O`ver*ex*ert" (?), v. t. To exert too much. Overexertion O"ver*ex*er"tion (?), n. Excessive exertion. Overexquisite O"ver*ex"qui*site (?), a. Too exquisite; too exact or nice; too careful. Overeye O`ver*eye" (?), v. t. 1. To superintend; to oversee; to inspect. [Obs.] 2. To see; to observe. [Obs.] Shak. Overfall O"ver*fall` (?), n. 1. A cataract; a waterfall. [Obs.] 2. (Naut.) A turbulent surface of water, caused by strong currents setting over submerged ridges; also, a dangerous submerged ridge or shoal. Overfatigue O"ver*fa*tigue" (?), n. Excessive fatigue. Overfatigue O`ver*fa*tigue", v. t. To fatigue to excess; to tire out. Overfeed O`ver*feed" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Overfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overfeeding.] To feed to excess; to surfeit. Overfierce O"ver*fierce" (?), a. Excessively fierce. overfill o`ver*fill" (?), v. t. To fill to excess; to surcharge. Overfish O`ver*fish" (?), v. t. To fish to excess. Overfloat O`ver*float" (?), v. t. To overflow. [R.] Dryden. Overflourish O`ver*flour"ish (?), v. t. 1. To make excessive display or flourish of. Collier. 2. To embellish with outward ornaments or flourishes; to varnish over. [Obs.] Shak. Overflow O`ver*flow" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overflowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overflowing.] [AS. oferfl. See Over, and Flow.] 1. To flow over; to cover woth, or as with, water or other fluid; to spread over; to inundate; to overwhelm. The northern nations overflowed all Christendom. Spenser. 2. To flow over the brim of; to fill more than full. Overflow O`ver*flow", v. i. 1. To run over the bounds. 2. To be superabundant; to abound. Rogers. Overflow O"ver*flow` (?), n. 1. A flowing over, as of water or other fluid; an inundation. Bacon. 2. That which flows over; a superfluous portion; a superabundance. Shak. 3. An outlet for the escape of surplus liquid. Overflow meeting, a meeting constituted of the surplus or overflow of another audience. Overflowing O`ver*flow"ing (?), n. An overflow; that which overflows; exuberance; copiousness. He was ready to bestow the overflowings of his full mind on anybody who would start a subject. Macaulay. Overflowingly O`ver*flow"ing*ly, adv. In great abundance; exuberantly. Boyle. Overflush O`ver*flush" (?), v. t. To flush to excess. [R.] Overflutter O`ver*flut"ter (?), v. t. To flutter over. Overflux O"ver*flux` (?), n. Overflow; exuberance. [R.] Overfly O`ver*fly" (?), v. t. [imp. Overflew (?); p. p. Overflown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overflying.] To cross or pass over by flight. Byron. Overfond O"ver*fond" (?), Milton. -- O"ver*fond"ly, adv. -- O"ver*fond"ness, n. Overforce O"ver*force` (?), n. Excessive force; violence. Overforward O"ver*for"ward (?), a. Forward to excess; too forward. -- O"ver*for"ward*ness, n. Overfree O"ver*free" (?), a. Free to excess; too liberal; too familiar. -- O"ver*free"ly, adv. Overfreight O`ver*freight" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overfreighted (Overfraught (?), obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Overfreighting.] To put too much freight in or upon; to load too full, or too heavily; to overload. Overfrequent O"ver*fre"quent (?), a. Too frequent. Overfrieze O`ver*frieze" (?), v. t. To cover with a frieze, or as with a frieze. E. Hall. Overfront O`ver*front" (?), v. t. To confront; to oppose; to withstand. [Obs.] Milton. Overfruitful O"ver*fruit"ful (?), a. Too fruitful. Overfull O"ver*full" (?), a. [AS. oferfull.] Too full; filled to overflowing; excessively full; surfeited. Shak. Overfullness O"ver*full"ness, n. The state of being excessively or abnormally full, so as to cause overflow, distention, or congestion; excess of fullness; surfeit. Over-garment O"ver-gar`ment (?), n. An outer garment. Overgarrison O`ver*gar"ri*son (?), v. t. To garrison to excess. Overgaze O`ver*gaze" (?), v. t. To gaze; to overlook. [Poetic] "Earth's o'ergazing mountains." Byron. Overget O`ver*get" (?), v. t. 1. To reach; to overtake; to pass. [Obs.] 2. To get beyond; to get over or recover from. [R.] Overgild O`ver*gild" (?), v. t. [AS. ofergyldan.] To gild over; to varnish. Overgird O`ver*gird" (?), v. t. To gird too closely. [R.] Overgive O`ver*give" (?), v. t. To give over; to surrender; to yield. [Obs.] Spenser. Overglad O"ver*glad" (?), a. Excessively or unduly glad. Overglance O`ver*glance" (?), v. t. To glance over. Overglide O`ver*glide" (?), v. t. To glide over. Wyatt. Overgloom O`ver*gloom" (?), v. t. To spread gloom over; to make gloomy; to overshadow. [R.] Overgloomed by memories of sorrow. De Quincey. Overgo O`ver*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Overwent (?); p. p. Overgone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overgoing.] [AS. oferg\'ben.] 1. To travel over. [R.] Shak. 2. To exceed; to surpass. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 3. To cover. [Obs.] Chapman. 4. To oppress; to weigh down. [Obs.] Shak. Overgorge O`ver*gorge" (?), v. t. To gorge to excess. Overgrace O`ver*grace" (?), v. t. To grace or honor exceedingly or beyond desert. [R.] Beau. & Fl. Overgrassed O"ver*grassed" (?), a. Overstocked, or overgrown, or covered, with grass. [Obs.] Spenser. Overgreat O`ver*great" (?), a. Too great. Overgreatness O"ver*great"ness, n. Excessive greatness. Overgreedy O"ver*greed"y (?), a. Excessively greedy. Overgross O"ver*gross" (?), a. Too gross. Overground O"ver*ground" (?), a. Situated over or above ground; as, the overground portion of a plant. Overgrow O`ver*grow" (?), v. t. [imp. Overgrew (?); p. p. Overgrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overgrowing.] 1. To grow over; to cover with growth or herbage, esp. that which is rank. The green . . . is rough and overgrown. Sir W. Scott. 2. To grow beyond; to rise above; hence, to overcome; to oppress. [Obs.] Mortimer. "O'ergrown with labor." Beau. & Fl. [Usually in the past participle.] Overgrow O`ver*grow", v. i. To grow beyond the fit or natural size; as, a huge, overgrown ox. L'Estrange. Overgrowth O"ver*growth` (?), n. Excessive growth. Overhall O`ver*hall" (?), v. t. See Overhaul. [Obs.] Overhale O`ver*hale" (?), v. t. See Overhaul. [Obs.] Overhand O"ver*hand` (?), n. The upper hand; advantage; superiority; mastery. He had gotten thereby a great overhand on me. Sir T. More. Overhand O"ver*hand`, a. 1. (Sewing) Over and over; -- applied to a style of sewing, or to a seam, in which two edges, usually selvedges, are sewed together by passing each stitch over both. 2. (Baseball, Cricket, etc.) Done (as pitching or bowling) with the hand higher than the elbow, or the arm above, or higher than, the shoulder. Overhand knot. See Illustration of Knot. Overhand O"ver*hand`, adv. In an overhand manner or style. Overhandle O`ver*han"dle (?), v. t. To handle, or use, too much; to mention too often. Shak. Overhang O`ver*hang" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhung (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhanging.] 1. To impend or hang over. [R.] Beau. & Fl. 2. To hang over; to jut or project over. Pope. Overhang O`ver*hang", v. i. To jut over. Milton. Overhang O`ver*hang`, n. (Arch.) 1. In a general sense, that which just out or projects; a projection; also, the measure of the projection; as, the overhang is five feet. 2. Specifically: The projection of an upper part (as a roof, an upper story, or other part) of a building beyond the lower part; as, the overhang of a roof, of the eaves, etc. 3. (Naut.) The portion of the bow or stem of a vessel that projects over the water beyond the water line. 4. (Mach.) The projection of a part beyond another part that is directly below it, or beyond a part by which it is supported; as, the overhang of a shaft; i. e., its projection beyond its bearing. Overhappy O"ver*hap"py (?), a. Exceedingly happy. Shak. Overharden O`ver*hard"en (?), v. t. To harden too much; to make too hard. Boyle. Overhardy O"ver*har"dy (?), a. Too hardy; overbold. Overhaste O"ver*haste` (?), n. Too great haste. Overhasty O"ver*has"ty (?), a. Too hasty; precipitate; rash. -- O"ver*has"ti*ly (#), adv. -- O`ver*has"ti*ness, n. Overhaul O`ver*haul" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhauled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhauling.] 1. To haul or drag over; hence, to turn over for examination; to inspect; to examine thoroughly with a view to corrections or repairs. 2. (Naut.) To gain upon in a chase; to overtake. To overhaul a tackle, to pull on the leading parts so as to separate the blocks. -- To overhaul running rigging, to keep it clear, and see that no hitch occurs. Overhaul, Overhauling O"ver*haul` (?), O`ver*haul"ing, n. A strict examination with a view to correction or repairs. Overhead O`ver*head" (?), adv. Aloft; above; in or attached to the ceiling or roof; in the story or upon the floor above; in the zenith. While overhead the moon Sits arbitress. Milton. NOTE: Also used adjectively; as, an overhead crane, gear, etc. Overhead engine, a vertical steam engine in which the cylinder stands above the crank. -- Overhead work, a general term in manufactories for countershafting and gearing, when overhead. Overhear O`ver*hear" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overheard (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhearing.] [AS. oferhi\'82ran.] 1. To hear more of (anything) than was intended to be heard; to hear by accident or artifice. Shak. 2. To hear again. ShaK. Overheat O`ver*heat" (?), v. t. [Cf. Superheat.] To heat to excess; to superheat. Cowper. Overheavy O"ver*heav`y (?), a. Excessively heavy. Overhele O`ver*hele" (?), v. t. [AS. oferhelian.] To hele or cover over. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Overhent O`ver*hent", v. t. [See Hent.] To overtake. [Obs.] So forth he went and soon them overhent. Spenser. Overhigh O"ver*high" (?), a. [AS. oferhe\'a0h.] Too high. Overhighly O"ver*high"ly, adv. Too highly; too greatly. Overhip O`ver*hip" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhipping.] [Over + a word akin to E. hop to skip.] To pass over by, or as by a hop; to skip over; hence, to overpass. [Obs.] "When the time is overhipt." Holland. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1023 Overhold O`ver*hold" (?), v. t. To hold or value too highly; to estimate at too dear a rate. [Obs.] Shak. Overhung O"ver*hung" (?), a. 1. Covered over; ornamented with hangings. Carlyle. 2. Suspended from above or from the top. Overhung door, a sliding door, suspended door, suspended from the top, as upon rollers. Overinfluence O`ver*in"flu*ence (?), v. t. To influence in an excessive degree; to have undue influence over. Overinform O`ver*in*form" (?), v. t. To inform, fill, or animate, excessively. [R.] Johnson. Overissue O"ver*is"sue (?), n. An excessive issue; an issue, as of notes or bonds, exceeding the limit of capital, credit, or authority. An overissue of government paper. Brougham. Overissue O`ver*is"sue, v. t. To issue in excess. Overjealous O`ver*jeal"ous (?), a. [Over + jealous. Cf. Overzealous.] Excessively jealous; too jealous. Overjoy O`ver*joy" (?), v. t. To make excessively joyful; to gratify extremely. Overjoy O"ver*joy` (?), n. Excessive joy; transport. Overjump O`ver*jump" (?), v. t. To jump over; hence, to omit; to ignore. Marston. Overking O"ver*king` (?), n. A king who has sovereignty over inferior kings or ruling princes. J. R. Green. Overknowing O"ver*know"ing (?), a. Too knowing or too cunning. Overlabor O`ver*la"bor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlabored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlaboring.] 1. To cause to labor excessively; to overwork. Dryden. 2. To labor upon excessively; to refine unduly. Overlade O`ver*lade" (?), v. t. [imp. Overladed; p. p. Overladen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlading.] [Cf. Overload.] To load with too great a cargo; to overburden; to overload. Spenser. Overland O"ver*land` (?), a. Being, or accomplished, over the land, instead of by sea; as, an overland journey. Overland O"ver*land`, adv. By, upon, or across, land. Overlander O"ver*land`er (?), n. One who travels over lands or countries; one who travels overland. Overlanguaged O"ver*lan"guaged (?), a. Employing too many words; diffuse. Lowell. Overlap O`ver*lap" (?), v. t. & i. To lap over; to lap. Overlap O"ver*lap` (?), n. 1. The lapping of one thing over another; as, an overlap of six inches; an overlap of a slate on a roof. 2. (Geol.) An extension of geological beds above and beyond others, as in a conformable series of beds, when the upper beds extend over a wider space than the lower, either in one or in all directions. Overlarge O"ver*large" (?), a. Too large; too great. Overlargeness O"ver*large"ness, n. Excess of size or bulk. Overlash O`ver*lash" (?), v. i. [Cf. Prov. E. lash extravagant, lashing lavish.] To drive on rashly; to go to excess; hence, to exaggerate; to boast. [Obs.] Barrow. Overlashing O`ver*lash"ing, n. Excess; exaggeration. [Obs.] Overlate O"ver*late" (?), a. Too late; exceedingly late. Overlave O`ver*lave" (?), v. t. To lave or bathe over. Overlavish O"ver*lav"ish (?), a. Lavish to excess. Overlay O`ver*lay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlaying.] 1. To lay, or spread, something over or across; hence, to cover; to overwhelm; to press excessively upon. When any country is overlaid by the multitude which live upon it. Sir W. Raleigh. As when a cloud his beams doth overlay. Spenser. Framed of cedar overlaid with gold. Milton. And overlay With this portentous bridge the dark abyss. Milton. 2. To smother with a close covering, or by lying upon. This woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it. 1 Kings iii. 19. A heap of ashes that o'erlays your fire. Dryden. 3. (Printing) To put an overlay on. Overlay O"ver*lay` (?), n. 1. A covering. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Printing) A piece of paper pasted upon the tympan sheet to improve the impression by making it stronger at a particular place. Overlayer O"ver*lay"er (?), n. One who overlays; that with which anything is overlaid. Overlaying O"ver*lay"ing, n. A superficial covering; a coating. Overlead O`ver*lead" (?), v. t. To domineer over; to affront; to treat with indignity. [Obs.] Chaucer. Overleap O`ver*leap" (?), v. t. [AS. oferhle\'a0pan. See Over, and Leap.] To leap over or across; hence, to omit; to ignore. "Let me o'erleap that custom." Shak. Overlearned O"ver*learn"ed (?), a. Too learned. -- O"ver*learn"ed, adv. -- O"ver*learn"ed*ness, n. Overleather O"ver*leath`er (?), n. Upper leather. Shak. Overleaven O`ver*leav"en (?), v. t. To leaven too much; hence, to change excessively; to spoil. [Obs.] Overliberal O"ver*lib"er*al (?), a. Too liberal. Overliberally O"ver*lib"er*al*ly, adv. In an overliberal manner. Overlick O`ver*lick" (?), v. t. To lick over. Overlie O`ver*lie" (?), v. t. [imp. Overlay (?); p. p. Overlain (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlying.] To lie over or upon; specifically, to suffocate by lying upon; as, to overlie an infant. Quain. A woman by negligence overlieth her child in her sleeping. Chaucer. Overlight O"ver*light` (?), n. Too strong a light. Bacon. Overlight O"ver*light", a. Too light or frivolous; giddy. Overliness O"ver*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being overly; carelessness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Overlinger O"ver*lin"ger (?), v. t. To cause to linger; to detain too long. [Obs.] Fuller. Overlip O"ver*lip` (?), n. [AS. oferlibban.] The upper lip. [Obs.] Chaucer. Overlive O`ver*live" (?), v. t. To outlive. Sir P. Sidney. The culture of Northumbria overlived the term of its political supermacy. Earle. Overlive O`ver*live" (?), v. i. To live too long, too luxuriously, or too actively. Milton. "Overlived in this close London life." Mrs. Browning. Overliver O"ver*liv"er (?), n. A survivor. Bacon. Overload O`ver*load" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overloaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Overloading.] [Cf. Overlade.] To load or fill to excess; to load too heavily. Overload O"ver*load` (?), n. An excessive load; the excess beyond a proper load. Overlogical O"ver*log"ic*al (?), a. Excessively logical; adhering too closely to the forms or rules of logic. Overlong O"ver*long" (?), a. & adv. Too long. Shak. Overlook O`ver*look" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlooking.] 1. To look down upon from a place that is over or above; to look over or view from a higher position; to rise above, so as to command a view of; as, to overlook a valley from a hill. "The pile o'erlooked the town." Dryden. [Titan] with burning eye did hotly overlook them. Shak. 2. Hence: To supervise; to watch over; sometimes, to observe secretly; as, to overlook a gang of laborers; to overlook one who is writing a letter. 3. To inspect; to examine; to look over carefully or repeatedly. "Overlook this pedigree." Shak. The time and care that are required To overlook and file and polish well. Roscommon. 4. To look upon with an evil eye; to bewitch by looking upon; to fascinate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Shak. If you trouble me I will overlook you, and then your pigs will die. C. Kingsley. 5. To look over and beyond (anything) without seeing it; to miss or omit in looking; hence, to refrain from bestowing notice or attention upon; to neglect; to pass over without censure or punishment; to excuse. The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked. Acts xvii. 30 (Rev. Ver. ) They overlook truth in the judgments they pass. Atterbury. The pardoning and overlooking of faults. Addison. Overlooker O"ver*look"er (?), n. One who overlooks. Overloop O"ver*loop` (?), n. See Orlop. [Obs.] Overlord O"ver*lord` (?), n. One who is lord over another or others; a superior lord; a master. Freeman. Overlordship O"ver*lord"ship (?), n. Lordship or supremacy of a person or a people over others. J. R. Green. Overloud O"ver*loud" (?), a. Too loud; noisy. Overlove O`ver*love" (?), v. t. To love to excess. Overluscious O"ver*lus"cious (?), a. Excessively luscious. Overlusty O"ver*lust"y (?), a. Too lusty, or lively. Shak. Overly O"ver*ly, a. 1. Careless; negligent; inattentive; superfical; not thorough. [Archaic] Bp. Hall. 2. Excessive; too much. [R.] Coleridge. Overly O"ver*ly, adv. In an overly manner. [Archaic] Overlying O`ver*ly"ing (?), a. Lying over or upon something; as, overlying rocks. Overmagnify O`ver*mag"ni*fy (?), v. t. To magnify too much. Bp. Hall. Overmalapert O"ver*mal"a*pert (?), a. Excessively malapert or impudent. [Obs.] Prynne. Overmanner O"ver*man`ner (?), adv. In an excessive manner; excessively. [Obs.] Wiclif. Overmarch O`ver*march" (?), v. t. & i. To march too far, or too much; to exhaust by marching. Baker. Overmast O`ver*mast" (?), v. t. (Naut.) To furnish (a vessel) with too long or too heavy a mast or masts. Overmaster O`ver*mas"ter (?), v. t. To overpower; to subdue; to vanquish; to govern. Overmatch O`ver*match" (?), v. t. 1. To be more than equal to or a match for; hence, to vanquish. Drayton. 2. To marry (one) to a superior. [Obs.] Burton. Overmatch O"ver*match` (?), n. One superior in power; also, an unequal match; a contest in which one of the opponents is overmatched. Milton. D. Webster. Overmeasure O`ver*meas"ure (?), v. t. To measure or estimate too largely. Overmeasure O"ver*meas`ure (?), n. Excessive measure; the excess beyond true or proper measure; surplus. Overmeddle O`ver*med"dle (?), v. t. To meddle unduly. Overmeddling O`ver*med"dling (?), n. Excessive interference. "Justly shent for their overmeddling." Fuller. Overmellow O"ver*mel"low (?), a. Too mellow; overripe. Overmerit O"ver*mer"it (?), n. Excessive merit. Bacon. Overmickle O"ver*mic"kle (?), a. & adv. Overmuch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Overmix O`ver*mix" (?), v. t. To mix with too much. Overmodest O"ver*mod"est (?), a. Modest to excess; bashful. -- O"ver*mod"est*ly, adv. Overmoist O"ver*moist" (?), a. Excessively moist. Bacon. Overmoisture O"ver*mois"ture (?), n. Excess of moisture. Overmore O"ver*more" (?), adv. Beyond; moreover. [Obs.] Overmorrow O"ver*mor"row (?), n. The day after or following to-morrow. [Obs.] Bible (1551). Overmost O"ver*most` (?), a. Over the rest in authority; above all others; highest. [Obs.] Fabyan. Overmount O`ver*mount" (?), v. t. [Cf. Surmount.] To mount over; to go higher than; to rise above. Overmuch O"ver*much" (?), a. Too much. -- adv. In too great a degree; too much. -- n. An excess; a surplus. Overmuchness O`ver*much"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being in excess; superabundance. [R.] B. Jonson. Overmultiply O`ver*mul"ti*ply (?), v. t. & i. To multiply or increase too much; to repeat too often. Overmultitude O`ver*mul"ti*tude (?), v. t. To outnumber. [Obs.] Overname O`ver*name" (?), v. t. To name over or in a series; to recount. [Obs.] Shak. Overneat O"ver*neat" (?), a. Excessively neat. Spectator. Overnice O"ver*nice" (?), a. Excessively nice; fastidious. Bp. Hall. -- O"ver*nice"ly, adv. -- O"ver*nice"ness, n. Overnight O"ver*night` (?), n. The fore part of the night last past; the previous evening. [R.] Shak. Overnight O"ver*night", adv. In the fore part of the night last past; in the evening before; also, during the night; as, the candle will not last overnight. I had been telling her all that happened overnight. Dickens. Overnoise O`ver*noise" (?), v. t. To overpower by noise. Overnumerous O"ver*nu"mer*ous (?), a. Excessively numerous; too many. Overoffice O`ver*of"fice (?), v. t. To domineer over by virtue of office. [Obs.] Shak. Overofficious O"ver*of*fi"cious (?), a. Too busy; too ready to intermeddle; too officious. Collier. Overpaint O`ver*paint" (?), v. t. To color or describe too strongly. Sir W. Raleigh. Overpamper O`ver*pam"per (?), v. t. To pamper excessively; to feed or dress too much. Dryton. Overpart O`ver*part" (?), v. t. To give too important or difficult a part to. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Overpass O`ver*pass" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpassing.] [Cf. Surpass.] 1. To go over or beyond; to cross; as, to overpass a river; to overpass limits. 2. To pass over; to omit; to overlook; to disregard. All the beauties of the East He slightly viewed and slightly overpassed. Milton. 3. To surpass; to excel. [R.] R. Browning. Overpass O`ver*pass", v. i. To pass over, away, or off. Overpassionate O"ver*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Passionate to excess. -- O"ver*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv. Overpatient O"ver*pa"tient (?), a. Patient to excess. Overpay O`ver*pay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpaying.] To pay too much to; to reward too highly. Overpeer O`ver*peer" (?), v. t. To peer over; to rise above. Overpeople O`ver*peo"ple (?), v. t. To people too densely. Overperch O`ver*perch" (?), v. t. To perch upon; to fly over. [Obs.] Shak. Overpersuade O`ver*per*suade" (?), v. t. To persuade or influence against one's inclination or judgment. Pope. Overpester O`ver*pes"ter (?), v. t. To pester exceedingly or excessively. Sir W. Raleigh. Overpicture O`ver*pic"ture (?), v. t. To surpass nature in the picture or representation of. [Obs.] "O'erpicturing that Venus." Shak. Overplease O`ver*please" (?), v. t. To please excessively. Overplus O"ver*plus (?), n. [Over + L. plus more. See Plus, and cf. Surplus.] That which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed; surplus. Shak. "The overplus of a great fortune." Addison. Overply O`ver*ply" (?), v. t. To ply to excess; to exert with too much vigor; to overwork. Milton. Overpoise O`ver*poise" (?), v. t. To outweigh; to overbalance. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Overpoise O"ver*poise`, n. Preponderant weight; a counterbalance. [R.] Mrs. Browning. Overpolish O`ver*pol"ish (?), v. t. To polish too much. Overponderous O"ver*pon"der*ous (?), a. Too heavy. Overpost O`ver*post" (?), v. t. To post over; to pass over swiftly, as by post. Shak. Overpotent O"ver*po"tent (?), a. Too potent or powerful. Overpower O`ver*pow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpowering.] To excel or exceed in power; to cause to yield; to vanquish; to subdue; as, the light overpowers the eyes. "And overpower'd that gallant few." Wordsworth. Syn. -- To overbear; overcome; vanquish; defeat; crush; overwhelm; overthrow; rout; conquer; subdue. Overpower O"ver*pow`er, n. A dominating power. Bacon. Overpowering O`ver*pow"er*ing, a. Excelling in power; too powerful; irresistible. -- O`ver*pow"er*ing*ly, adv. Overpraise O`ver*praise" (?), v. t. [Cf. Overprize, Superpraise.] To praise excessively or unduly. Overpraising O`ver*prais"ing, n. The act of praising unduly; excessive praise. Milton. Overpress O`ver*press" (?), v. t. 1. To bear upon with irresistible force; to crush; to overwhelm. Shak. 2. To overcome by importunity. Johnson. Overpressure O"ver*pres"sure (?), n. Excessive pressure or urging. London Athen\'91um. Overprize O`ver*prize" (?), v. t. [Cf. Overpraise.] Toprize excessively; to overvalue. Sir H. Wotton. Overproduction O"ver*pro*duc"tion (?), n. Excessive production; supply beyond the demand. J. S. Mill. Overprompt O"ver*prompt" (?), a. Too prompt; too ready or eager; precipitate. -- O`ver*prompt"ness, n. Overproof O"ver*proof" (?), a. Containing more alcohol than proof spirit; stronger than proof spirit; that is, containing more than 49.3 per cent by weight of alcohol. Overproportion O`ver*pro*por"tion (?), v. t. To make of too great proportion. Overproud O"ver*proud" (?), a. Exceedingly or unduly proud. "Overproud of his victory." Milton. Overprovident O"ver*prov"i*dent (?), a. Too provident. Overprovoke O`ver*pro*voke" (?), v. t. To provoke excessively. Bp. Hall. Overquell O`ver*quell" (?), v. t. To quell or subdue completely. [R.] Bp. Hall. Overquietness O"ver*qui"et*ness (?), n. Too much quietness. Sir. T. Browne. Overrake O`ver*rake" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overraked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overraking.] (Naut.) To rake over, or sweep across, from end to end, as waves that break over a vessel anchored with head to the sea. Overrank O"ver*rank" (?), a. Too rank or luxuriant. Overrate O`ver*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Overrating.] To rate or value too highly. Overrate O"ver*rate`, n. An excessive rate. [R.] Massinger. Overreach O`ver*reach" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overreached (?), (Overraught (, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Overreaching.] 1. To reach above or beyond in any direction. 2. To deceive, or get the better of, by artifice or cunning; to outwit; to cheat. Shak. Overreach O`ver*reach", v. i. 1. To reach too far; as: (a) To strike the toe of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the forefoot; -- said of horses. (b) (Naut.) To sail on one tack farther than is necessary. Shak. 2. To cheat by cunning or deception. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1024 Overreach O"ver*reach` (?), n. The act of striking the heel of the fore foot with the toe of the hind foot; -- said of horses. Overreacher O`ver*reach"er (?), n. One who overreaches; one who cheats; a cheat. Overread O`ver*read" (?), v. t. To read over, or peruse. Shak. Overready O"ver*read"y (?), a. Too ready. -- O"ver*read"*i*ly (#), adv. -- O"ver*read"i*ness, n. Overreckon O`ver*reck"on (?), v. t. To reckon too highly. Overred O`ver*red" (?), v. t. To smear with red. [Obs.] Overrefine O`ver*re*fine" (?), v. t. To refine too much. Overrefinement O"ver*re*fine"ment (?), n. Excessive refinement. Overrent O`ver*rent" (?), v. t. To rent for too much. Overrich O"ver*rich" (?), a. Exccessively rich. Override O`ver*ride" (?), v. t. [imp. Overrode (?); p. p. Overridden (?), Overrode, Overrid (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overriding.] [AS. offer\'c6dan.] 1. To ride over or across; to ride upon; to trample down. The carter overridden with [i. e., by] his cart. Chaucer. 2. To suppress; to destroy; to supersede; to annul; as, one low overrides another; to override a veto. 3. To ride beyond; to pass; to outride. [Obs.] I overrode him on the way. Shak. 4. To ride too much; to ride, as a horse, beyond its strength. Overrigged O"ver*rigged" (?), a. Having too much rigging. Overrighteous O"ver*right"eous (?), a. Excessively righteous; -- usually implying hypocrisy. Overrigid O"ver*rig"id (?), a. Too rigid; too severe. Overrigorous O"ver*rig"or*ous (?), a. Too rigorous; harsh. Overripe O"ver*ripe" (?), a. Matured to excess. Milton. Overripen O`ver*rip"en (?), v. t. To make too ripe. Shak. Overroast O`ver*roast" (?), v. t. To roast too much. Shak. Overrule O`ver*rule" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overruled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overruling.] 1. To rule over; to govern or determine by superior authority. 2. To rule or determine in a contrary way; to decide against; to abrogate or alter; as, God overrules the purposes of men; the chairman overruled the point of order. His passion and animosity overruled his conscience. Clarendon. These [difficulties] I had habitually overruled. F. W. Newman. 3. (Law) To supersede, reject, annul, or rule against; as, the plea, or the decision, was overruled by the court. Overrule O`ver*rule", v. i. To be superior or supreme in rulling or controlling; as, God rules and overrules. Shak. Overruler O`ver*rul"er (?), n. One who, or that which, controls, governs, or determines. Sir P. Sidney. Overruling O`ver*rul"ing, a. Exerting controlling power; as, an overruling Providence. -- O`ver*rul"ing*ly, adv. Overrun O`ver*run" (?), v. t. [imp. Overran (?); p. p. Overrun; p. pr. & vb. n. Overrunning. ] 1. To run over; to grow or spread over in excess; to invade and occupy; to take possession of; as, the vine overran its trellis; the farm is overrun with witch grass. Those barbarous nations that overran the world. Spenser. 2. To exceed in distance or speed of running; to go beyond or pass in running. Ahimaaz run by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi. 2 Sam. xviii. 23. 3. To go beyond; to extend in part beyond; as, one line overruns another in length. NOTE: &hand; In ma chinery, a sliding piece is said to overrun its bearing when its forward end goes beyond it. 4. To abuse or oppress, as if by treading upon. None of them the feeble overran. Spenser. 5. (Print.) (a) To carry over, or back, as type, from one line or page into the next after, or next before. (b) To extend the contents of (a line, column, or page) into the next line, column, or page. Overrun O`ver*run", v. i. 1. To run, pass, spread, or flow over or by something; to be beyond, or in excess. Despised and trodden down of all that overran. Spenser. 2. (Print.) To extend beyond its due or desired length; as, a line, or advertisement, overruns. Overrunner O`ver*run"ner (?), n. One that overruns. Lovelace. Oversaturate O`ver*sat"u*rate (?), v. t. [Cf. Supersaturate.] To saturate to excess. Oversay O`ver*say" (?), v. t. To say over; to repeat. Ford. Overscented O`ver*scent"ed (?), a. 1. Scented excessively. 2. Covered or concealed by a different odor. Fuller. Overscrupulosity O`ver*scru`pu*los"i*ty (?), n. Overscrupulousness. Overscrupulous O`ver*scru"pu*lous (?), a. Scrupulous to excess. Overscrupulousness O`ver*scru"pu*lous*ness, n. The quality or state of being overscrupulous; excess of scrupulousness. Oversea O"ver*sea" (?), a. Beyond the sea; foreign. Oversea, Overseas O"ver*sea" (?), O"ver*seas" (?), adv. Over the sea; abroad. Milton. Tennyson. Oversearch O`ver*search" (?), v. t. To search all over. Overseason O`ver*sea"son (?), v. t. To season too highly. Oversee O`ver*see" (?), v. t. [imp. Oversaw (?); p. p. Overseen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overseeing.] [AS. ofers\'82on to survey, to despise. See Over, and See.] 1. To superintend; to watch over; to direct; to look or see after; to overlook. 2. To omit or neglect seeing. Spenser. Oversee O`ver*see", v. i. To see too or too much; hence, to be deceived. [Obs.] The most expert gamesters may sometimes oversee. Fuller. Your partiality to me is much overseen, if you think me fit to correct your Latin. Walpole. Overseer O`ver*seer" (?), n. One who oversees; a superintendent; a supervisor; as, an overseer of a mill; specifically, one or certain public officers; as, an overseer of the poor; an overseer of highways. Overseership O`ver*seer"ship, n. The office of an overseer. Oversell O`ver*sell` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oversold (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overselling. ] 1. To sell for a higher price than; to exceed in selling price. One whose beauty Would oversell all Italy. Beau. & Fl. 2. To sell beyond means of delivery. [Brokers'Cant] Oversold market (Brokers' Cant), a market in which stocks or commodities have been sold "short" to such an extent that it is difficult to obtain them for delivery. Overset O`ver*set" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overset; p. pr. & vb. n. Oversetting. ] 1. To turn or tip (anything) over from an upright, or a proper, position so that it lies upon its side or bottom upwards; to upset; as, to overset a chair, a coach, a ship, or a building. Dryden. 2. To cause to fall, or to tail; to subvert; to overthrow; as, to overset a government or a plot. Addison. 3. To fill too full. [Obs.] Howell. Overset O`ver*set", v. i. To turn, or to be turned, over; to be upset. Mortimer. Overset O"ver*set` (?), n. 1. An upsetting; overturn; overthrow; as, the overset of a carriage. 2. An excess; superfluity. [Obs.] "This overset of wealth and pomp. " Bp. Burnel. Overshade O`ver*shade` (?), v. t. [AS. ofersceadwian. See Over, and Shade, and cf. Overshadow.] To cover with shade; to render dark or gloomy; to overshadow. Shak. Overshadow O`ver*shad"ow (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshadowed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overshadowing. ] [Cf. Overshade. ] 1. To throw a shadow, or shade, over; to darken; to obscure. There was a cloud that overshadowed them. Mark ix. 7. 2. Fig.: To cover with a superior influence. Milton. Overshadower O"ver*shad"ow*er (?), n. One that throws a shade, or shadow, over anything. Bacon. Overshadowy O"ver*shad"ow*y (?), a. Overshadowing. [R.] Overshake O`ver*shake" (?), v. t. To shake over or away; to drive away; to disperse. [Obs.] Chaucer. Overshine O`ver*shine" (?), v. t. 1. To shine over or upon; to illumine. Shak. 2. To excel in shining; to outshine. Shak. Overshoe O"ver*shoe` (?), n. A shoe that is worn over another for protection from wet or for extra warmth; esp., an India-rubber shoe; a galoche. Overshoot O`ver*shoot" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshot (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overshooting.] 1. To shoot over or beyond. "Not to overshoot his game." South. 2. To pass swiftly over; to fly beyond. Hartle. 3. To exceed; as, to overshoot the truth. Cowper. To overshoot one's self, to venture too far; to assert too much. Overshoot O`ver*shoot", v. i. To fly beyond the mark. Collier. Overshot O"ver*shot` (?), a. From Overshoot, v. t. Overshot wheel, a vertical water wheel, the circumference of which is covered with cavities or buckets, and which is turned by water which shoots over the top of it, filling the buckets on the farther side and acting chiefly by its we'ght. Oversight O"ver*sight` (?), n. 1. Watchful care; superintendence; general supervision. 2. An overlooking; an omission; an error. Hooker. 3. Escape from an overlooked peril. [R.] "His fool-happy oversight." Spenser. Syn. -- Superintendence; supervision; inspection; overlooking; inadvertence; neglect; mistake; error; omission. Oversize O`ver*size" (?), v. t. To surpass in size. Oversize O`ver*size", v. t. To cover with viscid matter. [R.] O'ersized with coagulate gore. Shak. Overskip O`ver*skip" (?), v. t. To skip or leap over; to treat with indifference. Shak. Overskirt O"ver*skirt` (?), n. An upper skirt, shorter than the dress, and usually draped. Overslaugh O"ver*slaugh` (?), n. [D. overslag.] A bar in a river; as, the overslaugh in the Hudson River. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Overslaugh O`ver*slaugh", v. t. [D. overslaan.] To hinder or stop, as by an overslaugh or an impediment; as, to overslaugh a bill in a legislative body; to overslaugh a military officer, that is, to hinder his promotion or employment. [Local Cant, U. S.] Oversleep O`ver*sleep" (?), v. t. To sleep beyond; as, to oversleep one's self or one's usual hour of rising. Oversleep O`ver*sleep", v. i. To sleep too long. Overslide O`ver*slide" (?), v. t. To slide over or by. Overslip O`ver*slip" (?), v. t. To slip or slide over; to pass easily or carelessly beyond; to omit; to neglect; as, to overslip time or opportunity. Overslop O"ver*slop` (?), n. [AS. oferslop.] An outer garment, or slop. [Obs.] Chaucer. Overslow O`ver*slow" (?), v. t. To render slow; to check; to curb. [Obs.] Hammond. Overslow O"ver*slow", a. Too slow. Oversman O"vers*man (?), n.; pl. Oversmen (. 1. An overseer; a superintendent. 2. (Scots Law) An umpire; a third arbiter, appointed when two arbiters, previously selected, disagree. Oversnow O`ver*snow" (?), v. t. To cover with snow, or as with snow. [Poetic] Shak. Dryden. Oversoon O"ver*soon" (?), adv. Too soon. Sir P. Sidney. Oversorrow O`ver*sor"row (?), v. t. To grieve or afflict to excess. [Obs.] Milton. Oversoul O"ver*soul` (?), n. The all-containing soul. [R.] That unity, that oversout, within which every man's particular being is contained and made one with all other. Emerson. Oversow O`ver*sow" (?), v. t. [AS. ofersawan.] To sow where something has already been sown. [R.] His enemy came and oversowed cockle among the wheat. Matt. x Overspan O`ver*span" (?), v. t. To reach or extend over. Overspeak O`ver*speak" (?), v. t. & i. [AS. ofersprecan.] To exceed in speaking; to speak too much; to use too many words. Overspin O`ver*spin" (?), v. t. To spin out to too great length; to protract unduly. W. Cartwright. Overspread O`ver*spread" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overspread; p. pr. & vb. n. Overspreading.] [AS. oferspr.] To spread over; to cover; as, the deluge overspread the earth. Chaucer. Those nations of the North Which overspread the world. Drayton. Overspread O`ver*spread", v. i. To be spread or scattered over. Overspring O`ver*spring" (?), v. t. To spring or leap over. Overstand O`ver*stand" (?), v. t. To stand on the price or conditions of, so as to lose a sale; to lose by an extravagant price or hard conditions. [Obs.] What madman would o'erstand his market twice ? Dryden. Overstare O`ver*stare" (?), v. t. To outstare. [Obs.] Shak. Overstare O`ver*stare", v. i. To stare wildly. [Obs.] Ascham. Overstate O`ver*state" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstated; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstating.] To state in too strong terms; to exaggerate. Fuller. Overstatement O"ver*state"ment (?), n. An exaggerated statement or account. Overstay O`ver*stay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstayed (?) or Overstaid (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstaying.] To stay beyond the time or the limits of; as, to overstay the appointed time. Bp. Hall. Overstep O`ver*step" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstepped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstepping.] [AS. ofersteppan.] To step over or beyond; to transgress. Shak. Overstock O"ver*stock` (?), n. Stock in excess. Tatler. Overstock O`ver*stock", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstocking.] To fill too full; to supply in excess; as, to overstock a market with goods, or a farm with cattle. Overstore O`ver*store" (?), v. t. To overstock. Sir. M. Hale. Over-story O`ver-sto`ry (?), n. (Arch.) The clearstory, or upper story, of a building. Overstrain O`ver*strain" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Overstrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstraining.] To strain one's self to excess. Dryden. Overstrain O`ver*strain", v. t. To stretch or strain too much; as to overstrain one's nerves. Ayliffe. Overstraitly O`ver*strait"ly (?), adv. Too straitly or strictly. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Overstraw O`ver*straw" (?), v. t. To overstrew. [Obs.] Shak. Overstrew O`ver*strew" (?), v. t. To strew or scatter over. Overstrict O"ver*strict" (?), a. Excessively strict. Overstride O`ver*stride" (?), v. t. To stride over or beyond. Overstrike O`ver*strike" (?), v. t. To strike beyond. [Obs.] Overstrow O`ver*strow" (?), v. t. See Overstrew. Overstudious O"ver*stu"di*ous (?), a. Too studious. Oversubtile O"ver*sub"tile (?), a. Excessively subtile. Oversum O"ver*sum` (?), n. A sum or quantity over; surplus. [Obs.] Holinshed. Oversupply O`ver*sup*ply" (?), v. t. To supply in excess. Oversupply O"ver*sup*ply`, n. An excessive supply. A general oversupply or excess of all commodities. J. S. Mill. Oversure O"ver*sure" (?), a. Excessively sure. Oversway O`ver*sway" (?), v. t. To bear sway over. Overswell O`ver*swell" (?), v. t. & i. To swell or rise above; to overflow. [R.] Shak. Overt O"vert (?), a. [OF. overt, F. ouvert, p. p. of OF. ovrir, F. ouvrir, to open, of uncertain origin; cf. It. aprire, OIt. also oprire, L. aperire to open, operire to cover, deoperire to uncover. Perch. from L. aperire influenced by F. couvrir to cover. Cf. Aperient, Cover.] 1. Open to view; public; apparent; manifest. Overt and apparent virtues bring forth praise. Bacon. 2. (Law) Not covert; open; public; manifest; as, an overt act of treason. Macaulay. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. Constitution of the U. S. NOTE: &hand; In cr iminal la w, an ov ert ac t is an open done in pursuance and manifestation of a criminal design; the mere design or intent not being punishable without such act. In English law, market overt is an open market; a pound overt is an open, uncovered pound. Overtake O`ver*take" (?), v. t. [imp. Overtook (?); p. p. Overtaken (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overtaking.] 1. To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress, or motion; to catch up with. Follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say . . . Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good. Gen. xliv. 4. He had him overtaken in his flight. Spenser. 2. To come upon from behind; to discover; to surprise; to capture; to overcome. If a man be overtaken in a fault. Gal. vi. 1 I shall see The winged vengeance overtake such children. Shak. 3. Hence, figuratively, in the past participle (overtaken), drunken. [Obs.] Holland. Overtalk O`ver*talk" (?), v. i. To talk to excess. Milton. Overtask O`ver*task" (?), v. t. To task too heavily. Overtax O`ver*tax" (?), v. t. To tax or to task too heavily. Overtedious O`ver*te"di*ous (?), a. Too tedious. Overtempt O`ver*tempt" (?), v. t. To tempt exceedingly, or beyond the power of resistance. Milton. Overthrow O`ver*throw" (?), v. t. [imp. Overthrew (?); p. p. Overthrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overthrowing.] 1. To throw over; to overturn; to upset; to turn upside down. His wife overthrew the table. Jer. Taylor. 2. To cause to fall or to fail; to subvert; to defeat; to make a ruin of; to destroy. When the walls of Thebes he overthrew. Dryden. [Gloucester] that seeks to overthrow religion. Shak. Syn. -- To demolish; overturn; prostrate; destroy; ruin; subvert; overcome; conquer; defeat; discomfit; vanquish; beat; rout. Overthrow O"ver*throw` (?), n. 1. The act of overthrowing; the state of being overthrow; ruin. Your sudden overthrow much rueth me. Spenser. ______________________________________________________________ Page 1025 2. (a) (Baseball) The act of throwing a ball too high, as over a player's head. (b) (Cricket) A faulty return of the ball by a fielder, so that striker makes an additional run. Overthwart O"ver*thwart" (?), a. 1. Having a transverse position; placed or situated across; hence, opposite. "Our overthwart neighbors." Dryden. 2. Crossing in kind or disposition; perverse; adverse; opposing. "Overthwart humor." Clarendon. Overthwart O"ver*thwart", adv. Across; crosswise; transversely. "Y'clenched overthwart and endelong." Chaucer. Overthwart O"ver*thwart", prep. Across; from alde to side of. "Huge trees overthwart one another." Milton. Overthwart O"ver*thwart`, n. That which is overthwart; an adverse circumstance; opposition. [Obs.] Surrey. , v. t. To cross; to oppose. [Obs.] Overthwartly O`ver*thwart"ly, adv. In an overthwart manner;across; also, perversely. [Obs.] Peacham. Overthwartness O"ver*thwart"ness, n. The state of being overthwart; perverseness. [Obs.] Lord Herbert. Over O`ver* (?), v. t. To tilt over; to overturn. Overtime O"ver*time` (?), n. Time beyond, or in excess of, a limit; esp., extra working time. Overtire O`ver*tire" (?), v. t. To tire to excess; to exhaust. Overtire O`ver*tire", v. t. To become too tired. Br. Hall. Overtitle O`ver*ti"tle (?), v. t. To give too high a title to. Overtly O"vert*ly (?), adv. Publicly; openly. Overtoil O`ver*toil" (?), v. t. To overwork. Overtoil O`ver*toil", v. t. To weary excessively; to exhaust. Then dozed a while herself, but overtoiled By that day's grief and travel. Tennyson. Overtone O"ver*tone` (?), n. [A translation of G. oberton. See Over,Tone.] (Mus.) One of the harmonics faintly heard with and above a tone as it dies away, produced by some aliquot portion of the vibrating sting or column of air which yields the fundamental tone; one of the natural harmonic scale of tones, as the octave, twelfth, fifteenth, etc.; an aliquot or "partial" tone; a harmonic. See Harmonic, and Tone. Tyndall. Overtop O`ver*top" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overtopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overtopping.] 1. To rise above the top of; to exceed in height; to tower above. "To old Pelion." Shak. 2. To go beyond; to transcend; to transgress. If kings presume to overtop the law by which they reign, . . . they are by law to be reduced into order. Milton. 3. To make of less importance, or throw into the background, by superior excellence; to dwarf; to obscure. Becon. Overtower O`ver*tow"er (?), v. t. To tower over or above. Overtower O`ver*tow"er, v. i. To soar too high. [R.] Fuller. Overtrade O`ver*trade" (?), v. i. To trade beyond one's capital; to buy goods beyond the means of paying for or seleng them; to overstock the market. Overtrading O`ver*trad"ing (?), n. The act or practice of buying goods beyond the means of payment; a glutting of the market. Overtread O`ver*tread" (?), v. t. [AS. oferiredan.] To tread over or upon. Overtrip O`ver*trip" (?), v. t. To trip over nimbly. Overtroubled O`ver*trou"bled (?), a. Excessively troubled. Overtrow O`ver*trow" (?), v. i. To be too trustful or confident; to trust too much. [Obs.] Wyclif Overtrust O"ver*trust` (?), n. Excessive confidence. Overtrust O`ver*trust", v. t. & i. To trust too much. Bp. Hall. Overture O"ver*ture (?), [OF. overture, F. ouverture, fr. OF. ovrir, F. ouvrir. See Overt.] 1. An opening or aperture; a recess; a recess; a chamber. [Obs.] Spenser. "The cave's inmost overture." Chapman. 2. Disclosure; discovery; revelation. [Obs.] It was he That made the overture of thy treasons to us. Shak. 3. A proposal; an offer; a proposition formally submitted for consideration, acceptance, or rejection. "The great overture of the gospel." Barrow. 4. (Mus.) A composition, for a full orchestra, designed as an introduction to an oratorio, opera, or ballet, or as an independent piece; -- called in the latter case a concert overture. Overture O"ver*ture, v. t. To make an overture to; as, to overture a religious body on some subject. Overturn O`ver*turn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overturned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overturning.] 1. To turn or throw from a basis, foundation, or position; to overset; as, to overturn a carriage or a building. 2. To subvert; to destroy; to overthrow. 3. To overpower; to conquer. Milton. Syn. -- To demolish; overthrow. See Demolish. Overturn O"ver*turn`, n. The act off overturning, or the state of being overturned or subverted; overthrow; as, an overturn of parties. Overturnable O`ver*turn"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, overturned or subverted. Overturner O`ver*turn"er (?), n. One who overturns. South. Overvail O`ver*vail" (?), v. t. See Overveil. Overvaluation O"ver*val`u*a"tion (?), n. Excessive valuation; overestimate. Overvalue O`ver*val"ue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overvalued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overvaluing.] 1. To value excessively; to rate at too high a price. "To overvalue human power." Holyday. 2. To exceed in value. [R.] H. Brooke. Overveil O`ver*veil" (?), v. t. To veil or cover. Shak. Overview O"ver*view` (?), n. [Cf. Survey.] An inspection or overlooking. [Obs.] Shak. Overvote O`ver*vote" (?), v. t. To outvote; to outnumber in votes given. [R.] Eikon Basilike. Overwalk O`ver*walk" (?), v. t. To walk over or upon. Overwar O`ver*war" (?), v. t. To defeat. [Obs.] Warner. Overwary O"ver*wa"ry (?), a. Too wary; too cautious. Overwash O`ver*wash" (?), v. t. To overflow. Holinshed. Overwasted O`ver*wast"ed (?), a. Wasted or worn out; [Obs.] Drayton. Overwatch O"ver*watch" (?), v. t. 1. To watch too much. 2. To weary or exhaust by watching. Dryden. Overwax O`ver*wax" (?), v. i. To wax or grow too rapindly or too much. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester. Overweak O"ver*weak" (?), a. Too weak; too feeble. Overwear O`ver*wear" (?), v. t. To wear too much; to wear out. Drayton. Overweary O"ver*wea"ry (?) v. t. To weary too much; to tire out. Dryden. Overweather O`ver*weath"er (?), v. t. To expose too long to the influence of the weather. [Obs.] Shak. Overween O`ver*ween" (?), v. t. [AS. oferw. See Over, and Ween.] To think too highly or arrogantly; to regard one's own thinking or conclusions too highly; hence, to egotistic, arrogant, or rash, in opinion; to think conceitedly; to presume. They that overween, And at thy growing virtues fret their spleen. Milton. Overweener O`ver*ween"er (?), n. One who overweens. [R.] The conceits of warmed or overweening brain. Locke. Overweening O`ver*ween"ing, a. Unduly confident; arrogant; presumptuous; conceited. -- O`ver*ween"ingly, adv. Milton. -- O`ver*ween"ing*ness, n. Here's an overweening rogue. Shak. Overweening O`ver*ween"ing, n. Conceit; arrogance. Milton. Overweigh O`ver*weigh" (?), v. t. To exceed in weight; to overbalance; to weigh down. Drayton. Hooker. Overweight O"ver*weight` (?), n. 1. Weight over and above what is required by law or custom. 2. Superabundance of weight; preponderance. Overweight O"ver*weight", a. Overweighing; excessive. [Obs.] "Of no overweight worth." Fuller. Overwell O`ver*well" (?), v. t. To overflow. R. D. Blackmore. Overwet O"ver*wet (?), n. Excessive wetness. [Obs.] Another ill accident is, overwet at sowing time. Bacon. Overwhelm O`ver*whelm" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overwhelmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overwhelming.] 1. To cover over completely, as by a great wave; to overflow and bury beneath; to ingulf; hence, figuratively, to immerse and bear down; to overpower; to crush; to bury; to oppress, etc., overpoweringly. The sea overwhelmed their enemies. Ps. lxxviii. 53. Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath overwhelmed me. Ps. lv. 5. Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o'erwhelm them. Shak. Gaza yet stands; but all her sons are fallen, All in a moment overwhelmed and fallen. Milton. 2. To project or impend over threateningly. His louering brows o'erwhelming his fair sight. Shak. 3. To cause to surround, to cover. Papin. Overwhelm O"ver*whelm`, n. The act of overwhelming. [R.] Overwhelming O`ver*whelm"ing, a. Overpowering; irresistible. -- O`ver*whelm"ing*ly, adv. Overwind O`ver*wind" (?), v. t. To wind too tightly, as a spring, or too far, as a hoisting rope on a drum. Overwing O`ver*wing" (?), v. t. To outflank. [Obs.] Milton. Overwise O"ver*wise" (?), a. Too wise; affectedly wise. -- O`ver*wise"ly, adv. -- O`ver*wise"ness, n. Overwit O`ver*wit" (?), v. t. To outwit. Swift. Overword O`ver*word" (?), v. t. To say in too many words; to express verbosely. Hales. Overwork O`ver*work" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overworked (?) or Overwrought (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overworking.] 1. To work beyond the strength; to cause to labor too much or too long; to tire excessively; as, to overwork a horse. 2. To fill too full of work; to crowd with labor. My days with toil are overwrought. Longfellow. 3. To decorate all over. Overwork O`ver*work", v. t. To work too much, or beyond one's strength. Overwork O"ver*work`, n. Work in excess of the usual or stipulated time or quantity; extra work; also, excessive labor. Overworn O`ver*worn" (?), p. p. & a. from Overwear, v. t. Worn out or subdued by toil; worn out so as to be trite. Overwrest O`ver*wrest" (?), v. t. To wrest or force from the natural or proper position. Shak. Overwrestle O`ver*wres"tle (?), v. t. To subdue by wrestling. [Obs.] Spenser. Overwrought O`ver*wrought (?), p. p. & a. from Overwork. Wrought upon excessively; overworked; overexcited. Overzeal O"ver*zeal (?), n. Excess of zeal. Fairfax. Overzealous O"ver*zeal"ous (?), a. Too zealous. Ovicapsule O`vi*cap"sule (?), n. [Ovum + capsule.] 1. (Anat) The outer layer of a Graafian follicle. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as O\'94theca. Ovicell O"vi*cell` (?), n. [Ovum + cell.] (Zo\'94l) One of the dilatations of the body wall of Bryozoa in which the ova sometimes undegro the first stages of their development. See Illust. of Chilostoma. Ovioular O*vio"u*lar (?), a. [L. ovum an egg.] (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an egg. Ovicyst O"vi*cyst (?), n. [Ovum + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) The pouch in which incubation takes place in some Tunicata. Ovidian O*vid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Latin poet Ovid; resembling the style of Ovid. Oviducal O`vi*du"cal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to oviducts; as, oviducal glands. Oviduct O"vi*duct (?), n. [Ovum + duct: cf. F. oviducte.] (Anat.) A tube, or duct, for the passage of ova from the ovary to the exterior of the animal or to the part where further development takes place. In mammals the oviducts are also called Fallopian tubes. Oviferous O*vif"er*ous (?), a. [Ovum + -ferous: cf. F. ovif\'8are.] (Biol.) Egg-bearing; -- applied particularly to certain receptacles, as in Crustacea, that retain the eggs after they have been excluded from the formative organs, until they are hatched. Oviform O"vi*form (?), a. [Ovum + -form: cf. F. oviforme.] (Biol.) Having the form or figure of an egg; egg-shaped; as, an oviform leaf. Ovigerons O*vig"er*ons (?), a. [Ovum + -gerous: cf. F. ovigere.] (Biol.) Bearing eggs; oviferous. Ovile O"vile (?), a. See Ovine. Ovine O"vine (?), a. [L. ovinus, fr. ovis sheep: cf. F. ovine.] Of or pertaining to sheep; consisting of sheep. Ovipara O*vip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Oviparous.] (Zo\'94l.) An artifical division of vertebrates, including those that lay eggs; -opposed to Vivipara. Oviparity O`vi*par"i*ty (?), n. [See Oviparous.] (Biol.) Generatuon by means of ova. See Generation. Oviparous O*vip"a*rous (?), a. [L. oviparus; ovum egg + parere to bring forth: cf. F. ovipare.] (Physiol.) Producing young from rggs; as, an oviparous animal, in which the egg is generally separated from the animal, and hatched after exclusion; -- opposed to viviparous. Oviposit O`vi*pos"it (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oviposited; p. pr. & vb. n. Ovipositing.] [See Ovum, and Posit.] To lay or deposit eggs; -- said esp. of insects. Oviposit O`vi*pos"it, v. t. To deposit or lay (an egg). Ovipositing, Oviposition O`vi*pos"it*ing (?), O`vi*po*si"tion (?), n. The depositing of eggs, esp. by insects. Ovipositor O`vi*pos"i*tor (?), n. [L. ovum an egg + positor a placer, fr. ponere to place.] (Zo\'94l.) The organ with which many insects and some other animals deposit their eggs. Some ichneumon files have a long ovipositor fitted to pierce the eggs or larv\'91 of other insects, in order to lay their own eggs within the same. Ovisac O"vi*sac (?), n. [Ovum + sac.] (Anat) (a) A Graafian follicle; any sac containing an ovum or ova. (b) The inner layer of the fibrous wall of a Graafian follicle. Ovist O"vist (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Ovulist. Ovococcus O`vo*coc"cus (?), n.; pl. Ovococci (#). [Ovum + Gr. (Biol.) A germinal vesicle. Ovoid, Ovoidal O"void (?), O*void"al (?), a. [Ovum + -oid: cf. F. ovo\'8bde.] Resembling an egg in shape; egg-shaped; ovate; as, an ovoidal apple. Ovoid O"void (?), n. A solid resembling an egg in shape. Ovolo O"vo*lo (?), n. [It. ovolo, uovolo, fr. L. ovum an egg. Cf. Ovule.] (Arch.) A round, convex molding. See Illust. of Column. NOTE: &hand; In Ro man wo rk it is us ually a quarter circle in section; in Greek work it is flatter, and is equivalent to the echinus; that is, it has in section the elastic curve of the shell of the sea urchin. In medi\'91val architecture it is not distinguishable from the multitude of convex moldings, of all sections, which are used. Ovology O*vol"o*gy (?), n. [Ovum + -logy. Cf. F. ovologie.] That branch of natural history which treats of the origin and functions of eggs. Ovoplasma O`vo*plas"ma (?), n. [Ovum + plasma.] (Boil.) Yolk; egg yolk. Haeckel. Ovotesttis O`vo*test"tis (?), n. [NL. See Ovum, and Testis.] (Zo\'94l.) An organ which produces both ova and spermatozoids; an hermaphrodite gland. Ovoviviparous O*vo*vi*vip"a*rous (?), a. [Ovum + viviparous: cf. F. ovovivipare.] (Biol.) Oviparous, but hatching the egg while it is within the body, as some fishes and reptiles. Ovular O"vu*lar (?), a. (Biol.) Relating or belonging to an ovule; as, an ovular growth. Ovulary O"vu*la*ry (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to ovules. Ovulate O"vu*late (?), a. (Biol.) Containing an ovule or ovules. Ovulation O`vu*la"tion (?), n. (Phisiol.) The formation of ova or eggs in the ovary, and the discharge of the same. In the mammalian female the discharge occurs during menstruation. Ovule O"vule (?), n. [Dim. of L. ovum an egg: cf. F. ovule. Cf. Ovolo, Ovulum.] (Biol.) (a) The rudiment of a seed. It grows from a placenta, and consists of a soft nucleus within two delicate coatings. The attached base of the ovule is the hilum, the coatings are united with the nucleus at the chalaza, and their minute orifice is the foramen. (b) An ovum. Ovuliferous O`vu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Ovule + -ferous.] (biol.) Producing ovules. Ovulist O"vu*list (?) n. (Biol.) A believer in the theory (called encasement theory), current during the last century, that the egg was the real animal germ, and that at the time of fecundation the spermatozoa simply gave the impetus which caused the unfolding of the egg, in which all generations were inclosed one within the other. Also called ovist. Ovulite O"vu*lite (?), n. [Ovum + -lite.] A fossil egg. Ovulum O"vu*lum (?), n.; pl. Ovula (#). [NL. See Ovule.] (Biol.) An ovule. Ovum O"vum (?), n.; pl. L. Ova (#), E. Ovums (#). [L., an egg. See Oval.] 1. (Biol.) A more or less spherical and transparent mass of granular protoplasm, which by a process of multiplication and growth develops into a mass of cells, constituting a new individual like the parent; an egg, spore, germ, or germ cell. See Illust. of Mycropyle. NOTE: &hand; Th e ov um is a typical cell, with a cell wall, cell substance, nucleus, and nucleolus. In man and the higher animals the cell wall, a vertically striated membrane, is called the zona pellucida; the cell contents, the vitellus; the nucleus, the germinal vesicle; and the nucleolus, the germinal spot. The diameter of the ripe ovum in man and the domestic animals varies between 1-200 and 1-120 of an inch. ______________________________________________________________ Page 1026 2. (Arch.) One of the series of egg-shaped ornaments into which the ovolo is often carved. Gwilt. Owch Owch (?), n. See Ouch. [Obs.] Speser. Owe Owe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owed (?), (Ought ( obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Owing (?).] [OE. owen, awen,aghen, to have, own, have (to do), hence, owe, AS. \'began to have; akin to G. eigen, a., own, Icel. eiga to have, Dan. eie, Sw. \'84ga, Goth. \'a0igan, Skr. Ought, v., 2d Own, Fraught.] 1. To possess; to have, as the rightful owner; to own. [Obs.] Thou dost here usurp The name thou ow'st not. Shak. 2. To have or possess, as something derived or bestowed; to be obliged to ascribe (something to some source); to be indebted or obliged for; as, he owed his wealth to his father; he owed his victoty to his lieutenants. Milton. O deem thy fall not owed to man's decree. Pope. 3. Hence: To have or be under an obigation to restore, pay, or render (something) in return or compensation for something received; to be indebted in the sum of; as, the subject owes allegiance; the fortunate owe assistance to the unfortunate. The one ought five hundred pence, and the other fifty. Bible (1551). A son owes help and honor to his father. Holyday. NOTE: &hand; Ow e wa s so metimes fo llowed by an objective clause introduced by the infinitive. "Ye owen to incline and bow your heart." Chaucer. 4. To have an obligation to (some one) on account of something done or received; to be indebted to; as, to iwe the grocer for supplies, or a laborer for services. Owel Ow"el (?), a. [OF. oel, owel, iwel,ivel, F. \'82gal, fr. L. aequalis.] (Law) Equal. [Obs.] Burrill. Owelty Ow"el*ty (?), n. [OF. oelt\'82, ivelt\'82.] (Law) Equality; -- sometimes written ovelty and ovealty. Burrill. Owen Ow"en (?), a.[See Own.] Own. [Obs.] Chaucer. Owenite Ow"en*ite (?), n. A follower of Robert Owen, who tried to reorganize society on a socialistic basis, and established an industrial community on the Clyde, Scotland, and, later, a similar one in Indiana. Owher O"wher (?), adv. [AS. \'behw\'91r.] Anywhere. [Obs.] "If he found owher a good fellow." Chaucer. Owing Ow`ing (?), P. p. & a. [Used in a passive sense for owed (AS. \'begen. See Own).] 1. Had or held under obligation of paying; due. There is more owing her than is paid. Shak. 2. Had or experienced as a consequence, result, issue, etc.; ascribable; -- with to; as, misfortunes are often owing to vices; his failure was owing to speculations. Owl Owl (?), n. [AS. ; akin to D. uil, OHG. , G. eule, Icel. ugla, Sw. ugla, Dan. ugle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any cpecies of raptorial birds of the family Strigid\'91. They have large eyes and ears, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits. NOTE: &hand; So me sp ecies ha ve erectile tufts of feathers on the head. The feathers are soft and somewhat downy. The species are numerous. See Barn owl, Burrowing owl, Eared owl, Hawk owl, Horned owl, Screech owl, Snowy owl, under Barn\'3c Burrowing, etc. NOTE: &hand; In the Scriptures the owl is commonly associated with desolation; poets and story-tellers introduce it as a bird of ill omen. . . . The Greeks and Romans made it the emblem of wisdom, and sacred to Minerva, -- and indeed its large head and solemn eyes give it an air of wisdom. Am. Cyc. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the domestic pigeon. Owl monkey (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of South American nocturnal monkeys of the genus Nyctipithecus. They have very large eyes. Called also durukuli. -- Owl moth ( (Zo\'94l.), a very large moth (Erebus strix). The expanse of its wings is over ten inches. -- Owl parrot (Zo\'94l.), the kakapo. -- Sea owl (Zo\'94l.), the lumpfish. -- Owl train, a cant name for certain railway trains whose run is in the nighttime. Owl Owl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Owled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Owling.] 1. To pry about; to prowl. [Prov. Eng.] 2. To carry wool or sheep out of England. [Obs.] NOTE: &hand; Th is wa s fo rmerly il legal, and was done chiefly by night. 3. Hence, to carry on any contraband trade. [Eng.] Owler Owl"er (?), n. [From Owl, v. i.] One who owls; esp., one who conveys contraband goods. See Owling, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown. Owlery Owl"er*y (?), n.; pl. Owleries (. An abode or a haunt of owls. Owlet Owl"et (?), n. [Dim. of owl. Cf. Howlet.] (Zo\'94l.) A small owl; especially, the European species (Athene noctua), and the California flammulated owlet (Megascops flammeolus). Owlet moth (Zo\'94l.), any noctuid moth. Owl-eyed Owl"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes like an owl's. Owling Owl"ing, n. [From Owl, v. i.] (O. Eng. Law) The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England contrary to the statute formerly existing. Blackstone. Owlish Owl"ish, a. Resembling, or characteristic of, an owl. Owlism Owl"ism (?), n. Affected wisdom; pompous dellness. [R.] Owllight Owl"light` (?), n. Glimmering or imperfect [R.] Bp. Warburton. Own Own (?), v. t. [OE. unnen to grant, permit, be pleased with, AS. unnan to grant; akin to OS. giunnan, G. g\'94nnen, Icel. unna; of uncertain origin. This word has been confused with own to possess.] To grant; to acknowledge; to admit to be true; to confess; to recognize in a particular character; as, we own that we have forfeited your love. The wakeful bloodhound rose, and shook his hide owns. Keats. Own Own, a. [OE. owen, awen, auen, aughen, AS. \'begen, p. p. of \'began to possess; akin to OS. &emac;gan, G. & D. eigen, Icel. eiginn, Sw. & Dan. egen. &root;110. See Owe.] Belonging to; belonging exclusively or especially to; peculiar; -- most frequently following a possessive pronoun, as my, our, thy, your, his, her, its, their, in order to emphasize or intensify the idea of property, peculiar interest, or exclusive ownership; as, my own father; my own composition; my own idea; at my own price. "No man was his own [i. e., no man was master of himself, or in possession of his senses]." Shak. To hold one's own, to keep or maintain one's possessions; to yield nothing; esp., to suffer no loss or disadvantage in a contest. Shak. Own Own, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Owning.] [OE. ohnien, ahnien, AS. \'begnian, fr. \'begen own, a. See Own, a.] To hold as property; to have a legal or rightful title to; to be the proprietor or possessor of; to possess; as, to own a house. Owner Own"er (?), n. One who owns; a rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not. Shak. Ownerless Own"er*less, a. Without an owner. Ownership Own"er*ship, n. The state of being an owner; the right to own; exclusive right of possession; legal or just claim or title; proprietorship. Owre Owre (?), n. [AS. r; akin to G. auerochs, OHG. , ohso, Icel. .] (Zo\'94l.) The aurohs. [Obs.] Owse, Owser Owse (?), Ow"ser (?), n. Tanner's ooze. See Ooze, 3. Ox Ox (?), n.; pl. Oxen (#). [AS. oxa; akin to D. os. G. ochs, ochse, OHG. ohso, Icel. oxi, Sw. & Dan. oxe, Goth. a\'a3hsa, Skr. ukshan ox, bull; cf. Skr. uksh to sprinkle. Humid, Aurochs.] (Zo\'94l.) The male of bovine quadrupeds, especially the domestic animal when castrated and grown to its full size, or nearly so. The word is also applied, as a general name, to any species of bovine animals, male and female. All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field. Ps. viii. 7. NOTE: &hand; Th e castrated male is called a steer until it attains its full growth, and then, an ox; but if castrated somewhat late in life, it is called a stag. The male, not castrated, is called a bull. These distinctions are well established in regard to domestic animals of this genus. When wild animals of this kind are spoken of, ox is often applied both to the male and the female. The name ox is never applied to the individual cow, or female, of the domestic kind. Oxen may comprehend both the male and the female. Grunting ox (Zo\'94l.), the yak. -- Indian ox (Zo\'94l.), the zebu. -- Javan ox (Zo\'94l.), the banteng. -- Musk ox. (Zo\'94l.) See under Musk. -- Ox bile. See Ox gall, below. -- Ox gall, the fresh gall of the domestic ox; -- used in the arts and in medicine. -- Ox pith, ox marrow. [Obs.] Marston. -- Ox ray (Zo\'94l.), a very large ray (Dicerobatis Giorn\'91) of Southern Europe. It has a hornlike organ projecting forward from each pectoral fin. It sometimes becomes twenty feet long and twenty-eight feet broad, and weighs over a ton. Called also sea devil. -- To have the black ox tread on one's foot, to be unfortunate; to know what sorrow is (because black oxen were sacrificed to Pluto). Leigh Hunt. Oxacid Ox`ac"id (?), n. (Chem.) See Oxyacid. Oxalan Ox"a*lan (?), n. [From Alloxan, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous substance C3N3H5O3 obtained from alloxan (or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a stable white crystalline powder; -- called also oxaluramide. Oxalantin Ox`a*lan"tin (?), n. [From Alloxantin, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C6H4N4O5) obtained by the reduction of parabanic acid; -- called also leucoturic acid. Oxalate Ox"a*late (?), n. [Cf. F. oxalate. See Oxalic.] (Chem.) A salt of oxalic acid. Oxaldehyde Ox*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) Same as Glyoxal. Oxalethyline Ox`al*eth"yl*ine (?), n. [Oxalic + ethyl + -ine.] A poisonous nitrogenous base (C6H10N2) obtained indirectly from oxamide as a thick transparent oil which has a strong narcotic odor, and a physiological action resembling that of atropine. It is probably related to pyridine. Oxalic Ox*al"ic (?), a. [From Oxalis: cf. F. oxalique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, sorrel, or oxalis; specifically, designating an acid found in, and characteristic of, oxalis, and also certain plant of the Buckwheat family. Oxalic acid (Chem.), a dibasic acid, existing combined in oxalis as an acid potassium oxalate, and in many plant tissues as the calcium oxalate. It is prepared on a large scale, by the action of fused caustic soda or potash on sawdust, as a white crystalline substance, which has a strong acid taste, and is poisonous in large doses. It is used in dyeing, calico printing, bleaching flax and straw, the preparation of formic acid, and in salts of lemon for removing ink stains, mold, etc. Oxaline Ox"a*line (?), n. [Glyoxal + -ine.] (Chem.) See Glyoxaline. Oxalis Ox"a*lis (?), n. [L., a kind of sorrel, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants,mostly herbs, with acid-tasting trifoliolate or multifoliolate leaves; -- called also wood sorrel. Oxalite Ox"a*lite (?), n. (Min.) A yellow mineral consisting of oxalate of iron. Oxaluramide Ox`a*lur*am"ide (?), n. [Oxaluric + amide.] (Chem.) Same as Oxalan. Oxalurate Ox`a*lur"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxaluric acid. Oxaluric Ox`a*lur"ic (?), a. [Oxalyl + urea.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid related to the ureids, and obtained from parabanic acid as a white silky crystalline substance. Oxalyl Ox"a*lyl (?), n. [Oxalic + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A hydrocarbon radical (C2O2) regarded as a residue of oxalic acid and occurring in derivatives of it. (b) An old name for carbonyl. (c) An old name for carboxyl. Oxamate Ox*am"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxamic acid. Oxamethane Ox`a*meth"ane (?), n. [Oxamic + ethyl.] (Chem.) Ethyl oxamate, obtained as a white scaly crystalline powder. Oxamethylane Ox`a*meth"yl*ane (?), n. [Oxamic + methyl.] (Chem.) Methyl oxamate, obtained as a pearly white crystalline substance. Oxamic Ox*am"ic (?), a. [Oxalic + amido] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid NH2.C2O2.HO obtained as a fine crystalline powder, intermediate between oxalic acid and oxamide. Its ammonium salt is obtained by boiling oxamide with ammonia. Oxamide Ox*am"ide (?), n, [Oxalic + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline neutral substance (C2O2(NH2)2) obtained by treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide of oxalic acid. Formerly called also oxalamide. Oxamidine Ox*am"i*dine (?), n. [Oxygen + amido + -ine.] (Chem.) One of a series of bases containing the amido and the isonitroso groups united to the same carbon atom. Oxanillamide Ox`a*nill*am"ide (?), n. [Oxanilic + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly by the action of cyanogen on aniline, and regarded as an anilide of oxamic acid; -- called also phenyl oxamide. Oxanilate Ox*an"i*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxanilic acid. Oxanilic Ox`an*il"ic (?), a. [Oxalic + aniline.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, oxalic acid and aniline; -- used to designate an acid obtained in white crystalline scales by heating these substances together. Oxanilide Ox*an"i*lide (?), n. [Oxalic + aniline + amide.] (Chem.) a white crystalline substance, resembling oxanilamide, obtained by heating aniline oxalate, and regarded as a double anilide of oxalic acid; -- called also diphenyl oxamide. Oxbane Ox"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) A poisonous bulbous plant (Buphane toxicaria) of the Cape of Good Hope. Oxbird Ox"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The sanderling. (c) An African weaver bird (Textor alector). Oxbiter Ox"bit`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The cow blackbird. [Local, U. S.] Oxbow Ox"bow` (?), n. A frame of wood, bent into the shape of the letter U, and embracing an ox's neck as a kind of collar, the upper ends passing through the bar of the yoke; also, anything so shaped, as a bend in a river. Oxeye Ox"eye` (?), n. [Ox + eye.] 1. (Bot.) (a) The oxeye daisy. See under Daisy. (b) The corn camomile (Anthemis arvensis). (c) A genus of composite plants (Buphthalmum) with large yellow flowers. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A titmouse, especially the great titmouse (Parus major) and the blue titmouse (P. c\'d2ruleus). [Prov. Eng.] (b) The dunlin. (c) A fish; the bogue, or box. Creeping oxeye (Bot.) a West Indian composite plant (Wedelia carnosa). -- Seaside oxeye (Bot.), a West Indian composite shrub (Borrichia arborescens). Oxeyed Ox"*eyed` (?), a. Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox. Burton. Oxfly Ox"fly` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gadfly of cattle. Oxford Ox"ford (?), a. Of or pertaining to the city or university of Oxford, England. Oxford movement. See Tractarianism. -- Oxford School, a name given to those members of the Church of England who adopted the theology of the so-called Oxford "Tracts for the Times," issued the period 1833 -- 1841. Shipley. -- Oxford tie, a kind of shoe, laced on the instep, and usually covering the foot nearly to the ankle. Oxgang Ox"gang` (?), n. [Ox + gang, n., 1.] (O. Eng. Law) See Bovate. Oxgoad Ox"goad` (?), n. A goad for driving oxen. Oxhead Ox"head` (?), n. [Cf. Hogshead.] Literally, the head of an ox (emblem of cuckoldom); hence, a dolt; a blockhead. Dost make a mummer of me, oxhead? Marston. Oxheal Ox"heal` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Bear's-foot. Oxheart Ox"heart` (?), n. A large heart-shaped cherry, either black, red, or white. Oxhide Ox"hide` (?), n. 1. The skin of an ox, or leather made from it. 2. (O. Eng. Law) A measure of land. See 3d Hide. Oxid Ox"id (?), n. (Chem.) See Oxide. Oxidability Ox`i*da*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. oxydabilit\'82.] Capability of being converted into an oxide. Oxidable Ox"i*da*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. oxydable.] Capable of being converted into an oxide. Oxidate Ox"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidating.] [Cf. f. oxyder. See Oxide.] (Chem.) To oxidize. [Obs.] Oxidation Ox`i*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. oxidation.] (Chem.) The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of being oxidized. Oxidator Ox"i*da`tor (?), n. 1. An oxidizer. [Obs.] 2. A contrivance for causing a current of air to impinge on the flame of the Argand lamp; -- called also oxygenator. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1027 Oxide Ox"ide (?), n. [F. oxyg\'8ane oxigen + acide acid: cf. F. oxyde. The French word was correctly spelt oxide, till about the year 1840, when, in ignorance or forgetfulness of the true history and composition of the word, the orthography was change to make it represent the u of Gr. 'oxy`s, from which it was supposed to be directly derived.] (Chem.) A binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a compound which is regarded as binary; as, iron oxide, ethyl oxide, nitrogen oxide, etc. NOTE: &hand; In th e ch emical no menclature ad opted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide) properties, as contrasted with the acid, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. The orthography oxyde, oxyd, etc., was afterwards introduced in ignorance or disregard of the true etymology, but these forms are now obsolete in English. The spelling oxid is not common. Oxidizable Ox"i*di`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being oxidized. Oxidize Ox"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidizing.] (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent. Specifically: (a) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as, to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid. (b) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde. (c) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic compound; as, to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride. NOTE: &hand; In ce rtain ca ses to ox idize is identical with to acidify; for, in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc., pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically in the acid state. Oxidizement Ox"i*dize`ment (?), n. Oxidation. [R.] Oxidizer Ox"i*di`zer (?), n. (Chem.) An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings about combination with oxygen; as, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, etc., are strong oxidizers. Oxidulated Ox*id"u*la`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Existing in the state of a protoxide; -- said of an oxide. [R.] Oxime Ox"ime (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones. Oxindol Ox*in"dol (?), n. [Oxygen + indol.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C8H7NO) of the indol group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. It is a so-called lactam compound. Oxiodic Ox`i*od"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of iodine and oxygen. Oxlike Ox"like (?), a. Characteristic of, or like, an ox. Oxlip Ox"lip` (?), n. [AS. oxanslyppe. See Ox, and Cowslip.] (Bot.) The great cowslip (Primula veris, var. elatior). Oxonate Ox"o*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxonic acid. Oxonian Ox*o"ni*an (?), a. Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford, England. Macaulay. Oxonian Ox*o"ni*an, n. A student or graduate of Oxford University, in England. Oxonic Ox*on"ic (?), a. [Prob. glyoxalic + carbonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid (C4H5N3O4) not known in the free state, but obtained, in combination with its salts, by a slow oxidation of uric acid, to which it is related. Oxpecker Ox"peck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An African bird of the genus Buphaga; the beefeater. Oxshoe Ox"shoe` (?), n. A shoe for oxen, consisting of a flat piece of iron nailed to the hoof. Oxter Ox"ter (?), n. [AS. &omac;hsta.] The armpit; also, the arm. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Oxtongue Ox"tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants, from the shape and roughness of their leaves; as, Anchusa officinalis, a kind of bugloss, and Helminthia echioides, both European herbs. Oxy- Ox"y- (?). (Chem.) A prefix, also used adjectively, designating: (a) A compound containing oxygen. (b) A compound containing the hydroxyl group, more properly designated by hydroxy-. See Hydroxy-. Oxy acid. See Oxyacid (below). Oxyacetic Ox`y*a*ce"tic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + acetic.] Hydroxyacetic; designating an acid called also glycolic acid. Oxyacid Ox`y*ac"id (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + acid.] (Chem.) An acid containing oxygen, as chloric acid or sulphuric acid; -- contrasted with the hydracids, which contain no oxygen, as hydrochloric acid. See Acid, and Hydroxy-. Oxyammonia Ox`y*am*mo"ni*a (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + ammonia.] (Chem.) Same as Hydroxylamine. Oxybenzene Ox`y*ben"zene (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + benzene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy benzene. Same as Phenol. Oxybenzoic Ox`y*ben*zo"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + benzoic.] (Chem.) Hydroxybenzoic; pertaining to, or designating, any one of several hydroxyl derivatives of benzonic acid, of which the commonest is salicylic acid. Oxybromic Ox`y*bro"mic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of oxygen and bromine. Oxybutyric Ox`y*bu*tyr"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + butyric.] (Chem.) Hydroxybutyric; designating any one of a group of metameric acids (C3H6.OH.CO2H). Oxycalcium Ox`y*cal"ci*um (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + calcium.] Of or pertaining to oxygen and calcium; as, the oxycalcium light. See Drummond light. Oxycaproic Ox`y*ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See Leucic. Oxychloric Ox`y*chlo"ric (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + chloric.] (Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or designating in general, certain compounds containing oxygen and chlorine. (b) Formerly designating an acid now called perchloric acid. See Perchloric. Oxychloride Ox`y*chlo"ride (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + chloride.] (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; as, plumbic oxychloride. Oxycrate Ox"y*crate (?), n. [Gr. oxycrat.] (med.) A Mixture of water and vinegar. Wiseman. Oxycymene Ox`y*cy"mene (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + cymene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy cymene. Same as Carvacrol. Oxygen Ox"y*gen (?) n. [F. oxyg\'8ane, from Gr. acid.] 1. (Chem.) A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96. NOTE: &hand; It oc curs co mbined in im mense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called oxidation, of which combustion is only an intense modification. At ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate. This element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc.), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature. 2. Chlorine used in bleaching. [Manufacturing name] Oxygenate Ox"y*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxygenating (?).] [Cf. F. oxyg\'82ner.] (Chem.) To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; as, oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide). Oxygenation Ox`y*gen*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. oxyg\'82nation.] (Chem.) The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen; oxidation. Oxygenator Ox"y*gen*a`tor (?), n. An oxidizer. Oxygenic Ox`y*gen"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing oxygen. Oxygenium Ox`y*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) The technical name of oxygen. [R.] Oxygenizable Ox"y*gen*i"za*ble (?), a. (Chem.) Oxidizable. Oxygenize Ox"y*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Oxygenizing (?).] (Chem.) To oxidize. Oxygenizement Ox"y*gen*ize`ment (?), n. Oxidation. Oxygenous Ox*yg"e*nous (?), a. Oxygenic. Oxygon Ox"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. oxygone.] (Geom.) A triangle having three acute angles. Oxygonal, Oxygonial Ox*yg"o*nal (?), Ox`y*go"ni*al (?), a. Having acute angles. Barlow. OxYh\'91macyanin, Oxyh\'91mocyanin Ox`Y*h\'91m`a*cy"a*nin (?), Ox`y*h\'91m`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + h\'91macyanin, h\'91mocyanin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See H\'91macyanin. Oxyh\'91moglobin, Oxyhemoglobin Ox`y*h\'91m`o*glo"bin, Ox`y*hem`o*glo"bin (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + h\'91moglobin, hemoglobin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Hemoglobin. Oxyhydrogen Ox`y*hy"dro*gen (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + hydrogen.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; as, oxyhydrogen gas. Oxyhydrogen blowpipe. (Chem.) See Blowpipe. -- Oxyhydrogen microscope, a form of microscope arranged so as to use the light produced by burning lime or limestone under a current of oxyhydrogen gas. Oxymel Ox"y*mel (?), n. [L. oxymeli, Gr. (Med.) A mixture of honey, water, vinegar, and spice, boiled to a sirup. Sir T. Elyot. Oxymethylene Ox`y*meth"yl*ene, n. [Oxy- (a) + methylene.] (Chem.) Formic aldehyde, regarded as a methylene derivative. Oxymoron Ox`y*mo"ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which an epithet of a contrary signification is added to a word; e. g., cruel kindness; laborious idleness. Oxymuriate Ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?), n. (Old Chem.) A salt of the supposed oxymuriatic acid; a chloride. Oxymuriate of lime, chloride of lime. Oxymuriatic Ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + muriatic: cf. F. oxymuriatique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, oxygen and muriatic acid, that is, hydrochloric acid. [Archaic.] Oxymuriatic acid, chlorine, formerly so called on the supposition that it was a compound of oxygen and muriatic acid. [Obs.] Oxyneurine Ox`y*neu"rine (?), n. (Chem.) See Betaine. Oxyntic Ox*yn"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Acid; producing acid; -applied especially to certain glands and cells in the stomach. Oxyopia, Oxyopy Ox`y*o"pi*a (?), Ox"y*o`py (?), n. [NL. oxyopia, from Gr. (Med.) Excessive acuteness of sight. Oxyphenic Ox`y*phe"nic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + phenol.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the phenol formerly called oxyphenic acid, and now oxyphenol and pyrocatechin. See Pyrocatechin. Oxyphenol Ox`y*phe"nol (?), n. (Chem.) A phenol, oxyphenic acid, and now pyrocatechin. Oxyphony Ox*yph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. Acuteness or shrillness of voice. Oxyquinoline Ox`y*quin"o*line (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + quinoline.] (Chem.) Hydroxy quinoline; a phenol derivative of quinoline, -- called also carbostyril. Oxyrhyncha Ox`y*rhyn"cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The maioid crabs. Oxyrrhodine Ox*yr"rho*dine (?), n. [Gr. 'oxy`s acid + (Med.) A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of roses. Floyer. Oxysalt Ox"y*salt (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + salt.] (Chem.) A salt of an oxyacid, as a sulphate. Oxysulphide Ox`y*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and sulphur. Oxysulphuret Ox`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) An oxysulphide. [Obsolescent] Oxytocic Ox`y*toc"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Promoting uterine contractions, or parturition. -- n. An oxytocic medicine or agent. Oxytoluene Ox`y*tol"u*ene (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + toluene.] One of three hydroxy derivatives of toluene, called the cresols. See Cresol. Oxytone Ox"y*tone (?), a. [Gr. Having an acute sound; (Gr. Gram.), having an acute accent on the last syllable. Oxytone Ox"y*tone, n. 1. An acute sound. 2. (Gr. Gram.) A word having the acute accent on the last syllable. Oxytonical Ox`y*ton"ic*al (?), a. (Gr. Gram.) Oxytone. Oyer O"yer (?), n. [Anglo F., a hearing, from OF. o\'8br, F. ou\'8br, to hear, L. audire. See Audible.] (Law) A hearing or an inspection, as of a deed, bond, etc., as when a defendant in court prays oyer of a writing. Blackstone. Oyer and terminer (Law), a term used in England in commissions directed to judges of assize about to hold court, directing them to hear and determine cases brought before them. In the U.S. the phrase is used to designate certain criminal courts. Oyez O"yez` (&omac;y&ecr;s; 277), interj. [Anglo-F. oyez hear ye. See Oyer.] Hear; attend; -- a term used by criers of courts to secure silence before making a proclamation. It is repeated three times. [Written also oyes.] Oylet Oy"let (?), n. [See Eyelet.] 1. See Eyelet. 2. (Arch.) Same as Oillet. Oynoun Oy"noun (?), n.Onion. [Obs.] Chaucer. Oyster Oys"ter (?), n. [OF. oistre, F. hu\'8ctre, L. ostrea, ostreum,Gr. Osseous, Ostracize.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers. The common European oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the American oyster (Ostrea Virginiana), are the most important species. 2. A name popularly given to the delicate morsel contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl. Fresh-water oyster (Zo\'94l.), any species of the genus Etheria, and allied genera, found in rivers of Africa and South America. They are irregular in form, and attach themselves to rocks like oysters, but they have a pearly interior, and are allied to the fresh-water mussels. -- Oyster bed, a breeding place for oysters; a place in a tidal river or other water on or near the seashore, where oysters are deposited to grow and fatten for market. See lst Scalp, n. -- Oyster catcher (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of wading birds of the genus H\'91matopus, which frequent seashores and feed upon shellfish. The European species (H. ostralegus), the common American species (H. palliatus), and the California, or black, oyster catcher (H. Bachmani) are the best known. -- Oyster crab (Zo\'94l.) a small crab (Pinnotheres ostreum) which lives as a commensal in the gill cavity of the oyster. -- Oyster dredge, a rake or small dragnet of bringing up oyster from the bottom of the sea. -- Oyster fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tautog. (b) The toadfish. -- Oyster plant. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Tragopogon (T. porrifolius), the root of which, when cooked, somewhat resembles the oyster in taste; salsify; -- called also vegetable oyster. (b) A plant found on the seacoast of Northern Europe, America and Asia (Mertensia maritima), the fresh leaves of which have a strong flavor of oysters. -- Oyster plover. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Oyster catcher, above. -- Oyster shell (Zo\'94l.), the shell of an oyster. -- Oyster wench, Oyster wife, Oyster women, a women who deals in oysters. -- Pearl oyster. (Zo\'94l.) See under Pearl. -- Thorny oyster (Zo\'94l.), any spiny marine shell of the genus Spondylus. Oyster Oys"ter (?), n. (Bot.) A green membranous seaweed (Ulva) often found growing on oysters but common on stones, piles, etc. Oystering Oys"ter*ing, n. Gathering, or dredging for, oysters. Oysterling Oys"ter*ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young oyster. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1028 Ozona O*zo"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ozaena, Gr. (Med.) A discharge of fetid matter from the nostril, particularly if associated with ulceration of the soft parts and disease of the bones of the nose. Ozocerite O`zo*ce"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A waxlike mineral resin; -- sometimes called native paraffin, and mineral wax. Ozonation O`zo*na"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of treating with ozone; also, the act of converting into, or producing, ozone; ozonization. Ozone O"zone (?), n. [Gr. Odor.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous substance (O Ozonic O*zon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, ozone. Ozonification O*zo`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Ozone + L. -ficare to make. See fy. ] (Chem.) The act or process of producing, or of subjecting to the action of, ozone. Ozonization O`zo*ni*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Ozonation. Ozonize O"zo*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ozonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ozonizing.] (Chem.) (a) To convert into ozone, as oxygen. (b) To treat with ozone. Ozonizer O"zo*ni`zer (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus or agent for the production or application of ozone. Ozonometer O`zo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Ozone + -meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, or in any gaseous mixture. Faraday. Ozonometric O`zo*no*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or used for, the determination of the amount of ozone; of or relating to ozonometry. Ozonometry O`zo*nom"e*try (?), n. (Chem.) The measurement or determination of the quantity of ozone. Ozonoscope O*zo"no*scope (?), n. [Ozone + -scope.] (Chem.) An apparatus employed to indicate the presence, or the amount, of ozone. Ozonoscopic O*zo`no*scop"ic (?), a. [Ozone + Gr. (Chem.) Serving to indicate the presence or the amount of ozone. Ozonous O"zo*nous (?), a. Pertaining to or containing, ozone. _________________________________________________________________