Unabridged Dictionary - Letter P
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P
Pack
Pack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.]
[Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka. See
Pack, n.]
1. To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack;
hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into
close order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to pack
fish.
Strange materials packed up with wonderful art. Addison.
Where . . . the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed. Shak.
2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely,
as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow
away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk;
the play, or the audience, packs the theater.
3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game
unfairly.
And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. Pope.
4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in
order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes.
The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of
Italian bishops. Atterbury.
5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.]
He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed
by his enemies. Fuller.
6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a
horse.
Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey. Shack.
7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to
send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack
a boy off to school.
He . . . must not die
Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven. Shak.
8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on
the backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.]
9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous
coverings. See Pack, n., 5.
10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with
suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving
passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the
piston of a steam engine.
Pack
Pack, v. i.
1. To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely
for transportation.
2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or
storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form
a compact mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs
well.
3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch
begin to pack. [Eng.]
4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away.
Poor Stella must pack off to town Swift.
You shall pack, And never more darken my doors again. Tennyson.
5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to
join in collusion. [Obs.] "Go pack with him." Shak.
To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to
dismiss unceremoniously. "The parliament . . . presently sent him
packing. South.
Package
Pack"age (?), n.
1. Act or process of packing.
2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel;
as, a package of goods.
3. A charge made for packing goods.
4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or
exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.
Packer
Pack"er (?), n. A person whose business is to pack things; especially,
one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer.
Packet
Pack"et (?), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source
as E. pack. See Pack.]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of
letters. Shak.
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or
mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails,
passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat.
Packet boat, ship, OR vessel. See Packet, n., 2. -- Packet day, the
day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet
note OR post. See under Paper.
Packet
Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Packeting.]
1. To make up into a packet or bundle.
2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.
Her husband Was packeted to France. Ford.
Packet
Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.
Packfong
Pack"fong` (?), n. [Chin. peh tung.] (Metal.) A Chinese alloy of
nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver.
Pack herse
Pack herse. See under 2d Pack.
Packhouse
Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse for storing goods.
Packing
Pack"ing, n.
1. The act or process of one who packs.
2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close. Specifically
(Mach.): A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a)
A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted
between the surfaces of a flange joint. (b) The substance in a
stuffing box, through which a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring,
as of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as
inside a cylinder, etc.
3. (Masonry) Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.]
4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale.
Cherd packing (Bridge Building), the arrangement, side by side, of
several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the
bottom of a chord. Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing box. See under
Stuffing. -- Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool,
hay, etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston.
-- Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for packing goods. (b) A sheet
prepared for packing hydropathic patients.
Packman
Pack"man (?), n.; pl. Packmen (. One who bears a pack; a peddler.
Pack saddle, Pack thread
Pack saddle, Pack thread. See under 2d Pack.
Packwax
Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Paxwax.
Packway
Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals.
Paco, Pacos
Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?), n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv. paco. Cf. Alpaca.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Alpaca.
2. [Peruv. paco, pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver;
perh. a different word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore, consisting of
brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver. Ure.
Pact
Pact (?), n. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract,
fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr.
p\'beca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.] An
agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon.
The engagement and pact of society whish goes by the name of the
constitution. Burke.
Paction
Pac"tion (?), n. [L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.] An agreement;
a compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
Pactional
Pac"tion*al (?), a. Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction. Bp.
Sanderson.
Pactitious
Pac*ti"tious (?), a. [L. pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by a pact, or
agreement. [R.] Johnson.
Pactolian
Pac*to"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient
Lydia famous for its golden sands.
Pacu
Pa"cu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American freah-water fish (Myleies
pacu), of the family Characinid\'91. It is highly esteemed as food.
Pad
Pad (?), n. [D. pad. &root;21. See Path.]
1. A footpath; a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison
An abbot on an ambling pad. Tennyson.
3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually
called a footpad. Gay. Byron.
4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.]
Pad
Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.]
Padding the streets for half a crown. Somerville.
Pad
Pad, v. i.
1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan.
2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.
3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.]
Pad
Pad, n. [Perh. akin to pod.]
1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.
2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one
formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting
paper; a block of paper.
3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.
4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses
to prevent bruising.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side
of the toes of animals.
6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant.
7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part,
etc.
8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the
deck. W. C. Russel.
9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of
soles. [Eng.] Simmonds.
Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above.
-- Pad tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives
rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight.
Pad
Pad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n. Padding.]
1. To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding.
2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad
cloth. Ure.
Padar
Pad"ar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Groats; coarse flour or meal.
[Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton.
Padder
Pad"der (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, pads.
2. A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.]
Padding
Pad"ding, n.
1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.
2. The material with which anything is padded.
3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc.
London Sat. Rev.
4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.
Paddle
Pad"dle (?), v. i. [Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also
E. pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short steps,
to paddle, G. patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F. patouiller to
dabble, splash, fr. patte a paw.
1. To use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes.
[Obs.] Shak.
2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or
something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat,
etc.
As the men were paddling for their lives. L'Estrange.
While paddling ducks the standing lake desire. Gay.
Paddle
Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paddling
(?)]
1. To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.
To be paddling palms and pinching fingers. Shak.
2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles.
3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.]
Paddle
Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle, v. i.]
1. An implement with a broad blade, which is used without a fixed
fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats.
2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence,
any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle.
Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon. Deut. xxiii. 13.
3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water
wheel, or paddle wheel.
4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; --
also called clough.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle.
6. A paddle-shaped implement for string or mixing.
7. [In this sense prob. for older spaddle, a dim. of spade.] See
Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.]
Paddle beam (Shipbuilding), one of two large timbers supporting the
spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See
Paddle, n., 3. -- Paddle box, the structure inclosing the upper part
of the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the revolving
shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle
staff. (a) A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers.
[Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; --
called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle steamer, a steam vessel
propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller. --
Paddle wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles
(or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane
parallel to the vessel's length.
Paddlecock
Pad"dle*cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lumpfish. [Prov. Eng.]
Paddlefish
Pad"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l) A large ganoid fish (Polyodon
spathula) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long
spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed cat, and spoonbill
sturgeon.
Padder
Pad"der (?), n. One who, or that which, paddles.
Paddlewood
Pad"dle*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The light elastic wood of the
Aspidosperma excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily
split into planks.
Paddock
Pad"dock (?), n. [OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad, padde,
toad, Icel. & Sw. padda, Dan. padde.] (Zo\'94l.) A toad or frog.
Wyclif. "Loathed paddocks." Spenser Paddock pipe (Bot.), a
hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum, especially E. limosum and
the fruiting stems of E. arvense; -- called also padow pipe and toad
pipe. See Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See Toadstone. -- Paddock stool
(Bot.),a toadstool.
Paddock
Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.]
1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.]
2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable.
Evelyn. Cowper.
Paddy
Pad"dy (?), a. [Prov. E. paddy worm-eaten.] Low; mean; boorish;
vagabond. "Such pady persons." Digges (1585). "The paddy persons."
Motley.
Paddy
Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies (#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the tutelar
saint of Ireland.] A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.
Paddy
Pad"dy, n. [Either fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay p\'bed\'c6.] (Bot.)
Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies. Paddy bird.
(Zo\'94l.) See Java sparrow, under Java.
Padelion
Pad`e*li"on (?), n. [F. pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A plant with
pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.
Padella
Pa*del"la (?), n. [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a
pan.] A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a
wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's,
in Rome. Called also padelle.
Pademelon
Pad`e*mel"on (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wallaby.
Padesoy
Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See Paduasoy.
Padge
Padge, n. (Zo\'94l.) The barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge
owl. [Prov. Eng.]
Padishah
Pa`di*shah" (?), n. [Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief ruler;
monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the
Shah of Persia.
Padlock
Pad"lock` (?), n. [Perh. orig., a lock for a pad gate, or a gate
opening to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from
Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.]
1. A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at
one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the
bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a
hasp or through the links of a chain, etc.
2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.
Padlock
Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padlocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Padlocking.] To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut;
to confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson.
Padnag
Pad"nag` (?), n. [lst pad + nag.] An ambling nag. "An easy padnag."
Macaulay.
Padow
Pad"ow (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A paddock, or toad. Padow pipe. (Bot.) See
Paddock pipe, under Paddock.
Padrone
Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It. Padroni (#), E. Padrones. [It. See Patron.]
1. A patron; a protector.
2. The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean.
3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers,
street musicians, etc.
Paduasoy
Pad`u*a*soy" (?), n. [From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F.
pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk stuff. [Written also padesoy.]
Paducahs
Pa*du"cahs (?), n. pl.; sing. Paducah (. (Ethnol.) See Comanches.
P\'91an
P\'91"an (?), n. [L. paean, Gr. P\'91on, Peony.] [Written also pean.]
1. An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and,
later, a song addressed to other deities.
2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph. Dryden. "Public
p\'91ans of congratulation." De Quincey.
3. See P\'91on.
P\'91dobaptism
P\'91`do*bap"tism (?), n. Pedobaptism.
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Page 1030
P\'91dogenesis
P\'91`do*gen"esis (?), n. [Gr. , , child + E. genesis.] (Zo\'94l.)
Reproduction by young or larval animals.
P\'91dogenetic
P\'91`do*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Producing young while in the
immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc.
P\'91on
P\'91"on (?), n. [L. paeon, Gr. a solemn song, also, a p\'91on, equiv.
to P\'91an.] (Anc. Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one long and three
short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of the
long syllable. [Written also, less correctly, p\'91an.]
P\'91onine
P\'91"o*nine (?), n. (Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff,
called also red coralline.
P\'91ony
P\'91"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony.
Pagan
Pa"gan (?), n. [L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan,
fr. paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, pagan, fr.
pagus a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a district with
fixed boundaries: cf. pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim, Peasant, and
Pact, also Heathen.] One who worships false goods; an idolater; a
heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew.
Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian,
pagan, nor man. Shak.
Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen.
Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished
from the Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early
Christian church, because the villagers, being most remote from the
centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen
has the same origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and
uncivilized idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice
idolatry.
Pagan
Pa"gan, a. [L. paganus of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See
Pagan, n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the
worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or
superstitions.
And all the rites of pagan honor paid. Dryden.
Pagandom
Pa"gan*dom (?), n. The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism.
[R.]
Paganic, Paganical
Pa*gan"ic (?), Pa*gan"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pagans or
paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.] "The paganic fables of the
goods." Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]
Paganish
Pa"gan*ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. "The old
paganish idolatry." Sharp
Paganism
Pa"gan*ism (?), n. [L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and
cf. Painim.] The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp.,
the worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious
opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.
Paganity
Pa*gan"i*ty (?), n. [L. Paganitas.] The state of being a pagan;
paganism. [R.] Cudworth.
Paganize
Pa"gan*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paganized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paganizing (?).] To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to
paganism. Hallywell.
Paganize
Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton.
Paganly
Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner. Dr. H. More.
Page
Page (?), n. [F., fr. It. paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. puer. Cf.
Pedagogue, Puerile.]
1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree,
especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now
commonly, in England, a youth employed for doin errands, waiting on
the door, and similar service in households; in the United States, a
boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative body.
He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one. Bacon.
2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt
of a woman's dress from the ground.
4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which pallets carrying newly molded
bricks are conveyed to the hack.
5. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of beautiful South American
moths of the genus Urania.
Page
Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak.
Page
Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten,
fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. Pact,
Pageant, Pagination.]
1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript.
Such was the book from whose pages she sang. Longfellow.
2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history.
3. (Print.) The type set up for printing a page.
Page
Page, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paging (?).] To
mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to furnish with
folios.
Pageant
Pag"eant (?), n. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or
stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to
pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to join
together, compages a joining together, structure. See Pact, Page of a
book.]
1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. "A pageant truly played."
Shak.
To see sad pageants of men's miseries. Spenser.
2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a
distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or
display.
The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day ! Pope.
We love the man, the paltry pageant you. Cowper.
Pageant
Pag"eant, a. Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular. "Pageant pomp."
Dryden.
Pageant
Pag"eant, v. t. To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic. [R.] "He
pageants us." Shak.
Pageantry
Pag"eant*ry (?), n. Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly;
spectacular guality; splendor.
Such pageantry be to the people shown. Dryden.
The pageantry of festival. J. A. Symonds.
Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.
Pagehood
Page"hood (?), n. The state of being a page.
Pagina
Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl. Pagin\'91 (#). [L.] (Bot.) The surface of a leaf
or of a flattened thallus.
Paginal
Pag"i*nal (?), a. [L. paginalis.] Consisting of pages. "Paginal
books." Sir T. Browne.
Pagination
Pag`i*na"tion (?), n. The act or process of paging a book; also, the
characters used in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes.
Paging
Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.
Pagod
Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.]
1. A pagoda. [R.] "Or some queer pagod." Pope.
2. An idol. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.
Pagoda
Pa*go"da (?), n. [Pg. pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per. but-kadah a
house of idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a
temple.]
1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and
tower-like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther
India, China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol
worship.
2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C.
3. [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr.
bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.] A gold or silver coin, of
various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold
pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.
Pagodite
Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.) Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes
carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite.
Paguma
Pa*gu"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of East Indian
viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in form.
Pagurian
Pa*gu"ri*an (?), n. [L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. .] (Zo\'94l.) Any
one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type;
the hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit.
Pah
Pah (?), interj. An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See
Bah.
Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good
apothecary, to sweeten my imagination. Shak.
Pah
Pah (?), n. [From native name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment. [New
Zealand.] Farrow.
Pahi
Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.) A large war canoe of the Society Islands.
Pahlevi
Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as Pehlevi.
Pahoehoe
Pa*ho"e*ho`e (?), n. (Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to
lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the
rough-surfaced lava, called a-a.<-- Sandwich islands = Hawaii -->
PahUtes
Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Utes.
Paid
Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of Pay.
1. Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a paid attorney.
2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] "Paid of his poverty." Chaucer.
Paideutics
Pai*deu"tics (?), n. [Gr. , fr. to teach, fr. ,, a boy.] The science
or art of teaching.
Paien
Pai"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Paigle
Pai"gle (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A species of Primula,
either the cowslip or the primrose. [Written also pagle, pagil,
peagle, and pygil.]
Paijama
Pai*ja"ma (?), n. Pyjama.
Pail
Pail (?), n. [OE. paile, AS. p\'91gel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to
D. & G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan.
p\'91gel half a pint.] A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually
cylindrical and having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as
water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak.
Pailful
Pail"ful (?), n.; pl. Pailfuls (. The quantity that a pail will hold.
"By pailfuls." Shak.
Paillasse
Pail*lasse" (?; F. , n. [F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a bed.] An
under bed or mattress of straw. [Written also palliasse.]
Pailmall
Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See Pall-mall. [Obs.]
Pain
Pain (?), n. [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment,
torment, pain; akin to Gr. penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish,
Punish.]
1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a
punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime;
penalty. Chaucer.
We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him. Bacon.
Interpose, on pain of my displeasure. Dryden.
None shall presume to fly, under pain of death. Addison.
2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to
extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of
functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily
suffering; an ache; a smart. "The pain of Jesus Christ." Chaucer.
NOTE: &hand; Pa in ma y occur in any part of the body where sensory
nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of
stimulation of them. The sensation is generally referred to the
peripheral end of the nerve.
3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.
She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. 1
Sam. iv. 19.
4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief;
solicitude; anguish. Chaucer.
In rapture as in pain. Keble.
5. See Pains, labor, effort.
Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- To die in the pain, to
be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pain
Pain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paining.] [OE.
peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.]
1. To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif
(Acts xxii. 5).
2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy
sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his
dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.
Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us. Lock
3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a
child's faults pain his parents.
I am pained at mJer. iv. 19.
To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to
be solicitous. [Obs.] "She pained her to do all that she might."
Chaucer. Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve;
distress; agonize; torment; torture.
Painable
Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nible.] Causing pain; painful. [Obs.]
The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and
painable for being composed of gold or silver. Evelyn.
Painful
Pain"ful (?), a.
1. Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or
mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing Addison.
2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort;
as a painful service; a painful march.
3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller.
A very painful person, and a great clerk. Jer. Taylor.
Nor must the painful husbandman be tired. Dryden.
Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous;
laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous. -- Pain"ful*ly, adv. --
Pain"ful*ness, n.
Painim
Pai"nim (?), n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme
paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel;
-- used also adjectively. [Written also panim and paynim.] Peacham.
Painless
Pain"less (?), a. Free from pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly, adv.
-- Pain"less*ness, n.
Pains
Pains (?), n.Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural
in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former.
And all my pains is sorted to no proof. Shak.
The pains they had taken was very great. Clarendon.
The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled. Dryden.
Painstaker
Pains"tak`er (?), n. One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in
all work. Gay.
Painstaking
Pains"tak`ing, a. Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive.
"Painstaking men." Harris.
Painstaking
Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in
performance. Beau. & Fl.
Painsworthy
Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the pains o
Paint
Paint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr. & vb. n. Painting.]
[OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. opeindre to paint, fr. L. pingere,
pictum; cf. Gr. many-colored, Skr. pic to adorn. Cf. Depict, Picture,
Pigment, Pint.]
1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to paint a
house, a signboard, etc.
Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.
2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors;
to diversify with colors.
Not painted with the crimson spots of blood. Shak.
Cuckoo buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight. Shak.
3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as
upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a
tinted image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a
landscape.
4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to
delineate; to image; to depict.
Disloyal? The word is too good to paint out her wickedness. Shak.
If folly grow romantic, I must paint it. Pope.
Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw;
describe.
Paint
Paint, v. t.
1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints well.
2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it.
Let her paint an inch thick. Shak.
Paint
Paint, n.
1. (a) A pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same prepared with a
vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to a
surface.
2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed.
Painted
Paint"ed, a.
1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.
As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean. Coleridge.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle;
painted bunting.
Painted beauty (Zo\'94l.), a handsome American butterfly (Vanessa
Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup (Bot.),
any plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the
bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers.
Castilleia coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in
meadows. -- Painted finch. See Nonpareil. -- Painted lady (Zo\'94l.),
a bright-colored butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle
(Zo\'94l.), a common American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta),
having bright red and yellow markings beneath.
Painter
Paint"er (?), n. [OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. panti\'8are, LL.
panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. ; painteir a net, gin,
snare, Gael. painntear.] (Naut.) A rope at the bow of a boat, used to
fasten it to anything. Totten.
Painter
Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zo\'94l.) The panther, or puma.
[A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper.
Painter
Paint"er, n. [See lst Paint.] One whose occupation is to paint; esp.:
(a) One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with
paint. (b) An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a
flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like. Painter's colic. (Med.)
See Lead colic, under Colic. -- Painter stainer. (a) A painter of
coats of arms. Crabb. (b) A member of a livery company or guild in
London, bearing this name.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1031
Painterly
Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose
of a visage." Sir P. Sidney.
Paintership
Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br.
Gardiner.
Painting
Paint"ing, n.
1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or
colors.
2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which
objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored
representation of any object or scene; a picture.
3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak.
4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words. Syn. -- See
Picture.
Paintless
Paint"less, a. Not capable of being painted or described. "In
paintless patience." Savage.
Painture
Pain"ture (?), n. [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.]
The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden.
Painty
Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of
work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the
surface. [Cant]
Pair
Pair (?), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par,
adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.]
1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a
set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer. Beau.
& Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay.
NOTE: [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.]
Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. Beau. & Fl.
2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and
intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a
pair of shoes.
3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of
horses; a pair of oxen.
4. A married couple; a man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden. "The
hapless pair." Milton.
5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and
used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of
bellows.
6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary
body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues
of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on
the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant]
7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so
applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.
NOTE: &hand; Pa irs are named in accordance with the kind of motion
they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a
cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a
twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is
along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting
together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having
constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin
and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair.
Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal) three things of a sort; -- used
especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three
kings, three "eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a double
pair royal. "Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair
royal of naturals in my own hand." Goldsmith. "That great pair royal
of adamantine sisters [the Fates]." Quarles. [Written corruptly parial
and prial.] Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not
confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things
(pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of
chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A
"pair of stairs" is still in popular use, as well as the later
expression, "flight of stairs."
Pair
Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.]
1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.
2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.
My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. Rowe.
3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below.
To pair off, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif.
(Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or
opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See
Pair, n., 6.
Pair
Pair, v. t.
1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as
things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to
one another.
Glossy jet is paired with shining white. Pope.
2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to
vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary
Cant]
Paired fins. (Zo\'94l.) See under Fin.
Pair
Pair, v. t. [See Impair.] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pairer
Pair"er (?), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Pairing
Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v. i.]
1. The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.
2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i.
Pairyng time, the time when birds or other animals pair.
Pairment
Pair"ment (?), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Pais
Pa`is (?), n. [OF. pu\'8bs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law) The
country; the people of the neighborhood.
NOTE: &hand; A tr ial per pais is a trial by the country, that is,
by a jury; and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or
jury.
Paisano
Pa`i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of the country, (Zo\'94l.) The chaparral
cock.
Paise
Paise (?), n. [Obs.] See Poise. Chapman.
Pajock
Pa"jock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak.
Pakfong
Pak"fong` (?), n. See Packfong.
Pal
Pal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an
accomplice or confederate. [Slang]
Palace
Pal"ace (?), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium,
one of the seven hills of Rome, Paladin.]
1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high
officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for
ceremony and reception. Chaucer.
2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished
personage.
3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house.
Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having
jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the
palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley &
W.
Palacious
Pa*la"cious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt.
Paladin
Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of
the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion;
as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott.
Pal\'91o-
Pa"l\'91*o- (?). See Paleo-.
Pal\'91ographer, n., Pal\'91ographic
Pa`l\'91*og"ra*pher (?), n., Pa`l\'91*o*graph"ic (, a., etc. See
Paleographer, Paleographic, etc.
Pal\'91otype
Pa"l\'91*o*type (?), n. [Pal\'91o- + -type.] (Phon.) A system of
representing all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in
common use. Ellis. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al (#), a. --
Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.
Pal\'91stra
Pa*l\'91s"tra (?), n. See Palestra.
Pal\'91stric
Pa*l\'91s"tric (?), a. See Palestric.
Pal\'91tiologist
Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pal\'91tiology.
Pal\'91tiology
Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pal\'91o- + \'91tiology.] The science
which explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and
changes of the earth. -- Pa*l\'91`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.
Palama
Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl. Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A membrane
extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less
closely together.
Palamede\'91
Pal`a*me"de*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder,
including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called also
screamers. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the
Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.
Palampore
Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See Palempore.
Palanka
Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga,
phalanga a pole, Gr. (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched, attached to
Turkish frontier fortresses.
Palanquin
Pal`an*quin" (?), n. [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki,
OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. parya, palya, bed, couch;
pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a a hook, flank, probably akin
to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. Palkee.] An inclosed carriage or
litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet
high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles,
-- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person
from place to place. [Written also palankeen.]
Palapteryx
Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n. [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.) A large extinct
ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.
Palatability
Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Palatableness.
Palatable
Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste;
savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable food; palatable
advice.
Palatableness
Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being agreeable to the
taste; relish; acceptableness.
Palatably
Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable manner.
Palatal
Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. palatal.]
1. Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; as, the palatal bones.
2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain
sounds, as the sound of k in kirk.
Palatal
Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.) A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the
aid of the palate, as the letters k and y.
Palatalize
Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Phon.) To palatize.
Palate
Pal"ate (?), n. [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.]
1. (Anat.) The roof of the mouth.
NOTE: &hand; Th e fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the
maxillary and palatine bones, is called the hard palate to
distinguish it from the membranous and muscular curtain which
separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx and is called
the soft palate, or velum.
2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken
notion that the palate is the organ of taste.
Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests. Pope.
3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker.
4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of such flowers as the
snapdragon.
Palate
Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak.
Palatial
Pa*la"tial (?), a. [L. palatium palace. See Palace.] Of or pertaining
to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal;
magnificent; as, palatial structures. "Palatial style." A. Drummond.
Palatial
Pa*la"tial, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Palatial
Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones.
Palatic
Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Palatal; palatine.
Palatic
Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A palatal. [R.]
Palatinate
Pa*lat"i*nate (?), n. [F. palatinat. See Palatine.] The province or
seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine. Howell.
Palatinate
Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller.
Palatine
Pal"a*tine (?), a. [F. palatin, L. palatinus, fr. palatium. See
Palace, and cf. Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high
officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges. Count
palatine, County palatine. See under Count, and County. -- Palatine
hill, OR The palatine, one of the seven hills of Rome, once occupied
by the palace of the C\'91sars. See Palace.
Palatine
Pal"a*tine (?), n.
1. One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains; a
count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th Count.
2. The Palatine hill in Rome.
Palatine
Pal"a*tine, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate.
Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in
the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries.
Palatine
Pal"a*tine, (Anat.) A palatine bone.
Palative
Pal"a*tive (?), a. Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] "Palative
delights." Sir T. Browne.
Palatize
Pal"a*tize (?), v. t. To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means
of the palate; as, to palatize a letter or sound. -- Pal`a*ti*za"tion
(#), n. J. Peile.
Palato-
Pal"a*to- (?). [From Palate.] A combining form used in anatomy to
indicate relation to, or connection with, the palate; as in
palatolingual.
Palatonares
Pal`a*to*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palato-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The
posterior nares. See Nares.
Palatopterygoid
Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Palato- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining
to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; as, the
palatopterygoid cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and
pterygoid bones are developed.
Palaver
Pa*la"ver (?), n. [Sp. palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a
comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See Parable.]
1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to
deceive; flattery.
2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public
conference and deliberation; a debate.
This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers. Carlyle.
Palaver
Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palavering.] To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly
or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver
artfully.
Palavering the little language for her benefit. C. Bront
Palaverer
Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who palavers; a flatterer.
Pale
Pale (?), a. [Compar. Paler (?); superl. Palest.] [F. p\'83le, fr.
p\'83lir to turn pale, L. pallere to be oAppall, Fallow, pall, v. i.,
Pallid.]
1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale
face; a pale red; a pale blue. "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.
Speechless he stood and pale. Milton.
They are not of complexion red or pale. T. Randolph.
2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the
pale light of the moon.
The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick; It looks a little
paler. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; Pale is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking,
etc.
Pale
Pale, n. Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak.
Pale
Pale, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.] To turn
pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier.
Apt to pale at a trodden worm. Mrs. Browning.
Pale
Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.
The glowpale his uneffectual fire. Shak.
Pale
Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol a stake, and lst
Pallet.]
1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened
to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket.
Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. Mortimer.
2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a
palisade. "Within one pale or hedge." Robynson (More's Utopia).
3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or
place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. "To walk the studious
cloister's pale." Milton. "Out of the pale of civilization." Macaulay.
4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer.
5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular
stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and
occupying one third of it.
6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds.
7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.
English pale (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the
English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after
their invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer.
Pale
Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to
encompass; to fence off.
[Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in With rocks unscalable
and roaring waters. Shak.
Palea
Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl. Pale\'91 (-&emac;). [L., chaff.]
1. (Bot.) (a) The interior chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the
chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound
flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird,
as in the turkey; a dewlap.
Paleaceous
Pa`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy; resembling or
consisting of pale\'91, or chaff; furnished with chaff; as, a
paleaceous receptacle.
Palearctic
Pa`le*arc"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + arctic.] Belonging to a region of the
earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and
all temperate Asia.
Paled
Paled (?), a. [See 5th Pale.]
1. Striped. [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . paled part per part." Spenser.
2. Inclosed with a paling. "A paled green." Spenser.
Pale\'89chinoidea
Pa`le*\'89ch`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Echinoidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic
rocks. They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also
Pal\'91echini. [Written also Pal\'91echinoidea.]
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Paleface
Pale"face` (?), n. A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have
been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper.
Paleichthyes
Pa`le*ich"thy*es (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.]
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the
elasmobranchs and ganoids. [Written also Pal\'91ichthyes.]
Palely
Pale"ly (?), adv. [From Pale, a.] In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not
freshly or ruddily. Thackeray.
Palempore
Pal`em*pore" (?), n. A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used
for bed coverings. [Written also palampore, palampoor, etc.] De
Colange.
Paleness
Pale"ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being pale; want of
freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster;
wanness.
The blood the virgin's cheek forsook; A livid paleness spreads o'er
all her look. Pope.
Palenque
Pa*len"que (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of
Nicaragua and Honduras.
Paleo-
Pa"le*o- (?). [Gr. , adj.] A combining form meaning old, ancient; as,
palearctic, paleontology, paleothere, paleography. [Written also
pal\'91o-.]
Paleobotanist
Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One versed in paleobotany.
Paleobotany
Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny (?), n. [Paleo- + botany.] That branch of
paleontology which treats of fossil plants.
Paleocarida
Pa`le*o*car"ida (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ancient + , , , a kind of
crustacean.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Merostomata. [Written also
Pal\'91ocarida.]
Paleocrinoidea
Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic
rocks.
Paleocrystic
Pa`le*o*crys"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. ice.] Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, a former glacial formation.
Paleog\'91an
Pa`le*o*g\'91"an (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. the eart] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere. [Written also pal\'91og\'91an.]
Paleograph
Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An ancient manuscript.
Paleographer
Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.
Paleographic, Paleographical
Pa`le*o*graph"ic (?), Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
pal\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to paleography.
Paleographist
Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in paleography; a paleographer.
Paleography
Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- + -graphy: cf. F. pal\'82ographie.]
1. An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as,
Punic paleography.
2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or
science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin,
period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.
Paleola
Pa*le"o*la (?), n.; pl. Paleol\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. palea.]
(Bot.) A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule.
Paleolith
Pa"le*o*lith (?), n. [Paleo- + -lith.] (Geol.) A relic of the
Paleolithic era.
Paleolithic
Pa`le*o*lith"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by
early stone implements. The Paleolithic era (as proposed by Lubbock)
includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to
it are for the most part of extinct animals, with relics of human
beings.
Paleologist
Pa`le*ol"ogist (?), n. One versed in paleology; a student of
antiquity.
Paleology
Pa`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + -logy.] The study or knowledge of
antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise
on antiquities; arch\'91ology .
Paleontographical
Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the description of
fossil remains.
Paleontography
Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. -graphy.] The description of
fossil remains.
Paleontological
Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to paleontology. --
Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
Paleontologist
Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pal\'82ontologiste.] One versed in
paleontology.
Paleontology
Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. -logy. Cf. Ontology.] The
science which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils
which are the remains of such life.
Paleophytologist
Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. A paleobotanist.
Paleophytology
Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + phytology.] Paleobotany.
Paleornithology
Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + ornithology.] The branch of
paleontology which treats of fossil birds.
Paleosaurus
Pa`le*o*sau"rus (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. ancient + (Paleon.) A genus of
fossil saurians found in the Permian formation.
Paleotechnic
Pa`le*o*tech"nic (?), a. [Paleo- + technic.] Belonging to, or
connected with, ancient art. "The paleotechnic men of central France."
D. Wilson.
Paleothere
Pa"le*o*there (?), n. [F. pal\'82oth\'8are.] (Paleon.) Any species of
Paleotherium.
Paleotherian
Pa`le*o*the"ri*an (?), a. [F. pal\'82oth\'82rien.] (Paleon.) Of or
pertaining to Paleotherium.
Paleotherium
Pa`le*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the
tapir in form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a
long neck like that of a llama. [Written also Pal\'91otherium.]
Paleotheroid
Pa`le*o*the"roid (?), [Paleothere + -oid.] (Paleon.) Resembling
Paleotherium. -- n. An animal resembling, or allied to, the
paleothere.
Paleotype
Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See Pal\'91otype.
Paleous
Pa"le*ous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.
Paleozoic
Pa`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or
designating, the older division of geological time during which life
is known to have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and
Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See
Chart of Geology.
Paleozo\'94logy
Pa`le*o*zo*\'94l"o*gy (?), n. (Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata.
Paleozo\'94ogy
Pa`le*o*zo*\'94"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + zo\'94logy.] The science of
extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.
Palesie, Palesy
Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy, n. Palsy. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Palestinian, Palestinean
Pal`es*tin"i*an (?), Pal`es*tin"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to
Palestine.
Palestra
Pa*les"tra (?), n.; pl. L. Palestr\'91 (#), E. Palestras (#). [NL.,
fr. L. palaestra, Gr. [Written also pal\'91stra.] (Antiq.) (a) A
wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic exercise
in general. (b) A wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.
Palestrian, Palestric, Palestrical
Pa*les"tri*an (?), Pa*les"tric (?), Pa*les"tric*al (?), a. [L.
palaestricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.
Palet
Pal"et (?), n. [See Palea.] (Bot.) Same as Palea.
Paletot
Pal"e*tot (?), n. [F. paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L. palla (see
Palla) + F. toque cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf.
Sp. paletoque.] (a) An overcoat. Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment,
-- of varying fashion.
Palette
Pal"ette (?), n. [See Pallet a thin board.]
1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole
at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his
pigments. [Written also pallet.]
2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at
the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt.
3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill.
Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting
edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the
grinding slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon
it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended
use of them in a picture. Fairholt.
Palewise
Pale"wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a pale or pales; by
perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon
palewise.
Palfrey
Pal"frey (?), n. [OE. palefrai, OF. palefrei, F. palefroi, LL.
palafredus, parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary
occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. veredus a post horse.]
1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as
distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer.
2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser.
Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey. Tennyson.
Palfreyed
Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a palfrey. Tickell.
Palgrave
Pal"grave (?), n. See Palsgrave.
Pali
Pa"li (?), n., pl. of Palus.
Pali
Pa"li (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. p\'beli row, line, series, applied
to the series of Buddhist sacred texts.] A dialect descended from
Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the
sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc.
Palification
Pal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to
make: cf. F. palification. See -fy.] The act or practice of driving
piles or posts into the ground to make it firm. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
Paliform
Pa"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a palus; as, the paliform
lobes of the septa in corals.
Palilogy
Pa*lil"o*gy (?), n. [L. palilogia, Gr. (Rhet.) The repetition of a
word, or part of a sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; as,
"The living, the living, he shall praise thee." Is. xxxviii. 19.
Palimpsest
Pal"imp*sest (?), n. [L. palimpsestus, Gr. palimpseste.] A parchment
which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been
erased to make place for the second. Longfellow.
Palindrome
Pal"in*drome (?), n. [Gr. palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence,
that is the same when read backward or forward; as, madam; Hannah; or
Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel.
Palindromic, Palindromical
Pal`in*drom"ic (?), Pal`in*drom"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or
like, a palindrome.
Palindromist
Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A writer of palindromes.
Paling
Pal"ing (?), n.
1. Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit;
an inclosure.
They moved within the paling of order and decorum. De Quincey.
2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes
themselves. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it
to be sawed into boards. [Eng.]
Palingenesia
Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?), n.[NL.] See Palingenesis.
Palingenesis, Palingenesy
Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?), Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. paling\'82n\'82sie.
See Genesis.]
1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence
in different manner or form.
2. (Biol.) That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral
characters conserved by heredity are reproduced in development;
original simple descent; -- distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes,
in zo\'94logy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc.
Palingenetic
Pal`in*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to palingenesis: as, a
palingenetic process. -- Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
Palinode
Pal"i*node (?), n. [L. palinodia, from Gr. Ode.]
1. An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a repetition
of an ode.
2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction. Sandys.
Palinodial
Pal`i*no"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction.
J. Q. Adams.
Palinody
Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See Palinode. [Obs.] Wood.
Palinurus
Pal`inu"rus (?), n. [So called from L. Palinurus, the pilot of
\'92neas.] (Naut.) An instrument for obtaining directly, without
calculation, the true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of
the compass
Palisade
Pal`i*sade" (?), n. [F. palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It. palizzata,
palizzo, LL. palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale. See Pale a
stake.]
1. (Fort.) A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the
ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such
stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.
2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes.
Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as
are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. --
Palisade worm (Zo\'94l.), a nematoid worm (Strongylus armatus),
parasitic in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces
aneurisms, often fatal.
Palisade
Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Palisading.] [Cf. F. palissader.] To surround, inclose, or fortify,
with palisades.
Palisading
Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. Fort.) A row of palisades set in the ground.
Palisado
Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl. Palisadoes (. A palisade. [Obs.] Shak.
Palisado
Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade. [Obs.] Sterne.
Palish
Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale or wan.
Palissander
Pal`is*san"der (?), n. [F. palissandre.] (Bot.) (a) Violet wood. (b)
Rosewood.
Palissy
Pal"is*sy (?), a. Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery
made by Bernard Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry. Palissy ware,
glazed pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy; especially, that
having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high relief.
Palkee
Pal"kee (?), n. [Hind. p\'belk\'c6; of the same origin as E.
palanquin.] A palanquin. Malcom.
Pall
Pall (?), n. Same as Pawl.
Pall
Pall, n. [OE. pal, AS. p\'91l, from L. pallium cover, cloak, mantle,
pall; cf. L. palla robe, mantle.]
1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle.
His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold. Spenser.
2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).
3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pallium.
About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's palls into
England, -- the one for London, the other for York. Fuller.
4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and
having the form of the letter Y.
5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a
funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.
Warriors carry the warrior's pall. Tennyson.
6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on
one side; -- used to put over the chalice.
Pall
Pall, v. t. To cloak. [R.] Shak
Pall
Pall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palling.]
[Either shortened fr. appall, or fr. F. p\'83lir to grow pale. Cf.
Appall, Pale, a.] To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to
lose strength, life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls.
Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, Fades in the eye, and
palls upon the sense. Addisin.
Pall
Pall, v. t.
1. To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull;
to weaken. Chaucer.
Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments. Atterbury.
2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite.
Pall
Pall, n. Nausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury.
Palla
Pal"la (?), n. [L. See Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.) An oblong
rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with
brooches.
Palladian
Pal*la"di*an (?), a. (Arch.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the
works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th century.
Palladic
Pal*la"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which
the element has a higher valence as contrasted with palladious
compounds.
Palladious
Pal*la"di*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing,
palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which
palladium has a lower valence as compared with palladic compounds.
Palladium
Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous
statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient
Troy.
2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a
sateguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights.
Blackstone.
Palladium
Pal*la"di*um, n. [NL.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light
platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold.
It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent
and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique
in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of
nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy Pd2H. It is used for
graduated circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and
somewhat in dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the
asteroid Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic
weight, 106.2.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1033
Paladiumize
Pala"di*um*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palladiumized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Palladiumizing (?).] To cover or coat with palladium. [R.]
Pallah
Pal"lah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope (\'92pyceros
melampus). The male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general
color is bay, with a black crescent on the croup. Called also
roodebok.
Pallas
Pal"las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the Grecian
goddess of wisdom, called also Athene, and identified, at a later
period, with the Roman Minerva.<-- usu. spelled Athena -->
Pallbearer
Pall"bear*er (?), n. One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral;
-- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.
Pallet
Pal"let (?), n. [OE. paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr. paille
straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr. pala straw, pal\'beva chaff. Cf.
Paillasse.] A small and mean bed; a bed of straw. Milton.
Palet
Pa"let, n. [Dim. of pale. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) A perpendicular
band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale.
Pallet
Pal"let, n. [F. palette: af. It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire
shovel, dim. of L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a shovel.]
1. (Paint.) Same as Palette.
2. (Pettery) (a) A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers,
etc., for forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval,
round, and of other forms. (b) A potter's wheel.
3. (Gilding) (a) An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the
pillow, and to apply it. (b) A tool for gilding the backs of books
over the bands.
4. (Brickmaking) A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to
the hack. Knight.
5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of
the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump. Knight.
6. (Horology) One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum
of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate
impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel. Brande & C.
7. (Mus.) In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth
of a pipe or row of pipes.
8. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon
tubes of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo.
9. A cup containing three ounces, --
Pallial
Pal"li*al (?), a. [L. pallium a mantle. See Pall.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced
by the mantle; as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the
attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell. See
Illust. of Bivalve. Pallial chamber (Zo\'94l.), the cavity inclosed by
the mantle. -- Pallial sinus (Zo\'94l.), an inward bending of the
pallial line, near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to
receive the siphon. See Illust. of Bivalve.
Palliament
Pal"li*a*ment (?), n. [LL. palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a
manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a robe. [Obs.] Shak.
Palliard
Pal"liard (?), n. [F. paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr.
paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.]
1. A born beggar; a vagabond. [Obs.] Halliwell.
2. A lecher; a lewd person. [Obs.] Dryden.
Palliasse
Pal*liasse" (?), n. See Paillasse.
Palliate
Pal"li*ate (?), a. [L. palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See Pall the
garment.]
1. Covered with a mant [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.
Palliate
Pal"li*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palliating(?).]
1. To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide. [Obs.]
Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat. Sir T. Herbert.
2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and
apologies; to extenuate; as, to palliate faults.
They never hide or palliate their vices. Swift.
3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease
withhout curing; as, to palliate a disease.
To palliate dullness, and give time a shove. Cowper.
Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal. -- To Palliate,
Extenuate, Cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a
figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We
cloak in order to conceal completely. We extenuate a crime when we
endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we palliate a
crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least in
part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus
palliate approaches extenuate till they have become nearly or quite
identical. "To palliate is not now used, though it once was, in the
sense of wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins,
but in that of extenuating; to palliate our faults is not to hide them
altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part." Trench.
Palliation
Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. palliation.]
1. The act of palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation;
excuse; as, the palliation of faults, offenses, vices.
2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease. Bacon.
3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being
covered or disguised. [Obs.]
Palliative
Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving
to extenuate or mitigate.
Palliative
Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That which palliates; a palliative agent. Sir W.
Scott.
Palliatory
Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a. Palliative; extenuating.
Pallid
Pal"lid (?), a. [L. pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale. See
pale, a.] Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance;
pallid blue. Spenser.
Pallidity
Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n. Pallidness; paleness.
Pallidly
Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a pallid manner.
Pallidness
Pal"lid*ness, n. The quality or state of being pallid; paleness;
pallor; wanness.
Palliobranchiata
Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Brachiopoda.
Palliobranchiate
Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Pallium, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods.
Pallium
Pal"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Pallia(Palliums (#). [L. See Pall the
garment.]
1. (Anc. Costume) A large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the
whole person, worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the
Roman name of a Greek garment.
2. (R.C.Ch.) A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four
purple crosses worked on it; a pall.
NOTE: &hand; Th e wo ol is ob tained from two lambs brought to the
basilica of St. Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope,
and sent to patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that
they share in the plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is
sent, the pallium is laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it
remains all night.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mantle of a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The mantle
of a bird.
Pall-mall
Pall`-mall" (?), n. [OF. palemail, It. pallamagio; palla a ball (of
German origin, akin to E. ball) + magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See
lst Ball, and Mall a beetle.] A game formerly common in England, in
which a wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop
or ring of iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the
place where the game was played, and to the street, in London, still
called Pall Mall. [Written also pail-mail and pell-mell.] Sir K.
Digby. Evelyn.
Pallone
Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.] An
Italian game, played with a large leather ball.
Pallor
Pal"lor (?), n. [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.]
Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer.
Taylor.
Palm
Palm (?), n. [OE. paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr. p\'beni hand, and E.
fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d Palm.]
1. (Anat.) The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the
bases of the fingers and the wrist.
Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm. Tennyson.
2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its
length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in
measuring a horse's height.
NOTE: &hand; In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The
Romans adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91
inches, and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day,
this measure varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different
in each country, and occasionally varying in the same.
Internat. Cyc.
3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the
palm of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in
sewing sails, etc.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a
full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the
hand with its protruding fingers.
5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.
Palm
Palm, n. [AS. palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a
hand. See lst Palm, and cf. Pam.]
1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order Palm\'91 or Palmace\'91; a
palm tree.
NOTE: &hand; Pa lms ar e pe rennial woody plants, often of majestic
size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a
roughened exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf
stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported
on stout, sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of
great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There
are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in
tropical or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap,
and fruit of many species are invaluable in the arts and in
domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa
palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and
the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto.
2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol
of victory or rejoicing.
A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the
Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands. Rev. vii.
9.
3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph;
also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of martyrdom." Chaucer.
So get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone.
Shak.
Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella l\'91vis),
having a curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud
of a cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zo\'94l.), the common
paradoxure. -- Palm crab (Zo\'94l.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a
vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as
the African oil palm (El\'91is Guineensis), and used in the
manufacture of soap and candles. See El\'91is. -- Palm swift
(Zo\'94l.), a small swift (Cypselus Btassiensis) which frequents the
palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to
the leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same as Palm wine. --
Palm weevil (Zo\'94l.), any one of mumerous species of very large
weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larv\'91 bore into palm trees,
and are called palm borers, and grugru worms. They are considered
excellent food. -- Palm wine, the sap of several species of palms,
especially, in India, of the wild date palm (Ph\'d2nix sylvestrix),
the palmyra, and the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by
distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also palm
toddy. -- Palm worm, OR Palmworm. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The larva of a palm
weevil. (b) A centipede.
Palm
Palm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.]
1. To handle. [Obs.] Prior.
2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle.
They palmed the trick that lost the game. Prior.
3. To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means;
-- usually with off.
For you may palm upon us new for old. Dryden.
Palmaceous
Pal*ma"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature
of, or resembling, palms.
Palma Christi
Pal"ma Chris"ti (?). [L., palm of Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus
communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage, growing
as a woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an herbaceous
annual in temperate regions; -- called also castor-oil plant.
[Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.]
Palmacite
Pal"ma*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil palm.
Palmar
Pal"mar (?), a. [L. palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand: cf. F.
palmaire.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the hand.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of
birds.
Palmarium
Pal*ma"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Palmaria (#). [NL. See Palmar.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.
Palmary
Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Palmar.
Palmary
Pal"ma*ry, a. [L. palmarius, palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving
the palm or prize, fr. palma a palm.] Worthy of the palm; palmy;
pre\'89minent; superior; principal; chief; as, palmary work. Br.
Horne.
Palmate
Pal"mate (?), n.(Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate.
[Obsoles.]
Palmate, Palmated
Pal"mate (?), Pal"ma*ted (?), a. [L. palmatus marked with the palm of
a hand, from palma the palm of the hand.]
1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers
spread.
2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a
leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers.
Gray.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most
swimming birds; webbed. See Illust. (i) under Aves. (b) Having the
distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; --
said of certain corals, antlers, etc.
Palmately
Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a palmate manner.
Palmatifid
Pal*mat"i*fid (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + root of findere to
split.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more
than halfway to the common center.
Palmatilobed
Pal*mat"i*lobed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + E. lobed.] (Bot.)
Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common
center.
Palmatisect, Palmatisected
Pal*mat"i*sect (?), Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate +
secare to cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the midrib,
so that the parenchyma is interrupted.
Palmcrist
Palm"crist (?), n. The palma Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay
version, note.)
Palmed
Palmed (?), a. Having or bearing a palm or palms. Paimed deer
(Zo\'94l.), a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4.
Palmer
Palm"er (?), n. [From Palm, v. t.] One who palms or cheats, as at
cards or dice.
Palmer
Palm"er, n.[From Palm the tree.] A wandering religious votary;
especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had
visited the Holy Land and its sacred places. Chaucer.
Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together. P. Plowman.
The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none.
The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but
the palmer to all. T. Staveley.
Palmerworm
Palm"er*worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any hairy caterpillar which
appears in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like
a palmer. The name is applied also to other voracious insects. Joel.
i. 4. (b) In America, the larva of any one of several moths, which
destroys the foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of
Ypsolophus pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.
Palmette
Pal*mette" (?), n. [F., dim. of palme a palm.] A floral ornament,
common in Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called the
honeysuckle ornament.
Palmetto
Pal*met"to (?), n. [Dim. of palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.] (Bot.) A
name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West
Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name
is applied especially to the Cham\'91rops, OR Sabal, Palmetto, the
cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under
Cabbage.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1034
Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of
which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are
used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto,
Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The
nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub.
Palmic
Pal"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. palmique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma
Christi); -- formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic
acid. [Obsoles.]
Palmidactyles
Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet.
Palmiferous
Pal*mif"er*ous (?), a.[L. palmifer; palma a palm + ferre to bear: cf.
F. palmif\'8are.] Bearing palms.
Palmigrade
Pal"mi*grade (?), a. [L. palma palm of the hand + gradi to walk.]
(Zo\'94l.) Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some
mammals.
Palmin
Pal"min (?), n. [From palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.] (Chem.) (a) A
white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil. (b)
Ricinolein. [Obs.]
Palmiped
Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L. palmipes, -edis, broad-footed; palma the palm of
the hand + pes a foot; cf. F. palmip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Web-footed, as
a water fowl. -- n. A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.
Palmipedes
Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Natatores.
Palmister
Pal"mis*ter (?), n. [From Palm of the hand.] One who practices
palmistry Bp. Hall.
Palmistry
Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See Palmister.]
1. The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging
of character, by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand;
chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper.
2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison.
Palmitate
Pal"mi*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid.
Palmite
Pal"mite (?), n. [From Palm.] (Bot.) A South African plant (Prionium
Palmita) of the Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems
have been used for making brushes.
Palmitic
Pal*mit"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from,
palmitin or palm oil; as, palmitic acid, a white crystalline body
belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily soluble in hot
alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62° C.
Palmitin
Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in
vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of
animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive
oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three
molecules of palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl,
and hence it is technically called tripalmitin, or glyceryl
tripalmitate.
Palmitolic
Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a. [Palmitic + -oleic + ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric
with linoleic acid.
Palmitone
Pal"mi*tone (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid.
Palm Sunday
Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called
in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when
the multitude strewed palm branches in the way.
Palmy
Palm"y (?), a.
1. Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; as, a palmy
shore. Pope.
His golden sands and palmy wine. Goldsmith.
2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous.
In the most high and palmy state of Rome. Shak.
Palmyra
Pal*my"ra (?), n. (Bot.) A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis)
having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is
found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean,
from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred
uses to which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is
largely used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for
food, its sap for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.
Palola
Pa*lo"la (?), n. [Fr. the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid (Palola
viridis) which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface
of the sea about some of the Pcific Islands, where it is collected for
food.
Pallometa
Pal`lo*me"ta (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pompano.
Palp
Palp (?), n. [Cf. F. palpe. See Palpable.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpus.
Palp
Palp, v. t. [L. palpare: cf. F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or
feeling of; to feel. [Obs.]
To bring a palp\'8ad darkness o'er the earth. Heywood.
Palpability
Pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being palpable, or perceptible
by the touch. Arbuthnot.
Palpable
Pal"pa*ble (?), a. [F. palpable, L. palpabilis, fr. palpare to feel,
stroke; cf. palpus the soft palm of the hand.]
1. Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a
palpable form. Shak.
Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, Palpable darkness. Milton.
2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and
detected; gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable
errors. "Three persons palpable." P. Plowman.
[Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable. Shak.
-- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. -- Pal"pa*bly, adv.
Palpation
Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.]
1. Act of touching or feeling.
2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by touch. Quain.
Palpator
Pal*pa"tor (?), n. [L., a stroker.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of
clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary
palpi.
Palpebra
Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl. Palpebr\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The eyelid.
Palpebral
Pal"pe*bral (?), a. [L. palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F.
palp\'82bral.] Of or pertaining to the eyelids.
Palprbrate
Pal"pr*brate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having eyelids.
Palped
Palped (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a palpus.
Palpi
Pal"pi (?), n., pl. of Palpus. (Zo\'94l.) See Palpus.
Palpicorn
Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group
of aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short club-shaped antenn\'91,
and long maxillary palpi.
Palpifer
Pal"pi*fer (?), n. [Palpus + L. ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Palpiger.
Palpiform
Pal"pi*form (?), a. [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having the form of a palpus.
Palpiger
Pal"pi*ger (?), n. [See Palpigerous.] (Zo\'94l.) That portion of the
labium which bears the palpi in insects.
Palpigerous
Pal*pig"er*ous (?), a. [Palpus + -gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing a
palpus. Kirby.
Palpitant
Pal"pi*tant (?), a. [L. palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing;
trembling. Carlyle.
Palpitate
Pal"pi*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palpitating(?).] [L. palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr. pappare.
See Palpable.] To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb;
to bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter;
-- said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from
excitement.
Palpitation
Pal`pi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.] A rapid
pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart
as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease.
Palpless
Palp"less (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Without a palpus.
Palpocil
Pal"po*cil (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zo\'94l.) A minute soft
filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and
sponges.
Palpus
Pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Palpi (#). [NL. See Palp.] (Zo\'94l.) A feeler;
especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth
organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as, the
mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The palpi of male
spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also palp. See Illust. of
Arthrogastra and Orthoptera.
Palsgrave
Pals"grave` (?), n. [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) + graaf
count; cf. G. pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A
count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the
superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.
Palsgravine
Pals"gra*vine` (?), n.[D. paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.] The
consort or widow of a palsgrave.
Palsical
Pal"si*cal (?), a.[From Palsy.] Affected with palsy; palsied;
paralytic. [R.] Johnson.
Palsied
Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with palsy; paralyzed.
Palstave
Pal"stave` (?), n. [Dan. paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in
prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age. Dawkins.
Palster
Pal"ster (?), n. [D. palsterstaf.] A pilgrim's staff. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Palsy
Pal"sy (?), n.; pl. Palsies (#). [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie,
F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis, complete
or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the palsy." Mark ii. 3. Bell's
palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side
of the face; -- so called from Sir Charles Bell, an English surgeon
who described it. -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp, under
Writer. -- Shaking palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually
occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a
peculiar shaking and tottering gait.
Palsy
Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.] To
affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy;
to paralyze.
Palsywort
Pal"sy*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); -- so called
from its supposed remedial powers. Dr. Prior.
Palter
Pal"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paltering.] [See Paltry.]
1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to
equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.
Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter. Shak.
Who never sold the truth to serve the hour, Nor paltered with
eternal God for power. Tennyson.
3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]
Palter
Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or
on worthless things. [Obs.] "Palter out your time in the penal
statutes." Beau. & Fl.
Palterer
Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who palters. Johnson.
Palterly
Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv. Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] "In palterly clothes." Pepys.
Paltock
Pal"tock (?), n. [See Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Paltrily
Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a paltry manner.
Paltriness
Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of being paltry.
Paltry
Pal"try (?), a. [Compar. Paltrier (; superl. Paltriest.] [Cf. Prov. E.
paltry refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a rag, a
tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl. paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless;
despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry excuse;
paltry gold. Cowper.
The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost. Byron.
Syn. -- See Contemptible.
Paludal
Pa*lu"dal (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to
marshes or fens; marshy. [R.] Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so
called because generated in marshy districts.
Paludament
Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See Paludamentum.
Paludamentum
Pa*lu`da*men*tum (?), n.; pl. Paladumenta ( (Rom. Antiq.) A military
cloak worn by a general and his principal officers.
Paludicol\'91
Pal`u*dic"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh +
colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds, including the
cranes, rails, etc.
Paludicole
Pa*lu"di*cole (?), a. [Cf. F. paludicole.] (Zo\'94l.)
Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicol\'91
Paludina
Pal`u*di"na (?), n.; pl. L. Paludin\'91 (#), E. Paludinas (#). [NL.,
fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to
Paludina, Melantho, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell
which is usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of Pond
snail, under Pond.
Paludinal
Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting ponds or swamps.
Paludine
Pal"u*dine (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to a
marsh. Buckland.
Paludinous
Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a.
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Paludinal. (b) Like or pertaining to the genus
Paludina.
2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.]
Paludism
Pa*lu"dism (?), n. (Med.) The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling
among marshes; malarial disease or disposition.
Paludose
Pal"u*dose` (?), a.[L. paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in marshy
places; marshy.
Palule
Pal"ule (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Palulus or Palus.
Palulus
Pal"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Palus.
Palus
Pa"lus (?), n.; pl. Pali (#). [L., a stake.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several
upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part
of the calicle of certain corals.
Palustral
Pa*lus"tral (?), a. [L. paluster, -ustris.] Of or pertaining to a bog
or marsh; boggy. [R.]
Palustrine
Pa*lus"trine (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or
swamp; marshy.
Paly
Pal"y (?), a. [From Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak.
Whittier.
Paly
Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. pal\'82. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided into four
or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different
tinctures disposed alternately.
Pam
Pam (?), n. [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.] The knave of
clubs. [Obs.] Pope.
Pament
Pa"ment (?), n. A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pampano
Pam"pa*no (?), n. [Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pompano.
Pampas
Pam"pas (?), n. pl. [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast
plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in
South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the
plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia. Pampas cat
(Zo\'94l.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique
transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet
long. Called also straw cat. -- Pampas deer (Zo\'94l.), a small,
reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, OR Blastocerus,
campestris). -- Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass
(Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a
native of the pampas of South America.
Pamper
Pam"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pampering.] [Cf. LG. pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe
thick pap, and E. pap.]
1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper
the body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr.
T. Dwight.
2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride;
to pamper the imagination. South.
Pampered
Pam"pered (?), a. Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence,
luxuriant. "Pampered boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope. --
Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.
Pamperer
Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper.
Pamperize
Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith.
Pampero
Pam*pe"ro (?), n.[Sp., fr. pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the
west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and
the adjacent seas, often doing great damage. Sir W. Parish.
Pamperos
Pam*pe"ros (?), n. pl.; sing. Pampero (. [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.) A
tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.
Pamphlet
Pam"phlet (?), n. [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr. OF.
palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a leaf,
dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus
meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French,
fr. L. Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who wrote
many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old French name
given to Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century,
pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.]
1. A writing; a book. Testament of love.
Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third. Ascham.
2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched
together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or
written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1035
Pamphlet
Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell.
Pamphleteer
Pam`phlet*eer" (?), n. A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden.
Macaulay.
Pamphleteer
Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or publish pamphlets.
By pamphleteering we shall not win. C. Kingsley.
Pampiniform
Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.) In the
form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian
veins.
Pampre
Pam"pre (?), n. [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.) An
ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for
decorating spiral columns.
Pamprodactylous
Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having all the toes
turned forward, as the colies.
Pan-, Panta-, Panto-
Pan- (?), Pan"ta- (?), Pan"to- (?). [Gr. Combining forms signifying
all, every; as, panorama, pantheism, pantagraph, pantograph. Pan-
becomes pam- before b or p, as pamprodactylous.
Pan
Pan, n. [OE. See 2d Pane.]
1. A part; a portion.
2. (Fort.) The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and
the flanked angle.
3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of gold or silver.
Pan
Pan, v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W.
panu to fur, to full.] To join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Pan
Pan (?), n. [Hind. p\'ben, Skr. parna leaf.] The betel leaf; also, the
masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See .
Pan
Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds, guardian of
bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually represented as
having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of
a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to
have invented.
Pan
Pan, n. [OE. panne, AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG. pfanna,
Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E.
paten.]
1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many
domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or baking
food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing. "A bowl
or a pan." Chaucer.
2. (Manuf.) A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum
pan, under Vacuum.
3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.
4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper
part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer.
5. (C A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.
6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan,
under Hard.
7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud.
Flash in the pan. See under Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to suggest
the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be
heretical. Ridley. Southey.
Pan
Pan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.]
(Mining) To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind
of pan. [U. S.]
We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and panning out,
which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine
dirt and black sand. Gen. W. T. Sherman.
Pan
Pan, v. i.
1. (Mining) To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; --
usually with out; as, the gravel panned out richly.
2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop;
as, the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang,
U. S.] <-- Pan v.t. & i., to scan (a movie camera), usu. in a
horizontal direction, to obtain a panoramic effect; also, to move the
camera so as to keep the subject in view. 2. to criticise (a drama or
literary work) harshly. -->
Panabase
Pan"a*base (?), n. [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the number
of metals contained in it.] (Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite.
Panacea
Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all;
catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.
2. (Bot.) The herb allheal.
Panacean
Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean
dews." Whitehead.
Panache
Pa*nache" (?), n. [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.] A
plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any
military plume, or ornamental group of feathers.
A panache of variegated plumes. Prescott.
Panada, Panade
Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade" (?), n. [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf. F.
panade. See Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp,
and sweetened or flavored. [Written also panado.]
Panade
Pa*nade" (?), n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Panama hat
Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the
young leaves of a plant (Carludovica palmata).
Pan-American
Pan`-A*mer"i*can (?), a. [See Pan-.] Of or pertaining to both North
and South America.
Pan-Anglican
Pan`-An"gli*can (?), a. [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.) Belonging to, or
representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to
include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the
Pan-Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.
Panary
Pan"a*ry (?), a. [L. panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or to
breadmaking.
Panary
Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for bread. Halliwell.
Pancake
Pan"cake` (?), n. A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a
griddle; a griddlecake; a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday."
Shak.
Pancarte
Pan"carte` (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.] A
royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
Pance
Pance (?), n. (Bot.) The pansy. [Also paunce.]
Panch
Panch (?), n. (Naut.) See Paunch.
Panchway
Panch"way (?), n. [Hind. pan.] (Naut.) A Bengalese four-oared boat for
passengers. [Written also panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom.
Pancratian
Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic; athletic.
Pancratiast
Pan*cra"ti*ast (?), n. One who engaged in the contests of the
pancratium.
Pancratiastic
Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West.
Pancratic
Pan*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Opt.) Having all or many degrees of power;
having a great range of power; -- said of an eyepiece made adjustable
so as to give a varying magnifying power.
Pancratic, Pancratical
Pan*crat"ic (?), Pan*crat"ic*al (?), a. [See Pancratium.] Of or
pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne
Pancratist
Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An athlete; a gymnast.
Pancratium
Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Gr. Antiq.) An athletic contest involving both boxing and
wrestling.
2. (Bot.) A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a
funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American
species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.
Pancreas
Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pancr\'82as.] (Anat.) The sweetbread,
a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is
usually elongated and light-colored, and its secretion, called the
pancreatic juice, is discharged, often together with the bile, into
the upper part of the intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion.
See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.
Pancreatic
Pan`cre*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pancr\'82atique.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion,
ferments. Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a colorless alkaline fluid
secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most
important of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct
ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it
acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See Pancreas.
Pancreatin
Pan"cre*a*tin (?), n. [See Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of the
digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation
containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used
in medicine as an aid to digestion.
NOTE: &hand; By so me th e te rm pa ncreatin is restricted to the
amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied
to trypsin, and by still others to steapsin.
Pancy
Pan"cy (?), n. See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden.
Panda
Pan"da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens)
having fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the
mountains of Northern India.
Pandanus
Pan*da"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.) A genus of
endogenous plants. See Screw pine.
Pandar
Pan"dar (?), n. Same as Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius."
Macaulay.
Pandarism
Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as Panderism. Swift.
Pandarize
Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To pander. [Obs.]
Pandarous
Pan"dar*ous (?), a. Panderous. [Obs.]
Pandean
Pan*de"an, a. [From 4th Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan. Pandean
pipes, a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of short
hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, and
fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to
have been invented by Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes.<--
also, pipes of Pan -->
Pandect
Pan"dect (?), n. [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. pandectes, pl.]
1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science.
[Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book. Donne.
2. pl. The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions,
writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth
century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading
compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent.
Pandemic
Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L. pandemus, Gr. pand\'82mique.] Affecting a whole
people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic. -- n. A pandemic
disease. Harvey.
Pandemonium
Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr.
1. The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits.
Milton.
2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.
Pander
Pan"der (?), n. [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is
represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus
the possession of Cressida.]
1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.
Thou art the pander to her dishonor. Shak.
2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of
another.
Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition. Burke.
Pander
Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.]
To play the pander for. <-- pander to (base emotions), to achieve
one's purpose by appealing to a person's base emotions (less noble
desires), as lust, prejudice, hate; to exploit base emotions -->
Pander
Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a pander.
Panderage
Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of pandering.
Panderism
Pan"der*ism (?), n. The employment, arts, or practices of a pander.
Bp. Hall.
Panderly
Pan"der*ly, a. Having the quality of a pander. "O, you panderly
rascals." Shak.
Pandermite
Pan*der"mite (?), n. [From Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from
which it is exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.
Panderous
Pan"der*ous (?), Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander.
Pandiculated
Pan*dic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out;
stretched.
Pandiculation
Pan*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr.
pandere to spread out.] A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and
extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy.
Pandit
Pan"dit (?), n. See Pundit.
Pandoor
Pan"door (?) n. Same as Pandour.
Pandora
Pan*do"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a
gift.]
1. (Class. Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter caused
Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because
Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box
containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and
spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version
makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost
to men when Pandora opened it.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat,
the other convex.
Pandore
Pan"dore (?), n. [F. See Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of
the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also pandoran.]<-- a bandura? -->
Pandour
Pan"dour (?), n. One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in
the Austrian army; -- so called from Pandur, a principal town in the
region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.]
Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars. Campbell.
Pandowdy
Pan*dow"dy (?), n. A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of
sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.
Pandurate, Panduriform
Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form (?), a. [L. pandura a pandore + -form: cf.
F. panduriforme.] Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the
body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform
color markings of an animal.
Pane
Pane (?), n. [F. panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.
Pane
Pane, n. [OE. pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet,
part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet, rag;
akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.]
1. A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any
surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.
2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright
colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or
other stuff so shown.
3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one
side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have
eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one
compartment of a window sash.
4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a
feeder and an outlet drain.
5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having
several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a
brilliant cut diamond.
Paned
Paned (?), a.
1. Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; as, a
paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose." Massinger.
2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a sixpaned nut.
Panegyric
Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), n. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F.
pan\'82gyrique. See Panegyric, a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of
some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a
laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy.
Panegyric, Panegyrical
Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), Pan`e*gyr"ic*al (?), a. [L. panegyricus, Gr.
panhgyrico`s, from pa^, pa^n all + Containing praise or eulogy;
encomiastic; laudatory. "Panegyric strains." Pope. --
Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv.
Some of his odes are panegyrical. Dryden.
Panegyris
Pa*neg"y*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Panegyric.] A festival; a public
assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris.
Panegyrist
Pan"e*gyr`ist (?), n. [L. panegyrista, Gr. Panegyric.] One who
delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by
writing or speaking.
If these panegyrists are in earnest. Burke.
Panegyrize
Pan"e*gy*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Panegyrizing (?).] [Gr. Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to extol in
a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize.
Panegyrize
Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford.
Panegyry
Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton.
Panel
Pan"el (?), n. [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F. panneau,
dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d
Pane.]
1. (Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or
otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1036
2. (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names
of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally,
the whole jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for
trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill.
3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad
beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.
4. (Joinery) A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a
surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door.
5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt.
6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a
picture is painted.
7. (Mining) (a) A heap of dressed ore. (b) One of the districts
divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one
system of extracting coal.
8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed
at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.
9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts,
as in a bridge truss.
Panel game, a method of stealing money in a panel house. -- Panel
house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret
entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. -- Panel
saw, handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc. --
Panel thief, one who robs in a panel house.
Panel
Pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled (?) or Panelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Paneling or Panelling.] To form in or with panels; as, to panel a
wainscot.<-- to put panels on (e.g. a wall) --> Paneled back (Arch.),
the paneled work covering the window back. See Window back.
Panelation
Pan`el*a"tion (?), n. The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written
also panellation.] Wood.
Paneless
Pane"less (?), a. Without panes.
To patch his paneless window. Shenstone.
Paneling
Pan"el*ing (?), n. A forming in panels; panelwork. [Written also
panelling.]
Panelwork
Pan"el*work` (?), n. (Arch.) Wainscoting.
Paneulogism
Pan*eu"lo*gism (?), n. [See Pan-, Eulogy.] Eulogy of everything;
indiscriminate praise. [R.]
Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism. National Rev.
Panful
Pan"ful (?), n.; pl. Panfuls (#). [See 5th Pan.] Enough to fill a pan.
Pang
Pang (?), n. [Prob. for older prange. Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of
extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as,
the pangs of death. Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.
Pang
Pang, v. t. To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to
torment. [R.] Shak.
Pangenesis
Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.) An hypothesis advanced
by Darwin in explanation of heredity.
NOTE: &hand; Th e th eory re sts on the assumption, that the whole
organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit,
reproduces itself, the cells throwing off minute granules called
gemmules, which circulate freely throughout the system and multiply
by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs
and products, or in buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules
from all parts of the parent or parents, which in development give
rise to cells in the offspring similar to those from which they
were given off in the parent. The hypothesis also assumes that
these gemmules need not in all cases develop into cells, but may
lie dormant, and be transmitted from generation to generation
without producing a noticeable effect until a case of atavism
occurs.
<-- ingenious, but wrong. A hundred years later we are still only
beginning to understand the development process. -->
Pangenetic
Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis.
Pangful
Pang"ful (?), a. Full of pangs. Richardson.
Pangless
Pang"less, a. Without a pang; painless. Byron.
Pangolin
Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay pang.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species
of Manis, Pholidotus, and related genera, found in Africa and Asia.
They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called
also scaly ant-eater.
Pangothic
Pan*goth"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Gothic.] Of, pertaining to, or including,
all the Gothic races. "Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle.
Panhellenic
Pan`hel*len"ic (?), a. [See Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all
Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks.
Panhellenism
Pan*hel"len*ism (?), n. A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one
political body.
Panhellenist
Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of Panhellenism.
Panhellenium
Pan`hel*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An assembly or
association of Greeks from all the states of Greece.
Panic
Pan"ic (?), n. [L. panicum.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum;
panic grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass.
Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum.
Panic
Pan"ic, a. [Gr. panique.] Extreme or sudden and causeless;
unreasonable; -- said of fear or fright; as, panic fear, terror,
alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden.
Panic
Pan"ic, n. [Gr. panigue. See Panic, a.]
1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless
fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of
danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic.
2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning
financial affairs.
Panical
Pan"ic*al (?), a. See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden.
Panicle
Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the
thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. pane: cf. F.
panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in
which the cluster is loosely branched below and gradually simpler
toward the end. <-- Illustr. of a panicle -->
Panicled
Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or
like, panicles; paniculate.
Panic-stricken, Panic-struck
Pan"ic-strick`en (?), Pan"ic-struck` (?), a. Struck with a panic, or
sudden fear. Burke.
Paniculate, Paniculated
Pa*nic"u*late (?), Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Panicle.] (Bot) Same
as Panicled.
Panicum
Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L., panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses,
including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic
grass.
Panidiomorphic
Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.) Having a
completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks.
Panier
Pan"ier (?), n. See Pannier, 3. [Obs.]
Panification
Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make:
cf. F. panification.] The act or process of making bread. Ure.
Panim
Pa"nim (?), n. See Painim. [Obs.] Milton.
Panislamism
Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n. [Pan- + Islamism.] A desire or plan for the
union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.
Panivorous
Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.] Eating
bread; subsisting on bread.
Pannade
Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of a horse.
Pannage
Pan"nage (?), n. [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr.
pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing,
grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The food of swine in the
woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; -- called also pawns. (b) A tax
paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.
Pannary
Pan"na*ry (?), a. See Panary. Loudon.
Pannel
Pan"nel (?), n. [See Panel.]
1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser.
2. (Falconry) The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth.
3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march.
Farrow.
Pannier
Pan"nier (?), n. [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis
bread. Cf. Pantry.]
1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for
carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras.
2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a
shelter from the enemy's missiles.
3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.
4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their
dresses; a kind of bustle.
Panniered
Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing panniers. Wordsworth.
Pannikel
Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence,
the crest. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pannikin
Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of pan a dish.] A small pan or cup. Marryat.
Thackeray.
Pannose
Pan"nose` (?), a. [See Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture or
appearance to felt or woolen cloth.
Pannus
Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very vascular
superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of
the eyelids. Foster.
Panoistic
Pan`o*is"tic (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Producing ova only; --
said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce
vitelligenous cells.
Panomphean
Pan`om*phe"an (?), a. [L. panomphaeus, Gr. Uttering ominous or
prophetic voices; divining. [R.]
We want no half gods, panomphean Joves. Mrs. Browning.
Panoplied
Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in panoply.
Panoply
Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr. Defensive armor in general; a full suit of
defensive armor. Milton.
We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole
armor of God. Ray.
Panopticon
Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Optic.]
1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the
prisoners at all times, without being seen.
2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.
Panorama
Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pan-, and Wary.]
1. A complete view in every direction.
2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from
a central point.
3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once,
and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass
continuously before the spectator.
Panoramic, Panoramical
Pan`o*ram"ic (?), Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like,
a panorama. Panoramic camera. See under Camera.
Panorpian
Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus
Panorpa. -- n. Same as Panorpid.
Panorpid
Pa*nor"pid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus
Panorpa, and allied genera. The larv\'91 feed on plant lice.
Panpharmacon
Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Pharmacon.] A medicine for
all diseases; a panacea. [R.]
Panpresbyterian
Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Pan- + Presbyterian.] Belonging to, or
representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of
the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council.
Pansclavic, Pansclavism, Pansclavist, Pansclavonian
Pan`sclav"ic (?), Pan`sclav"ism (?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an
(?). See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc.
Panshon
Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the
bottom, -- used for holding milk and for various other purposes.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Pansied
Pan"sied (?), a. [From Pansy.] Covered or adorned with pansies. "The
pansied grounds." Darwin.
Panslavic
Pan`slav"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Slavic.] Pertaining to all the Slavic
races.
Panslavism
Pan`slav"ism (?), n. A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races
into one confederacy.
Panslavist
Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who favors Panslavism.
Panslavonian
Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See Panslavic.
Pansophical
Pan*soph"ic*al (?), a. [See Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal
knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders. [R.] John Worthington.
Pansophy
Pan"so*phy (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. pansophie.] Universal wisdom; esp., a
system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a
Moravian educator. [R.] Hartlib.
Panspermatist, Panspermist
Pan*sper"ma*tist (?), Pan"sper`mist (?), n. (Biol.) A believer in
panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a
biogenist.
Panspermic
Pan`sper"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the
panspermic hypothesis.
Panspermy
Pan"sper`my (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The doctrine of the
widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable
circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine
that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; -- the
opposite of spontaneous generation.
Panstereorama
Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A model of a town or country,
in relief, executed in wood, cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande &
C.
Pansy
Pan"sy (?), n.; pl. Pansies (#). [F. Pens\'82e thought, pansy, fr.
penser to think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.) A
plant of the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally
purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a
great diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness,
and many other quaint names.
Pant
Pant (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] [Cf.
F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F.
pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig.
meaning, to have the nightmare.]
1. To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or
from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast;
to gasp.
Pluto plants for breath from out his cell. Dryden.
2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly.
As the hart panteth after the water brooks. Ps. xlii. 1.
Who pants for glory finds but short repose. Pope.
3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or
throb; -- said of the heart. Spenser.
4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic]
The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.
Pope.
Pant
Pant, v. t.
1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.
There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish.
Shelley.
2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.]
Then shall our hearts pant thee. Herbert.
Pant
Pant, n.
1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. Drayton.
2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak.
Panta-
Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-.
Pantable
Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See Pantofle. [Obs.]
Pantacosm
Pan"ta*cosm (?), n. [Panta- + Gr. See Cosmolabe.
Pantagraph
Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See Pantograph.
Pantagruelism
Pan*tag"ru*el*ism (?), n. [From Pantagruel, one of the characters of
Rabelais.]
1. The theory or practice of the medical profession; -- used in
burlesque or ridicule.
2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.]
Donaldson.
Pantalet
Pan`ta*let" (?), n. [Dim. of pantal.] One of the legs of the loose
drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of
such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece;
-- chiefly in the plural.
Pantaloon
Pan`ta*loon" (?), n. [F. pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked
character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that
were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice,
which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and
is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr.
1. Aridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy;
also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison.
The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak.
2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the
waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.
3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers.
Pantaloonery
Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n.
1. The character or performances of a pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.]
Lamb.
2. Materials for pantaloons.
Pantamorph
Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.
Pantamorphic
Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a. [Panta- + Gr. Taking all forms.
Pantascope
Pan"ta*scope (?), n. [Panta- + -scope.] (Photog.) A pantascopic
camera.
Pantascopic
Pan`ta*scop"ic (?), a. Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See
under Camera.
_________________________________________________________________
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Pantastomata
Pan`ta*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and allied forms.
Pantechnicon
Pan*tech"ni*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Technic.] A depository or
place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.
Pantelegraph
Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n. [Pan- + telegraph.] See under Telegraph.
Panter
Pant"er (?), n. One who pants. Congreve.
Panter
Pan"ter (?), n.[F. panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of the pantry; a
pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale.
Panter
Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Panteutonic
Pan`teu*ton"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or pertaining to all the
Teutonic races.
Pantheism
Pan"the*ism (?), n. [Pan- + theism.] The doctrine that the universe,
taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is
no God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the
existing universe; cosmotheism.
Pantheist
Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to pantheism.
Pantheistic, Pantheistical
Pan`the*is"tic (?), Pan`the*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism. --
Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.
Pantheologist
Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantheology.
Pantheology
Pan`the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pan- + theology.] A system of theology
embracing all religions; a complete system of theology.
Pantheon
Pan*the"on (?), n. [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. panth\'82on. See Pan-,
and Theism.]
1. A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the building so
called at Rome.
2. The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a
divinity of the Greek pantheon.
Panther
Pan"ther (?), n. [OE. pantere, F. panth\'8are, L. panthera, Gr.
pundr\'c6ka a tiger.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some
zo\'94logists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large
ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the
body.
2. (Zo\'94l.) In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar,
and sometimes to the jaguar. <-- Illustr. of Panther (Felis leopardus,
or pardus) -->
Panther cat (Zo\'94l.), the ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zo\'94l.), a
spotted East Indian cowry (Cypr\'91a pantherina); -- so called from
its color.
Pantheress
Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zo\'94l.) A female panther.
Pantherine
Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine
snake (Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil.
Pantile
Pan"tile` (?), n. [5th pan + tile.] (Arch.) A roofing tile, of
peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S
laid on its side (
Pantingly
Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak.
Pantisocracy
Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy (?), n. [Panto- + Gr. A Utopian community, in which
all should rule equally, such as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and
Southey, in their younger days.
Pantisocrat
Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A pantisocratist.
Pantisocratic
Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.
Pantisocratist
Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist (?), n. One who favors or supports the theory of a
pantisocracy. Macaulay.
Pantler
Pan"tler (?), n. [F. panetier. See Panter, Pantry.] The servant or
officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the
pantry. [Obs.] Shak.
Panto-
Pan"to- (?). See Pan-.
Pantochronometer
Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + chronometer.] An instrument
combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial. Brande & C.
Pantofle
Pan*to"fle (?), n. [F. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. [Written
also pantable and pantoble.]
Pantograph
Pan"to*graph (?), n. [Panto- + -graph: cf. F. pantographe.] An
instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same,
or on a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also pantagraph, and
incorrectly pentagraph.] <-- 2. an electrical trolley supported by a
collapsible frame, resembling a pantograph (1). --> Skew pantograph, a
kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect
to the original figure; -- also called plagiograph.
Pantographic, Pantographical
Pan`to*graph"ic (?), Pan`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
pantographique.] Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to
pantography.
Pantography
Pan*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. pantographie.] A general description;
entire view of an object.
Pantological
Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantology.
Pantologist
Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.
Pantology
Pan*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Panto- + -logy.] A systematic view of all
branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information.
Pantometer
Pan*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + -meter: cf. F. pantom\'8atre.] An
instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances,
etc.
Pantometry
Pan*tom"e*try (?), n. Universal measurement. [R.] -- Pan`to*met"ric
(#), a. [R.]
Pantomime
Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. pantomimo. See Mimic.]
1. A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, any
actor. [Obs.]
2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without
speaking; a pantomimist.
[He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the
performance from the action alone. Tylor.
3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence,
dumb show, generally.
4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as
well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin,
etc., are features.
Pantomime
Pan"to*mime, a. Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a
pantomime dance.
Pantomimic, Pantomimical
Pan`to*mim"ic (?), Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pantomimique.] Of
or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show. "Pantomimic
gesture." Bp. Warburton. -- Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv.
Pantomimist
Pan"to*mi`mist (?), n. An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of
pantomimes.
Panton
Pan"ton (?), n. [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.) A horseshoe to correct
a narrow, hoofbound heel.
Pantophagist
Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that
has the habit of eating all kinds of food.
Pantophagous
Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. Eating all kinds of food.
Pantophagy
Pan*toph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. The habit or power of eating all kinds of
food.
Pantopoda
Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Pycnogonida.
Pantoscopic
Pan`to*scop"ic (?), a. [Panto- + -scope + -ic.] Literally, seeing
everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into
two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower
for vision of near objects.<-- = bifocal -->
Pantry
Pan"try (?), n.; pl. Pantries (#). [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr.
panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread,
L. panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.] An apartment or closet
in which bread and other provisions are kept.
Panurgic
Pan*ur"gic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Skilled in all kinds of work. "The
panurgic Diderot." J. Morley.
Panurgy
Pan"ur*gy (?), n. [Gr. Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft.
[R.] Bailey.
Panyard
Pan"yard (?), n. See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys.
Panym
Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See Panim. [Obs.]
Panzoism
Pan*zo"ism (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.) A term used to denote all of
the elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy. H.
Spencer.
Paolo
Pa"o*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth
about ten cents.
Pap
Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]
1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden.
The paps which thou hast sucked. Luke xi. 27.
2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in
shape; a mamelon. Macaulay.
Pap
Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa, the word
with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.]
1. A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk
or water.
2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap.
[Colloq. & Contemptuous]
3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.
Pap
Pap, v. t. To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl.
Papa
Pa*pa" (?), n. [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. Pope.]
1. A child's word for father.
2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley.
Papabote
Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The upland
plover. [Local, U. S.]
Papacy
Pa"pa*cy (?), n. [LL. papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See
Pope.]
1. The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal
jurisdiction.
2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.
3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of
the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.
Papagay
Pap"a*gay (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Popinjay, 1 (b).
Papain
Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteolytic ferment,
like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw
(Carica Papaya) of tropical America.
Papal
Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.]
1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope;
ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal
edict; the papal benediction. Milman.
2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians."
Bp. Burnet.
Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross. -- Papal crown, the tiara.
Papalist
Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A papist. [Obs.] Baxter.
Papality
Pa*pal"i*ty (?), n. [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papaut\'82.] The papacy.
[Obs.] Ld. Berners. Milton.
Papalize
Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make papal. [R.]
Papalize
Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to popery. Cowper.
Papally
Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner; popishly
Papalty
Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The papacy. [Obs.] Milton.
Papaphobia
Pa`pa*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr. Intense fear or
dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church. [R.]
Paparchy
Pa"par*chy (?), n. [L. papa bishop + -archy.] Government by a pope;
papal rule.
Papaver
Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L., poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the
poppy.
Papaveraceous
Pa*pav`er*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
natural order of plants (Papaverace\'91) of which the poppy, the
celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples.
Papaverine
Pa*pav"er*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a
weaker therapeutic action than morphine.
Papaverous
Pa*pav"er*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of
the poppy. Sir T. Browne.
Papaw
Pa*paw" (?), n. [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf.
Sp. papayo papaw, papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also
pawpaw.]
1. (Bot.) A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the
order Passiflore\'91. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty
feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed
leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of
making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit,
which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.<-- juice contains
papain, a protease? -->
2. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the
western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet
edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray.
Papboat
Pap"boat` (?), n.
1. A kind of sauce boat or dish.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella
rapha); -- so called because used by native priests to hold the oil
for anointing.
Pape
Pape (?), n. [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.] A spiritual father;
specifically, the pope. [Obs.]
Papejay
Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Paper
Pa"per (?), n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the
Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. Papyrus.]
1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be
written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags,
straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced
to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.
2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.
3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a
writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society.
They brought a paper to me to be signed. Dryden.
4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as,
a daily paper.
5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and
the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper.
6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper
hangings, below.
7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of
pins, tacks, opium, etc.
8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external
application; as, cantharides paper.
NOTE: &hand; Pa per is ma nufactured in sheets, the trade names of
which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the
following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat.
<-- insert table of paper trade names and sizes -->
NOTE: In th e manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size
originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a
quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a
sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an
offcut folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times,
with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1038
NOTE: &hand; Pa per is of ten us ed adjectively or in combination,
having commonly an obvious signification; as, paper cutter or
paper-cutter; paper knife, paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker,
paper-maker, or papermaker; paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight,
paper-weight, or paperweight, etc.
Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of
actual indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper. -- Fly paper,
paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies.
-- Laid paper. See under Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch
tree (Betula papyracea). -- Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade,
as by a weak naval force. -- Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of
water-proof paper. -- Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a
steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between two
plate-iron disks. Forney. -- Paper credit, credit founded upon
evidences of debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper
hanger, one who covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper hangings,
paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental,
prepared to be pasted against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall
paper. -- Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come in
on free passes. [Cant] -- Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued
by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money,
and circulated as the representative of coin. -- Paper mulberry.
(Bot.) See under Mulberry. -- Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for
linings, etc. -- Paper nautilus. (Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta. -- Paper
reed (Bot.), the papyrus. -- Paper sailor. (Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta.
-- Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. De Colange. --
Paper wasp (Zo\'94l.), any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike
material, as the yellow jacket. -- Paper weight, any object used as a
weight to prevent loose papers from being displaced by wind, or
otherwise. -- Parchment paper. See Papyrine. -- Tissue paper, thin,
gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect engravings in books. --
Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above. -- Waste paper, paper
thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for uses of little
account. -- Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not
ribbed or watermarked.<-- paper tiger, a person or group that appears
to be powerful and dangerous but is in fact weak and ineffectual -->
Paper
Pa"per (?), a. Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling
paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper
army.
Paper
Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.]
1. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a
room or a house.
2. To fold or inclose in paper.
3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.]
Paperweight
Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See under Paper, n.
Papery
Pa"per*y (?), a. Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of
paper. Gray.
Papescent
Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap;
like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot.
Papess
Pa"pess (?), n. [F. papesse.] A female pope; i. e., the fictitious
pope Joan. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Papeterie
Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A case
or box containing paper and materials for writing.
Paphian
Pa"phi*an (?), a. [L. Paphius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Paphos, an
ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence,
pertaining to Venus, or her rites.
Paphian
Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos.
Papier-mach\'82
Pa`pier"-ma`ch\'82" (?), n. [F. papier m\'83ch\'82, lit., chewed or
mashed paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper,
mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles,
usually by means of molds.
Papilio
Pa*pil"i*o (?), n. [L., a butterfly.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
butterflies.
NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly it in cluded numerous species which are now
placed in other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the
swallow-tailed butterflies, like Papilio polyxenes, or asterias,
and related species.
Papilionaceous
Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a.
1. Resembling the butterfly.
2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly,
as in the blossoms of the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that suborder
of leguminous plants (Papilionace\'91) which includes the bean, pea,
vetch, clover, and locust.
Papiliones
Pa*pil`i*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Papilio.] (Zo\'94l.) The division
of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.
Papilionides
Pa*pil`i*on"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The typical
butterflies.
Papilla
Pa*pil"la (?), n.; pl. Papill\'91 (#). [L., a nipple, pimple.] Any
minute nipplelike projection; as, the papill\'91 of the tongue.
Papillar
Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Same as Papillose.
Papillary
Pap"il*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, a papilla or papill\'91; bearing, or covered with,
papill\'91; papillose.
Papillate
Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To cover with papill\'91; to take the form
of a papilla, or of papill\'91.
Papillate
Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as Papillose.
Papilliform
Pa*pil"li*form (?), a. [Papilla + -form.] Shaped like a papilla;
mammilliform.
Papilloma
Pap`il*lo"ma (?), n.; pl. Papillomata (#). [NL. See Papilla, and
-Oma.] (Med.) A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papill\'91 of the
skin or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain.
Papillomatous
Pap`il*lo"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of,
papillomata.
Papillose
Pap"il*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F. papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing,
papill\'91; resembling papill\'91; papillate; papillar; papillary.
Papillote
Pap"il*lote (?), n. [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of
paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper.
Papillous
Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary; papillose.
Papillulate
Pa*pil"lu*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a minute papilla in the
center of a larger elevation or depression.
Papion
Pa"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zo\'94l.)
A West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its
color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.
Papism
Pa"pism (?), n. [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.] Popery; -- an offensive
term. Milton.
Papist
Pa"pist (?), n. [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.] A Roman catholic; one
who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an
offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents.
Papistic, Papistical
Pa*pis"tic (?), Pa*pis"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. papistique.] Of or
pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies;
pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly. "The old papistic
worship." T. Warton. -- Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.
Papistry
Pa"pist*ry (?), n. The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome;
popery. [R.] Whitgift.
Papized
Pa"pized (?), a. [From Pape.] Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized
writers." Fuller.
Papoose
Pa*poose" (?), n. A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North
America.
Pappiform
Pap"pi*form (?), a. (Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite plants.
Pappoose
Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as Papoose. Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh.
Pappose
Pap*pose" (?) a. (Bot.) Furnished with a pappus; downy.
Pappous
Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Pappose.
Pappus
Pap"pus (?), n. [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance
resembling gray hairs, Gr. (Bot.) The hairy or feathery appendage of
the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the
order Composit\'91; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which
represent the calyx in other plants of the same order.
Pappy
Pap"py (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Like pap; soft; succulent;
tender. Ray.
Papuan
Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Papua.
Papuars
Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing. Papuan (. (Ethnol.) The native black race
of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.
Papula
Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl. Papul\'91 (#). [L.]
1. (Med.) A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the
cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy
of tissue; a papule. Quain.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the numerous small hollow processes of the
integument between the plates of starfishes.
Papular
Pap"u*lar (?), a.
1. Covered with papules.
2. (Med.) Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of
papules; as, a papular eruption.
Papule
Pap"ule (?), n.; pl. Papules (. Same as Papula.
Papulose
Pap"u*lose` (?), a. (Biol.) Having papul\'91; papillose; as, a
papulose leaf.
Papulous
Pap"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. pap.] Covered with, or characterized by,
papul\'91; papulose.
Papyraceous
Pap`y*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. papyraceus made of papyrus.] Made of
papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.
Papyrean
Pa*pyr"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper;
papyraceous.
Papyrine
Pap"y*rine (?), n. [Cf. F. papyrin made of paper. See Paper.]
Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric
acid.
Papyrograph
Pa*pyr"o*graph (?), n. [Papyrus + -graph.] An apparatus for
multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed
by writing or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also
used of other means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc.
See Copygraph, Hectograph, Manifold.
Papyrography
Pap`y*rog"ra*phy (?), n. The process of multiplying copies of
writings, etc., by means of the papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic (#),
a.
Papyrus
Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl. Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. Paper.]
1. (Bot.) A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family,
formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily,
etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.
2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed
by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which
were gummed together and pressed.
3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made of
papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.
P\'83que
P\'83que (?), n. [F. p\'83que.] See Pasch and Easter.
Par
Par (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Parr.
Par
Par, prep. [F., fr. L. per. See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in
Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes
written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or
paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.
Par
Par (?), n. [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]
1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value
expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a
bond or other commercial paper.
2. Equality of condition or circumstances.
At par, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium.
-- Above par, at a premium. -- Below par, at a discount. -- On a par,
on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank,
etc.; as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with
his ambition. -- Par of exchange. See under Exchange. -- Par value,
nominal value; face value.
Para-
Par"a- (?). [Gr. for- in forgive. Cf. For-.]
1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss;
as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is
contrary to opinion; parachronism.
2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection,
or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the
name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also,
an isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two
groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or
in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as
paraxylene; paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used
adjectively.
Para
Pa*ra" (?), n. [Turk., fr. Per. p\'berah a piece.] A piece of Turkish
money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one
ninth of a cent.
Parabanic
Par`a*ban"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a
nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a
white crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl urea.
Parablast
Par"a*blast (?), n. [Cf. Gr. Para-, and -blast.] (Biol.) A portion of
the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the
cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first blood and
blood vessels. C. S. Minot.
Parablastic
Par`a*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast; as,
the parablastic cells.
Parable
Par"a*ble (?), a. [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.] Procurable.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Parable
Par"a*ble, n. [F. parabole, L. parabola, fr. Gr. gal to drop. Cf.
Emblem, Gland, Palaver, Parabola, Parley, Parabole, Symbol.] A
comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative
of something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of
which a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer.
Declare unto us the parable of the tares. Matt. xiii. 36.
Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under Apologue.
Parable
Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by parable. [R.]
Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled. Milton.
Parabola
Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl. Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Parable, and cf.
Parabole.] (Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections
formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane
parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is
equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed
straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of
curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole
number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the
semicubical parabola n = . See under Cubical, and Semicubical. The
parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.
Parabole
Pa*rab"o*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parable.] (Rhet.) Similitude;
comparison.
Parabolic, Parabolical
Par`a*bol"ic (?), Par`a*bol"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. parabolique. See
Parable.]
1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure;
allegorical; as, parabolical instruction.
2. [From Parabola.] (Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of a
parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic
curve. (b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line
that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid.
Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a
parabola. See Conoid. -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a
paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very
distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting
telescopes. -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the
portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the
axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic spiral, a
spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola
when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve
having an analogy to the parabola.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1039
Parabolically
Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv.
1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.
2. In the form of a parabola.
Paraboliform
Par`a*bol"i*form (?), a. [Parabola + -form.] Resembling a parabola in
form.
Parabolism
Pa*rab"o*lism (?), n. [From Parabola.] (Alg.) The division of the
terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the first
term. [Obs.]
Parabolist
Pa*rab"o*list (?), n. A narrator of parables.
Paraboloid
Pa*rab"o*loid (?), n. [Parabola + -oid: cf. F. parabolo\'8bde.]
(Geom.) The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its
axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes
parallel to a given line are parabolas.
NOTE: &hand; The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to
the parabolas of the higher orders.
Hutton.
Paraboloidal
Par`a*bo*loid"al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
paraboloid.
Parabronchium
Par`a*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Parabronchia (#). [NL. See Para-,
Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the branches of an ectobronchium or
entobronchium.
Paracelsian
Par`a*cel"si*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the
practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th century.
Ferrand.
Paracelsian
Par`a*cel"si*an, n. A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or
teachings. Hakewill.
Paracelsist
Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A Paracelsian.
Paracentesis
Par`a*cen*te"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) The perforation of a
cavity of the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable
instrument, for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.
Paracentric, Paracentrical
Par`a*cen"tric (?), Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + centric,
-ical: cf. F. paracentrique.] Deviating from circularity; changing the
distance from a center. Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the
property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending
along it, by the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a
fixed point or center, by equal distances in equal times; -- called
also a paracentric. -- Paracentric motton OR velocity, the motion or
velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to,
or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion in space,
or to its motion as reckoned in any other direction.
Parachordal
Par`a*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. para- + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated on
either side of the notochord; -- applied especially to the
cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part
of the notochord. -- n. A parachordal cartilage.
Parachronism
Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. parachronisme.] An error in
chronology, by which the date of an event is set later than the time
of its occurrence. [R.]
Parachrose
Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr. (Min.) Changing color by exposure Mohs.
Parachute
Par"a*chute (?), n. [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall.
See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]
1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of
which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.<-- usu
used for descending to the ground from an airplane, for military
operations (airborne troops), in an emergency, or for sport (sky
diving) -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of
certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.
<-- parachutist; parachuting. parachute = verb -->
Paraclete
Par"a*clete (?), n. [L. paracletus, Gr. An advocate; one called to aid
or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term
applied to the Holy Spirit.
From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of
the Paraclete given him by Christ. Bp. Pearson.
Paraclose
Par"a*close (?), n. (Arch.) See Parclose.
Paracmastic
Par`ac*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. Para-, and Acme.] (Med.) Gradually
decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper. Dunglison.
Paraconic
Par`a*con"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white
crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and
mesaconic acids.
Paraconine
Par`a*co"nine (?), n. [Pref. para- + conine.] (Chem.) A base
resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless
liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.
Paracorolla
Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n. [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.) A secondary or
inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.
Paracrostic
Par`a*cros"tic (?), n. [Pref. para- + acrostic.] A poetical
composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first
letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C.
Paracyanogen
Par`a*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. [Pref. para- + cyanogen.] (Chem.) A
polymeric modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black
amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide.
Paracymene
Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.) Same as Cymene.
Paradactylum
Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. Paradactyla (#). [NL. See Para-, and
Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) The side of a toe or finger.
Parade
Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an assembling
for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr.
parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.]
1. The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are
drilled.
2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in
full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior
officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or
private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force
assembled.
3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition.
Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. Swift.
4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing
procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as,
a parade of firemen.
In state returned the grand parade. Swift.
5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.]
When they are not in parade, and upon their guard. Locke.
6. A public walk; a promenade.
Dress parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. -- Parade
rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are
required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm. Syn. -- Ostentation;
display; show. -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a pompous exhibition
of things for the purpose of display; ostentation now generally
indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for which one expects
to be honored. "It was not in the mere parade of royalty that the
Mexican potentates exhibited their power." Robertson. "We are dazzled
with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of learning, and the
noise of victories." Spectator.
Parade
Pa*rade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.]
[Cf. F. parader.]
1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off.
Parading all her sensibility. Byron.
2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march
ceremoniously; as, to parade troops.
Parade
Pa*rade", v. i.
1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in
a public place.
2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to
form or march, as in review.
Paradigm
Par"a*digm (?), n. [F. paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. Para-, and
Diction.]
1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns of
all things." Cudworth.
2. (Gram.) An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word
in all its different forms of inflection.
3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a parable or fable.
Paradigmatic, Paradigmatical
Par`a*dig*mat"ic (?), Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Exemplary. --
Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]
Paradigmatic
Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A writer of memoirs of religious
persona, as examples of Christian excellence.
Paradigmatize
Par`a*dig"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized (?); p. pr.
& vb. n. Paradigmatizing (?).] [Gr. Paradigm.] To set forth as a model
or example. [Obs.] Hammond.
Paradisaic, Paradisaical
Par`a*di*sa"ic (?), Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or
resembling, paradise; paradisiacal. "Paradisaical pleasures." Gray.
Paradisal
Par"a*di`sal (?), a. Paradisiacal.
Paradise
Par"a*dise (?), n. [OE. & F. paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr.
para`deisos park, paradise, fr. Zend pairida&emac;za an inclosure;
pairi around (akin to Gr. diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to
smear, and E. dough. Cf. Parvis.]
1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their
creation.
2. The abode of sanctified souls after death.
To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise. Luke xxiii. 43.
It sounds to him like her mother's voice, Singing in Paradise.
Longfellow.
3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a
state of happiness.
The earth Shall be all paradise. Milton.
Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision. Beaconsfield.
4. (Arch.) An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as
the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.
5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.
Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and Limbo. -- Grains of paradise.
(Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under Pepper. -- Paradise bird.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most beautiful species
are the superb (Lophorina superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes
magnifica); and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia sefilata). The
long-billed paradise birds (Epimachin\'91) also include some highly
ornamental species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides
alba), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long breast
feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See Bird of
paradise in the Vocabulary. -- Paradise fish (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
fresh-water Asiatic fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large
fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental fish. -- Paradise
flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), any flycatcher of the genus Terpsiphone, having
the middle tail feathers extremely elongated. The adult male of T.
paradisi is white, with the head glossy dark green, and crested. --
Paradise grackle (Zo\'94l.), a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of
the genus Astrapia, having dark velvety plumage with brilliant
metallic tints. -- Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia
nut. [Local, U. S.] -- Paradise whidah bird. (Zo\'94l.) See Whidah.
Paradise
Par"a*dise (?), v. t. To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to
entrance; to bewitch. [R.] Marston.
Paradisean
Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a. Paradisiacal.
Paradised
Par"a*dised (?), a. Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of
paradise.
Paradisiac, Paradisiacal
Par`a*dis"i*ac (?), Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), a. [L. paradisiacus.] Of or
pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C. Kingsley.
T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope.
The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty. G. Eliot.
Paradisial, Paradisian
Par`a*dis"i*al (?), Par`a*dis"i*an (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.]
Paradisic
Par`a*dis"ic (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome.
Paradisical
Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.]
Parados
Par`a*dos (?), n.; pl. Paradoses (#). [F., fr. parer to defend + dos
back, L. dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting mound, erected in any part
of a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet
fire; a traverse. Farrow.
Paradox
Par`a*dox (?), n.; pl. Paradoxes (#). [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr.
Gr. Para-, and Dogma.] A tenet or proposition contrary to received
opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed
to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet
may be true in fact.
A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show
not to be altogether unreasonable. Hooker.
This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. Shak.
Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic.
Paradoxal
Par"a*dox`al (?), a. Paradoxical. [Obs.]
Paradoxical
Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a.
1. Of the nature of a paradox.
2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received
opinions. Southey. -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.
Paradoxer, n., Paradoxist
Par"a*dox`er (?), n., Par"a*dox`ist (, n. One who proposes a paradox.
Paradoxides
Par`a*dox"i*des (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large trilobites
characteristic of the primordial formations.
Paradoxology
Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paradox + -logy.] The use of paradoxes.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Paradoxure
Par`a*dox"ure (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Paradoxurus, a
genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, as the musang,
and the luwack or palm cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See Musang.
Paradoxy
Par"a*dox`y (?), n.
1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox.
2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge
Paraffin, Paraffine
Par"af*fin (?), Par"af*fine (?), n. [F. paraffine, fr. L. parum too
little + affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical
inactivity.] (Chem.) A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti,
tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar,
petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and
lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the
strong chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite
compound, but is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher
hydrocarbons of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension,
any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical
series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of paraffins.
NOTE: &hand; In th e pr esent ch emical us age th is word is spelt
paraffin, but in commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine.
Native paraffin. See Ozocerite. -- Paraffin series. See Methane
series, under Methane.
Parage
Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.]
1. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also,
equality in the partition of an inheritance. Spelman.
2. (Feudal Law) Equality of condition between persons holding unequal
portions of a fee. Burrill.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1040
3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.
We claim to be of high parage. Chaucer.
Paragenesis
Par`a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.) The science
which treats of minerals with special reference to their origin.
Paragenic
Par`a*gen"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- the root of (Biol.) Originating in
the character of the germ, or at the first commencement of an
individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure, character, etc.
Paraglobulin
Par`a*glob"u*lin (?), n. [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol. Chem.) An
albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins.
See Fibrinoplastin.
Paraglossa
Par`a*glos"sa (?), n.; pl. Paragloss\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium
of certain insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera.
Paragnath
Par"ag*nath (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Paragnathus.
Paragnathous
Pa*rag"na*thous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having both mandibles of equal
length, the tips meeting, as in certain birds.
Paragnathus
Pa*rag"na*thus (?), n.; pl. Paragnathi (#). [NL. See Para-, and
Gnathic.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the two lobes which form the lower
lip, or metastome, of Crustacea. (b) One of the small, horny,
toothlike jaws of certain annelids.
Paragoge
Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Gram.) The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word,
as withouten for without.
2. (Med.) Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison.
Paragogic, Paragogical
Par`a*gog"ic (?), Par`a*gog"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. paragogique.] Of,
pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or
serving to lengthen, a word. Paragogic letters, in the Semitic
languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to
express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.
Paragon
Par"a*gon (?), n. [OF. paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp.
paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr.
1. A companion; a match; an equal. [Obs.] Spenser.
Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister. Sir P. Sidney.
2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.]
Full many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men.
Spenser.
3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a
paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall.
Man, . . . the paragon of animals ! Shak.
The riches of sweet Mary's son, Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon.
Emerson.
4. (Print.) A size of type between great primer and double pica. See
the Note under Type.
Paragon
Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.]
1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with.
[Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser.
In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising. Glover.
3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.]
He hath achieved a maid That paragons description and wild fame.
Shak.
Paragon
Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.]
Few or none could . . . paragon with her. Shelton.
Paragonite
Pa*rag"o*nite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A kind of mica related to
muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic
of the paragonite schist of the Alps.
Paragram
Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. Paragraph.] A pun.
Puns, which he calls paragrams. Addison.
Paragrammatist
Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A punster.
Paragrandine
Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?), n. [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.]
An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See Paragr.
Knight.
Paragraph
Par"a*graph (?), n. [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. Para-,
and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.]
1. Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call
attention to something in the text, e. g., a change of subject; now,
the character
NOTE: &hand; This character is merely a modification of a capital P
(the initial of the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and
the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of
distinctiveness.
2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or
subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular
point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is
sometimes noted by the mark
3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or
paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines
forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial
paragraph.
Paragraph
Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paragraphing.]
1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character ¶.
2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an
article.
3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs
Paragrapher
Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.
Paragraphic, Paragraphical
Par`a*graph"ic (?), Par`a*graph"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or
consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Paragraphist
Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A paragrapher.
Paragraphistical
Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.]
Beau. & Fl.
Para grass
Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode)
introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.
Paragr\'88le
Pa`ra`gr\'88le" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to guard + gr\'88le hail.] A
lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the
electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms. [France]
Knight.
Paraguayan
Par`a*guay"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Paraguay.
Paraguay tea
Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.
Parail
Par"ail (?), n. See Apparel. [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim."
Piers Plowman.
Parakeet
Par"a*keet` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.
Paralactic
Par`a*lac"tic (?), a. [Pref. para- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Designating an acid called paralactic acid. See Lactic acid, under
Lactic.
Paralbumin
Par`al*bu"min (?), n. [Pref. para- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere.
It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not
identical with, glycogen.
Paraldehyde
Par*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Pref. para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A polymeric
modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.
Paraleipsis
Par`a*leip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A pretended or apparent
omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by
what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should say, "I
do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his
brutal conduct, his treachery and malice." [Written also paralepsis,
paralepsy, paralipsis.]
Paralepsis
Par`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.
Paralian
Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. A dweller by the sea. [R.]
Paralipomenon
Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things
omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. A title given in
the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.
NOTE: &hand; In th e Se ptuagint th ese bo oks ar e ca lled
Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and dey`teron, which is understood, after
Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the
Books of Kings W. Smith.
Paralipsis
Par`a*lip"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.
Parallactic, Parallactical
Par`al*lac"tic (?), Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. parallactique.]
Of or pertaining to a parallax.
Parallax
Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.]
1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object,
as seen from two different stations, or points of view.
2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in position of a body (as the
sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as
seen from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the
sun.
Annual parallax, the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or
the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from
the earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star. --
Binocular parallax, the apparent difference in position of an object
as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head
remaining unmoved. -- Diurnal, OR Geocentric, parallax, the parallax
of a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of
parallax that is generally understood when the term is used without
qualification. -- Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with
reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines
drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a
planet. -- Horizontal parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly
body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the
earth's radius. -- Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in
position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly.
Brande & C. -- Parallax of the cross wires (of an optical instrument),
their apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused
by their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass. --
Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed star.
Parallel
Par"al*lel (?), a. [F. parall\'8ale, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. alius. See
Allien.]
1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally
distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.
Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. Hakluyt.
NOTE: &hand; Cu rved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel
when they are in all parts equally distant.
2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being
in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and
with.
When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it
can not be too much cherished. Addison.
3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in
all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel
passage. Addison.
Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is
parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about
five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, --
used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those
circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. --
Parallel columns, OR Parallels (Printing), two or more passages of
reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing
the similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel forces
(Mech.), forces which act in directions parallel to each other. --
Parallel motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars,
by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be
guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine.
(b) (Mus.) The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed
intervals, as thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a
metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels;
-- called also couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod.
See Illust. of Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel ruler, an instrument
for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive
positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one
consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are
always parallel. -- Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of
latitude. -- Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the
sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the
horizon, as to an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise, a vise
having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.
Parallel
Par"al*lel (?), n.
1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from
another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.
Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without
rule or line ? Pope.
2. Direction conformable to that of another line,
Lines that from their parallel decline. Garth.
3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential
points; resemblance; similarity.
Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run.
Swift.
4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's
parallel between Dryden and Pope.
5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential
particulars; a counterpart.
None but thyself can be thy parallel. Pope.
6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth,
parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding
line on a globe or map.
7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a
besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops
supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the
line of outer defenses of the fortress.
8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines
(thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked
note in the margin or at the foot of a page.
Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude
(Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the
horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of
the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel
of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the
small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.
Parallel
Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paralleling (?).]
1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel
to, or to conform in direction with, something else.
The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true
meridian. Sir T. Browne.
2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive,
aim, or the like.
His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great
justice. Shak.
3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak.
4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke.
My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. Shak.
Parallel
Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Parallelable
Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Parallelism
Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82lisme.]
1. The quality or state of being parallel.
2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.
A close parallelism of thought and incident. T. Warton.
3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by
side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight
modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: --
At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down
dead. Judg. v. 27.
Parallelistic
Par`al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of the nature of a parallelism; involving
parallelism.
The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely
lost. Milman.
Parallelize
Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To render parallel. [R.]
Parallelless
Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless. [R.]
Parallelly
Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr.
H. More.
Parallelogram
Par`al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82logramme. See Parallel, and
-gram.] (Geom.) A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite
sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in
popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer
than it is broad, and with right angles. Parallelogram of velocities,
forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the
diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces,
accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the
velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in
quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.
Parallelogrammatic
Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram;
parallelogrammic.
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Parallelogrammic, Parallelogrammical
Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?), Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), a. Having the
properties of a parallelogram. [R.]
Parallelopiped
Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82lopip\'8ade.] (Geom.) A
solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs
being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a
parallelogram.
Parallelopipedon
Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n. [NL.] A parallelopiped. Hutton.
Paralogical
Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a. Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical
doubt." Sir T. Browne.
Paralogism
Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. paralogisme.] (Logic) A reasoning which is
false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or
formul\'91; a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the
conclusion does not follow from the premises.
Paralogize
Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paralogizing (?).] [Gr. To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not
warranted by the premises. [R.]
Paralogy
Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. False reasoning; paralogism.
Paralyse
Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as Paralyze.
Paralysis
Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Para-, and Loose, and cf. Palsy.]
(Med.) Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the
loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of
sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and
Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of memory." G.
Eliot.
Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of
ownership. Duke of Argyll (1887).
Paralytic
Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L. paralyticus, Gr. paralytique.]
1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.
2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.
The cold, shaking, paralytic hand. Prior.
3. Inclined or tending to paralysis.
Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery,
secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the
pralytic saliva.
Paralytic
Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with paralysis.
Paralytical
Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See Paralytic.
Paralyzation
Par`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of paralyzing, or the
state of being paralyzed.
Paralyze
Par"a*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paralyzing (?).] [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.]
1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.
2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render
ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency
paralyzed his efforts.
Param
Par"am (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance
(C2H4N4); -- called also dicyandiamide.
Paramagnetic
Par`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + magnetic.] Magnetic, as
opposed to diamagnetic. -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. --
Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
Paramagnetism
Par`a*mag"net*ism (?), n. Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism.
Faraday.
Paramaleic
Par`a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called
fumaric acid. [Obs.]
Paramalic
Par`a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.
Paramastoid
Par`a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref. para- + mastoid.] (Anat.) Situated
beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone;
paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some
animals.
Paramatta
Par`a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light
fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck
(Draper's Dict.)
Parament
Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.]
Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich
and elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural.
[Obs.]
Lords in paraments on their coursers. Chaucer.
Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch.
Paramento
Pa`ra*men"to (?), n. [Sp.] Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl.
Paramere
Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a
radiate animal, as a starfish.
Parameter
Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. param\'8atre.]
1. (a) (Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose
value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve,
surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function,
curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande &
C. (b) Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a
third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the
parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.
NOTE: &hand; The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section
is called the latus rectum.
2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which
determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial
ratio for a given species.
Parametritis
Par`a*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.
Paramiographer
Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. -graph + -er.] A collector or writer
of proverbs. [R.]
Paramitome
Par`a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref. para- + mitome.] (Biol.) The fluid
portion of the protoplasm of a cell.
Paramo
Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl. Paramos (#). [Sp. p\'91ramo.] A high, bleak
plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as
in the Andes, in South America.
Paramorph
Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. (Min.) A kind of pseudomorph,
in which there has been a change of physical characters without
alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite to
calcite.
Paramorphism
Par`a*mor"phism (?), n. (Min.) The change of one mineral species to
another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without
alteration of chemical composition.
Paramorphous
Par`a*mor"phous (?), a. (Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting
paramorphism.
Paramount
Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) +
amont above. See Amount.] Having the highest rank or jurisdiction;
superior to all others; chief; supreme; pre\'89minent; as, a paramount
duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon. Lady paramount (Archery), the lady
making the best score. -- Lord paramount, the king. Syn. Superior;
principal; pre\'89minent; chief.
Paramount
Par"a*mount, n. The highest or chief. Milton.
Paramountly
Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount manner.
Paramour
Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par,
and Amour.]
1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good
sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without
possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a
woman.
The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his
paramour Macaulay.
2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer.
Paramour, Paramours
Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours` (?), adv. By or with love, esp. the love of
the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.]
For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. Chaucer.
Paramylum
Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.) A substance resembling
starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on the surface of
stagnant water.
Paranaphthalene
Par`a*naph"tha*lene (?), n. [Pref. para- + naphthalene.] (Chem.)
Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.]
Paranoia
Par`a*noi"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Mental derangement; insanity.
Paranthracene
Par*an"thra*cene (?), n. [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.) An inert
isomeric modification of anthracene.
Paranucleus
Par`a*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. para- + nucleus.] (Biol.) Some as
Nucleolus.
Para nut
Pa*ra" nut` (?). (Bot.) The Brazil nut.
Paranymph
Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L. paranymphus, Gr. paranymphe.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in
his chariot to fetch home the bride. Milton. (b) The bridesmaid who
conducted the bride to the bridegroom.
2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor.
Paranymphal
Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal; nuptial. [R.]
At some paranymphal feast. Ford.
Parapectin
Par`a*pec"tin (?), n. [Pref. para- + pectin.] (Chem.) A gelatinous
modification of pectin.
Parapegm
Par"a*pegm (?), n. [L. parapegma, Gr. parapegme.] An engraved tablet,
usually of brass, set up in a public place.
NOTE: &hand; Pa rapegms we re us ed fo r th e pu blication of laws,
proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or
calendar events.
Parapeptone
Par`a*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. para- + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An
albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of
proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but
not by gastric juice.
Parapet
Par"a*pet (?), n. [F., fr. It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off,
guard (L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus.
See Parry, and Pectoral.]
1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a
platform, roof, bridge, or the like.
2. (Fort.) A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering
soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.
Parapetalous
Par`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. para- + petal.] (Bot.) Growing by the
side of a petal, as a stamen.
Parapeted
Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet.
Paraph
Par"aph (?), n. [F. paraphe, parafe, contr. fr. paragraphe.] A
flourish made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle
Ages, this formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery. Brande &
C.
Paraph
Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.]
[Cf. F. parapher, parafer.] To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the
initials.
Parapherna
Par`a*pher"na (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Law) The property of a woman
which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but remained
her own.
Paraphernal
Par`a*pher"nal (?), a. [Cf. F. paraphernal.] Of or pertaining to
paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property. Kent.
Paraphernalia
Par`a*pher*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L.
parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.]
1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being
chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.
2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.
Paraphimosis
Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition in which the
prepuce, after being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted
there, and can not be brought forward into place again.
Paraphosphoric
Par`a*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)
Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]
Paraphagma
Par`a*phag"ma (?), n.; pl. Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea. --
Par`a*phrag"mal (#), a.
Paraphrase
Par"a*phrase (?), n. [L. paraphrasis, Gr. paraphrase. See Para-, and
Phrase.] A restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the
meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of its
clearer and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a
text in other and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; --
opposed to metaphrase.
In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are
not so strictly followed as his sense. Dryden.
Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David. I. Disraeli.
His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice. Sowth.
The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases.
Shipley.
Paraphrase
Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paraphrasing (?).] To express, interpret, or translate with latitude;
to give the meaning of a passage in other language.
We are put to construe and paraphrase our own words. Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Paraphrase
Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a paraphrase.
Paraphraser
Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who paraphrases.
Paraphrasian
Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A paraphraser. [R.]
Paraphrast
Par"a*phrast (?), n. [L. paraphrastes, Gr. paraphraste.] A
paraphraser. T. Warton.
Paraphrastic, Paraphrastical
Par`a*phras"tic (?), Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), a. [Gr.paraphrastique.]
Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or translating
in words more clear and ample than those of the author; not literal;
free. -- Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.
Paraphysis
Pa*raph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Paraphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of
mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless plants.
Paraplegia, Paraplegy
Par`a*ple"gi*a (?), Par"a*ple`gy (?), n. [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr.
parapl\'82gie.] (Med.) Palsy of the lower half of the body on both
sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord. -- Par`a*pleg"ic
(#), a.
Parapleura
Par`a*pleu"ra (?), n.; pl. Parapleur\'91 (#). [NL. See Para-, and 2d
Pleura.] (Zo\'94l.) A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the
pleuron of certain insects.
Parapodium
Par`a*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; -- called also foot
tubercle.
NOTE: &hand; Th ey ma y se rve fo r lo comotion, re spiration, an d
sensation, and often contain spines or set\'91. When well
developed, a dorsal part, or notopodium, and a ventral part, or
neuropodium, are distinguished.
Parapophysis
Par`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Parapophyses (#). [NL. See Para-, and
Apophysis.] (Anat.) The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a
vertebra. See Vertebra. -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#), a.
Parapterum
Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl. Paraptera (#). [NL. See Para-, and Pteron.]
(Zo\'94l.) A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and
metathorax of certain insects.
Paraquet, Paraquito
Par`a*quet" (?), Par`a*qui"to (?), n. [See Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Parrakeet.
Parasang
Par"a*sang (?), n. [L. parasanga, Gr. farsang.] A Persian measure of
length, which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia,
or somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in
different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at from
three and a half to four English miles.
Parascenium
Par`a*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek &
Rom. Antiq.) One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used
as robing rooms.
Parasceve
Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L., from Gr.
1. Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42
(Douay ver.)
2. A preparation. [R.] Donne.
Paraschematic
Par`a*sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a change from the
right form, as in the formation of a word from another by a change of
termination, gender, etc. Max M\'81ller.
Paraselene
Par`a*se*le"ne (?), n.; pl. Paraselen\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr.
paras\'82l\'8ane.] (Meteor.) A mock moon; an image of the moon which
sometimes appears at the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf.
Parhelion.
Parasita
Par`a*si"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) An artificial group
formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b) A
division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the
lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also
Siphonostomata.
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Page 1042
Parasital
Par"a*si`tal (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites;
parasitic.
Parasite
Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr.
1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's
expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a
sycophant.
Thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st.
Milton.
Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free
guests at rich men's tables. Udall.
2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other
plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; --
sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte. (b) A plant living on or
within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of
fungi of the genus Torrubia.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of
its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its
food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which
steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal
which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the
European cuckoo.
Parasitic, Parasitical
Par`a*sit"ic (?), Par`a*sit"ic*al (?), a. [L. parasiticus, Gr.
parasitique.]
1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors;
sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or
deriving nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See
Parasite, 2 & 3.
Parasitic gull, Parasitic jager. (Zo\'94l.) See Jager. --
Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.
Parasiticide
Par`a*sit"i*cide (?), n. [Parasite + L. caedere to kill.] Anything
used to destroy parasites. Quain.
Parasitism
Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F. parasitisme.]
1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court
parasitism." Milton.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)The state of being parasitic.
Parasol
Par"a*sol` (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It.
parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole
sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry, Solar.] A kind of small
umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.
Parasol
Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a parasol. [R.]
Parasolette
Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small parasol.
Parasphenoid
Par`a*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Near the
sphenoid bone; -- applied especially to a bone situated immediately
beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. -- n.
The parasphenoid bone.
Parastichy
Pa*ras"ti*chy (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. (Bot.) A secondary spiral in
phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone.
Parasynaxis
Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting.
Parasynthetic
Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. Para-, and Synthetic.] Formed from a
compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr. Murray.
Paratactic
Par`a*tac"tic (?), a. (Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by,
parataxis.
Parataxis
Par`a*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.) The mere ranging of
propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or
interdependence; -- opposed to syntax. Brande & C.
Parathesis
Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr.
1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more nouns in the same case;
apposition.
2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward
expanded. Smart.
3. (Print.) The matter contained within brackets.
4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer. Shipley.
Parathetic
Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parathesis.
Paratonnerre
Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre
thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.
Paraunter
Par*aun"ter (?), adv. [Par + aunter.] Peradventure. See Paraventure.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Parauque
Pa*rauque" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging
from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and
goatsucker.
Paravail
Par`a*vail" (?), a. [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) + aval
down; a- (L. ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.] (Eng.
Law) At the bottom; lowest. Cowell.
NOTE: &hand; In fe udal la w, th e te nant pa ravail is the lowest
tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds
over of another.
Wharton.
Paravant, Paravant
Par"a*vant` (?), Par"a*vant` (?), adv. [OF. par avant. See Par, and
lst Avaunt.]
1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser.
Paraventure
Par`a*ven"ture (?), adv. [Par + aventure.] Peradventure; perchance.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Paraxanthin
Par`a*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small
quantity in urine.
Paraxial
Par*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.) On either side of
the axis of the skeleton.
Paraxylene
Par`a*xy"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series
obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with
zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer,
and Xylene.
Parboil
Par"boil` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parboiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through
(see Par) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire. The sense has been
influenced by E. part. See lst Boil.]
1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.<-- the only def. in
MW10. Also, used figuratively for "do (something) partly,
incompletely" -->
Parbreak
Par"break` (?), v. i. & t. [Par + break.] To throw out; to vomit.
[Obs.] Skelton.
Parbreak
Par"break`, n. Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser.
Parbuckle
Par"buc`kle (?), n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a
cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast
aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the
loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A
double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.
Parbuckle
Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parbuckling (?).] To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten.
Parc\'91
Par"c\'91 (?), n. pl. [L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4.
Parcase
Par*case" (?), adv. [Par + case.] Perchance; by chance. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Parcel
Par"cel (?), n. [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL.
particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.]
1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a
part. [Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer.
Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot.
The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of
self-government. J. A. Symonds.
2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is
part and parcel of another piece.
3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a
collection; a group.
This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing.
Shak.
4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a
package; a packet.
'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper.
Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where
parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel
post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection
and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part.
Parcel
Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Parceling or Parcelling.]
1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or
into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak.
These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden.
The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson.
2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.]
That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by
Addition of his envy. Shak.
3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the
machine parcels yarn, wool, etc.
To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly
arround it. Totten. -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a
strip of tarred canvas.
Parcel
Par"cel, a. & adv. Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes
hyphened with the word following.]
The worthy dame was parcel-blind. Sir W. Scott.
One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson.
Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Parceling
Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also parcelling.]
1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.
2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound
about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in
mousing on the stayes, etc.
Parcel-mele
Par"cel-mele` (?), adv. [See Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels or
parts. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Parcenary
Par"ce*na*ry (?), n. [See Parcener, partner.] (Law) The holding or
occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor
to two or more persons; coheirship.
NOTE: &hand; It differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which
is created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no
essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common.
Wharton. Kent.
Parcener
Par"ce*ner (?), n. [Of. paronnier, parsonnier, fr. parzon, par,
parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition, and
cf. Partner.] (Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an
estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one
estate.
Parch
Parch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parching.]
[OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF.
perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.]
1. To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry
grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.
Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. Lev. xxiii. 14.
2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched
from fever.
The ground below is parched. Dryden.
Parch
Parch, v. i. To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very
dry. "Parch in Afric sun." Shak.
Parchedness
Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being parched.
Parchesi
Par*che"si (?), n. See Pachisi.
Parching
Parch"ing (?), a. Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching
heat." Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly, adv.
Parchment
Parch"ment (?), n. [OE. parchemin, perchemin, F. parchemin, LL.
pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging
to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment
was first used.]
1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal,
prepared for writing on. See Vellum.
But here's a parchment with the seal of C\'91sar. Shak.
2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp.
Parchment paper. See Papyrine.
Parcity
Par"ci*ty (?), n. [L. parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.] Sparingless.
[Obs.]
Parclose
Par"close (?), n. [OF. See Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen
separating a chapel from the body of the church. [Written also
paraclose and perclose.] Hook.
Pard
Pard (?), n. [L. pardus, Gr. p tiger, panther.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard;
a panther.
And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain. Shak.
Pardale
Par"dale (?), n. [L. pardalis, Gr. Pard.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Parde, Pardie
Par*de" (?), Par*die" (?), adv. OR interj. [F. pardi, for par Dieu by
God.] Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath.
[Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.]
He was, parde, an old fellow of yours. Chaucer.
Pardine
Par"dine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Spotted like a pard. Pardine lynx
(Zo\'94l.), a species of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern
Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.
Pardo
Par"do (?), n. [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. prat\'bepa splendor, majesty.] A
money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling.
or 60 cts.
Pardon
Par"don (?), n. [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.]
1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an
offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.
Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. Shak.
But infinite in pardon was my judge. Milton.
Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your
pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I
beg pardon.
2. An official warrant of remission of penalty.
Sign me a present pardon for my brother. Shak.
3. The state of being forgiven. South.
4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction,
from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty,
which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of
past offenses. Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness.
Pardon
Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.]
[Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per
through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par-,
and Donation.]
1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of
crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.
In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. 2 Kings v. 18.
I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. Shak.
2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to
forgive; -- applied to offenses.
I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 S
Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle Shak.
3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. Shak.
4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.]
Even now about it! I will pardon you. Shak.
Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express
courteous denial or contradiction. Syn. -- To forgive; absolve;
excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See Excuse.
Pardonable
Par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not
requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to
the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit.
Pardonableness
Par"don*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being pardonable; as,
the pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall.
Pardonably
Par"don*a*bly, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably.
Dryden.
Pardoner
Par"don*er (?), n.
1. One who pardons. Shak.
2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pardoning
Par"don*ing, a. Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to
pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a
pardoning God.
Pare
Pare (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F.
parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to
clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to
prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.]
1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities
of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof.
2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or
outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare
off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.
3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.
The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. Bacon.
Paregoric
Par`e*gor"ic (?) a. [L. paregoricus, Gr. par\'82gorique. See
Allegory.] Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, paregoric
elixir.
Paregoric
Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne;
specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric
elexir.
Parelcon
Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr. (Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle
to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.
Parelectronomic
Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or relating to
parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle.
Parelectronomy
Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n. [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) A
condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which
the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.
Parella, Parelle
Pa*rel"la (?), Pa`relle (?), n. [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A name
for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum). (b) A
kind of lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in the
preparation of litmus.
Parembole
Pa*rem"bo*le (, n. [NL., from Gr. Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind
of parenthesis.
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Parement
Pare"ment (?), n. See Parament. [Obs.]
Paremptosis
Par`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Same as Parembole.
Parenchyma
Pa*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. parenchyme.] (Biol.) The soft
celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp
of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.
Parenchymal
Pa*ren"chy*mal (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of,
parenchyma.
Parenchymatous, Parenchymous
Par`en*chym"a*tous (?), Pa*ren"chy*mous (?), a. [Cf. F.
parenchymateux.] Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma
of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration.
Parenesis
Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L. paraenesis, Gr. Exhortation. [R.]
Parenetic, Parenetioal
Par`e*net"ic (?), Par`e*net"io*al (?), a. [Gr. par\'82n\'82tique.]
Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter.
Parent
Par"ent (?), n. [L. parens, -entis; akin to parere to bring forth; cf.
Gr. parent. Cf. Part.]
1. One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.
Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1.
2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness
is the parent of vice.
Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Channing.
Parent cell. (Biol.) See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula. --
Parent nucleus (Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division, divides,
and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis, and
Cell division, under Division.
Parentage
Par"ent*age (?), n. [Cf. F. parentage relationship.] Descent from
parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to
their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble
parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage?" Shak.
Though men esteem thee low of parentage. Milton.
Parental
Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L. parentalis.]
1. Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority;
parental obligations.
2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate;
devoted; as, parental care.
The careful course and parental provision of nature. Sir T. Browne.
Parentally
Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental manner.
Parentation
Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn
sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.] Something done or
said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.] Abp. Potter.
Parentele
Par"en`tele` (?), n. [F. parent\'8ale, L. parentela.] Kinship;
parentage. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Parenthesis
Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Para-, En-,
2, and Thesis.]
1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation,
inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically
complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see
def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory
parenthesis." Sir T. Browne.
Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long
parenthesis. Watts.
2. (Print.) One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic
word or phrase.
NOTE: &hand; Pa renthesis, in technical grammar, is that part of a
sentence which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many
phrases and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically
parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or
explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be
grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid
using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from
a less conspicuous separation.
Parenthesize
Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To make a parenthesis of; to include within
parenthetical marks. Lowell.
Parenthetic, Patenthetical
Par`en*thet"ic (?), Pat`en*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. Gr.
1. Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or
as in, a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic
remark.
A parenthetical observation of Moses himself. Hales.
2. Using or containing parentheses.
Parenthetically
Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a parenthetical manner; by way of
parenthesis; by parentheses.
Parenthood
Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state of a parent; the office or character of
a parent.
Parentticide
Pa*rent"ti*cide (?), n. [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent +
caedere to kill.]
1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.]
2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.]
Parentless
Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived of parents.
Parepididymis
Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.) A
small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis
in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the
anterior part of the Wolffian body.
Parer
Par"er (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] One who, or that which, pares; an
instrument for paring.
Parergon
Pa*rer"gon (?), n. [L.] See Parergy.
Parergy
Par"er*gy (?), n. [L. parergon, Gr. Something unimportant, incidental,
or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Paresis
Par"e*sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) Incomplete paralysis,
affecting motion but not sensation.
Parethmoid
Par*eth"moid (?), a. [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) Near or beside
the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of
bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in
some higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone.
Paretic
Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.
Parfay
Par*fay" (?), interj. [Par + fay.] By my faith; verily. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Parfit
Par"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Parfitly
Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Parforn, Parfourn
Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn" (?), v. t. To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers
Plowman.
Pargasite
Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.) A dark
green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.
Pargeboard
Parge"board` (?), n. See Bargeboard.
Parget
Par"get (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.]
[OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.]
1. To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of
flues; as, to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert.
The pargeted ceiling with pendants. R. L. Stevenson.
2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.]
Parget
Par"get, v. i.
1. To lay on plaster.
2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Parget
Par"get, n.
1. Gypsum or plaster stone.
2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork.
Knight.
3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton.
Pargeter
Par"get*er (?), n. A plasterer. Johnson.
Pargeting
Par"get*ing, n. [Written also pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A
kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly
used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern
architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give
a smooth surface and help the draught.
Pargetory
Par"get*o*ry (?), n. Something made of, or covered with, parget, or
plaster. [Obs.] Milton.
Parhelic
Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parhelia.
Parhelion
Par*hel"ion (?), n.; pl. Parhelia (#). [L. parelion, Gr. A mock sun
appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and
tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the
sun. The latter is usually called an anthelion. Often several mock
suns appear at the same time. Cf. Paraselene.
Parhelium
Par*he"li*um (?), n. See Parhelion.
Pari-
Par"i- (?). [L. par, paris, equal.] A combining form signifying equal;
as, paridigitate, paripinnate.
Pariah
Pa"ri*ah (?), n. [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low
caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain
festivals.]
1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four
castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs
of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India).
2. An outcast; one despised by society.
Pariah dog (Zo\'94l.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as
scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zo\'94l.), a species of
kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India.
Parial
Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair royal, under Pair, n.
Parian
Pa"ri*an (?), a. [L. Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in
the \'92gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian
marble. Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of the city of
Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the
Arundelian marbles.
Parian
Pa"ri*an, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Paros.
2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are
made statuettes, ornaments, etc.
Paridigitata
Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Artiodactyla.
Parjdigitate
Par`j*dig"i*tate (?), a. (Anat.) Having an evennumber of digits on the
hands or the feet. Qwen.
Paries
Pa"ri*es (?), n.; pl. Parietes (#). [See Parietes.] (Zo\'94l.) The
triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.
Parietal
Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf. F.
pari\'82tal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.]
1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the
care of them.
2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.
At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls
constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal
Committee. B. H. Hall (1856).
3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to,
or in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and
middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.
4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis;
-- said of a placenta.
Parietal
Pa*ri"e*tal, n.
1. (Anat.) One of the parietal bones.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back
of the head in certain reptiles and fishes.
Parietary
Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See Parietal, 2.
Parietary
Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. [L. parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf.
Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.) Any one of several species of Parietaria.
See 1st Pellitory.
Parietes
Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L. paries a wall.]
1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal
parietes; the parietes of the cranium.
2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.
Parietic
Pa`ri*et"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic
acid.
Parietine
Pa*ri"e*tine (?), n. [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined
walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton.
Parieto-
Pa*ri"e*to- (. (Anat.) A combining form used to indicate connection
with, or relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of
the skull; as, the parieto-mastoid suture.
Parigenin
Pa*rig"e*nin (?), n. [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A curdy white
substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.
Parillin
Pa*ril"lin (?), n. [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A glucoside
resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc.,
and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also
smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin.
Paring
Par"ing (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.]
1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.
2. That which is pared off. Pope.
Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your
hills. Mortimer.
Paripinnate
Par`i*pin"nate (?), a. [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with an equal
number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.
Paris
Par"is (?), n. [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.) A plant common
in Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used
as a narcotic.
NOTE: &hand; It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has
usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.
Paris
Par"is, n. The chief city of France. Paris green. See under Green, n.
-- Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting;
Spanish white.
Parish
Par"ish (?), n. [OE. parishe, paresche, parosche, OF. paroisse,
parosse, paroiche, F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia,
Gr. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.]
1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That circuit of ground committed to the
charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls
therein. Cowell. (b) The same district, constituting a civil
jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the
poor, taxes, etc.
NOTE: &hand; Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under
various parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts
for spiritual purposes.
Mozley & W.
2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial
limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the
charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely,
the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.]
3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other
States.
Parish
Par"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish
church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as,
parish poor. Dryden. Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer
of a parish. (b) A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise
assists in the service of the Church of England. -- Parish court, in
Louisiana, a court in each parish.
Parishen
Par"ish*en (?), n. A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Parishional
Pa*rish"ion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Parishioner
Pa*rish"ion*er (?), n. [F. paroissien, LL. parochianus.] One who
belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.
Parisian
Pa*ri"sian (?), n. [Cf. F. parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris,
the capital of France.
Parisian
Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to Paris.
Parisienne
Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n. [F.] A female native or resident of Paris.
Parisology
Par`i*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The use of equivocal or ambiguous
words. [R.]
Parisyllabic, Parisyllabical
Par`i*syl*lab"ic (?), Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Pari- + syllabic,
-ical: cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same number of syllables in
all its inflections.
Paritor
Par"i*tor (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant,
attendant.] An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden.
Paritory
Par"i*to*ry (?), n. Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Parity
Par"i*ty (?), n. [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. parit\'82.
See Pair, Peer an equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or
equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence;
analogy; as, parity of reasoning. "No parity of principle." De
Quincey.
Equality of length and parity of numeration. Sir T. Browne.
Park
Park (?), n. [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being of
the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W. park,
parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.]
1. (Eng. Law) A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of
the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant.
Mozley & W.
2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a
residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or
the like. Chaucer.
While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and
forget to fear. Waller.
3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for
ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New
York.
4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and
materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital
stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects
themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery.
5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written
also parc.]
Park of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low
carriage, for use in parks.
Park
Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.]
1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park.
How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. Shak.
2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park
the artillery, the wagons, etc.
Parker
Park"er (?), n, The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale.
Parkeria
Par*ke"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So named from W. K. Parker, a British
zo\'94logist.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large arenaceous fossil
Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular,
or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1044
Parkesine
Parkes"ine (?), n. [So called from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.] A
compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later
from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized
India rubber and for ivory; -- called also xylotile.
Parkleaves
Park"leaves` (?), n. (Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort;
the tutsan. See Tutsan.
Parlance
Par"lance (?), n. [OF., fr. F. parler to speak. See Parley.]
Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal parlance;
in common parlance.
A hate of gossip parlance and of sway. Tennyson.
Parlando, Parlante
Par*lan"do (?), Par*lan"te (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Speaking; in a
speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style of a
recitative.
Parle
Parle (?), v. i. [F. parler. See Parley.] To talk; to converse; to
parley. [Obs.] Shak.
Finding himself too weak, began to parle. Milton.
Parle
Parle, n. Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.]
They ended parle, and both addressed for fight. Milton.
Parley
Par"ley (?), n.; pl. Parleys (#). [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler
to speak, LL. parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in
LL., a word. See Parable, and cf. Parliament, Parlor.] Mutual
discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with
an enemy, as with regard to a truce.
We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain. Dryden.
To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a
signal for holding a conference with the enemy.
Parley
Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.]
To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to
discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy;
to treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an
armistice, or terms of peace.
They are at hand, To parley or to fight; therefore prepare. Shak.
Parliament
Par"lia*ment (?), n. [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to
speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.]
1. A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [Obs.]
But first they held their parliament. Rom. of R.
2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an
assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to
make laws.
They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a
parliament of Gauls. Golding.
3. The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and
the representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and
the House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by
the royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to
enact and repeal laws.
NOTE: &hand; Th ought th e so vereign is a constituting branch of
Parliament, the word is generally used to denote the three estates
named above.
4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several
principal judicial courts.
Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship when made to careen by
shifting her cargo or ballast. -- Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge
with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door
or shutter to swing back flat against the wall. -- Long Parliament,
Rump Parliament. See under Long, and Rump.
Parliamental
Par`lia*men"tal (?), a. Parliamentary. [Obs.]
Parliamentarian
Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood.
Parliamentarian
Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n.
1. (Eng. Hist.) One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to
King Charles I. Walpole.
2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar
deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian.
Parliamentarily
Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a parliamentary manner.
Parliamentary
Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. parlementaire.]
1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority. Bacon.
2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M.
Hale.
3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative
bodies; as, a parliamentary motion.
Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a solicitor, professionally
employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills,
etc., under consideration of Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary
train, one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway
companies are required to run for the conveyance of third-class
passengers at a reduced rate. [Eng.]
Parlor
Par"lor (?), n. [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium. See
Parley.] [Written also parlour.] A room for business or social
conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The
apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to
meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from
without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room
for the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses
than the drawing-room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a
house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining
parlor is usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United
States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are received and
entertained.
NOTE: &hand; "I n En gland people who have a drawing-room no longer
call it a parlor, as they called it of old and till recently."
Fitzed. Hall. Parior car. See Palace car, under Car.
Parlous
Par"lous (?), a. [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.]
1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A
parlous snuffing." Beau. & Fl.
2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy." Shak.
"A parlous wit." Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness,
n. [Obs.]
Parmesan
Par`me*san" (?), a. [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or pertaining to
Parma in Italy. Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor,
though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.
Parnassia
Par*nas"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs growing in wet
places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus.
Parnassian
Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L. Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to Parnassus.
Parnassian
Par*nas"sian, n. [See Parnassus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius. They inhabit
the mountains, both in the Old World and in America.
Parnassus
Par*nas"sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A mountain
in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of
Apollo and for the Castalian spring. Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See
under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To climb Parnassus, to write poetry.
[Colloq.]
Paroccipital
Par`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref. para- + occipital.] (Anat.) Situated
near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone;
paramastoid; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some
animals.
Parochial
Pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See Parish.]
Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial
duties. "Parochial pastors." Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow.
"The parochial mind." W. Black.
Parochialism
Pa*ro"chi*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being parochial in
form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.
Parochiality
Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J.
Marriot.
Parochialize
Pa*ro"chi*al*ize (?), v. t. To render parochial; to form into
parishes.
Parochially
Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by
parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet.
Parochian
Pa*ro"chi*an (?), a. [See Parochial, Parishioner.] Parochial. [Obs.]
"Parochian churches." Bacon.
Parochian
Pa*ro"chi*an, n. [LL. parochianus.] A parishioner. [Obs.] Ld.
Burleigh.
Parodic, Parodical
Pa*rod"ic (?), Pa*rod"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. parodique.] Having the
character of parody.
Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical. T. Warton.
Parodist
Par"o*dist (?), n. [Cf. F. parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one
who parodies. Coleridge.
Parody
Par"o*dy (?), n.; pl. Parodies (#). [L. parodia, Gr. parodie. See
Para-, and Ode.]
1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is
mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is
written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of
burlesque; travesty.
The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and
Panther" was received with great applause. Macaulay.
2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.]
Parody
Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parodying.] [Cf. F. parodier.] To write a parody upon; to burlesque.
I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace. Pope.
Paroket
Par"o*ket` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet.
Parol
Pa*rol" (?), n. [See Parole, the same word.]
1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]
2. (Law) Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under
seal. Blackstone.
Parol
Pa*rol", a. Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a
writing not under seal; as, parol evidence. Parol arrest (Law), an
arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate. -- Parol
contract (Law), any contract not of record or under seal, whether oral
or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story.
Parole
Pa*role" (?), n. [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.]
1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]
2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.),
promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as
not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the
like.
This man had forfeited his military parole. Macaulay.
3. (Mil.) A watchword given only to officers of guards; --
distinguished from countersign, which is given to all guards.
4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2.
Parole
Pa*role", a. See 2d Parol.
Parole
Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.]
(Mil.) To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners.
Paromology
Par`o*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fr. Homologous.] (Rhet.) A concession to
an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument.
Paronomasia
Par`o*no*ma"si*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A play upon words; a
figure by which the same word is used in different senses, or words
similar in sound are set in opposition to each other, so as to give
antithetical force to the sentence; punning. Dryden.
Paronomastic, Paronomastical
Par`o*no*mas"tic (?), Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words.
Paronomasy
Par`o*nom"a*sy (?), n. [Cf. F. paronomasie.] Paronomasia. [R.] B.
Jonson.
Paronychia
Par`o*nych"i*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A whitlow, or felon.
Quincy.
Paronym
Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.]
Paronymous
Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr.
1. Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of
certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc.
2. Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different
meaning; -- said of certain words, as al and awl; hair and hare, etc.
Paronymy
Pa*ron"y*my, n. The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of
paronymous words.
Paro\'94phoron
Par`o*\'94ph"o*ron (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Para-) + (Anat.) A small
mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with
the parepididymis of the male.
Paroquet
Par"o*quet` (?), n. [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob. orig.
meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.
[Written also paroket, parroquet, and perroquet.] Paroquet auk OR
auklet (Zo\'94l.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus) inhabiting
the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under
parts white, bill orange red. Called also perroquet auk.
Parorchis
Pa*ror"chis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Orchis.] (Anat.) The part of
the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of the
testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body.
Parosteal
Pa*ros"te*al (?), (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to parostosis; as,
parosteal ossification.
Parostosis
Par`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.)
Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the formation
of bone outside of the periosteum.
Parostotic
Par`os*tot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to parostosis.
Parotic
Pa*rot"ic (?), a. [See Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of the auditory
capsule; near the external ear. Parotic region (Zo\'94l.), the space
around the ears.
Parotid
Pa*rot"id (?), a. [L. parotis, -idis, Gr. parotide. ] (Anat.) (a)
Situated near the ear; -- applied especially to the salivary gland
near the ear. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid
gland. Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just
in front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands
in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the
second molar of the upper jaw.
Parotid
Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The parotid gland.
Parotitis
Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation
of the parotid glands. Epidemic, OR Infectious, parotitis, mumps.
Parotoid
Par"o*toid (?), a. [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the parotid
gland; -- applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above
the ear in many toads and frogs. -- n. A parotoid gland.
Parousia
Pa*rou"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Parusia.] (a) The nativity of our
Lord. (b) The last day. Shipley.
Parovarium
Par`o*va"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.) A group
of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary
or oviduct; the epo\'94phoron.
Paroxysm
Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F. paroxysme, Gr.
1. (Med.) The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs
at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot.
2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a
convulsion; a fit.
The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair. South.
Paroxysmal
Par`ox*ys"mal (?), a. Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or
accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper. --
Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv.
Paroxytone
Par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.) A
word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.
Parquet
Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See Parquetry.]
1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the
orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater,
from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.
2. Same as Parquetry.
Parquetage
Par"quet*age (?), n. See Parquetry.
Parqueted
Par"quet*ed, a. Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and
differently colored figures.
One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well. Evelyn.
Parquetry
Par"quet*ry (?), n. [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring, fr.
parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.] A species of joinery or
cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns,
generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors.
Parquette
Par*quette" (?), n. See Parquet.
Parr
Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young
salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also
samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1045
Parrakeet, Parakeet
Par"ra*keet` (?), Par"a*keet`, n. [See Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one
of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is
frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet.
NOTE: &hand; Ma ny of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to
the genus Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus,
Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The American parrakeets
mostly belong to the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C.
Carolinensis).
Parral, Parrel
Par"ral (?), Par"rel (?), n. [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.]
1. (Naut.) The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the
mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure.
Totten.
2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell.
Parraqua
Par*ra"qua (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied
to the guan.
Parrhesia
Par*rhe"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of
speech.
Parricidal
Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See Parricide.]
Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.
Parricide
Par"ri*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere to
kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]
1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one
who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.
2. [L. parricidium.] The act or crime of murdering one's own father or
any ancestor.
Parricidious
Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a. Parricidal. [Obs.]
Parrock
Par"rock (?), n. [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.] A croft, or small
field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.]
Parrot
Par"rot (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F.
pierrot is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. Paroquet, Petrel,
Petrify.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other
genera of the family Psittacid\'91, as distinguished from the
parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even
tail, and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako
(P. erithacus) of Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or
green, parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as
cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and
phrases.
Carolina parrot (Zo\'94l.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. --
Night parrot, OR Owl parrot. (Zo\'94l.) See Kakapo. -- Parrot coal,
cannel coal; -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it
makes in burning. [Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green. (Chem.) See
Scheele's green, under Green, n. -- Parrot weed (Bot.), a
suffrutescent plant (Bocconia frutescens) of the Poppy family, native
of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid
leaves, and small, panicled, apetalous flowers. -- Parrot wrasse,
Parrot fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish of the genus Scarus. One species (S.
Cretensis), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and
was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Parrot
Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a parrot.
Parrot
Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a parrot.
Parroter
Par"rot*er (?), n. One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J.
S. Mill.
Parrotry
Par"rot*ry (?), n. Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge.
"The supine parrotry." Fitzed. Hall.
Parrot's-bill
Par"rot's-bill` (?), n. [So called from the resemblance of its curved
superior petal to a parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See under
Glory.
Parry
Par"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parried (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parrying.] [F. par\'82, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.]
1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a
blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke.
Vice parries wide The undreaded volley with a sword of straw.
Cowper.
2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.
The French government has parried the payment of our claims. E.
Everett.
Parry
Par"ry, v. i. To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow,
argument, etc. Locke.
Parry
Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries (. A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in
sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a
defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter.
Parse
Parse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.]
[L. pars a part; pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.]
(Gram.) To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the
several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by
government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically.
Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over
perfectly. Ascham.
Parsee
Par"see (?), n. [Hind. & Per. p\'bers\'c6 a Persian, a follower of
Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.]
1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian
religion, descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire
worshiper; a Gheber.
2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the
Parsees.
Parseeism
Par"see*ism (?), n. The religion and customs of the Parsees.
Parser
Pars"er (?), n. One who parses.
Parsimonious
Par`si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.]
Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to
excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious. Bacon.
Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of
many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more
men and money. Addison.
Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean;
stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.
Parsimony
Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to spare,
parsus sparing: cf. F. parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in the
expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive
frugality; niggardliness. Bacon.
Awful parsimony presided generally at the table. Thackeray.
Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness;
stinginess. See Economy.
Parsley
Pars"ley (?), n. [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum rock
parsley, Gr. Celery.] (Bot.) An aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum
Petroselinum), having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery
and as a garnish.
As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit. Shak.
Fool's parsley. See under Fool. -- Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone
parsley, names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the
parsley. -- Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling
parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). -- Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb
(Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for calculus.
Parsnip
Pars"nip (?), n. [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L. pastinaca;
cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF. pastenade,
pastenaque.] (Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the
cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a biennial umbelliferous
plant which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant
itself. Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. -- Meadow parsnip, the European
cow parsnip. -- Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the parsnip. --
Water parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the species
of which are poisonous.
Parson
Par"son (?), n. [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne
person, LL. persona (sc. ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See
Person.]
1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A person who represents a parish in its
ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or
incumbent of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the
rights thereof, with the cure of souls.
2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in
orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.
He hears the parson pray and preach. Longfellow.
Parson bird (Zo\'94l.), a New Zealand bird (Prosthemadera
Nov\'91seelandi\'91) remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its
ability to articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious
tuft of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is
often kept as a cage bird.
Parsonage
Par"son*age (?), n.
1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings,
for the maintenance of the parson of a parish.
2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or
ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of
the incumbent or settled pastor.
3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.]
What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage,
for? Sir W. Scott.
Parsoned
Par"soned (?), a. Furnished with a parson.
Parsonic, Parsonical
Par*son"ic (?), Par*son"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parson;
clerical.
Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart. Colman.
-- Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv.
Parsonish
Par"son*ish (?), a. Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in
disparagement. [Colloq.]
Part
Part (?), n. [F. part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring
forth, produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.]
1. One of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is
divided, or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a
number, quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up,
with others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually
separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a
member; a constituent.
And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part
and laid it at the apostles'feet. Acts v. 2.
Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret
relation of the parts ? Locke.
I am a part of all that I have met. Tennyson.
2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal constituent portion; one of
several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is
divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or
ingredient.
An homer is the tenth part of an ephah. Ex. xvi. 36.
A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom, And ever
three parts coward. Shak.
(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an
organ; an essential element.
All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body. Locke.
The pulse, the glow of every part. Keble.
(c) A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent;
-- usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of considerable
parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay.
Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not
admit any good part to intermingle with them. Shak.
(d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the plural. "The
uttermost part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9.
All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears. Dryden.
(e) (Math.) Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain
number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of
12; -- the opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a
geometrical figure.
3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which
falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot;
interest; concern; duty; office.
We have no part in David. 2 Sam. xx. 1.
Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part; Do thou but thine.
Milton.
Let me bear My part of danger with an equal share. Dryden.
4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a
conflict or a controversy; a faction.
For he that is not against us is on our part. Mark ix. 40.
Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part. Waller.
(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed
personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a
character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See
To act a part, under Act.
That part Was aptly fitted and naturally performed. Shak.
It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf. Shak.
Honor and shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there
all the honor lies. Pope.
(c) (Mus.) One of the different melodies of a concerted composition,
which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each
voice or instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin
part, etc. For my part, so far as concerns me; for my share. -- For
the most part. See under Most, a. -- In good part, as well done;
favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner. Hooker. In ill part,
unfavorably; with displeasure. -- In part, in some degree; partly. --
Part and parcel, an essential or constituent portion; -- a
reduplicative phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was
. . . part and parcel of the race and place." Howitt. -- Part of
speech (Gram.), a sort or class of words of a particular character;
thus, the noun is a part of speech denoting the name of a thing; the
verb is a part of speech which asserts something of the subject of a
sentence. -- Part owner (Law), one of several owners or tenants in
common. See Joint tenant, under Joint. -- Part singing, singing in
which two or more of the harmonic parts are taken. -- Part song, a
song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. "A part song
differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of contrapuntual devices;
from a glee, in its being sung by many voices, instead of by one only,
to each part." Stainer & Barrett. Syn. -- Portion; section; division;
fraction; fragment; piece; share; constituent. See Portion, and
Section.
Part
Part (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] [F.
partir, L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a
part. See Part, n.]
1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or
more parts or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev.
ii. 6.
There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues. Keble.
2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to
apportion; to share.
To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee. Pope.
They parted my raiment among them. John xix. 24.
3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from
contact or contiguity; to sunder.
The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee
and me. Ruth i. 17.
While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into
heaven. Luke xxiv. 51.
The narrow seas that part The French and English. Shak.
4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as
combatants.
The stumbling night did part our weary powers. Shak.
5. To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion;
as, to part gold from silver.
The liver minds his own affair, . . . And parts and strains the
vital juices. Prior.
6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.]
Since presently your souls must part your bodies. Shak.
To part a cable (Naut.), to break it. -- To part company, to separate,
as travelers or companions.
Part
Part, v. i.
1. To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become
separated; to go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts in the
middle.
2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to
die; -- often with from.
He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted. Shak.
He owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before.
Macaulay.
His precious bag, which he would by no means part from. G. Eliot.
3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any
kind; -- followed by with or from.
Celia, for thy sake, I part With all that grew so near my heart.
Waller.
Powerful hands . . . will not part Easily from possession won with
arms. Milton.
It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at
parting with an only son. A. Trollope.
4. To have a part or share; to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part
alike." 1 Sam. xxx. 24.
Part
Part, adv. Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak.
Partable
Part"a*ble (?), a. See Partible. Camden.
Partage
Part"age (?), n. [F. See Part, v. & n.]
1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford.
Partake
Par*take" (?), v. i. [imp. Partook (?); p. p. Partaken (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Partaking.] [Part + take.]
1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to
have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a
feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke.
When I against myself with thee partake. Shak.
2. To have something of the properties, character, or office; --
usually followed by of.
The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge,
and partly of an attorney-general. Bacon.
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Page 1046
Partake
Par*take" (?), v. t.
1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.
Let every one partake the general joy. Driden.
2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to.
[Obs.] Spencer.
3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak.
Partaker
Par*tak"er (?), n.
1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.
Partakers of their spiritual things. Rom. xv. 27.
Wish me partaker in my happiness. Shark.
2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.]
Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets. Matt. xxiii. 30.
Partan
Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zo\'94l.) An edible British
crab. [Prov. Eng.]
Parted
Part"ed (?), a.
1. Separated; devided.
2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
3. (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to
the midrib, or the base of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used
chiefly in composition; as, three-parted, five-parted, etc. Gray.
Parter
Part"er (?), n. One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney.
Parterre
Par*terre" (?), n. [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground,
L. terra. See Terrace.]
1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots,
in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or
turf for walking on.
2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]
Partheniad
Par*the"ni*ad (?), n. [See Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a virgin.
[Obs.]
Parthenic
Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheni\'91,
or sons of unmarried women.
Parthenogenesis
Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.]
1. (Biol.) The production of new individuals from virgin females by
means of ova which have the power of developing without the
intervention of the male element; the production, without
fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the
phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.
2. (Bot.) The production of seed without fertilization, believed to
occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the
embrionic vesicle.
Parthenogenetic
Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by,
parthenogenesis; as, parthenogenetic forms. --
Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
Parthenogenitive
Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a. (Biol.) Parthenogenetic.
Parthenogeny
Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis.
Parthenon
Par"the*non (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i.
e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A celebrated marble
temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric
order, and has had an important influence on art.
Partenope
Par*ten"o*pe (?), n. [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr.
1. (Gr. Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in
despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs.
2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, descovered by M. de
Gasparis in 1850.
Parthian
Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. -- n.
A native Parthia. Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an enemy when
retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians;
hence, a parting shot.
Partial
Par"tial (?), a. [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a
part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or
universal; not total or entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon.
"Partial dissolutions of the earth." T. Burnet.
2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question,
more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not
be partial.
Ye have been partial in the law. Mal. ii. 9.
3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably;
foolishly fond. "A partial parent." Pope.
Not partial to an ostentatious display. Sir W. Scott.
4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is
made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a
partial petiole.
Partial differentials, Partial differential coefficients, Partial
differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the
differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the
function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the
time constant. -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals
a given fraction. -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in
combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which,
blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound,
or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone.
Partialism
Par"tial*ism (?), n. Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine
of the Partialists.
Partialist
Par"tial*ist n.
1. One who is partial. [R.]
2. (Theol.) One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part
of mankind, that is, for the elect.
Partiality
Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. partialit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one
party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of
mind.
2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others;
special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting.
Roget.
Partialize
Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To make or be partial. [R.]
Partially
Par"tial*ly adv.
1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun partially
eclipsed. Sir T. Browne.
2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or
dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak.
Partibility
Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Partible.] The quality or state of being
partible; divisibility; separability; as, the partibility of an
inherttance.
Partible
Part"i*ble (?), a. [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr. L.
pars: cf. F. partible. See Part.] Admitting of being parted;
divisible; separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an
estate of inheritance may be partible. "Make the molds partible."
Bacon.
Participable
Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being participated or shared. [R.]
Norris.
Participant
Par*tic"i*pant (?), a. [L. participans, p.pr. of participare: cf. F.
participant. See Participate.] Sharing; participating; having a share
of part. Bacon.
Participant
Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a partaker.
Participants in their . . . mysterious rites. Bp. Warburton.
Participantly
Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant manner.
Participate
Par*tic"i*pate (?), a. [L. participatus, p.p. of participare to
participate; pars, partis, part + capere to take. See Part, and
Capacious.] Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak.
Participate
Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Participating.] Tj have a share in common with others; to take a
part; to partake; -- followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate
in a debate. Shak.
So would he participateof their wants. Hayward.
Mine may come when men With angels may participate. Milton.
Participate
Par*tic"i*pate, v. t.
1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of. [R.]
Fit to participate all rational delight. Milton.
2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton.
Participation
Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F. participation, L. participatio.]
1. The act or state of participating, or sharing in common with
others; as, a participation in joy or sorrows.
These deities are so by participation. Bp. Stillingfleet.
What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed
participation of himself! Atterbury.
2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh.
3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak.
Participative
Par*tic"i*pa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. participatif.] Capable of
participating.
Participator
Par*tic"i*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who participates, or shares with
another; a partaker.
Participial
Par`ti*cip"i*al (?), a. [L. participialis: cf. E. participal. See
Participle.] Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a
participle; formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth.
Participial
Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial word.
Participialize
Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p Participialized (?); p. pr.
& vb. n. Participializing.] To form into, or put in the form of, a
participle. [R.]
Participially
Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or manner of a participle.
Participle
Par"ti*ci*ple (?), n. [F. participe, L. participium, fr. particeps
sharing, participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See
Participate.]
1. (Gram.) A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and
adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun,
but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the
sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear;
exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and
exhaustedare participles.
By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect.
Earle.
NOTE: &hand; Pr esent pa rticiples, ca lled al so im perfect, or
incomplete, participles, end in -ing. Past participles, called also
perfect, or complete, participles, for the most part end in -ed,
-d, -t, -en, or -n. A participle when used merely as an attribute
of a noun, without reference to time, is called an adjective, or a
participial adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone;
the exhausted army. The verbal noun in -ing has the form of the
present participle. See Verbal noun, under Verbal, a.
2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.]
The participles or confines between plants and living creatures.
Bacon.
Particle
Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part: cf.
F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.]
1. A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an
atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of dust.
The small size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle
of light. Blackmore.
2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has
not a particle of patriotism or virtue.
The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least
particle to recede. Clarendon.
3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b)
The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp.
Fitzpatrick.
4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition,
conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in
compositions; as, ward in backward, ly in lovely. <-- elementary
particle (Physics) -->
Particolored
Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as Party-colored.
Particular
Par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [OE. particuler, F. particulier, L.
particularis. See Particle.]
1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part
separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole;
single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a
constellation. Shak.
[/Make] each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the
fretful porpentine. Shak.
Seken in every halk and every herne Particular sciences for to
lerne. Chaucer.
2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to
one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar;
singular. "Thine own particular wrongs." Shak.
Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the
earth. Bacon.
3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished;
important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular
news; she was the particular belle of the party.
4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial;
precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident; hence,
nice; fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress.
5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate,
or one precedent to an estate in remainder. (b) Holding a particular
estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone.
6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension;
affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular
proposition; -- opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative)
Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise.
Particular average. See under Average. -- Particular Baptist, one of a
branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the
doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation. --
Particular lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some
charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular
thing. -- Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act,
and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the
human race. See Calvinism. Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective;
appropriate; peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical;
circumstantial. See Minute.
Particular
Par*tic"u*lar (?), n.
1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an
individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be
considered separately; as, the particulars of a story.
Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal. Bacon.
It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of
the community. L'Estrange.
2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character;
individuality; interest, etc. [Obs.]
For his particular I'll receive him gladly. Shak.
If the particulars of each person be considered. Milton.
Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or
such as concern our particular. Whole Duty of Man.
3. (Law) One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually
in the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a
particular of premises.
The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was
written. Ayliffe.
Bill of particulars. See under Bill. -- In particular, specially;
peculiarly. "This, in particular, happens to the lungs." Blackmore. --
To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or minutely.
Particularism
Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. particularisme.]
1. A minute description; a detailed statement. [R.]
2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular election.
3. (German Politics) Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or
province rather than to those of the empire.
Particularist
Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. [Cf. F. particulariste.] One who holds to
particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a.
Particularity
Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Particularities (#). [Cf. F.
particularit\'82.]
1. The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness;
circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.
2. That which is particular; as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual
characteristic; peculiarity. "An old heathen altar with this
particularity." Addison. (b) Special circumstance; minute detail;
particular. "Even descending to particularities." Sir P. Sidney. (c)
Something of special or private concern or interest.
Let the general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty
sounds To cease! Shak
.
Particularization
Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of particularizing. Coleridge.
Particularize
Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized (?); p. pr.
& vb. n. Particularizing (?).] [Cf. F. particulariser.] To give as a
particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give
the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.
He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but
particularizes his descent from Benjamin. Atterbury.
Particularize
Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i. To mention or attend to particulars; to give
minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a
narrative.
Particularly
Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.
1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or
interest; in particular; distinctly.
2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly
fortunate man; a particularly bad failure.
The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great
part of his character. Dryden.
Particularment
Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A particular; a detail. [Obs.]
Particulate
Par*tic"u*late (?), v. t. & i. [See Particle.] To particularize.
[Obs.]
Particulate
Par*tic"u*late (?), a.
1. Having the form of a particle.
2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute
germs, etc. [R.]
The smallpox is a particulate disease. Tyndall.
Parting
Par"ting (?), a. [From Part, v.]
1. Serving to part; dividing; separating.
2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give
him that parting kiss." Shak.
3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope.
4. Admitting of being parted; partible.
Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See
under Pulley. -- Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand,
sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. --
Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips of
wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the
thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights. --
Parting tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for
cutting a piece in two.
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Page 1047
Parting
Par"ting (?), n.
1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted;
division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21.
2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak.
And there were sudden partings, such as press The life from out
young hearts. Byron.
3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.
4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where
it meets that of another section.
5. (Chem.) The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the
separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.
6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.
7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.
8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some
other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamell\'91.
Partisan
Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf.
Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.]
1. An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and
passionately devoted to a party or an interest. "The violence of a
partisan." Macaulay.
Both sides had their partisans in the colony. Jefferson.
2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged
in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a
corps.
Partisan
Par"ti*san, a. [Written also partizan.]
1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of
blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded
by partisan zeal.
2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan
officer or corps.
Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps.
Partisan
Par"ti*san, n. [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in
French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the
weapon of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of
light troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.
And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave. Shak.
Partisanship
Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a
party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.
Partita
Par*ti"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations.
Partite
Par"tite (?), a. [L. partitus, p.p. of partire to part, divide, from
pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base;
as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base.
Partition
Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.]
1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted;
separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom.
And good from bad find no partition. Shak.
2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or
distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary;
dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one
part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another;
as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions.
No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.
Dryden.
3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.]
"Lodged in a small partition." Milton.
4. (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly
in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by
compulsion of law.
5. (Mus.) A score.
Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts
subject to given conditions. Brande & C.
Partition
Par*ti"tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Partitioning.]
1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to
partition an estate among various heirs.
2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to
partition a house.
Uniform without, though severally partitioned within. Bacon.
Partitionment
Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The act of partitioning.
Partitive
Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a
partitive genitive.
Partitive
Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A word expressing partition, or denoting a
part.
Partitively
Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive manner.
Partlet
Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of part.]
1. A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and
breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a
ruff. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame
Partlett, the hen." Shak.
Partly
Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I
partly believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18.
Partner
Part"ner (?), n. [For parcener, influenced by part.]
1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an
associate; a sharer. "Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A
husband or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c)
One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in
the gains and losses, of a business.
My other self, the partner of my life. Milton.
2. (Law) An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a
partnership. See Partnership.
3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a
deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or
the like.
Dormant, OR Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a. Syn. -- Associate;
colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion;
comrade; mate.
Partner
Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak.
Partnership
Part"ner*ship, n.
1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership
with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a
state.
2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.
Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by
fatal partnership of power. Rowe.
He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership.
Dryden.
3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an
undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a
house; as, to form a partnership.
4. (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining
together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them,
under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit
between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade,
business, or adventure. Kent. Story.
NOTE: &hand; Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though
not necessary the test of, a partnership.
5. (Arith.) See Fellowship, n., 6.
Limited partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists
of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as
ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not
liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they
contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to
the limited partnership (F. soci\'82t\'82 en commandit\'82) of the
French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent
partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a person who
furnishes capital only.
Partook
Par*took" (?), imp. of Partake.
Partridge
Par"tridge (?), n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F.
perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the
genus Perdix and several related genera of the family Perdicid\'91, of
the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.
Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. Chaucer.
NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon Eu ropean, or gr ay, pa rtridge (P erdix
cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern
Europe and Asia are well-known species.
2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to
Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.]
NOTE: &hand; Am ong th em are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of
the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx
pictus) of California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx
Montezum\'91); and the California partridge (Callipepla
Californica).
3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.]
Bamboo partridge (Zo\'94l.), a spurred partridge of the genus
Bambusicola. Several species are found in China and the East Indies.
-- Night partridge (Zo\'94l.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted
partridge (Zo\'94l.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus
pictus). -- Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a
trailing american plant (Mitchella repens) of the order Rubiace\'91,
having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes
tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and
producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant
itself. (b) The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria
procumbens); also, the plant itself. -- Partridge dove (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Mountain witch, under Mountain. -- Partridge pea (Bot.), a
yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia Cham\'91crista), common in
sandy fields in the Eastern United States. -- Partridge shell
(Zo\'94l.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium perdix), having
colors variegated like those of the partridge. -- Partridge wood (a) A
variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from
tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the leguminous
tree Andira inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name sometimes
given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of palm,
which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles. -- Sea
partridge (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami);
-- so called from its note. -- Snow partridge (Zo\'94l.), a large
spurred partridge (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains
of Asia. -- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood partridge, OR
Hill partridge (Zo\'94l.), any small Asiatic partridge of the genus
Arboricola.
Parture
Par"ture (?), n. Departure. [Obs.] Spenser.
Parturiate
Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See Parturient.] To bring forth young.
[Obs.]
Parturiency
Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n. Parturition.
Parturient
Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L. parturiens, p.pr. of parturire to desire to
bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.] Bringing
forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor.
Parturifacient
Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L. parturire to desire to bring forth +
facere to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to
give relief in childbearing. Dunglison.
Parturious
Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a. Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton.
Parturition
Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F.
parturition. See Parturient.]
1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of
giving birth; delivery; childbirth.
2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.]
Parturitive
Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a. Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.]
Party
Par"ty (?), n.; pl. Parties (#). [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir
to part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.]
1. A part or portion. [Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer.
2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished
from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one
of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public
policy.
Win the noble Brutus to our party. Shak.
The peace both parties want is like to last. Dryden.
3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially
(Mil.), a small body of troops dispatched on special service.
4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select
company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to
give a party.
5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with
others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the
contract.
6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual,
a firm, or corporation; a litigant.
The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Ex. xxii.
9.
7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or
antagonistic to another.
It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had
been adjudged felony. Sir J. Davies.
8. Cause; side; interest.
Have you nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany?
Shak.
9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.]
NOTE: "For se veral ge nerations, ou r an cestors la rgely employed
party for person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be
reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the
vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen
to leave it in their undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall.
Party jury (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which
is half natives and half foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan. Swift.
-- Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly
shown by party men. Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak.
-- Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between
two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each
property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a
block or row.
Party
Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and
cf. Partite.]
1. (Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the
ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale.
2. Partial; favoring one party.<-- partisan -->
I will be true judge, and not party. Chaucer.
Charter party. See under Charter.
Party
Par"ty, adv. Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Party-coated
Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors.
Shak.
Party-colored, Parti-colored
Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored (?), a. Colored with different tints;
variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs." Shak.
Partyism
Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to party.
Parumbilical
Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.) Near the
umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in
man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front
wall of the abdomen.
Parusia
Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which
the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the
animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.
Parvanimity
Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. parvus little + animus mind.] The state or
quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; --
opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey.
Parvenu
Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop. p.p. of parvenir to attain to, to
succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through
+ venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.] An upstart; a man newly
risen into notice.
Parvis, Parvise
Par"vis, Par"vise (?), n. [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L.
paradisus. See Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space
before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as
place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer.
Parvitude, Parvity
Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty (?), n. [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little:
cf. OF. parvit\'82.] Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray.
Parvolin
Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in
the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and
mackerel.
Parvoline
Par"vo*line (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid base, C
Pas
Pas (?), n. [F. See Pace.]
1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer.
2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.
Pasan
Pa"san (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gemsbok.
Pasch, Pascha
Pasch (?), Pas"cha (?), n. [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. pesach, fr.
p\'besach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. p\'83que. Cf. Paschal,
Paas, Paque.] The passover; the feast of Easter. Pasch egg. See Easter
egg, under Easter. -- Pasch flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.
Paschal
Pas"chal (?), a. [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.] Of or
pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal
eggs. Longfellow. Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle,
blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before
Easter. -- Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.
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Page 1048
Paseng
Pa*seng" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat.
Pash
Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to
fight with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in
pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak.
Pash
Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.]
1. The head; the poll. [R.] "A rough pash." Shak.
2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]
3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.]
Pasha
Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk. p\'besh\'be, b\'besh\'be; cf. Per. b\'besh\'be,
b\'bedsh\'beh; perh. a corruption of Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Bashaw,
Padishah, Shah.] An honorary title given to officers of high rank in
Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The
earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.]
NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e th ree cl asses of pa shas, whose rank is
distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their
standards, being one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being
the highest.
Pashalic
Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written also pachalic.] [Turk.] The jurisdiction
of a pasha.
Pashaw
Pa*shaw" (?), n. See Pasha.
Pasigraphic, Pasigraphical
Pas`i*graph"ic (?), Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) a. Of or pertaining to
pasigraphy.
Pasigraphy
Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A system of universal writing, or
a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations.
Good.
Pasilaly
Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. A form of speech adapted to be used by all
mankind; universal language.
Pask
Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch.
Paspy
Pas"py (?), n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of
French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some
time after; -- called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy
Smith.
Pasque
Pasque (?), n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch. Pasque flower (Bot.), a name
of several plants of the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are
perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in
early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also
campana.
Pasquil
Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.]
Pasquil
Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin.
Pasquilant
Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.
Pasquiler
Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton.
Pasquin
Pas"quin (?), n. [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up
against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty
cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this
statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a
lampoon. See Pasquinade.
The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on
the life of man. Dryden.
Pasquin
Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.]
To see himself pasquined and affronted. Dryden.
Pasquinade
Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A lampoon or
satirical writing. Macaulay.
Pasquinade
Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize.
Pass
Pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.]
[F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum,
to spread out, lay open. See Pace.]
1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one
point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following
adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as,
to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly,
etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the
field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over [i.e., pass on]."
Chaucer.
On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent. Milton.
Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their
bodies passed. Coleridge.
2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another;
to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo
transition; as, the business has passed into other hands.
Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to
unjust. Sir W. Temple.
3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass
away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to
depart from life; to die.
Disturb him not, let him pass paceably. Shak.
Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Dryden.
The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes.
Tennyson.
4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in
consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to
occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorly.
So death passed upon all men. Rom. v. 12.
Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. I. Watts.
5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their
vacation passed pleasantly.
Now the time is far passed. Mark vi. 35
6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken
freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance;
to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by
for before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a
man." Shak.
False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood. Felton.
This will not pass for a fault in him. Atterbury.
7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or
effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction
or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the
resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.
8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved
or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to
pass.
9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to
live alogn. "The play may pass." Shak.
10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or
opposition; as, we let this act pass.
11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This
passes, Master Ford." Shak.
12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.]
As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not. Shak.
13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.
14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other
instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in
a deed. Mozley & W.
15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.
16. (Card Playing) To decline to play in one's turn; in euchre, to
decline to make the trump.
She would not play, yet must not pass. Prior.
To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To
pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass
away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I
am." Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person
or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to
change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass
on, to proceed. -- To pass on OR upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon;
to affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no
indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b)
To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may
not pass upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease;
to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from
one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.
Pass
Pass (?), v. t.
1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over,
through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to
pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one
limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience
of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life." Milton.
She loved me for the dangers I had passed. Shak.
(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note
of; to disregard.
Please you that I may pass This doing. Shak.
I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. Dryden.
(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.
And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art.
Spenser.
Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most
desolate hour. Byron.
(e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.;
to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed
his examination; the bill passed the senate.
2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to
transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit;
to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and
cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand.
I had only time to pass my eye over the medals. Addison.
Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.
Clarendon.
(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to
promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak.
Father, thy word is passed. Milton.
(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with
success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to
give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as
valid and just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the
senate passed the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to;
as, to pass counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To
cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a
person into a theater, or over a railroad.
3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.
4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a
sail in furling, and make secure.
5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak.
Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to
omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due.
-- To pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of
her age." Ecclus. xlii. 9.<-- (b) to die --> -- To pass by. (a) To
disregard; to neglect. (b) To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To
pass off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as
a bishop." Macaulay. -- To pass (something) on OR upon (some one), to
put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on
her husband for a boy." Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to
note or resent; as, to pass over an affront.
Pass
Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See
Pass, v. i.]
1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one
through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a
passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass.
"Try not the pass!" the old man said. Longfellow.
2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an
adversary. Shak.
3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of
a mesmerist.
4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc.,
between the rolls.
5. State of things; condition; predicament.
Have his daughters brought him to this pass. Shak.
Matters have been brought to this pass. South.
6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a
ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater
pass; a military pass.
A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy. Kent.
7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak.
8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]
Common speech gives him a worthy pass. Shak.
9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book
in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or
sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a
wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service
magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place
of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in
expectation of returning.
Passable
Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. passable.]
1. Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed,
penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream is
passablein boats.
His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a
throughfare for steel. Shak.
2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable;
generally receivable; current.
With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable
than another. L'Estrange.
Could they have made this slander passable. Collier.
3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection;
tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.
My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is
absent. Dryden.
Passableness
Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being passable.
Passably
Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably; moderately.
Passacaglia, Passacaglio
Pas`sa*ca*glia (?), Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), n. [Sp. pasacalle a certain
tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the
streets.] (Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow
three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a
chaconne.
Passade, Passado
Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do (?), n. [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See
Pass, v. i.]
1. (Fencing) A pass or thrust. Shak.
2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same
spot of ground.
Passage
Pas"sage (?), n. [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.]
1. The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement
from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the
passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the
passage of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels
of the body.
What! are my doors opposed against my passage! Shak.
2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage,
car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing;
conveyance.
The ship in which he had taken passage. Macaulay.
3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage.
4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy
mortal passage." Milton.
When he is fit and season'd for his passage. Shak.
5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes;
way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common
avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.
And with his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage to his
heart. Dryden.
The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia.
South.
6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or
continuous series; as, the passage of time.
The conduct and passage of affairs. Sir J. Davies.
The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak.
7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an
incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak.
The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief. South.
8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous;
esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a
paragraph; a clause.
How commentators each dark passage shun. Young.
9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.
10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms.
No passages of love Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore.
Tennyson.
11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.
12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition
(bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration
and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was
amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other
proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp.,
the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence,
adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading
was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack.
The final question was then put upon its passage. Cushing.
In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but
in passage." Bacon. -- Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest
passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. -- Of passage, passing from
one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; -- said
especially of birds "Birds of passage." Longfellow. -- Passage hawk, a
hawk taken on its passage or migration. -- Passage money, money paid
for conveyance of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by
water.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1049
Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule.
Passager
Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of
passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.
Passageway
Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.
Passant
Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.]
1. Passing from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.]
Many opinions are passant. Sir T. Browne.
2. Curs [Obs.]
On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop. Sir P. Pett.
3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.
4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is
represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.
Pass\'82, masc. Pass\'82e
Pas`s\'82", masc. Pas`s\'82"e, fem. (?), a. [F.] Past; gone by; hence,
past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a pass\'82e belle. Ld. Lytton.
Passegarde
Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a
shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the
joint of the armor.
Passement
Passe"ment (?), n. [F.] Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment.
Sir W. Scott.
Passementerie
Passe*men"terie (?), n. [F.] Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.
Passenger
Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf.
Messenger.]
1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak.
2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat,
railroad train, etc.
Passenger falcon (Zo\'94l.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger
pigeon (Zo\'94l.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes
migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations.<-- now
extinct! -->
Passe partout
Passe" par`tout" (?), n. [F., from passer to pass + partout
everywhere.]
1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.] Dryden.
2. A master key; a latchkey.
3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like,
usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving
for several pictures.
Passer
Pass"er (?), n. One who passes; a passenger.
Passer-by
Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who goes by; a passer.
Passeres
Pas"se*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the
known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with
many other small perching birds.
Passeriform
Pas*ser"i*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the Passeres.
Passerine
Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to the Passeres.
The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit
trees. Sydney Smith.
Passerine
Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Passeres.
Passibility
Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilit\'82.] The
quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer;
sensibility. Hakewill.
Passible
Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F.
passible. See Passion.] Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of
impressions from external agents.
Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible. Hooker.
Passibleness
Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility. Brerewood.
Passiflora
Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus,
to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants,
including the passion flower. It is the type of the order
Passiflore\'91, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred
and fifty species.
Passim
Pas"sim (?), adv. [L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this word
occurs passim in the poem.
Passing
Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of
going by or away. Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a
soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke
prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a
funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W.
Scott. Longfellow.
Passing
Pass"ing, a.
1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through,
or away; departing.
2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity."
Shak.
Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing
tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an
unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but
forming no essential part of the harmony.
Passing
Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing
fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.
Passingly
Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif.
Passion
Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See
Patient.]
1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering
or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the suffering of
Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the
garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif (Rom. viii.
18).
To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many
infallible proofs. Acts i. 3.
2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or
influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action.
A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and,
when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.
Locke.
3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of
impressions from external agents. [R.]
Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many
other passions of matter. Bacon.
4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and
influenced by something external to itself; the state of any
particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely
sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment
(specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling
activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or
susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a passion; the
passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear,
etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion
as well as rhetorical skill. "A passion fond even to idolatry."
Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu.
We also are men of like passions with you. Acts xiv. 15.
The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood,
without considering the affections and passions, or those
modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the
apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind
generally conceives good or evil. Hutcheson.
The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very
strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind
of enthusiastic fondness for anything. Cogan.
The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion. Shak.
The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers
reason still. Pope.
Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion.
Akenside.
When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no
passion for the glory of their country. Addison.
5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.
6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl.
Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; --
so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the
instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.
NOTE: &hand; Th e fl owers ar e sh owy, an d the fruit is sometimes
highly esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves
are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The
plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer
parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian.
Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of
the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio,
with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the
passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in
which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are
represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday
in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week
but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of
Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week."
Shipley. Syn. -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or
emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a
passion for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus
extreme) called passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as
having lost its self-control, and become the passive instrument of the
feeling in question.
Passion
Pas"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned (?); p.pr & vb. n.
Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats.
Passion
Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to
be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she
doteth." Shak.
Passional
Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions;
exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A
passionary.
Passionary
Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in
which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton.
Passionate
Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionn\'82.]
1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily
moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger;
irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature.
Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate. Prior.
2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or
desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate
Pilgrim." Shak.
3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.
Passionate
Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i.
1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]
Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen
did passionate. Spenser.
2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.
Passionately
Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv.
1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.
Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately. South.
2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.
Passionateness
Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate.
Passionist
Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in
Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The
members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the
activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted
Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.
Passionless
Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not
easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.
Passiontide
Pas"sion*tide` (?), n. [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of
Lent.
Passive
Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.]
1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or
influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene.
The passive air Upbore their nimble tread. Milton.
The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple
ideas. Locke.
2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active
resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing;
unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.
The best virtue, passive fortitude. Massinger.
3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red
phosphorus is comparatively passive.
4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or
dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with
deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.
Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return
of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron
which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid,
chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive
movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made
without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part.
-- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or
submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the
existing government. -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a
suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the
soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. --
Passive verb, OR Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb,
which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin,
doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired
by all; he is assailed by slander. Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent;
unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.
Passively
Pas"sive*ly, adv.
1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.
2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.
Passiveness
Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting
submission.
To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the
power and action of its cause. J. Edwards.
Passivity
Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivit\'82.]
1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor.
2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either
of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.
3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no
inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.
Pass-key
Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master
key.
Passless
Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.
Passman
Pass"man (?), n.; pl. Passmen (. One who passes for a degree, without
honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.]
Passover
Pass"o`ver (?), n. [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A
feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the
Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians,
passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the
blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the
passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.
Pass-parole
Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F. passe-parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from
front to rear by word of mouth.
Passport
Pass"port (, n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or
to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and
Port a harbor.]
1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a
state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from
place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.
Caution in granting passports to Ireland. Clarendon.
2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to
certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea
letter.
3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and
effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct. Burrill.
4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general
acceptance. Sir P. Sidney.
His passport is his innocence and grace. Dryden.
Passus
Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (. [L., a step, a pace.
See Pace.] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers
Plowman. See 2d Fit.
Password
Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to
pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.
Passymeasure
Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See
Paspy. Shak.
Past
Past (?), a. [From Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or
state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as,
past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton. Past master. See
under Master.
Past
Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past,
at least, is secure." D. Webster.
The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a
very remote past indeed. Trench.
Past
Past, prep.
1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or
influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled past
endurance." Macaulay.
Until we be past thy borders. Num. xxi. 22.
Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame.
L'Estrange.
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2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour.
Is it not past two o'clock? Shak.
3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.]
Not past three quarters of a mile. Shak.
Bows not past three quarters of a yard long. Spenser.
Past
Past (?), adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past.
The alarum of drums swept past. Longfellow.
Paste
Paste (?), n. [OF. paste, F. p\'83te, L. pasta, fr. Gr. Pasty, n.,
Patty.]
1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of
earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's
ware.
2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies
and the like; pastry dough.
3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the
like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in
bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for
mordant or color.
4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used
in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass.
5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice,
or the like, with sugar, etc.
6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.
Paste eel (Zo\'94l.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.
Paste
Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.] To unite
with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.
Pasteboard
Paste"board` (?), n.
1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets
pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds,
etc.
2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.
Pastel
Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.]
1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water.
[Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in pastel." W.
Black.
2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria);
also, the dye itself. <--3. a drawing using pastel, or of a pastel
shade. 4. the art or process of drawing with pastels. 5. any of
various light or pale colors. 6. a light literary work, as a sketch.
-->
Paster
Past"er (?), n.
1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department.
2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by
the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot.
[Cant, U.S.]
Pastern
Pas"tern (?), n. [Of. pasturon, F. p\'83turon, fr. OF. pasture a
tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.]
1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the
fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse.
NOTE: &hand; Th e upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the
great pastern bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the
third, in the hoof, the coffin bone.
Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals,
between the great and small pastern bones.
2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight.
3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.
Pasteurism
Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.]
1. A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain
diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an
attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.
2. Pasteurization.
Pasteurization
Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A process devised by Pasteur for preventing
or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by
exposure to a temperature of 140° F., thus destroying the vitality of
the contained germs or ferments.
Pasteurize
Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t.
1. To subject to pasteurization.
2. To treat by pasteurizm.
Pasticcio
Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.]
1. A medley; an olio. [R.] H. Swinburne.
2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of art imitating directly the work of
another artist, or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of
art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with
missing parts supplied.
Pastil, Pastille
Pas"til (?), Pas*tille" (?), n. [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus
food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.]
1. (Pharmacy) A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin,
cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting the
air of a room.
2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.
3. See Pastel, a crayon.
Pastime
Pas"time` (?), n. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.] That which amuses,
and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.
Pastime
Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.]
Pastor
Pas"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf.
Pabulum, Pasture, Food.]
1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.
2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the
charge of a church and parish.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the
plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and
glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon
locusts.
Pastorage
Pas"tor*age (?), n. The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor;
pastorate.
Pastoral
Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.]
1. Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and
scenes; as, a pastoral life.
2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as,
pastoral duties; a pastoral letter.
Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's
crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or
other prelate privileged to carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. --
Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of
pastors.
Pastoral
Pas"tor*al (?), n.
1. A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in
which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a
bucolic.
A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented
by its effects on a country life. Rambler.
2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for
instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical
composition the subject of which is taken from rural life. Moore
(Encyc. of Music).
3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter
addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter
of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.
Pastorale
Pas`to*ra"le (?), n. [It.]
1. (Mus.) A composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or
12-8 time.
2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.
Pastorally
Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv.
1. In a pastoral or rural manner.
2. In the manner of a pastor.
Pastorate
Pas"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.] The office, state,
or jurisdiction of a pastor.
Pastorless
Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor.
Pastorling
Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An insignificant pastor. [R.]
Pastorly
Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a pastor. Milton.
Pastorship
Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate. Bp. Bull.
Pastry
Pas"try (?), n.; pl. Pastries (.
1. The place where pastry is made. [Obs.] Shak.
2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as
pies, tarts, etc.
Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry
cook of a hotel.
Pasturable
Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for pasture.
Pasturage
Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF. pasturage, F. p\'83turage. See Pasture.]
1. Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.
2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.
3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.
Pasture
Pas"ture (?), n. [OF. pasture, F. p\'83ture, L. pastura, fr. pascere,
pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.]
1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.]
Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous. Spenser.
2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of
cattle taken by grazing.
3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage.
He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. Ps. xxiii. 2.
So graze as you find pasture. Shak.
Pasture
Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pastured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pasturing.] To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as
food for; as, the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture
forty cows.
Pasture
Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing grass; to graze.
Pastureless
Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of pasture. Milton.
Pasturer
Pas"tur*er (?), n. One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze.
See Agister.
Pasty
Pas"ty (?), a. Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty
complexion." G. Eliot.
Pasty
Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties (#). [OF. past\'82, F. p\'83t\'82. See Paste,
and cf. Patty.] A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded
with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish;
a meat pie. "If ye pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties."
Dickens.
A large pasty baked in a pewter platter. Sir W. Scott.
Pat
Pat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.]
[Cf. G. patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.] To strike gently
with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog.
Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite. Pope.
Pat
Pat, n.
1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.
2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats.
It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter. Dickens.
Pat
Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas is
fr. F. passer to pass.] Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely.
"Pat allusion." Barrow.
Pat
Pat, adv. In a pat manner.
I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter. Sterne.
Pataca
Pa*ta"ca (?), n. [Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also patacoon.
[Obs.]
Patache
Pa`tache" (?), n. [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.) A tender to
a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain
& Portugal]
Patacoon
Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.] See Pataca.
Patagium
Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Patagia (#). [L., an edge or border.]
1. (Anat.) In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore
limb with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form
the wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore
limb with the body.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the
bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of
Butterfly.
Patagonian
Pat`a*go"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A native
of Patagonia.
Patamar
Pat"a*mar (?), n. [From the native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling
a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also
pattemar.]
Patas
Pa*tas" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A West African long-tailed monkey
(Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey.
Patavinity
Pat`a*vin"i*ty (?), n. [L. patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F.
patavinit\'82] The use of local or provincial words, as in the
peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called
from Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.
Patch
Patch (?), n. [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche; cf.
Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.]
1. A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise
fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old
garment to cover a hole.
Patches set upon a little breach. Shak.
2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a
patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.
3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a
defect, or to heighten beauty.
Your black patches you wear variously. Beau. & Fl.
4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a
rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.
5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a
tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn.
Employed about this patch of ground. Bunyan.
6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect
of dispart, in sighting.
7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou
scurvy patch." Shak.
Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea. -- Soft patch, a
patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler,
consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a
plate bolted or riveted fast.
Patch
Patch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.]
1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the
like; as, to patch a coat.
2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair
clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house.
3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.
Ladies who patched both sides of their faces. Spectator.
4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange
in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a
truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak.
Patcher
Patch"er (?), n. One who patches or botches. Foxe.
Patchery
Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy.
[R.] Shak.
Patchingly
Patch"ing*ly (?), adv. Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]
Patchouli, Patchouly
Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly (?), n. [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East
Indian origin.]
1. (Bot.) A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the East Indies,
yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made.
2. The perfume made from this plant.
Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling
borneol, found in patchouly oil.
Patchwork
Patch"work` (?), n. Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp.
pieces of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of
incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily
composed; a thing putched up. Swift.
Patchy
Patch"y (?), a. Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in
patches.
Pat\'82
Pa`t\'82" (?), a. (Her.) See Patt\'82.
Pat\'82
Pa`t\'82" (?), n. [F. p\'83t\'82.]
1. A pie. See Patty.
2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form,
and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified
place. [R.]
Pate
Pate (?), n. [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head;
patt, patz, scab + kopf head.]
1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. [Now
generally used in contempt or ridicule.]<-- esp., bald pate -->
His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent
dealing shall come down upon his own pate. Ps. vii. 16.
Fat paunches have lean pate. Shak.
2. The skin of a calf's head.
Pated
Pat"ed (?), a. Having a pate; -- used only in composition; as,
long-pated; shallow-pated.
Patee
Pa*tee" (?), n. See Pattee.
Patefaction
Pat`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open; patere
to lie open + facere to make.] The act of opening, disclosing, or
manifesting; open declaration. Jer. Taylor.
Patela
Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind. patel\'be.] A large flat-bottomed trading boat
peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also puteli.
Patella
Pa*tel"la (?), n.; pl. Patell\'91 (#). [L., a small pan, the kneepan,
dim. of patina, patena, a pan, dish.]
1. A small dish, pan, or vase.
2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee.<-- kneecap -->
3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of
limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common
European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.
4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat,
and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.
Patellar
Pa*tel"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the patella, or
kneepan. <-- patellar tendon -->
Patelliform
Pa*tel"li*form (?), a. [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.]
1. Having the form of a patella.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.
Patellula
Pa*tel"lu*la (?), n.; pl. Patellul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. patella.
See Patella.] (Zo\'94l.) A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain
insects.
Paten
Pat"en (?), n. [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan; cf.
L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. pat\'8ane. Cf. Patina.]
1. A plate. [Obs.]
2. (Eccl.) The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the
Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is
usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.
[Written also patin, patine.]
Patena
Pat"e*na (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) A paten.
Patena
Pa*te"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the
hill region of Ceylon.
Patency
Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See Patent.]
1. The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread.
2. The state of being patent or evident.
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Patent
Pat"ent (p&acr;t"ent OR p&amac;t"ent), a. [L. patens, -entis, p.pr. of
patere to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.]
1.
NOTE: (Oftener pronounced p&amac;t"ent in this sense)
Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest; public;
conspicuous.
He had received instructions, both patent and secret. Motley.
2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some right
or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter.
3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official
authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some
person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines.
Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent
commodity. Mortimer.
4. (Bot.) Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or
branch; as, a patent leaf.
Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and
shoes, and in carriage and harness work. -- Patent office, a
government bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting
of patents. -- Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention,
and the control of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by
the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture,
or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or
prerogatives. -- Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents.
Patent
Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.]
1. A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by
a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person or
party. Specifically: (a) A writing securing to an invention. (b) A
document making a grant and conveyance of public lands.
Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent.
Fuller.
NOTE: &hand; In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for
inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of
renewal except by act of Congress.
2. The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence,
figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a
patent.
If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend.
Shak.
Patent
Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.] To
grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect
by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public lands.
Patentable
Pat"ent*a*ble (?), a. Suitable to be patented; capable of being
patented.
Patentee
Pat`ent*ee" (?), n. One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege
secured, by patent. Bacon.
Patent-hammered
Pat"ent-ham"mered (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by
cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels
clamped together.
Patently
Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent, a.), adv. Openly; evidently.
Patera
Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl. Pater\'91(. [ L., fr. patere to lie open.]
1. A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and
Romans in libations and sacrificies.
2. (Arch.) A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in
relief on friezes, and the like.
Paterero
Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See Pederero. [Obs.]
Paterfamilias
Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as (?), n.; pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L., fr. pater
father + familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law) The head of a
family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his
own master.
Paternal
Pa*ter"nal (?), a. [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F. paternel.
See Father.]
1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of
a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care.
"Under paternal rule." Milton.
2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal
estate.
Their small paternal field of corn. Dryden.
Paternal government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing
power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and
intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the
theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.
Paternalism
Pa*ter"nal*ism (?), n. (Polit. Science) The theory or practice of
paternal government. See Paternal government, under Paternal. London
Times. <-- paternalistic, = relating to paternalism -->
Paternally
Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal manner.
Paternity
Pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L. paternitas: cf. F. paternit\'82. See
Paternal.]
1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood;
family headship; as, the divine paternity.
The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other
dominion than paternity and eldership. Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the
paternity of a child.
3. Origin; authorship.
The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed. Sir W. Scott.
Paternoster
Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our Father.]
1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin
version.
2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings.
3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead
Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. --
Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a
paternoster. Udall.
Path
Path (?), n.; pl. Paths (#). [As. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin;
cf. Gr. patha, path. &root;21.]
1. A trodden way; a footway.
The dewy paths of meadows we will tread. Dryden.
2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved;
route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a
caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a
course of life or action.
All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Ps. xxv. 10.
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Gray.
Path
Path (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed (?); pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To
make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] "Pathing
young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton.
Path
Path, v. i. To walk or go. [R.] Shak.
Pathematic
Path`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion
or suffering. [R.] Chalmers.
Pathetic
Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L. patheticus, Gr. path\'82tique. See Pathos.]
1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [Obs.]
2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full
of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay.
No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic. E.
Porter.
Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye. --
Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which
supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The
pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.
Pathetical
Pa*thet"ic*al (?), a. Pathetic. [R.] -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.
Pathetism
Path"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. path\'82tisme.] See Mesmerism. L.
Sunderland.
Pathfinder
Path"find`er (?), n. One who discovers a way or path; one who explores
untraversed regions.
The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker. J. Burroughs.
Pathic
Path"ic (?), n. [L. pathicus, Gr. A male who submits to the crime
against nature; a catamite. [R.] B. Jonson.
Pathic
Path"ic, a. [Gr. Passive; suffering.
Pathless
Path"less (?), a. Having no beaten path or way; untrodden;
impenetrable; as, pathless woods.
Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way. Milton.
Pathmaker
Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes a way or path.
Pathogene
Path"o*gene (?), n. [See Pathogenic.] (Biol.) One of a class of
virulent micro\'94rganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids
in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a
pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene.
Pathogenesis
Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Med.) Pathogeny.
Pathogenetic
Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Med.) Pathogenic.
Pathogenic
Path`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med. & Biol.) Of or pertaining to
pathogeny; producting disease; as, a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic
bacterium.
Pathogeny
Pa*thog"e*ny (?), n. (Med.) (a) The generation, and method of
development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow fever is
unsettled. (b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation
and development of disease.
Pathognomonic
Pa*thog`no*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.)
Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with
certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom.
The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy. Arbuthnot.
Pathognomy
Pa*thog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. Expression of the passions; the science of
the signs by which human passions are indicated.
Pathologic, Pathological
Path`o*log"ic (?), Path`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. pathologique.] Of or
pertaining to pathology. -- Path`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. <-- caused by
disease -->
Pathologist
Pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pathologiste.] One skilled in
pathology; an investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a
hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases.
Pathology
Pa*thol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Pathologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
pathologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of diseases, their
nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc.
NOTE: &hand; Pa thology is ge neral or sp ecial, ac cording as it
treats of disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular
diseases; it is also subdivided into internal and external, or
medical and surgical pathology. Its departments are nosology,
\'91tiology, morbid anatomy, symptomatology, and therapeutics,
which treat respectively of the classification, causation, organic
changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases.
Celluar pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the vital action
of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body. Virchow.
Pathop\'d2la
Path`o*p\'d2"la (?), n.; pl. -ias (#). [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.) A
speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion. Smart.
Pathos
Pa"thos (?), n. [L., from Gr. pati to suffer, E. patient.] That
quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites
emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such
as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action,
or expression; pathetic quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a
poem, or of a cry.
The combination of incident, and the pathos of catastrophe. T.
Warton.
Pathway
Path"way (?) n. A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also
used figuratively. Shak.
In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is
no death. Prov. xii. 28.
We tread the pathway arm in arm. Sir W. Scott.
Patible
Pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.] Sufferable;
tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey.
Patibulary
Pa*tib"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F. patibulaire.]
Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle.
Patibulated
Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a gallows. [R.]
Patience
Pa"tience (?), n. [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.]
1. The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with
fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain,
poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.
Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience and
long-suffering. Col. i. 11.
I must have patience to endure the load. Shak.
Who hath learned lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from
his cross. Keble.
2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due
or hoped for; forbearance.
Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 29.
3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance.
He learned with patience, and with meekness taught. Harte.
4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker.
They stay upon your patience. Shak.
5. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America
than in Europe; monk's rhubarb.
6. (Card Playing) Solitaire. Syn. -- Patience, Resignation. Patience
implies the quietness or self-possession of one's own spirit under
sufferings, provocations, etc.; resignation implies submission to the
will of another. The Stoic may have patience; the Christian should
have both patience and resignation.
Patient
Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p.pr. of pati to suffer.
Cf. Pathos, Passion.]
1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear.
Patient of severest toil and hardship. Bp. Fell.
2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or
fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble;
long-suffering.
3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as,
patient endeavor.
Whatever I have done is due to patient thought. Sir I. Newton.
4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not
overeager; composed.
Not patient to expect the turns of fate. Prior.
5. Forbearing; long-suffering.
Be patient toward all men. 1 Thess. v. 14.
Patient
Pa"tient, n.
1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient.
Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often
involves the agent and the patient. Gov. of Tongue.
2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to
physician or nurse.
Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever.
Sir P. Sidney.
In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in
a hospital or an infirmary. -- Out patient, one who receives advice
and medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary.
Patient
Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam."
Shak.
Patiently
Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient manner. Cowper.
Patin, Patine
Pat"in (?), Pat"ine, n. A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of
bright gold." Shak.
Patina
Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf.
Paten.]
1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.
2. (Fine Arts) The color or incrustation which age gives to works of
art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins,
and medals. Fairholt.
Patio
Pa"ti*o (?), n. [Sp., a court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor where
ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are
trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pa tioprocess is us ed to reduce silver ores by
amalgamation.
Patly
Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly; seasonably. Barrow.
Patness
Pat"ness, n. Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness;
convenience.
The description with equal patness may suit both. Barrow.
Patois
Pa`tois" (?), n. [F.] A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a
provincial form of speech.
The jargon and patois of several provinces. Sir T. Browne.
Patonce
Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.) Having
the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; -- said of a
cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross.
Patrial
Pa"tri*al (?), a. [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater father.]
(Lat. Gram.) Derived from the name of a country, and designating an
inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A patrial
noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial
nouns, or patrials. Andrews.
Patriarch
Pa"tri*arch (?), n. [F. patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. Father,
Archaic.]
1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or
descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families
in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those
who lived before the time of Moses.
2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary superior to the order of
archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of
Antioch.
3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively.
The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet.
Longfellow.
The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. Dryde.
Patriarchal
Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. patriarcal.]
1. Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or
subject to, patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a
patriarchal see; a patriarchal church.
2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.
About whose patriarchal knee Late the little children clung.
Tennyson.
3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of society and government in which
the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations.
Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected
by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust.
(2) of Cross. -- Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation
under which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.
Patriarchate
Pa`tri*ar"chate (?), n. [Cf. F. patriarcat.]
1. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor.
2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.
3. (Ethnol.) A patriarchal form of government or society. See
Patriarchal, a., 3.
Patriarchdom
Pa"tri*arch*dom (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch;
patriarchate. [R.]
Patriarchic
Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L. patriarchicus, Gr. Patriarchal.
Patriarchism
Pa"tri*arch*ism (?), n. Government by a patriarch, or the head of a
family.
Patriarchship
Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A patriarchate. Ayliffe.
Patriarchy
Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr.
1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship. Brerewood.
2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.
Patrician
Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl.
of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or
senators, or patricians.
2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth;
noble; not plebeian.
Born in the patrician file of society. Sir W. Scott.
His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addison.
Patrician
Pa*tri"cian, n. [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) Originally, a member of any of the families
constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before
the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of
birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.
2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.
3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in
patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.
Patricianism
Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The rank or character of patricians.
Patriciate
Pa*tri"ci*ate (?), n. The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the
office of patriarch. Milman.
Patricidal
Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.
Patricide
Pat*ri"cide (?), n. [L. pater father + caedere to kill. Cf.
Parricide.]
1. The murderer of his father.
2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.
Patrimonial
Pat`ri*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L.patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.] Of or
pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial
estate.
Patrimonially
Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By inheritance.
Patrimony
Pat"ri*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Patrimonies (#). [L. patrimonium, fr. pater
father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.]
1. A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger
sense, from any ancestor. "'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak.
2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley.
Patriot
Pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto; all
fr. Gr. Father.] One who loves his country, and zealously supports its
authority and interests. Bp. Hall.
Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws. Pope.
Patriot
Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.
Patriotic
Pa`tri*ot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr. Inspired by patriotism;
actuated by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted
to the service of one's country; as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance.
Patriotical
Pa`tri*ot"ic*al (?), a. Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. --
Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.
Patriotism
Pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion
to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot;
the passion which inspires one to serve one's country. Berkley.
Patripassian
Pa`tri*pas"sian (?), n. [LL. Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father +
pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a
body of believers in the early church who denied the independent
pre\'89xistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that
the Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism
(#), n.
Patrist
Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in patristics.
Patristic, Patristical
Pa*tris"tic (?), Pa*tris"tic*al (?), a. [F. patristique. See
Paternal.] Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.
The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology.
I. Taylor.
Patristics
Pa*tris"tics (?), n. That departnent of historical theology which
treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.
Patrizate
Pa"tri*zate (?), v. i. [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr. To imitate
one's father. [R.]
Patrocinate
Pa*troc"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. patrocinatus, p.p. of patrocinari to
patronize, fr. patronus patron.] To support; to patronize. [Obs.]
Urquhart.
Patrocination
Pa*troc`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of patrocinating or patronizing.
[Obs.] "Patrocinations of treason." Bp. Hall.
Patrociny
Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.] See Patrocination.
Patrol
Pa*trol" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Patrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patrolling.] [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw
about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat,
v.] To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police
district or beat.
Patrol
Pa*trol" (?), v.t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or
policeman; as, to patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.
Patrol
Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and
between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four
men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts. (b) A
movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to
explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts.
(c) The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment
whose duty it is to patrol.
2. Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it;
also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol.
In France there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal
regulations. A. Hamilton.
Patrole
Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See Patrol, n. & v.
Patrolman
Pa*trol"man (?), n.; pl. Patrolmen (. One who patrols; a watchman;
especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or
city.
Patron
Pa"tron (?), n. [F., fr. L. patronus, fr. pater a father. See
Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.]
1. One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender. "Patron of
my life and liberty." Shak. "The patron of true holiness." Spenser.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master who had freed his slave, but still
retained some paternal rights over him. (b) A man of distinction under
whose protection another person placed himself. (c) An advocate or
pleader.
Let him who works the client wrong Beware the patron's ire.
Macaulay.
3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a
furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art.
4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]
5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron saint.
6. (Naut.) See Padrone, 2.
Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See Granger, 2.
Patron
Pa"tron, v. t. To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.
Patron
Pa"tron, a. Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection;
tutelary. Dryden. Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the
peculiar protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc.,
or of an individual.
Patronage
Pa"tron*age (?), n. [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L.
patronatus.]
1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid,
afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters;
patronage given to an author.
2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant]
3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison.
4. The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices,
contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.
5. (Eng. Law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical
benefice; advowson. Blackstone.
Patronage
Pa"tron*age, v. t. To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend.
[Obs.] Shak.
Patronal
Pa"tron*al (?), a. [L. patronalis; cf. F. patronal.] Patron;
protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Patronate
Pa"tron*ate (?), n. [L. patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron;
patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev.
Patroness
Pa"tron*ess (?), n. [Cf. F. patronnesse.] A female patron or helper.
Spenser.
Night, best patroness of grief. Milton.
Patronization
Pa`tron*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of patronizing; patronage; support.
[R.]
Patronize
Pa"tron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patronizing (?).]
1. To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to
aid.
The idea has been patronized by two States only. A. Hamilton.
2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial
Cant]
3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector,
toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's
equals.
Patronizer
Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who patronizes.
Patronizing
Pa"tron*i`zing (?), a. Showing condescending favor; assuming the
manner of airs of a superior toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly,
adv. Thackeray.
Patronless
Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute of a patron.
Patronomayology
Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. onomatology.] That branch of
knowledge which deals with personal names and their origin; the study
of patronymics.
Patronymic
Pa`tro*nym"ic (?), a. [L. patronymicus, Gr. patronymique.] Derived
from ancestors; as, a patronymic denomination.
Patronymic
Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. [Gr. A modification of the father's name borne by
the son; a name derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as,
Pelides, the son of Peleus; Johnson, the son of John; Macdonald, the
son of Donald; Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of a
family; the family name. M. A. Lower.
Patronymical
Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same as Patronymic.
Patroon
Pa*troon" (?), n. [D. patroon a patron, a protector. See Patron.] One
of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges
and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and
New Jersey.
Patroonship
Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a patroon. Irving.
Patt\'82, Pattee
Pat`t\'82" (?), Pat*tee" (?), a. [F. patt\'82, fem. patt\'82e, fr.
patte paw, foot. Cf. Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the inner, and very
broad at the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; -- said of
a cross. See Illust. (8) of Cross. [Written also pat\'82, patee.]
Pattemar
Pat"te*mar (?), n. See Patamar.
Patten
Pat"ten (?), n. [F. patin a high-heeled shoe, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf.
Panton, Patt\'82.]
1. A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring, worn to
raise the feet from the wet or the mud.
The patten now supports each frugal dame. Gay.
2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Pattened
Pat"ten*ed (?), a. Wearing pattens. "Some pattened girl." Jane Austen.
Patter
Pat"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pattering.] [Freq. of pat to strike gently.]
1. To strike with a quick succession of slight, sharp sounds; as,
pattering rain or hail; pattering feet.
The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard. Thomson.
2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter with the lips. Tyndale. [In
this sense, and in the following, perh. from paternoster.]
3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue. [Colloq.]
I've gone out and pattered to get money. Mayhew.
Patter
Pat"ter, v. t.
1. To spatter; to sprinkle. [R.] "And patter the water about the
boat." J. R. Drake.
2. [See Patter, v. i., 2.] To mutter; as prayers.
[The hooded clouds] patter their doleful prayers. Longfellow.
To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant. [Slang]
Patter
Pat"ter, n.
1. A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain; the
patter of little feet.
2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.
3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies' patter.
Patterer
Pat"ter*er (?), n. One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a
street peddler. [Cant, Eng.]
Pattern
Pat"tern (?), n. [OE. patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a pattern.
See Patron.]
1. Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that
which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a pattern
of a machine.
I will be the pattern of all patience. Shak.
2. A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a
sample; an example; an instance.
He compares the pattern with the whole piece. Swift.
3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern.
4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a
beautiful pattern.
5. Something made after a model; a copy. Shak.
The patterns of things in the heavens. Heb. ix. 23.
6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming
objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern.
7. (Founding) A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made,
to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several
parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it. <-- a
definable characteristic relationship between the members of any set
of objects or actions; also, the set having a definable relationship
between its members. Thus: the distribution of bomb or shell impacts
on a target area, or of bullet holes in a target; a set of traits or
actions that appear to be consistent throughout the members of a group
or over time within a group, as behavioral pattern, traffic pattern,
dress pattern -->
Pattern box, chain, OR cylinder (Figure Weaving), devices, in a loom,
for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession
for forming the figure. -- Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a
card. (b) (Weaving) One of the perforated cards in a Jacquard
apparatus. -- Pattern reader, one who arranges textile patterns. --
Pattern wheel (Horology), a count-wheel.
Pattern
Pat"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patterned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patterning.]
1. To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that
serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate. Milton.
[A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. Sir
T. Herbert.
2. To serve as an example for; also, to parallel.
To pattern after, to imitate; to follow.
Patty
Pat"ty (?), n.; pl. Patties (#). [F. p\'83t\'82. See Pasty.] A little
pie.
Pattypan
Pat"ty*pan` (?), n.
1. A pan for baking patties.
2. A patty. [Obs.]
Patulous
Pat"u*lous (?), a. [L. patulus, fr. patere to be open, extend.] Open;
expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or dispersed; as,
a patulous calyx; a patulous cluster of flowers.
The eyes are large and patulous. Sir J. Hill.
Pau
Pau (?), n. See Pah.
Pauciloquent
Pau*cil"o*quent (?), a. Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.]
Pauciloquy
Pau*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L. pauciloquium; paucus little + loqui to
speak.] Brevity in speech. [R.]
Paucispiral
Pau`ci*spi"ral (?), a. [L. paucus few + E. spiral.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
few spirals, or whorls; as, a paucispiral operculum or shell.
Paucity
Pau"ci*ty (?), n. [L. paucitas, fr. paucus few, little: cf. F.
paucit\'82 See Few.]
1. Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity. Hooker.
Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the paucity, and the
incompleteness, of its communications. I. Taylor.
2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; as, paucity of
blood. Sir T. Browne.
Paugie, Paugy
Pau"gie, Pau"gy (?), n.; pl. Paugies (#). [Corrupted from Amer. Indian
mishcuppauog. See Scup.] (Zo\'94l.) The scup. See Porgy, and Scup.
Pauhaugen
Pau*hau"gen (?), n. [North Amer. Indian.] (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden; --
called also poghaden.
Paul
Paul (?), n. See Pawl.
Paul
Paul, n. An Italian silver coin. See Paolo.
Pauldron
Paul"dron (?), n. [See Powldron.] (Mil. Antiq.) A piece of armor
covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece.
Paulian, Paulianist
Pau"li*an (?), Pau"li*an*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Paul
of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the third century, who was deposed
for denying the divinity of Christ.
Paulician
Pau"li*cian (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect
of Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century.
They rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1053
Paulin
Pau"lin (?), n. (Naut.) See Tarpaulin.
Pauline
Pau"line (?), a. [L. Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.] Of or pertaining to
the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the
writings of Paul; as, the Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine.
My religion had always been Pauline. J. H. Newman.
Paulist
Paul"ist (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of The Institute of the
Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the
Rev. I. T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were
formerly Protestants.
Paulownia
Pau*low"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named from the Russian princess Anna
Pavlovna.] (Bot.) A genus of trees of the order Scrophulariace\'91,
consisting of one species, Paulownia imperialis.
NOTE: &hand; Th e tr ee is na tive to Ja pan, an d ha s im mense
heart-shaped leaves, and large purplish flowers in panicles. The
capsules contain many little winged seeds, which are beautiful
microscopic objects. The tree is hardy in America as far north as
Connecticut.
Paum
Paum (?), v. t. & i. [See Palm to cheat.] To palm off by fraud; to
cheat at cards. [Obs.] Swift.
Paunce
Paunce (?), n. [See Pansy.] (Bot.) The pansy. "The pretty paunce."
Spenser.
Paunch
Paunch (?), n. [OF. panch, pance, F. panse, L. pantex, panticis.]
1. (Anat.) The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first
stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen.
2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also panch.
3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper.
Paunch mat (Naut.), a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to
prevent the yard or rigging from chafing.
Paunch
Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paunching.]
1. To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Shak.
2. To stuff with food. [Obs.] Udall.
Paunchy
Paunch"y (?), a. Pot-bellied. [R.] Dickens.
Paune
Paune (?), n. A kind of bread. See Pone.
Pauper
Pau"per (?), n. [L. See Poor.] A poor person; especially, one
development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively; as,
pouper immigrants, pouper labor.
Pauperism
Pau"per*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. paup\'82risme.] The state of being a
pauper; the state of indigent persons requiring support from the
community. Whatly. Syn. -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need;
destitution. See Poverty.
Pauperization
Pau`per*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of reducing to pauperism.
C. Kingsley.
Pauperize
Pau"per*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pauperized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pauperizing (?).] To reduce to pauperism; as, to pauperize the
peasantry.
Pauropoda
Pau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
small myriapods having only nine pairs of legs and destitute of
trache\'91.
Pause
Pause (?), n. [F., fr. L. pausa. See Pose.]
1. A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption;
suspension; cessation.
2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt.
I stand in pause where I shall first begin. Shak.
3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of
voice, to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their
parts.
4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of
an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the
pupil to mind the pauses.
5. A break or paragraph in writing.
He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those
partitions and pauses which men educated in schools observe. Locke.
6. (Mus.) A hold. See 4th Hold, 7. Syn. -- Stop; cessation;
suspension.
Pause
Pause, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pausing.] [Cf.
F. pauser, L. pausare. See Pause, n., Pose.]
1. To make a short stop; to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or
acting; to stop; to wait; to rest. "Tarry, pause a day or two." Shak.
Pausing while, thus to herself she mused. Milton.
2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music pauses.
3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay. [R.]
Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture. Shak.
<-- is this anti-semitic or what? -->
4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect. [R.]
"Take time to pause." Shak.
To pause upon, to deliberate concerning. Shak. Syn. -- To intermit;
stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur.
Pause
Pause, v. t. To cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively. [R.] Shak.
Pauser
Paus"er (?), n. One who pauses. Shak.
Pausingly
Paus"ing*ly, adv. With pauses; haltingly. Shak.
Pauxi
Paux"i (?), n. [From the native name: cf. Sp. pauji.] (Zo\'94l.) A
curassow (Ourax pauxi), which, in South America, is often
domesticated.
Pavage
Pav"age (?), n. [Cf. F. pavage.] See Pavage. [R.]
Pavan
Pav"an (?), n. [F. pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp. pavon, pavo,
a peacock, L. pavo.] A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full
state costume is worn; -- so called from the resemblance of its
movements to those of the peacock. [Written also pavane, paven,
pavian, and pavin.]
Pav\'82
Pa`v\'82" (?), n. [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.] The pavement.
Nymphe du pav\'82 ([A low euphemism.]
Pave
Pave (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] [F.
paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L. pavire to beat, ram, or tread down;
cf. Gr.
1. To lay or cover with stone, brick, or other material, so as to make
a firm, level, or convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons
on foot, to travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other solid
material; as, to pave a street; to pave a court.<-- for vehicles -->
With silver paved, and all divine with gold. Dryden.
To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways. Gay.
2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way;
as, to pave the way to promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise.
It might open and pave a prepared way to his own title. Bacon.
Pavement
Pave"ment (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See Pave.]
That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid
material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel;
a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or
colored bricks.
The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton.
Pavement teeth (Zo\'94l.), flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as
the skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in
a pavement.
Pavement
Pave"ment, v. t. To furnish with a pavement; to pave. [Obs.] "How
richly pavemented!" Bp. Hall.
Paven
Pav"en (?), n. See Pavan.
Paver
Pav"er (?), n. One who paves; one who lays a pavement. [Written also
pavier and pavior.]
Pavesade
Pav`e*sade" (?), n. [F. See Pavise.] A canvas screen, formerly
sometimes extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement,
to conceal from the enemy the operations on board.
Pavese, Pavesse
Pa*vese" (?), Pa*vesse" (?), n. Pavise. [Obs.]
Paviage
Pa"vi*age (?), n. (Law) A contribution or a tax for paving streets or
highways. Bouvier.
Pavian
Pav"i*an (?), n. See Pavan.
Pavid
Pav"id (?), a. [L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.] Timid; fearful.
[R.] Thackeray.
Pavidity
Pa*vid"i*ty (?), n. Timidity. [R.]
Pavier
Pav"ier (?), n. A paver.
Paviiv
Pa"vi*iv (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in species of the genus
Pavia of the Horse-chestnut family.
Pavilion
Pa*vil"ion (?), n. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a
tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]
1. A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a
tent raised on posts. "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions."
Shak.
2. (Arch.) A single body or mass of building, contained within simple
walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden
of a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle
or central feature of a large pile.
3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or banner.
4. (Her.) Same as Tent (Her.)
5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet.
See Illust. of Brilliant.
6. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of
the Fallopian tube.
7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky.
The pavilion of heaven is bare. Shelley.
Pavilion
Pa*vil"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pavilioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pavilioning.] To furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or
tents.
The field pavilioned with his guardians bright. Milton.
Pavin
Pav"in (?), n. See Pavan.
Paving
Pav"ing (?), n.
1. The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place
with a pavement.
2. A pavement.
Pavior
Pav"ior (?), n.
1. One who paves; a paver.
2. A rammer for driving paving stones.
3. A brick or slab used for paving.
Pavise
Pa*vise (?), n. [OF. pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It. pavese, LL. pavense;
perh. named from Pavia in Italy.] (Mil. Antiq.) A large shield
covering the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who sometimes screened
also an archer with it. [Written also pavais, pavese, and pavesse.]
Fairholt.
Pavisor
Pa*vis"or (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A soldier who carried a pavise.
Pavo
Pa"vo (?), n. [L., a peacock. See Peacock.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds, including the peacocks.
2. (Astron.) The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere.
Pavon
Pa"von (?), n. A small triangular flag, esp. one attached to a
knight's lance; a pennon.
Pavone
Pa*vone" (?), n. [Cf. It. pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L. pavo.] (Zo\'94l.)
A peacock. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pavonian
Pa*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a peacock. [R.] Southey.
Pavonine
Pav"o*nine (?), a. [L. pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See Peacock.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.
2. Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as
in colors; iridescent. P. Cleaveland.
Paw
Paw (?), n. [OE. pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf. patte, LG. pote, D. poot, G.
pfote.]
1. The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc.
2. The hand. [Jocose] Dryden.
Paw clam (Zo\'94l.), the tridacna; -- so called because shaped like an
animal's paw.
Paw
Paw, v. i. To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape
with the forefoot. Job xxxix. 21.
Paw
Paw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawing.]
1. To pass the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to
handle fondly or rudely.
2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot.
His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane. Tickell.
Pawk
Pawk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small lobster. Travis.
Pawky
Paw"ky (?), a. [Cf. AS. p\'91cean to deceive.] Arch; cunning; sly.
[Scot.] Jamieson.
Pawl
Pawl (?), n. [W. pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a stake.] (Mach.) A
pivoted tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to
fall into notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a
ratchet wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction
and prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or
detent. See Illust. of Ratchet Wheel. [Written also paul, or pall.]
Pawl bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass, to receive
the strain of the pawls. -- Pawl rim OR ring (Naut.), a stationary
metallic ring surrounding the base of a capstan, having notches for
the pawls to catch in.
Pawl
Pawl, v. t. To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off. To pawl the
capstan. See under Capstan.
Pawn
Pawn (?), n. See Pan, the masticatory.
Pawn
Pawn, n. [OE. paune, poun, OF. peon, poon, F. pion, LL. pedo a foot
soldier, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Pioneer, Peon.]
(Chess) A man or piece of the lowest rank.
Pawn
Pawn, n. [OF. pan pledge, assurance, skirt, piece, F. pan skirt,
lappet, piece, from L. pannus. See Pane.]
1. Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the payment of
money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See Pledge, n., 1.
As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take pawns without
use [i.e., interest]. Bacon.
2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.
[R.]
Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown. Shak.
As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening fatness. Donne.
3. A stake hazarded in a wager. [Poetic]
My life I never held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies.
Shak.
In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my honor
is at pawn." Shak. -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker
for an article pledged.
Pawn
Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawning.]
1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of
money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch.<--
= to hock (colloq.) -->
And pawned the last remaining piece of plate. Dryden.
2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to
wager; to hazard.
Pawning his honor to obtain his lust. Shak.
Pawnable
Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of being pawned.
Pawnbroker
Pawn"bro`ker (?), n. One who makes a business of lending money on the
security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.
Pawnbroking
Pawn"bro`king, n. The business of a pawnbroker.
Pawnee
Pawn*ee" (?), n. (Law) One or two whom a pledge is delivered as
security; one who takes anything in pawn.
Pawnees
Paw`nees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Pawnee (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians
(called also Loups) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte
river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often
used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees
and Wichitas. Called also Pani.
Pawner, Pawnor
Pawn"er (?), Pawn*or" (?), n. (Law) One who pawns or pledges anything
as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt.
Pawpaw
Paw`paw" (?), n. (Bot.) See Papaw.
Pax
Pax (?), n. [L. pax peace. See Peace.]
1. (Eccl.) The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now
substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A tablet or board, on which is a representation of
Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass,
was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in medi\'91val times;
an osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.
Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors. Chapman.
Paxillose
Pax"il*lose` (?), a. [L. paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.) Resembling a
little stake.
Paxillus
Pax*il"lus (?), n.; pl. Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a
peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of certain starfishes.
They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit which is covered with
minute spinules or granules. See Illustration in Appendix.
Paxwax
Pax"wax` (?), n. [For faxvax, fr. AS. fea hair (akin to OHG. fahs) +
weaxan to grow. See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.] (Anat.)
The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects
the back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebr\'91,
and helps to support the head. Called also paxywaxy and packwax.
Paxywaxy
Pax"y*wax`y (?), n. (Anat.) See Paxwax.
Pay
Pay (?), v. t. [OF. peier, fr. L. picare to pitch, i pitch: cf. OF.
peiz pitch, F. poix. See Pitch a black substance.] (Naut.) To cover,
as bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or
waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.
Pay
Pay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paying.] [OE.
paien, F. payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease, fr. pax, pacis,
peace. See Peace.]
1. To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person)
for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's
obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to
recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants.
May no penny ale them pay [i. e., satisfy]. P. Plowman.
[She] pays me with disdain. Dryden.
2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to
merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon.
For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you. B. Jonson.
3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing
what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the
person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money
owed). "Pay me that thou owest." Matt. xviii. 28.
Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 26.
If they pay this tax, they starve. Tennyson.
4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as
that which has been promised.
This day have I paid my vows. Prov. vii. 14.
5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation; as, to pay
attention; to pay a visit.
Not paying me a welcome. Shak.
To pay off. (a) To make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off
the crew of a ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to
unwind. -- To pay one's duty, to render homage, as to a sovereign or
other superior. -- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out; hence, to slacken;
to allow to run out; as, to pay out more cable. See under Cable. -- To
pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble. [Colloq.]
Pay
Pay (?), v. i. To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or
satisfaction; to discharge a debt.
The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again. Ps. xxxvii. 21.
2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to
be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains
required; as, it will pay to ride; it will pay to wait; politeness
always pays.
To pay for. (a) To make amends for; to atone for; as, men often pay
for their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with
life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be
mulcted on account of.
'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your wakings. Beau. & Fl.
-- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the
head of a vessel under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol. uncertain.] To
beat with vigor; to redouble blows. [Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's head.
Pay
Pay, n.
1. Satisfaction; content. Chaucer.
2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services
performed; salary or wages for work or service; compensation;
recompense; payment; hire; as, the pay of a clerk; the pay of a
soldier.
Where only merit constant pay receives. Pope.
There is neither pay nor plunder to be got. L'Estrange.
Full pay, the whole amount of wages or salary; maximum pay;
especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or military officers
of a certain rank, without deductions. -- Half pay. See under Half. --
Pay day, the day of settlement of accounts. -- Pay dirt (Mining),
earth which yields a profit to the miner. [Western U.S.] -- Pay
office, a place where payment is made. -- Pay roll, a roll or list of
persons entitled to payment, with the amounts due.<-- (b) the total
sum of money which is paid to all employees on payday -->
Payable
Pay"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. payable. Cf. Pacable.]
1. That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due.
Drayton.
Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest. South.
2. (Law) (a) That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value.
(b) Matured; now due.
Payee
Pay*ee" (?), n. The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid;
the person named in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the
amount is promised or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange, under
Bill.
Payen
Pay"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [F.] [Obs.] Chaucer.
Payer
Pay"er (?), n. One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill
or note has been, or should be, paid.
Paymaster
Pay"mas`ter (?), n. One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or
requites; specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a
corporation, or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages,
etc., and keep account of the same.
Payment
Pay"ment (?), n. [F. payment, paiement. See Pay to requite.]
1. The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt
or an obligation.
No man envieth the payment of a debt. Bacon.
2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an
obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense;
requital; return. Shak.
3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.]
Payn
Payn (?), n. [OF. & F. pain, fr. L. panis bread.] Bread. Having Piers
Plowman.
Payndemain
Payn`de*main" (?), n. [OF. pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly, own,
private. See Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so called from the figure
of our Lord impressed upon it.] The finest and whitest bread made in
the Middle Ages; -- called also paynemain, payman. [Obs.]
Paynim
Pay"nim (?), n & a. See Painim.
Paynize
Payn"ize (?), v. t. [From Mr. Payne, the inventor.] To treat or
preserve, as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing.
Payor
Pay*or" (?), n. (Law) See Payer. [R.]
Payse
Payse (?), v. t. To poise. [Obs.] Spenser.
Paytine
Pay"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from a white bark
resembling that of the cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru.
Pea
Pea (?), n. [OF. peis. See Poise.] The sliding weight on a steelyard.
[Written also pee.]
Pea
Pea, n. (Naut.) See Peak, n., 3.
Pea
Pea, n.; pl. Peas (#) or Pease (#). [OE. pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF.
peis, F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. s was misunderstood in
English as a plural ending. Cf. Pease.]
1. (Bot.) A plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many
varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower,
and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod.
NOTE: &hand; Wh en a definite number, more than one, is spoken of,
the plural form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but,
in a collective sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of
pease; they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not always
preserved, the form peas being used in both senses.
2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of
several leguminous plants (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.)
esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of
the seed.
NOTE: &hand; Th e na me pea is given to many leguminous plants more
or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below.
Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed
pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sph\'91rospermus and its seed. --
Butterfly pea, the American plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy
blossoms. -- Chick pea. See Chick-pea. -- Egyptian pea. Same as
Chick-pea. -- Everlasting pea. See under Everlasting. -- Glory pea.
See under Glory, n. -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia;
goat's rue. -- Issue pea, Orris pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and
Orris. -- Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a kind of a
coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped;
often used adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Pea weevil. -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal.
-- Pea crab (Zo\'94l.), any small crab of the genus Pinnotheres,
living as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species (P.
pisum) which lives in the common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove
(Zo\'94l.), the American ground dove. -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a
suborder (Papilionace\'91) of leguminous plants having blossoms
essentially like that of the pea. G. Bentham. -- Pea maggot
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix pisi), which is very
destructive to peas. -- Pea ore (Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron,
occurring in round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea
starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used
in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. -- Pea tree (Bot.), the name
of several leguminous shrubs of the genus Caragana, natives of Siberia
and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any plant which bears peas. (b) A
kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States (Lathyrus
Americana, and other similar species). -- Pea weevil (Zo\'94l.), a
small weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by eating out the
interior. -- Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet pea (Bot.),
the annual plant Lathyrus odoratus; also, its many-colored,
sweet-scented blossoms.
Peabird
Pea"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck; -- so called from its note.
[Prov. Eng.]
Peabody bird
Pea"bod*y bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) An American sparrow (Zonotrichia
albicollis) having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative
of its note. Called also White-throated sparrow.
Peace
Peace (?), n. [OE. pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. paix, L. pax,
pacis, akin to pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to make an agreement, and
prob. also pangere to fasten. Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay, v., Fang,
Pacify, Pact, Pay to requite.] A state of quiet or tranquillity;
freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose; specifically: (a)
Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies. (b) Public
quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law. (c) Exemption from,
or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or
conscience. (d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony;
concord. "The eternal love and pees." Chaucer.
NOTE: &hand; Pe ace is so metimes us ed as an ex clamation in
commanding silence, quiet, or order. "Peace! foolish woman."
Shak. At peace, in a state of peace. -- Breach of the peace. See under
Breach. -- Justice of the peace. See under Justice. -- Peace of God.
(Law) (a) A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state
of peace and good conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of heart which is
the gift of God. -- Peace offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A voluntary
offering to God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly
communion with Him. (b) A gift or service offered as satisfaction to
an offended person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer whose duty it is
to preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or
constable. -- To hold one's peace, to be silent; to refrain from
speaking. -- To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with, to plead
one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. "I will make
your peace with him." Shak.
Peace
Peace, v. t. & i. To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.]
"Peace your tattlings." Shak.
When the thunder would not peace at my bidding. Shak.
Peaceable
Peace"a*ble (?), a. [OE. peisible, F. paisible.] Begin in or at peace;
tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war, disorder, or
excitement; not quarrelsome. -- Peace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Peace"a*bly,
adv. Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed;
serene; still. -- Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state
of an individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility,
attack, etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal disturbance. The former
denotes "in the spirit of peace;" latter; "in the possession or
enjoyment of peace." A peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a
peaceful life, scene.
Peacebreaker
Peace"break`er (?), n. One who disturbs the public peace. --
Peace"break`ing, n.
Peaceful
Peace"ful (?), a.
1. Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by war, tumult,
agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a peaceful
time; a peaceful country; a peaceful end.
2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific; mild;
calm; peaceable; as, peaceful words. Syn. -- See Peaceable.
--Peace"ful*ly, adv.. -- Peace"ful*ness, n.
Peaceless
Peace"less, a. Without peace; disturbed. Sandys.
Peacemaker
Peace"mak`er (?), n. One who makes peace by reconciling parties that
are at variance. Matt. v. 9. --Peace"mak`ing, n.
Peach
Peach (?), v. t. [See Appeach, Impeach.] To accuse of crime; to inform
against. [Obs.] Foxe.
Peach
Peach, v. i. To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice. [Obs. or
Colloq.]
If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this. Shak.
Peach
Peach (?), n. [OE. peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F. p\'88che, fr. LL.
persia, L. Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. Persian,
and Parsee.] (Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing
one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the
tree which bears it (Prunus, OR Amygdalus Persica). In the wild stock
the fruit is hard and inedible. Guinea, OR Sierra Leone, peach, the
large edible berry of the Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous
climbing shrub of west tropical Africa. -- Palm peach, the fruit of a
Venezuelan palm tree (Bactris speciosa). -- Peach color, the pale red
color of the peach blossom. -- Peach-tree borer (Zo\'94l.), the larva
of a clearwing moth (\'92geria, OR Sannina, exitiosa) of the family
\'92geriid\'91, which is very destructive to peach trees by boring in
the wood, usually near the ground; also, the moth itself. See Illust.
under Borer.
Peach-colored
Peach"-col`ored (?), a. Of the color of a peach blossom.
"Peach-colored satin." Shak.
Peacher
Peach"er (?), n. One who peaches. [Low] Foxe.
Peachick
Pea"chick` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chicken of the peacock.
Peachy
Peach"y (?), a. Resembling a peach or peaches.
Peacock
Pea"cock` (?), n. [OE. pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS. pe\'a0,
p\'bewa, peacock, fr. L. pavo, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr.
t\'beus, t\'bewus, Ar. t\'bewu. See Cock the bird.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The male of any pheasant of the genus Pavo, of which at
least two species are known, native of Southern Asia and the East
Indies.
NOTE: &hand; Th e upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of
erection, are each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric
bands of brilliant blue, green, and golden colors. The common
domesticated species is Pavo cristatus. The Javan peacock (P.
muticus) is more brilliantly colored than the common species.
2. In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a peafowl.
Peacock butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a handsome European butterfly (Hamadryas
Io) having ocelli like those of peacock. -- Peacock fish (Zo\'94l.),
the European blue-striped wrasse (Labrus variegatus); -- so called on
account of its brilliant colors. Called also cook wrasse and cook. --
Peacock pheasant (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of handsome
Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They resemble the peacock
in color.
Peafowl
Pea"fowl` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The peacock or peahen; any
species of Pavo.
Peage
Pe"age (?), n. See Paage.
Peagrit
Pea"grit` (?), n. (Min.) A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite.
Peahen
Pea"hen` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The hen or female peafowl.
Pea-jacket
Pea"-jack`et (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse
woolen stuff.] A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by
sailors in cold weather.
Peak
Peak (?), n. [OE. pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. peac a
sharp-pointed thing. Cf. Pike.]
1. A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a
point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap. "Run your beard into a peak."
Beau. & Fl.
2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending
in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; as,
the Peak of Teneriffe.
Silent upon a peak in Darien. Keats.
3. (Naut.) (a) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; --
used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc. (b)
The narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it. (c) The
extremity of an anchor fluke; the bill. [In the last sense written
also pea and pee.]
Fore peak. (Naut.) See under Fore.
Peak
Peak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peaking.]
1. To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a
peak.
There peaketh up a mighty high mount. Holand.
2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or
sicky. "Dwindle, peak, and pine." Shak.
3. [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep slyly. Shak.
Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or Gothic arch.
Peak
Peak, v. t. (Naut.) To raise to a position perpendicular, or more
nearly so; as, to peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff or
yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.
Peaked
Peaked (?), a.
1. Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked roof.
2. (Oftener Sickly; not robust. [Colloq.]
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1055
Peaking
Peak"ing (?), a.
1. Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar]
2. Pining; sickly; peakish. [Colloq.]
Peakish
Peak"ish, a.
1. Of or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous
region. "Her peakish spring." Drayton. "His peakish dialect." Bp.
Hall.
2. Having peaks; peaked.
3. Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly.
[Colloq.]
Peaky
Peak"y (?), a.
1. Having a peak or peaks. Tennyson.
2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.]
Peal
Peal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A small salmon; a grilse;
a sewin. [Prov. Eng.]
Peal
Peal, v. i. To appeal. [Obs.] Spencer.
Peal
Peal, n. [An abbrev. of F. appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr.
appeller to call, L. appellare. See Appeal.]
1. A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder,
cannon, shouts, of a multitude, etc. "A fair peal of artillery."
Hayward.
Whether those peals of praise be his or no. Shak.
And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar. Byron.
2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale;
also, the changes rung on a set of bells.
To ring a peal. See under Ring.
Peal
Peal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pealing.]
1. To utter or give out loud sounds.
There let the pealing organ blow. Milton.
2. To resound; to echo.
And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men. Longfellow.
Peal
Peal, v. t.
1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to
noise abroad.
The warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of
fame. J. Barlow.
2. To assail with noise or loud sounds.
Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton.
3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Pean
Pean (?), n. [OF. pene, F. panne.] (Her.) One of the furs, the ground
being sable, and the spots or tufts or.
Pean
Pe"an (?), n. A song of praise and triumph. See P\'91an.
Peanism
Pe"an*ism (?), n. [Gr. The song or shout of praise, of battle, or of
triumph. [R.]
Peanut
Pea"nut (?), n. (Bot.) The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant
(Arachis hypog\'91a); also, the plant itself, which is widely
cultivated for its fruit.
NOTE: &hand; Th e fr uit is a hard pod, usually containing two or
three seeds, sometimes but one, which ripen beneath the soil.
Called also earthnut, groundnut, and goober.
Pear
Pear (?), n. [OE. pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F. poire. Cf. Perry.]
(Bot.) The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus
communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also,
the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. Pear blight.
(a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing
a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect
(Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of the sap in
winter. A. J. Downing. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus
pyri) whose larv\'91 bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to
wither. -- Pear family (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants
(Pome\'91), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit,
and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple,
pear, quince, service berry, and hewthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics), a
kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; --
so called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel.
Pear shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula,
native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape. -- Pear slug
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the
foliage of the pear tree. <-- Illustr. of pear slug (Celandria cerasi)
-->
Pearch
Pearch (?), n. [Obs.] See Perch.
Pearl
Pearl (?), n. A fringe or border. [Obs.] -- v. t. To fringe; to
border. [Obs.] See Purl. Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch, under Purl.
Pearl
Pearl, n. [OE. perle, F. perle, LL. perla, perula, probably fr.
(assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl
to mantle.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a
brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between
the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the
pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves.
It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some
irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or
mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine
luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the
precious stones.
2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very
precious.
I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl. Shak.
And those pearls of dew she wears. Milton.
3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A light-colored tern.
6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a
deer's antler.
7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton.
8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid
for medicinal application, as ether.
9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond. \'b5 This line
is printed in the type called pearl.
Ground pearl. (Zo\'94l.) See under Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of
barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. -- Pearl diver, one
who dives for pearl oysters. -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on
the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging
to be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a
very pale and delicate blue-gray color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian
millet (Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen. -- Pearl
moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on
account of its pearly color. -- Pearl oyster (Zo\'94l.), any one of
several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus
Meleagrina, or Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at
Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the
Pacific coast of America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel.
-- Pearl powder. See Pearl white, below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the
form of small pearly grains. -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl
spar (Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly
luster. -- Pearl white. (a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth
subchloride; -- used chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white
lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.<-- cultured pearl, a pearl
grown by a pearl oyster into which a round pellet has been placed, to
serve as the seed for more predictable growth of the pearl. The pellet
is usually made from mother-of-pearl, and additional layers of nacre
are deposited onto the seed by the oyster. Such pearls, being more
easily obtained than natural pearls, are less expensive. -->
Pearl
Pearl (?), a. Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or
of mother-of-pearl.
Pearl
Pearl, v. t.
1. To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also
figuratively.
2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as,
to pearl barley.
Pearl
Pearl, v. i.
1. To resemble pearl or pearls.
2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling.
Pearlaceous
Pearl*a"ceous (?), a. Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in
quality or appearance.
Pearlash
Pearl"ash` (?), n. (Chem.) A white amorphous or granular substance
which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong
alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and
evaporating the lye, and has been an important source of potassium
compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc.
Pearl-eyed
Pearl"-eyed` (?), a. Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with
the cataract.
Pearlfish
Pearl"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish whose scales yield a
pearl-like pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as the
bleak, and whitebait.
Pearlins, Pearlings
Pearl"ins (?), Pearl"ings (?), n. pl. [Prob. a corruption of
purflings. See Purfle.] A kind of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.] Sir
W. Scott.
Pearlite, Pearlstone
Pearl"ite (?), Pearl"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A glassy volcanic rock of a
grayish color and pearly luster, often having a spherulitic
concretionary structure due to the curved cracks produced by
contraction in cooling. See Illust. under Perlitic.
Pearlwort
Pearl"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of Sagina,
low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family.
Pearly
Pearl"y (?), a.
1. Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls; as, pearly
shells. Milton.
2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent;
as, the pearly dew or flood.
Pearmain
Pear"main (?), n. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of apples; as, the
blue pearmain, winter pearmain, and red pearmain.
Pear-shaped
Pear"-shaped` (?), a. Of the form of a pear.
Peart
Peart (?), a. [A variant of pert, a.] Active; lively; brisk; smart; --
often applied to convalescents; as, she is quite peart to-day. [O.
Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray, As peart as
bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as flowers in May. Warner
(1592).
Peasant
Peas"ant (?), n. [OF. pa\'8bsant (the i being perh. due to confusion
with the p.pr. of verbs), pa\'8bsan, F. paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays
country, fr. L. pagus the country. See Pagan.] A countryman; a rustic;
especially, one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European
countries. Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.
Peasant
Peas"ant, a. Rustic, rural. Spenser.
Peasantlike
Peas"ant*like` (?), a. Rude; clownish; illiterate.
Peasantly
Peas"ant*ly, a. Peasantlike. [Obs.] Milton.
Peasantry
Peas"ant*ry (?), n.
1. Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. "A bold peasantry."
Goldsmith.
2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.] p. Butler.
Peascod
Peas"cod` (?), n. The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.
Pease
Pease (?), n.; obs.pl. Peases (#), Peasen (#). [See Pea.]
1. A pea. [Obs.] "A peose." "Bread . . . of beans and of peses." Piers
Plowman.
2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note under Pea.
Peastone
Pea"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Pisolite.
Peasweep
Peas"weep` (?), n. [So called from its note.] [Prov. Eng.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The pewit, or lapwing. (b) The greenfinch.
Peat
Peat (?), n. [Cf. Pet a fondling.] A small person; a pet; -- sometimes
used contemptuously. [Obs.] Shak.
Peat
Peat, n. [Prob. for beat, prop., material used to make the fire burn
better, fr. AS. b to better, mend (a fire), b advantage. See Better,
Boot advantage.] A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots
and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and found,
as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is
always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used
for fuel. Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in
such places; peat moss. -- Peat moss. (a) The plants which, when
decomposed, become peat. (b) A fen producing peat. (c) (Bot.) Moss of
the genus Sphagnum, which often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty
places. -- Peat reek, the reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the
peculiar flavor given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel.
[Scot.]
Peaty
Peat"y (?), a. Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.
Peba
Pe"ba (?), n. [Cf. Pg. peba.] (Zo\'94l.) An armadillo (Tatusia
novemcincta) which is found from Texas to Paraguay; -- called also
tatouhou.
Pebble
Peb"ble (?), n. [AS. papolst\'ben; cf. L. papula pimple, mote. See
Stone.]
1. A small roundish stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and
rounded by the action of water; a pebblestone. "The pebbles on the
hungry beach." Shak.
As children gathering pebbles on the shore. Milton.
2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as, Brazilian pebble; -- so
called by opticians.
Pebble powder, slow-burning gunpowder, in large cubical grains. --
Scotch pebble, varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc.,
obtained from cavities in amygdaloid.
Pebble
Peb"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pebbling.] To
grain (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with small rounded
prominences.
Pebbled
Peb"bled (?), a. Abounding in pebbles. Thomson.
Pebblestone
Peb"ble*stone` (?). A pebble; also, pebbles collectively. "Chains of
pebblestone." Marlowe.
Pebbly
Peb"bly (?), a. Full of pebbles; pebbled. "A hard, pebbly bottom."
Johnson.
Pebrine
Pe`brine" (?), n. [F.] An epidemic disease of the silkworm,
characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the
blood.
Pecan
Pe*can" (?), n. [Cf. F. pacane the nut.] (Bot.) A species of hickory
(Carya oliv\'91formis), growing in North America, chiefly in the
Mississippi valley and in Texas, where it is one of the largest of
forest trees; also, its fruit, a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an
inch and a half long, with a thin shell and well-flavored meat.
[Written also pacane.]
Pecary
Pec"a*ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Peccary.
Peccability
Pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being peccable;
lability to sin.
The common peccability of mankind. Dr. H. More.
Peccable
Pec"ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. peccable. See Peccant.] Liable to sin;
subject to transgress the divine law. "A frail and peccable mortal."
Sir W. Scott.
Peccadillo
Pec`ca*dil"lo (?), n; pl. Peccadillos (#). [Sp. pecadillo, dim. of
pecado a sin, fr. L. peccatum. See Peccant.] A slight trespass or
offense; a petty crime or fault. Sir W. Scott.
Peccancy
Pec"can*cy (?), n. [L. peccantia.]
1. The quality or state of being peccant.
2. A sin; an offense. W. Montagu.
Peccant
Pec"cant (?), a. [L. peccans, -antis, p.pr. of peccare to sin: cf. F.
peccant.]
1. Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal; as, peccant angels.
Milton.
2. Morbid; corrupt; as, peccant humors. Bacon.
3. Wrong; defective; faulty. [R.] Ayliffe.
Peccant
Pec"cant, n. An offender. [Obs.] Whitlock.
Peccantly
Pec"cant*ly, adv. In a peccant manner.
Peccary
Pec"ca*ry (?), n.; pl. Peccaries (#). [From the native South American
name: cf. F. p\'82cari, Sp. pecar.] (Zo\'94l.) A pachyderm of the
genus Dicotyles.
NOTE: &hand; The collared peccary, or tajacu (Dicotyles torquatus),
is about the size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring
aroung the neck. It ranges from Arkansas to Brazil. A larger
species (D. labiatus), with white cheeks, is found in South
America.
Peccavi
Pec*ca"vi (?). [L.] I have sinned; -- used colloquially to express
confession or acknowledgment of an offense. Aubrey. <-- seldom used --
same purpose served by mea culpa -->
Pecco
Pec"co (?), n. See Pekoe.
Peck
Peck, n. [Perh. akin to pack; or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and
fr. peck, v. (below): cf. also F. picotin a peak.]
1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a
peck of wheat. "A peck of provender." Shak.
2. A great deal; a large or excessive quantity. "A peck of
uncertainties and doubts." Milton.
Peck
Peck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pecking.] [See
Pick, v.]
1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a bird pecks
a tree.
2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed
instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated quick
movements.
3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite;
to eat; -- often with up. Addison.
This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas. Shak.
4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to
peck a hole in a tree.
Peck
Peck, v. i.
1. To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed instrument. Carew.
2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat.
[The hen] went pecking by his side. Dryden.
To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to
nag; to tease.
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Peck
Peck (?), n. A quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a
pointed instrument.
Pecker
Peck"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in
trees; a woodpecker.
2. An instrument for pecking; a pick. Garth.
Flower pecker. (Zo\'94l.) See under Flower.
Peckish
Peck"ish, a. Inclined to eat; hungry. [Colloq.] "When shall I feel
peckish again?" Beaconsfield.
Peckled
Pec"kled (?), a. Speckled; spotted. [Obs.]
Pecopteris
Pe*cop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extensive genus of
fossil ferns; -- so named from the regular comblike arrangement of the
leaflets.
Pecora
Pec"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pecus. See Pecuniary.] (Zo\'94l.) An
extensive division of ruminants, including the antelopes, deer, and
cattle.
Pectate
Pec"tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pectic acid.
Pecten
Pec"ten (?), n. [L. pecten, -inis, a comb, a kind of shellfish. See
Pectinate.]
1. (Anat.) (a) A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into the
vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in many
reptiles and fishes; -- also called marsupium. (b) The pubic bone.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten, and
numerous allied genera (family Pectinid\'91); a scallop. See Scallop.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The comb of a scorpion. See Comb, 4 (b).
Pectic
Pec"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to pectin; specifically,
designating an acid obtained from ordinary vegetable jelly (pectin) as
an amorphous substance, tough and horny when dry, but gelatinous when
moist.
Pectin
Pec"tin (?), n. [Gr. pectine.] (Chem.) One of a series of
carbohydrates, commonly called vegetable jelly, found very widely
distributed in the vegetable kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy
fruits, as apples, cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously
colored, translucent substances, which are soluble in hot water but
become viscous on cooling.
Pectinal
Pec"ti*nal (?), a. [L. pecten comb. See Pectinate.] Of or pertaining
to a comb; resembling a comb.
Pectinal
Pec"ti*nal, n. A fish whose bone Sir T. Browne.
Pectinate, Pectinated
Pec"ti*na`te (?), Pec"ti*na`ted (?), a. [L. pectinatus, p.pr. of
pectinare to comb, from pecten, -inis, a comb; cf. Gr. feax hair, OHG.
fahs, E. paxwax.]
1. Resembling the teeth of a comb.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Having very narrow, close divisions, in arrangement
and regularity resembling those of a comb; comblike; as, a pectinate
leaf; pectinated muscles. See Illust. (e) of Antenn\'91.
3. Interlaced, like two combs. [R.] "Our fingers pectinated, or shut
together." Sir T. Browne.
Pectinate claw (Zo\'94l.), a claw having a serrate edge, found in some
birds, and supposed to be used in cleaning the feathers.
Pectinately
Pec"ti*nate*ly (?), adv. In a pectinate manner.
Pectination
Pec`ti*na"tion (?), n.
1. The state of being pectinated; that which is pectinated. Sir T.
Browne.
2. The act of combing; the combing of the head.
3. (Nat. Hist.) Comblike toothing.
Pectineal
Pec*tin"e*al (?), a. [See Pecten.] (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the
pecten. (b) Relating to, or connected with, the pubic bone.
Pectinibranch
Pec*tin"i*branch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also
used adjectively.
Pectinibranchiata
Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pecten, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Gastropoda, including those that have a
comblike gill upon the neck.
Pectinibranchiate
Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. pecten, -inis, a comb + E.
branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having pectinated gills.
Pectiniform
Pec*tin"i*form (?), a. Comblike in form.
Pectize
Pec*tize" (?), v. i. [Gr. To congeal; to change into a gelatinous
mass. [R.] H. Spencer.
Pectolite
Pec"to*lite (?), n. [L. pecten a comb + -lite.] (Min.) A whitish
mineral occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It is a
hydrous silicate of lime and soda.
Pectoral
Pec"to*ral (?), a. [L. pectoralis, fr. pectus, -oris the breast; cf.
F. pectoral.]
1. Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the pectoral muscles.
2. Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest or lungs; as, a
pectoral remedy.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Having the breast conspicuously colored; as, the
pectoral sandpiper.
Pectoral arch, OR Pectoral girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or
cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the fore
limbs are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists of two
bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each side. -- Pectorial cross
(Eccl.), a cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbots, and
sometimes also by canons. -- Pectorial fins, OR Pectorials (Zo\'94l.),
fins situated on the sides, behind the gills. See Illust. under Fin.
-- Pectorial rail. (Zo\'94l.) See Land rail (b) under Land. --
Pectorial sandpiper (Zo\'94l.), the jacksnipe (b).
Pectoral
Pec"to*ral (?), n. [L. pectorale a breastplate, neut. of pectorials.]
1. A covering or protecting for the breast.
2. (Eccl.) (a) A breastplate, esp. that worn by the Jewish high
person. (b) A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.
3. A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs.
Pectorally
Pec"to*ral*ly (?), adv. As connected with the breast.
Pectoriloquial
Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pectoriloque.] Pertaining to, or
of the nature of, pectoriloquy.
Pectoriloquism
Pec`to*ril"o*quism (?), n. Pectoriloquy.
Pectoriloquous
Pec`to*ril"o*quous (?), a. Pectoriloquial.
Pectoriloquy
Pec`to*ril"o*quy (?), n. [L. pectus, -oris, the breast + loqui to
speak: cf. F. pectoriloquie.] (Med.) The distinct articulation of the
sounds of a patient's voice, heard on applying the ear to the chest in
auscultation. It usually indicates some morbid change in the lungs or
pleural cavity.
Pectose
Pec"tose` (?), n. [Pectic + cellulose.] (Chem.) An amorphous
carbohydrate found in the vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It
is associated with cellulose, and is converted into substances of the
pectin group.
Pectosic
Pec*to"sic (?), a. (Chem.)Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived
from, pectose; specifically, designating an acid supposed to
constitute largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.
Pectostraca
Pec*tos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A degenerate order
of Crustacea, including the Rhizocephala and Cirripedia.
Pectous
Pec"tous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.
Pectus
Pec"tus (?), n.; pl. Pectora (#). [L., the breast.] (Zo\'94l.) The
breast of a bird.
Pecul
Pec"ul (?), n. See Picul.
Peculate
Pec"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peculating.] [L. peculatus, p.p. of peculari to peculate, akin to
peculium private property. See Peculiar.] To appropriate to one's own
use the property of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to
one's care; to embezzle.
An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating despotism. Burke.
Peculation
Pec`u*la"tion (?), n. The act or practice of peculating, or of
defrauding the public by appropriating to one's own use the money or
goods intrusted to one's care for management or disbursement;
embezzlement.
Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of peculations
has been ruined. Burke.
Peculator
Pec"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peculates. "Peculators of the public
gold." Cowper.
Peculiar
Pe*cul"iar (?), a. [L. peculiaris, fr. peculium private property, akin
to pecunia money: cf. OF. peculier. See Pecuniary.]
1. One's own; belonging solely or especially to an individual; not
possessed by others; of private, personal, or characteristic
possession and use; not owned in common or in participation.
And purify unto himself a peculiar people. Titus ii. 14.
Hymns . . . that Christianity hath peculiar unto itself. Hooker.
2. Particular; individual; special; appropriate.
While each peculiar power forgoes his wonted seat. Milton.
My fate is Juno's most peculiar care. Dryden.
3. Unusual; singular; rare; strange; as, the sky had a
peculiarappearance. Syn. -- Peculiar, Special, Especial. Peculiar is
from the Roman peculium, which was a thing emphatically and
distinctively one's own, and hence was dear. The former sense always
belongs to peculiar (as, a peculiar style, peculiar manners, etc.),
and usually so much of the latter as to involve feelings of interest;
as, peculiar care, watchfulness, satisfaction, etc. Nothing of this
kind belongs to special and especial. They mark simply the relation of
species to genus, and denote that there is something in this case more
than ordinary; as, a special act of Congress; especial pains, etc.
Beauty, which, either walking or asleep, Shot forth peculiar
graces. Milton.
For naught so vile that on the earth doth live, But to the earth
some special good doth give. Shak.
Peculiar
Pe*cul"iar, n.
1. That which is peculiar; a sole or exclusive property; a
prerogative; a characteristic.
Revenge is . . . the peculiar of Heaven. South.
2. (Eng. Canon Law) A particular parish or church which is exempt from
the jurisdiction of the ordinary.
Court of Peculiars (Eng. Law), a branch of the Court of Arches having
cognizance of the affairs of peculiars. Blackstone. -- Dean of
peculiars. See under Dean, 1.
Peculiarity
Pe*cul`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Peculiarities (.
1. The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality; singularity.
Swift.
2. That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or
habit; particularity.
The smallest peculiarity of temper on manner. Macaulay.
3. Exclusive possession or right. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Peculiarize
Pe*cul"iar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecularized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pecularizing (?).] To make peculiar; to set appart or assign, as an
exclusive possession. [R.] Dr. John Smith.
Peculiarly
Pe*cul"iar*ly, adv. In a peculiar manner; particulary; in a rare and
striking degree; unusually.
Peculiarness
Pe*cul"iar*ness, n. The quality or state of being peculiar;
peculiarity. Mede.
Peculium
Pe*cu"li*um (?), n. [L. See Peculiar.]
1. (Rom. Law) The saving of a son or a slave with the father's or
master's consent; a little property or stock of one's own; any
exclusive personal or separate property. Burrill.
2. A special fund for private and personal uses.
A slight peculium only subtracted to supply his snuff box and
tobacco pouch. Sir W. Scott.
Pecunial
Pe*cu"ni*al (?), a. Pecuniary. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pecuniarily
Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly (?), adv. In a pecuniary manner; as regards money.
Pecuniary
Pe*cun"ia*ry (?), a. [L. pecuniarius, fr. pecunia money, orig.,
property in cattle, fr. pecus cattle: cf. F. p\'82cuniaire. See Fee,
and cf. Peculiar.]
1. Relating to money; monetary; as, a pecuniary penalty; a pecuniary
reward. Burke.
Pecunious
Pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L. pecuniosus, fr. pecunia: cf. F.
p\'82cunieux.] Abounding in money; wealthy; rich. [Obs.] Sherwood.
Ped
Ped (?), n. [OE. See Peddler.] A basket; a hammer; a pannier. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Pedage
Ped"age (?), n. [LL. pedagium, for pedaticum. See Paage.] A toll or
tax paid by passengers, entitling them to safe-conduct and protection.
[Obs.] Spelman.
Pedagog
Ped"a*gog (?), n. Pedagogue.
Pedagogic
Ped`a*gog"ic (?), n. [From Pedagogic, a.; cf. G. pedagogik.] See
Pedagogics.
Pedagogic, Pedagogical
Ped`a*gog"ic (?), Ped`a*gog"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. p\'82dagogique. See
Pedagogue.] Of or pertaining to a pedagogue; suited to, or
characteristic of, a pedagogue.
Pedagogics
Ped`a*gog"ics (?), n. The science or art of teaching; the principles
and rules of teaching; pedagogy.
Pedagogism
Ped"a*gog*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dagogisme.] The system, occupation,
character, or manner of pedagogues. Milton.
Avocation of pedantry and pedagogism. De Foe.
Pedagogue
Ped"a*gogue (?), n. [F. p\'82dagogue, L. paedagogus, Gr. Page a
servant, Agent.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) A slave who led his master's children to school, and
had the charge of them generally.
2. A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young;
a schoolmaster.
3. One who by teaching has become formal, positive, or pedantic in his
ways; one who has the manner of a schoolmaster; a pedant. Goldsmith.
Pedagogue
Ped"a*gogue, v. t. [Cf. L. paedagogare to instruct.] To play the
pedagogue toward. [Obs.] Prior.
Pedagogy
Ped"a*go`gy (?), n. [Gr. p\'82dagogie.] Pedagogics; pedagogism. South.
Pedal
Pe"dal (?), a. [L. pedalis, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf.
Pew.]
1. Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or
figuratively; specifically (Zo\'94l.), pertaining to the foot of a
mollusk; as, the pedal ganglion.
2. ( Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals. Pedal curve
OR surface (Geom.), the curve or surface which is the locus of the
feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon the straight
lines tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes tangent to a given
surface. -- Pedal note (Mus.), the note which is held or sustained
through an organ point. See Organ point, under Organ. -- Pedal organ
(Mus.), an organ which has pedals or a range of keys moved by the
feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the feet.
Pedal
Pe"dal (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dale, It. pedale. See Pedal, a.]
1. (Mech.) A lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte
to raise the dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes;
a treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.
2. (Geom.) A pedal curve or surface.
Pedalian
Pe*da"li*an (?), a. Relating to the foot, or to a metrical foot;
pedal. [R.] Maunder.
Pedality
Pe*dal"i*ty (?), n. The act of measuring by paces. [R.] Ash.
Pedaneous
Pe*da"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pedaneus of the size of a foot.] Going on
foot; pedestrian. [R.]
Pedant
Ped"ant (?), n. [F. p\'82dant, It. pedante, fr. Gr. pai^s boy. See
Pedagogue.]
1. A schoolmaster; a pedagogue. [Obs.] Dryden.
A pedant that keeps a school i'th' church. Shak.
2. One who puts on an air of learning; one who makes a vain display of
learning; a pretender to superior knowledge. Addison.
A scholar, yet surely no pedant, was he. Goldsmith.
Pedantic, Pedantical
Pe*dan"tic (?), Pe*dan"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pedant;
characteristic of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious of learning;
as, a pedantic writer; a pedantic description; a pedantical
affectation. "Figures pedantical." Shak.
Pedantically
Pe*dan"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pedantic manner.
Pedanticly
Pe*dan"tic*ly (?), adv. Pedantically. [R.]
Pedantism
Ped"ant*ism (?), n. The office, disposition, or act of a pedant;
pedantry. [Obs.]
Pedantize
Ped"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. p\'82dantiser.] To play the pedant; to
use pedantic expressions. [R.]
Pedantocracy
Ped`an*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Pedant + democracy.] The sway of pedants.
[R.] J. S. Mill.
Pedantry
Ped"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82danterie.] The act, character, or
manners of a pedant; vain ostentation of learning. "This pedantry of
quotation." Cowley.
'T is a practice that savors much of pedantry. Sir T. Browne.
Pedanty
Ped"ant*y (?), n. An assembly or clique of pedants. [Obs.] Milton.
Pedarian
Pe*da"ri*an (?), n. [L. pedarius, fr. pedarius belonging to the foot,
fr. pes, pedis, foot.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of a class eligible to the
office of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in the
senate, but could not vote; -- so called because he might indicate his
opinion by walking over to the side of the party he favored when a
vote was taken.
Pedary
Ped"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pedaries (#). [L. pedarius of the foot.] A
sandal. [Obs.] Latimer.
Pedata
Pe*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pedate.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
holothurians, including those that have ambulacral suckers, or feet,
and an internal gill.
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Pedate
Ped"ate (?), a. [L. pedatus, p.p. of pedare to furnish with feet, fr.
pes, pedis, a foot.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into
two or more segments; -- said of a leaf. -- Ped"ate*ly, adv.
Pedatifid
Pe*dat"i*fid (?), a. [Pedate + root of L. findere to split.] [Colloq.]
Cleft in a pedate manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at
the base; -- said of a leaf.
Peddle
Ped"dle (?), v. i. [From Peddler.]
1. To travel about with wares for sale; to go from place to place, or
from house to house, for the purpose of retailing goods; as, to peddle
without a license.
2. To do a small business; to be busy about trifles; to piddle.
Peddle
Ped"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peddling
(?).] To sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from
customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small
quantities; as, to peddle vegetables or tinware.
Peddler
Ped"dler (?), n. [OE. pedlere, pedlare, also peddare, peoddare, fr.
OE. ped a basket, of unknown origin.] One who peddles; a traveling
trader; one who travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker.
[Written also pedlar and pedler.] "Some vagabond huckster or peddler."
Hakluyt.
Peddlery
Ped"dler*y (?), n. [Written also pedlary and pedlery.]
1. The trade, or the goods, of a peddler; hawking; small retail
business, like that of a peddler.
2. Trifling; trickery. [Obs.] "Look . . . into these their deceitful
peddleries." Milton.
Peddling
Ped"dling, a.
1. Hawking; acting as a peddler.
2. Petty; insignificant. "The miserable remains of a peddling
commerce." Burke.
Pederast
Ped"er*ast (?), n. [Gr. paiderasth`s; pai^s, paido`s, a boy + 'era^n
to love: cf. F. p\'82d\'82raste.] One guilty of pederasty; a sodomite.
Pederastic
Ped`er*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. paiderastiko`s.] Of or pertaining to
pederasty.
Pederasty
Ped"er*as`ty (?), n. [Gr. paiderasti`a: cf. F. p\'82d\'82rastie.] The
crime against nature; sodomy.<-- esp. with a boy -->
Pederero
Ped`e*re"ro (?), n. [Sp. pedrero, fr. OSp. pedra, Sp. piedra, a stone,
L. petra, fr. Gr. (Mil.) A term formerly applied to a short piece of
chambered ordnance. [Written also paterero and peterero.]
Pedesis
Pe*de"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Same as Brownian movement, under
Brownian.
Pedestal
Ped"es*tal (?), n. [Sp. pedestal; cf. F. pi\'82destal, It.
piedestallo; fr. L. es, pedis, foot + OHG. stal standing place,
station, place, akin to E. stall. See Foot, and Stall, and Footstall.]
1. (Arch.) The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the
like; the part on which an upright work stands. It consists of three
parts, the base, the die or dado, and the cornice or surbase molding.
See Illust. of Column.
Build him a pedestal, and say, "Stand there!" Cowper.
2. (a) (Railroad Cars) A casting secured to the frame of a truck and
forming a jaw for holding a journal box. (b) (Mach.) A pillow block; a
low housing. (c) (Bridge Building) An iron socket, or support, for the
foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier.
Pedestal coil (steam Heating), a group of connected straight pipes
arranged side by side and one above another, -- used in a radiator.
Pedestaled
Ped"es*taled (?), a. Placed on, or supported by, a pedestal;
figuratively, exalted. Hawthorne.
Pedestaled haply in a palace court. Keats.
Pedestrial
Pe*des"tri*al (?), a. [L. pedester, -esteris, fr. pes, pedis, a foot:
cf. F. p\'82destere. See Pedal.] Of or pertaining to the feet;
employing the foot or feet.
Pedestrially
Pe*des"tri*al*ly, adv. In a pedestrial manner.
Pedestrian
Pe*des"tri*an (?), a. Going on foot; performed on foot; as, a
pedestrian journey.
Pedestrian
Pe*des"tri*an, n. A walker; one who journeys on foot; a foot traveler;
specif., a professional walker or runner.
Pedestrianism
Pe*des"tri*an*ism (?), n. The act, art, or practice of a pedestrian;
walking or running; traveling or racing on foot.
Pedestrianize
Pe*des"tri*an*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pedestrianized (?); p. pr.
& vb. n. Pedestrianizing.] To practice walking; to travel on foot.
Pedestrious
Pe*des"tri*ous (?), a. Going on foot; not winged. [Obs.] "Pedestrious
animals." Sir T. Browne.
Pedetentous
Ped`e*ten"tous (?), a. [L. pes, pedis, foot + tendere to stretch out:
cf. L. tentim by degrees.] Proceeding step by step; advancing
cautiously. [R.]
That pedetentous pace and pedetentous mind in which it behooves the
wise and virtuous improver to walk. Sydney Smith.
Pedi-, Pedo-
Ped"i- (?), Ped"o- (?). [See Foot.] Combining forms from L. pes,
pedis, foot, as pedipalp, pedireme, pedometer.
Pedial
Pe"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to the foot, or to any organ called a
foot; pedal. Dana.
Pedicel
Ped"i*cel (?), n. [F. p\'82dicelle. See Pedicle.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A stalk which supports one flower or fruit, whether
solitary or one of many ultimate divisions of a common peduncle. See
Peduncle, and Illust. of Flower. (b) A slender support of any special
organ, as that of a capsule in mosses, an air vesicle in alg\'91, or a
sporangium in ferns.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A slender stem by which certain of the lower animals or
their eggs are attached. See Illust. of Aphis lion.
3. (Anat.) (a) The ventral part of each side of the neural arch
connecting with the centrum of a vertebra. (b) An outgrowth of the
frontal bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied
animals.
Pediceled
Ped"i*celed (?), a. Pedicellate.
Pedicellaria
Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Pedicellari\'91 (#). [NL. See Pedicel.]
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers
upon starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable jaws,
or blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of echini
usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See Illustration in Appendix.
Pedicellate
Ped"i*cel`late (?), a. Having a pedicel; supported by a pedicel.
Pedicellina
Ped`i*cel*li"na (?), n. [NL. See Pedicel.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a bell-shaped body supported
on a slender pedicel. See Illust. under Entoprocta.
Pedicle
Ped"i*cle (?), n. [L. pediculus a little foot, dim. of pes foot: cf.
F. p\'82dicule. See edal, and cf. Pedicel.] Same as Pedicel.
Pedicular
Pe*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L. pedicularis, fr. pediculus a louse: cf. F.
p\'82diculaire.] Of or pertaining to lice; having the lousy distemper
(phthiriasis); lousy. Southey.
Pediculate
Pe*dic"u*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pediculati.
Pediculati
Pe*dic`u*la"ti (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pedicle.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
fishes including the anglers. See Illust. of Angler and Batfish.
Pediculation
Pe*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. (Med.) Phthiriasis.
Pedicule
Ped"i*cule (?), n. [See Pedicle.] A pedicel.
Pediculina
Pe*dic`u*li"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pediculus.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
of parasitic hemipterous insects, including the true lice. See Illust.
in Appendix.
Pediculous
Pe*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L. pediculosus.] Pedicular.
Pediculus
Pe*dic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pediculi (#). [L., a louse.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of wingless parasitic Hemiptera, including the common lice of
man. See Louse.
Pediform
Ped"i*form (?), a. [Pedi- + -form.] Shaped like a foot.
Pedigerous
Pe*dig"er*ous (?), a. [Pedi- + -gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing or having
feet or legs.
Pedigree
Ped"i*gree (?), n. [Of unknown origin; possibly fr. F. par degr\'82s
by degrees, -- for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which
records the relationship of families by degrees; or, perh., fr. F.
pied de grue crane's foot, from the shape of the heraldic genealogical
trees.]
1. A line of ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or
record of a line of ancestors.
Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our
pedigrees. Camden.
His vanity labored to contrive us a pedigree. Milton.
I am no herald to inquire of men's pedigrees. Sir P. Sidney.
The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their tribes. Atterbury.
2. (Stock Breeding) A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as
of a horse.
Pediluvy
Ped"i*lu`vy (?), n. [Pedi- + L. luere to wash: cf. It. & Sp.
pediluvio, F. p\'82diluve.] The bathing of the feet, a bath for the
feet. [Obs.]
Pedimana
Pe*dim"a*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pes, pedis, foot + manus hand.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of marsupials, including the opossums.
Pedimane
Ped"i*mane (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dimane.] (Zo\'94l.) A pedimanous
marsupial; an opossum.
Pedimanous
Pe*dim"a*nous (?), a. [See Pedimana.] (Zo\'94l.) Having feet
resembling hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the opossums and
monkeys.
Pediment
Ped"i*ment (?), n. [L. pes, pedis, a foot. See Foot.] (Arch.)
Originally, in classical architecture, the triangular space forming
the gable of a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration
over porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or broken
frontal having a similar position and use. See Temple.
Pedimental
Ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pediment.
Pedipalp
Ped"i*palp (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dipalpe.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Pedipalpi.
Pedipalpi
Ped`i*pal"pi (?), n pl. [NL. See Pedipalpus.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Arachnida, including the whip scorpions (Thelyphonus) and allied
forms. Sometimes used in a wider sense to include also the true
scorpions.
Pedipalpous
Ped`i*pal"pous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the
pedipalps.
Pedipalpus
Ped`i*pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Pedipalpi (#). [NL. See Pes, and Palpus.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In
some they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate
in a claw.
Pedireme
Ped"i*reme (?), n. [Pedi- + L. remus oar.] (Zo\'94l.) A crustacean,
some of whose feet serve as oars.
Pedlar, Pedler
Ped"lar, Ped"ler (?), n. See Peddler.
Pedobaptism
Pe`do*bap"tism (?), n. [Gr. baptism.] The baptism of infants or of
small children. [Written also p\'91dobaptism.]
Pedobaptist
Pe`do*bap"tist (?), n. One who advocates or practices infant baptism.
[Written also p\'91dobaptist.]
Pedomancy
Ped"o*man`cy (?), n. [Pedi- + -mancy.] Divination by examining the
soles of the feet.
Pedometer
Pe*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Pedi-, pedo- + -meter: cf. F. p\'82dom\'8atre.]
(Mech.) An instrument for including the number of steps in walking,
and so ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the
form of a watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body
causes the index to advance a certain distance at each step.
Pedometric, Pedometrical
Ped`o*met"ric (?), Ped`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or measured
by, a pedometer.
Pedomotive
Ped`o*mo"tive (?), a. [Pedi-, pedo- + -motive.] Moved or worked by the
action of the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle.
Pedotrophy
Pe*dot"ro*phy (?), n. [Gr. p\'82dotrophie.] The art of nourishing
children properly.
Pedregal
Pe`dre*gal" (?), n. [Sp., a stony place, fr. piedra stone.] A lava
field. [Mexico & Western U.S.]
Peduncle
Pe*dun"cle (?), n. [Formed fr. (assumed) L. pedunculus, dim. of pes,
pedis, a foot: cf. F. p\'82doncule.]
1. (Bot.) The stem or stalk that supports the flower or fruit of a
plant, or a cluster of flowers or fruits.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ul timate divisions or branches of a peduncle are
called pedicels. In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would
be called a peduncle if the flower is large, and a pedicel if it is
small or delicate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are
attached to other objects. See Illust. of Barnacle.
3. (Anat.) A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different
parts of the brain; as, the peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles
of the pineal gland.
Peduncled
Pe*dun"cled (?), a. Having a peduncle; supported on a peduncle;
pedunculate.
Peduncular
Pe*dun"cu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82donculaire.] Of or pertaining to a
peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a peduncular tendril.
Pedunculata
Pe*dun`cu*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Peduncle.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
of Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose barnacles.
Pedunculate, Pedunculated
Pe*dun"cu*late (?), Pe*dun"cu*la`ted (?), a. (Biol.) Having a
peduncle; growing on a peduncle; as, a pedunculate flower; a
pedunculate eye, as in a lobster.
Pee
Pee (?), n. See 1st Pea.
Pee
Pee, n. (Naut.) Bill of an anchor. See Peak, 3 (c).
Peece
Peece (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Piece.
Peechi
Pee"chi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dauw.
Peek
Peek (?), v. i. [OE. piken: cf. F. piquer to pierce, prick, E. pique.
Cf. Peak.] To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a
crevice; to peep. [Colloq.]
Peekaboo
Peek"a*boo (?), n. A child's game; bopeep.
Peel
Peel (?), n. [OE. pel. Cf. Pile a heap.] A small tower, fort, or
castle; a keep. [Scot.]
Peel
Peel, n. [F. pelle, L. pala.] A spadelike implement, variously used,
as for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also, a T-shaped
implement used by printers and bookbinders for hanging wet sheets of
paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of an oar.
Peel
Peel, v. t. [Confused with peel to strip, but fr. F. piller to
pillage. See Pill to rob, Pillage.] To plunder; to pillage; to rob.
[Obs.]
But govern ill the nations under yoke, Peeling their provinces.
Milton.
Peel
Peel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeling.] [F.
peler to pull out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. pilare to
deprive of hair, fr. pilus a hair; or perh. partly fr. F. peler to
peel off the skin, perh. fr. L. pellis skin (cf. Fell skin). Cf.
Peruke.]
1. To strip off the skin, bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or
tearing off the skin, bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as,
to peel an orange.
The skillful shepherd peeled me certain wands. Shak.
2. To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an
animal, the bark of a tree, etc.
Peel
Peel, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin,
bark, or rind does; -- often used with an adverb; as, the bark peels
easily or readily.
Peel
Peel, n. The skin or rind; as, the peel of an orange.
Peele
Pee"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A graceful and swift South African antelope
(Pelea capreola). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and
sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth,
and very sharp. Called also rheeboc, and rehboc.
Peeler
Peel"er (?), n. One who peels or strips.
Peeler
Peel"er, n. [See Peel to plunder.] A pillager.
Peeler
Peel"er, n. A nickname for a policeman; -- so called from Sir Robert
Peel. [British Slang] See Bobby.
Peelhouse
Peel"house` (?), n. See 1st Peel. Sir W. Scott.
Peen
Peen (?), n. [Cf. G. pinne pane of a hammer.] (a) A round-edged, or
hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or sledge, used to stretch
or bend metal by indentation. (b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a
mason's hammer. [Spelt also pane, pein, and piend.]
Peen
Peen, v. t. To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the
peen of a hammer or sledge.
Peenge
Peenge (?), v. i. To complain. [Scot.]
Peep
Peep (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peeped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeping.]
[Of imitative origin; cf. OE. pipen, F. piper, p\'82pier, L. pipire,
pipare, pipiare, D. & G. piepen. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a
transfer of sense from the sound which chickens make upon the first
breaking of the shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the
influence of peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.]
1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched; to chirp; to cheep.
There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped.
Is. x. 14.
2. To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the
first appearance.
When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms bear. Dryden.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1058
3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry.
eep through the blanket of the dark. Shak.
From her cabined loophole peep. Milton.
Peep sight, an adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep
through in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the
breech.
Peep
Peep (?), n.
1. The cry of a young chicken; a chirp.
2. First outlook or appearance.
Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn. Gray.
3. A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from a place of
concealment.
To take t' other peep at the stars. Swift.
4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna
minutilla). (b) The European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis).
Peep show, a small show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through
an orifice or a magnifying glass. -- Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish
insurgents of 1784; -- so called from their visiting the house of the
loyal Irish at day break in search of arms. [Cant]
Peeper
Peep"er (?), n.
1. A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.
2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.
Who's there? peepers, . . . eavesdroppers? J. Webster.
3. The eye; as, to close the peepers. [Colloq.]
Peephole
Peep"hole` (?), n. A hole, or crevice, through which one may peep
without being discovered.
Peeping hole
Peep"ing hole`. See Peephole.
Peepul tree
Pee"pul tree` (?). [Hind. p\'c6pal, Skr. pippala.] (Bot.) A sacred
tree (Ficus religiosa) of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which
attains great size and venerable age. See Bo tree. [Written also
pippul tree, and pipal tree.]
Peer
Peer (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p Peered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peering.] [OF.
parir, pareir equiv. to F. para\'8ctre to appear, L. parere. Cf.
Appear.]
1. To come in sight; to appear. [Poetic]
So honor peereth in the meanest habit. Shak.
See how his gorget peers above his gown! B. Jonson.
2. [Perh. a different word; cf. OE. piren, LG. piren. Cf. Pry to
peep.] To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the
peering day. Milton.
Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads. Shak.
As if through a dungeon grate he peered. Coleridge.
Peer
Peer, n. [OE. per, OF. per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal. Cf. Apparel,
Pair, Par, n., Umpire.]
1. One of the same rank, quality, endowments, character, etc.; an
equal; a match; a mate.
In song he never had his peer. Dryden.
Shall they consort only with their peers? I. Taylor.
2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate.
He all his peers in beauty did surpass. Spenser.
3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British
nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of
the realm.
A noble peer of mickle trust and power. Milton.
House of Peers, The Peers, the British House of Lords. See Parliament.
-- Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual,
who sit in the House of Lords.
Peer
Peer v. t. To make equal in rank. [R.] Heylin.
Peer
Peer v. t. To be, or to assume to be, equal. [R.]
Peerage
Peer"age (?), n. [See Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.]
1. The rank or dignity of a peer. Blackstone.
2. The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.
When Charlemain with all his peerage fell. Milton.
Peerdom
Peer"dom (?), n. Peerage; also, a lordship. [Obs.]
Peeress
Peer"ess, n. The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or
by right of marriage.
Peerie, Peery
Peer"ie, Peer"y (?), a. [See 1st Peer, 2.] Inquisitive; suspicious;
sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Two peery gray eyes." Sir W. Scott.
Peerless
Peer"less (?), a. Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative.
"Her peerless feature." Shak.
Unvailed her peerless light. Milton.
--Peer"less*ly, adv. -- Peer"less*ness, n.
Peert
Peert (?), a. Same as Peart.
Peerweet
Peer"weet (?), n. Same as Pewit (a & b).
Peevish
Pee"vish (?), a. [OE. pevische; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word
imitative of the noise made by fretful children + -ish.]
1. Habitually fretful; easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to
complain; querulous; petulant. "Her peevish babe." Wordsworth.
She is peevish, sullen, froward. Shak.
2. Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or unjustifiable
dissatisfaction; as, a peevish answer.
3. Silly; childish; trifling. [Obs.]
To send such peevish tokens to a king. Shak.
Syn. -- Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy; captious;
discontented. See Fretful.
Peevishly
Pee"vish*ly, adv. In a peevish manner. Shak.
Peevishness
Pee"vish*ness, n. The quality of being peevish; disposition to murmur;
sourness of temper. Syn. -- See Petulance.
Peevit, Peewit
Pee"vit (?), Pee"wit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pewit.
Peg
Peg (?), n. [OE. pegge; cf. Sw. pigg, Dan. pig a point, prickle, and
E. peak.]
1. A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together,
in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe peg.
2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc.
Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext;
as, a peg to hang a claim upon.
3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are
strained. Shak.
4. One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board.
5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase "To take one down peg."
To screw papal authority to the highest peg. Barrow.
And took your grandess down a peg. Hudibras.
Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces
are inserted. -- Peg tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so
as divide the liquor into equal portions. "Drink down to your peg."
Longfellow. -- Peg tooth. See Fleam tooth under Fleam. -- Peg top, a
boy's top which is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small screw
without a head, for fastening soles.
Peg
Peg (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pegged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pegging (?).]
1. To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to peg
shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely.
I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails. Shak.
2. (Cribbage) To score with a peg, as points in the game; as, she
pegged twelwe points. [Colloq.]
Peg
Peg, v. i. To work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with
on, at, or away; as, to peg away at a task.
Pegador
Pe`ga*dor" (?), n. [Sp., a sticker.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of remora
(Echeneis naucrates). See Remora.
Pegasean
Pe*ga"se*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to
poetry.
Pegasoid
Peg"a*soid (?), a. [Pegasus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to
Pegasus.
Pegasus
Peg"a*sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Gr. Myth.) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the body of
Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his
hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from
Mount Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated with
the Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration.
Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace. Byron.
2. (Astron.) A northen constellation near the vernal equinoctial
point. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of
Andromeda, form the square of Pegasus.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and
the body covered with hard, bony plates. Several species are known
from the East Indies and China.
Pegger
Peg"ger (?), n. One who fastens with pegs.
Pegging
Peg"ging (?), n. The act or process of fastening with pegs.
Pegm
Pegm (?), n. [L. pegma a movable stage, Gr. A sort of moving machine
employed in the old pageants. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Pegmatite
Peg"ma*tite (?), n. [From Gr. pegmatite. See Pegm.] (Min.) (a) Graphic
granite. See under Granite. (b) More generally, a coarse granite
occurring as vein material in other rocks.
Pegmatitic
Peg`ma*tit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling,
pegmatite; as, the pegmatic structure of certain rocks resembling
graphic granite.
Pegtatoid
Peg"ta*toid (?), a. [Pegmatite + -oid.] (Min.) Resembling pegmatite;
pegmatic.
Pegomancy
Peg"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -macy.] Divination by fountains. [R.]
Pegroots
Peg"roots` (?), n. Same as Setterwort.
Pehlevi
Peh"le*vi` (?), n. [Parsee Pahlavi.] An ancient Persian dialect in
which words were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents. It
was in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the middle of
the 7th century, and later in religious writings. [Written also
Pahlavi.]
Pein
Pein (?), n. See Peen.
Peirameter
Pei*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A dynamometer for measuring the
force required to draw wheel carriages on roads of different
constructions. G. Francis.
Peirastic
Pei*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. Fitted for trail or test; experimental;
tentative; treating of attempts.
Peise
Peise (?), n. [See Poise.] A weight; a poise. [Obs.] "To weigh pence
with a peise." Piers Plowman.
Peise
Peise, v. t. To poise or weight. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Lest leaden slumber peise me down. Shak.
Peitrel
Pei"trel (?), n. (Anc. Armor) See Peytrel.
Pejorative
Pe*jor"a*tive (?), a. [F. p\'82joratif, fr. L. pejor, used as compar.
of malus evil.] Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging;
unfavorable.
Pekan
Pek"an (?), n. [F. pekan.] (Zo\'94l.) See Fisher, 2.
Pekoe
Pek"oe (?), n. [Chin. pih-hoau: cf. F. peko\'89] A kind of black tea.
[Written also pecco.]
Pela
Pe"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wax insect, under Wax.
Pelage
Pel"age (?), n. [F. pelage, fr. L. pilus hair.] (Zo\'94l.) The
covering, or coat, of a mammal, whether of wool, fur, or hair.
Pelagian
Pe*la"gi*an (?), a. [L. pelagius, Gr. p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining
to the sea; marine; pelagic; as, pelagian shells.
Pelagian
Pe*la"gi*an, n. [L. Pelagianus: cf. F. p\'82lagien.] (Eccl. Hist.) A
follower of Pelagius, a British monk, born in the later part of the
4th century, who denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the
connection between sin and death, and of conversion through grace.
Pelagian
Pe*la"gi*an, a. [Cf. F. p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or
to his doctrines.
Pelagianism
Pe*la"gi*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82lagianisme.] The doctrines of
Pelagius.
Pelagic
Pe*lag"ic (?), a. [L. pelagicus.] Of or pertaining to the ocean; --
applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean,
away from the coast.
Pelargonic
Pel`ar*gon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an
organic acid (called also nonoic acid) found in the leaves of the
geranium (Pelargonium) and allied plants.
Pelargonium
Pel`ar*go"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A large genus of plants
of the order Geraniace\'91, differing from Geranium in having a
spurred calyx and an irregular corolla.
NOTE: &hand; Ab out on e hu ndred an d se venty sp ecies are known,
nearly all of them natives of South Africa, and many having very
beautiful blossoms. See the Note under Geranium.
Pelasgian, Pelasgic
Pe*las"gi*an (?), Pe*las"gic (?), a. [L. Pelasgus, Gr.
1. Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece, of
roving habits.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Wandering.
Pelecan
Pel"e*can (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pelican.
Pelecaniformes
Pel`e*can`i*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pelican, and -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Those birds that are related to the pelican; the Totipalmi.
Pelecoid
Pel"e*coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Geom.) A figure, somewhat
hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two inverted quadrants,
and equal in area to the square ABCD inclosed by the chords of the
four quadrants. [Written also pelicoid.] Math. Dict.
Pelecypoda
Pel`e*cyp"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Lamellibranchia.
Pelegrine
Pel"e*grine (?), a. See Peregrine. [Obs.]
Pelerine
Pel"er*ine (?), n. [F. p\'8alerine a tippet, fr. p\'8alerin a pilgrim,
fr. L. peregrinus foreign, alien. See Pilgrim.] A woman's cape;
especially, a fur cape that is longer in front than behind.
Pelf
Pelf (?), n. [OE. pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to pelfrer to
plunder, and perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.] Money; riches; lucre;
gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or
worthless. It has no plural. "Mucky pelf." Spenser. "Paltry pelf."
Burke.
Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or industry? Fuller.
Pelfish
Pelf"ish, a. Of or pertaining to pelf. Stanyhurst.
Pelfray, Pelfry
Pel"fray (?), Pel"fry (?), n. Pelf; also, figuratively, rubbish;
trash. [Obs.] Cranmer.
Pelican
Pel"i*can (?), n. [F. p\'82lican, L. pelicanus, pelecanus, Gr.
para&cced;u.] [Written also pelecan.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any large webfooted bird of the genus of Pelecanus, of
which about a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to
the lower edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes
are temporarily stored.
NOTE: &hand; The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
and the brown species (P. fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast
in winter, but breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and
British America.
2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading
back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and
redistillation.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pr inciple is st ill em ployed in certain modern
forms of distilling apparatus.
Frigate pelican (Zo\'94l.), the frigate bird. See under Frigate. --
Pelican fish (Zo\'94l.), deep-sea fish (Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of
the order Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of the
jaws, which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican flower (Bot.), the
very large and curiously shaped blossom of a climbing plant
(Aristolochia grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself.
-- Pelican ibis (Zo\'94l.), a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus
leucocephalus). The head and throat are destitute of feathers; the
plumage is white, with the quills and the tail greenish black. --
Pelican in her piety (in heraldry and symbolical art), a
representation of a pelican in the act of wounding her breast in order
to nourish her young with her blood; -- a practice fabulously
attributed to the bird, on account of which it was adopted as a symbol
of the Redeemer, and of charity. -- Pelican's foot (Zo\'94l.), a
marine gastropod shell of the genus Aporrhais, esp. Aporrhais
pes-pelicani of Europe.
Pelick
Pel"ick (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American coot (Fulica).
Pelicoid
Pel"i*coid (?), n. See Pelecoid.
Pelicosauria
Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A suborder of
Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the Permian
formation.
Peliom
Pe"li*om (?), n. [See Pelioma.] (Min.) A variety of iolite, of a smoky
blue color; pelioma.
Pelioma
Pe`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
1. (Med.) A livid ecchymosis.
2. (Min.) See Peliom.
Pelisse
Pe*lisse" (?), n. [F., fr. L. pelliceus, pellicius, made of skins, fr.
pellis a skin. Cf. Pelt skin, Pilch, and see 2d Pell.] An outer
garment for men or women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a
lady's outer garment, made of silk or other fabric.
Pell
Pell (?), v. t. [Cf. Pelt, v. t.] To pelt; to knock about. [Obs.]
Holland.
Pell
Pell, n. [OF. pel, F. peau, L. pellis a skin. See Fell a skin.]
1. A skin or hide; a pelt.
2. A roll of parchment; a parchment record.
Clerk of the pells, formerly, an officer of the exchequer who entered
accounts on certain parchment rolls, called pell rolls. [Eng.]
Pellack
Pel"lack (?), n. [Cf. Gael. Peileag.] (Zo\'94l.) A porpoise.
Pellage
Pell"age (?), n. [See 2d Pell.] A customs duty on skins of leather.
_________________________________________________________________
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Pellagrin
Pel"la*grin (?), n. One who is afficted with pellagra. Chambers's
Encyc.
Pellet
Pel"let (?), n. [F. pelote, LL. pelota, pilota, fr. L. pila a ball.
Cf. Platoon.]
1. A little ball; as, a pellet of wax .
2. A bullet; a ball for firearms. [Obs.] Bacon.
As swift as a pellet out of a gun. Chaucer.
Pellet molding (Arch.), a narrow band ornamented with smalt, flat
disks.
Pellet
Pel"let, v. To form into small balls. [Obs.] Shak.
Pelleted
Pel"let*ed, a. Made of, or like, pellets; furnished with pellets. [R.]
"This pelleted storm." Shak.
Pellibranchiata
Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pellis garment + branchia a
gill.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle
itself serves as a gill.
Pellicle
Pel"li*cle (?), n. [L. pellicu, dim. of pellis skin: cf. F.
pellicule.]
1. A thin skin or film.
2. (Chem.) A thin film formed on the surface of an evaporating
solution.
Pellicular
Pel*lic"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pellicle. Henslow.
Pellile
Pel*li"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The redshank; -- so called from its note.
[Prov. Eng.]
Pellitory
Pel"li*to*ry (?), n. [OE. paritorie, OF. paritoire, F. pari\'82taire;
(cf. It. & Sp. parietaria), L. parietaria the parietary, or pellitory,
the wall plant, fr. parietarus belonging to the walls, fr. paries,
parietis a wall. Cf. Parietary.] (Bot.) The common name of the several
species of the genus Parietaria, low, harmless weeds of the Nettle
family; -- also called wall pellitory, and lichwort.
NOTE: &hand; Pa rietaria of ficinalis is co mmon on ol d walls in
Europe; P.Pennsylvanica is found in the United States; and six or
seven more species are found near the Mediterranean, or in the
Orient.
Pellitory
Pel"li*to*ry, n. [Sp. pelitre, fr. L. pyrethrum. See Bertram.] (Bot.)
(a) A composite plant (Anacyclus Pyrethrum) of the Mediterranean
region, having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. The root is
the officinal pellitory, and is used as an irritant and sialogogue.
Called also bertram, and pellitory of Spain. (b) The feverfew
(Chrysanthemum Parthenium); -- so called because it resembles the
above.
Pell-mell
Pell`-mell" (, n. See Pall-mall.
Pellmell
Pell`mell", adv. [F. p\'88le-m\'88le, prob. fr. pelle a shovel +
m\'88ler to mix, as when different kinds of grain are heaped up and
mixed with a shovel. See Pell shovel, Medley.] In utter confusion;
with confused violence. "Men, horses, chariots, crowded pellmell."
Milton.
Pellucid
Pel*lu"cid (?), a. [L. pellucidus; per (see Per-) + lucidus clear,
bright: cf. F. pellucide.] Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent;
not opaque. "Pellucid crystal." Dr. H. More. "Pellucid streams."
Wordsworth.
Pellucidity, Pellucidness
Pel`lu*cid"i*ty (?), Pel*lu"cid*ness (?), n. [L. pelluciditas.] The
quality or state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency;
clearness; as, the pellucidity of the air. Locke.
Pellucidly
Pel*lu"cid*ly, adv. In a pellucid manner.
Pelma
Pel"ma (?), n.; pl. Pelmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The under
surface of the foot.<-- = sole? -->
Pelopium
Pe*lo"pi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Pelops, brother of Niobe, Gr. (Chem.)
A supposed new metal found in columbite, afterwards shown to be
identical with columbium, or niobium.
Peloponnesian
Pel`o*pon*ne"sian (?), a. [L. Peloponnesius, fr. Peloponnesus, Gr. Of
or pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of Greece. --
n. A native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.
Peloria
Pe*lo"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) Abnormal regularity; the
state of certain flowers, which, being naturally irregular, have
become regular through a symmetrical repetition of the special
irregularity.
Peloric
Pe*lo"ric (?), a. (Bot.) Abnormally regular or symmetrical. Darwin.
Pelotage
Pel"o*tage (?), n. [F.] Packs or bales of Spanish wool.
Pelt
Pelt (?), n. [Cf. G. pelz a pelt, fur, fr. OF. pelice, F. pelisse (see
Pelisse); or perh. shortened fr. peltry.]
1. The skin of a beast with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a
skin preserved with the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell.
Sir T. Browne.
Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes. Fuller.
2. The human skin. [Jocose] Dryden.
3. (Falconry) The body of any quarry killed by the hawk.
Pelt rot, a disease affecting the hair or wool of a beast.
Pelt
Pelt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pelted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pelting.] [OE.
pelten, pulten, pilten, to thrust, throw, strike; cf. L. pultare,
equiv. to pulsare (v. freq. fr. pellere to drive), and E. pulse a
beating.]
1. To strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with pellets
or missiles, as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail.
The children billows seem to pelt the clouds. Shak.
2. To throw; to use as a missile.
My Phillis me with pelted apples plies. Dryden.
Pelt
Pelt, v. i.
1. To throw missiles. Shak.
2. To throw out words. [Obs.]
Another smothered seems to peltand swear. Shak.
Pelt
Pelt, n. A blow or stroke from something thrown.
Pelta
Pel"ta (?), n.; pl. Pelt\'91. [L., a shield, fr. Gr.
1. (Antiq.) A small shield, especially one of an approximately
elliptic form, or crescent-shaped.
2. (Bot.) A flat apothecium having no rim.
Peltate, Peltated
Pel"tate (?), Pel"ta*ted (?), a. [Cf. F. pelt\'82. See Pelta.]
Shield-shaped; scutiform; (Bot.) having the stem or support attached
to the lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; -- said of a
leaf or other organ. -- Pel"tate*ly (#), adv.
Pelter
Pelt"er (?), n. One who pelts.
Pelter
Pel"ter (?), n. A pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person; a miser; a
skinflint. [Obs.] "Let such pelters prate." Gascoigne.
Peltiform
Pel"ti*form (?), a. [Pelta + -form.] Shieldlike, with the outline
nearly circular; peltate. <-- #! original has "pellate", but should be
"peltate" --> Henslow.
Pelting
Pel"ting (?), a. Mean; paltry. [Obs.] Shak.
Peltry
Pelt"ry (?), n. [F. pelleterie peltry, furriery, fr. pelletier a
furrier, fr. OF. pel skin, F. peau, L. pelis. See Pelt a skin, Pell,
n., Fell a skin.] Pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on
them; furs.
Peltryware
Pelt"ry*ware` (?), n. Peltry. [Obs.]
Peludo
Pe*lu"do (?), n. [Sp. peludo hairy.] (Zo\'94l.) The South American
hairy armadillo (Dasypus villosus).
Pelusiac
Pe*lu"si*ac (?), a. [L. Pelusiacus.] Of or pertaining to Pelusium, an
ancient city of Egypt; as, the Pelusiac (or former eastern) outlet of
the Nile.
Pelvic
Pel"vic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis;
as, pelvic cellulitis. Pelvic arch, OR Pelvic girdle (Anat.), the two
or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to
which the hind limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch
usually consists of three principal bones on each side, the ilium,
ischium, and pubis, which are often closely united in the adult,
forming the innominate bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate.
Pelvimeter
Pel*vim"e*ter (?), n. [Pelvis + -meter.: cf. F. pelvim\'8atre.] An
instrument for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis. Coxe.
Pelvis
Pel"vis (?), n. [L., a basin, laver; cf. Gr.
1. (Anat.) The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the
sacrum. See Pelvic arch, under Pelvic, and Sacrum.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The calyx of a crinoid.
Pelvis of the kidney (Anat.), the basinlike cavity into which the
ureter expands as it joins the kidney.
Pemmican
Pem"mi*can (?), n. [Written also pemican.]
1. Among the North American Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested
of fat, and dried in the sun.
Then on pemican they feasted. Longfellow.
2. Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun,
pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and
compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small
compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.
Pemphigus
Pem*phi"gus (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. (Med.) A somewhat rare skin disease,
characterized by the development of blebs upon different part of the
body. Quain.
Pen
Pen (?), n. [OE. penne, OF. penne, pene, F. penne, fr. L. penna.]
1. A feather. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. A wing. [Obs.] Milton.
3. An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed,
or of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other
materials, as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other
instrument for scratching or graving.
Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock. Job xix. 24.
4. Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a sharp pen. "Those
learned pens." Fuller.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The internal shell of a squid.
6. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A female swan. [Prov. Eng.]<--
contrast cob, the male swan -->
Bow pen. See Bow-pen. -- Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines.
-- Drawing, OR Ruling, pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair of
blades between which the ink is contained. -- Fountain pen, Geometric
pen. See under Fountain, and Geometric. -- Music pen, a pen having
five points for drawing the five lines of the staff. -- Pen and ink,
OR pen-and-ink, executed or done with a pen and ink; as, a pen and ink
sketch. -- Pen feather. A pin feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See under
Name. -- Sea pen (Zo\'94l.), a pennatula. [Usually written sea-pen.]
Pen
Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Penning (?).] To
write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to
pen a sonnet. "A prayer elaborately penned." Milton.
Pen
Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?) or Pent (p. pr. & vb. n. Penning.]
[OE. pennen, AS. pennan in on-pennan to unfasten, prob. from the same
source as pin, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See Pin, n. &
v.] To shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure
or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose. "Away with her,
and pen her up." Shak.
Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve. Milton.
Pen
Pen, n. [From Pen to shut in.] A small inclosure; as, a pen for sheep
or for pigs.
My father stole two geese out of a pen. Shak.
Penal
Pe"nal (?), a. [L. poenalis, fr. poena punishment: cf. F. p\'82nal.
See Pain.] Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes
and offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as: (a) Enacting
or threatening punishment; as, a penal statue; the penal code. (b)
Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a penalact of offense.
(c) Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; as, a
penal colony or settlement. "Adamantine chains and penal fire."
Milton. Penal code (Law), a code of laws concerning crimes and
offenses and their punishment. -- Penal laws, Penal statutes (Law),
laws prohibited certain acts, and imposing penalties for committing
them. -- Penal servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison,
in lieu of transportation. [Great Brit.] -- Penal suit, Penal action
(Law), a suit for penalties.
Penality
Pe*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL. poenalitas. See Penalty.] The quality or
state of being penal; lability to punishment. Sir T. Browne.
Penalize
Pe"nal*ize (?), v. t.
1. To make penal.
2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See Penalty, 3. [Eng.]
Penally
Pe"nal*ly (?), adv. In a penal manner.
Penalty
Pe"nal*ty (?), n.; pl. Penalties (#). [F. p\'82nalit\'82. See Penal.]
1. Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering
in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to
the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.
Death is the penalty imposed. Milton.
2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person
subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment
of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.
The penalty and forfeit of my bond. Shak.
3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant]
NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm pe nalty is in la w mo stly ap plied to a
pecuniary punishment.
Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- On, OR Under, penalty
of, on pain of; with exposure to the penalty of, in case of
transgression.
Penance
Pen"ance (?), n. [OF. penance, peneance, L. paenitentia repentance.
See Penitence.]
1. Repentance. [Obs.] Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).
2. Pain; sorrow; suffering. [Obs.] "Joy or penance he feeleth none."
Chaucer.
3. (Eccl.) A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon
for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites,
partly in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the
transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman
Catholic Church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
And bitter penance, with an iron whip. Spenser.
Quoth he, "The man hath penance done, And penance more will do."
Coleridge.
Penance
Pen"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penanced (?).] To impose penance; to
punish. "Some penanced lady elf." Keats.
Penanceless
Pen"ance*less, a. Free from penance. [R.]
Penang nut
Pe*nang" nut` (?). [From the native name.] (Bot.) The betel nut.
Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Penannular
Pen*an"nu*lar (?), a. [L. pene, paene, almost + E. annular.] Nearly
annular; having nearly the form of a ring. "Penannular relics." D.
Wilson.
Penary
Pe"na*ry (?), a. Penal. [Obs.] Gauden.
Penates
Pe*na"tes (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The household gods of the
ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family hearth. See
Lar.
Penaunt
Pen"aunt (?), n. [OF. penant, peneant. See Penitent.] A penitent.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Pence
Pence (?), n., pl. of Penny. See Penny. <-- chiefly Brit. -->
Pencel
Pen"cel (?), n. [See Pennoncel.] A small, narrow flag or streamer
borne at the top of a lance; -- called also pennoncel. [Obs.] Piers
Plowman. Chaucer.
Penchant
Pen`chant" (?), n. [F., fr. pencher to bend, fr. (assumed) LL.
pendicare, L. pendere. See Pendant.] Inclination; decided taste; bias;
as, a penchant for art.
Penchute
Pen"chute` (?), n. See Penstock.
Pencil
Pen"cil (?), n. [OF. pincel, F. pinceau, L. penicillum, penicillus,
equiv. to peniculus, dim. of penis a tail. Cf. Penicil.]
1. A small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying
on colors.
With subtile pencil depainted was this storie. Chaucer.
2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate
etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod
intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used
for drawing or writing. See Graphite.
3. Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also,
in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer,
etc.
4. (Opt.) An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when
diverging from, or converging to, a point.
5. (Geom.) A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of
intersection being called the pencil point.
6. (Med.) A small medicated bougie.
Pencil case, a holder for pencil lead. -- Pencil flower (Bot.), an
American perennial leguminous herb (Stylosanthes elatior). -- Pencil
lead, a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted for insertion
in a holder.
Pencil
Pen"cil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penciled (?) or Pencilled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Penciling or Pencilling.] To write or mark with a pencil; to paint
or to draw. Cowper.
Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers. Harte.
Penciled
Pen"ciled (?), a. [Written also pencilled.]
1. Painted, drawn, sketched, or marked with a pencil.
2. Radiated; having pencils of rays.
3. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with parallel or radiating lines.
Penciling
Pen"cil*ing (?), n. [Written also pencilling.]
1. The work of the pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a
picture.
2. (Brickwork) Lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar
joint in a brick wall. Knight.
Pencillate, Pencillated
Pen"cil*late (?), Pen"cil*la`ted (?), a. Shaped like a pencil;
penicillate.
Pencraft
Pen"craft (?), n.
1. Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.
2. The art of composing or writing; authorship.
I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in pencraft. S
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Pend
Pend (?), n. Oil cake; penock. [India]
Pend
Pend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pended; p. pr. & vb. n. Pending.] [L.
pendere.]
1. To hang; to depend. [R.]
Pending upon certain powerful motions. I. Taylor.
2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.
Pend
Pend, v. t. [Cf. pen to shut in, or AS. pyndan, E. pound an
inclosure.] To pen; to confine. [R.]
ended within the limits . . . of Greece. Udall.
Pendant
Pend"ant (?), n. [F., orig. p.pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere. Cf.
Pendent, Pansy, Pensive, Poise, Ponder.]
1. Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging
appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as to a
chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book.
Some hang upon the pendants of her ear. Pope.
Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its pendant, the
Tales and Popular Fictions. Keightley.
2. (Arch.) A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in
the later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an
important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster
and wood, which are mere decorative features. "[A bridge] with . . .
pendants graven fair." Spenser.
3. (Fine Arts) One of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the
pendant to the other vase.
4. A pendulum. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.
5. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended. [U.S.]
Knight.
Pendant post (Arch.), a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a
post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other
solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of
the roof.
Pendence
Pend"ence (?), n. [See Pendent.] Slope; inclination. [Obs.] Sir H.
Wotton.
Pendency
Pend"en*cy (?), n.
1. The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.
2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance;
suspense; as, the pendency of a suit. Ayliffe.
Pendent
Pend"ent (?), a. [L. pendens, -entis, p.pr. of pendere to hang, to be
suspended. Cf. Pendant.]
1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as,
a pendent leaf. "The pendent world." Shak.
Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle.
Longfellow.
2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. "A vapor sometime like a . .
. pendent rock." Shak.
Pendentive
Pen*den"tive (?), n. [F. pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.] (Arch.)
(a) The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the
middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a
cupola. (b) The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and
springs from, one pier or corbel.
Pendently
Pend"ent*ly, adv. In a pendent manner.
Pendice
Pen"dice (?), n. [Cf. Pentice.] A sloping roof; a lean-to; a
penthouse. [Obs.] Fairfax.
Pendicle
Pen"di*cle (?), n. [Cf. Appendicle.] An appendage; something dependent
on another; an appurtenance; a pendant. Sir W. Scott.
Pendicler
Pen*di*cler (?), n. An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or
croft. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Pending
Pend"ing (?), a. [L. pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf. Pendent.]
Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending suit.
Pending
Pend"ing, prep. During; as, pending the trail.
Pendragon
Pen"drag*on (?), n. A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a
title assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other
chiefs.
The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings. Tennyson.
Pendular
Pen"du*lar (?), a. Pendulous.
Pendulate
Pen"du*late (?), v. i. To swing as a pendulum. [R.]
Pendule
Pen"dule (?), n. [F.] A pendulum. [R.] Evelyn.
Penduline
Pen"du`line (?), n. [F. See Pendulum.] (Zo\'94l.) A European titmouse
(Parus, OR \'92githalus, pendulinus). It is noted for its elegant
pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined
with feathers.
Pendulosity
Pen`du*los"i*ty (?), n. [See Pendulous.] The state or quality of being
pendulous. Sir T. Browne.
Pendulous
Pen"du*lous (?), a. [L. pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf. Pendant,
and cf. Pendulum.]
1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak. "The pendulous
round earth. Milton.
2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful. [R.] "A pendulous state of mind."
Atterbury.
3. (Bot.) Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved
stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.
Pendulously
Pen"du*lous*ly, adv. In a pendulous manner.
Pendulousness
Pen"du*lous*ness, n. The quality or state of being pendulous; the
state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.
Pendulum
Pen"du*lum (?), n.; pl. Pendulums (#). [NL., fr. L. pendulus hanging,
swinging. See Pendulous.] A body so suspended from a fixed point as to
swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and
momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other
machinery.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ti me of oscillation of a pendulum is independent
of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small.
Ballistic pendulum. See under Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum, a
clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the
length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite
expansion of differene metals, that the distance of the center of
oscillation from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the
mercurial compensation pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is
compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting
the bob; the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is effected by
the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different metals. -- Compound
pendulum, an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of
different parts, and contrasted with simple pendulum. -- Conical OR
Revolving, pendulum, a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point;
and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that
point. -- Pendulum bob, the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. --
Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the
balance of a watch. -- Simple OR Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary
pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no weight except at
the center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended
by an ideal line.
Penelope
Pe*nel"o*pe (?), n. [From. L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, the hero
of the Odyssey, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of curassows, including the
guans.
Penetrability
Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82n\'82trabilit\'82.] The
quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated,
entered, or pierced. Cheyne.
Penetrable
Pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L. penetrabilus: cf. F. p\'82n\'82trable.]
Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also
figuratively.
And pierce his only penetrable part. Dryden.
I am not made of stones, But penetrable to your kind entreats.
Shak.
-- Pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n. -- Pen"e*tra*bly, adv.
Penetrail
Pen"e*trail (?), n. Penetralia. [Obs.] Harvey.
Penetralia
Pen`e*tra"li*a (?), n. pl. [L., fr. penetralis penetrating, internal.
See Penetrate.]
1. The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially
of a temple or palace.
2. Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; as, the sacred
penetralia of the home.
Penetrance, Penetrancy
Pen"e*trance (?), Pen"e*tran*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being
penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power of
quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile effluvia.
Penetrant
Pen"e*trant (?), a. [L. penetrans, p.pr. of penetrare: cf. F.
p\'82n\'82trant.] Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp;
subtile; as, penetrant cold. "Penetrant and powerful arguments."
Boyle.
Penetrate
Pen"e*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Penetrating.] [L. penetratus, p.p. of penetrare to penetrate; akin to
penitus inward, inwardly, and perh. to pens with, in the power of,
penus store of food, innermost part of a temple.]
1. To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an
entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates darkness.
2. To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with
feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's
heart with pity. Shak.
The translator of Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of
the plainness and directness of Homer's style. M. Arnold.
3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or
meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to
understand.
Things which here were too subtile for us to penetrate. Ray.
Penetrate
Pen"e*trate, v. i. To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used
figuratively.
Preparing to penetrate to the north and west. J. R. Green.
Born where Heaven's influence scarce can penetrate. Pope.
The sweet of life that penetrates so near. Daniel.
Penetrating
Pen"e*tra`ting (?), a.
1. Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp;
subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor.
2. Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a penetrating
mind.
Penetratingly
Pen"e*tra`ting*ly, adv. In a penetrating manner.
Penetration
Pen"e*tra`tion (?), n. [L. penetratio: cf. F. p\'82n\'82tration.]
1. The act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the
act of mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything
difficult.
And to each in ward part, With gentle penetration, though unseen,
Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep. Milton.
A penetration into the difficulties of algebra. Watts.
2. Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of
singular penetration. Walpole. Syn. -- Discernment; sagacity;
acuteness; sharpness; discrimination. See Discernment, and Sagacity.
Penetrative
Pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82n\'82tratif.]
1. Tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the
penetrative sun.
His look became keen and penetrative. Hawthorne.
2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart;
impressive; as, penetrative shame. Shak.
3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as, penetrative wisdom. "The
penetrative eye." Wordsworth.
Led on by skill of penetrative soul. Grainger.
Penetrativeness
Pen"e*tra*tive*ness, n. The quality of being penetrative.
Penfish
Pen"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A squid.
Penfold
Pen"fold` (?), n. See Pinfold.
Pengolin
Pen"go*lin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)The pangolin.
Penguin
Pen"guin (?), n. [Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W. pen
head + gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American name.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are
covered with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings,
which are without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their
wings to aid in diving, in which they are very expert. See King
penguin, under Jackass.
NOTE: &hand; Pe nguins ar e fo und in th e so uth te mperate an d
antarctic regions. The king penguins (Aptenodytes Patachonica, and
A. longirostris) are the largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus)
and the rock hoppers (Catarractes) congregate in large numbers at
their breeding grounds.
2. (Bot.) The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (Bromelia
Pinguin) of the Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has
rigid, pointed, and spiny-toothed leaves, and is used for hedges.
[Written also pinguin.]
Arctic penguin (Zo\'94l.), the great auk. See Auk.
Penguinery
Pen"guin*er*y (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A breeding place, or rookery, of
penguins.
Penholder
Pen"hold`er (?), n. A handle for a pen.
Penhouse
Pen"house` (?), n. A penthouse. [Obs.]
Penible
Pen*i"ble (?), a. [OF. penible. Cf. Painable.] Painstaking; assidous.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Penicil
Pen"i*cil (?), n. [L. penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush, a
roil of lint, a tent for wounds.] (mented.) A tent or pledget for
wounds or ulcers.
Penicillate
Pen`i*cil"late (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nicill\'82. See Penicil.] (Biol.)
Having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs;
ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of
some grasses.
Penicilliform
Pen`i*cil"li*form (?), a. (Bot.) Penicillate.
Peninsula
Pen*in"su*la (?), n. [L. peninsula or paeninsula; paene almost +
insula an island. See Isle.] A portion of land nearly surrounded by
water, and connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.
Peninsular
Pen*in"su*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82ninsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a
peninsula; as, a peninsular form; peninsular people; the peninsular
war.
Peninsulate
Pen*in"su*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peninsulated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Peninsulating.] To form into a peninsula.
South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill farm. W. Bentley.
Penis
Pe"nis (?), n. [L.] (Anat.) The male member, or organ of generation.
Penitence
Pen"i*tence (?), n. [F. p\'82nitence, L. paenitentia. See Penitent,
and cf. Penance.] The quality or condition of being penitent; the
disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance;
contrition. "Penitence of his old guilt." Chaucer.
Death is deferred, and penitenance has room To mitigate, if not
reverse, the doom. Dryden.
Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.
Penitencer
Pen"i*ten*cer (?), n. [F. p\'82nitencier.] A priest who heard
confession and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases. [Written also
penitenser.] [Obs.] Chaucer.
Penitency
Pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Penitence. [Obs.]
Penitent
Pen"i*tent (?), a. [F. p\'82nitent, L. paenitens, -entis, poenitens,
p.pr. of paenitere, poenitere, to cause to repent, to repent; prob.
akin to poena punishment. See Pain.]
1. Feeling pain or sorrow on account of sins or offenses; repentant;
contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on
amendment of life.
Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. Milton.
The pound he tamed, the penitent he cheered. Dryden.
2. Doing penance. [Obs.] Shak.
Penitent
Pen"i*tent, n.
1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his
transgressions.
2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing
penance.
3. One under the direction of a confessor.
NOTE: &hand; Pe nitents is an ap pellation gi ven to ce rtain
fraternities in Roman Catholic countries, distinguished by their
habit, and employed in charitable acts.
Penitential
Pen`i*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nitentiel.] Of or pertaining to
penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of
penance; as, the penitential book; penitential tears. "Penitential
stripes." Cowper.
Guilt that all the penitential fires of hereafter can not cleanse.
Sir W. Scott.
Penitential
Pen`i*ten"tial, n. (R. C. Ch.) A book formerly used by priests hearing
confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; --
called also penitential book.
Penitentially
Pen`i*ten"tial*ly, adv. In a penitential manner.
Penitentiary
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nitentiaire.]
1. Relating to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. "A
penitentiary tax." Abp. Bramhall.
2. Expressive of penitence; as, a penitentiary letter.
3. Used for punishment, discipline, and reformation. "Penitentiary
houses." Blackstone.
Penitentiary
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry, n.; pl. Penitentiaries (#). [Cf. F. p\'82nitencier.
See Penitent.]
1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. One who does penance. [Obs.] Hammond.
3. A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed. Shpiley.
4. That part of a church to which penitents were admitted. Shipley.
5. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An office of the papal court which examines cases
of conscience, confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers
decisions, dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the
Grand Penitentiary, appointed by the pope. (b) An officer in some
dioceses since A. D. 1215, vested with power from the bishop to
absolve in cases reserved to him.
6. A house of correction, in which offenders are confined for
punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are
generally compelled to labor.
Penitentiaryship
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or condition of a penitentiary of
the papal court. [R.] Wood.
Penitently
Pen"i*tent*ly, adv. In a penitent manner.
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Penk
Penk (?), n. A minnow. See Pink, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] Walton.
Penknife
Pen"knife` (?), n.; pl. Penknives (#). [Pen + knife.] A small
pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens.
Penman
Pen"man (?), n.; pl. Penmen (.
1. One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the
pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.
2. An author; a composer. South.
Penmanship
Pen"man*ship, n. The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing;
style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.
Penna
Pen"na (?), n.; pl. Penn\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) A perfect, or
normal, feather.
Pennaceous
Pen"na"ceous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to a normal
feather.
Pennach
Pen"nach (?), n. [OF. pennache. See Panache.] A bunch of feathers; a
plume. [Obs.] Holland.
Pennached
Pen"nached (?), a. [Cf. OF. pennach\'82. See Panache.] Variegated;
striped. [Obs.] Evelyn.
Pennage
Pen"nage (?), n. [L. penna feather.] Feathery covering; plumage.
[Obs.] Holland.
Pennant
Pen"nant (?), n. [OE. penon, penoun, pynoun, OF. penon, F. pennon, fr.
L. penna feather. See Pen a feather, and cf. Pennon, Pinion.] (Naut.)
(a) A small flag; a pennon. The narrow, OR long, pennant (called also
whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the
masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant is an
oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's
vessel. "With flags and pennants trimmed." Drayton. (b) A rope or
strap to which a purchase is hooked.
Pennate, Pennated
Pen"nate (?), Pen"na*ted (?), a. [L. pennatus feathered, winged, from
penna feather, wing.]
1. Winged; plume-shaped.
2. (Bot.) Same as Pinnate.
Pennatula
Pen*nat"u*la (?), n.; pl. L. Pennatul\'91 (#), E. Pennatulas (#).
[NL., fr. L. penna a feather.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species
of Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a
featherlike form; a sea-pen. The zooids are situated along one edge of
the side branches.
Pennatulacea
Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pennatula.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds.
They are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle,
which also serves to support them upright in the mud. See Pennatula,
and Illust. under Alcyonaria.
Penned
Penned (?), a.
1. Winged; having plumes. [Obs.]
2. Written with a pen; composed. "Their penned speech." Shak.
Penner
Pen"ner (?), n.
1. One who pens; a writer. Sir T. North.
2. A case for holding pens. [Obs.]
Penniform
Pen"ni*form (?), a. [L. penna feather + -form: cf. F. penniforme.]
Having the form of a feather or plume.
Pennigerous
Pen*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. penniger; penna feather + gerere to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing feathers or quills.
Penniless
Pen"ni*less (?), a. [From Penny.] Destitute of money; impecunious;
poor. -- Pen"ni*less*ness, n.
Penninerved
Pen"ni*nerved` (?), a. [L. penna feather + E. nerve.] Pinnately veined
or nerved.
Pennipotent
Pen*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. pennipotens; penna wing + potens strong.]
Strong of wing; strong on the wing. [Poetic] Davies (Holy Roode).
Pennon
Pen"non (?), n. [Cf. Pinion.] A wing; a pinion. Milton.
Pennon
Pen"non, n. [See Pennant.] A pennant; a flag or streamer. Longfellow.
Pennoncel, Pennoncelle
Pen"non*cel`, Pen"non*celle` (?), n. [OF. penoncel. See Pennant.] See
Pencel.
Penny
Pen"ny (?), a. [Perh. a corruption of pun, for pound.] Denoting pound
weight for one thousand; -- used in combination, with respect to
nails; as, tenpenny nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten
pounds.
Penny
Pen*ny, n.; pl. Pennies (#) or Pence (. Pennies denotes the number of
coins; pence the amount of pennies in value. [OE. peni, AS. penig,
pening, pending; akin to D. penning, OHG. pfenning, pfenting, G.
pfennig, Icel. penningr; of uncertain origin.]
1. An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth
part of an English shilling in account value, and equal to four
farthings, or about two cents; -- usually indicated by the
abbreviation d. (the initial of denarius).
NOTE: &hand; "The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the
only one, corresponded to the denarius of the Continent . . . [and
was] called penny, denarius, or denier." R. S. Poole. The ancient
silver penny was worth about three pence sterling (see
Pennyweight). The old Scotch penny was only one twelfth the value
of the English coin. In the United States the word penny is
popularly used for cent.
2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver. Shak.
3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest penny.
What penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent?
Shak.
4. (Script.) See Denarius.
Penny cress (Bot.), an annual herb of the Mustard family, having
round, flat pods like silver pennies (Thlaspi arvense). Dr. Prior. --
Penny dog (Zo\'94l.), a kind of shark found on the South coast of
Britain: the tope. -- Penny father, a penurious person; a niggard.
[Obs.] Robinson (More's Utopia). -- Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal.
[R.] -- Penny post, a post carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail
carrier. -- Penny wise, wise or prudent only in small matters; saving
small sums while losing larger; -- used chiefly in the phrase, penny
wise and pound foolish.
Penny
Pen"ny (?), a. Worth or costing one penny.
Penny-a-liner
Pen"ny-a-lin"er (?), n. One who furnishes matter to public journals at
so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer. Thackeray.
Pennyroyal
Pen`ny*roy"al (?), n. [A corruption of OE. puliall royal. OE. puliall
is ultimately derived fr. L. puleium, or pulegium regium (so called as
being good against fleas), fr. pulex a flea; and royal is a
translation of L. regium, in puleium regium.] (Bot.) An aromatic herb
(Mentha Pulegium) of Europe; also, a North American plant (Hedeoma
pulegioides) resembling it in flavor. Bastard pennyroyal (Bot.) See
Blue curls, under Blue.
Pennyweight
Pen"ny*weight` (?), n. A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or
the twentieth part of an ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of
arsenic. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the
name.
Pennywort
Pen"ny*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European trailing herb (Linaria
Cymbalaria) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in
hanging baskets. March, OR Water, pennywort. (Bot.) See under March.
Pennyworth
Pen"ny*worth` (?), n.
1. A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny. "A dear
pennyworth." Evelyn.
2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for money
laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.
The priests sold the better pennyworths. Locke.
3. A small quantity; a trifle. Bacon.
Penock
Pen"ock (?), n. See Pend.
Penological
Pen`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to penology.
Penologist
Pe*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or a student of, penology.
Penology
Pe*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. poena, punishment + -logy.] The science or
art of punishment. [Written also p&oe;nology.]
Penrack
Pen"rack` (?), n. A rack for pens not in use.
Pens
Pens (?), n., pl. of Penny. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pensative
Pen"sa*tive (?), a. Pensive. [Obs.] Shelton.
Pensel
Pen"sel (?), n. A pencel. Chaucer.
Pensible
Pen"si*ble (?), a. Held aloft. [Obs.] Bacon.
Pensile
Pen"sile (?), a. [L. pensilis, fr. pendere to hang: cf. OE. pensil.
See Pendant.] Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous. Bacon.
The long, pensile branches of the birches. W. Howitt.
Pensileness
Pen"sile*ness, n. State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness.
Pension
Pen"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. pensio a paying, payment, fr. pendere,
pensum, to weight, to pay; akin to pend to hang. See Pendant, and cf.
Spend.]
1. A payment; a tribute; something paid or given. [Obs.]
The stomach's pension, and the time's expense. Sylvester.
2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services;
payment made to one retired from service, on account of age,
disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a
government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families
of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like.
To all that kept the city pensions and wages. 1 Esd. iv. 56.
3. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes.
[Eng.] Mozley & W.
4. [F., pronounced .] A boarding house or boarding school in France,
Belgium, Switzerland, etc.
Pension
Pen"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pensioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pensioning.] To grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in
consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by
off; as, to pension off a servant.
One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles. Pope.
Pensionary
Pen"sion*a*ry (?), a.
1. Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as, pensionary spies.
Donne.
2. Consisting of a pension; as, a pensionary provision for
maintenance.
Pensionary
Pen"sion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pensionaries (#). [Cf. F. pensionnaire. Cf.
Pensioner.]
1. One who receives a pension; a pensioner. E. Hall.
2. One of the chief magistrates of towns in Holland.
Grand pensionary, the title of the prime minister, or or president of
the Council, of Holland when a republic.
Pensioner
Pen"sion*er (?), n.
1. One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a dependent.
The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train. Milton.
Old pensioners . . . of Chelsea Hospital. Macaulay.
2. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of
England on state occasions, and receive an annual pension, or
allowance, of \'9c150 and two horses.
3. [Cf. F. pensionnaire one who pays for his board. Cf. Pensionary,
n.] In the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his
living in commons; -- corresponding to commoner at Oxford. Ld. Lytton.
Pensive
Pen"sive (?), a. [F. pensif, fr. penser to think, fr. L. pensare to
weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr. pendere to weigh. See Pension,
Poise.]
1. Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; given
to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.
The pensive secrecy of desert cell. Milton.
Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed. Pope.
2. Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, pensive
numbers. Prior.
Pensived
Pen"sived (?), a. Made pensive. [R.] Shak.
Pensively
Pen"sive*ly (?), adv. In a pensive manner.
Pensiveness
Pen"sive*ness, n. The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness;
seriousness. Hooker.
Penstock
Pen"stock (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain; perh. fr. pen an inclosure +
stock.]
1. A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water wheel,
or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.
2. The barrel of a wooden pump.
Pent
Pent (?), p. p. OR a. [From Pen, v. t.] Penned or shut up; confined;
-- often with up.
Here in the body pent. J. Montgomery.
No pent-up Utica contracts your powers. J. M. Sewall.
Penta-
Pen"ta- (?). [Gr. Five.]
1. A combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon.
2. (Chem.) Denoting the degree of five, either as regards quality,
property, or composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide, etc. Also used
adjectively.
Pentabasic
Pen`ta*ba"sic (?), a. [Penta- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of uniting
with five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms
capable of substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.
Pentacapsular
Pen`ta*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Penta- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having five
capsules.
Pentachenium
Pen`ta*che"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Achenium.] (Bot.) A dry
fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an epigynous
calyx and separate at maturity.
Pentachloride
Pen`ta*chlo"ride (?), n. [Penta- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride
having five atoms of chlorine in each molecule.
Pentachord
Pen"ta*chord (?), n. [L. pentachordus five-stringed, Gr.
1. An ancient instrument of music with five strings.
2. An order or system of five sounds. Busby.
Pentacid
Pen*tac"id ( [Penta- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or
combining with, five molecules of a monobasic acid; having five
hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid residues; -- said of
certain complex bases.
Pentacle
Pen"ta*cle (?), n. [Gr. A figure composed of two equilateral triangles
intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in early
ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the astrologers
and mystics of the Middle Ages.<-- ?? Usually, it is a five-pointed
star, also called a pentagram or pentalpha. See illustr. under
pentalpha. The six-pointed is also called Solomon's seal; it resembles
the star of David (Magen David) [not listed in the W1913] -->
Pentacoccous
Pen`ta*coc"cous (?), a. [See Penta-, Coccus.] (Bot.) Composed of five
united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits.
Pentaconter
Pen"ta*con`ter (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) See Penteconter.
Pentacrinin
Pen*tac"ri*nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A red and purple pigment found
in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.
Pentacrinite
Pen*tac"ri*nite (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Pentacrinus.
Pentacrinoid
Pen*tac"ri*noid (?), n. [Pentacrinus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An immature
comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a
Pentacrinus.
Pentacrinus
Pen*tac"ri*nus (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Crinum.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in
deep water among the West Indies and elsewhere.
Pentacron
Pen*ta"cron (?), n.; pl. L. Pentacra (#), E. Pentacrons (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. (Geom.) A solid having five summits or angular points.
Pentacrostic
Pen`ta*cros"tic (?), n. [Penta- + acrostic.] A set of verses so
disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five
times -- the whole set of verses being divided into five different
parts from top to bottom.
Pentad
Pen"tad (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) Any element, atom, or radical, having a
valence of five, or which can be combined with, substituted for, or
compared with, five atoms of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is
a pentad in the ammonium compounds.
Pentad
Pen"tad, a. (Chem.) Having the valence of a pentad.
Pentadactyl, Pentadactyle
Pen`ta*dac"tyl, Pen`ta*dac"tyle (?), a. [Gr. Penta-, and Dactyl.]
1. (Anat.) Having five digits to the hand or foot.
2. Having five appendages resembling fingers or toes.
Pentadactyloid
Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid (?), a. [Pentadactyl + -oid.] (Anat.) Having the
form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb.
Pentadecane
Pen`ta*dec"ane (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the
paraffin series, (C15H32) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and
obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the fifteen carbon
atoms in the molecule.
Pentadecatoic
Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [Penta- + decatoic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, or derived from, pentadecane, or designating an acid related to
it.
Pentadecylic
Pen`ta*decyl"ic (?), a. [Penta- + decylic.] (Chem.) Same as
Quindecylic<-- = pentadecyl? -->.
Pentadelphous
Pen`ta*del"phous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having the stamens
arranged in five clusters, those of each cluster having their
filaments more or less united, as the flowers of the linden.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1062
Pentafid
Pen"ta*fid (?), a. [Penta- + root of L. findere to split.] (Bot.)
Divided or cleft into five parts.
Pentaglot
Pen"ta*glot (?), n. [Penta- + -glot, as in polyglot.] A work in five
different tongues.
Pentagon
Pen"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. Penta-) + gwni`a angle: cf. L. pentagonium, F.
pentagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having five angles, and,
consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles. Regular
pentagon, a pentagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides
all equal.
Pentagonal
Pen*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. pentagonal, pentagone, L. pentagonus,
pentagonius, Gr. Having five corners or angles. Pentagonal
dodecahedron. See Dodecahedron, and Pyritohedron.
Pentagonally
Pen*tag"o*nal*ly, adv. In the form of a pentagon; with five angles.
Sir T. Browne.
Pentagonous
Pen*tag"o*nous (?), a. Pentagonal.
Pentagram
Pen"ta*gram (?), n. [Gr. Penta-, and -gram.] A pentacle or a
pentalpha. "Like a wizard pentagram." Tennyson.
Pentagraphic, Pentagraphical
Pen`ta*graph"ic (?), Pen`ta*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Corrupted fr.
pantographic, -ical.] Pantographic. See Pantograph.
Pentagynia
Pen`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
order of plants, having five styles or pistils.
Pentagynian, Pentagynous
Pen`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Pen*tag"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
plants of the order Pentagyna; having five styles.
Pentahedral
Pen`ta*he"dral (?), a. Having five sides; as, a pentahedral figure.
Pentahedrical
Pen`ta*hed"ric*al (?), a. Pentahedral. [R.]
Pentahedron
Pen`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. "e`dra seat, base.] A solid
figure having five sides.
Pentahedrous
Pen`ta*he"drous (?), a. Pentahedral. Woodward.
Pentail
Pen"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar insectivore (Ptilocercus
Lowii) of Borneo; -- so called from its very long, quill-shaped tail,
which is scaly at the base and plumose at the tip.
Pentalpha
Pen*tal"pha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pentalpha. See Penta-, and Alpha.] A
five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at their bases; --
used as a symbol. <-- also called pentagram and pentacle? -->
Pentamera
Pen*tam"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Zo\'94l.) An
extensive division of Coleoptera, including those that normally have
five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all the known species of
the Coleoptera.
Pentameran
Pen*tam"er*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pentamera.
Pentamerous
Pen*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr.
1. (Biol.) Divided into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged
in sets, with five parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals,
five petals, five, or twice five, stamens, and five pistils.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Pentamera.
Pentamerus
Pen*tam"e*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Paleon.) A genus of
extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in the Upper
Silurian. Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a Silurian limestone composed
largely of the shells of Pentamerus.
Pentameter
Pen*tam"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Gr. & L.Pros.) A verse
of five feet.
NOTE: &hand; Th e da ctylic pe ntameter co nsists of tw o pa rts
separated by a di\'91resis. Each part consists of two dactyls and a
long syllable. The spondee may take the place of the dactyl in the
first part, but not in the second. The elegiac distich consists of
the hexameter followed by the pentameter.
Harkness.
Pentameter
Pen*tam"e*ter, a. Having five metrical feet.
Pentamethylene
Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene (?), n. [Penta- + methylene.] (Chem.) A
hypothetical hydrocarbon, C5H10, metameric with the amylenes, and the
nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded
as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. Trimethylene, and
Tetramethylene.
Pentandria
Pen*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
class of plants having five separate stamens.
Pentandrian, Pentandrous
Pen*tan"dri*an (?), Pen*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
the class Pentadria; having five stamens.
Pentane
Pen"tane (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Any one of the three metameric
hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the methane or paraffin series. They are
colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So
called because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule.
Pentangle
Pen"tan`gle (?), n. [Penta- + angle.] A pentagon. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Pentangular
Pen*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Penta- + angular.] Having five corners or
angles. [R.]
Pentapetalous
Pen`ta*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Penta- + petal.] (Bot.) Having five petals,
or flower leaves.
Pentaphyllous
Pen*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having five leaves or
leaflets.
Pentapody
Pen*tap"o*dy (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. (Pros.) A measure or series
consisting of five feet.
Pentaptote
Pen"tap*tote (?), n. [L. (pl.) pentaptota. Gr. Penta-) + (Gram.) A
noun having five cases.
Pentaptych
Pen"tap*tych (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. (Fine Arts) A picture, or
combination of pictures, consisting of a centerpiece and double
folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.
Pentarchy
Pen"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. pentarchie. See Penta-, and -archy.] A
government in the hands of five persons; five joint rulers. P.
Fletcher. "The pentarchy of the senses." A. Brewer.
Pentaspast
Pen"ta*spast (?), n. [L. pentaspaston, Gr. Penta-) + pentaspaste.] A
purchase with five pulleys. [R.]
Pentaspermous
Pen`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Containing five seeds.
Pentastich
Pen"ta*stich (?), n. [Gr. Penta-) + A composition consisting of five
verses.
Pentastichous
Pen*tas"ti*chous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having, or arranged in,
five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a cherry tree.
Pentastomida
Pen`ta*stom"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Penta-) + (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Linguatulina.
Pentastyle
Pen"ta*style (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Arch.) Having five columns in
front; -- said of a temple or portico in classical architecture. -- n.
A portico having five columns.
Pentateuch
Pen"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. pentateuchus, Gr. Penta-) + text. See Five,
and Text.] The first five books of the Old Testament, collectively; --
called also the Law of Moses, Book of the Law of Moses, etc.
Pentateuchal
Pen`ta*teu"chal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch.
Pentathionic
Pen`ta*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Penta- + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide
into a solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains
five atoms of sulphur.
Pentathlon
Pen*tath"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A fivefold athletic
performance peculiar to the great national games of the Greeks,
including leaping, foot racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and
throwing the spear.
Pentatomic
Pen`ta*tom"ic (?), a. [Penta- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having five atoms
in the molecule. (b) Having five hydrogen atoms capable of
substitution.
Pentavalent
Pen*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Penta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.) Having a valence of five; -- said of certain atoms and
radicals.
Penteconter
Pen"te*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A Grecian vessel with fifty
oars. [Written also pentaconter.]
Pentecost
Pen"te*cost (?), n. [L. pentecoste, Gr. Five, and cf. Pingster.]
1. A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because celebrated on
the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover
(which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); -- hence
called, also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering of the
first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally
regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day
after the departure from Egypt.
2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in
commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which
occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday. Shak.
Pentecostal
Pen`te*cos"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to
Whitsuntide.
Pentecostals
Pen`te*cos"tals (?), n. pl. Offerings formerly made to the parish
priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost. Shipley.
Pentecoster
Pen`te*cos"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An officer in the
Spartan army commanding fifty men. Mitford.
Pentecosty
Pen`te*cos"ty (?), n.; pl. Pentecosties (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A troop
of fifty soldiers in the Spartan army; -- called also pentecostys.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Pentelic, Pentelican
Pen*tel"ic (?), Pen*tel"i*can (?), a. Of or pertaining to Mount
Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries;
obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as, the Pentelic marble of which the
Parthenon is built.
Pentene
Pen"tene (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Amylene.
Penthouse
Pent"house` (?), n. [A corruption of pentice.] A shed or roof sloping
from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to.
Also figuratively. "The penthouse of his eyes." Sir W. Scott. <-- 2.
An apartment at the top of a building. It is often the most
luxuriously appointed apartment, and is thus used as a metaphor for
luxurious living. -->
Penthouse
Pent"house`, a. Leaning; overhanging. "Penthouse lid." Shak. "My
penthouse eyebrows." Dryden.
Pentice
Pen"tice (?), n. [F. appentis a penthouse. See Append.] A penthouse.
[Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
Pentile
Pen"tile` (?), n. See Pantile.
Pentine
Pen"tine (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon,
C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same as Valerylene.
Pentoic
Pen*to"ic (?), a. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or desingating,
an acid (called also valeric acid) derived from pentane.
Pentone
Pen"tone (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Valylene.
Pentoxide
Pen*tox"ide (?), n. [Penta- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing five
atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.
Pentremite
Pen"tre*mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pentremites.
Pentremites
Pen`tre*mi"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. remus an oar.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have five
petal-like ambulacra.
Pentroof
Pent"roof` (?), n. [F. pente slope + E. roof, or from penthouse roof.]
See Lean-to.
Pentrough
Pen"trough` (?), n. A penstock.
Pentyl
Pen"tyl (?), n. [Penta + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl.
Pentylic
Pen*tyl"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl;
as, pentylic alcohol
Penuchle, Pinocle
Pe"nu*chle (?), Pin"o*cle (?), n. A game at cards, played with
forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two
packs.
Penult
Pe"nult (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.) The last
syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one.
Penultima
Pe*nul"ti*ma (?), n. [L. (sc. syllaba), fr. penultimus, paenultimus,
the last but one; paene almost + ultimus the last.] Same as Penult.
Penultimate
Pe*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the
last syllable but one of a word.
Penultimate
Pe*nul"ti*mate, n. The penult.
Penumbra
Pe*num"bra (?), n. [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.]
1. An incomplete or partial shadow.
2. (Astron.) The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is
partly, but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of
partial illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all
sides, and the full light. Sir I. Newton.
NOTE: &hand; Th e fa int shade surrounding the dark central portion
of a solar spot is also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra.
3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends
with the light.
Penumbrala
Pe*num"brala. Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra;
partially illuminated.
Penurious
Pe*nu"ri*ous (?), a. [From Penury.]
1. Excessively sparing in the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly.
"A penurious niggard of his wealth." Milton.
2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.
Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream. C. Pitt.
3. Destitute of money; suffering extreme want. [Obs.] "My penurious
band." Shak. Syn. -- Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly;
niggardly; stingy. See Avaricious. --Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n.
Penury
Pen"u*ry (?), n. [L. penuria; cf. Gr. p\'82nurie.]
1. Absence of resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty;
destitution. "A penury of military forces." Bacon.
They were exposed to hardship and penury. Sprat.
It arises in neither from penury of thought. Landor.
2. Penuriousness; miserliness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
Penwiper
Pen"wip`er (?), n. A cloth, or other material, for wiping off or
cleaning ink from a pen.
Penwoman
Pen"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Penwomen (. A female writer; an authoress.
Johnson.
Peon
Pe"on (?), n. See Poon.
Peon
Pe"on, n. [Sp. peon, or Pg. pe, one who travels on foot, a foot
soldier, a pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.]
1. A foot soldier; a policeman; also, an office attendant; a
messenger. [India]
2. A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of the Spanish
American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of qualified
servitude, to work out a debt.
3. (Chess) See 2d Pawn.
Peonage
Pe"on*age (?), n. The condition of a peon.
Peonism
Pe"on*ism (?), n. Same as Peonage. D. Webster.
Peony
Pe"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Peonies (#). [OE. pione, pioine, pioni, OF.
pione, F. pivoine, L. paeonia, Gr. P\'91an.] (Bot.) A plant, and its
flower, of the ranunculaceous genus P\'91onia. Of the four or five
species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial herbs with showy
flowers, often double in cultivation. [Written also p\'91ony, and
piony.]
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Page 1063
People
Peo"ple (?), n. [OE. peple, people, OF. pueple, F. peuple, fr. L.
populus. Cf. Populage, Public, Pueblo.]
1. The body of persons who compose a community, tribe, nation, or
race; an aggregate of individuals forming a whole; a community; a
nation.
Unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen. xlix. 10.
The ants are a people not strong. Prov. xxx. 25.
Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues. Rev. x. 11.
Earth's monarchs are her peoples. Whitter
.
A government of all the people, by all the people, for all the
people. T. Parker.
NOTE: &hand; Peopleis a collective noun, generally construed with a
plural verb, and only occasionally used in the plural form
(peoples), in the sense of nations or races.
2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks;
population, or part of population; as, country people; -- sometimes
used as an indefinite subject or verb, like on in French, and man in
German; as, people in adversity.
People were tempted to lend by great premiums. Swift
.
People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water.
Arbuthnot
.
3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the
commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles and
people.
And strive to gain his pardon from the people. Addison
.
4. With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's ancestors or family; kindred;
relations; as, my people were English. (b) One's subjects; fellow
citizens; companions; followers. "You slew great number of his
people." Shak. Syn. -- People, Nation. When speaking of a state, we
use people for the mass of the community, as distinguished from their
rulers, and nation for the entire political body, including the
rulers. In another sense of the term, nation describes those who are
descended from the same stock; and in this sense the Germans regard
themselves as one nation, though politically subject to different
forms of government.
People
Peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr. & vb. n. Peopling (.]
[Cf. OF. popler, puepler, F. puepler. Cf. Populate.] To stock with
people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate. "Peopled
heaven with angels." Dryden.
As the gay motes that people the sunbeams. Milton
.
Peopled
Peo"pled (?), a. Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited. "The
peopled air." Gray.
Peopleless
Peo"ple*less, a. Destitute of people. Poe.
Peopler
Peo"pler (?), n. A settler; an inhabitant. "Peoplers of the peaceful
glen." J. S. Blackie.
Peoplish
Peo"plish (?), a. Vulgar. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Peorias
Pe*o"ri*as (?), n. pl.; sing. Peoria (. (Ethnol.) An Algonquin tribe
of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois.
Pepastic
Pe*pas"tic (?), a. & n. [Gr. p\'82pastique.] (Med.) Same as
Maturative.
Peperine, Peperino
Pep"e*rine (?), Pep`e*ri"no (?), n. [It. peperino, L. piper pepper. So
called on account of its color.] (Geol.) A volcanic rock, formed by
the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders, etc.
Peplis
Pep"lis (?), n. [L., a kind of plant, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants
including water purslane.
Peplus
Pep"lus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. An upper garment worn by Grecian and Roman women.
2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen. [Obs.] Fairholt.
Pepo
Pe"po (?), n. [L., a kind of melon, from Gr. (Bot.) Any fleshy fruit
with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See Gourd.
Pepper
Pep"per (?), n. [OE. peper, AS. pipor, L. piper, fr. Gr. pippala,
pippali.]
1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either
whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum.
NOTE: &hand; Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry,
dried just before maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe
berry after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and
friction. It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than
the black pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative
stimulant.
2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber
(Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes
opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by
extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper,
widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of
the earth.
3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as, the
bell pepper.
NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm pe pper ha s been extended to various other
fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper,
esp. to the common varieties of Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the
Phrases, below.
African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea. -- Cayenne
pepper. See under Cayenne. -- Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the
Xanthoxylum piperitum, a species of prickly ash found in China and
Japan. -- Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum. -- Jamaica
pepper. See Allspice. -- Long pepper. (a) The spike of berries of
Piper longum, an East Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, OR
Macropiper, methysticum. See Kava. -- Malaguetta, OR Meleguetta,
pepper, the aromatic seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant
of the Ginger family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc.,
under the name of grains of Paradise. -- Red pepper. See Capsicum. --
Sweet pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Clethra alnifolia), with
racemes of fragrant white flowers; -- called also white alder. --
Pepper box OR caster, a small box or bottle, with a perforated lid,
used for sprinkling ground pepper on food, etc. -- Pepper corn. See in
the Vocabulary. -- Pepper elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several
plants of the Pepper family, species of Piper and Peperomia. -- Pepper
moth (Zo\'94l.), a European moth (Biston betularia) having white wings
covered with small black specks. -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or
stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies. --
Pepper root. (Bot.). See Coralwort. -- pepper sauce, a condiment for
the table, made of small red peppers steeped in vinegar. -- Pepper
tree (Bot.), an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the Magnolia
family, common in New Zealand. See Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic.
Pepper
Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peppered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peppering.]
1. To sprinkle or season with pepper.
2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to
pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds. "I have
peppered two of them." "I am peppered, I warrant, for this world."
Shak.
Pepper
Pep"per, v. i. To fire numerous shots (at).
Pepperbrand
Pep"per*brand` (?), n. (Bot.) See 1st Bunt.
Peppercorn
Pep"per*corn` (?), n.
1. A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper nigrum).
2. Anything insignificant; a particle.
Pepper dulse
Pep"per dulse` (?). (Bot.) A variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia
pinnatifida) distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.] Lindley.
Pepperer
Pep"per*er (?), n. A grocer; -- formerly so called because he sold
pepper. [Obs.]
Peppergrass
Pep"per*grass` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Any herb of the cruciferous genus
Lepidium, especially the garden peppergrass, or garden cress, Lepidium
sativum; -- called also pepperwort. All the species have a pungent
flavor. (b) The common pillwort of Europe (Pilularia globulifera). See
Pillwort.
Pepperidge
Pep"per*idge (?), n. [Cf. NL. berberis, E. barberry.] (Bot.) A North
American tree (Nyssa multiflora) with very tough wood, handsome oval
polished leaves, and very acid berries, -- the sour gum, or common
tupelo. See Tupelo. [Written also piperidge and pipperidge.]
Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the barberry.
Peppering
Pep"per*ing, a. Hot; pungent; peppery. Swift.
Peppermint
Pep"per*mint (?), n. [Pepper + mint.]
1. (Bot.) An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus Mentha (M.
piperita), much used in medicine and confectionery.
2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb;
also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained
from it.
3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint.
Peppermint camphor. (Chem.) Same as Menthol. -- Peppermint tree
(Bot.), a name given to several Australian species of gum tree
(Eucalyptus amygdalina, E. piperita, E. odorata, etc.) which have hard
and durable wood, and yield an essential oil.
Pepperwort
Pep"per*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Peppergrass.
Peppery
Pep"per*y (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper; hot;
pungent.
2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.
Pepsin
Pep"sin (?), n. [Gr. pepsine. Cf. Dyspepsia.] (Physiol. Chem.) An
unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory
glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute
hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together
constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active
agent in the gastric juice of all animals.
NOTE: &hand; As pr epared fr om th e gl andular la yer of pigs' or
calves' stomachs it constitutes an important article of pharmacy.
Pepsinhydrochloric
Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Peptohydrochloric.
Pepsinogen
Pep*sin"o*gen (?), n. [Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) The antecedent
of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules
in the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible
into pepsin. Also called propepsin.
Peptic
Pep"tic (?), a. [L. pepticus, Gr. Pepsin.]
1. Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic
sauces.
2. Able to digest. [R.]
Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic. Carlyle.
3. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its
power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or
yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.
Peptic
Pep"tic, n.
1. An agent that promotes digestion.
2. pl. The digestive organs.
Is there some magic in the place, Or do my peptics differ?
Tennyson.
Peptics
Pep"tics (?), n. The science of digestion.
Peptogen
Pep"to*gen (?), n. [Peptone + -gen.] (Physiol.) A substance
convertible into peptone.
Peptogenic
Pep`to*gen"ic (?), a. Same as Peptogenous.
Peptogenous
Pep*tog"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Capable of yielding, or being
converted into, peptone.
Peptohydrochloric
Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [See Peptone, and Hydrochloric.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Designating a hypothetical acid (called
peptohydrochloric acid, pepsinhydrochloric acid, and chloropeptic
acid) which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4
per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.
Peptone
Pep"tone (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The soluble and diffusible
substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are
transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic juices.
Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action of
boiling water and boiling dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a broader
sense, all the products resulting from the solution of albuminous
matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case, however,
intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as antialbumose,
hemialbumose, etc., are mixed with the true peptones. Also termed
albuminose. <-- soluble polypeptides produced by hydrolysis of protein
-->
NOTE: &hand; Pu re pe ptones ar e of th ree ki nds, am phopeptone,
antipeptone, and hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are
not precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium
sulphate.
Peptonize
Pep"to*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To convert into peptone; to digest
or dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as, peptonized food.
Peptonoid
Pep"to*noid (?), n. [Peptone + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance
related to peptone.
Peptonuria
Pep`to*nu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Peptone, and Urine.] (Med.) The
presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine.<-- not in
Stedman's. Superseded by proteinuria? -->
Peptotoxine
Pep`to*tox"ine (?), n. [Peptone + toxic + -ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed
from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.
Pequots
Pe"quots (?), n. pl.; sing. Pequot (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who
formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut. [Written also Pequods.]
Per-
Per- (?). [See Per.]
1. A prefix used to signify through, throughout, by, for, or as an
intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial, that lasts
throughout the year; perforce, through or by force; perfoliate,
perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident; perplex,
literally, to entangle very much.
2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which
it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest
valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other
similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the highest oxide of
barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not the
highest oxides of those elements.
Per
Per (?), prep. [L. Cf. Far, For-, Pardon, and cf. Par, prep.] Through;
by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum;
per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the
court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with
English words. Per annum, by the year; in each successive year;
annually. -- Per cent, Per centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; --
used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest,
and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent.<--
commonly symbolized with the per cent sign, % --> -- Per diem, by the
day. [For other phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc.,
from Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]
Peract
Per*act" (?), v. t. [L. peractus, p.p. of peragere.] To go through
with; to perform. [Obs.] Sylvester.
Peracute
Per`a*cute" (?), a. [L. peracutus. See Per-, and Acute.] Very sharp;
very violent; as, a peracute fever. [R.] Harvey.
Peradventure
Per`ad*ven"ture (?), adv. & conj. [OE. per aventure, F. par aventure.
See Per, and Adventure.] By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing.
"If peradventure he speak against me." Shak.
Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city. Gen. xviii.
24.
Peradventure
Per`ad*ven"ture, n. Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved
beyond peradventure. South.
Per\'91opod
Pe*r\'91"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the thoracic legs
of a crustacean. See Illust. of Crustacea.
Peragrate
Per"a*grate (?), v. t. [L. peragratus, p.p. of peragrate.] To travel
over or through. [Obs.]
Peragration
Per`agra"tion (?), n. [L. peragratio: cf. F. peragration.] The act or
state of passing through any space; as, the peragration of the moon in
her monthly revolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Perambulate
Per*am"bu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perambulated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Perambulating.] [L. perambulatus, p.p. of perambulare to
perambulate; per through + ambulare to walk. See Per-, and Amble.] To
walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of
surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to
inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by
walking over the whole line.
Perambulate
Per*am"bu*late, v. i. To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he
perambulated in the park.
Perambulation
Per*am`bu*la"tion (?), n.
1. The act of perambulating; traversing. Bacon.
2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest,
etc.
3. A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of
inspection. "The . . . bounds of his own perambulation." [Obs.]
Holyday.
Perambulator
Per*am"bu*la`tor (?), n.
1. One who perambulates.
2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a
wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of
clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown
by an index. See Odometer.
3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.
Perameles
Per`a*me"les (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. meles a badger.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
marsupial of the genus Perameles, which includes numerous species
found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form.
See Illust. under Bandicoot.
Perbend
Per"bend (?), n. See Perpender.
Perbreak
Per"break` (?), n. [Obs.] See Parbreak.
Perbromate
Per*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.)A salt of perbromic acid.
Perbromic
Per*bro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO4, of bromine.
Perbromide
Per*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A bromide having a higher proportion of
bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series.
Perca
Per"ca (?), n. [L., a perch.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, including
the fresh-water perch.
Percale
Per`cale" (?), n. [F.] A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish,
and often printed on one side, -- used for women's and children's
wear.
Percaline
Per`ca`line" (?), n. [F.] A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually
of one color.
Percarbide
Per*car"bide (?), n. [Pref. per- + carbide.] (Chem.)A compound
containing a relatively large amount of carbon. [R.]
Percarburet
Per*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Pref. per- + carburet.] (Chem.) A percarbide.
[Obsoles.]
Percarbureted
Per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount
of carbon.
Percase
Per*case" (?), adv. [OE. per cas. See Parcase.] Perhaps; perchance.
[Obs.] Bacon.
Perce
Perce (?), v. t. To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Perceivable
Per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perceived; perceptible. --
Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv.
Perceivance
Per*ceiv"ance (?), n. Power of perceiving. [Obs.] "The senses and
common perceivance." Milton.
Perceive
Per*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perceived (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perceiving.] [OF. percevoir, perceveir, L. percipere, perceptum; per
(see Per-) + capere to take, receive. See Capacious, and cf.
Perception.]
1. To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions
from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the
existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see,
hear, or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to perceive a discord.
Reid.
2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be
convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to
see; to understand.
Jesus perceived their wickedness. Matt. xxii. 18.
You may, fair lady, Perceive I speak sincerely. Shak.
Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our
own understandings, we are still in the dark. Locke.
3. To be affected of influented by. [R.]
The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter
of tempests before the air here below. Bacon.
Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand.
-- To Perceive, Discern. To perceive a thing is to apprehend it as
presented to the senses or the intellect; to discern is to mark
differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it.
We may perceive two persons afar off without being able to discern
whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often used of an act
of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical
attention. We perceive that which is clear or obvious; we discern that
which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We perceive
light, darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of anything. We
discern characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions,
etc." Crabb.
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Page 1064
Perceiver
Per*ceiv"er (?), n. One who perceives (in any of the senses of the
verb). Milton.
Percely
Perce"ly (?), n. Parsley. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Percentage
Per*cent"age (?), n. [Per cent + -age, as in average. See Per, and
Cent.] (Com.) A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of
interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred.
Percept
Per"cept (?), n. [From L. percipere, perceptum.] That which is
perceived. Sir W. Hamilton.
The modern discussion between percept and concept, the one
sensuous, the other intellectual. Max M\'81ller.
Perceptibility
Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perceptibilit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being perceptible; as, the perceptibility
of light or color.
2. Perception. [R.] Dr. H. More.
Perceptible
Per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L. perceptibilis: cf. F. perceptible. See
Perceive.] Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible;
perceivable.
With a perceptible blast of the air. Bacon.
-- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Per*cep"ti*bly, adv.
Perception
Per*cep"tion (?), n. [L. perceptio: cf. F. perception. See Perceive.]
1. The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect;
apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is
presented to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.
2. (Metaph.) The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part,
of man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or
instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material
objects or qualities through the senses; -- distinguished from
conception. Sir W. Hamilton.
Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not conscious of its own
existence. Bentley.
3. The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something
external; sensation; sensibility. [Obs.]
This experiment discovereth perception in plants. Bacon.
4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.
NOTE: &hand; "T he wo rd pe rception is , in th e la nguage of
philosophers previous to Reid, used in a very extensive
signification. By Descartes, Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and
others, it is employed in a sense almost as unexclusive as
consciousness, in its widest signification. By Reid this word was
limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch
of this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge
of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the
act of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which
he gave the names of perception and sensation. He ought perhaps to
have called these perception proper and sensation proper, when
employed in his special meaning."
Sir W. Hamilton.
Perceptive
Per*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. perceptif.] Of or pertaining to the act
or power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving;
used in perception. "His perceptive and reflective faculties." Motley.
Perceptivity
Per`cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perceptive;
power of perception. Locke.
Percesoces
Per*ces"o*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox, -ocis, a
pike.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including the gray mullets
(Mugil), the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So
called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.
Perch
Perch (?), n. [Written also pearch.] [OE. perche, F. perche, L. perca,
fr. Gr. p spotted, speckled, and E. freckle.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other allied
genera of the family Percid\'91, as the common American or yellow
perch (Perca flavescens, OR Americana), and the European perch (P.
fluviatilis).
2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the
Percid\'91, Serranid\'91, and related families, and resembling, more
or less, the true perches.
Black perch. (a) The black bass. (b) The flasher. (c) The sea bass. --
Blue perch, the cunner. -- Gray perch, the fresh-water drum. -- Red
perch, the rosefish. -- Red-bellied perch, the long-eared pondfish. --
Perch pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch.
-- Silver perch, the yellowtail. -- Stone, OR Striped, perch, the
pope. -- White perch, the Roccus, OR Morone, Americanus, a small
silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.
Perch
Perch (?), n. [F. perche, L. pertica.]
1. A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for
fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated
resting place or seat.
As chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche, that was in
his hall. Chaucer.
Not making his high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions.
Tennyson.
2. (a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or
pole. (b) In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of
an acre. (c) In solid measure: A mass 16 feet long, 1 foot in height,
and 1 feet in breadth, or 24 cubic feet (in local use, from 22 to 25
cubic feet); -- used in measuring stonework.
3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage;
a reach.
Perch
Perch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perching.] [F.
percher. See Perch a pole.] To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or
roost.
Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch. Shak.
Perch
Perch, v. t.
1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.
2. To occupy as a perch. Milton.
Perchance
Per*chance" (?), adv. [F. par by (L. per) + chance. See Par, and
Chance.] By chance; perhaps; peradventure.
Perchant
Perch"ant (?), n. [F.] A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to
other birds by its fluttering.
Percher
Perch"er (?), n. [From Perch, v. i.]
1. One who, or that which, perches. J. Burroughs.
2. One of the Insessores.
3. [From Perch a pole.] A Paris candle anciently used in England;
also, a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.] Bailey.
Percheron
Per"che*ron (?), n. [F.] One of a breed of draught horses originating
in Perche, an old district of France; -- called also Percheron-Norman.
Perchlorate
Per*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of perchloric acid.
Perchloric
Per*chlo"ric (?), a. [Pref. per- + chloric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, the highest oxygen acid (HClO4), of chlorine; -- called
also hyperchloric.
Perchloride
Per*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A chloride having a higher proportion of
chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series.
Perchromic
Per*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + chromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a certain one of the highly oxidized compounds of
chromium, which has a deep blue color, and is produced by the action
of hydrogen peroxide.
Perciform
Per"ci*form (?), a. [NL., & L. perca a perch + -form.] (Zo\'94l.)
Pertaining to the Perciformes.
Perciformes
Per`ci*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive tribe or
suborder of fishes, including the true perches (Percid\'91); the
pondfishes (Centrarchid\'91); the sci\'91noids (Sci\'91nid\'91); the
sparoids (Sparid\'91); the serranoids (Serranid\'91), and some other
related families.
Percipience, Percipiency
Per*cip"i*ence (?), Per*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. The faculty, act or power
of perceiving; perception. Mrs. Browning.
Percipient
Per*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. percipiens, -entis, p.pr. of percipere. See
Perceive.] Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a
percipient being. Bentley. -- n. One who, or that which, is
percipient. Glanvill.
Perclose
Per*close" (?), n. [OF. parclose an inclosed place; L. per through +
claudere, clausum, to shut.]
1. (Eccl. Arch.) Same as Parclose.
2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
Percoid
Per"coid (?), a. [L. perca a perch + -oid: cf. F. perco\'8bde.]
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family
Percid\'91. -- n. Any fish of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the
family Percid\'91.
Percoidea
Per*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Perciformes.
Percolate
Per"co*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Percolating.] [L. percolatus, p.p. of percolare to percolate; per
through + colare to strain.] To cause to pass through fine
interstices, as a liquor; to filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale.
Percolate
Per"co*late, v. i. To pass through fine interstices; to filter; as,
water percolates through porous stone.
Percolation
Per`co*la"tion (?), n. [L. percolatio.] The act or process of
percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically
(Pharm.), the process of exhausting the virtues of a powdered drug by
letting a liquid filter slowly through it.
Percolator
Per"co*la`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, filters. "[Tissues] act
as percolators." Henfrey. <-- a device for brewing coffee by
percoation -->
Percomorphi
Per`co*mor"phi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
division of fishes including the perches and related kinds.
Perculaced
Per"cu*laced (?), a. [Prob. corrupt. fr. portcullised.] (Her.)
Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2.
Percurrent
Per*cur"rent (?), a. [L. percurrens, p.pr. of percurrere to run
through; per through + currere to run.] Running through the entire
length.
Percursory
Per*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L. percursor one who runs through, fr.
percurrere. See Percurrent.] Running over slightly or in haste;
cursory. [R.]
Percuss
Per*cuss" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Percussing.] [L. percussus, p.p. of percutere; per + quatere to shake,
strike. See Quash.] To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; as,
to percuss the chest in medical examination.
Flame percussed by air giveth a noise. Bacon.
Percuss
Per*cuss", v. i. (Med.) To strike or tap in an examination by
percussion. See Percussion, 3. Quain.
Percussion
Per*cus"sion (?), n. [L. percussio: cf. F. percussion. See Percuss.]
1. The act of percussing, or striking one body against another;
forcible collision, esp. such as gives a sound or report. Sir I.
Newton.
2. Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock; impression
of sound on the ear.
The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds. Shak.
3. (Med.) The act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in
order to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted
or the sensation imparted to the fingers. Percussion is said to be
immediate if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing
substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate.
Center of percussion. See under Center. -- Percussion bullet, a bullet
containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an explosive
bullet. -- Percussion cap, a small copper cap or cup, containing
fulminating powder, and used with a percussion lock to explode
gunpowder. -- Percussion fuze. See under Fuze. -- Percussion lock, the
lock of a gun that is fired by percussion upon fulminating powder. --
Percussion match, a match which ignites by percussion. -- Percussion
powder, powder so composed as to ignite by slight percussion;
fulminating powder. -- Percussion sieve, Percussion table, a machine
for sorting ores by agitation in running water.
Percussive
Per*cuss"ive (?), a. Striking against; percutient; as, percussive
force.
Percutient
Per*cu"tient (?), a. [L. percutiens, p.pr. of percutere. See Percuss.]
Striking; having the power of striking. -- n. That which strikes, or
has power to strike. Bacon.
Perdicine
Per"di*cine (?), a. [See Perdix.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
family Perdicid\'91, or partridges.
Perdie
Per*die" (?), adv. See Parde. Spenser.
Perdifoil
Per"di*foil (?), n. [L. perdere to lose + folium leaf.] (Bot.) A
deciduous plant; -- opposed to evergreen. J. Barton.
Perdition
Per*di"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. perditio, fr. perdere, perditum, to
ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. par\'be away) + -dere (only in comp.) to
put; akin to Gr. do. See Do.]
1. Entire loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the
soul, or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or
eternal death.
The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet. Shak.
If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition. J. M. Mason.
2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.] Shak.
Perditionable
Per*di"tion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ruined; worthy of
perdition. [R.] Pollok.
Perdix
Per"dix (?), n. [L., a partridge, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds
including the common European partridge. Formerly the word was used in
a much wider sense to include many allied genera.
Perdu
Per*du" (?), n. [See Perdu, a.]
1. One placed on watch, or in ambush.
2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope. Shak.
Perdu, Perdue
Per*du", Per*due" (?), a. [F. perdu, f. perdue, lost, p.p. of perdre
to lose, L. perdere. See Perdition.]
1. Lost to view; in concealment or ambush; close.
He should lie perdue who is to walk the round. Fuller.
2. Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate enterprises; hence,
reckless; hopeless. "A perdue captain." Beau. & Fl.
Perduellion
Per`du*el"lion (?), n. [L. perduellio; per + duellum, bellum, war.]
(Civil Law) Treason.
Perdulous
Per"du*lous (?), a. [See Perdu, a.] Lost; thrown away. [Obs.] Abp.
Bramhall.
Perdurability
Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Durability; lastingness. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Perdurable
Per*dur"a*ble (?), n. [Cf. F. perdurable, OE. pardurable. See
Perdure.] Very durable; lasting; continuing long. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Shak. -- Per*dur"a*bly, adv. [Archaic]
Perdurance, Perduration
Per*dur"ance (?), Per`du*ra"tion (?), n. Long continuance. [Archaic]
Perdure
Per*dure" (?), v. i. [L. perdurare; per trough + durare to last.] To
last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting. [Archaic]
The mind perdures while its energizing may construct a thousand
lines. Hickok.
Perdy
Per*dy" (?), adv. Truly. See Parde. [Obs.]
Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right. Spenser.
Pere
Pere (?), n. A peer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Peregal
Per*e"gal (?), a. [OF. par very (L. per) + egal equal, L. aequalis.]
Fully equal. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Peregal to the best." Spenser.
Peregrinate
Per"e*gri*nate (?), v. i. [L. peregrinatus, p.p. of peregrinari to
travel. See Pilgrim.] To travel from place to place, or from one
country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.
Peregrinate
Per"e*gri*nate (?), a. [L. peregrinatus, p.p.] Having traveled;
foreign. [Obs.] Shak.
Peregrination
Per`e*gri*na"tion (?), n. [L. peregrinatio: cf. F.
p\'82r\'82grination.] A traveling from one country to another; a
wandering; sojourn in foreign countries. "His peregrination abroad."
Bacon.
Peregrinator
Per"e*gri*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peregrinates; one who travels
about.
Peregrine
Per"e*grine (?), a. [L. peregrinus. See Pilgrim.] Foreign; not native;
extrinsic or from without; exotic. [Spelt also pelegrine.] "Peregrine
and preternatural heat." Bacon. Peregrine falcon (Zo\'94l.), a
courageous and swift falcon (Falco peregrinus), remarkable for its
wide distribution over all the continents. The adult plumage is dark
bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the head and cheeks, white
beneath, barred with black below the throat. Called also peregrine
hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and great-footed hawk.
Peregrine
Per"e*grine (?), n. The peregrine falcon.
Peregrinity
Per`e*grin"i*ty (?), n. [L. peregrinitas: cf. F.
p\'82r\'82grinit\'82.]
1. Foreignness; strangeness. [Obs.] "Somewhat of a peregrinity in
their dialect." Johnson.
2. Travel; wandering. [R.] Carlyle.
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Page 1065
Perel
Per"el (?), n. Apparel. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Perempt
Per*empt" (?), v. t. [L. peremptus, p.p. of perimere to take away
entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL. emere to take. See Redeem.]
(Law) To destroy; to defeat. [R.] Ayliffe.
Peremption
Per*emp"tion (?), n. [L. peremptio: cf. F. p\'82remption.] (Law) A
quashing; a defeating. [Obs.]
Peremptorily
Per"emp*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a peremptory manner; absolutely;
positively. Bacon.
Peremptoriness
Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of being peremptory; positiveness.
Peremptory
Per"emp*to*ry (?), a. [L. peremptorius destructive, deadly, decisive,
final: cf. F. p\'82remptorie. See Perempt.]
1. Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or
appeal; positive; absolute; decisive; conclusive; final.
Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory designs to get
thither. Jer. Taylor.
2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical.
Be not too positive and peremptory. Bacon.
Briefly, then, for we are peremptory. Shak.
3. Firmly determined; unawed. [Poetic] Shak.
Peremptory challenge (Law) See under Challenge. -- Peremptory
mandamus, a final and absolute mandamus. -- Peremptory plea, a plea by
a defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea
in bar. Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express;
arbitrary; dogmatical.
Perennial
Per*en"ni*al (?), a. [L. perennis that lasts the whole year through;
per through + annus year. See Per-, and Annual.]
1. ing or continuing through the year; as, perennial fountains.
2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing;
never failing.
The perennial existence of bodies corporate. Burke.
3. (Bot.) Continuing more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or
root, or plant. Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring;
continual; permanent; uninterrupted.
Perennial
Per*en"ni*al, n. (Bot.) A perennial plant; a plant which lives or
continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter
or not.
Perennially
Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv. In a perennial manner.
Perennibranchiata
Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Perennial, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) Those Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as
the menobranchus.
Perennibranchiate
Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Perennial, and Branchiate.]
1. (Anat.) Having branch\'91, or gills, through life; -- said
especially of certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to
caducibranchiate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Perennibranchiata.
Perennity
Per*en"ni*ty (?), n. [L. perennitas.] The quality of being perennial.
[R.] Derham.
Pererration
Per`er*ra"tion (?), n. [L. pererrare, pererratum, to wander through.]
A wandering, or rambling, through various places. [R.] Howell.
Perfect
Per"fect (?), a. [OE. parfit, OF. parfit, parfet, parfait, F. parfait,
L. perfectus, p.p. of perficere to carry to the end, to perform,
finish, perfect; per (see Per-) + facere to make, do. See Fact.]
1. Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective
nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its
nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error;
mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct.
My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Cor. xii. 9.
Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun. Shak.
I fear I am not in my perfect mind. Shak.
O most entire perfect sacrifice! Keble.
God made thee perfect, not immutable. Milton.
2. Well informed; certain; sure.
I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in arms. Shak.
3. (Bot.) Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of
flower.
Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete and satisfactory close in harmony,
as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant. -- Perfect chord (Mus.), a
concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable
to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and fourth; a perfect
consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third,
fifth, and octave. -- Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal to the
sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are
14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See Abundant number, under Abundant. Brande & C. --
Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which expresses an act or state
completed.<-- = perfective --> Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete;
entire; faultless; blameless; unblemished.
Perfect
Per"fect (?), n. The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.
Perfect
Per"fect (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfecting.] [L. perfectus, p.p. of perficere. See Perfect, a.] To
make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting;
to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.
God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in us. 1 John iv. 12.
Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and
thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct species. Locke.
Perfecting press (Print.), a press in which the printing on both sides
of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine. Syn. --
To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.
Perfecter
Per"fect*er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes perfect. "The . . .
perfecter of our faith." Barrow.
Perfectibilian
Per*fect`i*bil"i*an (?), n. A perfectionist. [R.] Ed. Rev.
Perfectibilist
Per`fec*tib"i*list (?), n. A perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2.
[R.]
Perfectibility
Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectibilit\'82.] The quality or
state of being perfectible.
Perfectible
Per*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perfectible.] Capable of becoming, or
being made, perfect.
Perfection
Per*fec"tion (?), n. [F. perfection, L. perfectio.]
1. The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing
requisite is wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill,
or moral excellence; the highest attainable state or degree of
excellence; maturity; as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a
system; perfection in form or degree; fruits in perfection.
2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal
faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete
excellence. Shak.
What tongue can her perfections tell? Sir P. Sidney.
To perfection, in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to
imitate a model to perfection.
Perfection
Per*fec"tion, v. t. To perfect. [Obs.] Foote.
Perfectional
Per*fec"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized
by perfection. [R.] Bp. Pearson.
Perfectionate
Per*fec"tion*ate (?), v. t. To perfect. Dryden.
Perfectionism
Per*fec"tion*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Perfectionists.
Perfectionist
Per*fec"tion*ist, n. One pretending to perfection; esp., one
pretending to moral perfection; one who believes that persons may and
do attain to moral perfection and sinlessness in this life. South.
Perfectionment
Per*fec"tion*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectionnement.] The act of
bringing to perfection, or the state of having attained to perfection.
[R.] I. Taylor.
Perfective
Per*fect"ive (?), a. Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring
to perfection; -- usually followed by of. "A perfective alteration."
Fuller.
Actions perfective of their natures. Ray.
Perfectively
Per*fec"tive*ly, adv. In a perfective manner.
Perfectly
Per"fect*ly (?), adv. In a perfect manner or degree; in or to
perfection; completely; wholly; throughly; faultlessly. "Perfectly
divine." Milton.
As many as touched were made perfectly whole. Matt. xiv. 36.
Perfectness
Per"fect*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfect; perfection.
"Charity, which is the bond of perfectness." Col. iii. 14.
Perfervid
Per*fer"vid (?), a. [Pref. per- + fervid.] Very fervid; too fervid;
glowing; ardent.
Perficient
Per*fi"cient (?), a. [L. perficiens, p.pr. of perficere to perform.
See Perfect.] Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual. [R.]
Blackstone.
Perficient
Per*fi"cient, n. One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one
who endows a charity. [R.]
Perfidious
Per*fid"i*ous (?), a. [L. perfidious.]
1. Guilty of perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or
confidence reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a perfidious friend.
Shak.
2. Involving, or characterized by, perfidy. "Involved in this
perfidious fraud." Milton.
Perfidiously
Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv. In a perfidious manner.
Perfidiousness
Per*fid"i*ous*ness, n. The quality of being perfidious; perfidy.
Clarendon.
Perfidy
Per"fi*dy (?), n.; pl. Perfidies (#). [L. perfidia, fr. L. perfidus
faithless; per (cf. Skr. par\'be away) + fides faith: cf. F. perfidie.
See Faith.] The act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a
promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness; teachery.
The ambition and perfidy of tyrants. Macaulay.
His perfidy to this sacred engagement. DeQuincey.
Perfit
Per"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Perfix
Per*fix" (?), v. t. [Pref. per- + fix.] To fix surely; to appoint.
[Obs.]
Perflable
Per"fla*ble (?), a. [L. perflabilis. See Perflate.] Capable of being
blown through. [Obs.]
Perflate
Per*flate" (?), v. t. [L. perflatus, p.p. of perflare to blow
through.] To blow through. [Obs.] Harvey.
Perflation
Per*fla"tion (?), n. [L. perflatio.] The act of perflating. [Obs.]
Woodward.
Perfoliate
Per*fo"li*ate (?), a. [Pref. per- + L. folium leaf.]
1. (Bot.) Having the basal part produced around the stem; -- said of
leaves which the stem apparently passes directory through.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any
kind.
Perforata
Per`fo*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Perforate.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
division of corals including those that have a porous texture, as
Porites and Madrepora; -- opposed to Aporosa. (b) A division of
Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.
Perforate
Per"fo*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perforated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perforating.] [L. perforatus, p.p. of perforare to perforate; per
through + forare to bore. See Bore, v.] To bore through; to pierce
through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through by
boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface of. Bacon.
Perforate, Perforated
Per"fo*rate (?), Per"fo*ra`ted (?), a. Pierced with a hole or holes,
or with pores; having transparent dots resembling holes.
Perforation
Per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perforation.]
1. The act of perforating, or of boring or piercing through. Bacon.
2. A hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture. "Slender
perforations." Sir T. Browne.
Perforative
Per"fo*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. perforatif.] Having power to perforate
or pierce.
Perforator
Per"fo*ra`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. perforateur.] One who, or that which,
perforates; esp., a cephalotome.
Perforce
Per*force" (?), adv. [F. par (L. per) + force.] By force; of
necessary; at any rate. Shak.
Perforce
Per*force", v. t. To force; to compel. [Obs.]
Perform
Per*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Performed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Performing.] [OE. performen, parfourmen, parfournen, OF. parfornir,
parfournir, to finish, complete; OF. & F. par (see Par) + fournir to
finish, complete. The word has been influenced by form; cf. L.
performare to form thoroughly. See Furnish.]
1. To carry through; to bring to completion; to achieve; to
accomplish; to execute; to do.
I will cry unto God most high, unto God that performeth all things
for me. Ps. lvii. 2.
Great force to perform what they did attempt. Sir P. Sidney.
2. To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as, to perform a duty; to
perform a promise or a vow.
To perform your father's will. Shak.
3. To represent; to act; to play; as in drama.
Perform a part thou hast not done before. Shak.
Syn. -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge;
fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See Accomplish.
Perform
Per*form", v. i. To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit
one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to
act a part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players perform
poorly; the musician performs on the organ.
Performable
Per*form"a*ble (?), a. Admitting of being performed, done, or
executed; practicable.
Performance
Per*form"ance (?), n. The act of performing; the carrying into
execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment;
representation by action; as, the performance of an undertaking of a
duty.
Promises are not binding where the performance is impossible.
Paley.
2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried
through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an
elaborate or public character. "Her walking and other actual
performances." Shak. "His musical performances." Macaulay. Syn. --
Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment; achievement;
production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.
Performer
Per*form"er (?), n. One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a
good promiser, but a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill
and training in any art; as, a performer of the drama; a performer on
the harp.
Perfricate
Per"fri*cate (?), v. t. [L. perfricatus, p.p. of perfricare.] To rub
over. Bailey.
Perfumatory
Per*fu"ma*to*ry (?), a. Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.] Sir E.
Leigh.
Perfume
Per*fume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfuming.] [F. parfumer (cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par) + fumer to
smoke, L. fumare, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] To fill or impregnate
with a perfume; to scent.
And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies. Pope.
Perfume
Per"fume (?), n. [F. parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See Perfume, v.]
1. The scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a
sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma.
No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field. Pope.
2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor.
And thou shalt make it a perfume. Ex. xxx. 35.
Perfumer
Per*fum"er (?), n.
1. One who, oe that which, perfumes.
2. One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.
Perfumery
Per*fum"er*y (?), n.
1. Perfumes, in general.
2. [Cf. F. parfumerie.] The art of preparing perfumes.
Perfunctorily
Per*func"to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a perfunctory manner; formally;
carelessly. Boyle.
Perfunctoriness
Per*func"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfunctory.
Perfunctory
Per*func"to*ry (?), a. [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched,
p.p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch; per (see Per) + fungi to
perform. See Function.]
1. Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a
thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial manner;
characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions. Macaulay.
2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory in
his devotions." Sharp.
Perfuncturate
Per*func"tu*rate (?), v. t. To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do
negligently. [R.]
Perfuse
Per*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfusing.] [L. perfusus, p.p. of perfundere to pour over; per +
fundere to pour.] To suffuse; to fill full or to excess. Harvey.
Perfusion
Per*fu"sion (?), n. [L. perfusio.] The act of perfusing.
Perfusive
Per*fu"sive (?), a. Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.
Pergamenous, Pergamentaceous
Per`ga*me"no*us (?), Per`ga*men*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. pergamena
parchment. See Parchment.] Like parchment.
Perhaps
Per*haps" (?), adv. [Per + hap chance.] By chance; peradventure;
perchance; it may be.
And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven
thee. Acts viii. 22.
Peri-
Per"i- (?). [Gr. A prefix used to signify around, by, near, over,
beyond, or to give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure
around; perigee, point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is
needed; perispherical, quite spherical.
Peri
Pe"ri (?), n.; pl. Peris (#). [Per. per\'c6 a female genus, a fairy.]
(Persian Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or
fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from
paradise till penance is accomplished. Moore.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1066
Periagua
Per`i*a"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.
Perianth
Per"i*anth (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. p\'82rianthe.] (Bot.) (a) The
leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx and corolla
are not readily distinguished. (b) A saclike involucre which incloses
the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See Illust. of Hepatica.
Perianthium
Per`i*an"thi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The perianth.
Periapt
Per"i*apt (?), n. [Gr. p\'82riapte.] A charm worn as a protection
against disease or mischief; an amulet. Coleridge.
Now help, ye charming spells and periapts. Shak.
Periastral
Per`i*as"tral (?), a. Among or around the stars. "Comets in periastral
passage." R. A. Proctor.
Periastron
Per`i*as"tron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.) That point, in the real
or apparent orbit of one star revolving around another, at which the
former is nearest to the latter.
Periauger
Per"i*au"ger (?), n. See Pirogue. W. Irving.
Periblast
Per"i*blast (?), a. [Gr. Peri-, and -blast.] (Biol.) The protoplasmic
matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes
segmentation. -- Per`i*blas"tic, a.
Periblem
Per"i*blem (?), n. [Pref. peri- + root of Gr. (Bot.) Nascent cortex,
or immature cellular bark.
Peribolos
Pe*rib"o*los (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. peribolus.] In ancient
architecture, an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.
Peribranchial
Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the branchi\'91; as, a
peribranchial cavity.
Peribranchial
Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around the bronchi or bronchial
tubes; as, the peribronchial lymphatics.
Pericambium
Per`i*cam"bi*um (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.] (Biol.) A layer
of thin-walled young cells in a growing stem, in which layer certain
new vessels originate.
Pericardiac, Pericardial
Per`i*car"di*ac (?), Per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to pericardium; situated around the heart. Pericardial fluid
(Physiol.), a serous fluid of a pale yellow color contained in the
pericardium.
Pericardian
Per`i*car"di*an (?), a. Pericardiac.
Pericardic
Per`i*car"dic (?), a. Pericardiac.
Pericarditus
Per`i*car*di"tus (?), n. [NL. See Pericardium, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the pericardium. Dunglison.
Pericardium
Per`i*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The double baglike fold
of serous membrane which incloses the heart.
NOTE: &hand; Th e in ner la yer is cl osely ad herent to the outer
surface of the heart, and is called the cardiac pericardium. The
outer layer loosely incloses the heart and the adherent inner
layer, and is called the parietal pericardium. At the base of the
heart the two layers are continuous, and form a narrow closed
cavity filled with fluid, in which the pulsations of the heart
cause little friction.
Pericarp
Per"i*carp (?), n. [Gr. p\'82ricarpe.] (Bot.) The ripened ovary; the
walls of the fruit. See Illusts. of Capsule, Drupe, and Legume.
Pericarpial, Pericarpic
Per`i*car"pi*al (?), Per`i*car"pic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
a pericarp.
Pericellular
Per`i*cel"lu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding a cell; as, the
pericellular lymph spaces surrounding ganglion cells.
Perich\'91th
Per"i*ch\'91th (?), n. [See Perich\'91tium.] (Bot.) The leafy
involucre surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perich\'91tium;
perichete.
Perich\'91tial
Per`i*ch\'91"ti*al (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the
perich\'91th.
Perich\'91tium
Per`i*ch\'91"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Perich\'91tia (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Bot.) Same as Perich\'91th.
Perich\'91tous
Per`i*ch\'91"tous (?), a. [See Perich\'91tium.] (Zo\'94l.) Surrounded
by set\'91; -- said of certain earthworms (genus Perich\'91tus).
Perichete
Per"i*chete (?), n. Same as Perich\'91th.
Perichondrial
Per`i*chon"dri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
perichondrium; situated around cartilage.
Perichondritis
Per`i*chon*dri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the perichondrium.
Perichondrium
Per`i*chon"dri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The membrane of
fibrous connective tissue which closely invests cartilage, except
where covering articular surfaces.
Perichordal
Per`i*chor"dal (?), a. Around the notochord; as, a perichordal column.
See Epichordal.
Periclase, Periclasite
Per"i*clase (?), Per`i*cla"site (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.) A
grayish or dark green mineral, consisting essentially of magnesia
(magnesium oxide), occurring in granular forms or in isometric
crystals.
Periclinium
Per`i*clin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Periclinia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in composite flowers.
Periclitate
Pe*ric"li*tate (?), v. t. [L. periclitatus, p.p. of periclitari, fr.
periculum.] To endanger. [Obs.]
Periclitating, pardi! the whole family. Sterne.
Periclitation
Pe*ric`li*ta"tion (?), n. [L. periclitatio: cf. F. p\'82riclitation.]
1. Trial; experiment. [Obs.]
2. The state of being in peril. [Obs.]
Pericope
Pe*ric"o*pe (?), n. [L., section of a book, Gr. A selection or extract
from a book; especially (Theol.), a selection from the Bible,
appointed to be read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon.
Pericranial
Per`i*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pericranium.
Pericranium
Per`i*cra"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The periosteum which covers the
cranium externally; the region around the cranium.
Periculous
Pe*ric"u*lous (?), a. [L. periculosus. See Perilous.] Dangerous; full
of peril. [Obs.]
Periculum
Pe*ric"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Pericula (#). [L.] (Rom. & O.Eng. Law)
1. Danger; risk.
2. In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or casus, as distinguished
from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of
performing an obligation.
Periderm
Per"i*derm (?), n.
1. (Bot.) The outer layer of bark.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The hard outer covering of hydroids and other marine
animals; the perisarc.
Peridiastole
Per`i*di*as"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) The almost inappreciable time
which elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.
Peridium
Pe*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Peridia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as the puffballs and
earthstars.
Peridot
Per"i*dot (?), n. [F. p\'82ridot.] (Min.) Chrysolite.
Peridotite
Per"i*do*tite (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82ridotite.] (Min.) An eruptive rock
characterized by the presence of chrysolite (peridot). It also usually
contains pyroxene, enstatite, chromite, etc. It is often altered to
serpentine.
NOTE: &hand; Th e chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a
more or less altered peridotite.
Peridrome
Per"i*drome (?), n. [Gr. p\'82ridrome.] (Arch\'91ol.) The space
between the columns and the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman
temple.
Periecians
Per`i*e"cians (?), n. pl. See Peri\'d2cians.
Perienteron
Per`i*en"te*ron (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Enteron.] (Anat.) The
primitive perivisceral cavity.
Periergy
Per"i*er`gy (?), n. [Gr.
1. Excessive care or diligence. [Obs.]
2. (Rhet.) A bombastic or labored style. [R.]
Periganglionic
Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding a ganglion; as, the
periganglionic glands of the frog.
Perigastric
Per`i*gas"tric (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the stomach; -- applied
to the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.
Perigean
Per`i*ge"an (?), a. Pertaining to the perigee. Perigean tides, those
spring tides which occur soon after the moon passes her perigee.
Perigee, Perigeum
Per"i*gee (?), Per`i*ge"um (?), n. [NL. perigeum, fr. Gr.
p\'82rig\'82e.] (Astron.) That point in the orbit of the moon which is
nearest to the earth; -- opposed to apogee. It is sometimes, but
rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a
planet, etc. Called also epigee, epigeum.
Perigenesis
Per`i*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Biol.) A theory which explains inheritance by
the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one
generation to another.
Perigenetic
Per`i*gen"e*tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to perigenesis.
Perigone
Per"i*gone (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr.
1. (Bot.) (a) Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a
perianth. (b) In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sac which surrounds the generative bodies in the
gonophore of a hydroid.
Perigonium
Per`i*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Perigonia (#). [NL.] Same as Perigone.
Perigord pie
Per"i*gord pie` (?). [From P\'82rigord, a former province of France.]
A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.
Perigraph
Per"i*graph (?), n. [Gr. A careless or inaccurate delineation of
anything. [R.]
Perigynium
Per`i*gyn"i*um (?), n.; pl. Perigynia (#). [NL. See Perigynous.]
(Bot.) Some unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped
body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera of
the Sedge family, or Cyperace\'91.
Perigynous
Pe*rig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Bot.) Having the ovary free,
but the petals and stamens borne on the calyx; -- said of flower such
as that of the cherry or peach.
Perihelion, Perihelium
Per`i*hel"ion (?), Per`i*he"li*um (?), n.; pl. Perihelia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Astron.) That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which
is nearest to the sun; -- opposed to aphelion.
Peril
Per"il (?), n. [F. p\'82ril, fr. L. periculum, periclum, akin to
peritus experienced, skilled, and E. fare. See Fare, and cf.
Experience.] Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or
property to injury, loss, or destruction.
In perils of waters, in perils of robbers. 2 Cor. xi. 26.
Adventure hard With peril great achieved. Milton.
At, OR On, one's peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of.
"On thy soul's peril." Shak. Syn. -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See
Danger.
Peril
Per"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periled (?) or Perilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Periling or Perilling.] To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; as,
to peril one's life.
Peril
Per"il (?), v. i. To be in danger. [Obs.] Milton.
Perilla
Pe*ril"la (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate
herbs, of which one species (Perilla ocimoides, or P. Nankinensis) is
often cultivated for its purple or variegated foliage.
Perilous
Per"il*ous (?), a. [OF. perillous, perilleus, F. p\'82rilleux, L.
periculosus. See Peril.] [Written also perillous.]
1. Full of, attended with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous;
as, a perilous undertaking.
Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds. Milton.
2. Daring; reckless; dangerous. [Obs.] Latimer.
For I am perilous with knife in hand. Chaucer.
-- Per"il*ous*ly, adv. -- Per"il*ous*ness, n.
Perilymph
Per"i*lymph (?), n. (Anat.) The fluid which surrounds the membranous
labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the
chambers in which the labyrinth lies.
Perilymphangial
Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around, or at the side of, a
lymphatic vessel.
Perilymphatic
Per`i*lym*phat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing,
perilymph. (b) Perilymphangial.
Perimeter
Per*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. p\'82rim\'8atre.]
1. (Geom.) The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all
the sides.
2. An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of
vision.
Perimetric, Perimetrical
Per`i*met"ric (?), Per`i*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the
perimeter, or to perimetry; as, a perimetric chart of the eye.
Perimetry
Per*im"e*try (?), n. The art of using the perimeter; measurement of
the field of vision.
Perimorph
Per"i*morph (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.) A crystal of one species
inclosing one of another species. See Endomorph.
Perimysial
Per`i*my"sial (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Surrounding a muscle or muscles. (b)
Of or pertaining to the perimysium.
Perimysium
Per`i*my"si*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The connective tissue
sheath which surrounds a muscle, and sends partitions inwards between
the bundles of muscular fibers.
Perin\'91um
Per`i*n\'91"um (?), n. See Perineum.
Perineal
Per`i*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perineum.
Perineoplasty
Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Perineum + -plasty.] (Med.) The act or
process of restoring an injured perineum.
Perineorrhaphy
Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy (?), n. [Perineum + Gr. (Med.) The operation of
sewing up a ruptured perineum.
Perinephritis
Per`i*ne*phri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Nephritis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney. --
Per`i*ne*phrit"ic, a.
Perineum
Per`i*ne"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The region which is included
within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by the urinogenital
canal and the rectum.
Perineurial
Per`i*neu"ri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of
or pertaining to the perineurium.
Perineurium
Per`i*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The connective tissue
sheath which surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. See Epineurium, and
Neurilemma.
Perinuclear
Per`i*nu"cle*ar (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to a nucleus;
situated around a nucleus; as, the perinuclear protoplasm.
Period
Pe"ri*od (?), n. [L. periodus, Gr. p\'82riode.]
1. A portion of time as limited and determined by some recurring
phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of the
heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or
days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go
on in the same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a
comet.
2. Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an
interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of
years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch;
as, the period of the Roman republic.
How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary period.
Bacon.
3. (Geol.) One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the
Tertiary period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology.
4. The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of
events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a
conclusion. Bacon.
So spake the archangel Michael; then paused, As at the world's
great period. Milton.
Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a period. Jer.
Taylor.
This is the period of my ambition. Shak.
5. (Rhet.) A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a
well-proportioned, harmonious sentence. "Devolved his rounded
periods." Tennyson.
Periods are beautiful when they are not too long. B. Johnson.
NOTE: &hand; The period, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence
consisting of a protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is
the appropriate form for the co\'94rdinate propositions related by
antithesis or causality.
Gibbs.
6. (Print.) The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete
sentence, or of an abbreviated word.
7. (Math.) One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually
marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in
numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1067
8. (Med.) The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or
of the paroxysm and intermission.
9. (Mus.) A complete musical sentence.
The period, the present or current time, as distinguished from all
other times. Syn. -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit;
bound; end; conclusion; determination.
Period
Pe"ri*od (?), v. t. To put an end to. [Obs.] Shak.
Period
Pe"ri*od, v. i. To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may
period upon this, that," etc. Felthman.
Periodate
Per*i"o*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of periodic acid.
Periodic
Per`i*od"ic (?), a. [Pref. per- + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO
Periodic, Periodical
Pe`ri*od"ic (?), Pe`ri*od"ic*al (?), a. [L. periodicus, Gr.
p\'82riodique.]
1. Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by periods.
The periodicaltimes of all the satellites. Sir J. Herschel.
2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a
series of successive circuits; as, the periodical motion of the
planets round the sun.
3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly,
after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at
fixed intervals; recurring; as, periodical epidemics.
The periodic return of a plant's flowering. Henslow.
To influence opinion through the periodical press. Courthope.
4. (Rhet.) Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete
sentence.
Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet that moves about the sun in an
elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to
the sun. -- Periodic function (Math.), a function whose values recur
at fixed intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The
trigonomertic functions, as sin x, tan x, etc., are periodic
functions. Exponential functions are also periodic, having an
imaginary period, and the elliptic functions have not only a real but
an imaginary period, and are hence called doubly periodic. -- Periodic
law (Chem.), the generalization that the properties of the chemical
elements are periodic functions of their atomic wieghts. "In other
words, if the elements are grouped in the order of their atomic
weights, it will be found that nearly the same properties recur
periodically throughout the entire series." The following tabular
arrangement of the atomic weights shows the regular recurrence of
groups (under I., II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of
the same natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable
existence of unknown elements. <-- only the first column of the table
is entered here, remainder needs to be entered -->
TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (The vertical
columns contain the periodic groups) Series1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{ 8{ 9{
10{ 11{ 12{
-------------------------------------------------------------- |I. II.
III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. | RH4 RH3 RH3 RH |R2O RO R3O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3
R2O7 RO4
-------------------------------------------------------------- H 1 Li
7 Na 23 K 39 (Cu) 63 Rb 85.2 (Ag) (108) Cs 133 (-) (-) (Au) (197) (-)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: &hand; A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way
by Newlands; but the law in its effective form was developed and
elaborated by Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called
Mendelejeff's law. Important extensions of it were also made by L.
Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with remarkable accuracy
the hypothetical elements ekaboron, ekaluminium, and ekasilicon,
afterwards discovered and named respectively scandium, gallium, and
germanium.
-- Periodic star (Astron.), a variable star whose changes of
brightness recur at fixed periods. -- Periodic time of a heavenly body
(Astron.), the time of a complete revolution of the body about the
sun, or of a satellite about its primary.
Periodical
Pe`ri*od"ic*al, n. A magazine or other publication which appears at
stated or regular intervals.
Periodicalist
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n. One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.
Periodically
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a periodical manner.
Periodicalness
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n. Periodicity.
Periodicity
Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Periodicities (#). [Cf. F.
p\'82riodicit\'82.] The quality or state of being periodical, or
regularly recurrent; as, the periodicity in the vital phenomena of
plants. Henfrey.
Periodide
Per*i"o*dide (?), n. [Pref. per- + iodide.] An iodide containing a
higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of the same
substance or series.
Periodontal
Per`i*o*don"tal (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Anat.) Surrounding the
teeth.
Periodoscope
Pe`ri*od"o*scope (?), n. [Period + -scope.] (Med.) A table or other
means for calculating the periodical functions of women. Dunglison.
Peri\'d2ci, Peri\'d2cians
Per`i*\'d2"ci, Per`i*\'d2"cians, n. pl. [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr. Those
who live on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians,
so that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the other.
Compare Ant\'d2ci.
Periople
Per"i*o*ple (?), n. [F. p\'82riople, from Gr. (Anat.) The external
smooth horny layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.
Perioplic
Per`i*op"lic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the periople;
connected with the periople.
Periosteal
Per`i*os"te*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated around bone; of or pertaining
to the periosteum.
Periosteum
Per`i*os"te*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. periosteon.] (Anat.) The membrane
of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at
the articular surfaces.
Periostitis
Per`i*os*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Periosteum, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the periosteum.
Periostracum
Per`i*os"tra*cum (?), n.; pl. Periostraca (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A chitinous membrane covering the exterior of many shells;
-- called also epidermis.
Periotic
Per`i*o"tic (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Anat.) Surrounding, or
pertaining to the region surrounding, the internal ear; as, the
periotic capsule. -- n. A periotic bone.
Peripatecian
Per`i*pa*te"cian (?), n. A peripatetic. [Obs.]
Peripatetic
Per`i*pa*tet"ic (?), a. [L. peripateticus, Gr. p\'82ripat\'82tique.]
1. Walking about; itinerant.
2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave
his instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his
followers. "The true peripatetic school." Howell.
Peripatetic
Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n.
1. One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant. Tatler.
2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.
Peripatetical
Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al (?), a. Peripatetic. [R.] Hales.
Peripateticism
Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82ripat\'82tisme.] The
doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See
Peripatetic, n., 2. Lond. Sat. Rev.
Peripatus
Pe*rip"a*tus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of lowly
organized arthropods, found in South Africa, Australia, and tropical
America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.
Peripetalous
Per`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Surrounding, or situated about, the
petals.
Peripheral
Pe*riph"er*al (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery;
peripheric.
2. (Anat.) External; away from the center; as, the peripheral portion
of the nervous system.
Peripheric, Peripherical
Per`i*pher"ic (?), Per`i*pher"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82riph\'82rique. See Periphery.] See Peripheral.
Periphery
Pe*riph"er*y (?), n.; pl. Peripheries (#). [L. peripheria, Gr.
p\'82riph\'82rie.]
1. The outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.
2. (Geom.) The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.
Periphrase
Per"i*phrase (?), n. [L. periphrasis, Gr. p\'82riphrase. See Phrase.]
(Rhet.) The use of more words than are necessary to express the idea;
a roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking; circumlocution. "To
describe by enigmatic periphrases." De Quincey.
Periphrase
Per"i*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Periphrasing.] [Cf. F. p\'82riphraser.] To express by periphrase or
circumlocution.
Periphrase
Per"i*phrase, v. i. To use circumlocution.
Periphrasis
Pe*riph"ra*sis (?), n.; pl. Periphrases (#). [L.] See Periphrase.
Periphrastic, Periphrastical
Per`i*phras"tic (?), Per`i*phras"tic*al (?), a. [Gr.
p\'82riphrastique.] Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are
necessary; characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory. Periphrastic
conjugation (Gram.), a conjugation formed by the use of the simple
verb with one or more auxiliaries.
Periphrastically
Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. With circumlocution.
Periplast
Per"i*plast (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Biol.) Same as Periblast. --
Per`i*plas"tic (#), a. Huxley.
Peripneumonia, Peripneumony
Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n. [L. peripneumonia,
Gr. p\'82ripneumonie. See Peri-, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pneumonia.
(Obsoles.) <-- sic. why is this mark in parentheses rather than
brackets? -->
Peripneumonic
Per`ip*neu*mon"ic (?), a. [L. peripneumonicus, Gr.
p\'82ripneumonique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.
Periproct
Per"i*proct (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The region
surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.
Periproctitis
Per`i*proc*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Proctitus.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.
Peripteral
Pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Gr., fr. (Arch.) Having columns on all sides;
-- said of an edifice. See Apteral.
Peripterous
Pe*rip"ter*ous (?), a.
1. (Arch.) Peripteral.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Feathered all around.
Perisarc
Per"i*sarc (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The outer, hardened
integument which covers most hydroids.
Periscian
Pe*ris"cian (?), a. [Gr. p\'82riscien.] Having the shadow moving all
around.
Periscians, Periscii
Pe*ris"cians (?), Pe*ris"ci*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Periscian.] Those
who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer
days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the
compass.
Periscope
Per"i*scope (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -scope.] A general or comprehensive
view. [R.]
Periscopic
Per`i*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82riscopique.] Viewing all around, or
on all sides. Periscopic spectacles (Opt.), spectacles having
concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature
corresponding to that of the eye, to increase the distinctness of
objects viewed obliquely.
Perish
Per"ish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perishing.] [OE. perissen, perisshen, F. p\'82rir, p.pr. p\'82rissant,
L. perire to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; per through +
ire to go. Cf. Issue, and see -ish.] To be destroyed; to pass away; to
become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.
I perish with hunger! Luke xv. 17.
Grow up and perish, as the summer fly. Milton.
The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking. Locke.
Perish
Per"ish, v. t. To cause perish. [Obs.] Bacon.
Perishability
Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Perishableness.
Perishable
Per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [F. p\'82rissable.] Liable to perish; subject to
decay, destruction, or death; as, perishable goods; our perishable
bodies.
Perishableness
Per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being perishable;
liability to decay or destruction. Locke.
Perishably
Per"ish*a*bly, adv. In a perishable degree or manner.
Perishment
Per"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. perissement.] The act of perishing. [R.]
Udall.
Perisoma
Per`i*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Perisomata (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Perisome.
Perisome
Per"i*some (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire
covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or c\'d2lenterate;
the integument.
Perisperm
Per"i*sperm (?), n. [F. p\'82risperme. See Peri-, and Sperm.] (Bot.)
The albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside
of the embryo sac. -- Per`i*sper"mic (#), a.
Perispheric, Perispherical
Per`i*spher"ic (?), Per`i*spher"ic*al (?), a. Exactly spherical;
globular.
Perispomenon
Per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Perispomena (#). [NL., from Gr. (Gr.
Gram.) A word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable.
Goodwin.
Perispore
Per"i*spore (?), n. (Bot.) The outer covering of a spore.
Perissad
Per"is*sad (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Odd; not even; -- said of elementary
substances and of radicals whose valence is not divisible by two
without a remainder. Contrasted with artiad.<-- ? not in modern usage
-->
Perisse
Per"isse (?), v. i. To perish. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Perissodactyl
Per`is*so*dac"tyl (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Perissodactyla.
Perissodactyla
Per`is*so*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division
of ungulate mammals, including those that have an odd number of toes,
as the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros; -- opposed to Artiodactyla.
Perissological
Per`is*so*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82rissologique.] Redundant or
excessive in words. [R.]
Perissology
Per`is*sol"o*gy (?), n. [L. perissologia, Gr. Superfluity of words.
[R.] G. Campbell.
Peristalsis
Per`i*stal"sis (?), n. [NL. See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.) Peristaltic
contraction or action.
Peristaltic
Per`i*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr. p\'82ristaltique.] (Physiol.) Applied to
the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the intestines and other similar
structures, produced by the successive contraction of the muscular
fibers of their walls, forcing their contents onwards; as, peristaltic
movement. -- Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly (#), adv.
Peristeria
Per`is*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Peristerion.] (Bot.) A genus of
orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant.
Peristerion
Per`is*te"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. peristereon.] (Bot.) The herb
vervain (Verbena officinalis).
Peristerite
Pe*ris"ter*ite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A variety of albite, whitish and
slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.
Peristeromorphous
Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. -morphous.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to the pigeons or Columb\'91.
Peristeropodous
Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having pigeonlike feet;
-- said of those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the
curassows and megapods.
Peristole
Pe*ris"to*le (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. p\'82ristole. See Peristaltic.]
(Physiol.) Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.
Peristoma
Pe*ris"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Peristomata (#). [NL.] Same as Peristome.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1068
Peristome
Per"i*stome (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr.
1. (Bot.) The fringe of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of
mosses. It consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either
single or double.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell.
(b) The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.
Peristomial
Per`i*sto"mi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a peristome.
Peristomium
Per`i*sto"mi*um (?), n. [NL.] Same as Peristome.
Peristrephic
Per`i*streph"ic (?), a. [Gr. Turning around; rotatory; revolving; as,
a peristrephic painting (of a panorama).
Peristyle
Per"i*style (?), n. [L. peristylum, Gr. p\'82ristyle.] (Arch.) A range
of columns with their entablature, etc.; specifically, a complete
system of columns, whether on all sides of a court, or surrounding a
building, such as the cella of a temple. Used in the former sense, it
gives name to the larger and inner court of a Roman dwelling, the
peristyle. See Colonnade.
Perisystole
Per`i*sys"to*le (?), n. [Pref. peri- + systole: cf. F.
p\'82risystole.] (Physiol.) The interval between the diastole and
systole of the heart. It is perceptible only in the dying.
Perite
Pe*rite" (?), a. [L. peritus.] Skilled. [Obs.]
Perithecium
Per`i*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An organ in certain fungi
and lichens, surrounding and enveloping the masses of fructification.
Henslow.
Peritomous
Pe*rit"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. Peri-, and Tome.] (Min.) Cleaving in more
directions than one, parallel to the axis.
Periton\'91um
Per`i*to*n\'91"um (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Peritoneum.
Peritoneal
Per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82riton\'82al.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the peritoneum.
Peritoneum
Per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [L. peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. (Anat.) The
smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, or the
whole body cavity when there is no diaphragm, and, turning back,
surrounds the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly closed, sac.
[Written also periton\'91um.]
Peritonitis
Per`i*to*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the peritoneum.
Peritracheal
Per`i*tra"che*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the trache\'91.
Peritreme
Per"i*treme (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) That part of the
integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles. (b) The edge of
the aperture of a univalve shell.
Peritricha
Pe*rit"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
ciliated Infusoria having a circle of cilia around the oral disk and
sometimes another around the body. It includes the vorticellas. See
Vorticella.
Peritrochium
Per`i*tro"chi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Mech.) The wheel which,
together with the axle, forms the axis in peritrochio, which see under
Axis.
Peritropal
Per*it"ro*pal (?), a. [Gr. p\'82ritrope.]
1. Rotatory; circuitous. [R.]
2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the
pericarp to which it is attached.
Peritropous
Per*it"ro*pous (?), a. Peritropal.
Perityphlitis
Per`i*typh*li"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Typhlitis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the connective tissue about the c\'91cum.
Periuterine
Per`i*u"ter*ine (?), a. (Med.) Surrounding the uterus.
Perivascular
Per`i*vas"cu*lar (?), a. Around the blood vessels; as, perivascular
lymphatics.
Perivertebral
Per`i*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the vertebr\'91.
Perivisceral
Per`i*vis"cer*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around the viscera; as, the
perivisceral cavity.
Perivitelline
Per`i*vi*tel"line (?), a. [Pref. peri- + vitelline.] (Biol.) Situated
around the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona pellucida of an
ovum.
Periwig
Per"i*wig (?), n. [OE. perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F. perruque;
cf. OD. peruyk, from French. See Peruke, and cf. Wig.] A headdress of
false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the
natural hair; a wig. Shak.
Periwig
Per"i*wig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perwigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perwigging (?).] To dress with a periwig, or with false hair. Swift.
Periwinkle
Per"i*win`kle (?), n. [From AS. pinewincla a shellfish, in which pine-
is fr. L. pina, pinna, a kind of mussel, akin to Gr. Winkle.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina.
The common European species (Littorina littorea), in Europe
extensively used as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly
on the American coast. See Littorina.
NOTE: &hand; In America the name is often applied to several large
univalves, as Fulgur carica, and F. canaliculata.
Periwinkle
Per"i*win`kle, n. [OE. pervenke, AS. pervince, fr. L. pervinca.]
(Bot.) A trailing herb of the genus Vinca.
NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon pe rwinkle (V inca mi nor) ha s op posite
evergreen leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in their axils.
In America it is often miscalled myrtle. See under Myrtle.
Perjenet
Per"jen*et (?), n. [Cf. Pear, and Jenneting.] A kind of pear. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Perjure
Per"jure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perjured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perjuring.] [F. parjurer, L. perjurare, perjerare; per through, over +
jurare to swear. See Jury.]
1. To cause to violate an oath or a vow; to cause to make oath
knowingly to what is untrue; to make guilty of perjury; to forswear;
to corrupt; -- often used reflexively; as, he perjured himself.
Want will perjure The ne'er-touched vestal. Shak.
2. To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations.
[Obs.]
And with a virgin innocence did pray For me, that perjured her. J.
Fletcher.
Syn. -- To Perjure, Forswear. These words have been used
interchangeably; but there is a tendency to restrict perjure to that
species of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law,
namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate
or according to law.
Perjure
Per"jure, n. [L. perjurus: cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.] A perjured
person. [Obs.] Shak.
Perjured
Per"jured (?), a. Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn.
Shak. "Perjured persons." 1 Tim. i. 10. "Their perjured oath."
Spenser.
Perjurer
Per"jur*er (?), n. One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or
forswears, in any sense.
Perjurious, Perjurous
Per*ju"ri*ous (?), Per"ju*rous (?), a. [L. perjuriosus, perjurus.]
Guilty of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.] Quarles. B. Johnson.
Perjury
Per"ju*ry (?), n.; pl. Perjuries (#). [L. perjurium. See Perjure, v.]
1. False swearing.
2. (Law) At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material
to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial
proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the
making of willfully false affirmations.
NOTE: &hand; If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it
is made perjury by statute in some jurisdictions in the United
States.
Perk
Perk (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.]
[Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.] To make trim or smart; to
straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to
perk the ears; to perk up one's head. Cowper. Sherburne.
Perk
Perk, v. i. To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. "To perk
over them." Barrow. To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or
saucily. Pope.
Perk
Perk, a. Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain. "Perk as a peacock."
Spenser.
Perk
Perk, v. i. To peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens.
Perkin
Per"kin (?), n. A kind of weak perry.
Perkinism
Per"kin*ism (?), n. (Med.) A remedial treatment, by drawing the
pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the
affected part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins
of Norwich, Conn. See Metallotherapy.
Perky
Perk"y (?), a. Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.
There amid perky larches and pines. Tennyson.
Perlaceous
Per*la"ceous (?), a. [See Pearl.] Pearly; resembling pearl.
Perlid
Per"lid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any insect of the genus Perla, or family
Perlid\'91. See Stone fly, under Stone.
Perlite
Per"lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pearlite.
Perlitic
Per*lit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Relating to or resembling perlite, or
pearlstone; as, the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See Pearlite.
Perlous
Per"lous (?), a. Perilous. [Obs.] Spenser.
Perlustration
Per`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perlustrare to wander all through, to
survey. See 3d Luster.] The act of viewing all over. [Archaic] Howell.
Permanable
Per"ma*na*ble (?), a. Permanent; durable. [Obs.] Lydgate.
Permanence, Permanency
Per"ma*nence (?), Per"ma*nen*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. permanence.] The
quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or
place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the
permanence of nature.
Permanent
Per"ma*nent (?), a. [L. permanens, -entis, p.pr. of permanere to stay
or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F.
permanent. See Per-, and Mansion.] Continuing in the same state, or
without any change that destroys form or character; remaining
unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as,
a permanent impression.
Eternity stands permanent and fixed. Dryden.
Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
carbon monoxide; -- also called incondensible OR incoercible gases,
before their liquefaction in 1877.<-- archaic --> -- Permanent way,
the roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in
distinction from the contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent white
(Chem.), barium sulphate (heavy spar), used as a white pigment or
paint, in distinction from white lead, which tarnishes and darkens
from the formation of the sulphide. Syn. -- Lasting; durable;
constant. See Lasting.
Permanently
Per"ma*nent*ly, adv. In a permanent manner.
Permanganate
Per*man"ga*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of permanganic acid. Potassium
permanganate. (Chem.) See Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.
Permanganic
Per`man*gan"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of
the higher acids of manganese, HMnO4, which forms salts called
permanganates.
Permansion
Per*man"sion (?), n. [L. permansio. See Permanent.] Continuance.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Permeability
Per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perm\'82abilit\'82.] The quality or
state of being permeable. Magnetic permeability (Physics), the
specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or its conducting
power for lines of magnetic force. Sir W. Thomson.
Permeable
Per"me*a*ble (?), a. [L. permeabilis: cf. F. perm\'82able. See
Permeate.] Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding
passage; passable; penetrable; -- used especially of substances which
allow the passage of fluids; as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is
permeable to light. I. Taylor.
Permeably
Per"me*a*bly, adv. In a permeable manner.
Permeant
Per"me*ant (?), a. [L. permeans, p.pr.] Passing through; permeating.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.
Permeate
Per"me*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permeated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Permeating.] [L. permeatus, p.p. of permeare to permeate; per + meare
to go, pass.]
1. To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass
through without causing rupture or displacement; -- applied especially
to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture; as, water
permeates sand. Woodward.
2. To enter and spread through; to pervade.
God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to
permeate and pervade all things. Cudworth.
Permeation
Per`me*a"tion (?), n. The act of permeating, passing through, or
spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance.
Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and
inexistence. Bp. Hall.
Permian
Per"mi*an (?), a. [From the ancient kingdom of Permia, where the
Permian formation exists.] (Geol.) Belonging or relating to the
period, and also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous,
and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era. -- n.
The Permian period. See Chart of Geology.
Permians
Per"mi*ans (?), n. pl.; sing. Permian (. (Ethnol.) A tribe belonging
to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion of Russia.
Permiscible
Per*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L. permiscere to mingle; per + miscere to
mix.] Capable of being mixed.
Permiss
Per*miss" (?), n. [See Permit.] A permitted choice; a rhetorical
figure in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's
opponent. [Obs.] Milton.
Permissibility
Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being permissible;
permissibleness; allowableness.
Permissible
Per*mis"si*ble (?), a. That may be permitted; allowable; admissible.
-- Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mis"si*bly, adv.
Permission
Per*mis"sion (?), n. [L. permissio: cf. F. permission. See Permit.]
The act of permitting or allowing; formal consent; authorization;
leave; license or liberty granted.
High permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton.
You have given me your permission for this address. Dryden.
Syn. -- Leave; liberty; license. -- Leave, Permission. Leave implies
that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted or
not. Permission is the absence on the part of another of anything
preventive, and in general, at least by implication, signifies
approval.
Permissive
Per*mis"sive (?), a.
1. Permitting; granting leave or liberty. "By his permissive will."
Milton.
2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered. Milton.
Permissively
Per*mis"sive*ly, adv. In a permissive manner.
Permistion
Per*mis"tion (?), n. [L. permistio, permixtio, fr. permiscere,
permistum, and permixtum. See Permiscible.] The act of mixing; the
state of being mingled; mixture. [Written also permixtion.]
Permit
Per*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Permitting.] [L. permittere, permissum, to let through, to allow,
permit; per + mittere to let go, send. See Per-, and Mission.]
1. To consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put
up with.
What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he permitteth
with approbation either to be done or left undone. Hooker.
2. To grant (one) express license or liberty to do an act; to
authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an infinitive.
Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Acis xxvi. 1.
3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit.
Let us not aggravate our sorrows, But to the gods permit the event
of things. Addison.
Syn. -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent
to. -- To Allow, Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To allow is more positive,
denoting (at least originally and etymologically) a decided assent,
either directly or by implication. To permit is more negative, and
imports only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The
distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To suffer
has a stronger passive or negative sense than to permit, sometimes
implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate is
to endure what is contrary to will or desire. To suffer and to
tolerate are sometimes used without discrimination.
Permit
Per*mit", v. i. To grant permission; to allow.
Permit
Per"mit (?), n. Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a
written license or permission given to a person or persons having
authority; as, a permit to land goods subject to duty.
Permittance
Per*mit"tance (?), n. The act of permitting; allowance; permission;
leave. Milton.
Permittee
Per`mit*tee" (?), n. One to whom a permission or permit is given.
Permitter
Per*mit"ter (?), n. One who permits.
A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin. J. Edwards.
Permix
Per*mix" (?), v. t. To mix; to mingle. [Obs.]
Permixtion
Per*mix"tion (?), n. See Permission.
Permutable
Per*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. permutable.] Capable of being permuted;
exchangeable. -- Per*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mut"a*bly, adv.
Permutation
Per`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See
Permute.]
1. The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another; mutual
transference; interchange.
The violent convulsions and permutations that have been made in
property. Burke.
2. (Math.) (a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as
units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the
other; -- called also alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4. (b) Any one
of such possible arrangements.
3. (Law) Barter; exchange.
Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts can be transposed or
shifted, so as to require different arrangements of the tumblers on
different occasions of unlocking.
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Permute
Per*mute" (?), v. t. [L. permutare, permutatum; per + mutare to
change: cf. F. permuter.]
1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.
2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic. [Obs.]
Bought, trucked, permuted, or given. Hakluyt.
Permuter
Per*mut"er (?), n. One who permutes.
Pern
Pern (?), v. t. [See Pernancy.] To take profit of; to make profitable.
[Obs.] Sylvester.
Pern
Pern, n. (Zo\'94l.) The honey buzzard.
Pernancy
Per"nan*cy (?), n. [OF. prenance, fr. prendre, prenre, penre, to take,
L. prendere, prehendere.] (Law) A taking or reception, as the
receiving of rents or tithes in kind, the receiving of profits.
Blackstone.
Pernel
Per"nel (?), n. See Pimpernel. [Obs.]
Pernicion
Per*ni"cion (?), n. [See 2d Pernicious.] Destruction; perdition.
[Obs.] hudibras.
Pernicious
Per*ni"cious (?), a. [L. pernix, -icis.] Quick; swift (to burn). [R.]
Milton.
Pernicious
Per*ni"cious, a. [L. perniciosus, from pernicies destruction, from
pernecare to kill or slay outright; per + necare to kill, slay: cf. F.
pernicieux. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.] Having the quality of injuring
or killing; destructive; very mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked.
Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar. Shak.
Pernicious to his health. Prescott.
Syn. -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful;
deleterious; hurtful; mischievous. -- Per*ni"cious*ly, adv., --
Per*ni"cious*ness, n.
Pernicity
Per*nic"i*ty (?), n. [L. pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.] Swiftness;
celerity. [R.] Ray.
Pernio
Per"ni*o (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A chilblain.
Pernoctalian
Per`noc*ta"li*an (?), n. One who watches or keeps awake all night.
Pernoctation
Per`noc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all
night; per + nox, noctis, night.] The act or state of passing the
whole night; a remaining all night. "Pernoctation in prayer." Jer.
Taylor.
Pernor
Per"nor (?), n. [See Pern, v.] (Law) One who receives the profits, as
of an estate.
Pernot furnace
Per"not fur"nace (?). [So called from Charles Pernot, its inventor.] A
reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, -- used in
making steel.
Pernyi moth
Per"ny*i moth" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A silk-producing moth (Attacus Pernyi)
which feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and
America from China.
Perofskite
Per*of"skite (?), n. [From von Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.) A
titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals. [Written
also Perovskite.]
Perogue
Pe*rogue (?), n. See Pirogue.
Peronate
Per"o*nate (?), a. [L. peronatus roughpero, -onis, a kind of rough
boot.] (Bot.) A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi
which are covered with a woolly substance which at length becomes
powdery. Henslow.
Peroneal
Per`o*ne"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the fibula; in
the region of the fibula.
Perorate
Per"o*rate (?), v. i. [See Peroration.] To make a peroration; to
harangue. [Colloq.]
Peroration
Per`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. peroratio, fr. perorate, peroratum, to speak
from beginning to end; per + orate to speak. See Per-, and Oration.]
(Rhet.) The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing
up and enforcement of an argument. Burke.
Peroxidation
Per*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. Act, process, or result of peroxidizing;
oxidation to a peroxide.
Peroxide
Per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) An oxide containing more oxygen than some
other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as
the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.
Peroxidize
Per*ox"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peroxidized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Peroxidizing.] (Chem.) To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to
form a peroxide.
Perpend
Per*pend" (?), v. t. [L. perpendere, perpensum; per + pendere to
weight.] To weight carefully in the mind. [R.] "Perpend my words."
Shak.
Perpend
Per*pend", v. i. To attend; to be attentive. [R.] Shak.
Perpender
Per*pend"er (?), n. [F. parpaing, pierre parpaigne; of uncertain
origin.] (Masonry) A large stone reaching through a wall so as to
appear on both sides of it, and acting as a binder; -- called also
perbend, perpend stone, and perpent stone.
Perpendicle
Per*pen"di*cle (?), n. [L. perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang: cf.
F. perpendicule.] Something hanging straight down; a plumb line.
[Obs.]
Perpendicular
Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L. perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf.
F. perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle, Pension.]
1. Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right
angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any
point toward the center of the earth.
2. (Geom.) At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad
is perpendicular to the line bc.
Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name given to the latest variety of
English Gothic architecture, which prevailed from the close of the
14th century to the early part of the 16th; -- probably so called from
the vertical style of its window mullions.
Perpendicular
Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), n.
1. A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line
or direction.
2. (Geom.) A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or
surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.
Perpendicularity
Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perpendicularit\'82.] The
quality or state of being perpendicular.
Perpendicularly
Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a perpendicular manner; vertically.
Perpend stone
Per"pend stone` (?). See Perpender.
Perpension
Per*pen"sion (?), n. [See Perpend.] Careful consideration; pondering.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Perpensity
Per*pen"si*ty (?), n. Perpension. [Obs.]
Perpent stone
Per"pent stone` (?). See Perpender.
Perpession
Per*pes"sion (?), n. [L. perpessio, fr. perpeti, perpessus, to bear
steadfastly; per + pati to bear.] Suffering; endurance. [Obs.] Bp.
Pearson.
Perpetrable
Per"pe*tra"ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetrated. R. North.
Perpetrate
Per"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetrating.] [L. perpetratus, p.p. of perpetrare to effect,
perpetrare; per + patrare to perform.] To do or perform; to carry
through; to execute, commonly in a bad sense; to commit (as a crime,
an offense); to be guilty of; as, to perpetrate a foul deed.
What the worst perpetrate, or best endure. Young.
Perpetration
Per`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perpetratio: cf. F. perp\'82tration.]
1. The act of perpetrating; a doing; -- commonly used of doing
something wrong, as a crime.
2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action.
Perpetrator
Per"pe*tra`tor (?), n. [L.] One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits
an offense or crime.
Perpetuable
Per*pet"u*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetuated or continued.
Varieties are perpetuable, like species. Gray.
Perpetual
Per*pet"u*al (?), a. [OE. perpetuel, F. perp\'82tuel, fr. L.
perpetualis, fr. perpetuus continuing throughout, continuous, fr.
perpes, -etis, lasting throughout.] Neverceasing; continuing forever
or for an unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting; continuous.
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. Shak.
Perpetual feast of nectared sweets. Milton.
Circle of perpetual apparition, OR occultation. See under Circle. --
Perpetual calendar, a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for
any month or year. -- Perpetual curacy (Ch. of Eng.), a curacy in
which all the tithes are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed.
Blackstone. -- Perpetual motion. See under Motion. -- Perpetual screw.
See Endless screw, under Screw. Syn. -- Continual; unceasing; endless;
everlasting; incessant; constant; eternal. See Constant.
Perpetually
Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv. In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually.
The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being
perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for
language. Swift.
Perpetualty
Per*pet"u*al*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being perpetual.
[Obs.] Testament of Love.
Perpetuance
Per*pet"u*ance (?), n. Perpetuity. [Obs.]
Perpetuate
Per*pet"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetuated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Perpetuating.] [L. perpetuatus, p.p. of perpetuare to
perpetuate. See Perpetual.] To make perpetual; to cause to endure,
or to be continued, indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or
oblivion; to eternize. Addison. Burke.
Perpetuate
Per*pet"u*ate (?), a. [L. perpetuatus, p.p.] Made perpetual;
perpetuated. [R.] Southey.
Perpetuation
Per*pet`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perp\'82tuation.] The act of
making perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an
endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time;
continuance. Sir T. Browne.
Perpetuity
Per`pe*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perpetuitas: cf. F. perp\'82tuit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of
laws. Bacon.
A path to perpetuity of fame. Byron.
The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity. I. Taylor.
2. Something that is perpetual. South.
3. Endless time. "And yet we should, for perpetuity, go hence in
debt." Shak.
4. (Annuities) (a) The number of years in which the simple interest
of any sum becomes equal to the principal. (b) The number of years'
purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever. (c) A
perpetual annuity.
5. (Law) (a) Duration without limitations as to time. (b) The
quality or condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable,
either perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate
itself so modified or perpetuated.
Perplex
Per*plex" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perplexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perplexing.] [L. perplexari. See Perplex, a.]
1. To involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and
difficult to be unraveled or understood; as, to perplex one with
doubts.
No artful wildness to perplex the scene. Pope.
What was thought obscure, perplexed, and too hard for our weak
parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view. Locke.
2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse;
to trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety. "Perplexd beyond
self-explication." Shak.
We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Cor. iv. 8.
We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to
perplex the mind. Locke.
3. To plague; to vex; to tormen. Glanvill. Syn. -- To entangle;
involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle; bewilder; confuse;
distract. See Embarrass.
Perplex
Per*plex", a. [L. perplexus entangled, intricate; per + plectere,
plexum, to plait, braid: cf. F. perplexe. See Per-, and Plait.]
Intricate; difficult. [Obs.] Glanvill.
Perplexed
Per*plexed" (?), a. Entangled, involved, or confused; hence,
embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful; anxious. -- Per*plex"ed*ly (#), adv.
-- Per*plex"ed*ness, n.
Perplexing
Per*plex"ing (?), a. Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome.
"Perplexing thoughts." Milton.
Perplexity
Per*plex"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Perplexities (#). [L. perplexitas: cf.
F. perplexit\'82.] The quality or state of being perplexed or
puzzled; complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind
through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt.
By their own perplexities involved, They ravel more. Milton.
Perplexiveness
Per*plex"ive*ness (?), n. The quality of being perplexing; tendency
to perplex. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Perplexly
Per*plex"ly, adv. Perplexedly. [Obs.] Milton.
Perpotation
Per`po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See Per-, and
Potation.] The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.]
Perquisite
Per"qui*site (?), n. [L. perquisitum, fr. perquisitus, p.p. of
perquirere to ask for diligently; per + quaerere to seek. See Per-,
and Quest.]
1. Something gained from a place or employment over and above the
ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a
fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service.
The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the
perquisite of the soldiers. Prescott.
The best perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man
of doing good. Addison.
2. pl. (Law) Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased
with his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by
descent. Mozley & W.
Perquisited
Per"qui*sit*ed, a. Supplied with perquisites. [Obs.] "Perquisited
varlets frequent stand." Savage.
Perquisition
Per`qui*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perquisition.] A thorough inquiry
of search. [R.] Berkeley.
Perradial
Per*ra"di*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Situated around the radii, or
radial tubes, of a radiate.
Perrie
Per"rie (?), n. [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.]
Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also perre, perrye, etc.]
Chaucer.
Perrier
Per"ri*er (?), n. [OF. perriere, perrier, F. perrier. Cf.
Pederero.] (Mil.) A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone
shot. Hakluyt.
Perroquet
Per`ro*quet" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet, Parakeet.
Perruque
Per`ruque" (?), n. [F.] See Peruke.
Perruquier
Per*ru"qui*er (?), n. [F.] A marker of perukes or wigs.
Perry
Per"ry (?), n. [OF. per\'82, F. poir\'82, fr. poire a pear, L.
pirum. See Pear the fruit.] A fermented liquor made from pears;
pear cider. Mortimer.
Perry
Per"ry, n. A suddent squall. See Pirry. [Obs.]
Pers
Pers (?), a. [F. pers.] Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term applied
to different shades at different periods. -- n. A cloth of sky-blue
color. [Obs.] "A long surcoat of pers." Chaucer.
Persalt
Per"salt` (?), n. (Chem.) A term formerly given to the salts
supposed to be formed respectively by neutralizing acids with
certain peroxides. [Obsoles.]
Persant
Per"sant (?), a. [F. per\'87ant, p.pr. of percer to pierce.]
Piercing. [Obs.] Spenser.
Perscrutation
Per`scru*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perscrutatio, fr. perscrutari to
search through.] A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or
scrutiny. Carlyle
Persecot
Per"se*cot (?), n. See Persicot.
Persecute
Per"se*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persecuted (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Persecuting.] [F. pers\'82cueter, L. persequi, persecutus, to
pursue, prosecute; per + sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and
Second.]
1. To pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset
with cruelty or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict,
harass, punish, or put to death, for adherence to a particular
religious creed or mode of worship.
Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully
use you, and persecute you. Matt. v. 44.
2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent
solicitations; to annoy. Johnson. Syn. -- To oppress; harass;
distress; worry; annoy.
Persecution
Per`se*cu"tion (?), n. [F. pers\'82cution, L. persecutio.]
1. The act or practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction
of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a particular creed or mode
of worship.
Persecution produces no sincere conviction. Paley.
2. The state or condition of being persecuted. Locke.
3. A carrying on; prosecution. [Obs.]
Persecutor
Per"se*cu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. pers\'82cuteur.] One who
persecutes, or harasses. Shak.
Persecutrix
Per"se*cu`trix (?), n. [L.] A woman who persecutes.
Perseid
Per"se*id (?), n. (Astron.) One of a group of shooting stars which
appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in
paths apparently radiating from the constellation Perseus. They are
beleived to be fragments once connected with a comet visible in
1862.
Perseus
Per"se*us (?), n. [L., from Gr.
1. (Class. Myth.) A Grecian legendary hero, son of Jupiter and
Dana\'89, who slew the Gorgon Medusa.
2. (Astron.) A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus
and Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye
as a nebula.
Persever
Per*sev"er (?), v. i. To persevere. [Obs.]
Perseverance
Per`se*ver"ance (?), n. [F. pers\'82v\'82rance, L. perseverantia.]
1. The act of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken;
continued pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise
begun. "The king-becoming graces . . . perseverance, mercy,
lowliness." Shak.
Whose constant perseverance overcame Whate'er his cruel malice
could invent. Milton.
2. Discrimination. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.
3. (Theol.) Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded
by a state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance, and the
perseverance of the saints. See Calvinism. Syn. -- Persistence;
steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.
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Page 1070
Perseverant
Per`se*ver"ant (?), a. [L. perseverans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F.
pers\'82v\'82rant.] Persevering. [R.] "Perseverant faith." Whitby.
-- Per`se*ver"ant*ly, adv. [R.]
Persevere
Per`se*vere" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persevered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Persevering.] [F. pers\'82v\'82rer, L. perseverare, fr.
perseverus very strict; per + severus strict, severe. See Per-, and
Severe.] To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to
pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose
in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not
to give or abandon what is undertaken.
Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright.
Milton.
Syn. -- To Persevere, Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying
aside is common to these words. Continue is the generic term,
denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to
continue in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from
a desire to obtain our end. To persist is to continue from a
determination of will not to give up. Persist is frequently used in
a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.
Persevering
Per`se*ver"ing (?), a. Characterized by perseverance; persistent.
-- Per`se*ver"ing*ly, adv.
Persian
Per"sian (?), a. [From Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf. Parsee, Peach,
Persic.] Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their
language.
Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn,
used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond. --
Persian cat. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora. -- Persian
columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a Persian
slave; -- called also Persians. See Atlantes. -- Persian drill
(Mech.), a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along
a spirally grooved drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.), malignant
pustule. -- Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect. --
Persian red. See Indian red (a), under Indian. -- Persian wheel, a
noria; a tympanum. See Noria.
Persian
Per"sian, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Persia.
2. The language spoken in Persia.
3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck.
4. pl. (Arch.) See Persian columns, under Persian, a.
Persic
Per"sic (?), a. [L. Persicus. Cf. Persian.] Of or relating to Persia.
-- n. The Persian language.
Persicaria
Per`si*ca"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See
Peach.] (Bot.) See Lady's thumb.
Persicot
Per"si*cot (?), n. [F. See Peach.] A cordial made of the kernels of
apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.
Persiflage
Per`si`flage" (?), n. [F., fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per + siffler
to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare, sifilare.] Frivolous or bantering talk;
a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or
otherwise; light raillery. Hannah More.
Persifleur
Per`si`fleur (?), n. [F.] One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer;
a quiz. Carlyle.
Persimmon
Per*sim"mon (?), n. [Virginia Indian.] (Bot.) An American tree
(Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New York southward.
The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and
astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes
palatable and nutritious. Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its
red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but
contains a few large seeds.
Persis
Per"sis (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of coloring matter
obtained from lichens.
Persism
Per"sism (?), n. A Persian idiom.
Persist
Per*sist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persisting.] [L. persistere; per + sistere to stand or be fixed, fr.
stare to stand: cf. F. persister. See Per-, and Stand.] To stand firm;
to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially,
to continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to
persevere; -- sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of
doggedness or obstinacy.
If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular
persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals. Addison.
Some positive, persisting fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will
needs be always so. Pope.
That face persists. It floats up; it turns over in my mind. Mrs.
Browning.
Syn. -- See Persevere, and Insist.
Persistence, Persistency
Per*sist"ence (?), Per*sist"en*cy (?), n. [See Persistent.]
1. The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing
quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.
2. The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise
to it is removed; as: (a) (Physics) The persistence of motion. (b)
(Physiol.) Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual
impression; auditory persistence, etc.
Persistent
Per*sist"ent (?), a. [L. persistens, -entis, p.pr. of persistere. See
Persist.]
1. Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of
position or purpose.
2. (Biol.) Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind
sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or
gills; a persistent calyx; -- opposed to deciduous, and caducous.
Persistently
Per*sist"ent*ly, adv. In a persistent manner.
Persisting
Per*sist"ing, a. Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose;
persistent. -- Per*sist"ing*ly, adv.
Persistive
Per*sist"ive (?), a. See Persistent. Shak.
Persolve
Per*solve" (?), v. t. [L. persolvere.] To pay wholly, or fully. [Obs.]
E. Hall.
Person
Per"son (?), n. [OE. persone, persoun, person, parson, OF. persone, F.
personne, L. persona a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a
person, fr. personare to sound through; per + sonare to sound. See
Per-, and cf. Parson.]
1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation
of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or
dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic]
His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a
sycophant or juggler. Bacon.
No man can long put on a person and act a part. Jer. Taylor.
To bear rule, which was thy part And person, hadst thou known
thyself aright. Milton.
How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the
person of a magistrate and that of a friend! South.
2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of
comely person.
A fair persone, and strong, and young of age. Chaucer.
If it assume my noble father's person. Shak.
Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined. Milton.
3. , self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a
moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.
Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking,
intelligent being, that has reason and reflection. Locke.
4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person
present.
5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.] Chaucer.
6. (Theol.) Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the
Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis.
"Three persons and one God." Bk. of Com. Prayer.
7. (Gram.) One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking,
that of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a
noun or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the
subject.
NOTE: &hand; A no un or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is
said to be in the first person; when representing what is spoken
to, in the second person; when representing what is spoken of, in
the third person.
8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound
Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense,
among the higher animals. Haeckel.
True corms, composed of united person\'91 . . . usually arise by
gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion
of several originally distinct persons. Encyc. Brit.
Artificial, OR Fictitious, person (Law), a corporation or body
politic. blackstone.<-- = legal person --> -- Natural person (Law), a
man, woman, or child, in distinction from a corporation. -- In person,
by one's self; with bodily presence; not by representative. "The king
himself in person is set forth." Shak. -- In the person of, in the
place of; acting for. Shak.
Person
Per"son (?), v. t. To represent as a person; to personify; to
impersonate. [Obs.] Milton.
Persona
Per*so"na (?), n.; pl. Person\'91 (#). [L.] (Biol.) Same as Person,
n., 8.
Personable
Per"son*a*ble (?), a.
1. Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good
appearance; presentable; as, a personable man or woman.
Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind. Spenser.
The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not personable. E.
Hall.
2. (Law) (a) Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Cowell. (b) Having
capacity to take anything granted.
Personage
Per"son*age (?), n. [F. personnage.]
1. Form, appearance, or belongings of a person; the external
appearance, stature, figure, air, and the like, of a person. "In
personage stately." Hayward.
The damsel well did view his personage. Spenser.
2. Character assumed or represented. "The actors and personages of
this fable." Broome. "Disguised in a false personage." Addison.
3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar
character; as, an illustrious personage; a comely personage of stature
tall. Spenser.
Personal
Per"son*al (?), a. [L. personalis: cf. F. personnel.]
1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things.
Every man so termed by way of personal difference. Hooker.
2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting,
an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to
private concerns; not public or general; as, personal comfort;
personal desire.
The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so
personal to Cain. Locke.
3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as,
personal charms. Addison.
4. Done in person; without the intervention of another. "Personal
communication." Fabyan.
The immediate and personal speaking of God. White.
5. Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or
private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal
reflections or remarks.
6. (Gram.) Denoting person; as, a personal pronoun.
Personal action (Law), a suit or action by which a man claims a debt
or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims
satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property, or
the specific recovery of goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action.
-- Personal equation. (Astron.) See under Equation. -- Personal estate
OR property (Law), movables; chattels; -- opposed to real estate or
property. It usually consists of things temporary and movable,
including all subjects of property not of a freehold nature. --
Personal identity (Metaph.), the persistent and continuous unity of
the individual person, which is attested by consciousness. -- Personal
pronoun (Gram.), one of the pronouns I, thou, he, she, it, and their
plurals. -- Personal representatives (Law), the executors or
administrators of a person deceased. -- Personal rights, rights
appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a personal security,
personal liberty, and private property. -- Personal tithes. See under
Tithe. -- Personal verb (Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected
to correspond with the three persons.
Personal
Per"son*al, n. (Law) A movable; a chattel.
Personalism
Per"son*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being personal;
personality. [R.]
Personality
Per`son*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Personalities (#). [Cf. F.
personnalit\'82. Cf. Personality.]
1. That which constitutes distinction of person; individuality.
Personality is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature
as a ground. Coleridge.
2. Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct,
etc., of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or
offensive nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in personalities.
Sharp personalities were exchanged. Macaulay.
3. (Law) That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state,
and capacity of persons. Burrill.
Personalize
Per"son*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personalized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Personalizing (?).] To make personal. "They personalize death." H.
Spencer.
Personally
Per"son*al*ly, adv.
1. In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by
representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter personally.
He, being cited, personally came not. Grafton.
2. With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually;
particularly.
She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally
to the king. Bacon.
3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as,
personally I have no feeling in the matter.
Personalty
Per"son*al*ty (?), n.
1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.]
2. (Law) Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real
property.
Personate
Per"son*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Personating (?).] [L. personare to cry out, LL., to extol. See
Person.] To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]
In fable, hymn, or song so personating Their gods ridiculous.
Milton.
Personate
Per"son*ate, v. t. [L. personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr.
persona a mask. See Person.]
1. To assume the character of; to represent by a fictitious
appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; as,
he tried to personate his brother; a personated devotion. Hammond.
2. To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A
personated mate." Milton.
3. To personify; to typify; to describe. Shak.
Personate
Per"son*ate, v. i. To play or assume a character.
Personate
Per"son*ate (?), a. [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.) Having the throat
of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of
the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.
Personation
Per`son*a"tion (?), n. The act of personating, or conterfeiting the
person or character of another.
Personator
Per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who personates. "The personators of these
actions." B. Jonson.
Personeity
Per`son*e"i*ty (?), n. Personality. [R.] Coleridge.
Personification
Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. personnification.]
1. The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment. C. Knight.
2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract
idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality;
prosopopas, the floods clap their hands. "Confusion heards his voice."
Milton.
Personifier
Per*son"i*fi`er (?), n. One who personifies.
Personify
Per*son"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Personifying (?).] [Person + -fy: cf. F. personnifier.]
1. To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a
rational being.
The poets take the liberty of personifying inanimate things.
Chesterfield.
2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he
personifies the law.
Personize
Per"son*ize (?), v. t. To personify. [R.]
Milton has personized them. J. Richardson.
Personnel
Per`son`nel" (?), n. [F. See Personal.] The body of persons employed
in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished from
mat\'82riel.
Perspective
Per*spec"tive (?), a. [L. perspicere, perspectum, to look through; per
+ spicere, specere, to look: cf. F. perspectif; or from E.
perspective, n. See Spy, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of
perspective.
Perspective plane, the plane or surface on which the objects are
delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of projection; --
distinguished from the ground plane, which is that on which the
objects are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the
principal face of the object, the perspective is called oblique
perspective; when parallel to that face, parallel perspective. --
Perspective shell (Zo\'94l.), any shell of the genus Solarium and
allied genera. See Solarium.
Perspective
Per*spec"tive, n. [F. perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It.
perspettiva. See Perspective, a.]
1. A glass through which objects are viewed. [Obs.] "Not a
perspective, but a mirror." Sir T. Browne.
2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista. "The
perspective of life." Goldsmith.
3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of
which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable
distance. Hence, a\'89rial perspective, the assumed greater vagueness
or uncertainty of outline in distant objects.
A\'89rial perspective is the expression of space by any means
whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc. Ruskin.
4. The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall
seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; -- called also
linear perspective.
5. A drawing in linear perspective.
Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of
representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube. --
Perspective glass, a telescope which shows objects in the right
position.
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Page 1071
Perspectively
Per*spec"tive*ly (?), adv.
1. Optically; as through a glass. [R.]
You see them perspectively. Shak.
2. According to the rules of perspective.
Perspectograph
Per*spec"to*graph (?), n. [L. perspectus (p.p. of perspicere to look
through) + -graph.] An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a
picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them
in their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.
Perspectography
Per`spec*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The science or art of delineating objects
according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.
Perspicable
Per"spi*ca*ble (?), a. [L. perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.]
Discernible. [Obs.] Herbert.
Perspicacious
Per`spi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to look
through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.]
1. Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.
2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen. -- Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.
Perspicacity
Per`spi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacit\'82.
See Perspicacious.] The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of
sight or of intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne.
Perspicacy
Per"spi*ca*cy (?), n. Perspicacity. [Obs.]
Perspicience
Per*spi"cience (?), n. [L. perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p.p. of
perspicere. See Perspective.] The act of looking sharply. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Perspicil
Per"spi*cil (?), n. [LL. perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look
through.] An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw.
Perspicuity
Per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of
expression or thought.
3. Sagacity; perspicacity. Syn. -- Clearness; perspicuousness;
plainness; distinctness; lucidity; transparency. See Clearness.
Perspicuous
Per*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. perspicuus, from perspicere to look
through. See Perspective.]
1. Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not opaque.
[Obs.] Peacham.
2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood;
clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a
perspicuous writer; perspicuous statements. "The purpose is
perspicuous." Shak. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ness,
n.
Perspirability
Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perspirable.
Perspirable
Per*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perspirable.]
1. Capable of being perspired. Sir T. Browne.
2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon.
Perspiration
Per`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perspiration.]
1. The act or process of perspiring.
2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.
NOTE: &hand; A ma n of average weight throws off through the skin
during 24 hours about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid
matter, and 400 grains of carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this
constant exhalation is not apparent, and the excretion is then
termed insensible perspiration.
Perspirative
Per*spir"a*tive (?), a. Performing the act of perspiration;
perspiratory.
Perspiratory
Per*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or producing,
perspiration; as, the perspiratory ducts.
Perspire
Per*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perspired (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perspiring.] [L. perspirare to breathe through; per + spirare. See
Per-, and Spirit.]
1. (Physiol.) To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete
fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.
2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the
skin; as, a fluid perspires.
Perspire
Per*spire", v. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin;
to sweat; to excrete through pores.
Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of turpentine. Smollett.
Perstreperous
Per*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L. perstrepere to make a great noise.]
Noisy; obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford.
Perstringe
Per*stringe" (?), v. t. [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind up,
to touch upon.]
1. To touch; to graze; to glance on. [Obs.]
2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn.
Persuadable
Per*suad"a*ble (?), a. That may be persuaded. -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Per*suad"a*bly, adv.
Persuade
Per*suade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persuading.] [L. persuadere, persuasum; per + suadere to advise,
persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per-, and Suasion.]
1. To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty,
expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by
presenting sufficient motives.<-- "gain over" = win over, win to one's
side -->
Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28.
We will persuade him, be it possible. Shak.
2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent]
Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you. 2 Kings xviii.
32.
3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from
reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.
Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. Heb. vi. 9.
4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend.
Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over;
allure; entice. See Convince.
Persuade
Per*suade" (?), v. i. To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by
persuasion. Shak.
Persuade
Per*suade", n. Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Persuaded
Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a. Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or
entreaty; convinced. -- Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. -- Per*suad"ed*ness, n.
Persuader
Per*suad"er (?), n. One who, or that which, persuades or influences.
"Powerful persuaders." Milton.
Persuasibility
Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being persuaded. Hawthorne.
Persuasible
Per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. L. persuasibilis persuasive, F.
persuasible persuasible.]
1. Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.
2. Persuasive. [Obs.] Bale. -- Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n. --
Per*sua"si*bly, adv.
Persuasion
Per*sua"sion (?), n. [L. persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.]
1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments
or reasons offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or
inclines the will to a determination.
For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion. Otway.
2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or
conviction, which has been induced.
If the general persuasion of all men does so account it. Hooker.
My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes, That Heaven will weigh
man's virtues and his crimes With nice attention. Cowper.
3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or
system of opinions; as, of the same persuasion; all persuasions are
agreed.
Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political. Jefferson.
4. The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness.
Is 't possible that my deserts to you Can lack persuasion? Shak.
5. That which persuades; a persuasive. [R.] Syn. -- See Conviction.
Persuasive
Per*sua"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. persuasif.] Tending to persuade; having
the power of persuading; as, persuasive eloquence. "Persuasive words."
Milton.
Persuasive
Per*sua"sive, n. That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement;
an exhortation. -- Per*sua"sive*ly, adv. -- Per*sua"sive*ness, n.
Persuasory
Per*sua"so*ry (?), a. Persuasive. Sir T. Browne.
Persulphate
Per*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphate of the peroxide of any base.
[R.]
Persulphide
Per*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphide containing more sulphur than
some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a
persulphide; -- formerly called persulphuret.
Persulphocyanate
Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of persulphocyanic acid.
[R.]
Persulphocyanic
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a
yellow crystalline substance (called also perthiocyanic acid),
analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur.
Persulphocyanogen
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-yellow substance,
produced by the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and
sulphocyanate of potassium; -- called also pseudosulphocyanogen,
perthiocyanogen, and formerly sulphocyanogen.
Persulphuret
Per*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphide. [Obs.]
Pert
Pert (?), a. [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true,
free, or impudent. See Apert.]
1. Open; evident; apert. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart. [Obs.] Shak.
3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent. "A very
pert manner." Addison.
The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play. Cowper.
Pert
Pert, v. i. To behave with pertness. [Obs.] Gauden.
Pertain
Per*tain" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pertaining.] [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch
out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See Per-, and
Tenable, and cf. Appertain, Pertinent.]
1. To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something, as
an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness pertains
to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life.
Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth
not to them. Hayward.
2. To have relation or reference to something.
These words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them
at their time. Latimer.
Perterebration
Per*ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. perterebratus, p.p. of perterebrare to
bore through.] The act of boring through. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
Perthiocyanogen
Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Persulphocyanogen.
Perthite
Perth"ite (?), n. [So called from Perth, in canada.] (Min.) A kind of
feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite and
orthoclase, usually of different colors. -- Per*thit"ic (#), a.
Pertinacious
Per`ti*na"cious (?), a.[L. pertinax, -acis; per + tenax tenacious. See
Per-, and Tenacious.]
1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design, with
obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as, pertinacious
plotters; a pertinacious beggar.
2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.
Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study. South.
Syn. -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute;
determined; firm; constant; steady. -- Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.
Pertinacity
Per`ti*nac"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pertinacit\'82.] The quality or state
of being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency. Macaulay.
Syn. -- See Obstinacy.
Pertinacy
Per"ti*na*cy (?), n. [L. pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.] The
quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence. [Obs.]
Pertinacy
Per"ti*na*cy, n. [L. pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See Pertinacious.]
Pertinacity. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pertinate
Per"ti*nate (?), a. Pertinacious. [Obs.]
Pertinately
Per"ti*nate*ly, adv. Pertinaciously. [Obs.]
Pertinence, Pertinency
Per"ti*nence (?), Per"ti*nen*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. pertinence. See
Pertinent.] The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of
relation to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness;
relevancy; suitableness.
The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse. Bentley.
Pertinent
Per"ti*nent (?), a. [L. pertinens, -entis, p.pr. of pertinere: cf. F.
pertinent. See Pertain.]
1. Belonging or related to the subject or matter in hand; fit or
appropriate in any way; adapted to the end proposed; apposite;
material; relevant; as, pertinent illustrations or arguments;
pertinent evidence.
2. Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining. [R.] "Pertinent unto
faith." Hooker. Syn. -- Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate;
fit. -- Per"ti*nent*ly, adv. -- Per"ti*nent*ness, n.
Pertly
Pert"ly (?), adv. In a pert manner.
Pertness
Pert"ness, n. The quality or state of being pert.
Pertransient
Per*tran"sient (?), a. [L. pertransiens, p.pr. of pertransire.]
Passing through or over. [R.]
Perturb
Per*turb" (?), v. t. [L. perturbare, perturbatum; per + turbare to
disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf. OF. perturber. See Per-, and
Turbid.]
1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.
Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying. Chaucer.
2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Perturbability
Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perturbable.
Perturbable
Per*turb"a*ble (?), a. Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to
be disturbed or disquieted.
Perturbance
Per*turb"ance (?), n. Disturbance; perturbation. [R.] "Perturbance of
the mind." Sharp.
Perturbate
Per"tur*bate (?), v. t. [From L. perturbatus, p.p.] To perturb. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Perturbate
Per"tur*bate (?), a. Perturbed; agitated. [R.]
Perturbation
Per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.]
1. The act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp.,
agitation of mind.
2. (Astron.) A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of
a heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which
causes its regular motion; as, the perturbations of the planets are
caused by their attraction on each other. Newcomb.
Perturbational
Per`tur*ba"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to
the perturbations of the planets. "The perturbational theory." Sir J.
Herschel.
Perturbative
Per"tur*ba*tive (?), a. Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing. Sir
J. Herschel.
Perturbator
Per"tur*ba`tor (?), n. A perturber. [R.]
Perturbed
Per*turbed" (?), a. Agitated; disturbed; troubled. Shak. --
Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.
Perturber
Per*turb"er (?), n. One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause
perturbation.
Pertusate
Per*tus"ate (?), a. [See Pertuse.] (Bot.) Pierced at the apex.
Pertuse, Pertused
Per*tuse" (?), Per*tused" (?), a. [L. pertusus, p.p. of pertundere to
beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf. F.
pertus. Cf. Pierce.] Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.
Pertusion
Per*tu"sion (?), n. [L. pertusio.] The act of punching or piercing
with a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a vein. [R.] Arbuthnot.
2. A punched hole; a perforation. Bacon.
Pertussis
Per*tus"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.]
(Med.) The whooping cough.
Peruke
Per"uke (?), n. [F. perruque, It. perrucca, parrucca, fr. L. pilus
hair. Cf. Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off, Plush, Pile a hair.] A wig;
a periwig.
Peruke
Per"uke, v. t. To dress with a peruke. [R.]
Perula
Per"u*la (?), n.; pl. Perul\'91 (#). [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr.
p\'82rule.]
1. (Bot.) One of the scales of a leaf bud.
2. (Bot.) A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.
Perule
Per"ule (?), n. Same as Perula.
Perusal
Pe*rus"al (?), n. [From Peruse.]
1. The act of carefully viewing or examining. [R.] Tatler.
2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care.
Woodward.
Peruse
Pe*ruse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perusing.] [Pref. per- + use.]
1. To observe; to examine with care. [R.]
Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed. Milton.
2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak.
Peruser
Pe*rus"er (?), n. One who peruses.
Peruvian
Pe*ru"vi*an (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82ruvien, Sp. peruviano.] Of or
pertaining to Peru, in South America. -- n. A native or an inhabitant
of Peru. Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of Peru, under Balsam. --
Peruvian bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of
Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial
diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine,
cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark,
and cinchona. See Cinchona.
Pervade
Per*vade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pervading.] [L. pervadere, pervasum; per + vadere to go, to walk. See
Per-, and Wade.]
1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to
permeate.
That labyrinth is easily pervaded. Blackstone.
2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused
throughout.
A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their
thoughts, words, and actions. Burke.
Pervasion
Per*va"sion (?), n. [L. pervasio. See Pervade.] The act of pervading,
passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing. Boyle.
Pervasive
Per*va"sive (?), a. Tending to pervade, or having power to spread
throughout; of a pervading quality. "Civilization pervasive and
general." M. Arnold.
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Perverse
Per*verse" (?), a. [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p.p.
of pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F. pervers. See
Pervert.]
1. Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right;
willfully erring; wicked; perverted.
The only righteous in a word perverse. Milton.
2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward;
vexing; contrary.
To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. Dryden.
Syn. -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable;
intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. -- Perverse, Froward. One who
is froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is perverse
has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of
contradiction to the will of others.
Perversed
Per*versed" (?), a. Turned aside. [Obs.]
Perversedly
Per*vers"ed*ly (?), adv. Perversely. [Obs.]
Perversely
Per*verse"ly, adv. In a perverse manner.
Perverseness
Per*verse"ness, n. The quality or state of being perverse. "Virtue
hath some perverseness." Donne.
Perversion
Per*ver"sion (?), n. [L. perversio: cf. F. perversion. See Pervert.]
The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from
truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change
to something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use.
"Violations and perversions of the laws." Bacon.
Perversity
Per*ver"si*ty (?), n. [L. perversitas: cf. F. perversit\'82.] The
quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.
Perversive
Per*ver"sive (?), a.Tending to pervert.
Pervert
Per*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perverting.] [F. pervertir, L. pervertere, perversum; per + vertere to
turn. See Per-, and Verse.]
1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.]
Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath. Shak.
2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right
use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to
misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words. Dryden.
He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve. Milton.
Pervert
Per*vert", v. i. To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.]
Testament of Love.
Pervert
Per"vert (?), n. One who has been perverted; one who has turned to
error, especially in religion; -- opposed to convert. See the Synonym
of Convert.
That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre. Thackeray.
Perverter
Per*vert"er (?), n. One who perverts (a person or thing). "His own
parents his perverters." South. "A perverter of his law." Bp.
Stillingfleet.
Pervertible
Per*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being perverted.
Pervestigate
Per*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. pervestigatus, p.p. of pervestigare.]
To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]
Pervestigation
Per*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. pervestigatio.] Thorough investigation.
[Obs.] Chillingworth.
Pervial
Per"vi*al (?), a. [See Pervious.] Pervious. [Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly,
adv. [Obs.] Chapman.
Pervicacious
Per`vi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. pervicax, -acis.] Obstinate; willful;
refractory. [Obs.] -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, n. [Obs.]
Pervicacity
Per`vi*cac"i*ty (?), n. Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.] Bentley.
Pervicacy
Per"vi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. pervicacia.] Pervicacity. [Obs.]
Pervigilation
Per*vig`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.] Careful
watching. [Obs.]
Pervious
Per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pervis; per + via a way. See Per-, and Voyage.]
1. Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or
substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil.
[Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way. Pope.
2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental
vision. [R.]
God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye. Jer. Taylor.
3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] Prior.
4. (Zo\'94l.) Open; -- used synonymously with perforate, as applied to
the nostrils or birds.
Perviousness
Per"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being pervious; as, the
perviousness of glass. Boyle.
Pervis
Per"vis (?), n. See Parvis.
Pery
Per"y (?), n. A pear tree. See Pirie. [Obs.]
Pes
Pes (?), n.; pl. Pedes . [L., the foot.] (Anat.) The distal segment of
the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.
Pesade
Pe*sade" (?), n. [F.] (Man.) The motion of a horse when, raising his
fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing;
rearing.
Pesage
Pes"age (?), n. [F., fr. peser to weigh.] A fee, or toll, paid for the
weighing of merchandise.
Pesane
Pes"ane (?), n. (Anc. Armor.) See Pusane.
Pesanted
Pes"ant*ed (?), a. [F. pesant heavy.] Made heavy or dull; debased.
[Obs.] "Pesanted to each lewd thought's control." Marston.
Peschito
Pe*schit"o (?), n. See Peshito.
Pese
Pese (?), n. [See Pea.] A pea. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Peseta
Pe*se"ta (?), n. [Sp.] A Spanish silver coin, and money of account,
equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.
Peshito, Peshitto
Pe*shit"o (?), Pe*shit"to (?), n. [Syriac pesh\'8ct\'83 simple.] The
earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew;
also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament. [Written
also peschito.]
Pesky
Pes"ky (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Pestering; vexatious; troublesome.
Used also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.] Judd.
Peso
Pe"so (?), n. [Sp.] A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian,
Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a
pound weight.
Pessary
Pes"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Pessaries (#). [L. pessarium, pessum, pessus,
Gr. pessaire.] (Med.) (a) An instrument or device to be introduced
into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a
malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass,
designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.
Pessimism
Pes"si*mism (?), n. [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf. F.
pessimisme. Cf. Impair.]
1. (Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is
ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil;
-- opposed to optimism.
2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.
Pessimist
Pes"si*mist (?), n. [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.]
1. (Metaph.) One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed
to optimist.
2. One who looks on the dark side of things.
Pessimist, Pessimistic
Pes"si*mist (?), Pes`si*mis"tic (?), a. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to
pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding. "Giving
utterance to pessimistic doubt." Encyc. Brit.
Pessimistical
Pes`si*mis"tic*al (?), a. Pessimistic.
Pessimize
Pes"si*mize (?), v. i. To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.
London Sat. Rev.
Pessulus
Pes"su*lus (?), n.; pl. Pessuli (#). [L., a bolt.] (Anat.) A delicate
bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the
first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.
Pest
Pest (?), n. [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]
1. A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague.
England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest. Cowper.
2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is
troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A pest
and public enemy." South.
Pestalozzian
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an (?), a. Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system
of elementary education which combined manual training with other
instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi
(1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. -- n. An advocate or follower of the
system of Pestalozzi.
Pestalozzianism
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism (?), n. The system of education introduced by
Pestalozzi.
Pester
Pes"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pestered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pestering.] [Abbrev. fr. impester, fr. OF. empaistrier, empestrer, to
entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. emp\'88trer; pref. em-,
en- (L. in in) + LL. pastorium, pastoria, a fetter by which horses are
prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging
to a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In, and Pasture,
Pastor.]
1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations.
We are pestered with mice and rats. Dr. H. More.
A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world. Dryden.
2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest.
[Obs.] Milton.
All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes. Holland.
Pesterer
Pes"ter*er (?), n. One who pesters or harasses.
Pesterment
Pes"ter*ment (?), n. The act of pestering, or the state of being
pestered; vexation; worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children."
B. Franklin.
Pesterous
Pes"ter*ous (?), a.Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering;
burdensome. [Obs.] Bacon.
Pestful
Pest"ful (?), a. Pestiferous. "After long and pestful calms."
Coleridge.
Pesthouse
Pest`house" (?), n. A house or hospital for persons who are infected
with any pestilential disease.
Pestiduct
Pes"ti*duct (?), n. [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere to
lead.] That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.] Donne.
Pestiferous
Pes*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pestiferus, pestifer; pestis pest + ferre
to bear: cf. F. pestif\'8are.]
1. Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to health; malignant;
infectious; contagious; as, pestiferous bodies. "Poor, pestiferous
creatures begging alms." Evelyn. "Unwholesome and pestiferous
occupations." Burke.
2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful;
destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue.
Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held. Shak.
Pestiferously
Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. In a pestiferuos manner.
Pestilence
Pes"ti*lence (?), n. [F. pestilence, L. pestilentia. See Pestilent.]
1. Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any
contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and
devastating.
The pestilence That walketh in darkness. Ps. xci. 6.
2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral
character of great numbers.
I'll pour this pestilence into his ear. Shak.
Pestilence weed (Bot.), the butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris),
so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague. Dr.
Prior.
Pestilent
Pes"ti*lent (?), a. [L. pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis pest: cf. F.
pestilent.] Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt
and pestilent." Milton. "What a pestilent knave is this same!" Shak.
Pestilential
Pes`ti*len"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. pestilentiel.]
1. Having the nature or qualities of a pestilence. "Sends the
pestilential vapors." Longfellow.
2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive.
So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin. Jer. Taylor.
Pestilentially
Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv. Pestilently.
Pestilentious
Pes`ti*len"tious (?), a. Pestilential. [Obs.]
Pestilently
Pes"ti*lent*ly (?), adv. In a pestilent manner; mischievously;
destructively. "Above all measure pestilently noisome." Dr. H. More.
Pestilentness
Pes"ti*lent*ness, n. The quality of being pestilent.
Pestilation
Pes`ti*la"tion (?), n. [LL. pestillum, L. pistillum. See Pestle.] The
act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar. Sir T. Browne.
Pestle
Pes"tle (?), n. [OE. pestel, OF. pestel, LL. pestellum, L. pistillum,
pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere, pinsere, to pound, crush,
akin to Gr. pish. Cf. Pistil.]
1. An implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a
mortar.
2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; -- so called from its shape.
[Obs.] Chapman.
3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a
pestle of pork.
Pestle
Pes"tle (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pestling (?).] To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as
with a pestle; to use a pestle.
Pet
Pet (?), n. [Formerly peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael.
peata.]
1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.
2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling;
a darling; often, a favorite child.
The love of cronies, pets, and favorites. Tatler.
3. [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a
spoiled child.] A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. "In a pet
she started up." Tennyson.
Pet
Pet, a. Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet
lamb; a pet theory.
Some young lady's pet curate. F. Harrison.
Pet cock. [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a water
pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to
drain it.<-- also petcock -->
Pet
Pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n. Petting.] To treat as
a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted and spoiled.
Pet
Pet, v. i. To be a pet. Feltham.
Petal
Pet"al (?), n. [Gr. p\'82tale. See Fathom.]
1. (Bot.) One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a
flower. See Corolla, and Illust. of Flower.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on
the black of certain Echini.
Petaled
Pet"aled (?), a. (Bot.) Having petals; as, a petaled flower; --
opposed to apetalous, and much used in compounds; as, one-petaled,
three-petaled, etc.
Petaliferous
Pet`al*if"er*ous (?), a. [Petal + -ferous.] Bearing petals.
Petaliform
Pe*tal"i*form (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a petal; petaloid;
petal-shaped.
Petaline
Pet"al*ine (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82talin.] (Bot.) Pertaining to a petal;
attached to, or resembling, a petal.
Petalism
Pet"al*ism (?), n. [Gr. p\'82talisme.] (Gr. Antiq.) A form of sentence
among the ancient Syracusans by which they banished for five years a
citizen suspected of having dangerous influence or ambition. It was
similar to the ostracism in Athens; but olive leaves were used instead
of shells for ballots.
Petalite
Pet"al*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82talite.] (Min.) A rare mineral,
occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually white, or
nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia.
Petalody
Pe*tal"o*dy (?), n. [Petal + Gr. (Bot.) The metamorphosis of various
floral organs, usually stamens, into petals.
Petaloid
Pet"al*oid (?), a. [Petal + -oid: cf. F. p\'82talo\'8bde.] (Bot.)
Petaline.
Petaloideous
Pet`al*oid"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the whole or part of the
perianth petaline. Petaloideous division, that division of endogenous
plants in which the perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing
the Liliace\'91, Orchidace\'91, Amaryllide\'91, etc.
Petalosticha
Pet`a*los"ti*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See
Spatangoid.
Petalous
Pet"al*ous (?), a. Having petals; petaled; -- opposed to apetalous.
Petalum
Pet"a*lum (?), n.; pl. Petala (#). [NL.] A petal.
Petar
Pe*tar" (?), n. See Petard. [Obs.] "Hoist with his own petar." Shak.
Petard
Pe*tard" (?), n. [F. p\'82tard, fr. p\'82ter to break wind, to crack,
to explode, L. pedere, peditum.] (Mil.) A case containing powder to be
exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with
powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down
gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.
Petardeer, Petardier
Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier" (?), n. [F. p\'82tardier.] (Mil.) One who
managed a petard.
Petasus
Pet"a*sus (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) The winged cap of
Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks and
Romans.
Petaurist
Pe*tau"rist (?), n. [L. petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. p\'82tauriste.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus, Phalangista,
Acrobata, and allied genera. See Flying mouse, under Flying, and
Phalangister.
Petechi\'91
Pe*tech"i*\'91 (?), n. pl.; sing. Petechia (. [NL., fr. LL. peteccia;
cf. F. p\'82t\'82chie, It. petecchia, Sp. petequia, Gr. (Med.) Small
crimson, purple, or livid spots, like flea-bites, due to extravasation
of blood, which appear on the skin in malignant fevers, etc.
Petechial
Pe*tech"i*al (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82t\'82chial, LL. petecchialis.]
(Med.) Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechi\'91; spotted.
Petechial fever, a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on
the skin.
Peter
Pe"ter (?), n. A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of
the apostles, Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends,
originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English
rivers. -- Peter Funk, the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.]
-- Peter pence, OR Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute,
formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for
every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also Rome
scot, and hearth money. (b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution
made by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope. -- Peter's
fish (Zo\'94l.), a haddock; -- so called because the black spots, one
on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been
caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the
tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having similar
spots.
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Page 1073
Peter
Pet"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Petered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Petering.] [Etymol. uncertain.] To become exhausted; to run out; to
fail; -- used generally with out; as, that mine has petered out.
[Slang, U.S.]
Peterel
Pet"er*el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Petrel.
Peterero
Pet`e*re"ro (?), n. (Mil.) See Pederero.
Peterman
Pe"ter*man (?), n.; pl. Petermen (. A fisherman; -- so called after
the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term in Eng.] Chapman.
Petersham
Pe"ter*sham (?), n. [Named after Lord Petersham.] A rough, knotted
woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that
material.
Peterwort
Pe"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Saint Peter's-wort, under Saint.
Petiolar, Petiolary
Pet"i*o*lar (?), Pet"i*o*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82tiolarie.] (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a petiolar
tendril; growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a
petiolar bud.
Petiolate, Petiolated
Pet"i*o*late (?), Pet"i*o*la`ted (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having a
stalk or petiole; as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated abdomen of
certain Hymenoptera.
Petiole
Pet"i*ole (?), n. [F. p\'82tiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot, a
fruit stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a foot.]
1. (Bot.) A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade
with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A stalk or peduncle.
Petioled
Pet"i*oled (?), a. Petiolate.
Petiolulate
Pet`i*ol"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Supported by its own petiolule. Gray.
Petiolule
Pet"i*o*lule (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82tiolule.] (Bot.) A small petiole, or
the petiole of a leaflet.
Petit
Pet"it (?), a. [F. See Petty.] Small; little; insignificant; mean; --
Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal language.]
By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold of and recover
a vanishing notion. South.
Petit constable, an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high
constable. -- Petit jury, a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try
causes at the bar of a court; -- so called in distinction from the
grand jury. -- Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of, or under, a
certain specified small value; -- opposed to grand larceny. The
distinction is abolished in England. -- Petit ma\'8ctre (. [F., lit.,
little master.] A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man. Goldsmith. -- Petit
serjeanty (Eng. Law), the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service
of rendering annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a
sword, a flag, etc. -- Petit treason, formerly, in England, the crime
of killing a person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as
one's husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not
distinguished from murder.
Petition
Pe*ti"tion (?), n. [F. p\'82tition, L. petitio, fr. petere, petitum,
to beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. feather, or find.]
1. A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially,
a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being,
or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single
clause in such a prayer.
A house of prayer and petition for thy people. 1 Macc. vii. 37.
This last petition heard of all her prayer. Dryden.
2. A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an
organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a
supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the
granting of a particular grace or right; -- in distinction from a
memorial, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written
document.
Petition of right (Law), a petition to obtain possession or
restitution of property, either real or personal, from the Crown,
which suggests such a title as controverts the title of the Crown,
grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W. -- The
Petition of Right (Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration of the
rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.
Petition
Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Petitioning.] To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit;
to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or
application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition
the court; to petition the governor.
You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. Shak.
Petition
Pe*ti"tion, v. i. To make a petition or solicitation.
Petitionarily
Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of begging the question; by an
assumption. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Petitionary
Pe*ti"tion*a*ry (?), a.
1. Supplicatory; making a petition.
Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen. Shak.
2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; as, a
petitionary epistle. Swift.
Petitionee
Pe*ti`tion*ee" (?), n. A person cited to answer, or defend against, a
petition.
Petitioner
Pe*ti"tion*er (?), n. One who presents a petition.
Petitioning
Pe*ti"tion*ing, n. The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.
Petitor
Pet"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. petere to seek.] One who seeks or asks; a
seeker; an applicant. [R.] Fuller.
Petitory
Pet"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. petitorius, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask:
cf. F. p\'82titore.] Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating. Sir W.
Hamilton. Petitory suit OR action (Admiralty Law), a suit in which the
mere title to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as
distinguished from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a suit wherein
the plaintiff claims something as due him by the defendant. Burrill.
Petong
Pe*tong" (?), n. (Metal.) See Packfong.
Petralogy
Pe*tral"o*gy (?), n. See Petrology.
Petrary
Pet"ra*ry (?), n. [L. petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E. Pederero.]
An ancient war engine for hurling stones.
Petrean
Pe*tre"an (?), a. [L. petraeus, Gr. Of or pertaining to to rock. G. S.
Faber.
Petre
Pe"tre (?), n. See Saltpeter.
Petrel
Pe"trel (?), n. [F. p\'82trel; a dim. of the name Peter, L. Petrus,
Gr. John i.42); -- probably so called in allusion to St.Peter's
walking on the sea. See Petrify.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family
Procellarid\'91. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong
to Oceanites, Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several allied genera.
Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides. They chiefly
inhabit the southern hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See
Fulmar. -- Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. -- Pintado
petrel, any one of several small petrels, especially Procellaria
pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the
Atlantic.
Petrescence
Pe*tres"cence (?), n. The process of changing into stone;
petrification.
Petrescent
Pe*tres"cent (?), a. [L. petra rock, stone, Gr. Petrifying; converting
into stone; as, petrescent water. Boyle.
Petrifaction
Pet`ri*fac"tion (?), n. [See Petrify.]
1. The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of
any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of
stony hardness.
2. The state or condition of being petrified.
3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony
matter; an incrustation.
4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. "Petrifaction of the soul."
Cudworth.
Petrifactive
Pet`ri*fac"tive (?), a.
1. Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone;
petrifying.
2. Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction.
The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard bodies. Sir T. Browne.
Petrific
Pe*trif"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82trifique.] Petrifying; petrifactive.
Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry. Milton.
Petrificate
Pet"ri*fi*cate (?), v. t. To petrify. [Obs.]
Our hearts petrificated were. J. Hall (1646).
Petrification
Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82trification. See Petrify.]
1. See Petrifaction.
2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness. Hallywell.
Petrify
Pet"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Petrifying (?).] [L. petra rock, Gr. -fy: cf. F. p\'82trifier. Cf.
Parrot, Petrel, Pier.]
1. To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony
substance.
A river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves. Kirwan.
2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform;
as by petrifaction; as, to petrify the heart. Young. "Petrifying
accuracy." Sir W. Scott.
And petrify a genius to a dunce. Pope.
The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was
doing. De Quincey.
A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your
volition. G. Eliot.
Petrify
Pet"ri*fy, v. i.
1. To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by
calcareous deposits.
2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.
Like Niobe we marble grow, And petrify with grief. Dryden.
Petrine
Pe"trine (?), a. Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine
Epistles.
Petro-
Pet"ro- (?). A combining form from Gr. rock, stone; as, petrology,
petroglyphic.
Petrogale
Pe*trog"a*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any Australian kangaroo
of the genus Petrogale, as the rock wallaby (P. penicillata).
Petroglyphic
Pet`ro*glyph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.
Petroglyphy
Pe*trog"ly*phy (?), n. [Petro + Gr. The art or operation of carving
figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.
Petrographic, Petrographical
Pet`ro*graph"ic (?), Pet`ro*graph"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to
petrography.
Petrography
Pe*trog"ra*phy (?), n. [Petro + -graphy.]
1. The art of writing on stone.
2. The scientific description of rocks; that department of science
which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.
Petrohyoid
Pet`ro*hy"oid (?), a. [Petro + hyoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to petrous,
oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the
petrohyoid muscles of the frog.
Petrol
Pe*trol" (?), n. Petroleum. [R.]
Petrolatum
Pet`ro*la"tum (?), n. (Chem. & Pharm.) A semisolid unctuous substance,
neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by
distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a
yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat
fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a
substitute for fatty materials in ointments. U. S. Pharm.
NOTE: &hand; Pe trolatum is th e of ficial na me fo r the purified
product. Cosmoline and vaseline are commercial names for substances
essentially the same, but differing slightly in appearance and
consistency or fusibility.
Petroleum
Pe*tro"le*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F.
p\'82trole. Cf. Petrify, and Oil.] Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural
oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain
points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is
pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of
a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane
series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties.
It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene,
benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc. Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid
obtained in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of
170\'f8 Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a
considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin. The
terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are sometimes applied to the still
more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.
P\'82troleur, n. m. P\'82troleuse
P\'82`tro`leur" (?), n. m. P\'82`tro`leuse" (?), n. f.[F.] One who
makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.
Petroline
Pet"ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) A paraffin obtained from petroleum from
Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.
Petrologic, Petrological
Pet`ro*log"ic (?), Pet`ro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
petrology.
Petrologically
Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv. According to petrology.
Petrologist
Pe*trol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in petrology.
Petrology
Pe*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Petro + -logy.]
1. The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical
and chemical composition of rocks, and with their classification:
lithology.
2. A treatise on petrology.
Petromastoid
Pet`ro*mas"toid (?), a. [Petro + mastoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.
Petromyzont
Pet`ro*my"zont (?), n. [Petro + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A lamprey.
Petronel
Pet`ro*nel (?), n. [OF. petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine, the breast,
F. poitrine; so called because it was placed against the breast in
order to fire. See Poitrel.] A sort of hand cannon, or portable
firearm, used in France in the 15th century.
Petrosal
Pe*tro"sal (?), a. [See Petrous.] (Anat.) (a) Hard; stony; petrous;
as, the petrosal bone; petrosal part of the temporal bone. (b) Of,
pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or
the corresponding part of the temporal bone. Petrosal bone (Anat.), a
bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man;
or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.
Petrosal
Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.) (a) A petrosal bone. (b) The auditory capsule.
Owen.
Petrosilex
Pet`ro*si"lex (?), n. [Petro + silex.] (Min.) Felsite.
Petrosilicious
Pet`ro*si*li"cious (?), a. Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.
Petrostearine
Pet`ro*ste"a*rine (?), n. [Petro + stearine.] A solid unctuous
material, of which candles are made.
Petrous
Pe"trous (?), a. [L. petrosus, fr. petra a stone.]
1. Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the petrous part of the
temporal bone. Hooper.
2. (Anat.) Same as Petrosal.
Pettichaps
Pet"ti*chaps (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pettychaps.
Petticoat
Pet"ti*coat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [Petty + coat.] A loose under-garment
worn by women, and covering the body below the waist. Petticoat
government, government by women, whether in politics or domestic
affairs. [Colloq.] -- Petticoat pipe (Locomotives), a short, flaring
pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the
draft.
Pettifog
Pet"ti*fog (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pettifogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pettifogging (?).] [Petty + fog to pettifog.] To do a petty business
as a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way. "He
takes no money, but pettifogs gratis." S. Butler.
Pettifog
Pet"ti*fog, v. t. To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily;
as, to pettifog a claim. [Colloq.]
Pettifogger
Pet"ti*fog`ger (?), n. A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney
whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer.
A pettifogger was lord chancellor. Macaulay.
Pettifoggery
Pet"ti*fog`ger*y (?), n.; pl. -ies (. The practice or arts of a
pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.
Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries. Barrow.
Pettifogging
Pet"ti*fog`ging (?), a. Paltry; quibbling; mean.
Pettifogging
Pet"ti*fog`ging, n. Pettifoggery.
Pettifogulize
Pet`ti*fog"u*lize (?), v. i. To act as a pettifogger; to use
contemptible tricks. De Quincey.
Pettily
Pet"ti*ly, adv. In a petty manner; frivolously.
Pettiness
Pet"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being petty or paltry;
littleness; meanness.
Pettish
Pet"tish (?), a. [From Pet.] Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious;
inclined to ill temper. "A pettish kind of humor." Sterne. --
Pet"tish*ly, adv. -- Pet"tish*ness, n.
Pettitoes
Pet"ti*toes (?), n. pl. [Petty + toes.] The toes or feet of a pig, --
often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet. Shak.
Petto
Pet"to (?), n. [It., fr. L. pectus.] The breast. In petto, in the
breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.
Petty
Pet"ty (?), a. [Compar. Pettier (?); superl. Pettiest.] [OE. petit, F.
petit; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.]
Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a
petty fault; a petty prince. Denham.
Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all. Milton.
Petty averages. See under Average. -- Petty cash, money expended or
received in small items or amounts. -- Petty officer, a subofficer in
the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned
officer in the army.
NOTE: &hand; Fo r petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty
treason, See Petit.
Syn. -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling;
trivial; unimportant; frivolous.
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Page 1074
Pettychaps
Pet"ty*chaps (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small
European singing birds of the subfamily Sylviin\'91, as the willow
warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler (Sylvia hortensis).
Pettywhin
Pet"ty*whin (?), n. [Petty + whin.] (Bot.) The needle furze. See under
Needle.
Petulance, Petulancy
Pet"u*lance (?), Pet"u*lan*cy (?), n. [L. petulania: cf. F.
p\'82tulance. See Petulant.] The quality or state of being petulant;
temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill humor. "The
petulancy of our words." B. Jonson.
Like pride in some, and like petulance in others. Clarendon.
The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown. Cowper.
Syn. -- Petulance, Peevishness. -- Peevishness implies the permanence
of a sour, fretful temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious
irritation.
Petulant
Pet"u*lant (?), a. [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight attacks
upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf. F.
p\'82tulant. See Petition.]
1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.] Burton.
2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill-natured freakishness;
irritable. "Petulant moods." Macaulay. Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored;
peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.
Petulantly
Pet"u*lant*ly, adv. In a petulant manner.
Petulcity
Pe*tul"ci*ty (?), n. [See Petulcous.] Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Petulcous
Pe*tul"cous (?), a. [L. petulcus. Cf. Petulant.] Wanton; frisky;
lustful. [Obs.] J. V. Cane.
Petunia
Pe*tu"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.) A genus of
solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two
species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish
purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are
also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.
Petunse, Petuntse, Petuntze
Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse", Pe*tuntze" (?), n. [From Chinese.] Powdered
fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.
Petworth marble
Pet"worth mar"ble (?). A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden
clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; -- called also Sussex marble.
Petzite
Petz"ite (?), n. [From Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A telluride of
silver and gold, related to hessite.
Peucedanin
Peu*ced"a*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance,
extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort (Peucedanum), masterwort
(Imperatoria), and other related plants; -- called also imperatorin.
Peucil
Peu"cil (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by
treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime. [Written also peucyl.]
Pew
Pew (?), n. [OE. pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L.
podium an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in
the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr.
Foot, and cf. Podium, Poy.]
1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low
partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; --
sometimes called slip. Pews were originally made square, but are now
usually long and narrow.
2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used
by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.]
Pepys. Milton.
Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens.
Pew
Pew, v. t. To furnish with pews. [R.] Ash.
Pewee
Pe"wee (?), n. [So called from its note.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A common American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis ph\'d2be,
or S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and ph\'d2be.
2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.]
Wood pewee (Zo\'94l.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee
(See Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.
Pewet
Pe"wet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pewit.
Pewfellow
Pew"fel`low (?), n.
1. One who occupies the same pew with another.
2. An intimate associate; a companion. Shak.
Pewit
Pe"wit (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D. kievit,
G. kibitz.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lapwing. (b) The European black-headed,
or laughing, gull (Xema ridibundus). See under Laughing. (c) The
pewee. [Written also peevit, peewit, pewet.]
Pewter
Pew"ter (?), n. [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D.
peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum.
Cf. Spelter.]
1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of
tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of
copper, antimony, or bismuth.
2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking
vessels, tankards, pots.
NOTE: &hand; Pe wter wa s formerly much used for domestic utensils.
Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.
Pewterer
Pew"ter*er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter;
a pewtersmith. Shak.
Pewtery
Pew"ter*y (?), a. Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery
taste.
Pexity
Pex"i*ty (?), n. [L. pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of pectere
to comb.] Nap of cloth. [Obs.]
Peyer's glands
Pey"er's glands` (?). [So called from J.K.Peyer, who described them in
1677.] (Anat.) Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small
intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also Peyer's patches. In
typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the
characteristic organic lesion of that disease.
Peytrel
Pey"trel (?), n. [OF. peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc. Armor) The
breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also peitrel.] See
Poitrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Peziza
Pe*zi"za (?), n. [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, fr.
Gr. (Bot.) A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some
of which are remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep
colors.
Pezizoid
Pez"i*zoid (?), a. [Peziza + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the
genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.
Pfennig
Pfen"nig (?), n.; pl. Pfennigs (#), G. Pfennige (#). [G. See Penny.] A
small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or
about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.
Phacellus
Pha*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Phacelli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of
the filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain
jellyfishes.
Phacochere
Phac"o*chere (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The wart hog.
Phacoid
Pha"coid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling a lentil; lenticular.
Phacolite
Phac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A colorless variety of
chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.
Phacops
Pha"cops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of trilobites found
in the Silurian and Devonian formations. Phacops bufo is one of the
most common species.
Ph\'91acian
Ph\'91*a"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Ph\'91acians, a fabulous
seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned
by Homer.
Ph\'91nogam
Ph\'91"no*gam (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the class Ph\'91nogamia.
Ph\'91nogamia
Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. (Bot.) The class of flowering
plants including all which have true flowers with distinct floral
organs; phanerogamia.
Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic
Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*an (?), Ph\'91`no*gam"ic (?), a. Same as
Ph\'91nogamous.
Ph\'91nogamous
Ph\'91*nog"a*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Having true flowers with with
distinct floral organs; flowering.
Ph\'91nomenon
Ph\'91*nom"e*non (?), n. [L.] See Phenomenon.
Ph\'91ospore
Ph\'91"o*spore (?), n. [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) A brownish zo\'94spore,
characteristic of an order (Ph\'91ospore\'91) of dark green or
olive-colored alg\'91. -- Ph\'91`o*spor"ic (#), a.
Pha\'89thon
Pha"\'89*thon (?), n. [L., Pha\'89thon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. Phantom.]
1. (Class. Myth.) The son of Helios (Ph\'d2bus), that is, the son of
light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to
drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would
have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt
by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.
Pha\'89ton
Pha"\'89*ton (?), n. [F. pha\'82ton a kind of carriage, fr.
Pha\'82thon Pha\'89thon, the son of Helios. See Pha\'89thon.]
1. A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no
side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.
2. See Pha\'89thon.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, OR
Melit\'91a, Pha\'89ton). The upper side of the wings is black, with
orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of
cream-colored spots; -- called also Baltimore.
Phagedena
Phag`e*de"na (?), n. [L. phagedaena, Gr. (Med.) (a) A canine appetite;
bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading, obstinate ulceration.
Phagedenic, PhagedenicAL
Phag`e*den"ic (?), Phag`e*den"ic*AL (?), a. [L. phagedaenicus, Gr.
phag\'82d\'82nique.] (Med.) Of, like, or pertaining to, phagedena;
used in the treatment of phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer or
medicine. -- n. A phagedenic medicine.
Phagedenous
Phag`e*de"nous (?), a. (Med.) Phagedenic.
Phagocyte
Phag"o*cyte (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A leucocyte which plays a part in
retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine
granules, the parts to be removed.
Phainopepla
Pha*i`no*pep"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A small crested
passerine bird (Pha\'8bnopepla nitens), native of Mexico and the
Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy
blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black flycatcher.
Phakoscope
Phak"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument for
studying the mechanism of accommodation.
Phal\'91na
Pha*l\'91"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A linn\'91an genus which
included the moths in general.
Phal\'91nid
Pha*l\'91"nid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the family
Phal\'91nid\'91, of which the cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.
Phalangeal, Phalangal
Pha*lan"ge*al (?), Pha*lan"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the
phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.
Phalanger
Pha*lan"ger (?), n. [Cf. F. phalanger. See Phalanx.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and other genera
of the family Phalangistid\'91. They are arboreal, and the species of
Petaurus are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying phalanger,
under Flying.
Phalanges
Pha*lan"ges (?), n., pl. of Phalanx.
Phalangial, Phalangian
Pha*lan"gi*al (?), Pha*lan"gi*an (?), a. (Anat.) Phalangeal.
Phalangid
Pha*lan"gid (?), n.; pl. Phalangides (. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Phalangoidea.
Phalangious
Pha*lan"gi*ous (?), a. [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr.
Phalanx.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.
Phalangist
Pha*lan"gist (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal marsupial of the genus
Phalangista. The vulpine phalangist (P. vulpina) is the largest
species, the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It
has a large bushy tail. <-- Spanish history -- member of the Phalange
-->
Phalangister, Phalangistine
Phal`an*gis"ter (?), Phal`an*gis"tine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Phalangist.
Phalangite
Phal"an*gite (?), n. [Gr. phalangite.] A soldier belonging to a
phalanx. [Obs.]
Phalangoidea
Phal`an*goi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs
(see Phalangious) + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnoidea,
including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many
similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a
rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by
trache\'91. Called also Phalangides, Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and
Opilionea.
Phalanst\'82re
Pha`lan`st\'82re" (?), n. [F.] A phalanstery.
Phalansterian
Phal`an*ste"ri*an (?), a. [F. phalanst\'82rien, a. & n.] Of or
pertaining to phalansterianism.
Phalansterian
Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n. One who favors the system of phalansteries
proposed by Fourier.
Phalansterism, Phalansterianism
Pha*lan"ster*ism (?), Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism (?), n. A system of
phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.
Phalanstery
Phal"an*ster*y (?), n.; pl. -ies (#). [F. phalanst\'8are, fr. Gr.
1. An association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See
Fourierism.
2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.
Phalanx
Pha"lanx (?), n.; pl. Phalanxes (#), L. Phalanges (#). [L., from Gr.
1. (Gr. Antiq.) A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and
files close and deep. There were several different arrangements, the
phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of
men. "In cubic phalanx firm advanced." Milton.
The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. Pope.
2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination
of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union.
At present they formed a united phalanx. Macaulay.
The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed, All huddling into
phalanx, stood and gazed. Cowper.
3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.
4. (Anat.) One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the
metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.
5. [pl. Phalanges.] (Bot.) A group or bundle of stamens, as in
polyadelphous flowers.
Phalarope
Phal"a*rope (?), n. [Gr. phalarope.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Phalaropus and allied genera of small wading birds (Grall\'91), having
lobate toes. They are often seen far from land, swimming in large
flocks. Called also sea goose.
Phallic
Phal"lic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.
Phallicism
Phal"li*cism (?), n. See Phallism.
Phallism
Phal"lism (?), n. The worship of the generative principle in nature,
symbolized by the phallus.
Phallus
Phal"lus (?), n.; pl. Phalli (. [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr.
1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession
in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.
2. (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ
from which either may be derived.
3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the
stinkhorn.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1075
Phane
Phane (?), n. See Fane. [Obs.] Joye.
Phanerite
Phan"er*ite (?), a. [Gr. Evident; visible. Phanerite series (Geol.),
the uppermost part of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits
produced by causes in obvious operation.
Phanerocarp\'91
Phan`er*o*car"p\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Acraspeda.
Phanerocodonic
Phan`er*o*co*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having an umbrella-shaped
or bell-shaped body, with a wide, open cavity beneath; -- said of
certain jellyfishes.
Phanerocrystalline
Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Gr. crystalline.] (Geol.) Distinctly
crystalline; -- used of rocks. Opposed to cryptocrystalline.
Phanerodactyla
Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Saurur\'91.
Phanerogamia
Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) That one of the two
primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the
phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.
Phanerogamian
Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Phanerogamous.
Phanerogamic, Phanerogamous
Phan`er*o*gam"ic (?), Phan`er*og"a*mous (?), a. Having visible flowers
containing distinct stamens and pistils; -- said of plants.
Phaneroglossal
Phan`er*o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.)Having a conspicious tongue;
-- said of certain reptiles and insects.
Phantascope
Phan"ta*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An optical instrument or toy,
resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same principle;
-- called also phantasmascope.
Phantasm
Phan"tasm (?), n. [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.] [Spelt
also fantasm.]
1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a
shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom;
a dream.
They be but phantasms or apparitions. Sir W. Raleigh.
2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a
notion. Cudworth.
Figures or little features, of which the description had produced
in you no phantasm or expectation. Jer. Taylor.
Phantasma
Phan"tas"ma (?), n. [L.] A phantasm.
Phantasmagoria
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. phantasmagorie.]
1. An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are
painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque
black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and
the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into
one another.
2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.
3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. "This mental
phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott.
Phantasmagorial
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al (?), a. Of, relating to, or resembling
phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.
Phantasmagoric
Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria;
phantasmagorial. Hawthorne.
Phantasmagory
Phan*tas"ma*go*ry (?), n. See Phantasmagoria.
Phantasmal
Phan*tas"mal (?), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a
phantasm; spectral; illusive.
Phantasmascope
Phan*tas"ma*scope (?), n. See Phantascope.
Phantasmatical
Phan`tas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. phantasmaticus.] Phantasmal. Dr. H.
More.
Phantasmatography
Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of
celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.
Phantastic, Phantastical
Phan*tas"tic (?), Phan*tas"tic*al (?), a. See Fantastic.
Phantasy
Phan"ta*sy (?), n. See Fantasy, and Fancy.
Phantom
Phan"tom (?), n. [OE. fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF. fant\'93me, fr.
L. phantasma, Gr. Fancy, and cf. Pha\'89ton, Phantasm, Phase.] That
which has only an apparent existence; an apparition; a specter; a
phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image.
Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise. Pope.
She was a phantom of delight. Wordsworth.
Phantom ship. See Flying Dutchman, under Flying. -- Phantom tumor
(Med.), a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm,
accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual tumor in
appearance, but disappearing upon the administration of an
an\'91sthetic.
Phantomatic
Phan`tom*at"ic, a. Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge.
Pharaoh
Pha"raoh (?), n. [Heb. par\'d3h; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao,
Gr. Faro.]
1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.
2. See Faro.
Pharaoh's chicken (Zo\'94l.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; --
so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly
white in color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zo\'94l.), the common ichneumon.
Pharaon
Pha"ra*on (?), n. See Pharaoh, 2.
Pharaonic
Phar`a*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pharaonique.] Of or pertaining to the
Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.
Phare
Phare (?), n. [See Pharos.]
1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.]
2. Hence, a harbor. Howell.
Pharisaic, Pharisaical
Phar`i*sa"ic (?), Phar`i*sa"ic*al (?), a. [L. Pharisaicus, Gr.
pharisa\'8bque. See Pharisee.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The
Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth.
2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of
religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical;
self-righteous. "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness. " Bacon.
"Pharisaical ostentation." Macaulay. -- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.
Pharisaism
Phar`i*sa"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pharisaisme.]
1. The notions, doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect.
Sharp.
2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine
piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in
matters of morals or manners. "A piece of pharisaism." Hammond.
Pharisean
Phar`i*se"an (?), a. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. Following the practice of
Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.] "Pharisean disciples." Milton.
Pharisee
Phar"i*see (?), n. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. p\'berash to separate.] One of
a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal
observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the
elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to
separate themselves from the other Jews.
Phariseeism
Phar"i*see*ism (?), n. See Pharisaism.
Pharmacuetic, Pharmacuetical
Phar`ma*cue"tic (?), Phar`ma*cue"tic*al (?), a. [L. pharmaceuticus,
Gr. pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.] Of or pertaining to the knowledge
or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to
the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations. --
Phar`ma*cue"tic*al*ly, adv. Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department
of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of
medicinal substances.
Pharmacuetics
Phar`ma*cue"tics (?), n. The science of preparing medicines.
Pharmacuetist
Phar`ma*cue"tist (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the
Note under Apothecary.
Pharmacist
Phar"ma*cist (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a
druggist.
Pharmacodynamics
Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Gr. dynamics.] That branch of
pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the effects, of
medicines. Dunglison.
Pharmacognosis
Phar`ma*cog*no"sis (?), n. [Gr. That branch of pharmacology which
treats of unprepared medicines or simples; -- called also
pharmacography, and pharmacomathy.
Pharmacognosy
Phar`ma*cog"no*sy (?), n. Pharmacognosis.<-- now also used to
designate the study of the distribution of and methods for finding
medically useful agents in natural sources, primarily plants. -->
Pharmacography
Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] See Pharmacognosis.
Pharmacolite
Phar*mac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pharmacolithe.] (Min.) A
hydrous arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white
or grayish color.
Pharmacologist
Phar`ma*col"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.] One skilled in
pharmacology.
Pharmacology
Phar`ma*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pharmacologie.]
1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.
2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.
Pharmacomathy
Phar`ma*com"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. See Pharmacognosis.
Pharmacon
Phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A medicine or drug; also, a poison.
Dunglison.
Pharmacop\'d2ia
Phar`ma*co*p\'d2"ia (?), n. [NL., from Gr.
1. A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used
in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and
considered as an authoritative standard.
2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison.
Pharmacopolist
Phar`ma*cop"o*list (?), n. [L. pharmacopola, Gr. One who sells
medicines; an apothecary.
Pharmacosiderite
Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. siderite.] (Min.) A hydrous
arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green cubic crystals;
cube ore.
Pharmacy
Phar"ma*cy (?), n. [OE. fermacie, OF. farmacie, pharmacie, F.
pharmacie, Gr.
1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of
compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of
physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical
chemist.
2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an
apothecary's shop.
Pharo
Pha"ro (?), n.
1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]
2. See Faro.
Pharology
Pha*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art or science which treats of
lighthouses and signal lights.
Pharos
Pha"ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance
of seamen.
He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse. Arbuthnot.
Pharyngal
Pha*ryn"gal (?), a. Pharyngeal. H. Sweet.
Pharyngeal
Phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [See Pharynx.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.
Pharyngeal
Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.) A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially,
one of the lower pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth
branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or
pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete
branchial arches.
Pharyngitis
Phar`yn*gi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Pharynx, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the pharynx.
Pharyngobranchial
Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pharynx + branchial.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pharynx and the branchi\'91; -- applied especially
to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See
Pharyngeal. -- n. A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or
cartilage.
Pharyngobranchii
Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Leptocardia.
Pharyngognathi
Phar`yn*gog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones
are united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.
Pharyngolaryngeal
Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Pharynx + laryngeal.] Of or
pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.
Pharyngopneusta
Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of
invertebrates including the Tunicata and Enteropneusta. --
Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal (#), a.
Pharyngotome
Pha*ryn"go*tome (?), n. (Surg.) An instrument for incising or
scarifying the tonsils, etc.
Pharyngotomy
Phar`yn*got"o*my (?), n. [Pharynx + Gr. : cf. F. pharyngotomie.]
(Surg.) (a) The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to
remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage. (b)
Scarification or incision of the tonsils.
Pharynx
Phar"ynx (?), n.; pl. pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr. pharynx.] (Anat.)
The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and
the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in
the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and
some amphibias.
Phascolome
Phas"co*lome (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A marsupial of the genus
Phascolomys; a wombat.
Phase
Phase (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL. phasis, Gr. phase. See Phenomenon,
Phantom, and Emphasis.]
1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything
manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances
of the same object.
2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or
view; as, the problem has many phases.
3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring
cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of
enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust.
under Moon.
4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of
changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles
constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such
changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on
one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the
opposite side.
Phasel
Pha"sel (?), n. [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. phas\'82ole, fas\'82ole.
Cf. Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney bean.
Phaseless
Phase"less (?), a. Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless
and increasing gloom." Poe.
Phaseolus
Pha*se"o*lus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants,
including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See
Bean.
Phaseomannite
Pha`se*o*man"nite (?), n. [So called because found in the unripe fruit
of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.) Same as Inosite.
Phasis
Pha"sis (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL.] See Phase. Creech.
Phasm, Phasma
Phasm (?), Phas"ma (?), n. [L. phasma, Gr. Phase.] An apparition; a
phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.
Phasmid
Phas"mid (?), n. [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or
appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zo\'94l.) Any orthopterous insect
of the family Phasmid\'91, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.
Phassachate
Phas"sa*chate (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) The lead-colored agate; -- so called
in reference to its color.
Phatagin
Phat"a*gin (?), n. [Cf. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed pangolin (Manis
tetradactyla); -- called also ipi.
Pheasant
Pheas"ant (?), n. [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F.
faisan, L. phasianus, Gr.
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds
of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family
Phasianid\'91, found chiefly in Asia. <-- # note collocations in notes
have italic font in WEB1913 -->
NOTE: &hand; The
common, OR English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over
most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The
ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P.
versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant
(Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver
pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related
species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.]
NOTE: &hand; Va rious ot her birds are locally called pheasants, as
the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc.
Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. -- Gold, OR Golden, pheasant
(Zo\'94l.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied
colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the
under parts are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the ruffed
grouse. [Local, U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal (Zo\'94l.), a large
Australian cuckoo (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black,
with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The
name is also applied to other allied species. -- Pheasant duck.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. -- Pheasant
parrot (Zo\'94l.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet
(Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers
margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the
wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck,
breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a)
A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; --
called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus
plumarius); -- called also Pheasant's-eye pink. -- Pheasant shell
(Zo\'94l.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of
which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth
and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like
those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood
(a), under Partridge. -- Sea pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the pintail. --
Water pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded
merganser.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1076
Pheasantry
Pheas"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. faisanderie.] A place for keeping and
rearing pheasants. Gwilt.
Phebe
Phe"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ph\'d2be.
Pheer
Pheer, n. See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pheese
Pheese (?), v. t. To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local]
See Feaze, v.
Pheese
Pheese, n. Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.
Phelloderm
Phel"lo*derm (?), n. [Gr. -derm.] (Bot.) A layer of green
parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.
Phellogen
Phel"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) The tissue of young cells which
produces cork cells.
Phelloplastics
Phel`lo*plas"tics (?), n. [Gr. Art of modeling in cork.
Phenacite
Phen"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A glassy colorless mineral occurring
in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of
glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to
quartz.
Phenakistoscope
Phen`a*kis"to*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] A revolving disk on which
figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively,
so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an
animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the
successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so
that the figures may be projected upon a screen.
Phenanthrene
Phe*nan"threne (?), n. [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.) A complex
hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white
crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.
Phenanthridine
Phe*nan"thri*dine (?), n. [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.) A
nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and
quinoline.
Phenanthroline
Phe*nan"thro*line (?), n. [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.) Either
of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to
phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.
Phene
Phene (?), n. (Chem.) Benzene. [Obs.]
Phenetol
Phe"ne*tol (?), n. [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl
ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C6H5.O.C2H5.
Phenic
Phe"nic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, derived from, or
resembling, phenyl or phenol. Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol.
[Obsoles.]
Phenician
Phe*ni"cian (?), a. & n. See Ph\'d2nician.
Phenicine
Phen"i*cine (?), n. [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. ph\'82nicine.]
(Chem.) (a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of
indigo is diluted with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the
action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic
alcohol. Watts.
Phenicious
Phe*ni"cious (?), a. [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from Of a red
color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.
Phenicopter
Phen`i*cop"ter (?), n. [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i.e.,
red-feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf.
F. ph\'82nicopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) A flamingo.
Phenix
Phe"nix (?), n.; pl. Phenixes (#). [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written
also ph\'d2nix.]
1. (Gr. Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire
by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of
immortality.
2. (Astron.) A southern constellation.
3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer. <-- rise like a phoenix,
to resume an endeavor after an apparently final defeat -->
Phenogamia
Phen`o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. (Bot.) Same as Ph\'91nogamia.
Phenogamian, Phenogamic, Phenogamous
Phen`o*ga"mi*an (?), Phen`o*gam"ic (?), Phe*nog"a*mous (?), a. Same as
Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic, etc.
Phenol
Phe"nol (?), n. [Gr. -ol: cf. F. ph\'82nol.] (Chem.)
1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the
destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc.,
and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.
NOTE: &hand; It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote,
which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type
of alcohols, and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid
properties, and hence is popularly called carbolic acid, and was
formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and
in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.
2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol
proper is the type.
Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. --
Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at
once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid
series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid.<-- s.a. is not a fatty
acid, but a benzoic acid derivative. IT should say "carboxylic acid"
--> -- Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of
phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus,
saligenin is a phenol alcohol. -- Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of
a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties. --
Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.
Phenolate
Phe"no*late (?), n. [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.) A compound of phenol
analogous to a salt.
Phenomenal
Phe*nom"e*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. ph\'82nom\'82nal.] Relating to, or of
the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a
phenomenal memory. -- Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.
Phenomenalism
Phe*nom"e*nal*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) That theory which limits positive
or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or
spiritual.
Phenomenist
Phe*nom"e*nist (?), n. One who believes in the theory of
phenomenalism.
Phenomenology
Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F.
ph\'82nom\'82nologie.] A description, history, or explanation of
phenomena. "The phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.
Phenomenon
Phe*nom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Phenomena (#). [L. phaenomenon, Gr.
faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See Phantom.]
1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is
apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of
heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory.
In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the
phenomena of mind. Stewart.
2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an
extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a
musical phenomenon.
Phenose
Phe"nose` (?), n. [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.) A sweet amorphous
deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric
with, and resembling, dextrose.
Phenyl
Phe"nyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl: cf. F. ph\'82nyle. So called because it is a
by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5)
regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an
immense number of aromatic derivatives. Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol
or carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base
(C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with
acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.
Phenylamine
Phe`nyl*am"ine (?), n. [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.) Any one of certain
class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the
substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.
Phenylene
Phe"nyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in
certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine.
Phenylic
Phe*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
phenyl. Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.
Pheon
Phe"on (?), n. [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.) A bearing representing
the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on
the inner edge.
Phial
Phi"al (?), n. [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or
bowl, Gr. Vial.] A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle
for medicines; a vial.
Phial
Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.] To
put or keep in, or as in, a phial.
Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.
Philabeg
Phil"a*beg (?), n. See Filibeg.
Philadelphian
Phil`a*del"phi*an (?), a. [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from
fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s
brother.] Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the
cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.
Philadelphian
Phil`a*del"phi*an, n.
1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth
century, -- called also the Family of Love. Tatler.
Philalethist
Phil`a*le"thist (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. A lover of the truth. [Obs.]
Brathwait.
Philander
Phi*lan"der (?), v. i. [Gr. To make love to women; to play the male
flirt.
You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.
Philander
Phi*lan"der, n. A lover. [R.] Congreve.
Philander
Phi*lan"der, n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A South American opossum (Didelphys
philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).
Philanderer
Phi*lan"der*er (?), n. One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.]
C. Kingsley.
Philanthrope
Phil"an*thrope (?), n. [F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.
Philanthropic, Philanthropical
Phil`an*throp"ic (?), Phil`an*throp"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
philanthropique.] Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by
philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic
enterprise. -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.
Philanthropinism
Phil`an*throp"i*nism (?), n. A system of education on so-called
natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by
Basedow, of Dessau.
Philanthropinist
Phil`an*throp"i*nist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in,
philanthropinism.
Philanthropist
Phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. philanthrope.] One who practices
philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of
others. <-- esp. a wealthy individual who donates large amounts of
money to charitable or philanthropic causes -->
Philanthropistic
Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a
philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle.
Philanthropy
Phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [L. philanthropia, Gr. philanthropie.] Love to
mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good
will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to
misanthropy. Jer. Taylor. <-- (2) active effort to promote human
welfare; humanitarian activity. [i.e., an action, not merely a state
of mind] --> <-- 2. an organization whose purpose is to engage in
philanthropy(2), and is supported by funds from one or a small number
of wealthy individuals; a type of charity, the source of whose funds
is typically from a wealthy individual or a corporation, or a trust
fund established by a wealthy individual. It is distinguished from
other charitable organizations in that the source of funds of other
charities may come from a large number of sources, or from public
solicitation. -->
Philatelic
Phil`a*tel"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philately.
Philatelist
Phi*lat"e*list (?), n. One versed in philately; one who collects
postage stamps.
Philately
Phi*lat"e*ly (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. frank to send free.] The collection
of postage stamps of various issues.
Philatory
Phil"a*to*ry (?), n. [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.]
(Eccl.) A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.
Philauty
Phil"au*ty (?), n. [Gr. Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.
Philharmonic
Phil`har*mon"ic (?), a. [Philo- + Gr. philharmonique.] Loving harmony
or music.
Philhellene
Phil*hel"lene (?), n. A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a
philhellenist. Emerson.
Philhellenic
Phil`hel*len"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philhellenism.
Philhellenism
Phil*hel"len*ism (?), n. Love of Greece.
Philhellenist
Phil*hel"len*ist, n. [Philo- + Gr. philhell\'8ane.] A friend of
Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one
who supported them in their struggle for independence against the
Turks; a philhellene.
Philibeg
Phil"i*beg (?), n. See Filibeg. [Scot.]
Philip
Phil"ip (?), n. [So called from their notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip.
[Prov. Eng.]
Philippian
Phi*lip"pi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient
Macedonia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.
Philippic
Phi*lip"pic (?), n. [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic,
Gr. philippique.]
1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the
Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.
2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious
invective.
Philippium
Phi*lip"pi*um (?), n. [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of
Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful metallic element
said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.<-- no such
element -->
Philippize
Phil"ip*pize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Philippizing.] [Gr.
1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.
2. [See Philippic.] To write or speak in the style of a philippic.
Philister
Phi*lis"ter (?), n. [G.] A Philistine; -- a cant name given to
townsmen by students in German universities.<-- in sense 3 -->
Philistine
Phi*lis"tine (?), n. [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishth\'c6, pl.
Phlishth\'c6m.]
1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of
southern Palestine.
2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.
3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without
appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one
whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M.
Arnold.
Philistine
Phi*lis"tine, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.
2. Uncultured; commonplace.
Philistinism
Phi*lis"tin*ism (?), n. The condition, character, aims, and habits of
the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle.
On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals
and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit,
unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism. M. Arnold.
Phillipsite
Phil"lips*ite (?), n. [So named after John Phillips, an English
mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and
soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals,
often cruciform in shape; -- called also christianite. <-- sic. no (b)
in original! -->
Phillygenin
Phil*lyg"e*nin (?), n. [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A pearly
crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.
Phillyrea
Phil*lyr"e*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of evergreen plants
growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit
resembling that of the olive.
Phillyrin
Phil"ly*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a
bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a
febrifuge.
Philo-
Philo-. A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to;
as, philosophy, philotechnic.
Philogynist
Phi*log"y*nist (?), n. [See Philogyny.] A lover or friend of women;
one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to
misogynist.
Philogyny
Phi*log"y*ny (?), n. [Gr. Fondness for women; uxoriousness; -- opposed
to misogyny. [R.] Byron.
Philohellenian
Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an (?), n. A philhellenist.
Philologer
Phi*lol"o*ger (?), n. [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr. A
philologist. Burton.
Philologian
Phil`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A philologist. [R.]
Philological, Philologic
Phil`o*log"ic*al (?), Phil`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philologique.] Of
or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
Philologist
Phi*lol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in philology.
Philologize
Phi*lol"o*gize (?), v. i. To study, or make critical comments on,
language. Evelyn.
Philologue
Phil"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. philologue.] A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.
Philology
Phi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation,
philology, Gr. philologie. See Philologer.]
1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.
2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as
a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation
of different tongues to one another, and historical development of
languages; linguistic science.
NOTE: &hand; Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or
origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of
sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the
interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages,
and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages.
It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.
3. A treatise on the science of language.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1077
Philomath
Phil"o*math (?), n. [Gr. fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, fr.
A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.
Philomathematic
Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic (?), n. A philomath.
Philomathic
Phil`o*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philomathique.]
1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.
2. Having love of learning or letters.
Philomathy
Phi*lom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. The love of learning or letters.
Philomel
Phil"o*mel (?), n. Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic]
Milton. Cowper.
Philomela
Phil`o*me"la (?), n. [L. philomela, Gr.
1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the nightingales.
Philomene
Phil"o*mene (?), n. The nightingale. [Obs.]
Philomot
Phil"o*mot (?), a. [See Filemot.] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.]
Addison.
Philomusical
Phil`o*mu"sic*al (?), a. [Philo- + musical.] Loving music. [R.]Busby.
Philopena
Phil`o*pe"na (?), n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG.
vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved;
but influenced by Gr. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a
penalty of friendship or love.] A present or gift which is made as a
forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the
game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.]
NOTE: &hand; On e of th e wa ys may be stated as follows: A person
finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a
person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first
at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to
the kernels eaten.
Philopolemic, Philopolemical
Phil`o*po*lem"ic (?), Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Fond of
polemics or controversy. [R.]
Philoprogenitive
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive (?), a. Having the love of offspring; fond of
children.
Philoprogenitiveness
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n. [Philo- + L. progenies offspring.]
(Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children.
Philosophaster
Phi*los"o*phas`ter (?), n. [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus:
cf. OF. philosophastre.] A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.
Philosophate
Phi*los"o*phate (?), v. i. [L. philosophatus, p.p. of philosophari to
philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.
Philosophation
Phi*los`o*pha"tion (?), n. Philosophical speculation and discussion.
[Obs.] Sir W. Petty.
Philosophe
Phil"o*sophe (?), n. [F., a philosopher.] A philosophaster; a
philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.
Philosopheme
Phi*los"o*pheme (?), n. [Gr. A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or
principle of reasoning. [R.]
This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian
myths, is a philosopheme. Coleridge.
Philosopher
Phi*los"o*pher (?), n. [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L.
philosophus, Gr. Philosophy.]
1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.
Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics,
encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.
2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the
conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical
wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.
3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly
sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.
Philosophic, Philosophical
Phil`o*soph"ic (?), Phil`o*soph"ic*al (?), a. [L. philosophicus: cf.
F. philosophique.] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or
imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a
philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. --
Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.
Philosophism
Phi*los"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy;
the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle.
Philosophist
Phi*los"o*phist (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophiste.] A pretender in
philosophy.
Philosophistic, Philosophistical
Phi*los`o*phis"tic (?), Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining
to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]
Philosophize
Phi*los"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Philosophizing (?).] To reason like a philosopher; to search
into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and
assign rational causes for their existence.
Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but
philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton.
Philosophizer
Phi*los"o*phi`zer (?), n. One who philosophizes.
Philosophy
Phi*los"o*phy (?), n.; pl. Philosophies (#). [OE. philosophie, F.
philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. Philosopher.]
1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in
actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved
into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.
NOTE: &hand; Wh en ap plied to an y pa rticular de partment of
knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under
which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that
subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and
the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material
objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called
anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and
ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations
by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics.
NOTE: &hand; "P hilosophy ha s be en defined: tionscience of things
divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; --
the science of effects by their causes; -- the science of
sufficient reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as
they are possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from
first principles; -- the science of truths sensible and abstract;
-- the application of reason to its legitimate objects; -- the
science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of
human reason; -- the science of the original form of the ego, or
mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the
absolute; -- the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal
and real."
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by
which particular phenomena are explained.
[Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer.
We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our
philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke.
3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity;
fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy.
Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer.
4. Reasoning; argumentation.
Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and
false philosophy. Milton.
5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.
6. A treatise on philosophy.
Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in
a grove in Athens called the Academy. -- Philosophy of the Garden,
that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. -- Philosophy of
the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school,
who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. -- Philosophy of
the Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of
Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great
hall in Athens.
Philostorgy
Phil`o*stor"gy (?), n. [Gr. Natural affection, as of parents for their
children. [R.]
Philotechnic, Philotechnical
Phil`o*tech"nic (?), Phil`o*tech"nic*al (?), a. [Philo- + Gr.
philotechnique.] Fond of the arts. [R.]
Philter
Phil"ter (?), n. [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr. A potion or charm
intended to excite the passion of love. [Written also philtre.]
Addison.
Philter
Phil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Philtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Philtering.]
1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught.
2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion.
Gov. of Tongue.
Phimosis
Phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition of the penis in
which the prepuce can not be drawn back so as to uncover the glans
penis.
Phitoness
Phi"ton*ess (?), n. Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]
Phiz
Phiz (?), n.; pl. Phizes (#). [Contr. fr. physiognomy.] The face or
visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.
Phlebitis
Phle*bi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a
vein.
Phlebogram
Phleb"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing (with the
sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.
Phlebolite, Phlebolith
Phleb"o*lite (?), Phleb"o*lith (?), n. [Gr. -lite, -lith.] (Med.) A
small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.
Phlebology
Phle*bol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A branch of anatomy which treats of
the veins.
Phlebotomist
Phle*bot"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. phl\'82botomiste.] (Med.) One who
practiced phlebotomy.
Phlebotomize
Phle*bot"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Phlebotomizing (?).] [Cf. F. phl\'82botomiser.] To let blood
from by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.
Phlebotomy
Phle*bot"o*my (?), n. [L. phlebotomia, Gr. phl\'82botomie. Cf. Fleam.]
(Med.) The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the
treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.
Phlegm
Phlegm (?), n. [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. Phlox,
Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a., and Fluminate.]
1. One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to
be composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot.
2. (Physiol.) Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the
respiratory and digestive passages.
3. (Old Chem.) A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a
spirituous liquor. Crabb.
4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest;
indifference; coldness.
They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm. Pope.
Phlegmagogue
Phleg"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Old Med.) A medicine supposed to expel
phlegm.
Phlegmasia
Phleg*ma"si*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Phlegm.] (Med.) An inflammation;
more particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs. Phlegmasia
dolens ( [NL.], milk leg.
Phlegmatic
Phleg*mat"ic (?), a. [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. phlegmatique.]
1. Watery. [Obs.] "Aqueous and phlegmatic." Sir I. Newton.
2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic
constitution. Harvey.
3. Generating or causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations."
Sir T. Browne.
4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish;
heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison.
Phlegmatic temperament (Old Physiol.), lymphatic temperament. See
under Lymphatic.
Phlegmatical
Phleg*mat"ic*al (?), a. Phlegmatic. Ash.
Phlegmatically
Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phlegmatic manner.
Phlegmaticly
Phleg*mat"ic*ly (?), a. Phlegmatically. [Obs.]
Phlegmon
Phleg"mon (?), n. [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the
skin, Gr. phlegmon.] (Med.) Purulent inflammation of the cellular or
areolar tissue.
Phlegmonous
Phleg"mon*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.] Having the nature or
properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey.
Phleme
Phleme (?), n. (Surg. & Far.) See Fleam.
Phleum
Phle"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including the
timothy (Phleum pratense), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail
grass. Gray.
Phlo\'89m
Phlo"\'89m (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) That portion of fibrovascular bundles
which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; --
distinguished from xylem.
Phlogistian
Phlo*gis"tian (?), n. A believer in the existence of phlogiston.
Phlogistic
Phlo*gis"tic (?), a.
1. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its
existence.
2. (Med.) Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.
Phlogistical
Phlo*gis"tic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phlogistic.
Phlogisticate
Phlo*gis"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.) To combine phlogiston with; --
usually in the form and sense of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly
phlogisticated substances.
Phlogistication
Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion (?), n. (Old Chem.) The act or process of
combining with phlogiston.
Phlogiston
Phlo*gis"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Phlox.] (Old Chem.) The
hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl
as a chemical element.
NOTE: &hand; Th is wa s su pposed to be un ited wi th combustible
(phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from incombustible
(dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being
the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly
pure phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was, that
combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and
combination which it has since been shown to be.
<-- this theory is now discredited and superseded by the theory of
chemical reaction between oxidizable substances and oxidants as an
explanation of combustion -->
Phlogogenous
Phlo*gog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. -genous.] (Med.) Causing inflammation.
Phlogopite
Phlog"o*pite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A kind of mica having generally a
peculiar bronze-red or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a
silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is
characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine.
See Mica.
Phlogosis
Phlo*go"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Inflammation of external
parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation.
Phlogotic
Phlo*got"ic (?), n. (Med.) Of or pertaining to phlogisis.
Phloramine
Phlo*ram"ine (?), n. [Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.) A basic amido
derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.
Phloretic
Phlo*ret"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or
designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of
phloretin.
Phloretin
Phlor"e*tin (?), n. [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.) A bitter white
crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and
formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.
Phlorizin
Phlor"i*zin (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline glucoside
extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc.
[Formerly also written phloridzin.]
Phloroglucin
Phlor`o*glu"cin (?), n. [Phloretin + Gr. (Chem.) A sweet white
crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the
decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino,
etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also phloroglucinol.]
Phlorol
Phlo"rol (?), n. [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.) A liquid metameric with
xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling
certain salts of phloretic acid.
Phlorone
Phlo"rone (?), n. [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline
substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones,
and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation
of xylidine; -- called also xyloquinone.
Phlox
Phlox (?), n. [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers. Phlox worm
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of an American moth (Heliothis phloxiphaga). It
is destructive to phloxes. -- Phlox subulata, the moss pink. See under
Moss.
Phlyctenular
Phlyc*ten"u*lar (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Characterized by the presence of
small pustules, or whitish elevations resembling pustules; as,
phlyctenular ophthalmia.
Phoca
Pho"ca (?), n. [L., a seal, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of seals. It
includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See Seal.
Phocacean
Pho*ca"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Phoca; a seal.
Phocal
Pho"cal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to seals.
Phocenic
Pho*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or
porpoise oil; -- said of an acid (called also delphinic acid)
subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts.
Phocenin
Pho*ce"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. phoc\'82nine.] (Chem.) See Delphin.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1078
Phocine
Pho"cine (?), a. [L. phoca a seal.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
seal tribe; phocal.
Phocodont
Pho"co*dont (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Phocodontia.
Phocodontia
Pho`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of
extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth had compressed and serrated
crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied genera.
Ph\'d2be
Ph\'d2"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pewee, or pewit.
Ph\'d2bus
Ph\'d2"bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Class. Myth.) Apollo; the sun god.
2. The sun. "Ph\'d2bus 'gins arise." Shak.
Ph\'d2nician
Ph\'d2*ni"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Ph\'d2nica. -- n. A native
or inhabitant of Ph\'d2nica.
Ph\'d2nicious
Ph\'d2*ni"cious (?), a. See Phenicious.
Ph\'d2nicopterus
Ph\'d2`ni*cop"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of birds which includes the flamingoes.
Ph\'d2nix
Ph\'d2"nix (?), n. [L., a fabulous bird. See Phenix.]
1. Same as Phenix. Shak.
2. (Bot.) A genus of palms including the date tree.
Pholad
Pho"lad (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pholas.
Pholadean
Pho*la"de*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Pholad.
Pholas
Pho"las (?), n.; pl. Pholades (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pholas, or
family Pholadid\'91. They bore holes for themselves in clay, peat, and
soft rocks.
Phonal
Pho"nal (?), a.[Gr. Of or relating to the voice; as, phonal structure.
Max M\'81ller.
Phonascetics
Pho`nas*cet"ics (?), n. [Gr. Treatment for restoring or improving the
voice.
Phonation
Pho*na"tion (?), n. [Gr. The act or process by which articulate sounds
are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.
Phonautograph
Pho*nau"to*graph (?), n. [Phono- + Gr. -graph.] (Physics) An
instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible
trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant
vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible
membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the
movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or
plate.
Phoneidoscope
Pho*nei"do*scope (?), n. [Phono- + Gr. -scope.] (Physics) An
instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical
means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a
film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and
position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.
Phonetic
Pho*net"ic (?), a. [Gr. phon\'82tique. See Ban a proclamation.]
1. Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.
2. Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; -- opposed to
ideographic; as, a phonetic notation.
Phonetic spelling, spelling in phonetic characters, each representing
one sound only; -- contrasted with Romanic spelling, or that by the
use of the Roman alphabet.
Phonetically
Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonetic manner.
Phonetician
Pho`ne*ti"cian (?), n. One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.
Phonetics
Pho*net"ics (?), n.
1. The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human
voice; phonology.
2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written
characters.
Phonetism
Pho"ne*tism (?), n. The science which treats of vocal sounds. J.
Peile.
Phonetist
Pho"ne*tist (?), n.
1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.
2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.
Phonetization
Pho`ne*ti*za"tion (?), n. The act, art, or process of representing
sounds by phonetic signs.
Phonetize
Pho"ne*tize (?), v. t. To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell.
Phonic
Phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. phonique.] Of or pertaining to sound; of the
nature of sound; acoustic. Tyndall.
Phonics
Phon"ics (?), n. See Phonetics.
Phono-
Pho"no- (?). A combining form from Gr. sound, tone; as, phonograph,
phonology.
Phono
Phono (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono)
having nearly transparent wings.
Phonocamptic
Pho`no*camp"tic (?), a. [Phono- + Gr. phonocamptique.] Reflecting
sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham.
Phonogram
Pho"no*gram (?), n. [Phono- + -gram.]
1. A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound.
Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for
entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations
of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters,
which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can
be resolved. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.
Phonograph
Pho"no*graph (?), n. [Phono- + -graph.]
1. A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in
phonography.
2. (Physics) An instrument for the mechanical registration and
reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists
of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily
indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate
carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a
sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft
material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set
the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.
Phonographer
Pho*nog"ra*pher (?), n.
1. One versed or skilled in phonography.
2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See
Phonograph, 2.
Phonographic, Phonographical
Pho`no*graph"ic (?), Pho`no*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
phonographique.]
1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.
2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.
Phonographically
Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonographic manner; by means of
phonograph.
Phonographist
Pho*nog"ra*phist (?), n. Phonographer.
Phonography
Pho*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phono- + -graphy.]
1. A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by
the organs of speech.
2. A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a
system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a
modification of his system, much used by reporters.
NOTE: &hand; Th e co nsonants are represented by straight lines and
curves; the vowels by dots and short dashes; but by skilled
phonographers, in rapid work, most vowel marks are omitted, and
brief symbols for common words and combinations of words are
extensively employed. The following line is an example of
phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: -- <-- illustr.
of phonetic transcription of the line below -->
They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton.
3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.
Phonolite
Pho"no*lite (?), n. [Phono- + -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.) A
compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, ha\'81ynite,
etc. Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called also
clinkstone.
Phonologer
Pho*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phonologist.
Phonologic, Phonological
Pho`no*log"ic (?), Pho`no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
phonology.
Phonologist
Pho*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phonology.
Phonology
Pho*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phono- + -logy.] The science or doctrine of the
elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the
various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones;
phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.
Phonometer
Pho*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Phono- + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for
measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the
vibrations.
Phonomotor
Pho`no*mo"tor (?), n. [Phono- + -motor.] (Physics) An instrument in
which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.
Phonorganon
Pho*nor"ga*non (?), n. [NL. See Phono-, and Organon.] A speaking
machine.
Phonoscope
Pho"no*scope (?), n. [Phono- + -scope.] (Physics) (a) An instrument
for observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding
bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by K\'94nig for testing the
quality of musical strings. (b) An instrument for producing luminous
figures by the vibrations of sounding bodies.
Phonotypr
Pho"no*typr (?), n. [Phono- + -type.] A type or character used in
phonotypy.
Phonotypic, Phonotypical
Pho`no*typ"ic (?), Pho`no*typ"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet.
Phonotypist
Pho*not"y*pist (?), n. One versed in phonotypy.
Phonotypy
Pho*not"y*py (?), n. A method of phonetic printing of the English
language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary
letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each
elementary sound by a separate character.
Phorminx
Phor"minx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A kind of lyre used by the Greeks.
Mrs. Browning.
Phormium
Phor"mi*um (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants,
consisting of one species (Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.
Phorone
Phor"one (?), n. [Camphor + acetone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline
substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex
derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.
Phoronis
Pho*ro"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around
the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva
(Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.
Phoronomia
Phor`o*no"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Phoronomics.
Phoronomics
Phor`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Gr. The science of motion; kinematics. [R.]
Weisbach.
Phosgene
Phos"gene (?), a. [Gr. phosg\'8ane.] (Old Chem.) Producing, or
produced by, the action of light; -- formerly used specifically to
designate a gas now called carbonyl chloride. See Carbonyl.<-- still
called phosgene. It was used as a poison gas in World War I. -->
Phosgenite
Phos"gen*ite (?), n. (Min.) A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal
crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster.
It is a chlorocarbonate of lead.
Phospham
Phos"pham (?), n. [Phosphorus + ammonia.] (Chem.) An inert amorphous
white powder, PN2H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated
phosphorus. [Spelt also phosphame.] -- Phos"pham"ic (#), a.
Phosphate
Phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphoric acid.
Phosphatic
Phos*phat"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus,
phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, phosphatic nodules. Phosphatic
diathesis (Med.), a habit of body which leads to the undue excretion
of phosphates with the urine.
Phosphaturia
Phos`pha*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.) The
excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.
Phosphene
Phos"phene (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A luminous impression produced
through excitation of the retina by some cause other than the
impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure upon the eyeball
when the lids are closed. Cf. After-image.
Phosphide
Phos"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of phosphorus.
Phosphine
Phos"phine (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia,
and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also
hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen.
NOTE: &hand; It is th e most important compound of phosphorus and
hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on
phosphorus. It is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities,
and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.
Phosphinic
Phos*phin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain
acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two
hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by
oxidation.
Phosphite
Phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphorous acid.
Phosphonic
Phos*phon"ic (?), a. [Phosphoric + sulphonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a
hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.
Phosphonium
Phos*pho"ni*um (?), n. [Phosphorus + ammonium.] (Chem.) The
hypothetical radical PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the
nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.
Phosphor
Phos"phor (?), n. [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.]
1. Phosphorus. [Obs.] Addison.
2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer.
[Poetic] Pope. Tennyson.
Phosphorate
Phos"phor*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phosphorated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Phosphorating.] (Chem.) To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus
or its compounds; as, phosphorated oil.
Phosphor-bronze
Phos"phor-bronze` (?), n. [Phosphor + bronze.] (Metal.) A variety of
bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained
by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent
of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.
Phosphoreous
Phos*pho"re*ous (?), a. Phosphorescent. [Obs.]
Phosphoresce
Phos`phor*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Phosphorescing (?).] To shine as phosphorus; to be
phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.
Phosphorescence
Phos`phor*es"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. phosphorescence.]
1. The quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of
phosphorescing.
2. A phosphoric light.
Phosphorescent
Phos`phor*es"cent (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorescent.] Shining with a
phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat. -- n. A
phosphorescent substance.
Phosphoric
Phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorique.]
1. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing,
from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus
has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.
2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron.
Glacial phosphoric acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form
of glassy semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric
acid. -- Phosphoric acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance,
H3PO4, which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms
an important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates.
-- Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.),
phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts,
which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant
juices. -- Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid
changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble)
salts.
Phosphorical
Phos*phor"ic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phosphoric.
Phosphorite
Phos"phor*ite (?), n. (min.) A massive variety of apatite.
Phosphoritic
Phos`phor*it"ic (?), a. (Min.) Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling,
or of the nature of, phosphorite.
Phosphorize
Phos"phor*ize (?), v. t. To phosphorate.
Phosphorized
Phos"phor*ized (?), a. Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.
Phosphorogenic
Phos`phor*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Phosphorus + -gen + -ic.] Generating
phosphorescence; as, phosphorogenic rays.
Phosphoroscope
Phos*phor"o*scope (?), n. [Phosphorus + -scope.] (Physics) An
apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in different
bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.
Phosphorous
Phos"phor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining
to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically,
designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as
contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3.
Phosphorus
Phos"phor*us (?), n.; pl. Phosphori (#). [L., the morning star, Gr.
1. The morning star; Phosphor.
2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group,
obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having
a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically,
must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary
temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always
occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in
bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction
matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four
atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.
3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like
phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.
Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which shines in the
dark after exposure to light; -- so called because this property was
discovered by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to
other compounds having similar properties. -- Metallic phosphorus
(Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray
metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties.
It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a
high temperature. -- Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among
workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and
other symptoms. -- Red, OR Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an
allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder
by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous,
is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is
valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the
friction surface on which safety matches are ignited. -- Solar
phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark
after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.
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Page 1079
Phosphoryl
Phos"phor*yl (?), n. [Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical PO,
regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.
Phosphuret
Phos"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A phosphide. [Obsoles.]
Phosphureted
Phos"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Impregnated, or combined, with
phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also phosphuretted.] Phosphureted
hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.
Photic
Pho"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Relating to the production of light by
the lower animals.
Photics
Pho"tics (?), n. (Physics) The science of light; -- a general term
sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing
vision. Knight.
Photo
Pho"to (?), n.; pl. Photos (. A contraction of Photograph. [Colloq.]
Photo-
Pho"to- (?). A combining form from Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as,
photography, phototype, photometer.
Photobiotic
Pho`to*bi*ot"ic (?), a. [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.) Requiring light to
live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells.
Photochemical
Pho`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.) Of or
pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the
photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.
Photochemistry
Pho`to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.) The branch of
chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical
changes, as in photography.
Photochromic, Photochromatic
Pho`to*chro"mic (?), Pho`to*chro*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to
photochromy; produced by photochromy.
Photochromy
Pho*toch"ro*my (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. The art or process of reproducing
colors by photography.
Photodrome
Pho"to*drome (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. (Physics) An apparatus consisting
of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is
illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a
rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel
is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly
in either direction.
Photo-electric
Pho`to-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Photo- + electric.] Acting by the operation
of both light and electricity; -- said of apparatus for producing
pictures by electric light.
Photo-electrotype
Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type (?), n. (Print.) An electrotype plate formed in
a mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.
Photo-engraving
Pho`to-en*grav"ing (?), n. [Photo- + engraving.] The process of
obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to
be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.
Photo-epinasty
Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty (?), n. [See Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.) A
disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral
organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light.
Encyc. Brit.
Photogalvanography
Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + galvanography.] The art or
process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D. Brewster.
Photogen
Pho"to*gen (?), n. [Photo- + -gen.] (Chem.) A light hydrocarbon oil
resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin,
etc., and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written also
photogene.]
Photogene
Pho"to*gene (?), n. [See Photogen.]
1. A photograph. [Obsoles.]
2. A more or less continued impression or image on the retina. H.
Spencer.
Photogenic
Pho`to*gen"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or
generating light.
Photogeny
Pho*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See Photogen.] See Photography. [Obsoles.]
Photoglyphic
Pho`to*glyph"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. Pertaining to the art of
engraving by the action of light. [Written also photoglyptic.]
Photoglyphic engraving, a process of etching on copper, steel, or
zinc, by means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that
from the plate impressions may be taken. Sir D. Brewster.
Photoglyphy
Pho*tog"ly*phy (?), n. Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic.
Photoglyptic
Pho`to*glyp"tic (?), a. Same as Photoglyphic.
Photogram
Pho"to*gram (?), n. [Photo- + -gram.] A photograph. [R.]
Photograph
Pho"to*graph (?), n. [Photo- + -graph.] A picture or likeness obtained
by photography.
Photograph
Pho"to*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photographed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Photographing (?).] To take a picture or likeness of by means of
photography; as, to photograph a view; to photograph a group.
He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards
photographed on wood. Hamerton.
NOTE: Also used figuratively.
He is photographed on my mind. Lady D. Hardy.
Photograph
Pho"to*graph, v. i. To practice photography; to take photographs.
Photographer
Pho*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or is skilled in,
photography.
Photographic, Photographical
Pho`to*graph"ic (?), Pho`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
photographique.] Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by
photography; used ib photography; as a photographic picture; a
photographic camera. -- Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Photographic
printing, the process of obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared
paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to light.
Photographist
Pho*tog"ra*phist (?), n. A photographer.
Photographometer
Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter (?), n. [Photograph + -meter.] (Photog.) An
instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in
photographic processes to luminous rays.
Photography
Pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + -graphy: cf. F. photographie.]
1. The science which relates to the action of light on sensitive
bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the
like.
2. The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.
NOTE: &hand; Th e well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface
of metal, glass, paper, or other suitable substance, coated with
collodion or gelatin, and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides,
or iodides of silver, or other salts sensitive to light. The
exposed plate is then treated with reducing agents, as pyrogallic
acid, ferrous sulphate, etc., to develop the latent image. The
image is then fixed by washing off the excess of unchanged
sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite (thiosulphate) or other
suitable reagents.
<-- color photography, the production of colored images by a
photographic process. A variety of dyes are used to produced the
colored images. Processes may or may not use silver to produce the
colored image. -->
Photogravure
Pho`to*grav"ure (?), n. [F.] A photoengraving; also, the process by
which such a picture is produced.
Photoheliograph
Pho`to*he"li*o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + heliograph.] (Physics) A
modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.
Photolithograph
Pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + lithograph.] A lithographic
picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.
Photolithograph
Pho`to*lith"o*graph, v. t. To produce (a picture, a copy) by the
process of photolithography.
Photolithographer
Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or one who employs,
photolithography.
Photolithographic
Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic (?), n. Of or pertaining to photolithography;
produced by photolithography.
Photolithography
Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy (?), n. The art or process of producing
photolithographs. <-- The process by which the image of a pattern is
transferred photographically to a sensitive surface, and the surface
subsequently etched; used for printing or in the production of
integrated circuits. -->
Photologic, Photological
Pho`to*log"ic (?), Pho`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to photology,
or the doctrine of light.
Photologist
Pho*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who studies or expounds the laws of light.
Photology
Pho*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.] The doctrine
or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.
Photomagnetic
Pho`to*mag*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.
Photomagnetism
Pho`to*mag"net*ism (?), n. The branch of science which treats of the
relation of magnetism to light.
Photomechanical
Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or designating, any
photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without
the intervention of hand engraving.
Photometer
Pho*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Photo- + -meter: cf. F. photom\'8atre.]
(Physics) An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more
especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different
lights, or their relative illuminating power.
Photometric, Photometrical
Pho`to*met"ric (?), Pho`to*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
photom\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.
Photometrician
Pho*tom`e*tri"cian (?), n. One engaged in the scientific measurement
of light.
Photometry
Pho*tom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. photom\'82trie.] That branch of science
which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.
Photomicrograph
Pho`to*mi"cro*graph (?), n. [Photo- + micro + -graph.]
1. An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See
Microphotograph.
2. A microscopically small photograph of an object.
Photomicrography
Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy (?), n. The art of producing photomicrographs.
Photophobia
Pho`to*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A dread or intolerance of
light. Sir T. Watson.
Photophone
Pho"to*phone (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. (Physics) An apparatus for the
production of sound by the action of rays of light. A. G. Bell.
Photophonic
Pho`to*phon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photophone.
Photophony
Pho*toph"o*ny (?), n. The art or practice of using the photophone.
Photopsia
Pho*top"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An affection of the eye, in
which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc.
See phosphene.
Photopsy
Pho*top"sy (?), n. Same as Photopsia.
Photorelief
Pho`to*re*lief" (?), n. A printing surface in relief, obtained by
photographic means and subsequent manipulations. Knight.
Photoscope
Pho"to*scope (?), n. [Photo- + -scope.] (Physics) Anything employed
for the observation of light or luminous effects.
Photoscopic
Pho`to*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.
Photosculpture
Pho`to*sculp"ture (?), n. [Photo- + sculpture.] A process in which, by
means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different
points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust
of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.
Photosphere
Pho"to*sphere (?), n. [Photo- + sphere.] A sphere of light; esp., the
luminous envelope of the sun.
Photospheric
Pho`to*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photosphere.
Phototonus
Pho*tot"o*nus (?), n. [NL. See Photo-, and Tone.] (Bot.) A motile
condition in plants resulting from exposure to light. -- Pho`to*ton"ic
(#), a.
Phototropic
Pho`to*trop"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. (Bot.) Same as Heliotropic.
Phototype
Pho"to*type (?), n. [Photo- + -type.] A plate or block with a printing
surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one
of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is
obtained.
Phototypic
Pho`to*typ"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.
Phototypography
Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + typography.] Same as Phototypy.
Phototypy
Pho*tot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of producing phototypes.
Photoxylography
Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + xylography.] The process of
producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for
the use of the wood engraver.
Photozincograph
Pho`to*zin"co*graph (?), n. A print made by photozincography. --
Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic, a.
Photozincography
Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + zincography.] A process,
analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed
impressions transferred to zinc plate.
Phragmocone
Phrag"mo*cone (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The thin chambered shell
attached to the anterior end of a belemnite. [Written also
phragmacone.]
Phragmosiphon
Phrag`mo*si"phon (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The siphon of a phragmocone.
Phrasal
Phras"al (?), a. Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase;
as, a phrasal adverb. Earlc.
Phrase
Phrase (?), n. [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr.
1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or
more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of
a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase.
"Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase.
Shak.
2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed;
a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human.
3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one
expreses himself; diction; expression. "Phrases of the hearth."
Tennyson.
Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst. Shak.
4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a period.
NOTE: &hand; A composition consists first of sentences, or periods;
these are subdivided into sections, and these into phrases.
Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.
Phrase
Phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.]
[Cf. F. phraser.] To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call;
to style. "These suns -- for so they phrase 'em." Shak.
Phrase
Phrase, v. i.
1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.]
2. (Mus.) To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See
Phrase, n., 4.
Phraseless
Phrase"less, a. Indescribable. Shak.
Phraseogram
Phra"se*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] (Phonography) A symbol for a
phrase.
Phraseologic, Phraseological
Phra`se*o*log"ic (?), Phra`se*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words. "This verbal or
phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson.
Phraseologist
Phra`se*ol"o*gist (?), n. A collector or coiner of phrases.
Phraseology
Phra`se*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phras\'82ologie.]
1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.
Most completely national in his . . . phraseology. I. Taylor.
2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book. [R.] Syn. -- Diction;
style. See Diction.
Phrasing
Phras"ing (?), n.
1. Method of expression; association of words.
2. (Mus.) The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form
distinct musical phrases.
Phratry
Phra"try (?), n.; pl. Phratries (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A subdivision
of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.
Phreatic
Phre*at"ic (?), a. [F. phr\'82atique, from Gr. (Geol.) Subterranean;
-- applied to sources supplying wells.
Phrenetic, Phrenetical
Phre*net"ic (?), Phre*net"ic*al (?), a. [L. phreneticus, Gr.
phr\'82n\'82tique. See Frantic, and cf. Frenetic.] Relating to
phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic.
-- Phre*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
Phrenetic
Phre*net"ic, n. One who is phrenetic. Harvey.
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Page 1080
Phrenic
Phren"ic (?), a.[Gr. phr\'82nique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve.
Phrenics
Phren"ics (?), n. That branch of science which relates to the mind;
mental philosophy. [R.]
Phrenism
Phre"nism (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Biol.) See Vital force, under Vital.
Phrenitis
Phre*ni"tis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Med.) Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain,
attended with acute fever and delirium; -- called also cephalitis.
2. See Frenzy.
Phrenograph
Phre"no*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for
registering the movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in
respiration.
Phrenologer
Phre*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phrenologist.
Phrenologic
Phren`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phr\'82nologique.] Phrenological.
Phrenological
Phren`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phrenology. --
Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
Phrenologist
Phre*nol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. phr\'82nologiste.] One versed in
phrenology; a craniologist.
Phrenology
Phre*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phr\'82nologie.]
1. The science of the special functions of the several parts of the
brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of
the mind and particular organs in the brain.
2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the
mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of
the head or skull; craniology. <-- considered pseudo-science by all
reputable medical personnel, but still believed by -->
NOTE: &hand; Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of
twenty-six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces.
Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and
conterminous patches.
Encyc. Brit. <-- Illustr. of a chart of phrenology, showing the areas
of the skull as "mapped" by Gall. -->
Phrenomagnetism
Phre`no*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Gr. magnetism.] The power of exciting the
organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.
Phrenosin
Phre"no*sin (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous
body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.
Phrensied
Phren"sied (?), p. p. & a. See Frenzied.
Phrensy
Phren"sy (?), n. Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See
Frenzy.
Phrensy
Phren"sy, v. t. To render frantic.
Phrentic
Phren"tic (?), n. & a. See Phrenetic. [Obs.]
Phryganeid
Phry*ga"ne*id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any insect belonging to the
Phryganeides.
Phryganeides
Phryg`a*ne"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the
caddice flies; -- called also Trichoptera. See Trichoptera. [Written
also Phryganides.]
Phrygian
Phryg"i*an (?), a. [L. Phrygius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or
to its inhabitants. Phrygian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek
modes, very bold and vehement in style; -- so called because fabled to
have been invented by the Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
-- Phrygian stone, a light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, -- used
by the ancients in dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.
Phrygian
Phryg"i*an, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) A Montanist.
Phthalate
Phthal"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid.
Phthalein
Phthal"e*in (?), n. [See Phthalic.] (Chem.) One of a series of
artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols
with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthale\'8bn. Their
alkaline solutions are fluorescent. Phenol phthalein, a white or
yellowish white crystalline substance made from phthalic acid and
phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized
by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as
an indicator.
Phthalic
Phthal"ic (?), a. [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene
and allied substances. Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline
substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2, analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in
the brilliant dyestuffs called the phthaleins.
Phthalide
Phthal"ide (?), n. [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.) A lactone obtained
by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance;
hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper
is the type. [Written also phthalid.] <-- phthalic anhydride? would be
classed as an acid anhydride, rather than a lactone. Obtained
commercially by a different process. -->
Phthalimide
Phthal"i*mide (?), n. [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.) An imido derivative
of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance,
C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and
forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido.
Phthalin
Phthal"in (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance obtained
by reduction from phthale\'8bn, into which it is easily converted by
oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is
the type.
Phthalyl
Phthal"yl (?), n. [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical
of phthalic acid.<-- now usu. pthaloyl -->
Phthiriasis
Phthi*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease (morbus
pediculous) consisting in the excessive multiplication of lice on the
human body.
Phthisic
Phthis"ic (?), n. Same as Phthisis.
Phthisical
Phthis"ic*al (?), a. [L. phthisicus, Gr. phthisique. See Phthisis.] Of
or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; wasting;
consumptive.
Phthisicky
Phthis"ick*y (?), a. Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as
difficulty in breathing.
Phthisiology
Phthis`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.) A treatise on
phthisis. Dunglison.
Phthisipneumonia, Phthisipneumony
Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n. [NL. See
Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption.
Phthisis
Phthi"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. phthisie.] (Med.) A wasting or
consumption of the tissues. The term was formerly applied to many
wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary phthisis,
or consumption. See Consumption. Fibroid phthisis. See under Fibroid.
Phthongal
Phthon"gal (?), a. [Gr. Formed into, or characterized by, voice;
vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the
vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.
Phthongal
Phthon"gal, n. A vocalized element or letter.
Phthongometer
Phthon*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument for measuring
vocal sounds. Whewell.
Phthor
Phthor (?), n. [F. phthore, Gr. (Old Chem.) Fluorine. [Written also
phthor.]
Phycite
Phy"cite (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) See Erythrite, 1.
Phycochrome
Phy"co*chrome (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A bluish green coloring matter of
certain alg\'91.
Phycocyanin, Phycocyanine
Phy`co*cy"a*nin (?), Phy`co*cy"a*nine (?), n. [Gr. cyanin.] A blue
coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.
Phycoerythrin, Phycoerythrine
Phy`co*e*ryth"rin (?), Phy`co*e*ryth"rine (?), n. [Gr. erythrin,
-ine.] A red coloring matter found in alg\'91 of the subclass
Floride\'91.
Phycography
Phy*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of seaweeds.
Phycology
Phy*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of alg\'91, or seaweeds;
algology.
Phycomater
Phy`co*ma"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mater mother.] (Bot.) A gelatin in
which the alg\'91 spores have been supposed to vegetate.
Phycoph\'91ine
Phy`co*ph\'91"ine (?), n. [Gr. A brown coloring matter found in
certain alg\'91.
Phycoxanthin, Phycoxanthine
Phy`co*xan"thin (?), Phy`co*xan"thine (?), n. [Gr. A yellowish
coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.
Phylacter
Phy*lac"ter (?), n. A phylactery. Sandys.
Phylactered
Phy*lac"tered (?), a. Wearing a phylactery.
Phylacteric, Phylacterical
Phyl`ac*ter"ic (?), Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
phylacteries.
Phylactery
Phy*lac"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Phylacteries (#). [OE. filateri, OF.
filatire, filatiere, F. phylact\'8are, L. phylacterium, Gr.
Philatory.]
1. Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.
2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin,
containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the
scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9,
13-22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day
mornings, during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the
dead were inclosed.
Phylactocarp
Phy*lac"to*carp (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A branch of a plumularian
hydroid specially modified in structure for the protection of the
gonothec\'91.
Phylactol\'91ma, Phylactol\'91mata
Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma (?), Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water Bryozoa in which the tentacles
are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, and the mouth is
covered by an epistome. Called also Lophopoda, and hippocrepians.
Phylactol\'91matous
Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Phylactol\'91ma.
Phylactolema, Phylactolemata
Phy*lac`to*le"ma (?), Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Phylactol\'91ma.
Phylarch
Phy"larch (?), n. [L. phylarchus, Gr. Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.)
The chief of a phyle, or tribe.
Phylarchy
Phy"larch*y (?), n. [Gr. The office of a phylarch; government of a
class or tribe.
Phyle
Phy"le (?), n.; pl. Phyl\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. A local division of
the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.
Phyllite
Phyl"lite (?), n. [See Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A mineral related to
ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.
Phyllo-
Phyl"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr. a leaf; as, phyllopod,
phyllotaxy.
Phyllobranchia
Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Phyllobranci\'91 (#). [NL. See
Phyllo-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A crustacean gill composed of
lamell\'91.
Phyllocladium
Phyl`lo*cla"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllocladia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
A flattened stem or branch which more or less resembles a leaf, and
performs the function of a leaf as regards respiration and
assimilation.
Phyllocyanin
Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.) A blue coloring
matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.]
Phyllocyst
Phyl"lo*cyst (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) The cavity of a
hydrophyllium.
Phyllode
Phyl"lode (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Phyllodium.
Phyllodineous
Phyl`lo*din"eous (?), a. (Bot.) Having phyllodia; relating to
phyllodia.
Phyllodium
Phyl*lo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with vertical
edges, as in the Australian acacias.
Phyllody
Phyl"lo*dy (?), n. [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde metamorphosis
of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.
Phylloid
Phyl"loid (?), a. [Phyllo- + -oid.] Resembling a leaf.
Phyllomania
Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.) An abnormal or
excessive production of leaves.
Phyllome
Phyl"lome (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A foliar part of a plant; any organ
homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.
Phyllomorphosis
Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.) The
succession and variation of leaves during different seasons. R. Brown.
Phyllophagan
Phyl*loph"a*gan (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of a group
of marsupials including the phalangists. (b) One of a tribe of beetles
which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.
Phyllophagous
Phyl*loph"a*gous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Substituting on leaves;
leaf-eating.
Phyllophorous
Phyl*loph"o*rous (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.) Leaf-bearing; producing
leaves.
Phyllopod
Phyl"lo*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Phyllopoda.
NOTE: [Also used adjectively.]
Phyllopoda
Phyl*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of which live
in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs, often very
numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also Branchiopoda.
NOTE: &hand; In so me, th e bo dy is covered with a bivalve shell
(Holostraca); in others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace
(Monostraca); in others, like Artemia, there is no carapace, and
the body is regularly segmented. Sometimes the group is made to
include also the Cladocera.
Phyllopodous
Phyl*lop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.
Phyllorhine
Phyl"lo*rhine (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to
Phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have a leaflike
membrane around the nostrils.
Phyllosoma
Phyl`lo*so"ma (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zo\'94l.)
The larva of the spiny lobsters (Palinurus and allied genera). Its
body is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very
long. Called also glass-crab, and glass-shrimp.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1081
Phyllostome
Phyl"lo*stome (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bat of the genus
Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes around the mouth
and nose; a nose-leaf bat.
Phylloltomid
Phyl*lol"to*mid (?), n. A phyllostome.
Phyllotactic
Phyl`lo*tac"tic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.
Phyllotaxy, Phyllotaxis
Phyl"lo*tax`y (?), Phyl"lo*tax`is (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.) The
order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the science of the
relative position of leaves.
Phyllous
Phyl"lous (?), a. (Bot.) Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals,
petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs.
Phylloxanthin
Phyl`lo*xan"thin (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.) A yellow coloring
matter extracted from chlorophyll.
Phylloxera
Phyl`lox*e"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix) allied
to the aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing
great damage, especially in Europe.
NOTE: &hand; It exists in several forms, some of which are winged,
other wingless. One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs,
another affects the roots, causing galls or swellings, and often
killing the vine.
2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just
described.
Phylogenesis, Phylogeny
Phy`lo*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*log"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. genesis, or root of
Gr. The history of genealogical development; the race history of an
animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the phylon or
tribe, in distinction from ontogeny, or the development of the
individual organism, and from biogenesis, or life development
generally.
Phylogenetic
Phy*lo*ge*net"ic (?), a. Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history
of a type of organism. -- Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
Phylon
Phy"lon (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) A tribe.
Phylum
Phy"lum (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL. See Phylon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand
division.
Phyma
Phy"ma (?), n.; pl. Phymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A tubercle on
any external part of the body.
Physa
Phy"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water
Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See Pond snail, under
Pond.
Physalia
Phy*sa"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large oceanic
Siphonophora which includes the Portuguese man-of-war.
NOTE: &hand; It ha s a la rge air sac, or float, with a sail-like
crest on its upper side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are
attached to the under side of the float. Some of the zooids have
very long tentacles; some have a mouth and digest food; others
produce gonophores. The American species (Physalia arethusa) is
brilliantly colored, the float being pink or purple, and bright
blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its virulent stinging
powers, as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions, and
its ability to sail to windward.
Physali\'91
Phy*sa"li*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Siphonophora
which includes Physalia.
Physemaria
Phys`e*ma"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of simple
marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of the sponges. They
have inflated hollow bodies.
Physeter
Phy*se"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. phys\'82t\'8are.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The genus that includes the sperm whale.
2. A filtering machine operated by air pressure.
Physianthropy
Phys`i*an"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. The philosophy of human life, or the
doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.
Physic
Phys"ic (?), n. [OE. phisike, fisike, OF. phisique, F. physique
knowledge of nature, physics, L. physica, physice, fr. Gr. be. See Be,
and cf. Physics, Physique.]
1. The art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or
practice of medicine.<-- obsolete -- superseded by medicine --> "A
doctor of physik." Chaucer.
2. A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness;
a remedy for disease; a medicine.
3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.
4. A physician. [R.] Shak.
Physic nut (Bot.), a small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree
(Jatropha Curcas), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain
a drastic oil which renders them dangerous if eaten in large
quantities.
Physic
Phys"ic (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Physiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Physicking (?).]
1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a
cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.
2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.
The labor we delight in physics pain. Shak.
A mind diseased no remedy can physic. Byron.
Physical
Phys"ic*al (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to nature (as including all created existences);
in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or relating to natural
or material things, or to the bodily structure, as opposed to things
mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; natural; as, armies
and navies are the physical force of a nation; the body is the
physical part of man.
Labor, in the physical world, is . . . employed in putting objects
in motion. J. S. Mill.
A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere physical force.
Macaulay.
2. Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or
relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as,
physical science; physical laws. "Physical philosophy." Pope.
3. Perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable
by the senses; external; as, the physical, opposed to chemical,
characters of a mineral.
4. Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal;
curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative. [Obs.] "Physical
herbs." Sir T. North.
Is Brutus sick? and is it physical To walk unbraced, and suck up
the humors Of the dank morning? Shak.
Physical astronomy, that part of astronomy which treats of the causes
of the celestial motions; specifically, that which treats of the
motions resulting from universal gravitation. -- Physical education,
training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion
of health and vigor. -- Physical examination (Med.), an examination of
the bodily condition of a person. -- Physical geography. See under
Geography. -- Physical point, an indefinitely small portion of matter;
a point conceived as being without extension, yet having physical
properties, as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point. --
Physical signs (Med.), the objective signs of the bodily state
afforded by a physical examination.
Physically
Phys"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physical manner; according to the laws of
nature or physics; by physical force; not morally.
I am not now treating physically of light or colors. Locke.
2. According to the rules of medicine. [Obs.]
He that lives physically must live miserably. Cheyne.
Physician
Phy*si"cian (?), n. [OE. fisician, fisicien, OF. physucien, a
physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in
physics. See Physic.]
1. A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty
authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor of
medicine.<-- one trained and licensed to treat illness and prescribe
medicines. -->
2. Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as, a
physician of the soul.
Physicianed
Phy*si"cianed (?), a. Licensed as a physician. [Obs.] "A physicianed
apothecary." Walpole.
Physicism
Phys"i*cism (?), n. The tendency of the mind toward, or its
preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and
religion.
Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while physicism (if I may so
call it) develops into science. Huxley.
Physicist
Phys"i*cist (?), n. One versed in physics.
2. (Biol.) A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of
life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles;
-- opposed to vitalist.
Physicking
Phys"ick*ing (?), p. pr. & vb. n. fr. Physic, v. t.
Physico-
Phys"i*co- (?). [Fr. Gr. A combining form, denoting relation to, or
dependence upon, natural causes, or the science of physics.
Physicochemical
Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Physico- + chemical.] Involving the
principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced
by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies. Huxley.
Physicologic
Phys`i*co*log"ic (?), n. [Physico- + logic.] Logic illustrated by
physics.
Physicological
Phys`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physicologic. Swift.
Physicology
Phys`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Physico- + -logy.] Physics. [R.] --
Phys`i*col"o*gist (#), n. [R.]
Physico-mathematics
Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics (?), n. [Physico- + mathematics.] Mixed
mathematics.
Physico-philosophy
Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy (?), n. [Physico- + philosophy.] The
philosophy of nature.
Physico-theology
Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Physico- + theology.] Theology or
divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.
Physics
Phys"ics (?), n. [See Physic.] The science of nature, or of natural
objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and
properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that
department of natural science which treats of the causes (as
gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify
the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy.
NOTE: &hand; Ch emistry, th ough a br anch of general physics, is
commonly treated as a science by itself, and the application of
physical principles which it involves constitute a branch called
chemical physics, which treats more especially of those physical
properties of matter which are used by chemists in defining and
distinguishing substances.
Physiocrat
Phys"i*o*crat (?), n. [Gr. One of the followers of Quesnay of France,
who, in the 18th century, founded a system of political economy based
upon the supremacy of natural order. F. A. Walker. -- Phys`i*o*crat"ic
(#), a.
Physiogeny
Phys`i*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The germ history of the functions,
or the history of the development of vital activities, in the
individual, being one of the branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny.
Haeckel.
Physiognomer
Phys`i*og"no*mer (?), n. Physiognomist.
Physiognomic, Physiognomical
Phys`i*og*nom"ic (?), Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr.
physiognomonique.] Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the
principles of physiognomy. -- Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly, adv.
Physiognomist
Phys`i*og*nom"ist (?), n. Same as Physiognomy, 1.
Physiognomist
Phys`i*og"no*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiognomiste.]
1. One skilled in physiognomy. Dryden.
2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy. Holland.
Physiognomize
Phys`i*og"no*mize (?), v. t. To observe and study the physiognomy of.
[R.] Southey.
Physiognommonic
Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic (?), a. Physiognomic.
Physiognomy
Phys`i*og"no*my (?), n.; pl. Physiognomies (#). [OE. fisonomie,
phisonomie, fisnamie, OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie, physiognomonie,
from Gr. Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.]
1. The art and science of discovering the predominant temper, and
other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance,
especially by the features of the face.
2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind;
particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as
denoting character.
3. The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features. [Obs.]
Bale.
4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to
its scientific characteristics; as, the physiognomy of a plant, or of
a meteor.
Physiogony
Phys`i*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. The birth of nature. [R.] Coleridge.
Physiographic, Physiographical
Phys`i*o*graph"ic (?), Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
physiographique.] Of or pertaining to physiography.
Physiography
Phys`i*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. physiographie.] The
science which treats of the earth's exterior physical features,
climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the
earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the
secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical
geography.
Physiolatry
Phys`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the powers or agencies of
nature; materialism in religion; nature worship. "The physiolatry of
the Vedas." M. Williams.
Physiologer
Phys`i*ol"o*ger (?), n. A physiologist.
Physiologic
Phys`i*o*log"ic (?), a. [L. physiologicus, Gr. physiologique.]
Physiological.
Physiological
Phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to
the science of the functions of living organism; as, physiological
botany or chemistry.
Physiologically
Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physiological manner.
Physiologist
Phys`i*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiologiste.] One who is versed in
the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions
of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.
Physiologize
Phys`i*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. To speculate in physiology; to make
physiological investigations. Cudworth.
Physiology
Phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Physiologies (#). [L. physiologia, Gr.
physiologie.]
1. The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the
study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.
NOTE: &hand; It is di vided into animal and vegetable physiology,
dealing with animal and vegetable life respectively. When applied
especially to a study of the functions of the organs and tissues in
man, it is called human physiology.
2. A treatise on physiology.
Mental physiology, the science of the functions and phenomena of the
mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same.
Physiophyly
Phys`i*oph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The tribal history of the
functions, or the history of the paleontological development of vital
activities, -- being a branch of phylogeny. See Morphophyly. Haeckel.
Physique
Phy*sique" (?), n. [F. See Physic.] The natural constitution, or
physical structure, of a person.
With his white hair and splendid physique. Mrs. Stowe.
Physnomy
Phys"no*my (?), n. Physiogmony. [Obs.]
Physoclist
Phys"o*clist, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Physoclisti.
Physoclisti
Phys`o*clis"ti (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
teleost in which the air bladder has no opening.
Physograde
Phys"o*grade (?), n. [Gr. gradi to walk, go.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the Physalia.
Physophor\'91
Phy*soph"o*r\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or float, and a series of
nectocalyces. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.
Physopod
Phy"so*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Physopoda; a thrips.
Physopoda
Phy*sop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Thysanoptera.
Physostigmine
Phy`so*stig"mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean
(the seed of Physostigma venenosum), and extracted as a white,
tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; -- formerly called
eserine, with which it was regarded as identical.
Physostomi
Phy*sos"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes
in which the air bladder is provided with a duct, and the ventral
fins, when present, are abdominal. It includes the salmons, herrings,
carps, catfishes, and others.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1082
Physostomous
Phy*sos"to*mous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having a duct to the air
bladder. (b) Pertaining to the Physostomi.
Phytelephas
Phy*tel"e*phas (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of South American
palm trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called vegetable
ivory.
Phytivorous
Phy*tiv"o*rous (?), a. [Phyto- + L. vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding
on plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, phytivorous animals. Ray.
Phyto-
Phy"to- (?). [See Physic.] A combining form from Gr. fyto`n a plant;
as, phytochemistry, phytography.
Phytochemical
Phy`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. Relating to phytochemistry. R. Hunt.
Phytochemistry
Phy"to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Phyto- + chemistry.] Chemistry in its
relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry. R. Hunt.
Phytochimy
Phy*toch"i*my (?), n. [F. phytochimie; Gr. chimie chemistry.]
Phytochemistry. [Obsoles.]
Phytogenesis, Phytogeny
Phy`to*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Phyto- + genesis, or root
of Gr. The doctrine of the generation of plants.
Phytogeographical
Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phytogeography.
Phytogeography
Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + geography.] The geographical
distribution of plants.
Phytoglyphic
Phy`to*glyph"ic (?), a. Relating to phytoglyphy.
Phytoglyphy
Phy*tog"ly*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. See Nature printing, under
Nature.
Phytographical
Phy`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phytographique.] Of or pertaining
to phytography.
Phytography
Phy*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F. phytographie.] The
science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also, a
description of plants.
Phytoid
Phy"toid (?), a. [Phyto- + -oid.] Resembling a plant; plantlike.
Phytolacca
Phy`to*lac"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. lacca lac.] (Bot.) A genus of
herbaceous plants, some of them having berries which abound in
intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.
Phytolite
Phy"to*lite (?), n. [Phyto- + -lite: cf. F. phytolithe.] An old name
for a fossil plant.
Phytolithologist
Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phytolithology; a
paleobotanist.
Phytolithology
Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + lithology.] The branch of
science which treats of fossil plants; -- usually called paleobotany,
sometimes paleophytology.
Phytological
Phy`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phytologique.] Of or pertaining to
phytology; botanical.
Phytologist
Phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a
botanist. Evelyn.
Phytology
Phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + -logy: cf. F. phytologie.] The science
of plants; a description of the kinds and properties of plants;
botany. Sir T. Browne.
Phytomer, Phytomeron
Phy"to*mer (?), Phy*tom"e*ron (?), n. [NL. phytomeron, fr. Gr. (Bot.)
An organic element of a flowering plant; a phyton.
Phyton
Phy"ton (?), n.; pl. Phytons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) One of the
parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being
a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.
Phytonomy
Phy*ton"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. phytonomie.] The science of the
origin and growth of plants.
Phytopathologist
Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in diseases of plants.
Phytopathology
Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + pathology.] The science of
diseases to which plants are liable.
Phytophaga
Phy*toph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Hymenoptera; the sawflies.
Phytophagic
Phy`to*phag"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Phytophagous.
Phytophagous
Phy*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Phyto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Feeding on plants;
herbivorous; as, a phytophagous animal.
Phytophagy
Phy*toph"a*gy (?), n. The eating of plants.
Phytophysiology
Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + physiology.] Vegetable
physiology.
Phytotomist
Phy*tot"o*mist (?), n. One versed in phytotomy.
Phytotomy
Phy*tot"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. The dissection of plants; vegetable
anatomy.
Phytozoaria
Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Phytozo\'94n.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Infusoria.
Phytozo\'94n
Phy`to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Phytozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to zo\'94phytes.
Phyz
Phyz (?), n. See Phiz.
Pi
Pi (?), n. [See Pica, Pie magpie, service-book.] (Print.) A mass of
type confusedly mixed or unsorted. [Written also pie.] <-- math. the
ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle -->
Pi
Pi, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pieing (?).]
(Print.) To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix
and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.]
Pia\'87aba
Pi*a\'87"a*ba (?), n. See Piassava.
Piacle
Pi"a*cle (?), n. [L. piaculum a propitiatory sacrifice, that which
requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. piare to appease, to expiate,
pius pious.] A heinous offense which requires expiation. [R.] Howell.
Piacular
Pi*ac"u*lar (?), a. [L. piacularis: cf. F. piaculaire.]
1. Expiatory; atoning. Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad. "Piacular
pollution." De Quincey.
Piacularity
Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being piacular;
criminality; wickedness. De Quincey.
Piaculous
Pi*ac"u*lous (?), a. Same as Piacular.
Pial
Pi"al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the pia mater.
Pia mater
Pi"a ma"ter (?). [NL., fr. L. pia (fem. of pius tender, kind) + mater
mother.] (Anat.) The delicate and highly vascular membrane immediately
investing the brain and spinal cord.
Pian
Pian (?), n. [Pg. pian, epian, or. Sp. pian; from the native name in
South America: cf. F. pian.] (Med.) The yaws. See Yaws.
Pianet
Pi"a*net` (?), n. [Cf. Pie magpie.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The magpie.
[Written also pianate, and pyenate.] (b) The lesser woodpecker. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Pianette
Pi*a*nette" (?), n. [Dim. of piano.] (Mus.) A small piano; a pianino.
Pianino
Pi`a*ni"no (?), n. [It., dim. of piano, adj. See Piano.] (Mus.) A
pianette, or small piano.
Pianissimo
Pi`a*nis"si*mo (?), a.[It., superl. of piano.] (Mus.) Very soft; -- a
direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. pp.)
Pianist
Pi*an"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. pianiste, It. pianista.] A performer, esp. a
skilled performer, on the piano.
Piano
Pi*a"no (?), a. & adv. [It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. planus even,
level.] (Mus.) Soft; -- a direction to the performer to execute a
certain passage softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev.
p.)
Piano, Pianoforte
Pi*an"o (?), Pi*an"o*for`te (?), n. [It. piano soft (fr. L. planus
even, smooth; see Plain, a.) + It. forte strong, fr. L. fortis (see
Fort).] (Mus.) A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the
harpsichord, and consisting of a sreies of wires of graduated length,
thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by keys. Dumb piano.
See Digitorium. -- Grand piano. See under Grand. -- Square piano, one
with a horizontal frame and an oblong case. -- Upright piano, one with
an upright frame and vertical wires.
Pianograph
Pi*an"o*graph (?), n. [Piano + -graph.] (Mus.) A form of melodiograph
applied to a piano.
Piapec
Pi"a*pec (?), n. [Cf. Pie a magpie.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African pie
(Ptilostomus Senegalensis).
Piarist
Pi"a*rist (?), n. [L. pius pious.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious
order who are the regular clerks of the Scuole Pie (religious
schools), an institute of secondary education, founded at Rome in the
last years of the 16th century. Addis & Arnold.
Piassava
Pi*as"sa*va (?), n. [Pg. piasaba.] A fibrous product of two Brazilian
palm trees (Attalea funifera and Leopoldinia Piassaba), -- used in
making brooms, and for other purposes. Called also pia\'87aba and
piasaba.
Piaster
Pi*as"ter (?), n. [F. piastre, It. piastra a thin plate of metal, a
dollar, LL. piastra, fr. L. emplastrum. See Plaster.] A silver coin of
Spain and various other countries. See Peso. The Spanish piaster
(commonly called peso, or peso duro) is of about the value of the
American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to
100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four
and a half cents.
Piastre
Pi*as"tre (?), n. See Piaster.
Piation
Pi*a"tion (?), n. [L. piatio. See Piacle.] The act of making
atonement; expiation. [Obs.]
Piatti
Pi*at"ti (?), n. pl. [It., prop., plates.] (Mus.) Cymbals. [Written
also pyatti.]
Piazza
Pi*az"za (?), n.; pl. Piazzas (#). [It., place, square, market place,
L. platea street, courtyard. See Place.] An open square in a European
town, especially an Italian town; hence (Arch.), an arcaded and roofed
gallery; a portico. In the United States the word is popularly applied
to a veranda.
We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in piazzas. Jer. Taylor.
Pibcorn
Pib"corn` (?), n. [W. pib pipe + corn horn.] (Mus.) A wind instrument
or pipe, with a horn at each end, -- used in Wales.
Pibroch
Pi"broch (?), n. [Gael. piobaireachd pipe music, fr. piobair a piper,
fr. pioba pipe, bagpipe, from English. See Pipe, n.] A Highland air,
suited to the particular passion which the musician would either
excite or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on
the bagpipe before the Highlanders when they go out to battle.
Jamieson.
Pic
Pic (?), n. [Cf. F. pic.] A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to
28 inches.
Pica
Pi"ca (?), n. [L. pica a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some
resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. Pie magpie.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The genus that includes the magpies.
2. (Med.) A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as
chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A service-book. See Pie. [Obs.]
4. (Print.) A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller
than English.
NOTE: &hand; This line is printed in pica
NOTE: &hand; Pi ca is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a
standard of measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and
also as a standard by which to designate several larger kinds of
type, as double pica, two-line pica, four-line pica, and the like.
Small pica (Print.), a size of type next larger than long primer, and
smaller than pica.
NOTE: &hand; This line is printed in small pica
Picador
Pic`a*dor" (?), n. [Sp.] A horseman armed with a lance, who in a
bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him by
picking him without attempting to kill him.
Picamar
Pic"a*mar` (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + amarus bitter.] (Chem.) An
oily liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar.
It consists essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol.
Picapare
Pic"a*pare (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The finfoot.
Picard
Pic"ard (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Adamites in the
fifteenth century; -- so called from one Picard of Flanders. See
Adamite.
Picaresque
Pic`a*resque" (?), a. [F., fr. Sp. picaro rogue.] Applied to that
class of literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish
picaro, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer.
Picari\'91
Pi*ca"ri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.)
An extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers,
toucans, trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and
goatsuckers. By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos,
swifts, and humming birds.
Picarian
Pi*ca"ri*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Picari\'91. -- n.
One of the Picari\'91.
Picaroon
Pic`a*roon" (?), n. [Sp. picaron, aug. of picaro roguish, n., a
rogue.] One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate;
a corsair; a marauder; a sharper. Sir W. Temple.
Picayune
Pic`a*yune" (?), n. [From the language of the Caribs.] A small coin of
the value of six and a quarter cents. See Fippenny bit. [Local, U.S.]
<-- adj. picayunish; small-minded -->
Picayunish
Pic`a*yun"ish (?), a. Petty; paltry; mean; as, a picayunish business.
[Colloq. U.S.]
Piccadil, Piccadilly
Pic"ca*dil (?), Pic`ca*dil"ly (?), n. [OF. piccagilles the several
divisions of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of
a doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. picado, p.p. of picar to prick. See Pike.] A
high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt
of a garment, -- worn by men in the 17th century.
Piccage
Pic"cage (?), n. [LL. piccadium, fr. F. piquer to prick.] (O. Eng.
Law) Money paid at fairs for leave to break ground for booths.
Ainsworth.
Piccalilli
Pic"ca*lil`li (?), n. A pickle of various vegetables with pungent
species, -- originally made in the East Indies.
Piccolo
Pic"co*lo (?), n. [It., small.]
1. (Mus.) A small, shrill flute, the pitch of which is an octave
higher than the ordinary flute; an octave flute.
2. (Mus.) A small upright piano.
3. (Mus.) An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.
Pice
Pice (?), n. [Hind. pais\'be] A small copper coin of the East Indies,
worth less than a cent. Malcom.
Picea
Pic"e*a (?), n. [L., the pitch pine, from pix, picis, pitch.] (Bot.) A
genus of coniferous trees of the northen hemisphere, including the
Norway spruce and the American black and white spruces. These trees
have pendent cones, which do not readily fall to pieces, in this and
other respects differing from the firs.
Picene
Pi"cene (?), n. [See Piceous.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon (C
Piceous
Pic"e*ous (?), a. [L. piceus, fr. pix, picis, pitch.] Of or pertaining
to pitch; resembling pitch in color or quality; pitchy.
Pichey
Pi"chey (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Brazilian armadillo
(Dasypus minutus); the little armadillo. [Written also pichiy.]
Pichiciago
Pi`chi*ci*a"go (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, burrowing,
South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus), allied to the
armadillos. The shell is attached only along the back. [Written also
pichyciego.]
Pichurim bean
Pich"u*rim bean` (?). (Bot.) The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree
(Nectandra Puchury) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and
of sassafras, -- sometimes used medicinally. Called also sassafras
nut.
Pici
Pi"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks.
Piciform
Pi"ci*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Piciformes.
Piciformes
Pic`i*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Picus, and -Form.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of birds including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies,
kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups.
Picine
Pi"cine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (Pici),
or to the Piciformes.
Pick
Pick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picking.]
[OE. picken, pikken, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. pikka, Sw. picka,
Dan. pikke, D. pikken, G. picken, F. piquer, W. pigo. Cf. Peck, v.,
Pike, Pitch to throw.]
1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.]
As high as I could pick my lance. Shak.
2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything
pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick,
as with a pin.
3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to
pick matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc.
4. To open (a lock) as by a wire.
5. To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to
gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a
fowl, etc.
6. To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the
fingers, or with the teeth; as, to pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to
pick a goose; to pick a pocket.
Did you pick Master Slender's purse? Shak.
He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems With an old tavern
quill, is hungry yet. Cowper.
7. To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull;
as, to pick one's company; to pick one's way; -- often with out. "One
man picked out of ten thousand." Shak.
8. To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to
bring together; as, to pick rags; -- often with up; as, to pick up a
ball or stones; to pick up information.
9. To trim. [Obs.] Chaucer.
To pick at, to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance. -- To pick a
bone with. See under Bone. -- To pick a thank, to curry favor. [Obs.]
Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To pick off. (a) To pluck; to remove by
picking. (b) To shoot or bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters
pick off the enemy. -- To pick out. (a) To mark out; to variegate; as,
to pick out any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors. (b)
To select from a number or quantity. -- To pick to pieces, to pull
apart piece by piece; hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize
in detail. -- To pick a quarrel, to give occasion of quarrel
intentionally. -- To pick up. (a) To take up, as with the fingers. (b)
To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, to pick up a
livelihood; to pick up news.<-- (c) to acquire (an infectious
disease); as, to pick up a cold on the airplane. (d) To meet (a
person) and induce to accompany one; as, to pick up a date at the
mall. [See several other defs in MW10] -->
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1083
Pick
Pick (?), v. i.
1. To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble.<-- = to pick at
-->
Why stand'st thou picking? Is thy palate sore? Dryden.
2. To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small
things; to select something with care.
3. To steal; to pilfer. "To keep my hands from picking and stealing."
Book of Com. Prayer.
To pick up, to improve by degrees; as, he is picking up in health or
business. [Colloq. U.S.]<-- or, to increase gradually, as the car
picked up speed rolling downhill -->
Pick
Pick, n. [F. pic a pickax, a pick. See Pick, and cf. Pike.]
1. A sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used in composition; as,
a toothpick; a picklock.
2. (Mining & Mech.) A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at
both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle,
-- used by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used
for dressing millstones.<-- used for digging -->
3. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler.
[Obs.] "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't." Beau. &
Fl.
4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's pick.
France and Russia have the pick of our stables. Ld. Lytton.
5. That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the pick
of the flock.
6. (Print.) A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a
letter, filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed
sheet. MacKellar.
7. (Painting) That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to
correct an unevenness in a picture.
8. (Weawing) The blow which drives the shuttle, -- the rate of speed
of a loom being reckoned as so many picks per minute; hence, in
describing the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks
to an inch.
Pick dressing (Arch.), in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed
tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions. -- Pick
hammer, a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners.
Pickaback
Pick"a*back` (?), adv. On the back or shoulders; as, to ride pickback.
[Written also pickapack, pickback, and pickpack.]<-- = piggyback -->
A woman stooping to take a child pickaback. R,Jefferies.
Pickaninny
Pick"a*nin`ny (?), n.; pl. Pickaninnies (#). [Cf. Sp. peque\'a4o
little, young.] A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant.
[U.S. & West Indies]
Pickapack
Pick"a*pack` (?), adv. Pickaback.
Pickax, Pickaxe
Pick"ax`, Pick"axe` (?), n. [A corruption of OE. pikois, pikeis, F.
picois, fr. pic. See Pick, n.] A pick with a point at one end, a
transverse edge or blade at the other, and a handle inserted at the
middle; a hammer with a flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed
end for piercing as it strikes. Shak.
Pickback
Pick"back` (?), adv. On the back.
Picked
Pick"ed (?), a.
1. Pointed; sharp. "Picked and polished." Chapman.
Let the stake be made picked at the top. Mortimer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a pike or spine on the back; -- said of certain
fishes.
3. Carefully selected; chosen; as, picked men.
4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty. [Obs.] Shak.
Picked dogfish. (Zo\'94l.) See under Dogfish. -- Picked out,
ornamented or relieved with lines, or the like, of a different,
usually a lighter, color; as, a carriage body dark green, picked out
with red.
Pickedness
Pick"ed*ness (?), n.
1. The state of being sharpened; pointedness.
2. Fineness; spruceness; smartness. [Obs.]
Too much pickedness is not manly. B. Jonson.
Pickeer
Pick*eer" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pickeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pickeering.] [F. picorer to go marauding, orig., to go to steal
cattle, ultimately fr. L. pecus, pecoris, cattle; cf. F. picor\'82e,
Sp. pecorea robbery committed by straggling soldiers.] To make a raid
for booty; to maraud; also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See
Picaroon. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.
Pickeerer
Pick*eer"er (?), n. One who pickeers. [Obs.]
Picker
Pick"er (?), n. [From Pick.]
1. One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, -- as, one who uses a
pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton picker.
"Pickers and stealers." Shak.
2. (Mach.) A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to
loosen and separate the fiber.
3. (Weaving) The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle,
and impels it through the warp.
4. (Ordnance) A priming wire for cleaning the vent.
Pickerel
Pick"er*el (?), n. [Dim. of Pike.] [Written also pickerell.]
1. A young or small pike. [Obs.]
Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel. Chaucer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of
the genus Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b) The glasseye, or
wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye.
NOTE: &hand; Th e federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus)
and the brook pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American
species. They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity.
About the Great Lakes the pike is called pickerel.
Pickerel weed (Bot.), a blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia
cordata) having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in
slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.
Pickering
Pick"er*ing (?), n. [Probably a corruption of Pickerel.] (Zo\'94l.)
The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.
Pickery
Pick"er*y (?), n. [From Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.] Petty
theft. [Scot.] Holinshed.
Picket
Pick"et (?), n. [F. piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike. See
Pike, and cf. Piquet.]
1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification
and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering
horses.
2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences.
3. [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.) A
detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to
oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; -- called also outlying
picket.
4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor
organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working
for employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant]<-- any
individual standing at the entrance to a building (typically a
business establishement), usually for the purpose of inhibiting or
preventing others from entering that establishment, but sometimes only
for demonstration or protest, and usually bearing a sign informing
others of the nature of the grievance causing the picketing. -->
5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender
was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.
6. A game at cards. See Piquet.
Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment of troops held in camp or
quarters, detailed to march if called upon. -- Picket fence, a fence
made of pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of
horse and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line.
(Mil.) (a) A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed
at intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. --
Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.
Picket
Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Picketing.]
1. To fortify with pointed stakes.
2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.
3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse.
4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.
5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.
[Obs.]
Picketee
Pick`e*tee" (?), n. (Bot.) See Picotee.
Pick-fault
Pick"-fault` (?), n. One who seeks out faults.
Picking
Pick"ing, n.
1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.
2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.
3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.
4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.
5. pl. The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. [Eng.]
Simmonds.
6. (Mining) Rough sorting of ore.
7. Overburned bricks. Simmonds.
Picking
Pick"ing, a.
1. Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a picking sound.
2. Nice; careful. [Obs.]
was too warm on picking work to dwell. Dryden.
Picking peg. (Weaving) See Picker, n., 3.
Pickle
Pic"kle (?), n. [Obs.] See Picle.
Pickle
Pic"kle, n. [Cf. D. pekel. Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t., alluding
to the cleaning of the fish.]
1. (a) A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be
preserved or corned; brine. (b) Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for
preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, etc.
2. Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in
vinegar.<-- esp., a cucumber thus preserved -->
3. (Founding) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to
remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or
other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.
4. A troublesome child; as, a little pickle. [Colloq.]
To be in a pickle, to be in disagreeable position; to be in a
condition of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou
in this pickle?" Shak. -- To put a rod in pickle, to prepare a
particular reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application.
Pickle
Pic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pickling
(?).]
1. To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of pickle;
as, to pickle herrings or cucumbers.
2. To give an antique appearance to; -- said of copies or imitations
of paintings by the old masters.
Pickled
Pic"kled (?), a. Preserved in a pickle.
Pickle-herring
Pic"kle-her"ring (?), n.
1. A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. [Obs.] Addison.
Pickler
Pic"kler (?), n. One who makes pickles.
Picklock
Pick"lock` (?), n.
1. An instrument for picking locks. Shak.
2. One who picks locks; a thief. "A picklock of secrets." Jer. Taylor.
Pickmire
Pick"mire` (?), n. [So called from its picking its food from the
mire.] (Zo\'94l.) The pewit, or black-headed gull. [Prov. Eng.]
Picknick
Pick"nick (?), n. See Picnic.
Pickpack
Pick"pack` (?), adv. Pickaback.
Pickpenny
Pick"pen`ny (?), n.; pl. Pickpennies (. A miser; also, a sharper. Dr.
H. More.
Pickpocket
Pick"pock`et (?), n. One who steals purses or other articles from
pockets. Bentley.
Pickpurse
Pick"purse` (?), n. One who steals purses, or money from purses.
Latimer. Shak.
Picksy
Pick"sy (?), n. See Pixy.
Pickthank
Pick"thank` (?), n. One who strives to put another under obligation;
an officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.
Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers. Shak.
Picktooth
Pick"tooth` (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Swift.
Picke
Pi"cke (?), n. [Prob. fr. pightel or pingle.] A small piece of land
inclosed with a hedge; a close. [Obs.] [Written also pickle.]
Picnic
Pic"nic (?), n. [Cf. F. piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf. Knickknack.]
Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish
to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the
members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and
from food carried by themselves).
Picnic
Pic"nic (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Picnicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Picnicking (?).] To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in
public fashion.
Picnicker
Pic"nick*er (?), n. One who takes part in a picnic.
Picoid
Pi"coid (?), a. [Picus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
Pici.
Picoline
Pic"o*line (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)
Any one of three isometric bases (C6H7N) related to pyridine, and
obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha, as
colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; -- called also methyl
pyridine.
Picotee, Picotine
Pic`o*tee" (?), Pic`o*tine" (?), n. [F. picot\'82 dotted, picked.]
(Bot.) A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously
dotted and spotted at the edges.
Picquet
Pic"quet (?), n. See Piquet.
Picra
Pi"cra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) The powder of aloes with canella,
formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic.
Picrate
Pi"crate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of picric acid.
Picric
Pi"cric (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a strong
organic acid (called picric acid), intensely bitter.
NOTE: &hand; Picric acid is obtained by treating phenol with strong
nitric acid, as a brilliant yellow crystalline substance,
C6H2(NO2)3.OH. It is used in dyeing silk and wool, and also in the
manufacture of explosives, as it is very unstable when heated.
Called also trinitrophenol, and formerly carbazotic acid.
Picrite
Pic"rite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A dark green igneous rock,
consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, biotite,
etc.
Picrolite
Pic"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.: cf. F. picrolithe.] (Min.) A fibrous
variety of serpentine.
Picromel
Pic"ro*mel (?), n. [Gr. picromel.] (Old Chem.) A colorless viscous
substance having a bitter-sweet taste.
NOTE: &hand; It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle
of the bile, but is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts
of glycocholic and taurocholic acids.
Picrotoxin
Pic`ro*tox"in (?), n. [Gr. toxic + -in.] (Chem.) A bitter white
crystalline substance found in the cocculus indicus. It is a peculiar
poisonous neurotic and intoxicant, and consists of a mixture of
several neutral substances.
Picryl
Pi"cryl (?), n. [Picric + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of
picric acid, analogous to phenyl.
Pictish
Pict"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts. "The
Pictish peer." Byron.
Pictograph
Pic"to*graph (?), n. [See Picture, and -graph.] A picture or
hieroglyph representing and expressing an idea. -- Pic`to*graph"ic
(#), a.
Pictorial
Pic*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. pictorius, fr. pictor a painter, fr. pingere
to paint. See Paint.] Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by
pictures; forming pictures; representing with the clearness of a
picture; as, a pictorial dictionary; a pictorial imagination.
"Pictorial rhetoric." Ruskin. -- Pic*to"ri*al*ly, adv.
Pictoric, Pictorical
Pic*tor"ic (?), Pic*tor"ic*al (?), a. Pictorial. [Obs.]
Picts
Picts (?), n. pl.; sing. Pict (. [L. Picti; cf. AS. Peohtas.]
(Ethnol.) A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland
in early times.
Pictura
Pic*tu"ra (?), n. [L., a painting.] (Zo\'94l.) Pattern of coloration.
Picturable
Pic"tur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pictured, or represented by a
picture.
Pictural
Pic"tur*al (?), a. Pictorial. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
Pictural
Pic"tur*al, n. A picture. [Obs.] Spenser.
Picture
Pic"ture (?), n. [L. pictura, fr. pingere, pictum, to paint: cf. F.
peinture. See Paint.]
1. The art of painting; representation by painting. [Obs.]
Any well-expressed image . . . either in picture or sculpture. Sir
H. Wotton.
2. A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building)
upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting,
drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By
extension, a figure; a model.
Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects. Bacon.
The young king's picture . . . in virgin wax. Howell.
3. An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to
the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some
other thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the
picture of grief.
My eyes make pictures when they are shut. Coleridge.
NOTE: &hand; Pi cture is of ten us ed ad jectively, or in forming
self-explaining compounds; as, picture book or picture-book,
picture frame or picture-frame, picture seller or picture-seller,
etc.
Picture gallery, a gallery, or large apartment, devoted to the
exhibition of pictures. -- Picture red, a rod of metal tube fixed to
the walls of a room, from which pictures are hung. -- Picture writing.
(a) The art of recording events, or of expressing messages, by means
of pictures representing the actions or circumstances in question.
Tylor. (b) The record or message so represented; as, the picture
writing of the American Indians. Syn. -- Picture, Painting. Every kind
of representation by drawing or painting is a picture, whether made
with oil colors, water colors, pencil, crayons, or India ink;
strictly, a painting is a picture made by means of colored paints,
usually applied moist with a brush.
Picture
Pic"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pictured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Picturing.] To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to
represent; to form or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before
the mind. "I . . . do picture it in my mind." Spenser.
I have not seen him so pictured. Shak.
Pictured
Pic"tured (?), a. Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or
pictures; as, a pictured scene.
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Picturer
Pic"tur*er (?), n. One who makes pictures; a painter. [R.] Fuller.
Picturesque
Pic`tur*esque" (?), a. [It. pittoresco: cf. F. pittoresque. See
Pictorial.] Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture;
representing with the clearness or ideal beauty appropriate to a
picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in
a picture, natural or artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a picturesque
scene or attitude; picturesque language.
What is picturesque as placed in relation to the beautiful and the
sublime? It is . . . the characteristic pushed into a sensible
excess. De Quincey. -- Pic`tur*esque"ly, adv. --
Pic`tur*esque"ness, n.
Picturesquish
Pic`tur*esqu"ish, a. Somewhat picturesque. [R.]
Picturize
Pic"tur*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picturized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Picturizing.] [R.]
1. To picture.
2. To adorn with pictures.
Picul
Pic"ul (?), n. [Jav. & Malay pikul, fr. pikul to carry on the back,
to carry a burden; n., a man's burden.] A commercial weight varying
in different countries and for different commodities. In Borneo it
is 135 lbs.; in China and Sumatra, 133 lbs.; in Japan, 133 lbs.;
but sometimes 130 lbs., etc. Called also, by the Chinese, tan.
[Written also pecul, and pecal.]
Piculet
Pic"u*let (?), n. [Dim. of Picus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of very
small woodpeckers of the genus Picumnus and allied genera. Their
tail feathers are not stiff and sharp at the tips, as in ordinary
woodpeckers.
Picus
Pi"cus (?), n.; pl. Pici (#). [L., a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of woodpeckers, including some of the common American and
European species.<-- now picoides? -->
Piddle
Pid"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Piddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Piddling (?).] [Cf. dial. Sw. pittla to keep picking at, Sw. peta
to pick.]
1. To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters
rather than with those that are important. Ascham.
2. To be squeamishly nice about one's food. Swift.
3. To urinate; -- child's word.
Piddler
Pid"dler (?), n. One who piddles.
Piddling
Pid"dling (?), a.Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; -- applied
to persons and things.
The ignoble hucksterage of piddling tithes. Milton.
Piddock
Pid"dock (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Pholas; a pholad. See Pholas.
Pie
Pie (?), n. [OE. pie, pye; cf. Ir. & Gael. pighe pie, also Gael.
pige an earthen jar or pot. Cf. Piggin.]
1. An article of food consisting of paste baked with something in
it or under it; as, chicken pie; venison pie; mince pie; apple pie;
pumpkin pie.
2. See Camp, n., 5. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Pie crust, the paste of a pie. <-- easy as pie = very easy -->
Pie
Pie, n. [F. pie, L. pica; cf. picus woodpecker, pingere to paint; the
bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. Pi, Paint, Speight.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A magpie. (b) Any other species of the genus Pica,
and of several allied genera. [Written also pye.]
2. (R. C. Ch.) The service book.
3. (Pritn.) Type confusedly mixed. See Pi.
By cock and pie, an adjuration equivalent to "by God and the service
book." Shak. -- Tree pie (Zo\'94l.), any Asiatic bird of the genus
Dendrocitta, allied to the magpie. -- Wood pie. (Zo\'94l.) See French
pie, under French.
Pie
Pie, v. t. See Pi.
Piebald
Pie"bald` (?), a. [Pie the party-colored bird + bald.]
1. Having spots and patches of black and white, or other colors;
mottled; pied. "A piebald steed of Thracian strain." Dryden.
2. Fig.: Mixed. "Piebald languages." Hudibras.
Piece
Piece (?), n. [OE. pece, F. pi\'8ace, LL. pecia, petia, petium,
probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. peth a thing, a part, portion, a
little, Armor. pez, Gael. & Ir. cuid part, share. Cf. Petty.]
1. A fragment or part of anything separated from the whole, in any
manner, as by cutting, splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a
portion; as, a piece of sugar; to break in pieces.
Bring it out piece by piece. Ezek. xxiv. 6.
2. A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; as, a piece of
broadcloth; a piece of wall paper.
3. Any one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same
kind; an individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a
definite performance; especially: (a) A literary or artistic
composition; as, a piece of poetry, music, or statuary. (b) A musket,
gun, or cannon; as, a battery of six pieces; a following piece. (c) A
coin; as, a sixpenny piece; -- formerly applied specifically to an
English gold coin worth 22 shillings. (d) A fact; an item; as, a piece
of news; a piece of knowledge.
4. An individual; -- applied to a person as being of a certain nature
or quality; often, but not always, used slightingly or in contempt.
"If I had not been a piece of a logician before I came to him." Sir P.
Sidney.
Thy mother was a piece of virtue. Shak.
His own spirit is as unsettled a piece as there is in all the
world. Coleridge.
<-- a piece of cake, a task easily accomplished. a piece of work, a
disparaging term for a person considered to have an excess of some
undesirable quality; esp. difficult or eccentric person. Piece of ass
vulgar term for a woman, considered as a partner in sexual intercourse
-->
5. (Chess) One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn.
6. A castle; a fortified building. [Obs.] Spenser.
Of a piece, of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like;
-- sometimes followed by with. Dryden. -- Piece of eight, the Spanish
piaster, formerly divided into eight reals. -- To give a piece of
one's mind to, to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another).
Tackeray. -- Piece broker, one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth
to sell again. -- Piece goods, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed
portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like.
Piece
Piece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pieced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piecing (?).]
1. To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces;
to patch; as, to piece a garment; -- often with out. Shak.
2. To unite; to join; to combine. Fuller.
His adversaries . . . pieced themselves together in a joint
opposition against him. Fuller.
Piece
Piece (?), v. i. To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together;
to join. "It pieced better." Bacon.
Pieceless
Piece"less, a. Not made of pieces; whole; entire.
Piecely
Piece"ly, adv. In pieces; piecemeal. [Obs.]
Piecemeal
Piece"meal` (?), adv. [OE. pecemele; pece a piece + AS. m, dat. pl. of
m part. See Meal a portion.]
1. In pieces; in parts or fragments. "On which it piecemeal brake."
Chapman.
The beasts will tear thee piecemeal. Tennyson.
2. Piece by piece; by little and little in succession.
Piecemeal they win, this acre first, than that. Pope.
Piecemeal
Piece"meal`, a. Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate. "These
piecemeal guilts." Gov. of Tongue.
Piecemeal
Piece"meal`, n. A fragment; a scrap. R. Vaughan.
Piecemealed
Piece"mealed` (?), a. Divided into pieces.
Piecener
Piece"ner (?), n.
1. One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in woolen
mills.
2. Same as Piecer, 2.
Piecer
Pie"cer (?), n.
1. One who pieces; a patcher.
2. A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads.
Piecework
Piece"work` (?), n. Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a
rate based on the amount of work done, rather than on the time
employed.
The reaping was piecework, at so much per acre. R. Jefferies.
Pied
Pied (?), imp. & p. p. of Pi, or Pie, v.
Pied
Pied (?), a. [From Pie the party-colored bird.] Variegated with spots
of different colors; party-colored; spotted; piebald. "Pied coats."
Burton. "Meadows trim with daisies pied." Milton. Pied antelope
(Zo\'94l.), the bontebok. -- Pied-billed grebe (Zo\'94l.), the
dabchick. -- Pied blackbird (Zo\'94l.), any Asiatic thrush of the
genus Turdulus. -- Pied finch (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chaffinch. (b) The
snow bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pied flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), a common
European flycatcher (Ficedula atricapilla). The male is black and
white.
Piedmont
Pied"mont (?), a. [F. pied foot + mont mountain.] (Geol.) Noting the
region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain.
Piedmontite
Pied"mont*ite (?), n. (Min.) A manganesian kind of epidote, from
Piedmont. See Epidote.
Piedness
Pied"ness (?), n. The state of being pied. Shak.
Pi\'82douche
Pi\'82`douche" (?), n. [F., fr. It. peduccio console, corbel.] A
pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as busts,
vases, and the like.
Piedstall
Pied"stall (?), n. See Pedestal. [Obs.]
Pieman
Pie"man (?), n.; pl. Piemen (. A man who makes or sells pies.
Piend
Piend (?), n. [Cf. Dan. pind a peg.] See Peen.
Pieno
Pi*e"no (?), a. [It., fr. L. plenus full.] (Mus.) Full; having all the
instruments.
Pieplant
Pie"plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Rheum Rhaponticum) the leafstalks
of which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb.
Piepoudre, Piepowder
Pie"pou`dre, Pie"pow`der (?), n. [Lit., dustyfoot, i.e., dusty-footed
dealers, fr. F. pied foot + poudreux dusty.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient
court of record in England, formerly incident to every fair and
market, of which the steward of him who owned or had the toll was the
judge. Blackstone.
Pier
Pier (?), n. [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra,
Gr. Petrify.]
1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or
supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of
wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of
masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress.
2. A projecting wharf or landing place.
Abutment pier, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by
its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. -- Pier
glass, a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between
windows. -- Pier table, a table made to stand between windows.
Pierage
Pier"age (?), n. Same as Wharfage. Smart.
Pierce
Pierce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piercing
(?).] [OE. percen, F. percer, OF. percier, perchier, parchier; perh.
fr. (assumed) LL. pertusiare for pertusare, fr. L. pertundere,
pertusum, to beat, push, bore through; per through + tundere to beat:
cf. OF. pertuisier to pierce, F. pertuis a hole. Cf. Contuse, Parch,
Pertuse.]
1. To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument.
"I pierce . . . her tender side." Dryden.
2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass
into or through; as, to pierce the enemy's line; a shot pierced the
ship.
3. Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to pierce a mystery.
"Pierced with grief." Pope.
Can no prayers pierce thee? Shak.
Pierce
Pierce, v. i. To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through
something, as a pointed instrument does; -- used literally and
figuratively.
And pierced to the skin, but bit no more. Spenser.
She would not pierce further into his meaning. Sir P. Sidney.
Pierceable
Pierce"a*ble (?), a. That may be pierced.
Pierced
Pierced (?), a. Penetrated; entered; perforated.
Piercel
Pier"cel (?), n. [Cf. F. perce.] A kind of gimlet for making vents in
casks; -- called also piercer.
Piercer
Pier"cer (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, pierces or perforates; specifically: (a) An
instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto. (b) A piercel.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect. (b) An
insect provided with an ovipositor.
Piercing
Pier"cing (?), a. Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a
point; perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as,
a piercing instrument, or thrust. "Piercing eloquence." Shak. --
Pier"cing*ly, adv. -- Pier"cing*ness, n.
Pierian
Pi*e"ri*an (?), a. [L. Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly, sacred
to the Muses.] Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses.
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. Pope.
Pierid
Pi"er*id (?), n. [See Peirides.] (Zo\'94l.) Any butterfly of the genus
Pieris and related genera. See Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage.
Pierides
Pi*er"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. Pierian.] (Class. Myth.) The
Muses.
Piet
Pi"et (?), n. [Dim. of Pie a magpie: cf. F. piette a smew.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The dipper, or watter ouzel. [Scot.] (b) The magpie. [Prov.Eng.]
Jay piet (Zo\'94l.), the European jay. [Prov.Eng.] -- Sea piet
(Zo\'94l.), the oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.]
Piet\'85
Pi*e*t\'85" (?), n. [It.] (Fine Arts) A representation of the dead
Christ, attended by the Virgin Mary or by holy women and angels.
Mollett.
Pietism
Pi"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. G. pietismus, F. pi\'82tisme.]
1. The principle or practice of the Pietists.
2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion.
The Sch\'94ne Seele, that ideal of gentle pietism, in "Wilhelm
Meister." W. Pater.
Pietist
Pi"e*tist (?), n. [Cf. G. pietist, F. pi\'82tiste. See Piety.] (Eccl.
Hist.) One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th
century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant
churches; -- often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a
display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.
Pietistic, Pietistical
Pi`e*tis"tic (?), Pi`e*tis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the
Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious.
Addison.
Pietra dura
Pi*e"tra du"ra (?). [It., hard stone.] (Fine Arts) Hard and fine
stones in general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as
distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a
Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in pietra dura,
though the ground may be soft marble.
Piety
Pi"e*ty (?), n. [F. pi\'82t\'82; cf. It. piet\'85; both fr. L. pietas
piety, fr. pius pious. See Pious, and cf. Pity.]
1. Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of his
character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion
to his service.
Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man.
Rambler.
2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate
reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors,
country, etc.
Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to
have shown. Milton.
Syn. -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See
Religion.
Piewipe
Pie"wipe` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing,
or pewit. [Prov. Eng.] <-- piezo- piezo-electric -->
Piezometer
Pi`e*zom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. pi\'82zom\'8atre.]
1. (Physics) An instrument for measuring the compressibility of
liquids.
2. (Physics) A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure
at that point.
Piffero, Piffara
Pif"fe*ro (?), Pif"fa*ra (?), n. [It. piffero.] (Mus.) A fife; also, a
rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for reservoir.
Pig
Pig (?), n. A piggin. [Written also pigg.]
Pig
Pig, n. [Cf. D. big, bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige girl, Sw. piga,
Icel. p\'c6ka.]
1. The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a hog. "Two
pigges in a poke." Chaucer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any wild species of the genus Sus and related genera.
3. [Cf. Sow a channel for melted iron.] An oblong mass of cast iron,
lead, or other metal. See Mine pig, under Mine.
4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person. [Low]
Masked pig. (Zo\'94l.) See under Masked. -- Pig bed (Founding), the
bed of sand in which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into
pigs. -- Pig iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it
comes from the smelting furnace. See Pig, 4. -- Pig yoke (Naut.), a
nickname for a quadrant or sextant. -- A pig in a poke (that is, bag),
a blind bargain; something bought or bargained for, without the
quality or the value being known. [Colloq.]
Pig
Pig, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pigging
(?).]
1. To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to
farrow.
2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.
Pigeon
Pi"geon (?), n. [F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird,
fr. pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the order Columb\'91, of which numerous
species occur in nearly all parts of the world.
NOTE: &hand; Th e common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from
the Old World rock pigeon (Columba livia). It has given rise to
numerous very remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail,
nun, pouter, tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern
United States are the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See
under Passenger, and Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon,
Queen pigeon, Stock pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc.
2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [Slang]
Blue pigeon (Zo\'94l.), an Australian passerine bird (Graucalus
melanops); -- called also black-faced crow. -- Green pigeon
(Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging
to the family Treronid\'91. -- Imperial pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of
the large Asiatic fruit pigeons of the genus Carpophada. -- Pigeon
berry (Bot.), the purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the
plant itself. See Pokeweed. -- Pigeon English [perhaps a corruption of
business English], an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in
the commercial cities of China, as the medium of communication between
foreign merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture
of Portuguese and Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc.<-- pidgin English???
--> -- Pigeon grass (Bot.), a kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca),
of some value as fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and
other birds. -- Pigeon hawk. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small American falcon
(Falco columbarius). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked
with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown.
The tail is banded. (b) The American sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter
velox, OR fuscus). -- Pigeon hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a
pigeon house. (b) See Pigeonhole. (c) pl. An old English game, in
which balls were rolled through little arches. Halliwell. -- Pigeon
house, a dovecote. -- Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus;
a kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the
plant itself. -- Pigeon plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West
African species of Chrysobalanus (C. ellipticus and C. luteus). --
Pigeon tremex. (Zo\'94l.) See under Tremex. -- Pigeon wood (Bot.), a
name in the West Indies for the wood of several very different kinds
of trees, species of Dipholis, Diospyros, and Coccoloba. -- Pigeon
woodpecker (Zo\'94l.), the flicker. -- Prairie pigeon. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The upland plover. (b) The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1085
Pigeon
Pi"geon (?), v. t. To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in
gambling. [Slang] Smart.
He's pigeoned and undone. Observer.
Pigeon-breasted
Pi"geon-breast`ed (?), a. Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the
sternum being so prominent as to constitute a deformity;
chicken-breasted.
Pigeonfoot
Pi"geon*foot` (?), n. (Bot.) The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium
molle).
Pigeon-hearted
Pi"geon-heart`ed (?), a. Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted.
Beau. & Fl.
Pigeonhole
Pi"geon*hole` (?), n. A small compartment in a desk or case for the
keeping of letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance
of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke.
Pigeonhole
Pi"geon*hole`, v. t. To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet;
hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a
letter or a report.
Pigeon-livered
Pi"geon-liv`ered (?), a. Pigeon-hearted.
Pigeonry
Pi"geon*ry (?), n. A place for pigeons; a dovecote.
Pigeontoed
Pi"geon*toed` (?), a. Having the toes turned in.
Pig-eyed
Pig"-eyed` (?), a. Having small, deep-set eyes.
Pigfish
Pig"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of
salt-water grunts; -- called also hogfish. (b) A sculpin. The name is
also applied locally to several other fishes.
Pigfoot
Pig"foot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A marine fish (Scorp\'91na porcus),
native of Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and
black.
Pigg
Pigg (?), n. A piggin. See 1st Pig. Sir W. Scott.
Piggery
Pig"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Piggeries (. A place where swine are kept.
Piggin
Pig"gin (?), n. [Scot.; cf. Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh, pige, an
earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. pigin, pighead, W. piccyn.] A small
wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, -- often used
as a dipper.
Piggish
Pig"gish (?), a. Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.
Pig-headed
Pig"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively:
stupidity obstinate; perverse; stubborn. B. Jonson. --
Pig"-head`ed*ness, n.
Pight
Pight (?), imp. & p. p. of Pitch, to throw; -- used also adjectively.
Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.]
[His horse] pight him on the pommel of his head. Chaucer.
I found him pight to do it. Shak.
Pightel
Pigh"tel (?), n. [Cf. Pight, Picle.] A small inclosure. [Written also
pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Pig-jawed
Pig"-jawed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the upper jaw projecting beyond
the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of
dogs.
Pigmean
Pig*me"an (?), a. See Pygmean.
Pigment
Pig"ment (?), n. [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to paint: cf.
F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento, Orpiment.]
1. Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be
prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready
for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.
2. (Physiol.) Any one of the colored substances found in animal and
vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll,
etc.
3. Wine flavored with species and honey. Sir W. Scott.
Pigment cell (Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring matter, as
the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the
pigmented connective tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles,
etc.
Pigmental, Pigmentary
Pig*men"tal (?), Pig"men*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to pigments;
furnished with pigments. Dunglison. Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a
morbid condition in which an undue amount of pigment is deposited in
the tissues.
Pigmentation
Pig`men*ta"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A deposition, esp. an excessive
deposition, of coloring matter; as, pigmentation of the liver.
Pigmented
Pig"ment*ed (?), a. Colored; specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued
with pigment; as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented granules.
Pigmentous
Pig*men"tous (?), a. Pigmental.
Pigmy
Pig"my (?), n. See Pygmy. Pigmy falcon. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Falconet, 2
(a).
Pignerate
Pig"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. pigneratus, p.p. of pignerate to pledge.]
1. To pledge or pawn. [Obs.]
2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does. [Obs.]
Pignoration
Pig`no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr. pignerate
to pledge, fr. pignus, gen. -ous and -eris, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F.
pignoration.]
1. The act of pledging or pawning.
2. (Civil Law) The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge,
till satisfaction is made. Burrill.
Pignorative
Pig"no*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pignoratif.] Pledging, pawning. [R.]
Pignus
Pig"nus (?), n.; pl. Pignora (#). [L.] (Rom. Law) A pledge or pawn.
Pignut
Pig"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Groundnut (d). (b) The bitter-flavored
nut of a species of hickory (Carya glabra, OR porcina); also, the tree
itself.
Pigpen
Pig"pen` (?), n. A pen, or sty, for pigs.
Pigskin
Pig"skin` (?), n. The skin of a pig, -- used chiefly for making
saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle.
Pigsney
Pigs"ney (?), n. [Perh. a dim. of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw. piga; or
from E. pig's eye.] A word of endearment for a girl or woman. [Obs.]
[Written also pigsnie, pigsny, etc.] Chaucer.
Pig-sticking
Pig"-stick`ing (?), n. Boar hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians.
[Colloq.] Tackeray.
Pigsty
Pig"sty` (?), n.; pl. Pigsties (. A pigpen.
Pigtail
Pig"tail` (?), n.
1. The tail of a pig.
2. (Hair Dressing) A cue, or queue. J. & H. Smith.
3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.
The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail. Swift.
Pigtailed
Pig"tailed` (?), a. Having a tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed
baboon.
Pigweed
Pig"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name of several annual weeds. See
Goosefoot, and Lamb's-quarters.
Pigwidgeon
Pig"wid`geon (?), n. [Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.] A cant
word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of
a fairy.
Pika
Pi"ka (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of rodents of the
genus Lagomys, resembling small tailless rabbits. They inhabit the
high mountains of Asia and America. Called also calling hare, and
crying hare. See Chief hare.
Pike
Pike (?), n. [F. pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig a prick,
a point, beak, Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L. picus woodpecker (see
Pie magpie), and E. spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v., Peak, Pique.]
1. (Mil.) A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft
or staff, with a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the
bayonet.
2. A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or
target. Beau. & Fl.
3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.
4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Raymond.
5. A pointed or peaked hill. [R.]
6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
7. A turnpike; a toll bar. Dickens.
8. (Zo\'94l.) sing. & pl. A large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius),
found in Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called
also pickerel, gedd, luce, and jack.
NOTE: &hand; Blue pike, grass pike, green pike, wall-eyed pike, and
yellow pike, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See
Wall-eye.
Gar pike. See under Gar. -- Pike perch (Zo\'94l.), any fresh-water
fish of the genus Stizostedion (formerly Lucioperca). See Wall-eye,
and Sauger. -- Pike pole, a long pole with a pike in one end, used in
directing floating logs. -- Pike whale (Zo\'94l.), a finback whale of
the North Atlantic (Bal\'91noptera rostrata), having an elongated
snout; -- called also piked whale. -- Sand pike (Zo\'94l.), the lizard
fish. -- Sea pike (Zo\'94l.), the garfish (a).
Piked
Piked (?), a. Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked;
pointed. "With their piked targets bearing them down." Milton.
Pike-devant
Pike`-de*vant" (?), n. [Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F. devant before.]
A pointed beard. [Obs.]
Pikelet, Pikelin
Pike"let (?), Pike"lin (?), n. A light, thin cake or muffin. [Prov.
Eng.] Wright.
Pikeman
Pike"man (?), n.; pl. Pikeman (.
1. A soldier armed with a pike. Knolles.
2. A miner who works with a pick. Beaconsfield.
3. A keeper of a turnpike gate. T. Hughes.
Pikestaff
Pike"staff` (?), n.
1. The staff, or shaft, of a pike.
2. A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping.
Sir W. Scott.
Piketail
Pike"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pintail, 1.
Pikrolite
Pik"ro*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Picrolite.
Pilage
Pi"lage (?), n. See Pelage.
Pilaster
Pi*las"ter (?), n. [F. pilastre, It. pilastro, LL. pilastrum, fr. L.
pila a pillar. See Pillar.] (Arch.) An upright architectural member
right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but
architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and
base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most
cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.
Pilastered
Pi*las"tered (?), a. Furnished with pilasters.
Pilau
Pi*lau" (?), n. See Pillau.
Pilch
Pilch (?), n. [AS. pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia. See Pelisse, and Pelt
skin.] A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur.
[Obs.]
Pilchard
Pil"chard (?), n. [Cf. It. pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.] (Zo\'94l.) A
small European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring,
but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the
coast of England.
Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings. Shak.
Pilcher
Pilch"er (?), n. [From Pilch.] A scabbard, as of a sword. [Obs.] Shak.
Pilcher
Pilch"er, n. (Zo\'94l.) The pilchard.
Pilcrow
Pil"crow (?), n. [A corruption of Paragraph.] (Print.) a paragraph
mark, ¶. [Obs.] Tusser.
Pile
Pile (?), n. [L. pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.]
1. A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the
nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet.
Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile. Cowper.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A covering of hair or fur.
Pile
Pile, n. [L. pilum javelin. See Pile a stake.] The head of an arrow or
spear. [Obs.] Chapman.
Pile
Pile, n. [AS. p\'c6l arrow, stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also L.
pila pillar.]
1. A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the
earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is
soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure,
or to form a cofferdam, etc.
NOTE: &hand; Tubular iron piles are now much used.
2. [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having
the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end
uppermost.
Pile bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles. --
Pile cap, a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles. --
Pile driver, OR Pile engine, an apparatus for driving down piles,
consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for
raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of
gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. --
Pile dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake. -- Pile plank (Hydraul.
Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See Sheet piling,
under Piling. -- Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic. -- Screw pile,
one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by
pressure.
Pile
Pile, v. t. To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen
with piles. To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or around. See
Sheet piling, under 2nd Piling.
Pile
Pile, n. [F. pile, L. pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf.
Pillar.]
1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of stones; a
pile of wood.
2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot.
3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden.
4. A large building, or mass of buildings.
The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight. Dryden.
5. (Iron Manuf.) Same as Fagot, n., 2.
6. (Elec.) A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar
metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper
moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of
electricity; -- commonly called Volta's pile, voltaic pile, or
galvanic pile.
NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is so metimes ap plied to ot her forms of
apparatus designed to produce a current of electricity, or as
synonymous with battery; as, for instance, to an apparatus for
generating a current of electricity by the action of heat, usually
called a thermopile.
7. [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L. pila a pillar.] The reverse of a
coin. See Reverse.
Cross and pile. See under Cross. -- Dry pile. See under Dry.
Pile
Pile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piling.]
1. To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a
mass; to accumulate; to amass; -- often with up; as, to pile up wood.
"Hills piled on hills." Dryden. "Life piled on life." Tennyson.
The labor of an age in piled stones. Milton.
2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to
load.
To pile arms OR muskets (Mil.), to place three guns together so that
they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.
Pileate, Pileated
Pi"le*ate (?), Pi"le*a`ted (?), a. [L. pileatus, fr. pileus a felt cap
or hat.]
1. Having the form of a cap for the head.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the
head.
Pileated woodpecker (Zo\'94l.), a large American woodpecker
(Ceophloeus pileatus). It is black, with a bright red pointed crest.
Called also logcock, and woodcock.
Piled
Piled (?), a. [From 2d Pile.] Having a pile or point; pointed. [Obs.]
"Magus threw a spear well piled." Chapman.
Piled
Piled, a. [From 1d Pile.] Having a pile or nap. "Three-piled velvet."
L. Barry (1611).
Piled
Piled, a. [From 6d Pile.] (Iron Manuf.) Formed from a pile or fagot;
as, piled iron.
Pileiform
Pi*le"i*form (?), a. [Pileus + -form.] Having the form of a pileus or
cap; pileate.
Pilement
Pile"ment (?), n. [From Pile to lay into a heap.] An accumulation; a
heap. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1086
Pilentum
Pi*len"tum (?), n.; pl. Pilenta (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) An easy
chariot or carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which the vessels,
etc., for sacred rites were carried.
Pileorhiza
Pi`le*o*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. Pilorhiz\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
cap of cells which covers the growing extremity of a root; a rootcap.
Pileous
Pi"le*ous (?), a. [See Pilous.] Consisting of, or covered with, hair;
hairy; pilose.
Piler
Pil"er (?), n. One who places things in a pile.
Piles
Piles (?), n. pl. [L. pila a ball. Cf. Pill a medicine.] (Med.) The
small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part
of the rectum which are technically called hemorrhoids. See
Hemorrhoids.
NOTE: [The singular pile is sometimes used.]
Blind piles, hemorrhoids which do not bleed.
Pileus
Pi"le*us (?), n.; pl. Pilei (#). [L., a felt cap.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A kind of skull cap of felt.
2. (Bot.) The expanded upper portion of many of the fungi. See
Mushroom.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the
nape.
Pileworm
Pile"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The teredo.
Pile-worn
Pile"-worn` (?), a. Having the pile worn off; threadbare.
Pilewort
Pile"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Ranunculus Ficaria of Linn\'91us)
whose tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the
piles. Forsyth.
Pilfer
Pil"fer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pilfered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pilfering.] [OF. pelfrer. See Pelf.] To steal in small quantities, or
articles of small value; to practice petty theft.
Pilfer
Pil"fer, v. t. To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by
little.
And not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace that age
would gladly keep. Cowper.
Pilferer
Pil"fer*er (?), n. One who pilfers; a petty thief.
Pilfering
Pil"fer*ing, a. Thieving in a small way. Shak. -- n. Petty theft. --
Pil"fer*ing*ly, adv.
Pilfery
Pil"fer*y (?), n. Petty theft. [R.] Sir T. North.
Pilgarlic
Pil*gar"lic (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] One who has lost his hair by
disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.
Pilgrim
Pil"grim (?), n. [OE. pilgrim, pelgrim, pilegrim, pelegrim; cf. D.
pelgrim, OHG. piligr\'c6m, G. pilger, F. p\'8alerin, It. pellegrino;
all fr. L. peregrinus a foreigner, fr. pereger abroad; per through +
ager land, field. See Per-, and Acre, and cf. Pelerine, Peregrine.]
1. A wayfarer; a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger.
Strangers and pilgrims on the earth. Heb. xi. 13.
2. One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place
or shrine as a devotee; as, a pilgrim to Loretto; Canterbury pilgrims.
See Palmer. P. Plowman.
Pilgrim
Pil"grim, a. Of or pertaining to a pilgrim, or pilgrims; making
pilgrimages. "With pilgrim steps." Milton. Pilgrim fathers, a name
popularly given to the one hundred and two English colonists who
landed from the Mayflower and made the first settlement in New England
at Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists from the Church of England,
and most of them had sojourned in Holland.
Pilgrim
Pil"grim, v. i. To journey; to wander; to ramble. [R.] Grew. Carlyle.
Pilgrimage
Pil"grim*age (?), n. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F.
p\'8alerinage.]
1. The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to
a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. Shak.
The days of the years of my pilgrimage. Gen. xlvii. 9.
2. A tedious and wearisome time.
In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage. Shak.
Syn. -- Journey; tour; excursion. See Journey.
Pilgrimize
Pil"grim*ize (?), v. i. To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.
Pilidium
Pi*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pildia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain nemertean worms. It has no
resemblance to its parent, and the young worm develops in its
interior.
Pilifera
Pi*lif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Piliferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Mammalia.
Piliferous
Pi*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -ferous: cf. F. pilif\'8are.]
1. Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair.
2. Beset with hairs.
Piliform
Pil"i*form (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling hairs or
down.
Piligerous
Pi*lig"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -gerous: cf. F. pilig\'8are.]
Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous.
Piling
Pil"ing (?), n. [See Pile a heap.]
1. The act of heaping up.
2. (Iron Manuf.) The process of building up, heating, and working,
fagots, or piles, to form bars, etc.
Piling
Pil"ing, n. [See Pile a stake.] A series of piles; piles considered
collectively; as, the piling of a bridge. Pug piling, sheet piles
connected together at the edges by dovetailed tongues and grooves. --
Sheet piling, a series of piles made of planks or half logs driven
edge to edge, -- used to form the walls of cofferdams, etc.
Pill
Pill (?), n. [Cf. Peel skin, or Pillion.] The peel or skin. [Obs.]
"Some be covered over with crusts, or hard pills, as the locusts."
Holland.
Pill
Pill, v. i. To be peeled; to peel off in flakes.
Pill
Pill, v. t. [Cf. L. pilare to deprive of hair, and E. pill, n.
(above).]
1. To deprive of hair; to make bald. [Obs.]
2. To peel; to make by removing the skin.
[Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods. Gen. xxx. 37.
Pill
Pill (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pilling.] [F. piller, L. pilare; cf. It. pigliare to take. Cf. Peel to
plunder.] To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See Peel, to
plunder. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to pill and to rob.
Sir T. Malroy.
Pill
Pill (?), n. [F. pilute, L. pilula a pill, little ball, dim. of L.
pila a ball. Cf. Piles.]
1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or small round mass, to be
swallowed whole.
2. Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be
accepted or endured.<-- esp., as bitter pill --> Udall.
Pill beetle (Zo\'94l.), any small beetle of the genus Byrrhus, having
a rounded body, with the head concealed beneath the thorax. -- Pill
bug (Zo\'94l.), any terrestrial isopod of the genus Armadillo, having
the habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also
pill wood louse.<-- poison pill Fig., anything accompanying a
desirable object or action, which makes it deleterious to him who
accepts it; esp. (Finance) a provision in the regulations or financial
structure (as indebtedness) of a company which makes the company
undesirable as a target for a hostile takeover -->
Pillage
Pil"lage (?), n. [F., fr. piller to plunder. See Pill to plunder.]
1. The act of pillaging; robbery. Shak.
2. That which is taken from another or others by open force,
particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty.
Which pillage they with merry march bring home. Shak.
Syn. -- Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation. -- Pillage, Plunder.
Pillage refers particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of
their goods, while plunder refers to the removal of the things thus
taken; but the words are freely interchanged.
Pillage
Pil"lage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pillaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pillaging
(?).] To strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to
spoil; to lay waste; as, to pillage the camp of an enemy.
Mummius . . . took, pillaged, and burnt their city. Arbuthnot.
Pillage
Pil"lage, v. i. To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage.
They were suffered to pillage wherever they went. Macaulay.
Pillager
Pil"la*ger (?), n. One who pillages. Pope.
Pillar
Pil"lar (?), n. [OE. pilerF. pilier, LL. pilare, pilarium, pilarius,
fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pile a heap.]
1. The general and popular term for a firm, upright, insulated support
for a superstructure; a pier, column, or post; also, a column or shaft
not supporting a superstructure, as one erected for a monument or an
ornament.
Jacob set a pillar upon her grave. Gen. xxxv. 20.
The place . . . vast and proud, Supported by a hundred pillars
stood. Dryden.
2. Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar in appearance,
character, or office; a supporter or mainstay; as, the Pillars of
Hercules; a pillar of the state. "You are a well-deserving pillar."
Shak.
By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire. Milton.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a
cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church. [Obs.] Skelton.
4. (Man.) The center of the volta, ring, or manege ground, around
which a horse turns.
From pillar to post, hither and thither; to and fro; from one place or
predicament to another; backward and forward. [Colloq.] -- Pillar
saint. See Stylite. -- Pillars of the fauces. See Fauces, 1.
Pillar
Pil"lar, a. (Mach.) Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead
of legs; as, a pillar drill.
Pillar-block
Pil"lar-block` (?), n. See under Pillow.
Pillared
Pil"lared (?), a. Supported or ornamented by pillars; resembling a
pillar, or pillars. "The pillared arches." Sir W. Scott. "Pillared
flame." Thomson.
Pillaret
Pil"lar*et (?), n. A little pillar. [R.] Fuller.
Pillarist
Pil"lar*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) See Stylite.
Pillau
Pil*lau" (?), n. [Per. & Turk. pilau.] An Oriental dish consisting of
rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter. [Written also pilau.]
Pilled
Pilled (?), a. [See 3rd Pill.] Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald.
[Obs.] "Pilled beard." Chaucer.
Pilled-garlic
Pilled"-gar"lic (?), n. See Pilgarlic.
Piller
Pill"er (?), n. One who pills or plunders. [Obs.]
Pillery
Pill"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pilleries (. Plunder; pillage. [Obs.] Daniel.
Pillion
Pil"lion (?), n. [Ir. pillin, pilliun (akin to Gael. pillean, pillin),
fr. Ir. & Gael. pill, peall, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L. pellis. See
Pell, n., Fell skin.] A panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or
cushion of saddle; esp., a pad or cushion put on behind a man's
saddle, on which a woman may ride.
His [a soldier's] shank pillion without stirrups. Spenser.
Pillorize
Pil"lo*rize (?), v. t. To set in, or punish with, the pillory; to
pillory. [R.]
Pillory
Pil"lo*ry (?), n.; pl. Pillories (#). [F. pilori; cf. Pr. espitlori,
LL. piloricum, pilloricum, pellericum, pellorium, pilorium, spilorium;
perhaps from a derivative of L. speculari to look around, observe. Cf.
Speculate.] A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having
holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so
as to be exposed in front of it. Shak.
Pillory
Pil"lo*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pilloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pillorying.] [Cf. F. pilorier.]
1. To set in, or punish with, the pillory. "Hungering for Puritans to
pillory." Macaulay.
2. Figuratively, to expose to public scorn. Gladstone.
Pillow
Pil"low (?), n. [OE. pilwe, AS. pyle, fr. L. pilvinus.]
1. Anything used to support the head of a person when reposing;
especially, a sack or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other
soft material.
[Resty sloth] finds the down pillow hard. Shak.
2. (Mach.) A piece of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize
pressure; a brass; a pillow block. [R.]
3. (Naut.) A block under the inner end of a bowsprit.
4. A kind of plain, coarse fustian.
Lace pillow, a cushion used in making hand-wrought lace. -- Pillow
bier [OE. pilwebere; cf. LG. b\'81re a pillowcase], a pillowcase;
pillow slip. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Pillow block (Mach.), a block, or
standard, for supporting a journal, as of a shaft. It is usually
bolted to the frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished
with journal boxes, and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the
bearings by means of bolts; -- called also pillar block, or plumber
block. -- Pillow lace, handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace
pillow. -- Pillow of a plow, a crosspiece of wood which serves to
raise or lower the beam. -- Pillow sham, an ornamental covering laid
over a pillow when not in use. -- Pillow slip, a pillowcase.
Pillow
Pil"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pillowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pillowing.] To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; as,
to pillow the head.
Pillows his chin upon an orient wave. Milton.
Pillowcase
Pil"low*case` (?), n. A removable case or covering for a pillow,
usually of white linen or cotton cloth.
Pillowed
Pil"lowed (?), a. Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head
resting on, or as on, a pillow.
Pillowedon buckler cold and hard. Sir W. Scott.
Pillowy
Pil"low*y (?), a. Like a pillow. Keats.
Pill-willet
Pill"-wil`let (?), n. [So named from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The willet.
Pillworm
Pill"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any myriapod of the genus Iulus and
allied genera which rolls up spirally; a galleyworm. See Illust. under
Myriapod.
Pillwort
Pill"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Pilularia; minute
aquatic cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; -- sometimes called
peppergrass.
Pilocarpine
Pi`lo*car"pine (?), n. [From NL. Pilocarpus pennatifolius jaborandi;
L. pilus hair + Gr. pilocarpine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from
jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennatifolius) as a white amorphous or
crystalline substance which has a peculiar effect on the vasomotor
system.
Pilose
Pi*lose" (?), a. [L. pilosus, fr. pilus hair. See Pile.]
1. Hairy; full of, or made of, hair.
The heat-retaining property of the pilose covering. Owen.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Clothed thickly with pile or soft down.
3. (Bot.) Covered with long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs;
hairy; as, pilose pubescence.
Pilosity
Pi*los"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pilosit\'82.] The quality or state of
being pilose; hairiness. Bacon.
Pilot
Pi"lot (?), n. [F. pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet, sounding
lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a
sort of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E. lead. The pilot,
then, is the lead man, i.e., he who throws the lead. See Pail, and
Lead a metal.]
1. (Naut.) One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a steersman.
Dryden.
2. Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority,
to conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a
fixed rate of fees.
3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or
unknown course.
4. An instrument for detecting the compass error.
5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive. [U.S.]
Pilot balloon, a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to
show the direction and force of the wind. -- Pilot bird. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A bird found near the Caribbee Islands; -- so called because its
presence indicates to mariners their approach to these islands. Crabb.
(b) The black-bellied plover. [Local, U.S.] -- Pilot boat, a strong,
fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive pilots as they board and
leave vessels. -- Pilot bread, ship biscuit. -- Pilot cloth, a coarse,
stout kind of cloth for overcoats. -- Pilot engine, a locomotive going
in advance of a train to make sure that the way is clear. -- Pilot
fish. (Zo\'94l) (a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates ductor); -- so
named because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near
a ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to
the shark. (b) The rudder fish (Seriola zonata). -- Pilot jack, a flag
or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot. -- Pilot jacket, a pea
jacket. -- Pilot nut (Bridge Building), a conical nut applied
temporarily to the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and
guide the pin when it is driven into a hole. Waddell. -- Pilot snake
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A large North American snake (Coluber obsoleus). It is
lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called also
mountain black snake. (b) The pine snake. -- Pilot whale. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Blackfish, 1.
Pilot
Pi"lot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Piloting.] [Cf.
F. piloter.]
1. To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is
dangerous.
2. Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties. "The
art of piloting a state." Berkeley. <-- to operate (an airlane) -->
Pilotage
Pi"lot*age (?), n. [Cf. F. pilotage.]
1. The pilot's skill or knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and
channels. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
2. The compensation made or allowed to a pilot.
3. Guidance, as by a pilot. Sir W. Scott.
Pilotism, Pilotry
Pi"lot*ism (?), Pi"lot*ry (?), n. Pilotage; skill in the duties of a
pilot. [R.]
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Page 1087
Pilour
Pil"our (?), n. A piller; a plunderer. [Obs.]
Pilous
Pil"ous (?), a. See Pilose.
Pilser
Pil"ser (?), n. An insect that flies into a flame.
Pilular
Pil"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or
pills; as, a pilular mass.
Pilulous
Pil"u*lous (?), a. [L. pilula a pill. See Pill.] Like a pill; small;
insignificant. [R.] G. Eliot.
Pilwe
Pil"we (?), n. A pillow. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pily
Pi"ly (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like pile or wool.
Pimaric
Pi*mar"ic (?), a. [NL. pinum maritima, an old name for P. Pinaster, a
pine which yields galipot.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an
acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic acid.
Pimelic
Pi*mel"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a
substance obtained from certain fatty substances, and subsequently
shown to be a mixture of suberic and adipic acids. (b) Designating the
acid proper (C5H10(CO2/H)2) which is obtained from camphoric acid.
Pimelite
Pim"e*lite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) An apple-green mineral having a greasy
feel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia, and
iron.
Piment
Pi"ment (?), n. [F. See Pimento.] Wine flavored with spice or honey.
See Pigment, 3. [Obs.]
Pimenta
Pi*men"ta (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pimento.
Pimento
Pi*men"to (?), n. [Sp. pimiento, pimienta; cf. Pg. pimenta, F. piment;
all fr. L. pigmentum a paint, pigment, the juice of plants; hence,
something spicy and aromatic. See Pigment.] (Bot.) Allspice; --
applied both to the tree and its fruit. See Allspice.
Pimlico
Pim"li*co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The friar bird.
Pimp
Pimp (?), n. [Cf. F. pimpant smart, sparkish; perh. akin to piper to
pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf. Pipe.] One who provides
gratification for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander. Swift.
Pimp
Pimp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pimped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pimping.] To
procure women for the gratification of others' lusts; to pander.
Dryden.
Pimpernel
Pim"per*nel (?), n. [F. pimprenelle; cf. Sp. pimpinela, It.
pimpinella; perh. from LL. bipinnella, for bipinnula two-winged,
equiv. to L. bipennis; bis twice + penna feather, wing. Cf. Pen a
feather.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Anagallis, of which one species
(A. arvensis) has small flowers, usually scarlet, but sometimes
purple, blue, or white, which speedily close at the approach of bad
weather. Water pimpernel. (Bot.) See Brookweed.
Pimpillo
Pim"pil*lo (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian name for the prickly pear
(Opuntia); -- called also pimploes.
Pimpinel
Pim"pi*nel (?), n. [See Pimpernel.] (Bot.) The burnet saxifrage. See
under Saxifrage.
Pimping
Pimp"ing (?), a. [Cf. G. pimpelig, pimpelnd, sickly, weak.]
1. Little; petty; pitiful. [Obs.] Crabbe.
2. Puny; sickly. [Local, U.S.]
Pimple
Pim"ple (?), n. [AS. p\'c6pelian to blister; cf. L. papula pimple.]
1. (Med.) Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going
on to suppuration or not. "All eyes can see a pimple on her nose."
Pope.
2. Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a pimple. "A pimple that
portends a future sprout." Cowper.
Pimpled
Pim"pled (?), a. Having pimples. Johnson.
Pimply
Pim"ply (?), a. Pimpled.
Pimpship
Pimp"ship (?), n. The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp. [R.]
Pin
Pin (?), v. t. (Metal Working) To peen.
Pin
Pin (?), v. t. [Cf. Pen to confine, or Pinfold.] To inclose; to
confine; to pen; to pound.
Pin
Pin, n. [OE. pinne, AS. pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G. pinne, Icel.
pinni, W. pin, Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L. pinna a pinnacle, pin,
feather, perhaps orig. a different word from pinna feather. Cf. Fin of
a fish, Pen a feather.]
1. A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally cylindrical, used for
fastening separate articles together, or as a support by which one
article may be suspended from another; a peg; a bolt.
With pins of adamant And chains they made all fast. Milton.
2. Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or other
wire (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching
papers, etc.
3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.
He . . . did not care a pin for her. Spectator.
4. That which resembles a pin in its form or use; as: (a) A peg in
musical instruments, for increasing or relaxing the tension of the
strings. (b) A linchpin. (c) A rolling-pin. (d) A clothespin. (e)
(Mach.) A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which
serves as a journal. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle. (f)
(Joinery) The tenon of a dovetail joint.
5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark
how much each man should drink.
6. The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center. [Obs.]
"The very pin of his heart cleft." Shak.
7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] "In merry pin." Cowper.
8. (Med.) Caligo. See Caligo. Shak.
9. An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a
pin; as, a Masonic pin.
10. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang]
Banking pin (Horol.), a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit
its motion. -- Pin drill (Mech.), a drill with a central pin or
projection to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a
recess for the head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore. -- Pin grass.
(Bot.) See Alfilaria. -- Pin hole, a small hole made by a pin; hence,
any very small aperture or perforation. -- Pin lock, a lock having a
cylindrical bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are used
instead of tumblers. -- Pin money, an allowance of money, as that made
by a husband to his wife, for private and personal expenditure. -- Pin
rail (Naut.), a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold belaying
pins. Sometimes applied to the fife rail. Called also pin rack. -- Pin
wheel. (a) A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical pins.
(b) (Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes
a wheel of yellow or colored fire. <-- a toy with lightweight, usually
brightly colored vanes, as of plastic, which revolve on a pin at the
end of a stick, when acted on by a wind -->
Pin
Pin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinning.]
[See Pin, n.] To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to pin a
garment; to pin boards together. "Aa if she would pin her to her
heart." Shak. To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to trust to.
Pi\'a4a cloth
Pi"\'a4a cloth` (?). A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs,
handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and
perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and
transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.
Pinacoid
Pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Crystallog.) A plane parallel to two
of the crystalline axes.
Pinacolin
Pi*nac"o*lin (?), n. [Pinacone + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless
oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition
of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which
pinacolin proper is the type. [Written also pinacoline.]
Pinacone
Pin"a*cone (?), n. [From Gr. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance
related to the glycols, and made from acetone; hence, by extension,
any one of a series of substances of which pinacone proper is the
type. [Written also pinakone.]
Pinacotheca
Pin`a*co*the"ca (?), n. [L. pinacotheca, fr. Gr. A picture gallery.
Pinafore
Pin"a*fore` (?), n. [Pin + afore.] An apron for a child to protect the
front part of dress; a tier.
Pinakothek
Pin"a*ko*thek` (?), n. [G.] Pinacotheca.
Pinaster
Pi*nas"ter (?), n. [L., fr. pinus a pine.] (Bot.) A species of pine
(Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern Europe.
Pinax
Pi"nax (?), n.; pl. Pinaces (#). [L., fr. Gr. A tablet; a register;
hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Pince-nez
Pince`-nez" (?), n. [F. pincer to pinch + nez nose.] Eyeglasses kept
on the nose by a spring.
Pincers
Pin"cers (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch. See
Pinch, Pinchers.] See Pinchers.
Pinch
Pinch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinching.]
[F. pincer, probably fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G. pfetzen to
cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. Piece.]
1. To press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between
teeth or claws, or between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or
compress, as between any two hard bodies.
2. o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of animals. [Obs.]
He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down. Chapman.
3. To plait. [Obs.]
Full seemly her wimple ipinched was. Chaucer.
4. Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to
distress; as, to be pinched for money.
Want of room . . . pinching a whole nation. Sir W. Raleigh.
5. To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See
Pinch, n., 4.
Pinch
Pinch, v. i.
1. To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; as, the shoe
pinches."
2. (Hunt.) To take hold; to grip, as a dog does. [Obs.]
3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous. Gower.
The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare. Franklin.
To pinch at, to find fault with; to take exception to. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pinch
Pinch, n.
1. A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an
instrument; a nip.
2. As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very
small quantity; as, a pinch of snuff.
3. Pian; pang. "Necessary's sharp pinch." Shak.
4. A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, --
used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also pinch bar.
At a pinch, On a pinch, in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read
a little Latin.<-- in a pinch -->
Pinchbeck
Pinch"beck (?), n. [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf. It.
prencisbecco.] An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow
metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It
is much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap
jewelry.
Pinchbeck
Pinch"beck, a. Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal. "A
pinchbeck throne." J. A. Symonds.
Pinchcock
Pinch"cock` (?), n. A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of
a fluid through the pipe.
Pinchem
Pin"chem (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Pincher
Pinch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pinches.
Pinchers
Pinch"ers (?), n. pl. [From Pinch.] An instrument having two handles
and two grasping jaws working on a pivot; -- used for griping things
to be held fast, drawing nails, etc.
NOTE: &hand; Th is sp elling is pr eferable to pi ncers, bo th on
account of its derivation from the English pinch, and because it
represents the common pronunciation.
Pinchfist
Pinch"fist` (?), n. A closefisted person; a miser.
Pinching
Pinch"ing, a. Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching
cold; a pinching parsimony. Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n.,
4. -- Pinching nut, a check nut. See under Check, n.
Pinchingly
Pinch"ing*ly, adv. In a pinching way.
Pinchpenny
Pinch"pen`ny (?), n. A miserly person.
Pincoffin
Pin"coff*in (?), n. [From Pincoff, an English manufacturer.] A
commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints.
Pincpinc
Pinc"pinc` (?), n. [Named from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) An African wren
warbler. (Drymoica textrix).
Pincushion
Pin"cush`ion (?), n. A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for
use.
Pindal, Pindar
Pin"dal (?), Pin"dar (?), n. [D. piendel.] (Bot.) The peanut (Arachis
hypog\'91a); -- so called in the West Indies.
Pindaric
Pin*dar"ic (?), a. [L. Pindaricus, Gr. Pindarus) Pindar: cf. F.
pindarique.] Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after
the style and manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes. -- n. A Pindaric
ode.
Pindarical
Pin*dar"ic*al (?), a. Pindaric.
Too extravagant and Pindarical for prose. Cowley.
Pindarism
Pin"dar*ism (?), n. Imitation of Pindar.
Pindarist
Pin"dar*ist, n. One who imitates Pindar.
Pinder
Pin"der (?), n. [AS. pyndan to pen up, fr. pund a pound.] One who
impounds; a poundkeeper. [Obs.]
Pine
Pine (?), n. [AS. p\'c6n, L. poena penalty. See Pain.] Woe; torment;
pain. [Obs.] "Pyne of hell." Chaucer.
Pine
Pine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pining.] [AS.
p\'c6nan to torment, fr. p\'c6n torment. See 1st Pine, Pain, n. & v.]
1. To inflict pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Shak.
That people that pyned him to death. Piers Plowman.
One is pined in prison, another tortured on the rack. Bp. Hall.
2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.] Milton.
Pine
Pine, v. i.
1. To suffer; to be afflicted. [Obs.]
2. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or
anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with away. "The roses wither
and the lilies pine." Tickell.
3. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something;
-- usually followed by for.
For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. Shak.
Syn. -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.
Pine
Pine, n. [AS. p\'c6n, L. pinus.]
1. (Bot.) Any tree of the coniferous genus Pinus. See Pinus.
NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e ab out tw enty-eight species in the United
States, of which the white pine (P. Strobus), the Georgia pine (P.
australis), the red pine (P. resinosa), and the great West Coast
sugar pine (P. Lambertiana) are among the most valuable. The Scotch
pine or fir, also called Norway or Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is
the only British species. The nut pine is any pine tree, or species
of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See Pinon. The spruces,
firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered pines,
are now commonly assigned to other genera.
2. The wood of the pine tree.
3. A pineapple.
Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground. -- Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a
beautiful coniferous tree, the Araucaria excelsa. -- Pine barren, a
tract of infertile land which is covered with pines. [Southern U.S.]
-- Pine borer (Zo\'94l.), any beetle whose larv\'91 bore into pine
trees. -- Pine finch. (Zo\'94l.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary. --
Pine grosbeak (Zo\'94l.), a large grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator),
which inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male
is more or less tinged with red. -- Pine lizard (Zo\'94l.), a small,
very active, mottled gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), native of the
Middle States; -- called also swift, brown scorpion, and alligator. --
Pine marten. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European weasel (Mustela martes), called
also sweet marten, and yellow-breasted marten. (b) The American sable.
See Sable. -- Pine moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of
small tortricid moths of the genus Retinia, whose larv\'91 burrow in
the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage. --
Pine mouse (Zo\'94l.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola pinetorum),
native of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests. -- Pine needle
(Bot.), one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See
Pinus. -- Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below). -- Pine oil, an oil
resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in
making varnishes and colors. -- Pine snake (Zo\'94l.), a large
harmless North American snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish,
covered with brown blotches having black margins. Called also bull
snake. The Western pine snake (P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled
with black and orange. -- Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus;
pine. -- Pine-tree money, money coined in Massachusetts in the
seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine
tree. -- Pine weevil (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of
weevils whose larv\'91 bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species
are known in both Europe and America, belonging to the genera
Pissodes, Hylobius, etc. -- Pine wool, a fiber obtained from pine
needles by steaming them. It is prepared on a large scale in some of
the Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic arts; --
called also pine-needle wool, and pine-wood wool.
Pineal
Pi"ne*al (?), a. [L. pinea the cone of a pine, from pineus of the
pine, from pinus a pine: cf. F. pin\'82ale.] Of or pertaining to a
pine cone; resembling a pine cone. Pineal gland (Anat.), a glandlike
body in the roof of the third ventricle of the vertebrate brain; --
called also pineal body, epiphysis, conarium. In some animals it is
connected with a rudimentary eye, the so-called pineal eye, and in
other animals it is supposed to be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1088
Pineapple
Pine"ap`ple (?), n. (Bot.) A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also,
its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape
and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is
unknown, though conjectured to be American.
Pineaster
Pine`as"ter (?), n. See Pinaster.
Pine-clad, Pine-crowned
Pine"-clad` (?), Pine"-crowned` (?), a. Clad or crowned with pine
trees; as, pine-clad hills.
Pinedrops
Pine"drops` (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish herb (Pterospora andromedea) of
the United States, found parasitic on the roots of pine trees.
Pinefinch
Pine"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small American bird (Spinus, OR
Chrysomitris, spinus); -- called also pine siskin, and American
siskin. (b) The pine grosbeak.
Pinenchyma
Pi*nen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma, as in parenchyma.]
(Bot.) Tabular parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in which the
cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.
Pinery
Pin"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pineries (.
1. A pine forest; a grove of pines.
2. A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.
Pinesap
Pine"sap` (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish fleshy herb of the genus Monotropa
(M. hypopitys), formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine
trees, but more probably saprophytic.
Pinetum
Pi*ne"tum (?), n. [L., a pine grove.] A plantation of pine trees;
esp., a collection of living pine trees made for ornamental or
scientific purposes.
Pineweed
Pine"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb
(Hypericum Sarothra), common in sandy soil in the Eastern United
States.
Piney
Pin"ey (?), a. See Piny.
Piney
Pin"ey, a. [Of East Indian origin.] A term used in designating an East
Indian tree (the Vateria Indica or piney tree, of the order
Dipterocarpe\'91, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its products. Piney
dammar, Piney resin, Piney varnish, a pellucid, fragrant, acrid,
bitter resin, which exudes from the piney tree (Vateria Indica) when
wounded. It is used as a varnish, in making candles, and as a
substitute for incense and for amber. Called also liquid copal, and
white dammar. -- Piney tallow, a solid fatty substance, resembling
tallow, obtained from the roasted seeds of the Vateria Indica; called
also dupada oil. -- Piney thistle (Bot.), a plant (Atractylis
gummifera), from the bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance
exudes.
Pin-eyed
Pin"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the stigma visible at the throad of a
gamopetalous corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; --
said of dimorphous flowers. The opposite of thrum-eyed.
Pinfeather
Pin"feath`er (?), n. A feather not fully developed; esp., a
rudimentary feather just emerging through the skin.
Pinfeathered
Pin"feath`ered (?), a. Having part, or all, of the feathers
imperfectly developed.
Pinfish
Pin"fish` (?), n. [So called from their sharp dorsal spines.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The sailor's choice (Diplodus, OR Lagodon, rhomboides).
(b) The salt-water bream (Diplodus Holbrooki).
NOTE: &hand; Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of
the United States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied
to other allied species.
Pinfold
Pin"fold` (?), n. [For pindfold. See Pinder, Pound an inclosure, and
Fold an inclosure.] A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals
are confined; a pound; a penfold. Shak.
A parish pinfold begirt by its high hedge. Sir W. Scott.
Ping
Ping (?), n. [Probably of imitative origin.] The sound made by a
bullet in striking a solid object or in passing through the air.
Ping
Ping, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinging.] To
make the sound called ping.
Pingle
Pin"gle (?), n. [Perhaps fr. pin to impound.] A small piece of
inclosed ground. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Pingster
Ping"ster (?), n. See Pinkster.
Pinguicula
Pin*guic"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pinguiculus somewhat fat, fattish.]
(Bot.) See Butterwort.
Pinguid
Pin"guid (?), a. [L. pinguis fat.] Fat; unctuous; greasy. [Obs.] "Some
clays are more pinguid." Mortimer.
Pinguidinous
Pin*guid"i*nous (?), a. [L. pinguedo fatness, fr. pinguis fat.]
Containing fat; fatty. [Obs.]
Pinguitude
Pin"gui*tude (?), n. [L. pinguitudo, from pinguis fat.] Fatness; a
growing fat; obesity. [R.]
Pinhold
Pin"hold` (?), n. A place where a pin is fixed.
Pinic
Pi"nic ( a. [L. pinus pine.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the pine;
obtained from the pine; formerly, designating an acid which is the
chief constituent of common resin, -- now called abietic, or sylvic,
acid.
Pining
Pin"ing (?), a.
1. Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with longing.
2. Wasting; consuming. "The pining malady of France." Shak.
Piningly
Pin"ing*ly, adv. In a pining manner; droopingly. Poe.
Pinion
Pin"ion (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A moth of the genus Lithophane, as L.
antennata, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.
Pinion
Pin"ion, n. [OF. pignon a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp.
pi\'a4on pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle, feather, wing. See Pin a peg,
and cf. Pen a feather, Pennat, Pennon.]
1. A feather; a quill. Shak.
2. A wing, literal or figurative.
Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome. Pope.
3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body. Johnson.
4. A fetter for the arm. Ainsworth.
5. (Mech.) A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted
to engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see Rack); esp., such a wheel
having its leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle
which is its axis.
Lantern pinion. See under Lantern. -- Pinion wire, wire fluted
longitudinally, for making the pinions of clocks and watches. It is
formed by being drawn through holes of the shape required for the
leaves or teeth of the pinions.
Pinion
Pin"ion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinioning.]
1. To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding the wings.
Bacon.
2. To disable by cutting off the pinion joint. Johnson.
3. To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by
binding the arms to the body. Shak.
Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips. Cowper.
4. Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up. "Pinioned up by
formal rules of state." Norris.
Pinioned
Pin"ioned (?), a. Having wings or pinions.
Pinionist
Pin"ion*ist, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any winged creature.
Pinite
Pin"ite (?), n. [So called from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.) A
compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull grayish or
greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline silicate, and is
derived from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite.
Pinite
Pi"nite (?), n. [L. pinus the pine tree.]
1. (Paleon.) Any fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged
to the Pine family.
2. (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum
of a species of pine (Pinus Lambertina). It is isomeric with, and
resembles, quercite.
Pink
Pink (?), n. [D. pink.] (Naut.) A vessel with a very narrow stern; --
called also pinky. Sir W. Scott. Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow stern.
Pink
Pink, v. i. [D. pinken, pinkoogen, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.]
To wink; to blink. [Obs.] L'Estrange.
Pink
Pink, a. Half-shut; winking. [Obs.] Shak.
Pink
Pink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinking.] [OE.
pinken to prick, probably a nasalized form of pick.]
1. To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper,
in small scallops or angles.
2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword. Addison.
3. To choose; to cull; to pick out. [Obs.] Herbert.
Pink
Pink, n. A stab. Grose.
Pink
Pink, n. [Perh. akin to pick; as if the edges of the petals were
picked out. Cf. Pink, v. t.]
1. (Bot.) A name given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus
Dianthus, and to their flowers, which are sometimes very fragrant and
often double in cultivated varieties. The species are mostly perennial
herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and handsome five-petaled flowers
with a tubular calyx.
2. A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with
more or less white; -- so called from the common color of the flower.
Dryden.
3. Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of
something. "The very pink of courtesy." Shak.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The European minnow; -- so called from the color of its
abdomen in summer. [Prov. Eng.]
Bunch pink is Dianthus barbatus. -- China, OR Indian, pink. See under
China. -- Clove pink is Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which
carnations are derived. -- Garden pink. See Pheasant's eye. -- Meadow
pink is applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged robin. --
Maiden pink, Dianthus deltoides. -- Moss pink. See under Moss. -- Pink
needle, the pin grass; -- so called from the long, tapering points of
the carpels. See Alfilaria. -- Sea pink. See Thrift.
Pink
Pink, a. Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called pink
(see 6th Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink ribbons. Pink eye (Med.), a
popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with
early and marked redness of the eyeball. -- Pink salt (Chem. &
Dyeing), the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly
much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal. -- Pink saucer, a
small saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a pink
pigment.
Pinked
Pinked (?), a. Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped
on the edge. Shak.
Pink-eyed
Pink"-eyed` (?), a. [Pink half-shut + eye.] Having small eyes.
Holland.
Pinking
Pink"ing, n.
1. The act of piercing or stabbing.
2. The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking
iron; also, the style of decoration; scallops made with a pinking
iron.
Pinking iron. (a) An instrument for scalloping the edges of ribbons,
flounces, etc. (b) A sword. [Colloq.]
Pinkish
Pink"ish, a. Somewhat pink.
Pinkness
Pink"ness (?), n. Quality or state of being pink.
Pinkroot
Pink"root` (?), n.
1. (Med.) The root of Spigelia Marilandica, used as a powerful
vermifuge; also, that of S. Anthelmia. See definition 2 (below).
2. (Bot.) (a) A perennial North American herb (Spigelia Marilandica),
sometimes cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also Carolina
pink, Maryland pinkroot, and worm grass. (b) An annual South American
and West Indian plant (Spigelia Anthelmia).
Pinkster
Pink"ster (?), n. [D. pinkster, pinksteren, fr. Gr. Pentecost.]
Whitsuntide. [Written also pingster and pinxter.] Pinkster flower
(Bot.), the rosy flower of the Azalea nudiflora; also, the shrub
itself; -- called also Pinxter blomachee by the New York descendants
of the Dutch settlers.
Pink stern
Pink" stern` (?). [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) See Chebacco, and 1st Pink.
Pink-sterned
Pink"-sterned` (?), a. [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) Having a very narrow
stern; -- said of a vessel.
Pinky
Pink"y (?), n. (Naut.) See 1st Pink.
Pinna
Pin"na (?), n.; pl. Pinn\'91 (#), E. Pinnas (#). [L., a feather.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See Illust. of Bipinnate
leaf, under Bipinnate. (b) One of the primary divisions of a
decompound leaf.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ.
3. [L. pinna, akin to Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pinna, a genus of
large bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The byssus consists of
a large number of long, silky fibers, which have been used in
manufacturing woven fabrics, as a curiosity.
4. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear. See Ear.
Pinnace
Pin"nace (?), n. [F. pinasse; cf. It. pinassa, pinazza, Sp. pinaza;
all from L. pinus a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship.
Cf. Pine a tree.]
1. (Naut.) (a) A small vessel propelled by sails or oars, formerly
employed as a tender, or for coast defence; -- called originally,
spynace or spyne. (b) A man-of-war's boat.
Whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downs. Shak.
2. A procuress; a pimp. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Pinnacle
Pin"na*cle (?), n. [OE. pinacle, F. pinacle, L. pinnaculum, fr. pinna
pinnacle, feather. See Pin a peg.]
1. (Arch.) An architectural member, upright, and generally ending in a
small spire, -- used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a
proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire, and the like.
Pinnacles may be considered primarily as added weight, where it is
necessary to resist the thrust of an arch, etc.
Some renowned metropolis With glistering spires and pinnacles
around. Milton.
2. Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit.
Three silent pinnacles of aged snow. Tennyson.
The slippery tops of human state, The gilded pinnacles of fate.
Cowley.
Pinnacle
Pin"na*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinnacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinnacling (?).] To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles. T.
Warton.
Pinnage
Pin"nage (?), n. [Cf. Pinfold.] Poundage of cattle. See Pound. [Obs.]
Pinnate, Pinnated
Pin"nate (?), Pin"na*ted (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered, fr. pinna a
feather. See Pin a peg, Pen feather.]
1. (Bot.) Consisting of several leaflets, or separate portions,
arranged on each side of a common petiole, as the leaves of a
rosebush, a hickory, or an ash. See Abruptly pinnate, and Illust.,
under Abruptly.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of
the neck.
Pinnated grouse (Zo\'94l.), the prairie chicken.
Pinnately
Pin"nate*ly (?), adv. In a pinnate manner.
Pinnatifid
Pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + root of findere to
split: cf. F. pinnatifide.] (Bot.) Divided in a pinnate manner, with
the divisions not reaching to the midrib.
Pinnatilobate
Pin*nat`i*lo"bate (?), a. [See Pinnate, and Lobate.] (Bot.) Having
lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.
Pinnatiped
Pin*nat"i*ped (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + pes, pedis foot: cf. F.
pinnatip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the toes bordered by membranes;
fin-footed, as certain birds.
Pinnatiped
Pin*nat"i*ped, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird which has the toes bordered by
membranes.
Pinner
Pin"ner (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with pins.
2. (Costume) (a) A headdress like a cap, with long lappets. (b) An
apron with a bib; a pinafore. (c) A cloth band for a gown. [Obs.]
With kerchief starched, and pinners clean. Gay.
3. A pin maker.
Pinner
Pin"ner, n. [See Pin to pound.] One who pins or impounds cattle. See
Pin, v. t. [Obs.]
Pinnet
Pin"net (?), n. A pinnacle. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
Pinniform
Pin"ni*form (?), a. [L. pinna feather, fin + -form.] Shaped like a fin
or feather. Sir J. Hill.
Pinnigrada
Pin`ni*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pinna a feather + gradi to walk,
move.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pinnipedia.
Pinnigrade
Pin"ni*grade (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal of the seal tribe, moving by
short feet that serve as paddles.
Pinniped
Pin"ni*ped (?), n. [L. pinna feather, fin + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F.
pinnip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the Pinnipedia; a seal. (b) One
of the Pinnipedes.
Pinnipedes
Pin*nip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Steganopodes.
Pinnipedia
Pin`ni*pe"di*a (?), n. pl. [NL. So called because their webbed feet
are used as paddles or fins.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of aquatic
carnivorous mammals including the seals and walruses; -- opposed to
Fissipedia.
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Page 1089
Pinnock
Pin"nock (?), n. [Of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The hedge
sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The tomtit.
Pinnothere
Pin"no*there (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A crab of the genus pinnotheres.
See Oyster crab, under Oyster.
Pinnula
Pin"nu*la (?), n.; pl. Pinnul\'91 (#). [L.] Same as Pinnule.
Pinnulate
Pin"nu*late (?), a. [See Pinnule.] (Bot.) Having each pinna
subdivided; -- said of a leaf, or of its pinn\'91.
Pinnulated
Pin"nu*la`ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having pinnules.
Pinnule
Pin"nule (?), n. [L. pinnula, dim. of pinna feather: cf. F. pinnule.]
1. (Bot.) One of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf.
See Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts,
when arranged in rows so as to have a plumelike appearance; as, a
pinnule of a gorgonia; the pinnules of a crinoid.
Pinnywinkles
Pin"ny*win`kles (?), n. pl. An instrument of torture, consisting of a
board with holes into which the fingers were pressed, and fastened
with pegs. [Written also pilliewinkles.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Pinocle
Pin"o*cle (?), n. See Penuchle.
Pinole
Pi*nole" (?), n.
1. An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.
2. Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water,
it makes a nutritious beverage.
Pi\'a4on
Pi\'a4"on (?), n. [Sp. pi\'a4on.] (Bot.) (a) The edible seed of
several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus
Pinea of Southern Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and
monophylla, the nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's
puzzle. [Written also pignon.]
Pinpatch
Pin"patch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common English periwinkle. [Prov.
Eng.]
Pint
Pint (?), n. [OE. pinte, F. pinte, fr. Sp. pinta spot, mark, pint, fr.
pintar to paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or in a
larger measure. See Paint.] A measure of capacity, equal to half a
quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart.
Pint
Pint, n. (Zo\'94l.) The laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]
Pintado
Pin*ta"do (?), n.; pl. Pintados (#). [Sp., painted, fr. pintar to
paint.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Numida. Several species are
found in Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and
the crested pintados, are the best known. See Guinea fowl, under
Guinea.
Pintail
Pin"tail` (?), n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A northern duck (Dafila acuta), native of both
continents. The adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also gray
duck, piketail, piket-tail, spike-tail, split-tail, springtail, sea
pheasant, and gray widgeon.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky
Mountains (Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus); -- called also pintailed
grouse, pintailed chicken, springtail, and sharptail.
Pin-tailed
Pin"-tailed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a tapered tail, with the middle
feathers longest; -- said of birds.
Pintle
Pin"tle (?), n. [A diminutive of Pin.]
1. A little pin.
2. (Mech.) An upright pivot pin; as: (a) The pivot pin of a hinge. (b)
A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and turns. (c) A pivot about
which the chassis swings, in some kinds of gun carriages. (d) A
kingbolt of a wagon.
Pintos
Pin"tos (?), n. pl.; sing. Pinto (. [Sp., painted, mottled.] (Eyhnol.)
A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They are
remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly spotted
with white. Called also speckled Indians.
Pinule
Pin"ule (?), n. [Cf. Pinnule.] (Astron.) One of the sights of an
astrolabe. [Obs.]
Pinus
Pi"nus (?), n. [L., a pine tree.] (Bot.) A large genus of evergreen
coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus
formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is now
limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the branchlets
reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones (pine needles)
acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See Pine.
Pinweed
Pin"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Lechea, low North
American herbs with branching stems, and very small and abundant
leaves and flowers.
Pinworm
Pin"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small nematoid worm (Oxyurus
vermicularis), which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is
most common in children and aged persons.
Pinxit
Pinx"it (?). [L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of pingere to paint.] A
word appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting, or
engraved copy of a painting; as, Rubens pinxit, Rubens painted (this).
Pinxter
Pinx"ter (?), n. See Pinkster.
Piny
Pin"y (?), a. Abounding with pines. [Written also piney.] "The piny
wood." Longfellow.
Pioned
Pi"o*ned (?), a. A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh.,
"abounding in marsh marigolds."
Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. Shak.
Pioneer
Pi`o*neer" (?), n. [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier,
fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.]
1. (Mil.) A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches,
and make bridges, as an army advances.
2. One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for
others to follow; as, pioneers of civilization; pioneers of reform.
Pioneer
Pi`o*neer", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pioneered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pioneering.] To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as
pioneer.
Pioner
Pi`o*ner" (?), n. A pioneer. [Obs.] Shak.
Piony
Pi"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony.
Piot
Pi"ot (?), n. [See Piet.] (Zo\'94l.) The magpie. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] Holland.
Pious
Pi"ous (?), a. [L. pius: cf. F. pieux.]
1. Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful;
religious; devout; godly. "Pious hearts." Milton. "Pious poetry."
Johnson.
Where was the martial brother's pious care? Pope.
2. Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken
piety; as, pious errors; pious frauds. Syn. -- Godly; devout;
religious; righteous.
Piously
Pi"ous*ly, adv. In a pious manner.
Pip
Pip (?), n. [OE. pippe, D. pip, or F. p\'82pie; from LL. pipita, fr.
L. pituita slime, phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. Pituite.] A
contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness, discharge
from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in the mouth,
forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term pip is restricted to
this last symptom, the disease being called roup by them.
Pip
Pip, n. [Formerly pippin, pepin. Cf. Pippin.] (Bot.) A seed, as of an
apple or orange.
Pip
Pip, n. [Perh. for pick, F. pique a spade at cards, a pike. Cf.
Pique.] One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards,
dominoes, etc. Addison.
Pip
Pip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pipping.] [See
Peep.] To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.
To hear the chick pip and cry in the egg. Boyle.
Pipa
Pi*pa (?), n.; pl. Pipas (. (Zo\'94l.) The Surinam toad (Pipa
Americana), noted for its peculiar breeding habits.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ma le pl aces the eggs on the back of the female,
where they soon become inclosed in capsules formed by the
thickening of the skin. The incubation of the eggs takes place in
the capsules, and the young, when hatched, come forth with well
developed legs.
Pipage
Pip"age (?), n. Transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a
pipe conduit; also, the charge for such transportation.
Pipal tree
Pi"pal tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree.
Pipe
Pipe (?), n. [AS. p\'c6pe, probably fr. L. pipare, pipire, to chirp;
of imitative origin. Cf. Peep, Pibroch, Fife.]
1. A wind instrument of music, consisting of a tube or tubes of straw,
reed, wood, or metal; any tube which produces musical sounds; as, a
shepherd's pipe; the pipe of an organ. "Tunable as sylvan pipe."
Milton.
Now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe. Shak.
2. Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the
like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc.
3. A small bowl with a hollow steam, -- used in smoking tobacco, and,
sometimes, other substances.
4. A passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe,
or one of its divisions.
5. The key or sound of the voice. [R.] Shak.
6. The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird.
The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds. Tennyson.
7. pl. The bagpipe; as, the pipes of Lucknow.
8. (Mining) An elongated body or vein of ore.
9. A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called the
Great Roll, on which were taken down the accounts of debts to the
king; -- so called because put together like a pipe. Mozley & W.
10. (Naut.) A boatswain's whistle, used to call the crew to their
duties; also, the sound of it.
11. [Cf. F. pipe, fr. pipe a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. pipare to
chirp. See Etymol. above.] A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or
126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it contains.
Pipe fitter, one who fits pipes together, or applies pipes, as to an
engine or a building. -- Pipe fitting, a piece, as a coupling, an
elbow, a valve, etc., used for connecting lengths of pipe or as
accessory to a pipe. -- Pipe office, an ancient office in the Court of
Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown
lands, accounts of cheriffs, etc. [Eng.] -- Pipe tree (Bot.), the
lilac and the mock orange; -- so called because their were formerly
used to make pipe stems; -- called also pipe privet. -- Pipe wrench,
OR Pipetongs, a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding
it. -- To smoke the pipe of peace, to smoke from the same pipe in
token of amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, -- a custom
of the American Indians.
Pipe
Pipe, v. i.
1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument of
music.
We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced. Matt. xi. 17.
2. (Naut.) To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe
or whistle carried by a boatswain.
3. To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle.
"Oft in the piping shrouds." Wordsworth.
4. (Metal.) To become hollow in the process of solodifying; -- said of
an ingot, as of steel.
Pipe
Pipe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.]
1. To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to
utter in the shrill tone of a pipe.
A robin . . . was piping a few querulous notes. W. Irving.
2. (Naut.) To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.
As fine a ship's company as was ever piped aloft. Marryat.
3. To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to pipe an engine, or a
building.
Pipe clay
Pipe" clay` ( A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, --
used in making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in
scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.
Pipeclay
Pipe"clay`, v. t.
1. To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.
2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay accounts. [Slang, Eng.]
Piped
Piped (?), a. Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.
Pipefish
Pipe"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any lophobranch fish of the genus
Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, and allied genera, having a long and very
slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at
the end of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly,
in which the incubation of the eggs takes place.
Pipelayer, n., or Pipe layer
Pipe"lay`er (?), n., or Pipe" lay`er.
1. One who lays conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas,
etc.
2. (Polit. Cant) A politician who works in secret; -- in this sense,
usually written as one word. [U.S.]
Pipelaying, n., or Pipe laying
Pipe"lay`ing, n., or Pipe" lay`ing.
1. The laying of conducting pipes underground, as for water, gas, etc.
2. (Polit. Cant) The act or method of making combinations for personal
advantage secretly or slyly; -- in this sense, usually written as one
word. [U.S.]
Pipemouth
Pipe"mouth` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the genus Fistularia; --
called also tobacco pipefish. See Fistularia.
Piper
Pi"per (?), n. [L.] See Pepper.
Piper
Pip"er (?), n.
1. (Mus.) One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe.
"The hereditary piper and his sons." Macaulay.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a
large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp,
opercular spines. (b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very
long spines, native of both the American and European coasts.
To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.
Piperaceous
Pip`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. piper pepper.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
the order of plants (Piperace\'91) of which the pepper (Piper nigrum)
is the type. There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species,
mostly tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.
Piperic
Pi*per"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or
designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different
members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline
substance.
Piperidge
Pip"er*idge (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pepperidge.
Piperidine
Pi*per"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An oily liquid alkaloid, C5H11N, having
a hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is
obtained by the decomposition of piperine.
Piperine
Pip"er*ine (?), n. [L. piper pepper: cf. F. piperin, piperine.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid.
It is obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and other species.
Piperonal
Pip`er*o"nal (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by
oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.
Piperylene
Pi*per"y*lene (?), n. [Piperidine + acetylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon
obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives.
Pipestem
Pipe"stem` (?), n. The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking
tobacco, etc.
Took a long reed for a pipestem. Longfellow.
Pipestone
Pipe"stone` (?), n. A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into
tobacco pipes. Cf. Catlinite.
Pipette
Pi*pette" (?), n. [F., dim. of pipe.] A small glass tube, often with
an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, -- used
for transferring or delivering measured quantities.
Pipevine
Pipe"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman.
Pipewort
Pipe"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic
or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.
Piping
Pip"ing (?), a. [From Pipe, v.]
1. Playing on a musical pipe. "Lowing herds and piping swains." Swift.
2. Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe
rather than of the drum and fife. Shak.
3. Emitting a high, shrill sound.
4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from the sound of boiling
fluids.
Piping crow, Piping crow shrike, Piping roller (Zo\'94l.), any
Australian bird of the genus Gymnorhina, esp. G. tibicen, which is
black and white, and the size of a small crow. Called also caruck. --
Piping frog (Zo\'94l.), a small American tree frog (Hyla Pickeringii)
which utters a high, shrill note in early spring. -- Piping hot,
boiling hot; hissing hot; very hot. [Colloq.] Milton.
Piping
Pip"ing, n.
1. A small cord covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for women's
dresses.
2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping of a house.
3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.
4. A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation
by cuttings.
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Page 1090
Pipistrel, Pipistrelle
Pi*pis"trel (?), Pip`i*strelle" (?), n. [F. pipistrelle, It.
pipistrello.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European bat (Vesperugo
pipistrellus); -- called also flittermouse.
Pipit
Pip"it (?), n. [So named from its call note.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Anthus and allied
genera, of the family Motacillid\'91. They strongly resemble the true
larks in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They
are, therefore, often called titlarks, and pipit larks.
NOTE: &hand; Th e me adow pipit (Anthus pratensis); the tree pipit,
or tree lark (A. trivialis); and the rock pipit, or sea lark (A.
obscurus) are well-known European species. The common American
pipit, or brown lark, is Anthus Pensilvanicus. The Western species
(A. Spraguei) is called the American skylark, on account of its
musical powers.
Pipkin
Pip"kin, n.[Dim. of Pipe.] A small earthen boiler.
Pippin
Pip"pin (?), n. [Probably fr. OE. pippin a seed, as being raised from
the seed. See Pip a seed.] (Bot.) (a) An apple from a tree raised from
the seed and not grafted; a seedling apple. (b) A name given to apples
of several different kinds, as Newtown pippin, summer pippin, fall
pippin, golden pippin.
We will eat a last year's pippin. Shak.
Normandy pippins, sun-dried apples for winter use.
Pippul tree
Pip"pul tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree.
Pipra
Pi"pra (?), n.; pl. Pipras (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of small clamatorial birds belonging to Pipra and
allied genera, of the family Piprid\'91. The male is usually glossy
black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue. They chiefly inhabit
South America.
Piprine
Pi"prine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the
family Piprid\'91.
Pipsissewa
Pip*sis"se*wa (?), n. [From American Indian.] (Bot.) A low evergreen
plant (Chimaphila umbellata), with narrow, wedge-lanceolate leaves,
and an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant blossoms. It has been used in
nephritic diseases. Called also prince's pine.
Pipy
Pip"y (?), a. Like a pipe; hollow-stemmed. Keats.
Piquancy
Pi"quan*cy (?), n. [See Piquant.] The quality or state of being
piquant.
Piquant
Pi"quant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of piquer to prick or sting. See Pike.]
Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent; as, a
piquant anecdote. "As piquant to the tongue as salt." Addison.
"Piquant railleries." Gov. of Tongue.
Piquantly
Pi"quant*ly, adv. In a piquant manner.
Piqu\'82
Pi`qu\'82" (?), n. [F., p.p. of piquer to prick.] A cotton fabric,
figured in the loom, -- used as a dress goods for women and children,
and for vestings, etc.
Pique
Pique (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The jigger. See Jigger.
Pique
Pique (?), n. [F., fr. piquer. See Pike.]
1. A feeling of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social
slight or injury; irritation of the feelings, as through wounded
pride; stinging vexation.
Men take up piques and displeasures. Dr. H. More.
Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique. De Quincey.
2. Keenly felt desire; a longing.
Though it have the pique, and long, 'Tis still for something in the
wrong. Hudibras.
3. (Card Playing) In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count
thirty in hand, or to play before the adversary counts one. Syn. --
Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite. Pique, Spite, Grudge. Pique
denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for some
supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. Spite
is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire
to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. Grudge goes still
further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an unforgiving
spirit. A pique is usually of recent date; a grudge is that which has
long subsisted; spite implies a disposition to cross or vex others.
Pique
Pique, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piqued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piquing (?).]
[F. piquer. See Pike.]
1. To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret;
to offend; to excite to anger.
Pique her, and soothe in turn. Byron.
2. To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to
stimulate; to prick; as, to pique ambition, or curiosity. Prior.
3. To pride or value; -- used reflexively.
Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill. Locke.
Syn. -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting;
goad; stimulate.
Pique
Pique, v. i. To cause annoyance or irritation. "Every piques." Tatler.
Piqueer
Pi*queer" (?), v. i. See Pickeer. [R.]
Piqueerer
Pi*queer"er (?), n. See Pickeerer. [R.]
Piquet
Piqu"et (?), n. See Picket. [R.]
Piquet
Pi*quet" (?), n. [F., prob. fr. pique. See Pique, Pike, and Picket.] A
game at cards played between two persons, with thirty-two cards, all
the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set aside. [Written
also picket and picquet.]
Piracy
Pi"ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Piracies (#). [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. Pirate.]
1. The act or crime of a pirate.
2. (Common Law) Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from
others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and
with intent to steal; -- a crime answering to robbery on land. <-- air
piracy -- to commandeer or hijack an airplane -->
NOTE: &hand; By statute law several other offenses committed on the
seas (as trading with known pirates, or engaging in the slave
trade) have been made piracy.
3. "Sometimes used, in a quasi-figurative sense, of violation of
copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct and preferable
term." Abbott.
Piragua
Pi*ra"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.
Pirai
Pi*rai" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Piraya.
Pirameter
Pi*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A dynamometer for ascertaining the
power required to draw carriages over roads.
Pirarucu
Pi`ra*ru"cu (?), n. [From the native South American name.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Arapaima.
Pirate
Pi"rate (?), n. [L. pirata, Gr. peril: cf. F. pirate. See Peril.]
1. A robber on the high seas; one who by open violence takes the
property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it his
business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas;
also, one who steals in a harbor.
2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for
the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas.
3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an
author without permission.
Pirate perch (Zo\'94l.), a fresh-water percoid fish of the United
States (Aphredoderus Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled
with blackish spots.
Pirate
Pi"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pirating.]
[Cf. F. pirater.] To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high
seas.
Pirate
Pi"rate, v. t. To publish, as books or writings, without the
permission of the author.<-- or other copyrighted material; see also
the similar "knock off", to manufacture an object with a brand name,
without permission of the brand owner, and usually of inferior quality
-->
They advertised they would pirate his edition. Pope.
Piratic
Pi*rat"ic (?), a. Piratical.
Piratical
Pi*rat"ic*al (?), a. [L. piraticus, Gr. piratique.] Of or pertaining
to a pirate; acquired by, or practicing, piracy; as, a piratical
undertaking. "Piratical printers." Pope. -- Pi*rat"ic*al*ly, adv.
Piraya
Pi*ra"ya (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large voracious
fresh-water fish (Serrasalmo piraya) of South America, having
lancet-shaped teeth.
Pirie
Pir"ie (?), n. (Naut.) See Pirry.
Pirie
Pir"ie, n. [See Pear.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also pery, pyrie.]
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Piririgua
Pi`ri*ri"gua (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South
American bird (Guira guira) allied to the cuckoos.
Pirl
Pirl (?), v. t. [Cf. Purl.]
1. To spin, as a top.
2. To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines.
Pirn
Pirn (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A quill or reed on which thread or
yarn is wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle;
also, the reel of a fishing rod. [Scot.]
Pirogue
Pi*rogue" (?), n. [Originally an American Indian word: cf. F. pirogue,
Sp. piroga, piragua.] A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat.
[Written variously periauger, perogue, piragua, periagua, etc.]
Pirouette
Pir`ou*ette" (?), n. [F.; of uncertain origin.]
1. A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing.
2. (Man.) The whirling about of a horse.
Pirouette
Pir`ou*ette", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirouetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pirouetting.] [F. pirouetter.] To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like
a dancer.
Pirry, Pirrie
Pir"ry, Pir"rie (?), n. [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr a
prosperous wind, bylr a blast of wind.] A rough gale of wind. [Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
Pisasphaltum
Pis`as*phal"tum (?), n. See Pissasphalt.
Pisay
Pi"say (?), n. (Arch.) See Pis\'82.
Piscary
Pis"ca*ry (?), n. [L. piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing, fr.
piscis a fish.] (Law) The right or privilege of fishing in another
man's waters. Blackstone.
Piscation
Pis*ca"tion (?), n. [L. piscatio, fr. piscari to fish.] Fishing;
fishery. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Piscator
Pis*ca"tor (?), n. [L.] A fisherman; an angler.
Piscatorial, Piscatory
Pis`ca*to"ri*al (?), Pis"ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. piscatorius, fr.
piscator a fisherman, fr. piscari to fish, fr. piscis a fish. See Fish
the animal.] Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing. Addison.
Pisces
Pis"ces (?), n. pl. [L. piscis a fish.]
1. (Astron.) (a) The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked &pisces; in
almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, including the first point of
Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial point; the Fish.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The
principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.
Piscicapture
Pis"ci*cap`ture (?), n. Capture of fishes, as by angling. [R.] W. H.
Russell.
Piscicultural
Pis`ci*cul"tur*al (?), a. Relating to pisciculture.
Pisciculture
Pis`ci*cul"ture (?), n. [L. piscis a fish + E. culture.] Fish culture.
See under Fish.
Pisciculturist
Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist, n. One who breeds fish.
Pisciform
Pis"ci*form (?), a. [L. piscis fish + -form.] Having the form of a
fish; resembling a fish.
Piscina
Pis*ci"na (?), n. [L., a certain, fishpond, fr. piscis a fish.]
(Arch.) A niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin
for rinsing altar vessels.
Piscinal
Pis"ci*nal (?), a. [L. piscinalis: cf. F. piscinal.] Belonging to a
fishpond or a piscina.
Piscine
Pis"cine (?), a. [L. piscis a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a
fish or fishes; as, piscine remains.
Piscivorous
Pis*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L. piscis a fish + vorare to devour: cf. F.
piscivore.] (Zo\'94l.) Feeding or subsisting on fish.
Pis\'82
Pi`s\'82" (?), n. [F. pis\'82, from piser to stamp, pound, L. pisare.]
(Arch.) A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in
between molds which are carried up as the wall rises; -- called also
pis\'82 work. Gwilt.
Pish
Pish (?), interj. An exclamation of contempt.
Pish
Pish (?), v. i. To express contempt. Pope.
Pishu
Pi"shu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Canada lynx. [Written also peeshoo.]
Pisiform
Pi"si*form (?), a. [L. pisum a pea + -form: cf. F. pisiforme.]
Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; as, a pisiform iron ore.
Pisiform
Pi"si*form, n. (Anat.) A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in
man and many mammals. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.
Pismire
Pis"mire (?), n. [Piss + mire; so called because it discharges a
moisture vulgarly considered urine. See Mire an ant.] (Zo\'94l.) An
ant, or emmet.
Pisolite
Pi"so*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pisolithe.] (Min.) A variety of
calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of aggregated globular
concretions about the size of a pea; -- called also peastone, peagrit.
NOTE: &hand; O\'94lite is similar in structure, but the concretions
are as small as the roe of a fish.
Pisolitic
Pi`so*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pisolithique.] (Min.) Composed of,
containing, or resembling, pisolite.
Pisophalt
Pis"o*phalt (?), n. [For pissasphalt.] (Min.) Pissasphalt. [Obs.]
Piss
Piss (?), v. t. & i. [OE. pissen, F. pisser; akin to It. pisciare, D.
& G. pissen, Dan. pisse, Icel. pissa.] To discharge urine, to urinate.
Shak.
Piss
Piss, n. Urine.
Pissabed
Piss"a*bed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name locally applied to various wild
plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.
Pissasphalt
Pis"sas*phalt (?), n. [L. pissasphaltus, Gr. pissasphalte.] (Min.)
Earth pitch; a soft, black bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a
strong smell. It is inflammable, and intermediate between petroleum
and asphalt. [Written also pisasphaltum, pisasphalt, etc.]
Pist
Pist (?), n. (man.) See Piste.
Pistachio
Pis*ta"chio (?), n. [It. pistacchio (cf. Sp. pistacho, F. pistache),
fr. L. pistacium, Gr. pistah. Cf. Fistinut.] (Bot.) The nut of the
Pistacia vera, a tree of the order Anacardiace\'91, containing a
kernel of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant taste,
resembling that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable taste
and odor; -- called also pistachio nut. It is wholesome and nutritive.
The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily. [Written also
pistachia.]
Pistacia
Pis*ta"ci*a (?), n. [NL. See Pistachio.] (Bot.) The name of a genus of
trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio, the Mediterranean
mastic tree (Pistacia Lentiscus), and the species (P. Terebinthus)
which yields Chian or Cyprus turpentine.
Pistacite
Pis"ta*cite (?), n. [Cf. F. pistacite. So called from its green color.
See Pistachio.] (Min.) Epidote.
Pistareen
Pis`ta*reen" (?), n. An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about
twenty cents.
Pistazite
Pis"ta*zite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pistacite.
Piste
Piste (?), n. [F., fr. L. pisere, pinsere, pistum, to pound.] (Min.)
The track or tread a horseman makes upon the ground he goes over.
Johnson.
Pistel, Pistil
Pis"tel (?), Pis"til (?), n. An epistle. [Obs.]
Pistic
Pis"tic (?), a. [L. pisticus, Gr. Pure; genuine. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
Pistil
Pis"til (?), n. [L. pistillum, pistillus, a pestle: cf. F. pistil. See
Pestle.] (Bot.) The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an
ovary, containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which
is commonly raised on an elongated portion called a style. When
composed of one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several,
it is compound. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary.
Pistillaceous
Pis`til*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Growing on, or having nature of, the
pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil. Barton.
Pistillate
Pis"til*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having a pistil or pistils; -- usually
said of flowers having pistils but no stamens.
Pistillation
Pis`til*la"tion (?), n. [L. pistillum a pestle.] The act of pounding
or breaking in a mortar; pestillation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Pistillidium
Pis`til*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pistillida (#). [NL., fr. E. pistil.]
(Bot.) Same as Archegonium.
Pistilliferous
Pis`til*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Pistil + -ferous: cf. F. pistillif\'8are.]
(Bot.) Pistillate.
Pistillody
Pis"til*lo*dy (?), n. [Pistil + Gr. (Bot.) The metamorphosis of other
organs into pistils.
Pistol
Pis"tol (?), n. [F. pistole, pistolet, It. pistola; prob. from a form
Pistola, for Pistoja, a town in Italy where pistols were first made.
Cf. Pistole.] The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one
hand, -- now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names.
See Illust. of Revolver.<-- generically, also called handgun -->
Pistol carbine, a firearm with a removable but-piece, and thus capable
of being used either as a pistol or a carbine. -- Pistol pipe
(Metal.), a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is heated,
resembling a pistol in form. -- Pistol shot. (a) The discharge of a
pistol. (b) The distance to which a pistol can propel a ball.
Pistol
Pis"tol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pistoled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pistoling.]
[Cf. F. pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol. "To pistol a poacher."
Sydney Smith.
Pistolade
Pis"to*lade` (?), n. [F.] A pistol shot.
Pistole
Pis*tole" (?), n. [F., probably a name given in jest in France to a
Spanish coin. Cf. Pistol.] The name of certain gold coins of various
values formerly coined in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was
equivalent to a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and
Italy nearly the same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about
$5.40.
Pistoleer
Pis`to*leer" (?), n. [Cf. F. pistolier.] One who uses a pistol. [R.]
Carlyle.
Pistolet
Pis"to*let` (?), n. [F., a dim. of pistole.] A small pistol. Donne.
Beau. & Fl. <-- pistol-whip, to beat with a pistol -->
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Page 1091
Piston
Pis"ton (?), n. [F. piston; cf. It. pistone piston, also pestone a
large pestle; all fr. L. pinsere, pistum, to pound, to stamp. See
Pestle, Pistil.] (Mach.) A sliding piece which either is moved by, or
moves against, fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder
fitting within a cylindrical vessel along which it moves, back and
forth. It is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam,
and in pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes.
Piston head (Steam Eng.), that part of a piston which is made fast to
the piston rod. -- Piston rod, a rod by which a piston is moved, or by
which it communicates motion. -- Piston valve (Steam Eng.), a slide
valve, consisting of a piston, or connected pistons, working in a
cylindrical case which is provided with ports that are traversed by
the valve.
Pit
Pit (?), n. [OE. pit, put, AS. pytt a pit, hole, L. puteus a well,
pit.]
1. A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or artificial;
a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation; specifically: (a)
The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit. (b) A large hole in the ground
from which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone pit; a gravel pit;
or in which material is made by burning; as, a lime pit; a charcoal
pit. (c) A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan pit.
Tumble me into some loathsome pit. Shak.
2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades.
Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained. Milton.
He keepth back his soul from the pit. Job xxxiii. 18.
3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a
trap; a snare. Also used figuratively.
The anointed of the Lord was taken in their pits. Lam. iv. 20.
4. A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body; as: (a)
The hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit. (b)
See Pit of the stomach (below). (c) The indentation or mark left by a
pustule, as in smallpox.
5. Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below
the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England,
commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the
parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theater.
6. An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are
brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats. "As fiercely
as two gamecocks in the pit." Locke.
7. [Cf. D. pit, akin to E. pith.] (Bot.) (a) The endocarp of a drupe,
and its contained seed or seeds; a stone; as, a peach pit; a cherry
pit, etc. (b) A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct.
Cold pit (Hort.), an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or
boards, and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, -- used
in winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and
sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed. -- Pit coal, coal dug from
the earth; mineral coal. -- Pit frame, the framework over the shaft of
a coal mine. -- Pit head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a
pit or mine. -- Pit kiln, an oven for coking coal. -- Pit martin
(Zo\'94l.), the bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pit of the stomach
(Anat.), the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of
the abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal
depression. -- Pit saw (Mech.), a saw worked by two men, one of whom
stands on the log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is
often in a pit, whence the name. -- Pit viper (Zo\'94l.), any viperine
snake having a deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and
copperhead are examples. -- Working pit (Min.), a shaft in which the
ore is hoisted and the workmen carried; -- in distinction from a shaft
used for the pumps.
Pit
Pit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitting.]
1. To place or put into a pit or hole.
They lived like beasts, and were pitted like beasts, tumbled into
the grave. T. Grander.
2. To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face
pitted by smallpox.
3. To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest;
as, to pit one dog against another.
Pita
Pi"ta (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A fiber obtained from the Agave
Americana and other related species, -- used for making cordage and
paper. Called also pita fiber, and pita thread. (b) The plant which
yields the fiber. <-- pita, pita bread. a thin flat bread that is
formed in two layers, to make a pocket into which other foods may be
placed. -->
Pitahaya
Pit`a*ha"ya (?), n. [Sp., prob. from the native name.] (Bot.) A
cactaceous shrub (Cereus Pitajaya) of tropical America, which yields a
delicious fruit.
Pitapat
Pit"a*pat` (?), adv. [An onomatopoetic reduplication of pat a light,
quick blow.] In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of
beats. Lowell. "The fox's heart went pitapat." L'Estrange.
Pitapat
Pit"a*pat`, n. A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain.
"The pitapat of a pretty foot." Dryden.
Pitch
Pitch (?), n. [OE. pich, AS. pic, L. pix; akin to Gr.
1. A thick, black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling
down tar. It is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating
rope, canvas, wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them.
He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith. Ecclus. xiii. 1.
2. (Geol.) See Pitchstone.
Amboyna pitch, the resin of Dammara australis. See Kauri. -- Burgundy
pitch. See under Burgundy. -- Canada pitch, the resinous exudation of
the hemlock tree (Abies Canadensis); hemlock gum. -- Jew's pitch,
bitumen. -- Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt. -- Pitch coal
(Min.), bituminous coal. -- Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous
peat, with a waxy luster. -- Pitch pine (Bot.), any one of several
species of pine, yielding pitch, esp. the Pinus rigida of North
America.
Pitch
Pitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitching.]
[See Pitch, n.]
1. To cover over or smear with pitch. Gen. vi. 14.
2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure.
The welkin pitched with sullen could. Addison.
Pitch
Pitch (?), v. t. [OE. picchen; akin to E. pick, pike.]
1. To throw, generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to
hurl; to toss; as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball.
2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix
firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to pitch a
tent; to pitch a camp.
3. To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an
embankment or a roadway. Knight.
4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune.
5. To set or fix, as a price or value. [Obs.] Shak.
Pitched battle, a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces
have fixed positions; -- in distinction from a skirmish. -- To pitch
into, to attack; to assault; to abuse. [Slang]
Pitch
Pitch, v. i.
1. To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp. "Laban
with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead." Gen. xxxi. 25.
2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.
The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch. Mortimer.
3. To fix one's choise; -- with on or upon.
Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the
more easy. Tillotson.
4. To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as,
to pitch from a precipice; the vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the
field pitches toward the east.
Pitch and pay, an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment,
or payment on delivery of goods. Shak.
Pitch
Pitch, n.
1. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; as, a good
pitch in quoits.
Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling "Heads
or tails;" hence: To play pitch and toss with (anything), to be
careless or trust to luck about it. "To play pitch and toss with the
property of the country." G. Eliot. -- Pitch farthing. See Chuck
farthing, under 5th Chuck.
2. (Cricket) That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or
lights when bowled.
3. A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or
depression; hence, a limit or bound.
Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down Into this deep.
Milton.
Enterprises of great pitch and moment. Shak.
To lowest pitch of abject fortune. Milton.
He lived when learning was at its highest pitch. Addison.
The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends. Sharp.
4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras.
5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.
6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a
descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a
steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof.
7. (Mus.) The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by
the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon
a scale of high and low.
NOTE: &hand; Mu sical to nes wi th reference to absolute pitch, are
named after the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference
to relative pitch, in a series of tones called the scale, they are
called one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is
also one of a new scale an octave higher, as one is eight of a
scale an octave lower.
8. (Mining) The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of
the ore taken out.
9. (Mech.) (a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent
teeth of gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular
pitch. (b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of
the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a
screw propeller. (c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of
rivet holes in boiler plates.
Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in
concerts, etc. -- Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears
the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the
diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes
described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing
the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in
inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc. -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one
made of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel. --
Pitch line, OR Pitch circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a toothed
gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in
another gear, with which the former works, that the two lines will
have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the
teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is
a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on
which the pitch of teeth is measured. -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the
inclination or slope of the sides expressed by the height in parts of
the span; as, one half pitch; whole pitch; or by the height in parts
of the half span, especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a
pitch of 30\'f8, of 45\'f8, etc.; or by the rise and run, that is, the
ratio of the height to the half span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten
run. Equilateral pitch is where the two sloping sides with the span
form an equilateral triangle. -- Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant
of the cutting iron. -- Pitch pipe, a wind instrument used by
choristers in regulating the pitch of a tune. -- Pitch point
(Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines of two gears, or of
a rack and pinion, which work together.
Pitch-black
Pitch"-black` (?), a. Black as pitch or tar.
Pitchblende
Pitch"blende` (?), n. [1st pitch + blende.] (Min.) A pitch-black
mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See
Uraninite.
Pitch-dark
Pitch"-dark`, a. Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.
Pitcher
Pitch"er (?), n.
1. One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, etc.;
specifically (Baseball), the player who delivers the ball to the
batsman.
2. A sort of crowbar for digging. [Obs.] Mortimer.
Pitcher
Pitch"er (?), n. [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar, pehh\'beri;
prob. of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.]
1. A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or
protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or
handle.
2. (Bot.) A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of
certain plants.
American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia. See Sarracenia. --
Australian pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis, a low
saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some
oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid
pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered
with a lid shaped like a cockleshell. -- California pitcher plant, the
Darlingtonia California. See Darlingtonia. -- Pitcher plant, any plant
with the whole or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or
cuplike organs, especially the species of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes.
Pitcherful
Pitch"er*ful (?), n.; pl. Pitcherfuls (. The quantity a pitcher will
hold.
Pitch-faced
Pitch"-faced` (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having the arris defined by a
line beyond which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true
edges; -- said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.
Pitchfork
Pitch"fork` (?), n. A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay,
sheaves of grain, or the like.
Pitchfork
Pitch"fork`, v. t. To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.
He has been pitchforked into the footguards. G. A. Sala.
Pitchiness
Pitch"i*ness (?), n. [From Pitchy.] Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.
Pitching
Pitch"ing, n.
1. The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, wild pitching
in baseball.
2. The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone.
Mayhew.
3. (Hydraul. Eng.) A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear
by tides or currents.
Pitching piece (Carp.), the horizontal timber supporting the floor of
a platform of a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the
sloping parts are supported.
Pitch-ore
Pitch"-ore` (?), n. (Min.) Pitchblende.
Pitchstone
Pitch"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) An igneous rock of semiglassy nature,
having a luster like pitch.
Pitchwork
Pitch"work` (?), n. The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of
his product.
Pitchy
Pitch"y (?), a. [From 1st Pitch.]
1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.
2. Smeared with pitch.
3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal. "Pitchy night." Shak.
Piteous
Pit"e*ous (?), a. [OE. pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux. See Pity.]
1. Pious; devout. [Obs.]
The Lord can deliver piteous men from temptation. Wyclif.
2. Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender.
"[She] piteous of his case." Pope.
She was so charitable and so pitous. Chaucer.
3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable;
sad; as, a piteous case. Spenser.
The most piteous tale of Lear. Shak.
4. Paltry; mean; pitiful. "Piteous amends." Milton. Syn. -- Sorrowful;
mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad; wretched;
miserable; pitiable; pitiful; compassionate. -- Pit"e*ous*ly, adv. --
Pit"e*ous*ness, n.
Pitfall
Pit"fall` (?), n. A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or
men; a trap of any kind. Sir T. North.
Pitfalling
Pit"fall`ing, a. Entrapping; insnaring. [R.] "Full of . . .
contradiction and pitfalling dispenses." Milton.
Pith
Pith (?), n. [AS. pi; akin to D. pit pith, kernel, LG. peddik. Cf. Pit
a kernel.]
1. (Bot.) The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many
plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous
classes. It consists of cellular tissue.
2. (a) (Zo\'94l.) The spongy interior substance of a feather. (b)
(Anat.) The spinal cord; the marrow.
3. Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or
essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as,
the speech lacked pith.
Enterprises of great pith and moment. Shak.
Pith paper. Same as Rice paper, under Rice.
Pith
Pith, v. t. (Physiol.) To destroy the central nervous system of (an
animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down
the vertebral canal.
Pitheci
Pi*the"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of mammals
including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes used in the sense of
Primates.
Pithecoid
Pith"e*coid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. Of or pertaining to the genus Pithecia, or subfamily Pithecin\'91,
which includes the saki, ouakari, and other allied South American
monkeys.
2. Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the
higher apes of the Old World, collectively.
Pithful
Pith"ful (?), a. Full of pith. [R.] W. Browne.
Pithily
Pith"i*ly (?), adv. In a pithy manner.
Pithiness
Pith"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being pithy.
Pithless
Pith"less, a. Destitute of pith, or of strength; feeble. Dryden.
"Pithless argumentation." Glandstone.
Pit-hole
Pit"-hole` (?), n. A pit; a pockmark.
Pithsome
Pith"some (?), a. Pithy; robust. [R.] "Pithsome health and vigor." R.
D. Blackmore.
Pithy
Pith"y (?), a. [Compar. Pithier (?); superl. Pithiest.]
1. Consisting wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; as, a
pithy stem; a pithy fruit.
2. Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent.
This pithy speech prevailed, and all agreed. Dryden.
In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but pithy. Addison.
Pithy gall (Zo\'94l.), a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed
on blackberry canes by a small gallfly (Diastrophus nebulosus).
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Pitiable
Pit"i*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. pitiable, F. pitoyable.] Deserving pity;
wworthy of, or exciting, compassion; miserable; lamentable; piteous;
as, pitiable persons; a pitiable condition; pitiable wretchedness.
Syn. -- Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See Piteous. -- Pit"i*a*ble*ness, n.
-- Pit"i*a*bly, adv.
Pitier
Pit"i*er (?), n. One who pities. Gauden.
Pitiful
Pit"i*ful (?), a.
1. Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind; merciful;
sympathetic.
The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. James v. 11.
2. Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion.
A thing, indeed, very pitiful and horrible. Spenser.
3. To be pitied for littleness or meanness; miserable; paltry;
contemptible; despicable.
That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool
that uses it. Shak.
Syn. -- Despicable; mean; paltry. See Contemptible. -- Pit"i*ful*ly,
adv. -- Pit"i*ful*ness, n.
Pitiless
Pit"i*less, a.
1. Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a pitilessmaster;
pitiless elements.
2. Exciting no pity; as, a pitiless condition. -- Pit"i*less*ly, adv.
-- Pit"i*less*ness, n.
Pitman
Pit"man (?), n.; pl. Pitmen (.
1. One who works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.
2. (Mach.) The connecting rod in a sawmill; also, sometimes, a
connecting rod in other machinery.
Pitot's tube
Pi*tot's" tube` (?). (Hydraul.) A bent tube used to determine the
velocity of running water, by placing the curved end under water, and
observing the height to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of
current meter.
Pitpan
Pit"pan` (?), n. A long, flat-bottomed canoe, used for the navigation
of rivers and lagoons in Central America. Squier.
Pitpat
Pit"pat` (?), n. & adv. See Pitapat.
Pitta
Pit"ta (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a large group of bright-colored
clamatorial birds belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family
Pittid\'91. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors,
such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are
called also ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are
not related to the true thrushes.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pi ttas are most abundant in the East Indies, but
some inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly
upon the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.
Pittacal
Pit"ta*cal (?), n. [Gr. pittacale.] (Chem.) A dark blue substance
obtained from wood tar. It consists of hydrocarbons which when
oxidized form the orange-yellow eupittonic compounds, the salts of
which are dark blue.
Pittance
Pit"tance (?), n. [OE. pitance, pitaunce, F. pitance; cf. It.
pietanza, LL. pitancia, pittantia, pictantia; perh. fr. L. pietas
pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E. petty. Cf. Petty, and Pity.]
1. An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals;
hence, a small charity gift; a dole. "A good pitaunce." Chaucer.
One half only of this pittance was ever given him in money.
Macaulay.
2. A meager portion, quality, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary
or compensation. "The small pittance of learning they received."
Swift.
The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors. Fuller.
Pitted
Pit"ted (?), a.
1. Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2.
2. (Bot.) Having minute thin spots; as, pitted ducts in the vascular
parts of vegetable tissue.
Pitter
Pit"ter (?), n. A contrivance for removing the pits from peaches,
plums, and other stone fruit.
Pitter
Pit"ter, v. i. To make a pattering sound; to murmur; as, pittering
streams. [Obs.] R. Greene.
Pittle-pattle
Pit"tle-pat`tle (?), v. i. To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle.
[R.] Latimer.
Pituitary
Pi*tu"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. pituita phlegm, pituite: cf. F. pituitarie.]
(Anat.) (a) Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary membrane, or
the mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities. (b) Of or
pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa. Pituitary
body OR gland (Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown function, situated
in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the infundibulum of the
brain; the hypophysis. -- Pituitary fossa (Anat.), the ephippium. <--
glandula pituitaria, basilaris. Suspended from the base of the
hypothalamus. secretes pituitary hormones: oxytocin, antidiuretic
hormone; somatotropins, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone,
gonadotropins, adrenal corticotropin and other peptide hormones.
Called the "master gland" -->
Pituite
Pit"u*ite (?), n. [L. pituita: cf. F. pituite. Cf. Pip a disease of
fowls.] Mucus, phlegm.
Pituitous
Pi*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L. pituitosus: cf. F. pituiteux.] Consisting of,
or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of mucus; discharging mucus.
Pituitous fever (Med.), typhoid fever; enteric fever.
Pity
Pit"y (?), n.; pl. Pities (#). [OE. pite, OF. pit\'82, piti\'82, F.
piti\'82, L. pietas piety, kindness, pity. See Pious, and cf. Piety.]
1. Piety. [Obs.] Wyclif.
2. A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others;
sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion;
fellow-feeling; commiseration.
He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord. Prov. xix.
17.
He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog. Shak.
3. A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be
regretted. "The more the pity." Shak.
What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country!
Addison.
NOTE: &hand; In th is se nse, so metimes us ed in th e pl ural,
especially in the colloquialism: "It is a thousand pities."
Syn. -- Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy,
fellow-suffering; fellow-feeling. -- Pity, Sympathy, Compassion.
Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requiers a certain
degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest
exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness for another under severe or
inevitable misfortune. Pity regards its object not only as suffering,
but weak, and hence as inferior.
Pity
Pit"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitying.]
1. To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to
compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any
one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.
Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them
that fear him. Ps. ciii. 13.
2. To move to pity; -- used impersonally. [Obs.]
It pitieth them to see her in the dust. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Pity
Pit"y, v. i. To be compassionate; to show pity.
I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy. Jer. xiii. 14.
Pitying
Pit"y*ing, a. Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word. --
Pit"y*ing*ly, adv.
Pityriasis
Pit`y*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A superficial affection of
the skin, characterized by irregular patches of thin scales which are
shed in branlike particles. Pityriasis versicolor [NL.] (Med.), a
parasitic disease of the skin, characterized by the development of
reddish or brownish patches.
Pityroid
Pit"y*roid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Having the form of, or resembling,
bran. Smart.
Pi\'97
Pi"\'97 (?), adv. [It., fr. L. plus. See Plus.] (Mus.) A little more;
as, pi\'97 allegro, a little more briskly.
Pivot
Piv"ot (?), n. [F.; prob. akin to It. piva pipe, F. pipe. See Pipe.]
1. A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other
body turns.
2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as,
the pivot of an arbor in a watch.
3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which
important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise.
4. (Mil.) The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike
the company or line moves around him in wheeling; -- called also pivot
man.
Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the pivot
span, turns about a central vertical axis. -- Pivot gun, a gun mounted
on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction. --
Pivot tooth (Dentistry), an artificial crown attached to the root of a
natural tooth by a pin or peg.
Pivot
Piv"ot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pivoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pivoting.] To
place on a pivot. Clarke.
Pivotal
Piv"ot*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point;
belonging to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as,
the pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal position in a battle.
Pix
Pix (?), n. & v. See Pyx.
Pixy, Pixie
Pix"y, Pix"ie (?), n.; pl. Pixies (#). [For Pucksy, from Puck.]
1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.]
2. (Bot.) A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata),
with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey
and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring.
Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool (Bot.),
a toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.]
Pixy-led
Pix"y-led` (?), a. Led by pixies; bewildered.
Pizzicato
Piz`zi*ca"to (?). [It., pinched.] (Mus.) A direction to violinists to
pluck the string with the finger, instead of using the bow. (Abrev.
pizz.)
Pizzle
Piz"zle (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G. pissel, pesel, peisel, peserich, D. pees
a tendon or spring.] The penis; -- so called in some animals, as the
bull. Shak.
Placability
Pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. placabilitas: cf. F. placabilit\'82.] The
quality or state of being placable or appeasable; placable
disposition.
Placable
Pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L. placabilis, fr. placare to quiet, pacify: cf.
F. placable. See Placate.] Capable of being appeased or pacified;
ready or willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone.
Methought I saw him placable and mild. Milton.
Placableness
Pla"ca*ble*ness, n. The quality of being placable.
Placard
Pla*card" (?), n. [F., fr. plaquer to lay or clap on, plaque plate,
tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. plakken to paste, post up, plak a
flat piece of wood.]
1. A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority.
[Obs.]
All placards or edicts are published in his name. Howell.
2. Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to
do something. [Obs.] ller.
3. A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration,
posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster.
4. (Anc. Armor) An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or
backplate. Planch\'82.
5. [Cf. Placket.] A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn
in the fifteenth century and later.
Placard
Pla*card", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Placarding.]
1. To post placards upon or within; as, to placard a wall, to placard
the city.
2. To announce by placards; as, to placard a sale.
Placate
Plac"ate (?), n. Same as Placard, 4 & 5.
Placate
Pla"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Placating.] [L. placatus, p.p. of placare to placate, akin to placere
to please. See Please.] To appease; to pacify; to concilate.
"Therefore is he always propitiated and placated." Cudworth.
Placation
Pla*ca"tion (?), n. [L. placatio.] The act of placating. [R.]
Puttenham (1589).
Place
Place (?), n. [F., fr. L. platea a street, an area, a courtyard, from
Gr. platei^a a street, properly fem. of platy`s, flat, broad; akin to
Skr. p&rsdot;thu, Lith. platus. Cf. Flawn, Piazza, Plate, Plaza.]
1. Any portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all
other space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position;
ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space.
Here is the place appointed. Shak.
What place can be for us Within heaven's bound? Milton.
The word place has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for
that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a place.
Locke.
2. A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short
part of a street open only at one end. "Hangman boys in the market
place." Shak.
3. A position which is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a
village, town, or city; a fortified town or post; a stronghold; a
region or country.
Are you native of this place? Shak.
4. Rank; degree; grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or
importance; especially, social rank or position; condition; also,
official station; occupation; calling. "The enervating magic of
place." Hawthorne.
Men in great place are thrice servants. Bacon.
I know my place as I would they should do theirs. Shak.
5. Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the departure or
removal of another being or thing being implied). "In place of Lord
Bassanio." Shak.
6. A definite position or passage of a document.
The place of the scripture which he read was this. Acts viii. 32.
7. Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; as, he said
in the first place.
8. Reception; effect; -- implying the making room for.
My word hath no place in you. John viii. 37.
9. (Astron.) Position in the heavens, as of a heavenly body; --
usually defined by its right ascension and declination, or by its
latitude and longitude.
Place of arms (Mil.), a place calculated for the rendezvous of men in
arms, etc., as a fort which affords a safe retreat for hospitals,
magazines, etc. Wilhelm. -- High place (Script.), a mount on which
sacrifices were offered. "Him that offereth in the high place." Jer.
xlviii. 35. -- In place, in proper position; timely. -- Out of place,
inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were out of place. -- Place
kick (Football), the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed
on the ground. -- Place name, the name of a place or locality. London
Academy. -- To give place, to make room; to yield; to give way; to
give advantage. "Neither give place to the devil." Eph. iv. 27. "Let
all the rest give place." Shak. -- To have place, to have a station,
room, or seat; as, such desires can have no place in a good heart. --
To take place. (a) To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony will
not take place. (b) To take precedence or priority. Addison. (c) To
take effect; to prevail. "If your doctrine takes place." Berkeley.
"But none of these excuses would take place." Spenser. -- To take the
place of, to be substituted for. Syn. -- Situation; seat; abode;
position; locality; location; site; spot; office; employment; charge;
function; trust; ground; room; stead.
Place
Place (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Placing
(?).] [Cf. F. placer. See Place, n.]
1. To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a
certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to
settle; to locate; as, to place a book on a shelf; to place balls in
tennis.
Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. Shak.
2. To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to
surround with particular circumstances or relations in life; to
appoint to certain station or condition of life; as, in whatever
sphere one is placed.
Place such over them to be rulers. Ex. xviii. 21.
3. To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; as, to place money in a
bank.
4. To set; to fix; to repose; as, to place confidence in a friend. "My
resolution 's placed." Shak.
5. To attribute; to ascribe; to set down.
Place it for her chief virtue. Shak.
To place (a person), to identify him. [Colloq. U.S.] Syn. -- See Put.
Placebo
Pla*ce"bo (?), n. [L., I shall please, fut. of placere to please.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead.
2. (Med.) A prescription intended to humor or satisfy.
To sing placebo, to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant
to. Chaucer. <-- placebo effect -->
Placeful
Place"ful (?), a. In the appointed place. [Obs.]
Placeless
Place"less, a. Having no place or office.
Placeman
Place"man (?), n.; pl. Placemen (. One who holds or occupies a place;
one who has office under government. Sir W. Scott.
Placement
Place"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. placement.]
1. The act of placing, or the state of being placed.
2. Position; place.
Placenta
Pla*cen"ta (?), n.; pl. L. Placent\'91 (#), E. Placentas (#). [L., a
cake, Gr.
1. (Anat.) The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the
parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.
NOTE: &hand; In most mammals the placenta is principally developed
from the allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its
surface penetrate the blood vessels of the parental uterus, and
thus establish a nutritive and excretory connection between the
blood of the fetus and that of the parent, though the blood itself
does not flow from one to the other.
2. (Bot.) The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds
are attached.
Placental
Pla*cen"tal (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or characterized by
having, a placenta; as, a placental mammal.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.
Placental
Pla*cen"tal, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Placentalia.
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Placentalia
Plac`en*ta"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Mammalia
including those that have a placenta, or all the orders above the
marsupials.
Placentary
Pla*cen"ta*ry (?), a. Having reference to the placenta; as, the
placentary system of classification.
Placentation
Plac`en*ta"tion (?), n.
1. (Anat.) The mode of formation of the placenta in different animals;
as, the placentation of mammals.
2. (Bot.) The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; as,
axile placentation; parietal placentation.
Placentiferous
Plac`en*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Placenta + -ferous.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)
Having or producing a placenta.
Placentiform
Pla*cen"ti*form (?), a. [Placenta + -form.] (Bot.) Having the shape of
a placenta, or circular thickened disk somewhat thinner about the
middle.
Placentious
Pla*cen"tious (?), a. [See Please.] Pleasing; amiable. [Obs.] "A
placentious person." Fuller.
Place-proud
Place"-proud` (?), a. Proud of rank or office. Beau. & Fl.
Placer
Pla"cer (?), n. One who places or sets. Spenser.
Placer
Plac"er (?), n. [Sp.] A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing
valuable mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or
in the bed of a mountain torrent. [U.S.]
Placet
Pla"cet (?), n. [L. placet it pleases.]
1. A vote of assent, as of the governing body of a university, of an
ecclesiastical council, etc.
2. The assent of the civil power to the promulgation of an
ecclesiastical ordinance. Shipley.
The king . . . annulled the royal placet. J. P. Peters.
Placid
Plac"id (?), a. [L. placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from placere
to please: cf. F. placide. See Please.] Pleased; contented; unruffied;
undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle. "That placid
aspect and meek regard." Milton. "Sleeping . . . the placid sleep of
infancy." Macaulay.
Placidity
Pla*cid"i*ty (?), n. [L. placiditas: cf. F. placidit\'82.] The quality
or state of being placid; calmness; serenity. Hawthorne.
Placidly
Plac"id*ly (?), adv. In a placid manner.
Placidness
Plac"id*ness, n. The quality or state of being placid.
Placit
Plac"it (?), n. [L. placitum. See Plea.] A decree or determination; a
dictum. [Obs.] "The placits and opinions of other philosophers."
Evelyn.
Placitory
Plac"i*to*ry (?), a. [See Placit.] Of or pertaining to pleas or
pleading, in courts of law. [Obs.] Clayton.
Placitum
Plac"i*tum (?), n.; pl. Placita (#). [LL. See Placit.]
1. A public court or assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the
sovereign president when a consultation was held upon affairs of
state. Brande & C.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A court, or cause in court.
3. (Law) A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit. Burrill.
Plack
Plack (?), n. [F. plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.] A small copper
coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less than a cent.
With not a plack in the pocket of the poet. Prof. Wilson.
Placket
Plack"et (?), n. [F. plaquer to lay or clap on. See Placard.]
1. A petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a
woman. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
2. The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in
putting it on; -- called also placket hole.
3. A woman's pocket.
Placoderm
Plac"o*derm (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) One of the Placodermi.
Placodermal
Plac`o*der"mal (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the placoderms;
like the placoderms.
Placodermata
Plac`o*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Placodermi.
Placodermi
Plac`o*der"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct group of
fishes, supposed to be ganoids. The body and head were covered with
large bony plates. See Illust. under Pterichthys, and Coccosteus.
Placoganoid
Plac`o*ga"noid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.
Placoganoidei
Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See Ganoidei.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ganoid fishes including those that have large
external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.
Placoid
Plac"oid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Platelike; having irregular,
platelike, bony scales, often bearing spines; pertaining to the
placoids.
Placoid
Plac"oid, n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any fish having placoid scales, as the
sharks. (b) One of the Placoides.
Placoides
Pla*coi"des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of fishes including
the sharks and rays; the Elasmobranchii; -- called also Placoidei.
Placoidian
Pla*coid"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the placoids.
Placophora
Pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
gastropod Mollusca, including the chitons. The back is covered by
eight shelly plates. Called also Polyplacophora. See Illust. under
Chiton, and Isopleura.
Plaga
Pla"ga (?), n.; pl. Plag\'91 (#). [L. pl\'bega a blow, a welt, a
stripe.] (Zo\'94l.) A stripe of color.
Plagal
Pla"gal (?), a. [F., from Gr. (Mus.) Having a scale running from the
dominant to its octave; -- said of certain old church modes or tunes,
as opposed to those called authentic, which ran from the tonic to its
octave. Plagal cadence, a cadence in which the final chord on the
tonic is preceded by the chord on the subdominant.
Plagate
Pla"gate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having plag\'91, or irregular enlongated
color spots.
Plage
Plage (?), n. [F., fr. L. plaga.] A region; country. [Obs.] "The
plages of the north." Chaucer.
Plagiarism
Pla"gia*rism (?), n. [Cf. F. plagiarisme.]
1. The act or practice of plagiarizing.
2. That which plagiarized.
Plagiarist
Pla"gia*rist (?), n. One who plagiarizes; or purloins the words,
writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his own; a
literary thief; a plagiary.
Plagiarize
Pla"gia*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagiarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plagiarizing.] To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to
appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of
another).
Plagiary
Pla"gia*ry, v. i. To commit plagiarism.
Plagiary
Pla"gia*ry (?), n.; pl. Plagiaries (#). [L. plagiarius a kidnaper, a
literary thief, fr. plagium kidnaping; cf. plaga a net, perh. akin to
E. plait: cf. F. plagiaire.]
1. A manstealer; a kidnaper. [Obs.]
2. One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as
his own; a plagiarist. Dryden.
3. Plagiarism; literary thief. Milton.
Plagiary
Pla"gia*ry, a.
1. Kidnaping. [Obs.] E. Browne.
2. Practicing plagiarism. Bp. Hall.
Plagihedral
Pla`gi*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. (Crystallog.) Having an oblique spiral
arrangement of planes, as levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.
Plagiocephalic
Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Having an oblique lateral
deformity of the skull.
Plagiocephaly
Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly (?), n. (Anat.) Oblique lateral deformity of the
skull.
Plagioclase
Pla"gi*o*clase (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A general term used of any
triclinic feldspar. See the Note under Feldspar.
Plagionite
Pla"gi*o*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A sulphide of lead and antimony, of
a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster.
Plagiostomatous
Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Plagiostomous.
Plagiostome
Pla"gi*o*stome (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Plagiostomi.
Plagiostomi
Pla`gi*os"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
fishes including the sharks and rays; -- called also Plagiostomata.
Plagiostomous
Pla`gi*os"to*mous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Plagiostomi.
Plagiotremata
Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta (?), n. pl.; [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Lepidosauria.
Plagiotropic
Pla`gi*o*trop"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the longer axis inclined
away from the vertical line.
Plagium
Pla"gi*um (?), n. [L.] (Civil Law) Manstealing; kidnaping.
Plagose
Pla*gose" (?), a. [L. plagosus. See Plague.] Fond of flogging; as, a
plagose master. [R.]
Plague
Plague (?), n. [L. plaga a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. plangere
to strike, beat. Cf. Plaint.]
1. That which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any
afflictive evil or torment; a great trail or vexation. Shak.
And men blasphemed God for the plague of hail. Wyclif.
The different plague of each calamity. Shak.
2. (Med.) An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in
Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of
Europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great
London plague. "A plague upon the people fell." Tennyson.
Cattle plague. See Rinderpest. -- Plague mark, Plague spot, a spot or
mark of the plague; hence, a token of something incurable.
Plague
Plague, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plaguing.]
1. To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any
kind.
Thus were they plagued And worn with famine. Milton.
2. Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass.
She will plague the man that loves her most. Spenser.
Syn. -- To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease;
tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.
Plagueful
Plague"ful (?), a. Abounding, or infecting, with plagues;
pestilential; as, plagueful exhalations.
Plagueless
Plague"less, a. Free from plagues or the plague.
Plaguer
Pla"guer (?), n. One who plagues or annoys.
Plaguily
Pla"gui*ly (?), adv. In a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely.
[Colloq.] "Ronsard is so plaguily stiff and stately." Landor.
Plaguy
Pla"guy (?), a. Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; as, a plaguy
horse. [Colloq.] Also used adverbially; as, "He is so plaguy proud."
Shak.
Plaice
Plaice (?), n. [F. plaise, plais, prob. fr. L. platessa flatish,
plaice. See Place.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European food fish (Pleuronectes
platessa), allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight
or ten pounds or more. (b) A large American flounder (Paralichthys
dentatus; called also brail, puckermouth, and summer flounder. The
name is sometimes applied to other allied species. [Written also
plaise.] Plaice mouth, a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry
mouth. [R.] B. Jonson.
Plaid
Plaid (?), n. [Gael. plaide a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. peallaid a
sheepskin, fr. peall a skin or hide. CF. Pillion.]
1. A rectangular garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the
checkered material called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray
with black stripes. It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.
2. Goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or
tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.
Plaid
Plaid, a. Having a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid;
checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one
another; as, plaid muslin.
Plaided
Plaid"ed, a.
1. Of the material of which plaids are made; tartan. "In plaided
vest." Wordsworth.
2. Wearing a plaid. Campbell.
Plaiding
Plaid"ing (?), n. Plaid cloth.
Plain
Plain (?), v. i. [OE. playne, pleyne, fr. F. plaindre. See Plaint.] To
lament; to bewail; to complain. [Archaic & Poetic] Milton.
We with piteous heart unto you pleyne. Chaucer.
Plain
Plain, v. t. To lament; to mourn over; as, to plain a loss. [Archaic &
Poetic] Sir J. Harrington.
Plain
Plain, a. [Compar. Plainer (?); superl. Plainest.] [F., level, flat,
fr. L. planus, perhaps akin to E. floor. Cf. Llano, Piano, Plan, Plane
level, a level surface.]
1. Without elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. See
Plane.
The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain.
Isa. xl. 4.
2. Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.
Our troops beat an army in plain fight. Felton.
3. Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear;
unmistakable. "'T is a plain case." Shak.
4. (a) Void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious
embellishment; not rich; simple. (b) Not highly cultivated;
unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural;
homely; common. "Plain yet pious Christians." Hammond. "The plain
people." A. Lincoln. (c) Free from affectation or disguise; candid;
sincere; artless; honest; frank. "An honest mind, and plain." Shak.
(d) Not luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; as, plain food. (e)
Without beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a plain woman. (f) Not
variegated, dyed, or figured; as, plain muslin. (g) Not much varied by
modulations; as, a plain tune.
Plain battle, open battle; pitched battle. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Plain
chant (Mus.) Same as Plain song, below. -- Plain chart (Naut.), a
chart laid down on Mercator's projection. -- Plain dealer. (a) One who
practices plain dealing. (b) A simpleton. [Obs.] Shak. -- Plain
dealing. See under Dealing. -- Plain molding (Join.), molding of which
the surfaces are plain figures. -- Plain sewing, sewing of seams by
simple and common stitches, in distinct from fancy work, embroidery,
etc.; -- distinguished also from designing and fitting garments. --
Plain song. (a) The Gregorian chant, or canto fermo; the prescribed
melody of the Roman Catholic service, sung in unison, in tones of
equal length, and rarely extending beyond the compass of an octave.
(b) A simple melody. -- Plain speaking, plainness or bluntness of
speech. Syn. -- Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected;
undisguised; frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished;
downright; blunt; clear; simple; distinct; manifest; obvious;
apparent. See Manifest.
Plain
Plain, adv. In a plain manner; plainly. "To speak short and pleyn."
Chaucer. "To tell you plain." Shak.
Plain
Plain, n. [Cf. OF. plaigne, F. plaine. See Plain, a.]
1. Level land; usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with
an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the
plain of Jordan; the American plains, or prairies.
Descending fro the mountain into playn. Chaucer.
Him the Ammonite Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain. Milton.
2. A field of battle. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.
Lead forth my soldiers to the plain. Shak.
Plain
Plain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plained (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaining.] [Cf.
Plane, v.]
1. To plane or level; to make plain or even on the surface. [R.]
We would rake Europe rather, plain the East. Wither.
2. To make plain or manifest; to explain.
What's dumb in show, I'll plain in speech. Shak.
Plainant
Plain"ant (?), n. [See 1st Plain.] (Law) One who makes complaint; the
plaintiff. [Obs.]
Plain-dealing
Plain"-deal`ing (?), a. Practicing plain dealing; artless. See Plain
dealing, under Dealing. Shak.
Plain-hearted
Plain"-heart`ed (?), a. Frank; sincere; artless. Milton. --
Plain"-heart`ed*ness, n.
Plaining
Plain"ing, n. Complaint. [Poetic] Shak.
Plaining
Plain"ing, a. Complaining. [Poetic] Bryant.
Plain-laid
Plain"-laid` (?), a. (Naut.) Consisting of strands twisted together in
the ordinary way; as, a plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage.
Plainly
Plain"ly, adv. In a plain manner; clearly.
Plainness
Plain"ness, n. The quality or state of being plain.
Plainsman
Plains"man (?), n.; pl. -men (. One who lives in the plains.
Plain-spoken
Plain"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity;
also, spoken sincerely; as, plain-spoken words. Dryden.
Plaint
Plaint (?), n. [OE. plainte, pleynte, F. plainte, fr. L. plangere,
planctum (plancta, fem. p.p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf.
Complain, Plague, Plangent.]
1. Audible expression of sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a
mournful song; a lament. Chaucer."The Psalmist's mournful plaint."
Wordsworth.
2. An accusation or protest on account of an injury.
There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of plaint, two
upon defense. Bacon.
3. (Law) A private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person
sets forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in
writing. Blackstone.
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Plaintful
Plaint"ful (?), a. Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow
with an audible voice. "My plaintful tongue." Sir P. Sidney.
Plaintiff
Plain"tiff (?), n. [F. plaintif making complaint, plaintive; in Old
French equiv. to plaignant complainant, prosecutor, fr. plaindre. See
Plaint, and cf. Plaintive.] (Law) One who commences a personal action
or suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; -- opposed to
defendant.
Plaintiff
Plain"tiff, a. See Plaintive. [Obs.] Prior.
Plaintive
Plain"tive (?), a. [F. plaintif. See Plaintiff, n.]
1. Repining; complaining; lamenting. Dryden.
2. Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad. "The most
plaintive ditty." Landor. -- Plain"tive*ly, adv. -- Plain"tive*ness,
n.
Plaintless
Plaint"less (?), a. Without complaint; unrepining. "Plaintless
patience." Savage.
Plaisance
Plai`sance" (?), n. [F.] See Pleasance.
Plaise
Plaise (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Plaice. [Obs.]
Plaister
Plais"ter (?), n. [Obs.] See Plaster.
Plait
Plait (?), n. [OE. playte, OF. pleit, L. plicatum, plicitum, p.p. of
plicare to fold, akin to plectere to plait. See Ply, and cf. Plat to
weave, Pleat, Plight fold.]
1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; as, a box plait.
The plaits and foldings of the drapery. Addison.
2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat.
Polish plait. (Med.) Same as Plica.
Plait
Plait, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaiting.]
1. To fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a
ruffle.
2. To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to
plait hair; to plait rope.
Plaited
Plait"ed, a. Folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved;
intricate; artful.
Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides. Shak.
Plaiter
Plait"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plaits.
Plan
Plan (?), n. [F., fr. L. planus flat, level. See Plain, a.]
1. A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as
a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the
representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as
of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.
2. A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or
described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the
plan of an expedition.
God's plans like lines pure and white unfold. M. R. Smith.
3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they
should keep who can. Wordsworth.
Body plan, Floor plan, etc. See under Body, Floor, etc. Syn. --
Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design;
contrivance; device. See Scheme.
Plan
Plan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planning.]
1. To form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a
diagram.
2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan
the conquest of a country.
Even in penance, planning sins anew. Goldsmith.
Planaria
Pla*na"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L. Planari\'91 (#), E. -rias (#). [NL. See
Planary.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of turbellarian worms belonging to
Planaria, and many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and
smooth. Some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.
Planarian
Pla*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Planarida, or
Dendroc\'d2la; any turbellarian worm. -- Pla*na"ri*an, a.
Planarida
Pla*nar"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Turbellaria;
the Dendroc\'d2la.
Planarioid
Pla*na"ri*oid (?), a. [Planaria + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like the
planarians.
Planary
Pla"na*ry (?), a. [L. planarius level. See Plane, a.] Of or pertaining
to a plane. [R.]
Planch
Planch (?), n. [F. planche.] A plank. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.
Planch
Planch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planching.]
[F. planche a board, plank. See Plank.] To make or cover with planks
or boards; to plank. [Obs.] "To that vineyard is a planched gate."
Shak.
Plancher
Planch"er (?), n. [F., planche. See Planch.]
1. A floor of wood; also, a plank. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. (Arch.) The under side of a cornice; a soffit.
Plancher
Planch"er, v. t. To form of planks. [Obs.] Golding.
Planchet
Planch"et (?), n. [F. planchette a small board, dim. of planche. See
Planch.] A flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to
be stamped as a coin.
Planchette
Plan`chette" (?), n. [F. See Planchet.]
1. A circumferentor. See Circumferentor.
2. A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil
attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the
hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes
translated as of oracular or supernatural import.
Planching
Planch"ing (?), n. The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor
of boards or planks.
Plane
Plane (?), n. [F., fr. L. platanus, Gr. Place, and cf. Platane,
Plantain the tree.] (Bot.) Any tree of the genus Platanus.
NOTE: &hand; Th e Or iental plane (Platanus orientalis) is a native
of Asia. It rises with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a
great height, with palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles,
sustaining several heads of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds
are downy, and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The
Occidental plane (Platanus occidentalis), which grows to a great
height, is a native of North America, where it is popularly called
sycamore, buttonwood, and buttonball, names also applied to the
California species (Platanus racemosa).
Plane
Plane (?), a. [L. planus: cf. F. plan. See Plan, a.] Without
elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or
constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface.
NOTE: &hand; In sc ience, th is wo rd (instead of plain) is almost
exclusively used to designate a flat or level surface.
Plane angle, the angle included between two straight lines in a plane.
-- Plane chart, Plane curve. See under Chart and Curve. -- Plane
figure, a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded
by straight lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by curved lines
it is a curvilinear plane figure. -- Plane geometry, that part of
geometry which treats of the relations and properties of plane
figures. -- Plane problem, a problem which can be solved geometrically
by the aid of the right line and circle only. -- Plane sailing
(Naut.), the method of computing a ship's place and course on the
supposition that the earth's surface is a plane. -- Plane scale
(Naut.), a scale for the use of navigators, on which are graduated
chords, sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc. --
Plane surveying, surveying in which the curvature of the earth is
disregarded; ordinary field and topographical surveying of tracts of
moderate extent. -- Plane table, an instrument used for plotting the
lines of a survey on paper in the field. -- Plane trigonometry, the
branch of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane
triangles.
Plane
Plane, n. [F. plane, L. plana. See Plane, v. & a.]
1. (Geom.) A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points
are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that
surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is a
straight line; a surface without curvature.
2. (Astron.) An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or
containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve;
as, the plane of an orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the
equator.
3. (Mech.) A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a
standard of flatness; a surface plate.
4. (Joinery) A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood,
for forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock,
usually of wood, from the under side or face of which projects
slightly the steel cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which
inclines backward, with an apperture in front for the escape of
shavings; as, the jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane,
etc.
Objective plane (Surv.), the horizontal plane upon which the object
which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is
supposed to stand. -- Perspective plane. See Perspective. -- Plane at
infinity (Geom.), a plane in which points infinitely distant are
conceived as situated. -- Plane iron, the cutting chisel of a joiner's
plane. -- Plane of polarization. (Opt.) See Polarization. -- Plane of
projection. (a) The plane on which the projection is made,
corresponding to the perspective plane in perspective; -- called also
principal plane. (b) (Descriptive Geom.) One of the planes to which
points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative
position in space. -- Plane of refraction OR reflection (Opt.), the
plane in which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or
reflected ray.
Plane
Plane, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planing.] [Cf.
F. planer, L. planare, fr. planus. See Plane, a., Plain, a., and cf.
Planish.]
1. To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the
surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a
plane; as, to plane a plank.
2. To efface or remove.
He planed away the names . . . written on his tables. Chaucer.
3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth. [R.]
What student came but that you planed her path. Tennyson.
Plane-parallel
Plane`-par"al*lel (?), a. (Optics) Having opposite surfaces exactly
plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.
Planer
Plan"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine
for planing wood or metals.
2. (Print.) A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form,
and making the surface even. Hansard.
Planer centers. See under Center.
Planer tree
Plan"er tree` (?). [From J.S.Planer, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A
small-leaved North American tree (Planera aquatica) related to the
elm, but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.
Planet
Plan"et (?), n. [OE. planete, F. plan\'8ate, L. planeta, fr. Gr.
1. (Astron.) A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit
of a moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a comet
by the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See
Solar system.
NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm pl anet was first used to distinguish those
stars which have an apparent motion through the constellations from
the fixed stars, which retain their relative places unchanged. The
inferior planets are Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun
than is the earth; the superior planets are Mars, the asteroids,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are farther from the
sun than is the earth. Primary planets are those which revolve
about the sun; secondary planets, or moons, are those which revolve
around the primary planets as satellites, and at the same time
revolve with them about the sun.
2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men.
There's some ill planet reigns. Shak.
Planet gear. (Mach.) See Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic. -- Planet
wheel, a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with which it
meshes, in an epicyclic train.
Plane table
Plane" ta`ble (?). See under Plane, a.
Planetarium
Plan`e*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. plan\'82taire. See Planetary.] An
orrery. See Orrery. <-- since the 1930's, orrery has retained its
original meaning, but planetarium now refers primarily to a room with
a dome-shaped roof, in which images of the night sky are projected
from a central projector. The projector itself is also called a
planetarium. -->
Planetary
Plan"et*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. planetarius an astrologer, F.
plan\'82taire planetary. See Planet.]
1. Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants;
planetary motions; planetary year.
2. Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.
3. (Astrol.) Under the dominion or influence of a planet. "Skilled in
the planetary hours." Drayton.
4. Caused by planets. "A planetary plague." Shak.
5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
"Erratical and planetary life." Fuller.
Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets known
to the ancients, each having its day. Hutton. -- Planetary nebula, a
nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet.
Planeted
Plan"et*ed, a. Belonging to planets. [R.] Young.
Planetic, Planetical
Pla*net"ic (?), Pla*net"ic*al (?), a. [L. planeticus, Gr. Of or
pertaining to planets. Sir T. Browne.
Planetoid
Plan"et*oid (?), n. [Planet + -oid.] (Astron.) A body resembling a
planet; an asteroid.
Planetoidal
Plan"et*oid*al (?), a. Pertaining to a planetoid.
Plane tree
Plane" tree` (?). (Bot.) Same as 1st Plane.
Planet-stricken, Planet-struck
Plan"et-strick`en (?), Plan"et-struck` (?), a. Affected by the
influence of planets; blasted. Milton.
Like planet-stricken men of yore He trembles, smitten to the core
By strong compunction and remorse. Wordsworth.
Planetule
Plan"et*ule (?), n. A little planet. [R.] Conybeare.
Plangency
Plan"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being plangent; a beating
sound. [R.]
Plangent
Plan"gent (?), a. [L. plangens, -entis, fr. plangere to beat. See
Plaint.] Beating; dashing, as a wave. [R.] "The plangent wave." H.
Taylor.
Plani-, Plano-
Plan"i- (?), Plan"o- (?). [L. planus. See Plane, a.] Combining forms
signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious, planimetry,
plano-concave.
Planifolious
Plan`i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [Plani- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.)
Flat-leaved.
Planiform
Plan"i*form (?), a. (Anat.) Having a plane surface; as, a planiform,
gliding, or arthrodial articulation.
Planimeter
Pla*nim"e*ter (?), n. [Plani- + -meter. Cf. Planometer.] An instrument
for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by
passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.
Planimetric; 277, Planimetrical
Plan`i*met"ric (?; 277), Plan`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
planim\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to planimetry.
Planimetry
Pla*nim"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. planim\'82trie.] The mensuration of
plane surfaces; -- distinguished from stereometry, or the mensuration
of volumes.
Planing
Plan"ing (?), a. & vb. n. fr. Plane, v. t. Planing machine. (a) See
Planer. (b) A complex machine for planing wood, especially boards,
containing usually a rapidly revolving cutter, which chips off the
surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed is passed under it
by feeding apparatus.
Planipennate
Pla`ni*pen"nate (?), a. Of or pertaining to Planipennia.
Planipennia
Pla`ni*pen"ni*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna wing.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad,
flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes.
Planipetalous
Plan`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Plani- + petal.] (Bot.) Having flat petals.
Planish
Plan"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Planishing.] [OF. planir, F. planer. See Plane, v., and -ish.] To make
smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and
polish by light blows with a hammer.
Planisher
Plan"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, planishes. Weale.
Planishing
Plan"ish*ing, a. & vb. n. from Planish, v. t. Planishing rolls
(Coining), rolls between which metal strips are passed while cold, to
bring them to exactly the required thickness.
Planisphere
Plan"i*sphere (?), n. [Plani- + sphere: cf. F. planisph\'8are. See
Plain, and Sphere.] The representation of the circles of the sphere
upon a plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere
upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing
the position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars,
etc., for any given date or hour.
Planispheric
Plan`i*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a planisphere.
Plank
Plank (?), n. [OE. planke, OF. planque, planche, F. planche, fr. L.
planca; cf. Gr. Planch.]
1. A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being
thicker. See Board.
2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer.
His charity is a better plank than the faith of an intolerant and
bitter-minded bigot. Southey.
3. One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of
a party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform. [Cant]
Plank road, OR Plank way, a road surface formed of planks. [U.S.] --
To walk the plank, to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a
ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; -- a method of
disposing of captives practiced by pirates.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1095
Plank
Plank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planking.]
1. To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship.
"Planked with pine." Dryden.
2. To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to
plank money in a wager. [Colloq. U.S.]
3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.
4. (Wooden Manuf.) To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for
subsequent drawing.
Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before
a wood fire.
Planking
Plank"ing, n.
1. The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of
planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.
2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank, v. t., 4.
Plank-sheer
Plank"-sheer` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) The course of plank laid
horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.
Planless
Plan"less (?), a. Having no plan.
Planner
Plan"ner (?), n. One who plans; a projector.
Plano-
Pla"no- (?). See Plani-.
Planoblast
Plan"o*blast (?), n. [Gr. -blast.] (Zo\'94l.) Any free-swimming
gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.
Plano-concave
Pla"no-con"cave (?), a. [Plano- + concave.] Plane or flat on one side,
and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. See Lens.
Plano-conical
Pla"no-con"ic*al (?), a. [Plano- + conical.] Plane or flat on one
side, and conical on the other. Grew.
Plano-convex
Pla"no-con"vex (?), a. [Plano- + convex.] Plane or flat on one side,
and convex on the other; as, a plano-convex lens. See Convex, and
Lens.
Plano-horizontal
Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Plano- + horizontal.] Having a level
horizontal surface or position. Lee.
Planometer
Pla*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Plano- + -meter. Cf. Planimeter.] An instrument
for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under
Surface.
Planometry
Pla*nom"e*try (?), n. (Mech.) The art or process of producing or
gauging a plane surface.
Plano-orbicular
Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar (?), a. [Plano- + orbicular.] Plane or flat on one
side, and spherical on the other.
Planorbis
Pla*nor"bis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. planus flat + orbis a circle.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to
Planorbis and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.
Plano-subulate
Pla"no-su"bu*late (?), a. [Plano- + subulate.] Smooth and awl-shaped.
See Subulate.
Plant
Plant (?), n. [AS. plante, L. planta.]
1. A vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling
and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and
leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion,
or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule.
NOTE: &hand; Pl ants ar e divided by their structure and methods of
reproduction into two series, ph\'91nogamous or flowering plants,
which have true flowers and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless
plants, which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled
spores. In both series are minute and simple forms and others of
great size and complexity. As to their mode of nutrition, plants
may be considered as self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting
plants always contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture
and the matter dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they
excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic acid to combine with water and
form the material for their tissues. Dependent plants comprise all
fungi and many flowering plants of a parasitic or saprophytic
nature. As a rule, they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or
wholly on matter already organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds
already existing, and not excreting oxygen. But there are plants
which are partly dependent and partly self-supporting. The
movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of
leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary
motion of zo\'94spores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary
motion.
2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. "A plant
of stubborn oak." Dryden.
3. The sole of the foot. [R.] "Knotty legs and plants of clay." B.
Jonson.
4. (Com.) The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a
trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate,
and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying
on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished
products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad.
5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. [Slang]
It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey. Dickens.
6. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from
one of natural growth. (b) A young oyster suitable for transplanting.
[Local, U.S.] <-- a person who joins a group, to spy on them on behalf
of another person or group -->
Plant bug (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous hemipterous insects which
injure the foliage of plants, as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat
and trees. -- Plant cutter (Zo\'94l.), a South American passerine bird
of the genus Phytotoma, family Phytotomid\'91. It has a serrated bill
with which it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often
doing much injury. -- Plant louse (Zo\'94l.), any small hemipterous
insect which infests plants, especially those of the families
Aphid\'91 and Psyllid\'91; an aphid.
Plant
Plant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Planting.]
[AS. plantian, L. plantare. See Plant, n.]
1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant
maize.
2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable
with roots.
Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees. Deut. xvi. 21.
3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an
orchard, or a forest.
4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.
It engenders choler, planteth anger. Shak.
5. To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to
establish; as, to plant a colony.
Planting of countries like planting of woods. Bacon.
6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant
Christianity among the heathen.
7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant
cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant
one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face.
8. To set up; to install; to instate.
We will plant some other in the throne. Shak.
Plant
Plant, v. i. To perform the act of planting.
I have planted; Apollos watered. 1 Cor. iii. 6.
Plantable
Plant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being planted; fit to be planted. B.
Edwards.
Plantage
Plant"age (?), n. A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants
in general, or anything that is planted.
As true as steel, as plantage to the moon. Shak. (Troil. iii. sc.
2).
Plantain
Plan"tain (?), n. [Cf. F. plantain-arbre, plantanier, Sp. pl\'a0ntano,
pl\'a0tano; prob. same word as plane tree.]
1. (Bot.) A treelike perennial herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical
regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits
called plantains. See Musa. <-- a type of banana -->
2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical,
slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a
thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of
food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked.<-- resembling
the banana of commerce, but smaller -->
Plantain cutter, OR Plantain eater (Zo\'94l.), any one of several
large African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family Musophagid\'91,
especially Musophaga violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the
cuckoos. -- Plantain squirrel (Zo\'94l.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus
plantani) which feeds upon plantains. -- Plantain tree (Bot.), the
treelike herb Musa paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above).
Plantain
Plan"tain, n. [F., fr. L. plantago. Cf. Plant.] (Bot.) Any plant of
the genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a low herb with broad
spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is
a native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in
nearly all parts of the world. Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under
Indian. -- Mud plantain, a homely North American aquatic plant
(Heteranthera reniformis), having broad, reniform leaves. --
Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant (Goodyera pubescens), with
the leaves blotched and spotted with white. -- Ribwort plantain. See
Ribwort. -- Robin's plantain, the Erigeron bellidifolium, a common
daisylike plant of North America. -- Water plantain, a plant of the
genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and formerly regarded as a specific
against hydrophobia. Loudon.
Plantal
Plant"al (?), a. [L. planta a plant.] Belonging to plants; as, plantal
life. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Plantar
Plan"tar (?), a. [L. plantaris, fr. planta the sole of the foot.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar
arteries.
Plantation
Plan*ta"tion (?), n. [L. plantatio: cf. F. plantation.]
1. The act or practice of planting, or setting in the earth for
growth. [R.]
2. The place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of
ground planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United States
and West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the
more important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the
estate; as, a cotton plantation; a coffee plantation.
3. An original settlement in a new country; a colony.
While these plantations were forming in Connecticut. B. Trumbull.
Plant-cane
Plant"-cane` (?), n. A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first
growth from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years
is of inferior quality, and is called rattoon.
Plant-eating
Plant"-eat`ing (?), a. Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a
plant-eating beetle.
Planted
Plant"ed (?), a. (Joinery) Fixed in place, as a projecting member
wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted molding.
Planter
Plant"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a planterof corn; a
machine planter.
2. One who owns or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar planter; a
coffee planter.
3. A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; as, the first
planters in Virginia. <-- a movable box or a fixed low, open
structure, as of brick, in which plants are grown for decorative
purposes. -->
Plantership
Plant"er*ship, n. The occupation or position of a planter, or the
management of a plantation, as in the United States or the West
Indies.
Planticle
Plant"i*cle (?), n. [Dim. of Plant.] A young plant, or plant in
embryo. E. Darwin.
Plantigrada
Plan`ti*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A subdivision of Carnivora
having plantigrade feet. It includes the bears, raccoons, and allied
species.
Plantigrade
Plan"ti*grade (?), a. [L. planta sole of the foot + gradi to walk: cf.
F. plantigrade.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Walking on the sole of the foot;
pertaining to the plantigrades. (b) Having the foot so formed that the
heel touches the ground when the leg is upright.
Plantigrade
Plan"ti*grade, n. (Zo\'94l.) A plantigrade animal, or one that walks
or steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears.
Planting
Plant"ing (?), n.
1. The act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as
seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, as of trees;
the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.
2. That which is planted; a plantation.
Trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord. Isa. lxi. 3.
3. (Arch.) The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation.
[Eng.]
Plantless
Plant"less, a. Without plants; barren of vegetation.
Plantlet
Plant"let, n. A little plant.
Plantocracy
Plan*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Planter + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government
by planters; planters, collectively. [R.]
Plantule
Plant"ule (?), n. [F., dim. of plante a plant, L. planta.] (Bot.) The
embryo which has begun its development in the act of germination.
Planula
Plan"u*la (?), n.; pl. Planul\'91 (#). [L., a little plane.]
1. (Biol.) In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid,
formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner
as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange
themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the
morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.<--
now usu. gastrula -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) The very young, free-swimming larva of the
c\'d2lenterates. It usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and
is entirely covered with cilia.
Planxty
Planx"ty (?), n. [Cf. L. plangere to mourn aloud.] (Mus.) An Irish or
Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character.
Plaque
Plaque (?), n. [F. Cf. Plack, and see Placard.] Any flat, thin piece
of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting
pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall;
also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch.
Plash
Plash (?), n. [OD. plasch. See Plash, v.]
1. A small pool of standing water; a puddle. Bacon. "These shallow
plashes." Barrow.
2. A dash of water; a splash.
Plash
Plash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.]
[Cf. D. plassen, G. platschen. Cf. Splash.] To dabble in water; to
splash. "Plashing among bedded pebbles." Keats.
Far below him plashed the waters. Longfellow.
Plash
Plash, v. t.
1. To splash, as water.
2. To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to plash a wall in
imitation of granite.
Plash
Plash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] [OF.
plaissier, plessier, to bend. Cf. Pleach.] To cut partly, or to bend
and intertwine the branches of; as, to plash a hedge. Evelyn.
Plash
Plash, n. The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or
intertwined with, other branches.
Plashet
Plash"et (?), n. [Plash + -et.] A small pond or pool; a puddle.
Plashing
Plash"ing, n.
1. The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches of small
trees, as in hedges.
2. The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of
buildings, to imitate granite, etc.
Plashoot
Plash"oot (?), n. A hedge or fence formed of branches of trees
interlaced, or plashed. [Obs.] Carew.
Plashy
Plash"y (?), a. [From 1st Plash.]
1. Watery; abounding with puddles; splashy. "Plashy fens." Milton.
"The plashy earth." Wordsworth.
2. Specked, as if plashed with color. Keats.
Plasm
Plasm (?), n. [L. plasma anything formed or molded, that which is
molded, Gr. plasme. Cf. Plasma.]
1. A mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a
particular shape. [R.] Woodward.
2. (Biol.) Same as Plasma.
Plasma
Plas"ma (?), n. [See Plasm.]
1. (Min.) A variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek
green, which is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much
esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.
2. (Biol.) The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of
which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation;
protoplasm.
3. Unorganized material; elementary matter.
4. (Med.) A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for
ointments. U. S. Disp. <-- = blood plasma --> <-- 6. (physics) a state
of matter in which charged particles have sufficient energy to move
freely, rather than bound in atoms as in ordinary matter; it has some
of the properties of a gas, but is a conductor of electricity; plasmas
are found naturally in the atmosphere of stars, and can be created in
special laboratory apparatus -->
Blood plasma (Physiol.), the colorless fluid of the blood, in which
the red and white blood corpuscles are suspended. -- Muscle plasma
(Physiol.), the fundamental part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid,
albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death
of the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1096
Plasmatic, Plasmatical
Plas*mat"ic (?), Plas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr.
1. Forming; shaping; molding. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma;
containing, or conveying, plasma.
Plasmation
Plas*ma"tion (?), n. [L. plasmatio.] The act of forming or molding.
[R.] Grafton.
Plasmator
Plas*ma"tor (?), n. [L.] A former; a fashioner. [R.] "The sovereign
plasmator, God Almighty." Urquhart.
Plasmature
Plas"ma*ture (?), n. Form; mold. [R.]
Plasmic
Plas"mic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or connected with, plasma;
plasmatic. <-- Plasmid, n. A piece of DNA, usually circular,
functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated
with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome,
but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In
bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance;
they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for
introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup
of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins
which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant
cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed
properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease. . -->
Plasmin
Plas"min (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid body, separated by some
physiologists from blood plasma. It is probably identical with
fibrinogen.
Plasmodial
Plas*mo"di*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to, or like, a
plasmodium; as, the plasmodial form of a life cycle.
Plasmodium
Plas*mo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Plasmodia (#). [NL. See Plasma.]
1. (Biol.) A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of
am\'d2boid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union
of several am\'d2balike young, and constituting one of the stages in
the life cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms. <-- (a) a genus
of microorganisms (b) an individual malarial parasite cell. -->
Plasmogen
Plas"mo*gen (?), n. [Plasma + -gen.] (Biol.) The important living
portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest
elaboration. Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.
Plasson
Plas"son (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The albuminous material
composing the body of a cytode.
NOTE: &hand; It is co nsidered si mpler th an pr otoplasm of an
ordinary cell in that it has not undergone differentiation into the
inner cell nucleus and the outer cell substance.
Haeckel.
Plaster
Plas"ter (?), n. [AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. emplastrum, Gr.
plastre a plaster (in sense 2), F. pl\'83tre. Cf. Plastic, Emplaster,
Piaster.] [Formerly written also plaister.]
1. (Med.) An external application of a consistency harder than
ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or
other material. It is adhesive at the ordinary temperature of the
body, and is used, according to its composition, to produce a
medicinal effect, to bind parts together, etc.; as, a porous plaster;
sticking plaster.
2. A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a
bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See
Mortar.
3. Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as
used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum
used as a fertilizer.
Plaster cast, a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris
mixed with water into a mold. -- Plaster of Paris. [So called because
originally brought from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.) Anhydrous calcium
sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which
soon sets or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term
is loosely applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum. --
Plaster of Paris bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a paste of
plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint.<--
= plaster cast, cast --> -- Plaster stone, any species of gypsum. See
Gypsum.
Plaster
Plas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plastered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plastering.] [Cf. OF. plastrer to plaster (in sense 2), F.
pl\'83trer.]
1. To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.
2. To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a
house.
3. Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide,
as with a covering of plaster. Bale.
Plasterer
Plas"ter*er (?), n.
1. One who applies plaster or mortar. "Thy father was a plasterer."
Shak.
2. One who makes plaster casts. "The plasterer doth make his figures
by addition." Sir H. Wotton.
Plastering
Plas"ter*ing, n.
1. Same as Plaster, n., 2.
2. The act or process of overlaying with plaster.
3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork.
Plasterly
Plas"ter*ly, a. Resembling plaster of Paris. [R.] "Out of gypseous or
plasterly ground." Fuller.
Plasterwork
Plas"ter*work` (?), n. Plastering used to finish architectural
constructions, exterior or interior, especially that used for the
lining of rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the
work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and ornaments.
Plastery
Plas"ter*y, a. Of the nature of plaster.
The stone . . . is a poor plastery material. Clough.
-plastic
-plas"tic (?). [Gr. A combining form signifying developing, forming,
growing; as, heteroplastic, monoplastic, polyplastic.
Plastic
Plas"tic (?), a. [L. plasticus, Gr. plastique.]
1. Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as,
the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior.
See plastic Nature working to his end. Pope.
2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; --
used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child.
3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or
modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or
modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction
from painting and the graphic arts.
Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the
palmy days of Italian art. J. S. Harford.
<-- composed of a plastic substance --> Plastic clay (Geol.), one of
the beds of the Eocene period; -- so called because used in making
pottery. Lyell. -- Plastic element (Physiol.), one that bears within
the germs of a higher form. -- Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation
thrown out upon a wounded surface and constituting the material of
repair by which the process of healing is effected. -- Plastic foods.
(Physiol.) See the second Note under Food. -- Plastic force.
(Physiol.) See under Force. -- Plastic operation, an operation in
plastic surgery. -- Plastic surgery, that branch of surgery which is
concerned with the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed
parts of the body. <-- plastic, n. a substance composed predominantly
of a synthetic organic high polymer capable of being cast or molded;
many varieties of plastic are used to produce articles of commerce
(after 1900). [MW10 gives origin of word as 1905] -->
Plastical
Plas"tic*al (?), a. See Plastic. [R.]
Plastically
Plas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a plastic manner.
Plasticity
Plas*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plasticit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being plastic.
2. (Physiol.) Plastic force. Dunglison.
Plastid, Plastide
Plas"tid (?), Plas"tide (?), n. [Gr.
1. (Biol.) A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a
cytode. See the Note under Morphon. Haeckel.
2. (Bot.) One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of
vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes,
chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.
Plastidozoa
Plas`ti*do*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Protoza.
Plastidule
Plas"ti*dule (?), n. [Dim. fr. Plastid.] (Biol.) One of the small
particles or organic molecules of protoplasm. Haeckel.
Plastin
Plas"tin (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) A substance associated with nuclein in
cell nuclei, and by some considered as the fundamental substance of
the nucleus.
Plastography
Plas*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
1. The art of forming figures in any plastic material.
2. Imitation of handwriting; forgery.
Plastron
Plas"tron (?), n. [F. plastron breastplate, plastron, LL. plastra a
thin plate of metal. See Plaster.]
1. A piece of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to protect
the breast. Dryden.
3. (Anc. Armor) An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.
3. (Anat.) The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See
Testudinata.
4. A trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different
material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.
-plasty
-plas"ty (?). [Gr. A combining form denoting the act or process of
forming, development, growth; as, autoplasty, perineoplasty.
Plat
Plat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platted; p. pr. & vb. n. Platting.] [See
Plait.] To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. "They
had platted a crown of thorns." Matt. xxvii. 29.
Plat
Plat, n. Work done by platting or braiding; a plait.
Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.
Plat
Plat, n. [Cf. Plat flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and Plot a
piece of ground.] A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some
design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground.
This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve. Milton.
I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground. Tennyson.
Plat
Plat, v. t. To lay out in plats or plots, as ground.
Plat
Plat, a. [F. plat. See Plate, n.] Plain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower.
Plat
Plat, adv.
1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.]
But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat. Rom. of R.
2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant.
Plat
Plat, n.
1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.
2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] "To note all the islands, and to set them down in plat."
Hakluyt.
Platan
Plat"an (?), n. [L. platanus. See Plane the tree.] [Written also
platane.] The plane tree. Tennyson.
Platanist
Plat"a*nist (?), n. [L. platanista a sort of fish, Gr. plataniste.]
(Zo\'94l.) The soosoo.
Platanus
Plat"a*nus (?), n. [See Plane the tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees; the
plane tree.
Platband
Plat"band` (?), n. [F. plate-bande; plat, plate, flat, level + bande a
band.]
1. A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence,
a border.
2. (Arch.) (a) A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of
which much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave. (b) A
list or fillet between the flutings of a column.
Plate
Plate (?), n. [OF. plate a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. plat a plate,
a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. plat flat, Gr.
Place, n.]
1. A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the thickness of which is
small in comparison with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of metal;
as, a steel plate.
2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces.
Mangled . . . through plate and mail. Milton.
3. Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc.,
wrought in gold or silver.
4. Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is
genuine silver or gold.
5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or
of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table.
6. [Cf. Sp. plata silver.] A piece of money, usually silver money.
[Obs.] "Realms and islands were as plates dropp'd from his pocket."
Shak.
7. A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of
being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; as, a
book illustrated with plates; a fashion plate.
8. A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from;
as, publisher's plates.
9. That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth,
and holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver,
rubber, celluloid, etc.
10. (Arch.) A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels
projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also
used specifically of the roof plate which supports the ends of the
roof trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.
11. (Her.) A roundel of silver or tinctured argent.
12. (Photog.) A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating
that is sensitive to light.
13. A prize giving to the winner in a contest.
NOTE: &hand; Pl ate is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in
combination, the phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious
signification; as, plate basket or plate-basket, plate rack or
plate-rack.
Home plate. (Baseball) See Home base, under Home. -- Plate armor. (a)
See Plate, n., 2. (b) Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels,
fortifications, and the like. -- Plate bone, the shoulder blade, or
scapula. -- Plate girder, a girder, the web of which is formed of a
single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together.
-- Plate glass. See under Glass. -- Plate iron, wrought iron plates.
-- Plate layer, a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and
fixes them to the sleepers or ties. -- Plate mark, a special mark or
emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the
place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the
local mark for London is a lion. -- Plate paper, a heavy spongy paper,
for printing from engraved plates. Fairholt. -- Plate press, a press
with a flat carriage and a roller, -- used for printing from engraved
steel or copper plates. -- Plate printer, one who prints from engraved
plates. -- Plate printing, the act or process of printing from an
engraved plate or plates. -- Plate tracery. (Arch.) See under Tracery.
-- Plate wheel (Mech.), a wheel, the rim and hub of which are
connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or
spokes.
Plate
Plate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plated; p. pr. & vb. n. Plating.]
1. To cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a
mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as
electrotyping.
2. To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for
defense.
Thus plated in habiliments of war. Shak.
3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a plated harness.
4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or lamin\'91.
5. To calender; as, to plate paper.
Plateau
Pla*teau" (?), n.; pl. F. Plateaux (F. , E. Plateaus (#). [F., fr. OF.
platel, properly a little plate. See Plate.]
1. A flat surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land;
a table-land.
2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.
Plateful
Plate"ful (?), n.; pl. Platefuls (. Enough to fill a plate; as much as
a plate will hold.
Plate-gilled
Plate"-gilled` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as
the bivalve mollusks.
Platel
Pla"tel (?), n. [OF. See Plateau.] A small dish.
Platen
Plat"en (?), n. [F. platine, fr. plat flat. See Plate, and cf.
Platin.] (Mach.) (a) The part of a printing press which presses the
paper against the type and by which the impression is made. (b) Hence,
an analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper rests to receive
an impression. (c) The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer,
on which the work is fastened, and presented to the action of the
tool; -- also called table.
Plater
Plat"er (?), n. One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver;
as, a silver plater.
2. A machine for calendering paper.
Plateresque
Plat`er*esque" (?), a. [Sp. resco, from plata silver.] (Arch.)
Resembling silver plate; -- said of certain architectural ornaments.
Platetrope
Plat"e*trope (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) One of a pair of a paired organs.
Platform
Plat"form` (?), n. [Plat, a. + -form: cf. F. plateforme.]
1. A plat; a plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also
figuratively. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. A place laid out after a model. [Obs.]
lf the platform just reflects the order. Pope.
3. Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised
above some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards
horizontally joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or
portion of a floor; a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers,
performers, or workmen; a standing place.
4. A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a
party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the Saybrook
platform; a political platform. "The platform of Geneva." Hooker.
5. (Naut.) A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or
over the floor of the magazine. See Orlop.
Platform car, a railway car without permanent raised sides or
covering; a f -- Platform scale, a weighing machine, with a flat
platform on which objects are weighed.
Platform
Plat"form`, v. t.
1. To place on a platform. [R.]
2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out. [Obs.]
Church discipline is platformed in the Bible. Milton.
Plathelminth
Plat*hel"minth (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Platyelminthes.
Plathelminthes
Plat`hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Platyelminthes.
Platin
Plat"in (?), n. (Mach.) See Platen.
Platina
Plat"i*na (?), n. [Sp. or NL. See Platinum.] (Chem.) Platinum. Platina
mohr, platinum black. -- Platina yellow, a pigment prepared from
platinum.
Plating
Plat"ing (?), n.
1. The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or
with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull metal with a
thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by
electro-magnetic deposition.
2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal.
3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.
Platinic
Pla*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum;
-- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element
has a higher valence, as contrasted with the platinous compounds; as,
platinic chloride (PtCl4).
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1097
Platinichloric
Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating,
an acid consisting of platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and
obtained as a brownish red crystalline substance, called
platinichloric, or chloroplatinic, acid.
Platiniferous
Plat`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Platinum + -ferous.] Yielding platinum; as,
platiniferous sand.
Platiniridium
Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um (?), n. (Chem. & Min.) A natural alloy of platinum
and iridium occurring in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains
with platinum.
Platinize
Plat"i*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Platinizing (?).] To cover or combine with platinum.
Platinochloric
Plat`i*no*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and hydrochloric
acid, called platinochloric, OR chloroplatinous, acid.
Platinochloride
Plat`i*no*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A double chloride of platinum and
some other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid.
Platinocyanic
Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic
acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline substance.
Platinocyanide
Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A double cyanide of platinum and
some other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid.
Platinode
Plat"i*node (?), n. [Platinum + Gr. (Physics) A cathode. [R.]
Platinoid
Plat"i*noid (?), a. [Platinum + -oid.] Resembling platinum.
Platinoid
Plat"i*noid, n. (Chem.) An alloy of German silver containing tungsten;
-- used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards.
Platinotype
Plat"i*no*type (?), n. [Platinum + -type.] (Photog.)
1. A permanent photographic picture or print in platinum black.
2. The process by which such pictures are produced.
Platinous
Plat"i*nous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing,
platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which
the element has a lower valence, as contrasted with the platinic
compounds; as, platinous chloride (PtCl2).
Platinum
Plat"i*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL. plata
a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and cf. Platina.] (Chem.) A metallic
element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring
native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide
(sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and
malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to
strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for
sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for
many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt.
Formerly called platina. Platinum black (Chem.), a soft, dull black
powder, consisting of finely divided metallic platinum obtained by
reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a
high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer. -- Platinum lamp (Elec.),
a kind of incandescent lamp of which the luminous medium is platinum.
See under Incandescent. -- Platinum metals (Chem.), the group of
metallic elements which in their chemical and physical properties
resemble platinum. These consist of the light platinum group, viz.,
rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific gravities are about
12; and the heavy platinum group, viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum,
whose specific gravities are over 21. -- Platinum sponge (Chem.),
metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spongy form, obtained by reducing
the double chloride of platinum and ammonium. It absorbs oxygen,
hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a high degree, and is employed
as an agent in oxidizing.
Platitude
Plat"i*tude (?), n. [F., from plat flat. See Plate.]
1. The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat
commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language.
To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite
platitude. Motley.
2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism;
a commonplace.
Platitudinarian
Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. One addicted to uttering platitudes, or
stale and insipid truisms. "A political platitudinarian." G. Eliot.
Platitudinize
Plat`i*tu"di*nize (?), v. i. To utter platitudes or truisms.
Platitudinous
Plat`i*tu"di*nous (?), a. Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of
platitudes; uttering platitudes. -- Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness, n.
Platly
Plat"ly (?), a. Flatly. See Plat, a. [Obs.]
Platness
Plat"ness, n. Flatness. [Obs.] Palsgrave.
Platometer
Pla*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] See Planimeter.
Platonic, Platonical
Pla*ton"ic (?), Pla*ton"ic*al (?), a. [L. Platonicus, Gr. platonique.]
1. Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions.
2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical.
Platonic bodies, the five regular geometrical solids; namely, the
tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and
icosahedron. -- Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting
between persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and
regarding the mind only and its excellences; -- a species of love for
which Plato was a warm advocate.<-- = Platonic relation --> --
Platonic year (Astron.), a period of time determined by the revolution
of the equinoxes, or the space of time in which the stars and
constellations return to their former places in respect to the
equinoxes; -- called also great year. This revolution, which is caused
by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about 26,000
years. Barlow.
Platonic
Pla*ton"ic, n. A follower of Plato; a Platonist.
Platonically
Pla*ton"ic*al*ly, adv. In a Platonic manner.
Platonism
Pla"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. Platonisme.]
1. The doctrines or philosophy by Plato or of his followers.
NOTE: &hand; Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and
powerful Spirit; and also that he formed the visible universe out
of pre\'89xistent amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns
of ideas eternally existent in his own mind. Philosophy he
considered as being a knowledge of the true nature of things, as
discoverable in those eternal ideas after which all things were
fashioned. In other words, it is the knowledge of what is eternal,
exists necessarily, and is unchangeable; not of the temporary, the
dependent, and changeable; and of course it is not obtained through
the senses; neither is it the product of the understanding, which
concerns itself only with the variable and transitory; nor is it
the result of experience and observation; but it is the product of
our reason, which, as partaking of the divine nature, has innate
ideas resembling the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating these
innate ideas, reasoning about them, and comparing them with their
copies in the visible universe, reason can attain that true
knowledge of things which is called philosophy. Plato's professed
followers, the Academics, and the New Platonists, differed
considerably from him, yet are called Platonists.
Murdock.
2. An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces
of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical
notions.
Platonist
Pla"to*nist (?), n. One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a
follower of Plato. Hammond.
Platonize
Pla"to*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Platonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Platonizing.] To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers. Milner.
Platonize
Pla"to*nize, v. t. To explain by, or accomodate to, the Platonic
philosophy. Enfield.
Platonizer
Pla"to*ni`zer (?), n. One who Platonizes.
Platoon
Pla*toon" (?), n. [F. peloton a ball of thread, a knot or group of
men, a platoon, from pelote a ball formed of things wound round. See
Pellet.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also,
a small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow
square. (b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company.
Platt
Platt (?), n. (Mining) See Lodge, n. Raymond.
Plattdeutsch
Platt"deutsch` (?), n. The modern dialects spoken in the north of
Germany, taken collectively; modern Low German. See Low German, under
German.
Platten
Plat"ten (?), v. t. [See Plat, a.] (Glass Making) To flatten and make
into sheets or plates; as, to platten cylinder glass.
Platter
Plat"ter (?), n. [From Plat to braid.] One who plats or braids.
Platter
Plat"ter, n. [Probably fr. OF. platel, F. plateau. See Plateau.] A
large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to
the table.
The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking
platters, filled with huge pieces of beef. Sir W. Scott.
Platter-faced
Plat"ter-faced` (?), a. Having a broad, flat face.
Platting
Plat"ting (?), n. Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for
making hats or the like.
Platy
Plat"y (?), a. Like a plate; consisting of plates.
Platy-
Plat"y- (?). A combining form from Gr. platy`s broad, wide, flat; as,
platypus, platycephalous.
Platycephalic, Platycephalous
Plat`y*ce*phal"ic (?), Plat`y*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Platy + Gr. (Anat.)
Broad-headed.
Platycnemic
Plat`yc*ne"mic (?), a. [Platy + Gr. platycn\'82mique.] (Anat.) Of,
relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.
Platycnemism
Pla*tyc"ne*mism (?), n. (Anat.) Lateral flattening of the tibia.
Platyc\'d2lian
Plat`y*c\'d2"li*an (?), a. [Platy + Gr. (Anat.) Flat at the anterior
and concave at the posterior end; -- said of the centra of the
vertebr\'91 of some extinct dinouaurs.
Platyelminthes
Plat`y*el*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Platy-, and Helminthes.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms,
the trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also flatworms.<-- now =
platyhelminthes -->
Platyhelmia
Plat`y*hel"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Platyelminthes.
[Written also Platyelmia.]
Platymeter
Pla*tym"e*ter (?), n. [Platy + -meter.] (Elec.) An apparatus for
measuring the capacity of condensers, or the inductive capacity of
dielectrics.
Platypod
Plat"y*pod (?), n. [Platy + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal having broad
feet, or a broad foot.
Platypoda
Pla*typ"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Prosobranchiata.
Platyptera
Pla*typ"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Pseudoneuroptera including the species which have four broad, flat
wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the stone flies (Perla).
Platypus
Plat"y*pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The duck mole. See under
Duck.
Platyrhine
Plat"y*rhine (?), a. [Platy + Gr. (Anat.) Having the nose broad; --
opposed to leptorhine. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Platyrhini.
Platyrhini
Plat`y*rhi"ni (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
monkeys, including the American species, which have a broad nasal
septum, thirty-six teeth, and usually a prehensile tail. See Monkey.
[Written also Platyrrhini.]
Plaud
Plaud (?), v. t. To applaud. [Obs.] Chapman.
Plaudit
Plau"dit (?), n. [From L. plaudite do ye praise (which was said by
players at the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of
plaudere. Cf. Plausible.] A mark or expression of applause; praise
bestowed.
Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng. Longfellow.
Syn. -- Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation; approbation;
approval.
Plauditory
Plau"di*to*ry (?), a. Applauding; commending.
Plausibility
Plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plausibilit\'82.]
1. Something worthy of praise. [Obs.]
Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities. E. Vaughan.
2. The quality of being plausible; speciousness.
To give any plausibility to a scheme. De Quincey.
3. Anything plausible or specious. R. Browning.
Plausible
Plau"si*ble (?), a. [L. plausibilis praiseworthy, from plaudere,
plausum, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.]
1. Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready. [Obs.]
Bp. Hacket.
2. Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right;
specious; as, a plausible pretext; plausible manners; a plausible
delusion. "Plausible and popular arguments." Clarendon.
3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a plausible speaker. <--
4 appearing worthy of belief [MW10]. Now the most common sense, and a
good sense, rather than the traditional bad sense. --> Syn. --
Plausible, Specious. Plausible denotes that which seems reasonable,
yet leaves distrust in the judgment. Specious describes that which
presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers something false.
Specious refers more definitely to the act or purpose of false
representation; plausible has more reference to the effect on the
beholder or hearer. An argument may by specious when it is not
plausible because its sophistry is so easily discovered.
Plausibleize
Plau"si*ble*ize (?), v. t. To render plausible. [R.]
Plausibleness
Plau"si*ble*ness, n. Quality of being plausible.
Plausibly
Plau"si*bly, adv.
1. In a plausible manner.
2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.]
The Romans plausibly did give consent. Shak.
Plausive
Plau"sive (?), a. [L. plaudere, plausum, to applaud.]
1. Applauding; manifesting praise. Young.
2. Plausible, specious. [Obs.] Shak.
Play
Play (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Played (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Playing.]
[OE. pleien, AS. plegian, plegan, to play, akin to plega play, game,
quick motion, and probably to OS. plegan to promise, pledge, D. plegen
to care for, attend to, be wont, G. pflegen; of unknown origin.
&root;28. Cf. Plight, n.]
1. To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake
of amusement; to frolic; to spot.
As Cannace was playing in her walk. Chaucer.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would
he skip and play! Pope.
And some, the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame
and sword. Keble.
2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless.
"Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to pleye." Chaucer.
Men are apt to play with their healths. Sir W. Temple.
3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to
gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes.
4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute.
One that . . . can play well on an instrument. Ezek. xxxiii. 32.
Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. Granville.
5. To act; to behave; to practice deception.
His mother played false with a smith. Shak.
6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate
or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain plays.
The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play. Cheyne.
7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport.
Even as the waving sedges play with wind. Shak.
The setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets.
Addison.
All fame is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but
comes not to the heart. Pope.
8. To act on the stage; to personate a character.
A lord will hear your play to-night. Shak.
Courts are theaters where some men play. Donne.
To play into a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his
advantage or benefit. -- To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice
artifice. -- To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive.
Art thou alive? Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight.
Shak.
(b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or
application to; as, to play upon words. <-- play around -->
Play
Play, v. t.
1. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon upon a
fortification; to play a trump.
First Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the
soul. Herbert.
2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ.
3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a
waltz on the violin.
4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to
execute; as, to play tricks.
Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin
fancies. Milton.
5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to
play a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by
acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play
the woman.
Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt. Sir W. Scott.
6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or
for a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball.
7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it.
To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off
tricks. -- To play one's cards, to manage one's means or
opportunities; to contrive. -- Played out, tired out; exhausted; at
the end of one's resources. [Colloq.]
Play
Play, n.
1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.
2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or
diversion; a game.
John naturally loved rough play. Arbuthnot.
3. The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a
prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune
in play.
4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword
play; a play of wit. "The next who comes in play." Dryden.
5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which
characters are represented by dialogue and action.
A play ought to be a just image of human nature. Dryden.
6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he
attends ever play.
7. Performance on an instrument of music.
8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or
piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action. "To give
them play, front and rear." Milton.
The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play
between them. Moxon.
9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope;
as, to give full play to mirth.
Play actor, an actor of dramas. Prynne. -- Play debt, a gambling debt.
Arbuthnot. -- Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. -- A play
upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double
meaning; punning. -- Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors. --
To bring into play, To come into play, to bring or come into use or
exercise. -- To hold in play, to keep occupied or employed. <-- in
play. (a) (baseball, football) [of a ball] to still be subject to
action so as to affect the game, true as long as the specific play has
not been completed. Opposite of out of play, out of bounds. (b)
(Corporate Finance) subject to acquisition or merger; said of
companies which have been discussed as potential acquisitions by
potentially acquiring companies. -->
I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play. Macaulay.
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Page 1098
Playa
Pla"ya (?), n. [Sp.] A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which
subsequently becomes dry by evaporation. Bartlett.
Playbill
Play"bill` (?), n. A printed programme of a play, with the parts
assigned to the actors.
Playbook
Play"book` (?), n. A book of dramatic compositions; a book of the
play. Swift.
Playday
Play"day` (?), n. A day given to play or diversion; a holiday. Swift.
Player
Play"er (?), n.
1. One who plays, or amuses himself; one without serious aims; an
idler; a trifler. Shak.
2. One who plays any game.
3. A dramatic actor. Shak.
4. One who plays on an instrument of music. "A cunning player on a
harp." 1 Sam. xvi. 16.
5. A gamester; a gambler.
Playfellow
Play"fel`low (?), n. A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate.
Shak.
Playfere
Play"fere` (?), n. [Play + 1st fere.] A playfellow. [Obs.] [Also,
playfeer, playphere.] Holinsheld.
Playful
Play"ful (?), a. Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive
fancy; humorous; merry; as, a playful child; a playful writer. --
Play"ful*ly, adv. -- Play"ful*ness, n.
Playgame
Play"game` (?), n. Play of children. Locke.
Playgoer
Play"go`er (?), n. One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic
performances.
Playgoing
Play"go`ing, a. Frequenting playhouses; as, the playgoing public. --
n. The practice of going to plays.
Playground
Play"ground` (?), n. A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the
playground of a school.
Playhouse
Play"house` (?), n. [AS. plegh&umac;s.]
1. A building used for dramatic exhibitions; a theater. Shak.
2. A house for children to play in; a toyhouse.
Playing
Play"ing, a. & vb. n. of Play. Playing cards. See under Card.
Playmaker
Play"mak`er (?), n. A playwright. [R.]
Playmate
Play"mate` (?), n. A companion in diversions; a playfellow.
Playsome
Play"some (?), a. Playful; wanton; sportive. [R.] R. Browning. --
Play"some*ness, n. [R.]
Playte
Playte (?), n. (Naut.) See Pleyt.
Plaything
Play"thing` (?), n. A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves
to amuse.
A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little
more advanced age. Locke.
Playtime
Play"time` (?), n. Time for play or diversion.
Playwright
Play"wright` (?), n. A maker or adapter of plays.
Playwriter
Play"writ`er (?), n. A writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright.
Lecky.
Plaza
Pla"za (?), n. [Sp. See Place.] A public square in a city or town.
Plea
Plea (?), n. [OE. plee, plai, plait, fr. OF. plait, plaid, plet, LL.
placitum judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L. placitum that
which is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from placere to please. See
Please, and cf. Placit, Plead.]
1. (Law) That which is alleged by a party in support of his cause; in
a stricter sense, an allegation of fact in a cause, as distinguished
from a demurrer; in a still more limited sense, and in modern
practice, the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration and
demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is
answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's plea. In
chancery practice, a plea is a special answer showing or relying upon
one or more things as a cause why the suit should be either dismissed,
delayed, or barred. In criminal practice, the plea is the defendant's
formal answer to the indictment or information presented against him.
2. (Law) A cause in court; a lawsuit; as, the Court of Common Pleas.
See under Common.
The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of pleas real,
personal, and mixed. Laws of Massachusetts.
3. That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification;
an excuse; an apology. "Necessity, the tyrant's plea." Milton.
No plea must serve; 't is cruelty to spare. Denham.
4. An urgent prayer or entreaty.
Pleas of the crown (Eng. Law), criminal actions.
Pleach
Pleach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleached (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pleaching.] [Cf. OF. plaissier to bend, and also F. plisser to plait,
L. plicare, plicitum, to fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. Plash to
pleach.] To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to
interlock. "The pleached bower." Shak.
Plead
Plead (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleaded (colloq. Plead (?) or Pled); p.
pr. & vb. n. Pleading.] [OE. pleden, plaiden, OF. plaidier, F.
plaider, fr. LL. placitare, fr. placitum. See Plea.]
1. To argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of
another; to urge reasons for or against a thing; to attempt to
persuade one by argument or supplication; to speak by way of
persuasion; as, to plead for the life of a criminal; to plead with a
judge or with a father.
O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for
his neighbor! Job xvi. 21.
2. (Law) To present an answer, by allegation of fact, to the
declaration of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and
demand, or to allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the
suit; in a less strict sense, to make an allegation of fact in a
cause; to carry on the allegations of the respective parties in a
cause; to carry on a suit or plea. Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.
3. To contend; to struggle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Plead
Plead (?), v. t.
1. To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons
presented to a tribunal or person having uthority to determine; to
argue at the bar; as, to plead a cause before a court or jury.
Every man should plead his own matter. Sir T. More.
NOTE: &hand; In th is se nse, ar gue is mo re ge nerally us ed by
lawyers.
2. To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a
demand in law; to answer to an indictment; as, to plead usury; to
plead statute of limitations; to plead not guilty. Kent.
3. To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in
excuse; as, the law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights
of ambassadors. Spenser.
I will neither plead my age nor sickness, in excuse of faults.
Dryden.
Pleadable
Plead"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged
in proof, defense, or vindication; as, a right or privilege pleadable
at law. Dryden.
Pleader
Plead"er (?), n. [F. plaideur.]
1. One who pleads; one who argues for or against; an advotate.
So fair a pleader any cause may gain. Dryden.
2. (Law) One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or
pleadings in the widest sense; as, a special pleader.
Pleading
Plead"ing, n. The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause
by arguments.
Pleadingly
Plead"ing*ly, adv. In a pleading manner.
Pleadings
Plead"ings (?), n. pl. (Law) The mutual pleas and replies of the
plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in
support of their claims, proceeding from the declaration of the
plaintiff, until issue is joined, and the question made to rest on
some single point. Blackstone.
Pleasance
Pleas"ance (?), n. [F. plaisance. See Please.]
1. Pleasure; merriment; gayety; delight; kindness. [Archaic] Shak.
"Full great pleasance." Chaucer. "A realm of pleasance." Tennyson.
2. A secluded part of a garden. [Archaic]
The pleasances of old Elizabethan houses. Ruskin.
Pleasant
Pleas"ant (?), a. [F. plaisant. See Please.]
1. Pleasing; grateful to the mind or to the senses; agreeable; as, a
pleasant journey; pleasant weather.
Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together
in unity! Ps. cxxxiii. 1.
2. Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous; sportive; as,
pleasant company; a pleasant fellow.
From grave to light, from pleasant to serve. Dryden.
Syn. -- Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful; good-humored;
enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing;
witty. -- Pleasant, Pleasing, Agreeable. Agreeable is applied to that
which agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's tastes, character,
etc. Pleasant and pleasing denote a stronger degree of the agreeable.
Pleasant refers rather to the state or condition; pleasing, to the act
or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, pleasing is more
energetic than pleasant; as, she is always pleasant and always
pleasing. The distinction, however, is not radical and not rightly
observed.
Pleasant
Pleas"ant, n. A wit; a humorist; a buffoon. [Obs.]
Pleasantly
Pleas"ant*ly, adv. In a pleasant manner.
Pleasantness
Pleas"ant*ness, n. The state or quality of being pleasant.
Pleasantry
Pleas"ant*ry (?), n.; pl. Pleasantries (#). [F. plaisanterie. See
Pleasant.] That which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor;
cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness
in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage.
The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in repartees and points
of wit. Addison.
The keen observation and ironical pleasantry of a finished man of
the world. Macaulay.
Pleasant-tongued
Pleas"ant-tongued` (?), a. Of pleasing speech.
Please
Please (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleased; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasing.]
[OE. plesen, OF. plaisir, fr. L. placere, akin to placare to
reconcile. Cf. Complacent, Placable, Placid, Plea, Plead, Pleasure.]
1. To give pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions in;
to make glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy.
I pray to God that it may plesen you. Chaucer.
What next I bring shall please thee, be assured. Milton.
2. To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire;
to will.
Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he. Ps. cxxxv. 6.
A man doing as he wills, and doing as he pleases, are the same
things in common speech. J. Edwards.
3. To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to; -- used
impersonally. "It pleased the Father that in him should all fullness
dwell." Col. i. 19.
To-morrow, may it please you. Shak.
To be pleased in OR with, to have complacency in; to take pleasure in.
-- To be pleased to do a thing, to take pleasure in doing it; to have
the will to do it; to think proper to do it. Dryden.
Please
Please (?), v. i.
1. To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable emotions.
What pleasing scemed, for her now pleases more. Milton.
For we that live to please, must please to live. Johnson.
2. To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure
or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent.
Heavenly stranger, please to taste These bounties. Milton.
That he would please 8give me my liberty. Swift.
Pleased
Pleased (?), a. Experiencing pleasure. -- Pleas"ed*ly (#), adv. --
Pleas"ed*ness, n.
Pleaseman
Please"man (?), n. An officious person who courts favor servilely; a
pickthank. [Obs.] Shak.
Pleaser
Pleas"er (?), n. One who pleases or gratifies.
Pleasing
Pleas"ing, a. Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable
emotion; agreeable; delightful; as, a pleasing prospect; pleasing
manners. "Pleasing harmony." Shak. "Pleasing features." Macaulay. --
Pleas"ing*ly, adv. -- Pleas"ing*ness, n. Syn. -- Gratifying;
delightful; agreeable. See Pleasant.
Pleasing
Pleas"ing, n. An object of pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pleasurable
Pleas"ur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction;
gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry.
Planting of orchards is very . . . pleasurable. Bacon.
O, sir, you are very pleasurable. B. Jonson.
-- Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv.
Pleasure
Pleas"ure (?), n. [F. plaisir, originally an infinitive. See Please.]
1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable
sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced
by the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or
satisfying; -- opposed to pain, sorrow, etc.
At thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. Ps. xvi. 11.
2. Amusement; sport; diversion; self-indulgence; frivolous or
dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; -- opposed to
labor, service, duty, self-denial, etc. "Not sunk in carnal pleasure."
Milton.
He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man. Prov. xxi. 17.
Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God. 2 Tim. iii. 4.
3. What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying;
hence, will; choice; wish; purpose. "He will do his pleasure on
Babylon." Isa. xlviii. 14.
Use your pleasure; if your love do not presuade you to come, let
not my letter. Shak.
4. That which pleases; a favor; a gratification. Shak.
Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure Acts xxv. 9.
At pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice. Dryden. -- To take pleasure
in, to have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11.
NOTE: &hand; Pl easure is used adjectively, or in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, pleasure boat, pleasure ground;
pleasure house, etc.
Syn. -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy;
gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor;
kindness.
Pleasure
Pleas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleasured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pleasuring.] To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify.
Shak.
[Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith. Tennyson.
Pleasure
Pleas"ure, v. i. To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go
pleasuring.
Pleasureful
Pleas"ure*ful (?), a. Affording pleasure. [R.]
Pleasureless
Pleas"ure*less, a. Devoid of pleasure. G. Eliot.
Pleasurer
Pleas"ur*er (?), n. A pleasure seeker. Dickens.
Pleasurist
Pleas"ur*ist, n. A person devoted to worldly pleasure. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.
Pleat
Pleat (?), n. & v. t. See Plait.
Plebe
Plebe (?), n. [F. pl\'8abe, fr. L. plebs.]
1. The common people; the mob. [Obs.]
The plebe with thirst and fury prest. Sylvester.
2. [Cf. Plebeian.] A member of the lowest class in the military
academy at West Point. [Cant, U.S.]
Plebeian
Ple*be"ian (?), a. [L. plebeius, from plebs, plebis, the common
people: cf. F. pl\'82b\'82ien.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs, or common people.
2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as, plebeian
sports; a plebeian throng.
Plebeian
Ple*be"ian, n.
1. One of the plebs, or common people of ancient Rome, in distinction
from patrician.
2. One of the common people, or lower rank of men.
Plebeiance
Ple*be"iance (?), n.
1. Plebeianism. [Obs.]
2. Plebeians, collectively. [Obs.]
Plebeianism
Ple*be"ian*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pl\'82b\'82ianisme.]
1. The quality or state of being plebeian.
2. The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.
Plebeianize
Ple*be"ian*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plebeianized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plebeianizing.] To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.
Plebicolist
Ple*bic"o*list (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + colere to
cultivate.] One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common
people; a demagogue. [R.]
Plebification
Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See -fy.] A rendering plebeian; the act of
vulgarizing. [R.]
You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but you
will end in the plebification of knowledge. Coleridge.
Plebiscitary
Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to plebiscite. The Century.
Plebiscite
Pleb"i*scite (?), n. [F. pl\'82biscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.] A vote by
universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a popular vote, as
first sanctioned by the National Constitution of 1791. [Written also
plebiscit.]
Plebiscite we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French.
Fitzed. Hall.
Plebiscitum
Ple`bis*ci"tum (?), n. [L., fr. plebs, plebis, common people + scitum
decree.] (Rom. Antiq.) A law enacted by the common people, under the
superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate,
without the intervention of the senate.
Plectile
Plec"tile (?), a. [L. plectilis.] Woven; plaited. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.
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Page 1099
Plectognath
Plec"tog*nath (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.
-- n. One of the Plectognathi.
Plectognathi
Plec*to"gna*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
fishes generally having the maxillary bone united with the
premaxillary, and the articular united with the dentary.
NOTE: &hand; Th e up per ja w is immovably joined to the skull; the
ventral fins are rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered
with bony plates, spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen.
The order includes the diodons, filefishes, globefishes, and
trunkfishes.
Plectognathic, Plec-tognathous
Plec`tog*nath"ic (?), Plec-tog"na*thous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Plectognathi.
Plectospondyli
Plec`to*spon"dy*li (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive
suborder of fresh-water physostomous fishes having the anterior
vertebr\'91 united and much modified; the Eventognathi.
Plectospondylous
Plec`to*spon"dy*lous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Plectospondyli.
Plectrum
Plec"trum (?), n.; pl. L. Plectra (#), E. Plectrums (#). [L., fr. Gr.
A small instrument of ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in playing
upon the lyre and other stringed instruments.
Pled
Pled (?), imp. & p. p. of Plead [Colloq.] Spenser.
Pledge
Pledge (?), n. [OF. plege, pleige, pledge, guaranty, LL. plegium,
plivium; akin to OF. plevir to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L. praebere
to proffer, offer (sc. fidem a trust, a promise of security), but cf.
also E. play. &root;28. Cf. Prebend, Replevin.]
1. (Law) The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor
to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract
created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered
or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so
delivered or deposited; something put in pawn.
NOTE: &hand; Pl edge is or dinarily confined to personal property;
the title or ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential
to it. In all these points it differs from a mortgage [see
Mortgage]; and in the last, from the hypotheca of the Roman law.
See Hypotheca.
Story. Kent.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A person who undertook, or became responsible, for
another; a bail; a surety; a hostage. "I am Grumio's pledge." Shak.
3. A hypothecation without transfer of possession.
4. Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of
an act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the
performance of treaties. "That voice, their liveliest pledge of hope."
Milton.
5. A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to
refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing
to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign
the pledge; the mayor had made no pledges. <-- esp. in "take the
pledge" -->
6. A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a
toast; a health.
Dead pledge. [A translation of LL. mortuum vadium.] (Law) A mortgage.
See Mortgage. -- Living pledge. [A translation of LL. vivum vadium.]
(Law) The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be
held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits. -- To
hold in pledge, to keep as security. -- To put in pledge, to pawn; to
give as security. Syn. -- See Earnest.
Pledge
Pledge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pledging.]
[Cf. OF. pleiger to give security. See Pledge, n.]
1. To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession
of another as security; as, to pledge one's watch.
2. To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight;
as, to pledge one's word and honor.
We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our
sacred honor. The Declaration of Independence.
3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge. [Obs.]
To pledge my vow, I give my hand. Shak.
4. To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly;
as, to pledge one's self.
5. To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then
handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the
health of; to toast.
Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise. Cowley.
Pledgee
Pledg*ee" (?), n. The one to whom a pledge is given, or to whom
property pledged is delivered.
Pledgeless
Pledge"less (?), a. Having no pledge.
Pledgeor, Pledgor
Pledge*or", Pledg*or" (?), n. (Law) One who pledges, or delivers
anything in pledge; a pledger; -- opposed to pledgee.
NOTE: &hand; This word analogically requires the e after g, but the
spelling pledgor is perhaps commoner.
Pledger
Pledg"er (?), n. One who pledges.
Pledgery
Pledg"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. pleigerie.] A pledging; suretyship. [Obs.]
Pledget
Pledg"et (?), n. [Prov. E., a small plug.]
1. A small plug. [Prov. End.]
2. (Naut.) A string of oakum used in calking.
3. (Med.) A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound,
ulcer, or the like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the
matter discharged.
Plegepoda
Ple*gep"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (-poda. In allusion to the
rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Infusoria.
Plelad
Ple"lad (?), n. One of the Pleiades.
Pleiades
Ple"ia*des (?; 277), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. (
1. (Myth.) The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled
to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.
2. (Astron.) A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation
Taurus. Job xxxviii. 31.
NOTE: &hand; Al cyone, th e brightest of these, a star of the third
magnitude, was considered by M\'84dler the central point around
which our universe is revolving, but there is no sufficient
evidence of such motion. Only six pleiads are distinctly visible to
the naked eye, whence the ancients supposed that a sister had
concealed herself out of shame for having loved a mortal, Sisyphus.
Plein
Plein (?), a. Plan. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Plein
Plein, v. i. & t. To complain. See Plain. [Obs.]
Plein
Plein, a. [OF. & F., fr. L. plenus.] Full; complete. [Obs.] "Plein
remission." Chaucer. -- Plein"ly, adv.
Pleiocene
Plei"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) See Pliocene.
Pleiophyllous
Plei*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having several leaves; -- used
especially when several leaves or leaflets appear where normally there
should be only one.
Pleiosaurus
Plei`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pliosaurus.
Pleistocene
Pleis"to*cene (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the epoch, or
the deposits, following the Tertiary, and immediately preceding man.
-- n. The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.
Plenal
Ple"nal (?), a. [L. plenus full. Cf. Plenary.] Full; complete; as, a
plenal view or act. [Obs.]
Plenarily
Ple"na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a plenary manner.
Plenariness
Ple"na*ri*ness, n. Quality or state of being plenary.
Plenarty
Plen"ar*ty (?), n. The state of a benefice when occupied. Blackstone.
Plenary
Ple"na*ry (?), a. [LL. plenarius, fr. L. plenus full. See Plenty.]
Full; entire; complete; absolute; as, a plenary license; plenary
authority.
A treatise on a subject should be plenary or full. I. Watts.
Plenary indulgence (R. C. Ch.), an entire remission of temporal
punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins. -- Plenary
inspiration. (Theol.) See under Inspiration.
Plenary
Ple"na*ry, n. (Law) Decisive procedure. [Obs.]
Plene
Plene (?), \'91. [L. plenus full.] Full; complete; plenary. [Obs.]
Plenicorn
Ple"ni*corn (?), n. [L. plenus full + cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A
ruminant having solid horns or antlers, as the deer. Brande & C.
Plenilunary
Plen`i*lu"na*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to the full moon. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.
Plenilune
Plen"i*lune (?), n. [L. plenilunium; plenus full + luna the moon.] The
full moon. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Plenipotence, Plenipotency
Ple*nip"o*tence (?), Ple*nip"o*ten*cy (?), n. The quality or state of
being plenipotent. [R.]
Plenipotent
Ple*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. plenus full + potens, -entis, potent.]
Possessing full power. [R.] Milton.
Plenipotentiary
Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Plenipotentiaries (#). [LL.
plenipotentiarius: cf. F. pl\'82nipotentiaire.] A person invested with
full power to transact any business; especially, an ambassador or
envoy to a foreign court, with full power to negotiate a treaty, or to
transact other business.
Plenipotentiary
Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, a. Containing or conferring full power;
invested with full power; as, plenipotentiary license; plenipotentiary
ministers. Howell.
Plenish
Plen"ish (?), v. t. [See Replenish.]
1. To replenish. [Obs.] T. Reeve.
2. To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm. [Scot.]
Plenishing
Plen"ish*ing, n. Household furniture; stock. [Scot.]
Plenist
Ple"nist (?), n. [L. plenus full; cf. F. pl\'82niste.] One who holds
that all space is full of matter.
Plenitude
Plen"i*tude (?), n. [L. plenitudo, fr. plenus full; cf. F. plenitude.]
1. The quality or state of being full or complete; fullness;
completeness; abundance; as, the plenitude of space or power.
2. Animal fullness; repletion; plethora. [Obs.]
Plenitudinarian
Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. A plenist.
Plenitudinary
Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough.
[Obs.]
Plenteous
Plen"te*ous (?), a. [From Plenty.]
1. Containing plenty; abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for
every purpose; as, a plenteous supply. "Reaping plenteous crop."
Milton.
2. Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful. "The seven plenteous
years." Gen. xli. 34.
3. Having plenty; abounding; rich.
The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. Deut. xxviii. 11.
Syn. -- Plentiful; copious; full. See Ample. -- Plen"te*ous*ly, adv.
-- Plen"te*ous*ness, n.
Plentevous
Plen"te*vous (?), a. Plenteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Plentiful
Plen"ti*ful (?), a.
1. Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; as, a plentiful
harvest; a plentiful supply of water.
2. Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful.
If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more plentiful year.
Bacon.
3. Lavish; profuse; prodigal. [Obs.]
He that is plentiful in expenses will hardly be preserved from
Bacon.
-- Plen"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Plen"ti*ful*ness, n.
Plenty
Plen"ty (?), n.; pl. Plenties (#), in Shak. [OE. plentee, plente, OF.
plent\'82, fr. L. plenitas, fr. plenus full. See Full, a., and cf.
Complete.] Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency;
specifically, abundant productiveness of the earth; ample supply for
human wants; abundance; copiousness. "Plenty of corn and wine." Gen.
xxvii. 28. "Promises Britain peace and plenty." Shak.
Houses of office stuffed with plentee. Chaucer.
The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world.
Thomson.
Syn. -- Abundance; exuberance. See Abundance.
Plenty
Plen"ty, a. Plentiful; abundant. [Obs. or Colloq.]
If reasons were as plenty as blackberries. Shak. (Folio ed.)
Those countries where shrubs are plenty. Goldsmith.
Plenum
Ple"num (?), n. [L., fr. plenus full.] That state in which every part
of space is supposed to be full of matter; -- opposed to vacuum. G.
Francis.
Pleochroic
Ple`o*chro"ic (?), a. Having the property of pleochroism.
Pleochroism
Ple*och"ro*ism (?), n. [Gr. (Crystallog.) The property possessed by
some crystals, of showing different colors when viewed in the
direction of different axes.
Pleochromatic
Ple*och`ro*mat"ic (?), a. Pleochroic.
Pleochromatism
Ple`o*chro"ma*tism (?), n. Pleochroism.
Pleochroous
Ple*och"ro*ous (?), a. Pleochroic.
Pleomorphic
Ple`o*mor"phic (?), a. Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the pleomorphic
character of bacteria.
Pleomorphism
Ple`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr.
1. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing under two or more
distinct fundamental forms, including dimorphism and trimorphism.
2. (Biol.) The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases
or variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which
may exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the
forms characteristic of the different genera and species.<--
thoroughly discredited, except for a few apparent examples of such a
phenomenon. -->
Pleomorphous
Ple`o*mor"phous (?), a. Having the property of pleomorphism.
Pleonasm
Ple"o*nasm, ( n. [L. pleonasmus, Gr. Full, a., and cf. Poly-, Plus.]
(Rhet.) Redundancy of language in speaking or writing; the use of more
words than are necessary to express the idea; as, I saw it with my own
eyes.
Pleonast
Ple"o*nast (?), n. One who is addicted to pleonasm. [R.] C. Reade.
Pleonaste
Ple"o*naste, n. [Gr.pl\'82onaste.] (Min.) A black variety of spinel.
Pleonastic, Pleonastical
Ple`o*nas"tic (?), Ple`o*nas"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pl\'82onastique.]
Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm; redundant.
Pleonastically
Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pleonastic manner.
Pleopod
Ple"o*pod (?), n.; pl. E. Pleopods (#), L. Pleopoda (#). [Gr. -pod.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean. See Illust.
under Crustacea.
Plerome
Ple"rome (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The central column of parenchyma in a
growing stem or root.
Plerophory
Ple*roph"o*ry (?), n. [Gr. Fullness; full persuasion. "A plerophory of
assurance." Bp. Hall.
Plesance
Ples"ance (?), n. Pleasance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Plesh
Plesh (?), n. A pool; a plash. [Obs.] Spenser.
Plesimorphism
Ple`si*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. (Crystallog.) The property possessed by
some substances of crystallizing in closely similar forms while unlike
in chemical composition.
Plesiomorphous
Ple`si*o*mor"phous (?), a. Nearly alike in form.
Plesiosaur
Ple"si*o*saur (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Plesiosauria.
Plesiosauria
Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Plesiosaurus.] (Paleon.) An
extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the genera
Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also Sauropterygia.
Plesiosaurian
Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an (?), n. (Paleon.) A plesiosaur.
Plesiosaurus
Ple`si*o*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Plesiosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr (Paleon.)
A genus of large extinct marine reptiles, having a very long neck, a
small head, and paddles for swimming. It lived in the Mesozoic age.
Plessimeter
Ples*sim"e*ter (?), n. See Pleximeter.
Plete
Plete (?), v. t. & i. To plead. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
Plethora
Pleth"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pleonasm.]
1. Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood vessels;
repletion; that state of the blood vessels or of the system when the
blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyper\'91mia; -- opposed
to an\'91mia.
2. State of being overfull; excess; superabundance.
He labors under a plethora of wit and imagination. Jeffrey.
Plethoretic
Pleth`o*ret"ic (?), a. Plethoric. [Obs.] Johnson.
Plethoric
Ple*thor"ic (?), a. [Gr. pl\'82thorique.] Haeving a full habit of
body; characterized by plethora or excess of blood; as, a plethoric
constitution; -- used also metaphorically. "Plethoric phrases." Sydney
Smith. "Plethoric fullness of thought." De Quincey.
Plethorical
Ple*thor"ic*al (?), a. Plethoric. [R.] -- Ple*thor"ic*al*ly, adv.
Burke.
Plethory
Pleth"o*ry (?), n. Plethora. Jer. Taylor.
Plethron, Plethrum
Pleth"ron (?), Pleth"rum (?), n.; pl. Plethra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr.
Antiq.) A long measure of 100 Greek, or 101 English, feet; also, a
square measure of 10,000 Greek feet.
Plethysmograph
Pleth"ys*mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for
determining and registering the variations in the size or volume of a
limb, as the arm or leg, and hence the variations in the amount of
blood in the limb. -- Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic (#), a. <-- p. 1100 --> <--
p. 100 -->
Plethysmography
Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The study, by means of the
plethysmograph, of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of its
blood supply.
Pleura
Pleu"ra (?), n., pl. of Pleuron.
Pleura
Pleu"ra, n.; pl. L. Pleur\'91 (#), E. Pleuras (#). [NL., n. fem., fr.
Gr.
1. (Anat.) (a) The smooth serous membrane which closely covers the
lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane.
(b) The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or
the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleuron.
Pleural
Pleu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleur\'91,
or to the sides of the thorax.
Pleuralgia
Pleu*ral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain in the side or region
of the ribs.
Pleurapophysis
Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Pleurapophyses (#). [NL. See Pleura,
and Apophysis.] (Anat.) One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, or
the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or
corresponding to, a vertebral rib. -- Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al (#), a.
Owen.
Pleurenchyma
Pleu*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.) A tissue consisting
of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is mainly composed.
Pleuric
Pleu"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Pleural.
Pleurisy
Pleu"ri*sy (?), n. [F. pleur\'82sie, L. pleurisis, pleuritis, Gr
pleyri^tis (sc. no`sos), fr. pleyra` rib, side.] (Med.) An
inflammation of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever, pain,
difficult respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural
cavity. Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a) The large tuberous root of a kind of
milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic
and other diseases. (b) The plant itself, which has deep
orange-colored flowers; -- called also butterfly weed.
Pleurite
Pleu"rite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleuron.
Pleuritic, Pleuritical
Pleu*rit"ic (?), Pleu*rit"ic*al (?), a. [L. pleuriticus, Gr.
pleur\'82tique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to pleurisy; as,
pleuritic symptoms. (b) Suffering from pleurisy.
Pleuritis
Pleu*ri"tis (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Pleurisy.
Pleuro-
Pleu"ro- (?). [See Pleura.] A combining form denoting relation to a
side; specif., connection with, or situation in or near, the pleura;
as, pleuroperitoneum.
Pleurobrachia
Pleu`ro*brach"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Brachium.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of ctenophores having an ovate body and two long plumose
tentacles.
Pleurobranch
Pleu"ro*branch (?), n. [See Pleuro-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one
of the gills of a crustacean that is attached to the side of the
thorax.
Pleurobranchia
Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Pleuroeranchi\'91 (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleurobranch.
Pleurocarp
Pleu"ro*carp (?), n. [Pleuro- + Gr. (Bot.) Any pleurocarpic moss.
Pleurocarpic, Pleurocarpous
Pleu`ro*car"pic (?), Pleu`ro*car"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Side-fruited; --
said of those true mosses in which the pedicels or the capsules are
from lateral archegonia; -- opposed to acrocarpous.
Pleurocentrum
Pleu`ro*cen"trum (?), n. [NL. see Pleuro-, and Centrum.] (Anat.) One
of the lateral elements in the centra of the vertebr\'91 in some
fossil batrachians.
Pluroderes
Plu*rod"e*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of
fresh-water turtles in which the neck can not be retracted, but is
bent to one side, for protection. The matamata is an example.
Pleurodont
Pleu"ro*dont (?), a. [Pleuro- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the teeth
consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw, as in some lizards.
Pleurodont
Pleu"ro*dont, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.
Pleurodynia
Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A painful affection of
the side, simulating pleurisy, usually due to rheumatism.
Pleuron
Pleu"ron (?), n.; pl. Pleura (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of
the sides of an animal. (b) One of the lateral pieces of a somite of
an insect. (c) One of lateral processes of a somite of a crustacean.
Pleuronectoid
Pleu`ro*nec"toid (?), a. [NL. Pleuronectes, name of a genus (fr. Gr.
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Pleuronectid\'91, or Flounder
family.
Pleuropericardial
Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura
and pericardium.
Pleuroperipneumony
Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n. [Pleuro- + peripneumony.] (Med.)
Pleuropneumonia.
Pleuroperitoneal
Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleural
and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.
Pleuroperitoneum
Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [Pleuro- + peritoneum.] (Anat.) The
pleural and peritoneal membranes, or the membrane lining the body
cavity and covering the surface of the inclosed viscera; the
peritoneum; -- used especially in the case of those animals in which
the body cavity is not divided.
NOTE: &hand; Pe ritoneum is no w of ten us ed in th e se nse of
pleuroperitoneum, the pleur\'91 being regarded as a part of the
peritoneum, when the body cavity is undivided.
Pleuropneumonia
Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n. [Pleuro- + pneumonia.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and
pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of cattle.
Pleuroptera
Pleu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of
Isectivora, including the colugo.
Pleurosigma
Pleu`ro*sig"ma (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Sigma.] (Bot.) A genus of
diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides slightly
curved in the form of a letter S. Pleurosigma angulatum has very fine
striations, and is a favorite object for testing the high powers of
microscopes.
Pleurosteon
Pleu*ros"te*on (?), n.; pl. L. Pleurostea (#), E. -ons (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.) The antero-lateral piece which articulates the sternum of
birds.
Pleurothotonus
Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A species of tetanus,
in which the body is curved laterally. Quain. Dunglison.
Pleurotoma
Pleu*rot"o*ma (?), n.; pl. L. Pleurotom\'91 (#), E. Pleurotomas (#).
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine gastropod belonging to Pleurotoma,
and ether allied genera of the family Pleurotmid\'91. The species are
very numerous, especially in tropical seas. The outer lip has usually
a posterior notch or slit.
Plevin
Plev"in (?), n. [OF. plevine. See Replevin.] A warrant or assurance.
[Obs.]
Plexiform
Plex"i*form (?), a. [Plexus + -form: cf. F. Plexiforme.] Like network;
complicated.<-- sic. no det. --> Quincy.
Pleximeter
Plex*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Med.) A small, hard, elastic
plate, as of ivory, bone, or rubber, placed in contact with body to
receive the blow, in examination by mediate percussion. [Written also
plexometer.]
Plexure
Plex"ure (?), n. [See Plexus.] The act or process of weaving together,
or interweaving; that which is woven together. H. Brooke.
Plexus
Plex"us (?), n.; pl. L. Plexus, E. Plexuses (#). [L., a twining,
braid, fr. plectere, plexum, to twine, braid.]
1. (Anat.) A network of vessels, nerves, or fibers.
2. (Math.) The system of equations required for the complete
expression of the relations which exist between a set of quantities.
Brande & C.
Pley
Pley (?), v. & n. See Play. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pley
Pley (?), a. Full See Plein. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pleyt
Pleyt (?), n. (Naut.) An old term for a river boat.
Pliability
Pli`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being pliable;
flexibility; as, pliability of disposition. "Pliability of movement."
Sir W. Scott.
Pliable
Pli"a*ble (?), a. [F., fr. plier to bend, to fold. See Ply, v.]
1. Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible;
pliant; supple; limber; yielding; as, willow is a pliable plant.
2. Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments,
persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; -- sometimes in a bad
sense; as, a pliable youth. "Pliable she promised to be." Dr. H. More.
-- Pli"a*ble*ness, n. -- Pli"a*bly, adv.
Pliancy
Pli"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pliant in sense; as,
the pliancy of a rod. "Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind."
Wordsworth.
Pliant
Pli"ant (?), a. [F. pliant, p. pr. of plier to bend. See Ply, v.]
1. Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure
without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; as, a
pliant thread; pliant wax. Also used figuratively: Easily influenced
for good or evil; tractable; as, a pliant heart.
The will was then ductile and pliant to right reason. South.
2. Favorable to pliancy. [R.] "A pliant hour." Shak. -- Pli"ant*ly,
adv. -- Pli"ant*ness, n.
Plica
Pli"ca (?), n. [LL., a fold, fr. L. plicare to fold. See Ply, v.]
1. (Med.) A disease of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes
twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is
hence called also Polish plait. Dunglison.
2. (Bot.) A diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive
development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The bend of the wing of a bird.
Plicate, Plicated
Pli"cate (?), Pli"ca*ted (?), a. [L. plicatus, p. p. of plicare to
fold.] Plaited; folded like a fan; as, a plicate leaf. -- Pli"cate*ly
(#), adv.
Plication
Pli*ca"tion (?), n. A folding or fold; a plait. Richardson.
Plicature
Plic"a*ture (?), n. [L. plicatura, fr. plicare to fold.] A fold; a
doubling; a plication. Dr. H. More.
Plicidentine
Plic`i*den"tine (?), n. [LL. plica fold + E. dentine.] (Anat.) A form
of dentine which shows sinuous lines of structure in a transverse
section of the tooth.
Plied
Plied (?), imp. & p. p. of Ply.
Pliers
Pli"ers (?), n. pl. [From Ply to bend, fold.] A kind of small pinchers
with long jaws, -- used for bending or cutting metal rods or wire, for
handling small objects such as the parts of a watch, etc.
Pliform
Pli"form (?), a [Ply a fold + -form.] In the form of a ply, fold, or
doubling. [Obs.] Pennant.
Plight
Plight (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Plight, to pledge. Chaucer.
Plight
Plight, obs. imp. & p. p. of Pluck. Chaucer.
Plight
Plight, v. t. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL.
plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.] To weave; to braid; to fold;
to plait.[Obs.] "To sew and plight."<-- in the sense of fold, = pleat
[plait 2 in MW10]--> Chaucer.
A plighted garment of divers colors. Milton.
Plight
Plight (?), n. A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment. [Obs.]
"Many a folded plight."<-- = pleat --> Spenser.
Plight
Plight, n. [OE. pliht danger, engagement, AS. pliht danger, fr.
ple\'a2n to risk; akin to D. plicht duty, G. pflicht, Dan. pligt.
&root;28. Cf. Play.]
1. That which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or pledged;
security; a gage; a pledge. "That lord whose hand must take my
plight." Shak.
2. [Perh. the same word as plight a pledge, but at least influenced by
OF. plite, pliste, ploit, ploi, a condition, state; cf. E. plight to
fold, and F. pli a fold, habit, plier to fold, E. ply.] Condition;
state; -- risk, or exposure to danger, often being implied; as, a
luckless plight. "Your plight is pitied." Shak.
To bring our craft all in another plight Chaucer.
Plight
Plight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Plighting.] [AS.
plihtan to expose to danger, pliht danger;cf. D. verplichten to
oblige, engage, impose a duty, G. verpflichten, Sw. f\'94rplikta, Dan.
forpligte. See Plight, n.]
1. To pledge; to give as a pledge for the performance of some act; as,
to plight faith, honor, word; -- never applied to property or goods. "
To do them plighte their troth." Piers Plowman.
He plighted his right hand Unto another love, and to another land.
Spenser.
Here my inviolable faith I plight. Dryden.
2. To promise; to engage; to betroth.
Before its setting hour, divide The bridegroom from the plighted
bride. Sir W. Scott.
Plighter
Plight"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plights.
Plim
Plim (?), v. i. [Cf. Plump.] To swell, as grain or wood with water.
[Prov. Eng.] Grose.
Plimsoll's mark
Plim"soll's mark` (?). (Naut.) A mark conspicuously painted on the
port side of all British sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the
limit of submergence allowed by law; -- so called from Samuel
Plimsoll, by whose efforts the act of Parliament to prevent
overloading was procured.
Plinth
Plinth (?), n. [L. plinthus, Gr. flint: cf. F. plinthe.] (Arch.) In
classical architecture, a vertically faced member immediately below
the circular base of a column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal;
hence, in general, the lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block
upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the
bottom. See Illust. of Column.
Pliocene
Pli"o*cene (?), a. [Written also pleiocene.] [Gr. (Geol.) Of,
pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent division of the
Tertiary age.
Pliocene
Pli"o*cene, n. (Geol.) The Pliocene period or deposits.
Pliohippus
Pli`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. pliocene + Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct
genus of horses from the Pliocene deposits. Each foot had a single toe
(or hoof), as in the common horse.
Pliosaurus
Pli`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
marine reptiles allied to Plesiosaurus, but having a much shorter
neck.
Plitt
Plitt (?), n. [Russ. plete.] An instrument of punishment or torture
resembling the knout, used in Russia.
Ploc
Ploc (?), n. [F.] (Naut.) A mixture of hair and tar for covering the
bottom of a ship.
Ploce
Plo"ce (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which a word is
separated or repeated by way of emphasis, so as not only to signify
the individual thing denoted by it, but also its peculiar attribute or
quality; as, "His wife's a wife indeed." Bailey.
Plod
Plod (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plodding.]
[Gf. Gael. plod a clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod or
clods.]
1. To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge. Shak.
2. To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently.
"Plodding schoolmen." Drayton.
Plod
Plod, v. t. To walk on slowly or heavily.
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way. Gray.
Plodder
Plod"der (?), n. One who plods; a drudge.
Plodding
Plod"ding (?), a. Progressing in a slow, toilsome manner;
characterized by laborious diligence; as, a plodding peddler; a
plodding student; a man of plodding habits. --Plod"ding*ly, adv.
Plonge
Plonge (?), v. t. [See Plunge.] To cleanse, as open drains which are
entered by the tide, by stirring up the sediment when the tide ebbs.
Plong\'82e
Plon`g\'82e" (?), n. [F. See Plunge.] (Mil.) A slope or sloping toward
the front; as, the plong\'82e of a parapet; the plong\'82e of a shell
in its course. [Sometimes written plonge.]
Plot
Plot (?), n. [AS. plot; cf. Goth. plats a patch. Cf. Plat a piece of
ground.]
1. A small extent of ground; a plat; as, a garden plot. Shak.
2. A plantation laid out. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
3. (Surv.) A plan or draught of a field, farm, estate, etc., drawn to
a scale.
Plot
Plot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plotting.] To
make a plot, map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a plan; to
delineate.
This treatise plotteth down Cornwall as it now standeth. Carew.
Plot
Plot, n. [Abbrev. from complot.]
1. Any scheme, stratagem, secret design, or plan, of a complicated
nature, adapted to the accomplishment of some purpose, usually a
treacherous and mischievous one; a conspiracy; an intrigue; as, the
Rye-house Plot.
I have overheard a plot of death. Shak.
O, think what anxious moments pass between The birth of plots and
their last fatal periods! Addison.
2. A share in such a plot or scheme; a participation in any stratagem
or conspiracy. [Obs.]
And when Christ saith. Who marries the divorced commits adultery,
it is to be understood, if he had any plot in the divorce. Milton.
<-- p. 101 -->
3. Contrivance; deep reach thought; ability to plot or intrigue.
[Obs.] "A man of much plot." Denham.
4. A plan; a purpose. "No other plot in their religion but serve Got
and save their souls." Jer. Taylor.
5. In fiction, the story of a play, novel, romance, or poem,
comprising a complication of incidents which are gradually unfolded,
sometimes by unexpected means.
If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from
the subject, then the winding up of the plot must be a probable
consequence of all that went before. Pope.
Syn. -- Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; combination;
contrivance.
Plot
Plot (?), v. i.
1. To form a scheme of mischief against another, especially against a
government or those who administer it; to conspire. Shak.
The wicked plotteth against the just. Ps. xxxvii. 12.
2. To contrive a plan or stratagem; to scheme.
The prince did plot to be secretly gone. Sir H. Wotton.
Plot
Plot, v. t. To plan; to scheme; to devise; to contrive secretly.
"Plotting an unprofitable crime." Dryden. "Plotting now the fall of
others." Milton
Plotful
Plot"ful (?), a. Abounding with plots.
Pletinian
Ple*tin"i*an (?), a.Of pertaining to the Plotinists or their
doctrines.
Plotinist
Plo*ti"nist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated
Platonic philosopher of the third century, who taught that the human
soul emanates from the divine Being, to whom it reunited at death.
Plot-proof
Plot"-proof` (?), a. Secure against harm by plots. Shak.
Plotter
Plot"ter (?), n. One who plots or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator;
a schemer. Dryden.
Plough
Plough (?), n. & v. See Plow.
Plover
Plov"er (?), n. [OF. plovier, F. pluvier, prop., the rain bird, fr.
LL. (assumed) pluviarius, fr. L. pluvia rain, from pluere to rain;
akin to E. float, G. fliessen to flow. See Float.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds
belonging to the family Charadrid\'91, and especially those belonging
to the subfamily Charadrins\'91. They are prized as game birds.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any grallatorial bird allied to, or resembling, the true
plovers, as the crab plover (Dromas ardeola); the American upland,
plover (Bartramia longicauda); and other species of sandpipers.
NOTE: &hand; Among the more important species are the blackbellied,
OR blackbreasted, plover (Charadrius squatarola) of America and
Europe; -- called also gray plover, bull-head plover, Swiss plover,
sea plover, and oxeye; the golden plover (see under Golden); the
ring OR ringed plover (\'92gialitis hiaticula). See Ringneck. The
piping plover (\'92gialitis meloda); Wilson's plover (\'92.
Wilsonia); the mountain plover (\'92. montana); and the
semipalmated plover (\'92. semipalmata), are all small American
species.
Bastard plover (Zo\'94l.), the lapwing. -- Long-legged, OR
yellow-legged, plover. See Tattler. -- Plover's page, the dunlin.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Rock plover, OR Stone plover, the black-bellied
plover. [Prov. Eng.] -- Whistling plover. (a) The golden plover. (b)
The black-bellied plover.
Plow, Plough
Plow, Plough (plou), n. [OE. plouh, plou, AS. pl\'d3h; akin to D.
ploeg, G. pflug, OHG. pfluog, pfluoh, Icel. pl\'d3gr, Sw. plog, Dan.
ploug, plov, Russ. plug', Lith. plugas.]
1. A well-known implement, drawn by horses, mules, oxen, or other
power, for turning up the soil to prepare it for bearing crops; also
used to furrow or break up the soil for other purposes; as, the
subsoil plow; the draining plow.
Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the plow. Dryden.
2. Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry. Johnson.
3. A carucate of land; a plowland. [Obs.] [Eng.]
Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five. Tale of Gamelyn.
4. A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane.
5. (Bookbinding) An implement for trimming or shaving off the edges of
books.
6. (Astron.) Same as Charles's Wain.
Ice plow, a plow used for cutting ice on rivers, ponds, etc., into
cakes suitable for storing. [U. S.] -- Mackerel plow. See under
Mackerel. -- Plow alms, a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the
church. Cowell. -- Plow beam, that part of the frame of a plow to
which the draught is applied. See Beam, n., 9. -- Plow Monday, the
Monday after Twelth Day, or the end of Christmas holidays. -- Plow
staff. (a) A kind of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning the
plowshare; a paddle staff. (b) A plow handle. -- Snow plow, a
structure, usually -shaped, for removing snow from sidewalks,
railroads, etc., -- drawn or driven by a horse or a locomotive.
Plow, Plough
Plow, Plough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plowed (ploud) or Ploughed; p. pr. &
vb. n. Plowing or Ploughing.]
1. To turn up, break up, or trench, with a plow; to till with, or as
with, a plow; as, to plow the ground; to plow a field.
2. To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through,
as in sailing.
Let patient Octavia plow thy visage up With her prepared nails.
Shak.
With speed we plow the watery way. Pope.
3. (Bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or
paper, with a plow. See Plow, n., 5.
4. (Joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a
board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf
or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.
To plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow in wheat. -- To plow up,
to turn out of the ground by plowing.<-- plow ahead, to continue in
spite of obstacles or resistence by others.
NOTE: Often used in a bad sense, meaning to continue obstinately in
spite of the contrary advice of others.
plow through, to execute a difficult or laborious task steadily, esp.
one containing many parts; as, he plowed through the stack of
correspondence until all had been answered. -->
Plow, Plough
Plow, Plough (plou), v. i. To labor with, or as with, a plow; to till
or turn up the soil with a plow; to till or turn up the soil with a
plow; to prepare the soil or bed for anything. Shak.
Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ? Isa. xxviii. 24.
Plowable, Ploughable
Plow"a*ble, Plough"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being plowed; arable.
Plowbote, Ploughbote
Plow"bote`, Plough"bote` (?), n. (Eng. Law) Wood or timber allowed to
a tenant for the repair of instruments of husbandry. See Bote.
Plowboy, Ploughboy
Plow"boy`, Plough"boy`, n. A boy that drives or guides a team in
plowing; a young rustic.
Plower, Plougher
Plow"er, Plough"er (?), n. One who plows; a plowman; a cultivator.
Plowfoot, Ploughfoot
Plow"foot`, Plough"foot` (?), n. An adjustable staff formerly attached
to the plow beam to determine the depth of the furrow. Piers Plowman.
Plowgang, Ploughgang
Plow"gang`, Plough"gang` (?), n. Same as Plowgate.
Plowgate, Ploughgate
Plow"gate`, Plough"gate` (?), n. The Scotch equivalent of the English
word plowland.
Not having one plowgate of land. Sir W. Scott.
Plowhead, Ploughhead
Plow"head`, Plough"head` (?), n. The clevis or draught iron of a plow.
Plowland, Plougland
Plow"land`, Ploug"land` (?), n.
1. Land that is plowed, or suitable for tillage.
2. (O. Eng. Law) the quantity of land allotted for the work of one
plow; a hide.
Plowman, Ploughman
Plow"man, Plough"man (?), n.; pl. -men (.
1. One who plows, or who holds and guides a plow; hence, a husbandman.
Chaucer. Macaulay.
2. A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer.
Plowman's spikenard (Bot.), a European composite weed (Conyza
squarrosa), having fragrant roots. Dr. Prior.
Plowpoint, Ploughpoint
Plow"point`, Plough"point` (?), n. A detachable share at the extreme
front end of the plow body.
Plowshare, Ploughshare
Plow"share`, Plough"share" (?), n. The share of a plow, or that part
which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow.
Plowshare bone (Anat.), the pygostyle.
Plowtail, Ploughtail
Plow"tail`, Plough"tail` (?), n. The hind part or handle of a plow.
Plowwright, Ploughwright
Plow"wright`, Plough"wright` (?), n. One who makes or repairs plows.
Ploy
Ploy (?), n. Sport; frolic. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Ploy
Ploy, v. i. [Prob. abbrev. fr. deploy.] (Mil.) To form a column from a
line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of
deploy. Wilhelm.
Ployment
Ploy"ment (?), n. (Mil.) The act or movement of forming a column from
a line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of
deployment.
Pluck
Pluck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plucking.]
[AS. pluccian; akin to LG. & D. plukken, G. pfl\'81cken, Icel. plokka,
plukka, Dan. plukke, Sw. plocka.
1. To pull; to draw.
Its own nature . . . plucks on its own dissolution. Je
2. Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or
out from something, with a twitch; to twitch; also, to gather, to
pick; as, to pluck feathers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a
skin; to pluck grapes.
I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Milton.
E'en children followed, with endearing wile, And plucked his gown
to share the good man's smile. Goldsmith.
3. To strip of, or as of, feathers; as, to pluck a fowl.
They which pass by the way do pluck her. Ps. lxxx.
4. (Eng. Universities) To reject at an examination for degrees. C.
Bront\'82.
To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away.
-- To pluck down, to pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower
state. -- to pluck off, to pull or tear off; as, to pluck off the
skin. -- to pluck up. (a) To tear up by the roots or from the
foundation; to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up
a plant; to pluk up a nation. Jer. xii. 17. (b) To gather up; to
summon; as, to pluck up courage.
Pluck
Pluck, v. i. To make a motion of pulling or twitching; -- usually with
at; as, to pluck at one's gown.
Pluck
Pluck, n.
1. The act of plucking; a pull; a twitch.
2. [Prob. so called as being plucked out after the animal is killed;
or cf. Gael. & Ir. pluc a lump, a knot, a bunch.] The heart, liver,
and lights of an animal.
3. Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution; fortitude.
Decay of English spirit, decay of manly pluck. Thackeray.
4. The act of plucking, or the state of being plucked, at college. See
Pluck, v. t., 4.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The lyrie. [Prov. Eng.]
Plucked
Plucked (?), a. Having courage and spirit. [R.]
Plucker
Pluck"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, plucks.
Thou setter up and plucker down of kings. Shak.
2. A machine for straightening and cleaning wool.
Pluckily
Pluck"i*ly (?), adv. In a plucky manner.
Pluckiness
Pluck"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being plucky.
Pluckless
Pluck"less, a. Without pluck; timid; faint-hearted.
Plucky
Pluck"y (?), a. [Compar. Pluckier (?); superl. Pluckiest.] Having
pluck or courage; characterized by pluck; displaying pluck;
courageous; spirited; as, a plucky race.
If you're plucky, and not over subject to fright. Barham.
Pluff
Pluff (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin.] To throw out, as smoke,
dust, etc., in puffs. [Scot.]
Pluff
Pluff, n.
1. A puff, as of smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a puffball; a
slight explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder. [Scot.]
2. A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of using it. [Scot.]
Plug
Plug (?), n. [Akin to D. plug, G. pflock, Dan. pl\'94k, plug, Sw.
plugg; cf. W. ploc.]
1. Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to stop or fill a
hole; a stopple.
2. A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco. [U. S.]
3. A high, tapering silk hat. [Slang, U.S.]
4. A worthless horse. [Slang, U.S.]
5. (Building) A block of wood let into a wall, to afford a hold for
nails.
Fire plug, a street hydrant to which hose may be attached. [U. S.] --
Hawse plug (Naut.), a plug to stop a hawse hole. -- Plug and feather.
(Stone Working) See Feather, n., 7. -- Plug centerbit, a centerbit
ending in a small cylinder instead of a point, so as to follow and
enlarge a hole previously made, or to form a counterbore around it. --
Plug rod (Steam Eng.) , a rod attached to the beam for working the
valves, as in the Cornish engine. -- Plug valve (Mech.), a tapering
valve, which turns in a case like the plug of a faucet.
Plug
Plug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plugging
(?).] To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole.
Plugger
Plug"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, plugs.
Plugging
Plug"ging, n.
1. The act of stopping with a plug.
2. The material of which a plug or stopple is made.
Plum
Plum (?), n. [AS.pl&umac;me, fr. L. prunum; akin to Gr. Prune a dried
plum.]
1. (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of the Prunus domestica, and of
several other species of Prunus; also, the tree itself, usually called
plum tree.
The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of plum, of our
gardens, although growing into thornless trees, are believed to be
varieties of the blackthorn, produced by long cultivation. G.
Bentham.
<-- the types marked are in bold format, like collocations. -->
NOTE: &hand; Tw o or three hundred varieties of plums derived from
the Prunus domestica are described; among them the greengage, the
Orleans, the purple gage, or Reine Claude Violette, and the German
prune, are some of the best known.
NOTE: &hand; Among the true plums are;
Beach plum, the Prunus maritima, and its crimson or purple globular
drupes, -- Bullace plum. See Bullace. -- Chickasaw plum, the American
Prunus Chicasa, and its round red drupes. -- Orleans plum, a dark
reddish purple plum of medium size, much grown in England for sale in
the markets. -- Wild plum of America, Prunus Americana, with red or
yellow fruit, the original of the Iowa plum and several other
varieties. Among plants called plum, but of other genera than Prunus,
are; Australian plum, Cargillia arborea and C. australis, of the same
family with the persimmon. -- Blood plum, the West African
H\'91matostaphes Barteri. -- Cocoa plum, the Spanish nectarine. See
under Nectarine. -- Date plum. See under Date. -- Gingerbread plum,
the West African Parinarium macrophyllum. -- Gopher plum, the Ogeechee
lime. -- Gray plum, Guinea plum. See under Guinea. -- Indian plum,
several species of Flacourtia.
2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.
3. A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant language, the sum
of \'9c100,000 sterling; also, the person possessing it.
Plum bird, Plum budder (Zo\'94l.), the European bullfinch. -- Plum
gouger (Zo\'94l.), a weevil, or curculio (Coccotorus scutellaris),
which destroys plums. It makes round holes in the pulp, for the
reception of its eggs. The larva bores into the stone and eats the
kernel. -- Plum weevil (Zo\'94l.), an American weevil which is very
destructive to plums, nectarines cherries, and many other stone
fruits. It lays its eggs in crescent-shaped incisions made with its
jaws. The larva lives upon the pulp around the stone. Called also
turk, and plum curculio. See Illust. under Curculio.
Pluma
Plu"ma (?), n.; pl. Plum\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) A feather.
Plumage
Plum"age (?), n. [F., from plume a feather.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire
clothing of a bird.
NOTE: &hand; It co nsist of the contour feathers, or the ordinary
feathers covering the head, neck, and body; the tail feathers, with
their upper and lower coverts; the wing feathers, including
primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, with their coverts; and the
down which lies beneath the contour feathers. See Illust. under
Bird.
Plumassary
Plu*mas"sa*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. plumasseau.] A plume or collection of
ornamental feathers.
Plumassier
Plu`mas`sier" (?), n. [F.] One who prepares or deals in ornamental
plumes or feathers.
Plumb
Plumb (?), n. [F. plomb, L. plumbum lead, a leaden ball or bullet; cf.
Gr. Plummet, Plunge.] A little mass or weight of lead, or the like,
attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical
direction; a plummet; a plumb bob. See Plumb line, below. Plumb bob.
See Bob, 4. -- Plumb joint, in sheet-metal work, a lap joint, fastened
by solder. -- Plumb level. See under Level. -- Plumb line. (a) The
cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a plummet. (b) A line directed
to the center of gravity of the earth. -- Plumb rule, a narrow board
with a plumb line, used by builders and carpenters.
Plumb
Plumb, a. Perpendicular; vertical; conforming the direction of a line
attached to a plumb; as, the wall is plumb.
Plumb
Plumb, adv. In a plumb direction; perpendicularly. "Plumb down he
falls." Milton.
Plumb
Plumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumbing (?).]
1. To adjust by a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular; as, to
plumb a building or a wall.
2. To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth of water; hence, to
examine by test; to ascertain the depth, quality, dimension, etc.; to
sound; to fathom; to test.
He did not attempt to plumb his intellect. Ld. Lytton.
3. To seal with lead; as, to plumb a drainpipe.
4. To supply, as a building, with a system of plumbing.
Plumbage
Plumb"age (?), n. Leadwork [R.]
Plumbagin
Plum*ba"gin (?), n. [L. plumbago leadwort, fr. plumbum lead; cf. F.
plombagin.] (Chem.) A crystalline substance said to be found in the
root of a certain plant of the Leadwort (Plumbago) family. <-- p. 102
-->
Plumbagineous
Plum`ba*gin"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to natural order
(Plumbagine\'91) of gamopetalous herbs, of which plumbago is the type.
The order includes also the marsh rosemary, the thrift, and a few
other genera.
Plumbaginous
Plum*bag"i*nous (?), a. Resembling plumbago; consisting of, or
containing, plumbago; as, a plumbaginous slate.
Plumbago
Plum*ba"go, n. [L., from plumbum lead.]
1. (Min.) Same as Graphite.
2. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants with pretty salver-shaped
corollas, usually blue or violet; leadwort.
Plumbean, Plumbeous
Plum"be*an (?), Plum"be*ous (?), a. [L. plumbeus, from plumbum the
metal lead.]
1. Consisting of, or resembling, lead. J. Ellis.
2. Dull; heavy; stupid. [R.] J. P. Smith.
Plumber
Plumb"er (?), n. [F. plombier. See Plumb.] One who works in lead;
esp., one who furnishes, fits, and repairs lead, iron, or glass pipes,
and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage in
buildings.
Plumber block
Plumb"er block` (?). A pillow block.
Plumbery
Plumb"er*y (?), n. [F. plomberie.]
1. The business of a plumber. [Obs.]
2. A place where plumbing is carried on; lead works.
Plumbic
Plum"bic (?), a. [From Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to,
resembling, or containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate
those compounds in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with
plumbous compounds; as, plumbic oxide.
Plumbiferous
Plum*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Plumbum + -ferous.] Producing or containing
lead. Kirwan.
Plumbing
Plumb"ing (?), n.
1. The art of casting and working in lead, and applying it to building
purposes; especially, the business of furnishing, fitting, and
repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage, etc. Gwilt.
2. The lead or iron pipes, and other apparatus, used in conveying
water, sewage, etc., in a building.
Plumbism
Plum"bism (?), n. [From Plumbum.] (Med.) A diseased condition,
produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal
or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. It is
characterized by various symptoms, as lead colic, lead line, and wrist
drop. See under Colic, Lead, and Wrist.
Plumbous
Plum"bous (?), a. [From Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
which it has a lower valence as contrasted with plumbic compounds.
Plumbum
Plum"bum (?), n. [L.] (Chem.) The technical name of lead. See Lead.
Plume
Plume (?), n. [F., fr. L. pluma. Cf. Fly, v.]
1. A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or
handsome feather.
Wings . . . of many a colored plume. Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An ornamental tuft of feathers.
3. A feather, or group of feathers, worn as an ornament; a waving
ornament of hair, or other material resembling feathers.
His high plume, that nodded o'er his head. Dryden.
4. A token of honor or prowess; that on which one prides himself; a
prize or reward. "Ambitious to win from me some plume." Milton.
5. (Bot.) A large and flexible panicle of inflorescence resembling a
feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.
Plume bird (Zo\'94l.), any bird that yields ornamental plumes,
especially the species of Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the
herons and egrets, as the white heron of Florida (Ardea candidissima).
-- Plume grass. (Bot) (a) A kind of grass (Erianthus saccharoides)
with the spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps
in the Southern United States. (b) The still finer E. Ravenn\'91 from
the Mediterranean region. The name is sometimes extended to the whole
genus. -- Plume moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous small, slender
moths, belonging to the family Pterophorid\'91. Most of them have the
wings deeply divided into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species
are injurious to the grapevine. -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), an aromatic
Australian tree (Atherosperma moschata), whose numerous carpels are
tipped with long plumose persistent styles.
Plume
Plume, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pluming.] [Cf.
F. plumer to pluck, to strip, L. plumare to cover with feathers.]
1. To pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of; to dress or prink.
Pluming her wings among the breezy bowers. W. Irving.
2. To strip of feathers; to pluck; to strip; to pillage; also, to
peel. [Obs.] Bacon. Dryden.
3. To adorn with feathers or plumes. "Farewell the plumed troop."
Shak.
4. To pride; to vaunt; to boast; -- used reflexively; as, he plumes
himself on his skill. South.
Plumed adder (Zo\'94l.), an African viper (Vipera, OR Clotho,
cornuta), having a plumelike structure over each eye. It is venomous,
and is related to the African puff adder. Called also horned viper and
hornsman. -- Plumed partridge (Zo\'94l.), the California mountain
quail (Oreortyx pictus). See Mountain quail, under Mountain.
Plumeless
Plume"less (?), a. Without plumes.
Plumelet
Plume"let (?), n. [Plume + -let.] A small plume.
When rosy plumelets tuft the larch. Tennyson.
Plumery
Plum"er*y (?), n. Plumes, collectively or in general; plumage. [R.]
Southey.
Plumicorn
Plu"mi*corn (?), n. [L. pluma feather + cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) An ear
tuft of feathers, as in the horned owls.
Plumigerous
Plu*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L. plumiger; pluma a feather + gerere to
bear.] Feathered; having feathers. Bailey
Plumiliform
Plu*mil"i*form (?), a. [L. plumula, or plumella a little feather (dim.
of pluma feather) + -form.] Having the of a plume or feather. [R.]
Plumiped
Plu"mi*ped (?), a. [L. plumipes, -edis; pluma a feather + pes: cf. F.
plumip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Having feet covered with feathers. -- n. A
plumiped bird.
Plummet
Plum"met (?), n. [OE. plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom, plum, lead, F.
plomb. See Plumb.]
1. A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of
water.
I'll sink him deeper than e'er plummet sounded. Shak.
2. A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under Plumb, n.
3. Hence, any weight.
4. A piece of lead formerly used by school children to rule paper for
writing.
Plummet line, a line with a plummet; a sounding line.
Plumming
Plum"ming (?), n. [See Plumb.] (Min.) The operation of finding, by
means of a mine dial, the place where to sink an air shaft, or to
bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines.
Plummy
Plum"my (?), a. [From Plum.] Of the nature of a plum; desirable;
profitable; advantageous. [Colloq.] "For the sake of getting something
plummy." G. Eliot.
Plumose, Plumous
Plu*mose" (?), Plu"mous (?), a. [L. plumosus, fr. pluma feather: cf.
F. plumeux.]
1. Having feathers or plumes.
2. Having hairs, or other p\'a0rts, arranged along an axis like a
feather; feathery; plumelike; as, a plumose leaf; plumose tentacles.
Plumosite
Plu"mo*site (?), n. (Min.) Same as Jamesonite.
Plumosity
Plu*mos"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being plumose.
Plum
Plum (?), a. [Compar. Plumper (?); superl. Plumpest.] [OE. plomp rude,
clumsy; akin to D. plomp, G., Dan., & Sw. plump; probably of imitative
origin. Cf. Plump, adv.] Well rounded or filled out; full; fleshy;
fat; as, a plump baby; plump cheeks. Shak.
The god of wine did his plump clusters bring. T. Carew.
Plum
Plum, n. A knot; a cluster; a group; a crowd; a flock; as, a plump of
trees, fowls, or spears. [Obs.]
To visit islands and the plumps of men. Chapman.
Plump
Plump, v. i. [Cf. D. plompen, G. plumpen, Sw. plumpa, Dan. plumpe. See
Plump, a.]
1. To grow plump; to swell out; as, her cheeks have plumped.
2. To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once."Dulcissa plumps
into a chair." Spectator.
3. To give a plumper. See Plumper, 2.
Plump
Plump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumping.]
1. To make plump; to fill (out) or support; -- often with up.<-- as,
to plump up the pillows -->
To plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable
miracles. Fuller.
2. To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily; as, to plump
a stone into water.
3. To give (a vote), as a plumper. See Plumper, 2.
Plump
Plump, adv. [Cf. D. plomp, interj., G. plump, plumps. Cf. Plump, a.
&v.] Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly. "Fall plump." Beau. & Fl.
Plumper
Plump"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, plumps or swells out something else; hence,
something carried in the mouth to distend the cheeks.
2. (English Elections) A vote given to one candidate only, when two or
more are to be elected, thus giving him the advantage over the others.
A person who gives his vote thus is said to plump, or to plump his
vote.
3. A voter who plumps his vote. [Eng.]
4. A downright, unqualified lie. [Colloq. or Low]
Plumply
Plump"ly, adv. Fully; roundly; plainly; without reserve. [Colloq.]
Plumpness
Plump"ness, n. The quality or state of being plump.
Plumpy
Plump"y (?), a. Plump; fat; sleek. "Plumpy Bacchus." Shak.
Plumula
Plu"mu*la (?), n.; pl. L. Plumule (#), E.-las (#). [L. See Plumule.]
1. (Bot.) A plumule.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A down feather.
Plumulaceous
Plu`mu*la"ceous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Downy; bearing down.
Plumular
Plu"mu*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to a plumule.
Plumularia
Plu`mu*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L. Plumularl\'91 (#), E. Plumularias (#).
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Any hydroid belonging to Plumularia and other genera
of the family Plumularid\'91. They generally grow in plumelike forms.
Plumularian
Plu`mu*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any Plumularia. Also used
adjectively.
Plumule
Plu"mule (?), n. [L. plumula, dim. of pluma a feather; cf. F.
plumule.]
1. (Bot.) The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or
growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of
Radicle. Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A down feather. (b) The aftershaft of a feather. See
Illust. under Feather. (c) One of the featherlike scales of certain
male butterflies.
Plumulose
Plu"mu*lose" (?), a. Having hairs branching out laterally, like the
parts of a feather.
Plumy
Plum"y (?), a. Covered or adorned with plumes, or as with plumes;
feathery. "His plumy crest." Addison. "The plumy trees." J. S.
Blackie.
Plunder
Plun"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plundering.] [G. pl\'81ndern to plunder, plunder frippery, baggage.]
1. To take the goods of by force, or without right; to pillage; to
spoil; to sack; to strip; to rob; as, to plunder travelers.
Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God. South.
2. To take by pillage; to appropriate forcibly; as, the enemy
plundered all the goods they found. Syn. -- To pillage; despoil; sack;
rifle; strip; rob.
Plunder
Plun"der (?), n.
1. The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See Syn. of Pillage.
Inroads and plunders of the Saracens. Sir T. North.
2. That which is taken by open force from an enemy; pillage; spoil;
booty; also, that which is taken by theft or fraud. "He shared in the
plunder." Cowper.
3. Personal property and effects; baggage or luggage. [Slang,
Southwestern U.S.]
Plunderage
Plun"der*age (?), n. (Mar. Law) The embezzlement of goods on
shipboard. Wharton.
Plunderer
Plun"der*er (?), n. One who plunders or pillages.
Plunge
Plunge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plunged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plunging
(?).] [OE. ploungen, OF. plongier, F. plonger, fr. (assumed) LL.
plumbicare, fr. L. plumbum lead. See Plumb.]
1. To thrust into water, or into any substance that is penetrable; to
immerse; to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly; to
thrust; as, to plunge the body into water; to plunge a dagger into the
breast. Also used figuratively; as, to plunge a nation into war. "To
plunge the boy in pleasing sleep." Dryden.
Bound and plunged him into a cell. Tennyson.
We shall be plunged into perpetual errors. I. Watts.
2. To baptize by immersion.
3. To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome. [Obs.]
Plunged and graveled with three lines of Seneca. Sir T. Browne.
Plunge
Plunge, v. i.
1. To thrust or cast one's self into water or other fluid; to submerge
one's self; to dive, or to rush in; as, he plunged into the river.
Also used figuratively; as, to plunge into debt.
Forced to plunge naked in the raging sea. Dryden.
To plunge into guilt of a murther. Tillotson.
2. To pitch or throw one's self headlong or violently forward, as a
horse does.
Some wild colt, which . . . flings and plunges. Bp. Hall.
3. To bet heavily and with seeming recklessness on a race, or other
contest; in an extended sense, to risk large sums in hazardous
speculations. [Cant]
Plunging fire (Gun.), firing directed upon an enemy from an elevated
position.
Plunge
Plunge, n.
1. The act of thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap, rush, or
pitch into, or as into, water; as, to take the water with a plunge.
2. Hence, a desperate hazard or act; a state of being submerged or
overwhelmed with difficulties. [R.]
She was brought to that plunge, to conceal her husband's murder or
accuse her son. Sir P. Sidney.
And with thou not reach out a friendly arm, To raise me from amidst
this plunge of sorrows? Addison.
3. The act of pitching or throwing one's self headlong or violently
forward, like an unruly horse.
4. Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing; hazardous speculation.
[Cant]
Plunge bath, an immersion by plunging; also, a large bath in which the
bather can wholly immerse himself. -- Plunge, OR plunging, battery
(Elec.), a voltaic battery so arranged that the plates can be plunged
into, or withdrawn from, the exciting liquid at pleasure.
Plunger
Plun"ger (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, plunges; a diver.
2. A long solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston or bucket, as a
forcer in pumps.
3. One who bets heavily and recklessly on a race; a reckless
speculator. [Cant]
4. (Pottery) A boiler in which clay is beaten by a wheel to a creamy
consistence. Knight.
5. (Gun.) The firing pin of a breechloader.
Plunger bucket, a piston, without a valve, in a pump. -- Plunger pole,
the pump rod of a pumping engine. -- Plunger pump, a pump, as for
water, having a plunger, instead of a piston, to act upon the water.
It may be single-acting or double-acting
Plunket
Plun"ket (?), n. A kind of blue color; also, anciently, a kind of
cloth, generally blue.
Pluperfect
Plu"per`fect (?), a. [L. plus more + perfectus perfect; cf. F.
plus-que-parfait, L. plusquamperfectum.] More than perfect; past
perfect; -- said of the tense which denotes that an action or event
was completed at or before the time of another past action or event.
-- n. The pluperfect tense; also, a verb in the pluperfect tense.
Plural
Plu"ral (?), a [L. pluralis, from plus, pluris, more; cf. F. pluriel,
OF. plurel. See Plus.] Relating to, or containing, more than one;
designating two or more; as, a plural word.
Plural faith, which is too much by one. Shak.
Plural number (Gram.), the number which designates more than one. See
Number, n., 8.
Plural
Plu"ral, n. (Gram.) The plural number; that form of a word which
expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.
Pluralism
Plu"ral*ism (?), n.
1. The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number.
2. (Eccl.) The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one
ecclesiastical living at a time. [Eng.]
Pluralist
Plu"ral*ist, n. (Eccl.) A clerk or clergyman who holds more than one
ecclesiastical benefice. [Eng.]
Of the parochial clergy, a large proportion were pluralists.
Macaulay.
Plurality
Plu*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. pluralities (#). [L. pluralitas: cf. F.
pluralit\'82.]
1. The state of being plural, or consisting of more than one; a number
consisting of two or more of the same kind; as, a plurality of worlds;
the plurality of a verb. <-- p. 103 -->
2. The greater number; a majority; also, the greatest of several
numbers; in elections, the excess of the votes given for one candidate
over those given for another, or for any other, candidate. When there
are more than two candidates, the one who receives the plurality of
votes may have less than a majority. See Majority.
Take the plurality of the world, and they are neither wise nor
good. L'Estrange.
3. (Eccl.) See Plurality of benefices, below.
Plurality of benefices (Eccl.), the possession by one clergyman of
more than one benefice or living. Each benefice thus held is called a
plurality. [Eng.]
Pluralization
Plu`ral*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of pluralizing. H. Spencer.
Pluralize
Plu"ral*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pluralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pluralizing (?).]
1. To make plural by using the plural termination; to attribute
plurality to; to express in the plural form.
2. To multiply; to make manifold. [R.]
Pluralize
Plu"ral*ize, v. i.
1. To take a plural; to assume a plural form; as, a noun pluralizes.
Earle.
2. (Eccl.) To hold more than one benefice at the same time. [Eng.]
Pluralizer
Plu"ral*i`zer (?), n. (Eccl.) A pluralist. [R.]
Plurally
Plu"ral*ly, adv. In a plural manner or sense.
Pluri-
Plu"ri- (?). [See Plus.] A combining form from L. plus, pluris, more,
many; as pluriliteral.
Pluries
Plu"ri*es (?), n. [So called from L. pluries many times, often, which
occurs in the first clause.] (Law) A writ issued in the third place,
after two former writs have been disregarded. Mozley & W.
Plurifarious
Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. plurifarius, fr. L. plus, pluris, many.
Cf. Bifarious.] Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.
Plurifoliolate
Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late (?), a. [Pluri- + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having
several or many leaflets.
Pluriliteral
Plu`ri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Pluri- + literal.] Consisting of more
letters than three. -- n. A pluriliteral word.
Plurilocular
Plu`ri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pluri- + locular.] Having several cells or
loculi; specifically (Bot.), having several divisions containing
seeds; as, the lemon and the orange are plurilocular fruits.
Plurilocular sporangia (Bot.), many-celled sporangia, each cell
containing a single spore, as in many alg\'91.
Pluriparous
Plu*rip"a*rous (?), a. [Pluri- + L. parere to bring forth.] Producing
several young at a birth; as, a pluriparous animal.
Pluripartite
Plu`ri*par"tite (?), a. [Pluri- + partite.] (Bot.) Deeply divided into
several portions.
Pluripresence
Plu`ri*pres"ence (?), n. [Pluri- + presence.] Presence in more places
than one. [R.] Johnson.
Plurisy
Plu"ri*sy (?), n. [L. plus, pluris, more.] Superabundance; excess;
plethora. [Obs.] Shak.
Plus
Plus (?), a. [L., more; akin to Gr. full. See Full, a., and cf.
Pi\'97, Pleonasm.]
1. (Math.) More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from
negative; -- opposed to minus.
2. Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual.
Success goes invariably with a certain plus or positive power.
Emerson.
Plus sign (Math.), the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive
quantity.
Plush
Plush (?), n. [F. pluche, peluche (cf. It. peluzzo), fr. L. pilus
hair. See pile hair, and cf. Peruke.] A textile fabric with a nap or
shag on one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet. Cowper.
Plushy
Plush"y (?), a. Like plush; soft and shaggy. H. Kingsley.
Plutarchy
Plu"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. -archy.] Plutocracy; the rule of wealth. [R.]
Pluteal
Plu"te*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a pluteus.
Pluteus
Plu"te*us (?), n.; pl. L. Plutei (#), E. Pluteuses (#). [L., a shed.]
(Zo\'94l.) The free-swimming larva of sea urchins and ophiurans,
having several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods.
Pluto
Plu"to (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The son of Saturn and Rhea,
brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the Lower
World. Pluto monkey (Zo\'94l.), a long-tailed African monkey
(Cercopithecus pluto), having side whiskers. The general color is
black, more or less grizzled; the frontal band is white.
Plutocracy
Plu*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. plutocratie.] A form of government in which
the supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes;
government by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class of
rich men.
Plutocrat
Plu"to*crat (?), n. One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one
of the plutocracy.
Plutocratic
Plu`to*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to plutocracy; as, plutocratic
ideas. Bagehot.
Plutology
Plu*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of wealth.
Plutonian
Plu*to"ni*an (?), a. [L. Plutonius, Gr. plutonien.] Plutonic. Poe.
Plutonian
Plu*to"ni*an (?), n. (Geol.) A Plutonist.
Plutonic
Plu*ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. plutonique. See Pluto.]
1. Of or pertaining to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the
interior of the earth; subterranean.
2. Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists;
igneous; as, the Plutonic theory.
Plutonic action (Geol.), the influence of volcanic heat and other
subterranean forces under pressure. -- Plutonic rocks (Geol.),
granite, porphyry, and some other igneous rocks, supposed to have
consolidated from a melted state at a great depth from the surface.
Cf. Intrusive rocks, under Intrusive. -- Plutonic theory. (Geol.) See
Plutonism.
Plutonism
Plu"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. plutonisme.] The theory, early advanced in
geology, that the successive rocks of the earth\'b6s crust were formed
by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the Neptunian theory.
Plutonist
Plu"to*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. plutoniste.] One who adopts the geological
theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See Plutonism.
Plutus
Plu"tus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The son of Jason and
Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was represented as bearing a
cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts were bestowed without
discrimination of merit.
Pluvial
Plu"vi*al, a. [L. pluvialis, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvial. See
Plover.]
1. Of or pertaining to rain; rainy. [R.]
2. (Geol.) Produced by the action of rain.
Pluvial
Plu"vi*al, n. [LL. pluviale a garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F.
pluvial.] A priest's cope.
Pluviameter
Plu`vi*am"e*ter (?), n. See Pluviometer.
Pluviametrical
Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al (?), a. See Pluviometrical.
Pluvian
Plu"vi*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crocodile bird.
Pluviometer
Plu`vi*om"e*ter (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -meter: cf. F.
pluviom\'8atre.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall
at any place in a given time; a rain gauge.
Pluviometrical
Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pluviom\'82trique.] Of or
pertaining to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.
Pluvi\'93se
Plu`vi`\'93se" (?), n. [F. See Pluvious.] The fifth month of the
French republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and
ended February 18. See Vend\'82miaire.
Pluvious
Plu"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pluviosus, pluvius, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F.
pluvieux. See Pluvial, a.] Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial. Sir T.
Browne.
Ply
Ply (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plying (?).]
[OE. plien, F. plier to fold, to bend, fr. L. plicare; akin to Gr.
flechten. Cf. Apply, Complex, Display, Duplicity, Employ, Exploit,
Implicate, Plait, Pliant, Flax.]
1. To bend. [Obs.]
As men may warm wax with handes plie. Chaucer.
2. To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with
repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; as, to ply one
with questions, with solicitations, or with drink.
And plies him with redoubled strokes Dryden.
He plies the duke at morning and at night. Shak.
3. To employ diligently; to use steadily.
Go ply thy needle; meddle not. Shak.
4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work at.
Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply. Waller.
Ply
Ply, v. i.
1. To bend; to yield. [Obs.]
It would rather burst atwo than plye. Chaucer.
The willow plied, and gave way to the gust. L'Estrange.
2. To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do
something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; as, a steamer
plies between certain ports.
Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with plying hard
and daily). Milton.
He was forced to ply in the streets as a porter. Addison.
The heavy hammers and mallets plied. Longfellow.
3. (Naut.) To work to windward; to beat.
Ply
Ply, n. [Cf. F. pli, fr. plier. See Ply, v.]
1. A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a cord. Arbuthnot.
2. Bent; turn; direction; bias.
The late learners can not so well take the ply. Bacon.
Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not
understand the secret plies of his character. W. Irving.
The czar's mind had taken a strange ply, which it retained to the
last. Macaulay.
NOTE: &hand; Pl y is used in composition to designate folds, or the
number of webs interwoven; as, a three-ply carpet.
Plyer
Ply"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plies; specifically: (a) pl. A
kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge. It
consists of timbers joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross. (b)
pl. See Pliers.
Plyght
Plyght (?), v. & n. See Plight. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Plymouth Brethren
Plym"outh Breth"ren (?). The members of a religious sect which first
appeared at Plymouth, England, about 1830. They protest against
sectarianism, and reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called
Brethren, Christian Brethren, Plymouthists, etc. The Darbyites are a
division of the Brethren.
Pneometer
Pne*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.
Pneumatic, Pneumatical
Pneu*mat"ic (?), Pneu*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. pneumaticus, Gr. fnehan:
cf. F. pneumatique. Cf. Pneumonia.]
1. Consisting of, or resembling, air; having the properties of an
elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or solid.
The pneumatical substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit
of the body. Bacon.
2. Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties;
pertaining to pneumatics; as, pneumatic experiments. "Pneumatical
discoveries." Stewart.
3. Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; as, a pneumatic
instrument; a pneumatic engine.
4. (Biol.) Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as,
pneumatic cells; pneumatic bones.
Pneumatic action, OR Pneumatic lever (Mus.), a contrivance for
overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in an
organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them. --
Pneumatic dispatch, a system of tubes, leading to various points,
through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and
pressure of air. -- Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting machine worked by
compressed air. -- Pneumatic pile, a tubular pile or cylinder of large
diameter sunk by atmospheric pressure. -- Pneumatic pump, an
air-exhausting or forcing pump. -- Pneumatic railway. See Atmospheric
railway, under Atmospheric. -- Pneumatic syringe, a stout tube closed
at one end, and provided with a piston, for showing that the heat
produced by compressing a gas will ignite substances. -- Pneumatic
trough, a trough, generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a
perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or mercury, for
collecting gases in chemical operations. -- Pneumatic tube. See
Pneumatic dispatch, above.
Pneumaticity
Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) The state of being pneumatic, or of
having a cavity or cavities filled with air; as, the pneumaticity of
the bones of birds.
Pneumatics
Pneu*mat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatique.]
1. That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties of
air and other elastic fluids, as of their weight, pressure,
elasticity, etc. See Mechanics.
2. (Philos. & Theol.) The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual
beings and their relations to God, angels, and men.
Pleumato-
Pleu"ma*to- (?). A combining form from Gr. wind, air, breath,
respiration; as, pneumatograph, pneumatology.
Pneumatocele
Pneu*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Pneumato- + Gr. pneumatoc\'8ale.] (Med.) A
distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia of the lungs.
Pneumatocyst
Pneu*mat"o*cyst (?), n. [Pneumato- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A cyst or sac
of a siphonophore, containing air, and serving as a float, as in
Physalia.
Pneumatogarm
Pneu*mat"o*garm (?), n. [Pneumato- + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing of
the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.
Pneumatograph
Pneu*mat"o*graph (?), n. [Pneumato- + -graph.] (Physiol.) An
instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or chest wall
during respiration; -- also called stethograph.
Pneumatological
Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pneumatologique.] Of or
pertaining to pneumatology.
Pneumatologist
Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatologiste.] One versed in
pneumatology.
Pneumatology
Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumato- + -logy: cf. F. pneumatologie.]
1. The doctrine of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids.
See Pneumatics, 1.
2. (Philos. & Theol.) The science of spiritual being or phenomena of
any description.
Pneumatometer
Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) An
instrument for measuring the amount of force exerted by the lungs in
respiration.
Pneumatometry
Pneu`ma*tom"e*try (?), n. See Spirometry.
Pneumatophore
Pneu*mat"o*phore (?), n. [Pneumato- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Pneumonophora.
Pneumatothorax
Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax (?), n. [Pneumato- + thorax.] (Med.) See
Pneumothorax.
Pneumo-
Pneu"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. a lung; as, pneumogastric,
pneumology.
Pneumococcus
Pneu`mo*coc"cus (?), n. [See Pneumo-, and Coccus.] (Biol.) A form of
micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering
with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease.
Pneumogastric
Pneu`mo*gas"tric (?), a. [Pneumo- + gastric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the lungs and the stomach. -- n. The pneumogastric nerve.
Pneumogastric nerve (Anat.), one of the tenth pair of cranial nerves
which are distributed to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart,
stomach, liver, and spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the
branchial apparatus and also to the sides of the body.
Pneumograph
Pneu"mo*graph (?), n. Same as Pneumatograph.
Pneumography
Pneu*mog"ra*phy (?), n [Pneumo- + -graphy.] A description of the
lungs. Dunglison.
Pneumology
Pneu*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumo- + -logy.] (Anat.) The science which
treats of the lungs.
Pneumometer
Pneu*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.
Pneumometry
Pneu*mom"e*try (?), n. Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for
air. Dunglison.
Pneumonia
Pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pneumatio, Pulmonary.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the lungs.
NOTE: &hand;
Catarrhal pneumonia, OR Broncho-pneumonia, is inflammation of the lung
tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of
inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also called
lobular pneumonia, from its affecting single lobules at a time. --
Croupous pneumonia, or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection
characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course,
and sudden decline; -- also called lobar pneumonia, from its affecting
a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under Croupous. -- Fibroid
pneumonia is an inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue
lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its
course, producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.
Pneumonic
Pneu*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. pneumonique.] (a) Of or pertaining to the
lungs; pulmonic. (b) Of or pertaining to pneumonia; as, pneumonic
symptoms.
Pneumonic
Pneu*mon"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine for affections of the lungs.
Pneumonitic
Pneu`mo*nit"ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.
Pneumonitis
Pneu`mo*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Pneumo-, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia. <-- p. 104 -->
Pneumonometer
Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [See Pneumo-, and -meter.] (Physiol.) A
spirometer; a pneumometer.
Pneumonophora
Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of
Siphonophora which includes the Physalia and allied genera; -- called
also Pneumatophor\'91.
Pneumony
Pneu"mo*ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumonie.] See Pneumonia.
Pneumo\'94toka
Pneu`mo*\'94t"o*ka (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pneumo-, and O\'94ticoid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Sauropsida.
Pneumophora
Pneu*moph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pneumonophora.] (Zo\'94l.)
(Zo\'94l.) A division of holothurians having an internal gill, or
respiratory tree.
Pneumoskeleton
Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Pneumo- + skeleton.] (Zo\'94l.) A
chitinous structure which supports the gill in some invertebrates.
Pneumotherapy
Pneu`mo*ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr. therapy.] (Med.) The treatment of
disease by inhalations of compressed or rarefied air.
Pneumothorax
Pneu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr. thorax.] (Med.) A condition in which air
or other gas is present in the cavity of the chest; -- called also
pneumatothorax.
Pnigalion
Pni*ga"li*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Nightmare.
Pnyx
Pnyx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The place at Athens where the
meetings of the people were held for making decrees, etc.
Poa
Po"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including a
great number of species, as the kinds called meadow grass, Kentucky
blue grass, June grass, and spear grass (which see).
Poach
Poach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poaching.]
[F. pocher to place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg
being as it were pouched in the white), from poche pocket, pouch. See
Pouch, v. &n.]
1. To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into boiling water; also, to
cook with butter after breaking in a vessel. Bacon.
2. To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game;
hence, to plunder. Garth.
Poach
Poach, v. i. To steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately,
as in a bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by
night; to hunt or fish unlawfully; as, to poach for rabbits or for
salmon.
Poach
Poach, v. t. [Cf. OF. pocher to thrust or dig out with the fingers, to
bruise (the eyes), F. pouce thumb, L. pollex, and also E. poach to
cook eggs, to plunder, and poke to thrust against.]
1. To stab; to pierce; to spear, \as fish. [Obs.] Carew.
2. To force, drive, or plunge into anything. [Obs.]
His horse poching one of his legs into some hollow ground. Sir W.
Temple.
3. To make soft or muddy by trampling Tennyson.
4. To begin and not complete. [Obs.] Bacon.
Poach
Poach, v. i. To become soft or muddy.
Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and poach in winter.
Mortimer.
Poachard
Poach"ard (?), n. [From Poach to stab.] [Written also pocard,
pochard.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European duck (Aythya ferina); --
called also goldhead, poker, and fresh-water, OR red-headed, widgeon.
(b) The American redhead, which is closely allied to the European
poachard. Red-crested poachard (Zo\'94l.), an Old World duck (Branta
rufina). -- Scaup poachard, the scaup duck. -- Tufted poachard, a
scaup duck (Aythya, OR Fuligula cristata), native of Europe and Asia.
Poacher
Poach"er (?), n.
1. One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish contrary to
law.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The American widgeon. [Local, U.S.]
Sea poacher (Zo\'94l.), the lyrie.
Poachiness
Poach"i*ness (?), n. The state of being poachy; marshiness.
Poachy
Poach"y (?), a. [See Poach to stab.] Wet and soft; easily penetrated
by the feet of cattle; -- said of land
Poak, Poake
Poak, Poake (?), n. Waste matter from the preparation of skins,
consisting of hair, lime, oil, etc.
Pocan
Po"can (?), n. (Bot.) The poke (Phytolacca decandra); -- called also
pocan bush.
Pochard
Po"chard (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Poachard.
Pock
Pock (?), n. [OE. pokke, AS. pocc, poc; akin to D. pok, G. pocke, and
perh. to E. poke a pocket. Cf. Pox.] (Med.) A pustule raised on the
surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases.
Of pokkes and of scab every sore. Chaucer.
Pockarred
Pock"arred (?), a. See Pockmarked. [Obs.]
Pock-broken
Pock"-bro`ken (?), a. Broken out, or marked, with smallpox;
pock-fretten.
Pocket
Pock"et (?), n. [OE. poket, Prov. F. & OF. poquette, F. pochette, dim.
fr. poque, pouque, F. poche; probably of Teutonic origin. See Poke a
pocket, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and Pouch.]
1. A bag or pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for
carrying small articles, particularly money; hence, figuratively,
money; wealth.
2. One of several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the
balls are driven.
3. A large bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger,
hops, cowries, etc.
NOTE: &hand; In th e wo ol or hop trade, the pocket contains half
sack, or about 168 Ibs.; but it is a variable quantity, the
articles being sold by actual weight.
4. (Arch.) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in
a floor, boxing, partitions, or the like.
5. (Mining.) (a) A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or
other mineral; a small body of ore contained in such a cavity. (b) A
hole containing water.
6. (Nat.) A strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a
light spar can placed in the interspace.
7. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pouch.
NOTE: &hand; Po cket is often used adjectively, or in the formation
of compound words usually of obvious signification; as, pocket
comb, pocket compass, pocket edition, pocket handkerchief, pocket
money, pocket picking, or pocket-picking, etc.
Out of pocket. See under Out, prep. -- Pocket borough, a borough
"owned" by some person. See under Borough. [Eng.] -- Pocket gopher
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of American rodents of the
genera Geomys, and Thomomys, family Geomyd\'91. They have large
external cheek pouches, and are fossorial in their habits. they
inhabit North America, from the Mississippi Valley west to the
Pacific. Called also pouched gopher. -- Pocket mouse (Zo\'94l.), any
species of American mice of the family Saccomyid\'91. They have
external cheek pouches. Some of them are adapted for leaping (genus
Dipadomys), and are called kangaroo mice. They are native of the
Southwestern United States, Mexico, etc. -- Pocket piece, a piece of
money kept in the pocket and not spent. -- Pocket pistol, a pistol to
be carried in the pocket. -- Pocket sheriff (Eng. Law), a sheriff
appointed by the sole authority of the crown, without a nomination by
the judges in the exchequer. Burrill. <-- deep pocket, OR deep
pockets, wealth or substantial financial assets.
NOTE: Used esp. in legal actions, where plaintiffs desire to find a
defendant with "deep pockets", so as to be able to actually obtain
the sum of damages which may be judged due to him. This contrasts
with a "judgment-proof" defendant, one who has neither assets nor
insurance, and against whom a judgment for monetary damages would
be worthless.
-->
Pocket
Pock"et (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pocketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pocketing.]
1. To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to pocket the change.
He would pocket the expense of the license. Sterne.
2. To take clandestinely or fraudulently.
He pocketed pay in the names of men who had long been dead.
Macaulay.
To pocket a ball (Billiards), to drive a ball into a pocket of the
table. -- To pocket an insult, affront, etc., to receive an affront
without open resentment, or without seeking redress. "I must pocket up
these wrongs." Shak.
Pocketbook
Pock"et*book` (?), n. A small book or case for carrying papers, money,
etc., in the pocket; also, a notebook for the pocket.
Pocketful
Pock"et*ful (?), n.; pl. Pocketfuls (. As much as a pocket will hold;
enough to fill a pocket; as, pocketfuls of chestnuts.
Pocketknife
Pock"et*knife` (?), n.; pl. -knives (. A knife with one or more
blades, which fold into the handle so as to admit of being carried in
the pocket.
Pock-fretten
Pock"-fret`ten (?), a. See Pockmarked.
Pockiness
Pock"i*ness (?), n. The state of being pocky.
Pockmark
Pock"mark (?), n. A mark or pit made by smallpox.
Pockmarked
Pock"marked` (?), a. Marked by smallpox; pitted.
Pock-pitted
Pock"-pit`ted (?), a. Pockmarked; pitted.
Pock-pudding
Pock"-pud`ding (?), n. A bag pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule
formerly applied by the Scotch to the English.
Pockwood
Pock"wood` (?), n. [So called because formerly used as a specific for
the pock.] (Bot.) Lignum-vit\'91.
Pocky
Pock"y (?), a. [Compar. Pockier (?); superl. Pockiest.] Full of pocks;
affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease. Bp. Hall.
Poco
Po"co (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) A little; -- used chiefly in phrases
indicating the time or movement; as, poco pi\'97 allegro, a little
faster; poco largo, rather slow. Poco a poco [It.] (Mus.) Little by
little; as, poco a poco crescendo, gradually increasing in loudness.
Pocock
Po"cock (?), n. Peacock. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pococurante
Po`co*cu*ran"te (?), n. [It. poco curante caring little.] A careless
person; a trifler. [R.]
Pococurantism
Po`co*cu*ran"tism (?). n. Carelessness; apathy; indifference. [R.]
Carlyle.
Pocoson
Po*co"son (?), n. Low, wooded grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland
and Virginia. [Written also poquoson.] Washington.
Poculent
Poc"u*lent (?), a. [L. poculentus, fr. poculum a cup.] Fit for drink.
[Obs.] "Some those herbs which are not esculent, are . . . poculent."
Bacon.
Poculiform
Poc"u*li*form (?), a. [L. poculum a cup + -form: cf. F. poculiforme.]
Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup.
-pod
-pod (?). [See Foot.] A combining form or suffix from Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot; as, decapod, an animal having ten feet; phyllopod, an
animal having leaflike feet; myriapod, hexapod.
Pod
Pod (?), n. [Probably akin to pudding, and perhaps the same word as
pad a cushion; cf. also Dan. pude pillow, cushion, and also E. cod a
husk, pod.]
1. A bag; a pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.
2. (Bot.) A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent
fruit. See Illust. of Angiospermous.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A considerable number of animals closely clustered
together; -- said of seals.
Pod auger, OR pod bit, an auger or bit the channel of which is
straight instead of twisted.
Pod
Pod, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Podded; p. pr. & vb. n. Podding.] To swell;
to fill; also, to produce pods.
-poda
-po*da (?). A New Latin plural combining form or suffix from Gr. foot;
as, hexapoda, myriapoda. See -pod.
Podagra
Pod"a*gra (?), n. [L. See Podagric.] (Med.) Gout in the joints of the
foot; -- applied also to gout in other parts of body.
Podagric, Podagrical
Po*dag"ric (?), Po*dag"ric*al (?), a. [L. podagricus, Gr.
1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by gout.
2. Afflicted with gout. Sir T. Browne.
Podagrous
Pod"a*grous (?), a. Gouty; podagric.
Podalgia
Po*dal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) pain in the foot, due to
gout, rheumatism, etc.
Podarthrum
Po*dar"thrum (?), n.; pl. Podarthra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The
foot joint; in birds, the joint between the metatarsus and the toes.
Podded
Pod"ded (?), a. Having pods.
Podder
Pod"der (?), n. One who collects pods or pulse.
Podesta
Po*des"ta (?), n. [It. podest\'85, fr. L. potestas power, magistracy.
See Potent.]
1. One of the chief magistrates of the Italian republics in the Middle
Ages. Brande & C.
2. A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some towns of Italy.
Podetium
Po*de"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Podetia (#), E. Podetiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Bot.) A stalk which bears the fructification in some lichens, as in
the so-called reindeer moss.
Podge
Podge (?), n. [Cf. G. patsche puddle, mire.]
1. A puddle; a plash. Skinner.
2. Porridge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Podgy
Podg"y (?), a. Fat and short; pudgy.
Podical
Pod"i*cal (?) a. [L. podex, podicis, the anus.] (Zo\'94l.) Anal; --
applied to certain organs of insects.
Podiceps
Pod"i*ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. podex, podicis, anus + pes foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Grebe.
Podium
Po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Podia (#). [L., fr. Gr. Pew.]
1. (Arch.) A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a
terrace wall. It is especially employed by arch\'91ologists in two
senses: (a) The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater,
from the top of which the seats began. (b) The masonry under the
stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, sometimes
containing chambers. See Illust. of Column.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The foot.
Podley
Pod"ley (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young coalfish.
Podo-
Pod"o- (?). [See Foot.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot; as, podocarp, podocephalous, podology.
Podobranch
Pod"o*branch (?), n. [See Podo-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
branchi\'91 attached to the bases of the legs in Crustacea.
Podobranchia
Pod`o*bran"chi*a (?) n., pl. Podobranchle (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Podobranch.
Podocarp
Pod"o*carp (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. (Bot.) A stem, or footstalk,
supporting the fruit.
Podocephalous
Pod`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Podo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having a head of flowers
on a long peduncle, or footstalk.
Podogynium
Pod`o*gyn"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + (Bot.) Same
as Basigynium
Podophthalmia
Pod`oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Podophthalmic.] (Zo\'94l.) The
stalk-eyed Crustacea, -- an order of Crustacea having the eyes
supported on movable stalks. It includes the crabs, lobsters, and
prawns. Called also Podophthalmata, and Decapoda.
Podophthalmic, Podophthalmous
Pod`oph*thal"mic (?), Pod`oph*thal"mous (?), a. [Podo- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the eyes on movable footstalks, or pedicels. (b)
Of or pertaining to the Podophthalmia.
Podophthalmite
Pod`oph*thal"mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eyestalk of a crustacean.
Podophyllin
Pod`o*phyl"lin (?), n. [From Podophyllum.] (Chem.) A brown bitter gum
extracted from the rootstalk of the May apple (Podophyllum peltatum).
It is a complex mixture of several substances.
Podophyllous
Pod`o*phyl"lous (?), a.
1. (Zo\'94l.) Having thin, flat, leaflike locomotive organs.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or composing, the layer of tissue, made up
of lamin\'91, beneath a horse's hoof.
Podophyllum
Pod`o*phyl"lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +
1. (Bot.) A genus of herbs of the Barberry family, having large
palmately lobed peltate leaves and solitary flower. There are two
species, the American Podohyllum peltatum, or May apple, the Himalayan
P. Emodi.
2. (Med.) The rhizome and rootlet of the May apple (Podophyllum
peltatum), -- used as a cathartic drug.
Podoscaph
Pod"o*scaph (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. A canoe-shaped float attached to the
foot, for walking on water.
Podosperm
Pod"o*sperm (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. podosperme.] (Bot.) The stalk of a
seed or ovule.
Podostomata
Pod`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +
(Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the type. See
Rhabdopleura.
Podotheca
Pod`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Podothec\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot + (Zo\'94l.) The scaly covering of the foot of a bird or
reptile.
Podrida
Po*dri"da (?), n. [Sp., rotten.] A miscellaneous dish of meats. See
Olla-podrida.
Podura
Po*du"ra (?), n.; pl. L. Podur\'91 (#), E. Poduras (#). [NL.; Gr.
poy`s, podo`s, foot + Any small leaping thysanurous insect of the
genus Podura and related genera; a springtail. <-- p. 105 --> Podura
scale (Zo\'94l.), one of the minute scales with which the body of a
podura is covered. They are used as test objects for the microscope.
Podurid
Po*du"rid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Podura or allied genera.
-- a. Pertaining to the poduras.
Poe
Po"e (?), n. Same as Pol.
Poebird
Po"e*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parson bird.
P\'d2cile
P\'d2"ci*le (?), n. Same as Poicile.
P\'d2cilitic
P\'d2`ci*lit"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) (a) Mottled with various colors;
variegated; spotted; -- said of certain rocks. (b) Specifically: Of or
pertaining to, or characterizing, Triassic and Permian sandstones of
red and other colors. [Also written poikilitic.]
P\'d2cilopod
P\'d2*cil"o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'d2cilopode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
P\'d2cilopoda. Also used adjectively.
P\'d2cilopoda
P\'d2`ci*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
Originally, an artificial group including many parasitic Entomostraca,
together with the horseshoe crabs (Limuloidea). (b) By some recent
writers applied to the Merostomata.
Poem
Po"em (?), n. [L. po\'89ma, Gr. po\'89me.]
1. A metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain
measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme, and characterized by
imagination and poetic diction; -- contradistinguished from prose; as,
the poems of Homer or of Milton.
2. A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly
imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose poem; the poems of Ossian.
Poematic
Po`em*at"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry; poetical.
[R.] Coleridge.
Poenamu
Po*e"na*mu (?), n. (Min.) A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in
New Zealand for the manufacture of axes and weapons.
P P (?), n. See Penology.
Poephaga
Po*eph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of
herbivorous marsupials including the kangaroos and their allies. --
Po*eph"a*gous (#), a.
Poesy
Po"e*sy (?), n. [F. po\'82sie (cf. It. poesia), L. poesis, from Gr.
Posy.]
1. The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the
heavenly gift of poesy. Shak.
2. Poetry; metrical composition; poems.
Music and poesy used to quicken you. Shak.
3. A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a posy.
Bacon.
Poet
Po"et (?), n. [F. po\'89te, L. po\'89ta, fr. Gr. Poem.] One skilled in
making poetry; one who has a particular genius for metrical
composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker or writer.
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven
to earth, from earth to heaven. Shak.
A poet is a maker, as the word signifies. Dryden.
Poet laureate. See under Laureate.
Poetaster
Po"et*as`ter (?), n. An inferior rhymer, or writer of verses; a
dabbler in poetic art.
The talk of forgotten poetasters. Macaulay.
Poetastry
Po"et*as`try (?), n. The works of a poetaster. [R.]
Poetess
Po"et*ess, n. [Cf. F. po\'82tesse.] A female poet.
Poetic, Poetical
Po*et"ic (?), Po*et"ic*al (?), a. [L. po\'89ticus, Gr. po\'82tiquee.]
1. Of or pertaining to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for writing
poetry; as, poetic talent, theme, work, sentiments. Shak.
2. Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the imaginative or the
rhythmical quality of poetry; as, a poetical composition; poetical
prose.
Poetic license. See License, n., 4.
Poetically
Po*et"ic*al*ly, adv. In a poetic manner.
Poetics
Po*et"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. po\'82tique, L. po\'89tica, po\'89tice, Gr.
The principles and rules of the art of poetry. J. Warton.
Poeticule
Po*et"i*cule (?), n. A poetaster. Swinburne.
Poetize
Po"et*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Poetized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poetizing.] [Cf. F. po\'82tiser.] To write as a poet; to compose
verse; to idealize.
I versify the truth, not poetize. Donne.
Poetry
Po"et*ry (?), n. [OF. poeterie. See Poet.]
1. The art of apprehending and interpreting ideas by the faculty of
imagination; the art of idealizing in thought and in expression.
For poetry is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge,
human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language. Coleridge.
2. Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed rhythmically
or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse; rhyme; poems
collectively; as, heroic poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or Pindaric
poetry. "The planetlike music of poetry." Sir P. Sidney.
She taketh most delight In music, instruments, and poetry. Shak.
Poetship
Po"et*ship, n. The state or personality of a poet. [R.]
Poggy
Pog"gy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) See Porgy. (b) A small whale.
Pogy
Po"gy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden.
NOTE: &hand; Po gy is of ten co nfounded with porgy, and therefore
incorrectly applied to various fishes.
Poh
Poh (?), interj. An exclamation expressing contempt or disgust; bah !
Pohagen
Po*ha"gen, n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pauhaugen.
Poi
Po"i (?), n. A national food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and
pounding the kalo (or taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste,
which is allowed to ferment.
Poicile, OR P\'d2cile
Poi"ci*le (?), OR P\'d2"ci*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poecile.] The
frescoed porch or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught. R. Browning.
Poignancy
Poign"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being poignant; as, the
poignancy of satire; the poignancy of grief. Swift.
Poignant
Poign"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of poindre to sting, fr. L. pungere to
prick, sting. See Pungent.]
1. Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent. "His poignant spear." Spenser.
"Poynaunt sauce." Chaucer.
2. Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical.
His wit . . . became more lively and poignant. Sir W. Scott.
Poignantly
Poign"ant*ly, adv. In a poignant manner.
Poikilitic
Poi`ki*lit"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See P\'d2cilitic.
Poikilocyte
Poi"ki*lo*cyte (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) An irregular form of corpuscle
found in the blood in cases of profound an\'91mia, probably a
degenerated red blood corpuscle.
Poikilothermal, Poikilothermic
Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal (?), Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic (?), a. [Gr. thermal,
thermic.] (Physiol.) Having a varying body temperature. See
Homoiothermal.
Poikilothermous
Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous (?), a. (Physiol.) Poikilothermal.
Poinciana
Poin`ci*a"na (?), n. [NL. Named after M. de Poinci, a governor of the
French West Indies.] (Bot.) A prickly tropical shrub (C\'91salpinia,
formerly Poinciana, pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes
of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ge nus Po inciana is ke pt up for three trees of
Eastern Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.
Poind
Poind (?), v. t. [See Pound to confine.]
1. To impound, as cattle. [Obs. or Scot.] Flavel.
2. To distrain. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
Poinder
Poind"er (?), n.
1. The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder. [Obs. or Scot.] T. Adams.
2. One who distrains property. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Poinsettia
Poin*set"ti*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Joel R. Poinsett of South
Carolina.] (Bot.) A Mexican shrub (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with very
large and conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish flowers.
Point
Point (?), v. t. & i. To appoint. [Obs.] Spenser.
Point
Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr.
pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Puncto, Puncture.]
1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the
sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin.
2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by
engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting
tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also pointer.
3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined termination.
Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending
into the water beyond the common shore line.
4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a
needle; a prick.
5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed.
Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that
which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, --
sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of
which a line is conceived to be produced.
6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the
verge.
When time's first point begun Made he all souls. Sir J. Davies.
7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a
composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off
groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a
period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion.
And there a point, for ended is my tale. Chaucer.
Commas and points they set exactly right. Pope.
8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to
indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree;
step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a point of
elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by
tenpoints. "A point of precedence." Selden. "Creeping on from point to
point." Tennyson.
A lord full fat and in good point. Chaucer.
9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character;
a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a
particular; an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a
horse, a book, a story, etc.
He told him, point for point, in short and plain. Chaucer.
In point of religion and in point of honor. Bacon.
Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ? Milton.
10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument,
discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be
established; as, the point of an anecdote. "Here lies the point."
Shak.
They will hardly prove his point. Arbuthnot.
11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio.
This fellow doth not stand upon points. Shak.
[He] cared not for God or man a point. Spenser.
12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as:
(a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain
tones or styles; as, points of perfection, of augmentation, etc.;
hence, a note; a tune. "Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a
flourish, but a point of war." Sir W. Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot
placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its
time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes,
a half note equal to three quarter notes.
13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of
reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more
great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case
according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the
solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See
Equinoctial Nodal.
14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See
Escutcheon.
15. (Naut.) (a) One of the points of the compass (see Points of the
compass, below); also, the difference between two points of the
compass; as, to fall off a point. (b) A short piece of cordage used in
reefing sails. See Reef point, under Reef.
16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together certain
parts of the dress. Sir W. Scott.
17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See
Point lace, below.
18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.]
19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant,
U. S.]
20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve
or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman.
21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the
dog came to a point. See Pointer.
22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of type
bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See Point
system of type, under Type.
23. A tyne or snag of an antler.
24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board.
25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce
point.
NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rd po int is a general term, much used in the
sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and
physics, but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that
of degree, or condition of change, and with some accompanying
descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the
specific uses are explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry
point, freezing point, melting point, vanishing point, etc.
At all points, in every particular, completely; perfectly. Shak. -- At
point, In point, At, In, OR On, the point, as near as can be; on the
verge; about (see About, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was
on the point of speaking. "In point to fall down." Chaucer. "Caius
Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so
valiantly as brought day on his side." Milton. -- Dead point. (Mach.)
Same as Dead center, under Dead. -- Far point (Med.), in
ophthalmology, the farthest point at which objects are seen
distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at which objects are seen
distinctly; either with the two eyes together (binocular near point),
or with each eye separately (monocular near point). -- Nine points of
the law, all but the tenth point; the greater weight of authority. --
On the point. See At point, above. -- Point lace, lace wrought with
the needle, as distinguished from that made on the pillow. -- Point
net, a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels
ground). -- Point of concurrence (Geom.), a point common to two lines,
but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that
in which a cycloid meets its base. -- Point of contrary flexure, a
point at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which
its convexity and concavity change sides. -- Point of order, in
parliamentary practice, a question of order or propriety under the
rules. -- Point of sight (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point
assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator. -- Point of
view, the relative position from which anything is seen or any subject
is considered. -- Points of the compass (Naut.), the thirty-two points
of division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the
corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to
be divided, of which the four marking the directions of east, west,
north, and south, are called cardinal points, and the rest are named
from their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N.,
N. E., etc. See Illust. under Compass. -- Point paper, paper pricked
through so as to form a stencil for transferring a design. -- Point
system of type. See under Type. -- Singular point (Geom.), a point of
a curve which possesses some property not possessed by points in
general on the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc.
-- To carry one's point, to accomplish one's object, as in a
controversy. -- To make a point of, to attach special importance to.
-- To make, OR gain, a point, accomplish that which was proposed;
also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position. -- To mark, OR
score, a point, as in billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to
make, a successful hit, run, etc. -- To strain a point, to go beyond
the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience. --
Vowel point, in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient
languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to
it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows
the consonant.
Point
Point (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pointing.]
[Cf. F. pointer. See Point, n.]
1. To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, forge, grind, or file to an
acute end; as, to point a dart, or a pencil. Used also figuratively;
as, to point a moral.
2. To direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to point a gun at a wolf,
or a cannon at a fort.
3. Hence, to direct the attention or notice of.
Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and
pointed to every scene of them. Pope.
4. To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate; as, to point a
composition.
5. To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points.
6. To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special manner;
to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the error was pointed out. Pope.
He points it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward
manner of speech. Dickens.
7. To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game.
8. (Masonry) To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by
introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth
surface.
9. (Stone Cutting) To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool.
To point a rope (Naut.), to taper and neatly finish off the end by
interweaving the nettles. -- To point a sail (Naut.), to affix points
through the eyelet holes of the reefs. -- To point off, to divide into
periods or groups, or to separate, by pointing, as figures. -- To
point the yards (of a vessel) (Naut.), to brace them so that the wind
shall strike the sails obliquely. Totten. <-- p. 106 -->
Point
Point (point), v. i.
1. To direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the purpose
of designating an object, and attracting attention to it; -- with at.
Now must the world point at poor Katharine. Shak.
Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe. Dryden.
2. To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as
certain hunting dogs do.
He treads with caution, and he points with fear. Gay.
3. (Med.) To approximate to the surface; to head; -- said of an
abscess.
To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing
attention to. -- To point well (Naut.), to sail close to the wind; --
said of a vessel.
Pointal
Point"al (?), n. [From Point: cf. F. pointal an upright wooden prop,
OF. pointille a prick or prickle.]
1. (Bot.) The pistil of a plant.
2. A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets of the Middle Ages.
"A pair of tablets [i. e., tablets] . . . and a pointel." Chaucer.
3. (Arch.) See Poyntel. [Obs. or R.]
Point-blank
Point`-blank" (?), n. [F. point point + blanc white.]
1. The white spot on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is
aimed. [Obs.] Jonson.
2. (Mil.) (a) With all small arms, the second point in which the
natural line of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory. (b) With
artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the horizontal
plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece being horizontal.
Point-blank
Point`-blank", a.
1. Directed in a line toward the object aimed at; aimed directly
toward the mark.
2. Hence, direct; plain; unqualified; -- said of language; as, a
point-blank assertion.
Point-blank range, the extent of the apparent right line of a ball
discharged. -- Point-blank shot, the shot of a gun pointed directly
toward the object to be hit.
Point-blank
Point`-blank", adv. In a point-blank manner.
To sin point-blank against God's word. Fuller.
<-- the following foreign words had no mark in front, in the original.
Why? -->
Point d'appui
Point` d'ap`pui" (?). [F.] (Mil.) See under Appui.
Point-device, Point-devise
Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise" (?), a. [OE. at point devis; at at +
point point, condition + devis exact, careful, OF. devis fixed, set.
See Device.] Uncommonly nice and exact; precise; particular.
You are rather point-devise in your accouterments. Shak.
Thus he grew up, in logic point-devise, Perfect in grammar, and in
rhetoric nice. Longfellow.
Point-device, Point-devise
Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise", adv. Exactly. [Obs.] Shak.
Pointed
Point"ed (?), a.
1. Sharp; having a sharp point; as, a pointed rock.
2. Characterized by sharpness, directness, or pithiness of expression;
terse; epigrammatic; especially, directed to a particular person or
thing.
His moral pleases, not his pointed wit. Pope.
Pointed arch (Arch.), an arch with a pointed crown. -- Pointed style
(Arch.), a name given to that style of architecture in which the
pointed arch is the predominant feature; -- more commonly called
Gothic. -- Point"ed*ly, adv. -- Point"ed*ness, n.
Pointel
Point"el (?), n. [From Point. Cf. Pointal.] See Pointal.
Pointer
Point"er (?), n. One who, or that which, points. Specifically: (a) The
hand of a timepiece. (b) (Zo\'94l.) One of a breed of dogs trained to
stop at scent of game, and with the nose point it out to sportsmen.
(c) pl. (Astron.) The two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Great Bear,
the line between which points nearly in the direction of the north
star. See Illust. of Ursa Major. (b) pl. (Naut.) Diagonal braces
sometimes fixed across the hold.
Pointing
Point"ing, n.
1. The act of sharpening.
2. The act of designating, as a position or direction, by means of
something pointed, as a finger or a rod.
3. The act or art of punctuating; punctuation.
4. The act of filling and finishing the joints in masonry with mortar,
cement, etc.; also, the material so used.
5. The rubbing off of the point of the wheat grain in the first
process of high milling.
6. (Sculpt.) The act or process of measuring, at the various distances
from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece
of statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the
artist's model.
Pointingstock
Point`ing*stock` (?), n. An object of ridicule or scorn; a
laughingstock. Shak.
Pointless
Point"less, a. Having no point; blunt; wanting keenness; obtuse; as, a
pointless sword; a pointless remark. Syn. -- Blunt; obtuse, dull;
stupid.
Pointlessly
Point"less*ly, adv. Without point.
Pointleted
Point"let*ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having a small, distinct point; apiculate.
Henslow.
Pointrel
Poin"trel (?), n. A graving tool. Knight.
Pointsman
Points"man (?), n.; pl. -men (-men). A man who has charge of railroad
points or switches. [Eng.]
Poise
Poise (?), n. [OE. pois, peis, OF. pois, peis, F. poids, fr. L. pensum
a portion weighed out, pendere to weigh, weigh out. Cf. Avoirdupois,
Pendant, Poise, v.] [Formerly written also peise.]
1. Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend; heaviness.
"Weights of an extraordinary poise." Evelyn. <-- Obsolete? -->
2. The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the
substance weighed.
3. The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise;
balance; equilibrium; rest. Bentley.
4. That which causes a balance; a counterweight.
Men of unbounded imagination often want the poise of judgment.
Dryden.
Poise
Poise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poised, (; p. pr. & vb. n. Poising.]
[OE. poisen, peisen, OF. & F. peser, to weigh, balance, OF. il peise,
il poise, he weighs, F. il p\'8ase, fr. L. pensare, v. intens. fr.
pendere to weigh. See Poise, n., and cf. Pensive.] [Formerly written
also peise.]
1. To balance; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales of a
balance.
2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance.
Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky; Nor poised, did on her own
foundation lie. Dryden.
3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance.
One scale of reason to poise another of sensuality. Shak.
To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit. Dryden.
4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.
He can not sincerely consider the strength, poise the weight, and
discern the evidence. South.
5. To weigh (down); to oppress. [Obs.]
Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow. Shak.
Poise
Poise, v. i. To hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended;
hence, to be in suspense or doubt.
The slender, graceful spars Poise aloft in air. Longfellow.
Poiser
Pois"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The balancer of dipterous insects.
Poison
Poi"son (?), n. [F. poison, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L. potio
a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught, fr. potare to drink.
See Potable, and cf. Potion.]
1. Any agent which, when introduced into the animal organism, is
capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; as,
morphine is a deadly poison; the poison of pestilential diseases.
2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as, the
poison of evil example; the poison of sin.
Poison ash. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera)
found in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black liquor
distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities. (b) The poison sumac
(Rhus venenata). [U. S.] -- Poison dogwood (Bot.), poison sumac. --
Poison fang (Zo\'94l.), one of the superior maxillary teeth of some
species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp, is
either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower end
of which the duct of the poison gland terminates. See Illust. under
Fang. -- Poison gland (Biol.), a gland, in animals or plants, which
secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ
capable of inflicting a wound. -- Poison hemlock (Bot.), a poisonous
umbelliferous plant (Conium maculatum). See Hemlock. -- Poison ivy
(Bot.), a poisonous climbing plant (Rhus Toxicodendron) of North
America. It is common on stone walls and on the trunks of trees, and
has trifoliate, rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people
are poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See Poison sumac. Called
also poison oak, and mercury. -- Poison nut. (Bot.) (a) Nux vomica.
(b) The tree which yields this seed (Strychnos Nuxvomica). It is found
on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. -- Poison oak (Bot.), the poison
ivy; also, the more shrubby Rhus diversiloba of California and Oregon.
Poison sac. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Poison gland, above. See Illust. under
Fang. -- Poison sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus Rhus (R.
venenata); -- also called poison ash, poison dogwood, and poison
elder. It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles,
and usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy
(Rhus Toxicodendron) have clusters of smooth greenish white berries,
while the red-fruited species of this genus are harmless. The tree
(Rhus vernicifera) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer is almost
identical with the poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice
of the poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan.
Syn. -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity. -- Poison, Venom. Poison
usually denotes something received into the system by the mouth,
breath, etc. Venom is something discharged from animals and received
by means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions,
etc. Hence, venom specifically implies some malignity of nature or
purpose.
Poison
Poi"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poisoning.]
[Cf. OF. poisonner, F. empoissoner, L. potionare to give to drink. See
Poison, n.]
1. To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; as, to poison an
arrow; to poison food or drink. "The ingredients of our poisoned
chalice." Shak.
2. To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to.
If you poison us, do we not die ? Shak.
3. To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; as, vice poisons happiness;
slander poisoned his mind.
Whispering tongues can poison truth. Coleridge.
Poison
Poi"son, v. i. To act as, or convey, a poison.
Tooth that poisons if it bite. Shak.
Poisonable
Poi"son*a*ble (?), a.
1. Capable of poisoning; poisonous. [Obs.] "Poisonable heresies."
Tooker.
2. Capable of being poisoned.
Poisoner
Poi"son*er (?), n. One who poisons. Shak.
Poisonous
Poi"son*ous (?), a. Having the qualities or effects of poison;
venomous; baneful; corrupting; noxious. Shak. -- Poi"son*ous*ly, adv.
-- Poi"son*ous*ness, n.
Poisonsome
Poi"son*some (?), a. Poisonous.[Obs.] Holland.
Poisure
Poi"sure (?), n. [See Poise.] Weight. [Obs.]
Poitrel
Poi"trel (?), n. [OE. poitrel, F. poitrail, fr. L. pectorale a
breastplate, fr. pectoralis, a. See Pectoral, a.] (Anc. Armor) The
breastplate of the armor of a horse. See Peytrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Poize
Poize (?), n. See Poise. [Obs.]
Pokal
Po*kal" (?), n. [G.] A tall drinking cup.
Poke
Poke (?), n. (Bot.) A large North American herb of the genus
Phytolacca (P. decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called
also garget, pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries
have emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The
young shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and
the berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.
Poke
Poke, n. [AS. poca, poha, pohha; akin to Icel. poki, OD. poke, and
perh. to E. pock; cf. also Gael.poca, and OF. poque. Cf. Pock, Pocket,
Pouch.]
1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. "He drew a dial from his poke." Shak.
They wallowed as pigs in a poke. Chaucer.
2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve.
To boy a pig a poke (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without
knowledge or examination of it. Camden.
Poke
Poke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poking.] [Cf. LG.
poken to prick, pierce, thrust, pok a dagger, knife, D. pook, G.
pocken to beat, also Ir. poc a blow, Gael. puc to push.]
1. To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to
stir up; to excite; as, to poke a fire.
He poked John, and said "Sleepest thou ?" Chaucer.
2. To thrust with the horns; to gore.
3. [From 5th Poke, 3.] To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [Colloq.
U. S.]
To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun
at, to make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.]
Poke
Poke, v. i. To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope;
as, to poke about.
A man must have poked into Latin and Greek. Prior.
Poke
Poke, n.
1. The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs. Ld.
Lytton.
2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person.
[Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.
3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through
fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward.
[U.S.]
Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.
Pokebag
Poke"bag` (?), n. [So called in allusion to its baglike nest.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European long-tailed titmouse; -- called also
poke-pudding. [Prov. Eng.]
Poker
Pok"er (?), n. [From Poke to push.]
1. One who pokes.
2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or
rod used in stirring a fire of coals.
3. A poking-stick. Decker.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.]
Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings,
by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron.<--
wood burning? --> Fairholt.
Poker
Pok"er, n. [Of uncertain etymol.] A game at cards derived from brag,
and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States.
Johnson's Cyc. <--
NOTE: A po ker ha nd is pl ayed wi th a po ker de ck, composed of
fifty-two cards, of thirteeen values, each card value being
represented once in each of four "suits", namely spades, hearts,
diamonds, and clubs. The game is played in many variations, but
almost invariably the stage of decision as to who wins occurs when
each player has five cards (or chooses five cards from some larger
number available to him). The winner usually is the player with the
highest-valued hand, but, in some variations, the winner may be the
player with the lowest-valued hand. The value of a hand is ranked
by hand types, representing the relationships of the cards to each
other. [The hand types are ranked by the probability of receiving
such a hand when dealt five cards.] Within each hand type the value
is also ranked by the values of the cards. The hand types are
labeled, in decreasing value: five of a kind; royal flush; straight
flush; four of a kind; full house (coll. full boat, or boat);
flush; straight; three of a kind; two pairs; one pair; and, when
the contending players have no hands of any of the above types, the
player with the highest-valued card wins -- if there is a tie, the
next-highest-valued card of the tied players determines the winner,
and so on. If two players have the same type of hand, the value of
the cards within each type determines the winner; thus, if two
players both have three of a kind (and no other player has a higher
type of hand), the player whose three matched cards have the
highest card value is the winner. -->
Poker
Pok"er, n. [Cf. Dan. pokker the deuce, devil, also W. pwci, a
hobgoblin, bugbear, and E. puck.] Any imagined frightful object,
especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq.
U. S.]
Pokerish
Pok"er*ish, a. Infested by pokers; adapted to excite fear; as, a
pokerish place. [Colloq. U. S.]
There is something pokerish about a deserted dwelling. Lowell.
Pokerish
Pok"er*ish, a. Stiff like a poker. [Colloq.]
Poket
Pok"et (?), n. A pocket. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pokeweed
Poke"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Poke, the plant.
Pokey
Pok"ey (?), a. See Poky.
Poking
Pok"ing (?), a. Drudging; servile. [Colloq.]
Bred to some poking profession. Gray.
Poking-stick
Pok"ing-stick` (?), n. A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used
in adjusting the plaits of ruffs. Shak.
Poky
Pok"y (?), a. [Written also pokey.]
1. Confined; cramped. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting. [Colloq.]
Polacca
Po*lac"ca (?), n. [It. polacca, polaccra, polacra; cf. F. polaque,
polacre, Sp. polacre,] [Written also polacre.]
1. (Naut.) A vessel with two or three masts, used in the
Mediterranean. The masts are usually of one piece, and without
tops, caps, or crosstrees.
2. (Mus.) See Polonaise.
Polack
Po"lack (?), n. A Polander. Shak.
Polacre
Po*la"cre (?), n. Same as Polacca, 1.
Polander
Po"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.
Polar
Po"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.]
1. Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a
sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; as,
polar regions; polar seas; polar winds.
2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which
the magnetic needle is directed.
3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common
radiating point; as, polar co\'94rdinates.
Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial,
which is parallel to the earths axis. -- Polar bear (Zo\'94l.), a
large bear (Ursus, OR Thalarctos, maritimus) inhabiting the arctic
regions. It sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs
1,600 pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most
carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow.
Called also White bear. See Bear. -- Polar body, cell, OR globule
(Biol.), a minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum
during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar
bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar
body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often divides
into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies
removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the
chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozo\'94n; but their functions are
not fully understood. -- Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles,
each at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of
the ecliptic, or about 23° 28\'b7, the northern called the arctic
circle, and the southern the antarctic circle. -- Polar clock, a tube,
containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that
of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by
being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of
the sky, which is always 90° from the sun. -- Polar co\'94rdinates.
See under 3d Co\'94rdinate. -- Polar dial, a dial whose plane is
parallel to a great circle passing through the poles of the earth.
Math. Dict. -- Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a
sphere from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the
north pole of the heavens. -- Polar equation of a line OR surface, an
equation which expresses the relation between the polar co\'94rdinates
of every point of the line or surface. -- Polar forces (Physics),
forces that are developed and act in pairs, with opposite tendencies
or properties in the two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc. --
Polar hare (Zo\'94l.), a large hare of Arctic America (Lepus
arcticus), which turns pure white in winter. It is probably a variety
of the common European hare (L. timidus). -- Polar lights, the aurora
borealis or australis. -- Polar, OR Polaric, opposition OR contrast
(Logic), an opposition or contrast made by the existence of two
opposite conceptions which are the extremes in a species, as white and
black in colors; hence, as great an opposition or contrast as
possible. -- Polar projection. See under Projection. -- Polar
spherical triangle (Spherics), a spherical triangle whose three
angular points are poles of the sides of a given triangle. See 4th
Pole, 2. -- Polar whale (Zo\'94l.), the right whale, or bowhead. See
Whale. <-- p. 107 -->
Polar
Po"lar (?), n. (Conic Sections) The right line drawn through the two
points of contact of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a
given conic section. The given point is called the pole of the line.
If the given point lies within the curve so that the two tangents
become imaginary, there is still a real polar line which does not meet
the curve, but which possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the
focus and directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar
curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar
planes to surfaces of the second degree.
Polarchy
Pol"ar*chy (?), n. See Polyarchy.
Polaric
Po*lar"ic (?), a. See Polar. [R.]
Polarily
Po"lar*i*ly (?), adv. In a polary manner; with polarity. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.
Polarimeter
Po`lar*im"e*ter (?), n. [Polar + -meter.] (Opt.) An instrument for
determining the amount of polarization of light, or the proportion of
polarized light, in a partially polarized ray.
Polarimetry
Po`lar*im"e*try (?), n. (Opt.) The art or process of measuring the
polarization of light.
Polaris
Po*la"ris (?), n. [NL. See Polar.] (Astron.) The polestar. See North
star, under North.
Polariscope
Po*lar"i*scope (?), n. [Polar + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument
consisting essentially of a polarizer and an analyzer, used for
polarizing light, and analyzing its properties.
Polariscopic
Po*lar`i*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the polariscope;
obtained by the use of a polariscope; as, polariscopic observations.
Polariscopy
Po`lar*is"co*py (?), n. (Opt.) The art or rocess of making
observations with the polariscope.
Polaristic
Po`lar*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a
polar arrangement or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the
possession of poles or polar characteristics; as, polaristic
antagonism.
Polarity
Po*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. polarit\'82.]
1. (Physics) That quality or condition of a body in virtue of which it
exhibits opposite, or contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite,
or contrasted, parts or directions; or a condition giving rise to a
contrast of properties corresponding to a contrast of positions, as,
for example, attraction and repulsion in the opposite parts of a
magnet, the dissimilar phenomena corresponding to the different sides
of a polarized ray of light, etc.
2. (Geom.) A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given
point determines a corresponding right line and a given right line
determines a corresponding point. See Polar, n.
Polarizable
Po"lar*i`za*ble (?), a. Susceptible of polarization.
Polarization
Po`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. polarisation.]
1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having
polarity.
2. (Opt.) A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or
heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in
different directions.
NOTE: &hand; If a be am of light, which has been reflected from a
plate of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56\'f8, be received
upon a second plate of glass similar to the former, and at the same
angle of incidence, the light will be readily reflected when the
two planes of incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be
reflected when the two planes of incidence are perpendicular to
each other. The light has, therefore, acquired new properties by
reflection from the first plate of glass, and is called polarized
light, while the modification which the light has experienced by
this reflection is called polarization. The plane in which the beam
of light is reflected from the first mirror is called the plane of
polarization. The angle of polarization is the angle at which a
beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization may
be the most complete. The term polarization was derived from the
theory of emission, and it was conceived that each luminous
molecule has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this
view is not now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary
light is produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the
direction of the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as
to any particular direction. But when, by any means, these,
vibrations are made to take place in one plane, the light is said
to be plane polarized. If only a portion of the vibrations lie in
one plane the ray is said to be partially polarized. Light may be
polarized by several methods other than by reflection, as by
refraction through most crystalline media, or by being transmitted
obliquely through several plates of glass with parallel faces. If a
beam of polarized light be transmitted through a crystal of quartz
in the direction of its axis, the plane of polarization will be
changed by an angle proportional to the thickness of the crystal.
This phenomenon is called rotatory polarization. A beam of light
reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces under
certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more
complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular,
or elliptical. This phenomenon is called circular or elliptical
polarization.
3. (Elec.) An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or
the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of
the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to
the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the
setting up of an opposing electro-motive force, both of which tend
materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing
through the cell.
Polarize
Po"lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Polarizing (?).] [Cf. F. polariser.] To communicate polarity to.
Polarizer
Po"lar*i`zer (?), n. (Physics) That which polarizes; especially, the
part of a polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It is
usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline,
or a doubly refracting crystal. <-- Polaroid. [A trademark of the
Polaroid company] 1. polarizing light; as, a polaroid lens. Used to
refer to a smitransparent material which permits transmission of only
plane-polarized light. 2. Relating to, or able to take, instant
photographs; as, a polaroid camera; a polaroid photo. -->
Polary
Po"lar*y (?), a. Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.
Polatouche
Po`la`touche" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A flying squirrel (Sciuropterus
volans) native of Northern Europe and Siberia; -- called also minene.
Polder
Pol"der (?), n. [D.] A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of
high embankments. [Holland & Belgium]
Poldway
Pold"way` (?), n. [Cf. Poledavy.] A kind of coarse bagging, -- used
for coal sacks. Weale.
Pole
Pole (?), n. [Cf. G. Pole a Pole, Polen Poland.] A native or
inhabitant of Poland; a Polander.
Pole
Pole, n. [As. p\'bel, L. palus, akin to pangere to make fast. Cf. Pale
a stake, Pact.]
1. A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber; the
stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; as,
specifically: (a) A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the
front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the
carriage is guided and held back. (b) A flag pole, a pole on which a
flag is supported. (c) A Maypole. See Maypole. (d) A barber's pole, a
pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers.
(e) A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are trained.
2. A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5 Bacon.
Pole bean (Bot.), any kind of bean which is customarily trained on
poles, as the scarlet runner or the Lima bean. -- Pole flounder
(Zo\'94l.), a large deep-water flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus),
native of the northern coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed
as a food fish; -- called also craig flounder, and pole fluke. -- Pole
lathe, a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which
the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end being
fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole above. --
Pole mast (Naut.), a mast formed from a single piece or from a single
tree. -- Pole of a lens (Opt.), the point where the principal axis
meets the surface. -- Pole plate (Arch.), a horizontal timber resting
on the tiebeams of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It
differs from the plate in not resting on the wall.
Pole
Pole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poling.]
1. To furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans or hops.
2. To convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn.
3. To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat.
4. To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.
Pole
Pole, n. [L. polus, Gr. p\'93le.]
1. Either extremity of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the
extremities of the earth's axis; as, the north pole.
2. (Spherics) A point upon the surface of a sphere equally distant
from every part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point
in which a diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such
circle meets the surface. Such a point is called the pole of that
circle; as, the pole of the horizon; the pole of the ecliptic; the
pole of a given meridian.
3. (Physics) One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in
which a polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a
force which has two such points, or which has polarity; as, the poles
of a magnet; the north pole of a needle.
4. The firmament; the sky. [Poetic]
Shoots against the dusky pole. Milton.
5. (Geom.) See Polarity, and Polar, n.
Magnetic pole. See under Magnetic. -- Poles of the earth, OR
Terrestrial poles (Geog.), the two opposite points on the earth's
surface through which its axis passes. -- Poles of the heavens, OR
Celestial poles, the two opposite points in the celestial sphere which
coincide with the earth's axis produced, and about which the heavens
appear to revolve.<-- sic. something seems missing. is "produced"
superfluous? -->
Poleax, Poleaxe
Pole"ax`, Pole"axe` (?), n. [OE. pollax; cf. OD. pollexe. See Poll
head, and Ax.] Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle;
later, an ax or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously
patterned; -- used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a
vessel.
Polecat
Pole"cat` (?), n. [Probably fr. F. poule hen, and originally, a
poultry cat, because it feeds on poultry. See Poultry.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A small European carnivore of the Weasel family (Putorius f\'d2tidus).
Its scent glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly disagreeable
odor. Called also fitchet, foulmart, and European ferret. (b) The
zorilla. The name is also applied to other allied species.
Poledavy
Pole"da`vy (?), n. [Etymology uncertain.] A sort of coarse canvas;
poldway. [Obs.] Howell.
Poleless
Pole"less, a. Without a pole; as, a poleless chariot.
Polemarch
Pol"e*march (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) In Athens, originally, the
military commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had
jurisdiction in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian
cities, a high military and civil officer.
Polemic
Po*lem"ic (?), a. [Gr. pol\'82mique.]
1. Of or pertaining to controversy; maintaining, or involving,
controversy; controversial; disputative; as, a polemic discourse or
essay; polemic theology.
2. Engaged in, or addicted to, polemics, or to controversy;
disputations; as, a polemic writer. South.
Polemic
Po*lem"ic, n.
1. One who writes in support of one opinion, doctrine, or system, in
opposition to another; one skilled in polemics; a controversialist; a
disputant.
The sarcasms and invectives of the young polemic. Macaulay.
2. A polemic argument or controversy.
Polemical
Po*lem"ic*al (?), a. Polemic; controversial; disputatious. --
Po*lem"ic*al*ly, adv.
Polemical and impertinent disputations. Jer. Taylor.
Polemicist
Po*lem"i*cist (?), n. A polemic. [R.]
Polemics
Po*lem"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. pol\'82mique.] The art or practice of
disputation or controversy, especially on religious subjects; that
branch of theological science which pertains to the history or conduct
of ecclesiastical controversy.
Polemist
Pol"e*mist (?), n. A polemic. [R.]
Polemoniaceous
Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
of plants (Polemoniace\'91), which includes Polemonium, Phlox, Gilia,
and a few other genera.
Polemonium
Pol`e*mo"ni*um (?). n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of gamopetalous
perennial herbs, including the Jacob's ladder and the Greek valerian.
Polemoscope
Po*lem"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope: cf. F. pol\'82moscope.] An opera
glass or field glass with an oblique mirror arranged for seeing
objects do not lie directly before the eye; -- called also diagonal,
OR side, opera glass.
Polemy
Pol"e*my (?), n. [See Polemic.] Warfare; war; hence, contention;
opposition. [Obs.]
Polenta
Po*len"ta (?), n. [It., fr. L. polenta peeled barley.] Pudding made of
Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut meal. [Italy]
Poler
Pol"er (?), n. One who poles.
Poler
Pol"er, n. An extortioner. See Poller. [Obs.] Bacon.
Polestar
Pole"star` (?), n.
1. Polaris, or the north star. See North star, under North.
2. A guide or director.
Polewards
Pole"wards (?), adv. Toward a pole of the earth. "The regions further
polewards." Whewell.
Polewig
Pole"wig (?), n. [Cf. Polliwig.] (Zo\'94l.) The European spotted goby
(Gobius minutus); -- called also pollybait. [Prov. Eng.]
Poley
Po"ley (?), n. (Bot.) See Poly.
Poley
Po"ley, a. Without horns; polled. [Prov. Eng.] "That poley heifer." H.
Kingsley.
Polianite
Po"li*a*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Manganese dioxide, occurring in
tetragonal crystals nearly as hard as quartz.
Policate
Pol"i*cate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pollicate.
Police
Po*lice" (?), n. [F., fr. L. politia the condition of a state,
government, administration, Gr. pur, puri. Cf. Policy polity, Polity.]
1. A judicial and executive system, for the government of a city,
town, or district, for the preservation of rights, order, cleanliness,
health, etc., and for the enforcement of the laws and prevention of
crime; the administration of the laws and regulations of a city,
incorporated town, or borough.
2. That which concerns the order of the community; the internal
regulation of a state.
3. The organized body of civil officers in a city, town, or district,
whose particular duties are the preservation of good order, the
prevention and detection of crime, and the enforcement of the laws.
4. (Mil.) Military police, the body of soldiers detailed to preserve
civil order and attend to sanitary arrangements in a camp or garrison.
5. The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state
Police commissioner, a civil officer, usually one of a board,
commissioned to regulate and control the appointment, duties, and
discipline of the police. -- Police constable, OR Police officer, a
policeman. -- Police court, a minor court to try persons brought
before it by the police. -- Police inspector, an officer of police
ranking next below a superintendent. -- Police jury, a body of
officers who collectively exercise jurisdiction in certain cases of
police, as levying taxes, etc.; -- so called in Louisiana. Bouvier. --
Police justice, OR Police magistrate, a judge of a police court. --
Police offenses (Law), minor offenses against the order of the
community, of which a police court may have final jurisdiction. --
Police station, the headquarters of the police, or of a section of
them; the place where the police assemble for orders, and to which
they take arrested persons.
Police
Po*lice", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Policing.]
1. To keep in order by police.
2. (Mil.) To make clean; as, to police a camp.
Policed
Po*liced" (?), a. Regulated by laws for the maintenance of peace and
order, enforced by organized administration. "A policed kingdom."
Howell.
Policeman
Po*lice"man (?), n.; pl. Policemen (. A member of a body of police; a
constable.
Policial
Po*li"cial (, a. Relating to the police. [R.] <-- p. 108 -->
Policied
Pol"i*cied (?), a. Policed. [Obs.] Bacon.
Policy
Pol"i*cy (?), n.; pl. Policies (#). [L. politia, Gr. police, Of.
police. See Police, n.]
1. Civil polity. [Obs.]
2. The settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation
are, or may be, administered; a system of public or official
administration, as designed to promote the external or internal
prosperity of a state.
3. The method by which any institution is administered; system of
management; course.
4. Management or administration based on temporal or material
interest, rather than on principles of equity or honor; hence, worldly
wisdom; dexterity of management; cunning; stratagem.
5. Prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private affairs;
wisdom; sagacity; wit.
The very policy of a hostess, finding his purse so far above his
clothes, did detect him. Fuller.
6. Motive; object; inducement. [Obs.]
What policy have you to bestow a benefit where it is counted an
injury? Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- See Polity.
Policy
Pol"i*cy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Policying.] To regulate by laws; to reduce to order. [Obs.] "Policying
of cities." Bacon.
Policy
Pol"i*cy, n. [F. police; cf. Pr. polissia, Sp. p\'a2lizia, It.
p\'a2lizza; of uncertain origin; cf. L. pollex thumb (as being used in
pressing the seal), in LL. also, seal; or cf. LL. politicum,
poleticum, polecticum, L. polyptychum, account book, register, fr. Gr.
apodixa a receipt.]
1. A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds.
2. The writing or instrument in which a contract of insurance is
embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and conditions
on which one party engages to indemnify another against loss arising
from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his person or property
may be exposed. See Insurance.
3. A method of gambling by betting as to what numbers will be drawn in
a lottery; as, to play policy.
Interest policy, a policy that shows by its form that the assured has
a real, substantial interest in the matter insured. -- Open policy,
one in which the value of the goods or property insured is not
mentioned. -- Policy book, a book to contain a record of insurance
policies. -- Policy holder, one to whom an insurance policy has been
granted. -- Policy shop, a gambling place where one may bet on the
numbers which will be drawn in lotteries. -- Valued policy, one in
which the value of the goods, property, or interest insured is
specified. -- Wager policy, a policy that shows on the face of it that
the contract it embodies is a pretended insurance, founded on an ideal
risk, where the insured has no interest in anything insured.
Poling
Pol"ing (?), n. [From Pole a stick.]
1. The act of supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or poles;
as, the poling of beans; the poling of a boat.
2. (Gardening) The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks
with poles.
3. One of the poles or planks used in upholding the side earth in
excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc.
Polish
Pol"ish (?), a. [From Pole a Polander.] Of or pertaining to Poland or
its inhabitants. -- n. The language of the Poles.
Polish
Pol"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Polishing.] [F. polir, L. polire. Cf. Polite, -ish]
1. To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to
overspread with luster; as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc.
2. Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or
rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or
manners. Milton.
To polish off, to finish completely, as an adversary. [Slang] W. H.
Russell.
Polish
Pol"ish, v. i. To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss;
to take a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel polishes well. Bacon.
Polish
Pol"ish, n.
1. A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction; a gloss or
luster.
Another prism of clearer glass and better polish. Sir I. Newton.
2. Anything used to produce a gloss.
3. Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.
This Roman polish and this smooth behavior. Addison.
Polishable
Pol"ish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being polished.
Polished
Pol"ished (?), a. Made smooth and glossy, as by friction; hence,
highly finished; refined; polite; as, polished plate; polished
manners; polished verse.
Polishedness
Pol"ished*ness, n. The quality of being polished.
Polisher
Pol"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, polishes; also, that which
is used in polishing. Addison.
Polishing
Pol"ish*ing, a. & n. from Polish. Polishing iron, an iron burnisher;
esp., a small smoothing iron used in laundries. -- Polishing slate.
(a) A gray or yellow slate, found in Bohemia and Auvergne, and used
for polishing glass, marble, and metals. (b) A kind of hone or
whetstone; hone slate. -- Polishing snake, a tool used in cleaning
lithographic stones. -- Polishing wheel, a wheel or disk coated with,
or composed of, abrading material, for polishing a surface.
Polishment
Pol"ish*ment (?), n. The act of polishing, or the state of being
polished. [R.]
Polite
Po*lite" (?), a. [Compar. Politer (?); superl. Politest.] [L. politus,
p. p. of polire to polish: cf. F. poli. See Polish, v.]
1. Smooth; polished. [Obs.]
Rays of light falling on a polite surface. Sir I. Newton.
2. Smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous;
complaisant; obliging; civil.
He marries, bows at court, and grows polite. Pope.
3. Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, polite
literature. Macaulay. Syn. -- Polished; refined; well bred; courteous;
affable; urbane; civil; courtly; elegant; genteel.
Polite
Po*lite", v. t. To polish; to refine; to render polite. [Obs.] Ray.
Politely
Po*lite"ly (?), adv.
1. In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or glossy. [Obs.] Milton.
2. In a polite manner; with politeness.
Politeness
Po*lite"ness, n.
1. High finish; smoothness; burnished elegance. [R.] Evelyn.
2. The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners;
urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions. Syn.
-- Courtesy; good breeding; refinement; urbanity; courteousness;
affability; complaisance; civility; gentility; courtliness. --
Politeness, Courtesy. Politeness denotes that ease and gracefulness of
manners which first sprung up in cities, connected with a desire to
please others by anticipating their wants and wishes, and studiously
avoiding whatever might give them pain. Courtesy is, etymologically,
the politeness of courts. It displays itself in the address and
manners; it is shown more especially in receiving and entertaining
others, and is a union of dignified complaisance and kindness.
Politesse
Pol`i*tesse" (?), n. [F.] Politeness.
Politic
Pol"i*tic (?), a. [L. politicus political, Gr. politique. See Police,
and cf. ePolitical.]
1. Of or pertaining to polity, or civil government; political; as, the
body politic. See under Body.
He with his people made all but one politic body. Sir P. Sidney.
2. Pertaining to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national
policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; --
said of things; as, a politic treaty. "Enrich'd with politic grave
counsel." Shak.
3. Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and
advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather
than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious;
and in a bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; -- said of persons.
Politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy. Shak.
Syn. -- Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary; artful;
cunning.
Politic
Pol`i*tic, n. A politician. [Archaic] Bacon.
Swiftly the politic goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern; Slowly
the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars. Lowell.
Political
Po*lit"i*cal (?), a.
1. Having, or conforming to, a settled system of administration. [R.]
"A political government." Evelyn.
2. Of or pertaining to public policy, or to politics; relating to
affairs of state or administration; as, a political writer. "The
political state of Europe." Paley.
3. Of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; as, his
political relations were with the Whigs.
4. Politic; wise; also, artful. [Obs.] Sterne.
Political economy, that branch of political science or philosophy
which treats of the sources, and methods of production and
preservation, of the material wealth and prosperity of nations.
Politicalism
Po*lit"i*cal*ism (?), n. Zeal or party spirit in politics.
Politically
Po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv.
1. In a political manner.
2. Politicly; artfully. [Obs.] Knolles.
Politicaster
Po*lit"i*cas`ter (?), n. [Cf. It. politicastro.] A petty politician; a
pretender in politics. Milton.
Politician
Pol`i*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. politicien.]
1. One versed or experienced in the science of government; one devoted
to politics; a statesman.
While empiric politicians use deceit. Dryden.
2. One primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or
to the success of a political party; -- used in a depreciatory sense;
one addicted or attached to politics as managed by parties (see
Politics, 2); a schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere politician.
Like a scurvy politician, seem To see the things thou dost not.
Shak.
The politician . . . ready to do anything that he apprehends for
his advantage. South.
Politician
Pol`i*ti"cian, a. Cunning; using artifice; politic; artful.
"Ill-meaning politician lords." Milton.
Politicist
Po*lit"i*cist (?), n. A political writer. [R.]
Politicly
Pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly;
artfully. Pope.
Politics
Pol"i*tics (?), n. [Cf. F. politique, Gr. Politic.]
1. The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with
the regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation
of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and
rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its
strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their
rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals.
2. The management of a political party; the conduct and contests of
parties with reference to political measures or the administration of
public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad
sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of
political candidates or parties; political trickery.
When we say that two men are talking politics, we often mean that
they are wrangling about some mere party question. F. W. Robertson.
Politize
Pol"i*tize (?), v. i. To play the politician; to dispute as
politicians do. [Obs.] Milton.
Politure
Pol"i*ture (?), n. [L. politura, fr. polire to polish. See Polish, v.]
Polish; gloss. [Obs.] Donne.
Polity
Pol"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Polities (#). [L. politia, Gr. politie. See 1st
Policy, Police.]
1. The form or constitution of the civil government of a nation or
state; the framework or organization by which the various departments
of government are combined into a systematic whole. Blackstone.
Hooker.
2. Hence: The form or constitution by which any institution is
organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of
any human institution.
Nor is possible that any form of polity, much less polity
ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it.
Hooker.
3. Policy; art; management. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- Policy. --
Polity, Policy. These two words were originally the same. Polity is
now confined to the structure of a government; as, civil or
ecclesiastical polity; while policy is applied to the scheme of
management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result; as,
foreign or domestic policy. Policy has the further sense of skillful
or cunning management.
Politzerization
Po*litz`er*i*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The act of inflating the middle
ear by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; -- so
called from Prof. Politzer of Vienna, who first practiced it.
Polive
Pol"ive (?), n. A pulley. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Polka
Pol"ka (?), n. [Pol. Polka a Polish woman: cf. F. & G. polka.]
1. A dance of Polish origin, but now common everywhere. It is
performed by two persons in common time.
2. (Mus.) A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with
the third quaver accented.
Polka jacket, a kind of knit jacket worn by women.
Poll
Poll (?), n. [From Polly, The proper name.] A parrot; -- familiarly so
called.
Poll
Poll, n. [Gr. One who does not try for honors, but is content to take
a degree merely; a passman. [Cambridge Univ., Eng.]
Poll
Poll (?), n. [Akin to LG. polle the head, the crest of a bird, the top
of a tree, OD. pol, polle, Dan. puld the crown of a hat.]
1. The head; the back part of the head. "All flaxen was his poll."
Shak.
2. A number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or
individuals.
We are the greater poll, and in true fear They gave us our demands.
Shak.
The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to
fifteen thousand poll. Shak.
3. Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in
an election.
4. The casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as,
the close of the poll.
All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to
return till one day after the poll is ended. Blackstone.
5. pl. The place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to
the polls.
6. The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax.
7. (Zo\'94l.) The European chub. See Pollard, 3 (a).
Poll book, a register of persons entitled to vote at an election. --
Poll evil (Far.), an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a horse's
head, confined beneath the great ligament of the neck. -- Poll pick
(Mining), a pole having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of
crowbar. -- Poll tax, a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation
tax.
Poll
Poll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polling.]
1. To remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of;
to clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree.
When he [Absalom] pollled his head. 2 Sam. xiv. 26.
His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they
clipped off their horse and mule's hairs. Sir T. North.
2. To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop;
-- sometimes with off; as, to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll
grass.
Who, as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed That
all the counsels of their war he would poll off like it. Chapman.
3. To extort from; to plunder; to strip. [Obs.]
Which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise. Spenser.
4. To impose a tax upon. [Obs.]
5. To pay as one's personal tax.
The man that polled but twelve pence for his head. Dryden.
6. To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll,
esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.
Polling the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those
of his three kingdoms. Milton.
7. To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as
votes or voters; as, he polled a hundred votes more than his opponent.
And poll for points of faith his trusty vote. Tickell.
8. (Law) To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line
without indentation; as, a polled deed. See Dee. Burrill. <-- 9. to
inquire (of a group of persons) to learn their opinion on some
subject. Similar to poll a jury, but often used to determine the
opinions of a group by polling a portion of that group. Thus, opinion
poll. -->
To poll a jury, to call upon each member of the jury to answer
individually as to his concurrence in a verdict which has been
rendered.
Poll
Poll, v. i. To vote at an election. Beaconsfield.
Pollack
Pol"lack (?), n. [Cf. G. & D. pollack, and Gael. pollag a little pool,
a sort of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine gadoid food fish of Europe
(Pollachius virens). Called also greenfish, greenling, lait, leet,
lob, lythe, and whiting pollack. (b) The American pollock; the
coalfish.
Pollage
Poll"age (?), n. A head or poll tax; hence, extortion. [Obs.] Foxe.
Pollan
Pol"lan (?), n. [Cf. Gael. pollag a kind of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A lake
whitefish (Coregonus pollan), native of Ireland. In appearance it
resembles a herring.
Pollard
Pol"lard (?), n. [From Poll the head.]
1. A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground, that
may throw out branches. Pennant.
2. A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit. [Obs.] Camden.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A fish, the chub. (b) A stag that has cast its
antlers. (c) A hornless animal (cow or sheep).
Pollard
Pol"lard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pollarding.]
To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows. Evelyn.
Pollax
Poll"ax` (?), n. A poleax. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Polled
Polled (?), a. Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the
poll. Specifically: (a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut
off. (b) Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "The polled
bachelor." Beau. & Fl. (c) Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag.
(d) Without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep.
Pollen
Pol"len (?), n. [L. pollen fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr.
1. Fine bran or flour. [Obs.] Bailey. <-- p. 109 -->
2. (Bot.) The fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers.
See Flower, and Illust. of Filament.
Pollen grain (Bot.), a particle or call of pollen. -- Pollen mass, a
pollinium. Gray. -- Pollen sac, a compartment of an anther containing
pollen, -- usually there are four in each anther. -- Pollen tube, a
slender tube which issues from the pollen grain on its contact with
the stigma, which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the
fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.
Pollenarious
Pol`len*a"ri*ous (?), a. Consisting of meal or pollen.
Pollened
Pol"lened (?), a. Covered with pollen. Tennyson.
Polleniferous
Pol`len*if"er*ous (?), a. [Pollen + -ferous.] (Bot.) Producing pollen;
polliniferous.
Pollenin
Pol"len*in (?), n. [Cf. F. poll\'82nine.] (Chem.) A substance found in
the pollen of certain plants. [R.]
Pollenize
Pol"len*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pollenizing (?).] To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.
Poller
Poll"er (?), n. [From Poll] One who polls; specifically: (a) One who
polls or lops trees. (b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.]
(c) One who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Bacon. (d) One who registers
voters, or one who enters his name as a voter.
Pollex
Pol"lex (?), n.; pl. Pollices (#). [L., the thumb.] (Anat.) The first,
or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in
the hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which
bears the bastard wing.
Pollicate
Pol"li*cate (?), a. [L. pollex, pollicis, a thumb.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
a curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; -- said
of insects.
Pollicitation
Pol*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. pollicitatio, fr. pollicitari to
promise, v. intens. fr. polliceri to promise: cf. F. pollicitation.]
1. A voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise. Bp.
Burnet.
2. (Roman Law) A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not
been accepted by the person to whom it is made. Bouvier.
Pollinate
Pol"li*nate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pollinose.
Pollinate
Pol"li*nate (?), v. t. (Bot.) To apply pollen to (a stigma). --
Pol`li*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.)
Pollinctor
Pol*linc"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pollingere.] (Rom. Antiq.) One who
prepared corpses for the funeral.<-- undertaker, funeral director -->
Polling
Poll"ing (?), n. [See Poll the head.]
1. The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.
2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.] E. Hall.
3. The act of voting, or of registering a vote.
Polling booth, a temporary structure where the voting at an election
is done; a polling place.
Polliniferous
Pol`li*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, pollen + -ferous: cf. F.
pollinif\'8are.] (Bot.) Producing pollen; polleniferous.
Pollinium
Pol*lin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pollinia (#). [NL. See Pollen.] (Bot.) A
coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.
Pollinose
Pol"li*nose` (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, dust.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the
surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like pollen.
Polliwig, Polliwog
Pol"li*wig (?), Pol"li*wog (?), n. [OE. polwigle. Cf. Poll head, and
Wiggle.] (Zo\'94l.) A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle.
Pollock
Pol"lock (?), n. [See Pollack.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine gadoid fish
(Pollachius carbonarius), native both of the European and American
coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In
England it is called coalfish, lob, podley, podling, pollack, etc.
Pollucite
Pol"lu*cite (?), n. [See Pollux, and 4th Castor.] (Min.) A colorless
transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring with castor or
castorite on the island of Elba. It is a silicate of alumina and
c\'91sia. Called also pollux.
Pollute
Pol*lute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polluted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Polluting.] [L. pollutus, p. p. of polluere to defile, to pollute,
from a prep. appearing only in comp. + luere to wash. See Position,
Lave.]
1. To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to
desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement.
The land was polluted with blood. Ps. cvi. 38
Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth. 2 Esd. xv. 6.
2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.
3. (Jewish Law) To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit
for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.
Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel,
lest ye die. Num. xviii. 32.
They have polluted themselves with blood. Lam. iv. 14.
Syn. -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate;
debauch; dishonor; ravish.
Pollute
Pol*lute", a. [L. pollutus.] Polluted. [R.] Milton.
Polluted
Pol*lut"ed, a. Defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched. --
Pol*lut"ed*ly, adv. -- Pol*lut"ed*ness, n.
Polluter
Pol*lut"er (?), n. One who pollutes. Dryden.
Polluting
Pol*lut"ing, a. Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or
pollution. -- Pol*lut"ing*ly, adv.
Pollution
Pol*lu"tion (?), n. [L. pollutio: cf. F. pollution.]
1. The act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense
of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity.
2. (Med.) The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in
sexual intercourse. Dunglison.
Pollux
Pol"lux (?), n. [L., the twin brother of castor; also, the
constellation.]
1. (Astron.) A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the
constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d Castor.
2. (Min.) Same as Pollucite.
Polly
Pol"ly (?), n. A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.
Pollywog
Pol"ly*wog (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A polliwig.
Polo
Po"lo (?), n. [Of Eastern origin; -- properly, the ball used in the
game.]
1. A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the
players on horseback.
2. A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by
players wearing skates.
Polonaise
Po`lo*naise" (?), a. [F. polonais, polonaise, Polish.] Of or
pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also Polonese.]
Polonaise
Po`lo*naise" (?), n. [Written also Polonese and Polonoise.]
1. The Polish language.
2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer
skirt in one piece.
3. (Mus.) A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning
always on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing
on the beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance
adapted to such music; a polacca.
Polonese
Po`lo*nese" (?), a. & n. See Polonaise.
Polony
Po*lo"ny (?), n. [Prob. corrupt. fr. Bologna.] A kind of sausage made
of meat partly cooked.
Polron
Pol"ron (?), n. See Pauldron.
Polt
Polt (?), n. [Cf. E. pelt, L. pultare to beat, strike.] A blow or
thump. Halliwell. -- a. Distorted. Pot foot, a distorted foot. Sir T.
Herbert.
Polt-foot, Polt-footed
Polt"-foot` (?), Polt"-foot`ed (?), a. Having a distorted foot, or a
clubfoot or clubfeet. B. Jonson.
Poltroon
Pol*troon" (?), n. [F. poltron, from It. poltrone an idle fellow,
sluggard, coward, poltro idle, lazy, also, bed, fr. OHG. polstar,
bolstar, cushion, G. polster, akin to E. bolster. See Bolster.] An
arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch. Shak.
Poltroon
Pol*troon", a. Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.
Poltroonery
Pol*troon"er*y (?), n. [F. poltronnerie; cf. It. poltroneria.]
Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.
Poltroonish
Pol*troon"ish, a. Resembling a poltroon; cowardly.
Polverine
Pol"ve*rine (?), n. [It. polverino, fr. polvere ust, L. pulvis,
-veris. See Powder.] Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash,
brought from the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine
glass.
Polwig
Pol"wig (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A polliwig. Holland.
Poly-
Pol"y- (?). [See Full, a.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poly`s,
many; as, polygon, a figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many
atoms; polychord, polyconic.
Poly
Po"ly (?), n. [L. polium, the name of a plant, perhaps Teucrium
polium, Gr. (Bot.) A whitish woolly plant (Teucrium Polium) of the
order Labiat\'91, found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name,
with sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of
the same genus. [Spelt also poley.] Poly mountain. See Poly-mountain,
in Vocabulary.
Polyacid
Pol`y*ac"id (?), a. [Poly- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing,
or of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having
more than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid
radicals; -- said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin
are polyacid bases.
Polyacoustic
Pol`y*a*cous"tic (?), a. [Poly- + acoustic: cf. F. polyacoustique.]
Multiplying or magnifying sound. -- n. A polyacoustic instrument.
Polyacoustics
Pol`y*a*cous"tics (?), n. The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.
Polyacron
Pol`y*a"cron (?), n.; pl. Polyacra (#), E. Polyacrons (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. poly`s many + 'a`kron summit.] (Geom.) A solid having many summits
or angular points; a polyhedron.
Polyactin Pol`y*ac*tin" (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Actinia.] (Zo\'94l.) An
old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous simple
tentacles.
Polyadelphia
Pol`y*a*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class
of plants having stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by
the filaments.
Polyadelphian, Polyadelphous
Pol`y*a*del"phi*an (?), Pol`y*a*del"phous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to
the class Polyadelphia; having stamens united in three or more
bundles.
Polyandria
Pol`y*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polyandry.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or
any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.
Polyandrian
Pol`y*an"dri*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polyandrous.
Polyandric
Pol`y*an"dric (?), a. [Cf. polyandrique.] Pertaining to, or
characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males. "Polyandric
societies." H. Spencer.
Polyandrous
Pol`y*an"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyandria;
having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the
receptacle.
Polyandry
Pol`y*an"dry (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polyandrie.] The possession by a
woman of more than one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with
monandry.
NOTE: &hand; In law, this falls under the head of polygamy.
Polyanthus
Pol`y*an"thus (?), n.; pl. Polyanthuses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. [Written
also polyanthos.] (Bot.) (a) The oxlip. So called because the peduncle
bears a many-flowered umbel. See Oxlip. (b) A bulbous flowering plant
of the genus Narcissus (N. Tazetta, or N. polyanthus of some authors).
See Illust. of Narcissus.
Polyarchist
Pol"y*ar`chist (?), n. One who advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to
monarchist. Cudworth.
Polyarchy
Pol"y*ar`chy (?), n. [Poly- + -archy: cf. F. polyarchie. Cf.
Polarchy.] A government by many persons, of whatever order or class.
Cudworth.
Polyatomic
Pol`y*a*tom"ic (?), a. [Poly- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having more than
one atom in the molecule; consisting of several atoms. (b) Having a
valence greater than one. [Obs.]
Polyautography
Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Poly- + autography.] The act or practice
of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by
printing from stone, -- a species of lithography.
Polybasic
Pol`y*ba"sic (?), a. [Poly- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing,
or of combining with, several molecules of a monacid base; having
several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; --
said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is polybasic.
Polybasite
Pol`y*ba"site (?), n. [See Polybasic.] (Min.) An iron-black ore of
silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper
and arsenic.
Polybranchia
Pol`y*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of Nudibranchiata including those which have numerous
branchi\'91 on the back.
Polybromide
Pol`y*bro"mide (?), n. [Poly- + bromide.] (Chem.) A bromide containing
more than one atom of bromine in the molecule.
Polycarpellary
Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Composed of several or numerous
carpels; -- said of such fruits as the orange.
Polycarpic, Polycarpous
Pol`y*car"pic (?), Pol`y*car"pous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.) (a)
Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year. (b) Having several
pistils in one flower.
Polych\'91ta
Pol`y*ch\'91"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the two
principal groups of Ch\'91topoda. It includes those that have
prominent parapodia and fascicles of set\'91. See Illust. under
Parapodia.
Polychloride
Pol`y*chlo"ride (?), n. [Poly- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride
containing more than one atom of chlorine in the molecule.
Polych\'d2rany
Pol`y*ch\'d2r"a*ny (?), n. [Gr. A government by many chiefs, princes,
or rules. [Obs.] Cudworth.
Polychord
Pol"y*chord (?), a. [Gr. Having many strings.
Polychord
Pol"y*chord, n. (Mus.) (a) A musical instrument of ten strings. (b) An
apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to
a keyed instrument.
Polychrest
Pol"y*chrest (?), n. [Gr. polychreste.] (Med.) A medicine that serves
for many uses, or that cures many diseases. [Obs.] Polychrest salt
(Old Med. Chem.), potassium sulphate, specifically obtained by fusing
niter with sulphur.
Polychroism
Pol"y*chro*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. Same as Pleochroism.
Polychroite
Pol"y*chro*ite (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polychro\'8bte.] (Chem.) The
coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because of the
change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also
crocin, and safranin.
Polychromate
Pol`y*chro"mate (?), n. [See Polychromic.] (Chem.) A salt of a
polychromic acid.
Polychromate
Pol`y*chro"mate, n. [See Polychromatic.] (Chem.) A compound which
exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a variety of colors, as
certain solutions derived from vegetables, which display colors by
fluorescence.
Polychromatic
Pol`y*chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Poly- + chromatic.] Showing a variety, or a
change, of colors. Polychromatic acid (Old Chem.), a substance
obtained by the action of nitric acid on aloes.
Polychrome
Pol"y*chrome (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Chem.) Esculin; -- so called in
allusion to its fluorescent solutions. [R.]
Polychrome
Pol"y*chrome, a. [Cf. F. polychrome.] Executed in the manner of
polychromy; as, polychrome printing.
Polychromic
Pol`y*chro"mic (?), a. [Poly- + (sense 1) Gr. chromic.]
1. Polychromatic.
2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, any one of several acids
(known only in their salts) which contain more than one atom of
chromium.
Polychromous
Pol`y*chro"mous (?), a. Of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored;
polychromatic.
Polychromy
Pol"y*chro`my (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Anc. Art) The art or practice of
combining different colors, especially brilliant ones, in an artistic
way.
Polychronious
Pol`y*chro"ni*ous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Enduring through a long time;
chronic.
Polyclinic
Pol`y*clin"ic (?), n. [Poly- + clinic.] (Med.) A clinic in which
diseases of many sorts are treated; especially, an institution in
which clinical instruction is given in all kinds of disease.
Polyconic
Pol`y*con"ic (?), a. [Poly- + conic.] Pertaining to, or based upon,
many cones. Polyconic projection (Map Making), a projection of the
earth's surface, or any portion thereof, by which each narrow zone is
projected upon a conical surface that touches the sphere along this
zone, the conical surface being then unrolled. This projection differs
from conic projection in that latter assumes but one cone for the
whole map. Polyconic projection is that in use in the United States
coast and geodetic survey.
Polycotyledon
Pol`y*cot`y*le"don (?), n. [Poly- + cotyledon: cf. F.
polycotyl\'82done.] (Bot.) A plant that has many, or more than two,
cotyledons in the seed. -- Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous (#), a.
Polycotyledonary
Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry (?), a. [Poly- + cotyledonary.] (Anat.) Having
the villi of the placenta collected into definite patches, or
cotyledons.
Polycracy
Po*lyc"ra*cy (?), n. [Poly- + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government by
many rulers; polyarchy.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 10
Polycrotic
Pol`y*crot"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to
polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism; as, a polycrotic pulse; a
polycrotic pulse curve.
Polycrotism
Po*lyc"ro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) That state or condition of the pulse
in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary
crests or elevations; -- contrasted with monocrotism and dicrotism.
Polycystid
Pol`y*cys"tid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the Polycystidea. (b) One
of the Polycystina. -- a. Pertaining to the Polycystidea, or the
Polycystina.
Polycystidea
Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cystidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Gregarin\'91 including those that have two or
more internal divisions of the body.
Polycystina
Pol`y*cys*ti"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Radiolaria including numerous minute marine species. The
skeleton is composed of silica, and is often very elegant in form and
sculpture. Many have been found in the fossil state.
Polycystine
Pol`y*cys"tine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Polycystina. -- n.
One of the Polycystina. <-- 2. a homopolymer of the amino acid
cystine. -->
Polycyttaria
Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Radiolaria. It includes those having one more central capsules. <--
polydactyl. = polydactylous. having more that the normal number of
digits; e.g. a polydactylous cat may have six or more toes on its paw.
-->
Polydactylism
Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polydactylisme.] (Anat.) The
possession of more that the normal number of digits. <-- also
polydactyly. -->
Polydipsia
Pol`y*dip"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Excessive and constant
thirst occasioned by disease.
Polyedron
Pol`y*e"dron (?), n. See Polyhedron.
Polyedrous
Pol`y*e"drous (?), a. See Polyhedral.
Polyeidic
Pol`y*ei"dic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Passing through several
distinct larval forms; -- having several distinct kinds of young.
Polyeidism
Pol`y*ei"dism (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The quality or state of being
polyeidic.
Polyembryonate
Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate (?), a. [Poly- + embryonate.] (Bot.) Consisting
of, or having, several embryos; polyembryonic.
Polyembryonic
Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic (?), a. [Poly- + embryonic.] (Bot.) Polyembryonate.
Polyembryony
Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny (?), n. [See Poly-, and Embryo.] (Bot.) The
production of two or more embryos in one seed, due either to the
existence and fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or to the
origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.
Polyfoil
Pol"y*foil (?), n. [Poly- + foil, n.] (Arch.) Same as Multifoil.
Polygala
Po*lyg"a*la (?), n. [L., milkwort, fr. Gr. A genus of bitter herbs or
shrubs having eight stamens and a two-celled ovary (as the Seneca
snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen, etc.); milkwort.
Polygalaceous
Pol`y*ga*la"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (Polygalace\'91) of which Polygala is the type.
Polygalic
Po*lyg"a*lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called
polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical
with, saponin.
Polygamia
Pol`y*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polygamous.] (Bot.) (a) A
Linn\'91an class of plants, characterized by having both hermaphrodite
and unisexual flowers on the same plant. (b) A name given by
Linn\'91us to file orders of plants having syngenesious flowers.
Polygamian
Pol`y*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polygamous.
Polygamist
Po*lyg"a*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. polygamiste, polygame, Gr. a.] One who
practices polygamy, or maintains its lawfulness.
Polygamize
Po*lyg"a*mize (?), v. i. To practice polygamy; to marry several wives.
Sylvester. Coleridge.
Polygamous
Po*lyg"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. Bigamy.]
1. Of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by, or involving,
polygamy; having a plurality of wives; as, polygamous marriages; --
opposed to monogamous.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pairing with more than one female.
Most deer, cattle, and sheep are polygamous. Darwin.
3. (Bot.) Belonging to the Polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and
unisexual flowers on the same plant.
Polygamy
Po*lyg"a*my (?), n. [Gr. polygamie.]
1. The having of a plurality of wives or husbands at the same time;
usually, the marriage of a man to more than one woman, or the practice
of having several wives, at the same time; -- opposed to monogamy; as,
the nations of the East practiced polygamy. See the Note under Bigamy,
and cf. Polyandry.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The state or habit of having more than one mate.
3. (Bot.) The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect
and unisexual flowers.
Polygastrian
Pol`y*gas"tri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polygastrica. [Obs.]
Polygastric
Pol`y*gas"tric (?), a. [Poly- + gastric: cf. F. polygastrique.]
1. (Anat.) Having several bellies; -- applied to muscles which are
made up of several bellies separated by short tendons.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Polygastrica. [Obs.]
Polygastric
Pol`y*gas"tric (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polygastrica.
Polygastrica
Pol`y*gas"tri*ca (?), n. pl. [NL. So called because they were supposed
to have several stomachs, or digestive cavities.] (Zo\'94l.) The
Infusoria. [Obs.]
Polygenesis, Polygeny
Pol`y*gen"e*sis (?), Po*lyg"e*ny (?), n. [Poly- + genesis, or root of
Gr. (Biol.) The theory that living organisms originate in cells or
embryos of different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; --
opposed to monogenesis.
Polygenettic
Pol`y*ge*net"tic (?), a.
1. Having many distinct sources; originating at various places or
times.
2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic. Polygenetic
mountain range (Geol.), one which is composite, or consists of two or
more monogenetic ranges, each having had its own history of
development. Dana.
Polygenic
Pol`y*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to polygeny; polygenetic.
Polygenism
Po*lyg"e*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. polyg\'82nisme.] (Biol.) The doctrine
that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one
original pair.
Polygenist
Po*lyg"e*nist (?), n. (Biol.) One who maintains that animals of the
same species have sprung from more than one original pair; -- opposed
to monogenist.
Polygenous
Po*lyg"e*nous (?), a. [Poly- + -genous: cf. Gr. Consisting of, or
containing, many kinds; as, a polygenous mountain. Kirwan.
Polyglot
Pol"y*glot (?), a. [Gr. polyglotte.]
1. Containing, or made up, of, several languages; as, a polyglot
lexicon, Bible.
2. Versed in, or speaking, many languages.
Polyglot
Pol"y*glot, n.
1. One who speaks several languages. [R.] "A polyglot, or good
linguist." Howell.
2. A book containing several versions of the same text, or containing
the same subject matter in several languages; esp., the Scriptures in
several languages.
Enriched by the publication of polyglots. Abp. Newcome.
Polyglottous
Pol`y*glot"tous (?), a. [See Polyglot.] Speaking many languages;
polyglot. [R.] "The polyglottous tribes of America." Max M\'81ller.
Polygon
Pol"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. polygone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having many
angles, and consequently many sides; esp., one whose perimeter
consists of more than four sides; any figure having many angles.
Polygon of forces (Mech.), a polygonal figure, the sides of which,
taken successively, represent, in length and direction, several forces
acting simultaneously upon one point, so that the side necessary to
complete the figure represents the resultant of those forces. Cf.
Parallelogram of forces, under Parallelogram.
Polygonaceous
Pol`y*go*na"ceous (?), a. [See Polygonum.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
a natural order of apetalous plants (Polygonace\'91), of which the
knotweeds (species of Polygonum) are the type, and which includes also
the docks (Rumex), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape (Coccoloba), and
several other genera.
Polygonal
Po*lyg"o*nal (?), a. Having many angles. Polygonal numbers, certain
figurate numbers. See under Figurate.
Polygoneutic
Pol`y*go*neu"tic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having two or more
broods in a season.
Polygonometry
Pol`y*go*nom"e*try (?), n. [Polygon + -metry.] The doctrine of
polygons; an extension of some of the principles of trigonometry to
the case of polygons.
Polygonous
Po*lyg"o*nous (?), a. Polygonal.
Polygonum
Po*lyg"o*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants embracing
a large number of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed,
etc.
Polygony
Po*lyg"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polygonum.
Polygordius
Pol`y*gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Gordius.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or ancestral type.
It is remarkable for its simplicity of structure and want of
parapodia. It is the type of the order Archiannelida, or Gymnotoma.
See Loeven's larva.
Polygram
Pol"y*gram (?), n. [Gr. A figure consisting of many lines. [R.]
Barlow.
Polygraph
Pol"y*graph (?), n. [Gr. polygraphe.]
1. An instrument for multiplying copies of a writing; a manifold
writer; a copying machine.
2. In bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or
several authors. Brande & C.
Polygraphic, Polygraphical
Pol`y*graph"ic (?), Pol`y*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. polygraphique.]
Pertaining to, or employed in, polygraphy; as, a polygraphic
instrument.
2. Done with a polygraph; as, a polygraphic copy.
Polygraphy
Po*lyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. polygraphie.]
1. Much writing; writing of many books. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same.
[R.]
3. The art or practice of using a polygraph.
Polygrooved
Pol"y*grooved` (?), a. [Poly- + groove.] Having many grooves; as, a
polygrooved rifle or gun (referring to the rifling).
Polygyn
Pol"y*gyn (?), n. [Cf. F. polygyne. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A plant of
the order Polygynia.
Polygynia
Pol`y*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
order of plants having many styles.
Polygynian, Polygynous
Pol`y*gyn"i*an (?), Po*lyg"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Having many styles;
belonging to the order Polygynia.
Polygynist
Po*lyg"y*nist (?), n. One who practices or advocates polygyny. H.
Spenser.
Polygyny
Po*lyg"y*ny (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. The state or practice of having
several wives at the same time; marriage to several wives. H. Spenser.
Polyhalite
Pol`y*ha"lite (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Min.) A mineral usually occurring
in fibrous masses, of a brick-red color, being tinged with iron, and
consisting chiefly of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda.
Polyhedral, Polyhedrical
Pol`y*he"dral (?), Pol`y*hed"ric*al (?), a. [See Polyhedron.] (Geom.)
Having many sides, as a solid body. Polyhedral angle, an angle bounded
by three or more plane angles having a common vertex.
Polyhedron
Pol`y*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Polyhedrons. (#), L. Polyhedra (#).
[NL., fr. Gr. poly\'8adre.]
1. (Geom.) A body or solid contained by many sides or planes.
2. (Opt.) A polyscope, or multiplying glass.
Polyhedrous
Pol`y*he"drous (?), a. Polyhedral.
Polyhistor
Pol`y*his"tor (?), n. [Gr. One versed in various learning. [R.]
Polyhymnia
Pol`y*hym"ni*a (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Anc. Myth.) The Muse of lyric
poetry.
Polyiodide
Pol`y*i"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A iodide having more than one atom of
iodine in the molecule.
Polylogy
Po*lyl"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Talkativeness. [R.]
Polyloquent
Po*lyl"o*quent (?), a. [Poly- + L. loquens, p. pr. of logui to speak.]
Garrulous; loquacious. [R.]
Polymastism
Pol`y*mas"tism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Anat.) The condition of having
more than two mamm\'91, or breasts. <-- polymath = polymathist -->
Polymathic
Pol`y*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. polymathique. See Polymathy.] Pertaining
to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of learning.
Polymathist
Po*lym"a*thist (?), n. One versed in many sciences; a person of
various learning.
Polymathy
Po*lym"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. The knowledge of many arts and sciences;
variety of learning. Johnson.
Polymeniscous
Pol`y*me*nis"cous (?), a. [See Poly-, and Meniscus.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
numerous facets; -- said of the compound eyes of insects and
crustaceans.
Polymer
Pol"y*mer (?), n. [See Polymeric.] (Chem.) Any one of two or more
substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a
substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.
[Formerly also written polymere.]
Polymeric
Pol`y*mer"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Chem.) Having the same percentage
composition (that is, having the same elements united in the same
proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often used
with with; thus, cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and
cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other.
NOTE: &hand; Th e fi gures ex pressing th e number of atoms of each
element in a number of polymeric substances are respectively
multiples and factors of each other, or have some simple common
divisor. The relation may be merely a numerical one, as in the
example given above, or a chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde,
paraldehyde, and metaldehyde.
<-- 2. consisting of multiple units linked together by covalent bonds
to form a larger molecule -->
Polymerism
Po*lym"er*ism (?), n. (Chem.) (a) The state, quality, or relation of
two or more polymeric substances. (b) The act or process of forming
polymers.
Polymerization
Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of changing to
a polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change.
Polymerize
Pol"y*mer*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To cause polymerization of; to
produce polymers from; to increase the molecular weight of, without
changing the atomic proportions; thus, certain acids polymerize
aldehyde.
Polymerize
Pol"y*mer*ize, v. i. (Chem.) To change into another substance having
the same atomic proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo
polymerization; thus, aldehyde polymerizes in forming paraldehyde.
Polymerous
Po*lym"er*ous (?), a.
1. (Bot.) Having many parts or members in each set. Gray.
2. (Chem.) Polymeric. [Obs.]
Polymnia
Po*lym"ni*a (?), n. See Polyhymnia.
Polymnite
Pol"ym*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A stone marked with dendrites and
black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.
Polymorph
Pol"y*morph (?), n. [Gr. polymorphe.] (Crystallog.) A substance
capable of crystallizing in several distinct forms; also, any one of
these forms. Cf. Allomorph.
Polymorphic
Pol`y*mor"phic (?), a. Polymorphous.
Polymorphism
Pol`y*mor"phism (?), n.
1. (Crystallog.) Same as Pleomorphism.
2. (Biol.) (a) The capability of assuming different forms; the
capability of widely varying in form. (b) Existence in many forms; the
coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms
independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but
produced from common parents.
Polymorphosis
Pol`y*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Morphosis.] (Zo\'94l.)
The assumption of several structural forms without a corresponding
difference in function; -- said of sponges, etc.
Polymorphous
Pol`y*mor"phous (?), a.
1. Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles; as,
a polymorphous author. De Quincey.
2. (Biol.) Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed
to monomorphic.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1111
Polymorphy
Pol"y*mor`phy (?), n. Existence in many forms; polymorphism.
Poly-mountain
Po`ly-moun"tain (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Poly, n. (b) The closely
related Teucrium montanum, formerly called Polium montanum, a plant of
Southern Europe. (c) The Bartsia alpina, a low purple-flowered herb of
Europe.
Polymyod\'91
Pol`y*my"o*d\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polymyoid.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Oscines.
Polymyodous
Pol`y*my"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Polymyoid.
Polymyoid
Po*lym"y*oid (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Having numerous
vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the Polymyod\'91.
Polyneme
Pol"y*neme (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species
of tropical food fishes of the family Polynemid\'91. They have several
slender filaments, often very long, below the pectoral fin. Some of
them yield isinglass of good quality. Called also threadfish.
Polynemoid
Pol`y*ne"moid (?), a. [Polyneme + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining
to the polynemes, or the family Polynemid\'91.
Polynesian
Pol`y*ne"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of
the eastern and central Pacific), or to the Polynesians.
Polynesians
Pol`y*ne"sians (?), n. pl.; sing. Polynesian. (Ethnol.) The race of
men native in Polynesia.
Polynia
Po*lyn"i*a (?), n. [Russ. poluineia a warm place in water, i. e., a
place which does not freeze.] The open sea supposed to surround the
north pole. Kane.
Polynomial
Pol`y*no"mi*al (?), n. [Poly- + -nomial, as in monomial, binomial: cf.
F. polyn\'93me.] (Alg.) An expression composed of two or more terms,
connected by the signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2.
Polynomial
Pol`y*no"mi*al, a.
1. Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, the polynomial
theorem.
2. Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or
more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature.
Polynuclear
Pol`y*nu"cle*ar (?), a. [Poly- + nuclear.] (Biol.) Containing many
nuclei.
Polynucleolar
Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar (?), a. [Poly- + nucleolar.] (Biol.) Having more
than one nucleolus.
Polyommatous
Pol`y*om"ma*tous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Having many eyes.
Polyonomous
Pol`y*on"o*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Having many names or titles;
polyonymous. Sir W. Jones.
Polyonomy
Pol`y*on"o*my (?), n. [Cf. Gr. The use of a variety of names for the
same object. G. S. Faber.
Polyonym
Pol"y*o*nym (?), n.
1. An object which has a variety of names.
2. A polynomial name or term.
Polyonymous
Pol`y*on"y*mous, a. Polyonomous.
Polyoptron, Polyoptrum
Pol`y*op"tron (?), Pol`y*op"trum (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Opt.) A glass
through which objects appear multiplied, but diminished in size. [R.]
Polyorama
Pol`y*o*ra"ma (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. A view of many objects; also, a
sort of panorama with dissolving views.
Polyp
Pol"yp (?), n. [L. polypus, Gr. polype. See Poly- and Foot, and cf.
Polypode, Polypody, Poulp.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the feeding or
nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral. (b) One of the Anthozoa. (c)
pl. Same as Anthozoa. See Anthozoa, Madreporaria, Hydroid. [Written
also polype.] Fresh-water polyp, the hydra. -- Polyp stem (Zo\'94l.),
that portion of the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites,
or feeding zooids.
Polyparous
Po*lyp"a*rous (?), a. [Poly- + L. parere to produce.] Producing or
bearing a great number; bringing forth many.
Polypary
Pol"y*pa*ry (?), n.; pl. Polyparies (#). [See Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Polypidom.
Polype
Pol"ype (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Polyp.
Polypean
Pol`y*pe"an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a polyp, or polyps.
Polyperythrin
Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin (?), n. [Polyp + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A coloring
matter found in many simple Anthozoa and some hydroids.
Polypetalous
Pol`y*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Poly- + petal.] (Bot.) Consisting of, or
having, several or many separate petals; as, a polypetalous corolla,
flower, or plant. Martyn.
Polyphagous
Po*lyph"a*gous (?), a. [L. polyphagus, Gr. polyphage.] Eating, or
subsisting on, many kinds of food; as, polyphagous animals.
Polyphagy
Po*lyph""a*gy (?), n. The practice or faculty of subsisting on many
kinds of food.
Polypharmacy
Pol`y*phar"ma*cy (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polypharmacie.] (Med.) (a) The
act or practice of prescribing too many medicines. (b) A prescription
made up of many medicines or ingredients. Dunglison.
Polyphemus
Pol`y*phe"mus (?), n. [L. Polyphemus the one-eyed Cyclops who was
blinded by Ulysses.] (Zo\'94l.) A very large American moth (Telea
polyphemus) belonging to the Silkworm family (Bombycid\'91). Its
larva, which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and
with oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut,
willow, cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of
strong silk. Called also American silkworm.
Polyphone
Pol"y*phone (?), n. A character or vocal sign representing more than
one sound, as read, which is pronounced r\'c7d or r\'cbd.
Polyphonic
Pol`y*phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. polyphone.]
1. Having a multiplicity of sounds.
2. Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian polyphonic characters.
3. (Mus.) Consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts,
progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint;
contrapuntal; as, a polyphonic composition; -- opposed to homophonic,
or monodic.
Polyphonism
Po*lyph"o*nism (?), n. Polyphony.
Polyphonist
Po*lyph"o*nist (?), n.
1. A proficient in the art of multiplying sounds; a ventriloquist.
2. (Mus.) A master of polyphony; a contrapuntist.
Polyphonous
Po*lyph"o*nous (?), a. Same as Polyphonic.
Polyphony
Po*lyph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr.
1. Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo.
2. Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal
sign.
3. (Mus.) Composition in mutually related, equally important parts
which share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; --
opposed to homophony, in which the melody is given to one part only,
the others filling out the harmony. See Counterpoint.
Polyphore
Pol"y*phore (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.) A receptacle which bears many
ovaries.
Polyphyletic
Pol`y*phy*let"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or
characterized by, descent from more than one root form, or from many
different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed to monophyletic.
Polyphyllous
Po*lyph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Many-leaved; as, a polyphyllous
calyx or perianth.
Polypi
Pol"y*pi (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.
Polypide
Pol"y*pide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the ordinary zooids of the
Bryozoa. [Spellt also polypid.]
Polypidom
Po*lyp"i*dom (?), n. [Polypus + L. domus house.] (Zo\'94l.) A coral,
or corallum; also, one of the coral-like structure made by bryozoans
and hydroids.
Polypier
Po`ly`pier" (?), n. [F.] A polypidom.
Polypifera
Pol`y*pif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.
Polypiferous
Pol*y*pif"er*ous (?), a. [Polypus + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing
polyps, or polypites.
Polypiparous
Pol`y*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Polypus + L. parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.)
Producing polyps.
Polypite
Pol"y*pite (?), n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the feeding zooids, or polyps, of a coral,
hydroid, or siphonophore; a hydranth. See Illust. of Campanularian.
(b) Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa.
2. (Paleon.) A fossil coral.
Polyplacophora
Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Placophora.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Placophora.
Polyplastic
Pol`y*plas"tic (?), a. [Poly- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Assuming, or having
the power of assuming, many forms; as, a polyplastic element which
does not preserve its original shape.
Polypode
Pol`y*pode (?), n. [Cf. F. polypode. See Polypody.] (Bot.) A plant of
the genus Polypodium; polypody. [Written also polypod.]
Polypode
Pol"y*pode, n. [Gr. polypode. See Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal having
many feet; a myriapod.
Polypodium
Pol"y*po`di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Polyp, and cf. 2d Polypode.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants of the order Filices or ferns. The
fructifications are in uncovered roundish points, called sori,
scattered over the inferior surface of the frond or leaf. There are
numerous species.
Polypody
Pol"y*po`dy (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polypodium.
Polypoid
Pol"y*poid (?), a. [Polyp + -oid.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Like a polyp; having the nature of a polyp, but lacking
the tentacles or other parts.
2. (Med.) Resembling a polypus in appearance; having a character like
that of a polypus.
Polypomedus\'91
Pol`y*po*me*du"s\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polyp, and Medusa.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Hydrozoa.
Polyporous
Po*lyp"o*rous (?; 277), a. [Poly- + porous.] Having many pores.
Wright.
Polyporus
Po*lyp"o*rus (?), n.; pl. Polypori (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus
of fungi having the under surface full of minute pores; also, any
fungus of this genus.
NOTE: &hand; Po lyporus fo mentarius wa s formerly dried and cut in
slices for tinder, called amadou. P. betulinus is common in
America, and forms very large thick white semicircular excrescences
on birch trees. Several species of Polyporous are considered
edible.
Polypous
Pol"y*pous (?), a. [Cf. F. polypeux. See Polyp.] Of the nature of a
polypus; having many feet or roots, like the polypus; affected with
polypus.
Polypragmatic, Polypragmatical
Pol`y*prag*mat"ic (?), Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Poly- +
pragmatic, -ical.] Overbusy; officious. [R.] Heywood.
Polypragmaty
Pol`y*prag"ma*ty (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. The state of being overbusy.
[R.]
Polyprotodonta
Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
marsupials in which there are more fore incisor teeth in each jaw.
Polypteroidei
Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polypterus, and -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of existing ganoid fishes having numerous fins
along the back. The bichir, or Polypterus, is the type. See Illust.
under Crossopterygian.
Polypterus
Po*lyp`te*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An African genus of
ganoid fishes including the bichir.
Polyptoton
Pol`yp*to"ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which a word is
repeated in different forms, cases, numbers, genders, etc., as in
Tennyson's line, -- "My own heart's heart, and ownest own, farewell."
Polypus
Pol"y*pus (?), n.; pl. E. Polypuses (#), L. Polypi (#). [L. See
Polyp.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Polyp.<-- polyp is the normal term now -->
2. (Med.) A tumor, usually with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a
pear, -- found in the nose, uterus, etc., and produced by hypertrophy
of some portion of the mucous membrane.
Polyrhizous
Pol`y*rhi"zous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having numerous roots, or rootlets.
Polyschematist
Pol`y*sche"ma*tist (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Having, or existing in, many
different forms or fashions; multiform.
Polyscope
Pol"y*scope (?), n. [Gr. polyscope.]
1. (Opt.) A glass which makes a single object appear as many; a
multiplying glass. Hutton.
2. (Med.) An apparatus for affording a view of the different cavities
of the body.
Polysepalous
Pol`y*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Poly- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having the sepals
separate from each other.
Polysilicic
Pol`y*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Poly- + silicic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
compounds formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of
silicic acid. Polysilicic acid (Chem.), any one of a series of acids
formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid,
with elimination of water.
Polyspast
Pol"y*spast (?), n. [L. polyspaston, fr. Gr. polyspaste.] (Surg.) A
machine consisting of many pulleys; specifically, an apparatus
formerly used for reducing luxations.
Polyspermous
Pol`y*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Containing many seeds; as, a
polyspermous capsule or berry. Martyn.
Polyspermy
Pol"y*sper`my (?), n. (Biol.) Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage
of more than one spermatozo\'94n into the vitellus in the impregnation
of the ovum.
Polysporous
Pol`y*spor"ous (?), a. [Poly- + spore.] (Bot.) Containing many spores.
Polystomata
Pol`y*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
trematode worms having more two suckers. Called also Polystomea and
Polystoma.
Polystome
Pol"y*stome (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having many mouths.
Polystome
Pol"y*stome, n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal having many mouths; -- applied to
Protozoa.
Polystyle
Pol"y*style (?), a. [Gr. polystyle.] (Arch.) Having many columns; --
said of a building, especially of an interior part or court; as, a
polystyle hall. -- n. A polystyle hall or edifice.
Polysulphide
Pol`y*sul"phide (?), n. [Poly- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide having
more than one atom of sulphur in the molecule; -- contrasted with
monosulphide.
Polysulphuret
Pol`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A polysulphide. [Obsoles.]
Polysyllabic, Polysyllabical
Pol`y*syl*lab"ic (?), Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Gr.
polysyllabique.] Pertaining to a polysyllable; containing, or
characterized by, polysyllables; consisting of more than three
syllables.
Polysyllabicism
Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism (?), n. Polysyllabism.
Polysyllabicity
Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty (?), n. Polysyllabism.
Polysyllabism
Pol`y*syl"la*bism (?), n. The quality or state of being polysyllabic.
Polysyllable
Pol"y*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Poly- + syllable.] A word of many syllables,
or consisting of more syllables than three; -- words of less than four
syllables being called monosyllables, dissyllables, and trisyllables.
Polysyndetic
Pol`y*syn*det"ic (?), a. Characterized by polysyndeton, or the
multiplication of conjunctions. -- Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
Polysyndeton
Pol`y*syn"de*ton (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which the
conjunction is often repeated, as in the sentence, "We have ships and
men and money and stores." Opposed to asyndeton.
Polysynthesis
Pol`y*syn"the*sis (?), n. [Poly- + synthesis.]
1. The act or process of combining many separate elements into a
whole.
2. (Philol.) The formation of a word by the combination of several
simple words, as in the aboriginal languages of America;
agglutination. Latham.
Polysynthetic
Pol`y*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Poly- + synthetic.] Characterized by
polysynthesis; agglutinative. Polysynthetic twinning (Min.), repeated
twinning, like that of the triclinic feldspar, producing fine parallel
bands in alternately reversed positions.
Polsyntheticism
Pol`*syn*thet"i*cism (?), n. Polysynthesis.
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Polytechnic
Pol`y*tech"nic (?), a. [Gr. polytechnique.] Comprehending, or relating
to, many arts and sciences; -- applied particularly to schools in
which many branches of art and science are taught with especial
reference to their practical application; also to exhibitions of
machinery and industrial products.
Polytechnical
Pol`y*tech"nic*al (?), a. Polytechnic.
Polytechnics
Pol`y*tech"nics (?), n. The science of the mechanic arts.
Polythalamia
Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polythalamous.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Foraminifera including those having a manychambered shell.
Polythalamous
Pol`y*thal"a*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Many-chambered; --
applied to shells of Foraminifera and cephalopods. See Illust. of
Nautilus.
Polytheism
Pol"y*the*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. polyth\'82isme.] The doctrine of,
or belief in, a plurality of gods.
In the Old Testament, the gradual development of polytheism from
the primitive monotheism may be learned. Shaff-Herzog.
Polytheist
Pol"y*the*ist, n. [Cf. F. polyth\'82iste.] One who believes in, or
maintains the doctrine of, a plurality of gods.
Polytheistic, Polytheistical
Pol`y*the*is"tic (?), Pol`y*the*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
polytheism; characterized by polytheism; professing or advocating
polytheism; as, polytheistic worship; a polytheistic author, or
nation. -- Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.
Polytheize
Pol"y*the*ize (?), v. i. To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the
doctrine of polytheism. Milman.
Polythelism
Pol`y*the"lism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. qhlh` a nipple.] (Anat.) The
condition of having more than two teats, or nipples.
Polytocous
Po*lyt"o*cous (?), a. [Gr.
1. (Bot.) Bearing fruit repeatedly, as most perennial plants;
polycarpic.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Producing many or young.
Polytomous
Po*lyt"o*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.) Subdivided into many
distinct subordinate parts, which, however, not being jointed to the
petiole, are not true leaflets; -- said of leaves. Henslow.
Polytomy
Po*lyt"o*my (?), n. (Logic) A division into many members. F. Bowen.
Polytungstate
Pol`y*tung"state (?), n. A salt of polytungstic acid.
Polytungstic
Pol`y*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Containing several tungsten atoms or
radicals; as, polytungstic acid. Polytungstic acid (Chem.), any one of
several complex acids of tungsten containing more than one atom of
tungsten.
Polytype
Pol"y*type (?), n. [Poly- + -type.] (Print.) A cast, or facsimile
copy, of an engraved block, matter in type, etc. (see citation); as, a
polytype in relief.
By pressing the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio matrix
is produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a polytype in
relief is obtained. Hansard.
Polytype
Pol"y*type, a. (Print.) Of or pertaining to polytypes; obtained by
polytyping; as, a polytype plate.
Polytype
Pol"y*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polytyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Polytyping (?).] (Print.) To produce a polytype of; as, to polytype an
engraving.
Poluria
Pol`*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Urine.] (Med.) A persistently
excessive flow of watery urine, with low specific gravity and without
the presence of either albumin or sugar. It is generally accompanied
with more or less thirst.
Polyvalent
Po*lyv"a*lent (?), a. [Poly- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valent.] (Chem.)
Multivalent.
Polyve
Pol"yve (?), n. [See Polive.] A pulley. [Obs.]
Polyzoa
Pol`y*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Bryozoa. See
Illust. under Bryozoa, and Phylactol\'91mata.
Polyzoan
Pol`y*zo"an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species of Polyzoa; one of the
Polyzoa. (b) A polyzo\'94n.
Polyzoarium
Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Polyzoaria (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Polyzoary.
Polyzoary
Pol`y*zo"a*ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The compound organism of a polyzoan.
Polyzonal
Pol`y*zon"al (?), a. [Poly- + zonal.] Consisting of many zones or
rings. Polyzonal lens (Opt.), a lens made up of pieces arranged zones
or rings, -- used in the lanterns of lighthouses.
Polyzo\'94n
Pol`y*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Polyzoa (#). [NL. See Polyzoan.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the individual zooids forming the compound organism
of a polyzoan.
Pomace
Pom"ace (?; 277), n. [L. ponum a fruit, LL., an apple: cf. LL.
pomagium, pomacium.] The substance of apples, or of similar fruit,
crushed by grinding.
Pomacentroid
Po`ma*cen"troid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Pomacentrid\'91, a family of bright-colored tropical fishes having
spiny opercula; -- often called coral fishes.
Pomaceous
Po*ma"ceous (?), a. [LL. ponum an apple.]
1. (Bot.) (a) Like an apple or pear; producing pomes. (b) Of or
pertaining to a suborder (Pome\'91) of rosaceous plants, which
includes the true thorn trees, the quinces, service berries, medlars,
and loquats, as well as the apples, pears, crabs, etc.
2. Like pomace.
Pomade
Po*made" (?; 277), n. [F. pommade pomatum, OF. pomade cider (cf. Sp.
pomada, It. pomata, LL. pomata a drink made of apples), from L. pomum
fruit, LL., an apple. Cf. Pomatum.]
1. Cider. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
2. Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for the hair; pomatum;
-- originally made from apples.
Pomander
Po*man"der (?), n. [Sp. poma.] (a) A perfume to be carried with one,
often in the form of a ball. (b) A box to contain such perfume,
formerly carried by ladies, as at the end of a chain; -- more properly
pomander box. [Obs.] Bacon.
Pomarine
Po"ma*rine (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the nostril covered with a
scale. Pomarine jager (Zo\'94l.), a North Atlantic jager (Stercorarius
pomarinus) having the elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult
is black.
Pomatum
Po*ma"tum (?), n. [See Pomade.] A perfumed unguent or composition,
chiefly used in dressing the hair; pomade. Wiseman.
Pomatum
Po*ma"tum, v. t. To dress with pomatum.
Pome
Pome (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit: cf. F. pomme apple. Cf. Pomade.]
1. (Bot.) A fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels
inclosed in an adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and
partly calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A ball of silver or other metal, which is filled with
hot water, and used by the priest in cold weather to warm his hands
during the service.
Pome
Pome, v. i. [Cf. F. pommer. See Pome, n.] To grow to a head, or form a
head in growing. [Obs.]
Pomegranate
Pome"gran`ate (?; 277), n. [OE. pomgarnet, OF. pome de grenate, F.
grenade, L. pomum a fruit + granatus grained, having many grains or
seeds. See Pome, and Garnet, Grain.]
1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself
(see Balaustine), which is native in the Orient, but is successfully
cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house plant in colder
climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and has a hard rind
containing many rather large seeds, each one separately covered with
crimson, acid pulp.
2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate. Ex.
xxviii. 33.
Pomel
Pom"el (?), n. A pommel. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pomelo
Pom"e*lo (?), n. [Cf. Pompelmous.] A variety of shaddock, called also
grape fruit.
Pomely
Pome"ly (?), a. [OF. pomel\'82, F. pommel\'82. See Pome.] Dappled.
[Obs.] "Pomely gray." Chaucer.
Pomeranian
Pom`e*ra"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of
Prussia on the Baltic Sea. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania.
Pomeranian dog (Zo\'94l.), the loup-loup, or Spitz dog.<-- also just
Pomeranian-->
Pomewater
Pome"wa`ter (?), n. A kind of sweet, juicy apple. [Written also
pomwater.] Shak.
Pomey
Pom"ey (?), n.; pl. Pomeys (#). [F. pomm\'82 grown round, or like an
apple, p. p. of pommer to pome.] (Her.) A figure supposed to resemble
an apple; a roundel, -- always of a green color.
Pomfret
Pom"fret (?), n. [Perhaps corrupt. fr. Pg. pampano a kind of fish.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the
genus Stromateus (S. niger, S. argenteus) native of Southern Europe
and Asia. (b) A marine food fish of Bermuda (Brama Raji).
Pomiferous
Po*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pomifer; pomum fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F.
pomif\'8are.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing pomes, or applelike fruits. (b)
Bearing fruits, or excrescences, more or less resembling an apple.
Pommage
Pom"mage (?; 48), n. See Pomage.
Pomm\'82
Pom`m\'82" (?), a. [F. See Pomey.] (Her.) Having the ends terminating
in rounded protuberances or single balls; -- said of a cross.
Pomme blanche
Pomme` blanche" (?). [F., literally, white apple.] The prairie turnip.
See under Prairie.
Pommel
Pom"mel (?), n. [OE. pomel, OF. pomel, F. pommeau, LL. pomellus, fr.
L. pomum fruit, LL. also, an apple. See Pome.] A knob or ball; an
object resembling a ball in form; as: (a) The knob on the hilt of a
sword. Macaulay. (b) The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow. (c)
The top (of the head). Chaucer. (d) A knob forming the finial of a
turret or pavilion.
Pommel
Pom"mel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pommeled (?) or Pommelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Pommeling or Pommelling.] To beat soundly, as with the pommel of a
sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists.
[Written also pummel.]
Pommelion
Pom*mel"ion (?), n. [See Pommel: cf. LL. pomilio pygmy.] (Mil.) The
cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a cannon. [R.]
Pommett\'82
Pom`met`t\'82" (?), a. [F.] Having two balls or protuberances at each
end; -- said of a cross.
Pomological
Po`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pomologique.] Of or pertaining to
pomology.
Pomologist
Po*mol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pomology; one who culticvates
fruit trees.
Pomology
Po*mol"o*gy (?), n. [L. pomum fruit + -logy: cf. F. pomologie.] The
science of fruits; a treatise on fruits; the cultivation of fruits and
fruit trees.
Pomona
Po*mo"na (?), n. [L., from pomum fruit.] (Class. Myth.) The goddess of
fruits and fruit trees.
Pomp
Pomp (?), n. [OE. pompe, F. pompe, L. pompa, fr. Gr. Pump a shoe.]
1. A procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant.
"All the pomps of a Roman triumph." Addison.
2. Show of magnificence; parade; display; power. Syn. -- Display;
parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor; state; magnificence;
ostentation; grandeur; pride.
Pomp
Pomp (?), v. i. To make a pompons display; to conduct. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.
Pompadour
Pom"pa*dour (?), n. A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress
cut low and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by
drawing it straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called
after the Marchioness de Pompadour of France. Also much used
adjectively.
Pompano
Pom"pa*no (?), n. [Sp. p\'a0mpano.] [Written also pampano.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus
Trachynotus, of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of
the United States; -- called also palometa.
NOTE: &hand; Th ey ha ve a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and
are highly esteemed as food fishes. The round pompano (T.
thomboides) and the Carolina pompano (T. Carolinus) are the most
common. Other species occur on the Pacific coast.
2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus simillimus), highly valued as
a food fish.
Pompano shell (Zo\'94l.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Donax; --
so called because eaten by the pompano. [Florida]
Pompatic
Pom*pat"ic (?), a. [L. pompaticus.] Pompous. [Obs.] Barrow.
Pompelmous
Pom"pel*mous (?), n.; pl. Pompelmouses (#). [D. pompelmoes; cf. G.
pompelmuse, F. pamplemousse, and F. pompol\'82on.] (Bot.) A shaddock,
esp. one of large size.
Pompet
Pom"pet (?), n. [OF. pompette.] (Print.) The ball formerly used to ink
the type.
Pompholyx
Pom"pho*lyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Old Chem.) Impure zinc oxide.
2. (Med.) A skin disease in which there is an eruption of bull\'91,
without inflammation or fever.
Pompillion
Pom*pil"lion (?), n. An ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds.
[Obs.] Cotgrave.
Pompion
Pom"pi*on (?), n. [OF. pompon. See Pumpkin.] See Pumpion.
Pompire
Pom"pire (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit, LL. also, an apple + pirum a
pear.] A pearmain. [Obs.]
Pompoleon
Pom*po"le*on (?), n. (Bot.) See Pompelmous.
Pompon
Pom"pon (?), n. [F.]
1. Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or bonnet.
2. (Mil.) A tuft or ball of wool, or the like, sometimes worn by
soldiers on the front of the hat, instead of a feather.
Pomposity
Pom*pos"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Pomposities (. The quality or state of being
pompous; pompousness. Thackeray.
Pomposo
Pom*po"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Grand and dignified; in grand
style.
Pompous
Pomp"ous (?), a. [F. pompeux, L. pomposus. See Pomp.]
1. Displaying pomp; stately; showy with grandeur; magnificent; as, a
pompous procession.
2. Ostentatious; pretentious; boastful; vainlorious; as, pompous
manners; a pompous style. "Pompous in high presumption." Chaucer.
he pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress. Thackeray.
-- Pom"ous*ly, adv. -- Pomp"ous*ness, n.
Pomptine
Pomp"tine (?), a. See Pontine.
Pomwater
Pom"wa`ter (?), n. Same as Pomewater.
Poncho
Pon"cho (?), n.; pl. Ponchos (. [Sp.]
1. A kind of cloak worn by the Spanish Americans, having the form of a
blanket, with a slit in the middle for the head to pass through. A
kind of poncho made of rubber or painted cloth is used by the mounted
troops in the United States service.
2. A trade name for camlets, or stout worsteds.
Pond
Pond (?), n. [Probably originally, an inclosed body of water, and the
same word as pound. See Pound an inclosure.] A body of water,
naturally or artificially confined, and usually of less extent than a
lake. "Through pond or pool." Milton. Pond hen (Zo\'94l.), the
American coot. See Coot (a). -- Pond lily (Bot.), the water lily. See
under Water, and Illust. under Nymph\'91a. -- Pond snail (Zo\'94l.),
any gastropod living in fresh-water ponds or lakes. The most common
kinds are air-breathing snails (Pulmonifera) belonging to Limn\'91a,
Physa, Planorbis, and allied genera. The operculated species are
pectinibranchs, belonging to Melantho, Valvata, and various other
genera.<-- Some general are italicised, otheres not. Why?? Thus in
orig. --> -- Pond spice (Bot.), an American shrub (Tetranthera
geniculata) of the Laurel family, with small oval leaves, and axillary
clusters of little yellow flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows
in ponds and swamps from Virginia to Florida. -- Pond tortoise, Pond
turtle (Zo\'94l.), any freshwater tortoise of the family Emydid\'91.
Numerous species are found in North America.
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Page 1113
Pond
Pond (?), v. t. To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond
by damming.
Pond
Pond, v. t. [See Ponder.] To ponder. [Obs.]
Pleaseth you, pond your suppliant's plaint. Spenser.
Ponder
Pon"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pondered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pondering.] [L. ponderare, fr. pondus, ponderis, a weight, fr. pendere
to weigh: cf. F. pond\'82rer. See Pendant, and cf. Pound a weight.]
1. To weigh. [Obs.]
2. To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation; to examine
carefully; to consider attentively.
Ponder the path of thy feet. Prov. iv. 26.
Syn. -- To Ponder, Consider, Muse. To consider means to view or
contemplate with fixed thought. To ponder is to dwell upon with long
and anxious attention, with a view to some practical result or
decision. To muse is simply to think upon continuously with no
definite object, or for the pleasure it gives. We consider any subject
which is fairly brought before us; we ponder a concern involving great
interests; we muse on the events of childhood.
Ponder
Pon"der, v. i. To think; to deliberate; to muse; -- usually followed
by on or over. Longfellow.
Ponderability
Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pond\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality
or state of being ponderable.
Ponderable
Pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [L. ponderabilis: cf. F. pond\'82rable.] Capable
of being weighed; having appreciable weight. -- Pon"der*a*ble*ness, n.
Ponderal
Pon"der*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pond\'82ral.] Estimated or ascertained by
weight; -- distinguished from numeral; as, a ponderal drachma. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Ponderance
Pon"der*ance (?), n. [L. ponderans, p. pr. of ponderare to weigh: cf.
OF. ponderant of weight.] Weight; gravity. [R.] Gregory.
Ponderary
Pon"der*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to weight; as, a ponderary
system. [R.] M'Culloch.
Ponderate
Pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [L. ponderatus, p. p. of ponderare. See
Ponder.] To consider; to ponder. [R.]
Ponderate
Pon"der*ate, v. i. To have weight or influence. [R.]
Ponderation
Pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. ponderatio: cf. F. pond\'82ration.] The act
of weighing. [R.] Arbuthnot.
Ponderer
Pon"der*er (?), n. One who ponders.
Pondering
Pon"der*ing, a. Deliberating. -- Pon"der*ing*ly, adv.
Ponderosity
Pon`der*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Ponderosities (#). [OF. ponderosit\'82.]
The quality or state of being ponderous; weight; gravity; heaviness,
ponderousness; as, the ponderosity of gold. Ray.
Ponderous
Pon"der*ous (?), a. [L. ponderosus, from pondus, -eris, a weight: cf.
F. pond\'82reux. See Ponder.]
1. Very heavy; weighty; as, a ponderous shield; a ponderous load; the
ponderous elephant.
The sepulcher . . . Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws. Shak.
2. Important; momentous; forcible. "Your more ponderous and settled
project." Shak.
3. Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit; as, a ponderous style; a
ponderous joke.
Ponderous spar (Min.), heavy spar, or barytes. See Barite.
Ponderously
Pon"der*ous*ly, adv. In a ponderous manner.
Ponderousness
Pon"der*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being ponderous;
ponderosity.
Pondfish
Pond"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of American
fresh-water fishes belonging to the family Centrarchid\'91; -- called
also pond perch, and sunfish.
NOTE: &hand; Th e common pondfish of New England (Lepomis gibbosus)
is called also bream, pumpkin seed, and sunny. See Sunfish. The
long-eared pondfish (Lepomis auritus) of the Eastern United States
is distinguished by its very long opercular flap.
Pondweed
Pond"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any aquatic plant of the genus Potamogeton,
of which many species are found in ponds or slow-moving rivers. Choke
pondweed, an American water weed (Anarcharis, OR Elodea, Canadensis.)
See Anacharis. -- Horned pondweed, the Zannichellia palustris, a
slender, branching aquatic plant, having pointed nutlets.
Pone
Pone (?), n. [Of Amer. Indian origin.] A kind of johnnycake. [Written
also paune.] [Southern U. S.]
Ponent
Po"nent (?), a. [OF., fr. It. ponente, properly, setting (applied to
the setting sun), fr. L. ponens, p. pr. of ponere to set, put.]
Western; occidental. [R.]
Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. Milton.
Pongee
Pon*gee" (?), n. [Of East Indian origin.] A fabric of undyed silk from
India and China.
Ponghee
Pon*ghee" (?), n. [From the native name.] A Buddhist priest of the
higher orders in Burmah. Malcom.
Pongo
Pon"go (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee
and the orang-outang.
Poniard
Pon"iard (?), n. [F. poignard (cf. It. pugnale, Sp. pu\'a4al), fr. L.
pugio, -onis; probably akin to pugnus fist, or fr. pugnus fist, as
held in the fist. See Pugnacious.] A kind of dagger, -- usually a
slender one with a triangular or square blade.
She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak.
Poniard
Pon"iard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poniarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Poniarding.]
To pierce with a poniard; to stab. Cowper.
Ponibility
Po`ni*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ponere to place.] The capability of being
placed or located. [Obs.] Barrow.
Pons
Pons (?), n.; pl. Pontes (#). [L., a bridge.] (Anat.) A bridge; --
applied to several parts which connect others, but especially to the
pons Varolii, a prominent band of nervous tissue situated on the
ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side with
the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See Brain. Pons
asinorum. [L., literally, bridge of asses.] See Asses' bridge, under
Ass.
Pontage
Pon"tage (?; 48), n. [LL. pontagium, from L. pons, pontis, a bridge:
cf. F. pontage.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty or tax paid for repairing
bridges. Ayliffe.
Pontee
Pon*tee" (?), n. [F. pontil, pontis.] (Glass Making) An iron rod used
by glass makers for manipulating the hot glass; -- called also,
puntil, puntel, punty, and ponty. See Fascet.
Pontic
Pon"tic (?), a. [L. Ponticus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the Pontus,
Euxine, or Black Sea.
Pontifex
Pon"ti*fex (?), n.; pl. Pontifices (#). [L.] A high priest; a pontiff.
Pontiff
Pon"tiff (?), n. [F. pontife, L. pontifex, -ficis; pons, pontis, a
bridge (perhaps originally, a way, path) + facere to make. Cf.
Pontoon.] A high priest. Especially: (a) One of the sacred college, in
ancient Rome, which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of
religion, at the head of which was the Pontifex Maximus. Dr. W. Smith.
(b) (Jewish Antiq.) The chief priest. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The pope.
Pontific
Pon*tif"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. pontificius.]
1. Relating to, or consisting of, pontiffs or priests. "The pontific
college with their augurs and flamens." Milton.
2. Of or pertaining to the pope; papal. Shenstone.
Pontifical
Pon*tif"ic*al (?), a. [L. pontificalis: cf. F. pontifical. See
Pontiff.]
1. Of or pertaining to a pontiff, or high priest; as, pontifical
authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal.
2. Of or pertaining to the building of bridges. [R.]
Now had they brought the work by wondrous art Pontifical, a ridge
of pendent rock Over the vexed abyss. Milton.
Pontifical
Pon*tif"ic*al, n. [F.]
1. A book containing the offices, or formulas, used by a pontiff.
South.
2. pl. The dress and ornaments of a pontiff. "Dressed in full
pontificals." Sir W. Scott.
Pontificality
Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The state and government of the pope; the
papacy. [R.] Bacon.
Pontifically
Pon*tif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a pontifical manner.
Pontificate
Pon*tif"i*cate (?), n. [L. pontificatus: cf. F. pontificat. See
Pontiff.]
1. The state or dignity of a high priest; specifically, the office of
the pope. Addison.
2. The term of office of a pontiff. Milman.
Pontificate
Pon*tif"i*cate (?), v. i. (R. C. Ch.) To perform the duty of a
pontiff.
Pontifice
Pon"ti*fice (?), n. [L. pons, pontis, a bridge + facere to make. Cf.
Pontiff.] Bridgework; structure or edifice of a bridge. [R.] Milton.
Pontificial
Pon`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [L. pontificius.] Papal; pontifical. [Obs.]
"Pontificial writers." Burton.
Pontifician
Pon`ti*fi"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pontiff or pope. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Pontifician
Pon`ti*fi"cian, n. One who adheres to the pope or papacy; a papist.
[Obs.] Bp. Montagu.
Pontil
Pon"til (?), n. Same as Pontee.
Pontile
Pon"tile (?), a. [L. pontilis pertaining to a bridge.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pons Varolii. See Pons.
Pontine
Pon"tine (?), a. [L. Pontinus or Pomptinus, an appellation given to a
district in Latium, near Pometia.] Of or pertaining to an extensive
marshy district between Rome and Naples. [Written also Pomptine.]
Pontlevis
Pont"le*vis (?), n. [F., properly, a drawbridge.] (Man.) The action of
a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously.
Ponton
Pon*ton" (?), n. [F.] See Pontoon.
Pontoon
Pon*toon" (?), n. [F. ponton (cf. It. pontone), from L. ponto, -onis,
fr. pons, pontis, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path: cf. Gr.
path, pathi, panthan. Cf. Punt a boat.]
1. (Mil.) A wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic cylinder, or a frame
covered with canvas, India rubber, etc., forming a portable float,
used in building bridges quickly for the passage of troops.
2. (Naut.) A low, flat vessel, resembling a barge, furnished with
cranes, capstans, and other machinery, used in careening ships,
raising weights, drawing piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a
lighter.
Pontoon bridge, a bridge formed with pontoons. -- Pontoon train, the
carriages of the pontoons, and the materials they carry for making a
pontoon bridge.
NOTE: &hand; The French spelling ponton often appears in scientific
works, but pontoon is more common form.
Pontooning
Pon*toon"ing, n. The act, art, or process of constructing pontoon
bridges. "Army instruction in pontooning." Gen. W. T. Shermah.
Ponvolant
Pon`vo*lant" (?; F. ?), n. [F. pont bridge + volant flying.] (Mil.) A
kind of light bridge, used in sieges, for surprising a post or outwork
which has but a narrow moat; a flying bridge.
Ponty
Pon"ty (?), n. (Class Making) See Pontee.
Pony
Po"ny (?), n.; pl. Ponies (. [Written also poney.] [Gael. ponaidh.]
1. A small horse.
2. Twenty-five pounds sterling. [Slang, Eng.]
3. A translation or a key used to avoid study in getting lessons; a
crib. [College Cant]
4. A small glass of beer. [Slang]
Pony chaise, a light, low chaise, drawn by a pony or a pair of ponies.
-- Pony engine, a small locomotive for switching cars from one track
to another. [U.S.] -- Pony truck (Locomotive Engine), a truck which
has only two wheels. -- Pony truss (Bridge Building), a truss which
has so little height that overhead bracing can not be used.
Pood
Pood (?), n. [Russ. pud'.] A Russian weight, equal to forty Russian
pounds or about thirty-six English pounds avoirdupois.
Poodle
Poo"dle (?), n. [G. pudel.] (Zo\'94l.) A breed of dogs having curly
hair, and often showing remarkable intelligence in the performance of
tricks.
Pooh
Pooh (?), interj. [Of. imitative origin; cf. Icel. p&umac;.] Pshaw!
pish! nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike, or contempt.
Pooh-pooh
Pooh`-pooh" (?), v. t. To make light of; to treat with derision or
contempt, as if by saying pooh! pooh! [Colloq.] Thackeray.
Pookoo
Poo"koo (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A red African
antelope (Kobus Vardoni) allied to the water buck.
Pool
Pool (?), n. [AS. p\'d3l; akin to LG. pool, pohl, D. poel, G. pfuhl;
cf. Icel. pollr, also W. pwll, Gael. poll.]
1. A small and rather deep collection of (usually) fresh water, as one
supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream; a
reservoir for water; as, the pools of Solomon. Wyclif.
Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a
pool. Bacon.
The sleepy pool above the dam. Tennyson.
2. A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle. "The filthy
mantled pool beyond your cell." Shak.
Pool
Pool, n. [F. poule, properly, a hen. See Pullet.] [Written also
poule.]
1. The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an
aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare; also,
the receptacle for the stakes.
2. A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain
sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a
game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in
the game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table.
NOTE: &hand; Th is ga me is pl ayed va riously, bu t commonly with
fifteen balls, besides one cue ball, the contest being to drive the
most balls into the pockets.
He plays pool at the billiard houses. Thackeray.
3. In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a
certain sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided
among the winners.
4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join.
5. A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the
purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain,
or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed;
as, the pool took all the wheat offered below the limit; he put
$10,000 into the pool.
6. (Railroads) A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which
the receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed pro rata
according to agreement.
7. (Law) An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to
different people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with
common liabilities.
Pin pool, a variety of the game of billiards in which small wooden
pins are set up to be knocked down by the balls. -- Pool ball, one of
the colored ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called
pool. -- Pool snipe (Zo\'94l.), the European redshank. [Prov. Eng.] --
Pool table, a billiard table with pockets.<-- pool hall, a commercial
establishment where customers may play pool for a fee. pool room, (a)
a room containing a pool table as its most prominent feature. (b) pool
hall. -->
Pool
Pool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooling.] To put
together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual
division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the
companies pooled their traffic.
Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues. U. S. Grant.
Pool
Pool, v. i. To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial,
speculative, or gambling transaction.
Pooler
Pool"er (?), n. A stick for stirring a tan vat.
Pooling
Pool"ing, n. (Law) The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an
aggregation of properties belonging to different persons, with a view
to common liabilities or profits.
Poon
Poon (?), n. [Canarese ponne.] A name for several East Indian, or
their wood, used for the masts and spars of vessels, as Calophyllum
angustifolium, C. inophullum, and Sterculia f\'d2tida; -- called also
peon.
Poonac
Poo"nac (?), n. A kind of oil cake prepared from the cocoanut. See Oil
cake, under Cake.
Poonga oil
Poon"ga oil` (?). A kind of oil used in India for lamps, and for
boiling with dammar for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds
of a leguminous tree (Pongamia glabra).
Poop
Poop (?), n. (Arch.) See 2d Poppy.
Poop
Poop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooping.] [Cf.
D. poepen. See Pop.] To make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind.
Poop
Poop, n. [F. poupe; cf. Sp. & Pg. popa, It. poppa; all fr. L. puppis.]
(Naut.) A deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost
or after part of a vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a
deck. See Poop deck, under Deck. See also Roundhouse.
With wind in poop, the vessel plows the sea. Dryden.
The poop was beaten gold. Shak.
Poop
Poop, v. t. (Naut.) (a) To break over the poop or stern, as a wave. "A
sea which he thought was going to poop her." Lord Dufferin. (b) To
strike in the stern, as by collision.
Pooped
Pooped (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) (a) Having a poop; furnished with a
poop. (b) Struck on the poop. <-- (c) Tired; exhausted, fatigued.
pooped out a. pooped[c]. -->
Pooping
Poop"ing (?), n. (Naut.) The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern
by a following wave or vessel.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1114
Poor
Poor (?), a. [Compar. Poorer (?; 254); superl. Poorest.] [OE. poure or
povre, OF. povre, F. pauvre, L. pauper; the first syllable of which is
probably akin to paucus few (see Paucity, Few), and the second to
parare to prepare, procure. See Few, and cf. Parade, Pauper, Poverty.]
1. Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy;
indigent.
NOTE: &hand; It is of ten sy nonymous wi th in digent an d wi th
necessitous denoting extreme want. It is also applied to persons
who are not entirely destitute of property, but who are not rich;
as, a poor man or woman; poor people.
2. (Law) So completely destitute of property as to be entitled to
maintenance from the public.
3. Hence, in very various applications: Destitute of such qualities as
are desirable, or might naturally be expected; as: (a) Wanting in fat,
plumpness, or fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; as, a poor horse,
ox, dog, etc. "Seven other kine came up after them, poor and very
ill-favored and lean-fleshed." Gen. xli. 19. (b) Wanting in strength
or vigor; feeble; dejected; as, poor health; poor spirits. "His genius
. . . poor and cowardly." Bacon. (c) Of little value or worth; not
good; inferior; shabby; mean; as, poor clothes; poor lodgings. "A poor
vessel." Clarendon. (d) Destitute of fertility; exhausted; barren;
sterile; -- said of land; as, poor soil. (e) Destitute of beauty,
fitness, or merit; as, a poor discourse; a poor picture. (f) Without
prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable; unfortunate;
unconformable; as, a poor business; the sick man had a poor night. (g)
Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; as, a poor excuse.
That I have wronged no man will be a poor plea or apology at the
last day. Calamy.
4. Worthy of pity or sympathy; -- used also sometimes as a term of
endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word of
contempt.
And for mine own poor part, Look you, I'll go pray. Shak.
Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing. Prior.
5. Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek. "Blessed are
the poor in spirit." Matt. v. 3.
Poor law, a law providing for, or regulating, the relief or support of
the poor. -- Poor man's treacle (Bot.), garlic; -- so called because
it was thought to be an antidote to animal poison. [Eng] Dr. Prior. --
Poor man's weatherglass (Bot.), the red-flowered pimpernel (Anagallis
arvensis), which opens its blossoms only in fair weather. -- Poor
rate, an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief or
support of the poor. -- Poor soldier (Zo\'94l.), the friar bird. --
The poor, those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the
needy. In a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by
the public. "I have observed the more public provisions are made for
the poor, the less they provide for themselves." Franklin.
Poor
Poor (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European codfish (Gadus minutus); --
called also power cod.
Poorbox
Poor"box` (?), n. A receptacle in which money given for the poor is
placed.
Poorhouse
Poor"house` (?), n. A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at
public expense; an almshouse; a workhouse.
Poor-john
Poor"-john` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European fish, similar to the
cod, but of inferior quality.
Poor-john and apple pies are all our fare. Sir J. Harrington.
Poorliness
Poor"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being poorly; ill health.
Poorly
Poor"ly, adv.
1. In a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or sufficiency, or
suitable provision for comfort; as, to live poorly.
2. With little or no success; indifferently; with little profit or
advantage; as, to do poorly in business.
3. Meanly; without spirit.
Nor is their courage or their wealth so low, That from his wars
they poorly would retire. Dryden.
4. Without skill or merit; as, he performs poorly.
Poorly off, not well off; not rich.
Poorly
Poor"ly, a. Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health. "Having been
poorly in health." T. Scott.
Poorness
Poor"ness, n. The quality or state of being poor (in any of the senses
of the adjective). Bacon.
Poor-spirited
Poor"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base. --
Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness, n.
Poor-will
Poor"-will` (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A
bird of the Western United States (Phal\'91noptilus Nutalli) allied to
the whip-poor-will.
Poor-willie
Poor"-wil`lie (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zo\'94l.)
The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]
Pop
Pop (?), n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Poop.]
1. A small, sharp, quick explosive sound or report; as, to go off with
a pop. Addison.
2. An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork with a pop from
the bottle containing it; as, ginger pop; lemon pop, etc. Hood.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.]
Pop corn. (a) Corn, or maize, of peculiar excellence for popping;
especially, a kind the grains of which are small and compact. (b)
Popped corn; which has been popped.
Pop
Pop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Popped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Popping.]
1. To make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets popped away
on all sides.
2. To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move
from place to place suddenly; to dart; -- with in, out, upon, off,
etc.
He that killed my king . . . Popp'd in between the election and my
hopes. Shak.
A trick of popping up and down every moment. Swift.
3. To burst open with a pop, when heated over a fire; as, this corn
pops well.
Pop
Pop, v. t.
1. To thrust or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring suddenly
and unexpectedly to notice; as, to pop one's head in at the door.
He popped a paper into his hand. Milton.
2. To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat, as grains of
Indian corn; as, to pop corn or chestnuts.
To pop off, to thrust away, or put off promptly; as, to pop one off
with a denial. Locke. -- To pop the question, to make an offer of
marriage to a lady. [Colloq.] Dickens.
Pop
Pop (?), adv. Like a pop; suddenly; unexpectedly. "Pop goes his
plate." Beau. & Fl.
Pope
Pope (?), n. [AS. p\'bepa, L. papa father, bishop. Cf. Papa, Papal.]
1. Any ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.] Foxe.
2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See Note
under Cardinal.
3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish; the ruff.
Pope Joan, a game at cards played on a round board with compartments.
-- Pope's eye, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the
thigh of an ox or sheep. R. D. Blackmore. -- Pope's nose, the rump, or
uropygium, of a bird. See Uropygium.
Popedom
Pope"dom (?), n. [AS. p\'beped\'d3m.]
1. The place, office, or dignity of the pope; papal dignity. Shak.
2. The jurisdiction of the pope.
Popeling
Pope"ling (?), n.
1. A petty or deputy pope.
2. An adherent of the pope. [R.] Marlowe.
Popelote
Pop"e*lote (?), n. A word variously explained as "a little puppet," "a
little doll," or "a young butterfly." Cf. Popet. [Obs.]
So gay a popelote, so sweet a wench. Chaucer.
Popery
Pop"er*y (?), n. The religion of the Roman Catholic Church,
comprehending doctrines and practices; -- generally used in an
opprobrious sense.
Popet
Pop"et (?), n. A puppet. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Popgun
Pop"gun` (?), n. A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting
pellets, with a popping noise, by compression of air.
Popinjay
Pop"in*jay (?), n. [OE. popingay, papejay, OF. papegai, papegaut; cf.
Pr. papagai, Sp. & Pg. papagayo, It. pappagallo, LGr. gallus cock, or
the same word as E. jay, F. geai. Cf. Papagay.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The green woodpecker. (b) A parrot.
The pye and popyngay speak they know not what. Tyndale.
2. A target in the form of a parrot. [Scot.]
3. A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb. "To be so pestered with a
popinjay." Shak.
Popish
Pop"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by
the pope; hence, of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; --
often used opprobriously. -- Pop"ish*ly, adv. -- Pop"ish*ness, n.
Poplar
Pop"lar (?), n. [OE. popler, OF. poplier, F. peuplier, fr. L. populus
poplar.] (Bot.)
1. Any tree of the genus Populus; also, the timber, which is soft, and
capable of many uses.
NOTE: &hand; Th e as pen po plar is Po pulus tr emula an d P.
tremuloides; Balsam poplar is P. balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P.
dilatata) is a tall, spiry tree; white poplar is Populus alba.
2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also white poplar. [U.S.]
Poplexy
Po*plex"y (?), n. Apoplexy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Poplin
Pop"lin (?), n. [F. popeline, papeline.] A fabric of many varieties,
usually made of silk and worsted, -- used especially for women's
dresses. Irish poplin, a fabric with silk warp and worsted weft, made
in Ireland.
Popliteal
Pop*lit"e*al (?; 277), a. [From L. poples, -itis, the ham.] (Anat.) Of
or pertaining to the ham; in the region of the ham, or behind the knee
joint; as, the popliteal space.
Poplitic
Pop*lit"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Popliteal.
Popper
Pop"per (?), n. A utensil for popping corn, usually a wire basket with
a long handle.
Popper
Pop"per, n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Poppet
Pop"pet (?), n.
1. See Puppet.
2. (Naut.) One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to
support a vessel in launching. Totten.
3. (Mach.) An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only.
Poppet head, Puppet head. See Headstock (a).
Popied
Pop"ied (?), a. [See 1st Poppy.]
1. Mingled or interspersed with poppies. "Poppied corn." Keats.
2. Affected with poppy juice; hence, figuratively, drugged; drowsy;
listless; inactive. [R.]
The poppied sails doze on the yard. Lowell.
Popping
Pop"ping (?), a. & n. from Pop. Popping crease. (Cricket) See under
Crease.
Popple
Pop"ple (?), v. i. [Cf. Pop.] To move quickly up and down; to bob up
and down, as a cork on rough water; also, to bubble. Cotton.
Popple
Pop"ple, n.
1. The poplar. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]
2. Tares. [Obs.] "To sow popple among wheat." Bale.
Poppy
Pop"py (?), n.; pl. Poppies (#). [OE. popy, AS. popig, L. papaver.]
(Bot.) Any plant or species of the genus Papaver, herbs with showy
polypetalous flowers and a milky juice. From one species (Papaver
somniferum) opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to
some extent; also, a flower of the plant. See Illust. of Capsule.
California poppy (Bot.), any yellow-flowered plant of the genus
Eschscholtzia. -- Corn poppy. See under Corn. -- Horn, OR Horned,
poppy. See under Horn. -- Poppy bee (Zo\'94l.), a leaf-cutting bee
(Anthocopa papaveris) which uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the
lining of its cells; -- called also upholsterer bee. -- Prickly poppy
(Bot.), Argemone Mexicana, a yellow-flowered plant of the Poppy
family, but as prickly as a thistle. -- Poppy seed, the seed the opium
poppy (P. somniferum). -- Spatling poppy (Bot.), a species of Silene
(S. inflata). See Catchfly.
Poppy, Poppyhead
Pop"py (?), Pop"py*head` (?), n. [F. poup\'82e doll, puppet. See
Puppet.] (Arch.) A raised ornament frequently having the form of a
final. It is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows
which terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.
Populace
Pop"u*lace (?), n. [F. populace, fr. It. popolaccio, popolazzo, fr.
popolo people, L. populus. See People.] The common people; the vulgar;
the multitude, -- comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank,
office, education, or profession. Pope.
To . . . calm the peers and please the populace. Daniel.
They . . . call us Britain's barbarous populaces. Tennyson.
Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty.
Populacy
Pop"u*la*cy (?), n. Populace. [Obs.] Feltham.
Popular
Pop"u*lar (?), a. [L. popularis, fr. populus people: cf. F. populaire.
See People.]
1. Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body of the
people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the popular voice;
popular elections. "Popular states." Bacon. "So the popular vote
inclines." Milton.
The commonly held in popular estimation are greatest at a distance.
J. H. Newman.
2. Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse;
familiar; plain.
Homilies are plain popular instructions. Hooker.
3. Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable
by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, popular
prices; popular amusements.
The smallest figs, called popular figs, . . . are, of all others,
the basest and of least account. Holland.
4. Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general,
or to many people; as, a popular preacher; a popular law; a popular
administration.
5. Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the
populace. [R.]
Such popular humanity is treason. Addison.
6. Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a popular disease.
[Obs.] Johnson.
Popular action (Law), an action in which any person may sue for
penalty imposed by statute. Blackstone.
Populares
Pop`u*la"res (?), n. pl. [L.] The people or the people's party, in
ancient Rome, as opposed to the optimates.
Popularity
Pop`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Popularities (#). [L. popularitas an
effort to please the people: cf. F. popularit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of
being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large;
good will or favor proceeding from the people; as, the popularity of a
law, statesman, or a book.
A popularity which has lasted down to our time. Macaulay.
2. The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor,
or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity.
This gallant laboring to avoid popularity falls into a habit of
affectation. B. Jonson.
3. Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of the
vulgar; claptrap.
Popularities, and circumstances which . . . sway the ordinary
judgment. Bacon.
4. The act of courting the favor of the people. [Obs.] "Indicted . . .
for popularity and ambition." Holland.
5. Public sentiment; general passion. [R.]
A little time be allowed for the madness of popularity to cease.
Bancroft.
Popularization
Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of making popular, or of
introducing among the people.
Popularize
Pop"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Popularized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Popularizing (?).] [Cf. F. populariser.] To make popular; to make
suitable or acceptable to the common people; to make generally known;
as, to popularize philosophy. "The popularizing of religious
teaching." Milman.
Popularizer
Pop"u*lar*i`zer (?), n. One who popularizes.
Popularly
Pop"u*lar*ly, adv. In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored
or accepted by the people; commonly; currently; as, the story was
popularity reported.
The victor knight, Bareheaded, popularly low had bowed. Dryden.
Popularness
Pop"u*lar*ness, n. The quality or state of being popular; popularity.
Coleridge.
Populate
Pop"u*late (?), a. [L. populus people. See People.] Populous. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Populate
Pop"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Populated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Populating.] To furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase
or by immigration or colonization; to cause to be inhabited; to
people.
Populate
Pop"u*late, v. i. To propagate. [Obs.]
Great shoals of people which go on to populate. Bacon.
Population
Pop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. populatio: cf. F. population.]
1. The act or process of populating; multiplication of inhabitants.
2. The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a country, or
portion of a country; as, a population of ten millions.
Populator
Pop"u*la`tor (?), n. One who populates.
Populicide
Pop"u*li*cide` (?), n. [L. populus people + caedere to kill.]
Slaughter of the people. [R.]
Populin
Pop"u*lin (?), n. [L. populus poplar: cf. F. populine.] (Chem.) A
glycoside, related to salicin, found in the bark of certain species of
the poplar (Populus), and extracted as a sweet white crystalline
substance.
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Populosity
Pop`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. populositas: cf. F. populosit\'82.]
Populousness.[Obs.]
Populous
Pop"u*lous (?), a. [L. populosus, fr. populus people: cf. F.
populeux.]
1. Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many
inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country.
Heaven, yet populous, retains Number sufficient to possess her
realms. Milton.
2. Popular; famous. [Obs.] J. Webster.
3. Common; vulgar. [Obs.] Arden of Feversham.
4. Numerous; in large number. [Obs.] "The dust . . . raised by your
populous troops." Shak. -- Pop"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Pop"u*lous*ness, n.
Poraille
Po*raille" (?), n. [OF. pouraille. See Poor.] Poor people; the poor.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Porbeagle
Por"bea`gle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of shark (Lamna cornubica),
about eight feet long, having a pointed nose and a crescent-shaped
tail; -- called also mackerel shark. [Written also probeagle.]
Porcate
Por"cate (?), a. [L. porca a ridge between two furrows.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges;
furrowed.
Porcelain
Por"ce*lain (?), n. (Bot.) Purslain. [Obs.]
Porcelain
Por"ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the
porcelain shell, or Venus shell (Cypr\'91a porcellana), from a dim.
fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape
to a pig's back. Porcelain was called after this shell, either on
account of its smoothness and whiteness, or because it was believed to
be made from it. See Pork.] A fine translucent or semitransculent kind
of earthenware, made first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe
and America; -- called also China, or China ware.
Porcelain, by being pure, is apt to break. Dryden.
Ivory porcelain, porcelain with a surface like ivory, produced by
depolishing. See Depolishing. -- Porcelain clay. See under Clay. --
Porcelain crab (Zo\'94l.), any crab of the genus Porcellana and allied
genera (family Porcellanid\'91). They have a smooth, polished
carapace. -- Porcelain jasper. (Min.) See Porcelanite. -- Porcelain
printing, the transferring of an impression of an engraving to
porcelain. -- Porcelain shell (Zo\'94l.), a cowry.
Porcelainized
Por"ce*lain*ized (?), a. (Geol.) Baked like potter's lay; -- applied
to clay shales that have been converted by heat into a substance
resembling porcelain.
Porcelaneous, Porcellaneous
Por`ce*la"ne*ous (?), Por`cel*la"ne*ous (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to porcelain; resembling porcelain; as,
porcelaneous shells.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; -- said of
certain Foraminifera.
Porcelanite
Por"ce*la*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. porcelanite.] (Min.) A semivitrified
clay or shale, somewhat resembling jasper; -- called also porcelain
jasper.
Porcelanous, Porcellanous
Por"ce*la`nous (?), Por"cel*la`nous (?), a. Porcelaneous. Ure.
Porch
Porch (?), n. [F. porche, L. porticus, fr. porta a gate, entrance, or
passage. See Port a gate, and cf. Portico.]
1. (Arch.) A covered and inclosed entrance to a building, whether
taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the
main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. Sometimes
the porch is large enough to serve as a covered walk. See also
Carriage porch, under Carriage, and Loggia.
The graceless Helen in the porch I spied Of Vesta's temple. Dryden.
2. A portico; a covered walk. [Obs.]
Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall find find us. Shak.
The Porch, a public portico, or great hall, in Athens, where Zeno, the
philosopher, taught his disciples; hence, sometimes used as equivalent
to the school of the Stoics. It was called "h poiki`lh stoa`. [See
Poicile.]
Porcine
Por"cine (?), a. [L. porcinus, from porcus a swine. See Pork.] Of or
pertaining to swine; characteristic of the hog. "Porcine cheeks." G.
Eliot.
Porcupine
Por"cu*pine (?), n. [OE. porkepyn, porpentine, OF. porc-espi, F.
porc-\'82pic (cf. It. porco spino, porco spinoso, Sp. puerco espino,
puerco espin, fr. L. porcus swine + spina thorn, spine). The last part
of the French word is perhaps a corruption from the It. or Sp.; cf. F.
\'82pi ear, a spike of grain, L. spica. See Pork, Spike a large nail,
Spine.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any Old Word rodent of the genus Hystrix, having the
back covered with long, sharp, erectile spines or quills, sometimes a
foot long. The common species of Europe and Asia (Hystrix cristata) is
the best known.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Erethizon and related genera, native of
America. They are related to the true porcupines, but have shorter
spines, and are arboreal in their habits. The Canada porcupine
(Erethizon dorsatus) is a well known species.
Porcupine ant-eater (Zo\'94l.), the echidna. -- Porcupine crab
(Zo\'94l.), a large spiny Japanese crab (Acantholithodes hystrix). --
Porcupine disease (Med.). See Ichthyosis. -- Porcupine fish
(Zo\'94l.), any plectognath fish having the body covered with spines
which become erect when the body is inflated. See Diodon, and
Globefish. -- Porcupine grass (Bot.), a grass (Stipa spartea) with
grains bearing a stout twisted awn, which, by coiling and uncoiling
through changes in moisture, propels the sharp-pointed and barbellate
grain into the wool and flesh of sheep. It is found from Illinois
westward. See Illustration in Appendix. -- Porcupine wood (Bot.), the
hard outer wood of the cocoa palm; -- so called because, when cut
horizontally, the markings of the wood resemble the quills of a
porcupine.
Pore
Pore (?), n. [F., fr. L. porus, Gr. Fare, v.]
1. One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for
transpiration, absorption, etc.
2. A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the
constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of stones.
Pore
Pore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poring.] [OE.
poren, of uncertain origin; cf. D. porren to poke, thrust, Gael.
purr.] To look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the
attention; to be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually
with over."Painfully to pore upon a book." Shak.
The eye grows weary with poring perpetually on the same thing.
Dryden.
Poreblind
Pore"blind` (?), a. [Probably influenced by pore, v. See Purblind.]
Nearsighted; shortsighted; purblind. [Obs.] Bacon.
Porer
Por"er (?), n. One who pores.
Porgy
Por"gy (?), n.; pl. Porgies (#). [See Paugie.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
scup. (b) The sailor's choice, or pinfish. (c) The margate fish. (d)
The spadefish. (e) Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf
fishes, of the Pacific coast. The name is also given locally to
several other fishes, as the bur fish. [Written also porgee, porgie,
and paugy.]
Porifera
Po*rif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. porus pore + ferre to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) A grand division of the Invertebrata, including the
sponges; -- called also Spongi\'91, Spongida, and Spongiozoa. The
principal divisions are Calcispongi\'91, Keratosa or Fibrospongi\'91,
and Silicea.
Poriferan
Po*rif"er*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polifera.
Poriferata
Po*rif`e*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] The Polifera.
Poriform
Po"ri*form (?), a. [L. porus pore + -form: cf. F. poriforme.]
Resembling a pore, or small puncture.
Porime
Po"rime (?), n. [Gr. (Math.) A theorem or proposition so easy of
demonstration as to be almost self-evident. [R.] Crabb.
Poriness
Por"i*ness (?), n. Porosity. Wiseman.
Porism
Po"rism (?), n. [Gr. porisme.]
1. (Geom.) A proposition affirming the possibility of finding such
conditions as will render a certain determinate problem indeterminate
or capable of innumerable solutions. Playfair.
2. (Gr. Geom.) A corollary. Brande & C.
NOTE: &hand; Th ree bo oks of porisms of Euclid have been lost, but
several attempts to determine the nature of these propositions and
to restore them have been made by modern geometers.
Porismatic, Porismatical
Po`ris*mat"ic (?), Po`ris*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a
porism; poristic.
Poristic, Poristical
Po*ris"tic (?), Po*ris"tic*al (?), a.[Gr. Of or pertaining to a
porism; of the nature of a porism.
Porite
Po"rite (?), n. [Cf. F. porite. See Pore, n.] (Zo\'94l.) Any coral of
the genus Porites, or family Poritid\'91.
Porites
Po*ri"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An important genus of
reef-building corals having small twelve-rayed calicles, and a very
porous coral. Some species are branched, others grow in large massive
or globular forms.
Pork
Pork (?), n. [F. porc, L. porcus hog, pig. See Farrow a litter of
pigs, and cf. Porcelain, Porpoise.] The flesh of swine, fresh or
salted, used for food.
Porker
Pork"er (?), n. A hog. Pope.
Porket
Pork"et (?), n. [Dim. of F. porc. See Pork.] A young hog; a pig. [R.]
Dryden. W. Howitt.
Porkling
Pork"ling (?), n. A pig; a porket. Tusser.
Porkwood
Pork"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The coarse-grained brownish yellow wood of a
small tree (Pisonia obtusata) of Florida and the West Indies. Also
called pigeon wood, beefwood, and corkwood.
Pornerastic
Por`ne*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. Lascivious; licentious. [R.] F. Harrison.
Pornographic
Por`no*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pornography; lascivious;
licentious; as, pornographic writing.
Pornography
Por*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.]
1. Licentious painting or literature; especially, the painting
anciently employed to decorate the walls of rooms devoted to
bacchanalian orgies.
2. (Med.) A treatise on prostitutes, or prostitution.
Porosity
Po*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. porosit\'82.] The quality or state of
being porous; -- opposed to density.
Porotic
Po*rot"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A medicine supposed to promote the
formation of callus.
Porous
Por"ous (?), a. [Cf. F. poreux. See Pore, n.] Full of pores; having
interstices in the skin or in the substance of the body; having
spiracles or passages for fluids; permeable by liquids; as, a porous
skin; porous wood. "The veins of porous earth." Milton.
Porously
Por"ous*ly, adv. In a porous manner.
Porousness
Por"ous*ness, n.
1. The quality of being porous.
2. The open parts; the interstices of anything. [R.]
They will forcibly get into the porousness of it. Sir K. Digby.
Porpentine
Por"pen*tine (?), n. Porcupine. [Obs.] Shak.
Porpesse
Por"pesse (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.]
Porphyraceous
Por`phy*ra"ceous (?), a. Porphyritic.
Porphyre
Por"phyre (?), n. Porphyry. [Obs.] Locke.
Porphyrite
Por"phy*rite (?), n. (Min.) A rock with a porphyritic structure; as,
augite porphyrite.
Porphyritic
Por`phy*rit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. porphyritique.] (Min.) Relating to, or
resembling, porphyry, that is, characterized by the presence of
distinct crystals, as of feldspar, quartz, or augite, in a relatively
fine-grained base, often aphanitic or cryptocrystalline.
Porphyrization
Por`phy*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act of porphyrizing, or the state of
being porphyrized.
Porphyrize
Por`phy*rize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. porphyriser, Gr. To cause to resemble
porphyry; to make spotted in composition, like porphyry.
Porphyrogenitism
Por`phy*ro*gen"i*tism (?), n. [LL. porphyro genitus, fr. Gr. The
principle of succession in royal families, especially among the
Eastern Roman emperors, by which a younger son, if born after the
accession of his father to the throne, was preferred to an elder son
who was not so born. Sir T. Palgrave.
Porphyry
Por"phy*ry (?), n.; pl. Porphyries (#). [F. porphyre, L. porphyrites,
fr. Gr. Purple.] (Geol.) A term used somewhat loosely to designate a
rock consisting of a fine-grained base (usually feldspathic) through
which crystals, as of feldspar or quartz, are disseminated. There are
red, purple, and green varieties, which are highly esteemed as
marbles. Porphyry shell (Zo\'94l.), a handsome marine gastropod shell
(Oliva porphyria), having a dark red or brown polished surface, marked
with light spots, like porphyry.
Porpita
Por"pi*ta (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of bright-colored
Siphonophora found floating in the warmer parts of the ocean. The
individuals are round and disk-shaped, with a large zooid in the
center of the under side, surrounded by smaller nutritive and
reproductive zooids, and by slender dactylozooids near the margin. The
disk contains a central float, or pneumatocyst.
Porpoise
Por"poise (?), n. [OE. porpeys, OF. porpeis, literally, hog fish, from
L. porcus swine + piscis fish. See Pork, and Fish.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any small cetacean of the genus Phoc\'91na, especially
P. communis, or P. phoc\'91na, of Europe, and the closely allied
American species (P. Americana). The color is dusky or blackish above,
paler beneath. They are closely allied to the dolphins, but have a
shorter snout. Called also harbor porpoise, herring hag, puffing pig,
and snuffer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A true dolphin (Delphinus); -- often so called by
sailors.
Skunk porpoise, OR Bay porpoise (Zo\'94l.), a North American porpoise
(Lagenorhynchus acutus), larger than the common species, and with
broad stripes of white and yellow on the sides. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Porporino
Por`po*ri"no (?), n. [It.] A composition of quicksilver, tin, and
sulphur, forming a yellow powder, sometimes used by medi\'91val
artists, for the sake of economy, instead of gold. Fairholt.
Porpus
Por"pus (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.] Swift.
Porraceous
Por*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. porraceus, from porrum, porrus, a leek.]
Resembling the leek in color; greenish. [R.] "Porraceous vomiting."
Wiseman.
Porrect
Por*rect" (?), a. [L. porrectus, p. p. of porrigere to stretch out
before one's self, to but forth.] Extended horizontally; stretched
out.
Porrection
Por*rec"tion (?), n. [L. porrectio: cf. F. porrection.] The act of
stretching forth.
Porret
Por"ret (?), n. [F. porrette, fr. L. porrum, porrus, leek. See
Porraceous.] A scallion; a leek or small onion. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Porridge
Por"ridge (?), n. [Probably corrupted fr. pottage; perh. influenced by
OE. porree a kind of pottage, OF. porr\'82e, fr. L. porrum, porrus,
leek. See Pottage, and cf. Porringer.] A food made by boiling some
leguminous or farinaceous substance, or the meal of it, in water or in
milk, making of broth or thin pudding; as, barley porridge, milk
porridge, bean porridge, etc.
Porringer
Por"rin*ger (?), n. [OE. pottanger, for pottager; cf. F. potager a
soup basin. See Porridge.] A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from
which children eat or are fed; as, a silver porringer. Wordsworth.
Port
Port (?), n. [From Oporto, in Portugal, i. e., the port, L. portus.
See Port harbor.] A dark red or purple astringent wine made in
Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol.
Port
Port, n. [AS. port, L. portus: cf. F. port. See Farm, v., Ford, and
1st, 3d, & 4h Port.]
1. A place where ships may ride secure from storms; a sheltered inlet,
bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also figuratively.
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Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads. Shak.
We are in port if we have Thee. Keble.
2. In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to
discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they
finish their voyages.
Free port. See under Free. -- Port bar. (Naut,) (a) A boom. See Boom,
4, also Bar, 3. (b) A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port.
-- Port charges (Com.), charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or
its cargo is subjected in a harbor. -- Port of entry, a harbor where a
customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise. -- Port
toll (Law), a payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into
port. -- Port warden, the officer in charge of a port; a harbor
master.
Port
Port (?), n. [F. porte, L. porta, akin to portus; cf. AS. porte, fr.
L. porta. See Port a harbor, and cf. Porte.]
1. A passageway; an opening or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate;
a door; a portal. [Archaic]
Him I accuse The city ports by this hath entered. Shak.
Form their ivory port the cherubim Forth issuing. Milton.
2. (Naut.) An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through
which cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which
close such an opening.
Her ports being within sixteen inches of the water. Sir W. Raleigh.
3. (Mach.) A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam,
water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder
of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face.
Air port, Bridle port, etc. See under Air, Bridle, etc. -- Port bar
(Naut.), a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale. -- Port lid
(Naut.), a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel. --
Steam port, AND Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the ports of the cylinder
communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or exit of
the steam, respectively.
Port
Port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ported; p. pr. & vb. n. Porting.] [F.
porter, L. portare to carry. See Port demeanor.]
1. To carry; to bear; to transport. [Obs.]
They are easily ported by boat into other shires. Fuller.
2. (Mil.) To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the
lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the
barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; as,
to port arms.
Began to hem him round with ported spears. Milton.
Port arms, a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.
Port
Port, n. [F. port, fr. porter to carry, L. portare, prob. akin to E.
fare, v. See Port harbor, and cf. Comport, Export, Sport.] The manner
in which a person bears himself; deportment; carriage; bearing;
demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a proud port. Spenser.
And of his port as meek as is a maid. Chaucer.
The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable port in the
world. South.
Port
Port, n. [Etymology uncertain.] (Naut.) The larboard or left side of a
ship (looking from the stern toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to
port. See Note under Larboard. Also used adjectively.
Port
Port, v. t. (Naut.) To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a
ship; -- said of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a
command; as, port your helm.
Porta
Por"ta (?), n.; pl. Port\'91 (#). [L., a gate. See Port a hole.]
(Anat.) (a) The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and
nerves enter; the hilus. (b) The foramen of Monro. B. G. Wilder.
Portability
Port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being portable;
fitness to be carried.
Portable
Port"a*ble (?), a. [L. portabilis, fr. portare to carry: cf. F.
portable. See Port demeanor.]
1. Capable of being borne or carried; easily transported; conveyed
without difficulty; as, a portable bed, desk, engine. South.
2. Possible to be endured; supportable. [Obs.]
How light and portable my pain seems now! Shak.
Portable forge. See under Forge. -- Portable steam engine. See under
Steam engine.
Portableness
Port"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being portable;
portability.
Portace
Por"tace (?; 48), n. See Portass. [Obs.]
Portage
Port"age (?; 48), n. [From 2d Port.] (Naut.) (a) A sailor's wages when
in port. (b) The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage.
Portage
Port"age, n. [3d Port.] A porthole. [Obs.] Shak.
Portage
Por"tage (?), n. [F., from porter to carry. See Port to carry.]
1. The act of carrying or transporting.
2. The price of carriage; porterage. Bp. Fell.
3. Capacity for carrying; tonnage. [Obs.] Hakluyt.
4. A carry between navigable waters. See 3d Carry.
Portage
Por"tage (?), v. t. & i. To carry (goods, boats, etc.) overland
between navigable waters.
Portage group
Por"tage group` (?). [So called from the township of Portage in New
York.] (Geol.) A subdivision of the Chemung period in American
geology. See Chart of Geology.
Portague
Por"ta*gue (?), n. [See Portuguese.] A Portuguese gold coin formerly
current, and variously estimated to be worth from three and one half
to four and one half pounds sterling. [Obs.] [Written also portegue
and portigue.]
Ten thousand portagues, besides great pearls. Marlowe.
Portal
Por"tal (?), n. [OF. portal, F. portail, LL. portale, fr. L. porta a
gate. See Port a gate.]
1. A door or gate; hence, a way of entrance or exit, especially one
that is grand and imposing.
Thick with sparkling orient gems The portal shone. Milton.
From out the fiery portal of the east. Shak.
2. (Arch.) (a) The lesser gate, where there are two of different
dimensions. (b) Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated
from the rest of the apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage
to another apartment. (c) By analogy with the French portail, used by
recent writers for the whole architectural composition which surrounds
and includes the doorways and porches of a church.
3. (Bridge Building) The space, at one end, between opposite trusses
when these are terminated by inclined braces.
4. A prayer book or breviary; a portass. [Obs.]
Portal bracing (Bridge Building), a combination of struts and ties
which lie in the plane of the inclined braces at a portal, serving to
transfer wind pressure from the upper parts of the trusses to an
abutment or pier of the bridge.
Portal
Por"tal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a porta, especially the
porta of the liver; as, the portal vein, which enters the liver at the
porta, and divides into capillaries after the manner of an artery.
NOTE: &hand; Po rtal is applied to other veins which break up into
capillaries; as, the renal portal veins in the frog.
Portamento
Por`ta*men"to (?), n. [It., fr. portare to carry.] (Mus.) In singing,
or in the use of the bow, a gradual carrying or lifting of the voice
or sound very smoothly from one note to another; a gliding from tone
to tone.
Portance
Por"tance (?), n. See Port, carriage, demeanor. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.
Portass
Por"tass (?), n. [OF. porte-hors a kind of prayer book, so called from
being portable; cf. LL. portiforium.] A breviary; a prayer book.
[Written variously portace, portasse, portesse, portise, porthose,
portos, portus, portuse, etc.] [Obs.] Spenser. Camden.
By God and by this porthors I you swear. Chaucer.
Portate
Por"tate (?), a. [L. portatus, p. p. of portare to carry.] (Her.)
Borne not erect, but diagonally athwart an escutcheon; as, a cross
portate.
Portative
Por"ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. portatif.]
1. Portable. [Obs.]
2. (Physics) Capable of holding up or carrying; as, the portative
force of a magnet, of atmospheric pressure, or of capillarity.
Portcluse
Port"cluse (?), n. A portcullis. [Obs.]
Portcrayon
Port`cray"on (?), n. [F. porte-crayon; porter to carry + crayon a
crayon.] A metallic handle with a clasp for holding a crayon.
Portcullis
Port*cul"lis (?), n. [OF. porte coulisse, cole\'8bce, a sliding door,
fr. L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain: cf. F. couler to glide.
See Port a gate, and cf. Cullis, Colander.]
1. (Fort.) A grating of iron or of timbers pointed with iron, hung
over the gateway of a fortress, to be let down to prevent the entrance
of an enemy. "Let the portcullis fall." Sir W. Scott.
She . . . the huge portcullis high updrew. Milton.
2. An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth, struck for the use of
the East India Company; -- so called from its bearing the figure of a
portcullis on the reverse.
Portcullis
Port*cul"lis, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portcullised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Portcullising.] To obstruct with, or as with, a portcullis; to shut;
to bar. [R.] Shak.
Porte
Porte (?), n. [F. porte a gate, L. porta. See Port a gate.] The
Ottoman court; the government of the Turkish empire, officially called
the Sublime Porte, from the gate (port) of the sultan's palace at
which justice was administered.
Porte-coch\'8are
Porte"-co`ch\'8are" (?), n. [F. See Port a gate, and Coach.] (Arch.) A
large doorway allowing vehicles to drive into or through a building.
It is common to have the entrance door open upon the passage of the
porte-coch\'8are. Also, a porch over a driveway before an entrance
door.
Ported
Port"ed (?), a. Having gates. [Obs.]
We took the sevenfold-ported Thebes. Chapman.
Portegue
Por"te*gue (?), n. See Portague. [Obs.]
Portemonnaie
Porte"mon*naie` (?), n. [F., fr. porter to carry + monnaie money.] A
small pocketbook or wallet for carrying money.
Por-tend
Por-tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Portending.] [L. portendre, portentum, to foretell, to predict, to
impend, from an old preposition used in comp. + tendere to stretch.
See Position, Tend.]
1. To indicate (events, misfortunes, etc.) as in future; to foreshow;
to foretoken; to bode; -- now used esp. of unpropitious signs. Bacon.
Many signs portended a dark and stormy day. Macaulay.
2. To stretch out before. [R.] "Doomed to feel the great Idomeneus'
portended steel." Pope. Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken;
forebode; augur; presage; foreshadow; threaten.
Portension
Por*ten"sion (?), n. The act of foreshowing; foreboding. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.
Portent
Por*tent" (?; 277), n. [L. portentum. See Portend.] That which
portends, or foretoken; esp., that which portends evil; a sign of
coming calamity; an omen; a sign. Shak.
My loss by dire portents the god foretold. Dryden.
Portentive
Por*tent"ive (?), a. Presaging; foreshadowing.
Portentous
Por*tent"ous (?), a. [L. portentosus.]
1. Of the nature of a portent; containing portents; foreschadowing,
esp. foreschadowing ill; ominous.
For, I believe, they are portentous things. Shak.
Victories of strange and almost portentous splendor. Macaulay.
2. Hence: Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; dreadful; as, a beast of
portentous size. Roscommon. -- Por*tent"ous*ly, adv. --
Por*tent"ous*ness, n.
Porter
Por"ter (?), n. [F. portier, L. portarius, from porta a gate, door.
See Port a gate.] A man who has charge of a door or gate; a
doorkeeper; one who waits at the door to receive messages. Shak.
To him the porter openeth. John x. 3.
Porter
Por"ter, n. [F. porteur, fr. porter to carry, L. portare. See Port to
carry.]
1. A carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage, etc.; for
hire.
2. (Forging) A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is
made; esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is
attached, and by means of which the forging is lifted and handled is
hammering and heating; -- called also porter bar.
3. A malt liquor, of a dark color and moderately bitter taste,
possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities.
NOTE: &hand; Po rter is sa id to be so called as having been first
used chiefly by the London porters, and this application of the
word is supposed to be not older than 1750.
Porterage
Por"ter*age (?), n.
1. The work of a porter; the occupation of a carrier or of a
doorkeeper.
2. Money charged or paid for the carriage of burdens or parcels by a
porter.
Porteress
Por"ter*ess, n. See Portress.
Porterhouse
Por"ter*house, n. A house where porter is sold. Porterhouse steak, a
steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the upper and under part.
Portesse
Por"tesse (?), n. See Porteass. [Obs.] Tyndale.
Portfire
Port"fire` (?), n. A case of strong paper filled with a composition of
niter, sulphur, and mealed powder, -- used principally to ignite the
priming in proving guns, and as an incendiary material in shells.
Portfolio
Port*fol"io (?), n. [F. portefeuille; porter to carry + feuille a
leaf. See Port to carry, and Folio.]
1. A portable case for holding loose papers, prints, drawings, etc.
2. Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of
the cabinet; as, to receive the portfolio of war; to resign the
portfolio.
Portglave
Port"glave (?), n. [F. porte-glaive; porter to carry + glaive a
sword.] A sword bearer. [Obs.]
Portgreve, Portgrave
Port"greve` (?), Port"grave` (?),[AS. portger\'c7fa; port a harbor +
ger\'c7fa a reeve or sheriff. See Reeve a steward, and cf. Portreeve.]
In old English law, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime town.;
a portreeve. [Obs.] Fabyan.
Porthole
Port"hole` (?), n. (Naut.) An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d Port.
Porthook
Port"hook` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the iron hooks to which the port
hinges are attached. J. Knowles.
Porthors
Port"hors` (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Portico
Por"ti*co, n.; pl. Porticoes (#) or Porticos. [It., L. porticus. See
Porch.] (Arch.) A colonnade or covered ambulatory, especially in
classical styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance
of a building.
Porticoed
Por"ti*coed (?), a. Furnished with a portico.
Porti\'8are
Por`ti\'8are"" (?), n. [F., fr. porte gate, door. See Port a gate.] A
curtain hanging across a doorway.
Portigue
Por"ti*gue (?), n. See Portague. Beau. & Fl.
Portingal
Por"tin*gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Portugal; Portuguese. [Obs.]
-- n. A Portuguese. [Obs.]
Portion
Por"tion (?), n. [F., from L. portio, akin to pars, partis, a part.
See Part, n.]
1. That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a
separated part of anything.
2. A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or
separated from the whole.
These are parts of his ways; but how little a portion is heard of
him! Job xxvi. 14.
Portions and parcels of the dreadful past. Tennyson.
3. A part assigned; allotment; share; fate.
The lord of that servant . . . will appoint him his portion with
the unbelievers. Luke xii. 46.
Man's portion is to die and rise again. Keble.
4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to
him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate; an
inheritance.
Give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. Luke xv. 12.
5. A wife's fortune; a dowry. Shak. Syn. -- Division; share; parcel;
quantity; allotment; dividend. -- Portion, Part. Part is generic,
having a simple reference to some whole. Portion has the additional
idea of such a division as bears reference to an individual, or is
allotted to some object; as, a portion of one's time; a portion of
Scripture.
Portion
Por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Portioning.]
1. To separate or divide into portions or shares; to parcel; to
distribute.
And portion to his tribes the wide domain. Pope.
2. To endow with a portion or inheritance.
Him portioned maids, apprenticed orphans, blest. Pope.
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Portioner
Por"tion*er (?), n.
1. One who portions.
2. (Eccl.) See Portionist, 2.
Portionist
Por"tion*ist (?), n.
1. A scholar at Merton College, Oxford, who has a certain academical
allowance or portion; -- corrupted into postmaster. Shipley.
2. (Eccl.) One of the incumbents of a benefice which has two or more
rectors or vicars.
Portionless
Por"tion*less, a. Having no portion.
Portise
Por"tise (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.]
Portland cement
Port"land ce*ment" (?). A cement having the color of the Portland
stone of England, made by calcining an artificial mixture of carbonate
of lime and clay, or sometimes certain natural limestones or chalky
clays. It contains a large proportion of clay, and hardens under
water.
Portland stone
Port"land stone" (?). A yellowish-white calcareous freestone from the
Isle of Portland in England, much used in building.
Portland vase
Port"land vase` (?). A celebrated cinerary urn or vase found in the
tomb of the Emperor Alexander Severus. It is owned by the Duke of
Portland, and kept in the British Museum.
Portlast
Port"last (?), n. (Naut.) The portoise. See Portoise.
Portliness
Port"li*ness (?), n.
1. The quality or state of being portly; dignity of mien or of
personal appearance; stateliness.
Such pride is praise; such portliness is honor. Spenser.
2. Bulkiness; corpulence.
Portly
Port"ly, a. [From Port demeanor.]
1. Having a dignified port or mien; of a noble appearance; imposing.
2. Bulky; corpulent. "A portly personage." Dickens.
Portman
Port"man (?), n.; pl. Portmen (. An inhabitant or burgess of a port,
esp. of one of the Cinque Ports.
Portmanteau
Port*man"teau (?), n.; pl. Portmanteaus (#). [F. porte-manteau; porter
to carry + manteau a cloak, mantle. See Port to carry, and Mantle.] A
bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc.,
on journeys. Thackeray.
Portmantle
Port*man"tle (?), n. A portmanteau. [Obs.]
Portmote
Port"mote` (?), n. In old English law, a court, or mote, held in a
port town. [Obs.] Blackstone.
Portoir
Por"toir (?), n. [OF., fr. porter to bear.] One who, or that which,
bears; hence, one who, or that which, produces. [Obs.]
Branches . . . which were portoirs, and bare grapes. Holland.
Portoise
Por"toise (?), n. [Perhaps fr. OF. porteis portative, portable.]
(Naut.) The gunwale of a ship. To lower the yards a-portoise, to lower
them to the gunwale. -- To ride a portoise, to ride an anchor with the
lower yards and topmasts struck or lowered, as in a gale of wind.
Portos
Por"tos (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.]
Portpane
Port"pane (?), n. [From L. portare to carry + panis bread; prob.
through French.] A cloth for carrying bread, so as not to touch it
with the hands. [Obs.]
Portrait
Por"trait (?), n. [F., originally p. p. of portraire to portray. See
Portray.]
1. The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; commonly, a
representation of the human face painted from real life.
In portraits, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists
more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every
feature. Sir J. Reynolds.
NOTE: &hand; The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to
include a photographic likeness.
2. Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a person;
as, a portrait in words.
Portrait bust, OR Portrait statue, a bust or statue representing the
actual features or person of an individual; -- in distinction from an
ideal bust or statue.
Portrait
Por"trait, v. t. To portray; to draw. [Obs.] Spenser.
Portraitist
Por"trait*ist, n. A portrait painter. [R.] Hamerton.
Portraiture
Por"trai*ture (?; 135), n. [F. portraiture.]
1. A portrait; a likeness; a painted resemblance; hence, that which is
copied from some example or model.
For, by the image of my cause, I see The portraiture of his. Shak.
Divinity maketh the love of ourselves the pattern; the love of our
neighbors but the portraiture. Bacon.
2. Pictures, collectively; painting. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. The art or practice of making portraits. Walpole.
Portraiture
Por"trai*ture, v. t. To represent by a portrait, or as by a portrait;
to portray. [R.] Shaftesbury.
Portray
Por*tray" (?), v. t. [Written also pourtray.] [imp. & p. p. portrayed
(; p. pr. & vb. n. Portraying.] [OE. pourtraien, OF. portraire,
pourtraire, F. portraire, fr. L. protrahere, protractum, to draw or
drag forth; pro forward, forth + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t.,
and cf. Protract.]
1. To paint or draw the likeness of; as, to portray a king on
horseback.
Take a tile, and lay it before thee, and portray upon it the city,
even Jerusalem. Ezek. iv. 1.
2. Hence, figuratively, to describe in words.
3. To adorn with pictures. [R.]
Spear and helmets thronged, and shields Various with boastful
arguments potrayed. Milton.
Portrayal
Por*tray"al (?), n. The act or process of portraying; description;
delineation.
Portrayer
Por*tray"er (?), n. One who portrays. Chaucer.
Portreeve
Port"reeve` (?), n. A port warden.
Portress
Por"tress (?), n. A female porter. Milton.
Port-royalist
Port-roy"al*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the dwellers in the
Cistercian convent of Port Royal des Champs, near Paris, when it was
the home of the Jansenists in the 17th century, among them being
Arnauld, Pascal, and other famous scholars. Cf. Jansenist.
Portsale
Port"sale` (?), n. [Port gate + sale.] Public or open sale; auction.
[Obs.] Holland.
Portuary
Por"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [Cf. Portass.] (R. C. Ch.) A breviary. [Eng.]
Portuguese
Por"tu*guese (?), a. [Cf. F. portugais, Sp. portugues, Pg. portuguez.]
Of or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A
native or inhabitant of Portugal; people of Portugal. Portuguese
man-of-war. (Zo\'94l.) See Physalia.
Portulaca
Por`tu*la"ca (?), n. [L., purslane.] (Bot.) A genus of polypetalous
plants; also, any plant of the genus.
NOTE: &hand; Po rtulaca ol eracea is th e co mmon pu rslane. P.
grandiflora is a South American herb, widely cultivated for its
showy crimson, scarlet, yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms.
Portulacaceous
Por`tu*la*ca"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
of plants (Portulacace\'91), of which Portulaca is the type, and which
includes also the spring beauty (Claytonia) and other genera.
Porwigle
Por"wi`gle (?), n. See Polliwig.
Pory
Por"y (?), a. Porous; as, pory stone. [R.] Dryden.
Pos\'82
Po`s\'82" (?), a. [F., placed, posed.] (Her.) Standing still, with all
the feet on the ground; -- said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or
other beast.
Pose
Pose (?), n. [AS. gepose; of uncertain origin; cf. W. pas a cough,
Skr. k\'bes to cough, and E. wheeze.] A cold in the head; catarrh.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Pose
Pose (?), n. [F. pose, fr. poser. See Pose, v. t.] The attitude or
position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the
body; especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect;
an artificial position; as, the pose of an actor; the pose of an
artist's model or of a statue.
Pose
Pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Posing.] [F.
poser to place, to put, L. pausare to pause, in LL. also, to place,
put, fr. L. pausa a pause, Gr. few. In compounds, this word appears
corresponding to L. ponere to put, place, the substitution in French
having been probably due to confusion of this word with L. positio
position, fr. ponere. See Few, and cf. Appose, Dispose, Oppose, Pause,
Repose, Position.] To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the
sake of effect; to arrange the posture and drapery of (a person) in a
studied manner; as, to pose a model for a picture; to pose a sitter
for a portrait.
Pose
Pose, v. i. To assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied
arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize;
figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; as, she poses
as a prude.
He . . . posed before her as a hero. Thackeray.
Pose
Pose, v. t. [Shortened from appose, for oppose. See 2d Appose,
Oppose.]
1. To interrogate; to question. [Obs.] "She . . . posed him and sifted
him." Bacon.
2. To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or
scrutiny; to bring to a stand.
A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose and puzzle
him. Barrow.
Posed
Posed (?), a. Firm; determined; fixed. "A most posed . . . and grave
behavior." [Obs.] Urquhart.
Poser
Pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or
inexplicable question or fact. Bacon.
Posied
Po"sied (?), a. Inscribed with a posy.
In poised lockets bribe the fair. Gay.
Posingly
Pos"ing*ly (?), adv. So as to pose or puzzle.
Posit
Pos"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posited; p. pr. & vb. n. Positing.]
[L. ponere, positum, to place. See Position.]
1. To dispose or set firmly or fixedly; to place or dispose in
relation to other objects. Sir M. Hale.
2. (Logic) To assume as real or conceded; as, to posit a principle.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Position
Po*si"tion (?), n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to
put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in
comp. (akin to Gr. sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See Site, and
cf. Composite, Compound, v., Depone, Deposit, Expound, Impostor,
Opposite, Propound, Pose, v., Posit, Post, n.]
1. The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which anything
is placed; attitude; condition; as, a firm, an inclined, or an upright
position.
We have different prospects of the same thing, according to our
different positions to it. Locke.
2. The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site;
place; station; situation; as, the position of man in creation; the
fleet changed its position.
3. Hence: The ground which any one takes in an argument or
controversy; the point of view from which any one proceeds to a
discussion; also, a principle laid down as the basis of reasoning; a
proposition; a thesis; as, to define one's position; to appear in a
false position.
Let not the proof of any position depend on the positions that
follow, but always on those which go before. I. Watts.
4. Relative place or standing; social or official rank; as, a person
of position; hence, office; post; as, to lose one's position.
5. (Arith.) A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions;
-- called also the rule of trial and error.
Angle of position (Astron.), the angle which any line (as that joining
two stars) makes with another fixed line, specifically with a circle
of declination. -- Double position (Arith.), the method of solving
problems by proceeding with each of two assumed numbers, according to
the conditions of the problem, and by comparing the difference of the
results with those of the numbers, deducing the correction to be
applied to one of them to obtain the true result. -- Guns of position
(Mil.), heavy fieldpieces, not designed for quick movements. --
Position finder (Mil.), a range finder. See under Range. -- Position
micrometer, a micrometer applied to the tube of an astronomical
telescope for measuring angles of position in the field of view. --
Single position (Arith.), the method of solving problems, in which the
result obtained by operating with an assumed number is to the true
result as the number assumed is to the number required. -- Strategic
position (Mil.), a position taken up by an army or a large detachment
of troops for the purpose of checking or observing an opposing force.
Syn. -- Situation; station; place; condition; attitude; posture;
proposition; assertion; thesis.
Position
Po*si"tion (?), v. t. To indicate the position of; to place. [R.]
Encyc. Brit.
Positional
Po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to position.
Ascribing unto plants positional operations. Sir T. Browne.
Positive
Pos"i*tive (?), a. [OE. positif, F. positif, L. positivus. See
Position.]
1. Having a real position, existence, or energy; existing in fact;
real; actual; -- opposed to negative. "Positive good." Bacon.
2. Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing
circumstances or relations; absolute; -- opposed to relative; as, the
idea of beauty is not positive, but depends on the different tastes
individuals.
3. Definitely laid down; explicitly stated; clearly expressed; --
opposed to implied; as, a positive declaration or promise.
Positive words, that he would not bear arms against King Edward's
son. Bacon.
4. Hence: Not admitting of any doubt, condition, qualification, or
discretion; not dependent on circumstances or probabilities; not
speculative; compelling assent or obedience; peremptory; indisputable;
decisive; as, positive instructions; positive truth; positive proof.
"'T is positive 'gainst all exceptions." Shak.
5. Prescribed by express enactment or institution; settled by
arbitrary appointment; said of laws.
In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is
positive, not so. Hooker.
6. Fully assured; confident; certain; sometimes, overconfident;
dogmatic; overbearing; -- said of persons.
Some positive, persisting fops we know, That, if once wrong, will
needs be always. Pope.
7. Having the power of direct action or influence; as, a positive
voice in legislation. Swift.
8. (Photog.) Corresponding with the original in respect to the
position of lights and shades, instead of having the lights and shades
reversed; as, a positive picture.
9. (Chem.) (a) Electro-positive. (b) Hence, basic; metallic; not acid;
-- opposed to negative, and said of metals, bases, and basic radicals.
Positive crystals (Opt.), a doubly refracting crystal in which the
index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the
ordinary ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the
latter, as quartz and ice; -- opposed to negative crystal, or one in
which this characteristic is reversed, as Iceland spar, tourmaline,
etc. -- Positive degree (Gram.), that state of an adjective or adverb
which denotes simple quality, without comparison or relation to
increase or diminution; as, wise, noble. -- Positive electricity
(Elec), the kind of electricity which is developed when glass is
rubbed with silk, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery
attached to the plate that is not attacked by the exciting liquid; --
formerly called vitreous electricity; -- opposed to negative
electricity. -- Positive eyepiece. See under Eyepiece. -- Positive
law. See Municipal law, under Law. -- Positive motion (Mach.), motion
which is derived from a driver through unyielding intermediate pieces,
or by direct contact, and not through elastic connections, nor by
means of friction, gravity, etc.; definite motion. -- Positive
philosophy. See Positivism. -- Positive pole. (a) (Elec.) The pole of
a battery or pile which yields positive or vitreous electricity; --
opposed to negative pole. (b) (Magnetism) The north pole. [R.] --
Positive quantity (Alg.), an affirmative quantity, or one affected by
the sign plus [+]. -- Positive rotation (Mech.), left-handed rotation.
-- Positive sign (Math.), the sign [+] denoting plus, or more, or
addition.
Positive
Pos"i*tive, n.
1. That which is capable of being affirmed; reality. South.
2. That which settles by absolute appointment.
3. (Gram.) The positive degree or form.
4. (Photog.) A picture in which the lights and shades correspond in
position with those of the original, instead of being reversed, as in
a negative. R. Hunt.
5. (Elec.) The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.
Positively
Pos"i*tive*ly, adv. In a positive manner; absolutely; really;
expressly; with certainty; indubitably; peremptorily; dogmatically; --
opposed to negatively.
Good and evil which is removed may be esteemed good or evil
comparatively, and positively simply. Bacon.
Give me some breath, some little pause, my lord, Before I
positively speak herein. Shak.
I would ask . . . whether . . . the divine law does not positively
require humility and meekness. Sprat.
Positively charged OR electrified (Elec.), having a charge of positive
electricity; -- opposed to negatively electrified.
Positiveness
Pos"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being positive; reality;
actualness; certainty; confidence; peremptoriness; dogmatism. See
Positive, a.
Positiveness, pedantry, and ill manners. Swift.
The positiveness of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of
the will and in the executed act too; the positiveness of sins of
omission is in the habitude of the will only. Norris.
Positivism
Pos"i*tiv*ism (?), n. A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste
Comte, which deals only with positives. It excludes from philosophy
everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things,
together with their invariable relations of coexistence and
succession, as occurring in time and space. Such relations are
denominated laws, which are to be discovered by observation,
experiment, and comparison. This philosophy holds all inquiry into
causes, both efficient and final, to be useless and unprofitable.
Positivist
Pos"i*tiv*ist, n. A believer in positivism. -- a. Relating to
positivism.
Positivity
Pos`i*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Positiveness. J. Morley.
Positure
Pos"i*ture (?; 135), n. See Posture. [Obs.]
Posnet
Pos"net (?), n. [OF. po\'87onet, dim. of po\'87on a pot, a vessel.] A
little basin; a porringer; a skillet.
Posologic, Posological
Pos`o*log"ic (?), Pos`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. posologique.]
Pertaining to posology.
Posology
Po*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. posologie.] (Med.) The science
or doctrine of doses; dosology.
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Pospolite
Pos"po*lite (?), n. [Pol. pospolite ruszenie a general summons to
arms, an arriere-ban; pospolity general + ruszenie a stirring.] A kind
of militia in Poland, consisting of the gentry, which, in case of
invasion, was summoned to the defense of the country.
Poss
Poss (?), v. t. [See Push.] To push; to dash; to throw. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
A cat . . . possed them [the rats] about. Piers Plowman.
Posse
Pos"se (?), n. See Posse comitatus. In posse. See In posse in the
Vocabulary.
Posse comitatus
Pos"se com`i*ta"tus (?). [L. posse to be able, to have power + LL.
comitatus a county, from comes, comitis, a count. See County, and
Power.]
1. (Law) The power of the county, or the citizens who may be summoned
by the sheriff to assist the authorities in suppressing a riot, or
executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed. Blackstone.
2. A collection of people; a throng; a rabble. [Colloq.]
NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rd comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone
used. "A whole posse of enthusiasts."
Carlyle.
As if the passion that rules were the sheriff of the place, and
came off with all the posse. Locke.
Possess
Pos*sess" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Possessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Possessing.] [L. possessus, p. p. of possidere to have, possess, from
an inseparable prep. (cf. Position) + sedere to sit. See Sit.]
1. To occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own keeping;
to have and to hold.
Houses and fields and vineyards shall be possessed again in this
land. Jer. xxxii. 15.
Yet beauty, though injurious, hath strange power, After offense
returning, to regain Love once possessed. Milton.
2. To have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master
of; to own; to have; as, to possess property, an estate, a book.
I am yours, and all that I possess. Shak.
3. To obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to
seize.
How . . . to possess the purpose they desired. Spenser.
4. To enter into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to
affect; -- said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc. "Weakness
possesseth me." Shak.
Those which were possessed with devils. Matt. iv. 24.
For ten inspired, ten thousand are possessed. Roscommon.
5. To put in possession; to make the owner or holder of property,
power, knowledge, etc.; to acquaint; to inform; -- followed by of or
with before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively.
I have possessed your grace of what I purpose. Shak.
Record a gift . . . of all he dies possessed Unto his son. Shak.
We possessed our selves of the kingdom of Naples. Addison.
To possess our minds with an habitual good intention. Addison.
Syn. -- To have; hold; occupy; control; own. -- Possess, Have. Have is
the more general word. To possess denotes to have as a property. It
usually implies more permanence or definiteness of control or
ownership than is involved in having. A man does not possess his wife
and children: they are (so to speak) part of himself. For the same
reason, we have the faculties of reason, understanding, will, sound
judgment, etc.: they are exercises of the mind, not possessions.
Possession
Pos*ses"sion (?), n. [F. possession, L. possessio.]
1. The act or state of possessing, or holding as one's own.
2. (Law) The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power
or command; actual seizin or occupancy; ownership, whether rightful or
wrongful.
NOTE: &hand; Po ssession ma y be ei ther ac tual or constructive;
actual, when a party has the immediate occupancy; constructive,
when he has only the right to such occupancy.
3. The thing possessed; that which any one occupies, owns, or
controls; in the plural, property in the aggregate; wealth; dominion;
as, foreign possessions.
When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for
he had great possessions. Matt. xix. 22.
Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession. Acts v. 1.
The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. Ob. 17.
4. The state of being possessed or controlled, as by an evil spirit,
or violent passions; madness; frenzy; as, demoniacal possession.
How long hath this possession held the man? Shak.
To give possession, to put in another's power or occupancy. -- To put
in possession. (a) To invest with ownership or occupancy; to provide
or furnish with; as, to put one in possession of facts or information.
(b) (Law) To place one in charge of property recovered in ejectment or
writ of entry. -- To take possession, to enter upon, or to bring
within one's power or occupancy. -- Writ of possession (Law), a
precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of
property recovered in ejectment or writ of entry.
Possession
Pos*ses"sion, v. t. To invest with property. [Obs.]
Possessionary
Pos*ses"sion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to possession; arising from
possession.
Possessioner
Pos*ses"sion*er (?), n.
1. A possessor; a property holder. [Obs.] "Possessioners of riches."
E. Hall.
Having been of old freemen and possessioners. Sir P. Sidney.
2. An invidious name for a member of any religious community endowed
with property in lands, buildings, etc., as contrasted with mendicant
friars. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Possessival
Pos`ses*si"val (?), a. Of or pertaining to the possessive case; as, a
possessival termination. Earle.
Possessive
Pos*sess"ive (?), a. [L. possessivus: cf. F. possessif.] Of or
pertaining to possession; having or indicating possession. Possessive
case (Eng. Gram.), the genitive case; the case of nouns and pronouns
which expresses ownership, origin, or some possessive relation of one
thing to another; as, Homer's admirers; the pear's flavor; the dog's
faithfulness. -- Possessive pronoun, a pronoun denoting ownership; as,
his name; her home; my book.
Possessive
Pos*sess"ive (?), n.
1. (Gram.) The possessive case.
2. (Gram.) A possessive pronoun, or a word in the possessive case.
Possessively
Pos*sess"ive*ly, adv. In a possessive manner.
Possessor
Pos*sess"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. possesseur.] One who possesses; one
who occupies, holds, owns, or controls; one who has actual
participation or enjoyment, generally of that which is desirable; a
proprietor. "Possessors of eternal glory." Law.
As if he had been possessor of the whole world. Sharp.
Syn. -- Owner; proprietor; master; holder; occupant.
Possessory
Pos*sess"o*ry (?), a. [L. possessorius: cf. F. possessoire.] Of or
pertaining to possession, either as a fact or a right; of the nature
of possession; as, a possessory interest; a possessory lord.
Possessory action OR suit (Law), an action to regain or obtain
possession of something. See under Petitory.
Posset
Pos"set (?), n. [W. posel curdled milk, posset.] A beverage composed
of hot milk curdled by some strong infusion, as by wine, etc., -- much
in favor formerly. "I have drugged their posset." Shak.
Posset
Pos"set, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posseted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posseting.]
1. To curdle; to turn, as milk; to coagulate; as, to posset the blood.
[Obs.] Shak.
2. To treat with possets; to pamper. [R.] "She was cosseted and
posseted." O. W. Holmes.
Possibility
Pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Possibilities (#). [F. possibilit\'82, L.
possibilitas.]
1. The quality or state of being possible; the power of happening,
being, or existing. "All possibility of error." Hooker. "Latent
possibilities of excellence." Johnson.
2. That which is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may
not happen; a contingent interest, as in real or personal estate.
South. Burrill.
Possible
Pos"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. possibilis, fr. posse to be able, to
have power; potis able, capable + esse to be. See Potent, Am, and cf.
Host a landlord.] Capable of existing or occurring, or of being
conceived or thought of; able to happen; capable of being done; not
contrary to the nature of things; -- sometimes used to express extreme
improbability; barely able to be, or to come to pass; as, possibly he
is honest, as it is possible that Judas meant no wrong.
With God all things are possible. Matt. xix. 26.
Syn. -- Practicable; likely. See Practicable.
Possibly
Pos"si*bly, adv. In a possible manner; by possible means; especially,
by extreme, remote, or improbable intervention, change, or exercise of
power; by a chance; perhaps; as, possibly he may recover.
Can we . . . possibly his love desert? Milton.
When possibly I can, I will return. Shak.
Possum
Pos"sum (?), n. [Shortened from opossum.] (Zo\'94l.) An opossum.
[Colloq. U. S.] To play possum, To act possum, to feign ignorance,
indifference or inattention, with the intent to deceive; to dissemble;
-- in allusion to the habit of the opossum, which feigns death when
attacked or alarmed.
Post-
Post- (?). [L. post behind, after; cf. Skr. pa\'87c\'bebehind,
afterwards.] A prefix signifying behind, back, after; as,
postcommissure, postdot, postscript.
Post
Post, a. [F. aposter to place in a post or position, generally for a
bad purpose.] Hired to do what is wrong; suborned. [Obs.] Sir E.
Sandys.
Post
Post, n. [AS., fr. L. postis, akin to ponere, positum, to place. See
Position, and cf. 4th Post.]
1. A piece of timber, metal, or other solid substance, fixed, or to be
fixed, firmly in an upright position, especially when intended as a
stay or support to something else; a pillar; as, a hitching post; a
fence post; the posts of a house.
They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts
and on the upper doorpost of the houses. Ex. xii. 7.
Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore, The gates
of Azza, post and massy bar. Milton.
Unto his order he was a noble post. Chaucer.
NOTE: &hand; Po st, in the sense of an upright timber or strut, is
used in composition, in such words as king-post, queen-post,
crown-post, gatepost, etc.
2. The doorpost of a victualer's shop or inn, on which were chalked
the scores of customers; hence, a score; a debt. [Obs.]
When God sends coin I will discharge your post. S. Rowlands.
From pillar to post. See under Pillar. -- Knight of the post. See
under Knight. -- Post hanger (Mach.), a bearing for a revolving shaft,
adapted to be fastened to a post. -- Post hole, a hole in the ground
to set the foot of a post in. -- Post mill, a form of windmill so
constructed that the whole fabric rests on a vertical axis firmly
fastened to the ground, and capable of being turned as the direction
of the wind varies. -- Post and stall (Coal Mining), a mode of working
in which pillars of coal are left to support the roof of the mine.
Post
Post, n. [F. poste, LL. posta station, post (where horses were kept),
properly, a fixed or set place, fem. fr. L. positus placed, p. p. of
ponere. See Position, and cf. Post a pillar.]
1. The place at which anything is stopped, placed, or fixed; a
station. Specifically: (a) A station, or one of a series of stations,
established for the refreshment and accommodation of travelers on some
recognized route; as, a stage or railway post. (b) A military station;
the place at which a soldier or a body of troops is stationed; also,
the troops at such a station. (c) The piece of ground to which a
sentinel's walk is limited.
2. A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially, one who
is employed by the government to carry letters and parcels regularly
from one place to another; a letter carrier; a postman.
In certain places there be always fresh posts, to carry that
further which is brought unto them by the other. Abp. Abbot.
I fear my Julia would not deign my lines, Receiving them from such
a worthless post. Shak.
3. An established conveyance for letters from one place or station to
another; especially, the governmental system in any country for
carrying and distributing letters and parcels; the post office; the
mail; hence, the carriage by which the mail is transported.
I send you the fair copy of the poem on dullness, which I should
not care to hazard by the common post. Pope.
4. Haste or speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier. [Obs.]
"In post he came." Shak.
5. One who has charge of a station, especially of a postal station.
[Obs.]
He held office of postmaster, or, as it was then called, post, for
several years. Palfrey.
6. A station, office, or position of service, trust, or emolument; as,
the post of duty; the post of danger.
The post of honor is a private station. Addison.
7. A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under Paper.
Post and pair, an old game at cards, in which each player a hand of
three cards. B. Jonson. -- Post bag, a mail bag. -- Post bill, a bill
of letters mailed by a postmaster. -- Post chaise, or Post coach, a
carriage usually with four wheels, for the conveyance of travelers who
travel post. Post day, a day on which the mall arrives or departs. --
Post hackney, a hired post horse. Sir H. Wotton. -- Post horn, a horn,
or trumpet, carried and blown by a carrier of the public mail, or by a
coachman. -- Post horse, a horse stationed, intended, or used for the
post. -- Post hour, hour for posting letters. Dickens. -- Post office.
(a) An office under governmental superintendence, where letters,
papers, and other mailable matter, are received and distributed; a
place appointed for attending to all business connected with the mail.
(b) The governmental system for forwarding mail matter. -- Postoffice
order. See Money order, under Money. -- Post road, OR Post route, a
road or way over which the mail is carried. -- Post town. (a) A town
in which post horses are kept. (b) A town in which a post office is
established by law. -- To ride post, to ride, as a carrier of
dispatches, from place to place; hence, to ride rapidly, with as
little delay as possible. -- To travel post, to travel, as a post
does, by relays of horses, or by keeping one carriage to which fresh
horses are attached at each stopping place.
Post
Post (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posting.]
1. To attach to a post, a wall, or other usual place of affixing
public notices; to placard; as, to post a notice; to post playbills.
NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly, a la rge po st wa s er ected be fore th e
sheriff's office, or in some public place, upon which legal notices
were displayed. This way of advertisement has not entirely gone of
use.
2. To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously;
to denounce by public proclamation; as, to post one for cowardice.
On pain of being posted to your sorrow Fail not, at four, to meet
me. Granville.
3. To enter (a name) on a list, as for service, promotion, or the
like.
4. To assign to a station; to set; to place; as, to post a sentinel.
"It might be to obtain a ship for a lieutenant, . . . or to get him
posted." De Quincey.
5. (Bookkeeping) To carry, as an account, from the journal to the
ledger; as, to post an account; to transfer, as accounts, to the
ledger.
You have not posted your books these ten years. Arbuthnot.
6. To place in the care of the post; to mail; as, to post a letter.
7. To inform; to give the news to; to make (one) acquainted with the
details of a subject; -- often with up.
Thoroughly posted up in the politics and literature of the day.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
To post off, to put off; to delay. [Obs.] "Why did I, venturously,
post off so great a business?" Baxter. -- To post over, to hurry over.
[Obs.] Fuller.
Post
Post, v. i. [Cf. OF. poster. See 4th Post.]
1. To travel with post horses; figuratively, to travel in haste. "Post
seedily to my lord your husband." Shak.
And post o'er land and ocean without rest. Milton.
2. (Man.) To rise and sink in the saddle, in accordance with the
motion of the horse, esp. in trotting. [Eng.]
Post
Post, adv. With post horses; hence, in haste; as, to travel post.
Post-abdomen
Post`-ab*do"men (?), n. [Pref. post- + abdomen.] (Zo\'94l.) That part
of a crustacean behind the cephalothorax; -- more commonly called
abdomen.
Postable
Post"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being carried by, or as by, post. [Obs.]
W. Montagu.
Postact
Post"act` (?), n. An act done afterward.
Postage
Post"age (?), n. The price established by law to be paid for the
conveyance of a letter or other mailable matter by a public post.
Postage stamp, a government stamp required to be put upon articles
sent by mail in payment of the postage, esp. an adhesive stamp issued
and sold for that purpose.
Postal
Post"al (?), a. [Cf. F. postal.] Belonging to the post office or mail
service; as, postal arrangements; postal authorities. Postal card, OR
Post card, a card sold by the government for transmission through the
mails, at a lower rate of postage than a sealed letter. The message is
written on one side of the card, and the direction on the other. --
Postal money order. See Money order, under Money. -- Postal note, an
order payable to bearer, for a sum of money (in the United States less
than five dollars under existing law), issued from one post office and
payable at another specified office. -- Postal Union, a union for
postal purposes entered into by the most important powers, or
governments, which have agreed to transport mail matter through their
several territories at a stipulated rate.
Postanal
Post*a"nal (?), a. [Pref. post- + anal.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or
posterior to, the anus.
Postaxial
Post*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + axial.] (Anat.) Situated behind
any transverse axis in the body of an animal; caudal; posterior;
especially, behind, or on the caudal or posterior (that is, ulnar or
fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb.
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Postboy
Post"boy` (?), n.
1. One who rides post horses; a position; a courier.
2. A boy who carries letters from the post.
Post-captain
Post"-cap`tain (?), n. A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared,
or was "posted," in the seniority list of the British navy, as
distinguished from a commander whose name was not so posted. The term
was also used in the United States navy; but no such commission as
post-captain was ever recognized in either service, and the term has
fallen into disuse.
Postcava
Post"ca`va (?), n.; pl. Postcav\'91 . [NL. See Post-, and Cave, n.]
(Anat.) The inferior vena cava. -- Post"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder.
Postclavicle
Post*clav"i*cle (?), n. [Pref. post- + clavicle.] (Anat.) A bone in
the pectoral girdle of many fishes projecting backward from the
clavicle. -- Post`*cla*vic"u*lar (#), a.
Postcommissure
Post*com"mis*sure (?), n. [Pref. post- + commisure.] (Anat.) A
transverse commisure in the posterior part of the roof of the third
ventricle of the brain; the posterior cerebral commisure. B. G.
Wilder.
Postcomminion
Post`com*min"ion (?), n. [Pref. post- + communion.]
1. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) The concluding portion of the
communion service.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A prayer or prayers which the priest says at Mass,
after the ablutions.
Postcornu
Post*cor"nu (?), n.; pl. Postcornua (#). [NL. See Post-, and Cornu.]
(Anat.) The posterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B.
G. Wilder.
Postdate
Post"date` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postdated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postdating.] [Pref. post- + date.]
1. To date after the real time; as, to postdate a contract, that is,
to date it later than the time when it was in fact made.
2. To affix a date to after the event.
Postdate
Post"date`, a. Made or done after the date assigned.
Of these [predictions] some were postdate; cunningly made after the
thing came to pass. Fuller.
Postdate
Post"date`, n. A date put to a bill of exchange or other paper, later
than that when it was actually made.
Postdiluvial, Postdiluvian
Post`di*lu"vi*al (?), Post`di*lu"vi*an (?), a. [Pref. post- +
diluvial, diluvian.] Being or happening after the flood in Noah's
days.
Postdiluvian
Post`di*lu"vi*an, n. One who lived after the flood.
Post-disseizin
Post"-dis*sei"zin (?), n. [Pref. post- + disseizin.] (O. Eng. Law) A
subsequent disseizin committed by one of lands which the disseizee had
before recovered of the same disseizor; a writ founded on such
subsequent disseizin, now abolished. Burrill. Tomlins.
Post-disseizor
Post`-dis*sei"zor (?), n. [Pref. post- + disseizor.] (O. Eng. Law) A
person who disseizes another of lands which the disseizee had before
recovered of the same disseizor. Blackstone.
Postea
Post"e*a (?), n. [L., after these or those (things), afterward.] (Law)
The return of the judge before whom a cause was tried, after a
verdict, of what was done in the cause, which is indorsed on the nisi
prius record. Wharton.
Postel
Pos"tel (?), n. Apostle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Postencephalon
Post`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. (Anat.) The metencephalon.
Postentry
Post"en*try (?), n. [Pref. post- + entry.]
1. A second or subsequent, at the customhouse, of goods which had been
omitted by mistake.
2. (Bookkeeping) An additional or subsequent entry.
Poster
Post"er (?), n.
1. A large bill or placard intended to be posted in public places.
2. One who posts bills; a billposter.
Poster
Post"er, n.
1. One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier. "Posters of the
sea and land." Shak.
2. A post horse. "Posters at full gallop." C. Lever.
Postterior
Post*te"ri*or (?), a. [L. posterior, compar. of posterus coming after,
from post after. See Post-.]
1. Later in time; hence, later in the order of proceeding or moving;
coming after; -- opposed to prior.
Hesiod was posterior to Homer. Broome.
2. Situated behind; hinder; -- opposed to anterior.
3. (Anat.) At or toward the caudal extremity; caudal; -- in human
anatomy often used for dorsal.
4. (Bot.) On the side next the axis of inflorescence; -- said of an
axillary flower. Gray.
Posteriority
Pos*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. post\'82riorit\'82.] The state of
being later or subsequent; as, posteriority of time, or of an event;
-- opposed to priority.
Posteriorly
Pos*te"ri*or*ly (?), adv. Subsequently in time; also, behind in
position.
Posteriors
Pos*te"ri*ors (?), n. pl. The hinder parts, as of an animal's body.
Swift.
Posterity
Pos*ter"i*ty (?), n. [L. posteritas: cf. F. post\'82rit\'82. See
Posterior.]
1. The race that proceeds from a progenitor; offspring to the furthest
generation; the aggregate number of persons who are descended from an
ancestor of a generation; descendants; -- contrasted with ancestry;
as, the posterity of Abraham.
If [the crown] should not stand in thy posterity. Shak.
2. Succeeding generations; future times. Shak.
Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. Shak.
Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. Smalridge.
Postern
Pos"tern (?), n. [OF. posterne, posterle, F. poterne, fr. L.
posterula, fr. posterus coming after. See Posterior.]
1. Originally, a back door or gate; a private entrance; hence, any
small door or gate.
He by a privy postern took his flight. Spenser.
Out at the postern, by the abbey wall. Shak.
2. (Fort.) A subterraneous passage communicating between the parade
and the main ditch, or between the ditches and the interior of the
outworks. Mahan.
Postern
Pos"tern, a. Back; being behind; private. "The postern door." Dryden.
Postero
Pos"te*ro- (posterior, back; as, postero-inferior, situated back and
below; postero-lateral, situated back and at the side.
Postexist
Post`ex*ist" (?), v. i. [Pref. post- + exist.] To exist after; to live
subsequently. [Obs. or R.]
Postexistence
Post`ex*ist"ence (?), n. Subsequent existence.
Postexistent
Post`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing or living after. [R.] "Postexistent
atoms." Cudworth.
Postfact
Post"fact` (?), a. [See Post-, and Fact.] Relating to a fact that
occurs after another.
Postfact
Post"fact`, n. A fact that occurs after another. "Confirmed upon the
postfact." Fuller.
Postfactum
Post`fac"tum (?), n. [LL.] (Rom. & Eng. Law) Same as Postfact.
Post-fine
Post"-fine` (?), n. [Pref. post- + fine.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty paid to
the king by the cognizee in a fine of lands, when the same was fully
passed; -- called also the king's silver.
Postfix
Post"fix (?), n.; pl. Postfixes (#). [Pref. post- + -fix, as in
prefix: cf. F. postfixe.] (Gram.) A letter, syllable, or word, added
to the end of another word; a suffix. Parkhurst.
Postfix
Post*fix" (?), v. t. To annex; specifically (Gram.), to add or annex,
as a letter, syllable, or word, to the end of another or principal
word; to suffix. Parkhurst.
Postfrontal
Post*fron"tal (?), a. [Pref. post- + frontal.] (Anat.) Situated behind
the frontal bone or the frontal region of the skull; -- applied
especially to a bone back of and below the frontal in many animals. --
n. A postfrontal bone.
Postfurca
Post*fur"ca (?), n.; pl. Postfurc\'91 (#). [NL., fr. post behind +
furca a fork.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the internal thoracic processes of
the sternum of an insect.
Postgeniture
Post*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. post- + L. genitura birth,
geniture.] The condition of being born after another in the same
family; -- distinguished from primogeniture. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Postglenoid
Post*gle"noid (?), a. [Pref. post- + glenoid.] (Anat.) Situated behind
the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone.
Posthaste
Post`haste" (?), n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post
or courier. Shak.
Posthaste
Post`haste, adv. With speed or expedition; as, he traveled posthaste;
to send posthaste. Shak.
Postthetomy
Post*thet"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Circumcision. Dunglison.
Posthouse
Post"house` (?), n.
1. A house established for the convenience of the post, where relays
of horses can be obtained.
2. A house for distributing the malls; a post office.
Posthume, Posthumed
Post"hume (?), Post"humed (?), a. Posthumos. [Obs.] I. Watts. Fuller.
Posthumous
Post"hu*mous (?; 277), a. [L. posthumus, postumus, properly, last;
hence, late born (applied to children born after the father's death,
or after he had made his will), superl. of posterus, posterior. See
Posterior.]
1. Born after the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of
the mother; as, a posthumous son or daughter.
2. Published after the death of the author; as, posthumous works; a
posthumous edition.
3. Being or continuing after one's death; as, a posthumous reputation.
Addison. Sir T. Browne.
Posthumously
Post"hu*mous*ly, adv. It a posthumous manner; after one's decease.
Postic
Pos"tic (?), a. [L. posticus, fr. post after, behind.] Backward.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Postticous
Post"ti*cous (?), a. [L. posticus.] (Bot.) (a) Posterior. (b) Situated
on the outer side of a filament; -- said of an extrorse anther.
Postil
Pos"til (?), n. [F. postille, apostille, LL. postilla, probably from
L. post illa (sc. verba) after those (words). Cf. Apostil.]
1. Originally, an explanatory note in the margin of the Bible, so
called because written after the text; hence, a marginal note; a
comment.
Langton also made postils upon the whole Bible. Foxe.
2. (R. C. Ch. & Luth. Ch.) A short homily or commentary on a passage
of Scripture; as, the first postils were composed by order of
Charlemagne.
Postil
Pos"til, v. t. [Cf. LL. postillare.] To write marginal or explanatory
notes on; to gloss. Bacon.
Postil
Pos"til, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Postiled (Postilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postiling or Postilling.] To write postils, or marginal notes; to
comment; to postillate.
Postiling and allegorizing on Scripture. J. H. Newman.
Postiler
Pos"til*er (?), n. [Written also postiller.] One who writers marginal
notes; one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin.
Sir T. Browne.
Postilion
Pos*til"ion (?), n. [F. postillon, It. postiglione, fr. posta post.
See Post a postman.] One who rides and guides the first pair of horses
of a coach or post chaise; also, one who rides one of the horses when
one pair only is used. [Written also postillion.]
Postillate
Pos"til*late (?), v. t. [LL. postillatus, p. p. of postillare.] To
explain by marginal notes; to postil.
Tracts . . . postillated by his own hand. C. Knight.
Postillate
Pos"til*late, v. i.
1. To write postils; to comment.
2. To preach by expounding Scripture verse by verse, in regular order.
Postillation
Pos`til*la"tion (?), n. [LL. postillatio.] The act of postillating;
exposition of Scripture in preaching.
Postillator
Pos"til*la`tor (?), n. [LL.] One who postillates; one who expounds the
Scriptures verse by verse.
Posttiller
Post"til*ler (?), n. See Postiler.
Posting
Post"ing (?), n.
1. The act of traveling post.
2. (Bookkeeping) The act of transferring an account, as from the
journal to the ledger.
Posting house, a post house.
Postliminiar
Post`li*min"i*ar (?), a. [See Postliminium.] Contrived, done, or
existing subsequently. "Postliminious after applications of them to
their purposes." South.
Postliminiary
Post`li*min"i*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, the right of
postliminium.
Postliminium, Postliminy
Post`li*min"i*um (?), Post*lim"i*ny (?), n. [L. postliminium, post
after + limen, liminis, a threshold.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) The return to his own country, and his former
privileges, of a person who had gone to sojourn in a foreign country,
or had been banished, or taken by an enemy. Burrill.
2. (Internat. Law) The right by virtue of which persons and things
taken by an enemy in war are restored to their former state when
coming again under the power of the nation to which they belonged.
Kent.
Postlude
Post"lude (?), n. [Pref. post- + -lude, as in prelude.] (Med.) A
voluntary at the end of a service.
Postman
Post"man (?), n.; pl. Postmen (.
1. A post or courier; a letter carrier.
2. (Eng. Law) One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court
of Exchequer, who have precedence in motions; -- so called from the
place where he sits. The other of the two is called the tubman.
Whishaw.
Postmark
Post"mark` (?), n. The mark, or stamp, of a post office on a letter,
giving the place and date of mailing or of arrival.
Postmark
Post"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postmarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Postmarking.] To mark with a post-office stamp; as, to postmark a
letter or parcel.
Postmaster
Post"mas`ter (?), n.
1. One who has charge of a station for the accommodation of travelers;
one who supplies post horses.
2. One who has charge of a post office, and the distribution and
forwarding of mails.
Postmaster-general
Post"mas`ter-gen"er*al (?), n.; pl. Postmasters-general. The chief
officer of the post-office department of a government. In the United
States the postmaster-general is a member of the cabinet.
Postmastership
Post"mas`ter*ship, n. The office of postmaster.
Postmeridian
Post`me*rid"i*an (?), a. [L. postmeridianus; post after + meridianus.
See Meridian.]
1. Coming after the sun has passed the meridian; being in, or
belonging to, the afternoon. (Abbrev. P. M.)
2. Fig., belonging to the after portion of life; late. [R.]
Post-mortem
Post-mor"tem (?), a. [L., after death.] After death; as, post-mortem
rigidity. Post-mortem examination (Med.), an examination of the body
made after the death of the patient; an autopsy.<-- also, simply
post-mortem.; (Fig.) any inquiry after the failure of an enterprise to
determine the casue of failure -->
Postnares
Post*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Post-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The
posterior nares. See Nares.
Postnatal
Post*na"tal (?), a. [Pref. post- + natal.] After birth; subsequent to
birth; as, postnatal infanticide; postnatal diseases.
Postnate
Post"nate (?), a. [LL. postnatus second or subsequently born; L. post
after + natus born.] Subsequent. "The graces and gifts of the spirit
are postnate." [Archaic] Jer. Taylor.
Post note
Post" note` (?). (Com.) A note issued by a bank, payable at some
future specified time, as distinguished from a note payable on demand.
Burrill.
Postnuptial
Post*nup"tial (?), a. [Pref. post- + nuptial.] Being or happening
after marriage; as, a postnuptial settlement on a wife. Kent.
Post-obit, n., OR Post-obit bond
Post-o"bit (?), n., OR Post-o"bit bond`. [Pref. post- + obit.] (Law) A
bond in which the obligor, in consideration of having received a
certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, on unusual
interest, on the death of some specified individual from whom he has
expectations. Bouvier.
Postoblongata
Post*ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The
posterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.
Postocular
Post*oc"u*lar (?), a. & n. [Pref. post- + ocular.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Postorbital.
Post office
Post" of`fice (?), n. See under 4th Post.
Postoral
Post*o"ral (?), a. [Pref. post- + oral.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or
posterior to, the mouth.
Postorbital
Post*or"bit*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + orbital.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.)
Situated behind the orbit; as, the postorbital scales of some fishes
and reptiles. -- n. A postorbital bone or scale.
Postpaid
Post"paid` (?), a. Having the postage prepaid, as a letter.
Postpalatine
Post*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pref. post- + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated
behind the palate, or behind the palatine bones.
Postpliocene
Post*pli"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) [Pref. post- + pliocene.] Of or
pertaining to the period immediately following the Pliocene;
Pleistocene. Also used as a noun. See Quaternary.
Postpone
Post*pone" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postponed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Postponing.] [L. postponere, postpositum; post after + ponere to
place, put. See Post-, and Position.]
1. To defer to a future or later time; to put off; also, to cause to
be deferred or put off; to delay; to adjourn; as, to postpone the
consideration of a bill to the following day, or indefinitely.
His praise postponed, and never to be paid. Cowper.
2. To place after, behind, or below something, in respect to
precedence, preference, value, or importance.
All other considerations should give way and be postponed to this.
Locke.
Syn. -- To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate.
Postponement
Post*pone"ment (?), n. The act of postponing; a deferring, or putting
off, to a future time; a temporary delay. Macaulay.
Postponence
Post*pon"ence (?), n. [From L. postponens, p. pr.] The act of
postponing, in sense 2. [Obs.] Johnson.
Postponer
Post*pon"er (?), n. One who postpones.
Postpose
Post*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Postposing.] [F. postposer. See Post-, and Pose, v. t.] To postpone.
[Obs.] Fuller.
Postposit
Post*pos"it (?), v. t. [L. postpositus, p. p. See Postpone.] To
postpone. [Obs.] Feltham.
Postposition
Post`po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. postposition. See Postpone.]
1. The act of placing after, or the state of being placed after. "The
postposition of the nominative case to the verb." Mede.
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2. A word or particle placed after, or at the end of, another word; --
distinguished from preposition.
Postpositional
Post`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to postposition.
Postpositive
Post*pos"i*tive (?), a. [See Postpone.] Placed after another word; as,
a postpositive conjunction; a postpositive letter. --
Post*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.
Postprandial
Post*pran"di*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + prandial.] Happening, or done,
after dinner; after-dinner; as, postprandial speeches.
Postremogeniture
Pos*tre`mo*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [L. postremus last + genitura
birth, geniture.] The right of the youngest born. Mozley & W.
Postremote
Post`re*mote" (?), a. [Pref. post- + remote.] More remote in
subsequent time or order.
Postrider
Post"rid`er (?), n. One who rides over a post road to carry the mails.
Bancroft.
Postscapula
Post*scap"u*la (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scapula.] (Anat.) The part
of the scapula behind or below the spine, or mesoscapula.
Postscapular
Post*scap"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the postscapula;
infraspinous.
Postscenium
Post*sce"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr. post + scena a scene.] The part of a
theater behind the scenes; the back part of the stage of a theater.
Postscribe
Post*scribe" (?), v. t. [L. postscribere. See Postscript.] To make a
postscript. [R.] T. Adams.
Postscript
Post"script (?), n. [L. postscriptus, (assumed) p. p. of postscribere
to write after; post after + scribere to write: cf. F. postscriptum.
See Post-, and Scribe.] A paragraph added to a letter after it is
concluded and signed by the writer; an addition made to a book or
composition after the main body of the work has been finished,
containing something omitted, or something new occurring to the
writer. [Abbrev. P. S.]
Postscripted
Post"script*ed, a. Having a postscript; added in a postscript. [R.] J.
Q. Adams.
Postscutellum
Post`scu*tel"lum (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scutellum.] (Zo\'94l.)
The hindermost dorsal piece of a thoracic somite of an insect; the
plate behind the scutellum.
Postsphenoid
Post*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. post- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone.
Post-temporal
Post-tem"po*ral (?), a. [Pref. post- + temporal.] (Anat.) Situated
back of the temporal bone or the temporal region of the skull; --
applied especially to a bone which usually connects the supraclavicle
with the skull in the pectoral arch of fishes. -- n. A post-temporal
bone.
Posttertiary
Post*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. post- + tertiary.] (Geol.) Following,
or more recent than, the Tertiary; Quaternary.
Post-tragus
Post"-tra`gus (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Tragus.] (Anat.) A ridge
within and behind the tragus in the ear of some animals.
Post-tympanic
Post`-tym*pan"ic (?), a. [Pref. post- + tympanic.] (Anat.) Situated
behind the tympanum, or in the skull, behind the auditory meatus.
Postulant
Pos"tu*lant (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. postulans, p. pr. of postulare.
See Postulate.] One who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate.
Postulate
Pos"tu*late (?), n. [L. postulatum a demand, request, prop. p. p. of
postulare to demand, prob. a dim. of poscere to demand, prob. for
porcscere; akin to G. forschen to search, investigate, Skr. prach to
ask, and L. precari to pray: cf. F. postulat. See Pray.]
1. Something demanded or asserted; especially, a position or
supposition assumed without proof, or one which is considered as
self-evident; a truth to which assent may be demanded or challenged,
without argument or evidence.
2. (Geom.) The enunciation of a self-evident problem, in distinction
from an axiom, which is the enunciation of a self-evident theorem.
The distinction between a postulate and an axiom lies in this, --
that the latter is admitted to be self-evident, while the former
may be agreed upon between two reasoners, and admitted by both, but
not as proposition which it would be impossible to deny. Eng. Cyc.
Postulate
Pos"tu*late, a. Postulated. [Obs.] Hudibras.
Postulate
Pos"tu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Postulating.]
1. To beg, or assume without proof; as, to postulate conclusions.
2. To take without express consent; to assume.
The Byzantine emperors appear to have . . . postulated a sort of
paramount supremacy over this nation. W. Tooke.
3. To invite earnestly; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.
Postulated
Pos"tu*la`ted (?), a. Assumed without proof; as, a postulated
inference. Sir T. Browne.
Postulation
Pos`tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. postulatio: cf. F. postulation.] The act of
postulating, or that which is postulated; assumption; solicitation;
suit; cause.
Postulatory
Pos"tu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. postulatorius.] Of the nature of a
postulate. Sir T. Browne.
Postulatum
Pos`tu*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Postulata (#). [L. See Postulate, n.] A
postulate. Addison.
Postumous
Pos"tu*mous (?), a. See Posthumous. [R.]
Postural
Pos"tur*al (?; 135), a. Of or pertaining to posture.
Posture
Pos"ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. positura, fr. ponere, positum, to
place. See Position.]
1. The position of the body; the situation or disposition of the
several parts of the body with respect to each other, or for a
particular purpose; especially (Fine Arts), the position of a figure
with regard to the several principal members by which action is
expressed; attitude.
Atalanta, the posture of whose limbs was so lively expressed . . .
one would have sworn the very picture had run. Sir P. Sidney.
In most strange postures We have seen him set himself. Shak.
The posture of a poetic figure is a description of his heroes in
the performance of such or such an action. Dryden.
2. Place; position; situation. [Obs.] Milton.
His [man's] noblest posture and station in this world. Sir M. Hale.
3. State or condition, whether of external circumstances, or of
internal feeling and will; disposition; mood; as, a posture of
defense; the posture of affairs.
The several postures of his devout soul. Atterbury.
Syn. -- Attitude; position. See Attitude.
Posture
Pos"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Posturing.] To place in a particular position or attitude; to dispose
the parts of, with reference to a particular purpose; as, to posture
one's self; to posture a model. Howell.
Posture
Pos"ture, v. i.
1. To assume a particular posture or attitude; to contort the body
into artificial attitudes, as an acrobat or contortionist; also, to
pose.
2. Fig.: To assume a character; as, to posture as a saint.
Posturer
Pos`tur*er (?), n. One who postures.
Postzygapophysis
Post*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Postzygapophyses (#). [NL. See
Post-, and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) A posterior zygapophysis.
Posy
Po"sy (?), n.; pl. Posies (#). [Contr. fr. poesy.]
1. A brief poetical sentiment; hence, any brief sentiment, motto, or
legend; especially, one inscribed on a ring. "The posy of a ring."
Shak.
2. [Probably so called from the use of flowers as having an
enigmatical significance. Wedgwood.] A flower; a bouquet; a nosegay.
"Bridegroom's posies." Spenser.
We make a difference between suffering thistles to grow among us,
and wearing them for posies. Swift.
Pot
Pot (?), n. [Akin to LG. pott, D. pot, Dan. potte, Sw. potta, Icel.
pottr, F. pot; of unknown origin.]
1. A metallic or earthen vessel, appropriated to any of a great
variety of uses, as for boiling meat or vegetables, for holding
liquids, for plants, etc.; as, a quart pot; a flower pot; a bean pot.
2. An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug.
3. The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; as, a pot of ale. "Give
her a pot and a cake." De Foe.
4. A metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a
chimney; a chimney pot.
5. A crucible; as, a graphite pot; a melting pot.
6. A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc.
7. A perforated cask for draining sugar. Knight.
8. A size of paper. See Pott.
Jack pot. See under 2d Jack. -- Pot cheese, cottage cheese. See under
Cottage. -- Pot companion, a companion in drinking. -- Pot hanger, a
pothook. -- Pot herb, any plant, the leaves or stems of which are
boiled for food, as spinach, lamb's-quarters, purslane, and many
others. -- Pot hunter, one who kills anything and everything that will
help to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or
for the market. -- Pot metal. (a) The metal from which iron pots are
made, different from common pig iron. (b) An alloy of copper with lead
used for making large vessels for various purposes in the arts. Ure.
(c) A kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with
the melted glass in the pot. Knight. -- Pot plant (Bot.), either of
the trees which bear the monkey-pot. -- Pot wheel (Hydraul.), a noria.
-- To go to pot, to go to destruction; to come to an end of
usefulness; to become refuse. [Colloq.] Dryden. J. G. Saxe.
Pot
Pot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potted; p. pr. & vb. n. Potting.] To place or
inclose in pots; as: (a) To preserve seasoned in pots. "Potted fowl
and fish." Dryden. (b) To set out or cover in pots; as, potted plants
or bulbs. (c) To drain; as, to pot sugar, by taking it from the
cooler, and placing it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads,
through which the molasses drains off. B. Edwards. (d) (Billiards) To
pocket.
Pot
Pot, v. i. To tipple; to drink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
It is less labor to plow than to pot it. Feltham.
Potable
Po"ta*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. potabilis, fr. potare to drink; akin to
Gr. po`tos a drinking, po`sis a drink, Skr. p\'be to drink, OIr. ibim
I drink. Cf. Poison, Bib, Imbibe.] Fit to be drunk; drinkable. "Water
fresh and potable." Bacon. -- n. A potable liquid; a beverage. "Useful
in potables." J. Philips.
Potableness
Po"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being drinkable.
Potage
Pot"age (?; 48), n. See Pottage.
Potager
Pot"a*ger (?), n. [F. fr. potage soup, porridge. See Pottage.] A
porringer. [Obs.] Grew.
Potagro
Po*tag"ro (?), n. See Potargo.
Potale
Pot"ale` (?), n. The refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten
swine.
Potamian
Po*ta"mi*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A river tortoise; one of a group
of tortoises (Potamites, or Trionychoidea) having a soft shell, webbed
feet, and a sharp beak. See Trionyx.
Potamography
Pot`a*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] An account or description of
rivers; potamology.
Potamology
Pot`a*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A scientific account or discussion
of rivers; a treatise on rivers; potamography.
Potamospongi\'91
Pot`a*mo*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
fresh-water sponges. See Spongilla.
Potance
Po"tance (?), n. [F. potence. See Potence, Potency.] (Watch Making)
The stud in which the bearing for the lower pivot of the verge is
made.
Potargo
Po*tar"go (?), n. [Cf. Botargo.] A kind of sauce or pickle. King.
Potash
Pot"ash` (?), n. [Pot + ash.] (Chem.) (a) The hydroxide of potassium
hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic
and alkaline properties; -- hence called also caustic potash. (b) The
impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as
a strong solution (lye), or as a white crystalline (pearlash).
Potashes
Pot"ash`es (?), n. pl. (Chem.) Potash. [Obs.]
Potassa
Po*tas"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. E. potash.] (Chem.) (a) Potassium oxide.
[Obs.] (b) Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash.
Potassamide
Pot`ass*am"ide (?), n. [Potassium + amide.] (Chem.) A yellowish brown
substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia.
Pottassic
Pot*tas"sic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, potassium.
Potassium
Po*tas"si*um (?), n. [NL. See Potassa, Potash.] (Chem.) An Alkali
element, occurring abundantly but always combined, as in the chloride,
sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the minerals sylvite, kainite,
orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight 39.0. Symbol K (Kalium).
NOTE: &hand; It is re duced fr om th e ca rbonate as a soft white
metal, lighter than water, which oxidizes with the greatest
readiness, and, to be preserved, must be kept under liquid
hydrocarbons, as naphtha or kerosene. Its compounds are very
important, being used in glass making, soap making, in fertilizers,
and in many drugs and chemicals.
Potassium permanganate, the salt KMnO4, crystallizing in dark red
prisms having a greenish surface color, and dissolving in water with a
beautiful purple red color; -- used as an oxidizer and disinfectant.
The name chameleon mineral is applied to this salt and also to
potassium manganate. -- Potassium bitartrate. See Cream of tartar,
under Cream.
Potassoxyl
Pot`ass*ox"yl (?), n. [Potassium + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical
KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and
other compounds.
Potation
Po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. potatio, fr. potare. See Potable.]
1. The act of drinking. Jer. Taylor.
2. A draught. "Potations pottle deep." Shak.
3. Drink; beverage. "Thin potations." Shak.
Potato
Po*ta"to (?), n.; pl. Potatoes (#). [Sp. patata potato, batata sweet
potato, from the native American name (probably batata) in Hayti.]
(Bot.) (a) A plant (Solanum tuberosum) of the Nightshade family, and
its esculent farinaceous tuber, of which there are numerous varieties
used for food. It is native of South America, but a form of the
species is found native as far north as New Mexico. (b) The sweet
potato (see below). Potato beetle, Potato bug. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beetle
(Doryphora decemlineata) which feeds, both in the larval and adult
stages, upon the leaves of the potato, often doing great damage.
Called also Colorado potato beetle, and Doryphora. See Colorado
beetle. (b) The Lema trilineata, a smaller and more slender striped
beetle which feeds upon the potato plant, bur does less injury than
the preceding species. -- Potato fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of several
species of blister beetles infesting the potato vine. The black
species (Lytta atrata), the striped (L. vittata), and the gray (L.
cinerea, OR Fabricii) are the most common. See Blister beetle, under
Blister. -- Potato rot, a disease of the tubers of the potato,
supposed to be caused by a kind of mold (Peronospora infestans), which
is first seen upon the leaves and stems. -- Potato weevil (Zo\'94l.),
an American weevil (Baridius trinotatus) whose larva lives in and
kills the stalks of potato vines, often causing serious damage to the
crop. -- Potato whisky, a strong, fiery liquor, having a hot, smoky
taste, and rich in amyl alcohol (fusel oil); it is made from potatoes
or potato starch. -- Potato worm (Zo\'94l.), the large green larva of
a sphinx, or hawk moth (Macrosila quinquemaculata); -- called also
tomato worm. See Illust. under Tomato. -- Seaside potato (Bot.),
Ipom\'d2a Pes-Capr\'91, a kind of morning-glory with rounded and
emarginate or bilobed leaves. [West Indies] -- Sweet potato (Bot.), a
climbing plant (Ipom\'d2a Balatas) allied to the morning-glory. Its
farinaceous tubers have a sweetish taste, and are used, when cooked,
for food. It is probably a native of Brazil, but is cultivated
extensively in the warmer parts of every continent, and even as far
north as New Jersey. The name potato was applied to this plant before
it was to the Solanum tuberosum, and this is the "potato" of the
Southern United States. -- Wild potato. (Bot.) (a) A vine (Ipom\'d2a
pandurata) having a pale purplish flower and an enormous root. It is
common in sandy places in the United States. (b) A similar tropical
American plant (I. fastigiata) which it is thought may have been the
original stock of the sweet potato.
Potator
Po*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] A drinker. [R.] Southey.
Potatory
Po"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. potatorius, from potare to drink.] Of or
pertaining to drinking. Ld. Lytton.
Pot-bellied
Pot"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a protuberant belly, like the bottom of a
pot.
Pot-belly
Pot"-bel`ly (?), n. A protuberant belly.
Potboiler
Pot"boil`er (?), n. A term applied derisively to any literary or
artistic work, and esp. a painting, done simply for money and the
means of living. [Cant]
Potboy
Pot"boy` (?), n. A boy who carries pots of ale, beer, etc.; a menial
in a public house.
Potch
Potch (?), v. i. [Cf. Poach to stab.] To thrust; to push. [Obs.] "I
'll potch at him some way." Shak.
Potch
Potch, v. t. See Poach, to cook. [Obs.] Wiseman.
Potcher
Potch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, potches. Potcher engine
(Paper Making), a machine in which washed rags are stirred in a
bleaching solution.
Potecary
Pot"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.]
Poteen
Po*teen" (?), n. [Cf. Ir. potaim, poitim, I drink, poitin a small
pot.] Whisky; especially, whisky illicitly distilled by the Irish
peasantry. [Written also potheen, and potteen.]
Potelot
Po"te*lot (?), n. [F.,; cf. G. pottloth black lead.] (Old Chem. &
Min.) Molybdenum sulphide.
Potence
Po"tence (?), n. [F., fr. LL. potentia staff, crutch, L., might,
power. See Potency.] Potency; capacity. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.
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Potency
Po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. potentia, from potens, -entis, potent. See
Potent, and cf. Potance, Potence, Puissance.] The quality or state of
being potent; physical or moral power; inherent strength; energy;
ability to effect a purpose; capability; efficacy; influence. "Drugs
of potency." Hawthorne.
A place of potency and away o' the state. Shak.
Potent
Po"tent (?), a. [L. potens, -entis, p. pr. of posse to be able, to
have power, fr. potis able, capable (akin to Skr. pati master, lord) +
esse to be. See Host a landlord, Am, and cf. Despot, Podesta,
Possible, Power, Puissant.]
1. Producing great physical effects; forcible; powerful' efficacious;
as, a potent medicine. "Harsh and potent injuries." Shak.
Moses once more his potent rod extends. Milton.
2. Having great authority, control, or dominion; puissant; mighty;
influential; as, a potent prince. "A potent dukedom." Shak.
Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors. Shak.
3. Powerful, in an intellectual or moral sense; having great
influence; as, potent interest; a potent argument.
Cross potent. (Her.) See Illust. (7) of Cross. Syn. -- Powerful;
mighty; puissant; strong; able; efficient; forcible; efficacious;
cogent; influential.
Potent
Po"tent, n.
1. A prince; a potentate. [Obs.] Shak.
2. [See Potence.] A staff or crutch. [Obs.]
3. (Her.) One of the furs; a surface composed of patches which are
supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately argent
and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned.
Counter potent (Her.), a fur differing from potent in the arrangement
of the patches.
Potentacy
Po"ten*ta*cy (?), n. [See Potentate.] Sovereignty. [Obs.]
Potentate
Po"ten*tate (?), n. [LL. potentatus, fr. potentare to exercise power:
cf. F. potentat. See Potent, a.] One who is potent; one who possesses
great power or sway; a prince, sovereign, or monarch.
The blessed and only potentate. 1 Tim. vi. 15.
Cherub and seraph, potentates and thrones. Milton.
Potential
Po*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. potentiel. See Potency.]
1. Being potent; endowed with energy adequate to a result;
efficacious; influential. [Obs.] "And hath in his effect a voice
potential." Shak.
2. Existing in possibility, not in actuality. "A potential hero."
Carlyle.
Potential existence means merely that the thing may be at ome time;
actual existence, that it now is. Sir W. Hamilton.
Potential cautery. See under Cautery. -- Potential energy. (Mech.) See
the Note under Energy. -- Potential mood, OR mode (Gram.), that form
of the verb which is used to express possibility, liberty, power,
will, obligation, or necessity, by the use of may, can, must, might,
could, would, or should; as, I may go; he can write.
Potential
Po*ten"tial, n.
1. Anything that may be possible; a possibility; potentially. Bacon.
2. (Math.) In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in
space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the
position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with
respect to the co\'94rdinates are equal to the components of the force
at the point considered; -- also called potential function, or force
function. It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is
directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the
distance from the center.
3. (Elec.) The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to
do work; hence, the degree of electrification as referred to some
standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force.
Potentiality
Po*ten`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being potential;
possibility, not actuality; inherent capability or disposition, not
actually exhibited.
Potentially
Po*ten"tial*ly (?), adv.
1. With power; potently. [Obs.]
2. In a potential manner; possibly, not positively.
The duration of human souls is only potentially infinite. Bentley.
Potentiate
Po*ten"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentiated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Potentiating.] To render active or potent. Coleridge.
Potentiometer
Po*ten`ti*om"e*ter (?), n. [Potential + -meter.] (Elec.) An instrument
for measuring or comparing electrial potentials or electro-motive
forces.
Potentize
Po"ten*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Potentizing.] To render the latent power of (anything) available.
Dunglison.
Potently
Po"tent*ly (?), adv. With great force or energy; powerfully;
efficaciously. "You are potently opposed." Shak.
Potentness
Po"tent*ness, n. The quality or state of being potent; powerfulness;
potency; efficacy.
Potestate
Po"tes*tate (?), n. A chief ruler; a potentate. [Obs.] Wyclif. "An
irous potestate." Chaucer.
Potestative
Po*tes"ta*tive (?), a. [L. potestativus, fr. potestas power: cf. F.
potestatif. See Potent.] Authoritative. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.
Potgun
Pot"gun` (?), n.
1. A pot-shaped cannon; a mortar. [Obs.] "Twelve potguns of brass."
Hakluyt.
2. A popgun. [Obs.] Swift.
Pothecary
Poth"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.]
Potheen
Po*theen" (?), n. See Poteen.
Pother
Poth"er (?), n. [Cf. D. peuteren to rummage, poke. Cf. Potter,
Pudder.] Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter; bother. [Written also
potter, and pudder.] "What a pother and stir!" Oldham. "Coming on with
a terrible pother." Wordsworth.
Pother
Poth"er, v. i. To make a bustle or stir; to be fussy.
Pother
Poth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pothering.]
To harass and perplex; to worry. "Pothers and wearies himself." Locke.
Pothole
Pot"hole` (?), n. A circular hole formed in the rocky beds of rivers
by the grinding action of stones or gravel whirled round by the water
in what was at first a natural depression of the rock.
Pothook
Pot"hook` (?), n.
1. An [DEL: -shaped hook on which pots and kettles are hung over an
open fire. :DEL]
2. A written character curved like a pothook; (pl.) a scrawled
writing. "I long to be spelling her Arabic scrawls and pothooks."
Dryden.
Pothouse
Pot"house` (?), n. An alehouse. T. Warton.
Potichomania, Potichomanie
Po`ti*cho*ma"ni*a (?), Po`ti*cho*ma"nie (?), n. [F. potichomanie;
potiche a porcelain vase + manie mania.] The art or process of coating
the inside of glass vessels with engravings or paintings, so as to
give them the appearance of painted ware.
Potion
Po"tion (?), n. [L. potio, from potare to drink: cf. F. potion. See
Poison.] A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid
medicine. Shak.
Potion
Po"tion (?), v. t. To drug. [Obs.] Speed.
Potlid
Pot"lid` (?), n. The lid or cover of a pot. Potlid valve, a valve
covering a round hole or the end of a pipe or pump barrel, resembling
a potlid in form.
Potluck
Pot"luck` (?), n. Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be
provided for a meal.
A woman whose potluck was always to be relied on. G. Eliot.
To take potluck, to take what food may chance to be provided.
Potman
Pot"man (?), n.; pl. Potmen (.
1. A pot companion. [Obs.] Life of A. Wood (1663).
2. A servant in a public house; a potboy.
Potoo
Po*too" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South American goatsucker
(Nyctibius grandis).
Potoroo
Po`to*roo" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any small kangaroo belonging to
Hypsiprymnus, Bettongia, and allied genera, native of Australia and
Tasmania. Called also kangaroo rat.
Potpie
Pot"pie` (?), n. A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.
Potpourri
Pot`pour`ri" (?), n. [F., fr. pot pot + pourri, p. p. of pourrir to
rot, L. putrere. Cf. Olla-podrida.] A medley or mixture. Specifically:
(a) A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc.,
cooked together. (b) A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and
spices, used to scent a room. (c) A piece of music made up of
different airs strung together; a medley. (d) A literary production
composed of parts brought together without order or bond of
connection.
Potsdam group
Pots"dam group` (. (Geol.) A subdivision of the Primordial or Cambrian
period in American geology; -- so named from the sandstone of Potsdam,
New York. See Chart of Geology.
Potshard, Potshare
Pot"shard` (?), Pot"share` (?), n. A potsherd. [Obs.] Spenser.
Potsherd
Pot"sherd` (?), n. [Pot + sherd or shard.] A piece or fragment of a
broken pot. Job ii. 8.
Potstone
Pot"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A variety of steatite sometimes manufactured
into culinary vessels.
Potsure
Pot"*sure` (?), a. Made confident by drink. [Obs.]
Pott
Pott (?), n. A size of paper. See under Paper.
Pottage
Pot"tage (?; 48), n. [F. potage, fr. pot pot. See Pot, and cf.
Porridge, Porringer.] A kind of food made by boiling vegetables or
meat, or both together, in water, until soft; a thick soup or
porridge. [Written also potage.] Chaucer.
Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils. Gen. xxv. 34.
Pottain
Pot"tain (?), n. Old pot metal. [Obs.] Holland.
Potteen
Pot*teen" (?), n. See Poteen.
Potter
Pot"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. potier.]
1. One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels. Ps. ii. 9.
The potter heard, and stopped his wheel. Longfellow.
2. One who hawks crockery or earthenware. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.
3. One who pots meats or other eatables.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The red-bellied terrapin. See Terrapin.
Potter's asthma (Med.), emphysema of the lungs; -- so called because
very prevalent among potters. Parkers. -- Potter's clay. See under
Clay. -- Potter's field, a public burial place, especially in a city,
for paupers, unknown persons, and criminals; -- so named from the
field south of Jerusalem, mentioned in Matt. xxvii. 7. -- Potter's
ore. See Alquifou. -- Potter's wheel, a horizontal revolving disk on
which the clay is molded into form with the hands or tools. "My
thoughts are whirled like a potter's wheel." Shak. Potter wasp
(Zo\'94l.), a small solitary wasp (Eumenes fraternal) which constructs
a globular nest of mud and sand in which it deposits insect larv\'91,
such as cankerworms, as food for its young.
Potter
Pot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pottering.]
[Cf. W. pwtio to poke, or OD. poteren to search one thoroughly, Sw.
p\'86ta, peta, to pick, E. pother, put.]
1. To busy one's self with trifles; to labor with little purpose,
energy, of effect; to trifle; to pother.<-- = putter. A reverse ref at
putter, but no forward ref here! -->
Pottering about the Mile End cottages. Mrs. Humphry Ward.
2. To walk lazily or idly; to saunter.
Potter
Pot"ter, v. t. To poke; to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to
bother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Pottern
Pot"tern (?), a. Of or pertaining to potters. Pottern ore, a species
of ore which, from its aptness to vitrify like the glazing of potter's
wares, the miners call by this name. Boyle.
Pottery
Pot"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Potteries (#). [F. poterie, fr. pot. See Pot.]
1. The vessels or ware made by potters; earthenware, glazed and baked.
2. The place where earthen vessels are made.
Potting
Pot"ting (?), n.
1. Tippling. [Obs.] Shak.
2. The act of placing in a pot; as, the potting of plants; the potting
of meats for preservation.
3. The process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining.
[West Indies] B. Edwards.
Pottle
Pot"tle (?), n. [OE. potel, OF. potel, dim. of pot. See Pot.]
1. A liquid measure of four pints.
2. A pot or tankard. Shak.
A dry pottle of sack before him. Sir W. Scott.
3. A vessel or small basket for holding fruit.
He had a . . . pottle of strawberries in one hand. Dickens.
Pottle draught, taking a pottle of liquor at one draught. [ Prov.
Eng.] Halliwell.
Potto
Pot"to (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A nocturnal mammal (Perodictius potto)
of the Lemur family, found in West Africa. It has rudimentary
forefingers. Called also aposoro, and bush dog. (b) The kinkajou.
Pott's disease
Pott's" dis*ease" (?). (Med.) Caries of the vertebr\'91, frequently
resulting in curvature of the spine and paralysis of the lower
extremities; -- so named from Percival Pott, an English surgeon.
Pott's fracture, a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, with
displacement of the tibia. Dunglison.
Potulent
Pot"u*lent (?), a. [L. potulentus, fr. potus a drinking, drink, fr.
potare to drink.]
1. Fit to drink; potable. [Obs.] Johnson.
2. Nearly drunk; tipsy. [Obs.]
Pot-valiant
Pot"-val`iant (?), a. Having the courage given by drink. Smollett.
Pot-walloper
Pot"-wal`lop*er (?), n.
1. A voter in certain boroughs of England, where, before the passage
of the reform bill of 1832, the qualification for suffrage was to have
boiled (walloped) his own pot in the parish for six months.
2. One who cleans pots; a scullion. [Slang, U. S.]
Pouch
Pouch (?), n. [F. poche a pocket, pouch, bag; probably of Teutonic
origin. See Poke a bag, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder.]
1. A small bag; usually, a leathern bag; as, a pouch for money; a shot
pouch; a mail pouch, etc.
2. That which is shaped like, or used as, a pouch; as: (a) A
protuberant belly; a paunch; -- so called in ridicule. (b) (Zo\'94l.)
A sac or bag for carrying food or young; as, the cheek pouches of
certain rodents, and the pouch of marsupials. (c) (Med.) A cyst or sac
containing fluid. S. Sharp. (d) (Bot.) A silicle, or short pod, as of
the shepherd's purse. (e) A bulkhead in the hold of a vessel, to
prevent grain, etc., from shifting.
Pouch mouth, a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips.
Pouch
Pouch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pouched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouching.]
1. To put or take into a pouch.
2. To swallow; -- said of fowls. Derham.
3. To pout. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
4. To pocket; to put up with. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
Pouched
Pouched (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having a marsupial pouch; as, the
pouched badger, or the wombat. (b) Having external cheek pouches; as,
the pouched gopher. (c) Having internal cheek pouches; as, the pouched
squirrels. Pouched dog. (Zo\'94l.) See Zebra wolf, under Zebra. --
Pouched frog (Zo\'94l.), the nototrema, the female of which has a
dorsal pouch in which the eggs are hatched, and in which the young
pass through their brief tadpole stage. -- Pouched gopher, OR Pouched
rat. (Zo\'94l.) See Pocket gopher, under Pocket. -- Pouched mouse.
(Zo\'94l.) See Pocket mouse, under Pocket.
Pouchet box
Pou"chet box` (?). See Pouncet box.
Pouch-mouthed
Pouch"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a pouch mouth; blobber-lipped.
Pouchong
Pou*chong" (?), n. A superior kind of souchong tea. De Colange.
Pouch-shell
Pouch"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small British and American pond
snail (Bulinus hypnorum).
Poudre
Pou"dre (?), n. [See Powder.] Dust; powder. [Obs.] Chaucer. Poudre
marchant [see Merchant], a kind of flavoring powder used in the Middle
Ages. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Poudrette
Pou*drette" (?), n. [F., dim. of poudre dust, powder. See Powder.] A
manure made from night soil, dried and mixed with charcoal, gypsum,
etc.
Poulaine
Pou*laine" (?), n. [F. soulier \'85 la poulaine.] A long pointed shoe.
See Cracowes.
Pouldavis
Poul"da`vis (?), n. Same as Poledavy. [Obs.]
Poulder
Poul"der (?), n. & v. Powder. [Obs.]
Pouldron
Poul"dron (?), n. See Pauldron.
Poulp, Poulpe
Poulp, Poulpe (?), n. [F. poulpe, fr. L. polypus. See Polyp.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Octopus. Musk poulp (Zo\'94l.), a Mediterranean
octopod (Eledone moschata) which emits a strong odor of musk.
Poult
Poult (?), n. [OF. pulte, F. poulet, dim. of poule fowl. See Pullet.]
A young chicken, partridge, grouse, or the like. King. Chapman.
Starling the heath poults or black game. R. Jefferise.
Poulter
Poul"ter (?), n. [OE. pulter. See Poult.] A poulterer. [Obs.] Shak.
Poulterer
Poul"ter*er (?), n. One who deals in poultry.
Poultice
Poul"tice (?), n. [L. puls, pl. pultes, a thick pap; akin to Gr.
po`ltos. Cf. Pulse seeds.] A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a
mucilaginous substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the
body, etc.; a cataplasm. "Poultice relaxeth the pores." Bacon.
Poultice
Poul"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poulticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poulticing (?).] To apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice.
Poultive
Poul"tive (?), n. A poultice. [Obs.] W. Temple.
Poultry
Poul"try (?), n. [From Poult.] Domestic fowls reared for the table, or
for their eggs or feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys,
ducks, and geese.
Pounce
Pounce (?), n. [F. ponce pumice, pounce, fr. L. pumex, -icis, pumice.
See Pumice.]
1. A fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, -- formerly used
to prevent ink from spreading on manuscript.
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Page 1122
2. Charcoal dust, or some other colored powder for making patterns
through perforated designs, -- used by embroiderers, lace makers, etc.
Pounce box, a box for sprinkling pounce. -- Pounce paper, a
transparent paper for tracing.
Pounce
Pounce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouncing
(?).] To sprinkle or rub with pounce; as, to pounce paper, or a
pattern.
Pounce
Pounce, n. [Prob. through French, from an assumed LL. punctiare to
prick, L. pungere, punctum. See Puncheon, Punch, v. t.]
1. The claw or talon of a bird of prey. Spenser. Burke.
2. A punch or stamp. [Obs.] "A pounce to print money with." Withals.
3. Cloth worked in eyelet holes. [Obs.] Homilies.
Pounce
Pounce, v. t.
1. To strike or seize with the talons; to pierce, as with the talons.
[Archaic]
Stooped from his highest pitch to pounce a wren. Cowper.
Now pounce him lightly, And as he roars and rages, let's go deeper.
J. Fletcher.
2. To punch; to perforate; to stamp holes in, or dots on, by way of
ornament. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
Pounce
Pounce, v. i. To fall suddenly and seize with the claws; -- with on or
upon; as, a hawk pounces upon a chicken. Also used figuratively.
Derision is never so agonizing as when it pounces on the wanderings
of misguided sensibility. Jeffrey.
Pounced
Pounced (?), a.
1. Furnished with claws or talons; as, the pounced young of the eagle.
Thomson.
2. Ornamented with perforations or dots. [Obs.] "Gilt bowls pounced
and pierced." Holinshed.
Pouncet box
Poun"cet box` (?). [Cf. F. poncette, fr. ponce pounce. See Pounce a
powder.] A box with a perforated lid, for sprinkling pounce, or for
holding perfumes. Shak.
Pouncing
Poun"cing (?), n.
1. The art or practice of transferring a design by means of pounce.
2. Decorative perforation of cloth. [Obs.]
Pound
Pound (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pounding.]
[OE. pounen, AS. punian to bruise. Cf. Pun a play on words.]
1. To strike repeatedly with some heavy instrument; to beat.
With cruel blows she pounds her blubbered cheeks. Dryden.
2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine
particles with a pestle or other heavy instrument; as, to pound spice
or salt.
Pound
Pound, v. i.
1. To strike heavy blows; to beat.
2. (Mach.) To make a jarring noise, as in running; as, the engine
pounds.
Pound
Pound, n. [AS. pund an inclosure: cf. forpyndan to turn away, or to
repress, also Icel. pynda to extort, torment, Ir. pont, pond, pound.
Cf. Pinder, Pinfold, Pin to inclose, Pond.]
1. An inclosure, maintained by public authority, in which cattle or
other animals are confined when taken in trespassing, or when going at
large in violation of law; a pinfold. Shak.
2. A level stretch in a canal between locks.
3. (Fishing) A kind of net, having a large inclosure with a narrow
entrance into which fish are directed by wings spreading outward.
Pound covert, a pound that is close or covered over, as a shed. --
Pound overt, a pound that is open overhead.
Pound
Pound, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a pound; to impound. Milton.
Pound
Pound, n; pl. Pounds (#), collectively Pound pr Pounds. [AS. pund, fr.
L. pondo, akin to pondus a weight, pendere top weigh. See Pendant.]
1. A certain specified weight; especially, a legal standard consisting
of an established number of ounces.
NOTE: &hand; Th e po und in general use in the United States and in
England is the pound avoirdupois, which is divided into sixteen
ounces, and contains 7,000 grains. The pound troy is divided into
twelve ounces, and contains 5,760 grains. 144 pounds avoirdupois
are equal to 175 pounds troy weight. See Avoirdupois, and Troy.
2. A British denomination of money of account, equivalent to twenty
shillings sterling, and equal in value to about $4.86. There is no
coin known by this name, but the gold sovereign is of the same value.
NOTE: &hand; Th e po und st erling wa s in Saxon times, about A. D.
671, a pound troy of silver, and a shilling was its twentieth part;
consequently the latter was three times as large as it is at
present.
Peacham.
Poundage
Pound"age (?), n.
1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid for each pound;
a commission.
2. A subsidy of twelve pence in the pound, formerly granted to the
crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, more.
[Eng.] Blackstone.
3. (Law) The sum allowed to a sheriff or other officer upon the amount
realized by an execution; -- estimated in England, and formerly in the
United States, at so much of the pound. Burrill. Bouvier.
Poundage
Pound"age, v. t. To collect, as poundage; to assess, or rate, by
poundage. [R.]
Poundage
Pound"age, n. [See 3d Pound.]
1. Confinement of cattle, or other animals, in a public pound.
2. A charge paid for the release of impounded cattle.
Poundal
Pound"al (?), n. [From 5th Pound.] (Physics & Mech.) A unit of force
based upon the pound, foot, and second, being the force which, acting
on a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes it to acquire by the of
that time a velocity of one foot per second. It is about equal to the
weight of half an ounce, and is 13,825 dynes.
Pound-breach
Pound"-breach` (?), n. The breaking of a public pound for releasing
impounded animals. Blackstone.
Poundcake
Pound"cake` (?), n. A kind of rich, sweet cake; -- so called from the
ingredients being used by pounds, or in equal quantities.
Pounder
Pound"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, pounds, as a stamp in an ore mill.
2. An instrument used for pounding; a pestle.
3. A person or thing, so called with reference to a certain number of
pounds in value, weight, capacity, etc.; as, a cannon carrying a
twelve-pound ball is called a twelve pounder.
NOTE: &hand; Be fore the English reform act of 1867, one who was an
elector by virtue of paying ten pounds rent was called a ten
pounder.
Pounding
Pound"ing (?), n.
1. The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a beating.
2. A pounded or pulverized substance. [R.] "Covered with the poundings
of these rocks." J. S. Blackie.
Pound/keeper
Pound/keep`er (?), n. The keeper of a pound.
Poundrate
Pound"*rate` (?), n. A rate or proportion estimated at a certain
amount for each pound; poundage.
Poup
Poup (?), v. i. See Powp. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Poupart's ligament
Pou*part's" lig"a*ment (?). (Anat.) A ligament, of fascia, extending,
in most mammals, from the ventral side of the ilium to near the
symphysis of the pubic bones.
Poupeton
Pou"pe*ton (?), n. [See Puppet.] A puppet, or little baby. [Obs.]
Palsgrave.
Pour
Pour (?), a. Poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pour
Pour (?), v. i. To pore. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pour
Pour (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouring.]
[OE. pouren, of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwrw to cast, throw, shed,
bwrw gwlaw to rain.]
1. To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or anything flowing like
a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as, to pour water from a
pail; to pour wine into a decanter; to pour oil upon the waters; to
pour out sand or dust.
2. To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape
freely or wholly.
I . . . have poured out my soul before the Lord. 1 Sam. i. 15.
Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee. Ezek. vii. 8.
London doth pour out her citizens ! Shak.
Wherefore did Nature pour her bounties forth With such a full and
unwithdrawing hand ? Milton.
3. To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly.
Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat ? Pope.
Pour
Pour, v. i. To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to
fall continuously and abundantly; as, the rain pours; the people
poured out of the theater.
In the rude throng pour on with furious pace. Gay.
Pour
Pour, n. A stream, or something like a stream; a flood. [Colloq.] "A
pour of rain." Miss Ferrier.
Poureliche
Poure"liche` (?), adv. Poorly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pourer
Pour"er (?), n. One who pours.
Pourlieu
Pour"lieu (?), n. See Purlieu.
Pourparler
Pour`par`ler" (?), n. [F.] (Diplomacy) A consultation preliminary to a
treaty.
Pourparty
Pour`par"ty (?), n.; pl. Pourparties (#). [See Purparty.] (Law) A
division; a divided share. To make pourparty, to divide and apportion
lands previously held in common.
Pourpoint
Pour"point (?), n. [F.] A quilted military doublet or gambeson worn in
the 14th and 15th centuries; also, a name for the doublet of the 16th
and 17th centuries worn by civilians.
Pourpresture
Pour*pres"ture (?; 135), n. (Law) See Purpresture.
Poursuivant
Pour"sui*vant (?), n. See Pursuivant.
Pourtray
Pour*tray" (?), v. t. See Portray.
Pourveyance
Pour*vey"ance (?), n. See Purveyance.
Pousse
Pousse (?), n. Pulse; pease. [Obs.] Spenser.
Poussette
Pous*sette" (?), n. [F., pushpin, fr. pousser to push. See Push.] A
movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance. Dickens.
Poussette
Pous*sette", v. i. To perform a certain movement in a dance. [R.]
Tennyson.
Down the middle, up again, poussette, and cross. J. & H. Smith.
Pout
Pout (?), n. [F. poulet. See Poult.] The young of some birds, as
grouse; a young fowl. Carew.
Pout
Pout (?), v. i. To shoot pouts. [Scot.]
Pout
Pout (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouting.] [OE.
pouten, of uncertain origin; cf. Prov. pot lip, Prov. F. potte, faire
la potte to pout, W. pwdu to pout, be sullen, poten, potten, a paunch,
belly.]
1. To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure; hence, to
look sullen.
Thou poutest upon thy fortune and thy love. Shak.
2
2 To protrude. "Pouting lips." Dryden.
Pout
Pout, n. A sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness. "Jack's
in the pouts." J. & H. Smith.
Pout
Pout, n. [Cf. Eelpout.] (Zo\'94l.) The European whiting pout or bib.
Eel pout. (Zo\'94l.) See Eelpout. -- Horn pout, OR Horned pout.
(Zo\'94l.) See Bullhead (b).
Pouter
Pout"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, pouts.
2. [Cf. E. pout, and G. puter turkey.] (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the
domestic pigeon remarkable for the extent to which it is able to
dilate its throat and breast.
Pouting
Pout"ing, n. Childish sullenness.
Poutingly
Pout"ing*ly, adv. In a pouting, or a sullen, manner.
Povert
Pov"ert (?), n. Poverty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Poverty
Pov"er*ty (?), n. [OE. poverte, OF. povert\'82, F. pauvret\'82, fr. L.
paupertas, fr. pauper poor. See Poor.]
1. The quality or state of being poor or indigent; want or scarcity of
means of subsistence; indigence; need. "Swathed in numblest poverty."
Keble.
The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty. Prov. xxiii.
21.
2. Any deficiency of elements or resources that are needed or desired,
or that constitute richness; as, poverty of soil; poverty of the
blood; poverty of ideas.
Poverty grass (Bot.), a name given to several slender grasses (as
Aristida dichotoma, and Danthonia spicata) which often spring up on
old and worn-out fields. Syn. -- Indigence; penury; beggary; need;
lack; want; scantiness; sparingness; meagerness; jejuneness. Poverty,
Indigence, Pauperism. Poverty is a relative term; what is poverty to a
monarch, would be competence for a day laborer. Indigence implies
extreme distress, and almost absolute destitution. Pauperism denotes
entire dependence upon public charity, and, therefore, often a
hopeless and degraded state.
Powan, Powen
Pow"an (?), Pow"en (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small British lake whitefish
(Coregonus clupeoides, or C. ferus); -- called also gwyniad and lake
herring.
Powder
Pow"der (?), n. [OE. poudre, pouldre, F. poudre, OF. also poldre,
puldre, L. pulvis, pulveris: cf. pollen fine flour, mill dust, E.
pollen. Cf. Polverine, Pulverize.]
1. The fine particles to which any dry substance is reduced by
pounding, grinding, or triturating, or into which it falls by decay;
dust.
Grind their bones to powder small. Shak.
2. An explosive mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder.
See Gunpowder.
Atlas powder, Baking powder, etc. See under Atlas, Baking, etc. --
Powder down (Zo\'94l.), the peculiar dust, or exfoliation, of
powder-down feathers. -- Powder-down feather (Zo\'94l.), one of a
peculiar kind of modified feathers which sometimes form patches on
certain parts of some birds. They have a greasy texture and a scaly
exfoliation. -- Powder-down patch (Zo\'94l.), a tuft or patch of
powder-down feathers. -- Powder hose, a tube of strong linen, about an
inch in diameter, filled with powder and used in firing mines. Farrow.
-- Powder hoy (Naut.), a vessel specially fitted to carry powder for
the supply of war ships. They are usually painted red and carry a red
flag. -- Powder magazine, OR Powder room. See Magazine, 2. -- Powder
mine, a mine exploded by gunpowder. See Mine. -- Powder monkey
(Naut.), a boy formerly employed on war vessels to carry powder; a
powder boy. -- Powder post. See Dry rot, under Dry. -- Powder puff.
See Puff, n.
Powder
Pow"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Powdered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Powdering.]
[F. poudrer.]
1. To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder;
to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate.
2. To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to
powder the hair.
A circling zone thou seest Powdered with stars. Milton.
3. To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat. [Obs.]
Powder
Pow"der, v. i.
1. To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; as, some salts
powder easily.
2. To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and powders.
Powdered
Pow"dered (?), a.
1. Reduced to a powder; sprinkled with, or as with, powder.
2. Sprinkled with salt; salted; corned. [Obs.]
Powdered beef, pickled meats. Harvey.
3. (Her.) Same as Sem\'82. Walpole.
Powderflask
Pow"der*flask` (?), n. A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a
charging tube at the end.
Powderhorn
Pow"der*horn` (?), n. A horn in which gunpowder is carried.
Powdering
Pow"der*ing, a. & n. from Powder, v. t. Powdering tub. (a) A tub or
vessel in which meat is corned or salted. (b) A heated tub in which an
infected lecher was placed for cure. [Obs.] Shak.
Powdermill
Pow"der*mill` (?), n. A mill in which gunpowder is made.
Powder-posted
Pow"der-post`ed (?), a. Affected with dry rot; reduced to dust by rot.
See Dry rot, under Dry. [U.S.]
Powdery
Pow"der*y (?), a.
1. Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a powdery spar.
2. Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; as, the powdery bloom on
plums.
3. Resembling powder; consisting of powder. "The powdery snow."
Wordsworth.
Powdike
Pow"dike (?), n. [Scot. pow, pou, a pool, a watery or marshy place,
fr. E. pool.] A dike a marsh or fen. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Powdry
Pow"dry (?), a. See Powdery.
Power
Pow"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Poor, the fish.
Power
Pow"er, n. [OE. pouer, poer, OF. poeir, pooir, F. pouvoir, n. & v.,
fr. LL. potere, for L. posse, potesse, to be able, to have power. See
Possible, Potent, and cf. Posse comitatus.]
1. Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of
doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance;
capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency;
might; as, a man of great power; the power of capillary attraction;
money gives power. "One next himself in power, and next in crime."
Milton.
2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or
energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the
power of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of
enthusiasm. "The power of fancy." Shak.
3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon;
susceptibility; -- called also passive power; as, great power of
endurance.
Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or
capacity; capacity is passive power. Sir W. Hamilton.
4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise
of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command;
government.
Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect
the innocent. Swift.
5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with
authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as,
the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a
spirit; a divinity. "The powers of darkness." Milton.
And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. Matt. xxiv. 29.
6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. Spenser.
Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. Shak.
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Page 1123
7. A large quantity; a great number; as, a power o. [Colloq.]
Richardson.
8. (Mech.) (a) The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or
mechanical work performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an
animal, working continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse power.
NOTE: &hand; Th e En glish un it of power used most commonly is the
horse power. See Horse power.
(b) A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is
derived; as, water power; steam power; hand power, etc. (c) Applied
force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the power applied at
one and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end.
NOTE: &hand; Th is us e in me chanics, of po wer as a synonym for
force, is improper and is becoming obsolete.
(d) A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive
other machinery; as, a dog power.
NOTE: &hand; Po wer is us ed ad jectively, de noting, dr iven, or
adapted to be driven, by machinery, and not actuated directly by
the hand or foot; as, a power lathe; a power loom; a power press.
9. (Math.) The product arising from the multiplication of a number
into itself; as, a square is the second power, and a cube is third
power, of a number.
10. ( (Metaph.) Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties
which are possessed by the mind or soul; as, the power of thinking,
reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc. I. Watts.
The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove
the grossness . . . into a received belief. Shak.
11. (Optics) The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical
instrument, magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the
microscope, the number of times it multiplies, or augments, the
apparent diameter of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number
of times it multiplies the apparent surface.
12. (Law) An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest
vested either in himself or in another person; ownership by
appointment. Wharton.
13. Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business
was referred to a committee with power.
NOTE: &hand; Po wer may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the
winds and waves, electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or
of animal and intelligent beings; and when predicated of these
beings, it may indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or
capacity.
Mechanical powers. See under Mechanical. -- Power loom, OR Power
press. See Def. 8 (d), note. -- Power of attorney. See under Attorney.
-- Power of a point (relative to a given curve) (Geom.), the result of
substituting the co\'94rdinates of any point in that expression which
being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, x2 + y2 -
100 is the power of the point x, y, relative to the circle x2 + y2 -
100 = 0.
Powerable
Pow"er*a*ble (?), a.
1. Capable of being effected or accomplished by the application of
power; possible. [R.] J. Young.
2. Capable of exerting power; powerful. Camden.
Powerful
Pow"er*ful (?), a.
1. Full of power; capable of producing great effects of any kind;
potent; mighty; efficacious; intense; as, a powerful man or beast; a
powerful engine; a powerful argument; a powerful light; a powerful
vessel.
The powerful grace that lies In herbs, plants, stones, and their
true qualities. Shak.
2. (Mining) Large; capacious; -- said of veins of ore. Syn. -- Mighty;
strong; potent; forcible; efficacious; energetic; intense. --
Pow"er*ful*ly, adv. -- Pow"er*ful*ness, n.
Powerless
Pow"er*less, a. Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent;
not able to produce any effect. -- Pow"er*less*ly, adv. --
Pow"er*less*ness, n.
Powldron
Powl"dron (?), n. [OF. espauleron, from espaule shoulder, F.
\'82paule.] Same as Pauldron.
Powp
Powp (?), v. i. See Poop, v. i. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Powter
Pow"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pouter.
Powpow
Pow"pow` (?), n.
1. A priest, or conjurer, among the North American Indians.
Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow. Longfellow.
2. Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with
feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of
diseases, to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other
purposes.
3. Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy
frolic or gathering. [Colloq. U. S.] <-- 4. Any meeting assembled to
discuss an issue; a parley. -->
Powwow
Pow"wow`, v. i.
1. To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for the cure of
disease, etc., as among the North American Indians.
2. Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting. [Colloq. U. S.] <-- 4.
To hold a meeting to discuss an issue. -->
Pox
Pox (?), n. [For pocks, OE. pokkes. See Pock. It is plural in form but
is used as a singular.] (Med.) Strictly, a disease by pustules or
eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or
four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and
the venereal diseases.
NOTE: &hand; Pox, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations,
formerly signified smallpox; but it now signifies syphilis.
Pox
Pox, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poxing.] To infect
with the pox, or syphilis.
Poy
Poy (?), n. [OF. apui, apoi, a support, prop., staff, F. appui, fr.
OF. apuier, apoier, to support, F. appuyer, fr. \'85 to (L. ad) + OF.
pui, poi, a rising ground, hill, L. podium. See Podium, Pew.]
1. A support; -- used in composition; as, teapoy.
2. A ropedancer's balancing pole. Johnson.
3. A long boat hook by which barges are propelled against the stream.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Poynado
Poy*na"do (?), n. A poniard. [Obs.] Lyly.
Poynd, v., Poynder
Poynd (?), v., Poynd"er (, n. See Poind, Poinder.
Poy nette
Poy nette" (?), n. [Cf. Point.] A bodkin. [Obs.]
Poyntel
Poyn"tel (?), n. [See Pointal.] (Arch.) Paving or flooring made of
small squares or lozenges set diagonally. [Formerly written pointal.]
Poyou
Poy"ou (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American armadillo (Dasypus
sexcinctus). Called also sixbanded armadillo.
Poze
Poze (?), v. t. See 5th Pose.
Pozzuolana, Pozzolana
Poz`zu*o*la"na (?), Poz`zo*la"*na (?), n. [It.] Volcanic ashes from
Pozzuoli, in Italy, used in the manufacture of a kind of mortar which
hardens under water.
Praam
Praam (?), n. [D. praam; cf. G. prahm, F. prame; all of Slavonic
origin, from a word akin to E. fare. See Fare.] (Naut.) A
flat-bottomed boat or lighter, -- used in Holland and the Baltic, and
sometimes armed in case of war. [Written also pram, and prame.]
Practic
Prac"tic (?), a. [See Practical.]
1. Practical.
2. Artful; deceitful; skillful. [Obs.] "Cunning sleights and practick
knavery." Spenser.
Practicability
Prac"ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practicable;
practicableness; feasibility. "The practicability of such a project."
Stewart.
Practicable
Prac"ti*ca*ble (?), a. [LL. practicare to act, transact, fr. L.
practicus active, Gr. practicable, pratiquer to practice. See
Practical.]
1. That may be practiced or performed; capable of being done or
accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; as, a
practicable method; a practicable aim; a practicable good.
2. Capable of being used; passable; as, a practicable weapon; a
practicable road.
Practicable breach (Mil.), a breach which admits of approach and
entrance by an assailing party. Syn. -- Possible; feasible. --
Practicable, Possible. A thing may be possible, i. e., not forbidden
by any law of nature, and yet may not now be practicable for want of
the means requisite to its performance. -- Prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. --
Prac"ti*ca*bly, adv.
Practical
Prac"ti*cal (?), a. [L. practicus active, Gr. pratique, formerly also
practique. Cf. Pragmatic, Practice.]
1. Of or pertaining to practice or action.
2. Capable of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction
from ideal or theoretical; as, practical chemistry. "Man's practical
understanding." South. "For all practical purposes." Macaulay.
3. Evincing practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some
useful end; as, a practical man; a practical mind.
4. Derived from practice; as, practical skill.
Practical joke, a joke put in practice; a joke the fun of which
consists in something done, in distinction from something said; esp.,
a trick played upon a person.
Practicality
Prac`ti*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practical;
practicalness.
Practically
Prac"ti*cal*ly (?), adv. 1. In a practical way; not theoretically;
really; as, to look at things practically; practically worthless.
2. By means of practice or use; by experience or experiment; as,
practically wise or skillful; practically acquainted with a subject.
3. In practice or use; as, a medicine practically safe; theoretically
wrong, but practically right. <--
4. Almost. -->
Practicalness
Prac"ti*cal*ness, n. Same as Practicality.
Practicalize
Prac"ti*cal*ize (?), v. t. To render practical. [R.] "Practicalizing
influences." J. S. Mill.
Practice
Prac"tice (?), n. [OE. praktike, practique, F. pratique, formerly
also, practique, LL. practica, fr. Gr. Practical, and cf. Pratique,
Pretty.]
1. Frequently repeated or customary action; habitual performance; a
succession of acts of a similar kind; usage; habit; custom; as, the
practice of rising early; the practice of making regular entries of
accounts; the practice of daily exercise. <-- also commonly practise
-->
A heart . . . exercised with covetous practices. 2 Pet. ii. 14.
2. Customary or constant use; state of being used.
Obsolete words may be revived when they are more sounding or more
significant than those in practice. Dryden.
3. Skill or dexterity acquired by use; expertness. [R.] "His nice
fence and his active practice." Shak.
4. Actual performance; application of knowledge; -- opposed to theory.
There are two functions of the soul, -- contemplation and practice.
South.
There is a distinction, but no opposition, between theory and
practice; each, to a certain extent, supposes the other; theory is
dependent on practice; practice must have preceded theory. Sir W.
Hamilton.
5. Systematic exercise for instruction or discipline; as, the troops
are called out for practice; she neglected practice in music. <--
practice makes perfect. MW10 2a. -->
6. Application of science to the wants of men; the exercise of any
profession; professional business; as, the practice of medicine or
law; a large or lucrative practice.
Practice is exercise of an art, or the application of a science in
life, which application is itself an art. Sir W. Hamilton.
7. Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use
of means; art; stratagem; artifice; plot; -- usually in a bad sense.
[Obs.] Bacon.
He sought to have that by practice which he could not by prayer.
Sir P. Sidney.
8. (Math.) A easy and concise method of applying the rules of
arithmetic to questions which occur in trade and business.
9. (Law) The form, manner, and order of conducting and carrying on
suits and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the
principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts. Bouvier. Syn.
-- Custom; usage; habit; manner.
Practice
Prac"tice (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Practiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Practicing (?).] [Often written practise, practised, practising.]
1. To do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a
practice of; as, to practice gaming. "Incline not my heart . . .
practice wicked works." <-- also commonly practise --> Ps. cxli. 4.
2. To exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., as, to
practice law or medicine.<-- MW10 1c. -->
2. To exercise one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to
acquire discipline or dexterity; as, to practice gunnery; to practice
music. <-- MW10 2a -->
4. To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to
execute; to do. "Aught but Talbot's shadow whereon to practice your
severity." Shak.
As this advice ye practice or neglect. Pope.
5. To make use of; to employ. [Obs.]
In malice to this good knight's wife, I practiced Ubaldo and
Ricardo to corrupt her. Massinger.
6. To teach or accustom by practice; to train.
In church they are taught to love God; after church they are
practiced to love their neighbor. Landor.
Practice
Prac"tice, v. i. [Often written practise.]
1. To perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for
instruction, profit, or amusement; as, to practice with the broadsword
or with the rifle; to practice on the piano. <-- also commonly
practise -->
2. To learn by practice; to form a habit.
They shall practice how to live secure. Milton.
Practice first over yourself to reign. Waller.
3. To try artifices or stratagems.
He will practice against thee by poison. Shak.
4. To apply theoretical science or knowledge, esp. by way of
experiment; to exercise or pursue an employment or profession, esp.
that of medicine or of law.
[I am] little inclined to practice on others, and as little that
others should practice on me. Sir W. Temple.
Practiced
Prac"ticed (?), a. [Often written practised.]
1. Experienced; expert; skilled; as, a practiced marksman. "A
practiced picklock." Ld. Lytton.
2. Used habitually; learned by practice.
Practicer
Prac"ti*cer (?), n. [Often written practiser.]
1. One who practices, or puts in practice; one who customarily
performs certain acts. South.
2. One who exercises a profession; a practitioner.
3. One who uses art or stratagem. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Practician
Prac*ti"cian (?), n. [F. praticien, OF. also practicien.] One who is
acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by practice; a practitioner.
Practick
Prac"tick (?), n. Practice. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Practisant
Prac"ti*sant (?), n. An agent or confederate in treachery. [Obs.]
Shak.
Practise
Prac"tise (?), v. t. & i. See Practice.
NOTE: &hand; Th e analogy of the English language requires that the
noun and verb which are pronounced alike should agree in spelling.
Thus we have notice (n. & v.), noticed, noticing, noticer; poultice
(n. & v.); apprentice (n. & v.); office (n. & v.), officer (n.);
lattice (n.), latticed (a.); benefice (n.), beneficed (a.), etc.
Cf. sacrifice (surmise (promise (compromise (advice (advise (device
(devise (
Practisour
Prac"ti*sour (?), n. A practitioner. [Obs.]
Practitioner
Prac*ti"tion*er (?), n. [From Practician.]
1. One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or
profession, particularly that of law or medicine. Crabbe.
2. One who does anything customarily or habitually.
3. A sly or artful person. Whitgift.
General practitioner. See under General, 2.
Practive
Prac"tive (?), a. Doing; active. [Obs.] Sylvester. -- Prac"tive*ly,
adv. [Obs.]
The preacher and the people both, Then practively did thrive.
Warner.
Prad
Prad (?), n. [Cf. D. paard.] A horse. [Colloq. Eng.]
Pr\'91-
Pr\'91- (?). A prefix. See Pre-.
Pr\'91cava
Pr\'91"ca`va (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and 1st Cave.] (Anat.) The
superior vena cava. -- Pr\'91"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder.
Pr\'91cipe
Pr\'91c"i*pe (?), n. [L., imperative of praecipere to give rules or
precepts. See Precept.] (Law) (a) A writ commanding something to be
done, or requiring a reason for neglecting it. (b) A paper containing
the particulars of a writ, lodged in the office out of which the writ
is to be issued. Wharton.
Pr\'91coces
Pr\'91"co*ces (?), n. pl. [NL. See Precocious.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
of birds including those whose young are able to run about when first
hatched.
Pr\'91cocial
Pr\'91*co"cial (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pr\'91coces.
Pr\'91cognita
Pr\'91*cog"ni*ta (?), n. pl. [L. praecognitus, p. p. of praecognoscere
to foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.] This previously known, or which
should be known in order to understand something else.
Pr\'91commissure
Pr\'91*com"mis*sure (?), n. [Pref. pr\'91 + commissure.] (Anat.) A
transverse commissure in the anterior part of the third ventricle of
the brain; the anterior cerebral commissure.
Pr\'91coracoid
Pr\'91*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) See Precoracoid.
Pr\'91cordia
Pr\'91*cor"di*a (?), n. [L., fr. prae before + cor, cordis, the
heart.] (Anat.) The front part of the thoracic region; the
epigastrium.
Pr\'91cordial
Pr\'91*cor"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Precordial.
Pr\'91cornu
Pr\'91*cor"nu (?), n.; pl. Pr\'91cornua (#). [NL. See Pre-, and
Cornu.] (Anat.) The anterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the
brain. B. G. Wilder.
Pr\'91dial
Pr\'91"di*al (?), a. See Predial.
Pr\'91floration
Pr\'91`flo*ra"tion (?), n. Same as Prefloration. Gray.
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Pr\'91foliation
Pr\'91*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. Same as Prefoliation. Gray.
Pr\'91maxilla
Pr\'91`max*il"la (?), n. See Premaxilla.
Pr\'91molar
Pr\'91*mo"lar (?), a. See Premolar.
Pr\'91morse
Pr\'91*morse" (?), a. Same as Premorse.
Pr\'91munire
Pr\'91m`u*ni"re (?), n. [Corrupted from L. praemonere to forewarn,
cite. See Admonish.] (Eng. Law) (a) The offense of introducing foreign
authority into England, the penalties for which were originally
intended to depress the civil power of the pope in the kingdom. (b)
The writ grounded on that offense. Wharton. (c) The penalty ascribed
for the offense of pr\'91munire.
Wolsey incurred a pr\'91munire, and forfeited his honor, estate,
and life. South.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pe nalties of pr \'91munire we re su bsequently
applied to many other offenses; but prosecutions upon a
pr\'91munire are at this day unheard of in the English courts.
Blackstone.
Pr\'91mnire
Pr\'91m`*ni"re, v. t.
1. The subject to the penalties of pr\'91munire. [Obs.] T. Ward.
Pr\'91munitory
Pr\'91*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. See Premunitory.
Pr\'91nares
Pr\'91*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pre-, Nares.] (Anat.) The anterior
nares. See Nares. B. G. Wilder.
Pr\'91nasal
Pr\'91*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Prenasal.
Pr\'91nomen
Pr\'91*no"men (?), n.; pl. Pr\'91nomina (#). [L., fr. prae before +
nomen name.] (Rom. Antiq.) The first name of a person, by which
individuals of the same family were distinguished, answering to our
Christian name, as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, etc.
Pr\'91nominical
Pr\'91`no*min"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pr\'91nomen. [Obs.]
M. A. Lower.
Pr\'91operculum
Pr\'91`o*per"cu*lum, n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Preoperculum. --
Pr\'91`o*per"cu*lar, a.
Pr\'91oral, n., Pr\'91pubis, n., Pr\'91scapula, n., Pr\'91scutum, n.,
Pr\'91sternum
Pr\'91*o"ral, n., Pr\'91*pu"bis, n., Pr\'91*scap"u*la, n.,
Pr\'91*scu"tum, n., Pr\'91*ster"num, n. Same as Preoral, Prepubis,
Prescapula, etc.
Pr\'91ter-
Pr\'91"ter- (?). A prefix. See Preter-.
Pr\'91terist
Pr\'91t"er*ist (?), n. (Theol.) See Preterist.
Pr\'91termit
Pr\'91`ter*mit" (?), v. t. See Pretermit.
Pr\'91texta
Pr\'91*tex"ta (?), n.; pl. Pr\'91text\'91 (#), E. Pr\'91textas (#).
[L. (sc. toga), fr. praetextus, p. p. of praetexere to weave before,
to fringe, border; prae before + texere to weave.] (Rom. Antiq.) A
white robe with a purple border, worn by a Roman boy before he was
entitled to wear the toga virilis, or until about the completion of
his fourteenth year, and by girls until their marriage. It was also
worn by magistrates and priests.
Pr\'91tor
Pr\'91"tor (?), n. See Pretor.
Pr\'91tores
Pr\'91*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pretor.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
butterflies including the satyrs.
Pr\'91torian
Pr\'91*to"ri*an (?), a. See Pretorian.
Pr\'91torium
Pr\'91*to"ri*um (?), n. See Pretorium.
Pr\'91zygapophysis
Pr\'91*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Prezygapophysis.
Pragmatic, Pragmatical
Prag*mat"ic (?), Prag*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. pragmaticus busy, active,
skilled in business, especially in law and state affairs, systematic,
Gr. pragmatique. See Practical.]
1. Of or pertaining to business or to affairs; of the nature of
business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.
The next day . . . I began to be very pragmatical. Evelyn.
We can not always be contemplative, diligent, or pragmatical,
abroad; but have need of some delightful intermissions. Milton.
Low, pragmatical, earthly views of the gospel. Hare.
2. Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy
and positive; meddlesome. "Pragmatical officers of justice." Sir W.
Scott.
The fellow grew so pragmatical that he took upon him the government
of my whole family. Arbuthnot.
3. Philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather
than with details and circumstances; -- said of literature. "Pragmatic
history." Sir W. Hamilton. "Pragmatic poetry." M. Arnold.
Pragmatic sanction, a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or
legislature of a state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived from
the Byzantine empire. In European history, two decrees under this name
are particularly celebrated. One of these, issued by Charles VII. of
France, A. D. 1438, was the foundation of the liberties of the
Gallican church; the other, issued by Charles VI. of Germany, A. D.
1724, settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the
Archduchess Maria Theresa.
Pragmatic
Prag*mat"ic, n.
1. One skilled in affairs.
My attorney and solicitor too; a fine pragmatic. B. Jonson.
2. A solemn public ordinance or decree.
A royal pragmatic was accordingly passed. Prescott.
Pragmatically
Prag*mat"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a pragmatical manner.
Pragmaticalness
Prag*mat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being pragmatical.
Pragmatism
Prag"ma*tism (?), n. The quality or state of being pragmatic; in
literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method.
The narration of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to
the pragmatism of the history. A. Murphy.
Pragmatist
Prag"ma*tist (?), n. One who is pragmatic.
Pragmatize
Prag"ma*tize (?), v. t. To consider, represent, or embody (something
unreal) as fact; to materialize. [R.] "A pragmatized metaphor." Tylor.
Prairial
Prai`ri`al" (?), n. [F., fr. prairie meadow.] The ninth month of the
French Republican calendar, which dated from September 22, 1792. It
began May, 20, and ended June 18. See Vendemiaire.
Prairie
Prai"rie (?), n. [F., an extensive meadow, OF. praerie, LL. prataria,
fr. L. pratum a meadow.]
1. An extensive tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees,
covered with coarse grass, and usually characterized by a deep,
fertile soil. They abound throughout the Mississippi valley, between
the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains.
From the forests and the prairies, From the great lakes of the
northland. Longfellow.
2. A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow.
Prairie chicken (Zo\'94l.), any American grouse of the genus
Tympanuchus, especially T. Americanus (formerly T. cupido), which
inhabits the prairies of the central United States. Applied also to
the sharp-tailed grouse. -- Prairie clover (Bot.), any plant of the
leguminous genus Petalostemon, having small rosy or white flowers in
dense terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies
of the United States. -- Prairie dock (Bot.), a coarse composite plant
(Silphium terebinthaceum) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers,
found in the Western prairies. -- Prairie dog (Zo\'94l.), a small
American rodent (Cynomys Ludovicianus) allied to the marmots. It
inhabits the plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow
in the ground in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a
dog. Called also prairie marmot. -- Prairie grouse. Same as Prairie
chicken, above. -- Prairie hare (Zo\'94l.), a large long-eared Western
hare (Lepus campestris). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. -- Prairie
hawk, Prairie falcon (Zo\'94l.), a falcon of Western North America
(Falco Mexicanus). The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse
bands of white; the under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of
brown. -- Prairie hen. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Prairie chicken, above. --
Prairie itch (Med.), an affection of the skin attended with intense
itching, which is observed in the Northern and Western United States;
-- also called swamp itch, winter itch. -- Prairie marmot. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Prairie dog, above. -- Prairie mole (Zo\'94l.), a large
American mole (Scalops argentatus), native of the Western prairies. --
Prairie pigeon, plover, OR snipe (Zo\'94l.), the upland plover. See
Plover, n., 2. -- Prairie rattlesnake (Zo\'94l.), the massasauga. --
Prairie snake (Zo\'94l.), a large harmless American snake (Masticophis
flavigularis). It is pale yellow, tinged with brown above. -- Prairie
squirrel (Zo\'94l.), any American ground squirrel of the genus
Spermophilus, inhabiting prairies; -- called also gopher. -- Prairie
turnip (Bot.), the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous root of a
leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta) of the Upper Missouri region;
also, the plant itself. Called also pomme blanche, and pomme de
prairie. -- Prairie warbler (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored American
warbler (Dendroica discolor). The back is olive yellow, with a group
of reddish spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around
the eyes are bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along
the sides, black; three outer tail feathers partly white. -- Prairie
wolf. (Zo\'94l.) See Coyote.
Praisable
Prais"a*ble (?), a. Fit to be praised; praise-worthy; laudable;
commendable. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 15).
Praisably
Prais"a*bly, adv. In a praisable manner.
Praise
Praise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Praised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Praising.] [OE. preisen, OF. preisier, prisier, F. priser, L. pretiare
to prize, fr. pretium price. See Price, n., and cf. Appreciate,
Praise, n., Prize, v.]
1. To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to laud; --
applied to a person or his acts. "I praise well thy wit." Chaucer.
Let her own works praise her in the gates. Prov. xxxi. 31.
We praise not Hector, though his name, we know, Is great in arms;
't is hard to praise a foe. Dryden.
2. To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of
perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the
excellence of; -- applied especially to the Divine Being.
Praise ye him, all his angels; praise ye him, all his hosts! Ps.
cxlviii. 2.
3. To value; to appraise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Syn. -- To commend;
laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; magnify. -- To Praise, Applaud,
Extol. To praise is to set at high price; to applaud is to greet with
clapping; to extol is to bear aloft, to exalt. We may praise in the
exercise of calm judgment; we usually applaud from impulse, and on
account of some specific act; we extol under the influence of high
admiration, and usually in strong, if not extravagant, language.
Praise
Praise, n. [OE. preis, OF. preis price, worth, value, estimation. See
Praise, v., Price.]
1. Commendation for worth; approval expressed; honor rendered because
of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation.
There are men who always confound the praise of goodness with the
practice. Rambler.
NOTE: &hand; Pr aise ma y be ex pressed by an individual, and thus
differs from fame, renown, and celebrity, which are always the
expression of the approbation of numbers, or public commendation.
2. Especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to
the Divine Being; the act of glorifying or extolling the Creator;
worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and
other acts of worship; as, a service of praise.
3. The object, ground, or reason of praise.
He is thy praise, and he is thy God. Deut. x.
Syn. -- Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; plaudit; applause;
acclaim; eclat; commendation; laudation.
Praiseful
Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.]
Praiseful
Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.]
Praiseless
Praise"less, a. Without praise or approbation.
Praise-meeting
Praise"-meet`*ing (?), n. A religious service mainly in song. [Local,
U. S.]
Praisement
Praise"ment (?), n. Appraisement. [Obs.]
Praiseer
Praise"er (?), n.
1. One who praises. "Praisers of men." Sir P. Sidney.
2. An appraiser; a valuator. [Obs.] Sir T. North.
Praiseworthily
Praise"wor`thi*ly (?), adv. In a praiseworthy manner. Spenser.
Praiseworthiness
Praise"wor`thi*ness, n. The quality or state of being praiseworthy.
Praiseworthy
Praise"wor`thy (?), a. Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as,
praiseworthy action; he was praiseworthy. Arbuthnot.
Prakrit
Pra"krit (?), n. [Skr. pr\'bek&rsdot;ta original, natural, usual,
common, vulgar.] Any one of the popular dialects descended from, or
akin to, Sanskrit; -- in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used
as a literary and learned language when no longer spoken by the
people. Pali is one of the Prakrit dialects.
Prakritic
Pra*krit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Prakrit.
Pram, Prame
Pram (?), Prame (?), n. (Naut.) See Praam.
Prance
Prance (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prancing
(?).] [OE. prauncen; probably akin to prank, v. t. See Prank.]
1. To spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.
Now rule thy prancing steed. Gay.
2. To ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner.
The insulting tyrant prancing o'er the field. Addison.
3. To walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike
parade. Swift.
Prancer
Pran"cer (?), n. A horse which prances.
Then came the captain . . . upon a brave prancer. Evelyn.
Prandial
Pran"di*al (?), a. [L. prandium a repast.] Of or pertaining to a
repast, especially to dinner.
Prangos
Pran"gos (?), n. [From the native name in Afghanistan.] (Bot.) A genus
of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (P. pabularia), found in
Thibet, Cashmere, Afghanistan, etc., has been used as fodder for
cattle. It has decompound leaves with very long narrow divisions, and
a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new clover hay.
Prank
Prank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pranked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pranking.]
[Cf. E. prink, also G. prangen, prunken, to shine, to make a show,
Dan. prange, prunke, Sw. prunka, D. pronken.] To adorn in a showy
manner; to dress or equip ostentatiously; -- often followed by up; as,
to prank up the body. See Prink.
In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank. Spenser.
Prank
Prank, v. i. To make ostentatious show.
White houses prank where once were huts. M. Arnold.
Prank
Prank, n. A gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous
trick; a caper; a frolic. Spenser.
The harpies . . . played their accustomed pranks. Sir W. Raleigh.
His pranks have been too broad to bear with. Shak.
Prank
Prank, a. Full of gambols or tricks. [Obs.]
Pranker
Prank"er (?), n. One who dresses showily; a prinker. "A pranker or a
dancer." Burton.
Prankish
Prank"ish, a. Full of pranks; frolicsome.
Prase
Prase (?), n. [L. prasius, fr. Gr. prase.] (Min.) A variety of
cryptocrystalline of a leek-green color.
Praseo-
Pra"se*o- (?). [Gr. A combining form signifying green; as,
praseocobalt, a green variety of cobalt.
Praseodymium
Pra`se*o*dym"i*um (?), n. [Praseo- + didymium.] (Chem.) An elementary
substance, one of the constituents of didymium; -- so called from the
green color of its salts. Symbol Ps. Atomic weight 143.6.
Praseolite
Pra"se*o*lite (?), n. [Praseo- + -lite.] (Min.) A variety of altered
iolite of a green color and greasy luster.
Prasinous
Pras"i*nous (?), a. [L. prasinus, Gr. Grass-green; clear, lively
green, without any mixture. Lindley.
Prasoid
Pra"soid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Min.) Resembling prase.
Prate
Prate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prated; p. pr. & vb. n. Prating.] [Akin
to LG. & D. praten, Dan. prate, Sw. & Icel. prata.] To talk much and
to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble.
To prate and talk for life and honor. Shak.
And make a fool presume to prate of love. Dryden.
Prate
Prate, v. t. To utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose;
to chatter, or babble.
What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate, When thou, his
knave, canst talk at such a rate ! Dryden.
Prate
Prate, n. [Akin to LG. & D. praat, Sw. prat.] Talk to little purpose;
trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.
Sick of tops, and poetry, and prate. Pope.
Prateful
Prate"ful (?), a. Talkative. [R.] W. Taylor.
Prater
Prat"er (?), n. One who prates. Shak.
Pratic
Prat"ic (?), n. See Pratique.
Pratincole
Pra"tin*cole (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the Old World genus
Glareola, or family Glareolid\'91, allied to the plovers. They have
long, pointed wings and a forked tail.
Pratingly
Prat"ing*ly (?), adv. With idle talk; with loquacity.
Pratique
Prat"ique (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pratica, Sp. practica. See Practice.]
1. (Com.) Primarily, liberty of converse; intercourse; hence, a
certificate, given after compliance with quarantine regulations,
permitting a ship to land passengers and crew; -- a term used
particularly in the south of Europe.
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Page 1125
2. Practice; habits. [Obs.] "One of English education and pratique."
R. North.
Prattle
Prat"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prattling (?).] [Freq. of prate.] To talk much and idly; to prate;
hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's
talk.
Prattle
Prat"tle, v. t. To utter as prattle; to babble; as, to prattle
treason. Addison.
Prattle
Prat"tle, n. Trifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on
trivial subjects; prate; babble.
Mere prattle, without practice. Shak.
Prattlement
Prat"tle*ment (?), n. Prattle. [R.] Jeffrey.
Prattler
Prat"tler (?), n. One who prattles. Herbert.
Pravity
Prav"i*ty (?), n. [L. pravitas, from pravus crooked, perverse.]
Deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral crookedness;
moral perversion; perverseness; depravity; as, the pravity of human
nature. "The pravity of the will." South.
Prawn
Prawn (?), n. [OE. prane, of unknown origin; cf. L. perna a sea
mussel.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike
Crustacea having slender legs and long antenn\'91. They mostly belong
to the genera Pandalus, Pal\'91mon, Pal\'91monetes, and Peneus, and
are much used as food. The common English prawn in Pal\'91mon
serratus.
NOTE: &hand; The name is often applied to any large shrimp.
Praxinoscope
Prax*in"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument, similar to
the phenakistoscope, for presenting to view, or projecting upon a
screen, images the natural motions of real objects.
Praxis
Prax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Practice.]
1. Use; practice; especially, exercise or discipline for a specific
purpose or object. "The praxis and theory of music." Wood.
2. An example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples,
for practice.
Pray
Pray (?), n. & v. See Pry. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pray
Pray (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Praying.]
[OE. preien, OF. preier, F. prier, L. precari, fr. prex, precis, a
prayer, a request; akin to Skr. prach to ask, AS. frignan, fr\'c6nan,
fricgan, G. fragen, Goth. fra\'a1hnan. Cf. Deprecate, Imprecate,
Precarious.] To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for
something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer
to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to
address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication,
and thanksgiving.
And to his goddess pitously he preyde. Chaucer.
When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut
thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father
which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. Matt. vi. 6.
I pray, OR (by ellipsis) Pray, I beg; I request; I entreat you; --
used in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition,
etc.; as, Pray, allow me to go.
I pray, sir. why am I beaten? Shak.
Syn. -- To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech;
petition.
Pray
Pray, v. t.
1. To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to
implore; to beseech.
And as this earl was preyed, so did he. Chaucer.
We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20.
2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat
for.
I know not how to pray your patience. Shak.
3. To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of
purgatory. Milman.
To pray in aid. (Law) (a) To call in as a helper one who has an
interest in the cause. Bacon. (b) A phrase often used to signify
claiming the benefit of an argument. See under Aid. Mozley & W.
Prayer
Pray"er (?), n. One who prays; a supplicant.
Prayer
Prayer (, n. [OE. preiere, OF. preiere, F. pri\'8are, fr. L. precarius
obtained by prayer, fr. precari to pray. See Pray, v. i.]
1. The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or
entreaty; hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a
legislative body. "Their meek preyere." Chaucer
2. The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the
true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and
thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public prayer; secret prayer.
As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer. Shak.
3. The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an
expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as, a
written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers.
He made those excellent prayers which were published immediately
after his death. Bp. Fell.
Prayer book, a book containing devotional prayers. -- Prayer meeting,
a meeting or gathering for prayer to God. Syn. -- Petition; orison;
supplication; entreaty; suit.
Prayerful
Prayer"ful (?), a. Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional.
"The prayerful man." J. S. Blackie. -- Prayer"ful*ly, adv. --
Prayer"ful*ness, n.
Prayerless
Prayer"less (?; 277), a. Not using prayer; habitually neglecting
prayer to God; without prayer. "The next time you go prayerless to
bed." Baxter. -- Prayer"less*ly, adv. -- Prayer"less*ness, n.
Praying
Pray"ing (?), a. & n. from Pray, v. Praying insect, locust, OR mantis
(Zo\'94l.), a mantis, especially Mantis religiosa. See Mantis. --
Praying machine, OR Praying wheel, a wheel on which prayers are pasted
by Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in rapid revolution. Each
turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral repetition of all the
prayers on the wheel. Sometimes it is moved by a stream.
Prayingly
Pray"ing*ly, adv. With supplication to God.
Pre-
Pre- (?). [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E. for,
prep.: cf. F. pr\'82-. See Pro-, and cf. Prior.] A prefix denoting
priority (of time, place, or rank); as, precede, to go before;
precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; pre\'89minent
eminent before or above others. Pre- is sometimes used intensively, as
in prepotent, very potent. [Written also pr\'91-.]
Preaccusation
Pre*ac`cu*sa"tion (?), n. Previous accusation.
Preace
Preace (?), v. & n. Press. [Obs.] Spenser.
Preach
Preach (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preached (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preaching.] [OE. prechen, OF. preechier, F. pr\'88cher, fr. L.
praedicare to cry in public, to proclaim; prae before + dicare to make
known, dicere to say; or perhaps from (assumed) LL. praedictare. See
Diction, and cf. Predicate, Predict.]
1. To proclaim or publish tidings; specifically, to proclaim the
gospel; to discourse publicly on a religious subject, or from a text
of Scripture; to deliver a sermon.
How shall they preach, except they be sent? Rom. x. 15.
From that time Jesus began to preach. Matt. iv. 17.
2. To give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the
manner of a preacher.
Preach
Preach, v. t.
1. To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal
religious harangue.
That Cristes gospel truly wolde preche. Chaucer.
The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek.
Isa. lxi. 1.
2. To inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by
public teaching. "I have preached righteousness in the great
congregation." Ps. xl. 9.
3. To deliver or pronounce; as, to preach a sermon.
4. To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching. [R.] "As
ye are preached." Southey.
5. To advise or recommend earnestly.
My master preaches patience to him. Shak.
To preach down, to oppress, or humiliate by preaching. Tennyson. -- To
preach up, to exalt by preaching; to preach in support of; as, to
preach up equality.
Preach
Preach, n. [Cf. F. pr\'88che, fr. pr\'88cher. See Preach, v.] A
religious discourse. [Obs.] Hooker.
Preacher
Preach"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. preeschierre, prescheur, F. pr\'88cheur, L.
praedicator.]
1. One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on religious
subjects.
How shall they hear without a preacher? Rom. x. 14.
2. One who inculcates anything with earnestness.
No preacher is listened to but Time. Swift.
Preacher bird (Zo\'94l.), a toucan.
Preachership
Preach"er*ship, n. The office of a preacher. "The preachership of the
Rolls." Macaulay.
Preachify
Preach"i*fy (?), v. i. [Preach + -fy.] To discourse in the manner of a
preacher. [Colloq.] Thackeray.
Preaching
Preach"ing, n. The act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of
sermonizing; also, a sermon; a public religious discourse; serious,
earnest advice. Milner. Preaching cross, a cross, sometimes
surmounting a pulpit, erected out of doors to designate a preaching
place. -- Preaching friars. See Dominican.
Preachman
Preach"man (?), n.; pl. Preachmen (. A preacher; -- so called in
contempt. [Obs.] Howell.
Preachment
Preach"ment (?), n. A religious harangue; a sermon; -- used
derogatively. Shak.
Preacquaint
Pre`ac*quaint" (?), v. t. To acquaint previously or beforehand.
Fielding.
Preacquaintance
Pre`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. Previous acquaintance or knowledge. Harris.
Preact
Pre*act" (?), v. t. To act beforehand; to perform previously.
Preaction
Pre*ac"tion (?), n. Previous action.
Preadamic
Pre`a*dam"ic (?), a. Prior to Adam.
Preadamite
Pre*ad"am*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82adamite.]
1. An inhabitant of the earth before Adam.
2. One who holds that men existed before Adam.
Preadamitic
Pre*ad`am*it"ic (?), a. Existing or occurring before Adam; preadamic;
as, preadamitic periods.
Preadjustment
Pre`ad*just"ment (?), n. Previous adjustment.
Preadministration
Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion (?), n. Previous administration. Bp. Pearson.
Preadmonish
Pre`ad*mon"ish, v. t. To admonish previously.
Preadmonition
Pre*ad`mo*ni"tion (?), n. Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.
Preadvertise
Pre*ad`ver*tise" (?), v. t. To advertise beforehand; to preannounce
publicly.
Preamble
Pre"am`ble (?), n. [LL. praeambulum, from L. praeambulus walking
before, fr. praeambulare to walk before; prae before + ambulare to
walk: cf. F. pr\'82ambule. See Amble.] A introductory portion; an
introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically,
the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and
intent of the law.
Preamble
Pre"am`ble, v. t. & i. To make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as
a preamble. [R.] Feltham. Milton.
Preambulary
Pre*am"bu*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. OF. preambulaire.] Of or pertaining to a
preamble; introductory; contained or provided for in a preamble. "A
preambulary tax." [R.] Burke.
Preambulate
Pre*am"bu*late (?), v. i. [L. praeambulare. See Preamble.] To walk
before. [R.] Jordan.
Preambulation
Pre*am`bu*la"tion (?), n.
1. A walking or going before; precedence. [R.]
2. A preamble. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Preambulatory
Pre*am"bu*la*to*ry (?), a. Preceding; going before; introductory. [R.]
Simon Magus had preambulatory impieties. Jer. Taylor.
Preambulous
Pre*am"bu*lous (?), a. [See Preamble, n.] See Perambulatory. [R.] Sir
T. Browne.
Preannounce
Pre`an*nounce" (?), v. t. To announce beforehand. Coleridge.
Preantenultimate
Pre*an`te*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Being or indicating the fourth syllable
from the end of a word, or that before the antepenult.
Preaortic
Pre`a*or"tic (?), a. (Anat.) In front, or on the ventral side, of the
aorta.
Preappoint
Pre`ap*point" (?), v. t. To appoint previously, or beforehand.
Carlyle.
Preappointment
Pre`ap*point"ment (?), n. Previous appointment.
Preapprehension
Pre*ap`pre*hen"sion (?), n. An apprehension or opinion formed before
examination or knowledge. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Prearm
Pre*arm" (?), v. t. To forearm. [R.]
Prearrange
Pre`ar*range" (?), v. t. To arrange beforehand.
Prease
Prease (?), v. t. & i. To press; to crowd. [Obs.] -- n. A press; a
crowd. [Obs.] Spenser.
Preassurance
Pre`as*sur"ance (?), n. Previous assurance. Coleridge.
Preataxic
Pre`a*tax"ic (?), a. (Med.) Occurring before the symptom ataxia has
developed; -- applied to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.
Preaudience
Pre*au"di*ence (?), n. (Eng. Law) Precedence of rank at the bar among
lawyers. Blackstone.
Preaxial
Pre*ax"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of any transverse axis
in the body of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on
the anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis
of a limb.
Preend
Pre"end (?), n. [F. pr\'82bende (cf. It. & Sp. prebenda), from L.
praebenda, from L. praebere to hold forth, afford, contr. fr.
praehibere; prae before + habere to have, hold. See Habit, and cf.
Provender.]
1. A payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance granted to a
prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate, church with
which he is connected. See Note under Benefice.
2. A prebendary. [Obs.] Bacon.
Dignitary prebend, one having jurisdiction annexed to it. -- Simple
prebend, one without jurisdiction.
Prebendal
Pre*ben"dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a prebend;
as, a prebendal priest or stall. Chesterfield.
Prebendary
Preb"en*da*ry (?), n. [LL. praebendarius: cf. F. pr\'82bendaire. See
Prebend.]
1. A clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral church who enjoys
a prebend in consideration of his officiating at stated times in the
church. See Note under Benefice, n., 3. Hook.
2. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Bailey.
Prebendaryship
Preb"en*da*ry*ship, n. The office of a prebendary.
Prebendate
Preb"en*date (?), v. t. [LL. praebendatus, p. p. of praebendari.] To
invest with the office of prebendary; to present to a prebend. [Obs.]
Grafton.
Prebendship
Preb"end*ship (?), n. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Foxe.
Prebronchial
Pre*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the bronchus; --
applied especially to an air sac on either side of the esophagus of
birds.
Precalculate
Pre*cal"cu*late (?), v. t. To calculate or determine beforehand; to
prearrange. Masson.
Precant
Pre"cant (?), n. [L. precans, -antis, p. pr. of precari to pray.] One
who prays. [R.] Coleridge.
Precarious
Pre*ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L. precarius obtained by begging or prayer,
depending on request or on the will of another, fr. precari to pray,
beg. See Pray.]
1. Depending on the will or pleasure of another; held by courtesy;
liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another; as,
precarious privileges. Addison.
2. Held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events;
exposed to constant risk; not to be depended on for certainty or
stability; uncertain; as, a precarious state of health; precarious
fortunes. "Intervals of partial and precarious liberty." Macaulay.
Syn. -- Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful; dubious; equivocal.
-- Precarious, Uncertain. Precarious in stronger than uncertain.
Derived originally from the Latin precari, it first signified "granted
to entreaty," and, hence, "wholly dependent on the will of another."
Thus it came to express the highest species of uncertainty, and is
applied to such things as depend wholly on future casualties. --
Pre*ca"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ness, n.
Precation
Pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L. precatio.] The act of praying; supplication;
entreaty. Cotton.
Preative, Preatory
Pre"a*tive (?), Pre"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. precativus, precatorius, fr.
precari to pray. See Precarious.] Suppliant; beseeching. Bp. Hopkins.
Precatory words (Law), words of recommendation, request, entreaty,
wish, or expectation, employed in wills, as distinguished from express
directions; -- in some cases creating a trust. Jarman.
Precaution
Pre*cau"tion (?), n. [F. pr\'82cation, L. praecautio, fr. praecavere,
praecautum, to guard against beforehand; prae before + cavere be on
one's guard. See Pre-, and Caution.]
1. Previous caution or care; caution previously employed to prevent
mischief or secure good; as, his life was saved by precaution.
They [ancient philosophers] treasured up their supposed discoveries
with miserable precaution. J. H. Newman.
2. A measure taken beforehand to ward off evil or secure good or
success; a precautionary act; as, to take precautions against
accident.
Precaution
Pre*cau"tion, v. t. [Cf. F. pr\'82cautionner.]
1. To warn or caution beforehand. Locke.
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2. To take precaution against. [R.] Dryden.
Precautional
Pre*cau"tion*al (?), a. Precautionary.
Precautionary
Pre*cau"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to precaution, or
precautions; as, precautionary signals.
Precautious
Pre*cau"tious (?), a. Taking or using precaution; precautionary. --
Pre*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- Pre*cau"*tious*ness, n.
Precedaneous
Pre`ce*da"ne*ous (?), a. Preceding; antecedent; previous. [Obs.]
Hammond.
Precede
Pre*cede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preceded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preceding.] [L. praecedere, praecessum; prae before + cedere to go, to
be in motion: cf. F. pr\'82ceder. See Pre-, and Cede.]
1. To go before in order of time; to occur first with relation to
anything. "Harm precedes not sin." Milton.
2. To go before in place, rank, or importance.
3. To cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce; -- used with by
or with before the instrumental object. [R.]
It is usual to precede hostilities by a public declaration. Kent.
Precedence, Precedency
Pre*ced"ence (?), Pre*ced"en*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82c\'82dence. See
Precede.]
1. The act or state of preceding or going before in order of time;
priority; as, one event has precedence of another.
2. The act or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or
the place of honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank;
as, barons have precedence of commoners.
Which of them [the different desires] has the precedency in
determining the will to the next action? Locke.
Syn. -- Antecedence; priority; pre\'89minence; preference;
superiority.
Precedent
Pre*ced"ent (?), a. [L. praecedens, -entis, p. pr. of praecedere: cf.
F. pr\'82c\'82dent. See Precede.] Going before; anterior; preceding;
antecedent; as, precedent services. Shak. "A precedent injury." Bacon.
Condition precedent (Law), a condition which precede the vesting of an
estate, or the accruing of a right.
Precedent
Prec"e*dent (?), n.
1. Something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a
subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.
Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only. Hooker.
2. A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a
prognostic; a token; a sign. [Obs.]
3. A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy. [Obs.]
Shak.
4. (Law) A judicial decision which serves as a rule for future
determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be
followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in
similar cases. Wharton. Syn. -- Example; antecedent. -- Precedent,
Example. An example in a similar case which may serve as a rule or
guide, but has no authority out of itself. A precedent is something
which comes down to us from the past with the sanction of usage and of
common consent. We quote examples in literature, and precedents in
law.
Precedented
Prec"e*dent*ed, a. Having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an
example of a like kind. Walpole.
Precedential
Prec`e*den"tial (?), a. Of the nature of a precedent; having force as
an example for imitation; as, precedential transactions.
All their actions in that time are not precedential to warrant
posterity. Fuller.
Precedently
Pre*ced"ent*ly (?), adv. Beforehand; antecedently.
Preceding
Pre*ced"ing, a.
1. Going before; -- opposed to following.
2. (Astron.) In the direction toward which stars appear to move. See
Following, 2.
Precel
Pre*cel" (?), v. t. & i. [See Precellence.] To surpass; to excel; to
exceed. [Obs.] Howell.
Precellence, Precellency
Pre*cel"lence (?), Pre*cel"len*cy (?), n. [L. praecellentia, from
praecellens, p. pr. of praecellere to excel, surpass: cf. OF.
precellence.] Excellence; superiority. [Obs.] Sheldon.
Precellent
Pre*cel"lent (?), a. [L. praecellens, p. pr.] Excellent; surpassing.
[Obs.] Holland.
Precentor
Pre*cen"tor (?), n. [L. praecentor, fr. praecinere to sing before;
prae before + canere to sing. See Chant.] A leader of a choir; a
directing singer. Specifically: (a) The leader of the choir in a
cathedral; -- called also the chanter or master of the choir. Hook.
(b) The leader of the congregational singing in Scottish and other
churches.
Precentorship
Pre*cen"tor*ship, n. The office of a precentor.
Precent
Pre"cent (?), n. [L. praeceptum, from praecipere to take beforehand,
to instruct, teach; prae before + capere to take: cf. F. pr\'82cepte.
See Pre-, and Capacious.]
1. Any commandment, instruction, or order intended as an authoritative
rule of action; esp., a command respecting moral conduct; an
injunction; a rule.
For precept must be upon precept. Isa. xxviii. 10.
No arts are without their precepts. Dryden.
2. (Law) A command in writing; a species of writ or process. Burrill.
Syn. -- Commandment; injunction; mandate; law; rule; direction;
principle; maxim. See Doctrine.
Precept
Pre"cept, v. t. To teach by precepts. [Obs.] Bacon.
Preceptial
Pre*cep"tial (?), a. Preceptive. [Obs.]
[Passion] would give preceptial medicine to rage. Shak.
Preception
Pre*cep"tion (?), n. [L. praeceptio.] A precept. [R.] Bp. Hall.
Preceptive
Pre*cep"tive (?), a. [L. praeceptivus.] Containing or giving precepts;
of the nature of precepts; didactic; as, the preceptive parts of the
Scriptures.
The lesson given us here is preceptive to us. L'Estrange.
Preceptor
Pre*cep"tor (?), n. [L. praeceptor, fr. praecipere to teach: cf. F.
pr\'82cepteur. See Precept.]
1. One who gives commands, or makes rules; specifically, the master or
principal of a school; a teacher; an instructor.
2. The head of a preceptory among the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott.
Preceptorial
Pre`cep*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a preceptor.
Preceptory
Pre*cep"to*ry (?; 277), a. Preceptive. "A law preceptory." Anderson
(1573).
Preceptory
Pre*cep"to*ry, n.; pl. Preceptories (#). [LL. praeceptoria an estate
assigned to a preceptor, from L. praeceptor a commander, ruler,
teacher, in LL., procurator, administrator among the Knights Templars.
See Preceptor.] A religious house of the Knights Templars, subordinate
to the temple or principal house of the order in London. See
Commandery, n., 2.
Preceptress
Pre*cep"tress (?), n. A woman who is the principal of a school; a
female teacher.
Precession
Pre*ces"sion (?), n. [L. praecedere, praecessum, to go before: cf. F.
pr\'82cession. See Precede.] The act of going before, or forward.
Lunisolar precession. (Astron.) See under Lunisolar. -- Planetary
precession, that part of the precession of the equinoxes which depends
on the action of the planets alone. -- Precession of the equinoxes
(Astron.), the slow backward motion of the equinoctial points along
the ecliptic, at the rate of 50.2&sec; annually, caused by the action
of the sun, moon, and planets, upon the protuberant matter about the
earth's equator, in connection with its diurnal rotation; -- so called
because either equinox, owing to its westerly motion, comes to the
meridian sooner each day than the point it would have occupied without
the motion of precession, and thus precedes that point continually
with reference to the time of transit and motion.
Precessional
Pre*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pression; as, the
precessional movement of the equinoxes.
Precessor
Pre*ces"sor (?), n. [L. praecessor.] A predecessor. [Obs.] Fuller.
Precinct
Pre"cinct (?; 277), n. [LL. praecinctum, fr. L. praecingere,
praecinctum, to gird about, to encompass; prae before + cingere to
gird, surround. See Pre-, and Cincture.]
1. The limit or exterior line encompassing a place; a boundary; a
confine; limit of jurisdiction or authority; -- often in the plural;
as, the precincts of a state. "The precincts of light." Milton.
2. A district within certain boundaries; a minor territorial or
jurisdictional division; as, an election precinct; a school precinct.
3. A parish or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed
for its support. [U.S.]
The parish, or precinct, shall proceed to a new choice. Laws of
Massachusetts.
Preciosity
Pre`ci*os"i*ty (?), n. Preciousness; something precious. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.
Precious
Pre"cious (?), a. [OF. precious, precius, precios, F. pr\'82cieux, L.
pretiosus, fr. pretium price, worth, value. See Price.]
1. Of great price; costly; as, a precious stone. "The precious bane."
Milton.
2. Of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear;
beloved; as, precious recollections.
She is more precious than rules. Prov. iii. 15.
Many things which are most precious are neglected only because the
value of them lieth hid. Hooker.
NOTE: Also used ironically; as, a precious rascal.
3. Particular; fastidious; overnice. [Obs.]
Lest that precious folk be with me wroth. Chaucer.
Precious metals, the uncommon and highly valuable metals, esp. gold
and silver. -- Precious stones, gems; jewels.
Preciously
Pre"cious*ly, adv. In a precious manner; expensively; extremely;
dearly. Also used ironically.
Preciousness
Pre"cious*ness, n. The quality or state of being precious; costliness;
dearness.
Precipe
Prec"i*pe (?), n. (Law) See Pr\'91cipe, and Precept.
Precipice
Prec"i*pice (?), n. [F. pr\'82cipice, L. praecipitium, fr. praeceps,
-cipitis, headlong; prae before + caput, capitis, the head. See Pre-,
and Chief.]
1. A sudden or headlong fall. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. A headlong steep; a very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging
place; an abrupt declivity; a cliff.
Where wealth like fruit on precipices grew. Dryden.
Precipient
Pre*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. praecipiens, p. pr. See Precept.]
Commanding; directing.
Precipitability
Pre*cip`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being
precipitable.
Precipitable
Pre*cip"i*ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being precipitated, or cast to the
bottom, as a substance in solution. See Precipitate, n. (Chem.)
Precipitance, Precipitancy
Pre*cip"i*tance (?), Pre*cip"i*tan*cy (?), n. [From Precipitant.] The
quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate; headlong hurry;
excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an opinion, or executing
a purpose; precipitation; as, the precipitancy of youth. "Precipitance
of judgment." I. Watts.
Precipitant
Pre*cip"i*tant (?), a. [L. praecipitans, -antis, p. pr. of
praecipitare: cf. F. pr\'82cipitant. See Precipitate.]
1. Falling or rushing headlong; rushing swiftly, violently, or
recklessly; moving precipitately.
They leave their little lives Above the clouds, precipitant to
earth. J. Philips.
Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold, Precipitant in
fear would wing their flight. Pope.
2. Unexpectedly or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried;
hasty; sudden; reckless. Jer. Taylor. "Precipitant rebellion." Eikon
Basilike.
Precipitant
Pre*cip"i*tant, n. (Chem.) Any force or reagent which causes the
formation of a precipitate.
Precipitantly
Pre*cip"i*tant*ly, adv. With rash or foolish haste; in headlong
manner. Milton.
Precipitantness
Pre*cip"i*tant*ness, n. The quality or state of being precipitant;
precipitation.
Precipitate
Pre*cip"i*tate (?), a. [L. praecipitatus, p. p. of praecipitare to
precipitate, fr. praeceps headlong. See Precipice.]
1. Overhasty; rash; as, the king was too precipitate in declaring war.
Clarendon.
2. Lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the
time; as, a precipitate measure. "The rapidity of our too precipitate
course." Landor.
3. Falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong.
Precipitate the furious torrent flows. Prior.
4. Ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; as, a precipitate case of
disease. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.
Precipitate
Pre*cip"i*tate (?), n. [NL. praecipitatum: cf. F. pr\'82cipit\'82.]
(Chem.) An insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete
state by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some
force, such as heat or cold. The precipitate may fall to the bottom
(whence the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float
at or near the surface. Red precipitate (Old. Chem), mercuric oxide
(HgO) a heavy red crystalline powder obtained by heating mercuric
nitrate, or by heating mercury in the air. Prepared in the latter
manner, it was the precipitate per se of the alchemists. -- White
precipitate (Old Chem.) (a) A heavy white amorphous powder (NH2.HgCl)
obtained by adding ammonia to a solution of mercuric chloride or
corrosive sublimate; -- formerly called also infusible white
precipitate, and now amido-mercuric chloride. (b) A white crystalline
substance obtained by adding a solution of corrosive sublimate to a
solution of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride); -- formerly called also
fusible white precipitate.
Precipitate
Pre*cip"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precipitated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Precipitating.]
1. To throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice or height.
She and her horse had been precipitated to the pebbled region of
the river. W. Irving.
2. To urge or press on with eager haste or violence; to cause to
happen, or come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; as, precipitate a
journey, or a conflict.
Back to his sight precipitates her steps. Glover.
If they be daring, it may precipitate their designs, and prove
dangerous. Bacon.
3. (Chem.) To separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form
of a precipitate; as, water precipitates camphor when in solution with
alcohol.
The light vapor of the preceding evening had been precipitated by
the cold. W. Irving.
Precipitate
Pre*cip"i*tate, v. i.
1. To dash or fall headlong. [R.]
So many fathom down precipitating. Shak.
2. To hasten without preparation. [R.]
3. (Chem.) To separate from a solution as a precipitate. See
Precipitate, n.
Precipitately
Pre*cip"i*tate*ly (?), adv. In a precipitate manner; headlong;
hastily; rashly. Swift.
Precipitation
Pre*cip`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praecipitatio: cf. F. pr\'82cipitation.]
1. The act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or
thrown headlong.
In peril of precipitation From off rock Tarpeian. Shak.
2. A falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and rapidity.
The hurry, precipitation, and rapid motion of the water, returning
. . . towards the sea. Woodward.
3. Great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; impetuosity. "The
precipitation of inexperience." Rambler.
4. (Chem.) The act or process from a solution.
Precipitator
Pre*cip"i*ta`tor (?), n. [L. praecipitator an overthrower.] One who
precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness. Hammond.
Precipitious
Prec`i*pi"tious (?), a. Precipitous. [Obs.] -- Prec`i*pi"tious*ly,
adv. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Precipitous
Pre*cip"i*tous (?), a. [L. praeceps, -cipitis: cf. OF. precipiteux.
See Precipice.]
1. Steep, like a precipice; as, a precipitous cliff or mountain.
2. Headlong; as, precipitous fall.
3. Hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; as, precipitous attempts.
Sir T. Browne. "Marian's low, precipitous \'bfHush!'" Mrs. Browning.
-- Pre*cip"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ness, n.
Pr Pr (?), n. [F. See Precise.] A concise or abridged statement or view; an
abstract; a summary.
Precise
Pre*cise" (?), a. [L. praecisus cut off, brief, concise, p. p. of
praecidere to cut off in front, to cut off; prae before + caedere to
cut: cf. F. pr\'82cis. Cf. Concise.]
1. Having determinate limitations; exactly or sharply defined or
stated; definite; exact; nice; not vague or equivocal; as, precise
rules of morality.
The law in this point is not precise. Bacon.
For the hour precise Exacts our parting hence. Milton.
2. Strictly adhering or conforming to rule; very nice or exact;
punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious. Addison.
He was ever precise in promise-keeping. Shak.
Syn. -- Accurate; exact; definite; correct; scrupulous; punctilious;
particular; nice; formal. See Accurate. -- Pre*cise"ly, adv. --
Pre*cise"ness, n.
Precisian
Pre*ci"sian (?), n.
1. One who limits, or restrains. [Obs.]
2. An overprecise person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the
observance of rules; a formalist; -- formerly applied to the English
Puritans.
The most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of
the emancipated precisian. Macaulay.
Precisianism
Pre*ci"sian*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being a precisian; the
practice of a precisian. Milton.
Precisianist
Pre*ci"sian*ist, n. A precisian.
Precision
Pre*ci"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82cision, L. praecisio a cutting off.
See Precise.] The quality or state of being precise; exact limitation;
exactness; accuracy; strict conformity to a rule or a standard;
definiteness.
I have left out the utmost precisions of fractions. Locke.
Syn. -- Preciseness; exactness; accuracy; nicety. -- Precision,
Preciseness. Precision is always used in a good sense; as, precision
of thought or language; precision in military evolutions. Preciseness
is sometimes applied to persons or their conduct in a disparaging
sense, and precise is often used in the same way.
Precisive
Pre*ci"sive (?), a. Cutting off; (Logic) exactly limiting by cutting
off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive
censure; precisive abstraction. I. Watts.
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Preclude
Pre*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Precluding.] [L. praecludere, praeclusum; prae before + claudere to
shut. See Close, v.]
1. To put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to hinder; to stop; to
impede.
The valves preclude the blood from entering the veins. E. Darwin.
2. To shut out by anticipative action; to prevent or hinder by
necessary consequence or implication; to deter action of, access to,
employment of, etc.; to render ineffectual; to obviate by
anticipation.
This much will obviate and preclude the objections. Bentley.
Preclusion
Pre*clu"sion (?), n. [L. praeclusio. See Preclude.] The act of
precluding, or the state of being precluded; a shutting out.
Preclusive
Pre*clu"sive (?), a. Shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude;
hindering. -- Pre*clu"sive*ly, adv.
Precoce
Pre*coce" (?), a. [F. pr\'82coce.] Precocious. [Obs.]
Precoces
Pre"co*ces, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pr\'91coces.
Precocious
Pre*co"cious (?), a. [L. praecox, -ocis, and praecoquus, fr.
praecoquere to cook or ripen beforehand; prae before + coquere to
cook. See 3d Cook, and cf. Apricot.]
1. Ripe or mature before the proper or natural time; early or
prematurely ripe or developed; as, precocious trees. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.
2. Developed more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding
what is to be expected of one's years; too forward; -- used especially
of mental forwardness; as, a precocious child; precocious talents.
Precociously
Pre*co"cious*ly, adv. In a precocious manner.
Precociousness, Precocity
Pre*co"cious*ness, Pre*coc"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82cocit\'82.] The
quality or state of being precocious; untimely ripeness; premature
development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness.
Saucy precociousness in learning. Bp. Mannyngham.
That precocity which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius. Wirt.
Precoetanean
Pre*co`e*ta"ne*an (?), n. One contemporary with, but older than,
another. [Obs.] Fuller.
Precogitate
Pre*cog"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. praecogitatus, p. p. of praecogitare.
See Pre-, and Cogitate.] To cogitate beforehand. [R.] Sherwood.
Precogita/tion
Pre*cog`i*ta/tion (?), n. [L. praecogitatio.] Previous cogitation.
[R.] Bailey.
Precognition
Pre`cog*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praecognitio, fr. praecognoscere to
foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.]
1. Previous cognition. Fotherby.
2. (Scots Law) A preliminary examination of a criminal case with
reference to a prosecution. Erskine.
Precognizable
Pre*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Cognizable beforehand.
Precognosce
Pre*cog"nosce (?), v. t. [L. praecognoscere to foreknow.] (Scots Law)
To examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence.
A committee of nine precognoscing the chances. Masson.
Precollection
Pre`col*lec"tion (?), n. A collection previously made. [R.]
Precompose
Pre`com*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precomposed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Precomposing.] To compose beforehand. Johnson.
Preconceit
Pre`con*ceit" (?), n. An opinion or notion formed beforehand; a
preconception. Hooker.
Preconceive
Pre`con*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconceived (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Preconceiving.] To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to
form a previous notion or idea of.
In a dead plain the way seemeth the longer, because the eye hath
preconceived it shorter than the truth. Bacon.
Preconception
Pre`con*cep"tion (?), n. The act of preconceiving; conception or
opinion previously formed.
Preconcert
Pre`con*cert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconcerted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preconcerting.] To concert or arrange beforehand; to settle by
previous agreement.
Preconcert
Pre*con"cert (?), n. Something concerted or arranged beforehand; a
previous agreement.
Preconcerted
Pre`con*cert"ed (?), a. Previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand.
-- Pre`con*cert"ed*ly, adv. -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ness, n.
Preconcertion
Pre`con*cer"tion (?), n. The act of preconcerting; preconcert. Dr. T.
Dwight.
Precondemn
Pre`con*demn` (?), v. t. To condemn beforehand. -- Pre*con`dem*na"tion
(#), n.
Precondition
Pre`con*di"tion (?), n. A previous or antecedent condition; a
preliminary condition.
Preconform
Pre`con*form" (?), v. t. & i. To conform by way anticipation. De
Quincey.
Preconformity
Pre`con*form"i*ty (?), n. Anticipative or antecedent conformity.
Coleridge.
Preconizate
Pre*con"i*zate (?), v. t. [Cf. F. pr\'82coniser.] To proclaim; to
publish; also, to summon; to call. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.
Preconization
Pre*con`i*za"tion (?), n. [L. praeconium a crying out in public, fr.
praeco, -onis, a crier, a herald: cf. F. pr\'82conisation.]
1. A publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation. Bp. Hall.
2. (Eccl.) A formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to
an ecclesiastical dignity. Addis & Arnold.
Preconize
Pre"con*ize (?), v. t. (Eccl.) To approve by preconization.
Preconquer
Pre*con"quer (?), v. t. To conquer in anticipation. [R.] Fuller.
Preconscious
Pre*con""scious (?), a. Of or pertaining to a state before
consciousness.
Preconsent
Pre`con*sent" (?), n. A previous consent.
Preconsign
Pre`con*sign" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconsigned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Preconsigning.] To consign beforehand; to make a previous
consignment of.
Preconsolidated
Pre`con*sol"i*da`ted (?), a. Consolidated beforehand.
Preconstitute
Pre*con"sti*tute (?), v. t. To constitute or establish beforehand.
Precontract
Pre`con*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precontracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Precontracting.] To contract, engage, or stipulate previously.
Precontract
Pre`con*tract" (?), v. i. To make a previous contract or agreement.
Ayliffe.
Precontract
Pre*con"tract (?), n. A contract preceding another; especially (Law),
a contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered
void a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it. Abbott.
Precontrive
Pre`con*trive" (?), v. t. & i. To contrive or plan beforehand.
Precoracoid
Pre*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) The anterior part of the coracoid
(often closely united with the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of
many reptiles and amphibians.
Precordial
Pre*cor"di*al (?), a. [Pref. pre- + L. cor, cordis, heart: cf. F.
pr\'82cordial.] (Anat.) Situated in front of the heart; of or
pertaining to the pr\'91cordia.
Precrural
Pre*cru"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the leg or thigh; as,
the precrural glands of the horse.
Precurrer
Pre*cur"rer (?), n. A precursor. [Obs.] Shak.
Precurse
Pre*curse" (?), n. [L. praecursus.] A forerunning. [Obs.] Shak.
Precursive
Pre*cur"sive (?), a. Preceding; introductory; precursory. "A deep
precursive sound." Coleridge.
Precursor
Pre*cur"sor (?), n. [L. praecursor, fr. praecurrere to run before;
prae before + currere to run. See Course.] One who, or that which,
precedes an event, and indicates its approach; a forerunner; a
harbinger.
Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the storms
and tempests of the soul. Buckminster.
Syn. -- Predecessor; forerunner; harbinger; messenger; omen; sign.
Precursorship
Pre*cur"sor*ship, n. The position or condition of a precursor. Ruskin.
Precursory
Pre*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L. praecursorius.] Preceding as a precursor or
harbinger; indicating something to follow; as, precursory symptoms of
a fever.
Precursory
Pre*cur"so*ry, n. An introduction. [Obs.]
Predacean
Pre*da"cean (?), n. [L. praeda prey.] (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous animal.
Kirby.
Predaceous
Pre*da"ceous (?), a. [L. praeda prey. See Prey.] Living by prey;
predatory. Derham.
Predal
Pre"dal (?), a. [L. praeda prey.] Of or pertaining to prey;
plundering; predatory. [R.] Boyse.
Predate
Pre*date" (?), v. t. To date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an
earlier than the actual date; to antedate; as, a predated deed or
letter.
Predation
Pre*da"tion (?), n. [L. praedatio, fr. praedari to plunder.] The act
of pillaging. E. Hall.
Predatorily
Pred"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a predatory manner.
Predatory
Pred"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. praedatorius, fr. praedari to plunder, fr.
praeda prey. See Prey.]
1. Characterized by plundering; practicing rapine; plundering;
pillaging; as, a predatory excursion; a predatory party. "A predatory
war." Macaulay.
2. Hungry; ravenous; as, predatory spirits. [Obs.]
Exercise . . . maketh the spirits more hot and predatory. Bacon.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous.
Prede
Prede (?), v. i. [L. praedari. See Prey.] To prey; to plunder. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
Prede
Prede, n. Prey; plunder; booty. [Obs.] Holinshed.
Predecay
Pre"de*cay` (?), n. Premature decay.
Predecease
Pre`de*cease (?), v. t. To die sooner than. "If children predecease
progenitors." Shak.
Predecease
Pre"de*cease` (?), n. The death of one person or thing before another.
[R.] Brougham.
Predecessive
Pred`e*ces"sive (?), a. Going before; preceding. "Our predecessive
students." Massinger.
Predecessor
Pred`e*ces"sor (?; 277), n. [L. praedecessor; prae before + decessor
one who withdraws from the province he has governed, a retiring
officer (with reference to his successor), a predecessor, fr.
decedere: cf. F. pr\'82d\'82cesseur. See Decease.] One who precedes;
one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one
whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.
A prince who was as watchful as his predecessor had been over the
interests of the state. Prescott.
Predeclare
Pre`de*clare" (?), v. t. To declare or announce beforehand; to
preannounce. Milman.
Prededication
Pre*ded`i*ca"tion (?), n. A dedication made previously or beforehand.
Predefine
Pre`de*fine (?), v. t. To define beforehand.
Predeliberation
Pre`de*lib`er*a"tion, n. Previous deliberation.
Predelineation
Pre`de*lin`e*a"tion, n. Previous delineation.
Predella
Pre*del"la (?), n. [It.] The step, or raised secondary part, of an
altar; a superaltar; hence, in Italian painting, a band or frieze of
several pictures running along the front of a superaltar, or forming a
border or frame at the foot of an altarpiece.
Predesign
Pre`de*sign" (?), v. t. To design or purpose beforehand; to
predetermine. Mitford.
Predesignate
Pre*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic) A term used by Sir William Hamilton to
define propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign;
as, all, none, etc.; -- contrasted with preindesignate, defining
propositions of which the quantity is not so indicated.
Predestinarian
Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to predestination; as,
the predestinarian controversy. Waterland.
Predestinarian
Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an, n. One who believes in or supports the doctrine
of predestination. Dr. H. More.
Predestinarianism
Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an*ism (?), n. The system or doctrine of the
predestinarians.
Predestinary
Pre*des"ti*na*ry (?), a. Predestinarian. [Obs.] Heylin.
Predestinate
Pre*des"ti*nate (?), a. [L. praedestinatus, p. p. of praedestinare to
predestine; prae before + destinare to determine. See Destine.]
Predestinated; foreordained; fated. "A predestinate scratched face."
Shak.
Predestinate
Pre*des"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestinated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Predestinating.] [Cf. Predestine.] To predetermine or
foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose
or decree; to pre\'89lect.
Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to
the image of his Son. Rom. viii. 29.
Syn. -- To predetermine; foreordain; preordain; decree; predestine;
foredoom.
Predestination
Pre*des`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. praedestinatio: cf. F.
pr\'82destination.]
1. The act of predestinating.
Predestination had overruled their will. Milton.
2. (Theol.) The purpose of Good from eternity respecting all events;
especially, the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or
misery. See Calvinism.
Predestinative
Pre*des"ti*na*tive (?), a. Determining beforehand; predestinating.
[R.] Coleridge.
Predestinator
Pre*des"ti*na`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82destinateur.]
1. One who predestinates, or foreordains.
2. One who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian.
Cowley.
Predestine
Pre*des"tine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Predestining.] [Cf. F. pr\'82destiner. See Predestinate.] To decree
beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate. Young.
Predestiny
Pre*des"ti*ny (?), n. Predestination. [Obs.]
Predeterminable
Pre`de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being determined beforehand.
Coleridge.
Predeterminate
Pre`de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. Determined beforehand; as, the
predeterminate counsel of God.
Predetermination
Pre`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82d\'82termination.] The act
of previous determination; a purpose formed beforehand; as, the
predetermination of God's will. Hammond.
Predetermine
Pre`de*ter"mine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predetermined (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Predermining.] [Pref. pre- + determine: cf. F.
pr\'82d\'82terminer.]
1. To determine (something) beforehand. Sir M. Hale.
2. To doom by previous decree; to foredoom.
Predetermine
Pre`de*ter"mine, v. i. To determine beforehand.
Predial
Pre"di*al (?), a. [L. praedium a farm, estate: cf. F. pr\'82dial.]
1. Consisting of land or farms; landed; as, predial estate; that is,
real estate. Ayliffe.
2. Attached to land or farms; as, predial slaves.
3. Issuing or derived from land; as, predial tithes.
Prediastolic
Pre*di`as*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the diastole of the
heart; as, a prediastolic friction sound.
Predicability
Pred`i*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being predicable,
or affirmable of something, or attributed to something. Reid.
Predicable
Pred"i*ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82dicable, L. praedicabilis
praiseworthy. See Predicate.] Capable of being predicated or affirmed
of something; affirmable; attributable.
Predicable
Pred"i*ca*ble, n.
1. Anything affirmable of another; especially, a general attribute or
notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many individuals.
2. (Logic) One of the five most general relations of attributes
involved in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference,
property, and accident.
Predicament
Pre*dic"a*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82dicament, L. praedicamentum. See
Predicate.]
1. A class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, condition;
particular situation or state; especially, an unfortunate or trying
position or condition. "O woeful sympathy; piteous predicament!" Shak.
2. (Logic) See Category. Syn. -- Category; condition; state; plight.
Predicamental
Pre*dic`a*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a predicament. John Hall
(1646).
Predicant
Pred"i*cant (?), a. [L. praedicans, -antis, p. pr. of praedicare. See
Predicate.] Predicating; affirming; declaring; proclaiming; hence;
preaching. "The Roman predicant orders." N. Brit. Rev.
Predicant
Pred"i*cant, n. One who predicates, affirms, or proclaims;
specifically, a preaching friar; a Dominican.
Predicate
Pred"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Predicating.] [L. praedicatus, p. p. of praedicare to cry in public,
to proclaim. See Preach.]
1. To assert to belong to something; to affirm (one thing of another);
as, to predicate whiteness of snow.
2. To found; to base. [U.S.]
NOTE: &hand; Pr edicate is sometimes used in the United States for
found or base; as, to predicate an argument on certain principles;
to predicate a statement on information received. Predicate is a
term in logic, and used only in a single case, namely, when we
affirm one thing of another. "Similitude is not predicated of
essences or substances, but of figures and qualities only."
Cudworth.
Predicate
Pred"i*cate, v. i. To affirm something of another thing; to make an
affirmation. Sir M. Hale.
Predicate
Pred"i*cate (?), n. [L. praedicatum, neut. of praedicatus, p. p.
praedicare: cf. F. pr\'82dicat. See Predicate, v. t.]
1. (Logic) That which is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these
propositions, "Paper is white," "Ink is not white," whiteness is the
predicate affirmed of paper and denied of ink.
2. (Gram.) The word or words in a proposition which express what is
affirmed of the subject. Syn. -- Affirmation; declaration.
Predicate
Pred"i*cate, a. [L. praedicatus, p. p.] Predicated.
Predication
Pred`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praedicatio: cf. F. pr\'82dication.]
1. The act of predicating, or of affirming one thing of another;
affirmation; assertion. Locke.
2. Preaching. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
Predicative
Pred"i*ca*tive (?), a. [L. praedicativus.] Expressing affirmation or
predication; affirming; predicating, as, a predicative term. --
Pred"i*ca*tive*ly, adv.
Predicatory
Pred"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. praedicatorius praising.] Affirmative;
positive. Bp. Hall.
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Predicrotic
Pre`di*crot"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) A term applied to the pulse wave
sometimes seen in a pulse curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of
the curve and the dicrotic wave.
The predicrotic or tidal wave is best marked in a hard pulse, i.
e., where the blood pressure is high. Landois & Stirling.
Predict
Pre*dict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predicting.] [L. praedictus, p. p. of praedicere to predict; prae
before + dicere to say, tell. See Diction, and cf. Preach.] To tell or
declare beforehand; to foretell; to prophesy; to presage; as, to
predict misfortune; to predict the return of a comet. Syn. -- To
foretell; prophesy; prognosticate; presage; forebode; foreshow; bode.
Predict
Pre*dict", n. A prediction. [Obs.] Shak.
Predictable
Pre*dict"a*ble (?), a. That may be predicted.
Prediction
Pre*dic"tion (?), n. [L. praedictio: cf. F. pr\'82diction.] The act of
foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy.
The predictions of cold and long winters. Bacon.
Syn. -- Prophecy; prognostication; foreboding; augury; divination;
soothsaying; vaticination.
Predictional
Pre*dic"tion*al (?), a. Prophetic; prognostic. [R.]
Predictive
Pre*dict"ive (?), a. [L. praedictivus.] Foretelling; prophetic;
foreboding. -- Pre*dict"ive*ly, adv.
Predictor
Pre*dict"or (?), n. One who predicts; a foreteller.
Predictory
Pre*dict"o*ry (?), a. Predictive. [R.] Fuller.
Predigest
Pre`di*gest" (?), v. t. (Med.) To subject (food) to predigestion or
artificial digestion.
Predigestion
Pre`di*ges"tion (?), n.
1. Digestion too soon performed; hasty digestion. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. (Med.) Artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired
digestion.
Predilect
Pre`di*lect" (?), v. t. To elect or choose beforehand. [R.] Walter
Harte.
Predilection
Pre`di*lec"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. dilectus, p. p. diligere to
prefer: cf. F. pr\'82dilection. See Diligent.] A previous liking; a
prepossession of mind in favor of something; predisposition to choose
or like; partiality. Burke.
Prediscover
Pre`dis*cov"er (?), v. t. To discover beforehand.
Prediscovery
Pre`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. A previous discovery.
Predisponency
Pre`dis*po"nen*cy (?), n. The state of being predisposed;
predisposition. [R.]
Predisponent
Pre`dis*po"nent (?), a. Disposing beforehand; predisposing. -- n. That
which predisposes. Predisponent causes. (Med.) See Predisposing
causes, under Predispose. Dunglison.
Predispose
Pre`dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predisposed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Predisposing.] [Pref. pre- + dispose: cf. F. pr\'82disposer.]
1. To dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias
to; as, to predispose the mind to friendship.
2. To make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; as,
debility predisposes the body to disease.
Predisposing causes (Med.), causes which render the body liable to
disease; predisponent causes.
Predisposition
Pre*dis`po*si"tion (?), n.[Pref. pre- + disposition: cf. F.
pr\'82disposition.]
1. The act of predisposing, or the state of being predisposed;
previous inclination, tendency, or propensity; predilection; --
applied to the mind; as, a predisposition to anger.
2. Previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression, or
purpose; susceptibility; -- applied to material things; as, the
predisposition of the body to disease.
Predominance
Pre*dom"i*nance (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82dominance.]
1. The quality or state of being predominant; superiority; ascendency;
prevalence; predomination.
The predominance of conscience over interest. South.
2. (Astrol.) The superior influence of a planet. Shak.
Predominancy
Pre*dom"i*nan*cy (?), n. Predominance. Bacon.
Predominant
Pre*dom"i*nant (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82dominant. See Predominante.]
Having the ascendency over others; superior in strength, influence, or
authority; prevailing; as, a predominant color; predominant
excellence.
Those help . . . were predominant in the king's mind. Bacon.
Foul subordination is predominant. Shak.
Syn. -- Prevalent; superior; prevailing; ascendant; ruling; reigning;
controlling; overruling.
Predominantly
Pre*dom"i*nant*ly, adv. In a predominant manner.
Predominate
Pre*dom"i*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Predominated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Predominating.] [Pref. pre- + dominate: cf. F. pr\'82dominer.] To
be superior in number, strength, influence, or authority; to have
controlling power or influence; to prevail; to rule; to have the
mastery; as, love predominated in her heart.
[Certain] rays may predominate over the rest. Sir. I. Newton.
Predominate
Pre*dom"i*nate, v. t. To rule over; to overpower. [R.]
Predomination
Pre*dom`i*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82domination.] The act or state
of predominating; ascendency; predominance. W. Browne.
Predoom
Pre*doom" (?), v. t. To foredoom.
Predorsal
Pre*dor"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the back; immediately
in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral
column.
Predy
Pre"dy (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'88t ready.] Cleared and ready for
engagement, as a ship. Smart.
Preedy
Preed"y (?), adv. With ease. [Prov. Eng.]
Preef
Preef (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pre\'89lect
Pre`\'89*lect" (?), v. t. To elect beforehand.
Pre\'89lection
Pre`\'89*lec"tion (?), n. Election beforehand.
Pre\'89minence
Pre*\'89m"i*nence (?), n. [F. pr\'82\'82minence, L. praeeminentia. See
Pre\'89minent.] The quality or state of being pre\'89minent;
superiority in prominence or in excellence; distinction above others
in quality, rank, etc.; rarely, in a bad sense, superiority or
notoriety in evil; as, pre\'89minence in honor.
The pre\'89minence of Christianity to any other religious scheme.
Addison.
Painful pre\'89minence! yourself to view Above life's weakness, and
its comforts too. Pope.
Beneath the forehead's walled pre\'89minence. Lowell.
Pre\'89minent
Pre*\'89m"i*nent (?), a. [L. praeminens, -entis, p. pr. praeminere to
be prominent, to surpass: cf. F. pr\'82\'82minent. See Pre-, and
Eminent.] Eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent;
superior in excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others;
rarely, surpassing others in evil, or in bad qualities; as,
pre\'89minent in guilt.
In goodness and in power pre\'89minent. Milton.
Pre\'89minently
Pre*\'89m"i*nent*ly, adv. In a pre\'89minent degree.
Pre\'89mploy
Pre`\'89m*ploy (?), v. t. To employ beforehand. "Pre\'89mployed by
him." Shak.
Pre\'89mpt
Pre*\'89mpt" (?; 215), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89mpted; p. pr. &
vb. n. Pre\'89mpting.] [See Pre\'89mption.] To settle upon (public
land) with a right of preemption, as under the laws of the United
States; to take by pre\'89mption.
Pre\'89mption
Pre*\'89mp"tion (?; 215), n. [Pref. pre- + emption: cf. F.
pr\'82emption. See Redeem.] The act or right of purchasing before
others. Specifically: (a) The privilege or prerogative formerly
enjoyed by the king of buying provisions for his household in
preference to others. [Eng.] (b) The right of an actual settler upon
public lands (particularly those of the United States) to purchase a
certain portion at a fixed price in preference to all other
applicants. Abbott.
Pre\'89mptioner
Pre*\'89mp"tion*er (?), n. One who holds a prior to purchase certain
public land. Abbott.
Pre\'89mptive
Pre*\'89mp"tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to pre\'89mption; having
power to pre\'89mpt; pre\'89mpting.
Pre\'89mtor
Pre*\'89mt"or (?; 215), n. [Cf. L. praeemptor.] One who pre\'89mpts;
esp., one who pre\'89mpts public land.
Pre\'89mptory
Pre*\'89mpt"o*ry (?), a. Pertaining to pre\'89mption.
Preen
Preen (?), n. [AS. pre\'a2n a clasp, bodkin; akin to D. priem punch,
bodkin, awl, G. pfriem, Icel. prj&omac;nn a knitting needle, pin, Dan.
preen a bodkin, punch.] A forked tool used by clothiers in dressing
cloth.
Preen
Preen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preening.]
[See Preen, n.; or cf. Prune.]
1. To dress with, or as with, a preen; to trim or dress with the beak,
as the feathers; -- said of birds. Derham.
2. To trim up, as trees. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Pre\'89ngage
Pre`\'89n*gage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89ngaged (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Pre\'89ngaging (?).] To engage by previous contract; to bind or
attach previously; to preoccupy.
But he was pre\'89ngaged by former ties. Dryden.
Pre\'89ngagement
Pre`\'89n*gage"ment (?), n. Prior engagement, obligation, or
attachment, as by contract, promise, or affection.
My pre\'89ngagements to other themes were not unknown to those for
whom I was to write. Boyle.
Pre\'89rect
Pre`\'89*rect" (?), v. t. To erect beforehand.
Prees
Prees (?), n. Press; throng. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pre\'89stablish
Pre`\'89s*tab"lish, v. t. To establish beforehand.
Pre\'89stablishment
Pre`\'89s*tab"lish*ment, n. Settlement beforehand.
Pre\'89ternity
Pre`\'89*ter"ni*ty (?), n. Infinite previous duration. [R.] "The
world's pre\'89ternity." Cudworth.
Pre\'89xamination
Pre`\'89x*am`i*na"tion (?), n. Previous examination.
Pre\'89xamine
Pre`\'89x*am"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89xamined (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Pre\'89xamining.] To examine beforehand. <-- in orig,
"perexamined" had no dieresis over the second "e" because it was
broken by a hyphen at the end of a line. Thus this transcription is in
such cases style of the original rather than typographically
identical. Similarly, above at "preengaged" and below, at "preexist"
-->
Pre\'89xist
Pre`\'89x*ist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89xisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pre\'89xisting.] To exist previously; to exist before something else.
Pre\'89xistence
Pre`\'89x*ist"ence (?), n.
1. Existence in a former state, or previous to something else.
Wisdom declares her antiquity and pre\'89xistence to all the works
of this earth. T. Burnet.
2. Existence of the soul before its union with the body; -- a doctrine
held by certain philosophers. Addison.
Pre\'89xistency
Pre`\'89x*ist"en*cy (?), n. Pre\'89xistence. [Obs.]
Pre\'89xistent
Pre`\'89x*ist"ent (?), a. Existing previously; preceding existence;
as, a pre\'89xistent state. Pope.
Pre\'89xistentism
Pre`\'89x*ist"ent*ism (?), n. (Philos.) The theory of a
pre\'89xistence of souls before their association with human bodies.
Emerson.
Pre\'89xistimation
Pre`\'89x*is`ti*ma"tion (?), n. Previous esteem or estimation. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pre\'89xpectation
Pre*\'89x`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Previous expectation.
Preface
Pref"ace (?; 48), n. [F. pr\'82face; cf. Sp. prefacio, prefacion, It.
prefazio, prefazione; all fr. L. praefatio, fr. praefari to speak or
say beforehand; prae before + fari, fatus, to speak. See Fate.]
1. Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as
introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series
of preliminary remarks.
This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak.
Heaven's high behest no preface needs. Milton.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass.
Addis & Arnold.
Proper preface (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.), a portion of the
communion service, preceding the prayer of consecration, appointed for
certain seasons. Syn. -- Introduction; preliminary; preamble; proem;
prelude; prologue.
Preface
Pref"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prefacing.] To introduce by a preface; to give a preface to; as, to
preface a book discourse.
Preface
Pref"ace, v. i. To make a preface. Jer. Taylor.
Prefacer
Pref"a*cer (?), n. The writer of a preface.
Prefatorial
Pref`a*to"ri*al (?), a. Prefatory.
Prefatorily
Pref"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prefatory manner; by way of preface.
Prefatory
Pref"a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface;
introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks.
That prefatory addition to the Creed. Dryden.
Prefect
Pre"fect (?), n. [L. praefectus, fr. praefectus, p. p. of praeficere
to set over; prae before + facere to make: cf. F. pr\'82fet.]
1. A Roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular
command, charge, department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts;
the prefect of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions;
the pretorian prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the
emperor's person.
2. A superintendent of a department who has control of its police
establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation.
[France] Brande & C.
3. In the Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a title of certain
dignitaries below the rank of bishop.
Apostolic prefect (R. C. Ch.), the head of a mission, not of episcopal
rank. Shipley.
Prefectorial
Pre`fec*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prefect.
Prefectship
Pre"fect*ship (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a prefect.
Prefecture
Pre"fec*ture (?; 277), n. [L. praefectura: cf. F. pr\'82fecture.] The
office, position, or jurisdiction of a prefect; also, his official
residence.
Prefecundation
Pre*fec`un*da"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A term collectively applied to
the changes or conditions preceding fecundation, especially to the
changes which the ovum undergoes before fecundation.
Prefecundatory
Pre`fe*cun"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to prefecundation.
Prefer
Pre*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preferring.] [F. pr\'82f\'82rer, L. praeferre; prae before + ferre to
bear or carry. See 1st Bear.]
1. To carry or bring (something) forward, or before one; hence, to
bring for consideration, acceptance, judgment, etc.; to offer; to
present; to proffer; to address; -- said especially of a request,
prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc.
He spake, and to her hand preferred the bowl. Pope.
Presently prefer his suit to C\'91sar. Shak.
Three tongues prefer strange orisons on high. Byron.
2. To go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass.
[Obs.] "Though maidenhood prefer bigamy." Chaucer.
3. To cause to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an
office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; to promote; as, to prefer an
officer to the rank of general.
I would prefer him to a better place. Shak.
4. To set above or before something else in estimation, favor, or
liking; to regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor;
to choose rather; -- often followed by to, before, or above.
If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. Ps. cxxxvii. 6.
Preferred an infamous peace before a most just war. Knolles.
Preferred stock, stock which takes a dividend before other capital
stock; -- called also preference stock and preferential stock. Syn. --
To choose; elect. See Choose.
Preferability
Pref`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preferable;
preferableness. J. S. Mill.
Preferable
Pref"er*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82f\'82rable.] Worthy to be
preferred or chosen before something else; more desirable; as, a
preferable scheme. Addison.
Preferableness
Pref"er*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being preferable.
Preferably
Pref"er*a*bly, adv. In preference; by choice.
To choose Plautus preferably to Terence. Dennis.
Preference
Pref"er*ence (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82f\'82rence.]
1. The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting
of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation;
predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as,
to give him his preference.
Leave the critics on either side to contend about the preference
due to this or that sort of poetry. Dryden.
Knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and
preference of one man's knowledge over another's. Locke.
2. That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor;
as, which is your preference?
Preferential
Pref`er*en"tial (?), a. Giving, indicating, or having a preference or
precedence; as, a preferential claim; preferential shares.
Preferment
Pre*fer"ment (?), n.
1. The act of choosing, or the state of being chosen; preference. [R.]
Natural preferment of the one . . . before the other. Sir T.
Browne.
2. The act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the state
of being advanced; promotion.
Neither royal blandishments nor promises of valuable preferment had
been spared. Macaulay.
3. A position or office of honor or profit; as, the preferments of the
church.
Preferrer
Pre*fer"rer (?), n. One who prefers.
Prefidence
Pref"i*dence (?), n. The quality or state of being prefident. [Obs.]
Baxter.
Prefident
Pref"i*dent (?), a. [Cf. L. praefidens overconfident. See Pre-, and
Confident.] Trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident. [Obs.] Baxter.
Prefigurate
Pre*fig"u*rate (?), v. t. [L. praefiguratus, p. p. See Prefigure.] To
prefigure. [R.] Grafton.
Prefiguration
Pre*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. praefiguratio.] The act of prefiguring,
or the state of being prefigured.
A variety of prophecies and prefigurations. Norris.
Prefigurative
Pre*fig"ur*a*tive (?), a. Showing by prefiguration. "The prefigurative
atonement." Bp. Horne.
Prefigure
Pre*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefigured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prefiguring.] [F. pr\'82figurer, or L. praefigurare, praefiguratum;
prae before + figurare to figure. See Figure, and cf. Prefigurate.] To
show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to
foreshadow. "Whom all the various types prefigured." South.
Prefigurement
Pre*fig"ure*ment (?), n. The act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also,
that which is prefigured. Carlyle.
Prefine
Pre*fine" (?), v. t. [L. praefinire; prae before + finire to limit,
determine: cf. F. pr\'82finer.] To limit beforehand. [Obs.] Knolles.
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Prefinite
Pre*fi"nite (?), a. [L. praefinitus, p. p.] Prearranged. [Obs.] " Set
and prefinite time." Holland.
Prefinition
Pref`i*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praefinitio.] Previous limitation. [Obs.]
Fotherby.
Prefix
Pre*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prefixing.] [L. praefixus, p. p. of praefigere to fix or fasten
before; prae before + figere to fix: cf. F. pr\'82fix fixed
beforehand, determined, pr\'82fixer to prefix. See Fix.]
1. To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as, to
prefix a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement.
2. To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently.
[Obs.] " Prefixed bounds. " Locke.
And now he hath to her prefixt a day. Spenser.
Prefix
Pre"fix (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82fixe.] That which is prefixed; esp., one
or more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of
a word to modify its signification; as, pre- in prefix, con- in
conjure.
Prefixion
Pre*fix"ion (?), n. [Cf. OF. prefixion.] The act of prefixing. [R.]
Bailey.
Prefloration
Pre`flo*ra"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
\'92stivation.
Prefoliation
Pre*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.)
Vernation.
Preform
Pre*form" (, v. t. [L. praeformare. See Pre-, and Form.] To form
beforehand, or for special ends. "Their natures and preformed
faculties. " Shak.
Preformation
Pre`for*ma"tion (?), n. (Biol.) An old theory of the pre\'89xistence
of germs. Cf. Embo&icir;tement.
Preformative
Pre*form"a*tive (?), n. A formative letter at the beginning of a word.
M. Stuart.
Prefrontal
Pre*fron"tal (?), a. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Situated in front of the
frontal bone, or the frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a
certain bone in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales
of reptiles and fishes. -- n. A prefrontal bone or scale.
Prefulgency
Pre*ful"gen*cy (?), n. [L. praefulgens, p. pr. of praefulgere to shine
forth. See Pre-, and Fulgent.] Superior brightness or effulgency. [R.]
Barrow.
Pregage
Pre*gage" (, v. t. To pre\'89ngage. [Obs.] Fuller.
Preglacial
Pre*gla"cial (?), a. (Geol.) Prior to the glacial or drift period.
Pregnable
Preg"na*ble (?), a, [F. prenable. See Impregnable.] Capable of being
entered, taken, or captured; expugnable; as, a pregnable fort. [R.]
Cotgrave.
Pregnance
Preg"nance (?), n. Pregnancy. [Obs.] Milton.
Pregnancy
Preg"nan*cy (?), n.
1. The condition of being pregnant; the state of being with young.
2. Figuratively: The quality of being heavy with important contents,
issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity; fertility.
Fuller.
Pregnant
Preg"nant (?), a. [L. praegnans, -antis; prae before + genere,
gignere, to beget: cf. F. pr\'82gnant. See Gender, 2d Kin.]
1. Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young;
breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth.
2. Heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of
consequence or results; weighty; as, pregnant replies. " A pregnant
argument." Prynne. " A pregnant brevity."<-- pregnant silence --> E.
Everett.
3. Full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.; as, a
pregnant youth. [Obs.] Evelyn.
Wherein the pregnant enemy does much. Shak.
Pregnant construction (Rhet.), one in which more is implied than is
said; as, the beasts trembled forth from their dens, that is, came
forth trembling with fright.
Pregnant
Preg"nant, n. A pregnant woman. [R.] Dunglison.
Pregnant
Preg"nant, a. [F. prenant taking. Cf. Pregnable.] Affording entrance;
receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt. [Obs.] " Pregnant to good
pity." Shak.
Pregnantly
Preg"nant*ly, adv. In a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly.
Pregnantly
Preg"nant*ly, adv. Unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently.
[Obs.] Shak.
Pregravate
Pre"gra*vate (?), v. t. [L. praegravatus, p. p. of praegravare to be
heavy upon, fr. praegravis very heavy.] To bear down; to depress.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Pregravitate
Pre*grav"i*tate (?), v. i. To descend by gravity; to sink. [R.] Boyle.
Pregustant
Pre*gus"tant (?), a. [L. praegustans, p. pr. of praegustare to taste
beforehand; prae before + gustare to taste.] Tasting beforehand;
having a foretaste. [R.] Ed. Rev.
Pregustation
Pre`gus*ta"tion (?), n. The act of tasting beforehand; foretaste. [R.]
Dr. Walker (1678).
Prehallux
Pre*hal"lux (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Hallux.] (Anat.) An extra first
toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side of the hallux.
Prehend
Pre*hend" (, v. t. [L. prehendere. See Prehensile.] To lay hold of; to
seize. [Obs.] Middleton.
Prehensi-ble
Pre*hen"si-ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82hensible.] Capable of being
seized.
Prehensile
Pre*hen"sile (?), a. [L. prehensus, p. p. of prehendere to lay hold
of, seize; pre- (equiv. to prae before) + hendere (in comp.), akin to
E. get: cf. F. pr\'82hensile. See Get, and cf. Prison, Prize, n.]
Adapted to seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; as, the prehensile tail
of a monkey.
Prehension
Pre*hen"sion (?), n. [L. prehensio; cf. F. pr\'82hension. See
Prehensile.] The act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the
hand or other member.
Prehensory
Pre*hen"so*ry (?), a. Adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile.
Prehistoric
Pre`his*tor"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a period before written
history begins; as, the prehistoric ages; prehistoric man.
Prehnite
Prehn"ite (?), n. [So called from the German Colonel Prehn, who first
found it.] (Min.) A pale green mineral occurring in crystalline
aggregates having a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in
distinct crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.
Prehnitic
Prehn*it"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a
tetrabasic acid of benzene obtained as a white crystalline substance;
-- probably so called from the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to
the mammill\'91 on the surface of prehnite.
Preindesignate
Pre`in*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic.) Having no sign expressive of
quantity; indefinite. See Predesignate.
Preindispose
Pre*in`dis*pose" ( v. t. To render indisposed beforehand. Milman.
Preinstruct
Pre`in*struct" ( v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preinstructed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preinstructing.] To instruct previously or beforehand. Dr. H. More.
Preintimation
Pre*in`ti*ma"tion (?) n. Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand.
T. Scott.
Prejudge
Pre*judge" ( v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudged (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prejudging.] [Pref. pre + judge: cf. F. pr\'82juger. Cf. Prejudicate,
Prejudice.] To judge before hearing, or before full and sufficient
examination; to decide or sentence by anticipation; to condemn
beforehand.
The committee of council hath prejudged the whole case, by calling
the united sense of both houses of Parliament" a universal clamor."
Swift.
Prejudgment
Pre*judg"ment (?), n. The act of prejudging; decision before
sufficient examination.
Prejudicacy
Pre*ju"di*ca*cy (?), n. Prejudice; prepossession. [Obs.] Sir. H.
Blount.
Prejudical
Pre*ju"di*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the determination of some
matter not previously decided; as, a prejudical inquiry or action at
law.
Prejudicant
Pre*ju"di*cant (?), a. [L. praejudicans, p. pr.] Influenced by
prejudice; biased. [R.] " With not too hasty and prejudicant ears."
Milton.
Prejudicate
Pre*ju"di*cate (?), a. [L. praejudicatus, p. p. of praejudicare to
prejudge; prae before + judicare to judge. See Judge.]
1. Formed before due examination. "Ignorance and prejudicate
opinions." Jer. Taylor.
2. Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced. "Prejudicate
readers." Sir T. Browne.
Prejudicate
Pre*ju"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudicated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prejudicating.] [Cf. Prejudge.] To determine beforehand, especially
to disadvantage; to prejudge.
Our dearest friend Prejudicates the business. Shak.
Prejudicate
Pre*ju"di*cate, v. i. To prejudge. Sir P. Sidney.
Prejudicately
Pre*ju"di*cate*ly (?), adv. With prejudice.
Prejudication
Pre*ju`di*ca"tion (?), n.
1. The act of prejudicating, or of judging without due examination of
facts and evidence; prejudgment.
2. (Rom. Law) (a) A preliminary inquiry and determination about
something which belongs to a matter in dispute. (b) A previous
treatment and decision of a point; a precedent.
Prejudicative
Pre*ju"di*ca*tive (?), a. Forming a judgment without due examination;
prejudging. Dr. H. More.
Prejudice
Prej"u*dice (?) n. [F. pr\'82judice, L. praejudicium; prae before +
judicium judgment. See Prejudicate, Judicial.]
1. Foresight. [Obs.]
Naught might hinder his quick prejudize. Spenser.
2. An opinion or judgment formed without due examination; prejudgment;
a leaning toward one side of a question from other considerations than
those belonging to it; an unreasonable predilection for, or objection
against, anything; especially, an opinion or leaning adverse to
anything, without just grounds, or before sufficient knowledge.
Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically
an honest man. Macaulay.
3. (Law) A bias on the part of judge, juror, or witness which
interferes with fairness of judgment.
4. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment. Locke.
England and France might, through their amity, Breed him some
prejudice. Shak.
Syn. -- Prejudgment; prepossession; bias; harm; hurt; damage;
detriment; mischief; disadvantage.
Prejudice
Prej"u*dice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prejudicing (?).] [Cf. F. pr\'82judicier. See Prejudice, n.]
1. To cause to have prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed
without due knowledge or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty
and incorrect notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one side
or the other of a cause; as, to prejudice a critic or a juryman.
Suffer not any beloved study to prejudice your mind so far as to
despise all other learning. I. Watts
2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the
mind; hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; as,
to prejudice a good cause.
Seek how may prejudice the foe. Shak
Prejudicial
Prej`u*di"cial (?) a. [L. praejudicialis belonging to a preceding
judgment: cf. F. pr\'82judiciel.]
1. Biased, possessed, or blinded by prejudices; as, to look with a
prejudicial eye. [Obs.] Holyday.
2. Tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious; disadvantageous;
detrimental. Hooker.
His going away . . . was most prejudicial and most ruinous to the
king's affairs. Clarendon.
-- Prej`u*di"cial*ly, adv. -- Prej`u*di"cial*ness, n.
Preknowledge
Pre*knowl"edge (?), n. Prior knowledge.
Prelacy
Prel"a*cy (?) n.; pl. Prelacies (#). [LL. praelatia. See Prelate; cf.
Prelaty.]
1. The office or dignity of a prelate; church government by prelates.
Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices. Ayliffe.
2. The order of prelates, taken collectively; the body of
ecclesiastical dignitaries. "Divers of the reverend prelacy, and other
most judicious men." Hooker.
Prelal
Pre"lal (?), a. [L. prelum a press.] Of or pertaining to printing;
typographical. [Obs.] Fuller.
Prelate
Prel"ate (?; 48), n. [F. pr\'82lat, LL. praelatus, fr. L. praelatus,
used as p. p. of praeferre to prefer, but from a different root. See
Elate.] A clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop,
having authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church.
NOTE: &hand; This word and the words derived from it are often used
invidiously, in English ecclesiastical history, by dissenters,
respecting the Established Church system.
Hear him but reason in divinity, . . . You would desire the king
were made a prelate. Shak.
Prelate
Prel"ate (?), v. i. To act as a prelate. [Obs.]
Right prelating is busy laboring, and not lording. Latimer.
Prelateity
Prel`a*te"i*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.
Prelateship
Prel"ate*ship, n. The office of a prelate. Harmar.
Prelatess
Prel"a*tess (?), n. A woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate.
Milton.
Prelatial
Pre*la"tial (?), a. Prelatical. Beaconsfield.
Prelatic, Prelatical
Pre*lat"ic (?), Pre*lat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to prelates or
prelacy; as, prelatical authority. Macaulay.
Prelatically
Pre*lat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a prelatical manner; with reference to
prelates. Milton.
The last Georgic was a good prelude to the \'92neis.
Prelation
Pre*la"tion (?), n. [L. praelatio: cf. F. pr\'82lation. See
Prelate, and cf. Prefer.] The setting of one above another;
preference. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
Prelatism
Prel"a*tism (?), n. Prelacy; episcopacy.
Prelatist
Prel"a*tist (?) n. One who supports of advocates prelacy, or the
government of the church by prelates; hence, a high-churchman.
Hume.
I am an Episcopalian, but not a prelatist. T. Scott.
Prelatize
Prel"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelatized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prelatizing (?).] To bring under the influence of prelacy.
Palfrey.
Prelatize
Prel"a*tize, v. i. To uphold or encourage prelacy; to exercise
prelatical functions.
An episcopacy that began then to prelatize. Milton.
Prelatry
Prel"a*try (?), n. Prelaty; prelacy. [Obs.]
Prelature; 135, Prelatureship
Prel"a*ture (?; 135), Prel"a*ture*ship, n. [F. pr\'82lature, or LL.
praelatura.] The state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy. Milman.
Prelaty
Prel"a*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.
Prelect
Pre*lect" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prelecting.] [L. praelectus, p. p. of praelegere to read before.
See Pre-, and Lection.] To read publicly, as a lecture or
discourse.
Prelect
Pre*lect", v. i. To discourse publicly; to lecture.
Spitting . . . was publicly prelected upon. De. Quincey.
To prelect upon the military art. Bp. Horsley.
Prelection
Pre*lec"tion (?), n. [L. praelectio.] A lecture or discourse read
in public or to a select company. "The prelections of Faber." Sir
M. Hale.
Prelector
Pre*lec"tor (?), n. [L. praelector.] A reader of lectures or
discourses; a lecturer. Sheldon.
Prelibation
Pre`li*ba"tion (?), n. [L. praelibatio, fr. praelibare to taste
beforehand: cf. F. prelibation.]
1. A. tasting beforehand, or by anticipation; a foretaste; as, a
prelibation of heavenly bliss.
2. A pouring out, or libation, before tasting.
Preliminarily
Pre*lim"i*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a preliminary manner.
Preliminary
Pre*lim"i*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. pre + L. liminaris belonging to a
threshold, fr. limen, liminis, threshold, entrance: cf. F.
pr\'82liminaire. Cf. Limit.] Introductory; previous; preceding the
main discourse or business; prefatory; as, preliminary observations
to a discourse or book; preliminary articles to a treaty;
preliminary measures; preliminary examinations. Syn. --
Introductory; preparatory; prefatory; proemial; previous; prior;
precedent; antecedent.
Preliminary
Pre*lim"i*na*ry, n.; pl. Preliminaries (. That which precedes the
main discourse, work, design, or business; something introductory
or preparatory; as, the preliminaries to a negotiation or duel; to
take one's preliminaries the year before entering college. Syn. --
Introduction; preface; prelude.
Prelimit
Pre*lim"it (?), v. t. To limit previously. [R.]
Prelook
Pre*look", v. i. To look forward. [Obs.] Surrey.
Prelude
Pre"lude (?), n. [F. pr\'82lude (cf. It. preludio, LL. praeludium),
fr. L. prae before + ludus play. See Prelude, v. t.] An
introductory performance, preceding and preparing for the principal
matter; a preliminary part, movement, strain, etc.; especially
(Mus.), a strain introducing the theme or chief subject; a movement
introductory to a fugue, yet independent; -- with recent composers
often synonymous with overture.
The last Georgic was a good prelude to the \'92nis Addison.
The cause is more than the prelude, the effect is more than the
sequel, of the fact. Whewell.
Syn. -- Preface; introduction; preliminary; preamble; forerunner;
harbinger; precursor.
Prelude
Pre*lude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preluding.] [L. praeludere, praelusum; prae before + ludere to
play: cf. F. pr\'82luder. See Ludicrous.] To play an introduction
or prelude; to give a prefatory performance; to serve as prelude.
The musicians preluded on their instruments. Sir. W. Scott.
We are preluding too largely, and must come at once to the point.
Jeffrey.
Prelude
Pre*lude", v. t.
1. To introduce with a previous performance; to play or perform a
prelude to; as, to prelude a concert with a lively air.
2. To serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory.
[Music] preluding some great tragedy. Longfellow
Preluder
Pre*lud"er (?), n. One who, or that which, preludes; one who plays
a prelude. Mason.
Preludial
Pre*lud"i*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature
of a prelude; introductory. [R.]
Preludious
Pre*lud"i*ous (?) a. Preludial. [R.] Dr. H. More.
Prelumbar
Pre*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front of the
loins;- applied to the dorsal part of the abdomen.
Prelusive
Pre*lu"sive (?), a. [See Prelude.] Of the nature of a prelude;
introductory; indicating that something of a like kind is to
follow. "Prelusive drops." Thomson. --Pre*lu"sive*ly, adv.
Prelusorily
Pre*lu"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prelusory way.
Prelusory
Pre*lu"so*ry (?), a. Introductory; prelusive. Bacon.
______________________________________________________________
Page 1130
Premature
Pre`ma*ture" (?), a. [L. praematurus; prae before + maturus ripe.
See Mature.]
1. Mature or ripe before the proper time; as, the premature fruits
of a hotbed.
2. Happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or
usual time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; as, a premature
fall of snow; a premature birth; a premature opinion; premature
decay.
3. Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as,
a premature report. -- Pre`ma*ture"ly, adv. -- Pre`ma*ture"ness, n.
Prematurity
Pre`ma*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82maturit\'82.] The quality or
state of being premature; early, or untimely, ripeness; as, the
prematurity of genius.
Premaxilla
Pre"max*il"la (?) n.; pl. Premaxill\'91 (#). [NL. See Pre-, and
Maxilla.] (Anat.) A bone on either side of the middle line between
the nose and mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the
upper jawbone; the intermaxilla. In man the premaxill\'91 become
united and form the incisor part of the maxillary bone.
Premaxillary
Pre*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the maxillary
bones; pertaining to the premaxill\'91; intermaxillary. -- n. A
premaxilla.
Premediate
Pre*me"di*ate (?), v. t. To advocate. [R.]
Premeditate
Pre*med"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premeditated (-t\'be`t?d);
p. pr. & vb. n. Premeditating.] [L. praemeditatus, p. p. of
praemeditari; prae before + meditari to meditate. See Meditate.] To
think on, and revolve in the mind, beforehand; to contrive and
design previously; as, to premeditate robbery.
With words premeditated thus he said. Dryden.
Premeditate
Pre*med"i*tate, v. i. To think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in
the mind, beforehand.
Premeditate
Pre*med"i*tate (?), a. [L. praemeditatus, p. p.] Premeditated;
deliberate. [Archaic] Bp. Burnet.
Premeditately
Pre*med"i*tate*ly, adv. With premeditation. Burke.
Premeditation
Pre*med`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praemeditatio: cf. F.
pr\'82m\'82ditation.] The act of meditating or contriving
beforehand; previous deliberation; forethought.
Premerit
Pre*mer"it (?), v. t. To merit or deserve beforehand. [Obs.] Eikon
Basi
Premial, Premiant
Pre"mi*al (?), Pre"mi*ant (?), a. [L. praemialis. See Premium.]
Serving to reward; rewarding. [R.] Baxter.
Premices
Prem"i*ces (?), n. pl. [F. pr\'82mices, L. primitiae. See
Primitia.] First fruits. [Obs.] Dryden.
Premier
Pre"mi*er (?), a. [F. premier, fr. L. primarius of the first rank,
principal, fr. primus the first. See Primary, Prime, a.]
1. First; chief; principal; as, the premier place; premier
minister. Camden. Swift.
2. Most ancient; -- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of
his degree.
Premier
Pre"mi*er (?), n. The first minister of state; the prime minister.
Premiership
Pre"mi*er*ship, n. The office of the premier.
Premillennial
Pre`mil*len"ni*al (?), a, Previous to the millennium.
Premious
Pre"mi*ous (?), a. [L. praemiosus, fr. praemium a premium.] Rich in
gifts. [R.] Clarke.
Premise
Prem"ise (?), n.; pl. Premises (. [Written also, less properly,
premiss.] [F. pr\'82misse, fr. L. praemissus, p. p. of praemittere
to send before; prae before + mittere to send. See Mission.]
1. A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something
previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a
condition; a supposition.
The premises observed, Thy will by my performance shall be served.
Shak.
2. (Logic) Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism,
from which the conclusion is drawn.
NOTE: "All si nners de serve pu nishment: A B is a sinner." These
propositions, which are the premises, being true or admitted, the
conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment.
While the premises stand firm, it is impossible to shake the
conclusion. Dr. H. More.
3. pl. (Law) Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that
part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express
the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed,
and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.
4. pl. A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to
lease premises; to trespass on another's premises.
Premise
Pre*mise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Premising.] [From L. praemissus, p. p., or E. premise, n. See
Premise, n.]
1. To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be
before something else; to employ previously. [Obs.]
The premised flames of the last day. Shak.
If venesection and a cathartic be premised. E. Darwin.
2. To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject;
to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in
understanding what follows; especially, to lay down premises or
first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings.
I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter
upon it as a very ungrateful task. Addison.
Premise
Pre*mise" (?), v. i. To make a premise; to set forth something as a
premise. Swift.
Premiss
Prem"iss (?), n. Premise. Whately. I. Watts
Premit
Pre*mit" (?), v. t. To premise. [Obs.] Donne.
Premium
Pre"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Premiums (#). [L. praemium, originally, what
one has got before or better than others; prae before + emere to
take, buy. See Redeem.]
1. A reward or recompense; a prize to be won by being before
another, or others, in a competition; reward or prize to be
adjudged; a bounty; as, a premium for good behavior or scholarship,
for discoveries, etc.
To think it not the necessity, but the premium and privilege of
life, to eat and sleep without any regard to glory. Burke.
The law that obliges parishes to support the poor offers a premium
for the encouragement of idleness. Franklin.
2. Something offered or given for the loan of money; bonus; --
sometimes synonymous with interest, but generally signifying a sum
in addition to the capital.
People were tempted to lend, by great premiums and large interest.
Swift.
3. A sum of money paid to underwriters for insurance, or for
undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.
4. A sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value
of anything; as, gold was at a premium; he sold his stock at a
premium.
Premolar
Pre*mo"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the molar teeth.
--n. An anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar.
See Tooth.
Premonish
Pre*mon"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premonished (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Premonishing.] [Pref. pre- + monish: cf. L. praemonere.] To
forewarn; to admonish beforehand. [R.] Herrick.
To teach, and to premonish. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Premonishment
Pre*mon"ish*ment (?), n. Previous warning or admonition;
forewarning. Sir H. Wotton.
Premonition
Pre`mo*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praemonitio. See Premonish.] Previous
warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a premonition of
danger.
Premonitor
Pre*mon"i*tor (?), n. [L. praemonitor.] One who, or that which,
gives premonition.
Premonitory
Pre*mon"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. praemonitorius.] Giving previous
warning or notice; as, premonitory symptoms of disease. --
Pre*mon"i*to*ri*ly (#), adv.
Premonstrant
Pre*mon"strant (?), n. A Premonstratensian.
Premonstrate
Pre*mon"strate (?), v. t. [L. praemonstratus, p. p. of
praemonstrare; prae before + monstrate to show.] To show
beforehand; to foreshow. [R.] Herbert.
Premonstratensian
Pre*mon`stra*ten"sian (?), n. [F.pr\'82montr\'82, fr.
Pr\'82montr\'82, fr. L. pratum monstratum.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a
religious order of regular canons founded by St. Norbert at
Pr\'82montr\'82, in France, in 1119. The members of the order are
called also White Canons, Norbertines, and Premonstrants.
Premonstration
Pre`mon*stra"tion (?), n. [L. praemonstratio.] A showing
beforehand; foreshowing.
Premonstrator
Pre*mon"stra*tor (?), n. [L. praemonstrator.] One who, or that
which, premonstrates. [R.]
Premorse
Pre*morse" (?), a. [L. praemorsus, p. p. of praemordere to bite
off; prae before + mordere to bite.] Terminated abruptly, or as it
bitten off.
Premorse root OR leaves (Bot.), such as have an abrupt, ragged, and
irregular termination, as if bitten off short.
Premosaic
Pre`mo*sa"ic (?) a. Relating to the time before Moses; as, premosaic
history.
Premotion
Pre*mo"tion (?) n. [Pref. pre- + motion.] Previous motion or
excitement to action.
Premunire
Prem`u*ni"re (?), n. (Law) See Pr\'91munire.
Premunite
Prem`u*nite" (?), v. t. [L. praemunitus, p. p. of praemunire to
fortify in front; prae before + munire to fortify.] To fortify
beforehand; to guard against objection. [Obs.] Fotherby.
Premunition
Pre`mu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praemunitio: cf. F. pr\'82munition.] The
act of fortifying or guarding against objections. [Obs.]
Premunitory
Pre*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to a premunire; as, a
premunitory process.
Prenasal
Pre*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the nose, or in front
of the nasal chambers.
Prenatal
Pre*na"tal (?), a. Being or happening before birth.
Prender
Pren"der (?), n. [F. prendre to take, fr. L. prehendere to take.]
(Law) The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered.
Burrill.
Prenomen
Pre*no"men (?), n. See Pr\'91nomen.
Prenominal
Pre*nom"i*nal (?), a. Serving as a prefix in a compound name. Sir T.
Browne.
Prenominate
Pre*nom"i*nate (?) a. [L. praenominatus, p. p. of praenominare to give
the prenomen to, to prenominate, fr. praenomen prenomen.] Forenamed;
named beforehand. [R.] "Prenominate crimes." Shak.
Prenominate
Pre*nom"i*nate (?), v. t. To forename; to name beforehand; to tell by
name beforehand. Shak.
Prenomination
Pre*nom`i*na*tion (?), n. The act of prenominating; privilege of being
named first. Sir T. Browne.
Prenostic
Pre*nos"tic (?), n. [L. praenoscere to foreknow; prae before +
noscere, notum, to know.] A prognostic; an omen. [Obs.] Gower.
Prenote
Pre*note" (?), v. t. [L. praenotare; prae before + notare to note.] To
note or designate beforehand. Foxe.
Prenotion
Pre*no"tion (?) n. [L. praenotio: cf. F. pr\'82notion. See Prenostic.]
A notice or notion which precedes something else in time; previous
notion or thought; foreknowledge. Bacon.
Prensation
Pren*sa"tion (?), n. [L. prensatio, from prensare, prehensare, v.
freq. from prehendere to seize.] The act of seizing with violence.
[Obs.] Barrow .
Prentice
Pren"tice (?), n. [Aphetic form of apprentice.] An apprentice. [Obs.
or Colloq.] Piers Plowman. "My accuser is my prentice." Shak.
Prenticehood
Pren"tice*hood (, n. Apprenticehood. [Obs.]
This jolly prentice with his master bode Till he was out nigh of
his prenticehood. Chaucer.
Prenticeship
Pren"tice*ship, n. Apprenticeship. [Obs. or Colloq.]
He served a prenticeship who sets up shop. Pope.
Prenunciation
Pre*nun`ci*a"tion (?), n. [L. praenunciatio, fr. praenunciare to
announce beforehand. See Pre-, and Announce.] The act of announcing or
proclaiming beforehand. [Obs.]
Prenuncious
Pre*nun"cious (?), a. [L. praenuncius.] Announcing beforehand;
presaging. [Obs.] Blount.
Preoblongata
Pre*ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The
anterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.
Preobtain
Pre`ob*tain" (?), v. t. To obtain beforehand.
Preoccupancy
Pre*oc"cu*pan*cy (?), n. [See Preoccupate.] The act or right of taking
possession before another; as, the preoccupancy of wild land.
Preoccupate
Pre*oc"cu*pate (?), v. t. [L. praeoccupatus, p. p. of praeoccupare to
preoccupy. See Preoccupy.]
1. To anticipate; to take before. [Obs.] "Fear preoccupateth it
[death]." Bacon.
2. To prepossess; to prejudice. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
Preoccupation
Pre*oc`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. praeoccupatio: cf. F. pr\'82occupation.]
1. The act of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the
state of being preoccupied; prepossession.
2. Anticipation of objections. [R.] South.
Preoccupy
Pre*oc"cu*py (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preoccupied (-p\'c6d); p. pr. &
vb. n. Preoccupying (?).] [Cf. F. pr\'82occuper. See Preoccupate,
Occupy.]
1. To take possession of before another; as, to preoccupy a country
not before held.
2. To prepossess; to engage, occupy, or engross the attention of,
beforehand; hence, to prejudice.
I Think it more respectful to the reader to leave something to
reflections than to preoccupy his judgment. Arbuthnot.
Preocular
Pre*oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Placed just in front of the eyes, as
the antenn\'91 of certain insects. -- n. One of the scales just in
front of the eye of a reptile or fish.
Preominate
Pre*om"i*nate (?), v. t. To ominate beforehand; to portend. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.
Preopercular
Pre`o*per"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the operculum;
pertaining to the preoperculum. -- n. The preoperculum.
Preoperculum
Pre`o*per"cu*lum (?), n [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior opercular bone in
fishes.
Preopinion
Pre`o*pin"ion (?), n. Opinion previously formed; prepossession;
prejudice. Sir T. Browne.
Preoption
Pre*op"tion (?), n. Right of first choice.
Preoral
Pre*o"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
mouth; as, preoral bands.
Preorbital
Pre*or"bit*al (?) a. (Anat.) Situated in front or the orbit.
Preordain
Pre`or*dain" (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + ordain: cf. L. praeordinare.] To
ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to foreordain. Milton.
Preorder
Pre*or"der (?), v. t. To order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Preordinance
Pre*or"di*nance (?), n. Antecedent decree or determination. Shak.
Preordinate
Pre*or"di*nate (?), a. [L. praeordinatus, p. p. See Preordain.]
Preordained. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.
Preordination
Pre*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82ordination.] The act of
foreordaining: previous determination. "The preordination of God."
Bale.
Preparable
Pre*par"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prepared. "Medicine preparable
by art." Boyle.
Preparation
Prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. [F. pr\'82paration, L. praeparatio. See
Prepare.]
1. The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular
purpose, use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or
adaptation; a making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of
wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign.
2. The state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness; readiness;
fitness; as, a nation in good preparation for war.
3. That which makes ready, prepares the way, or introduces; a
preparatory act or measure.
I will show what preparations there were in nature for this
dissolution. T. Burnet.
4. That which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process or
for a particular purpose; a combination. Specifically: (a) Any
medicinal substance fitted for use. (b) Anything treated for
preservation or examination as a specimen. (c) Something prepared for
use in cookery.
I wish the chemists had been more sparing who magnify their
preparations. Sir T. Browne.
In the preparations of cookery, the most volatile parts of
vegetables are destroyed. Arbuthnot.
5. An army or fleet. [Obs.] Shak.
6. (Mus.) The holding over of a note from one chord into the next
chord, where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord
that follows; the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding
concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. See Suspension.
7. Accomplishment; qualification. [Obs.] Shak.
Preparative
Pre*par"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82paratif.] Tending to prepare or
make ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying, or fitting;
preparatory.
Laborious quest of knowledge preparative to this work. South.
Preparative
Pre*par"a*tive, n.
1. That which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a
purpose; that which prepares. "A preparative unto sermons." Hooker.
2. That which is done in the way of preparation. "Necessary
preparatives for our voyage." Dryden.
Preparatively
Pre*par"a*tive*ly, adv. By way of preparation.
Preparator
Pre*par"a*tor (?), n. [L. praeparator.] One who prepares beforehand,
as subjects for dissection, specimens for preservation in collections,
etc. Agassiz.
Preparatory
Pre*par"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. praeparatorius: cf. F. pr\'82paratoire.]
Preparing the way for anything by previous measures of adaptation;
antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory; preparative; as,
a preparatory school; a preparatory condition.
Prepare
Pre*pare" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepare (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preparing.] [F. pr\'82parer, L. praeparare; prae before + parare to
make ready. See Pare.]
1. To fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition; to
make ready; to put into a state for use or application; as, to prepare
ground for seed; to prepare a lesson.
Our souls, not yet prepared for upper light. Dryden.
2. To procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; as,
to prepare ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for
defence; to prepare an entertainment. Milton.
That they may prepare a city for habitation. Ps. cvii. 36
Syn. -- To fit; adjust; adapt; qualify; equip; provide; form; make;
make; ready.
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Prepare
Pre*pare" (, v. i.
1. To make all things ready; to put things in order; as, to prepare
for a hostile invasion. "Bid them prepare for dinner." Shak.
2. To make one's self ready; to get ready; to take the necessary
previous measures; as, to prepare for death.
Prepare
Pre*pare", n. Preparation. [Obs.] Shak.
Prepared
Pre*pared" (?), a. Made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; as, prepared
food; prepared questions. -- Pre*par"ed*ly (#), adv. Shak. --
Pre*par"ed*ness, n.
Preparer
Pre*par"er (?), n. One who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes
ready. Wood.
Prepay
Pre*pay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prepaying.] To pay in advance, or beforehand; as, to prepay postage.
Prepayment
Pre*pay"ment (?), n. Payment in advance.
Prepenial
Pre*pe"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
penis.
Prepense
Pre*pense" (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + F. penser to think. See Pansy.] To
weigh or consider beforehand; to premeditate. [Obs.] Spenser. Sir T.
Elyot.
Prepense
Pre*pense", v. i. To deliberate beforehand. [Obs.]
Prepense
Pre*pense", a. [See Pansy, and cf. Prepense, v. t.] Devised,
contrived, or planned beforehand; preconceived; premeditated;
aforethought; -- usually placed after the word it qualifies; as,
malice prepense.
This has not arisen from any misrepresentation or error prepense.
Southey.
Prepensely
Pre*pense"ly, adv. In a premeditated manner.
Prepollence, Prepollency
Pre*pol"lence (?), Pre*pol"len*cy (?), n. [L. praepollentia.] The
quality or state of being prepollent; superiority of power;
predominance; prevalence. [R.] Coventry.
Prepollent
Pre*pol"lent (?), a. [L. praepollens, p. p. of praepollere to surpass
in power; prae before + pollere to be powerful.] Having superior
influence or power; prevailing; predominant. [R.] Boyle.
Prepollent
Pre*pol"lent (?), n.; pl. Prepollices (#) [NL. See Pre-, Pollex.]
(Anat.) An extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial
side of the pollex.
Preponder
Pre*pon"der (?) v. t. To preponderate [Obs.]
Preponderance, Preponderancy
Pre*pon"der*ance (?), Pre*pon"der*an*cy (?), n. [Cf. F.
pr\'82pond\'82rance.]
1. The quality or state of being preponderant; superiority or excess
of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an outweighing.
The mind should . . . reject or receive proportionably to the
preponderancy of the greater grounds of probability. Locke.
In a few weeks he had changed the relative position of all the
states in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the
preponderance of one power had destroyed. Macaulay.
2. (Gun.) The excess of weight of that part of a canon behind the
trunnions over that in front of them.
Preponderant
Pre*pon"der*ant (?) a. [L. praeponderans, -antis: cf. F.
pr\'82pond\'82rant. See Preponderate.] Preponderating; outweighing;
overbalancing; -- used literally and figuratively; as, a preponderant
weight; of preponderant importance. -- Pre*pon"der*ant*ly, adv.
Preponderate
Pre*pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preponderated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Preponderating.] [L. praeponderatus, p. p. of praeponderare;
prae before + ponderare to weigh, fr., pondus, ponderis, a weight. See
Ponder.]
1. To outweigh; to overpower by weight; to exceed in weight; to
overbalance.
An inconsiderable weight, by distance from the center of the
balance, will preponderate greater magnitudes. Glanvill.
2. To overpower by stronger or moral power.
3. To cause to prefer; to incline; to decide. [Obs.]
The desire to spare Christian blood preponderates him for peace.
Fuller.
Preponderate
Pre*pon"der*ate, v. i. To exceed in weight; hence, to incline or
descend, as the scale of a balance; figuratively, to exceed in
influence, power, etc.; hence; to incline to one side; as, the
affirmative side preponderated.
That is no just balance in which the heaviest side will not
preponderate. Bp. Wilkins.
Preponderatingly
Pre*pon"der*a`ting*ly (?), adv. In a preponderating manner;
preponderantly.
Preponderation
Pre*pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. praeponderatio.] The act or state of
preponderating; preponderance; as, a preponderation of reasons. I.
Watts.
Prepose
Pre*pose" (?), v. t. [F. pr\'82poser; pref. pr\'82- (L. prae before) +
poser. See Pose.] To place or set before; to prefix. [Obs.] Fuller.
Preposition
Prep`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. praepositio, fr. praeponere to place
before; prae before + ponere to put, place: cf. F. pr\'82position. See
Position, and cf. Provost.]
1. (Gram.) A word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in an
adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used
with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to
make a phrase limiting some other word; -- so called because usually
placed before the word with which it is phrased; as, a bridge of iron;
he comes from town; it is good for food; he escaped by running.
2. A proposition; an exposition; a discourse. [Obs.]
He made a long preposition and oration. Fabyan.
Prepositional
Prep`o*si"tion*al (?) a. [Cf. F. pr\'82positionnel.] Of or pertaining
to a preposition; of the nature of a preposition. Early. --
Prep`o*si"tion*al*ly, adv.
Prepositive
Pre*pos"i*tive (?), a. [L. praepositivus: cf. F. pr\'82positif.]
(Gram.) Put before; prefixed; as, a prepositive particle. -- n. A
prepositive word. Tooke.
Prepositor
Pre*pos"i*tor (?), n. [NL.] A scholar appointed to inspect other
scholars; a monitor. Todd.
Prepositure
Pre*pos"i*ture (?), n. [L. praepositura. See Preposition, and cf.
Provost.] The office or dignity of a provost; a provostship. Lowth.
Prepossess
Pre`pos*sess" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepossessed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prepossessing.]
1. To preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of.
Dryden.
2. To preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other things;
hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination to, for or
against anything; esp., to induce a favorable opinion beforehand, or
at the outset.
It created him enemies, and prepossessed the lord general. Evelyn.
Prepossessing
Pre`pos*sess"ing (?), a. Tending to invite favor; attracting
confidence, favor, esteem, or love; attractive; as, a prepossessing
manner. -- Pre`pos*sess"ing*ly, adv.
Prepossession
Pre`pos*ses"sion (?), n.
1. Preoccupation; prior possession. Hammond.
2. Preoccupation of the mind by an opinion, or impression, already
formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias; -- generally,
but not always, used in a favorable sense; as, the prepossessions of
childhood. "The prejudices and prepossessions of the country." Sir W.
Scott. Syn. -- Bent; bias; inclination; preoccupancy; prejudgment. See
Bent.
Prepossessor
Pre`*pos*sess"or (?), n. One who possesses, or occupies, previously.
R. Brady.
Preposterous
Pre*pos"ter*ous (?) a.[L. praeposterus; prae before + posterus coming
after, latter. See Posterior.]
1. Having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order. [Obs.]
The method I take may be censured as preposterous, because I thus
treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order
of nature. Woodward.
2. Contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and
glaringly foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted. "Most preposterous
conclusions." Shak.
Preposterous ass, that never read so far! Shak.
Syn. -- Absurd; perverted; wrong; irrational; foolish; monstrous. See
Absurd. -- Pre*pos"ter*ous*ly, adv. -Pre*pos"ter*ous*ness, n.
Prepostor
Pre*pos"tor (?) n. See Prepositor.
Prepotency
Pre*po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. praepotentia: cf. F. pr\'82potence.]
1. The quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Biol.) The capacity, on the part of one of the parents, as
compared with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of
characteristics to their offspring.
Prepotent
Pre*po"tent (?) a. [L. praepotens. See Pre-, and Potent.]
1. Very powerful; superior in force, influence, or authority;
predominant. Plaifere.
2. (Biol.) Characterized by prepotency. Darwin.
Preprovide
Pre`pro*vide" (?), v. t. To provide beforehand. "The materials
preprovided." Fuller.
Prepubic
Pre*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
pubis; pertaining to the prepubis.
Prepubis
Pre*pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Pubis.] (Anat.)A bone or
cartilage, of some animals, situated in the middle line in front of
the pubic bones.
Prepuce
Pre"puce (?), n. [F. pr\'82puce, L. praeputium.] (Anat.) The foreskin.
Preputial
Pre*pu"tial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prepuce.
Preraphaelism, Preraphaelitism
Pre*raph"a*el*ism (?), Pre*raph"a*el*i`tism (?), n. (Fine Arts) The
doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be
followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents advocate
careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and
an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.
Preraphaelite
Pre*raph"a*el*ite (?), a. Of or pertaining to the style called
preraphaelitism; as, a preraphaelite figure; a preraphaelite
landscape. Ruskin.
Preraphaelite
Pre*raph"a*el*ite, n. One who favors or practices art as it was before
Raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.
Preregnant
Pre*reg"nant (?), n. One who reigns before another; a sovereign
predecessor. [R.] Warner.
Preremote
Pre`re*mote (?) a. More remote in previous time or prior order.
In some cases two more links of causation may be introduced; one of
them may be termed the preremote cause, the other the postremote
effect. E. Darwin.
Prerequire
Pre`re*quire" (?), v. t. To require beforehand.
Some things are prerequired of us. Bp. Hall.
Prerequisite
Pre*req"ui*site (?), a. Previously required; necessary as a
preliminary to any proposed effect or end; as, prerequisite conditions
of success.
Prerequisite
Pre*req"ui*site, n. Something previously required, or necessary to an
end or effect proposed.
The necessary prerequisites of freedom. Goldsmith.
Preresolve
Pre`re*solve" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Preresolved (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Preresolving.] To resolve beforehand; to predetermine. Sir E.
Dering.
Prerogative
Pre*rog"a*tive (?), n. [F. pr\'82rogative, from L. praerogativa
precedence in voting, preference, privilege, fr. praerogativus that is
asked before others for his opinion, that votes before or first, fr.
praerogare to ask before another; prae before + rogare to ask. See
Rogation.]
1. An exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right;
fundamental and essential possession; -- used generally of an official
and hereditary right which may be asserted without question, and for
the exercise of which there is no responsibility or accountability as
to the fact and the manner of its exercise.
The two faculties that are the prerogative of man -- the powers of
abstraction and imagination. I. Taylor.
An unconstitutional exercise of his prerogative. Macaulay.
2. Precedence; pre\'89minence; first rank. [Obs.]
Then give me leave to have prerogative. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm ca me in to ge neral us e in the conflicts
between the Crown and Parliaments of Great Britain, especially in
the time of the Stuarts.
Prerogative Court (Eng. Law), a court which formerly had authority in
the matter of wills and administrations, where the deceased left bona
notabilia, or effects of the value of five pounds, in two or more
different dioceses. Blackstone. -- Prerogative office, the office in
which wills proved in the Prerogative Court were registered. Syn. --
Privilege; right. See Privilege.
Prerogatived
Pre*rog"a*tived (?), a. Endowed with a prerogative, or exclusive
privilege. [R.] Shak.
Prerogatively
Pre*rog"a*tive*ly (?), adv. By prerogative.
Presage
Pre"sage (?), n. [F. pr\'82sage, L. praesagium, from praesagire. See
Presage, v. t. ]
1. Something which foreshows or portends a future event; a prognostic;
an omen; an augury. "Joy and shout -- presage of victory." Milton.
2. Power to look the future, or the exercise of that power;
foreknowledge; presentiment.
If there be aught of presage in the mind. Milton.
Syn. -- Prognostic; omen; token; sign; presentiment.
Presage
Pre*sage" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presaged (-s&amac;jd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Presaging. ] [F. pr\'82sager, L. praesagire: prae before + sagire
to perceive acutely or sharply. See Sagacious.]
1. To have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow.
2. To foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate.
My dreams presage some joyful news at hand. Shak.
Presage
Pre*sage", v. i. To form or utter a prediction; -- sometimes used with
of. Dryden.
Presageful
Pre*sage"ful (?) a. Full of presages; ominous.
Dark in the glass of some presageful mood. Tennyson.
Presagement
Pre*sage"ment (?), n.
1. The act or art of presaging; a foreboding. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
2. That which is presaged, or foretold. [R.] "Ominous presagement
before his end. " Sir H. Wotton.
Presager
Pre*sa"ger (?) n. One who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a
foreboder. Shak.
Presagious
Pre*sa"gious (?), a. Foreboding; ominous. [Obs.]
Presbyope
Pres"by*ope (?), n. (Med.) One who has presbyopia; a farsighted
person.
Presbyopia
Pres`by*o"pi*a (?) [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A defect of vision consequent
upon advancing age. It is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens,
which producepresbytia.
Presbyopic
Pres`by*op"ic (?) a. Affected by presbyopia; also, remedying
presbyopia; farsighted.
Presbyopy
Pres"by*o`py (?) n. [Cf. F. presbyopie.] See Presbyopia.
Presbyte
Pres"byte (?), n. [Gr. Same as Presbyope.
Presbyter
Pres"by*ter (?), n. [L. an elder, fr. Gr. Priest.]
1. An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under
Bishop, n., 1.
2. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) One ordained to the second order in
the ministry; -- called also priest.
I rather term the one sort presbyter than priest. Hooker.
New presbyter is but old priest writ large. Milton.
3. (Presbyterian Ch.) A member of a presbytery whether lay or
clerical.
4. A Presbyterian. [Obs.] Hudibras.
Presbyteral
Pres*byt"er*al (?) a. Of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery;
presbyterial.
Presbyterate
Pres*byt"er*ate (?) n. [L. presbyteratus: cf. F. presbyt\'82rat.] A
presbytery; also, presbytership. Heber.
Presbyteress
Pres"by*ter*ess, n. A female presbyter. Bale.
Presbyterial
Pres`by*te"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82ral.] Presbyterian.
"Presbyterial government." Milton.
Presbyterian
Pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rien.] Of or pertaining to
a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating
to those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the
doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.
Presbyterian
Pres`by*te"ri*an, n. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rien.] One who maintains the
validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the
Presbyterian church. Reformed Presbyterians. See Cameronian.
Presbyterianism
Pres`by*te"ri*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rianisme.] That form
of church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual
power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of
the Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.
Presbyterium
Pres`by*te"ri*um (?), n. [L.] (Arch.) Same as Presbytery, 4.
Presbytership
Pres"by*ter*ship (?), n. The office or station of a presbyter;
presbyterate.
Presbytery
Pres"by*ter*y (?), n.; pl. Presbyteries (#). [L. presbyterium, Gr.
Presbyter, and cf. Presbyterium.]
1. A body of elders in the early Christian church.
2. (Presbyterian Ch.) A judicatory consisting of all the ministers
within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from
each parish or church, commissioned to represent the church in
conjunction with the pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over
the churches under its care, and next below the provincial synod in
authority.
3. The Presbyterian religion of polity. [R.] Tatler.
4. (a) (Arch.) That part of the church reserved for the officiating
priest. (b) The residence of a priest or clergyman. Gwilt.
Presbytia
Pres*byt"i*a (?) n. [NL. See Presbyte.] (Med.) Presbyopia.
Presbytic
Pres*byt"ic (?), a. (Med.) Same as Presbyopic.
Presbytism
Pres"byt*ism (?), n. Presbyopia.
Presscapula
Pres*scap"u*la (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The part of the scapula in front
of, or above, the spine, or mesoscapula.
Prescapular
Pre*scap"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prescapula;
supraspinous.
Prescience
Pre"sci*ence (?) n. [F. prescience, L. praescientia. See Prescient.]
Knowledge of events before they take place; foresight.
God's certain prescience of the volitions of moral agents. J.
Edwards.
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Pre/scient
Pre/sci*ent (?), a. [L. praesciens, -entis, p. pr. of praescire to
foreknow; prae before + scire to know: cf. F. prescient. See Science.]
Having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing; conscious beforehand.
Pope.
Henry . . . had shown himself sensible, and almost prescient, of
this event. Bacon.
Presciently
Pre"sci*ent*ly, adv. With presciense or foresight.
Prescind
Pre*scind" (?), v. t. [L. praescindere to cut off in front; prae
before + scindere to cut asunder: cf. F. prescinder.]
1. To cut off; to abstract. [Obs.] Norris.
2. (Metaph.) To consider by a separate act of attention or analysis.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Presciendent
Pre*sciend"ent (?), a. [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing, fr.
scire to know.] Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as, prescious of
ills. [R.] Dryden.
Prescribe
Pre*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prescribed (?); p. pr & vb. n.
Prescribing.] [L. praescribere, praescriptum; prae before + scriebe to
write. See Scribe.]
1. To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of
action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to
direct.
Prescribe not us our duties. Shak.
Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run. Dryden.
2. (Med.) To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the
doctor prescribed quinine. Syn. -- To appoint; order; command;
dictate; ordain; institute; establish.
Prescribe
Pre*scribe", v. i.
1. To give directions; to dictate.
A forwardness to prescribe to their opinions. Locke.
2. To influence by long use [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
3. (Med.) To write or to give medical directions; to indicate
remedies; as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever.
4. (Law) To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the
ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having
the force of law.
Prescriber
Pre*scrib"er (?), n. One who prescribes.
Prescript
Pre"script (?), a. [L. praescriptus, p. p. of praescribere: cf. F.
prescrit. See Prescribe.] Directed; prescribed. " A prescript from of
words." Jer. Taylor.
Prescript
Pre"script, n. [L. praescriptum: cf. OF. prescript.]
1. Direction; precept; model prescribed. Milton.
2. A medical prescription. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.
Prescriptibility
Pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n, The quality or state of being
prescriptible. Story.
Prescriptible
Pre*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prescriptible. ] Depending on, or
derived from, prescription; proper to be prescribed. Grafton.
Prescription
Pre*scrip"tion (?), n. [F. prescription, L. praescriptio,an
inscription, preface, precept, demurrer, prescription (in sense 3),
fr. praescribere. See Prescribe.]
1. The act of prescribing, directing, or dictating; direction;
precept; also, that which is prescribed.
2. (Med.) A direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and
the manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy.
3. (Law) A prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by
virtue immemorial use and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by
possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law. Bacon.
That profound reverence for law and prescription which has long
been characteristic of Englishmen. Macaulay.
NOTE: &hand; Pr escription di ffers fr om cu stom, which is a local
usage, while prescription is personal, annexed to the person only.
Prescription only extends to incorporeal rights, such as aright of
way, or of common. What the law gives of common rights is not the
subject of prescription. Blackstone. Cruise. Kent. In Scotch law,
prescription is employed in the sense in which limitation is used
in England and America, namely, to express that operation of the
lapse of time by which obligations are extinguished or title
protected. Sir T. Craig. Erskine.
Prescriptive
Pre*scrip"tive (?), a. [L. praescriptivus of a demurrer or legal
exception.] (Law) Consisting in, or acquired by, immemorial or
long-continued use and enjoyment; as, a prescriptive right of title;
pleading the continuance and authority of long custom.
The right to be drowsy in protracted toil has become prescriptive.
J. M. Mason.
Prescriptively
Pre*scrip"tive*ly, adv. By prescription.
Prescutum
Pre*scu"tum (?), n.; pl. Prescuta (. [NL. See Pr\'91-, and Scutum.]
(Zo\'94l.) The first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or
tergum, of a thoracic segment of an insect. It is usually small and
inconspicuous.
Preseance
Pre"se*ance (?), n. [F. pr\'82s\'82ance. See Preside.] Priority of
place in sitting.[Obs.] Carew.
Preselect
Pre`se*lect" (?), v. t. To select beforehand.
Presence
Pres"ence (?), n. [F. pr\'82sence, L. praesentia. See Present.]
1. The state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at
hand; -- opposed to absence.
2. The place in which one is present; the part of space within one's
ken, call, influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of
anything that forbids intercourse.
Wrath shell be no more Thenceforth, but in thy presence joy entire.
Milton.
3. Specifically, neighborhood to the person of one of superior of
exalted rank; also, presence chamber.
In such a presence here to plead my thoughts. Shak.
An't please your grace, the two great cardinals. Wait in the
presence. Shak.
4. The whole of the personal qualities of an individual; person;
personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign.
The Sovran Presence thus replied. Milton.
5. An assembly, especially of person of rank or nobility; noble
company.
Odmar, of all this presence does contain, Give her your wreath whom
you esteem most fair. Dryden.
6. Port, mien; air; personal appearence. "Rather dignity of presence
than beauty of aspect." Bacon.
A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance. Collier.
Presence chamber, OR Presence room, the room in which a great
personage receives company. Addison." Chambers of presence." Bacon. --
Presence of mind, that state of the mind in which all its faculties
are alert, prompt, and acting harmoniously in obedience to the will,
enabling one to reach, as it were spontaneously or by intuition, just
conclusions in sudden emergencies.
Presensation
Pre`sen*sa"tion (?), n. Previous sensation, notion, or idea. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Presension
Pre*sen"sion (?), n. [L. praesensio, fr. praesentire to perceive
beforehand. See Presentient.] Previous perception. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.
Present
Pres"ent (?), a. [F. pr\'82sent, L. praesens,-entis, that is before
one, in sight or at hand, p. p. of praeesse to be before; prae before
+ esse to be. See Essence.]
1. Being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated
limits; -- opposed to absent.
These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you.
John xiv. 25.
2. Now existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or
under consideration; being at this time; not past or future; as, the
present session of Congress; the present state of affairs; the present
instance.
I'll bring thee to the present business Shak.
3. Not delayed; immediate; instant; coincident. "A present
recompense." "A present pardon." Shak.
An ambassador . . . desires a present audience. Massinger.
4. Ready; quick in emergency; as a present wit. [R.]
5. Favorably attentive; propitious. [Archaic]
To find a god so present to my prayer. Dryden.
Present tense (Gram.), the tense or form of a verb which expresses
action or being in the present time; as, I am writing, I write, or I
do write.
Present
Pres"ent, n. [Cf. F. pr\'82sent. See Present, a.]
1. Present time; the time being; time in progress now, or at the
moment contemplated; as, at this present.
Past and present, wound in one. Tennyson.
2. pl. (Law) Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a
lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know
all men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, " per has
literas praesentes; " -- in this sense, rarely used in the singular.
3. (Gram.) A present tense, or the form of the verb denoting the
present tense.
At present, at the present time; now. -- For the present, for the tine
being; temporarily. -- In present, at once, without delay. [Obs.]
"With them, in present, half his kingdom; the rest to follow at his
death." Milton.
Present
Pre*sent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Presenting.] [F. pr\'82senter, L. praesentare, fr. praesens, a. See
Present, a.]
1. To bring or introduce into the presence of some one, especially of
a superior; to introduce formally; to offer for acquaintance; as, to
present an envoy to the king; (with the reciprocal pronoun) to come
into the presence of a superior.
Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves
before the lord. Job i. 6
2. To exhibit or offer to view or notice; to lay before one's
perception or cognizance; to set forth; to present a fine appearance.
Lectorides's memory is ever . . . presenting him with the thoughts
of other persons. I. Watts.
3. To pass over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or
possession; to deliver; to make over.
So ladies in romance assist their knight, Present the spear, and
arm him for the fight. Pope.
4. To make a gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or
ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer.
My last, least offering, I present thee now. Cowper.
5. Hence: To endow; to bestow a gift upon; to favor, as with a
donation; also, to court by gifts.
Octavia presented the poet for him admirable elegy on her son
Marcellus. Dryden.
6. To present; to personate. [Obs.] Shak.
7. In specific uses; (a) To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to
offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution.
The patron of a church may present his clerk to a parsonage or
vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be
instituted. Blackstone.
(b) To nominate for support at a public school or other institution .
Lamb. (c) To lay before a public body, or an official, for
consideration, as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a
corporation, etc.; as, to present a memorial, petition, remonstrance,
or indictment. (d) To lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to
give notice officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent
judicially; as, a grand jury present certain offenses or nuisances, or
whatever they think to be public injuries. (e) To bring an indictment
against . [U.S] (f) To aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; as, to
present a pistol or the point of a sword to the breast of another.
Pesent arms (Mil.), the command in response to which the gun is
carried perpendicularly in front of the center of the body, and held
there with the left hand grasping it at the lower band, and the right
hand grasping the small of the stock, in token of respect, as in
saluting a superior officer; also, the position taken at such a
command.
Present
Pre*sent", v. i. (Med.) To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to
be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination; -- said of a part
of an infant during labor.
Present
Pres"ent (?), n. [F. pr\'82sent .] Anything presented or given; a
gift; a donative; as, a Christmas present. Syn. -- Gift; donation;
donative; benefaction. See Gift.
Present
Pre*sent" (?), n. (Mil.) The position of a soldier in presenting arms;
as, to stand at present.
Presentable
Pre*sent"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82sentable.]
1. Capable or admitting of being presented; suitable to be exhibited,
represented, or offered; fit to be brought forward or set forth;
hence, fitted to be introduced to another, or to go into society; as,
ideas that are presentable in simple language; she is not presentable
in such a gown.
2. Admitting of the presentation of a clergiman; as, a church
presentable. [R.] Ayliffe.
Presentaneous
Pres`en*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. praesentaneus. See Present, a.] Ready;
quick; immediate in effect; as, presentaneous poison. [Obs.] Harvey.
Presentation
Pres`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praesentatio a showing, representation:
cf. F. pr\'82sentation.]
1. The act of presenting, or the state of being presented; a setting
forth; an offering; bestowal.
Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere desires. Hooker.
2. Hence, exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance;
show.
Under the presentation of the shoots his wit. Shak.
3. That which is presented or given; a present; a gift, as, the
picture was a presentation. [R.]
4. (Eccl.) The act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary
for institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman.
If the bishop admits the patron's presentation, the clerk so
admitted is next to be instituted by him. Blackstone.
5. (Med.) The particular position of the child during labor relatively
to the passage though which it is to be brought forth; -- specifically
designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus;
as, a breech presentation.
Presentation copy, a copy of a book, engraving, etc., presented to
some one by the author or artist, as a token of regard.
Presentative
Pre*sent"a*tive (?), a.
1. (Eccl.) Having the right of presentation, or offering a clergyman
to the bishop for institution; as, advowsons are presentative,
collative, or donative. Blackstone.
2. Admitting the presentation of a clergyman; as, a presentative
parsonage. Spelman.
3. (Metaph.) Capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the
mind; intuitive; directly apprehensible, as objects; capable of
apprehending, as faculties.
The latter term, presentative faculty, I use . . . in contrast and
correlation to a "representative faculty." Sir W. Hamilton.
Presentee
Pres`en*tee" (?), n. [F. pr\'82sent\'82, p. p. See Present, v. t. ]
One to whom something is presented; also, one who is presented;
specifically (Eccl.), one presented to benefice. Ayliffe.
Presenter
Pre*sent"er (?), n. One who presents.
Presential
Pre*sen"tial (?), a. [LL. praesentialis.] Implying actual presence;
present, immediate. [Obs.]
God's mercy is made presential to us. Jer. Taylor.
-- Pre*sen"tial*ly, adv. [Obs.]
Presentiality
Pre*sen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. State of being actually present. [Obs.]
South.
Presentiate
Pre*sen"ti*ate (?), v. t. To make present. [Obs.]
Presentient
Pre*sen"tient (?), a. [L. praesentiens, p. pr. of praesentire to
perceive beforehand; prae before + sentire to feel.] Feeling or
perceiving beforehand.
Presentific
Pres`en*tif"ic (?), a. [L. praesens, -entis, present + facere to
make.] Making present. [Obs.] -- Pres`en*tif"ic*ly, adv. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.
Presentifical
Pres`en*tif"ic*al (?), a. Presentific. [Obs.]
Presentiment
Pre*sen"ti*ment (?), n. [Pref. pre- + sentiment: cf. F. pressentiment.
See Presentient.] Previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous
apprehension; especially, an antecedent impression or conviction of
something unpleasant, distressing, or calamitous, about to happen;
anticipation of evil; foreboding.
Presentimental
Pre*sen`ti*men"tal (?), a. Of nature of a presentiment; foreboding.
[R.] Coleridge.
Presention
Pre*sen"tion (?), n. See Presension. [Obs.]
Presentive
Pre*sent"ive (?), a. (Philol.) Bringing a conception or notion
directly before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of
imagination; -- distinguished from symbolic.
How greatly the word "will" is felt to have lost presentive power
in the last three centuries. Earle.
-- Pre*sent"ive*ly, adv. -- Pre*sent"ive*ness, n.
Presently
Pres"ent*ly (?), adv.
1. At present; at this time; now. [Obs.]
The towns and forts you presently have. Sir P. Sidney.
2. At once; without delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon;
shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by. Shak.
And presently the fig tree withered away. Matt. xxi. 19.
3. With actual presence; actually . [Obs.]
His precious body and blood presently three. Bp. Gardiner.
Presentment
Pre*sent"ment (?), n.
1. The act of presenting, or the state of being presented;
presentation. " Upon the heels of my presentment." Shak.
2. Setting forth to view; delineation; appearance; representation;
exhibition.
Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion, And give it false
presentment. Milton.
3. (Law) (a) The notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from
their own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment
laid before them, as, the presentment of a nuisance, a libel, or the
like; also, an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury;
an official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an
indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the indictment
itself. (b) The official notice (formerly required to be given in
court) of the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone.
Presentment of a bill of exchange, the offering of a bill to the
drawee for acceptance, or to the acceptor for payment. See Bill of
exchange, under Bill.
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Presentness
Pres"ent*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being present; presence.
[Obs.] "Presentness of mind in danger." Clarendon.
Presentoir
Pres`en*toir" (?), n. [Formed after analogy of French.] An ornamental
tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver.
Preservable
Pre*serv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being preserved; admitting of
preservation.
Preservation
Pres`er*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82servation.] The act or process
of preserving, or keeping safe; the state of being preserved, or kept
from injury, destruction, or decay; security; safety; as, preservation
of life, fruit, game, etc.; a picture in good preservation.
Give us particulars of thy preservation. Shak.
Preservative
Pre*serv"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82servatif.] Having the power or
quality of preserving; tending to preserve, or to keep from injury,
decay, etc.
Preservative
Pre*serv"a*tive, n. That which preserves, or has the power of
preserving; a presevative agent.
To wear tablets as preservatives against the plague. Bacon.
Preservatory
Pre*serv"a*to*ry (?), a. Preservative. Bp. Hall.
Preservatory
Pre*serv"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Preservatories (.
1. A preservative. [Obs.] Whitlock.
2. A room, or apparatus, in which perishable things, as fruit,
vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay.
Preserve
Pre*serve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preserved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preserving.] [F. pr\'82server, from L. prae before + servare to save,
preserve; cf. L. praeservare to observe beforehand. See Serve.]
1. To keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend from
evil, harm, danger, etc.; to protect.
O Lord, thou preserved man and beast. Ps. xxxvi. 6.
Now, good angels preserve the king. Shak.
2. To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as
sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good
state, as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to preserve peaches or grapes.
You can not preserve it from tainting. Shak.
3. To maintain throughout; to keep intact; as, to preserve
appearances; to preserve silence.
To preserve game, to protect it from extermination. Syn. -- To keep;
save; secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect; guard; shield.
See Keep.
Preserve
Pre*serve", v. i.
1. To make preserves. Shak.
2. To protect game for purposes of sport.
Preserve
Pre*serve", n.
1. That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and kept by suitable
preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; -- commonly in the plural.
2. A place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of
sport, or for food.
Preserver
Pre*serv"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or defends, from
destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the life or
character of another. Shak.
2. One who makes preserves of fruit.
Game preserver. See under Game.
Preshow
Pre*show" (?), v. t. To foreshow.
Preside
Pre*side" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Presided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Presiding.] [L. praesidere; prae before + sedere to sit: cf. F.
pr\'82sider. See Sit.]
1. To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the
place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct,
control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to preside at a public
meeting; to preside over the senate.
2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over.
Some o'er the public magazines preside. Dryden.
Presidence
Pres"i*dence (?), n. See Presidency. [Obs.]
Presidency
Pres"i*den*cy (?), n.; pl. Presidencies (#). [Cf. F. pr\'82sidence.]
1. The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence;
control and care.
2. The office of president; as, Washington was elected to the
presidency.
3. The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the
presidency of Madison.
4. One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal,
Madras, and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which
its governor was president.
President
Pres"i*dent (?), n. Precedent. [Obs.] Bacon.
President
Pres"i*dent, a. Occupying the first rank or chief place; having the
highest authority; presiding. [R.]
His angels president In every province. Milton.
President
Pres"i*dent, n. [F. pr\'82sident, L. praesidens, -entis, p. pr. of
praesidere. See Preside.]
1. One who is elected or appointed to preside; a presiding officer, as
of a legislative body. Specifically: (a) The chief officer of a
corporation, company, institution, society, or the like. (b) The chief
executive officer of the government in certain republics; as, the
president of the United States.
2. A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius. [Obs.]
Just Apollo, president of verse. Waller.
Presidential
Pres`i*den"tial (?), a.
1. Presiding or watching over. "Presidential angels." Glanvill.
2. Of or pertaining to a president; as, the presidential chair; a
presidential election.
Presidentship
Pres"i*dent*ship (?), n. The office and dignity of president;
presidency. Hooker.
Presider
Pre*sid"er (?), n. One who presides.
Presidial, Presidiary
Pre*sid"i*al (?), Pre*sid"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. praesidialis and
praesidiarius, fr. praesidium a presiding over, defense, guard. See
Preside.] Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.
There are three presidial castles in this city. Howell.
Presidary
Pre*sid"*a*ry, n. [L. praesidiarium.] A guard. [Obs.] "Heavenly
presidiaries." Bp. Hall.
Presiding
Pre*sid"ing (?), a. & n. from Preside. Presiding elder. See under 2d
Elder.
Presidio
Pre*si"di*o (?), n. [Sp.] A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison;
a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse.
Presignification
Pre*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [praesignificatio. See Presignify.] The
act of signifying or showing beforehand.
Presignify
Pre*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presignified (?); imp. & p. p.
Presignifying.] [L. praesignificare; prae before + significare to
signify.] To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.
Presphenoid
Pre*sphe"noid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the sphenoid bone;
of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. e., the
presphenoid bone). Presphenoid bone (Anat.), the anterior part of the
body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually
a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the
sphenoid in the adult.
Presphenoid
Pre*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.) The presphenoid bone.
Presphenoidal
Pre`sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the presphenoid
bone; presphenoid.
Prespinal
Pre*spi"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Prevertebral.
Press
Press (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian insectivore (Tupaia
ferruginea). It is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The
fur is soft, and varies from rusty red to maroon and to brownish
black.
Press
Press, v. t. [Corrupt. fr. prest ready money advanced, a loan; hence,
earnest money given soldiers on entering service. See Prest, n.] To
force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.
To peaceful peasant to the wars is pressed. Dryden.
Press
Press, n. [For prest, confused with press.] A commission to force men
into public service, particularly into the navy.
I have misused the king's press. Shak.
Press gang, OR Pressgang, a detachment of seamen under the command of
an officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See Impress
gang, under Impress. -- Press money, money paid to a man enlisted into
public service. See Prest money, under Prest, a.
Press
Press, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pressing.] [F.
presser, fr. L. pressare to press, fr. premere, pressum, to press. Cf.
Print, v.]
1. To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon by pushing
or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or compel by a
gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; to compress;
as, we press the ground with the feet when we walk; we press the couch
on which we repose; we press substances with the hands, fingers, or
arms; we are pressed in a crowd.
Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together. Luke vi. 38.
2. To squeeze, in order to extract the juice or contents of; to
squeeze out, or express, from something.
From sweet kernels pressed, She tempers dulcet creams. Milton.
And I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I
gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. Gen. xl. 11.
3. To squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order
to compact, make dense, or smooth; as, to press cotton bales, paper,
etc.; to smooth by ironing; as, to press clothes.
4. To embrace closely; to hug.
Leucothoe shook at these alarms, And pressed Palemon closer in her
arms. Pope.
5. To oppress; to bear hard upon.
Press not a falling man too far. Shak.
6. To straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or hunger.
7. To exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over;
to constrain; to force; to compel.
Paul was pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that
Jesus was Christ. Acts xviii. 5.
8. To try to force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate
with earnestness or importunity; to enforce; as, to press divine truth
on an audience.
He pressed a letter upon me within this hour. Dryden.
Be sure to press upon him every motive. Addison.
9. To drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; as, to
press a horse in a race.
The posts . . . went cut, being hastened and pressed on, by the
king's commandment. Esther viii. 14.
NOTE: &hand; Pr ess di ffers fr om dr ive an d st rike in us ually
denoting a slow or continued application of force; whereas drive
and strike denote a sudden impulse of force.
Pressed brick. See under Brick.
Press
Press, v. i.
1. To exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or urge with
steady force.
2. To move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with
violence or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to
encroach.
They pressed upon him for to touch him. Mark iii. 10.
3. To urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or
compelling influence; as, an argument presses upon the judgment.
Press
Press, n. [F. presse. See 4th Press.]
1. An apparatus or machine by which any substance or body is pressed,
squeezed, stamped, or shaped, or by which an impression of a body is
taken; sometimes, the place or building containing a press or presses.
NOTE: &hand; Pr esses ar e di fferently co nstructed fo r va rious
purposes in the arts, their specific uses being commonly
designated; as, a cotton press, a wine press, a cider press, a
copying press, etc. See Drill press.
2. Specifically, a printing press.
3. The art or business of printing and publishing; hence, printed
publications, taken collectively, more especially newspapers or the
persons employed in writing for them; as, a free press is a blessing,
a licentious press is a curse.<-- "the press" usually refers to
newspaper reporters -->
4. An upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; as, a
clothes press. Shak.
5. The act of pressing or thronging forward.
In their throng and press to that last hold. Shak.
6. Urgent demands of business or affairs; urgency; as, a press of
engagements.
7. A multitude of individuals crowded together;
They could not come nigh unto him for the press. Mark ii. 4.
Cylinder press, a printing press in which the impression is produced
by a revolving cylinder under which the form passes; also, one in
which the form of type or plates is curved around a cylinder, instead
of resting on a flat bed. Hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. --
Liberty of the press, the free right of publishing books, pamphlets,
or papers, without previous restraint or censorship, subject only to
punishment for libelous, seditious, or morally pernicious matters. --
Press bed, a bed that may be folded, and inclosed, in a press or
closet. Boswell. -- Press of sail, (Naut.), as much sail as the state
of the wind will permit.
Presser
Press"er (?), n. One who, or that which, presses. Presser bar, OR
Presser wheel (Knitting machine), a bar or wheel which closes the
barbs of the needles to enable the loops of the yarn to pass over
them. -- Presser foot, the part of a sewing machine which rests on the
cloth and presses it down upon the table of the machine.
Pressgang
Press"gang` (?), n. See Press gang, under Press.
Pressing
Press"ing, a. Urgent; exacting; importunate; as, a pressing necessity.
-- Press"ing*ly, adv.
Pression
Pres"sion (?), n. [L. pressio: cf. F. pression. See 4th Press.]
1. The act of pressing; pressure. Sir I. Newton.
2. (Cartesian Philos.) An endeavor to move.
Pressiroster
Pres`si*ros"ter (?), n. [L. presssus pressed (p. p. of premere) +
rostrum beak: cf. F. pressirostre. See 4th Press.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a
tribe of wading birds (Pressirostres) including those which have a
compressed beak, as the plovers.
Pressirostral
Pres`si*ros"tral (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
pressirosters.
Pressitant
Pres"si*tant (?), a. [See 4th Press.] Gravitating; heavy. [Obs.] Dr.
H. More.
Pressive
Pres"sive (?), a. Pressing; urgent; also, oppressive; as, pressive
taxation. [R.] Bp. Hall.
Pressly
Press"ly (?), adv. Closely; concisely. [Obs.]
Pressman
Press"man (?), n.; pl. Pressmen (.
1. One who manages, or attends to, a press, esp. a printing press.
2. One who presses clothes; as, a tailor's pressman.
Pressman
Press"man, n. [See 2d Press.] One of a press gang, who aids in forcing
men into the naval service; also, one forced into the service.
Pressor
Press"or (?), a. (Physiol.) Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to
an increase of pressure; as, pressor nerve fibers, stimulation of
which excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger
contraction of the arteries and consequently an increase of the
arterial blood pressure; -- opposed to depressor. Landois & Stirling.
Pressback
Press"back` (?), v. t. To pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a
press.
Pressurage
Pres"sur*age (?), n. [F.]
1. Pressure.
2. The juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid for
the use of a wine press.
Pressure
Pres"sure (?; 138), n. [OF., fr. L. pressura, fr. premere. See 4th
Press.]
1. The act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed;
compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand.
2. A contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of
poverty; the pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind;
the pressure of civilization.
Where the pressure of danger was not felt. Macaulay.
3. Affliction; distress; grievance.
My people's pressures are grievous. Eikon Basilike.
In the midst of his great troubles and pressures. Atterbury.
4. Urgency; as, the pressure of business.
5. Impression; stamp; character impressed.
All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past. Shak.
6. (Mech.) The action of a force against some obstacle or opposing
force; a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface,
often estimated with reference to the upon a unit's area.
Atmospheric pressure, Center of pressure, etc. See under Atmospheric,
Center, etc. -- Back pressure (Steam engine), pressure which resists
the motion of the piston, as the pressure of exhaust steam which does
not find free outlet. -- Fluid pressure, pressure like that exerted by
a fluid. It is a thrust which is normal and equally intense in all
directions around a point. Rankine. -- Pressure gauge, a gauge for
indicating fluid pressure; a manometer.
Presswork
Press"work` (?), n. The art of printing from the surface of type,
plates, or engravings in relief, by means of a press; the work so
done. MacKellar.
Prest
Prest (?), imp. & p. p. of Press.
Prest
Prest, a. [OF. prest, F. pr\'88t, fr. L. praestus ready. Cf. Presto.]
1. Ready; prompt; prepared. [Obs.]
All prest to such battle he was. R. of Gloucester.
2. Neat; tidy; proper. [Obs.] Tusser.
Prest money, money formerly paid to men when they enlisted into the
British service; -- so called because it bound those that received it
to be ready for service when called upon.
Prest
Prest, n. [OF. prest, F. pr\'88t, fr. OF. prester to lend, F.
pr\'88ter, fr. L. praestare to stand before, to become surety for, to
fulfill, offer, supply; prae before + stare to stand. See Pre-, and
Stand, and cf. Press to force into service.]
1. Ready money; a loan of money. [Obs.]
Requiring of the city a prest of six thousand marks. Bacon.
2. (Law) A duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account
in the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands. Cowell.
Prest
Prest, v. t. To give as a loan; to lend. [Obs.]
Sums of money . . . prested out in loan. E. Hall.
Prestable
Prest"a*ble (?), a. Payable. [Scot.]
Prestation
Pres*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praestatio a performing, paying, fr.
praestare: cf. F. prestation.] (O. Eng. Law) A payment of money; a
toll or duty; also, the rendering of a service. Burrill.
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Prestation money, a sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other
dignitaries to their bishop.
Prester
Pres"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
1. A meteor or exhalation formerly supposed to be thrown from the
clouds with such violence that by collision it is set on fire. [Obs.]
2. pl. One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other
excitement. [Obs.]
Prester
Pres"ter, n. [OF. prestre. See Priest.] A priest or presbyter; as,
Prester John. [Obs.]
Presternum
Pre*ster"num (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior segment of the
sternum; the manubrium. -- Pre*ster"nal (#), a.
Prestidigital
Pres`ti*dig"i*tal (?), a. Nimble-fingered; having fingers fit for
prestidigitation, or juggling. [R.] "His prestidigital hand." Charles
Reade.
Prestidigitation
Pres`ti*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. Legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling.
Prestidigitator
Pres`ti*dig"i*ta`tor (?), n. [L. praesto ready + digitus finger: cf.
F. prestidigitateur.] One skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a
juggler.
Prestige
Pres"tige (?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. praestigum delusion, illusion,
praestigae deceptions, jugglers' tricks, prob. fr. prae before + the
root of stinguere to extinguish, originally, to prick. See Stick, v.]
1. Delusion; illusion; trick. [Obs.]
The sophisms of infidelity, and the prestiges of imposture. Bp.
Warburton.
2. Weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of
future achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or
charm derived from acknowledged character or reputation. "The prestige
of his name must go for something." Sir G. C. Lewis.
Prestigiation
Pres*tig`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. praestigiare to deceive by juggling
tricks, fr. praestigae. See Prestige.] Legerdemain; prestidigitation.
[Obs.]
Prestigiator
Pres*tig"i*a`tor (?), n. [L. praestigiator.] A juggler;
prestidigitator. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Prestigiatory
Pres*tig"i*a*to*ry (?), a. Consisting of impostures; juggling. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Prestigious
Pres*tig"i*ous (?), a. [L. praestigiosus.] Practicing tricks;
juggling. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.
Prestimony
Pres"ti*mo*ny (?), n. [LL. praestimonium, fr. L. praestare to furnish,
supply: cf. F. prestimonie. See Prest, n.] (Canon Law) A fund for the
support of a priest, without the title of a benefice. The patron in
the collator.
Prestissimo
Pres*tis"si*mo (?), adv. [It., superl. of presto.] (Mus.) Very
quickly; with great rapidity.
Presto
Pres"to (?), adv. [It. or Sp. presto quick, quickly. See Prest, a.]
1. Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly.
Presto! begone! 'tis here again. Swift.
2. (Mus.) Quickly; rapidly; -- a direction for a quick, lively
movement or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time
except prestissimo.
Presstriction
Pres*stric"tion (?), n. [L. praestrictio a binding fast, fr.
praestringere. See Pre-, and Stringent.] Obstruction, dimness, or
defect of sight. [Obs.] Milton.
Presultor
Pre*sul"tor (?), n. [L. praesultor; prae before + salire to dance.] A
leader in the dance. [R.]
Presumable
Pre*sum"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82sumable.] Such as may be presumed
or supposed to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct
evidence.
Presumably
Pre*sum"a*bly, adv. In a presumable manner; by, or according to,
presumption.
Presume
Pre*sume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Presuming.] [F. pr\'82sumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before +
sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.]
1. To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without
leave or authority previously obtained.
Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner? Shak.
Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.
2. To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without
examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for
granted; to infer; to suppose.
Every man is to be presumed innocent till he is proved to be
guilty. Blackstone.
What rests but that the mortal sentence pass, . . . Which he
presumes already vain and void, Because not yet inflicted? Milton.
Presume
Pre*sume", v. i.
1. To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds
deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by
anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.
2. To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not
granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the
case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on
or upon before the ground of confidence.
Do not presume too much upon my love. Shak.
This man presumes upon his parts. Locke.
Presumedly
Pre*sum"ed*ly, adv. By presumption.
Presumer
Pre*sum"er (?), n. One who presumes; also, an arrogant person. Sir H.
Wotton.
Presumingly
Pre*sum"ing*ly, adv. Confidently; arrogantly.
Presumption
Pre*sump"tion (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F. pr\'82somption, OF.
also presumpcion. See Presume.]
1. The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act
of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete proof.
2. Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive; strong
probability; reasonable supposition; as, the presumption is that an
event has taken place.
3. That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or
believed to be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not
conclusive. "In contradiction to these very plausible presumptions."
De Quincey.
4. The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping
of the bounds of reverence, respect, or courtesy; forward,
overconfident, or arrogant opinion or conduct; presumptuousness;
arrogance; effrontery.
Thy son I killed for his presumption. Shak.
I had the presumption to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece.
Dryden.
Conclusive presumption. See under Conclusive. -- Presumption of fact
(Law), an argument of a fact from a fact; an inference as to the
existence of one fact not certainly known, from the existence of some
other fact known or proved, founded on a previous experience of their
connection; supposition of the truth or real existence of something,
without direct or positive proof of the fact, but grounded on
circumstantial or probable evidence which entitles it to belief.
Burrill. Best. Wharton. -- Presumption of law (Law), a postulate
applied in advance to all cases of a particular class; e. g., the
presumption of innocence and of regularity of records. Such a
presumption is rebuttable or irrebuttable.
Presumptive
Pre*sump"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82somptif.]
1. Based on presumption or probability; grounded on probable evidence;
probable; as, presumptive proof.
2. Presumptuous; arrogant. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Presumptive evidence (Law), that which is derived from circumstances
which necessarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct
evidence or positive proof; indirect or circumstantial evidence.
"Presumptive evidence of felony should be cautiously admitted."
Blackstone. The distinction, however, between direct and presumptive
(or circumstantial) evidence is now generally abandoned; all evidence
being now more or less direct and more or less presumptive. --
Presumptive heir. See Heir presumptive, under Heir.
Presumptively
Pre*sump"tive*ly, adv. By presumption, or supposition grounded or
probability; presumably.
Presumptuous
Pre*sump"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. praesumptuosus: cf. F.
pr\'82somptueux, OF. also presumptuous. See Presumption.]
1. Full of presumption; presuming; overconfident or venturesome;
audacious; rash; taking liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a
presumptuous commander; presumptuous conduct.
A class of presumptuous men, whom age has not made cautious, nor
adversity wise. Buckminster.
2. Founded on presumption; as, a presumptuous idea. "False,
presumptuous hope." Milton.
3. Done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known
duty; willful. "Keep back the servant also from presumptuous sins."
Ps. xix. 13. Syn. -- Overconfident; foolhardy; rash; presuming;
forward; arrogant; insolent.
Presumptuously
Pre*sump"tu*ous*ly, adv. In a presumptuous manner; arrogantly.
Presumptuousness
Pre*sump"tu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being presumptuous.
Presupposal
Pre`sup*pos"al (?), n. Presupposition. [R.] "Presupposal of
knowledge." Hooker.
Presuppose
Pre`sup*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presupposed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Presupposing.] [Pref. pre- + suppose: cf. F. pr\'82supposer.] To
suppose beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to
assume; as, creation presupposes a creator.
Each [kind of knowledge] presupposes many necessary things learned
in other sciences, and known beforehand. Hooker.
Presupposition
Pre*sup`po*si"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + supposition: cf. F.
pr\'82supposition.]
1. The act of presupposing; an antecedent implication; presumption.
2. That which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise.
Presurmise
Pre`sur*mise" (?), n. A surmise previously formed. Shak.
Presystolic
Pre`sys*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the systole or contraction
of the heart; as, the presystolic friction sound.
Pretemporal
Pre*tem"po*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the temporal bone.
Pretence, n., Pretenceful, a., Pretenceless
Pre*tence" (?), n., Pre*tence"ful, a., Pre*tence"*less, a. See
Pretense, Pretenseful, Pretenseless.
Pretend
Pre*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretending.] [OE. pretenden to lay claim to, F. pr\'82tendre, L.
praetendere, praetentum, to stretch forward, pretend, simulate,
assert; prae before + tendere to stretch. See Tend, v. t. ]
1. To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.
Chiefs shall be grudged the part which they pretend. Dryden.
2. To hold before, or put forward, as a cloak or disguise for
something else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden. [R.]
Lest that too heavenly form, pretended To hellish falsehood, snare
them. Milton.
3. To hold out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as
true or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or
for the purpose of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; as, to pretend
friendship.
This let him know, Lest, willfully transgressing, he pretend
Surprisal. Milton.
4. To intend; to design; to plot; to attempt. [Obs.]
Such as shall pretend Malicious practices against his state. Shak.
5. To hold before one; to extend. [Obs.] "His target always over her
pretended." Spenser.
Pretend
Pre*tend", v. i.
1. To put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to allege a title;
to lay claim to, or strive after, something; -- usually with to.
"Countries that pretend to freedom." Swift.
For to what fine he would anon pretend, That know I well. Chaucer.
2. To hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to
profess; to make believe; to feign; to sham; as, to pretend to be
asleep. "[He] pretended to drink the waters." Macaulay.
Pretendant
Pre*tend"ant (?), n. A pretender; a claimant.
Pretended
Pre*tend"ed, a. Making a false appearance; unreal; false; as,
pretended friend. -- Pre*tend"ed*ly, adv.
Pretendence
Pre*tend"ence (?), n. The act of pretending; pretense. [Obs.] Daniel.
Pretender
Pre*tend"er (?), n.
1. One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to something); a claimant.
Specifically, The pretender (Eng. Hist.), the son or the grandson of
James II., the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who laid claim to
the throne of Great Britain, from which the house was excluded by law.
It is the shallow, unimproved intellects that are the confident
pretenders to certainty. Glanvill.
2. One who pretends, simulates, or feigns.
Pretendership
Pre*tend"er*ship, n. The character, right, or claim of a pretender.
Swift.
Pretendingly
Pre*tend"ing*ly, adv. As by right or title; arrogantly;
presumptuously. Collier.
Pretense, Pretence
Pre*tense", Pre*tence (?), n. [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus, p.
p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.]
1. The act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension.
Spenser.
Primogeniture can not have any pretense to a right of solely
inheriting property or power. Locke.
I went to Lambeth with Sir R. Brown's pretense to the wardenship of
Merton College, Oxford. Evelyn.
2. The act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or
feigned; presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception
by showing what is unreal and concealing what is real; false show;
simulation; as, pretense of illness; under pretense of patriotism; on
pretense of revenging C\'91sar's death.
3. That which is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show,
argument, or reason; pretext; feint.
Let not the Trojans, with a feigned pretense Of proffered peace,
delude the Latian prince. Dryden.
4. Intention; design. [Obs.]
A very pretense and purpose of unkindness. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; See the Note under Offense.
Syn. -- Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse. -- Pretense,
Pretext. A pretense is something held out as real when it is not so,
thus falsifying the truth. A pretext is something woven up in order to
cover or conceal one's true motives, feelings, or reasons. Pretext is
often, but not always, used in a bad sense.
Pretensed
Pre*tensed" (?), a. Pretended; feigned. [Obs.] -- Pre*tens"ed*ly (#),
adv. [Obs.]
Pretenseful
Pre*tense"ful (?), a. Abounding in pretenses.
Pretenseless
Pre*tense"less, a. Not having or making pretenses.
Pretension
Pre*ten"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82tention. See Pretend, Tension.]
1. The act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right
or title.
The arrogant pretensions of Glengarry contributed to protract the
discussion. Macaulay.
2. A claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a
holding out the appearance of possessing a certain character; as,
pretensions to scholarship.
This was but an invention and pretension given out by the
Spaniards. Bacon.
Men indulge those opinions and practices that favor their
pretensions. L'Estrange.
Pretentative
Pre*ten"ta*tive (?), a. [Pref. pre- + tentative: cf. L. praetentare to
try beforehand.] Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental. [R.] Sir
H. Wotton.
Pretentious
Pre*ten"tious (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82tentieux. See Pretend.] Full of
pretension; disposed to lay claim to more than is one's; presuming;
assuming. -- Pre*ten"tious*ly, adv. -- Pre*ten"tious*ness, n.
Preter-
Pre"ter- (?). [L. praeter past, beyond, originally a compar. of prae
before. See For, prep.] A prefix signifying past, by, beyond, more
than; as, preter- mission, a permitting to go by; preternatural,
beyond or more than is natural. [Written also pr\'91ter.]
Preterhuman
Pre`ter*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. preter- + human.] More than human.
Preterient
Pre*te"ri*ent (?), a. [L. praeteriens, p. pr. See Preterit.] Passed
through; antecedent; previous; as, preterient states. [R.]
Preterimperfect
Pre`ter*im*per"fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + imperfect.] (Gram.)
Old name of the tense also called imperfect.
Preterist
Pret"er*ist (?), n. [Pref. preter- + -ist.]
1. One whose chief interest is in the past; one who regards the past
with most pleasure or favor.
2. (Theol.) One who believes the prophecies of the Apocalypse to have
been already fulfilled. Farrar.
Preterit
Pret"er*it (?; 277), a. [L. praeteritus, p. p. of praeterire to go or
pass by; praeter beyond, by + ire to go: cf. F. pr\'82t\'82rit. See
Issue.] [Written also preterite and pr\'91terite.]
1. (Gram.) Past; -- applied to a tense which expresses an action or
state as past.
2. Belonging wholly to the past; passed by. [R.]
Things and persons as thoroughly preterite as Romulus or Numa.
Lowell.
Preterit
Pret"er*it, n. (Gram.) The preterit; also, a word in the preterit
tense.
Preterite
Pret"er*ite (?), a. & n. Same as Preterit.
Preteriteness
Pret"er*ite*ness, n. Same as Preteritness.
Preterition
Pre`ter*i"tion (?; 277), n. [L. praeteritio: cf. F.
pr\'82t\'82rition.]
1. The act of passing, or going past; the state of being past. Bp.
Hall.
2. (Rhet.) A figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a
summary mention of it is made; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he
is learned, he is just." Called also paraleipsis.
3. (Law) The omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is
entitled to a portion. Bouvier.
Preteritive
Pre*ter"i*tive (?), a. (Gram.) Used only or chiefly in the preterit or
past tenses, as certain verbs.
Preteritness
Pret"er*it*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being past. Bentley.
Lowell.
Preterlapsed
Pre`ter*lapsed" (?), a. [L. praeterlapsus, p. p. of praeterlabi to
glide by. See Preter-, Lapse.] Past; as, preterlapsed ages. [R.]
Glanvill.
Preterlegal
Pre`ter*le"gal (?), a. [Pref. preter- + legal.] Exceeding the limits
of law. [R.]
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Pretermission
Pre`ter*mis"sion (?), n. [L. praetermissio. See Pretermit.]
1. The act of passing by or omitting; omission. Milton.
2. (Rhet.) See Preterition.
Pretermit
Pre`ter*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretermitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretermitting.] [L. praetermittere, praetermissum; praeter beyond +
mittere to send. See Mission.] To pass by; to omit; to disregard.
Bacon.
Preternatural
Pre`ter*nat"u*ral (?; 135), a. [Pref. preter + natural.] Beyond of
different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of
things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange;
inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal; as, a
preternatural appearance; a preternatural stillness; a preternatural
presentation (in childbirth) or labor.
This vile and preternatural temper of mind. South.
Syn. -- See Supernatural.
Preternaturalism
Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. The state of being preternatural; a
preternatural condition.
Preternaturality
Pre`ter*nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. Preternaturalness. [R.] Dr. John Smith.
Preternaturally
Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ly (?; 135), adv. In a preternatural manner or
degree. Bacon.
Preternaturalness
Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ness, n. The quality or state of being
preternatural.
Preterperfect
Pre`ter*per"fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + perfect.] (Gram.) Old
name of the tense also called preterit.
Preterpluperfect
Pre`ter*plu"per`fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + pluperfect.]
(Gram.) Old name of the tense also called pluperfect.
Pretertiary
Pre*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. (Geol.) Earlier than Tertiary.
Pretervection
Pre`ter*vec"tion (?), n. [L. praetervectio, fr. praetervehere to carry
beyond. See Invection.] The act of carrying past or beyond. [R.] Abp.
Potter.
Pretex
Pre*tex" (?), v. t. [L. praetexere. See Pretext.] To frame; to devise;
to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend; to declare falsely. [Obs.]
Pretext
Pre"text (?; 277), n. [F. pr\'82texte, L. praetextum, fr. praetextus,
p. p. of praetexere to weave before, allege as an excuse; prae before
+ texere to weave. See Text.] Ostensible reason or motive assigned or
assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense;
disguise.
They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of
service and kindness. L'Estrange.
With how much or how little pretext of reason. Dr. H. More.
Syn. -- Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See
Pretense.
Pretexture
Pre*tex"ture (?; 135), n. A pretext. [Obs.]
Pretibial
Pre*tib"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the tibia.
Pretor
Pre"tor (?), n. [L. praetor, for praeitor, fr. praeire to go before;
prae before + ire to go. See Issue.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A civil officer or magistrate among the ancient
Romans.
NOTE: &hand; Or iginally the pretor was a kind of third consul; but
at an early period two pretors were appointed, the first of whom
(praetor urbanus) was a kind of mayor or city judge; the other
(praetor peregrinus) was a judge of cases in which one or both of
the parties were foreigners. Still later, the number of pretors, or
judges, was further increased.
2. Hence, a mayor or magistrate. [R.] Dryden.
Pretorial
Pre*to"ri*al (?), a. Pretorian. Burke.
Pretorian
Pre*to"ri*an (?), a. [L. praetorians: cf. F. pr\'82torien.] Of or
pertaining to a pretor or magistrate; judicial; exercised by, or
belonging to, a pretor; as, pretorian power or authority. Pretorian
bands OR guards, OR Pretorians (Rom. Hist.), the emperor's bodyguards,
instituted by the Emperor Augustus in nine cohorts of 1,000 men each.
-- Pretorian gate (Rom. Antiq.), that one of the four gates in a camp
which lay next the enemy. Brande & C.
Pretorian
Pre*to"ri*an, n. A soldier of the pretorian guard.
Pretorium
Pre*to"ri*um (?), n. [L. praetorium, fr. praetor.]
1. The general's tent in a Roman camp; hence, a council of war,
because held in the general's tent.
2. The official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a place;
a splendid country seat.
Pretorship
Pre"tor*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a pretor. J. Warton
Pretorture
Pre*tor"ture (?; 135), v. t. To torture beforehand. Fuller.
Prettily
Pret"ti*ly (?), adv. In a pretty manner.
Prettiness
Pret"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being pretty; -- used
sometimes in a disparaging sense.
A style . . . without sententious pretension or antithetical
prettiness. Jeffrey.
Pretty
Pret"ty (?), a. [Compar. Prettier (?); superl. Prettiest.] [OE. prati,
AS. pr\'91ttig, pr\'91tig, crafty, sly, akin to pr\'91t, pr\'91tt,
deceit, trickery, Icel. prettugr tricky, prettr a trick; probably fr.
Latin, perhaps through Celtic; cf. W. praith act, deed, practice, LL.
practica execution, practice, plot. See Practice.]
1. Pleasing by delicacy or grace; attracting, but not striking or
impressing; of a pleasing and attractive form a color; having slight
or diminutive beauty; neat or elegant without elevation or grandeur;
pleasingly, but not grandly, conceived or expressed; as, a pretty
face; a pretty flower; a pretty poem.
This is the prettiest lowborn lass that ever Ran on the greensward.
Shak.
2. Moderately large; considerable; as, he had saved a pretty fortune.
"Wavering a pretty while." Evelyn.
3. Affectedly nice; foppish; -- used in an ill sense.
The pretty gentleman is the most complaisant in the world.
Spectator.
4. Mean; despicable; contemptible; -- used ironically; as, a pretty
trick; a pretty fellow.
5. Stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant. [Scot.]
[He] observed they were pretty men, meaning not handsome. Sir W.
Scott.
Syn. -- Elegant; neat; fine. See Handsome.
Pretty
Pret"ty (?), adv. In some degree; moderately; considerably; rather;
almost; -- less emphatic than very; as, I am pretty sure of the fact;
pretty cold weather.
Pretty plainly professes himself a sincere Christian. Atterbury.
Prettyish
Pret"ty*ish, a. Somewhat pretty. Walpole.
Prettyism
Pret"ty*ism (?), n. Affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc. [R.]
Ed. Rev.
Pretty-spoken
Pret"ty-spo`ken (?), a. Spoken or speaking prettily. [Colloq.]
Pretypify
Pre*typ"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretypified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretypifying.] To prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type. Bp.
Pearson.
Pretzel
Pret"zel (?), n. [G. pretzel, bretzel. Cf. Bretzel.] A kind of German
biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside.
Prevail
Pre*vail" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prevailing.] [F. pr\'82valoir, OF. prevaleir, L. praevalere; prae
before + valere to be strong, able, or worth. See Valiant.]
1. To overcome; to gain the victory or superiority; to gain the
advantage; to have the upper hand, or the mastery; to succeed; --
sometimes with over or against.
When Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed, and when he let down
his hand, Amalek prevailed. Ex. xvii. 11.
So David prevailed over the Philistine. 1 Sam. xvii. 50.
This kingdom could never prevail against the united power of
England. Swift.
2. To be in force; to have effect, power, or influence; to be
predominant; to have currency or prevalence; to obtain; as, the
practice prevails this day.
This custom makes the short-sighted bigots, and the warier
skeptics, as far as it prevails. Locke.
3. To persuade or induce; -- with on, upon, or with; as, I prevailedon
him to wait.
He was prevailed with to restrain the Earl. Clarendon.
Prevail upon some judicious friend to be your constant hearer, and
allow him the utmost freedom. Swift.
Prevailing
Pre*vail"ing, a.
1. Having superior force or influence; efficacious; persuasive. Shak.
Saints shall assist thee with prevailing prayers. Rowe.
2. Predominant; prevalent; most general; as, the prevailing disease of
a climate; a prevailing opinion. Syn. See Prevalent.
Prevailingly
Pre*vail"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevail.
Prevailment
Pre*vail"ment (?), n. Prevalence; superior influence; efficacy. [Obs.]
Shak.
Prevalence
Prev"a*lence (?), n. [L. praevalentia: cf. F. pr\'82valence. See
Prevail.] The quality or condition of being prevalent; superior
strength, force, or influence; general existence, reception, or
practice; wide extension; as, the prevalence of virtue, of a fashion,
or of a disease; the prevalence of a rumor.
The duke better knew what kind of argument were of prevalence with
him. Clarendon.
Prevalency
Prev"a*len*cy (?), n. See Prevalence.
Prevalent
Prev"a*lent (?), a. [L. praevalens, -entis, p. pr. of praevalere. See
Prevail.]
1. Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force, influence,
or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful; victorious.
Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that prevalent arms were as
good as any title. Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Most generally received or current; most widely adopted or
practiced; also, generally or extensively existing; widespread;
prevailing; as, a prevalent observance; prevalent disease.
This was the most received and prevalent opinion. Woodward.
Syn. -- Prevailing; predominant; successful; efficacious; powerful. --
Prevalent, Prevailing. What customarily prevails is prevalent; as, a
prevalent fashion. What actually prevails is prevailing; as, the
prevailing winds are west. Hence, prevailing is the livelier and more
pointed word, since it represents a thing in action. It is sometimes
the stronger word, since a thing may prevail sufficiently to be called
prevalent, and yet require greater strength to make it actually
prevailing.
Prevalently
Prev"a*lent"ly, adv. In a prevalent manner. Prior.
Prevaricate
Pre*var"i*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevaricated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prevaricating.] [L. praevaricatus, p. p. of praevaricari to walk
crookedly, to collude; prae before + varicare to straddle, fr. varicus
straddling, varus bent. See Varicose.]
1. To shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct
course, or from truth; to speak with equivocation; to shuffle; to
quibble; as, he prevaricates in his statement.
He prevaricates with his own understanding. South.
2. (Civil Law) To collude, as where an informer colludes with the
defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.
3. (Eng. Law) To undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the
purpose of defeating or destroying it. Syn. -- To evade; equivocate;
quibble; shuffle. -- Prevaricate, Evade, Equivocate. One who evades a
question ostensibly answers it, but really turns aside to some other
point. He who equivocate uses words which have a double meaning, so
that in one sense he can claim to have said the truth, though he does
in fact deceive, and intends to do it. He who prevaricates talks all
round the question, hoping to "dodge" it, and disclose nothing.
Prevaricate
Pre*var"i*cate, v. t. To evade by a quibble; to transgress; to
pervert. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
Prevarication
Pre*var`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praevaricatio: cf. F. pr\'82varication.]
1. The act of prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the
truth or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair
dealing.
The august tribunal of the skies, where no prevarication shall
avail. Cowper.
2. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office.
3. (Law) (a) (Roman Law) The collusion of an informer with the
defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution. (b) (Common
Law) A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose
of defeating or destroying it. Cowell.
Prevaricator
Pre*var"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L. praevaricator: cf. F. pr\'82varicateur.]
1. One who prevaricates.
2. (Roman Law) A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a
sham prosecution.
3. One who betrays or abuses a trust. Prynne.
Preve
Preve (?), v. i. & i. To prove. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Preve
Preve, n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Prevenance
Prev"e*nance (?), n. [F. pr\'82venance.] (Metaph.) A going before;
anticipation in sequence or order. "The law of prevenance is simply
the well-known law of phenomenal sequence." Ward.
Prevenancy
Prev"e*nan*cy (?), n. The act of anticipating another's wishes,
desires, etc., in the way of favor or courtesy; hence, civility;
obligingness. [Obs.] Sterne.
Prevene
Pre*vene" (?), v. t. & i. [F. pr\'82venir, L. praevenire. See
Prevent.] To come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent.
[Obs.] Philips.
Prevenience
Pre*ven"i*ence (?; 106), n. The act of going before; anticipation.
[R.]
Prevenient
Pre*ven"i*ent (?), a. [L. praeveniens, p. pr.] Going before;
preceding; hence, preventive. "Prevenient grace descending." Milton.
Prevent
Pre*vent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prevented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preventing.] [L. praevenire, praeventum; prae before + venire to come.
See Come.]
1. To go before; to precede; hence, to go before as a guide; to
direct. [Obs.]
We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not
prevent them which are asleep. 1 Thess. iv. 15.
We pray thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us. Bk.
of Common Prayer.
Then had I come, preventing Sheba's queen. Prior.
2. To be beforehand with; to anticipate. [Obs.]
Their ready guilt preventing thy commands. Pope.
3. To intercept; to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart. "This
vile purpose to prevent." Shak.
Perhaps forestalling night prevented them. Milton.
Prevent
Pre*vent", v. i. To come before the usual time. [Obs.]
Strawberries . . . will prevent and come early. Bacon.
Preventability
Pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preventable.
Preventable
Pre*vent"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prevented or hindered; as,
preventable diseases.
Preventative
Pre*vent"a*tive (?), n. That which prevents; -- incorrectly used
instead of preventive.
Preventer
Pre*vent"er (?), n.
1. One who goes before; one who forestalls or anticipates another.
[Obs.] Bacon.
2. One who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; as,
a preventer of evils or of disease.
3. (Naut.) An auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast.
Preventer bolts, OR Preventer plates (Naut.), fixtures connected with
preventers to re\'89nforce other rigging. -- Preventer stay. (Naut.)
Same as Preventer, 3.
Preventingly
Pre*vent"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevent or hinder.
Prevention
Pre*ven"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82vention.]
1. The act of going, or state of being, before. [Obs.]
The greater the distance, the greater the prevention. Bacon.
2. Anticipation; esp., anticipation of needs or wishes; hence,
precaution; forethought. [Obs.] Hammond. Shak.
3. The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access,
or approach; thwarting. South.
Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention. Shak.
4. Prejudice; prepossession. [A Gallicism] Dryden.
Preventional
Pre*ven"tion*al (?), a. Tending to prevent. [Obs.]
Preventive
Pre*vent"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82ventif.]
1. Going before; preceding. [Obs.]
Any previous counsel or preventive understanding. Cudworth.
2. Tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of;
as, a medicine preventive of disease.
Physic is either curative or preventive. Sir T. Browne.
Preventive service, the duty performed by the armed police in guarding
the coast against smuggling. [Eng]
Preventive
Pre*vent"ive, n. That which prevents, hinders, or obstructs; that
which intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a
prophylactic.
Preventively
Pre*vent"ive*ly, adv. In a preventive manner.
Prevertebral
Pre*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front, or on
the ventral side, of the vertebral column; prespinal.
Previous
Pre"vi*ous (?), a. [L. praevius going before, leading the way; prae
before + via the way. See Voyage.] Going before in time; being or
happening before something else; antecedent; prior; as, previous
arrangements; a previous illness.
The dull sound . . . previous to the storm, Rolls o'er the
muttering earth. Thomson.
Previous question. (Parliamentary Practice) See under Question, and
compare Closure. -- Previous to, before; -- often used adverbially for
previously. "Previous to publication." M. Arnold. "A policy . . . his
friends had advised previous to 1710." J. H. Newman. Syn. --
Antecedent; preceding; anterior; prior; foregoing; former.
Previously
Pre"vi*ous*ly, adv. Beforehand; antecedently; as, a plan previously
formed.
Previousness
Pre"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being previous; priority
or antecedence in time.
Previse
Pre*vise" (?), v. t. [L. praevisus, p. p. of praevidere to foresee;
prae before + videre to see. See Vision.]
1. To foresee. [R.]
2. To inform beforehand; to warn. Ld. Lytton.
Prevision
Pre*vi"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82vision.] Foresight; foreknowledge;
prescience. H. Spencer.
Prevoyant
Pre*voy"ant (?), a. [F. pr\'82voyant.] Foreseeing; prescient. [R.]
Mrs. Oliphant.
Prewarn
Pre*warn" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Prewarned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prewarning.] To warn beforehand; to forewarn. [R.]
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Prey
Prey (?), n. [OF. preie, F. proie, L. praeda, probably for praeheda.
See Prehensile, and cf. Depredate, Predatory.] Anything, as goods,
etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy
in war; spoil; booty; plunder.
And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto
Moses, and Eleazar the priest. Num. xxxi. 12.
2. That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured;
hence, a person given up as a victim.
The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job iv. ii.
Already sees herself the monster's prey. Dryden.
3. The act of devouring other creatures; ravage.
Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in prey. Shak.
Beast of prey, a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of
other animals.
Prey
Prey (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preying.]
[OF. preier, preer, L. praedari, fr. praeda. See Prey, n.] To take
booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence.
More pity that the eagle should be mewed, While kites and buzzards
prey at liberty. Shak.
To prey on OR upon. (a) To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to
rob. Shak. (b) To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to
seize and devour. Shak. (c) To wear away gradually; to cause to waste
or pine away; as, the trouble preyed upon his mind. Addison.
Preyer
Prey"er (?), n. One who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster;
a devourer. Hooker.
Preyful
Prey"ful (?), a.
1. Disposed to take prey. [Obs.]
The preyful brood of savage beasts. Chapman.
2. Rich in prey. [Obs.] Shak.
Prezygapophysis
Pre*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Prezygapophyses (#). [NL. See Pre-,
and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) An anterior zygapophysis.
Prial
Pri"al (?), n. A corruption of pair royal. See under Pair, n.
Prian
Pri"an (?), n. [Cornish, clayey ground, from pri clay.] (Mining) A
fine, white, somewhat friable clay; also, the ore contained in a
mixture of clay and pebbles. [Written also pryan.]
Priapean
Pri`a*pe"an (?), n. [Cf. L. Priapeius pertaining to Priapus.] (Lat.
Pros.) A species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible
into two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in
the first and the fourth foot, and an amphimacer in the third; --
applied also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to be
divisible into two portions of three feet each. Andrews.
Priapism
Pri"a*pism, n. [L. priapismus, Gr. Priapus the god of procreation, the
penis, Gr. priapisme.] (Med.) More or less permanent erection and
rigidity of the penis, with or without sexual desire.
Priapulacea
Pri*ap`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Priapism.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder
of Gephyr\'91a, having a cylindrical body with a terminal anal
opening, and usually with one or two caudal gills.
Pricasour
Pric"a*sour (?), n. A hard rider. [Obs.]
Price
Price (?), n. [OE. pris, OF. pris, F. prix, L. pretium; cf. Gr. pa to
buy, OI. renim I sell. Cf. Appreciate, Depreciate, Interpret, Praise,
n. & v., Precious, Prize.]
1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value
which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something
is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other
means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or
in barter; cost. "Buy wine and milk without money and without price."
Isa. lv. 1.
We can afford no more at such a price. Shak.
2. Value; estimation; excellence; worth.
Her price is far above rubies. Prov. xxxi. 10.
New treasures still, of countless price. Keble.
3. Reward; recompense; as, the price of industry.
'T is the price of toil, The knave deserves it when he tills the
soil. Pope.
Price current, OR Price list, a statement or list of the prevailing
prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc.,
published statedly or occasionally.
Price
Price, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Priced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricing.]
1. To pay the price of. [Obs.]
With thine own blood to price his blood. Spenser.
2. To set a price on; to value. See Prize.
3. To ask the price of; as, to price eggs. [Colloq.]
Priced
Priced (?), a. Rated in price; valued; as, high-priced goods;
low-priced labor.
Priceite
Price"ite (?), n. [From Thomas Price of San Francisco.] (Min.) A
hydrous borate of lime, from Oregon.
Priceless
Price"less, a.
1. Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth;
invaluable.
2. Of no value; worthless. [R.] J. Barlow.
Prick
Prick (?), n. [AS. prica, pricca, pricu; akin to LG. prick, pricke, D.
prik, Dan. prik, prikke, Sw. prick. Cf. Prick, v.]
1. That which pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender
thing; a pointed instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer.
Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary. Shak.
It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. Acts ix. 5.
2. The act of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp,
stinging pain; figuratively, remorse. "The pricks of conscience." A.
Tucker.
3. A mark made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point. Hence:
(a) A point or mark on the dial, noting the hour. [Obs.] "The prick of
noon." Shak. (b) The point on a target at which an archer aims; the
mark; the pin. "They that shooten nearest the prick." Spenser. (c) A
mark denoting degree; degree; pitch. [Obs.] "To prick of highest
praise forth to advance." Spenser. (d) A mathematical point; --
regularly used in old English translations of Euclid. (e) The
footprint of a hare. [Obs.]
4. (Naut.) A small roll; as, a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco.
Prick
Prick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricking.]
[AS. prician; akin to LG. pricken, D. prikken, Dan. prikke, Sw.
pricka. See Prick, n., and cf. Prink, Prig.]
1. To pierce slightly with a sharp-pointed instrument or substance; to
make a puncture in, or to make by puncturing; to drive a fine point
into; as, to prick one with a pin, needle, etc.; to prick a card; to
prick holes in paper.
2. To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to prick
a knife into a board. Sir I. Newton.
The cooks prick it [a slice] on a prong of iron. Sandys.
3. To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to
choose; to mark; -- sometimes with off.
Some who are pricked for sheriffs. Bacon.
Let the soldiers for duty be carefully pricked off. Sir W. Scott.
Those many, then, shall die: their names are pricked. Shak.
4. To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking;
to mark by punctured dots; as, to prick a pattern for embroidery; to
prick the notes of a musical composition. Cowper.
5. To ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge
on; -- sometimes with on, or off.
Who pricketh his blind horse over the fallows. Chaucer.
The season pricketh every gentle heart. Chaucer.
My duty pricks me on to utter that. Shak.
6. To affect with sharp pain; to sting, as with remorse. "I was
pricked with some reproof." Tennyson.
Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart. Acts
ii. 37.
7. To make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something
pointed; -- said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or
dog; and usually followed by up; -- hence, to prick up the ears, to
listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged.
"The courser . . . pricks up his ears." Dryden.
8. To render acid or pungent. [Obs.] Hudibras.
9. To dress; to prink; -- usually with up. [Obs.]
10. (Naut) (a) To run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail.
(b) To trace on a chart, as a ship's course.
11. (Far.) (a) To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause
lameness. (b) To nick.
Prick
Prick, v. i.
1. To be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by puncture;
as, a sore finger pricks.
2. To spur onward; to ride on horseback. Milton.
A gentle knight was pricking on the plain. Spenser.
3. To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine.
4. To aim at a point or mark. Hawkins.
Prick-eared
Prick"-eared` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having erect, pointed ears; -- said
of certain dogs.
Thou prick-eared cur of Iceland. Shak.
Pricker
Prick"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, pricks; a pointed instrument; a sharp
point; a prickle.
2. One who spurs forward; a light horseman.
The prickers, who rode foremost, . . . halted. Sir W. Scott.
3. A priming wire; a priming needle, -- used in blasting and gunnery.
Knight.
4. (Naut.) A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, --
used in sailmaking. R. H. Dana, Ir.
Pricket
Prick"et (?), n. [Perhaps so called from the state of his horns. See
Prick, and cf. Brocket.] (Zo\'94l.) A buck in his second year. See
Note under 3d Buck. Shak.
Pricking
Prick"ing, n.
1. The act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point. "There is
that speaketh like the prickings of a sword." Prov. xii. 18 [1583].
2. (Far.) (a) The driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to
produce lameness. (b) Same as Nicking.
3. A sensation of being pricked. Shak.
4. The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of
tracing a hare by its footmarks. [Obs.]
5. Dressing one's self for show; prinking. [Obs.]
Pricking-up
Prick"ing-up (?), n. (Arch.) The first coating of plaster in work of
three coats upon laths. Its surface is scratched once to form a better
key for the next coat. In the United States called scratch coat.
Brande & C.
Prickle
Pric"kle (?), n. [AS. pricele, pricle; akin to LG. prickel, D.
prikkel. See Prick, n.]
1. A little prick; a small, sharp point; a fine, sharp process or
projection, as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a plant, etc.;
a spine. Bacon.
2. A kind of willow basket; -- a term still used in some branches of
trade. B. Jonson.
3. A sieve of filberts, -- about fifty pounds. [Eng.]
Prickle
Pric"kle, v. t. To prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp
points.
Felt a horror over me creep, Prickle skin, and catch my breath.
Tennyson.
Prickleback, Pricklefish
Pric"kle*back` (?), Pric"kle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The stickleback.
Prickliness
Prick"li*ness (?), n. [From Prickly.] The quality of being prickly, or
of having many prickles.
Prickling
Prick"ling (?), a. Prickly. [Obs.] Spenser.
Pricklouse
Prick"louse` (?), n. A tailor; -- so called in contempt. [Old slang]
L'Estrange.
Prickly
Prick"ly, a. Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with
prickles; as, a prickly shrub. Prickly ash (Bot.), a prickly shrub
(Xanthoxylum Americanum) with yellowish flowers appearing with the
leaves. All parts of the plant are pungent and aromatic. The southern
species is X. Carolinianum. Gray. -- Prickly heat (Med.), a
noncontagious cutaneous eruption of red pimples, attended with intense
itching and tingling of the parts affected. It is due to inflammation
of the sweat glands, and is often brought on by overheating the skin
in hot weather. -- Prickly pear (Bot.), a name given to several plants
of the cactaceous genus Opuntia, American plants consisting of fleshy,
leafless, usually flattened, and often prickly joints inserted upon
each other. The sessile flowers have many petals and numerous stamens.
The edible fruit is a large pear-shaped berry containing many flattish
seeds. The common species of the Northern Atlantic States is Opuntia
vulgaris. In the South and West are many others, and in tropical
America more than a hundred more. O. vulgaris, O. Ficus-Indica, and O.
Tuna are abundantly introduced in the Mediterranean region, and O.
Dillenii has become common in India. -- Prickly pole (Bot.), a West
Indian palm (Bactris Plumierana), the slender trunk of which bears
many rings of long black prickles. -- Prickly withe (Bot.), a West
Indian cactaceous plant (Cereus triangularis) having prickly, slender,
climbing, triangular stems. -- Prickly rat (Zo\'94l.), any one of
several species of South American burrowing rodents belonging to
Ctenomys and allied genera. The hair is usually intermingled with
sharp spines.
Prickmadam
Prick"mad`am (?), n. [F. trique-madame. Cf. Tripmadam.] (Bot.) A name
given to several species of stonecrop, used as ingredients of
vermifuge medicines. See Stonecrop.
Prickpunch
Prick"punch` (?), n. A pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal.
Prickshaft
Prick"shaft` (?), n. An arrow. [Obs.]
Pricksong
Prick"song` (?; 115), n. [See Prick, v. t., 4.] Music written, or
noted, with dots or points; -- so called from the points or dots with
which it is noted down. [Obs.]
He fights as you sing pricksong. Shak.
Prickwood
Prick"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub (Euonymus Europ\'91us); -- so named
from the use of its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. Called
also spindle tree.
Pricky
Prick"y (?), a. Stiff and sharp; prickly. Holland.
Pride
Pride (?), n. [Cf. AS. lamprede, LL. lampreda, E. lamprey.] (Zo\'94l.)
A small European lamprey (Petromyzon branchialis); -- called also
prid, and sandpiper.
Pride
Pride, n. [AS. pr&ymac;te; akin to Icel. pr&ymac;&edh;i honor,
ornament, pr to adorn, Dan. pryde, Sw. pryda; cf. W. prydus comely.
See Proud.]
1. The quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an
unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty,
wealth, rank, etc., which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance,
reserve, and often in contempt of others.
Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Dan. iv. 37.
Pride that dines on vanity sups on contempt. Franklin.
2. A sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or
unworthy of one; lofty self-respect; noble self-esteem; elevation of
character; dignified bearing; proud delight; -- in a good sense.
Thus to relieve the wretched was his pride. Goldsmith.
A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements of remote
ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with
pride by remote descendants. Macaulay.
3. Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance
of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation;
disdain.
Let not the foot of pride come against me. Ps. xxxvi. 11.
That hardly we escaped the pride of France. Shak.
4. That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or
self-gratulation; the occasion or ground of self-esteem, or of
arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble
character, children, etc.
Lofty trees yclad with summer's pride. Spenser.
I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. Zech. ix. 6.
A bold peasantry, their country's pride. Goldsmith.
5. Show; ostentation; glory.
Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war. Shak.
6. Highest pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; as, to
be in the pride of one's life.
A falcon, towering in her pride of place. Shak.
7. Consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle;
wantonness; hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual
appetite in a female beast. [Obs.]
Pride of India, OR Pride of China. (Bot.) See Margosa. -- Pride of the
desert (Zo\'94l.), the camel. Syn. -- Self-exaltation; conceit;
hauteur; haughtiness; lordliness; loftiness. -- Pride, Vanity. Pride
is a high or an excessive esteem of one's self for some real or
imagined superiority, as rank, wealth, talents, character, etc. Vanity
is the love of being admired, praised, exalted, etc., by others.
Vanity is an ostentation of pride; but one may have great pride
without displaying it. Vanity, which is etymologically "emptiness," is
applied especially to the exhibition of pride in superficialities, as
beauty, dress, wealth, etc.
Pride
Pride, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prided; p. pr. & vb. n. Priding.] To
indulge in pride, or self-esteem; to rate highly; to plume; -- used
reflexively. Bp. Hall.
Pluming and priding himself in all his services. South.
Pride
Pride, v. i. To be proud; to glory. [R.]
Prideful
Pride"ful (?), a. Full of pride; haughty. Tennyson. -- Pride"ful*ly,
adv. -- Pride"ful-ness, n.
Prideless
Pride"less, a. Without pride. Chaucer.
Pridian
Prid"i*an (?), a. [L. pridianus.] Of or pertaining to the day before,
or yesterday. [R.] Thackeray.
Pridingly
Prid"ing*ly (?), adv. Proudly. [Obs.]
Prie
Prie (?), n. (Bot.) The plant privet. [Obs.] Tusser.
Prie
Prie, v. i. To pry. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pried
Pried (?), imp. & p. p. of Pry.
Priedieu
Prie`dieu" (?), n. [F., literally, pray God.] A kneeling desk for
prayers.
Prief
Prief (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Spenser. Lydgate.
Prier
Pri"er (?), n. [From Pry.] One who pries; one who inquires narrowly
and searches, or is inquisitive.
So pragmatical a prier he is into divine secrets. Fuller.
Priest
Priest (?), n. [OE. prest, preost, AS. pre\'a2st, fr. L. presbyter,
Gr. pristinus. Cf. Pristine, Presbyter.]
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Page 1137
1. (Christian Church) A presbyter elder; a minister; specifically: (a)
(R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) One who is authorized to consecrate the host and
to say Mass; but especially, one of the lowest order possessing this
power. Murdock. (b) (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) A presbyter; one
who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. He is
authorized to perform all ministerial services except those of
ordination and confirmation.
2. One who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of
sacrifice; one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or
the gods in any form of religion; as, Buddhist priests. "The priests
of Dagon." 1 Sam. v. 5.
Then the priest of Jupiter . . . brought oxen and garlands . . .
and would have done sacrifice with the people. Acts xiv. 13.
Every priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things
pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for
sins. Heb. v. 1.
NOTE: &hand; In th e Ne w Te stament pr esbyters ar e no t ca lled
priests; but Christ is designated as a priest, and as a high
priest, and all Christians are designated priests.
Priest
Priest (?), v. t. To ordain as priest.
Priestcap
Priest"cap` (?), n. (Fort.) A form of redan, so named from its
shape; -- called also swallowtail.
Priestcraft
Priest"craft` (?), n. Priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood;
esp., in an ill sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns;
management by priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the
religious motives or credulity of others.
It is better that men should be governed by priestcraft than by
violence. Macaulay.
Priestery
Priest"er*y (?), n. Priests, collectively; the priesthood; -- so
called in contempt. [R.] Milton.
Priestess
Priest"ess, n. A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans.
Abp. Potter.
Priesthood
Priest"hood (?), n.
1. The office or character of a priest; the priestly function. Bk.
of Com. Prayer.
2. Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for
sacred offices; the order of priests.
Priesting
Priest"ing, n. The office of a priest. [Obs.] Milton.
Priestism
Priest"ism (?), n. The influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of
priests or the priesthood. [R.]
Priestless
Priest"less, a. Without a priest. Pope.
Priestlike
Priest"like` (?), a. Priestly. B. Jonson.
Priestliness
Priest"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being priestly. R.
Browning.
Priestly
Priest"ly, a. Of or pertaining to a priest or the priesthood;
sacerdotal; befitting or becoming a priest; as, the priestly
office; a priestly farewell. Shak.
Priest-ridden
Priest"-rid`den (?), a. Controlled or oppressed by priests; as, a
priest-ridden people. Swift.
Prieve
Prieve (?), v. t. To prove. [Obs. or Scot.]
Prig
Prig (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prigging
(?).] [A modification of prick.] To haggle about the price of a
commodity; to bargain hard. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Prig
Prig, v. t.
1. To cheapen. [Scot.]
2. [Perhaps orig., to ride off with. See Prick, v. t.] To filch or
steal; as, to prig a handkerchief. [Cant]
Prig
Prig, n.
1. A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.
The queer prig of a doctor. Macaulay.
2. A thief; a filcher. [Cant] Shak.
Priggery
Prig"ger*y (?), n. Priggism.
Priggish
Prig"gish (?), a. Like a prig; conceited; pragmatical. --
Prig"gish*ly, adv. -- Prig"gish-ness, n.
Priggism
Prig"gism (?), n.
1. The quality or state of being priggish; the manners of a prig.
Ed. Rev.
2. Roguery; thievery. [Obs.] Fielding.
Prighte
Prigh"te (?), obs. imp. of Prick. Chaucer.
Prill
Prill (?), n. [Cf. Brill.] (Zo\'94l.) The brill.
Prill
Prill, v. i. To flow. [Obs.] Stow.
Prill
Prill, n. A stream. [Obs.] Davies (Microcosmos).
Prill
Prill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. (Mining) (a) A nugget of virgin metal. (b) Ore selected for
excellence.
2. The button of metal from an assay.
Prillion
Pril"lion (?), n. Tin extracted from the slag.
Prim
Prim (?), n. [See Privet.] (Bot) The privet.
Prim
Prim, a. [OF. prim, prin, prime, first, principal. sharp, thin,
piercing, fr. L. primus first. See Prime, a.] Formal; precise;
affectedly neat or nice; as, prim regularity; a prim person. Swift.
Prim
Prim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Primming.]
To deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected preciseness; to
prink.
Prim
Prim, v. i. To dress or act smartly. [R.]
Primacy
Pri"ma*cy (?), n. [LL. primatia, fr. L. primas, -atis, one of the
first or principal, chief, fr. primus first: cf. F. primatie. See
Prime, a.]
1. The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time,
place, rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy. [R.] De Quincey.
2. The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief
ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office
or dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of England.
Prima donna
Pri"ma don"na (?); pl. E. Prima donnas (#), It. Prime (#) Donne
(#). [It., fr. primo, prima, the first + donna lady, mistress. See
Prime, a., and Donna.] The first or chief female singer in an
opera.
Prima facie
Pri"ma fa"ci*e (?). [L., from abl. of primus first + abl. of facies
appearance.] At first view; on the first appearance.
Prima facie evidence (of a fact) (Law), evidence which is sufficient
to establish the fact unless rebutted. Bouvier.
Primage
Pri"mage (?; 48), n. [F.] (Com.) A charge in addition to the freight;
originally, a gratuity to the captain for his particular care of the
goods (sometimes called hat money), but now belonging to the owners or
freighters of the vessel, unless by special agreement the whole or
part is assigned to the captain. Homans.
Primal
Pri"mal (?), a. [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime, a.]
First; primary; original; chief.
It hath the primal eldest curse upon it. Shak.
The primal duties shine aloft like stars. Wordsworth.
Primality
Pri*mal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being primal. [Obs.]
Primarily
Pri"ma*ri*ly (?), adv. In a primary manner; in the first place; in the
first place; in the first intention; originally.
Primariness
Pri"ma*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being primary, or first in
time, in act, or in intention. Norris.
Primary
Pri"ma*ry (?), a. [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F. primaire.
See Prime, a., and cf. Premier, Primero.]
1. First in order of time or development or in intention; primitive;
fundamental; original.
The church of Christ, in its primary institution. Bp. Pearson.
These I call original, or primary, qualities of body. Locke.
2. First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as,
primary assemblies; primary schools.
3. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary
planets; a matter of primary importance.
4. (Geol.) Earliest formed; fundamental.
5. (Chem.) Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality
or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of
substitution or replacement.
Primary alcohol (Organic Chem.), any alcohol which possess the group
CH2.OH, and can be oxidized so as to form a corresponding aldehyde and
acid having the same number of carbon atoms; -- distinguished from
secondary AND tertiary alcohols. -- Primary amine (Chem.), an amine
containing the amido group, or a derivative of ammonia in which only
one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; --
distinguished from secondary AND tertiary amines. -- Primary
amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury performed as soon as the
shock due to the injury has passed away, and before symptoms of
inflammation supervene. -- Primary axis (Bot.), the main stalk which
bears a whole cluster of flowers. -- Primary colors. See under Color.
-- Primary meeting, a meeting of citizens at which the first steps are
taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc. See Caucus. --
Primary pinna (Bot.), one of those portions of a compound leaf or
frond which branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem, whether
simple or compounded. -- Primary planets. (Astron.) See the Note under
Planet. -- Primary qualities of bodies, such are essential to and
inseparable from them. -- Primary quills (Zo\'94l.), the largest
feathers of the wing of a bird; primaries. -- Primary rocks (Geol.), a
term early used for rocks supposed to have been first formed, being
crystalline and containing no organic remains, as granite, gneiss,
etc.; -- called also primitive rocks. The terms Secondary, Tertiary,
and Quaternary rocks have also been used in like manner, but of these
the last two only are now in use. -- Primary salt (Chem.), a salt
derived from a polybasic acid in which only one acid hydrogen atom has
been replaced by a base or basic radical. -- Primary syphilis (Med.),
the initial stage of syphilis, including the period from the
development of the original lesion or chancre to the first
manifestation of symptoms indicative of general constitutional
infection. -- Primary union (Surg.), union without suppuration; union
by the first intention.
Primary
Pri"ma*ry, n.; pl. Primaries (.
1. That which stands first in order, rank, or importance; a chief
matter.
2. A primary meeting; a caucus.
3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a
bird's wing. See Plumage, and Illust. of Bird.
4. (Astron.) A primary planet; the brighter component of a double
star. See under Planet.
Primate
Pri"mate (?), n. [OE. primat, F. primat, L. primas, -atis one of the
first, chief, fr. primus the first. See Prime, a.]
1. The chief ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over
other bishops in a province; an archbishop.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Primates.
Primates
Pri*ma"tes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The highest order of mammals.
It includes man, together with the apes and monkeys. Cf. Pitheci.
Primateship
Pri"mate*ship (?), n. The office, dignity, or position of a primate;
primacy.
Primatial
Pri*ma"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. primatial.] Primatical. [R.] D'Anville
(Trans. ).
Primatical
Pri*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a primate. Barrow.
Prime
Prime (?), a. [F., fr. L. primus first, a superl. corresponding to the
compar. prior former. See Prior, a., Foremost, Former, and cf. Prim,
a., Primary, Prince.]
1. First in order of time; original; primeval; primitive; primary.
"Prime forests." Tennyson.
She was not the prime cause, but I myself. Milton.
NOTE: &hand; In th is se nse th e wo rd is ne arly su perseded by
primitive, except in the phrase prime cost.
2. First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as, prime
minister. "Prime virtues." Dryden.
3. First in excellence; of highest quality; as, prime wheat; a prime
quality of cloth.
4. Early; blooming; being in the first stage. [Poetic]
His starry helm, unbuckled, showed him prime In manhood where youth
ended. Milton.
5. Lecherous; lustful; lewd. [Obs.] Shak.
6. Marked or distinguished by a mark (\'b7) called a prime mark.<--
same mark used for weak accent, and minutes of a degree -->
Prime and ultimate ratio. (Math.). See Ultimate. -- Prime conductor.
(Elec.) See under Conductor. -- Prime factor (Arith.), a factor which
is a prime number. -- Prime figure (Geom.), a figure which can not be
divided into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle,
a pyramid, etc. -- Prime meridian (Astron.), the meridian from which
longitude is reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington. --
Prime minister, the responsible head of a ministry or executive
government; applied particularly to that of England. -- Prime mover.
(Mech.) (a) A natural agency applied by man to the production of
power. Especially: Muscular force; the weight and motion of fluids, as
water and air; heat obtained by chemical combination, and applied to
produce changes in the volume and pressure of steam, air, or other
fluids; and electricity, obtained by chemical action, and applied to
produce alternation of magnetic force. (b) An engine, or machine, the
object of which is to receive and modify force and motion as supplied
by some natural source, and apply them to drive other machines; as a
water wheel, a water-pressure engine, a steam engine, a hot-air
engine, etc. (c) Fig.: The original or the most effective force in any
undertaking or work; as, Clarkson was the prime mover in English
antislavery agitation. -- Prime number (Arith.), a number which is
exactly divisible by no number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11. --
Prime vertical (Astron.), the vertical circle which passes through the
east and west points of the horizon. -- Prime-vertical dial, a dial in
which the shadow is projected on the plane of the prime vertical. --
Prime-vertical transit instrument, a transit instrument the telescope
of which revolves in the plane of the prime vertical, -- used for
observing the transit of stars over this circle.
Prime
Prime (?), n.
1. The first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or opening, as of
the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring. Chaucer.
In the very prime of the world. Hooker.
Hope waits upon the flowery prime. Waller.
2. The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or beauty;
perfection. "Cut off in their prime." Eustace. "The prime of youth."
Dryden.
3. That which is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the
best part.
Give him always of the prime. Swift.
4. [F. prime, LL. prima (sc. hora). See Prime, a.] The morning;
specifically (R. C. Ch.), the first canonical hour, succeeding to
lauds.
Early and late it rung, at evening and at prime. Spenser.
NOTE: &hand; Or iginally, pr ime de noted th e first quarter of the
artificial day, reckoned from 6 a. m. to 6 p. m. Afterwards, it
denoted the end of the first quarter, that is, 9 a. a.
Specifically, it denoted the first canonical hour, as now. Chaucer
uses it in all these senses, and also in the sense of def. 1,
above.
They sleep till that it was pryme large. Chaucer.
5. (Fencing) The first of the chief guards.
6. (Chem.) Any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of
any particular element; -- so called because these numbers were
respectively reduced to their lowest relative terms on the fixed
standard of hydrogen as 1. [Obs. or Archaic]
7. (Arith.) A prime number. See under Prime, a.
8. An inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system; --
denoted by [\'b7]. See 2d Inch, n., 1.
Prime of the moon, the new moon at its first appearance.
Prime
Prime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Priming.] [From
Prime, a.]
1. To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a primer to,
as a metallic cartridge.
2. To lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface),
as in painting; as, to prime a canvas, a wall.
3. To prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to
coach; as, to prime a witness; the boys are primed for mischief.
[Colloq.] Thackeray.
4. To trim or prune, as trees. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
5. (Math.) To mark with a prime mark.
To prime a pump, to charge a pump with water, in order to put it in
working condition.
Prime
Prime, v. i.
1. To be renewed, or as at first. [Obs.]
Night's bashful empress, though she often wane, As oft repeats her
darkness, primes again. Quarles
.
2. To serve as priming for the charge of a gun.
3. To work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which
causes water to become mixed with, and be carried along with, the
steam that is formed; -- said of a steam boiler.
Primely
Prime"ly, adv.
1. At first; primarily. [Obs.] South.
2. In a prime manner; excellently.
Primeness
Prime"ness, n.
1. The quality or state of being first.
2. The quality or state of being prime, or excellent.
Primer
Prim"er (?), n. One who, or that which, primes; specifically, an
instrument or device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water
containing percussion powder or other capable for igniting a charge of
gunpowder.
Primer
Prim"er, a. [OF. primer, primier, premier, F. premier. See Premier.]
First; original; primary. [Obs.] "The primer English kings." Drayton.
Primer fine (O. Eng. Law), a fine due to the king on the writ or
commencement of a suit by fine. Blackstone. -- Primer seizin (Feudal
Law), the right of the king, when a tenant in capite died seized of a
knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's
profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the
land was in reversion expectant on an estate for life; -- now
abolished. Blackstone.
Primer
Prim"er (?), n. [Originally, the book read at prime, the first
canonical hour. LL. primae liber. See Prime, n., 4.]
1. Originally, a small prayer book for church service, containing the
little office of the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary religious
instruction.
The primer, or office of the Blessed Virgin. Bp. Stillingfleet.
2. A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or
spelling book for a beginner.
As he sat in the school at his prymer. Chaucer.
3. (Print.) A kind of type, of which there are two species; one,
called long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small
pica [see Long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than
pica.
NOTE: Great primer type.
Primero
Pri*me"ro (?), n. [Sp. primera, fr. primero first, from L. primarius.
See Premier.] A game at cards, now unknown. Shak.
Primerole
Prim"er*ole (?), n. (Bot.) See Primrose. [Obs.] "She was a primerole."
Chaucer.
Primeval
Pri*me"val (?), a. [L. primaevus; primus first + aevum age. See Prime,
a., and Age.] Belonging to the first ages; pristine; original;
primitive; primary; as, the primeval innocence of man. "This is the
forest primeval." Longfellow.
From chaos, and primeval darkness, came Light. Keats.
Primevally
Pri*me"val*ly, adv. In a primeval manner; in or from the earliest
times; originally. Darwin.
Primevous
Pri*me"vous, a. Primeval. [Obs.]
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Primigenial
Pri`mi*ge"ni*al (?), a. First born, or first of all; original;
primary. See Primogenial.
Primigenious, Primigenous
Pri`mi*ge"ni*ous (?), Pri*mig"e*nous (?), a. [L. primigenus,
primigenius. See Primogeniture.] First formed or generated; original;
primigenial. Bp. Hall.
Primine
Pri"mine (?), n. [L. primus first: cf. F. primine.] (Bot.) The
outermost of the two integuments of an ovule.
NOTE: &hand; Th is word has been used by some writers to denote the
inner integument, which is formed earlier than the outer. Cf.
Secundine.
Priming
Prim"ing (?), n.
1. The powder or other combustible used to communicate fire to a
charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.
2. (Paint.) The first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on
canvas, or on a building, or other surface.
3. (Steam Eng.) The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the
boiler, as into the cylinder.
Priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag. -- Priming
tube, a small pipe, filled with a combustible composition for firing
cannon. -- Priming valve (Steam Eng.), a spring safety valve applied
to the cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into
the cylinder by priming. -- Priming wire, a pointed wire used to
penetrate the vent of a piece, for piercing the cartridge before
priming.
Primipara
Pri*mip"a*ra (?), n. [L., fr. primus first + parere to bring forth.]
(Med.) A woman who bears a child for the first time.
Primiparous
Pri*mip"a*rous (?), a. [See Primipara.] Belonging to a first birth;
bearing young for the first time.
Primipilar
Pri*mip"i*lar (?), a. [L. primipilaris, fr. primipilus the centurion
of the first cohort of a Roman legion, fr. primus pilus the division
made up of the triarii in the Roman army.] Of or pertaining to the
captain of the vanguard of a Roman army. Barrow.
Primitia
Pri*mi"ti*a (?), n.; pl. Primiti\'91 (#) (Primitias (#), obs.). [L.
primitiae, pl., fr. primus first. Cf. Premices.] (Eng. Law) The first
fruit; the first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment.
The primitias of your parsonage. Spenser.
Primitial
Pri*mi"tial (?), a. Being of the first production; primitive;
original. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
Primitive
Prim"i*tive (?), a. [L. primitivus, fr. primus the first: cf. F.
primitif. See Prime, a.]
1. Of or pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times;
original; primordial; primeval; first; as, primitive innocence; the
primitive church. "Our primitive great sire." Milton.
2. Of or pertaining to a former time; old-fashioned; characterized by
simplicity; as, a primitive style of dress.
3. Original; primary; radical; not derived; as, primitive verb in
grammar.
Primitive axes of co\'94rdinate (Geom.), that system of axes to which
the points of a magnitude are first referred, with reference to a
second set or system, to which they are afterward referred. --
Primitive chord (Mus.), that chord, the lowest note of which is of the
same literal denomination as the fundamental base of the harmony; --
opposed to derivative. Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Primitive circle
(Spherical Projection), the circle cut from the sphere to be
projected, by the primitive plane. -- Primitive colors (Paint.),
primary colors. See under Color. -- Primitive Fathers (Eccl.), the
acknowledged Christian writers who flourished before the Council of
Nice, A. D. 325. Shipley. -- Primitive groove (Anat.), a depression or
groove in the epiblast of the primitive streak. It is not connected
with the medullary groove, which appears later and in front of it. --
Primitive plane (Spherical Projection), the plane upon which the
projections are made, generally coinciding with some principal circle
of the sphere, as the equator or a meridian. -- Primitive rocks
(Geol.), primary rocks. See under Primary. -- Primitive sheath.
(Anat.) See Neurilemma. -- Primitive streak OR trace (Anat.), an
opaque and thickened band where the mesoblast first appears in the
vertebrate blastoderm. Syn. -- First; original; radical; pristine;
ancient; primeval; antiquated; old-fashioned.
Primitive
Prim"i*tive, n. An original or primary word; a word not derived from
another; -- opposed to derivative.
Primitively
Prim"i*tive*ly, adv.
1. Originally; at first.
2. Primarily; not derivatively.
3. According to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient
style. South.
Primitiveness
Prim"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being primitive;
conformity to primitive style or practice.
Primity
Prim"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being first; primitiveness. [Obs.] Bp.
Pearson.
Primly
Prim"ly, adv. In a prim or precise manner.
Primness
Prim"ness, n. The quality or state of being prim; affected formality
or niceness; preciseness; stiffness.
Primo
Pri"mo (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) First; chief.
Primogenial
Pri`mo*ge"ni*al (?), a. [See Primigenial.] First born, made, or
generated; original; primary; elemental; as, primogenial light.
Glanvill.
Primogenitive
Pri`mo*gen"i*tive (?), a. [See Primogeniture.] Of or pertaining to
primogeniture. [R.]
Primogenitive
Pri`mo*gen"i*tive, n. Primogeniture. [Obs.]
The primogenitive and due of birth. Shak.
Primogenitor
Pri`mo*gen"i*tor (?), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitor a
begetter.] The first ancestor; a forefather.
Primogeniture
Pri`mo*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitura a
begetting, birth, generation, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F.
primog\'82niture, L. primogenitus firstborn. See Prime, a., and Genus,
Kin.]
1. The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by
birth among children of the same family.
2. (Eng. Law) The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the
eldest son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the
father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest
son of the sovereign is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. In
exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by
right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her issue.
Blackstone.
Primogenitureship
Pri`mo*gen"i*ture*ship (?), n. The state or privileges of the
firstborn. Burke.
Primordial
Pri*mor"di*al (?), a. [L. primordialis, from primordium the first
beginning; primus first + ordiri to begin a web, to begin: cf. F.
primordial.]
1. First in order; primary; original; of earliest origin; as,
primordial condition. "The primordial facts of our intelligent
nature." Sir W. Hamilton.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age,
corresponding to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology.
It is called also Cambrian, and by many geologists is separated from
the Silurian.
3. (Biol.) Originally or earliest formed in the growth of an
individual or organ; as, a primordial leaf; a primordial cell.
Primordial utricle (Bot.), the interior lining of a young vegetable
cell.
Primordial
Pri*mor"di*al, n. A first principle or element.
Primordialism
Pri*mor"di*al*ism (?), n. Devotion to, or persistence in, conditions
of the primordial state. H. Spencer.
Primordially
Pri*mor"di*al*ly, adv. At the beginning; under the first order of
things; originally.
Primordian
Pri*mor"di*an (?), n. [L. primordius first of all, fr. primordium.]
(Bot.) A name given to several kinds of plums; as, red primordian,
amber primordian, etc.
Primordiate
Pri*mor"di*ate (?), a. Primordial. [R.] Boyle.
Primp
Primp (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. Prim, a.] To be formal or affected in dress
or manners; -- often with up. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.
Primrose
Prim"rose` (?), n. [OE. primerole, F. primerole, a derivative fr. LL.
primula, from L. primus first. See Prime, a.] (Bot.) (a) An early
flowering plant of the genus Primula (P. vulgaris) closely allied to
the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the white-, the red-, the
yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly called also primerole, primerolles. (b)
Any plant of the genus Primula. Evening primrose, an erect biennial
herb (Enothera biennis), with yellow vespertine flowers, common in the
United States. The name is sometimes extended to other species of the
same genus. -- Primrose peerless, the two-flowered Narcissus (N.
biflorus). [Obs.]
Primrose
Prim"rose`, a. Of or pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a
primrose; -- hence, flowery; gay. "The primrose path of dalliance."
Shak.
Primula
Prim"u*la (?), n. [LL. See Primrose.] (Bot.) The genus of plants
including the primrose (Primula vera).
Primulaceous
Prim`u*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of
herbaceous plants (Primulace\'91), of which the primrose is the type,
and the pimpernel, the cyclamen, and the water violet are other
examples.
Primum mobile
Pri"mum mob"i*le (?). [L., first cause of motion.] (Astron.) In the
Ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving concentric spheres
constituting the universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry
with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets in a daily
revolution from east to west. See Crystalline heavens, under
Crystalline.
The motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be, as
the motions of the planets, under primum mobile. Bacon.
Primus
Pri"mus (?), n. [L., the first.] One of the bishops of the Episcopal
Church of Scotland, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and
has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority. Internat. Cyc.
Primy
Prim"y (?), a. [From Prime, a.] Being in its prime. [Obs.] "The youth
of primy nature." Shak.
Prince
Prince (?), n. [F., from L. princeps, -cipis, the first, chief; primus
first + capere to take. See Prime, a., and Capacious.]
1. The one of highest rank; one holding the highest place and
authority; a sovereign; a monarch; -- originally applied to either
sex, but now rarely applied to a female. Wyclif (Rev. i. 5).
Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince. Milton.
Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her sex. Camden.
2. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as,
princes of the blood. Shak.
3. A title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different
countries. In England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but
is given to members of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is
inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in
Spain he is always one of the royal family.
4. The chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or
profession; one who is pre\'89minent; as, a merchant prince; a prince
of players. "The prince of learning." Peacham.
Prince-Albert coat, a long double-breasted frock coat for men. --
Prince of the blood, Prince consort, Prince of darkness. See under
Blood, Consort, and Darkness. -- Prince of Wales, the oldest son of
the English sovereign. -- Prince's feather (Bot.), a name given to two
annual herbs (Amarantus caudatus and Polygonum orientale), with
apetalous reddish flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes.
-- Prince's metal, Prince Rupert's metal. See under Metal. Prince's
pine. (Bot.) See Pipsissewa.
Prince
Prince, v. i. To play the prince. [R.] Shak.
Princedom
Prince"dom (?), n. The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a
prince.
Thrones, princedoms, powers, dominions, I reduce. Milton.
Princehood
Prince"hood (?), n. Princeliness. [Obs.] E. Hall.
Princekin
Prince"kin (?), n. A petty prince; a princeling.
The princekins of private life. Thackeray.
Princeless
Prince"less, a. Without a prince. Fuller.
Princelet
Prince"let (?), n. A petty prince. [R.]
Princelike
Prince"like` (?), a. Princely. Shak.
Princeliness
Prince"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being princely; the state,
manner, or dignity of a prince.
Princeling
Prince"ling (?), n. A petty prince; a young prince.
Princely
Prince"ly, a.
1. Of or relating to a prince; regal; royal; of highest rank or
authority; as, princely birth, character, fortune, etc.
2. Suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent;
magnificent; as, princely virtues; a princely fortune. "Most princely
gifts." Shak.
Princely
Prince"ly (?), adv. In a princely manner.
My appetite was not princely got. Shak.
Princess
Prin"cess (?), n. [F. princesse. See Prince, and cf. Princesse.]
1. A female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a
prince. Dryden.
So excellent a princess as the present queen. Swift.
2. The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family.
Shak.
3. The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales.
Princess royal, the eldest daughter of a sovereign.
Princesse
Prin*cesse" (?), a. [F., a princess.] A term applied to a lady's long,
close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one.
Princesslike
Prin"cess*like` (?), a. Like a princess.
Princewood
Prince"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The wood of two small tropical American
trees (Hamelia ventricosa, and Cordia gerascanthoides). It is
brownish, veined with lighter color.
Princified
Prin"ci*fied (?), a. [Prince + L. -ficare (in comp.).] Imitative of a
prince. [R. & Colloq.] Thackeray.
Principal
Prin"ci*pal (?), a. [F., from L. principalis. See Prince.]
1. Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most
considerable or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of
a Government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions
of a country; the principal arguments in a case.
Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov. iv. 7.
2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism] [Obs.]
Spenser.
Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis. -- Principal axes of
a quadric (Geom.), three lines in which the principal planes of the
solid intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal
challenge. (Law) See under Challenge. -- Principal plane. See Plane of
projection (a), under Plane. -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three
planes each of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects
all chords of the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an
ellipsoid. -- Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of
sight upon the plane of projection. -- Principal ray (Persp.), the
line drawn through the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective
plane. -- Principal section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the
optical axis of a crystal.
Principal
Prin"ci*pal, n.
1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts
independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the
principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; -- distinguished from
a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant.
2. Hence: (Law) (a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is
present at it, -- as distinguished from an accessory. (b) A chief
obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a surety. (c)
One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an
agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill.
3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or
especially conspicuous. Specifically: (a) (Com.) A capital sum of
money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so
called in distinction from interest or profit. (b) (Arch. & Engin.)
The construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, --
generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone
principals. Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of
framing. (c) (Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an
octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on
the pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English
open diapason. (d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e)
pl. The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H.
Walsh. (f) One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with
which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned.
Oxf. Gloss. (g) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle.
[Obs.]
Principality
Prin`ci*pal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Principalities (#). [L. principalitas
pre\'89minence, excellence: cf. F. principalit\'82, principaut\'82.
See Principal.]
1. Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance; high,
or the highest, station. Sir P. Sidney.
Your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory.
Jer. xiii. 18.
The prerogative and principality above everything else. Jer.
Taylor.
2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. "Next upstood Nisroch, of
principalities the prime." Milton.
3. The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which
gives title to a prince; as, the principality of Wales.
Principally
Prin"ci*pal*ly (?), adv. In a principal manner; primarily; above all;
chiefly; mainly.
Principalness
Prin"ci*pal*ness, n. The quality of being principal.
Principate
Prin"ci*pate (?), n. [L. principatus: cf. F. principat.] Principality;
supreme rule. [Obs.] Barrow.
Principia
Prin*cip"i*a (?), n. pl. [L. principium. See Principle.] First
principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as. Newton's Principia.
Principial
Prin*cip"i*al (?), a. Elementary. [Obs.] Bacon.
Principiant
Prin*cip"i*ant (?), a. [L. principians, p. pr. of principiare to
begin, fr. principium. See Principle.] Relating to principles or
beginnings. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
Principiate
Prin*cip"i*ate (?), v. t. [See Principiant.] To begin; to initiate.
[Obs.] Sir M. Hale.
Principiation
Prin*cip`i*a"tion (?), n. Analysis into primary or elemental parts.
[Archaic] Bacon.
Principle
Prin"ci*ple (?), n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation,
fr. princeps, -cipis. See Prince.]
1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.]
Doubting sad end of principle unsound. Spenser.
2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental
substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause.
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The soul of man is an active principle. Tillotson.
3. An original faculty or endowment.
Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. Chaucer.
Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the
communication either of enjoyment or suffering. Stewart.
4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which
others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth;
an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.
Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us
go on unto perfection. Heb. vi. 1.
A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a
bad. Milton.
5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or
belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior;
a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's
actions; as, a person of no principle.
All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest
principle of mind. Law.
6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a
substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually
be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant
extracts, etc.
Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. Gregory.
Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter,
Contradiction, etc.
Principle
Prin"ci*ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Principling (?).] To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in
certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct,
good or ill.
Governors should be well principled. L'Estrange.
Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired.
Locke.
Princock, Princox
Prin"cock (?), Prin"cox (?), n. [Prim + cock.] A coxcomb; a pert boy.
[Obs.]
Prink
Prink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prinking.]
[Probably a nasalized form of prick. See Prick, v. t., and cf. Prig,
Prank.] To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.
Prink
Prink, v. t. To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically. "And prink
their hair with daisies." Cowper.
Prinker
Prink"er (?), n. One who prinks.
Prinpriddle
Prin"prid`dle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The longtailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Print
Print (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Printed; p. pr. & vb. n. Printing.]
[Abbrev. fr. imprint. See Imprint, and Press to squeeze.]
1. To fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or
upon something.
A look will print a thought that never may remove. Surrey.
Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint, Which in that field young
Edward's sword did print. Sir John Beaumont.
Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay. Roscommon.
2. To stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon
by pressure, or as by pressure.
Forth on his fiery steed betimes he rode, That scarcely prints the
turf on which he trod. Dryden.
3. Specifically: To strike off an impression or impressions of, from
type, or from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the
like; in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a
book or other publication); as, to print books, newspapers, pictures;
to print an edition of a book.
4. To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to print
calico.
5. (Photog.) To take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a
negative, a transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light
upon a sensitized surface.
Printed goods, textile fabrics printed in patterns, especially cotton
cloths, or calicoes.
Print
Print, v. i.
1. To use or practice the art of typography; to take impressions of
letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or the like.
2. To publish a book or an article.
From the moment he prints, he must except to hear no more truth.
Pope.
Print
Print, n. [See Print, v., Imprint, n.]
1. A mark made by impression; a line, character, figure, or
indentation, made by the pressure of one thing on another; as, the
print of teeth or nails in flesh; the print of the foot in sand or
snow.
Where print of human feet was never seen. Dryden.
2. A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon
an object; as, a butter print.
3. That which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a
print of butter.
4. Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence,
form, size, etc.; as, small print; large print; this line is in print.
5. That which is produced by printing. Specifically: (a) An impression
taken from anything, as from an engraved plate. "The prints which we
see of antiquities." Dryden. (b) A printed publication, more
especially a newspaper or other periodical. Addison. (c) A printed
cloth; a fabric figured by stamping, especially calico or cotton
cloth. (d) A photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared
paper, as from a negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.
6. (Founding) A core print. See under Core.
Blue print, a copy in white lines on a blue ground, of a drawing,
plan, tracing, etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a
negative, produced by photographic printing on peculiarly prepared
paper.<-- also blueprint. Long used for reproduction of architectural
drawings, now also applied to an architectural plan of any color, and
thus (Fig.) a plan, or outline of a plan of action; as, blueprint for
action --> -- In print. (a) In a printed form; issued from the press;
published. Shak. (b) To the letter; with accurateness. "All this I
speak in print." Shak. -- Out of print. See under Out. -- Print works,
a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed.
Printa-ble
Print"a-ble (?), a. Worthy to be published. [R.]
Printer
Print"er (?), n. One who prints; especially, one who prints books,
newspapers, engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman.
Printer's devil, Printer's gauge. See under Devil, and Gauge. --
Printer's ink. See Printing ink, below.
Printery
Print"er*y (?), n. A place where cloth is printed; print works; also,
a printing office. [R.]
Printing
Print"ing, n. The act, art, or practice of impressing letters,
characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the
business of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their
adjuncts; typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints.
Block printing. See under Block. -- Printing frame (Photog.), a
shallow box, usually having a glass front, in which prints are made by
exposure to light. -- Printing house, a printing office. -- Printing
ink, ink used in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is composed of
lampblack or ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil, made thick
by boiling and burning. Other ingredients are employed for the finer
qualities. Ure. -- Printing office, a place where books, pamphlets, or
newspapers, etc., are printed. -- Printing paper, paper used in the
printing of books, pamphlets, newspapers, and the like, as
distinguished from writing paper, wrapping paper, etc. -- Printing
press, a press for printing, books, newspaper, handbills, etc. --
Printing wheel, a wheel with letters or figures on its periphery, used
in machines for paging or numbering, or in ticket-printing machines,
typewriters, etc.; a type wheel.
Printless
Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.
Printless
Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.
Printshop
Print"shop`, n. A shop where prints are sold.
Prior
Pri"or (?), a. [L. prior former, previous, better, superior; compar.
corresponding to primus first, and pro for. See Former, and cf. Prime,
a., and Pre-, Pro-.] Preceding in the order of time; former;
antecedent; anterior; previous; as, a prior discovery; prior
obligation; -- used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived
alone [in the time] prior to his marriage.
Prior
Pri"or, n. [OE. priour, OF. priour, prior, priur, F. prieur, from L.
prior former, superior. See Prior, a.] (Eccl.) The superior of a
priory, and next below an abbot in dignity. Conventical, OR
Conventual, prior, a prior who is at the head of his own house. See
the Note under Priory. -- Claustral prior, an official next in rank to
the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters.
Priorate
Pri"or*ate (?), n. [LL. prioratus: cf. F. priorat.] The dignity,
office, or government, of a prior. T. Warton.
Prioress
Pri"or*ess, n. [OF. prioresse.] A lady superior of a priory of nuns,
and next in dignity to an abbess.
Priority
Pri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. priorit\'82. See Prior, a.]
1. The quality or state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of
preceding something else; as, priority of application.
2. Precedence; superior rank. Shak.
Priority of debts, a superior claim to payment, or a claim to payment
before others. Syn. -- Antecedence; precedence; pre\'89minence.
Priorly
Pri"or*ly (?), adv. Previously. [R.] Geddes.
Priorship
Pri"or*ship, n. The state or office of prior; priorate.
Priory
Pri"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Priories (#). [Cf. LL. prioria. See Prior, n.] A
religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; -- sometimes an
offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also cell, and
obedience. See Cell, 2.
NOTE: &hand; Of su ch ho uses th ere were two sorts: one where the
prior was chosen by the inmates, and governed as independently as
an abbot in an abbey; the other where the priory was subordinate to
an abbey, and the prior was placed or displaced at the will of the
abbot.
Alien priory, a small religious house dependent on a large monastery
in some other country. Syn. -- See Cloister.
Pris
Pris (?), n. See Price, and 1st Prize. [Obs.]
Prisage
Pris"age (?; 48), n. [OF. prisage a praising, valuing, taxing; cf. LL.
prisagium prisage; or from F. prise a taking, capture, prize. See
Prize.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A right belonging to the crown of England,
of taking two tuns of wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or
more, -- one before and one behind the mast. By charter of Edward I.
butlerage was substituted for this. Blackstone. (b) The share of
merchandise taken as lawful prize at sea which belongs to the king or
admiral.
Priscillianist
Pris*cil"lian*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Priscillian,
bishop of Avila in Spain, in the fourth century, who mixed various
elements of Gnosticism and Manicheism with Christianity.
Prise
Prise (?), n. An enterprise. [Obs.] Spenser.
Prise
Prise, n. & v. See Prize, n., 5. Also Prize, v. t.
Priser
Pris"er (?), n. See 1st Prizer. [Obs.]
Prism
Prism (?), n. [L. prisma, Gr. prisme.]
1. (Geom.) A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and
parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.
NOTE: &hand; Pr isms of di fferent fo rms are often named from the
figure of their bases; as, a triangular prism, a quadrangular
prism, a rhombic prism, etc.
2. (Opt.) A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane
faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases;
-- used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc.
3. (Crystallog.) A form the planes of which are parallel to the
vertical axis. See Form, n., 13.
Achromatic prism (Opt.), a prism composed usually of two prisms of
different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers,
as two different kinds of glass, especially flint glass and crown
glass, the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving
them different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as
to have opposite relative positions, a ray of light passed through
them is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color.
-- Nicol's prism, Nicol prism. [So called from Wm. Nicol, of
Edinburgh, who first proposed it.] (Opt.) An instrument for
experiments in polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar,
which has been bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two
parts again joined with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image
produced by double refraction is thrown out of the field by total
reflection from the internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary,
or polarized, image alone is transmitted.
Prismatic, Prismatical
Pris*mat"ic (?), Pris*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prismatique.]
1. Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a prismatic form or
cleavage.
2. Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as,
prismatic colors.
3. (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic.
Prismatic borax (Chem.), borax crystallized in the form of oblique
prisms, with ten molecules of water; -- distinguished from octahedral
borax. -- Prismatic colors (Opt.), the seven colors into which light
is resolved when passed through a prism; primary colors. See Primary
colors, under Color. -- Prismatic compass (Surv.), a compass having a
prism for viewing a distant object and the compass card at the same
time. -- Prismatic spectrum (Opt.), the spectrum produced by the
passage of light through a prism.
Prismatically
Pris*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the form on manner of a prism; by means of
a prism.
Prismatoidal
Pris`ma*toid"al (?), a. [Gr. -oid: F. prismato\'8bde.] Having a
prismlike form. Ure.
Prismoid
Pris"moid (?), n. [Cf. F. prismto\'8bde.] A body that approaches to
the form of a prism.
Prismoidal
Pris*moid"al (?), a. Having the form of a prismoid; as, prismoidal
solids.
Prismy
Pris"my (?), a. Pertaining to a prism. [R.]
Prison
Pris"on (?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. prehensio, prensio, a seizing,
arresting, fr. prehendre, prendere, to lay hold of, to seize. See
Prehensile, and cf. Prize, n., Misprision.]
1. A place where persons are confined, or restrained of personal
liberty; hence, a place or state o
Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name. Ps. cxlii.
7.
The tyrant \'92olus, . . . With power imperial, curbs the
struggling winds, And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds.
Dryden.
2. Specifically, a building for the safe custody or confinement of
criminals and others committed by lawful authority.
Prison bars, OR Prison base. See Base, n., 24. -- Prison breach. (Law)
See Note under 3d Escape, n., 4. -- Prison house, a prison. Shak. --
Prison ship (Naut.), a ship fitted up for the confinement of
prisoners. -- Prison van, a carriage in which prisoners are conveyed
to and from prison.
Prison
Pris"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prisoning.]
1. To imprison; to shut up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to
restrain from liberty.
The prisoned eagle dies for rage. Sir W. Scott.
His true respect will prison false desire. Shak.
2. To bind (together); to enchain. [Obs.]
Sir William Crispyn with the duke was led Together prisoned. Robert
of Brunne.
Prisoner
Pris"on*er (?), n. [F. prisonnier.]
1. One who is confined in a prison. Piers Plowman.
2. A person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a
person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; as, a prisoner at the
bar of a court. Bouvier.
Prisoner of Hope thou art, -- look up and sing. Keble.
Prisoner's base. See Base, n., 24.
Prisonment
Pris"on*ment (?), n. Imprisonment. [Obs.] Shak.
Pristinate
Pris"tin*ate (?), a. Pristine; primitive. [Obs.] "Pristinate
idolatry." Holinshed.
Pristine
Pris"tine (?), a. [L. pristinus, akin to prior: cf. F. pristin. See
Prior, a.] Belonging to the earliest period or state; original;
primitive; primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine
manners of a people; pristine vigor.
Pritch
Pritch (?), n. [See Prick.]
1. A sharp-pointed instrument; also, an eelspear. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Pique; offense. [Obs.] D. Rogers.
Pritchel
Pritch"el (?), n. A tool employed by blacksmiths for punching or
enlarging the nail holes in a horseshoe.
Prithee
Prith"ee (?), interj. A corruption of pray thee; as, I prithee;
generally used without I.<-- = pray (interj.). See I pray, under pray,
v.i. --> Shak.
What was that scream for, I prithee? L'Estrange.
Prithee, tell me, Dimple-chin. E. C. Stedman.
Prittle-prattle
Prit"tle-prat`tle (?), n. [See Prattle.] Empty talk; trifling
loquacity; prattle; -- used in contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.] Abp.
Bramhall.
Privacy
Pri"va*cy (?), n.; pl. Privacies (#). [See Private.]
1. The state of being in retirement from the company or observation of
others; seclusion.
2. A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat;
solitude; retirement.
Her sacred privacies all open lie. Rowe.
3. Concealment of what is said or done. Shak.
4. A private matter; a secret. Fuller.
5. See Privity, 2. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.
Privado
Pri*va"do (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. privatus. See Private.] A private
friend; a confidential friend; a confidant. [Obs.] Fuller.
Private
Pri"vate (?; 48), a. [L. privatus apart from the state, peculiar to an
individual, private, properly p. p. of privare to bereave, deprive,
originally, to separate, fr. privus single, private, perhaps
originally, put forward (hence, alone, single) and akin to prae
before. See Prior, a., and cf. Deprive, Privy, a.]
1. Belonging to, or concerning, an individual person, company, or
interest; peculiar to one's self; unconnected with others; personal;
one's own; not public; not general; separate; as, a man's private
opinion; private property; a private purse; private expenses or
interests; a private secretary.
2. Sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an
individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a private room or
apartment; private prayer.
Reason . . . then retires Into her private cell when nature rests.
Milton.
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3. Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as,
a private citizen; private life. Shak.
A private person may arrest a felon. Blackstone.
4. Not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a private negotiation; a
private understanding.
5. Having secret or private knowledge; privy. [Obs.]
Private act OR statute, a statute exclusively for the settlement of
private and personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial
notice; -- opposed to a general law, which operates on the whole
community<-- also, private law vs. public law -->. -- Private nuisance
OR wrong. See Nuisance. -- Private soldier. See Private, n., 5. --
Private way, a right of private passage over another man's ground.<--
also, a road on private land, contrasted with public road. --> Kent.
Private
Pri"vate (?), n.
1. A secret message; a personal unofficial communication. [Obs.] Shak.
2. Personal interest; particular business.[Obs.]
Nor must I be unmindful of my private. B. Jonson.
3. Privacy; retirement. [Archaic] "Go off; I discard you; let me enjoy
my private." Shak.
4. One not invested with a public office. [Archaic]
What have kings, that privates have not too? Shak.
5. (Mil.) A common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a
noncommissioned officer. Macaulay.
6. pl. The private parts; the genitals.
In private, secretly; not openly or publicly.
Privateer
Pri`va*teer" (?) n. [From Private.]
1. An armed private vessel which bears the commission of the sovereign
power to cruise against the enemy. See Letters of marque, under
Marque.
2. The commander of a privateer.
Kidd soon threw off the character of a privateer and became a
pirate. Macaulay.
Privateer
Pri`va*teer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Privateered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Privateering.] To cruise in a privateer.
Privateering
Pri`va*teer"ing, n. Cruising in a privateer.
Privateersman
Pri`va*teers"man (?), n.; pl. Privateersmen (. An officer or seaman of
a privateer.
Privately
Pri"vate*ly (?), adv.
1. In a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others.
2. In a manner affecting an individual; personally not officially; as,
he is not privately benefited.
Privateness
Pri"vate*ness, n.
1. Seclusion from company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy.
Bacon.
2. The state of one not invested with public office.
Privation
Pri*va"tion (?) n. [L. privatio: cf. F. privation. See Private.]
1. The act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving of rank
or office; degradation in rank; deprivation. Bacon.
2. The state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially
of something required or desired; destitution; need; as, to undergo
severe privations.
3. The condition of being absent; absence; negation.
Evil will be known by consequence, as being only a privation, or
absence, of good. South.
Privation mere of light and absent day. Milton.
Privative
Priv"a*tive (?) a. [L. privativus: cf. F. privatif. See Private.]
1. Causing privation; depriving.
2. Consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative.
Privative blessings, blessings of immunity, safeguard, liberty, and
integrity. Jer. Taylor.
3. (Gram.) Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to
a word; as, alpha privative; privative particles; -- applied to such
prefixes and suffixes as a- (Gr. un-
, non-, -less.
Privative
Priv"a*tive, n.
1. That of which the essence is the absence of something.
Blackness and darkness are indeed but privatives. Bacon.
2. (Logic) A term indicating the absence of any quality which might be
naturally or rationally expected; -- called also privative term.
3. (Gram.) A privative prefix or suffix. See Privative, a., 3.
Privatively
Priv"a*tive*ly, adv. In a privative manner; by the absence of
something; negatively. [R.] Hammond.
Privativeness
Priv"a*tive*ness, n. The state of being privative.
Privet
Priv"et (?), n. [Cf. Scot. privie, Prov. E. prim-print, primwort.
Prob. for primet, and perh. named from being cut and trimmed. See,
Prim, a., and cf. Prime to prune, Prim, n., Prie, n.] (Bot.) An
ornamental European shrub (Ligustrum vulgare), much used in hedges; --
called also prim. Egyptian privet. See Lawsonia. -- Evergreen privet,
a plant of the genus Rhamnus. See Alatern. -- Mock privet, any one of
several evergreen shrubs of the genus Phillyrea. They are from the
Mediterranean region, and have been much cultivated for hedges and for
fancifully clipped shrubberies.<-- i.e., topiary plants -->
Privilege
Priv"i*lege (?), n. [F. privil\'8age, L. privilegium an ordinance or
law against or in favor of an individual; privus private + lex, legis,
law. See Private, and Legal.]
1. A peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not
enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption
from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise.
He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman. Kettlewell.
The privilege birthright was a double portion. Locke.
A people inheriting privileges, franchises, and liberties. Burke.
2. (Stockbroker's Cant) See Call, Put, Spread, etc.
Breach of privilege. See under Breach. -- Question of privilege
(Parliamentary practice), a question which concerns the security of a
member of a legislative body in his special privileges as such. --
Water privilege, the advantage of having machinery driven by a stream,
or a place affording such advantage. [ U. S.] -- Writ of privilege
(Law), a writ to deliver a privileged person from custody when
arrested in a civil suit. Blackstone. Syn. -- Prerogative; immunity;
franchise; right; claim; liberty. -- Privilege, Prerogative.
Privilege, among the Romans, was something conferred upon an
individual by a private law; and hence, it denotes some peculiar
benefit or advantage, some right or immunity, not enjoyed by the world
at large. Prerogative, among the Romans, was the right of voting
first; and, hence, it denotes a right of precedence, or of doing
certain acts, or enjoying certain privileges, to the exclusion of
others. It is the privilege of a member of Congress not to be called
in question elsewhere for words uttered in debate. It is the
prerogative of the president to nominate judges and executive
officers. It is the privilege of a Christian child to be instructed in
the true religion. It is the prerogative of a parent to govern and
direct his children.
Privilege
Priv"i*lege (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Privileged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Privileging.] [Cf. F. privil\'82gier.]
1. To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a
peculiar right or immunity; to authorize; as, to privilege
representatives from arrest.
To privilege dishonor in thy name. Shak.
2. To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from
evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.
He took this place for sanctuary, And it shall privilege him from
your hands. Shak.
Privileged
Priv"i*leged (?), a. Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar
right, advantage, or immunity. Privileged communication. (Law) (a) A
communication which can not be disclosed without the consent of the
party making it, -- such as those made by a client to his legal
adviser, or by persons to their religious or medical advisers. (b) A
communication which does not expose the party making it to indictment
for libel, -- such as those made by persons communicating
confidentially with a government, persons consulted confidentially as
to the character of servants, etc. -- Privileged debts (Law), those to
which a preference in payment is given out of the estate of a deceased
person, or out of the estate of an insolvent. Wharton. Burrill. --
Privileged witnesses (Law) witnesses who are not obliged to testify as
to certain things, as lawyers in relation to their dealings with their
clients, and officers of state as to state secrets; also, by statute,
clergymen and physicans are placed in the same category, so far as
concerns information received by them professionally.<-- also called
attorney-clinet privilege, doctor-patient privelege -->
Privily
Priv"i*ly, adv. In a privy manner; privately; secretly. Chaucer. 2
Pet. ii. 1.
Privity
Priv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Privities (-t&icr;z). [From Privy, a.: cf. F.
privaut\'82 extreme familiarity.]
1. Privacy; secrecy; confidence. Chaucer.
I will unto you, in privity, discover . . . my purpose. Spenser.
2. Private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private
concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence.
All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without the
privity of the Prince of Orange. Swift.
3. A private matter or business; a secret. Chaucer.
4. pl. The genitals; the privates.
5. (Law) A connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some
particular transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same
rights of property.
Privy
Priv"y (?), a. [F. priv\'82, fr. L. privatus. See Private.]
1. Of or pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private
uses; not public; private; as, the privy purse. " Privee knights and
squires." Chaucer.
2. Secret; clandestine. " A privee thief." Chaucer.
3. Appropriated to retirement; private; not open to the public. "
Privy chambers." Ezek. xxi. 14.
4. Admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant;
privately knowing.
His wife also being privy to it. Acts v. 2.
Myself am one made privy to the plot. Shak.
Privy chamber, a private apartment in a royal residence. [Eng.] --
Privy council (Eng. Law), the principal council of the sovereign,
composed of the cabinet ministers and other persons chosen by the king
or queen. Burrill. -- Privy councilor, a member of the privy council.
-- Privy purse, moneys set apart for the personal use of the monarch;
also, the title of the person having charge of these moneys. [Eng.]
Macaulay. -- Privy seal OR signed, the seal which the king uses in
grants, etc., which are to pass the great seal, or which the uses in
matters of subordinate consequence which do not require the great
seal; also, elliptically, the principal secretary of state, or person
intrusted with the privy seal. [Eng.] -- Privy verdict, a verdict
given privily to the judge out of court; -- now disused. Burrill.
Privy
Priv"y, n.; pl. Privies (.
1. (Law) A partaker; a person having an interest in any action or
thing; one who has an interest in an estate created by another; a
person having an interest derived from a contract or conveyance to
which he is not himself a party. The term, in its proper sense, is
distinguished from party. Burrill. Wharton.
2. A necessary house or place; a backhouse.
Prizable
Priz"a*ble (?), a. Valuable. H. Taylor.
Prize
Prize (?), n. [F. prise a seizing, hold, grasp, fr. pris, p. p. of
prendre to take, L. prendere, prehendere; in some senses, as 2 (b),
either from, or influenced by, F. prix price. See Prison, Prehensile,
and cf. Pry, and also Price.]
1. That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing
seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.
I will depart my pris, or may prey, by deliberation. Chaucer.
His own prize, Whom formerly he had in battle won. Spenser.
2. Hence, specifically; (a) (Law) Anything captured by a belligerent
using the rights of war; esp., property captured at sea in virtue of
the rights of war, as a vessel. Kent. Brande & C. (b) An honor or
reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be
competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.
I'll never wrestle for prize more. Shak.
I fought and conquered, yet have lost the prize. Dryden.
(c) That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.
3. Anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in
prospect.
I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in
Christ Jesus. Phil. iii. 14.
4. A contest for a reward; competition. [Obs.] Shak.
5. A lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever. [Written also prise.]
Prize court, a court having jurisdiction of all captures made in war
on the high seas. Bouvier. -- Prize fight, an exhibition contest, esp.
one of pugilists, for a stake or wager. -- Prize fighter, one who
fights publicly for a reward; -- applied esp. to a professional boxer
or pugilist. Pope. -- Prize fighting, fighting, especially boxing, in
public for a reward or wager. -- Prize master, an officer put in
charge or command of a captured vessel. -- Prize medal, a medal given
as a prize. -- Prize money, a dividend from the proceeds of a captured
vessel, etc., paid to the captors. -- Prize ring, the ring or
inclosure for a prize fight; the system and practice of prize
fighting. -- To make prize of, to capture. Hawthorne.
Prize
Prize (?), v. t. To move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry.
[Written also prise.]
Prize
Prize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prizing.] [F.
priser, OF. prisier, preisier, fr. L. pretiare, fr. pretium worth,
value, price. See Price, and cf. Praise.] [Formerly written also
prise. ]
1. To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.
A goodly price that I was prized at. Zech. xi. 13.
I prize it [life] not a straw, but for mine honor. Shak.
2. To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem. "[I]
do love, prize, honor you. " Shak.
I prized your person, but your crown disdain. Dryden.
Prize
Prize, n. [F. prix price. See 3d Prize. ] Estimation; valuation.
[Obs.] Shak.
Prizeman
Prize"man (?), n.; pl. Prizemen (. The winner of a prize.
Prizer
Priz"er (?), n. [See 3d Prize.] One who estimates or sets the value of
a thing; an appraiser. Shak.
Prizer
Priz"er, n. [See 1st Prize.] One who contends for a prize; a prize
fighter; a challenger. [Obs.] Shak.
Appeareth no man yet to answer the prizer. B. Jonson.
Prizing
Priz"ing, n. [See 2d Prize.] The application of a lever to move any
weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, car, etc. See Prize, n., 5.
Pro-
Pro- (?). [L. pro, or Gr. Pro.] A prefix signifying before, in front,
forth, for, in behalf of, in place of, according to; as, propose, to
place before; proceed, to go before or forward; project, to throw
forward; prologue, part spoken before (the main piece); propel,
prognathous; provide, to look out for; pronoun, a word instead of a
noun; proconsul, a person acting in place of a consul; proportion,
arrangement according to parts.
Pro
Pro, prep. [L.; akin to prae before, Gr. for. See For, prep., and cf.
Prior, a.] A Latin preposition signifying for, before, forth. Pro
confesso [L.] (Law), taken as confessed. The action of a court of
equity on that portion of the pleading in a particular case which the
pleading on the other side does not deny. -- Pro rata. [L. See
Prorate.] In proportion; proportion. -- Pro re nata [L.] (Law), for
the existing occasion; as matters are.
Pro
Pro, adv. For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; -- in
contrast with con. Pro and con, for and against, on the affirmative
and on the negative side; as, they debated the question pro and con;
-- formerly used also as a verb. -- Pros and cons, the arguments or
reasons on either side.
Proa
Pro"a (?), n. [Malay pr\'be\'beh.] (Naut.) A sailing canoe of the
Ladrone Islands and Malay Archipelago, having its lee side flat and
its weather side like that of an ordinary boat. The ends are alike.
The canoe is long and narrow, and is kept from overturning by a
cigar-shaped log attached to a frame extending several feet to
windward. It has been called the flying proa, and is the swiftest
sailing craft known.<-- having an outrigger -->
Proach
Proach (?), v. i. See Approach. [Obs.]
Proatlas
Pro*at"las (?), n. [Pref. pro- + atlas.] (Anat.) A vertebral rudiment
in front of the atlas in some reptiles.
Probabiliorism
Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism (?), n. The doctrine of the probabiliorists.
Probabiliorist
Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist (?), n. [From L. probabilior, compar. of
probabilis probable.] (Casuistry) One who holds, in opposition to the
probabilists, that a man is bound to do that which is most probably
right.
Probabilism
Prob"a*bil*ism (?) n. [Cf. F. probabilisme.] The doctrine of the
probabilists.
Probabilist
Prob"a*bil*ist, n. [Cf. F. probabilists.]
1. One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that
probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.
2. (Casuistry) One who maintains that a man may do that which has a
probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of
authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more
probable.
Probability
Prob`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Probabilities (#). [L. probabilitas: cf. F.
probabilit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or
truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.
Probability is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of
two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not
constant, but appears for the most part to be so. Locke.
2. That which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance
of reality or truth.
The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and
balancing of probabilities. Buckminster.
We do not call for evidence till antecedent probabilities fail. J.
H. Newman.
3. (Math.) Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine
of chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the
whole number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st Chance,
n., 5. Syn. -- Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance.
Probable
Prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. probabilis, fr. probare to try, approve, prove:
cf. F. probable. See Prove, and cf. Provable.]
1. Capable of being proved. [Obs.]
2. Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which
inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.
That is accounted probable which has better arguments producible
for it than can be brought against it. South.
I do not say that the principles of religion are merely probable; I
have before asserted them to be morally certain. Bp. Wilkins.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1141
3. Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but
not demonstrating; as, probable evidence; probable presumption.
Blackstone.
Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge
is, or my be, well founded. -- Probable error (of an observation, or
of the mean of a number), that within which, taken positively and
negatively, there is an even chance that the real error shall lie.
Thus, if 3&sec; is the probable error in a given case, the chances
that the real error is greater than 3&sec; are equal to the chances
that it is less. The probable error is computed from the observations
made, and is used to express their degree of accuracy.<-- now, usually
standard deviation is used --> -- The probable, that which is within
the bounds of probability; that which is not unnatural or
preternatural; -- opposed to the marvelous.
Probably
Prob"a*bly (?), adv. In a probable manner; in likelihood.
Distinguish between what may possibly and what will probably be
done. L'Estrange.
Probacy
Pro"ba*cy (?), n. [See Probate.] Proof; trial. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Probal
Pro"bal (?), a. Approved; probable. [Obs.] Shak.
Probality
Pro*bal"i*ty (?), n. Probability. [Obs.] "With as great probality."
Holland.
Probang
Pro"bang (?), n. [See Probe.] A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone,
with a sponge on the end, for removing obstructions from the
esophagus, etc.
Probate
Pro"bate (?), n. [From L. probatus, p. p. of probare to prove. See
Prove.]
1. Proof. [Obs.] Skelton.
2. (Law) (a) Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent
officer or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the
last will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful
act; the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the Court of
Probate, delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having
been proved. Bouvier. Burrill. (b) The right or jurisdiction of
proving wills.
Probate
Pro"bate, a. Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a
probate record. Probate Court, OR Court of Probate, a court for the
probate of wills. -- Probate duty, a government tax on property
passing by will. [Eng.]
Probate
Pro"bate (?) v. t. To obtain the official approval of, as of an
instrument purporting to be the last will and testament; as, the
executor has probated the will.
Probation
Pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. probatio, fr. probare to try, examine, prove:
cf. F. probation. See Prove.]
1. The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof. [Obs.]
When by miracle God dispensed great gifts to the laity, . . . he
gave probation that he intended that all should prophesy and
preach. Jer. Taylor.
2. Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character,
qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a person on
probation. Hence, specifically: (a) The novitiate which a person must
pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the
severities of the rule. (b) The trial of a ministerial candidate's
qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a
pastor. (c) Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in
which he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming
qualified for a happier state.
No [view of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards
it as a state of probation. Paley.
Probational
Pro*ba"tion*al (?), a. Probationary.
Probationary
Pro*ba"tion*a*ry (?) a. Of or pertaining to probation; serving for
trial.
To consider this life . . . as a probationary state. Paley.
Probationer
Pro*ba"tion*er (?), n.
1. One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.
While yet a young probationer, And candidate of heaven. Dryden.
2. A student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good
morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several
trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed
to preach. [Scot.]
Probationership
Pro*ba"tion*er*ship, n. The state of being a probationer; novitiate.
Locke.
Probationship
Pro*ba"tion*ship, n. A state of probation.
Probative
Pro"ba*tive (?), a. [L. probativus: cf. F.probatif.] Serving for trial
or proof; probationary; as, probative judgments; probative evidence.
South.
Probator
Pro*ba"tor (?) n. [L.]
1. An examiner; an approver. Maydman.
2. (O. Eng. Law) One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and
accused others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's
evidence.
Probatory
Pro"ba*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. probatoire.]
1. Serving for trial; probationary. Abp. Bramhall.
2. Pertaining to, or serving for, proof. Jer. Taylor.
Probatory term (Law), a time for taking testimony.
Probe
Probe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Probed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Probing.]
[L. probare to try, examine. See Prove.]
1. To examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with
a probe.
2. Fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine thoroughly.
Dryden.
The growing disposition to probe the legality of all acts, of the
crown. Hallam.
Probe
Probe, n. (Surg.) An instrument for examining the depth or other
circumstances of a wound, ulcer, or cavity, or the direction of a
sinus, of for exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc.
Parr. Probe, OR Probe-pointed, scissors (Surg.), scissors used to open
wounds, the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a
button at the end. Wiseman.
Probeagle
Pro"bea`gle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Porbeagle.
Probe-pointed
Probe"-point`ed (?), a. (Surg.) Having a blunt or button-shaped
extremity; -- said of cutting instruments.
Probity
Prob"i*ty (?), n. [F. probit\'82, fr. L. probitas, fr. probus good,
proper, honest. Cf. Prove.] Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral
excellence; honesty; rectitude; uprightness. "Probity of mind." Pope.
Syn. -- Probity, Integrity. Probity denotes unimpeachable honesty and
virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations,
called imperfect, which the laws of the state do not reach, and can
not enforce. Integrity denotes a whole-hearted honesty, and especially
that which excludes all injustice that might favor one's self. It has
a peculiar reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfer of
property, and the execution of trusts for others.
Problem
Prob"lem (?), n. [F. probl\'8ame, L. problema, fr. Gr. Parable. ]
1. A question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination
or proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a
doubtful case; a question involving doubt. Bacon.
2. (Math.) Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to
bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an
unknown quantity.
NOTE: &hand; Pr oblem di ffers from theorem in this, that a problem
is something to be done, as to bisect a triangle, to describe a
circle, etc.; a theorem is something to be proved, as that all the
angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.
Plane problem (Geom.), a problem that can be solved by the use of the
rule and compass. -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem requiring in its
geometric solution the use of a conic section or higher curve.
Problematic, Problematical
Prob`lem*at"ic (?), Prob`lem*at"ic*al (?), a. [L. problematicus, Gr.
probl\'82matique.] Having the nature of a problem; not shown in fact;
questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful. -- Prob`lem*at"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Diligent inquiries into remote and problematical guilt leave a gate
wide open to . . . informers. Swift.
Problematist
Prob"lem*a*tist (?) n. One who proposes problems. [R.] Evelyn.
Problematize
Prob"lem*a*tize (?) v. t. To propose problems. [R.] "Hear him
problematize." B. Jonson.
Proboscidate
Pro*bos"ci*date (?), a. [See Proboscis.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a
proboscis; proboscidial.
Proboscidea
Pro`bos*cid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis.] (Zo\'94l.) An order
of large mammal
Proboscidean
Pro`bos*cid"e*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Proboscidian.
Proboscidial
Pro`bos*cid"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Proboscidate.
Proboscidian
Pro`bos*cid"i*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Proboscidea. --
n. One of the Proboscidea.
Proboscidifera
Pro*bos`ci*dif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis, and -ferous.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods,
including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth
at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. See Illust. of
Gastropoda, and of Winkle.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A subdivision of the t\'91nioglossate gastropods,
including the fig-shells (Pyrula), the helmet shells (Cassis), the
tritons, and allied genera.
Proboscidiform
Pro`bos*cid"i*form (?) a. Having the form or uses of a proboscis; as,
a proboscidiform mouth.
Proboscis
Pro*bos"cis (?), n.; pl. Proboscides (#). [L. fr. Gr.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or
connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in
taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pr oboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular
elongation of the nose. The proboscis of insects is usually a
chitinous tube formed by the modified maxill\'91, or by the labium.
See Illusts. of Hemiptera and Lepidoptera.
2. (Zo\'94l.) By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs
of the lower animals that can be everted or protruded.
NOTE: &hand; The proboscis of annelids and of mollusks is usually a
portion of the pharynx that can be everted or protruded. That of
nemerteans is a special long internal organ, not connected with the
mouth, and not used in feeding, but capable of being protruded from
a pore in the head. See Illust. in Appendix.
3. The nose. [Jocose]
Proboscis monkey. (Zo\'94l.) See Kahau.
Procacious
Pro*ca"cious (?), a. [L. procax, -acis, fr. procare to ask, demand.]
Pert; petulant; forward; saucy. [R.] Barrow.
Procacity
Pro*cac"i*ty (?) n. [L. procacitas.] Forwardness; pertness; petulance.
[R.] Burton.
Procambium
Pro*cam"bi*um (?) n. [NL. See Pro-, and Cambium.] (Bot.) The young
tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component cells have begun
to be differentiated. Sachs.
Procatarctic
Pro`cat*arc"tic (?), a. [Gr. procatarctique. ] (Med.) Beginning;
predisposing; exciting; initial. [Obs.]
NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rds pr ocatarctic ca uses ha ve been used with
different significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously
with prime causes, exciting causes, and predisposing or remote
causes.
The physician inquires into the procatarctic causes. Harvey.
Procatarxis
Pro`cat*arx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The kindling of a disease
into action; also, the procatarctic cause. Quincy.
Procedendo
Pro`ce*den"do (?), n. [Abl. of the gerundive of L. procedere. see
Proceed.] (Law) (a) A writ by which a cause which has been removed on
insufficient grounds from an inferior to a superior court by
certiorari, or otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, to be
proceeded in there. (b) In English practice, a writ issuing out of
chancery in cases where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving
judgment, commanding them to proceed to judgment. (c) A writ by which
the commission of the justice of the peace is revived, after having
been suspended. Tomlins. Burrill.
Procedure
Pro*ce"dure (?), n. [F. proc\'82dure. See Proceed.]
1. The act or manner of proceeding or moving forward; progress;
process; operation; conduct. "The true procedure of conscience."
South.
2. A step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in an
action or other legal proceeding. "Gracious procedures." I. Taylor.
3. That which results; issue; product. [Obs.] Bacon.
Proceed
Pro*ceed" (?) v. i. [imp. & p. p. Proceeded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proceeding.] [F. proc\'82der. fr. L. procedere, processum, to go
before, to proceed; pro forward + cedere to move. See Cede.]
1. To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or
renew motion begun; as, to proceed on a journey.
If thou proceed in this thy insolence. Shak.
2. To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; as, to proceed
with a story or argument.
3. To issue or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from;
as, light proceeds from the sun.
I proceeded forth and came from God. John viii. 42.
It proceeds from policy, not love. Shak.
4. To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a
series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a design.
He that proceeds upon other principles in his inquiry. Locke.
5. To be transacted; to take place; to occur. [Obs.]
He will, after his sour fashion, tell you What hath proceeded
worthy note to-day. Shak.
6. To have application or effect; to operate.
This rule only proceeds and takes place when a person can not of
common law condemn another by his sentence. Ayliffe.
7. (Law) To begin and carry on a legal process. Syn. -- To advance; go
on; continue; progress; issue; arise; emanate.
Proceed
Pro"ceed (?) n. See Proceeds. [Obs.] Howell.
Proceeder
Pro*ceed"er (?), n. One who proceeds.
Proceeding
Pro*ceed"ing, n.
1. The act of one who proceeds, or who prosecutes a design or
transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another; a measure
or step taken in a course of business; a transaction; as, an illegal
proceeding; a cautious or a violent proceeding.
The proceedings of the high commission. Macaulay.
2. pl. (Law) The course of procedure in the prosecution of an action
at law. Blackstone.
Proceedings of a society, the published record of its action, or of
things done at its meetings. Syn. -- Procedure; measure; step, See
Transaction.
Proceeds
Pro"ceeds (?), n. pl. That which comes forth or results; effect;
yield; issue; product; sum accruing from a sale, etc.
Proceleusmatic
Proc`e*leus*mat"ic (?), a. [L. proceleusmaticus, Gr.
proc\'82leusmatique.]
1. Inciting; animating; encouraging. [R.] Johnson.
2. (Pros.) Consisting of four short syllables; composed of feet of
four short syllables each.
Proceleusmatic
Proc`e*leus*mat"ic (?), n. (Pros.) A foot consisting of four short
syllables.
Procellarian
Pro`cel*la"ri*an (?), n. [L. procella a storm.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a
family of oceanic birds (Procellarid\'91) including the petrels,
fulmars, and shearwaters. They are often seen in great abundance in
stormy weather.
Procellous
Pro*cel"lous (?), a. [L. procellosus, fr. procella a storm.] Stormy.
[Obs.] Bailey.
Procephalic
Pro`ce*phal"ic (?), a. [Pref. pro- + cephalic.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining
to, or forming, the front of the head. Procephalic lobe (Zo\'94l.),
that part of the head of an invertebrate animal which is in front of
the mouth.
Proception
Pro*cep"tion (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. capere to take.] Preoccupation.
[Obs.] Eikon Basilik
Procere
Pro*cere" (?), a. [L. procerus tall.] Of high stature; tall. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Procerebrum
Pro*cer"e*brum (?) n. [Pref. pro- + cerebrum.] (Anat.) The
prosencephalon.
Proceres
Proc"e*res (?) n. pl. [NL., fr. L. procer (Zo\'94l.) An order of large
birds; the Ratit\'91; -- called also Proceri.
Procerite
Proc"er*ite (?), n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The segment next to
the flagellum of the antenn\'91 of Crustacea.
Procerity
Pro*cer"i*ty (?), n. [L. proceritas.] Height of stature; tallness.
[R.] Johnson.
Process
Proc"ess, n. [F. proc\'8as, L. processus. See Proceed.]
1. The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure;
progress; advance. "Long process of time." Milton.
The thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns.
Tennyson.
<-- = advance of time? -->
2. A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or
transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or
procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or
decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.
Tell her the process of Antonio's end. Shak.
3. A statement of events; a narrative. [Obs.] Chaucer.
4. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Any marked prominence or projecting part,
especially of a bone; anapophysis.
5. (Law) The whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal,
civil or criminal, from the beginning to the end of the suit;
strictly, the means used for bringing the defendant into court to
answer to the action; -- a generic term for writs of the class called
judicial.
Deacon's process [from H. Deacon, who introduced it] (Chem.), a method
of obtaining chlorine gas by passing hydrochloric acid gas over heated
slag which has been previously saturated with a solution of some
metallic salt, as sulphate of copper. -- Final process (Practice), a
writ of execution in an action at law. Burrill. -- In process, in the
condition of advance, accomplishment, transaction, or the like; begun,
and not completed. -- Jury process (Law), the process by which a jury
is summoned in a cause, and by which their attendance is enforced.
Burrill. -- Leblanc's process (Chem.), the process of manufacturing
soda by treating salt with sulphuric acid, reducing the sodium
sulphate so formed to sodium sulphide by roasting with charcoal, and
converting the sodium sulphide to sodium carbonate by roasting with
lime. -- Mesne process. See under Mesne. -- Process milling, the
process of high milling for grinding flour. See under Milling. --
Reversible process (Thermodynamics), any process consisting of a cycle
of operations such that the different operations of the cycle can be
performed in reverse order with a reversal of their effects.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1142
Procession
Pro*ces"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. processio. See Proceed.]
1. The act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular,
orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course. Bp. Pearson.
That the procession of their life might be
More equable, majestic, pure, and free. Trench.
2. That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn
manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train;
a retinue; as, a procession of mourners; the Lord Mayor's
procession.
Here comes the townsmen on procession. Shak.
3. (Eccl.) An orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either
from the sacristy to the choir, or from the choir around the
church, within or without. Shipley.
4. pl. (Eccl.) An old term for litanies which were said in
procession and not kneeling. Shipley.
Procession of the Holy Ghost, a theological term applied to the
relation of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son, the Eastern
Church affirming that the Spirit proceeds from the Father only, and
the Western Church that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the
Son. Shipley. -- Procession week, a name for Rogation week, when
processions were made; Cross-week. Shipley.
Procession
Pro*ces"sion, v. t. (Law) To ascertain, mark, and establish the
boundary lines of, as lands. [Local, U. S. (North Carolina and
Tennessee).] "To procession the lands of such persons as desire it."
Burrill.
Procession
Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To march in procession. [R.]
Procession
Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To honor with a procession. [R.]
Processional
Pro*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting
in a procession.
The processional services became more frequent. Milman.
Processional
Pro*ces"sion*al, n. [F. processionnal, LL. processionale.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions.
J. Gregory.
2. A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as,
the processional was the 202d hymn.
Processionalist
Pro*ces"sion*al*ist, n. One who goes or marches in a procession. [R.]
Processionary
Pro*ces"sion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. LL. processionarius, F.
processionnaire.] Pertaining to a procession; consisting in
processions; as, processionary service. Processionary moth (Zo\'94l.),
any moth of the genus Cnethocampa, especially C. processionea of
Europe, whose larv\'91 make large webs on oak trees, and go out to
feed in regular order. They are covered with stinging hairs.
Processioner
Pro*ces"sion*er (?), n.
1. One who takes part in a procession.
2. A manual of processions; a processional. Fuller.
3. An officer appointed to procession lands. [Local, U. S. (North
Carolina and Tennessee).] Burrill.
Processioning
Pro*ces"sion*ing, n. A proceeding prescribed by statute for
ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession. [
Local, U. S.] Bouvier.
Processive
Pro*ces"sive (?), a. Proceeding; advancing.
Because it is language, -- ergo, processive. Coleridge.
<-- (Biochemistry) acting from one end of a polymer, and continuing to
act on the same polymer, rather than detaching and re-binding randomly
to other molecules. Said of polymerases or hydrolytic enzymes. Opposed
to "distributive". Colloquially, (laboratory slang) processive and
distributive enzymes may be referred to as "clingers" and "hoppers",
respectively. -->
Proc\'8as verbal
Pro`c\'8as" ver`bal" (?). [ F.] (French Law) An authentic minute of an
official act, or statement of facts.
Prochein
Pro"chein (?), a. [F. prochain, fr. L. (assumed) proximanus, fr.
proximus.] Next; nearest. Prochein ami OR amy ( (Law), the next
friend. See under Next.
Prochordal
Pro*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. pro + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated in front
of the notochord; -- applied especially to parts of the cartilaginous
rudiments in the base of the skull.
Prochronism
Pro"chro*nism (?) n. [Gr. prochronisme.] The dating of an event before
the time it happened; an antedating; -- opposed to metachronism.
Prochronize
Pro"chro*nize (?), v. t. To antedate. Fitzed. Hall.
Procidence, Procidentia
Proc"i*dence, Proc*i*den"ti*a (?), n. [L. procidentia, fr. procidens,
p. pr. of procidere to fall down forward.] (Med.) A falling down; a
prolapsus. [R.] Parr.
Prociduous
Pro*cid"u*ous (, a. [ L. prociduus.] Falling from its proper place.
Procinct
Pro*cinct" (?) n. [L. procinctus, fr. procingere, procinctum, to gird
up.] A state of complete readiness for action. [Obs.] "War in
procinct." Milton.
Proclaim
Pro*claim" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proclaiming.] [OE. proclamen, L. proclamare; pro before, forward +
clamare to call or cry out: cf. F. proclamer. See Claim.]
1. To make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to; to
publish abroad; to promulgate; to declare; as, to proclaim war or
peace.
To proclaim liberty to the captives. Isa. lxi. 1.
For the apparel oft proclaims the man. Shak.
Throughout the host proclaim A solemn council forthwith to be held.
Milton.
2. To outlaw by public proclamation.
I heard myself proclaimed. Shak.
Syn. -- To publish; promulgate; declare; announce. See Announce.
Proclaimer
Pro*claim"er (?), n. One who proclaims.
Proclamation
Proc`la*ma"tion (?) n. [F. proclamation, L. proclamatio. See
Proclaim.]
1. The act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication.
King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was
exempted. 1 Kings xv. 22.
2. That which is proclaimed, publicly announced, or officially
declared; a published ordinance; as, the proclamation of a king; a
Thanksgiving proclamation.
Proclitic
Pro*clit"ic (?), a. [Gr. Enclitic.] (Gr. Gram.) Leaning forward; --
said of certain monosyllabic words which are so closely attached to
the following word as not to have a separate accent.
Proclive
Pro*clive" (?) a. [L. proclivis sloping, inclined; pro forward +
clivus hill: cf. F. proclive. See Declivity, and cf. Proclivous.]
Having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous. [R.] Mrs. Browning.
Proclivity
Pro*cliv"i*ty (?), n. [L. proclivitas: cf. F. proclivit\'82.]
1. Inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency. "A proclivity to
steal." Abp. Bramhall.
2. Readiness; facility; aptitude.
He had such a dexterous proclivity as his teachers were fain to
restrain his forwardness. Sir H. Wotton.
Proclivous
Pro*cli"vous (?), a. [L. proclivus. See Proclive.]
1. Inclined; tending by nature. [R.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the incisor teeth directed forward.
Proc\'d2le
Pro*c\'d2le" (?), n. [Pref. pro + Gr. (Anat.) A lateral cavity of the
prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder.
Proc\'d2lia
Pro*c\'d2"li*a (?) n.; pl. Proc\'d2li\'91 (. [ NL.] (Anat.) Same as
Proc\'d2le.
Proc\'d2lia
Pro*c\'d2"li*a, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Crocodilia,
including the true crocodiles and alligators, in which the dorsal
vertebr\'91 are concave in front.
Proc\'d2lian
Pro*c\'d2"li*an (?) a. [See Proc\'d2le.] (Anat & Zo\'94l.) Concave in
front; as, proc\'d2lian vertebr\'91, which have the anterior end of
the centra concave and the posterior convex.
Proc\'d2lian
Pro*c\'d2"li*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) A reptile having proc\'d2lian
vertebr\'91; one of the Proc\'d2lia.
Proc\'d2lous
Pro*c\'d2"lous (?), a.Same as Proc\'d2lian.
Proconsul
Pro*con"sul (?), n. [L., fr. pro for + consul consul.] (Rom. Antiq.)
An officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being himself
consul; a governor of, or a military commander in, a province. He was
usually one who had previously been consul.
Proconsular, Proconsulary
Pro*con"su*lar (?), Pro*con"su*la*ry (?), a. [L. proconsularis: cf. F.
proconsulaire.]
1. Of or pertaining of a proconsul; as, proconsular powers.
2. Under the government of a proconsul; as, a proconsular province.
Proconsulate
Pro*con"su*late (?), n. [L. proconsulatus: cf. F. proconsulat.] The
office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his office.
Proconsulship
Pro*con"sul*ship (?) n. Proconsulate.
Procrastinate
Pro*cras"ti*nate (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrastinated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Procrastinating.] [L. procrastinatus, p. p. of procrastinare to
procrastinate; pro forward + crastinus of to-morrow, fr. cras
to-morrow.] To put off till to-morrow, or from day to day; to defer;
to postpone; to delay; as, to procrastinate repentance. Dr. H. More.
Hopeless and helpless \'92geon wend, But to procrastinate his
lifeless end. Shak.
Syn. -- To postpone; adjourn; defer; delay; retard; protract; prolong.
Procrastinate
Pro*cras"ti*nate, v. i. To delay; to be dilatory.
I procrastinate more than I did twenty years ago. Swift.
Procrastination
Pro*cras`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. procrastinatio: cf. F.
procrastination.] The act or habit of procrastinating, or putting off
to a future time; delay; dilatoriness.
Procrastination is the thief of time. Young.
Procrastinator
Pro*cras"ti*na`tor (?) n. One who procrastinates, or defers the
performance of anything.
Procrastinatory
Pro*cras"ti*na*to*ry (?) a. Of or pertaining to procrastination;
dilatory.
Procrastine
Pro*cras"tine (?) v. t. To procrastinate. [Obs.]
Procreant
Pro"cre*ant (?), a. [L. procreans, p. pr. of procreare. See
Procreate.] Generating; producing; productive; fruitful; assisting in
procreation. [R.] "His pendent bed and procreant cradle." Shak.
Procreant
Pro"cre*ant, n. One who, or that which, procreates.
Procreate
Pro"cre*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procreated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Procreating.] [L. procreatus, p. p. of procreare; pro forward, forth +
create to create.] To generate and produce; to beget; to engender.
Procreation
Pro`cre*a"tion (?) n. [F. procr\'82ation, L, procreatio.] The act of
begetting; generation and production of young. South.
Procreative
Pro"cre*a`tive (?), a. Having the power to beget; generative. Sir M.
Hale.
Procreativeness
Pro"cre*a`tive*ness, n. The power of generating.
Procreator
Pro"cre*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who begets; a father or sire; a
generator.
Procris
Pro"cris (?) n. [L., the wife of Cephalus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species
of small moths of the genus Procris. The larv\'91 of some species
injure the grapevine by feeding in groups upon the leaves.
Procrustean
Pro*crus"te*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Procrustes, or the mode of
torture practiced by him; producing conformity by violent means; as,
the Procrustean treatment; a Procrustean limit. See Procrustes.
Procrusteanize
Pro*crus"te*an*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrusteanized (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Procrusteanizing (?).] To stretch or contract according
to some rule or standard.
Procrustes
Pro*crus"tes (?) n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A celebrated legendary
highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as
the case required, either stretched or cut of their legs to adapt them
to its length; -- whence the metaphorical phrase, the bed of
Procrustes.
Procrustesian
Pro`crus*te"si*an (?), a. See Procrustean.
Proctitis
Proc*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
rectum.
Proctocele
Proc"to*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Inversion and prolapse of the mucous
coat of the rectum, from relaxation of the sphincter, with more or
less swelling; prolapsus ani. Dunglison.
Proctod\'91um
Proc`to*d\'91"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) See Mesenteron.
Proctor
Proc"tor (?), n. [OE. proketour, contr. fr. procurator. See
Procurator.] One who is employed to manage to affairs of another.
Specifically: (a) A person appointed to collect alms for those who
could not go out to beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden,
etc.; hence a beggar. [Obs.] Nares. (b) (Eng. Law) An officer employed
in admiralty and ecclesiastical causes. He answers to an attorney at
common law, or to a solicitor in equity. Wharton. (c) (Ch. of Eng.) A
representative of the clergy in convocation. (d) An officer in a
university or college whose duty it is to enforce obedience to the
laws of the institution. <-- hall proctor. a proctor(d) who maintains
order within the hallways of a school, esp. during a shange of class.
THe post is often occupied by a student -->
Proctor
Proc"tor, v. t. To act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney
or agent. Bp. Warburton.
Proctorage
Proc"tor*age (?) n. Management by a proctor, or as by a proctor;
hence, control; superintendence; -- in contempt. "The fogging
proctorage of money." Milton.
Proctorial
Proc*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a proctor, esp. an academic
proctor; magisterial.
Proctorical
Proc*tor"ic*al (?), a. Proctorial. [R.]
Proctorship
Proc"tor*ship (?) n. The office or dignity of a proctor; also, the
term of his office. Clarendon.
Proctotomy
Proc*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) An incision into the rectum, as for
the division of a stricture.
Proctucha
Proc"tu*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A division of
Turbellaria including those that have an intestine terminating
posteriorly. (b) The Nemertina.
Procumbent
Pro*cum"bent (?), a. [L. procumbens, -entis, p. pr. of procumbere to
fall, bend, or lean forward; pro forward + cumbere (in comp.), akin to
cubare to lie down: cf. F. procombant. Cf. Incumbent.]
1. Lying down, or on the face; prone. " Procumbent each obeyed."
Cowper.
2. (Bot.) Lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots;
trailing; prostrate; as, a procumbent stem.
Procurable
Pro*cur"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being procured; obtainable. Boyle.
Procuracy
Proc"u*ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Procuracies (#). [LL. procuratia: cf. F.
procuratie. See Procuration, and cf,. Proxy.]
1. The office or act of a proctor or procurator; management for
another.
2. Authority to act for another; a proxy. [Obs.]
Procuration
Proc`u*ra"tion (?) n. [L. procuratio: cf. F. procuration. See
Procure.]
1. The act of procuring; procurement.
2. The management of another's affairs.
3. The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the
affairs of another; a proxy.
4. (Ch. of Eng.) A sum of money paid formerly to the bishop or
archdeacon, now to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent,
as a commutation for entertainment at the time of visitation; --
called also proxy.
Procuration money (Law), money paid for procuring a loan. Blackstone.
Procurator
Proc"u*ra`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. procurateur. See Procure, and cf.
Proctor. ]
1. (Law) One who manages another's affairs, either generally or in a
special matter; an agent; a proctor. Chaucer. Shak.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) A governor of a province under the emperors; also,
one who had charge of the imperial revenues in a province; as, the
procurator of Judea.
Procurator fiscal (Scots Law), public prosecutor, or district
attorney.
Procuratorial
Proc`u*ra*to"ri*al (, a. Of or pertaining to a procurator, or proctor;
made by a proctor. Ayliffe.
Procuratorship
Proc"u*ra`tor*ship (?), n. The office or term of a procurator. Bp.
Pearson.
Procuratory
Pro*cu"ra*to*ry (?), a. [L. procuratorius.] Tending to, or
authorizing, procuration.
Procure
Pro*cure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Procuring.] [F. procurer, L. procurare, procuratum, to take care of;
pro for + curare to take care, fr. cura care. See Cure, and cf.
Proctor, Proxy.]
1. To bring into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into
possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another; to
gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan.
If we procure not to ourselves more woe. Milton.
2. To contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause.
By all means possible they procure to have gold and silver among
them in reproach. Robynson (More's Utopia) .
Proceed, Solinus, to procure my fall. Shak.
3. To solicit; to entreat. [Obs.]
The famous Briton prince and faery knight, . . . Of the fair Alma
greatly were procured To make there longer sojourn and abode.
Spenser.
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4. To cause to come; to bring; to attract. [Obs.]
What unaccustomed cause procures her hither? Shak.
5. To obtain for illicit intercourse or prostitution. Syn. -- See
Attain.
Procure
Pro*cure" (?), v. i.
1. To pimp. Shak.
2. To manage business for another in court. [Scot.]
Procurement
Pro*cure"ment (?), n.
1. The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.
2. Efficient contrivance; management; agency.
They think it done By her procurement. Dryden.
Procurer
Pro*cur"er (?), n. [Cf. F. procureur.]
1. One who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on, or
causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means.
2. One who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a
pander. South.
Procuress
Pro*cur"ess, n. A female procurer, or pander.
Procyon
Pro"cy*on (?), n. [L., a constellation which rises before the Dog
Star, Gr.
1. (Astron.) a star of the first magnitude in the constellation Canis
Minor, or the Little Dog.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of mammals including the raccoon.
Prod
Prod (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. brod goad, prickle, sting, and E. brad,
also W. procio to poke, thrust.]
1. A pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an awl,
a skewer, etc.
2. A prick or stab which a pointed instrument.
3. A light kind of crossbow; -- in the sense, often spelled prodd.
Fairholt.
Prod
Prod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prodding.] To
thrust some pointed instrument into; to prick with something sharp;
as, to prod a soldier with a bayonet; to prod oxen; hence, to goad, to
incite, to worry; as, to prod a student. H. Taylor.
Prodd
Prodd (?), n. A crossbow. See Prod, 3.
Prodigal
Prod"i*gal (?), a. [L. prodigus, from prodigere to drive forth, to
squander away; pro forward, forth + agere to drive; cf. F. prodigue.
See Agent. ] Given to extravagant expenditure; expending money or
other things without necessity; recklessly or viciously profuse;
lavish; wasteful; not frugal or economical; as, a prodigal man; the
prodigal son; prodigal giving; prodigal expenses.
In fighting fields [patriots] were prodigal of blood. Dryden.
Syn. -- Profuse; lavish; extravagant; squandering; wasteful. See
Profuse.
Prodigal
Prod"i*gal, n. One who expends money extravagantly, viciously, or
without necessity; one that is profuse or lavish in any expenditure; a
waster; a spendthrift. "Noble prodigals of life." Trench.
Prodigality
Prod`i*gal"i*ty (?), n. [F. prodigalit\'82, L. prodigalitas. See
Prodigal.] Extravagance in expenditure, particularly of money;
excessive liberality; profusion; waste; -- opposed to frugality,
economy, and parsimony."The prodigality of his wit." Dryden.
Prodigalize
Prod"i*gal*ize (?), v. i. To act as a prodigal; to spend liberally.
Sherwood.
Prodigalize
Prod"i*gal*ize, v. t. To expend lavishly. Ld. Lytton.
Prodigally
Prod"i*gal*ly, adv. In a prodigal manner; with profusion of expense;
extravagantly; wasteful; profusely; lavishly; as, an estate prodigally
dissipated.
Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows; Our paths with flowers
she prodigally strows. Dryden.
Prodigate
Prod"i*gate (?), v. t. To squander. Thackeray.
Prodigence
Prod"i*gence (?), n. [L. prodigentia, fr. prodigens, p. pr. of
prodigere. See Prodigal. ] Waste; profusion; prodigality. [R.] Bp.
Hall.
Prodigious
Pro*di"gious (?), a. [L. prodigiosus, fr. prodigium a prodigy; cf. F.
prodigieux. See Prodigy.]
1. Of the nature of a prodigy; marvelous; wonderful; portentous. [Obs.
or R.] Spenser.
It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear sky. Sir T. Browne.
2. Extraordinary in bulk, extent, quantity, or degree; very great;
vast; huge; immense; as, a prodigious mountain; a prodigious creature;
a prodigious blunder. "Prodigious might." Milton. Syn. -- Huge;
enormous; monstrous; portentous; marvelous; amazing; astonishing;
extraordinary.
Prodigiously
Pro*di"gious*ly, adv.
1. Enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; as, prodigiously great.
2. Very much; extremely; as, he was prodigiously pleased. [Colloq.]
Pope.
Prodigiousness
Pro*di"gious*ness, n. The quality or state of being prodigious; the
state of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment;
enormousness; vastness.
Prodigy
Prod"i*gy (?), n.; pl. Prodigies (#). [ L. prodigium; pro before +
(perh.) a word appearing in adagium adage: cf. F. prodige. Cf. Adage.
]
1. Something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature, from
which omens are drawn; a portent; as, eclipses and meteors were
anciently deemed prodigies.
So many terrors, voices, prodigies, May warn thee, as a sure
foregoing sign. Milton.
2. Anything so extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; a
marvel; as, a prodigy of learning.
3. A production out of ordinary course of nature; an abnormal
development; a monster. B. Jonson. Syn. -- Wonder; miracle; portent;
marvel; monster.
Prodition
Pro*di"tion (?), n. [L. proditio, from prodere to give forth, betray:
cf. OF. prodition.] Disclosure; treachery; treason. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
Proitor
Pro"i*tor (?), n. [L.] A traitor. [Obs.]
Proditorious
Prod`i*to"ri*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF. proditoire.]
1. Treacherous; perfidious; traitorous. [Obs.] Daniel.
2. Apt to make unexpected revelations. [Obs.] "Nature is
proditorious." Sir H. Wotton.
Proditory
Prod"i*to*ry (?), a. Treacherous. [Obs.]
Prodromal
Prod"ro*mal (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to prodromes; as, the
prodromal stage of a disease.
Prodrome
Pro"drome (?), n. [Gr. prodrome.] A forerunner; a precursor.
Prodromous
Prod"ro*mous (?), a. Precursory. [R.]
Prodromus
Prod"ro*mus (?), n. [NL.]
1. A prodrome.
2. A preliminary course or publication; -- used esp. in the titles of
elementary works.
Produce
Pro*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Produced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Producing (?).] [L. producere, productum, to bring forward, beget,
produce; pro forward, forth + ducere to lead. See Duke.]
1. To bring forward; to lead forth; to offer to view or notice; to
exhibit; to show; as, to produce a witness or evidence in court.
Produce your cause, saith the Lord. Isa. xli. 21.
Your parents did not produce you much into the world. Swift.
2. To bring forth, as young, or as a natural product or growth; to
give birth to; to bear; to generate; to propagate; to yield; to
furnish; as, the earth produces grass; trees produce fruit; the clouds
produce rain.
This soil produces all sorts of palm trees. Sandys.
[They] produce prodigious births of body or mind. Milton.
The greatest jurist his country had produced. Macaulay.
3. To cause to be or to happen; to originate, as an effect or result;
to bring about; as, disease produces pain; vice produces misery.
4. To give being or form to; to manufacture; to make; as, a
manufacturer produces excellent wares.
5. To yield or furnish; to gain; as, money at interest produces an
income; capital produces profit.
6. To draw out; to extend; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to produce a
man's life to threescore. Sir T. Browne.
7. (Geom.) To extend; -- applied to a line, surface, or solid; as, to
produce a side of a triangle.
Produce
Pro*duce", v. i. To yield or furnish appropriate offspring, crops,
effects, consequences, or results.
Produce
Prod"uce (?; 277), n. That which is produced, brought forth, or
yielded; product; yield; proceeds; result of labor, especially of
agricultural labors; hence, specifically, agricultural products.
Producement
Pro*duce"ment (?), n. Production. [Obs.]
Producent
Pro*du"cent (?), n. [L. producens, p. pr.] One who produces, or offers
to notice. [Obs.] Ayliffe.
Producer
Pro*du"cer (?), n.
1. One who produces, brings forth, or generates.
2. One who grows agricultural products, or manufactures crude
materials into articles of use.
3. (Iron & Steel Manuf.) A furnace for producing combustible gas which
is used for fuel.
Producibility
Pro*du`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being producible.
Barrow.
Producible
Pro*du"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of being produced, brought forward,
brought forth, generated, made, or extended. -- Pro*du"ci*ble*ness, n.
Product
Prod"uct (?), n. [L. productus, p. pr. of producere. See Produce.]
1. Anything that is produced, whether as the result of generation,
growth, labor, or thought, or by the operation of involuntary causes;
as, the products of the season, or of the farm; the products of
manufactures; the products of the brain.
There are the product Of those ill-mated marriages. Milton.
These institutions are the products of enthusiasm. Burke.
2. (Math.) The number or sum obtained by adding one number or quantity
to itself as many times as there are units in another number; the
number resulting from the multiplication of two or more numbers; as,
the product of the multiplication of 7 by 5 is 35. In general, the
result of any kind of multiplication. See the Note under
Multiplication. Syn. -- Produce; production; fruit; result; effect;
consequence; outcome; work; performance.
Product
Pro*duct" (?), v. t.
1. To produce; to bring forward. "Producted to . . . examination."
[Obs.] Foxe.
2. To lengthen out; to extend. [Obs.]
He that doth much . . . products his mortality. Hackett.
3. To produce; to make. [Obs.] Holinshed.
Productibility
Pro*duct`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being productible;
producibility. Ruskin.
Productible
Pro*duct"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. productible.] Capable of being
produced; producible.
Productile
Pro*duc"tile (?), a. [L. productilis, fr. producere to stretch out.]
Capable of being extended or prolonged; extensible; ductile.
Production
Pro*duc"tion (?), n. [L. productio a lengthening, prolonging: cf. F.
production. See Produce. ]
1. The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to
view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness.
2. That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by
the application of intelligence and labor; as, the productions of the
earth; the productions of handicraft; the productions of intellect or
genius.
3. The act of lengthening out or prolonging. Syn. -- Product; produce;
fruit; work; performance; composition.
Productive
Pro*duc"tive (?), a. [F. productif, L. productivus fit for
prolongation.]
1. Having the quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing
results; as, productive soil; productive enterprises; productive
labor, that which increases the number or amount of products.
2. Bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; as,
an age productive of great men; a spirit productive of heroic
achievements.
And kindle with thy own productive fire. Dryden.
This is turning nobility into a principle of virtue, and making it
productive of merit. Spectator.
3. Producing, or able to produce, in large measure; fertile;
profitable. -- Pro*duc"tive*ly, adv. -- Pro*duc"tive*ness, n.
Productivity
Pro`duc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being productive;
productiveness. Emerson.
Not indeed as the product, but as the producing power, the
productivity. Coleridge.
Productress
Pro*duc"tress (?), n. A female producer.
Productus
Pro*duc"tus (?), n. [NL. See Product.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
brachiopods, very characteristic of the Carboniferous rocks.
Proeguminal
Pro`e*gu"mi*nal (?), a. [Gr. pro\'82gum\'8ane.] (Med.) Serving to
predispose; predisposing; as, a proeguminal cause of disease.
Proem
Pro"em (?), n. [L. prooemium, Gr. pro\'8ame.] Preface; introduction;
preliminary observations; prelude.
Thus much may serve by way of proem. Swift.
Proem
Pro"em, v. t. To preface. [Obs.] South.
Proembryo
Pro*em"bry*o (?), n. [Pref. pro- + embryo. ] (Bot.) (a) The series of
cells formed in the ovule of a flowering plant after fertilization,
but before the formation of the embryo. (b) The primary growth from
the spore in certain cryptogamous plants; as, the proembryo, or
protonema, of mosses.
Proemial
Pro*e"mi*al (?), a. Introductory; prefatory; preliminary. [R.]
Hammond.
Proemptosis
Pro`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Chron.) The addition of a day
to the lunar calendar. [R.] See Metemptosis.
Proface
Pro"face (?), interj. [OF. prou face, prou fasse; prou profit + faire
to make, do.] Much good may it do you! -- a familiar salutation or
welcome. [Obs.]
Master page, good master page, sit. Proface! Shak.
Profanate
Prof"a*nate (?), v. t. To profane. [Obs.]
Profanation
Prof`a*na"tion (?), n. [L. profanatio: cf. F. profanation. See
Profane, v. t.]
1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with
contempt or irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use
of what is sacred; desecration; as, the profanation of the Sabbath;
the profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of God.
2. The act of treating with abuse or disrespect, or with undue
publicity, or lack of delicacy.
'T were profanation of our joys To tell the laity our love. Donne.
Profane
Pro*fane" (?), a. [F., fr. L. profanus, properly, before the temple,
i. e., without the temple, unholy; pro before + fanum temple. See 1st
Fane.]
1. Not sacred or holy; not possessing peculiar sanctity;
unconsecrated; hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular;
-- opposed to sacred, religious, or inspired; as, a profane place.
"Profane authors." I. Disraeli.
The profane wreath was suspended before the shrine. Gibbon.
2. Unclean; impure; polluted; unholy.
Nothing is profane that serveth to holy things. Sir W. Raleigh.
3. Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or
undue familiarity; irreverent; impious. Hence, specifically;
Irreverent in language; taking the name of God in vain; given to
swearing; blasphemous; as, a profane person, word, oath, or tongue. 1
Tim. i. 9. Syn. -- Secular; temporal; worldly; unsanctified;
unhallowed; unholy; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; wicked; godless;
impious. See Impious.
Profane
Pro*fane", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Profaning.] [L. profanare: cf. F. profaner. See Profane, a.]
1. To violate, as anything sacred; to treat with abuse, irreverence,
obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate; to pollute; as, to profane the
name of God; to profane the Scriptures, or the ordinance of God.
The priests in the temple profane the sabbath. Matt. xii. 5.
2. To put to a wrong or unworthy use; to make a base employment of; to
debase; to abuse; to defile.
So idly to profane the precious time. Shak.
Profanely
Pro*fane"ly, adv. In a profane manner.
The character of God profanely impeached. Dr. T. Dwight.
Profaneness
Pro*fane"ness, n. The quality or state of being profane; especially,
the use of profane language.
Profaner
Pro*fan"er (?), n. One who treats sacred things with irreverence, or
defiles what is holy; one who uses profane language. Hooker.
Profanity
Pro*fan"i*ty (?), n. [L. profanitas.]
1. The quality or state of being profane; profaneness; irreverence;
esp., the use of profane language; blasphemy.
2. That which is profane; profane language or acts.
The brisk interchange of profanity and folly. Buckminster.
Profection
Pro*fec"tion (?), n. [See Proficient.] A setting out; a going forward;
advance; progression. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Profectitious
Pro`fec*ti"tious (?), a. [L. profectitius, fr. proficisci to set out,
proceed.] Proceeding from, as from a parent; derived, as from an
ancestor. [R.]
The threefold distinction of profectitious, adventitious, and
professional was ascertained. Gibbon.
Profert
Pro"fert (?), n. [L., he brings forward, 3d pers. pr. of proferre. See
Proffer. ] (Law) The exhibition or production of a record or paper in
open court, or an allegation that it is in court.
Profess
Pro*fess" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Professed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Professing.] [F. prof\'8as, masc., professe, fem., professed (monk or
nun), L. professus, p. p. of profiteri to profess; pro before, forward
+ fateri to confess, own. See Confess.]
1. To make open declaration of, as of one's knowledge, belief, action,
etc.; to avow or acknowledge; to confess publicly; to own or admit
freely. "Hear me profess sincerely." Shak.
The best and wisest of them all professed To know this only, that
he nothing knew. Milton.
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2. To set up a claim to; to make presence to; hence, to put on or
present an appearance of.
I do profess to be no less than I seem. Shak.
3. To present to knowledge of, to proclaim one's self versed in; to
make one's self a teacher or practitioner of, to set up as an
authority respecting; to declare (one's self to be such); as, he
professes surgery; to profess one's self a physician.
Profess
Pro*fess" (?), v. i.
1. To take a profession upon one's self by a public declaration; to
confess. Drayton.
2. To declare friendship. [Obs.] Shak.
Provessel
Pro*vessel" (?), a. Openly declared, avowed, acknowledged, or claimed;
as, a professed foe; a professed tyrant; a professed Christian. The
professed (R. C. Ch.) , a certain class among the Jesuits bound by a
special vow. See the note under Jesuit.
Professedly
Pro*fess"ed*ly (?), adv. By profession.
Profession
Pro*fes"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. professio. See Profess, v.]
1. The act of professing or claiming; open declaration; public avowal
or acknowledgment; as, professions of friendship; a profession of
faith.
A solemn vow, promise, and profession. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
2. That which one professed; a declaration; an avowal; a claim; as,
his professions are insincere.
The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction
between professions and conduct. J. Morse.
3. That of which one professed knowledge; the occupation, if not
mechanical, agricultural, or the like, to which one devotes one's
self; the business which one professes to understand, and to follow
for subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as, the profession of
arms; the profession of a clergyman, lawyer, or physician; the
profession of lecturer on chemistry.
Hi tried five or six professions in turn. Macaulay.
NOTE: &hand; Th e th ree pr ofessions, or learned professions, are,
especially, theology, law, and medicine.
4. The collective body of persons engaged in a calling; as, the
profession distrust him.
5. (Eccl. Law.) The act of entering, or becoming a member of, a
religious order.
Professional
Pro*fes"sion*al (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to a profession, or calling; conforming to the
rules or standards of a profession; following a profession; as,
professional knowledge; professional conduct. "Pride, not personal,
but professional." Macaulay. "A professional sneerer." De Quincey.
2. Engaged in by professionals; as, a professional race; -- opposed to
amateur.
Professional
Pro*fes"sion*al, n. A person who prosecutes anything professionally,
or for a livelihood, and not in the character of an amateur; a
professional worker.
Professionalism
Pro*fes"sion*al*ism (?), n. The following of a profession, sport,
etc., as an occupation; -- opposed to amateurism.
Professionalist
Pro*fes"sion*al*ist, n. professional person. [R.]
Professionally
Pro*fes"sion*al*ly, adv. In a professional manner or capacity; by
profession or calling; in the exercise of one's profession; one
employed professionally.
Professor
Pro*fess"or (?), n. [L., a teacher, a public teacher: cf. F.
professeur. See Profess.]
1. One who professed, or makes open declaration of, his sentiments or
opinions; especially, one who makes a public avowal of his belief in
the Scriptures and his faith in Christ, and thus unites himself to the
visible church. "Professors of religion." Bacon.
2. One who professed, or publicly teaches, any science or branch of
learning; especially, an officer in a university, college, or other
seminary, whose business it is to read lectures, or instruct students,
in a particular branch of learning; as a professor of theology, of
botany, of mathematics, or of political economy.
Professorial
Pro`fes*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. professorius: cf. F. professorial.] Of or
pertaining to a professor; as, the professional chair; professional
interest.
Professorialism
Pro`fes*so"ri*al*ism (?), n. The character, manners, or habits of a
professor. [R.]
Professoriat
Pro`fes*so"ri*at (?), n. See Professoriate.
Professoriate
Pro`fes*so"ri*ate (?), n.
1. The body of professors, or the professorial staff, in a university
or college.
2. A professorship.
Professorship
Pro*fess"or*ship (?), n. The office or position of a professor, or
public teacher. Walton.
Professory
Pro*fes"so*ry (?), a. [L. professorius.] Of or pertaining to a
professor; professorial. [R.] Bacon.
Proffer
Prof"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proffering.] [OE. profren, proferen, F. prof\'82rer, fr. L. proferre
to bring forth or forward, to offer; pro forward + ferre to bring. See
Bear to produce.]
1. To offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to make a tender of;
as, to proffer a gift; to proffer services; to proffer friendship.
Shak.
I reck not what wrong that thou me profre. Chaucer.
2. To essay or attempt of one's own accord; to undertake, or propose
to undertake. [R.] Milton.
Proffer
Prof"fer, n.
1. An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another; a
tender; as, proffers of peace or friendship.
He made a proffer to lay down his commission. Clarendon.
2. Essay; attempt. [R.] Bacon.
Profferer
Prof"fer*er (?), n. One who proffers something.
Proficience, Proficiency
Pro*fi"cience (?), Pro*fi"cien*cy (?), n. The quality of state of
being proficient; advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or
knowledge; progression in knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to
acquire proficiency in music.
Proficient
Pro*fi"cient (?), n. [L. proficiens, -entis, p. pr. of proficere to go
forward, make progress; pro forward + facere to make. See Fact, and
cf. Profit, ( One who has made considerable advances in any business,
art, science, or branch of learning; an expert; an adept; as,
proficient in a trade; a proficient in mathematics, music, etc.
Proficient
Pro*fi"cient (?), a. Well advanced in any branch of knowledge or
skill; possessed of considerable acquirements; well-skilled; versed;
adept,
Proficiently
Pro*fi"cient*ly, adv. In a proficient manner.
Proficuous
Pro*fic"u*ous (?), a. [L. proficuus.] Profitable; advantageous;
useful. [Obs.] Harvey.
Profile
Pro"file (?), n. [It. profilo, fr. L. pro before + filum a thread, an
outline, shape: cf. F. profil. See File arow, and cf. Purfle, Purl, a
fringe.]
1. An outline, or contour; as, the profile of an apple.
2. (Paint & Sculp.) A human head represented sidewise, or in a side
view; the side face or half face.
3. (a) (Arch.) A section of any member, made at right angles with its
main lines, showing the exact shape of moldings and the like. (b)
(Civil Engin.) A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground
along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing
elevations, depressions, grades, etc. <-- 4. a short biography. 5.
[NW10] a set of data, often in graphical form, describing some
significant features of something (e.g. a person, corporation); esp. a
graph showing the results of tests ot some attribute of a person. 6.
public notice, used esp. in the phrase "(keep/maintain) a low
profile", i.e. avoid public notice, avoid publicity. -->
Profile paper (Civil Engin.), paper ruled with vertical and horizontal
lines forming small oblong rectangles, adapted for drawing
profiles.<-- = graph paper? -->
Profile
Pro"file, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Profiling]
[Cf. F. profiler, It. profilare. See Profile, n.]
1. to draw the outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural
member.
2. (Mech.) To shape the outline of an object by passing a cutter
around it.
Profiling machine, a jigging machine.
Profiling
Pro"fil*ing, n. (Fort.) In the construction of fieldworks, the
erection at proper intervals of wooden profiles, to show to the
workmen the sectional form of the parapets at those points.
Profilist
Pro"fil*ist, n. One who takes profiles.
Profit
Pro"fit (?), n. [F., fr. L. profectus advance, progress, profit, fr.
profectum. See Proficient.]
1. Acquisition beyond expenditure; excess of value received for
producing, keeping, or selling, over cost; hence, pecuniary gain in
any transaction or occupation; emolument; as, a profit on the sale of
goods.
Let no man anticipate uncertain profits. Rambler.
2. Accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit;
avail; gain; as, an office of profit,
This I speak for your own profit. 1 Cor. vii. 35.
If you dare do yourself a profit and a right. Shak.
Syn. -- Benefit; avail; service; improvement; advancement; gain;
emolument.
Profit
Prof"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profited; p. pr. & vb. n. Profiting.] [F.
profiter. See Profit, n.] To be of service to; to be good to; to help
on; to benefit; to advantage; to avail; to aid; as, truth profits all
men.
The word preached did not profit them. Heb. iv. 2.
It is a great means of profiting yourself, to copy diligently
excellent pieces and beautiful designs. Dryden.
Profit
Prof"it, v. i.
1. To gain advantage; to make improvement; to improve; to gain; to
advance.
I profit not by thy talk. Shak.
2. To be of use or advantage; to do or bring good.
Riches profit not in the day of wrath. Prov. xi. 4.
Profitable
Prof"it*a*ble (?), a. [F. profitable.] Yielding or bringing profit or
gain; gainful; lucrative; useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial;
as, a profitable trade; profitable business; a profitable study or
profession.
What was so profitable to the empire became fatal to the emperor.
Arbuthnot.
-- Prof"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Prof"it*a*bly, adv.
Profiting
Prof"it*ing, n. Gain; advantage; profit.
That thy profiting may appear to all. 1 Tim. iv. 15.
Profitless
Prof"it*less, a. Without profit; unprofitable. Shak.
Profligacy
Prof"li*ga*cy (?), n. [See Profligate, a.] The quality of state of
being profligate; a profligate or very vicious course of life; a state
of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice; dissoluteness.
Profligate
Prof"li*gate (?), a. [L. profligatus, p. p. of profligare to strike or
dash to the ground, to destroy; pro before + a word akin to fligere to
strike. See Afflict.]
1. Overthrown; beaten; conquered. [Obs.]
The foe is profligate, and run. Hudibras.
2. Broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or decency;
openly and shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; as, profligate
man or wretch.
A race more profligate than we. Roscommon.
Made prostitute and profligate muse. Dryden.
Syn. -- Abandoned; corrupt; dissolute; vitiated; depraved; vicious;
wicked. See Abandoned.
Profligate
Prof"li*gate, n. An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly
vicious; a dissolute person. "Such a profligate as Antony." Swift.
Profligate
Prof"li*gate (?), v. t. To drive away; to overcome.
NOTE: [A Latinism]
[Obs.] Harvey.
Profligately
Prof"li*gate*ly (?), adv. In a profligate manner.
Profligateness
Prof"li*gate*ness, n. The quality of being profligate; an abandoned
course of life; profligacy.
Profligation
Prof`li*ga"tion (?), n. [L. profligatio.] Defeat; rout; overthrow.
[Obs.] Bacon.
Profluence
Prof"lu*ence (?), n. [L. profluentia.] Quality of being profluent;
course. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
Profluent
Prof"lu*ent (?), a. [L. profluens, p. pr. of profluere; pro forward +
fluere to flow.] Flowing forward, [R.] "In the profluent stream."
Milton.
Profound
Pro*found", a. [F. profond, L. profundus; pro before, forward + fundus
the bottom. See Found to establish, Bottom lowest part.]
1. Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to a great
depth; deep. "A gulf profound." Milton.
2. Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the
bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough; as, a
profound investigation or treatise; a profound scholar; profound
wisdom.
3. Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading; overmastering;
far-reaching; strongly impressed; as, a profound sleep. "Profound
sciatica." Shak.
Of the profound corruption of this class there can be no doubt.
Milman.
4. Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly;
submissive; as, a profound bow.
What humble gestures! What profound reverence! Dupp
Profound
Pro*found" (?), n.
1. The deep; the sea; the ocean.
God in the fathomless profound Hath all this choice commanders
drowned. Sandys.
2. An abyss. Milton.
Profound
Pro*found", v. t. To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or
penetrate far down. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Profound
Pro*found", v. i. To dive deeply; to penetrate. [Obs.]
Profoundly
Pro*found"ly, adv. In a profound manner.
Why sigh you so profoundly? Shak.
Profoundness
Pro*found"ness, n. The quality or state of being profound; profundity;
depth. Hooker.
Profulgent
Pro*ful"gent (?), a. [Pref. pro- + L. fulgere to shine.] Shining
forth; brilliant; effulgent. [Obs.] "Profulgent in preciousness."
Chaucer.
Profundity
Pro*fun"di*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (#). [L. profunditas: cf. F.
profondite. See Profound.] The quality or state of being profound;
depth of place, knowledge, feeling, etc. "The vast profundity
obscure." Milton.
Profuse
Pro*fuse" (?), a. [L. profusus, p. p. of profundere to pour forth or
out; pro forward, forth + fundere to pour: cf. F. profus. See Fuse to
melt.]
1. Pouring forth with fullness or exuberance; bountiful; exceedingly
liberal; giving without stint; as, a profuse government; profuse
hospitality.
A green, shady bank, profuse of flowers. Milton.
2. Superabundant; excessive; prodigal; lavish; as, profuse
expenditure. "Profuse ornament." Kames. Syn. -- Lavish; exuberant;
bountiful; prodigal; extravagant. -- Profuse, Lavish, Prodigal.
Profuse denotes pouring out (as money, etc.) with great fullness or
freeness; as, profuse in his expenditures, thanks, promises, etc.
Lavish is stronger, implying unnecessary or wasteful excess; as,
lavish of his bounties, favors, praises, etc. Prodigal is stronger
still, denoting unmeasured or reckless profusion; as, prodigal of
one's strength, life, or blood, to secure some object. Dryden.
Profuse
Pro*fuse" (?), v. t. To pour out; to give or spend liberally; to
lavish; to squander. [Obs.] Chapman.
Profusely
Pro*fuse"ly (?), adv. In a profuse manner.
Profuseness
Pro*fuse"ness, n. Extravagance; profusion.
Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profuseness. Atterbury.
Profusion
Pro*fu"sion (?), n. [L. profusio: cf. F. profusion.]
1. The act of one who is profuse; a lavishing or pouring out without
sting.
Thy vast profusion to the factious nobles? Rowe.
2. Abundance; exuberant plenty; lavish supply; as, a profusion of
commodities. Addison.
Profusive
Pro*fu"sive (?), a. Profuse; lavish; prodigal.[Obs.]
Prog
Prog (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Progged (. p. pr. & vb. n. Progging.]
[Cf. D. prachen, G. prachern, Dan. prakke, Sw. pracka, to beg, L.
procare, procari, to ask, demand, and E. prowl.]
1. To wander about and beg; to seek food or other supplies by low
arts; to seek for advantage by mean shift or tricks. [Low]
A perfect artist in progging for money. Fuller.
I have been endeavoring to prog for you. Burke.
2. To steal; to rob; to filch. [Low] Johnson.
3. To prick; to goad; to progue. [Scot.]
Prog
Prog, n.
1. Victuals got by begging, or vagrancy; victuals of any kind; food;
supplies. [Slang] Swift.
So long as he picked from the filth his prog. R. Browning.
2. A vagrant beggar; a tramp. [Slang]
3. A goal; progue. [Scot.]
Progenerate
Pro*gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. progeneratus, p. p. of progenerare to
beget; pro forth, forward + generare to generate.] To beget; to
generate; to produce; to procreate; as, to progenerate a race. [R.]
Landor.
Progeneration
Pro*gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. progeneratio.] The act of begetting;
propagation. [R.]
Progenitor
Pro*gen"i*tor (?), n. [OF. progeniteur, L. progenitor, fr. progignere,
progenitum, to bring forth, to beget; pro forth + gignere to beget.
See Gender kind.] An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.
And reverence thee their great progenitor. Milton.
Progenitorship
Pro*gen"i*tor*ship, n. The state of being a progenitor.
Progenitress
Pro*gen"i*tress (?), n. A female progenitor.
Progeniture
Pro*gen"i*ture (?), n. [F. prog\'82niture.] A begetting, or birth.
[R.]
Progeny
Prog"e*ny (?), n. [OE. progenie, F. prog\'82nie, fr. L. progenies, fr.
progignere. See Progenitor.] Descendants of the human kind, or
offspring of other animals; children; offspring; race, lineage. "
Issued from the progeny of kings." Shak.
Proglottid
Pro*glot"tid (?), n. (Zo\'94l) Proglottis.
Proglottis
Pro*glot"tis (?), n.; pl. Proglottides (#). [NL. fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l) One
of the free, or nearly free, segments of a tapeworm. It contains both
male and female reproductive organs, and is capable of a brief
independent existence.
Prognathi
Prog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Prognathous.] (Zo\'94l) A
comprehensive group of mankind, including those that have prognathous
jaws.
Prognathic
Prog*nath"ic, a. (Anat.) Prognathous.
Prognathism
Prog"na*thism (?), n. (Anat.) Projection of the jaws. -- Prog"na*thy
(#), n. <-- why not a dual-headword here? -->
Prognathous
Prog"na*thous (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Having the jaws projecting beyond
the upper part of the face; -- opposed to orthognathous. See Gnathic
index, under Gnathic.
Their countenances had the true prognathous character. Kane.
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Progne
Prog"ne (?), n. [L., a swallow, traditionally said to be fr. Progne
(The sister of Philomela), who was changed into a swallow, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A swallow. (b) A genus of swallows including the purple
martin. See Martin. (c) An American butterfly (Polygonia, OR Vanessa,
Progne). It is orange and black above, grayish beneath, with an
L-shaped silver mark on the hind wings. Called also gray comma.
Prognosis
Prog*no"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Know.] (Med.) The act or art of
foretelling the course and termination of a disease; also, the outlook
afforded by this act of judgment; as, the prognosis of hydrophobia is
bad.
Prosnostic
Pros*nos"tic (?), a. [Gr. Prognosis.] Indicating something future by
signs or symptoms; foreshowing; aiding in prognosis; as, the
prognostic symptoms of a disease; prognostic signs.
Prognostic
Prog*nos"tic, n. [L. prognosticum, Gr. pronostic, prognostic. See
Prognostic, a.]
1. That which prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be
known or foretold; an indication; a sign or omen; hence, a
foretelling; a prediction.
That choice would inevitably be considered by the country as a
prognostic of the highest import. Macaulay.
2. (Med.) A sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a
disease. Parr. Syn. -- Sign; omen; presage; token; indication.
Prognostic
Prog*nos"tic, v. t. To prognosticate. [Obs.]
Prognosticable
Prog*nos"tic*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prognosticated or
foretold. Sir T. Browne.
Prognosticate
Prog*nos"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prognosticated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Prognosticating.] [See Prognostic.] To indicate as future; to
foretell from signs or symptoms; to prophesy; to foreshow; to predict;
as, to prognosticate evil. Burke.
I neither will nor can prognosticate To the young gaping heir his
father's fate. Dryden.
Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; presage; predict;
prophesy.
Prognostication
Prog*nos`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prognostication.]
1. The act of foreshowing or foretelling something future by present
signs; prediction.
2. That which foreshows; a foretoken. Shak.
Prognosticator
Prog*nos"ti*ca`tor (?), n. One who prognosticates; a foreknower or
foreteller of a future course or event by present signs. Isa. xlvii.
13.
Program
Pro"gram (?), n. Same as Programme.
Programma
Pro*gram"ma (?), n.; pl. Programmata (#). [ L. See Programme.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any law, which, after it had passed the Athenian
senate, was fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its
being proposed to the general assembly of the people.
2. An edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a
public proclamation.
3. See Programme.
4. A preface. [Obs.] T. Warton.
Programme
Pro"gramme (?), n. [L. programma a public proclamation, manifesto, Gr.
programme. See Graphic.] That which is written or printed as a public
notice or advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus; especially, a brief
outline or explanation of the order to be pursued, or the subjects
embraced, in any public exercise, performance, or entertainment; a
preliminary sketch. Programme music (Mus.), descriptive instrumental
music which requires an argument or programme to explain the meaning
of its several movements.
Progress
Prog"ress (?; 277), n. [L. progressus, from progredi, p. p.
progressus, to go forth or forward; pro forward + gradi to step, go:
cf. F. progr\'8as. See Grade.] <-- each subdefinition implicitly
begins with "a moving forward . . . " -->
1. A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward; an advance;
specifically: (a) In actual space, as the progress of a ship,
carriage, etc. (b) In the growth of an animal or plant; increase. (c)
In business of any kind; as, the progress of a negotiation; the
progress of art. (d) In knowledge; in proficiency; as, the progress of
a child at school. (e) Toward ideal completeness or perfection in
respect of quality or condition; -- applied to individuals,
communities, or the race; as, social, moral, religious, or political
progress.
2. A journey of state; a circuit; especially, one made by a sovereign
through parts of his own dominions.
The king being returned from his progresse. Evelyn.
<-- sic. -->
Progress
Pro*gress" (?; formerly pronounced like Progress, n.), v. i. [imp. &
p. p. Progressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Progressing.]
1. To make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in
course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; as, railroads are
progressing. "As his recovery progressed." Thackeray.
Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on
thy checks. Shak.
They progress in that style in proportion as their pieces are
treated with contempt. Washington.
The war had progressed for some time. Marshall.
2. To make improvement; to advance. Bayard.
If man progresses, art must progress too. Caird.
Progress
Prog"ress (?; see Progress, v. i.), v. t. To make progress in; to pass
through. [Obs.] Milton.
Progression
Pro*gres"sion (?), n. [L. progressio: cf. F. progression.]
1. The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onward.
2. Course; passage; lapse or process of time.
I hope, in a short progression, you will be wholly immerged in the
delices and joys of religion. Evelyn.
3. (Math.) Regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of
numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonic.
4. (Mus.) A regular succession of tones or chords; the movement of the
parts in harmony; the order of the modulations in a piece from key to
key.
Arithmetical progression, a progression in which the terms increase or
decrease by equal differences, as the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 1010, 8, 6,
4, 2 by the difference 2. -- Geometrical progression, a progression in
which the terms increase or decrease by equal ratios, as the numbers
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 6464, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 by a continual multiplication
or division by 2. -- Harmonic progression, a progression in which the
terms are the reciprocals of quantities in arithmetical progression,
as , , , , .
Progressional
Pro*gres"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to progression; tending to,
or capable of, progress.
Progressionist
Pro*gres"sion*ist, n.
1. One who holds to a belief in the progression of society toward
perfection.
2. One who maintains the doctrine of progression in organic forms; --
opposed to uniformitarian. H. Spencer.
Progressist
Prog"ress*ist (?), n. One who makes, or holds to, progress; a
progressionist.
Progressive
Pro*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. progressif.]
1. Moving forward; proceeding onward; advancing; evincing progress;
increasing; as, progressive motion or course; -- opposed to
retrograde.
2. Improving; as, art is in a progressive state.
Progressive euchre OR whist, a way of playing at card parties, by
which after every game, the losers at the first table go to the last
table, and the winners at all the tables, except the first, move up to
the next table. -- Progressive muscular atrophy (Med.), a nervous
disorder characterized by continuous atrophy of the muscles. --
Pro*gress"ive*ly, adv. -- Pro*gress"ive*ness, n.
Progue
Progue (?), v. i. To prog. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.
Progue
Progue, n. A sharp point; a goad. [ Scot. & Local, U. S.] -- v. t. To
prick; to goad. [ Scot. & Local, U. S.].
Proheme
Pro"heme (?), n. Proem. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Prohibit
Pro*hib"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prohibited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prohibiting.] [L. prohibitus, p. p. of prohibere to prohibit; pro
before, forth + habere to have, hold. See Habit.]
1. To forbid by authority; to interdict; as, God prohibited Adam from
eating of the fruit of a certain tree; we prohibit a person from doing
a thing, and also the doing of the thing; as, the law prohibits men
from stealing, or it prohibits stealing.
NOTE: &hand; Pr ohibit wa s fo rmerly fo llowed by to wi th th e
infinitive, but is now commonly followed by from with the verbal
noun in -ing.
2. To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude.
Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress.
Milton.
Syn. -- To forbid; interdict; debar; prevent; hinder. -- Prohibit,
Forbid. To forbid is Anglo-Saxon, and is more familiar; to prohibit is
Latin, and is more formal or official. A parent forbids his child to
be out late at night; he prohibits his intercourse with the profane
and vicious.
Prohibiter
Pro*hib"it*er (?), n. One who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an
interdicter.
Prohibition
Pro`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L. prohibitio: cf. F. prohibition.]
1. The act of prohibiting; a declaration or injunction forbidding some
action; interdict.
The law of God, in the ten commandments, consists mostly of
prohibitions. Tillotson.
2. Specifically, the forbidding by law of the sale of alcoholic
liquors as beverages.
Writ of prohibition (Law), a writ issued by a superior tribunal,
directed to an inferior court, commanding the latter to cease from the
prosecution of a suit depending before it. Blackstone.
NOTE: &hand; By ellipsis, prohibition is used for the writ itself.
Prohibitionist
Pro`hi*bi"tion*ist, n.
1. One who favors prohibitory duties on foreign goods in commerce; a
protectionist.
2. One who favors the prohibition of the sale (or of the sale and
manufacture) of alcoholic liquors as beverages.
Prohibitive
Pro*hib"it*ive, a. [Cf. F. prohibitif.] That prohibits; prohibitory;
as, a tax whose effect is prohibitive.
Prohibitory
Pro*hib"it*o*ry (?), a. [L. prohibitorius.] Tending to prohibit,
forbid, or exclude; implying prohibition; forbidding; as, a
prohibitory law; a prohibitory price. <-- in the latter sense (price
or cost) usu. prohibitive. --> Prohibitory index. (R. C. Ch.) See
under Index.
Proin
Proin (proin), v. t. [See Prune to trim.] To lop; to trim; to prune;
to adorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
The sprigs that did about it grow He proined from the leafy arms.
Chapman.
Proin
Proin, v. i. To employed in pruning. [Obs.]
Project
Proj"ect (?; 277), n. [OF. project, F. projet, fr. L. projectus, p. p.
of projicere to project; pro forward + jacere to throw. See Jet a
shooting forth, and cf. Projet.]
1. The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth. [Obs.]
Holland.
2. That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised;
a scheme; a design; a plan.
Vented much policy, and projects deep. Milton.
Projects of happiness devised by human reason. Rogers.
He entered into the project with his customary ardor. Prescott.
3. An idle scheme; an impracticable design; as, a man given to
projects. Syn. -- Design; scheme; plan; purpose. -- Project, Design. A
project is something of a practical nature thrown out for
consideration as to its being done. A design is a project when matured
and settled, as a thing to be accomplished. An ingenious man has many
projects, but, if governed by sound sense, will be slow in forming
them into designs. See also Scheme.
Project
Pro*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Projected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Projecting.] [Cf. OF. projecter, F. projeter.]
1. To throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.
Before his feet herself she did project. Spenser.
Behold! th' ascending villas on my side Project long shadows o'er
the crystal tide. Pope.
2. To cast forward or revolve in the mind; to contrive; to devise; to
scheme; as, to project a plan.
What sit then projecting peace and war? Milton.
3. (Persp.) To draw or exhibit, as the form of anything; to delineate;
as, to project a sphere, a map, an ellipse, and the like; -- sometimes
with on, upon, into, etc.; as, to project a line or point upon a
plane. See Projection, 4.
Project
Pro*ject" (?), v. i.
1. To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be prominent;
to jut; as, the cornice projects; branches project from the tree.
2. To form a project; to scheme. [R.] Fuller.
Projectile
Pro*ject"ile (?), a. [Cf. F. projectile.]
1. Projecting or impelling forward; as, a projectile force.
2. Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as,
projectile motion. Arbuthnot.
Projectile
Pro*ject"ile, n. [Cf. F. projectile.]
1. A body projected, or impelled forward, by force; especially, a
missile adapted to be shot from a firearm.
2. pl. (Mech.) A part of mechanics which treats of the motion, range,
time of flight, etc., of bodies thrown or driven through the air by an
impelling force.<-- = ballistics? --> <-- projectile vomiting,
vomiting with such force as to expel the vomitus over a distance. -->
Projection
Pro*jec"tion (?), n. [L. projectio: cf. F. projection.]
1. The act of throwing or shooting forward.
2. A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an
extension beyond something else.
3. The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned;
contrivance; design; plan. Davenant.
4. (Persp.) The representation of something; delineation; plan;
especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane,
or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the
object thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line
drawn through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as,
the projection of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ
according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in
each.
5. (Geog.) Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a
plane.
Conical projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical
surface being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent to the
sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. --
Cylindric projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical
surface being projected upon the surface of a cylinder touching the
sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. --
Globular, Gnomonic, Orthographic, projection,etc. See under Globular,
Gnomonic, etc. -- Mercator's projection, a mode of representing the
sphere in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and
the parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each
other increases with their distance from the equator, so that at all
places the degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the
same ratio as on the sphere itself. -- Oblique projection, a
projection made by parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure
and meeting the plane of projection obliquely. -- Polar projection, a
projection of the sphere in which the point of sight is at the center,
and the plane of projection passes through one of the polar circles.
-- Powder of projection (Alchemy.), a certain powder cast into a
crucible or other vessel containing prepared metal or other matter
which is to be thereby transmuted into gold. -- Projection of a point
on a plane (Descriptive Geom.), the foot of a perpendicular to the
plane drawn through the point. -- Projection of a straight line of a
plane, the straight line of the plane connecting the feet of the
perpendiculars let fall from the extremities of the given line. Syn.
-- See Protuberance. <-- projectionist. one who operates a
projector[2]; esp. one who is employed to operate a movie projector in
a movie theater -->
Projectment
Pro*ject"ment (?), n. Design; contrivance; projection. [Obs.]
Clarendon.
Projector
Pro*ject"or (?), n. [Cf. F. projeteur.] One who projects a scheme or
design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes.
L'Estrange. <-- an optical instrument which projects an image from a
transparency onto a projection screen or other surface, using an
intense light and one or more lenses to focus the image. Slide
projector; movie projector. Overhead projector. -->
Projecture
Pro*jec"ture (?), n. [L. projectura: cf. F. projecture.] A jutting out
beyond a surface.
Projet
Pro`jet" (?), n. [F. See Project, n.] A plan proposed; a draft of a
proposed measure; a project.
Proke
Proke (?), v. i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs.] Holland.
Prolapse
Pro*lapse" (?), n. [L. prolapsus, fr. prolapsus, p. p. of prolabi to
fall forward; pro forward + labi to glide, fall.] (Med.) The falling
down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally
connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum. Dunglison.
Prolapse
Pro*lapse", v. i. To fall down or out; to protrude.
Prolapsion
Pro*lap"sion (?), n. [L. prolapsio.] (Med.) Prolapse. [ Written also
prolaption.] [Obs.]
Prolapsus
Pro*lap"sus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Prolapse.
Prolate
Pro"late (?), a. [L. prolatus, used as p. p. of proferre to bring
forth, to extend; pro + latus, p. p. See Pro-, and Tolerate. ]
Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a
line joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid; -- opposed to oblate.
Prolate cycloid. See the Note under Cycloid. -- Prolate ellipsoid OR
spheroid (Geom.), a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse
about its major axis. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.
Prolate
Pro*late" (?), v. t. To utter; to pronounce. [Obs.] "Foun-der-ed;
prolate it right." B. Jonson.
Prolation
Pro*la"tion (?), n. [L. prolatio: cf. F. prolation.]
1. The act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.
[Obs.] Ray.
2. The act of deferring; delay. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
3. (Mus.) A medi\'91val method of determining of the proportionate
duration of semibreves and minims. Busby.
Prolatum
Pro*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Prolata (#). [ NL. See Prolate.] (Geom.) A
prolate spheroid. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.
Proleg
Pro"leg (?), n. [Pref. pro- for, in place of + leg.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the larv\'91 of
Lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. Those of Lepidoptera
have a circle of hooks. Called also proped, propleg, and falseleg.
Prolegate
Pro"leg`ate (?; 48), n. [L. prolegatus; pro for + legatus legate.]
(Rom. Hist.) The deputy or substitute for a legate.
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Prolegomenary
Prol`e*gom"e*na*ry (?), a. Of the nature of a prolegomenon;
preliminary; introductory; prefatory.
Prolegomenon
Prol`e*gom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Prolegomena (#). [ NL., fr. Gr. A
preliminary remark or observation; an introductory discourse prefixed
to a book or treatise. D. Stokes (1659). Sir W. Scott.
Prolepsis
Pro*lep"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Rhet.) (a) A figure by which objections are anticipated or
prevented. Abp. Bramhall. (b) A necessary truth or assumption; a first
or assumed principle.
2. (Chron.) An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated
before the actual time.
3. (Gram.) The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation,
or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one
dumb.
Proleptic, Proleptical
Pro*lep"tic (?), Pro*lep"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. proleptique.]
1. Of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative. "A far-seeing or
proleptic wisdom." De Quincey.
2. Previous; antecedent. Glanvill.
3. (Med.) Anticipating the usual time; -- applied to a periodical
disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.
Proleptically
Pro*lep"tic*al*ly, adv. In a proleptical manner.
Proleptics
Pro*lep"tics (?), n. (Med.) The art and science of predicting in
medicine. Laycock.
Prol\'82taire
Pro`l\'82`taire" (?), n. [F. See Proletary.] One of the common people;
a low person; also, the common people as a class or estate in a
country.
Proletaneous
Prol`e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. proletaneus.] Having a numerous
offspring. [R.]
Proletarian
Prol`e*ta"ri*an (?), a. [L. proletarius. See Proletary.] Of or
pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence,
mean; vile; vulgar. "Every citizen, if he were not a proletarian
animal kept at the public cost." De Quincey. -- n. A proletary.
Proletariat
Prol`e*ta"ri*at (?), n. [F.] The indigent class in the State; the body
of proletarians.
Proletariate
Prol`e*ta"ri*ate (?), n. The lower classes; beggars. "The Italian
proletariate." J. A. Symonds.
Proletary
Prol"e*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Proletaries (#). [ L. proletarius, fr.
proles offspring. Cf. Prol\'82taire.] (Rom. Antiq.) A citizen of the
lowest class, who served the state, not with property, but only by
having children; hence, a common person.
Prolicide
Prol"i*cide (?), n. [L. proles offspring + caedere to kill.] The crime
of destroying one's offspring, either in the womb or after birth.
Bouvier.
Proliferate
Pro*lif"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. proles offspring + ferre to bear.]
1. (Biol.) To produce or form cells; especially, to produce cells
rapidly.
2. (Zo\'94l.) To produce zooids by budding.
Proliferation
Pro*lif`er*a"tion (?), n.
1. (Biol.) The continuous development of cells in tissue formation;
cell formation. Virchow.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The production of numerous zooids by budding, especially
when buds arise from other buds in succession.
Proliferous
Pro*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. proles offspring + -ferous.]
1. (Bot.) Bearing offspring; -- applied to a flower from within which
another is produced, or to a branch or frond from which another rises,
or to a plant which is reproduced by buds or gemm\'91.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Producing young by budding. (b) Producing sexual
zooids by budding; -- said of the blastostyle of a hydroid. (c)
Producing a cluster of branchlets from a larger branch; -- said of
corals.
Proliferous cyst (Med.), a cyst that produces highly-organized or even
vascular structures. Paget. -- Pro*lif"er*ous*ly, adv.
Prolific
Pro*lif"ic (?), a. [F. prolifique, fr. L. proles offspring (from pro
for, forward + the root of alere to nourish) + facere to make. See
Adult, Old, and Fact.]
1. Having the quality of generating; producing young or fruit;
generative; fruitful; productive; -- applied to plants producing
fruit, animals producing young, etc.; -- usually with the implied idea
of frequent or numerous production; as, a prolific tree, female, and
the like.
2. Serving to produce; fruitful of results; active; as, a prolific
brain; a controversy prolific of evil.
3. (Bot.) Proliferous.
Prolificacy
Pro*lif"ic*a*cy (?), n. Prolificness. [R.]
Prolifical
Pro*lif"ic*al (?), a. Producing young or fruit abundantly; fruitful;
prolific. -- Pro*lif"ic*al*ly, adv.
Prolificate
Pro*lif"ic*ate (?), v. t. [See Prolific.] To make prolific; to
fertilize; to impregnate. Sir T. Browne.
Prolification
Pro*lif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prolification, LL. prolificatio.]
1. The generation of young.
2. (Bot.) Reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant,
directly from an older one, or by gemm\'91.
Prolificness
Pro*lif"ic*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being prolific;
fruitfulness; prolificacy.
Prolix
Pro*lix" (?; 277), a. [L. prolixus extended, long, prolix, probably
fr. pro before, forward + liqui to flow, akin to liquidus liquid; cf.
OL. lixa water: cf. F. prolixe. See Liquid.]
1. Extending to a great length; unnecessarily long; minute in
narration or argument; excessively particular in detail; -- rarely
used except with reference to discourse written or spoken; as, a
prolix oration; a prolix poem; a prolix sermon.
With wig prolix, down flowing to his waist. Cowper.
2. Indulging in protracted discourse; tedious; wearisome; -- applied
to a speaker or writer. Syn. -- Long; diffuse; prolonged; protracted;
tedious; tiresome; wearisome. -- Prolix, Diffuse. A prolix writer
delights in circumlocution, extended detail, and trifling particulars.
A diffuse writer is fond of amplifying, and abounds in epithets,
figures, and illustrations. Diffuseness often arises from an
exuberance of imagination; prolixity is generally connected with a
want of it.
Prolixious
Pro*lix"ious (?), a. Dilatory; tedious; superfluous. [Obs.] "Lay by
all nicety, and prolixious blushes." Shak.
Prolixity
Pro*lix"i*ty (?), n. [L. prolixitas: cf. F. prolixit\'82.] The quality
or state of being prolix; great length; minute detail; as, prolixity
in discourses and writings. "For fulsomeness of his prolixitee."
Chaucer.
Idly running on with vain prolixity. Drayton.
Prolixly
Pro*lix"ly, adv. In a prolix manner. Dryden.
Prolixness
Pro*lix"ness, n. Prolixity. Adam Smith.
Proll
Proll (?), v. t. [See Prowl.] [imp. & p. p. Prolled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prolling.] To search or prowl after; to rob; to plunder. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Proll
Proll, v. i. To prowl about; to rob. [Obs.] South.
Though ye prolle aye, ye shall it never find. Chaucer.
Proller
Proll"er (?), n. Prowler; thief. [Obs.] Chapman.
Prolocutor
Prol`o*cu"tor (?), n. [L., from proloqui, p. p. prolocutus, to speak
out; pro for + loqui to speak.]
1. One who speaks for another. Jeffrey.
2. The presiding officer of a convocation. Macaulay.
Proocutorship
Pro`o*cu"tor*ship, n. The office of a prolocutor.
Prolog
Pro"log (?), n. & v. Prologue.
Prologize
Pro"lo*gize (?), v. i. [Gr. Prologue.] To deliver a Prologue. [R.]
Whewell.
Prologizer
Pro"lo*gi`zer (?), n. One who prologizes. [R.]
Prologue
Pro"logue (?), n. [F., fr. L. prologus, fr. Gr. Logic.]
1. The preface or introduction to a discourse, poem, or performance;
as, the prologue of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales;" esp., a discourse or
poem spoken before a dramatic performance
2. One who delivers a prologue. [R.] Shak.
Prologue
Pro"logue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prologued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prologuing.] To introduce with a formal preface, or prologue. [R.]
Shak.
Prolong
Pro*long" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolonged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prolonging.] [F. prolonger, L. prolongare; pro before, forth + longus
long. See Long, a., and cf. Prolongate, Purloin. ]
1. To extend in space or length; as, to prolong a line.
2. To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of; to draw out; to
continue; as, to prolong one's days.
Prolong awhile the traitor's life. Shak.
The unhappy queen with talk prolonged the night. Dryden.
3. To put off to a distant time; to postpone. Shak.
Prolongable
Pro*long"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prolonged; as, life is
prolongable by care.
Each syllable being a prolongable quantity. Rush.
Prolongate
Pro*lon"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolongated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prolongating.] [L. prolongatus, p. p. of prolongare. See Prolong.] To
prolong; to extend in space or in time. [R.]
Prolongation
Pro`lon*ga"tion (?), n. [F. prolongation.]
1. The act of lengthening in space or in time; extension; protraction.
Bacon.
2. That which forms an additional length.
Prolonge
Pro*longe" (?), n. [F. See Prolong.] (Field Artillery) A rope with a
hook and a toggle, sometimes used to drag a gun carriage or to lash it
to the limber, and for various other purposes.
Prolonger
Pro*long"er (?), n. One who, or that which, causes an extension in
time or space.
Prolongment
Pro*long"ment (?), n. Prolongation.
Prolusion
Pro*lu"sion (?), n. [L. prolusio, fr. proludere to prelude; pro before
+ ludere to play: cf. F. prolusion, It. prolusione.] A trial before
the principal performance; a prelude; hence, an introductory essay or
exercise. "Domestic prolusions." Thackeray.
Her presence was in some measure a restraint on the worthy divine,
whose prolusion lasted. Sir W. Scott.
Promanation
Prom`a*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. manatio a flowing, fr. manare
to flow.] The act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.
Promenade
Prom`e*nade" (?), n. [F. (with a foreign suffix), from promener to
lead, take for a walk, se promener to walk, from L. prominare to drive
forward or along; pro forward + minare to drive animals. See Amenable,
Menace.]
1. A walk for pleasure, display, or exercise. Burke.
2. A place for walking; a public walk. Bp. Montagu.
Promenade
Prom`e*nade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Promenaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Promenading.] To walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.
Promenader
Prom`e*nad"er (?), n. One who promenades.
Promerit
Pro*mer"it (?), v. t. [L. promeritus, p. p. of promerere to deserve;
pro before + merere to merit.]
1. To oblige; to confer a favor on. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
2. To deserve; to procure by merit. [Obs.] Davenant.
Promerops
Prom"e*rops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several
species of very brilliant birds belonging to Promerops, Epimarchus,
and allied genera, closely related to the paradise birds, and mostly
native of New Guinea. They have a long curved beak and a long
graduated tail.
Promethea
Pro*me"the*a (?), n. [NL. See Prometheus.] (Zo\'94l.) A large American
bombycid moth (Callosamia promethea). Its larva feeds on the
sassafras, wild cherry, and other trees, and suspends its cocoon from
a branch by a silken band.
Promethean
Pro*me"the*an (?), a. [L. Promethus: cf. F. prom\'82th\'82en.]
1. Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See Prometheus. "Promethean fire."
Shak.
2. Having a life-giving quality; inspiring.
Promethean
Pro*me"the*an (?), n. (Old Chem.) (a) An apparatus for automatic
ignition. (b) A kind of lucifer match.
Prometheus
Pro*me"the*us (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The son of Iapetus
(one of the Titans) and Clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed
all mankind in knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he
gave life by means of fire stolen from heaven. Jupiter, being angry at
this, sent Mercury to bind Prometheus to Mount Caucasus, where a
vulture preyed upon his liver.
Prominence, Prominency
Prom"i*nence (?), Prom"i*nen*cy (?), n. [L. prominentia: cf. F.
prominence. See Prominent. ]
1. The quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from
something; conspicuousness.
2. That which is prominent; a protuberance.
Solar prominences. (Astron.) See Solar Protuberances, under
Protuberance.
Prominent
Prom"i*nent (?), a. [L. prominens, -entis, p. pr. of prominere to jut
out, to project; pro before, forward + minere (in comp.) to jut,
project: cf. F. prominent. See Imminent, Eminent.]
1. Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something;
jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as, a prominent figure on a
vase.
2. Hence; Distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its
size or position; conspicuous; as, a prominent feature of the face; a
prominent building.
3. Eminent; distinguished above others; as, a prominent character.
Prominent' moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth of the family Notodontid\'91; a
notodontian; -- so called because the larva has a hump or prominence
on its back. Several of the species are injurious to fruit trees.
Prominently
Prom"i*nent*ly, adv. In a prominent manner.
Promiscuity
Pro`mis*cu"i*ty (?), n. Promiscuousness; confusion. H. Spencer.
Promiscuous
Pro*mis"cu*ous (?), a. [L. promiscuus; pro before, in place of, for +
miscere to mix. See Mix. ]
1. Consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order;
mingled; confused; undistinguished; as, a promiscuous crowd or mass.
A wild, where weeds and flowers promiscuous shoot. Pope.
2. Distributed or applied without order or discrimination; not
restricted to an individual; common; indiscriminate; as, promiscuous
love or intercourse.
Promiscuously
Pro*mis"cu*ous*ly, adv. In a promiscuous manner.
Promiscuousness
Pro*mis"cu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being promiscuous.
Promise
Prom"ise (?), a. [F. promesse, L. promissum, fr. promittere,
promissum, to put forth, foretell, promise; pro forward, for + mittere
to send. See Mission. ]
1. In general, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to
another, which binds the person who makes it to do, or to forbear to
do, a specified act; a declaration which gives to the person to whom
it is made a right to expect or to claim the performance or
forbearance of a specified act.
For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but
God gave it to Abraham by promise. Gal. iii. 18.
2. (Law) An engagement by one person to another, either in words or in
writing, but properly not under seal, for the performance or
nonperformance of some particular thing. The word promise is used to
denote the mere engagement of a person, without regard to the
consideration for it, or the corresponding duty of the party to whom
it is made. Chitty. Parsons. Burrill.
3. That which causes hope, expectation, or assurance; especially, that
which affords expectation of future distinction; as, a youth of great
promise. Shak.
My native country was full of youthful promise. W. Irving.
4. Bestowal, fulfillment, or grant of what is promised.
He . . . commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem,
but wait for the promise of the Father. Acts i. 4.
Promise
Prom"ise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Promising.]
1. To engage to do, give, make, or to refrain from doing, giving, or
making, or the like; to covenant; to engage; as, to promise a visit;
to promise a cessation of hostilities; to promise the payment of
money. "To promise aid." Shak.
2. To afford reason to expect; to cause hope or assurance of; as, the
clouds promise rain. Milton.
3. To make declaration of or give assurance of, as some benefit to be
conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow; as, the proprietors promised
large tracts of land; the city promised a reward.
Promised land. See Land of promise, under Land. -- To promise one's
self. (a) To resolve; to determine; to vow. (b) To be assured; to have
strong confidence.
I dare promise myself you will attest the truth of all I have
advanced. Rambler.
Promise
Prom"ise, v. i.
1. To give assurance by a promise, or binding declaration.
2. To afford hopes or expectation; to give ground to expect good;
rarely, to give reason to expect evil.
Will not the ladies be afeard of the lion? I fear it, I promise
you. Shak.
Promisee
Prom`is*ee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a promise is made.
Promiser
Prom"is*er (?), n. One who promises.
Promising
Prom"is*ing, a. Making a promise or promises; affording hope or
assurance; as, promising person; a promising day. -- Prom"is*ing*ly,
adv.
Promisor
Prom"is*or (?), n. (Law) One who engages or undertakes; a promiser.
Burrill.
Promissive
Pro*mis"sive (?), a. Making a promise; implying a promise; promising.
[R.]
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Promissorily
Prom"is*so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a promissory manner. Sir T. Browne.
Promissory
Prom"is*so*ry (?), a. Containing a promise or binding declaration of
something to be done or forborne. Promissory note (Law), a written
promise to pay to some person named, and at a time specified therein,
or on demand, or at sight, a certain sum of money, absolutely and at
all events; -- frequently called a note of hand. Kent. Byles. Story.
Promont
Prom"ont (?), n. Promontory. [R.] Drayton.
Promontory
Prom"on*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Promontories (#). [ L. promonturium,
promunturium; pro before + mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. promontoire.
See Mount, n.]
1. (Phys. Geog.) A high point of land or rock projecting into the sea
beyond the line of coast; a headland; a high cape.
Like one that stands upon a promontory. Shak.
2. (Anat.) A projecting part. Especially: (a) The projecting angle of
the ventral side of the sacrum where it joins the last lumbar
vertebra. (b) A prominence on the inner wall of the tympanum of the
ear.
Promerphological
Pro*mer`pho*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to promorphology; as, a
promorphological conception.
Promorphologist
Pro`mor*phol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in the science of
promorphology.
Promorphology
Pro`mor*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Pref. pro- + morphology.] (Biol.)
Crystallography of organic forms; -- a division of morphology created
by Haeckel. It is essentially stereometric, and relates to a
mathematical conception of organic forms. See Tectology.
Promote
Pro*mote" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promoted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Promoting.] [L. promotus, p. p. of promovere to move forward, to
promote; pro forward + movere to move. See Move.]
1. To contribute to the growth, enlargement, or prosperity of (any
process or thing that is in course); to forward; to further; to
encourage; to advance; to excite; as, to promote learning; to promote
disorder; to promote a business venture. "Born to promote all truth."
Milton.
2. To exalt in station, rank, or honor; to elevate; to raise; to
prefer; to advance; as, to promote an officer.
I will promote thee unto very great honor. Num. xxii. 17.
Exalt her, and she shall promote thee. Prov. iv. 18.
Syn. -- To forward; advance; further; patronize; help; exalt; prefer;
elevate; dignify.
Promote
Pro*mote", v. i. To urge on or incite another, as to strife; also, to
inform against a person. [Obs.]
Promoter
Pro*mot"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, forwards, advances, or promotes; an
encourager; as, a promoter of charity or philosophy. Boyle.
2. Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps
in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint-stock
company, or the like.
3. One who excites; as, a promoter of sedition.
4. An informer; a makebate. [Obs.] Tusser.
Promottion
Pro*mot"tion (?), n. [L. promotio: cf. F. promotion.] The act of
promoting, advancing, or encouraging; the act of exalting in rank or
honor; also, the condition of being advanced, encouraged, or exalted
in honor; preferment. Milton.
Promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from
the south. Ps. lxxv. 6.
Promotive
Pro*mo"tive (?), a. Tending to advance, promote, or encourage. Hume.
Promove
Pro*move" (?), v. t. [See Promote.] To move forward; to advance; to
promote. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.
Promover
Pro*mov"er (?), n. A promoter. [Obs.]
Promt
Promt (?; 215), a. [Compar. Prompter (?); superl. Promptest.] [F.
prompt, L. promptus, properly, brought forth (to light or view),
hence, visible, evident, at hand, ready, quick, -- p. p. of promere to
take or bring forth; pro forth + emere to take. See Redeem. ]
1. Ready and quick to act as occasion demands; meeting requirements
readily; not slow, dilatory, or hesitating in decision or action;
responding on the instant; immediate; as, prompt in obedience or
compliance; -- said of persons.
Very discerning and prompt in giving orders. Clarendon.
Tell him I am prompt To lay my crown at's feet. Shak.
Any you, perhaps, too prompt in your replies. Dryden.
2. Done or rendered quickly, readily, or immediately; given without
delay or hesitation; -- said of conduct; as, prompt assistance.
When Washington heard the voice of his country in distress, his
obedience was prompt. Ames.
3. Easy; unobstructed. [Obs.]
The reception of the light into the body of the building was very
prompt. Sir H. Wotton.
Syn. -- Ready; expeditious; quick; agile; alert; brisk; nimble. --
Prompt, Ready, Expeditious. One who is ready is prepared to act at the
moment. One who is prompt acts at the moment. One who is expeditious
carries through an undertaking with constant promptness.
Prompt
Prompt, n. (Com.) A limit of time given for payment of an account for
produce purchased, this limit varying with different goods. See
Prompt-note.
To cover any probable difference of price which might arise before
the expiration of the prompt, which for this article [tea] is three
months. J. S. Mill.
Prompt
Prompt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prompted; p. pr. & vb. n. Prompting.]
1. To assist or induce the action of; to move to action; to instigate;
to incite.
God first . . . prompted on the infirmities of the infant world by
temporal prosperity. Jer. Taylor.
2. To suggest; to dictate.
And whispering angles prompt her golden dreams. Pope.
3. To remind, as an actor or an orator, of words or topics forgotten.
Prompt-book
Prompt"-book` (, n. The book used by a prompter of a theater.
Prompter
Prompt"er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, prompts; one who admonishes or incites to
action.
2. One who reminds another, as an actor or an orator, of the words to
be spoken next; specifically, one employed for this purpose in a
theater.
Promptitude
Prompt"i*tude (?), n. [F., fr. L. promptitudo. See Prompt, a.] The
quality of being prompt; quickness of decision and action when
occasion demands; alacrity; as, promptitude in obedience.
Men of action, of promptitude, and of courage. I. Taylor.
Promptly
Prompt"ly, adv. In a prompt manner.
Promptness
Prompt"ness, n.
1. Promptitude; readiness; quickness of decision or action.
2. Cheerful willingness; alacrity.
Prompt-note
Prompt"-note` (?), n. (Com.) A memorandum of a sale, and time when
payment is due, given to the purchaser at a sale of goods.
Promptuary
Promp"tu*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to preparation. [R.] Bacon.
Promptuary
Promp"tu*a*ry, n. [L. promptuarium, fr. promptuarius belonging to
distribution, distributing: cf, F. promptuaire. See Prompt, a.] That
from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository.
Woodward.
Prompture
Promp"ture (?; 135), n. [See Prompt, a.] Suggestion; incitement;
prompting. [R.] Shak. Coleridge.
Promulgate
Pro*mul"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulgated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Promulgating.] [L. promulgatus, p. p. of promulgare to promulgate; of
unknown origin. Cf. Promulge.] To make known by open declaration, as
laws, decrees, or tidings; to publish; as, to promulgate the secrets
of a council. Syn. -- To publish; declare; proclaim. See Announce.
Promulgation
Pro`mul*ga"tion (?), n. [L. promulgatio: cf. F. promulgation.] The act
of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as, the promulgation
of the gospel. South.
Promulgator
Pro"mul*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] One who promulgates or publishes. Dr. H.
More.
Promulge
Pro*mulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Promulging (?).] [Cf. F. promulguer. See Promulgate.] To promulgate;
to publish or teach. Blackstone.
Extraordinary doctrines these for the age in which they were
promulged. Prescott.
Promulger
Pro*mul"ger (?), n. One who promulges or publishes what was before
unknown. Atterbury.
Promuscis
Pro*mus"cis (?), n. [L., corruption of proboscis.] (Zo\'94l.) The
proboscis of hemipterous insects. See Illust. under Hemiptera.
Pronaos
Pro*na"os (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.) The porch or vestibule of a
temple.
Pronate
Pro"nate (?), a. [L. pronatus, p. p. of pronare to bend forward. See
Prone.] Somewhat prone; inclined; as, pronate trees. Kane.
Pronation
Pro*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pronation.] (Physiol.) (a) The act of
turning the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot downward. (b) That
motion of the forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is turned
downward. (c) The position of the limb resulting from the act of
pronation. Opposed to supination.
Pronator
Pro*na"tor (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) A muscle which produces pronation.
Prone
Prone (?), a. [L. pronus, akin to Gr. pravana sloping, inclined, and
also to L. pro forward, for. See Pro-.]
1. Bending forward; inclined; not erect.
Towards him they bend With awful reverence prone. Milton.
2. Prostrate; flat; esp., lying with the face down; -- opposed to
supine.
Which, as the wind, Blew where it listed, laying all things prone.
Byron.
3. Headlong; running downward or headlong. "Down thither prone in
flight." Milton.
4. Sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined;
not level.
Since the floods demand, For their descent, a prone and sinking
land. Blackmore.
5. Inclined; propense; disposed; -- applied to the mind or affections,
usually in an ill sense. Followed by to. "Prone to mischief." Shak.
Poets are nearly all prone to melancholy. Landor.
Pronely
Prone"ly, adv. In a prone manner or position.
Proneness
Prone"ness, n.
1. The quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as,
the proneness of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man.
2. The state of lying with the face down; -- opposed to supineness.
3. Descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill.
4. Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as,
proneness to self-gratification.
Pronephric
Pro*neph"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pronephros.
Pronephros, Pronephron
Pro*neph"ros (?), Pro*neph"ron (, n. [ NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The head
kidney. See under Head.
Prong
Prong (?), n. [Cf. D. prangen to pinch, press, LG. prange a stick, or
W. procio to thrust, E. prowl, pang.]
1. A sharp-pointed instrument.
Prick it on a prong of iron. Sandys.
2. The tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two
or three prongs.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A sharp projection, as of an antler. (b) The fang of
a tooth.
Prongbuck
Prong"buck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The springbuck. (b) The pronghorn.
Pronged
Pronged (?), a. Having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork;
as, a three-pronged fork.
Prong-hoe
Prong"-hoe` (?), n. A hoe with prongs to break the earth.
Pronghorn
Prong"horn` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An American antelope (Antilocapra
Americana), native of the plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper
parts are mostly yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the
head and throat, and the buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the
horns is shed annually. Called also cabr\'82e, cabut, prongbuck, and
pronghorned antelope.
Pronity
Pro"ni*ty (?), n. [L. pronitas.] Proneness; propensity. [R.] Dr. H.
More.
Pronominal
Pro*nom"i*nal (?), a. [L. pronominalis: cf. F. pronominal. See
Pronoun.] Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun.
Pronominalize
Pro*nom"i*nal*ize (?), v. t. To give the effect of a pronoun to; as,
to pronominalize the substantives person, people, etc. Early.
Pronominally
Pro*nom"i*nal*ly, adv. In a pronominal manner
Prononc\'82
Pro`non`c\'82" (?), a. [F. See Pronounce.] Strongly marked; decided,
as in manners, etc.
Pronotary
Pro*no"ta*ry (?), n. See Prothonotary.
Pronotum
Pro*no"tum (?), n.; pl. Pronota (#). [NL. See Pro-, and Notum.]
(Zo\'94l.) The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. See Illust.
of Coleoptera.
Pronoun
Pro"noun (?), n. [Pref. pro- + noun: cf. F. pronom, L. pronomen. See
Noun.] (Gram.) A word used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the
repetition of it. The personal pronouns in English are I, thou or you,
he, she, it, we, ye, and they.<-- accusatives? me, them, us -->
Pronounce
Pro*nounce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pronounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pronounging (?).] [F. prononcer, L. pronunciare; pro before, forth +
nunciare, nuntiare, to announce. See Announce.]
1. To utter articulately; to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as
words or syllables; to speak with the proper sound and accent as,
adults rarely learn to pronounce a foreign language correctly.
2. To utter officially or solemnly; to deliver, as a decree or
sentence; as, to pronounce sentence of death.
Sternly he pronounced The rigid interdiction. Milton.
3. To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; to recite; as, to
pronounce an oration.
Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you. Shak.
4. To declare or affirm; as, he pronounced the book to be a libel; he
pronounced the act to be a fraud.
The God who hallowed thee and blessed, Pronouncing thee all good.
Keble.
Syn. -- To deliver; utter; speak. See Deliver.
Pronounce
Pro*nounce", v. i.
1. To give a pronunciation; to articulate; as, to pronounce
faultlessly. Earle.
2. To make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with confidence.
[R.] Dr. H. More.
Pronounce
Pro*nounce", n. Pronouncement; declaration; pronunciation. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pronounceable
Pro*nounce"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. L. pronunciabilis declarative.] Capable
of being pronounced.
Pronounced
Pro*nounced" (?), a. [F. prononc\'82.] Strongly marked; unequivocal;
decided.
NOTE: [A Gallicism]
[His] views became every day more pronounced. Thackeray.
Pronouncement
Pro*nounce"ment (?), n. The act of pronouncing; a declaration; a
formal announcement.
Pronouncer
Pro*noun"cer (?), n. One who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a
pronouncing book.
Pronouncing
Pro*noun"cing (?), a. Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as,
a pronouncing dictionary.
Pronubial
Pro*nu"bi*al (?), a. [L. pronuba bridesmaid; pro before + nubere to
marry.] Presiding over marriage. [R.]
Pronucleus
Pro*nu"cle*us (?), n.; pl. Pronuclei (-&imac;). [NL. See Pro-, and
Nucleus.] (Biol.) One of the two bodies or nuclei (called male and
female pronuclei) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus
of an impregnated ovum.
NOTE: &hand; In th e ma turing of th e ov um pr eparatory to
impregnation, a part of the germinal vesicle (see Polar body, under
Polar) becomes converted into a number of small vesicles, which
aggregate themselves into a single clear nucleus. which travels
towards the center of the egg and is called the female pronucleus.
In impregnation, the spermatozo\'94n which enters the egg soon
loses its tail, while the head forms a nucleus, called the male
pronucleus, which gradually travels towards the female pronucleus
and eventually fuses with it, forming the first segmentation
nucleus.
Pronuncial
Pro*nun"cial (?), a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative.
Pronunciamento
Pro*nun`ci*a*men"to (?), n. A proclamation or manifesto; a formal
announcement or declaration.
Pronunciamiento
Pro*nun`ci*a`mi"en"to (?), n. [Sp. See Pronounce.] See Pronunciamento.
Pronunciation
Pro*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n. [F. pronunciation, L. pronunciatio. See
Pronounce.]
1. The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper
sound and accent; utterance; as, the pronunciation of syllables of
words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation.
2. The mode of uttering words or sentences.
3. (Rhet.) The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with
propriety and gracefulness; -- now called delivery. J. Q. Adams.
Pronunciative
Pro*nun"ci*a*tive (?), a. [L. pronunciativus.]
1. Of or pertaining to pronunciation.
2. Uttering confidently; dogmatical. [Obs.] Bacon.
Pronunciator
Pro*nun"ci*a`tor (?), n. [L., a reciter.] One who pronounces; a
pronouncer.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1148
Pronunciatory
Pro*nun"ci*a*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; that
pronounces.
Proof
Proof (?), n. [OF. prove, proeve, F. preuve, fr. L. proba, fr. probare
to prove. See Prove.]
1. Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover
a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.
For whatsoever mother wit or art Could work, he put in proof.
Spenser.
You shall have many proofs to show your skill. Ford.
Formerly, a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits
was practiced, called the proof. Ure.
2. That degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or
fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce,
or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence;
demonstration.
I'll have some proof. Shak.
It is no proof of a man's understanding to be able to confirm
whatever he pleases. Emerson.
NOTE: &hand; Pr operly sp eaking, pr oof is the effect or result of
evidence, evidence is the medium of proof. Cf. Demonstration, 1.
3. The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or
hardness that resists impression, or does not yield to force;
impenetrability of physical bodies.
4. Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.
5. (Print.) A trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or
examination; -- called also proof sheet.
6. (Math.) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation
performed. Cf. Prove, v. t., 5.
7. Armor of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable;
properly, armor of proof. [Obs.] Shak.
Artist's proof, a very early proof impression of an engraving, or the
like; -- often distinguished by the artist's signature. -- Proof
reader, one who reads, and marks correction in, proofs. See def. 5,
above. Syn. -- Testimony; evidence; reason; argument; trial;
demonstration. See Testimony.
Proof
Proof, a.
1. Used in proving or testing; as, a proof load, or proof charge.
2. Firm or successful in resisting; as, proof against harm;
waterproof; bombproof.
I . . . have found thee Proof against all temptation. Milton.
This was a good, stout proof article of faith. Burke.
3. Being of a certain standard as to strength; -- said of alcoholic
liquors.<-- in the United States, "proof" is a measure of alcohol
concentration expressed as percent of the concentration of "proof
spirit" defined below, i.e. a beverage of 100 proof is 50% alcohol by
volume. -->
Proof charge (Firearms), a charge of powder and ball, greater than the
service charge, fired in an arm, as a gun or cannon, to test its
strength. -- Proof impression. See under Impression. -- Proof load
(Engin.), the greatest load than can be applied to a piece, as a beam,
column, etc., without straining the piece beyond the elastic limit. --
Proof sheet. See Proof, n., 5. -- Proof spirit (Chem.), a strong
distilled liquor, or mixture of alcohol and water, containing not less
than a standard amount of alcohol. In the United States "proof spirit
is defined by law to be that mixture of alcohol and water which
contains one half of its volume of alcohol, the alcohol when at a
temperature of 60° Fahrenheit being of specific gravity 0.7939
referred to water at its maximum density as unity. Proof spirit has at
60° Fahrenheit a specific gravity of 0.93353, 100 parts by volume of
the same consisting of 50 parts of absolute alcohol and 53.71 parts of
water," the apparent excess of water being due to contraction of the
liquids on mixture. In England proof spirit is defined by Act 58,
George III., to be such as shall at a temperature of 51° Fahrenheit
weigh exactly the part of an equal measure of distilled water. This
contains 49.3 per cent by weight, or 57.09 by volume, of alcohol.
Stronger spirits, as those of about 60, 70, and 80 per cent of
alcohol, are sometimes called second, third, and fourth proof spirits
respectively. -- Proof staff, a straight-edge used by millers to test
the flatness of a stone. -- Proof stick (Sugar Manuf.), a rod in the
side of a vacuum pan, for testing the consistency of the sirup. --
Proof text, a passage of Scripture used to prove a doctrine. <-- proof
coin or proof, a coin which has been specially struck, to produce the
finest specimen of its type.
NOTE: Usually su ch coins are double-struck from polished dies, and
the raised features are sometimes frosted. They thus have sharper
features and more mirror-like fields than production coins (i.e.
those coins struck for circulation); they are considered by coin
collectors as the most desirable specimens of each coin, and
usually sell at a premium to their corresponding production coins.
-->
Proof-arm
Proof`-arm" (?), v. t. To arm with proof armor; to arm securely; as,
to proof-arm herself. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
Proofless
Proof"less, a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not
proved. Boyle. -- Proof"less*ly, adv.
Proof-proof
Proof"-proof`, a. Proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong. "That
might have shown to any one who was not proof-proof." Whateley.
Pro\'94stracum
Pro*\'94s"tra*cum (?), n.; pl. Pro\'94straca (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone
of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, whether horny or
calcareous. See Illust. of Phragmocone.
Pro\'94tic
Pro*\'94"tic (?), a. [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Anat.) In front of the
auditory capsule; -- applied especially to a bone, or center of
ossification, in the periotic capsule. -- n. A pro\'94tic bone.
Prop
Prop (?), n. A shell, used as a die. See Props.
Prop
Prop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Propping.]
[Akin to LG. & D. proppen to cram, stuff, thrust into, stop, G.
pfropfen, Dan. proppe, Sw. proppa; of uncertain origin, cf. G.
pfropfen to graft, fr. L. propago set, layer of a plant, slip, shoot.
Cf. 3d. Prop, Propagate.] To support, or prevent from falling, by
placing something under or against; as, to prop up a fence or an old
building; (Fig.) to sustain; to maintain; as, to prop a declining
state. Shak.
Till the bright mountains prop the incumbent sky. Pope.
For being not propp'd by ancestry. Shak.
I prop myself upon those few supports that are left me. Pope.
Prop
Prop, n. [Akin to LG., D., & Dan. prop stopple, stopper, cork, Sw.
propp, G. pfropf. See Prop, v.] That which sustains an incumbent
weight; that on which anything rests or leans for support; a support;
a stay; as, a prop for a building. "Two props of virtue." Shak.
Prop\'91deutic, Prop\'91deutical
Pro`p\'91*deu"tic (?), Pro`p\'91*deu"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of,
pertaining to, or conveying, preliminary instruction; introductory to
any art or science; instructing beforehand.
Prop\'91deutics
Pro`p\'91*deu"tics (?), n. The preliminary learning connected with any
art or science; preparatory instruction.
Propagable
Prop"a*ga*ble (?), a. [See Propagate.]
1. Capable of being propagated, or of being continued or multiplied by
natural generation or production.
2. Capable of being spread or extended by any means; -- said of
tenets, doctrines, or principles.
Propaganda
Prop`a*gan"da (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. L. de propaganda fide: cf. F.
propagande. See Propagate.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A congregation of cardinals, established in 1622,
charged with the management of missions. (b) The college of the
Propaganda, instituted by Urban VIII. (1623-1644) to educate priests
for missions in all parts of the world.
2. Hence, any organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine
or a system of principles.
Propagandism
Prop`a*gan"dism (?), n. [Cf. F. propagandisme.] The art or practice of
propagating tenets or principles; zeal in propagating one's opinions.
Propagandist
Prop`a*gan"dist (?), n. [Cf. F. propagandiste.] A person who devotes
himself to the spread of any system of principles. "Political
propagandists." Walsh. <-- propagandize. To spread one's beliefs.
Often used in a negative sense, meaning to deliberately make
misleading or false statements so as to convert others to one's
beliefs, or to convince others to vote for a particular political
candidate. -->
Propagate
Prop"a*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propagated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Propagating.] [L. propagatus, p. p. of propagare to propagate, akin to
propages, propago, a layer of a plant, slip, shoot. See Pro-, and cf.
Pact, Prop, Prune, v. t.]
1. To cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive
production; -- applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a breed
of horses or sheep; to propagate a species of fruit tree.
2. To cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in
space; as, to propagate sound or light.
3. To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to
originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate;
as, to propagate a story or report; to propagate the Christian
religion.
The infection was propagated insensibly. De Foe.
4. To multiply; to increase. [Obs.]
Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast, Which thou wilt
propagate. Shak.
5. To generate; to produce.
Motion propagated motion, and life threw off life. De Quincey.
Syn. -- To multiply; continue; increase; spread; diffuse; disseminate;
promote.
Propagate
Prop"a*gate, v. i. To have young or issue; to be produced or
multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants; as, rabbits
propagate rapidly.
No need that thou Should'st propagate, already infinite. Milton.
Propagation
Prop`a*ga"tion (?), n. [L. propagatio: cf. F. propagation.]
1. The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind
by generation or successive production; as, the propagation of animals
or plants.
There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by
propagation. Ray.
2. The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion;
dissemination; as, the propagation of sound; the propagation of the
gospel. Bacon.
Propagative
Prop"a*ga*tive (?), a. Producing by propagation, or by a process of
growth.
Propagator
Prop"a*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. propagateur.] One who propagates;
one who continues or multiplies.
Propagulum
Pro*pag"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Propagula (#). [NL. See Propagate.] (Bot.)
A runner terminated by a germinating bud.
Propane
Pro"pane (?), n. [Propyl + methane.] (Chem.) A heavy gaseous
hydrocarbon, C3H8, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally
dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially; -- called
also propyl hydride.
Propargyl
Pro*par"gyl (?), n. [Propinyl + Gr. -yl. So called because one
hydrogen atom may be replaced by silver.] (Chem.) Same as Propinyl.
Proparoxytone
Pro`par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. Pro-, and Paroxytone.] (Gr. Gram.) A
word which has the acute accent on the antepenult.
Proped
Pro"ped (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Proleg.
Propel
Pro*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Propelling.] [L. propellere, propulsum; pro forward + pellere to
drive. See Pulse a beating.] To drive forward; to urge or press onward
by force; to move, or cause to move; as, the wind or steam propels
ships; balls are propelled by gunpowder.
Propeller
Pro*pel"ler (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, propels.
2. A contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of
a screw placed in the stern under water, and made to revolve by an
engine; a propeller wheel. <-- (b) an analogous device, rotated by an
engine at high speed to provide the forward thrust which propels an
airplane through the atmosphere. On each engine is a propeller
consisting of a set of at least two elongated blades attached
symmetrically to a central rotor. -->
3. A steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer.
Propeller wheel,the screw, usually having two or more blades, used in
propelling a vessel.<-- propeller blade, the elongated part of an
airplane propeller -->
Propend
Pro*pend" (?), v. i. [L. propendere, propensum; pro forward, forth +
pendere to hang. See Pendent.] To lean toward a thing; to be favorably
inclined or disposed; to incline; to tend. [R.] Shak.
We shall propend to it, as a stone falleth down. Barrow.
Propendency
Pro*pend"en*cy (?), n.
1. Propensity. [R.]
2. Attentive deliberation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
Propendent
Pro*pend"ent (?), a. [L. propendens, p. pr.] Inclining forward or
toward. South.
Propene
Pro"pene (?), n. [Propyl + ethylene.] (Chem.) Same as Propylene.
Propense
Pro*pense" (?) a. [L. propensus, p. p. See Propend.] Leaning toward,
in a moral sense; inclined; disposed; prone; as, women propense to
holiness. Hooker. -- Pro*pense"ly, adv. -- Pro*pense"ness, n.
Propension
Pro*pen"sion (?), n. [L. propensio: cf. F. propension. See Propend,
Propense.] The quality or state of being propense; propensity. M.
Arnold.
Your full consent Gave wings to my propension. Shak.
Propensity
Pro*pen"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Propensities (. The quality or state of
being propense; natural inclination; disposition to do good or evil;
bias; bent; tendency. "A propensity to utter blasphemy." Macaulay.
Syn. -- Disposition; bias; inclination; proclivity; proneness; bent;
tendency.
Propenyl
Pro"pe*nyl (?), n. [Propene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon
radical, C3H5, isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the
essential residue of glycerin. Cf. Allyl, and Glyceryl.
Propepsin
Pro*pep"sin (?), n. [Pref. pro- + pepsin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See
Persinogen.
Propeptone
Pro*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. pro- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone,
identical with hemialbumose.
Proper
Prop"er (?), a. [OE. propre, F. propre, fr. L. proprius. Cf.
Appropriate.]
1. Belonging to one; one's own; individual. "His proper good" [i. e.,
his own possessions]. Chaucer. "My proper son." Shak.
Now learn the difference, at your proper cost, Betwixt true valor
and an empty boast. Dryden.
2. Belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not
common; particular; as, every animal has his proper instincts and
appetites.
Those high and peculiar attributes . . . which constitute our
proper humanity. Coleridge.
3. Befitting one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect;
appropriate; right; fit; decent; as, water is the proper element for
fish; a proper dress.
The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.
In Athens all was pleasure, mirth, and play, All proper to the
spring, and sprightly May. Dryden.
4. Becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome. [Archaic] "Thou art
a proper man." Chaucer.
Moses . . . was hid three months of his parents, because they saw
he was a proper child. Heb. xi. 23.
5. Pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; not
appellative; -- opposed to common; as, a proper name; Dublin is the
proper name of a city.
6. Rightly so called; strictly considered; as, Greece proper; the
garden proper.
7. (Her.) Represented in its natural color; -- said of any object used
as a charge.
In proper, individually; privately. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Proper
flower OR corolla (Bot.), one of the single florets, or corollets, in
an aggregate or compound flower. -- Proper fraction (Arith.) a
fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator. --
Proper nectary (Bot.), a nectary separate from the petals and other
parts of the flower. -- Proper noun (Gram.), a name belonging to an
individual, by which it is distinguished from others of the same
class; -- opposed to common noun; as, John, Boston, America. -- Proper
perianth OR involucre (Bot.), that which incloses only a single
flower. -- Proper receptacle (Bot.), a receptacle which supports only
a single flower or fructification.
Proper
Prop"er, adv. Properly; hence, to a great degree; very; as, proper
good. [Colloq & Vulgar]
Properate
Prop"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. properatus, p. p. of properare to
hasten.] To hasten, or press forward. [Obs.]
Properation
Prop`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. properatio.] The act of hastening; haste.
[Obs.] T. Adams.
Properispome
Pro*per"i*spome (?), n. (Gr. Gram.) Properispomenon.
Properispomenon
Pro*per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Properispomena (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
Perispomenon.] (Gr. Gram.) A word which has the circumflex accent on
the penult.
Properly
Prop"er*ly (?), adv.
1. In a proper manner; suitably; fitly; strictly; rightly; as, a word
properly applied; a dress properly adjusted. Milton.
2. Individually; after one's own manner. [Obs.]
Now, harkeneth, how I bare me properly. Chaucer.
Properness
Prop"er*ness, n.
1. The quality of being proper.
2. Tallness; comeliness. [Obs.] Udall.
Propertied
Prop"er*tied (?), a. Possessing property; holding real estate, or
other investments of money. "The propertied and satisfied classes." M.
Arnold.
Property
Prop"er*ty (?), n.; pl. Properties (#). [OE. proprete, OF. propret\'82
property, F. propret\'82 neatness, cleanliness, propri\'82t\'82
property, fr. L. proprietas. See Proper, a., and cf. Propriety.]
1. That which is proper to anything; a peculiar quality of a thing;
that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; an
attribute; as, sweetness is a property of sugar.
Property is correctly a synonym for peculiar quality; but it is
frequently used as coextensive with quality in general. Sir W.
Hamilton.
NOTE: &hand; In ph ysical sc ience, th e pr operties of matter are
distinguished to the three following classes: 1. Physical
properties, or those which result from the relations of bodies to
the physical agents, light, heat, electricity, gravitation,
cohesion, adhesion, etc., and which are exhibited without a change
in the composition or kind of matter acted on. They are color,
luster, opacity, transparency, hardness, sonorousness, density,
crystalline form, solubility, capability of osmotic diffusion,
vaporization, boiling, fusion, etc. 2. Chemical properties, or
those which are conditioned by affinity and composition; thus,
combustion, explosion, and certain solutions are reactions
occasioned by chemical properties. Chemical properties are
identical when there is identity of composition and structure, and
change according as the composition changes. 3. Organoleptic
properties, or those forming a class which can not be included in
either of the other two divisions. They manifest themselves in the
contact of substances with the organs of taste, touch, and smell,
or otherwise affect the living organism, as in the manner of
medicines and poisons.
2. An acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art, or
bestowed by man; as, the poem has the properties which constitute
excellence.
3. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a
thing; ownership; title.
Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of
blood. Shak.
Shall man assume a property in man? Wordsworth.
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4. That to which a person has a legal title, whether in his possession
or not; thing owned; an estate, whether in lands, goods, or money; as,
a man of large property, or small property.
5. pl. All the adjuncts of a play except the scenery and the dresses
of the actors; stage requisites.
I will draw a bill of properties. Shak.
6. Propriety; correctness. [Obs.] Camden.
Literary property. (Law) See under Literary. -- Property man<-- or
prop man -->, one who has charge of the "properties" of a theater.
Property
Prop"er*ty (?), v. t.
1. To invest which properties, or qualities. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To make a property of; to appropriate. [Obs.]
They have here propertied me. Shak.
Prophane
Pro*phane" (?), a. & v. t. See Profane. [Obs.]
Prophasis
Proph"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pro-, and Phasis.] (Med.)
Foreknowledge of a disease; prognosis.
Prophecy
Proph"e*cy (?), n.; pl. Prophecies (#), [OE. prophecie, OF. profecie,
F. proph\'82tie, L. prophetia, fr. Gr. , fr. Prophet.]
1. A declaration of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction;
esp., an inspired foretelling.
He hearkens after prophecies and dreams. Shak.
Prophecy came not in old time by the will of man. 2. Pet. i. 21.
2. (Script.) A book of prophecies; a history; as, the prophecy of
Ahijah. 2 Chron. ix. 29.
3. Public interpretation of Scripture; preaching; exhortation or
instruction.
Prophesier
Proph"e*si`er (?), n. A prophet. Shak.
Prophesy
Proph"e*sy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prophesied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prophesying (?).] [See Prophecy.]
1. To foretell; to predict; to prognosticate.
He doth not prophesy good concerning me. 1 Kings xxii. 8.
Then I perceive that will be verified Henry the Fifth did sometime
prophesy. Shak.
2. To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.
Methought thy very gait did prophesy A royal nobleness; I must
embrace thee. Shak.
Prophesy
Proph"e*sy, v. i.
1. To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come.
Matt. xv. 7.
2. To give instruction in religious matters; to interpret or
explain Scripture or religious subjects; to preach; to exhort; to
expound. Ezek. xxxvii. 7.
Prophet
Proph"et (?), n. [F. proph\'8ate, L. propheta, fr. Gr. Fame. ]
1. One who prophesies, or foretells events; a predicter; a
foreteller.
2. One inspired or instructed by God to speak in his name, or
announce future events, as, Moses, Elijah, etc.
3. An interpreter; a spokesman. [R.] Ex. vii. 1.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A mantis.
School of the prophets (Anc. Jewish Hist.), a school or college in
which young men were educated and trained for public teachers or
members of the prophetic order. These students were called sons of the
prophets.
Prophetess
Proph"et*ess, n. [Cf. F. proph\'82tesse, L. prophetissa.] A female
prophet.
Prophetic, Prophetical
Pro*phet"ic (?), Pro*phet"ic*al (?), a. [L. propheticus, Gr.
proph\'82tique.] Containing, or pertaining to, prophecy; foretelling
events; as, prophetic writings; prophetic dreams; -- used with of
before the thing foretold.
And fears are oft prophetic of the event. Dryden.
Propheticality
Pro*phet`ic*al"i*ty (?), n. Propheticalness.
Prophetically
Pro*phet"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a prophetical manner; by way of
prediction.
Propheticalness
Pro*phet"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being prophetical;
power or capacity to foretell.
Prophetize
Proph"et*ize (?), v. i. [L. prophetizare, Gr. proph\'82tiser. Cf.
Prophesy.] To give predictions; to foreshow events; to prophesy. [R.]
"Prophetizing dreams." Daniel.
Prophoric
Pro*phor"ic (?), a. [Gr. Enunciative. [R.]
Prophragma
Pro*phrag"ma (?), n.; pl. Prophragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
An internal dorsal chitinous process between the first two divisions
of the thorax of insects.
Prophylactic
Proph`y*lac"tic (?), n. [Cf. F. prophylactique.] (Med.) A medicine
which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.
Prophylactic, Prophylactical
Proph`y*lac"tic (?), Proph`y*lac"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. prophylactique.]
(Med.) Defending or preserving from disease; preventive. Coxe.
Prophylaxis
Proph`y*lax"is (?), n. [NL. See Prophylactic.] (Med.) The art of
preserving from, or of preventing, disease; the observance of the
rules necessary for the preservation of health; preservative or
preventive treatment.
Propice
Pro*pice" (?), a. [OE., fr. F. propice, See Propitious.] Fit;
propitious. [Obs.] E. Hall.
Propidene
Pro"pi*dene (?), n. [Propyl + ethylidene.] (Chem.) The unsymmetrical
hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, CH3.CH2.CH, analogous to ethylidene,
and regarded as the type of certain derivatives of propane; -- called
also propylidene.
Propination
Prop`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. propinatio. See Propine.] The act of
pledging, or drinking first, and then offering the cup to another.
[Obs.] Abp. Potter.
Propine
Pro*pine" (?), v. t. [L. propinare, Gr.
1. To pledge; to offer as a toast or a health in the manner of
drinking, that is, by drinking first and passing the cup. [Obs.]
The lovely sorceress mixed, and to the prince Health, peace, and
joy propined. C. Smart.
2. Hence, to give in token of friendship. [Obs.]
3. To give, or deliver; to subject. [Obs.] Fotherby.
Propine
Pro*pine" (?), n.
1. A pledge. [Obs. or Scot.]
2. A gift; esp., drink money. [Obs or Scot.]
Propine
Pro"pine (?), n. [Propyl + ethine.] (Chem.) Same as Allylene.
Propinquity
Pro*pin"qui*ty (?), n. [L. propinquitas, from propinquus near,
neighboring, from prope near.]
1. Nearness in place; neighborhood; proximity.
2. Nearness in time. Sir T. Browne.
3. Nearness of blood; kindred; affinity. Shak.
Propinyl
Pro"pi*nyl (?), n. [Propine + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical
regarded as an essential residue of propine and allied compounds.
Propiolate
Pro"pi*o*late (?), n. A salt of propiolic acid.
Propiolic
Pro`pi*ol"ic (?), a. [Propionic + tetrolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an organic acid (called also propargylic acid) of the
acetylene or tetrolic series, analogous to propionic acid, and
obtained as a white crystalline substance.<-- also called 2-propynoic
acid, and acetylenecarboxylic acid. C3H2O2, CH.C.COOH -->
Propionate
Pro"pi*o*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of propionic acid.
Propione
Pro"pi*one (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a
colorless fragrant liquid.
Propionic
Pro`pi*on"ic (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. pi`wn fat.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is produced in the
distillation of wood, in the fermentation of various organic
substances, as glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and is obtained as a
colorless liquid having a sharp, pungent odor. Propionic acid is so
called because it is the first or lowest member of the fatty acid
series whose salts have a fatty feel.
Propionyl
Pro"pi*o*nyl (?), n. (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C3H5O, regarded
as the essential residue of propionic acid and certain related
compounds.
Propithecus
Prop`i*the"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus including the
long-tailed, or diadem, indris. See Indris.
Propitiable
Pro*pi"ti*a*ble (?), a. [L. propitiabilis.] Capable of being
propitiated.
Propitiate
Pro*pi"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propitiated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Propitiating.] [L. propitiatus, p. p. of propitiare to propitiate,
fr. propitius favorable. See Propitious.] To appease to render
favorable; to make propitious; to conciliate.
Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage, The god propitiate, and
the pest assuage. Pope.
Propitiate
Pro*pi"ti*ate, v. i. To make propitiation; to atone.
Propitiation
Pro*pi`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. propitiatio: cf. F. propitiation.]
1. The act of appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an
offended person; the act of making propitious.
2. (Theol.) That which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice;
specifically, the influence or effects of the death of Christ in
appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor.
He [Jesus Christ] is the propitiation for our sins. 1 John ii. 2.
Propitiator
Pro*pi"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who propitiates or appeases.
Propitiatorily
Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of propitiation.
Propitiatory
Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. propitiatorius: cf. F. propitiatoire.]
Having the power to make propitious; pertaining to, or employed in,
propitiation; expiatory; as, a propitiatory sacrifice. Sharp.
Propitiatory
Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry, n. [L. propitiatorium.] (Jewish Antiq.) The mercy
seat; -- so called because a symbol of the propitiated Jehovah. Bp.
Pearson.
Propitious
Pro*pi"tious (?), a. [L. propitius, perhaps originally a term of
augury meaning, flying forward (pro) or well; cf. Skr. pat to fly, E.
petition, feather.]
1. Convenient; auspicious; favorable; kind; as, a propitious season; a
propitious breeze.
2. Hence, kind; gracious; merciful; helpful; -- said of a person or a
divinity. Milton.
And now t' assuage the force of this new flame, And make thee
[Love] more propitious in my need. Spenser.
Syn. -- Auspicious; favorable; kind. -- Propitious, Auspicious.
Auspicious (from the ancient idea of auspices, or omens) denotes
"indicative of success," or "favored by incidental occurrences;" as,
an auspicious opening; an auspicious event. Propitious denotes that
which efficaciously protect us in some undertaking, speeds our
exertions, and decides our success; as, propitious gales; propitious
influences. -- Pro*pi"tious*ly, adv. -- Pro*pi"tious*ness, n.
Proplasm
Pro"plasm (?), n. [L. proplasma, Gr. A mold; a matrix. [R.] Woodward.
Proplastic
Pro*plas"tic (?), a. Forming a mold.
Proplastics
Pro*plas"tics (?), n. The art of making molds for castings. [R.]
Propleg
Prop"leg` (?), n. [So called because it props up or supports the
body.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Proleg.
Propodial
Pro*po"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the propodialia, or
the parts of the limbs to which they belong.
Propodiale
Pro*po`di*a"le (?), n.; pl. Propodialia. (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
The bone of either the upper arm or the thing, the propodialia being
the humerus and femur.
Propodite
Prop"o*dite (?), n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The sixth joint of a
typical leg of a crustacean; usually, the penultimate joint.
Propodium
Pro*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Propodia (#). [NL. See Propodiale.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The anterior portion of the foot of a mollusk. (b) The
segment which forms the posterior part of the thorax of a
hymenopterous insect. [Written also propodeum.]
Propolis
Pro"po*lis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Same as Bee glue, under Bee.
Propone
Pro*pone" (?), v. t. [L. proponere to propose. See Propound.] To
propose; to bring forward.
Proponent
Pro*po"nent (?), a. [L. proponens, p. pr.] Making proposals;
proposing.
Proponent
Pro*po"nent, n.
1. One who makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition. Dryden.
2. (Law) The propounder of a thing.
Proportion
Pro*por"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before + portio part
or share. See Portion.]
1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or to the
whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree; comparative
relation; ratio; as, the proportion of the parts of a building, or of
the body.
The image of Christ, made after his own proportion. Ridley.
Formed in the best proportions of her sex. Sir W. Scott.
Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely in proportion
to the support which they afford to his theory. Macaulay.
2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different things of the
same kind; symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; as, to be
out of proportion. "Let us prophesy according to the proportion of
faith." Rom. xii. 6.
3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or
principle; equal or proper share; lot.
Let the women . . . do the same things in their proportions and
capacities. Jer. Taylor.
4. A part considered comparatively; a share.
5. (Math.) (a) The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of
geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities such that the
quotient of the first divided by the second is equal to that of the
third divided by the fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in
distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in which the
difference of the first and second is equal to the difference of the
third and fourth.
NOTE: &hand; Pr oportion in th e ma thematical se nse differs from
ratio. Ratio is the relation of two quantities of the same kind, as
the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8 to 16. Proportion is the
sameness or likeness of two such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to
16; that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16.
Hence, such numbers are said to be in proportion. Proportion is
expressed by symbols thus: a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d, or a/b = c/d.
(b) The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three given terms,
together with the one sought, are proportional. Continued proportion,
Inverse proportion, etc. See under Continued, Inverse, etc. --
Harmonical, OR Musical, proportion, a relation of three or four
quantities, such that the first is to the last as the difference
between the first two is to the difference between the last two; thus,
2, 3, 6, are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus,
24, 16, 12, 9, are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3. -- In proportion,
according as; to the degree that. "In proportion as they are
metaphysically true, they are morally and politically false." Burke.
Proportion
Pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proportioning.] [Cf. F. proportionner. Cf. Proportionate, v.]
1. To adjust in a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to
another; as, to proportion the size of a building to its height; to
proportion our expenditures to our income.
In the loss of an object we do not proportion our grief to the real
value . . . but to the value our fancies set upon it. Addison.
2. To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.
Nature had proportioned her without any fault. Sir P. Sidney.
3. To divide into equal or just shares; to apportion.
Proportionable
Pro*por"tion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being proportioned, or made
proportional; also, proportional; proportionate. --
Pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness, n.
But eloquence may exist without a proportionable degree of wisdom.
Burke.
Proportionable, which is no longer much favored, was of our [i. e.,
English writers'] own coining. Fitzed. Hall.
Proportionably
Pro*por"tion*a*bly, adv. Proportionally. Locke.
Proportional
Pro*por"tion*al (?), a. [L. proportionalis: cf. F. proportionnel.]
1. Having a due proportion, or comparative relation; being in suitable
proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are proportional.
Milton.
2. Relating to, or securing, proportion. Hutton.
3. (Math.) Constituting a proportion; having the same, or a constant,
ratio; as, proportional quantities; momentum is proportional to
quantity of matter. Proportional logarithms, logistic logarithms. See
under Logistic. -- Proportional scale, a scale on which are marked
parts proportional to the logarithms of the natural numbers; a
logarithmic scale. -- Proportional scales, compasses, dividers, etc.
(Draughting), instruments used in making copies of drawings, or
drawings of objects, on an enlarged or reduced scale.
Proportional
Pro*por"tion*al, n.
1. (Math.) Any number or quantity in a proportion; as, a mean
proportional.
2. (Chem.) The combining weight or equivalent of an element. [Obs.]
Proportionality
Pro*por`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. proportionnalit\'82.] The state
of being in proportion. Coleridge.
Proportionally
Pro*por"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In proportion; in due degree; adapted
relatively; as, all parts of the building are proportionally large.
Sir I. Newton.
Proportionate
Pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. [L. proportionatus. See Proportion.] Adjusted
to something else according to a proportion; proportional. Longfellow.
What is proportionate to his transgression. Locke.
Proportionate
Pro*por"tion*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportionated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Proportionating.] [Cf. Proportion, v.] To make proportional; to
adjust according to a settled rate, or to due comparative relation; to
proportion; as, to proportionate punishment to crimes.
Proportionately
Pro*por"tion*ate*ly (, adv. In a proportionate manner; with due
proportion; proportionally.
Proportionateness
Pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being proportionate.
Sir M. Hale.
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Page 1150
Proportionless
Pro*por"tion*less (?), a. Without proportion; unsymmetrical.
Proportionment
Pro*por"tion*ment (?), n. The act or process of dividing out
proportionally.
Proposal
Pro*pos"al (?), n. [From Propose.]
1. That which is proposed, or propounded for consideration or
acceptance; a scheme or design; terms or conditions proposed; offer;
as, to make proposals for a treaty of peace; to offer proposals for
erecting a building; to make proposals of marriage. "To put forth
proposals for a book." Macaulay.
2. (Law) The offer by a party of what he has in view as to an intended
business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.
Syn. -- Proffer; tender; overture. See Proposition.
Propose
Pro*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proposing.] [F. proposer; pref. pro- (L. pro for, forward) + poser to
place. See Pose, v.]
1. To set forth. [Obs.]
That being proposed brimfull of wine, one scarce could lift it up.
Chapman.
2. To offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption;
as, to propose terms of peace; to propose a question for discussion;
to propose an alliance; to propose a person for office.
3. To set before one's self or others as a purpose formed; hence, to
purpose; to intend.
I propose to relate, in several volumes, the history of the people
of New England. Palfrey.
To propose to one's self, to intend; to design.
Propose
Pro*pose", v. i.
1. To speak; to converse. [Obs.]
There shalt thou find my cousin Beatrice, Proposing with the prince
and Claudio. Shak.
2. To form or declare a purpose or intention; to lay a scheme; to
design; as, man proposes, but God disposes.
3. To offer one's self in marriage.
Propose
Pro*pose", n. [F. propos, L. propositum. See Propound, Purpose, n.]
Talk; discourse. [Obs.] Shak.
Proposer
Pro*pos"er (?), n.
1. One who proposes or offers anything for consideration or adoption.
2. A speaker; an orator. [Obs.] Shak.
Proposition
Prop`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. propositio: cf. F. proposition. See
Propound.]
1. The act of setting or placing before; the act of offering.
"Oblations for the altar of proposition." Jer. Taylor.
2. That which is proposed; that which is offered, as for
consideration, acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; as, the enemy made
propositions of peace; his proposition was not accepted.
3. A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed; as,
the propositions of Wyclif and Huss.
Some persons . . . change their propositions according as their
temporal necessities or advantages do turn. Jer. Taylor.
4. (Gram. & Logic) A complete sentence, or part of a sentence
consisting of a subject and predicate united by a copula; a thought
expressed or propounded in language; a from of speech in which a
predicate is affirmed or denied of a subject; as, snow is white.
5. (Math.) A statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated, or of
an operation to be performed.
NOTE: &hand; It is ca lled a th eorem when it is something to be
proved, and a problem when it is something to be done.
6. (Rhet.) That which is offered or affirmed as the subject of the
discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.
7. (Poetry) The part of a poem in which the author states the subject
or matter of it.
Leaves of proposition (Jewish Antiq.), the showbread. Wyclif (Luke vi.
4). Syn. -- Proposal; offer; statement; declaration. -- Proposition,
Proposal. These words are both from the Latin verb proponere, to set
forth, and as here compared they mark different forms or stages of a
negotiation. A proposition is something presented for discussion or
consideration; as, propositions of peace. A proposal is some definite
thing offered by one party to be accepted or rejected by the other. If
the proposition is favorably received, it is usually followed by
proposals which complete the arrangement.
Propositional
Prop`o*si"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or in the nature of, a
proposition; considered as a proposition; as, a propositional sense.
I. Watts.
Propound
Pro*pound" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Propounding.] [From earlier propone, L. proponere, propositum, to set
forth, propose, propound; pro for, before + ponere to put. See
Position, and cf. Provost.]
1. To offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose; as, to propound
a question; to propound an argument. Shak.
And darest thou to the Son of God propound To worship thee,
accursed? Milton.
It is strange folly to set ourselves no mark, to propound no end,
in the hearing of the gospel. Coleridge.
2. (Eccl.) To propose or name as a candidate for admission to
communion with a church.
Propounder
Pro*pound"er (?), n. One who propounds, proposes, or offers for
consideration. Chillingworth.
Propretor
Pro*pre"tor (?), n. [L. propraetor; pro for, before + praetor a
pretor.] (Rom. Antiq.) A magistrate who, having been pretor at home,
was appointed to the government of a province. [Written also
propr\'91tor.]
Proprietary
Pro*pri"e*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Proprietaries (#). [L. proprietarius: cf.
F. propri\'82taire. See Propriety, and cf. Proprietor.]
1. A proprietor or owner; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one
who possesses, or holds the title to, a thing in his own right.
Fuller.
2. A body proprietors, taken collectively.
3. (Eccl.) A monk who had reserved goods and effects to himself,
notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of profession.
Proprietary
Pro*pri"e*ta*ry, a. [L. proprietarius.] Belonging, or pertaining, to a
proprietor; considered as property; owned; as, proprietary medicine.
Proprietary articles, manufactured articles which some person or
persons have exclusive right to make and sell. U. S. Statutes.
Proprietor
Pro*pri"e*tor (?), n. [For older proprietary: cf. F. propri\'82tarie.]
One who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything, whether in
possession or not; an owner; as, the proprietor of farm or of a mill.
Proprietorial
Pro*pri`e*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary;
as, proprietorial rights.
Proprietorship
Pro*pri"e*tor*ship (?), n. The state of being proprietor; ownership.
Proprietress
Pro*pri"e*tress (?), n. A female proprietor.
Propriety
Pro*pri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Proprieties (#). [F. propri\'82t\'82, L.
proprietas, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Property, Proper.]
1. Individual right to hold property; ownership by personal title;
property. [Obs.] "Onles this propriety be exiled." Robynson (More's
Utopia).
So are the proprieties of a wife to be disposed of by her lord, and
yet all are for her provisions, it being a part of his need to
refresh and supply hers. Jer. Taylor.
2. That which is proper or peculiar; an inherent property or quality;
peculiarity. [Obs.] Bacon.
We find no mention hereof in ancient zo\'94graphers, . . . who
seldom forget proprieties of such a nature. Sir T. Browne.
3. The quality or state of being proper; suitableness to an
acknowledged or correct standard or rule; consonance with established
principles, rules, or customs; fitness; appropriateness; as, propriety
of behavior, language, manners, etc. "The rule of propriety," Locke.
Proproctor
Pro*proc"tor (?), n. [Pref. pro- + proctor.] [Eng. Univ.] A assistant
proctor. Hook.
Props
Props (?), n. pl. A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each
called a prop, are used instead of dice.
Propterygium
Prop`te*ryg"i*um (?), n; pl. Propterygia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
The anterior of three principal cartilages in the fins of some fishes.
-- Prop`ter*yg"i*al (#), a.
Propugn
Pro*pugn" (?), v. t. [L. propugnare; pro for + pugnare to fight.] To
contend for; to defend; to vindicate. [Obs.] Hammond.
Propugnacle
Pro*pug"na*cle (?), n. [L. propugnaculum.] A fortress. [Obs.] Howell.
Propugnation
Pro`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. propugnatio.] Means of defense; defense.
[Obs.] Shak.
Propugner
Pro*pugn"er (?), n. A defender; a vindicator. "Zealous propugners."
Gov. of Tongue.
Propulsation
Pro`pul*sa"tion (?), n. [L. propulsatio. See Propulse.] The act of
driving away or repelling; a keeping at a distance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Propulse
Pro*pulse" (?), v. t. [L. propulsare, v. intens. from propellere to
propel. See Propel.] To repel; to drive off or away. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
Propulsion
Pro*pul"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. propulsion. See Propel.]
1. The act driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling;
as, steam propulsion.
2. An impelling act or movement.
God works in all things; all obey His first propulsion. Whittier.
Propulsive
Pro*pul"sive (?), a. Tending, or having power, to propel; driving on;
urging. "[The] propulsive movement of the verse." Coleridge.
Propulsory
Pro*pul"so*ry (?), a. Propulsive.
Propyl
Pro"pyl (?), n. [Propionic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical
C3H7, regarded as the essential residue of propane and related
compounds.
Propyl\'91um
Prop`y*l\'91"um (?), n.; pl. Propyl\'91a (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Anc.
Classical Arch.) Any court or vestibule before a building or leading
into any inclosure.
Propylene
Pro"pyl*ene (?), n. [Cf. F. propyl\'8ane.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous
hydrocarbon (C3H6) of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. It
occurs in coal gas, and is produced artificially in various ways.
Called also propene.
Propylic
Pro*pyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
propyl; as, propylic alcohol.
Propylidene
Pro*pyl"i*dene (?), n. (Chem.) See Propidene.
Propylon
Prop"y*lon, n.; pl. Propyla (#). [NL., from Gr. (Anc. Arch.) The
porch, vestibule, or entrance of an edifice.
Pro rata
Pro` ra"ta (?). [L.] In proportion; proportionately; according to the
share, interest, or liability of each.
Proratable
Pro*rat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prorated, or divided
proportionately. [U.S.]
Prorate
Pro*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prorating.] [From L. pro rata (sc. parte) according to a certain part,
in proportion.] To divide or distribute proportionally; to assess pro
rata. [U.S.]
Prore
Prore (?), n. [L. prora, Gr. prora. See Prow, n.] The prow or fore
part of a ship. [Poetic] "Galleys with vermilion prores." Pope.
Prorector
Pro*rec"tor (?), n. [NL. See Pro-, and Rector.] An officer who
presides over the academic senate of a German university. Heyse.
Prorectorate
Pro*rec"tor*ate (?), n. The office of prorector.
Prorenal
Pro*re"nal (?), a. [Pref. pro- + renal.] (Anat.) Pronephric.
Proreption
Pro*rep"tion (?), n. [L. prorepere, proreptum, to creep forth; pro +
repere.] A creeping on.
Prorhinal
Pro*rhi"nal (?), a. [Pref. pro- + rhinal.] (Anat.) Situated in front
of the nasal chambers.
Prorogate
Pro"ro*gate (?), v. t. To prorogue. [R.]
Prorogation
Pro`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. prorogatio: cf. F. prorogation.]
1. The act of counting in duration; prolongation. [Obs.] South.
2. The act of proroguing; the ending of the session of Parliament, and
postponing of its business, by the command of the sovereign. [Eng.]
NOTE: &hand; Af ter an adjournment all things continue as they were
at the adjournment; whereas, after a prorogation, bill introduced
and nut passed are as if they had never been begun at all.
Mozley & W.
Prorogue
Pro*rogue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prorogued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proroguing (?).] [F. proroger, L. prorogare, prorogatum; pro forward +
rogare to ask, to ask one for his opinion or vote, or about a law. See
Rogation.]
1. To protract; to prolong; to extend. [Obs.]
He prorogued his government. Dryden.
2. To defer; to delay; to postpone; as, to proroguedeath; to prorogue
a marriage. Shak.
3. To end the session of a parliament by an order of the sovereign,
thus deferring its business.
Parliament was prorogued to [meet at] Westminster. Bp. Hall.
The Parliament was again prorogued to a distant day. Macaulay.
Syn. -- To adjourn; postpone; defer. See Adjourn.
Proruption
Pro*rup"tion (?), n. [L. proruptio, fr. prorumpere, proruptum, to
break forth; pro forth + rumpere to break.] The act or state of
bursting forth; a bursting out. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Prosaic, Prosaical
Pro*sa"ic (?), Pro*sa"ic*al (?), a. [L. prosaius, from prosa prose:
cf. F,. prosa\'8bque. See Prose.]
1. Of or pertaining to prose; resembling prose; in the form of prose;
unpoetical; writing or using prose; as, a prosaic composition.
Cudworth.
2. Dull; uninteresting; commonplace; unimaginative; prosy; as, a
prosaic person. Ed. Rev. -- Pro*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Pro*sa"ic*al*ness, n.
Prosaicism
Pro*sa"i*cism (?), n. The quality or state of being prosaic; a prosaic
manner or style. [R.] Poe.
Prosaism
Pro"sa*ism (?), n. That which is in the form of prose writing; a
prosaic manner. Coleridge.
Prosaist
Pro"sa*ist (?; 277), n. A writer of prose; an unpoetical writer. "An
estimable prosaist." I. Taylor.
Prosal
Pro"sal (?), a Of or pertaining to prose; prosaic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Proscenium
Pro*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Proscenia (#). [L., fr. Gr. Scene.]
1. (Anc. Theater) The part where the actors performed; the stage.
2. (Modern Theater) The part of the stage in front of the curtain;
sometimes, the curtain and its framework. <--
proscenium arch, the framework around the front of the stage. -->
Proscolex
Pro*sco"lex (?), n.; pl. Proscolices (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An
early larval form of a trematode worm; a redia. See Redia.
Proscribe
Pro*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proscribing.] [L. proscribere, proscriptum, to write before, to
publish, proscribe; pro before + scribere to write. See Scribe. The
sense of this word originated in the Roman practice of writing the
names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public.]
1. To doom to destruction; to put out of the protection of law; to
outlaw; to exile; as, Sylla and Marius proscribed each other's
adherents.
Robert Vere, Earl of Oxford, . . . was banished the realm, and
proscribed. Spenser.
2. To denounce and condemn; to interdict; to prohibit; as, the
Puritans proscribed theaters.
The Arian doctrines were proscribed and anathematized in the famous
Council of Nice. Waterland.
Proscriber
Pro*scrib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proscribes, denounces, or
prohibits.
Proscript
Pro"script (?), n. [See Proscribe.]
1. A proscription; a prohibition; an interdict. [R.]
2. One who is proscribed. [R.]
Proscription
Pro*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. proscriptio: cf. F. proscription.]
1. The act of proscribing; a dooming to death or exile; outlawry;
specifically, among the ancient Romans, the public offer of a reward
for the head of a political enemy; as, under the triumvirate, many of
the best Roman citizens fell by proscription.
Every victory by either party had been followed by a sanguinary
proscription. Macaulay.
2. The state of being proscribed; denunciation; interdiction;
prohibition. Macaulay.
Proscriptional
Pro*scrip"tion*al (?), a. Proscriptive.
Proscriptionist
Pro*scrip"tion*ist, n. One who proscribes.
Proscriptive
Pro*scrip"tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to proscription; consisting
in, or of the nature of, proscription; proscribing. Burke. --
Pro*scrip"tive*ly, adv.
Prose
Prose (?), n. [F. prose, L. prosa, fr. prorsus, prosus, straight
forward, straight on, for proversus; pro forward + versus, p. p. of
vertere to turn. See Verse.]
1. The ordinary language of men in speaking or writing; language not
cast in poetical measure or rhythm; -- contradistinguished from verse,
or metrical composition.
I speak in prose, and let him rymes make. Chaucer.
Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme. Milton.
I wish our clever young poets would remember my homely definitions
of prose and poetry, that is; prose -- words in their best order;
poetry -- the best order. Coleridge.
2. Hence, language which evinces little imagination or animation; dull
and commonplace discourse.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into
the Mass. See Sequence.
Prose
Prose, a.
1. Pertaining to, or composed of, prose; not in verse; as, prose
composition.
2. Possessing or exhibiting unpoetical characteristics; plain; dull;
prosaic; as, the prose duties of life.
Prose
Prose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prosing.]
1. To write in prose.
2. To write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way.
Prose
Prose, v. i.
1. To write prose.
Prosing or versing, but chiefly this latter. Milton.
Prosector
Pro*sec"tor (?), n. [L., an anatomist, from prosecare to cut up; pro
before + secare to cut.] One who makes dissections for anatomical
illustration; usually, the assistant of a professional anatomist.
Prosecutable
Pros"e*cu`ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being prosecuted; liable to
prosecution.
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Prosecute
Pros"e*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosecuted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prosecuting.] [L. prosecutus, p. p. of prosequi to follow, pursue. See
Pursue.]
1. To follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish;
to endeavor to obtain or complete; to carry on; to continue; as, to
prosecute a scheme, hope, or claim.
I am beloved Hermia; Why should not I, then, prosecute my right ?
Shak.
2. To seek to obtain by legal process; as, to prosecute a right or a
claim in a court of law.
3. (Law) To pursue with the intention of punishing; to accuse of some
crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment, before
a legal tribunal; to proceed against judicially; as, to prosecute a
man for trespass, or for a riot.
To acquit themselves and prosecute their foes. Milton.
Prosecute
Pros"e*cute, v. i.
1. To follow after. [Obs.] Latimer.
2. (Law) To institute and carry on a legal prosecution; as, to
prosecute for public offenses. Blackstone.
Prosecution
Pros`e*cu"tion (?), n. [L. prosecutio a following.]
1. The act or process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or
accomplish something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; as, the
prosecution of a scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the prosecution
of war.
Keeping a sharp eye on her domestics . . . in prosecution of their
various duties. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Law) (a) The institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of
law or equity, to obtain some right, or to redress and punish some
wrong; the carrying on of a judicial proceeding in behalf of a
complaining party, as distinguished from defense. (b) The institution,
or commencement, and continuance of a criminal suit; the process of
exhibiting formal charges against an offender before a legal tribunal,
and pursuing them to final judgment on behalf of the state or
government, as by indictment or information. (c) The party by whom
criminal proceedings are instituted. Blackstone. Burrill. Mozley & W.
Prosecutor
Pros"e*cu`tor (?), n. [Cf. L.prosecutor an attendant.]
1. One who prosecutes or carries on any purpose, plan, or business.
2. (Law) The person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit
against another in the name of the government. Blackstone.
Prosecutrix
Pros"e*cu`trix (?), n. [NL.] A female prosecutor.
Proselyte
Pros"e*lyte (?), n. [OE. proselite, OF. proselite, F. proselytus, Gr.
A new convert especially a convert to some religion or religious sect,
or to some particular opinion, system, or party; thus, a Gentile
converted to Judaism, or a pagan converted to Christianity, is a
proselyte.
Ye [Scribes and Pharisees] compass sea and land to make one
proselyte. Matt. xxiii. 15.
Fresh confidence the speculatist takes From every harebrained
proselyte he makes. Cowper.
Syn. -- See Convert.
Proselyte
Pros"e*lyte, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proselyted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proselyting.] To convert to some religion, opinion, or system; to
bring over.<-- se proselytize --> Dr. H. More.
Proselytism
Pros"e*ly*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. pros\'82lytisme.]
1. The act or practice of proselyting; the making of converts to a
religion or a religious sect, or to any opinion, system, or party.
They were possessed of a spirit of proselytism in the most
fanatical degree. Burke.
2. Conversion to a religion, system, or party.
Proselytize
Pros"e*ly*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. proselytized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Proselytizing (?).] To convert to some religion, system, opinion,
or the like; to bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte.
One of those whom they endeavor to proselytize. Burke.
Proselytize
Pros"e*ly*tize, v. i. To make converts or proselytes.
Proselytizer
Pros"e*ly*ti`zer, n. One who proselytes.
Proseman
Prose"man (?), n. A writer of prose. [R.]
Proseminary
Pro*sem"i*na*ry (?), n. A seminary which prepares pupils for a higher
institution. T. Warton.
Prosemination
Pro*sem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. proseminare, proseminatum, to
disseminate.] Propagation by seed. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.
Prosencephalic
Pros*en`ce*phal"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
prosencephalon.
Prosencephalon
Pros`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. encephalon.] [Sometimes
abbreviated to proen.] (Anat.) (a) The anterior segment of the brain,
including the cerebrum and olfactory lobes; the forebrain. (b) The
cerebrum. Huxley.
Prosenchyma
Pros*en"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma, as in parenchyma.]
(Bot.) A general term applied to the tissues formed of elongated
cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities, as the
principal cells of ordinary wood.
Proser
Pros"er (?), n.
1. A writer of prose. [Obs.]
2. One who talks or writes tediously. Sir W. Scott.
Prosiliency
Pro*sil"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. prosilere to leap forth.] The act of
leaping forth or forward; projection. "Such prosiliency of relief."
Coleridge.
Prosily
Pros"i*ly (?), adv. In a prosy manner.
Prosimetrical
Pros`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Prose + metrical.] Consisting both of prose
and verse. Clarke.
Prosimi\'91
Pro*sim"i*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-. and Simia.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Lemuroidea.
Prosiness
Pros"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness;
tiresomeness.
Prosing
Pros"ing, n. Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy
manner. Sir W. Scott.
Prosingly
Pros"ing*ly, adv. Prosily.
Prosiphon
Pro*si"phon (?), n. [Pref. pro- for + siphon.] (Zo\'94l.) A minute
tube found in the protocon
Proslavery
Pro*slav"er*y (?), a. [Pref. pro- + slavery.] Favoring slavery. -- n.
Advocacy of slavery.
Prosobranch
Pros"o*branch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Prosobranchiata.
Prosobranchiata
Pros`o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The highest
division, or subclass, of gastropod mollusks, including those that
have the gills situated anteriorly, or forward of the heart, and the
sexes separate.
Prosoc\'d2le
Pros"o*c\'d2le (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The entire cavity of the
prosencephalon. B. G. Wilder.
Prosoc\'d2lia
Pros`o*c\'d2"li*a (?), n.; pl. Prosoc\'d2lle (#), [NL.] (Anat.) Same
as Prosoc\'d2le.
Prosodiacal
Pros`o*di"a*cal (?), a. Prosodical.
Prosodiacally
Pros`o*di"a*cal*ly, adv. Prosodically.
Prosodial
Pro*so"di*al (?), a. Prosodical.
Prosodian
Pro*so"di*an (?), n. A prosodist. Rush.
Prosodical
Pro*sod"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prosodique, L. prosodiacus.] Of or
pertaining to prosody; according to the rules of prosody. --
Pro*sod"ic*al*ly, adv.
Prosdist
Pros"dist (?), n. One skilled in prosody.
Prosody
Pros"o*dy (?), n. [L. prosodia the tone or accent of a syllable, Gr.
prosodie. See Ode.] That part of grammar which treats of the quantity
of syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical
composition.
Prosoma
Pro*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prosomata. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
anterior of the body of an animal, as of a cephalopod; the thorax of
an arthropod.
Prosopalgia
Pros`o*pal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Facial neuralgia.
Prosopocephala
Pros`o*po*ceph`a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Scaphopoda.
Prosopolepsy
Pros`o*po*lep"sy (?), n. [Gr. Respect of persons; especially, a
premature opinion or prejudice against a person, formed from his
external appearance. [R.] Addison.
Prosopop Pros`o*po*p (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which things are
represented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated
beings; also, a figure by which an absent person is introduced as speaking, or
a deceased person is represented as alive and present. It includes
personification, but is more extensive in its signification.
Prosopulmonata
Pros`o*pul`mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pulmo a lung.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of pulmonate mollusks having the breathing organ
situated on the neck, as in the common snail.
Prospect
Pros"pect (?), n. [L. prospectus, fr. prospicere, prospectum, to look
forward; pro before, forward + specere, spicere, look, to see: cf. OF.
prospect. See Spy, v., and cf. Prospectus.]
1. That which is embraced by eye in vision; the region which the eye
overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.
His eye discovers unaware The goodly prospect of some foreign land.
Milton.
2. Especially, a picturesque or widely extended view; a landscape;
hence, a sketch of a landscape.
I went to Putney . . . to take prospects in crayon. Evelyn.
3. A position affording a fine view; a lookout. [R.]
Him God beholding from his prospect high. Milton.
4. Relative position of the front of a building or other structure;
face; relative aspect.
And their prospect was toward the south. Ezek. xl. 44.
5. The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; as, a prospect
of the future state. Locke.
Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, that lays designs
only for a day, without any prospect to, or provision for, the
remaining part of life ? Tillotson.
6. That which is hoped for; ground for hope or expectation;
expectation; probable result; as, the prospect of success. "To
brighter prospects born." Cowper.
These swell their prospectsd exalt their pride, When offers are
disdain'd, and love deny'd. Pope.
Prospect
Pros"pect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prospecting.] To look over; to explore or examine for something; as,
to prospect a district for gold.
Prospect
Pros"pect, v. i. To make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines
or the like; as, to prospect for gold.
Prospection
Pro*spec"tion (?), n. The act of looking forward, or of providing for
future wants; foresight.
Prospective
Pro*spec"tive (?), a. [L. prospectivus: cf. F. prospectif. See
Prospect, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect; perspective.
[Obs.]
Time's long and dark prospective glass. Milton.
2. Looking forward in time; acting with foresight; -- opposed to
retrospective.
The French king of Sweden are circumspect, industrious, and
prospective, too, in this affair. Sir J. Child.
3. Being within view or consideration, as a future event or
contingency; relating to the future: expected; as, a prospective
benefit.
Points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no
prospective bearing. W. Jay.
Prospective
Pro*spec"tive (?), n.
1. The scene before or around, in time or in space; view; prospect.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. A perspective glass. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beau. & Fl.
Prospectively
Pro*spec"tive*ly, adv. In a prospective manner.
Prospectiveness
Pro*spec"tive*ness, n. Quality of being prospective.
Prospectless
Pros"pect*less (?), a. Having no prospect.
Prospector
Pros"pect*or (?), n. [L., one who looks out.] One who prospects;
especially, one who explores a region for minerals and precious
metals.
Prospectus
Pro*spec"tus (?), n. [L., a prospect, sight, view: cf. F. prospectus.
See Prospect.] A summary, plan, or scheme of something proposed,
affording a prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the
scheme of an unpublished literary work.
Prosper
Pros"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prospering.] [F. prosp\'82rer v. i., or L. prosperare, v. i., or L.
prosperare, v. t., fr. prosper or prosperus. See Prosperous.] To
favor; to render successful. "Prosper thou our handiwork." Bk. of
Common Prayer.
All things concur toprosper our design. Dryden.
Prosper
Pros"per, v. i.
1. To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to
thrive; to make gain.
They, in their earthly Canaan placed, Long time shall dwell and
prosper. Milton.
2. To grow; to increase. [Obs.]
Black cherry trees prosper even to considerable timber. Evelyn.
Prosperity
Pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [F. prosp\'82rit\'82, L. prosperitas. See
Prosperous.] The state of being prosperous; advance or gain in
anything good or desirable; successful progress in any business or
enterprise; attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success;
as, commercial prosperity; national prosperity.
Now prosperity begins to mellow. Shak.
Prosperities can only be enjoyed by them who fear not at all to
lose the Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable;
auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate. -- Pros"per*ous*ly, adv. --
Pros"per*ous*ness, n.
Prosphysis
Pros"phy*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A growing together of parts;
specifically, a morbid adhesion of the eyelids to each other or to the
eyeball. Dunglison.
Prospicience
Pro*spi"cience (?), n. [L. prospicientia, fr. prospiciens, p. pr. of
prospicere. See Prospect.] The act of looking forward.
Prostate
Pros"tate (?), a.[Gr. prostate.] (Anat.) Standing before; -- applied
to a gland which is found in the males of most mammals, and is
situated at the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra. --
n. The prostate gland.
Prostatic
Pro*stat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prostate gland.
Prostatic catheter. (Med.) See under Catheter.
Prostatitis
Pros`ta*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Prostate, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the prostate.
Prosternation
Pros`ter*na"tion (?), n. [F. See Prostration.] Dejection; depression.
[Obs.] Wiseman.
Prosternum
Pro*ster"num (?), n. [NL. See Pro- and Sternum.] (Zo\'94l.) The
ventral plate of the prothorax of an insect.
Prosthesis
Pros"the*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Surg.) The addition to the human body of some artificial part, to
replace one that is wanting, as a log or an eye; -- called also
prothesis.
2. (Gram.) The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a
word, as in beloved.
Prosthetic
Pros*thet"ic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to prosthesis;
prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word.
Prostibulous
Pros*tib"u*lous (?), a. [L. prostibulum prostitute.] Of or pertaining
to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious. [Obs.] Bale.
Prostitute
Pros"ti*tute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostituted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prostituting.] [L. prostitutus, p. p. of prostituere to prostitute;
pro before, forth + statuere to put, place. See Statute.]
1. To offer, as a woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for
hire. "Do not prostitute thy daughter." Lev. xix. 29.
2. To devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or
indiscriminate use; as, to prostitute talents; to prostitute official
powers. Milton.
Prostitute
Pros"ti*tute, a. [L. prostitutus, p. p.] Openly given up to lewdness;
devoted to base or infamous purposes.
Made bold by want, and prostitute for bread. Prior
Prostitute
Pros"ti*tute, n. [L. prostituta.]
1. A woman giver to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.
2. A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous
employments for hire.
No hireling she, no prostitute to praise. Pope.
Prostitution
Pros`ti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. prostitutio: cf. F. prostitution.]
1. The act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an
indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.
2. The act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous
purposes what is in one's power; as, the prostitution of abilities;
the prostitution of the press. "Mental prostitution." Byron.
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Prostitutor
Pros"ti*tu`tor (?), n. [L.] One who prostitutes; one who submits
himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes. Bp. Hurd.
Prostomium
Pro*sto"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Prostomia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
That portion of the head of an annelid situated in front of the mouth.
-- Pro*sto"mi*al (#), a.
Prostrate
Pros"trate (?), a. [L. prostratus, p. p. of prosternere to prostrate;
pro before, forward + sternere to spread out, throw down. See
Stratum.]
1. Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other
surface; stretched out; as, to sleep prostrate Elyot.
Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire. Milton.
2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. Dryden.
3. Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.
Prostrate fall Before him reverent, and there confess Humbly our
faults. Milton.
4. (Bot.) Trailing on the ground; procumbent.
Prostrate
Pros"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prostrating.]
1. To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to prostrate the
body; to prostrate trees or plants. Evelyn.
2. to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to
ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to
prostrate law or justice.
3. To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause
to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; as, he prostrated
himself. Milman.
4. To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a
person prostrated by fever.
Prostration
Pros*tra"tion (?), n. [L. prostratio: cf. F. prostration.]
1. The act of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the
prostration of the body.
2. The act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration;
primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to
kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.
A greater prostration of reason than of body. Shak.
3. The condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness;
dejection; as, a postration of spirits. "A sudden prostration of
strength." Arbuthnot.
4. (Med.) A latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies;
great oppression of natural strength and vigor.
NOTE: &hand; Pr ostration, in its medical use, is analogous to the
state of a spring lying under such a weight that it is incapable of
action; while exhaustion is analogous to the state of a spring
deprived of its elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to
denote any great depression of the vital powers.
Prostyle
Pro"style (?), a. [L. prostylus, Gr. prostyle.] (Arch.) Having columns
in front. -- n. A prostyle portico or building.
Prosy
Pros"y (?), a. [Compar. Prosier (?); superl. Prosiest.]
1. Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.
2. Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.
Prosylogism
Pro*sy"lo*gism (?), n. [Pref. pro- + syllogism.] (Logic) A syllogism
preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism; the
conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the
following syllogism.
Protactic
Pro*tac"tic (?), a. [Gr. Giving a previous narrative or explanation,
as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory. <--
Protactinium. A radioactive chemical element. Atomic symbol Pa; at.
no. 91; at. wt. of longest-lived isotope, 231 (T = 32,500 yrs.) Also
called brevium, Uranium X2 and UX2. -->
Protagon
Pro"ta*gon (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. Protagonist. So called because it was
the first definitely ascertained principle of the brain.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By
decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.
Protagonist
Pro*tag"o*nist (?), n. [Gr. One who takes the leading part in a drama;
hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict,
or the like.
Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry. De
Quincey.
Protamin
Pro"ta*min (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) An amorphous nitrogenous
substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. It is soluble in
water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and metallic
bases.
Protandric
Pro*tan"dric (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having male sexual
organs while young, and female organs later in life. -- Pro*tan"trism
(#), n.
Protandrous
Pro*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Proterandrous.
Protasis
Prot"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. A proposition; a maxim. Johnson.
2. (Gram.) The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence,
generally of a conditional sentence; -- opposed to apodosis. See
Apodosis.
3. The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the
introduction; opposed to epitasis. B. Jonson.
Protatic
Pro*tat"ic (?), a. [Gr. protaticus, F. protatique.] Of or pertaining
to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.
Proteaceous
Pro`te*a"ceous (?), a. [From Proteus.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the
Proteace\'91, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives
of the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia.
Protean
Pro"te*an (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus. " Protean
transformations." Cudworth.
2. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms;
as, an am\'d2ba is a protean animalcule. <-- 3. displaying great
variety or versatility. -->
Proteanly
Pro"te*an*ly, adv. In a protean manner. Cudworth.
Protect
Pro*tect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protecting.] [L. protectus, p. p. of protegere, literally, to cover in
front; pro before + tegere to cover. See Tegument.] To cover or shield
from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as,
a father protects his children.
The gods of Greece protect you! Shak.
Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend.
Protectingly
Pro*tect"ing*ly (?), adv. By way of protection; in a protective
manner.
Protection
Pro*tec"tion (?), n. [L. protectio: cf. F. protection.]
1. The act of protecting, or the state of being protected;
preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as,
the weak need protection.
To your protection I commend me, gods. Shak.
2. That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield;
a refuge.
Let them rise up . . . and be your protection. Deut. xxxii. 38.
3. A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a
pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.
He . . . gave them protections under his hand. Macaulay.
4. (Polit. Econ.) A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers
in a country from foreign competition in the home market by the
imposition of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign
production as will restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed
to free trade.
Writ of protection. (Law) (a) A writ by which the king formerly
exempted a person from arrest; -- now disused. [Eng.] Blackstone. (b)
A judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party,
juror, etc., intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying,
and returning. Syn. -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge;
security; safety.
Protectionism
Pro*tec"tion*ism (?), n. (Polit. Econ.) The doctrine or policy of
protectionists. See Protection, 4.
Protectionist
Pro*tec"tion*ist, n. (Polit. Econ.) One who favors protection. See
Protection, 4.
Protective
Pro*tect"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. protectif.] Affording protection;
sheltering; defensive. " The favor of a protective Providence."
Feltham. Protective coloring (Zo\'94l.), coloring which serves for the
concealment and preservation of a living organism. Cf. Mimicry.
Wallace. -- Protective tariff (Polit. Econ.), a tariff designed to
secure protection (see Protection, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff
designed to raise revenue. See Tariff, and Protection, 4.
Protectiveness
Pro*tect"ive*ness, n. The quality or state of being protective. W.
Pater.
Protector
Pro*tect"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. protecteur.]
1. One who, or that which, defends or shields from injury, evil,
oppression, etc.; a defender; a guardian; a patron.
For the world's protector shall be known. Waller.
2. (Eng. Hist.) One having the care of the kingdom during the king's
minority; a regent.
Is it concluded he shall be protector ! Shak.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman
Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome;
also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious
order, etc.
Lord Protector (Eng. Hist.), the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme
governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658).
Protectoral
Pro*tect"or*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial;
as, protectoral power.
Protectorate
Pro*tect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. protectorat.]
1. Government by a protector; -- applied especially to the government
of England by Oliver Cromwell.
2. The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a
dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion
and shares in the management of its affairs.
Protectorial
Pro`tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. L. protectorius.] Same as Protectoral.
Protectorless
Pro*tect"or*less (?), a. Having no protector; unprotected.
Protectorship
Pro*tect"or*ship, The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.
Protectress, Protectrix
Pro*tect"ress (?), Pro*tect"rix (?), n. [NL. protectrix.] A woman who
protects.
Prot\'82g\'82, n. m. Prot\'82g\'82e
Pro`t\'82`g\'82" (?), n. m. Pro`t\'82`g\'82e" (?), n. f. [F., p. p. of
prot\'82ger. See Protect.] One under the care and protection of
another.
Proteid
Pro"te*id (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class of amorphous
nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small amount of
sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. Proteids
are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part
of animal tissues and organs. They are also important constituents of
vegetable tissues. See 2d Note under Food. -- Pro"te*id, a.<-- older
term for protein. -->
Proteidea
Pro`te*id"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proteus, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four
legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (Necturus). Called also
Proteoidea, and Proteida.
Proteiform
Pro*te"i*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Changeable in form; resembling a
Proteus, or an am\'d2ba.
Protein
Pro"te*in (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first: cf. prwtei^on the first place.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally
considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its
name.<-- This definition is no longer used. Proetin is now defined as
any polymer of an amino acid joined by peptide (amide) bonds. Most
natural proteins have alpha-amino acids as the monomeric constituents.
All classical enzymes are composed of protein, and control most of the
biochemical transformations carrie dout in living cells. They may be
soluble, as casein, albumins, and other globular proteins, or
insoluble (e. g. "structural proteins"), as collagen or keratin.
"albumin", an older term for protein, is now used primarily to refer
to certain specific soluble globular proteins found in eggs or blood
serum, e.g. Bovine serum albumin, used as an enzymatically inert
protein in biochemical research. --> Protein crystal. (Bot.) See
Crystalloid, n., 2.
Proteinaceous
Pro`te*i*na"*ceous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Of or related to protein;
albuminous; proteid.
Proteinous
Pro*te"i*nous (?), a. Proteinaceuos.
Proteles
Pro"te*les (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A South Africa genus of Carnivora,
allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It
includes the aard-wolf.
Protend
Pro*tend" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protending.] [L. protendere, protensum; pro before, forth + tendere to
stretch.] To hold out; to stretch forth. [Obs.]
With his protended lance he makes defence. Dryden
.
Protense
Pro*tense" (?), n. [See Protend.] Extension.[Obs.] " By due degrees
and long protense." Spenser.
Protension
Pro*ten"sion (?), n. [L. protensio.] A drawing out; extension. [R.]
Sir W. Hamilton.
Protensive
Pro*ten"sive (?), a. Drawn out; extended. [R.]
Time is a protensive quantity. Sir W. Hamilton.
Proteolysis
Pro`te*ol"y*sis (?), n. [NL. See Proteolytic.] (Physiol. Chem.) The
digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.
Proteolytic
Pro`te*o*lyt"ic (?), a. [Proteid + Gr. (Physiol.) Converting proteid
or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible products, as
peptones. " The proteolytic ferment of the pancreas." Foster.
Proterandrous
Pro`ter*an"drous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the stamens come to
maturity before the pistil; -- opposed to proterogynous.
Proterandry
Pro`ter*an"dry (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being proterandrous.
Proteranthous
Pro`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having flowers appearing before
the leaves; -- said of certain plants. Gray.
Proteroglypha
Pro`te*rog"ly*pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of
serpents including those that have permanently erect grooved poison
fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the jaws. It includes the
cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also Proteroglyphia.
Proterogynous
Pro`ter*og"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the pistil come to
maturity before the stamens; protogynous; -- opposed to proterandrous.
Proterosaurus
Pro`te*ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
reptiles of the Permian period. Called also Protosaurus.
Protervity
Pro*ter"vi*ty (?), n. [L. protervitas, from protervus violent.]
Peevishness; petulance. [Obs.] Fuller.
Protest
Pro*test" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Protested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protesting.] [F. protester, L. protestari, pro before + testari to be
a witness, testis a witness. See Testify.]
1. To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare
solemnly; to avow.
He protest that his measures are pacific. Landor.
The lady doth protest too much, methinks. Shak.
2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of
opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes.
Denham.
The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies
of the passions. Shak.
Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare;
profess. See Affirm.
Protest
Pro*test", v. t.
1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to
display; as, to protest one's loyalty.
I will protest your cowardice. Shak.
2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an
affirmation; to appeal to.
Fiercely [they] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar
Protesting fate supreme. Milton.
To protest a bill OR note (Law), to make a solemn written declaration,
in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for
any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the
nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be
made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix.
Kent. Story.
Protest
Pro"test (?), n. [Cf. F. prot\'88t, It. protesto. See Protest, v.]
1. A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection
against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in
writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as,
the protest of lords in Parliament.
2. (Law) (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a
notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the
holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for
any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or
by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration
made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other
authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating
the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained
was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to
the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting
against them. (c) A declaration made by a party, before or while
paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems
illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights
and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary.
Story. Kent.
Protestancy
Prot"es*tan*cy (?), n. Protestantism. [R.]
Protestant
Prot"es*tant (?), n. [F. protestant, fr. L. protestans, -antis, p. pr.
of protestare. See Protest, v.] One who protests; -- originally
applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made
a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles
V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and
appealed to a general council; -- now used in a popular sense to
designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or
the Greek Church.
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Page 1153
Protestant
Prot"es*tant (?), a. [Cf. F. protestant.]
1. Making a protest; protesting.
2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who
reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant
writers.
Protestantical
Prot`es*tant"ic*al (?), a. Protestant. [Obs.]
Protestantism
Prot"es*tant*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. protestantisme.] The quality or state
of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the
principles or religion of the Protestants.
Protestantly
Prot"es*tant*ly, adv. Like a Protestant; in conformity with
Protestantism. [R.] Milton.
Protestation
Prot`es*ta"tion (?), n. [L. protestatio: cf. F. protestation. See
Protest.]
1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration,
especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith." Latimer.
2. (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the
party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact,
protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time
avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.
Protestator
Prot"es*ta`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. protestateur.] One who makes
protestation; a protester.
Protester
Pro*test"er (?), n.
1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration. Shak.
2. (Law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.
Protestingly
Pro*test"ing*ly, adv. By way of protesting.
Proteus
Pro"te*us (?), n. [L., Gr.
1. (Class. Myth.) A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed
different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance
or principles.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in
caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs.
The eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b) A changeable protozoan;
an am\'d2ba. <-- 3. a genus of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria,
including some species pathogenic in man. -->
Prothalamion, Prothalamium
Pro`tha*la"mi*on (?), Pro`tha*la"mi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A song in
celebration of a marriage. Drayton.
Prothallium
Pro*thal"li*um (?), n.; pl. Prothallia (#). [NL.] (Bot.) Same as
Prothallus.
Prothallus
Pro*thal"lus (?), n.; pl. Prothalli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
minute primary growth from the spore of ferns and other Pteridophyta,
which bears the true sexual organs; the o\'94phoric generation of
ferns, etc.
Prothesis
Proth"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
1. (Eccl.) A credence table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek
Church.
2. (Med.) See Prosthesis. Dunglison.
Prothetic
Pro*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a
prothetic apparatus.
Prothonotary, OR Protonotary
Pro*thon"o*ta*ry (?), OR Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?), n.; pl> -ries (#). [LL.
protonotarius, fr. Gr. prw^tos first + L. notarius a shorthand writer,
a scribe: cf. F. protonotaire.]
1. A chief notary or clerk. " My private prothonotary." Herrick.
2. Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the
Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the master. [Eng.] Wharton.
Burrill.
3. A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the
United States.
4. (R. C. Ch.) Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of
the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve
persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to
register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record
of beatifications.
5. (Gr. Ch.) The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.
Prothonotary warbler (Zo\'94l.), a small American warbler
(Protonotaria citrea). The general color is golden yellow, the back is
olivaceous, the rump and tail are ash-color, several outer tail
feathers are partly white.
Prothonotaryship
Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship, n. Office of a prothonotary.
Prothoracic
Pro`tho*rac"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the prothorax.
Prothorax
Pro*tho"rax (?), n. [Pref. pro- + thorax.] (Zo\'94l.) The first or
anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See Illusts. of Butterfly
and Coleoptera.
Pro thyalosoma
Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prothyalosomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Biol.) The investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the
eccentric germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.
Prothyalosome
Pro*thy"a*lo*some (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Prothyalosoma.
Protist
Pro"tist (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Protista.
Protista
Pro*tis"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. prw`tistos first.] (Zo\'94l.) A
provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic
organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others
animals.
Protiston
Pro*tis"ton (?), n.; pl. Protista (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Protista.
Proto-
Pro"to- (?). [Gr. prw^tos first, a superl. fr. Pro-.]
1. A combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as,
protomartyr, the first martyr; protomorphic, primitive in form;
protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan.
2. (Chem.) (a) Denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one
having the smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is
prefixed; as protoxide, protochloride, etc. (b) Sometimes used as
equivalent to mono-, as indicating that the compound has but one atom
of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. Also used
adjectively.
Protocanonical
Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the first canon, or
that which contains the authorized collection of the books of
Scripture; -- opposed to deutero-canonical.
Protocatechuic
Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline
substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by
distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.
Protocercal
Pro`to*cer"cal (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a caudal fin
extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that which is
first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.
Protococcus
Pro`to*coc"cus (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) A genus of
minute unicellular alg\'91 including the red snow plant (Protococcus
nivalis).
Protocol
Pro"to*col (?), n. [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. prw^tos the
first (see Proto-) +
1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch,
or other instrument. Burrill.
2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.
3. (Diplomacy) (a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which
negotiations are carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified.
(c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by
them at a particular stage of a negotiation. <-- 4. A strict code of
etiquette for conduct of behavior among diplomatic or military
personnel. 5. A detailed plan for conduct of a scientific or medical
experiment or procedure. A term used especially in conduct of medical
research requiring approval of a regulatory agency. -->
Protocol
Pro"to*col, v. t. To make a protocol of.
Protocol
Pro"to*col, v. i. To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to
issue protocols. Carlyle.
Protocolist
Pro"to*col`ist, n. One who draughts protocols.
Protoconch
Pro"to*conch (?), n. [Proto- + conch.] (Zo\'94l.) The embryonic shell,
or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.
Proto-Doric
Pro`to-Dor*ic (?), a. [Proto- + Doric.] (Arch.) Pertaining to, or
designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style
are supposed to be found.
Protogine
Pro"to*gine (?), n. [Proto- + root of Gr. protogyne.] (Min.) A kind of
granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.
Protogynous
Pro*tog"y*nous (?), a. [Proto + Gr. gynh` a woman.] (Bot.) Same as
Proterogynous.
Protohippus
Pro`to*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil
horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had three toes on each foot, the
lateral ones being small.
Protomartyr
Pro"to*mar`tyr (?), n. [LL., fr. Gr. protomartyr. See Proto-, and
Martyr.] The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in
any cause; -- applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.
Protomerite
Pro`to*mer"ite (?), n. [Proto- + -mere + -ite.] (Zo\'94l.) The second
segment of one of the Gregarin\'91.
Protomorphic
Pro`to*mor"phic (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. (Biol.) Having the most
primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic layer of
tissue. H. Spencer.
Protonema
Pro`to*ne"ma (?), n.; pl. Protonemata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of
branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf
buds may be developed.
Protonotary
Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?), n. Same as Prothonotary.
Proto\'94rganism
Pro`to*\'94r"gan*ism (?), n. [Proto- + organism.] (Biol.) An organism
whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to
either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.
Protopapas
Pro`to*pap"as (, n. [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Ch.) A protopope.
Protophyte
Pro"to*phyte (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. (Bot.) Any unicellular plant, or
plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission,
gemmation, or cell division.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pr otophytes (P rotophyta) ar e by some botanists
considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom,
and made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and alg\'91, as
slime molds, Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. Carpophyte, and
O\'94phyte.
Protophytology
Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Proto- + phytology.] Paleobotany.
Protopine
Pro"to*pine (?), n. [Proto- + opium.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in
opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline
substance.
Protoplasm
Pro"to*plasm (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. (Biol.) The viscid and more or less
granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital
properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth
go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell
substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.
NOTE: &hand; Th e lo west fo rms of an imal an d ve getable li fe
(unicellular organisms) consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm;
the tissues of the higher organisms, of differentiated protoplasm.
Protoplasmatic
Pro`to*plas*mat"ic (?), a. Protoplasmic.
Protoplasmic
Pro`to*plas"mic (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.
2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or
resembling, protoplasm.
Protoplast
Pro"to*plast (?), n. [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr.
1. The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies
or reproductions; the original.
2. (Biol.) A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or
pair of individuals, of a species.
A species is a class of individuals, each of which is
hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same
protoplast, or of the same pair of protoplasts. Latham.
<-- 3. a plant or bacterial cell which has lost its cell wall. As a
consequence, protoplasts typically assume a spherical shape, and are
unable to resist rupture in a liquid of low osmolarity; but they may
live and in some cases divide, provided that the osmotic pressure of
the medium is sufficient to prevent expansion to the point of rupture.
-->
Protoplasta
Pro`to*plas"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of fresh-water
rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched
pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one of the best-known.
Protoplastic
Pro`to*plas"tic (?), a. First-formed. Howell.
Protopodite
Pro*top"o*dite (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The basal portion, or
two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage
of a crustacean.
Protopope
Pro"to*pope (?), n. [Proto- + pope: cf. F. protopope, Russ.
protopop'.] (Gr. Ch.) One of the clergy of first rank in the lower
order of secular clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas.
Protopterus
Pro*top"te*rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Komtok.
Protosalt
Pro"to*salt (?), n. [Proto- + salt.] (Chem.) A salt derived from a
protoxide base. [Obs.]
Protosilicate
Pro`to*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Proto- + silicate.] (Chem.) A silicate
formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one
atom of silicon in the molecule.
Protosomite
Pro`to*so"mite (?), n. [Proto- + somite.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.
Protosulphide
Pro`to*sul"phide (?), n. [Proto- + sulphide.] (Chem.) That one of a
series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of
sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.
Protosulphuret
Pro`to*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Proto- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A
protosulphide. [Obs.]
Prototheria
Pro`to*the"ri*a (?) n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Monotremata.
Prototracheata
Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proto-, and Trachea.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Malacopoda.
Prototype
Pro"to*type (?), n. [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive, Gr.
Proto-, and Type] An original or model after which anything is copied;
the pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or
the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.
They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and
prototype. Burke.
Protovertebra
Pro`to*ver"te*bra (?), n.; pl. Protovertebr\'91 . [Proto- + vertebra.]
(Anat.) One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the
mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the
anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral,
somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pr otovertebr\'91 were long regarded as rudiments
of the permanent vertebr\'91, but they are now known to give rise
to the dorsal muscles and other structures as well as the vertebral
column. See Myotome.
Protovertebral
Pro`to*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
protovertebr\'91.
Protoxide
Pro*tox"ide (?), n. [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.] (Chem.) That
one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See
Proto-, 2 (b). protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now called
hyponitrous oxide<--, used as an anaesthetic in dentistry; now
(1950-1996) called nitrous oxide, NO -->. See under Laughing.
Protoxidize
Pro*tox"i*dize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, as any
elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.
Protozoa
Pro`to*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest of the
grand divisions of the animal kingdom.
NOTE: &hand; Th e en tire animal consists of a single cell which is
variously modified; but in many species a number of these simple
zooids are united together so as to form a compound body or
organism, as in the Foraminifera and Vorticell\'91. The
reproduction takes place by fission, or by the breaking up of the
contents of the body after encystment, each portion becoming a
distinct animal, or in other ways, but never by true eggs. The
principal divisions are Rhizopoda, Gregarin\'91, and Infusoria. See
also Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Protoplasta, Radiolaria, Flagellata,
Ciliata.
Protozoan
Pro`to*zo"an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa. --
n. One of the Protozoa.
Protozoic
Pro`to*zo"ic (?), a.
1. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.
2. (Geol.) Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the
globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.
Protozo\'94n
Pro`to*zo"\'94n (-&ocr;n), n.; pl. Protozoa (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
One of the Protozoa. (b) A single zooid of a compound protozoan.
Protozo\'94nite
Pro`to*zo"\'94*nite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the primary, or
first-formed, segments of an embryonic arthropod.
Protracheata
Pro*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-, and Trachea.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Malacopoda.
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Page 1154
Protract
Pro*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protracted; p. pr. vb. n.
Protracting.] [L. protractus, p. p. of protrahere to forth, protract;
pro forward + trahere to draw. See Portrait, Portray.]
1. To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue;
to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war.
2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a
decision or duty. Shak.
3. (Surv.) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of,
with scale and protractor; to plot.
4. (Zo\'94l.) To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its
claws; -- opposed to retract.
Protract
Pro*tract", n. [L. protractus.] Tedious continuance or delay. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Protracted
Pro*tract`ed (?), a. Prolonged; continued. Protracted meeting,a
religious meeting continued for many successive days. [U. S.] --
Pro*tract"ed*ly, adv. -- Pro*tract"ed*ness, n.
Protracter
Pro*tract"er (?), n. A protractor.
Protractile
Pro*tract"ile (?), a. Capable of being protracted, or protruded;
protrusile.
Protraction
Pro*trac"tion (?), n. [L. protractio.]
1. A drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination
of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a
debate.
A protraction only of what is worst in life. Mallock.
2. (Surv.) (a) The act or process of making a plot on paper. (b) A
plot on paper.
Protractive
Pro*tract"ive (?), a. Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging;
continuing; delaying.
He suffered their protractive arts. Dryden.
Protractor
Pro*tract"or (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.
2. A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on
paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms,
semicircular, rectangular, or circular.
3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or
offensive matter from a wound.
4. (Anat.) A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to
retractor.
5. An adjustable pattern used by tailors. Knight.
Protreptical
Pro*trep"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. Adapted to persuade; hortatory;
persuasive. [Obs.] Bp. Ward.
Protrudable
Pro*trud"a*ble (?), a. That may be protruded; protrusile. Darwin.
Protrude
Pro*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protruded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protruding.] [L. protrudere, protrusum; pro forward + trudere to
thrust. See Threat.]
1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along. Locke.
2. To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to
cause to come forth.
When . . . Spring protrudes the bursting gems. Thomson.
Protrude
Pro*trude", v. i. To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to
extend beyond a limit; to project.
The parts protrude beyond the skin. Bacon.
Protrusile
Pro*tru"sile (?), a. Capable of being protruded or thrust out;
protractile; protrusive.
Protrusion
Pro*tru"sion (?), n.
1. The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual
limit.
2. The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.
Protrusive
Pro*tru"sive (?), a.
1. Thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive motion. E. Darwin.
2. Capable of being protruded; protrusile.
Protrusively
Pro*tru"sive*ly, adv. In a protrusive manner.
Protuberance
Pro*tu"ber*ance (?), n. [Cf. F. protub\'82rance. See Protuberant.]
That which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or
adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a
bunch or knob; an elevation. Solar protuberances (Astron.), certain
rose-colored masses on the limb of the sun which are seen to extend
beyond the edge of the moon at the time of a solar eclipse. They may
be discovered with the spectroscope on any clear day. Called also
solar prominences. See Illust. in Append. Syn. -- Projection,
Protuberance. protuberance differs from projection, being applied to
parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle;
whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the surface.
Protuberancy
Pro*tu"ber*an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being protuberant;
protuberance; prominence.
Protuberant
Pro*tu"ber*ant (?), a. [L. protuberans, -antis, p. pr. of protuberare.
See Protuberate.] Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond
the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a protuberant
joint; a protuberant eye. -- Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly, adv.
Protuberate
Pro*tu"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. protuberare; pro forward + tuber a hump,
protuberance. See Tuber.] To swell, or be prominent, beyond the
adjacent surface; to bulge out. S. Sharp.
Protuberation
Pro*tu`ber*a"tion (?), n. The act of swelling beyond the surrounding
surface. Cooke (1615).
Protuberous
Pro*tu"ber*ous (?), a. Protuberant. [R.]
Protureter
Pro`tu*re"ter (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, Ureter.] (Anat.) The duct of a
pronephros. Haeckel.
Protyle
Pro"tyle (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. (Chem. & Astron.) The hypothetical
homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, supposed to have
been differentiated into what are recognized as distinct chemical
elements.
Proud
Proud (?), a. [Compar. Prouder (?); superl. Proudest.] [OE. proud,
prout, prud, prut, AS. pr&umac;t; akin to Icel. pr&umac;&edh;r
stately, handsome, Dan. prud handsome. Cf. Pride.]
1. Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense; as: (a)
Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; overrating one's
excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous.
Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek. Milton.
O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty ! Shak.
And shades impervious to the proud world's glare. Keble.
(b) Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting
(in); elated; -- often with of; as, proud of one's country. "Proud to
be checked and soothed." Keble.
Are we proud men proud of being proud ? Thackeray.
2. Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of
admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious. "Of
shadow proud." Chapman. "Proud titles." Shak. " The proud temple's
height." Dryden.
Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way proud Are mantled with a
golden cloud. Keble.
3. Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females of
some animals. Sir T. Browne.
NOTE: &hand; Pr oud is often used with participles in the formation
of compounds which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as,
proud-crested, proud-minded, proud-swelling.
Proud flesh (Med.), a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations
resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer.
Proudish
Proud"ish (?), a. Somewhat proud. Ash.
Proudling
Proud"ling, n. A proud or haughty person. Sylvester.
Proudly
Proud"ly, adv. In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily;
arrogantly; boastfully.
Proudly he marches on, and void of fear. Addison.
Proudness
Proud"ness, n. The quality of being proud; pride.
Set aside all arrogancy and proudness. Latimer.
Proustite
Proust"ite (?), n. [From the French chemist, J. L. Proust.] (Min.) A
sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal-red color,
occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver.
Provable
Prov"a*ble (?), a. [See Prove, and cf. Probable.] Capable of being
proved; demonstrable. -- Prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Prov"a*bly, adv.
Provand, Proant
Prov"and (?), Pro"ant (?), n. [See Provender.] Provender or food.
[Obs.]
One pease was a soldier's provant a whole day. Beau. & Fl.
Provant
Pro*vant" (?), v. t. To supply with provender or provisions; to
provide for. [Obs.] Nash.
Provant
Prov"ant (?), a. Provided for common or general use, as in an army;
hence, common in quality; inferior. "A poor provant rapier." B.
Jonson.
Prove
Prove (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Proving.]
[OE. prover, F. prouver, fr. L. probare to try, approve, prove, fr.
probus good, proper. Cf. Probable, Proof, Probe.]
1. To try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard;
to test; as, to prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to
prove the contents of a vessel by a standard measure.
Thou hast proved mine heart. Ps. xvii. 3.
2. To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by
argument, testimony, or other evidence.
They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when
they could not prove. J. H. Newman.
3. To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to
verify; as, to prove a will.
4. To gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to
experience; to suffer.
Where she, captived long, great woes did prove. Spenser.
5. (Arith.) To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness
of any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference
between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to
the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved.
6. (Printing) To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as,
to prove a page. Syn. -- To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish;
evince; manifest; show; demonstrate.
Prove
Prove, v. i.
1. To make trial; to essay.
2. To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; as,
a medicine proves salutary; the report proves false. "The case proves
mortal." Arbuthnot.
So life a winter's morn may prove. Keble.
3. To succeed; to turn out as expected. [Obs.] "The experiment proved
not." Bacon.
Provect
Pro*vect" (?), a. [L. provectus, p. p. of provehere to carry forward.]
Carried forward; advanced. [Obs.] "Provect in years." Sir T. Flyot.
Provection
Pro*vec"tion (?), n. [L. provectio an advancement.] (Philol.) A
carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word; as, for
example, a nickname for an ekename.
Proveditor
Pro*ved"i*tor (?), n. [It. proveditore, provveditore, fr. provedere,
L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purveyor, Provedore.] One employed
to procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one
who provides for another. Jer. Taylor.
Provedore
Prov"e*dore (?), n. [Cf. Sp. proveedor. See Proveditor.] A proveditor;
a purveyor.
Busied with the duties of a provedore. W. Irving.
Proven
Prov"en (?), p. p. OR a. Proved. "Accusations firmly proven in his
mind." Thackeray.
Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed
to beproven, he was acquitted. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Not proven (Scots Law), a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the
accused is not made out, though not disproved. Mozley & W.
Proven&cced;al
Pro`ven`&cced;al" (?), a. [F., fr. Provence, fr. L. provincia
province. See Provincial.] Of or pertaining to Provence or its
inhabitants.
Proven&cced;al
Pro`ven`&cced;al", n. [F.]
1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in France.
2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.
Provence rose
Prov"ence rose` (?). [Provence the place + rose.] (a) The cabbage rose
(Rosa centifolia). (b) A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids
of Rosa centifolia and R. Gallica.
Provencial
Pro*ven"cial (?), a. [See Proven&cced;al.] Of or pertaining to
Provence in France.
Provend
Prov"end (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]
Provender
Prov"en*der (?), n. [OE. provende, F. provende, provisions, provender,
fr. LL. praebenda (prae and pro being confused), a daily allowance of
provisions, a prebend. See Prebend.]
1. Dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a
mixture of ground grain; feed. "Hay or other provender." Mortimer.
Good provender laboring horses would have. Tusser.
2. Food or provisions. [R or Obs.]
Provent
Prov"ent (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]
Proventricle
Pro*ven"tri*cle (?), n. (Anat.) Proventriculus.
Proventriulus
Pro`ven*tri"u*lus (?), n. [NL. See Pro-, and Ventricle.] (Anat.) The
glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.
Prover
Prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proves.
Proverb
Prov"erb (?), n. [OE. proverbe, F. proverbe, from L. proverbium; pro
before, for + verbum a word. See Verb.]
1. An old and common saying; a phrase which is often repeated;
especially, a sentence which briefly and forcibly expresses some
practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a maxim;
a saw; an adage. Chaucer. Bacon.
2. A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma;
a parable.
His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and
speakest no proverb. John xvi. 29.
3. A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.
Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among
all nations. Deut. xxviii. 37.
4. A drama exemplifying a proverb.
Book of Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a
great variety of wise maxims. Syn. -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm;
adage; saw.
Proverb
Prov"erb, v. t.
1. To name in, or as, a proverb. [R.]
Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool ? Milton.
2. To provide with a proverb. [R.]
I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase. Shak.
Proverb
Prov"erb, v. i. To write or utter proverbs. [R.]
Proverbial
Pro*ver"bi*al (?), a. [L. proverbialis: cf. F. proverbial.]
1. Mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence,
commonly known; as, a proverbial expression; his meanness was
proverbial.
In case of excesses, I take the German proverbial cure, by a hair
of the same beast, to be the worst. Sir W. Temple.
2. Of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb. "A proverbial
obscurity." Sir T. Browne.
Proverbialism
Pro*ver"bi*al*ism (?), n. A proverbial phrase.
Proverbialist
Pro*ver"bi*al*ist, n. One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or
writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.
Proverbialize
Pro*ver"bi*al*ize (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. F. proverbialiser.] To turn
into a proverb; to speak in proverbs.
Proverbially
Pro*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In a proverbial manner; by way of proverb;
hence, commonly; universally; as, it is proverbially said; the bee is
proverbially busy.
Provexity
Pro*vex"i*ty (?), n. [L. provehere to advance. Cf. Provect.] Great
advance in age. [Obs.]
Provide
Pro*vide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Providing.] [L. providere, provisum; pro before + videre to see. See
Vision, and cf. Prudent, Purvey.]
1. To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect,
or make ready for future use; to prepare. "Provide us all things
necessary." Shak.
2. To supply; to afford; to contribute.
Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable
woods provide. Milton.
3. To furnish; to supply; -- formerly followed by of, now by with.
"And yet provided him of but one." Jer. Taylor. "Rome . . . was well
provided with corn." Arbuthnot.
4. To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the
contract provides that the work be well done.
5. To foresee.
NOTE: [A Latinism]
[Obs.] B. Jonson.
6. To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See
Provisor. Prescott.
Provide
Pro*vide", v. i.
1. To procure supplies or means in advance; to take measures
beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need,
especially a danger or an evil; -- followed by against or for; as, to
provide against the inclemency of the weather; to provide for the
education of a child.
Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human
wants. Burke.
2. To stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement provides
for an early completion of the work.
Provided
Pro*vid"ed (?), conj. On condition; by stipulation; with the
understanding; if; -- usually followed by that; as, provided that
nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever.
Provided the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent
to their truth. G. H. Lewes.
NOTE: &hand; This word is strictly a participle, and the word being
is understood, the participle provided agreeing with the whole
sentence absolute, and being equivalent to this condition being
previously stipulated or established.
Providence
Prov"i*dence (?), n. [L. providentia: cf. F. providence. See
Provident, and cf. Prudence.]
1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a
making ready; preparation.
Providence for war is the best prevention of it. Bacon.
2. Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God
manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as
exercising a constant wise prescience.
The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest,
and Providence their guide. Milton.
3. (Theol.) A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God
exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction.
He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a
greater providence of God. Jer. Taylor.
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4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality.
It is a high point of providence in a prince to cast an eye rather
upon actions than persons. Quarles.
Provident
Prov"i*dent (?), a. [L. providens, -entis, p. pr. of providere: cf. F.
provident. See Provide, and cf. Prudent.] Foreseeing wants and making
provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies;
cautious; economical; -- sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man;
an animal provident of the future.
And of our good and of our dignity, How provident he is. Milton.
Syn. -- Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical.
Providential
Prov`i*den"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. providentiel.] Effected by, or
referable to, divine direction or superintendence; as, the
providential contrivance of thing; a providential escape. --
Prov"i*den"tial*ly, adv.
Providently
Prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a provident manner.
Providentness
Prov"i*dent*ness, n. The quality or state of being provident;
carefulness; prudence; economy.
Provider
Pro*vid"er (?), n. One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who
procures what is wanted.
Providore
Prov"i*dore (?), n. [See Provedore.] One who makes provision; a
purveyor. [R.] De Foe.
Province
Prov"ince (?), n. [F., fr. L. provincia; prob. fr. pro before, for +
the root of vincere to conquer. See Victor.]
1. (Roman Hist.) A country or region, more or less remote from the
city of Rome, brought under the Roman government; a conquered country
beyond the limits of Italy. Wyclif (Acts xiii. 34). Milton.
2. A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of
an empire or state, esp. one remote from the capital. "Kingdoms and
provinces." Shak.
3. A region of country; a tract; a district.
Over many a tract of heaven they marched, and many a province wide.
Milton.
Other provinces of the intellectual world. I. Watts.
4. A region under the supervision or direction of any special person;
the district or division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical
division, over which one has jurisdiction; as, the province of
Canterbury, or that in which the archbishop of Canterbury exercises
ecclesiastical authority.
5. The proper or appropriate business or duty of a person or body;
office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere.
The woman'sprovince is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in
her affection. Tattler.
6. Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having a
governor, a local legislature, and representation in the Dominion
parliament. Hence, colloquially, The Provinces, the Dominion of
Canada.
Provincial
Pro*vin"cial (?), a. [L. provincialis: cf. F. provincial. See
Province, and cf. Provencal.]
1. Of or pertaining to province; constituting a province; as, a
provincial government; a provincial dialect.
2. Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the
inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not
polished; rude; hence, narrow; illiberal. "Provincial airs and
graces." Macaulay.
3. Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the
jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a provincial synod.
Ayliffe.
4. Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal. [Obs.]
With two Provincial roses on my razed shoes. Shak.
Provincial
Pro*vin"cial, n.
1. A person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his
order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same
fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order.
Provincialism
Pro*vin"cial*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. provincialisme.] A word, or a manner
of speaking, peculiar to a province or a district remote from the
mother country or from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic;
hence, narrowness; illiberality. M. Arnold.
Provincialist
Pro*vin"cial*ist, n. One who lives in a province; a provincial.
Provinciality
Pro*vin`ci*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being provincial;
peculiarity of language characteristic of a province. T. Warton.
Provincialize
Pro*vin"cial*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provincialized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Provincializing (?).] To render provincial. M. Arnold.
Provincially
Pro*vin"cial*ly, adv. In a provincial manner.
Provinciate
Pro*vin"ci*ate (?), v. t. To convert into a province or provinces.
[Obs.] Howell.
Provine
Pro*vine" (?), v. i. [F. provingner, fr. provin a set, layer of a
plant, OF. provain, from L. propago, -aginis, akin to propagare to
propagate. See Propagate, Prune, v. t.] To lay a stock or branch of a
vine in the ground for propagation. [Obs.] Johnson.
Provision
Pro*vi"sion (?), n. [L. provisio: cf. F. provision. See Provide.]
1. The act of providing, or making previous preparation. Shak.
2. That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together
or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.
Making provision for the relief of strangers. Bacon.
3. Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or
stored; -- often in the plural.
And of provisions laid in large, For man and beast. Milton.
4. That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous
agreement; a proviso; as, the provisions of a contract; the statute
has many provisions.
5. (R. C. Ch.) A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice,
comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.
6. (Eng. Hist.) A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it
became vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation.
Blackstone.
Provision
Pro*vi"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provisioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Provisioning.] To supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a
garrison.
They were provisioned for a journey. Palfrey.
Provisional
Pro*vi"sion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. provisionnel.] Of the nature of a
provision; serving as a provision for the time being; -- used of
partial or temporary arrangements; as, a provisional government; a
provisional treaty.
Provisionally
Pro*vi"sion*al*ly, adv. By way of provision for the time being;
temporarily. Locke.
Provisionary
Pro*vi"sion*a*ry (?), a. Provisional. Burke.
Proviso
Pro*vi"so (?), n.; pl. Provisos (#). [L., (it) being provided, abl. of
provisus, p. p. of providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.] An
article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other
writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with
the word provided; a conditional stipulation that affects an
agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was
impaired by its proviso.
He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception. Shak.
Provisor
Pro*vi"sor (?), n. [L., fr. providere: cf. F. proviseur. See Provide.]
1. One who provides; a purveyor. [Obs.] "The chief provisor of our
horse." Ford.
2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious
house. Cowell. (b) One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See
Provision, 5. P. Plowman.
3. (Eng. Hist.) One who procures or receives a papal provision. See
Provision, 6.
Provisorily
Pro*vi"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a provisory manner; conditionally;
subject to a proviso; as, to admit a doctrine provisorily. Sir W.
Hamilton.
Provisorship
Pro*vi"sor*ship (?), n. The office or position of a provisor. [R.] J.
Webster.
Provisory
Pro*vi"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. provisoire.]
1. Of the nature of a proviso; containing a proviso or condition;
conditional; as, a provisory clause.
2. Making temporary provision; provisional.
Provocation
Prov`o*ca"tion (?), n. [F. provocation, L. provocatio. See Provoke.]
1. The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. Fabyan.
2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as,
to give provocation. Paley.
3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth.
4. (Law) Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the
circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in
retort or redress.
5. An appeal to a court.
NOTE: [A Latinism]
[Obs.] Ayliffe.
Provocative
Pro*vo"ca*tive (?), a. [L. provocativus: cf. OF. provocatif.] Serving
or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.
Provocative
Pro*vo"ca*tive, n. Anything that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a
provocative of appetite.
Provocativeness
Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness, n. Quality of being provocative.
Provocatory
Pro*vo"ca*to*ry (?), a. Provocative.
Provokable
Pro*vok"a*ble (?), a. That may be provoked.
Provoke
Pro*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Provoking.] [F. provoquer, L. provocare to call forth; pro forth +
vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice, cry, call. See Voice.] To call
forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense to action, a
faculty or passion, as love, hate, or ambition; hence, commonly, to
incite, as a person, to action by a challenge, by taunts, or by
defiance; to exasperate; to irritate; to offend intolerably; to cause
to retaliate.
Obey his voice, provoke him not. Ex. xxiii. 21.
Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath. Eph. vi. 4.
Such acts Of contumacy will provoke the Highest To make death in us
live. Milton.
Can honor's voice provoke the silent dust? Gray.
To the poet the meaning is what he pleases to make it, what it
provokes in his own soul. J. Burroughs.
Syn. -- To irritate; arouse; stir up; awake; excite; incite; anger.
See Irritate.
Provoke
Pro*voke", v. i.
1. To cause provocation or anger.
2. To appeal.
NOTE: [A Latinism]
[Obs.] Dryden.
Provokement
Pro*voke"ment (?), n. The act that which, provokes; one who excites
anger or other passion, or incites to action; as, a provoker of
sedition.
Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things. Shak.
Provoking
Pro*vok"ing, a. Having the power or quality of exciting resentment;
tending to awaken passion or vexation; as, provoking words or
treatment. -- Pro*vok"ing*ly, adv.
Provost
Prov"ost (?), n. [OF. provost (L. prae and pro being confused), F.
prev\'93t, fr. L. praepositus placed before, a chief, fr. praeponere
to place before: cf. AS. pr\'befost, pr&omac;fast. See Preposition,
and cf. Propound.]
1. A person who is appointed to superintend, or preside over,
something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; as, the
provost of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other
cities; the provost of a college, answering to president; the provost
or head of certain collegiate churches.
2. The keeper of a prison. [Obs.] Shak.
NOTE: &hand; In Fr ance, formerly, a provost was an inferior judge
who had cognizance of civil causes. The grand provost of France, or
of the household, had jurisdiction in the king's house, and over
its officers.
Provost marshal (often pronounced . (a) (Mil.) An officer appointed in
every army, in the field, to secure the prisoners confined on charges
of a general nature. He also performs such other duties pertaining to
police and discipline as the regulations of the service or the
commander's orders impose upon him. (b) (Nav.) An officer who has
charge of prisoners on trial by court-martial, serves notices to
witnesses, etc.
Provostship
Prov"ost*ship, n. The office of a provost.
Prow
Prow (?), n. [F. proue (cf. Sp. & Pg. proa, It. prua), L. prora, Gr.
Pro-, and cf. Prore.] The fore part of a vessel; the bow; the stem;
hence, the vessel itself. Wordsworth.
The floating vessel swum Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow rode
tilting o'er the waves. Milton.
Prow
Prow (?), n. See Proa.
Prow
Prow, a. [Compar. Prower (?); superl. Prowest.] [OF.prou, preu, F.
preux, fr. L. pro, prod, in prodesse to be useful. See Pro-, and cf.
Prude.] Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous. [Archaic] Tennyson.
The prowest knight that ever field did fight. Spenser.
Prow
Prow, n. [OE. & OF. prou. See Prow, a.] Benefit; profit; good;
advantage. [Obs.]
That shall be for your hele and for your prow. Chaucer.
Prowess
Prow"ess (?), n. [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.]
Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill;
gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.
He by his prowess conquered all France. Shak.
Prowl
Prowl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prowled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prowling.]
[OE. prollen to search about; of uncertain origin, perh. for proglen,
a dim. of prog to beg, or proke to poke. Cf. Proke.]
1. To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to
search in, as for prey or booty.
He prowls each place, still in new colors decked. Sir P. Sidney.
2. To collect by plunder; as, to prowl money. [Obs.]
Prowl
Prowl, v. i. To rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild
beast; hence, to prey; to plunder.
Prowl
Prowl, n. The act of prowling. [Colloq.] Smart.
Prowler
Prowl"er (?), n. One that prowls. Thomson.
Prowling
Prowl"ing, a. Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as
for prey. "A prowling wolf." Milton. -- Prowl"ing*ly, adv.
Prox
Prox (?), n. [Cf. Proxy.] "The ticket or list of candidates at
elections, presented to the people for their votes." [Rhode Island]
Bartlett.
Proxene
Prox"ene (?), n. [Cf. prox\'8ane.] (Gr. Antiq.) An officer who had the
charge of showing hospitality to those who came from a friendly city
or state.
Proxenet
Prox"e*net (?), n. [L. proxeneta, Gr. A negotiator; a factor. [R.] Dr.
H. More.
Proximad
Prox"i*mad (?), adv. [Proximal + L. ad to.] (Anat.) Toward a proximal
part; on the proximal side of; proximally.
Proximal
Prox"i*mal (?), a.
1. Toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of motion of dependence;
proximate.
2. (Biol.) (a) Situated near the point of attachment or origin; as,
the proximal part of a limb. (b) Of or pertaining to that which is
proximal; as, the proximal bones of a limb. Opposed to distal.
Proximally
Prox"i*mal*ly, adv. (Anat.) On or toward a proximal part; proximad.
Proximate
Prox"i*mate (?), a. [L. proximatus, p. p. of proximare to come near,
to approach, fr. proximus the nearest, nest, superl. of propior
nearer, and prope, adv., near.] Nearest; next immediately preceding or
following. "Proximate ancestors." J. S. Harford.
The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge]. T. Burnet.
Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines the proximate
principles of any substance, as contrasted with an ultimate analysis.
-- Proximate cause. (a) A cause which immediately precedes and
produces the effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate, or
predisposing cause. I. Watts. (b) That which in ordinary natural
sequence produces a specific result, no independent disturbing
agencies intervening. -- Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of
a class of bodies existing ready formed in animal and vegetable
tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, as albumin, sugar,
collagen, fat, etc. Syn. -- Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.
Proximately
Prox"i*mate*ly, adv. In a proximate manner, position, or degree;
immediately.
Proxime
Prox"ime (?), a. [L. proximus. See Proximate.] Next; immediately
preceding or following. [Obs.]
Proximious
Prox*im"i*ous (?), a. Proximate. [Obs.]
Proximity
Prox*im"i*ty (?), n. [L. proximitas: cf. F. proximit\'82 See
Proximate, and cf. Propinquity, Approach.] The quality or state of
being next in time, place, causation, influence, etc.; immediate
nearness, either in place, blood, or alliance.
If he plead proximity of blood That empty title is with ease
withstood. Dryden.
Proximo
Prox"i*mo (?). [L., on the next, abl. of proximus next.] In the next
month after the present; -- often contracted to prox.; as, on the 3d
proximo.
Proxy
Prox"y (?), n.; pl. Proxies (#). [Contr. from procuracy. Cf. Proctor.]
1. The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act
for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.
I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself. Burke.
2. The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for
another.
Every peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to
vote for him in his absence. Blackstone.
3. A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his
stead, as in a corporation meeting.
4. (Eng. Law) The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the
ecclesiastical courts. Burrill.
5. (Eccl.) See Procuration. [Obs.]
Proxy
Prox"y, v. i. To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of
another. [R.]
Proxyship
Prox"y*ship, n. The office or agency of a proxy.
Pruce
Pruce (?), n. [OE. for Prussia: cf. F. Prusse.] Prussian leather.
[Obs.] Dryden.
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Page 1156
Prude
Prude (?), n. [F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened
from OF. prudefeme, preudefeme, a discreet or excellent woman; OF.
preu, prou, excellent, brave + de of + fete woman. See Prow, a.,
Prowess.] A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is
overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in
conduct and speech.
Less modest than the speech of prudes. Swift.
Prudence
Pru"dence (?), n. [F., fr. L. prudentia, contr. from providentia. See
Prudent, and cf. Providence.] The quality or state of being prudent;
wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness;
hence, also, economy; frugality.
Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due
means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing. Sir M.
Hale.
Prudence supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers
only to the adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right
means for given ends. Whewell.
Syn. -- Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness;
discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See Wisdom.
Prudency
Pru"den*cy (?), n. Prudence. [Obs.] Hakluyt.
Prudent
Pru"dent (?), a. [L. prudens, -entis, contr. from providens: cf. F.
prudent. See Provident.]
1. Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in
determining any line of conduct; practically wise; judicious; careful;
discreet; sensible; -- opposed to rash; as, a prudent man; dictated or
directed by prudence or wise forethought; evincing prudence; as,
prudent behavior.
Moses established a grave and prudent law. Milton.
2. Frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent
expenditure of money. Syn. -- Cautious; wary; circumspect;
considerate; discreet; judicious; provident; economical; frugal. <--
note sensible and careful in def. above. Why not here??? -->
Prudential
Pru*den"tial (?), a.
1. Proceeding from, or dictated or characterized by, prudence;
prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as distinguished
from higher motives or influences; as, prudential motives. " A
prudential line of conduct." Sir W. Scott.
2. Exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or
executive; as, a prudential committee.
Prudential
Pru*den"tial, n. That which relates to or demands the exercise of,
discretion or prudence; -- usually in the pl.
Many stanzas, in poetic measures, contain rules relating to common
prudentials as well as to religion. I. Watts.
Prudentialist
Pru*den"tial*ist, n. One who is governed by, or acts from, prudential
motives. [R.] Coleridge.
Prudentiality
Pru*den`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being prudential.
Sir T. Browne.
Prudentially
Pru*den"tial*ly (?), adv. In a prudential manner; prudently. South.
Prudently
Pru"dent*ly (?), adv. In a prudent manner.
Prudery
Prud"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pruderies (#). [F. pruderie. See Prude.] The
quality or state of being prudish; excessive or affected
scrupulousness in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness. Cowper.
Prudhomme
Prud*homme" (?), n. [F. prud'homme. cf. Prude.] A trustworthy citizen;
a skilled workman. See Citation under 3d Commune, 1.
Prudish
Prud"ish (?), a. Like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved;
affectedly severe in virtue; as, a prudish woman; prudish manners.
A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face. Garrick.
Prudishly
Prud"ish*ly, adv. In a prudish manner.
Pruinate
Pru"i*nate (?), a. Same as Pruinose.
Pruinose
Pru"i*nose` (?), a. [L. pruinosus, fr. pruina hoarfrost.] Frosty;
covered with fine scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the like, so as to
give the appearance of frost.
Pruinous
Pru"i*nous (?), a. Frosty; pruinose.
Prune
Prune (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pruned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pruning.]
[OE. proine, probably fr. F. provigner to lay down vine stocks for
propagation; hence, probably, the meaning, to cut away superfluous
shoots. See Provine.]
1. To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of; to
clear of useless material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to trim:
as, to prune trees; to prune an essay. Thackeray.
Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and
reformed. Bacon.
Our delightful task To prune these growing plants, and tend these
flowers. Milton.
2. To cut off or cut out, as useless parts.
Horace will our superfluous branches prune. Waller.
3. To preen; to prepare; to dress. Spenser.
His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing and cloys his beak. Shak.
Prune
Prune, v. i. To dress; to prink; -used humorously or in contempt.
Dryden.
Prune
Prune, n. [F. prune, from L. prunum a plum. See Plum.] A plum; esp., a
dried plum, used in cookery; as, French or Turkish prunes; California
prunes. German prune (Bot.), a large dark purple plum, of oval shape,
often one-sided. It is much used for preserving, either dried or in
sirup. Prune tree. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Prunus (P.
domestica), which produces prunes. (b) The West Indian tree, Prunus
occidentalis. -- South African prune (Bot.), the edible fruit of a
sapindaceous tree (Pappea Capensis).
Prunella
Pru*nel"la (?), n. [NL., perhaps from G. br\'91une quinsy, croup.]
(Med.) (a) Angina, or angina pectoris. (b) Thrush. Prunella salt (Old
Chem.), niter fused and cast into little balls.
Prunella, Prunello
Pru*nel"la, Pru*nel"lo, n. [F. prunelle, probably so called from its
color resembling that of prunes. See Prune, n.] A smooth woolen stuff,
generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting; -- formerly
used also for clergymen's gowns.
Prunelle
Pru*nelle" (?), n. [F., dim. of prune. See Prune, n.] A kind of small
and very acid French plum; -- applied especially to the stoned and
dried fruit.
Prunello
Pru*nel"lo (?), n. [F. prunelle, dim. of prune. See Prune a plum.] A
species of dried plum; prunelle.
Pruner
Prun"er (?), n.
1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of beetles whose larv\'91
gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the
American oak pruner (Asemum m\'d2stum), whose larva eats the pith of
oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside
nearly to the bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.
Pruniferous
Pru*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. prunum a plum + -ferous.] Bearing plums.
Pruning
Prun"ing (?), n.
1. The act of trimming, or removing what is superfluous.
2. (Falconry) That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers;
leavings. Beau. & Fl.
Pruning hook, OR Pruning knife, cutting instrument used in pruning
trees, etc. -- Pruning shears, shears for pruning trees, vines, etc.
Prunus
Pru"nus (?), n. [L., a plum tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees with
perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two-ovuled carpel which
usually becomes a drupe in ripening.
NOTE: &hand; Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then,
by Linn\'91us, was made to include the cherries and the apricot.
Later botanists separated these into several genera, as Prunus,
Cerasus, and Armeniaca, but now, by Bentham and Hooker, the plums,
cherries, cherry laurels, peach, almond, and nectarine are all
placed in Prunus.
Prurience, Pruriency
Pru"ri*ence (?), Pru"ri*en*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being
prurient.
The pruriency of curious ears. Burke.
There is a prurience in the speech of some. Cowper.
Prurient
Pru"ri*ent (?), a. [L. pruries, -entis, p. pr. of prurire to itch. Cf.
Freeze.] Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious
curiosity or propensity; lustful. -- Pru"ri*ent*ly, adv.
The eye of the vain and prurient is darting from object to object
of illicit attraction. I. Taylor.
Pruriginous
Pru*rig"i*nous (?), a. [L. pruriginosus: cf. F. prurigineux.] (Med.)
Tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of,
prurigo.
Prurigo
Pru*ri"go (?), n. [L., an itching, the itch, fr. prurire to itch.]
(Med.) A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the
chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy
cuticle in color.
Pruritus
Pru*ri"tus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Itching.
Prussian
Prus"sian (?), a. [From Prussia, the country: cf. F. prussien.] Of or
pertaining to Prussia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Prussia.
Prussian blue (Chem.), any one of several complex double cyanides of
ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance
having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium
ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used
in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also Williamson's blue, insoluble
Prussian blue, Berlin blue, etc. -- Prussian carp (Zo\'94l.) See
Gibel. -- Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin.
Prussiate
Prus"si*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. prussiate.] (Chem.) A salt of prussic
acid; a cyanide. Red prussiate of potash. See Potassium ferricyanide,
under Ferricyanide. Yellow prussiate of potash. See Potassium
ferrocyanide, under Ferrocyanide.
Prussic
Prus"sic (?), a. [Cf. F. prussique.] (Old Chem.) designating the acid
now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called prussic acid, because
Prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. See Hydrocyanic.
Prutenic
Pru*ten"ic (?), a. (Astron.) Prussian; -- applied to certain
astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the
principles of Copernicus, a Prussian.
Pry
Pry (?), n. [Corrupted fr. prize a lever. See Prize, n.] A lever;
also, leverage. [Local, U. S. & Eng.] Pry pole, the pole which forms
the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the windlass.
Pry
Pry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prying.] To raise
or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize.
[Local, U. S. & Eng.]
Pry
Pry, v. i. [OE. prien. Cf. Peer to peep.] To peep narrowly; to gaze;
to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing
curiosity; -- often implying reproach. " To pry upon the stars."
Chaucer.
Watch thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets
of the state. Shak.
Pry
Pry, n. Curious inspection; impertinent peeping.
Pryan
Pry"an (?), n. (Mining) See Prian.
Prying
Pry"ing, a. Inspecting closely or impertinently. Syn. -- Inquisitive;
curious. See Inquisitive.
Pryingly
Pry"ing*ly, adv. In a prying manner.
Prytaneum
Pryt`a*ne"um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A public building in
certain Greek cities; especially, a public hall in Athens regarded as
the home of the community, in which official hospitality was extended
to distinguished citizens and strangers.
Prytanis
Pryt"a*nis (?), n.; pl. Prytanes (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A
member of one of the ten sections into which the Athenian senate of
five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the presidency
of the senate for about one tenth of the year.
Prytany
Pryt"a*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The period during which the
presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of the section.
Prythee
Pryth"ee (?), interj. See Prithee.
Psalm
Psalm (?), n. [OE. psalm, salm, AS. sealm, L. psalmus, psalma, fr. Gr.
psalme, salme, F. psaume.]
1. A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or
worship of God.
Humus devout and holy psalms Singing everlastingly. Milton.
2. Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into
one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a
hymn for public worship.
Psalm
Psalm, v. t. To extol in psalms; to sing; as, psalming his praises.
Sylvester.
Psalmist
Psalm"ist (?), n. [L. psalmista, Gr. psalmiste. See Psalm.]
1. A writer or composer of sacred songs; -- a title particularly
applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the
church.
Psalmistry
Psalm"ist*ry (?), n. The use of psalms in devotion; psalmody.
Psalmodic, Psalmodical
Psal*mod"ic (?), Psal*mod"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. psalmodique.] Relating
to psalmody.
Psalmodist
Psal"mo*dist (?), n. One who sings sacred songs; a psalmist.
Psalmodize
Psal"mo*dize (?), v. i. To practice psalmody. " The psalmodizing art."
J. G. Cooper.
Psalmody
Psal"mo*dy (?), n. [Gr. psalmodie, LL. psalmodia. See Psalm, and Ode.]
The act, practice, or art of singing psalms or sacred songs; also,
psalms collectively, or a collection of psalms.
Psalmograph
Psal"mo*graph (?), n. [See Psalmographer.] A writer of psalms; a
psalmographer.
Psalmographer, Psalmographist
Psal*mog"ra*pher (?), Psal*mog"ra*phist (?), n. [L. psalmographus, Gr.
A writer of psalms, or sacred songs and hymns.
Psalmography
Psal*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. psalmographie.] The act or practice of
writing psalms, or sacred songs.
Psalter
Psal"ter (?), n. [OE. psauter, sauter, OF. sautier, psaltier, F.
psautier, from L. psalterium. See Psaltery.]
1. The Book of Psalms; -- often applied to a book containing the
Psalms separately printed.
2. Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common
Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which
contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads,
corresponding to the number of the psalms.
Psalterial
Psal*te"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psalterium.
Psalterium
Psal*te"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Psalteria (#). [L., a psaltery.] (Anat.)
(a) The third stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies. (b) The lyra of the
brain.
Psaltery
Psal"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Psalteries (#). [OE. sautrie, OF. psalterie,
F. psalt\'82rion, L. psalterium psaltery, psalter, from Gr. Psalm,
Psalter.] A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews, the form
of which is not known.
Praise the Lord with harp; sing unto him with the psaltery and an
instrument of ten strings. Ps. xxxiii. 2.
Psammite
Psam"mite (?), n. [Gr. psammite.] (Min.) A species of micaceous
sandstone. -- Psam*mit"ic (#), a.
Psarolite
Psar"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.) A silicified stem of tree
fern, found in abundance in the Triassic sandstone.
Psellism
Psel"lism (?), n. [Gr. Indistinct pronunciation; stammering.
Psephism
Pse"phism (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A proposition adopted by a
majority of votes; especially, one adopted by vote of the Athenian
people; a statute. J. P. Mahaffy.
Pseud\'91sthesia
Pseu`d\'91s*the"si*a (?), n. [NL. See Pseudo-, and \'92sthesia.]
(Physiol.) False or imaginary feeling or sense perception such as
occurs in hypochondriasis, or such as is referred to an organ that has
been removed, as an amputated foot.<-- a phenom also called phantom
limbs -->
Pseudembryo
Pseu*dem"bry*o (?), n. [Pseudo- + embryo.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A false
embryo. (b) An asexual form from which the true embryo is produced by
budding.
Pseudepigraphic, Pseudepigraphic
Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining
to pseudepigraphy.
Pseudepigraphous
Pseu`de*pig"ra*phous (?), a. [Gr. Pseudo-, and Epigraphy.] Inscribed
with a false name. Cudworth.
Pseudepigraphy
Pseu`de*pig"ra*phy (?), n. The ascription of false names of authors to
works.
Pseudh\'91mal
Pseud*h\'91"mal (?), a. [Pseudo- + h\'91mal.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to
the vascular system of annelids. Pseudh\'91mal fluid, the circulatory
fluid, or blood, of annelids, analogous to the blood of vertebrates.
It is often red, but is sometimes green or colorless. -- Pseudh\'91mal
vessels, the blood vessels of annelids.
Pseudo-
Pseu"do- (?). [Gr. A combining form or prefix signifying false,
counterfeit, pretended, spurious; as, pseudo-apostle, a false apostle;
pseudo-clergy, false or spurious clergy; pseudo-episcopacy,
pseudo-form, pseudo-martyr, pseudo-philosopher. Also used adjectively.
Pseudobacteria
Pseu`do*bac*te"ri*a (?), n. pl. [Pseudo- + bacteria.] (Biol.)
Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic
substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria.
NOTE: The gl obules wh ich divide and develop in form of chains are
organized beings; when this does not occur, we are dealing with
pseudobacteria. Sternberg.
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Page 1157
Pseudoblepsis
Pseu`do*blep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) False or depraved sight;
imaginary vision of objects. Forsyth.
Pseudobranch
Pseu"do*branch (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Pseudobranchia.
Pseudobranchia
Pseu`do*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Pseudobranchi\'91 (#). [NL. See
Pseudo-, and Branchia.] (Anat.) A rudimentary branchia, or gill. --
Pseu`do*bran"chi*al (#), a.
Pseudo-bulb
Pseu"do-bulb` (?), n. [Pseudo- + bulb.] (Bot.) An a\'89rial corm, or
thickened stem, as of some epiphytic orchidaceous plants.
Pseudocarp
Pseu"do*carp (?), n. [Pseudo- + Gr. (Bot.) That portion of an
anthocarpous fruit which is not derived from the ovary, as the soft
part of a strawberry or of a fig.
Pseudo-china
Pseu`do-chi"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + china.] (Bot.) The false china root,
a plant of the genus Smilax (S. Pseudo-china), found in America.
Pseudoc\'d2le
Pseu"do*c\'d2le (?), n. Same as Pseudoc\'d2lia.
Pseudoc\'d2lia
Pseu`do*c\'d2"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The fifth ventricle
in the mammalian brain. See Ventricle. B. G. Wilder.
Pseudo-cone
Pseu"do-cone` (?), n. [Pseudo- + cone.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the soft
gelatinous cones found in the compound eyes of certain insects, taking
the place of the crystalline cones of others.
Pseudo-cumene
Pseu`do-cu"mene (?), n. [Pseudo- + cumene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of
the aromatic series, metameric with mesitylene and cumene, found in
coal tar, and obtained as a colorless liquid.
Pseudo-dipteral
Pseu`do-dip"ter*al (?), a. [Pseudo- + dipteral: cf. F.
pseudodipt\'8are.] (Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly dipteral, as a
temple with the inner range of columns surrounding the cella omitted,
so that the space between the cella wall and the columns is very
great, being equal to two intercolumns and one column. -- n. A
pseudo-dipteral temple.
Pseudodox
Pseu"do*dox (?), a. [Gr. Not true in opinion or doctrine; false. -- n.
A false opinion or doctrine. "To maintain the atheistical pseudodox
which judgeth evil good, and darkness light." T. Adams.
Pseudofilaria
Pseu`do*fi*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Pseudofilari (#). [NL. See Pseudo-,
and Filaria.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the two elongated vibratile young
formed by fission of the embryo during the development of certain
Gregarin\'91.
Pseudo-galena
Pseu`do-ga*le"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + galena.] (Min.) False galena, or
blende. See Blende (a).
Pseudograph
Pseu"do*graph (?), n. [See Pseudography.] A false writing; a spurious
document; a forgery.
Pseudography
Pseu*dog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. False writing; forgery.
Pseudohalter
Pseu`do*hal"ter (?), n.; pl. Pseudohalteres (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Halteres.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the rudimentary front wings of certain
insects (Stylops). They resemble the halteres, or rudimentary hind
wings, of Diptera.
Pseudo-heart
Pseu"do-heart` (?), n. [Pseudo- + heart.] (Zo\'94l.) Any contractile
vessel of invertebrates which is not of the nature of a real heart,
especially one of those pertaining to the excretory system.
Pseudo-hyperthophic
Pseu`do-hy`per*thoph"ic (?), a. [Pseudo- + hypertrophic.] (Med.)
Falsely hypertrophic; as, pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, a variety of
paralysis in which the muscles are apparently enlarged, but are really
degenerated and replaced by fat.
Pseudologist
Pseu*dol"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who utters falsehoods; a liar.
Pseudology
Pseu*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. pseudologie.] Falsehood of speech.
Arbuthnot.
Pseudo-metallic
Pseu`do-me*tal"lic (?), a. [Pseudo- + metallic.] Falsely or
imperfectly metallic; -- said of a kind of luster, as in minerals.
Pseudo-monocotyledonous
Pseu`do-mon`o*cot`y*led"on*ous (?), a. [Pseudo- + monocotyledonous.]
(Bot.) Having two coalescent cotyledons, as the live oak and the
horse-chestnut.
Pseudomorph
Pseu"do*morph (?), n. [See Pseudomorphous.]
1. An irregular or deceptive form.
2. (Crystallog.) A pseudomorphous crystal, as a crystal consisting of
quartz, but having the cubic form of fluor spar, the fluor crystal
having been changed to quartz by a process of substitution.
Pseudomorphism
Pseu`do*mor"phism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The state of having, or the
property of taking, a crystalline form unlike that which belongs to
the species.
Pseudomorphous
Pseu`do*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. pseudomorphe.] Not having the true
form. Pseudomorphous crystal, one which has a form that does not
result from its own powers of crystallization.
Pseudonavicella
Pseu`do*nav`i*cel"la (?), n.; pl. Pseudonavicull\'91 (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Pseudonavicula.
Pseudonavicula
Pseu`do*na*vic"u*la (?), n.; pl. Pseudonavicul\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
navicula, a genus of diatoms. See Navicular.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
minute spindle-shaped embryos of Gregarin\'91 and some other Protozoa.
Pseudoneuroptera
Pseu`do*neu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Neuroptera.]
(Zo\'94l.) division of insects (Zo\'94l.) reticulated wings, as in the
Neuroptera, but having an active pupa state. It includes the dragon
flies, May flies, white ants, etc. By some zo\'94logists they are
classed with the Orthoptera; by others, with the Neuroptera.
Pseudoneuropterous
Pseu`do*neu*rop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zool.) Of or pertaining to the
Pseudoneuroptera.
Pseudonym
Pseu"do*nym (?), n. [Cf. F. pseudonyme. See Pseudonymous.] A
fictitious name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen name.
[Written also pseudonyme.]
Pseudonumity
Pseu`do*num"i*ty (?), n. The using of fictitious names, as by authors.
Pseudonymous
Pseu*don"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. pseudonyme. See Pseudo-, and Name.]
Bearing a false or fictitious name; as, a pseudonymous work. --
Pseu*don"y*mous*ly, adv. -- Pseu*don"y*mous*ness, n.
Pseuso-peripteral
Pseu`so-pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Pseudo- + peripteral: cf. F.
pseudop\'82ript\'8are.] (Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as
a temple having the columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an
ambulatory only at the ends or only at one end. -- n. A
pseudo-peripteral temple. Oxf. Gloss.
Pseudopod
Pseu"do*pod (?), n. [Pseudo- + -pod.]
1. (Biol.) Any protoplasmic filament or irregular process projecting
from any unicellular organism, or from any animal or plant call.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A rhizopod.
Pseudopodial
Pseu`do*po"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pseudopod, or to
pseudopodia. See Illust. of Heliozoa.
Pseudopodium
Pseu`do*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pseudopodia (. [NL.] Same as Pseudopod.
Pseudopupa
Pseu`do*pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. Pseudopup\'91 (#), E. Pseudopupas (#).
[NL. See Pseudo-, and Pupa.] (Zo\'94l.) A stage intermediate between
the larva and pupa of bees and certain other hymenopterous insects.
Pseudorhabdite
Pseu`do*rhab"dite (?), n. [Pseudo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
peculiar rodlike corpuscles found in the integument of certain
Turbellaria. They are filled with a soft granular substance.
Pseudo-romantic
Pseu`do-ro*man"tic (?), a. Pseudo- + romantic.]Falsely romantic.
The false taste, the pseudo-romantic rage. De Quincey.
Pseudoscope
Pseu"do*scope (?), n. [Pseudo- + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument which
exhibits objects with their proper relief reversed; -- an effect
opposite to that produced by the stereoscope. Wheatstone.
Pseudoscopic
Pseu`do*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a
pseudoscope; having its parts appearing with the relief reversed; as,
a pseudoscopic image.
Pseudoscorpiones
Pseu`do*scor`pi*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Scorpion.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of Arachnoidea having the palpi terminated by
large claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the
false scorpions. Called also Pseudoscorpii, and Pseudoscorpionina. See
Illust. of Book scorpion, under Book.
Pseudosphere
Pseu"do*sphere` (?), n. [Pseudo- + sphere.] (Geom.) The surface of
constant negative curvature generated by the revolution of a tractrix.
This surface corresponds in non-Euclidian space to the sphere in
ordinary space. An important property of the surface is that any
figure drawn upon it can be displaced in any way without tearing it or
altering in size any of its elements.
Pseudospore
Pseu"do*spore` (?), n. [Pseudo- + spore.] (Bot.)A peculiar
reproductive cell found in some fungi.
Pseudostella
Pseu`do*stel"la (?), n.; pl. -l\'91. [NL., fr. Gr. stella star.]
(Astron.) Any starlike meteor or phenomenon. [R.]
Pseudostoma
Pseu*dos"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Pseudostomata (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Stoma.] (Anat.) A group of cells resembling a stoma, but without any
true aperture among them.
Pseudo-symmetric
Pseu`do-sym*met"ric (?), a. (Crystallog.) Exhibiting pseudo-symmetry.
Pseudo-symmetry
Pseu`do-sym"me*try (?), n. [Pseudo- + symmetry.] (Crystallog.) A kind
of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which from twinning, or
other causes, come to resemble forms of a system other than that to
which they belong, as the apparently hexagonal prisms of aragonite.
Pseudotetramera
Pseu`do*te*tram"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Tetramerous.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of beetles having the fifth tarsal joint minute
and obscure, so that there appear to be but four joints. --
Pseu`do*te*tram"er*al (#), a.
Pseudotinea
Pseu`do*tin"e*a (, n.; pl. Pseudotine\'91 (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and
Tinea.] (Zo\'94l.) The bee moth, or wax moth (Galleria).
Pseudoturbinal
Pseu`do*tur"bi*nal (?), a. [Pseudo- + turbinal.] (Anat.) See under
Turbinal.
Pseudovary
Pseu*do"va*ry (?), n.; pl. Pseudovaries (#). [Pseudo- + ovary.]
(Zo\'94l.) The organ in which pseudova are produced; -- called also
pseudovarium.
Pseudovum
Pseu*do"vum (?), n.; pl. Pseudova (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and Ovum.]
(Zo\'94l.) An egglike germ produced by the agamic females of some
insects and other animals, and by the larv\'91 of certain insects. It
is capable of development without fertilization. See Illust. of
P\'91dogenesis.
Pshaw
Pshaw (?), interj. [Of imitative origin.] Pish! pooch! -- an
exclamation used as an expression of contempt, disdain, dislike, etc.
[Written also psha.]
Pshaw
Pshaw (?), v. i. To express disgust or contemptuous disapprobation, as
by the exclamation " Pshaw!"
The goodman used regularly to frown and pshaw wherever this topic
was touched upon. Sir W. Scott.
Psilanthropic
Psi`lan*throp"ic (?), a. [see Psilanthropist.] Pertaining to, or
embodying, psilanthropy. "A psilanthropic explanation." Coleridge.
Psilanthropism
Psi*lan"thro*pism (?), n. Psilanthropy.
Psilanthropist
Psi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. One who believes that Christ was a mere
man. Smart.
Psilanthropy
Psi*lan"thro*py (?), n. The doctrine of the merely human existence of
Christ.
Psilology
Psi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr -logy.] Love of empty of empty talk or noise.
Coleridge.
Psilomelane
Psi*lom"e*lane (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous oxide of manganese,
occurring in smooth, botryoidal forms, and massive, and having an
iron-black or steel-gray color.
Psilop\'91des
Psi`lo*p\'91"des (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) birds whose
young at first have down on the pteryl\'91 only; -- called also
Gymnop\'91des.
Psilop\'91dic
Psi`lo*p\'91d"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having down upon the pteryl\'91
only; -- said of the young of certain birds.
Psilosopher
Psi*los"o*pher, n. [Gr. A superficial or narrow pretender to
philosophy; a sham philosopher.
Psittaceous, Psittacid
Psit*ta"ceous (?), Psit"ta*cid (?), a. [L. psittacus a parrot, Gr.
psittacide.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the parrots, or the
Psittaci. -- n. One of the Psittaci.
Psittaci
Psit"ta*ci (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The order of birds which
comprises the parrots.
Psitta-co-fulvine
Psit`ta-co-ful"*vine (?), n. [Gr. fulvus yellow.] A yellow pigment
found in the feathers of certain parrots.
Psoas
Pso"as (?), n. [Gr. psoas.] (Anat.) An internal muscle arising from
the lumbar vertebr\'91 and inserted into the femur. In man there are
usually two on each side, and the larger one, or great psoas, forms a
part of the iliopsoas.
Psora
Pso"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A cutaneous disease; especially,
the itch.
Psoriasis
Pso*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) The state of being
affected with psora. [Obs.] (b) A cutaneous disease, characterized by
imbricated silvery scales, affecting only the superficial layers of
the skin.
Psoric
Pso"ric (?), a. [L. psoricus, Gr. psorique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining
to psora.
Psorosperm
Pso"ro*sperm (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A minute parasite, usually the
young of Gregarin\'91, in the pseudonavicula stage.
Psychagogic
Psy`cha*gog"ic (?), a. [Gr. Psychagogue.] Attractive; persuasive. J.
Morley.
Psychagogue
Psy"cha*gogue (?), n. [Gr. A necromancer. [R.]
Psychal
Psy"chal (?), a. [See Psychical.] Of or pertaining to the soul;
psychical. Bayne.
Psyche
Psy"che (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Class Myth.) A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of
Eros, or Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul.
2. The soul; the vital principle; the mind.
3. [F. psych\'82.] A cheval glass.
Psychian
Psy"chi*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any small moth of the genus Psyche and
allied genera (family Psychid\'91). The larv\'91 are called basket
worms. See Basket worm, under Basket.
Psychiatria, Psychiatry
Psy*chi`a*tri"a (?), Psy*chi"a*try (?), n. [NL. psychiatria, fr. Gr.
(Med.) The application of the healing art to mental diseases.
Dunglison.
Psychiatric
Psy`chi*at"ric (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to psychiatria.
Psychic, Psychical
Psy"chic (?), Psy"chic*al (?), a. [L. psychicus, Gr. psychique.]
1. Of or pertaining to the human soul, or to the living principle in
man.
NOTE: &hand; Th is te rm was formerly used to express the same idea
as psychological. Recent metaphysicians, however, have employed it
to mark the difference between psychh` the living principle in man,
and pney^ma the rational or spiritual part of his nature. In this
use, the word describes the human soul in its relation to sense,
appetite, and the outer visible world, as distinguished from
spiritual or rational faculties, which have to do with the
supersensible world. Heyse.
2. Of or pertaining to the mind, or its functions and diseases;
mental; -- contrasted with physical.
Psychical blindness, Psychical deafness (Med.), forms of nervous
disease in which, while the senses of sight and hearing remain
unimpaired, the mind fails to appreciate the significance of the
sounds heard or the images seen. -- Psychical contagion, the
transference of disease, especially of a functional nervous disease,
by mere force of example. -- Psychical medicine, that department of
medicine which treats of mental diseases.<-- psychiatry? -->
Psychics
Psy"chics (?), n. Psychology.
Psychism
Psy"chism (?), n. [Cf. F. psychisme.] (Philos.) The doctrine of
Quesne, that there is a fluid universally diffused, end equally
animating all living beings, the difference in their actions being due
to the difference of the individual organizations. Fleming.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1158
Psycho-
Psy"cho- (?). A combining form from Gr. the soul, the mind, the
understanding; as, psychology.
Psychogenesis
Psy`cho*gen"e*sis (?), n. Genesis through an internal force, as
opposed to natural selection.
Psychography
Psy*chog"ra*phy (?), n. [Psycho- + -graphy.]
1. A description of the phenomena of mind.
2. (Spiritualism) Spirit writing.
Psychologic, Psychological
Psy`cho*log"ic (?), Psy`cho*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. psychologique.]
Of or pertaining to psychology. See Note under Psychic. --
Psy`cho*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
Psychologist
Psy*chol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. psychologiste.] One who is versed in,
devoted to, psychology.
Psychologue
Psy"cho*logue (?), n. A psychologist.
Psychology
Psy*chol"o*gy (?), n. pl. Psychologies (. [Psycho- + -logy: cf. F.
psychologie. See Psychical.] The science of the human soul;
specifically, the systematic or scientific knowledge of the powers and
functions of the human soul, so far as they are known by
consciousness; a treatise on the human soul.
Psychology, the science conversant about the phenomena of the mind,
or conscious subject, or self. Sir W. Hamilton.
Psychomachy
Psy*chom"a*chy (?), n. [L. psychomachia, fr. Gr. A conflict of the
soul with the body.
Psychomancy
Psy"cho*man`cy (?), n. [Psycho- + -mancy: cf. F. psychomancie.]
Necromancy.
Psychometry
Psy*chom"e*try (?), n. [Psycho- + -metry.] (Physiol.) The art of
measuring the duration of mental processes, or of determining the time
relations of mental phenomena. -- Psy`cho*met"ric (#), a.
Psycho-motor
Psy`cho-mo"tor (?), a. [Psycho- + motor.] Of or pertaining to movement
produced by action of the mind or will.
Psychopannychism
Psy"cho*pan"ny*chism (?), n. [Psycho- + Gr. (Theol.) The doctrine that
the soul falls asleep at death, and does not wake until the
resurrection of the body. -- Psy`cho*pan"ny*chism (#), n.
Psychopathy
Psy*chop"a*thy (?), n. [Psycho- + Gr. (Med.) Mental disease. See
Psychosis, 2. -- Psy`cho*path"ic, a. -- Psy*chop"a*thist, n.
Psychophysical
Psy`cho*phys"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to psychophysics;
involving the action or mutual relations of the psychical and physical
in man. Psychophysical time (Physiol.), the time required for the mind
to transform a sensory impression into a motor impulse. It is an
important part of physiological or reaction time. See under Reaction.
Psychophysics
Psy`cho*phys"ics (?), n. [Psycho- + physics.] The science of the
connection between nerve action and consciousness; the science which
treats of the relations of the psychical and physical in their
conjoint operation in man; the doctrine of the relation of function or
dependence between body and soul.
Psychopomp
Psy"cho*pomp (?), n. [Gr. psychopompe.] (Myth.) A leader or guide of
souls . J. Fiske.
Psychosis
Psy*cho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Psycho-.]
1. Any vital action or activity. Mivart.
2. (Med.) A disease of the mind; especially, a functional mental
disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes.
Psychozoic
Psy`cho*zo"ic (?), a. [Psycho- + Gr. (Geol.)Designating, or applied to
the Era of man; as, the psychozoic era.
Psychrometer
Psy*chrom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. psychro`s cold + -meter: cf. F.
psychrom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the tension of the
aqueous vapor in the atmosphere, being essentially a wet and dry bulb
hygrometer.
Psychrometrical
Psy`chro*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psychrometer or
psychrometry.
Psychrometry
Psy*chrom"e*try (?), n. Hygrometry.
Psylla
Psyl"la (?), n.; pl. Psyll\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any
leaping plant louse of the genus Psylla, or family Psyllid\'91.
Ptarmigan
Ptar"mi*gan (?), n. [Gael. tarmachan; cf. Ir. tarmochan, tarmonach.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any grouse of the genus Lagopus, of which numerous species
are known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are
brown in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter.
NOTE: &hand; Th ey ch iefly inhabit the northern countries and high
mountains of Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species
is Lagopus mutus. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (L.
Scoticus), is reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The
white, or willow, ptarmigan (L. albus) is found in both Europe and
America.
Ptenoglossa
Pte`no*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
gastropod mollusks having the teeth of the radula arranged in long
transverse rows, somewhat like the barbs of a feather.
Ptenoglossate
Pte`no*glos"sate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Ptenoglossa.
Pteranodon
Pte*ran"o*don (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of American Cretaceous
pterodactyls destitute of teeth. Several species are known, some of
which had an expanse of wings of twenty feet or more.
Pteranodontia
Pte*ran`o*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of pterodactyls
destitute of teeth, as in the genus Pteranodon.
Pterichthys
Pte*rich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of Devonian
fossil fishes with winglike appendages. The head and most of the body
were covered with large bony plates. See Placodermi.
Pteridologist
Pter`i*dol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in pteridology.
Pteridology
Pter`i*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That department of botany which
treats of ferns.
Pteridomania
Pter`i*do*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. mania.] A madness, craze, or strong
fancy, for ferns. [R.] C. Kingsley.
Pteridophyta
Pter`i*doph"y*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A class of
flowerless plants, embracing ferns, horsetails, club mosses,
quillworts, and other like plants. See the Note under Cryptogamia. --
Pter"i*do*phyte` (#), n.
NOTE: &hand; Th is is a modern term, devised to replace the older
ones acrogens and vascular Cryptogamia.
Pterobranchia
Pter`o*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
marine Bryozoa, having a bilobed lophophore and an axial cord. The
genus Rhabdopleura is the type. Called also Podostomata. See
Rhabdopleura.
Pteroceras
Pte*roc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large marine
gastropods having the outer border of the lip divided into lobes; --
called also scorpion shell.
Pterocletes
Pter`o*cle"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr Pterocles, the typical genus, fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the sand grouse. They are
in some respects intermediate between the pigeons and true grouse.
Called also Pteroclomorph\'91.
Pterodactyl
Pter`o*dac"tyl (?), n. [Gr. pt\'82rodactyle.] (Paleon.) An extinct
flying reptile; one of the Pterosauria. See Illustration in Appendix.
Pterodactyli
Pter`o*dac"ty*li (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pterosauria.
Pteroglossal
Pter`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the tongue finely
notched along the sides, so as to have a featherlike appearance, as
the toucans.
Pteron
Pte"ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The region of the skull, in the
temporal fossa back of the orbit, where the great wing of the
sphenoid, the temporal, the parietal, and the frontal hones approach
each other.
Pteropappi
Pter`o*pap"pi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zool.) Same as
Odontotorm\'91.
Pterophore
Pter"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the genus Pterophorus
and allied genera; a plume moth. See Plume moth, under Plume.
Pteropod
Pter"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. pt\'82ropode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Pteropoda.
Pteropoda
Pte*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A class of Mollusca in which
the anterior lobes of the foot are developed in the form of broad,
thin, winglike organs, with which they swim at near the surface of the
sea.
NOTE: &hand; Th e Pt eropoda ar e di vided in to tw o or ders:
Cymnosomata, which have the body entirely naked and the head
distinct from the wings; and Thecosomata, which have a delicate
transparent shell of various forms, and the head not distinct from
the wings.
Pteropodous
Pte*rop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pteropoda.
Pterosaur
Pter"o*saur (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A pterodactyl.
Pterosauria
Pter`o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of flying
reptiles of the Mesozoic age; the pterodactyls; -- called also
Pterodactyli, and Ornithosauria.
NOTE: &hand; Th e wi ngs we re fo rmed, li ke th ose of bats, by a
leathery expansion of the skin, principally supported by the
greatly enlarged outer or " little" fingers of the hands. The
American Cretaceous pterodactyls had no teeth. See Pteranodontia,
and Pterodactyl.
Pterosaurian
Pter`o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the
Pterosauria.
Pterostigma
Pter`o*stig"ma (?), n.; pl. Pterostigmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A thickened opaque spot on the wings of certain insects.
Pterotic
Pte*ro"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, a
bone between the pro\'94tic and epiotic in the dorsal and outer part
of the periotic capsule of many fishes. -- n. The pterotic bone.
NOTE: &hand; The pterotic bone is so called because fancied in some
cases to resemble in form a bird's wing
Pterygium
Pte*ryg"i*um (?), n.; pl. E. Pterygiums (#), L. Pterygia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.) A superficial growth of vascular tissue radiating in a
fanlike manner from the cornea over the surface of the eye.
Pterygoid
Pter"y*goid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.) (a) Like a bird's wing in
form; as, a pterygoid bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region
of, the pterygoid bones, pterygoid processes, or the whole sphenoid
bone. -- n. A pterygoid bone. Pterygoid bone (Anat.), a bone which
corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human
skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected
with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones
with the point of suspension of the lower jaw. -- Pterygoid process
(Anat.), a process projecting downward from either side of the
sphenoid bone, in man divided into two plates, an inner and an outer.
The posterior nares pass through the space, called the pterygoid
fossa, between the processes.
Pterygomaxillary
Pter`y*go*max"il*la*ry (?), a. [Pterygoid + maxillary.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the inner pterygoid plate, or pterygoid bone, and the
lower jaw.
Pterygopalatine
Pter`y*go*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pterygoid + palatine.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pterygoid processes and the palatine bones.
Pterygopodium
Pter`y*go*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pterygopodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) A specially modified part of the ventral fin in male
elasmobranchs, which serves as a copulatory organ, or clasper.
Pterygoquadrate
Pter`y*go*quad"rate (?), a. [Pterygoid + quadrate.] (Anat.) Of,
pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid and quadrate bones or
cartilages.
Pteryla
Pte*ry"la (?), n.; pl. Pteryl\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of
the definite areas of the skin of a bird on which feathers grow; --
contrasted with apteria.
Pterylography
Pter`y*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Pteryla + -graphy.] (Zo\'94l.) The study or
description of the arrangement of feathers, or of the pteryl\'91, of
birds.
Pterylosis
Pter`y*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. NL. & E. pteryla.] (Zo\'94l.) The
arrangement of feathers in definite areas.
Ptilocerque
Ptil"o*cerque (?), n. [Gr. (Zool.) The pentail.
Ptilop\'91des
Ptil`o*p\'91"des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Dasyp\'91des.
Ptilop\'91dic
Ptil`o*p\'91d"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having nearly the whole surface of
the skin covered with down; dasyp\'91dic; -- said of the young of
certain birds.
Ptilopteri
Pti*lop"te*ri (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds
including only the penguins.
Ptilosis
Pti*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pterylosis.
Ptisan
Ptis"an (?), n. [L. ptisana peeled barley, barley water, Gr. ptisane,
tisane.]
1. A decoction of barley with other ingredients; a farinaceous drink.
2. (Med.) An aqueous medicine, containing little, if any, medicinal
agent; a tea or tisane.
Ptolemaic
Ptol`e*ma"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Ptolemy, the geographer and
astronomer. Ptolemaic system (Astron.), the system maintained by
Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the
universe, with the sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was
received for ages, until superseded by the Copernican system.
Ptolemaist
Ptol"e*ma`ist (?), n. One who accepts the astronomical system of
Ptolemy.
Ptomaine
Pto"ma*ine (?), n. [From Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class of animal
bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of various kinds of
albuminous matter, and closely related to the vegetable alkaloids; a
cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead
matter, by which they are to be distinguished from the leucomaines.
Ptosis
Pto"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Drooping of the upper eyelid,
produced by paralysis of its levator muscle.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1159
Ptyalin
Pty"a*lin (?), n. [Gr. Ptyalism.] (Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized
amylolytic ferment, on enzyme, present in human mixed saliva and in
the saliva of some animals.
Ptyalism
Pty"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. ptyalisme.] Salivation, or an excessive flow
of saliva. Quain.
Ptyalogogue
Pty*al"o*gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A ptysmagogue.
Ptysmagogue
Ptys"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. ptysmagogue.] (Med.) A medicine that
promotes the discharge of saliva.
Ptyxis
Ptyx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The way in which a leaf is
sometimes folded in the bud.
Pubble
Pub"ble (?), a. [Perhaps fr. bubble.] Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat.
[Obs.] Drant.
Puberal
Pu"ber*al (?), a. [From L. puber, pubes, grown up, adult.] Of or
pertaining to puberty.
Puberty
Pu"ber*ty (?), n. [L. pubertas, fr. puber, pubes, adult: cf. F.
pubert\'82.]
1. The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting or
bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be
about fourteen years in males and twelve in females.
2. (Bot.) The period when a plant first bears flowers.
Puberulent
Pu*ber"u*lent (?), a. [See Pubis.] (Bot.) Very minutely downy.
Pubes
Pu"bes (?), n. [L., the hair which appears on the body at puberty,
from pubes adult.]
1. (Anat.) (a) The hair which appears upon the lower part of the
hypogastric region at the age of puberty. (b) Hence (as more commonly
used), the lower part of the hypogastric region; the pubic region.
2. (Bot.) The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows
on plants; pubescence.
Pubescence
Pu*bes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. pubescence.]
1. The quality or state of being pubescent, or of having arrived at
puberty. Sir T. Browne.
2. A covering of soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and
insects; also, the state of being so covered.
Pubescency
Pu*bes"cen*cy (?), n. Pubescence.
Pubescent
Pu*bes"cent (?), a. [L. pubescens, -entis, p. pr. of pubescere to
reach puberty, to grow hairy or mossy, fr. pubes pubes: cf. F.
pubescent.]
1. Arrived at puberty.
That . . . the men (are) pubescent at the age of twice seven, is
accounted a punctual truth. Sir T. Browne.
2. Covered with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects,
and the leaves of some plants.
Pubic
Pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of
the pubes; as, the pubic bone; the pubic region, or the lower part of
the hypogastric region. See Pubes. (b) Of or pertaining to the pubis.
Pubis
Pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pubes.] (Anat.) The ventral and anterior of
the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis;
sharebone; pubic bone.
Public
Pub"lic (?), a. [L. publicus, poblicus, fr. populus people: cf. F.
public. See People.]
1. Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating
to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; -- opposed to
private; as, the public treasury.
To the public good Private respects must yield. Milton.
He [Alexander Hamilton] touched the dead corpse of the public
credit, and it sprung upon its feet. D. Webster.
2. Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious;
as, public report; public scandal.
Joseph, . . . not willing to make her a public example, was minded
to put her away privily. Matt. i. 19.
3. Open to common or general use; as, a public road; a public house.
"The public street." Shak.
Public act OR statute (Law), an act or statute affecting matters of
public concern. Of such statutes the courts take judicial notice. --
Public credit. See under Credit. -- Public funds. See Fund, 3. --
Public house, an inn, or house of entertainment. -- Public law. (a)
See International law, under International. (b) A public act or
statute. -- Public nuisance. (Law) See under Nuisance. -- Public
orator. (Eng. Universities) See Orator, 3. -- Public stores, military
and naval stores, equipments, etc. -- Public works, all fixed works
built by civil engineers for public use, as railways, docks, canals,
etc.; but strictly, military and civil engineering works constructed
at the public cost.
Public
Pub"lic, n.
1. The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or community;
the people, indefinitely; as, the American public; also, a particular
body or aggregation of people; as, an author's public.
The public is more disposed to censure than to praise. Addison.
2. A public house; an inn. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
In public, openly; before an audience or the people at large; not in
private or secrecy. "We are to speak in public." Shak.
Publican
Pub"li*can (?), n. [L. publicanus: cf. F. publicain. See Public.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a
collector of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were
often oppressive in their exactions, and were regarded with great
detestation.
As Jesus at meat . . . many publicans and sinners came and sat down
with him and his disciples. Matt. 1x. 10.
How like a fawning publican he looks! Shak.
2. The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer,
spirits, or wine.
Publication
Pub`li*ca"tion (?), n. [L. publicatio confiscation: cf. F.
publication. See Publish.]
1. The act of publishing or making known; notification to the people
at large, either by words, writing, or printing; proclamation;
divulgation; promulgation; as, the publication of the law at Mount
Sinai; the publication of the gospel; the publication of statutes or
edicts.
2. The act of offering a book, pamphlet, engraving, etc., to the
public by sale or by gratuitous distribution.
The publication of these papers was not owing to our folly, but
that of others. Swift.
3. That which is published or made known; especially, any book,
pamphlet, etc., offered for sale or to public notice; as, a daily or
monthly publication.
4. An act done in public. [R. & Obs.]
His jealousy . . . attends the business, the recreations, the
publications, and retirements of every man. Jer. Taylor.
Publication of a libel (Law), such an exhibition of a libel as brings
it to the notice of at least one person other than the person libeled.
-- Publication of a will (Law), the delivery of a will, as his own, by
a testator to witnesses who attest it.
Public-hearted
Pub"lic-heart`ed (?), a. Public-spirited. [R.]
Publicist
Pub"li*cist (?), n. [Cf. F. publiciste.] A writer on the laws of
nature and nations; one who is versed in the science of public right,
the principles of government, etc.
The Whig leaders, however, were much more desirous to get rid of
Episcopacy than to prove themselves consummate publicists and
logicians. Macaulay.
<-- 2. One who publicizes, esp. a press agent. -->
Publicity
Pub*lic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. publicit\'82.] The quality or state of
being public, or open to the knowledge of a community; notoriety;
publicness.
Publicly
Pub"lic*ly (?), adv.
1. With exposure to popular view or notice; without concealment;
openly; as, property publicly offered for sale; an opinion publicly
avowed; a declaration publicly made.
2. In the name of the community. Addison.
Public-minded
Pub"lic-mind`ed (?), a. Public-spirited. -- Pub"lic-mind`ed*ness, n.
Publicness
Pub"lic*ness, n.
1. The quality or state of being public, or open to the view or notice
of people at large; publicity; notoriety; as, the publicness of a
sale.
2. The quality or state of belonging to the community; as, the
publicness of property. Boyle.
Public-spirited
Pub"lic-spir`it*ed (?), a.
1. Having, or exercising, a disposition to advance the interest of the
community or public; as, public-spirited men.
2. Dictated by a regard to public good; as, a public-spirited project
or measure. Addison. -- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ly, adv. --
Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ness, n.
Publish
Pub"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Published (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Publishing.] [F. publier, L. publicare, publicatum. See Public, and
-ish.]
1. To make public; to make known to mankind, or to people in general;
to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or proclaim, as a
law or an edict.
Published was the bounty of her name. Chaucer.
The unwearied sun, from day to day, Does his Creator's power
display, And publishes to every land The work of an almighty hand.
Addison.
2. To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to publish
banns of marriage.
3. To send forth, as a book, newspaper, musical piece, or other
printed work, either for sale or for general distribution; to print,
and issue from the press.
4. To utter, or put into circulation; as, to publish counterfeit
paper. [U.S.]
To publish a will (Law), to acknowledge it before the witnesses as the
testator's last will and testament. Syn. -- To announce; proclaim;
advertise; declare; promulgate; disclose; divulge; reveal. See
Announce.
Publishable
Pub"lish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being published; suitable for
publication.
Publisher
Pub"lish*er (?), n. One who publishes; as, a publisher of a book or
magazine.
For love of you, not hate unto my friend, Hath made me publisher of
this pretense. Shak.
Publishment
Pub"lish*ment (?), n.
1. The act or process of making publicly known; publication.
2. A public notice of intended marriage, required by the laws of some
States. [U.S.]
Puccoon
Puc*coon" (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Bot.) Any one of
several plants yielding a red pigment which is used by the North
American Indians, as the bloodroot and two species of Lithospermum (L.
hirtum, and L. canescens); also, the pigment itself.
Puce
Puce (?), a. [F., fr. puce a flea, L. pulex, pulicis.] Of a dark brown
or brownish purple color.<-- MW10: dark red -->
Pucel
Pu"cel (?), n. See Pucelle. [Obs.]
Pucelage
Pu"cel*age (?; 48), n. [F.] Virginity. [R.]
Pucelle
Pu*celle" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pulicella, fr. L. pullus a young
animal. See Pullet.] A maid; a virgin. [Written also pucel.] [Obs.]
Lady or pucelle, that wears mask or fan. B. Jonson.
La Pucelle, the Maid of Orleans, Joan of Arc.
Puceron
Pu"ce*ron (?), n. [F., from puce a flea. See Puce.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
plant louse, or aphis.
Pucherite
Pu"cher*ite (?), n. [So named from the Pucher Mine, in Saxony.] (Min.)
Vanadate of bismuth, occurring in minute reddish brown crystals.
Puck
Puck (?), n. [OE. pouke; cf. OSw. puke, Icel. p&umac;ki an evil demon,
W. pwca a hobgoblin. Cf. Poker a bugbear, Pug.]
1. (Medi\'91val Myth.) A celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the
night;" -- called also Robin Goodfellow, Friar Rush, Pug, etc. Shak.
He meeteth Puck, whom most men call Hobgoblin, and on him doth
fall. Drayton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]
Puckball
Puck"ball` (?), n. [Puck + ball.] A puffball.
Pucker
Puck"er (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Puckered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puckering.] [From Poke a pocket, small bag.] To gather into small
folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate;
-- often with up; as, to pucker up the mouth. "His skin [was] puckered
up in wrinkles." Spectator.
Pucker
Puck"er, n.
1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds.
2. A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Puckerer
Puck"er*er, n. One who, or that which, puckers.
Puckery
Puck"er*y (?), a.
1. Producing, or tending to produce, a pucker; as, a puckery taste.
Lowell.
2. Inclined to become puckered or wrinkled; full of puckers or
wrinkles.
Puckfist
Puck"fist` (?), n. A puffball.
Puckish
Puck"ish, a. [From Puck.] Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous.
"Puckish freaks." J. R. Green.
Pucras
Pu"cras (?), n. [From a native name in India.] (Zo\'94l.) See Koklass.
Pud
Pud (?), n. Same as Pood.
Pud
Pud (?), n. The hand; the first. [Colloq.] Lamb.
Puddening
Pud"den*ing (?), n. [Probably fr. pudden, for pudding, in allusion to
its softness.] (Naut.) (a) A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like,
placed, as a fender, on the bow of a boat. (b) A bunch of soft
material to prevent chafing between spars, or the like.
Pudder
Pud"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puddering.] [Cf. Pother.] To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to
make a pother or fuss; to potter; to meddle.
Puddering in the designs or doings of others. Barrow.
Others pudder into their food with their broad nebs. Holland.
Pudder
Pud"der, v. t. To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; as, to
pudder a man. Locke.
Pudder
Pud"der, n. A pother; a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle.
"All in a pudder." Milton.
Pudding
Pud"ding (?), n. [Cf. F. boudin black pudding, sausage, L. botulus,
botellus, a sausage, G. & Sw. pudding pudding, Dan. podding, pudding,
LG. puddig thick, stumpy, W. poten, potten, also E. pod, pout, v.]
1. A species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence,
variously made, but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and
eggs, etc.
And solid pudding against empty praise. Pope.
2. Anything resembling, or of the softness and consistency of,
pudding.
3. An intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a
sausage. Shak.
4. Any food or victuals.
Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your tongue. Prior.
5. (Naut.) Same as Puddening.
Pudding grass (Bot.), the true pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium), formerly
used to flavor stuffing for roast meat. Dr. Prior. -- Pudding pie, a
pudding with meat baked in it. Taylor (1630). -- Pudding pipe (Bot.),
the long, cylindrical pod of the leguminous tree Cassia Fistula. The
seeds are separately imbedded in a sweetish pulp. See Cassia. --
Pudding sleeve, a full sleeve like that of the English clerical gown.
Swift. -- Pudding stone. (Min.) See Conglomerate, n., 2. -- Pudding
time. (a) The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the dish first
eaten. [Obs.] Johnson. (b) The nick of time; critical time. [Obs.]
Mars, that still protects the stout, In pudding time came to his
aid. Hudibras.
Pudding-headed
Pud"ding-head`ed (?), a. Stupid. [Colloq.]
Puddle
Pud"dle (?), n. [OE. podel; cf. LG. pudel, Ir. & Gael. plod pool.]
1. A small quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small
pool. Spenser.
2. Clay, or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet,
to render it impervious to water.
Puddle poet, a low or worthless poet. [R.] Fuller.
Puddle
Pud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puddling
(?).]
1. To make foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with
(water).
Some unhatched practice . . . Hath puddled his clear spirit. Shak.
2. (a) To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet,
so as to render impervious to water. (b) To make impervious to liquids
by means of puddle; to apply puddle to.
3. To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert it
from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron. Ure.
Puddled steel, steel made directly from cast iron by a modification of
the puddling process.
Puddle
Pud"dle, v. i. To make a dirty stir. [Obs.] R. Junius.
Puddle-ball
Pud"dle-ball` (?), n. The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the
puddling furnace to be hammered or rolled.
Puddle-bar
Pud"dle-bar" (?), n. An iron bar made at a single heat from a
puddle-ball hammering and rolling.
Puddler
Pud"dler (?), n. One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the
process of puddling.
Puddling
Pud"dling (?), n.
1. (Hydraul. Engin.) (a) The process of working clay, loam, pulverized
ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or impervious to liquids;
also, the process of rendering anything impervious to liquids by means
of puddled material. (b) Puddle. See Puddle, n., 2.
2. (Metal.) The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought
iron or steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring
in a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by
which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.
Puddling furnace, a reverberatory furnace in which cast iron is
converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling.
Puddly
Pud"dly (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul.
"Thick puddly water." Carew.
Puddock
Pud"dock (?), n. [For paddock, or parrock, a park.] A small inclosure.
[Written also purrock.] [Prov. Eng.]
Pudency
Pu"den*cy (?), n. [L. pudens, p. pr. of pudere to be ashamed.]
Modesty; shamefacedness. "A pudency so rosy." Shak.
Pudenda
Pu*den"da (?), n. pl. [L., from pudendus that of which one ought to be
ashamed, fr. pudere to be ashamed.] (Anat.) The external organs of
generation.
Pudendal
Pu*den"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pudenda, or
pudendum.
Pudendum
Pu*den"dum (?), n. [NL. See Pudenda.] (Anat.) The external organs of
generation, especially of the female; the vulva.
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Pudgy
Pudg"y (?), a. Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short,
pudgy little man; a pudgy little hand. Thackeray.
Pudic
Pu"dic (?), a. [L.pudicus modest, fr. pudere to be ashamed: cf. F.
pudique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the external organs of
generation.
Pudical
Pu"dic*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pudic.
Pudicity
Pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pudicit\'82, L. pudicitia.] Modesty;
chastity. Howell.
Pudu
Pu"du (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very small deer (Pudua humilis), native of
the Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three
inches long.
Pue
Pue (?) v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puing.] To make
a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds. Halliwell.
Pueblo
Pueb"lo (?), n. [Sp., a village, L. populus people. See People.] A
communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and
New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is
usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to
any Indian village in the same region. Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any
tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo
tribes are the Moqui, the Zu\'a4i, the Keran, and the Tewan.
Puefellow
Pue"fel`low (?), n. A pewfellow. [Obs.]
Puer
Pu"er (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The dung of dogs, used as an
alkaline steep in tanning. Simmonds.
Puerco
Pu*er"co (?), n. [Sp.] A hog. Puerco beds (Geol.), a name given to
certain strata belonging to the earliest Eocene. They are developed in
Northwestern New Mexico, along the Rio Puerco, and are characterized
by their mammalian remains.
Puerile
Pu"er*ile (?), a. [L. puerilis, fr. puer a child, a boy: cf. F.
pu\'82ril.] Boyish; childish; trifling; silly.
The French have been notorious through generations for their
puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic
precedents. De Quincey.
Syn. -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See
Youthful.
Puerilely
Pu"er*ile*ly, adv. In a puerile manner; childishly.
Puerileness
Pu"er*ile*ness, n. The quality of being puerile; puerility.
Puerility
Pu`er*il"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Puerilities (#). [L. puerilitas: cf. F.
pu\'82rilit\'82.]
1. The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness. Sir T.
Browne.
2. That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which
is flat, insipid, or silly.
Puerperal
Pu*er"per*al (?), a. [L. puerpera a lying-in woman; puer child +
parere to bear: cf. F. puerp\'82ral.] Of or pertaining to childbirth;
as, a puerperal fever.
Puerperous
Pu*er"per*ous (?), a. Bearing children. [R.]
Puet
Pu"et (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pewit.
Puff
Puff (?), n. [Akin to G. & Sw. puff a blow, Dan. puf, D. pof; of
imitative origin. Cf. Buffet.]
1. A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any
sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff. " To every puff
of wind a slave." Flatman.
2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball.
(b) kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the
skin or hair with powder.
3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a
public journal.
Puff adder. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho
and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power
of greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff
adder (Vipera, OR Clotho, arietans) is the largest species, becoming
over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (C. cornuta) has a
plumelike appendage over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake
(Heterodon platyrrhinos) which has the power of puffing up its body.
Called also hog-nose snake, flathead, spreading adder, and blowing
adder. Puff bird (Zo\'94l.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family
Bucconid\'91. They are small birds, usually with dull-colored and
loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b).
Puff
Puff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puffing.] [Akin
to G. puffen to pop, buffet, puff, D. poffen to pop, puffen to blow,
Sw. puffa to push, to cuff, Dan. puffe to pop, thump. See Puff, n.]
1. To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.
2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at.
It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation. South.
3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent
exertion.
The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase. L'
Estrange.
4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle.
5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to
assume importance.
Then came brave Glory puffing by. Herbert.
Puff
Puff, v. t.
1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs.
The clearing north will puff the clouds away. Dryden.
2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.
I puff the prostitute away. Dryden.
3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; --
often with up; as a bladder puffed with air.
The sea puffed up with winds. Shak.
4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self-esteem, or the like; -- often
with up.
Puffed up with military success. Jowett (Thucyd. )
5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention
to by praises; to praise unduly. " Puffed with wonderful skill."
Macaulay.
Puff
Puff, a. Puffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.
Puffball
Puff"ball` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon
giganteum, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike
spores when ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff,
and puffin.
Puffer
Puff"er (?), n.
1. One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or extravagant
commendation.
2. One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction
to bid up the price; a by-bidder. Bouvier.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the
species of Tetrodon and Diodon; -- called also blower, puff-fish,
swellfish, and globefish.<-- (of the Tetraodontidae) They are highly
poisonous due to the presence of glands containing a potent toxin,
tetrodotoxin. Nevertheless they are eaten as a delicacy in Japan,
being prepared by specially licensed chefs who remove the poison
glands. --> (b) The common, or harbor, porpoise.
4. (Dyeing) A kier.
Puffery
Puff"er*y (?), n. The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant
commendation.
Puffin
Puf"fin (?), n. [Akin to puff.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) An arctic sea bird Fratercula arctica) allied to the
auks, and having a short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; --
called also bottle nose, cockandy, coulterneb, marrot, mormon, pope,
and sea parrot.
NOTE: &hand; Th e name is also applied to other related species, as
the horned puffin (F. corniculata), the tufted puffin (Lunda
cirrhata), and the razorbill.
Manx puffin, the Manx shearwater. See under Manx.
2. (Bot.) The puffball.
3. A sort of apple. [Obs.] Rider's Dict. (1640).
Puffiness
Puff"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puffy.
Puffing
Puff"ing, a. & n. from Puff, v. i. & t. Puffing adder. (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Puff adder (b), under Puff. -- Puffing pig (Zo\'94l.), the common
porpoise.
Puffingly
Puff"ing*ly, adv. In a puffing manner; with vehement breathing or
shortness of breath; with exaggerated praise.
Puff-leg
Puff"-leg` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of beautiful
humming birds of the genus Eriocnemis having large tufts of downy
feathers on the legs.
Puff-legged
Puff"-legged` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers
on the legs.
Puffy
Puff"y (?), a.
1. Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance;
bloated; fleshy; as, a puffy tumor. " A very stout, puffy man."
Thackeray.
2. Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a puffy style.
Pug
Pug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pugging.]
[Cf. G. pucken to thump. beat.]
1. To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc.
2. To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with
mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound.
See Pugging, 2.
Pug
Pug, n.
1. Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be plastic.
2. A pug mill.
Pug mill, a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for
brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of
an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which is caused to
revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the clay is
placed.
Pug
Pug, n. [Corrupted fr. puck. See Puck.]
1. An elf, or a hobgoblin; also same as Puck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
2. A name for a monkey. [Colloq.] Addison.
3. A name for a fox. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.
4. An intimate; a crony; a dear one. [Obs.] Lyly.
5. pl. Chaff; the refuse of grain. [Obs.] Holland.
6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
7. (Zo\'94l.) One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and
head; a pug dog.
8. (Zo\'94l.) Any geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia.
Pug-faced
Pug"-faced` (?), a. Having a face like a monkey or a pug;
monkey-faced.
Pugger
Pug"ger (?), v. t. To pucker. [Obs.]
Puggered
Pug"gered (?), a. Puckered. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
Pugging
Pug"ging (?), n. [See Pug, v. t.]
1. The act or process of working and tempering clay to make it plastic
and of uniform consistency, as for bricks, for pottery, etc.
2. (Arch.) Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the
boards of a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the
United States usually called deafening.
Pugging
Pug"ging, a. Thieving. [Obs.] Shak.
Pugh
Pugh (?), interj. Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain.
Pugil
Pu"gil (?), n. [L. pugillus, pugillum, a handful, akin to pugnus the
fist.] As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers.
[Obs.] Bacon.
Pugilism
Pu"gil*ism (?), n. [L. pugil a pugilist, boxer, akin to pugnus the
fist. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] The practice of boxing, or fighting with
the fist.
Pugilist
Pu"gil*ist, n. [L. pugil.] One who fights with his fists; esp., a
professional prize fighter; a boxer.
Pugilistic
Pu`gil*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pugillism.
Pugnacious
Pug*na"cious (?), a. [L. pugnax, -acis, fr. pugnare to fight. Cf.
Pugilism, Fist.] Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome;
fighting. --Pug*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Pug*na"cious*ness, n.
Pugnacity
Pug*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. pugnacitas: cf. F. pugnacit\'82.] Inclination
or readiness to fight; quarrelsomeness. " A national pugnacity of
character." Motley.
Pug nose
Pug" nose` (?). A short, thick nose; a snubnose. -- Pug"-nosed` (#),
a. Pug-nose eel (Zo\'94l.), a deep-water marine eel (Simenchelys
parasiticus) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of the halibut.
Puh
Puh (?), interj. The same as Pugh.
Puisne
Puis"ne (p&umac;"n&ycr;), a. [See Puny.]
1. Later in age, time, etc.; subsequent. [Obs.] " A puisne date to
eternity." Sir M. Hale.
2. Puny; petty; unskilled. [Obs.]
3. (Law) Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; as, a chief
justice and three puisne justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the
puisne barons of the Court of Exchequer. Blackstone.
Puisne
Puis"ne, n. One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a
judge of inferior rank.
It were not a work for puisnes and novices. Bp. Hall.
Puisny
Puis"ny (?), a. Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled. [R.]
A puisny tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side. Shak.
Puissance
Pu"is*sance, n. [F., fr.puissant. See Puissant, and cf. Potency,
Potance, Potence.] Power; strength; might; force; potency. " Youths of
puissance." Tennyson.
The power and puissance of the king. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; In Sp enser, Sh akespeare, an d Milton, puissance and
puissant are usually dissyllables.
Puissant
Pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. posse to be
able: cf. L. potens powerful. See Potent.] Powerful; strong; mighty;
forcible; as, a puissant prince or empire. " Puissant deeds." Milton.
Of puissant nations which the world possessed. Spenser.
And worldlings in it are less merciful, And more puissant. Mrs.
Browning.
Puissantly
Pu"is*sant*ly, adv. In a puissant manner; powerfully; with great
strength.
Puissantness
Pu"is*sant*ness, n. The state or quality of being puissant; puissance;
power.
Puit
Puit (?), n. [F. puits, from L. puteus well.] A well; a small stream;
a fountain; a spring. [Obs.]
The puits flowing from the fountain of life. Jer. Taylor.
Puke
Puke (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puking.] [Cf.
G. spucken to spit, and E. spew.] To eject the contests of the
stomach; to vomit; to spew.
The infant Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. Shak.
Puke
Puke, v. t. To eject from the stomach; to vomit up.
Puke
Puke, n. A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.
Puke
Puke, a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Of a color supposed to be between black
and russet. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; Th is color has by some been regarded as the same with
puce; but Nares questions the identity.
Puker
Puk"er (?), n.
1. One who pukes, vomits.
2. That which causes vomiting. Garth .
Pulas
Pu"las (?), n. [Skr. pal\'be&cced;a.] (Bot.) The East Indian
leguminous tree Butea frondosa. See Gum Butea, under Gum. [Written
also pales and palasa.]
Pulchritude
Pul"chri*tude (?), n. [L. pulchritudo, fr. pulcher beautiful.]
1. That quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty;
comeliness; grace; loveliness.
Piercing our heartes with thy pulchritude. Court of Love.
2. Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty.
By the pulchritude of their souls make up what is wanting in the
beauty of their bodies. Ray.
Pule
Pule (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puling.] [F.
piauler; cf. L. pipilare, pipire, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. peep to
chirp.]
1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon.
2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child.
It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule. Barrow.
Puler
Pul"er (?), n. One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak
person.
Pulex
Pu"lex (?), n. [L., a flea.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of parasitic insects
including the fleas. See Flea.
Pulicene
Pu"li*cene (?), a. [From L. pulex, pulicis, a flea.] Pertaining to, or
abounding in, fleas; pulicose.
Pulicose, Pulicous
Pu"li*cose` (?), Pu"li*cous (?), a. [L. pulicosus, from pulex, a
flea.] Abounding with fleas.
Puling
Pul"ing (?), n. A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering.
Leave this faint puling and lament as I do. Shak.
Puling
Pul"ing, a. Whimpering; whining; childish.
Pulingly
Pul"ing*ly, adv. With whining or complaint.
Pulkha
Pulk"ha (?), n. A Laplander's traveling sledge. See Sledge.
Pull
Pull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulling.]
[AS. pullian; cf. LG. pulen, and Gael. peall, piol, spiol.]
1. To draw, or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly.
Ne'er pull your hat upon your brows. Shak.
He put forth his hand . . . and pulled her in. Gen. viii. 9.
2. To draw apart; to tear; to rend.
He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he hath made
me desolate. Lam. iii. 11.
3. To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to
pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.
4. To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to
pull a bell; to pull an oar.
5. (Horse Racing) To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the
favorite was pulled.
6. (Print.) To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses
being worked by pulling a lever.
7. (Cricket) To strike the ball in a particular manner. See Pull, n.,
8.
Never pull a straight fast ball to leg. R. H. Lyttelton.
To pull and haul, to draw hither and thither. " Both are equally
pulled and hauled to do that which they are unable to do. " South. --
To pull down, to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, to pull down a
house. " In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to
pull down than build up." Howell. " To raise the wretched, and pull
down the proud." Roscommon. To pull a finch. See under Finch. To pull
off, take or draw off.<-- (b) to perform (something illegal or
unethical); as, to pull off a heist [robbery]. (c) to accomplish,
against the odds.-->
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Page 1161
Pull
Pull (?), v. i. To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or
hauling; to tug; as, to pull at a rope. To pull apart, to become
separated by pulling; as, a rope will pull apart. -- To pull up, to
draw the reins; to stop; to halt. To pull through, to come
successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a dangerous
sickness, or the like.
Pull
Pull, n.
1. The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move
something by drawing toward one.
I awakened with a violent pull upon the ring which was fastened at
the top of my box. Swift.
2. A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull. Carew.
3. A pluck; loss or violence suffered. [Poetic]
Two pulls at once; His lady banished, and a limb lopped off. Shak.
4. A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a
drawer pull; a bell pull.
5. The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river. [Colloq.]
6. The act of drinking; as, to take a pull at the beer, or the mug.
[Slang] Dickens.
7. Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an
advantage; means of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the
pull. [Slang]
8. (Cricket) A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off
side, or an off ball to the side.
The pull is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket. R. A.
Proctor.
Pullail
Pul"lail (?), n. [F. poulaille.] Poultry. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Pullback
Pull"back` (?), n.
1. That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a
hindrance.
2. (Arch) The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to
hold it party open at a fixed point.
Pulled
Pulled (?) a. Plucked; pilled; moulting. " A pulled hen." Chaucer.
Pullen
Pul"len (?), n. [Cf. L. pullinus belonging to young animals. See
Pullet.] Poultry. [Obs.]
Puller
Pull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pulls.
Proud setter up and puller down of kings. Shak.
Pullet
Pul"let (?), n. [OE. polete, OF. polete, F. poulette, dim. of poule a
hen, fr. L. pullus a young animal, a young fowl. See Foal, and cf.
Poult, Poultry, Pool stake.] A young hen, or female of the domestic
fowl. Pullet sperm, the treadle of an egg. [Obs.] Shak.
Pulley
Pul"ley (?), n.; pl. Pulleys (#). [F. poulie, perhaps of Teutonic
origin (cf. Poll, b. t.); but cf. OE. poleine, polive, pulley, LL.
polanus, and F. poulain, properly, a colt, fr. L. pullus young animal,
foal (cf. Pullet, Foal). For the change of sense, cf. F. poutre beam,
originally, a filly, and E. easel.] (Mach.) A wheel with a broad rim,
or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to,
the different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of
motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain.
NOTE: &hand; The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists,
in its simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning
within a movable frame or block, by means of a cord or rope
attached at one end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free
end of the rope, is thus doubled, but can move the load through
only half the space traversed by itself. The rope may also pass
over a sheave in another block that is fixed. The end of the rope
may be fastened to the movable block, instead of a fixed point,
with an additional gain of power, and using either one or two
sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be added, and the
power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is called by
workmen a block and tackle, or a fall and tackle. See Block. A
single fixed pulley gives no increase of power, but serves simply
for changing the direction of motion.
Band pulley, OR Belt pulley, a pulley with a broad face for
transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for
guiding a belt. -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley. -- Conical pulley,
one of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone,
for varying velocities. -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon
a shaft. -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the
transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys, under
Fast. Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, which
can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal from,
a shaft. -- Pulley block. Same as Block, n. 6. -- Pulley stile
(Arch.), the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed
and along which the sash slides. Split pulley, a parting pulley.
Pulley
Pul"ley, b. t. To raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell.
Pullicate
Pul"li*cate (?), n. A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief.
Pullman car
Pull"man car` (?). [Named after Mr. Pullman, who introduced them.] A
kind of sleeping car; also, a palace car; -- often shortened to
Pullman.
Pullulate
Pul"lu*late (?) v. i. [L. pullulatus, p. p. of pullulare to sprout,
from pullulus a young animal, a sprout, dim. of pullus. See pullet.]
To germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly. Warburton.
Pullulation
Pul`lu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pullulation.] A germinating, or
budding. Dr. H. More.
Pullus
Pul"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulli (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) A chick; a young bird
in the downy stage.
Pulmobranchiata, n. pl. [NL.], Pulmobranchiate
Pul`mo*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.], Pul`mo*bran"chi*ate. (, a. &
n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pulmonibranchiata, -ate.
Pulmocutaneous
Pul`mo*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + E. cutaneous.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the lungs and the akin; as, the pulmocutaneous
arteries of the frog.
Pulmogasteropoda
Pul`mo*gas`te*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. & E. Gasteropoda.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Pulmonata.
Pulmograde
Pul"mo*grade (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + gradi to walk.] (Zo\'94l.)
Swimming by the expansion and contraction, or lunglike movement, of
the body, or of the disk, as do the medus\'91.
Pulmometer
Pul*mom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pulmo a lung + -meter.] (Physiol.) A
spirometer.
Pulmonarian
Pul"mo*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any arachnid that breathes by
lunglike organs, as the spiders and scorpions. Also used adjectively.
Pulmonary
Pul"mo*na*ry (?), a. [L. pulmonarius, from pulmo, -onis, a lung; of
uncertain origin, perh. named from its lightness, and akin to E.
float: cf. F. pulmonaire. Cf. Pneumonia.] Of or pertaining to the
lungs; affecting the lungs; pulmonic. Pulmonary artery. See the Note
under Artery.
Pulmonary
Pul"mo*na*ry, n. [Cf. F. pulmonaire. See Pulmonary, a. ] (Bot.)
Lungwort. Ainsworth.
Pulmonata
Pul`mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. pulmo, -onis, a lung.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite
gastropods, in which the mantle cavity is modified into an
air-breathing organ, as in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden
slugs, and many pond snails, as Limn\'91a and Planorbis.
Pulmonate
Pul"mo*nate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having breathing organs that act as
lungs. (b) Pertaining to the Pulmonata. -- n. One of the Pulmonata.
Pulmonated
Pul"mo*na`ted (?), a. same as Pulmonate (a).
Pulmonibranchiata
Pul`mo*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pulmo, -onis, a lung
+ Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pulmonata.
Pulmonibranchiate
Pul`mo*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pulmonate.
Pulmonic
Pul*mon"ic (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung: cf. F. pulmonique.]
Relating to, or affecting the lungs; pulmonary. -- n. A pulmonic
medicine.
Pulmonifera
Pul`mo*nif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pulmoniferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Pulmonata.
Pulmoniferous
Pul`mo*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung + -ferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having lungs; pulmonate.
Pulp
Pulp (?), n. [L. pulpa flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. pulpe.] A
moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal
or vegetable matter. Specifically: (a) (Anat.) A tissue or part
resembling pulp; especially, the soft, highly vascular and sensitive
tissue which fills the central cavity, called the pulp cavity, of
teeth. (b) (Bot.) The soft, succulent part of fruit; as, the pulp of a
grape. (c) The exterior part of a coffee berry. B. Edwards. (d) The
material of which paper is made when ground up and suspended in water.
Pulp
Pulp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulping.]
1. To reduce to pulp.
2. To deprive of the pulp, or integument.
The other mode is to pulp the coffee immediately as it comes from
the tree. By a simple machine a man will pulp a bushel in a minute.
B. Edwards.
Pulpatoon
Pul`pa*toon" (?), n. [F. poulpeton, poupeton, a sort of ragout.] A
kind of delicate confectionery or cake, perhaps made from the pulp of
fruit. [Obs.] Nares.
Pulpiness
Pulp"i*ness (?), n. the quality or state of being pulpy.
Pulpit
Pul"pit (?), n. [L. pulpitum: cf. OF. pulpite, F. pulpitre.]
1. An elevated place, or inclosed stage, in a church, in which the
clergyman stands while preaching.
I stand like a clerk in my pulpit. Chaucer.
2. The whole body of the clergy; preachers as a class; also,
preaching.
I say the pulpit (in the sober use Of its legitimate, peculiar
powers) Must stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand, The
most important and effectual guard, Support, and ornament of
virtue's cause. Cowper.
3. A desk, or platform, for an orator or public speaker. <-- 4. (Fig.)
An office or condition of public prominence in which a person can gain
wide public attention, thereby permitting him to exhort the public on
moral or political matters. "The presidency is a bully pulpit." -->
Pulpit
Pul"pit, a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit, or preaching; as, a pulpit
orator; pulpit eloquence.
Pulpited
Pul"pit*ed (?), a. Placed in a pulpit. [R.]
Sit . . . at the feet of a pulpited divine. Milton.
Pulpiteer
Pul*pit*eer" (?), n. One who speaks in a pulpit; a preacher; -- so
called in contempt. Howell.
We never can think it sinful that Burns should have been humorous
on such a pulpiteer. Prof. Wilson.
Pulpiter
Pul"pit*er (?), n. A preacher. [Obs.]
Pulpitical
Pul*pit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit; suited to the
pulpit. [R.] -- Pul*pit"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Chesterfield.
Pulpitish
Pul"pit*ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit; like preaching.
Chalmers.
Pulpitry
Pul"pit*ry (?), n. The teaching of the pulpit; preaching. [R. & Obs.]
" Mere pulpitry." Milton.
Pulpous
Pulp"ous (?), a. [L. pulposus: cf. F. pulpeux. See Pulp.] Containing
pulp; pulpy. " Pulpous fruit." J. Philips. -- Pulp"ous*ness, n.
Pulpy
Pulp"y (?), n. Like pulp; consisting of pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent;
as, the pulpy covering of a nut; the pulpy substance of a peach or a
cherry.
Pulque
Pul"que (?), n. [Sp.] An intoxicating Mexican drink. See Agave.
Pulsate
Pul"sate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pulsated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pulsating.] [L. pulsatus, p. p. of pulsare to beat, strike, v. intens.
fr. pellere to beat, strike, drive. See Pulse a beating, and cf.
Pulse, v.] To throb, as a pulse; to beat, as the heart.
The heart of a viper or frog will continue to pulsate long after it
is taken from the body. E. Darwin.
Pulsatile
Pul"sa*tile (?), a. [Cf. It. pulsatile, Sp. pulsatil.]
1. Capable of being struck or beaten; played by beating or by
percussion; as, a tambourine is a pulsatile musical instrument.
2. Pulsating; throbbing, as a tumor.
Pulsatilla
Pul`sa*til"la (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ranunculaceous herbs
including the pasque flower. This genus is now merged in Anemone. Some
species, as Anemone Pulsatilla, Anemone pratensis, and Anemone patens,
are used medicinally.
Pulsation
Pul*sa"tion (?), n. [L. pulsatio a beating or striking: cf. F.
pulsation.]
1. (Physiol.) A beating or throbbing, especially of the heart or of an
artery, or in an inflamed part; a beat of the pulse.
2. A single beat or throb of a series.
3. A stroke or impulse by which some medium is affected, as in the
propagation of sounds.
4. (Law) Any touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This
constitutes battery.
By the Cornelian law, pulsation as well as verberation is
prohibited. Blackstone.
Pulsative
Pul"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatif.] Beating; throbbing.
Pulsator
Pul*sa"tor (?), n. [L.]
1. A beater; a striker.
2. (Mech.) That which beats or throbs in working.
Pulsatory
Pul"sa*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatoire.] Capable of pulsating;
throbbing. Sir H. Wotton. .
Pulse
Pulse (?), n. [OE. puls, L. puls, pultis, a thick pap or pottage made
of meal, pulse, etc. See Poultice, and cf. Pousse.] Leguminous plants,
or their seeds, as beans, pease, etc.
If all the world Should, in a pet of temperance, feed on pulse.
Milton.
Pulse
Pulse, n. [OE. pous, OF. pous, F. pouls, fr. L. pulsus (sc. venarum),
the beating of the pulse, the pulse, from pellere, pulsum, to beat,
strike; cf. Gr. Appeal, Compel, Impel, Push.]
1. (Physiol.) The beating or throbbing of the heart or blood vessels,
especially of the arteries.
NOTE: &hand; In an ar tery th e pulse is due to the expansion and
contraction of the elastic walls of the artery by the action of the
heart upon the column of blood in the arterial system. On the
commencement of the diastole of the ventricle, the semilunar valves
are closed, and the aorta recoils by its elasticity so as to force
part of its contents into the vessels farther onwards. These, in
turn, as they already contain a certain quantity of blood, expand,
recover by an elastic recoil, and transmit the movement with
diminished intensity. Thus a series of movements, gradually
diminishing in intensity, pass along the arterial system (see the
Note under Heart). For the sake of convenience, the radial artery
at the wrist is generally chosen to detect the precise character of
the pulse. The pulse rate varies with age, position, sex, stature,
physical and psychical influences, etc.
2. Any measured or regular beat; any short, quick motion, regularly
repeated, as of a medium in the transmission of light, sound, etc.;
oscillation; vibration; pulsation; impulse; beat; movement.
The measured pulse of racing oars. Tennyson.
When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single
pulse of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous
parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke.
Burke.
Pulse glass, an instrument consisting to a glass tube with terminal
bulbs, and containing ether or alcohol, which the heat of the hand
causes to boil; -- so called from the pulsating motion of the liquid
when thus warmed. Pulse wave (Physiol.), the wave of increased
pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the
semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing
in the smaller branches.
the pulse wave travels over the arterial system at the rate of
about 29.5 feet in a second. H. N. Martin.
-- To feel one's pulse. (a) To ascertain, by the sense of feeling, the
condition of the arterial pulse. (b) Hence, to sound one's opinion; to
try to discover one's mind.<-- = to take the pulse of -->
Pulse
Pulse, v. i. To beat, as the arteries; to move in pulses or beats; to
pulsate; to throb. Ray.
Pulse
Pulse, v. t. [See Pulsate, Pulse a beating.] To drive by a pulsation;
to cause to pulsate. [R.]
Pulseless
Pulse"less, a. Having no pulsation; lifeless.
Pulselessness
Pulse"less*ness, n. The state of being pulseless.
Pulsific
Pul*sif"ic (?), a. [Pulse + L. facere to make.] Exciting the pulse;
causing pulsation.
Pulsimeter
Pul*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.] (Physiol.) A sphygmograph.
Pulsion
Pul"sion (?), n. [L. pulsio, fr. pellere, pulsum, to drive: cf. F.
pulsion.] The act of driving forward; propulsion; -- opposed to
suction or traction. [R.]
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1162
Pulsive
Pul"sive (?), a. Tending to compel; compulsory. [R.] "The pulsive
strain of conscience." Marston.
Pulsometer
Pul*som"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.]
1. A device, with valves, for raising water by steam, partly by
atmospheric pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on
the water, without the intervention of a piston; -- also called vacuum
pump.<-- sounds like a steam aspirator, perhaps with other
attachments. No figure. "vacuum pump" is usu. reserved for a
mechanical device to create a vacuum, nothing to do with raising
water. -->
2. A pulsimeter.
Pult
Pult (?), v. t. To put. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Pultaceous
Pul*ta"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. pultac\'82. See 1st Pulse.] Macerated;
softened; nearly fluid.
Pultesse, Pultise
Pul"tesse (?), Pul"tise (?), n. Poultry. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pulu
Pu"lu (?), n. A vegetable substance consisting of soft, elastic,
yellowish brown chaff, gathered in the Hawaiian Islands from the young
fronds of free ferns of the genus Cibotium, chiefly C. Menziesii; --
used for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc., and as an absorbent.
Purverable
Pur"ver*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being reduced to fine powder. Boyle.
Pulveraceous
Pul`ver*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Having a finely powdered surface;
pulverulent.
Pulverate
Pul"ver*ate (?), v. t. [L. pulveratus, p. p. of pulverare to
pulverize. See Pulverize.] To beat or reduce to powder or dust; to
pulverize. [R.]
Pulverine
Pul"ver*ine (?), n. [L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder; cf. F.
pulv\'82rin.] Ashes of barilla. Ure.
Pulverizable
Pul"ver*i`za*ble (?), a. Admitting of being pulverized; pulverable.
Barton.
Pulverization
Pul`ver*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pulv\'82risation.] The action of
reducing to dust or powder.
Pulverize
Pul"ver*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulverized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pulverizing (?).] [F. pulv\'82riser, L. pulverizare, fr. pulvis dust,
powder. See Powder.] To reduce of fine powder or dust, as by beating,
grinding, or the like; as, friable substances may be pulverized by
grinding or beating, but to pulverize malleable bodies other methods
must be pursued.
Pulverize
Pul"ver*ize, v. i. To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust; as,
the stone pulverizes easily.
Pulverizer
Pul"ver*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, pulverizes.
Pulverous
Pul"ver*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. pulvereus, from pulvis, pulveris, dust,
powder.] Consisting of dust or powder; like powder.
Pulverulence
Pul*ver"u*lence (?), n. The state of being pulverulent; abundance of
dust or powder; dustiness.
Pulverulent
Pul*ver"u*lent (?), a. [L. pulverulentus, fr. pulvis, pulveris, dust,
powder: cf. F. pulv\'82rulent.] Consisting of, or reducible to, fine
powder; covered with dust or powder; powdery; dusty.
Pulvil
Pul"vil (?), n. [It. polviglio, fr. L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder:
cf. Sp. polvillo.] A sweet-scented powder; pulvillio. [Written also
pulville.] [Obs.] Gay.
Pulvil
Pul"vil, v. t. To apply pulvil to. [Obs.] Congreve.
Pulvillio, Pulvillo
Pul*vil"li*o (?), Pul*vil"lo (?), n. [See Pulvil.] A kind of perfume
in the form of a powder, formerly much used, -- often in little bags.
Smells of incense, ambergris, and pulvillios. Addison.
Pulvillus
Pul*vil"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvilli (#). [L., a little cushion.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the minute cushions on the feet of certain insects.
Pulvinar
Pul*vi"nar (?), n. [L., a cushion.] (Anat.) A prominence on the
posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain.
Pulvinate, Pulvinated
Pul"vi*nate (?), Pul"vi*na`ted (?), a. [L. pulvinatus, fr. pulvinus a
cushion, an elevation.]
1. (Arch.) Curved convexly or swelled; as, a pulvinated frieze. Brande
& C.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the form of a cushion.
Pulvinic
Pul*vin"ic (?), a. [From Vulpinic, by transposition of the letters.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance.
Pulvinulus
Pul*vin"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvinuli (#). [L., a little mound.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Pulvillus.
Puma
Pu"ma (?), n. [Peruv. puma.] (Zo\'94l.) A large American carnivore
(Felis concolor), found from Canada to Patagonia, especially among the
mountains. Its color is tawny, or brownish yellow, without spots or
stripes. Called also catamount, cougar, American lion, mountain lion,
and panther or painter.
Pume
Pume (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A stint.
Pumicate
Pu"mi*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pumicating.] [L. pumicatus, p. p. of pumicare to pumicate, fr. pumex.
See Pumice.] To make smooth with pumice. [R.]
Pumice
Pum"ice (?), n. [L. pumex, pumicis, prob. akin to spuma foam: cf. AS.
pumic-st\'ben. Cf. Pounce a powder, Spume.] (Min.) A very light porous
volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color, the pores of which are
capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed
to be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or
plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in the form of powder, for
smoothing and polishing. Called also pumice stone.
Pumiced
Pum"iced (?), a. (Far.) Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in
which there is a growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone
and the hoof wall. The disease is called pumiced foot, or pumice foot.
Pumiceous
Pu*mi`ceous (?), a. [L. pumiceus.] Of or pertaining to pumice;
resembling pumice.
Pumice stone
Pum"ice stone` (?). Same as Pumice.
Pumiciform
Pu*mic"i*form (?), a. [Pumice + -form.] Resembling, or having the
structure of, pumice.
Pummace
Pum"mace (?), n. Same as Pomace.
Pummel
Pum"mel (?), n. & v. t. Same as Pommel.
Pump
Pump (p&ucr;mp), n. [Probably so called as being worn for pomp or
ornament. See Pomp.] A low shoe with a thin sole.<-- MW10 says
"close-fitting shoe with moderate to high heel". Usage changed? -->
Swift.
Pump
Pump, n. [Akin to D. pomp, G. pumpe, F. pompe; of unknown origin.] An
hydraulic machine, variously constructed, for raising or transferring
fluids, consisting essentially of a moving piece or piston working in
a hollow cylinder or other cavity, with valves properly placed for
admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn or driven through them
by the action of the piston. <-- this definition is for a mechanical
pump. A peristaltic pump would not fit this def. MW10: "a device that
raises, transfers, or compresses fluids . . . by suction or pressure
or both." -->
NOTE: &hand; fo r various kinds of pumps, see Air pump, Chain pump,
and Force pump; also, under Lifting, Plunger, Rotary, etc.
Circulating pump (Steam Engine), a pump for driving the condensing
water through the casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser. -- Pump
brake. See Pump handle, below. -- Pump dale. See Dale. -- Pump gear,
the apparatus belonging to a pump. Totten. -- Pump handle, the lever,
worked by hand, by which motion is given to the bucket of a pump. --
Pump hood, a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel of a
chain pump. -- Pump rod, the rod to which the bucket of a pump is
fastened, and which is attached to the brake or handle; the piston
rod. -- Pump room, a place or room at a mineral spring where the
waters are drawn and drunk. [Eng.] -- Pump spear. Same as Pump rod,
above. -- Pump stock, the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump.
-- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well.<-- vacuum pump, a pump which creates a
vacuum by removing gas (usually air) from a container. Mechanical
vacuum pump, a vacuum pump operating by the motion of a piston or
rotary blade in a chamber, as contrasted with an aspirator.
Persistaltic pump, a pump transferring fluids by peristaltic action on
a flexible tube. Such pumps are used where a gentle pumping action is
desired, or the transferred fluid may be harmed in a mechanical pump;
as in the infusion of fluids into blood vessels of the body, or the
pumping of explosive or easily decomposed fluids. -->
Pump
Pump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumped (p&ucr;mt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n.
pumping.]
1. To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid.
2. To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a pump;
as, they pumped the well dry; to pump a ship.
3. Figuratively, to draw out or obtain, as secrets or money, by
persistent questioning or plying; to question or ply persistently in
order to elicit something, as information, money, etc.
But pump not me for politics. Otway.
Pump
Pump, v. i. To work, or raise water, a pump.
Pumpage
Pump"age (?), n. That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by
pumps.
The pumpage last year amounted to . . . gallons. Sci. Amer.
Pumper
Pump"er (?), n. One who pumps; the instrument or machine used in
pumping. Boyle.
Pumpernickel
Pump"er*nick`el (?), n. [G.] A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye,
which forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but
nourishing.
Pumpet
Pum"pet (?), n. A pompet. Pumpet ball (Print.), a ball for inking
types; a pompet.
Pumping
Pump"ing, a. & n. from pump. Pumping engine, a steam engine and pump
combined for raising water. See Steam engine.
Pumpion
Pump"ion (?), n. (Bot.) See Pumpkin.
Pumpkin
Pump"kin (?), n. [For older pompion, pompon, OF. pompon, L. pepo,
peponis, Gr. Cook, n.] (Bot.) A well-known trailing plant (Cucurbita
pepo) and its fruit, -- used for cooking and for feeding stock; a
pompion. Pumpkin seed. (a) The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin. (b)
(Zo\'94l.) The common pondfish.
Pumy
Pu"my (?), a. [Cf. Prov. E. pummer big, large, and E. pomey pommel.]
Large and rounded. [Obs.]
A gentle stream, whose murmuring wave did play Amongst the pumy
stones. Spenser.
Pun
Pun (?), v. t. [See Pound to beat.] To pound. [Obs.]
He would pun thee into shivers with his fist. Shak.
Pun
Pun, n. [Cf. Pun to pound, Pound to beat.] A play on words which have
the same sound but different meanings; an expression in which two
different applications of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a
kind of quibble or equivocation. Addison.
A better put on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it
was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay. Walpole.
Pun
Pun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Punned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punning.] To make
puns, or a pun; to use a word in a double sense, especially when the
contrast of ideas is ludicrous; to play upon words; to quibble.
Dryden.
Pun
Pun, v. t. To persuade or affect by a pun. Addison.
Punch
Punch (?), n. [Hind. p\'bench five, Skr. pacan. So called because
composed of five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and
lemon juice. See Five.] A beverage composed of wine or distilled
liquor, water (or milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or
mint; -- specifically named from the kind of spirit used; as rum
punch, claret punch, champagne punch, etc.<-- (b) a nonalcoholic
beverage, usually composed of a mixture of fruit juices --> Milk
punch, a sort of punch made with spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc. --
Punch bowl, a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is
served. -- Roman punch, a punch frozen and served as an ice.
Punch
Punch, n. [Abbrev, fr. punchinello.] The buffoon or harlequin of a
puppet show. Punch and Judy, a puppet show in which a comical little
hunchbacked Punch, with a large nose, engages in altercation with his
wife Judy.
Punch
Punch (?), n. [Prov. E. Cf. Punchy.]
1. A short, fat fellow; anything short and thick.
I . . . did hear them call their fat child punch, which pleased me
mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that
is thick and short. Pepys.
2. One of a breed of large, heavy draught horses; as, the Suffolk
punch.
Punch
Punch, v. t. [OE. punchen, perhaps the same word as E. punish: or cf.
E. bunch.] To thrust against; to poke; as, to punch one with the end
of a stick or the elbow.
Punch
Punch, n. A thrust or blow. [Colloq.]
Punch
Punch, n. [Abbrev. fr. puncheon.]
1. A tool, usually of steel, variously shaped at one end for different
uses, and either solid, for stamping or for perforating holes in
metallic plates and other substances, or hollow and sharpedged, for
cutting out blanks, as for buttons, steel pens, jewelry, and the like;
a die.
2. (Pile Driving) An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a
dolly.
3. A prop, as for the roof of a mine.
Bell punch. See under Bell. -- Belt punch (Mach.), a punch, or punch
pliers, for making holes for lacings in the ends of driving belts. --
Punch press. See Punching machine, under Punch, v. i. -- Punch pliers,
pliers having a tubular, sharp-edged steel punch attached to one of
the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the like.
Punch
Punch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punching.]
[From Punch, n., a tool; cf. F. poin&cced;onner.] To perforate or
stamp with an instrument by pressure, or a blow; as, to punch a hole;
to punch ticket. Punching machine, OR Punching press, a machine tool
for punching holes in metal or other material; -- called also punch
press.
Puncheon
Punch"eon (?), n. [F. poin&cced;on awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr.
L. punctio a pricking, fr. pungere to prick. See Pungent, and cf.
Punch a tool, Punction.]
1. A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.
2. (Carp.) A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post;
an intermediate stud. Oxf. Gloss.
3. A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; as, a floor made
of puncheons. [U.S.] Bartlett.
4. [F. poin&cced;on, perh. the same as poin&cced;on an awl.] A cask
containing, sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons.
Puncher
Punch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, punches.
Punchin
Pun"chin (?), n. See Puncheon.
Punchinello
Pun`chi*nel"lo (?), n. [It. pulcinella, probably originally a word of
endearment, dim. of pulcina, pulcino, a chicken, from L. pullicenus,
pullus. See Pullet.] A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show,
a character represented as fat, short, and humpbacked. Spectator.
Punchy
Punch"y (?), a. [Perhaps for paunchy, from paunch. See 3d Punch.]
Short and thick, or fat.
Punctated, Punctated
Punc"ta*ted (?), Punc"ta*ted (?), a. [From L. punctum point. See Point
.]
1. Pointed; ending in a point or points.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Dotted with small spots of color, or with minute
depressions or pits.
Punctator
Punc*ta"tor (?), n. One who marks with points. specifically, one who
writes Hebrew with points; -- applied to a Masorite. E. Robinson.
Puncticular
Punc*tic"u*lar (?), a. Comprised in, or like, a point; exact. [Obs. &
R.] Sir T. Browne.
Punctiform
Punc"ti*form (?), a. [L. punctum point + -form.] Having the form of a
point.
Punctilio
Punc*til"io (?), n.; pl. Punctilios (#). [It. puntiglio, or Sp.
puntillo, dim. fr. L. punctum point. See Point, n.] A nice point of
exactness in conduct, ceremony, or proceeding; particularity or
exactness in forms; as, the punctilios of a public ceremony.
They will not part with the least punctilio in their opinions and
practices. Fuller
.
Punctillous
Punc*til"lous (?), a. [Cf. It. puntiglioso, Sp. puntilloso.] Attentive
to punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of behavior, etiquette,
or mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the smallest particulars. "A
punctilious observance of divine laws." Rogers. "Very punctilious
copies of any letters. The Nation.
Punctilious in the simple and intelligible instances of common
life. I. Taylor.
-- Punc*til"ious*ly, adv. -- Punc*til"ious*ness, n.
Punction
Punc"tion (?), n. [L. punctio, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick: cf. F.
ponction. Cf. Puncheon.] A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture.
Punctist
Punc"tist (?), n. A punctator. E. Henderson.
Puncto
Punc"to (?), n. [See Punto.]
1. A nice point of form or ceremony. Bacon.
2. A term applied to the point in fencing. Farrow.
Punctual
Punc"tu*al (?), a. [F. ponctuel (cf. Sp.puntual, It. puntuale), from
L. punctum point. See Point.]
1. Consisting in a point; limited to a point; unextended. [R.] "This
punctual spot." Milton.
The theory of the punctual existence of the soul. Krauth.
2. Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise.
Punctual to tediousness in all that he relates. Bp. Burnet.
So much on punctual niceties they stand. C. Pitt.
3. Appearing or done at, or adhering exactly to, a regular or an
appointed time; precise; prompt; as, a punctual man; a punctual
payment. "The race of the undeviating and punctual sun." Cowper.
These sharp strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady
intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem
like the punctual stops counting off our very souls into the past.
J. Martineau.
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Punctualist
Punc"tu*al*ist (?), n. One who is very exact in observing forms and
ceremonies. Milton.
Punctuality
Punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctualit\'82.] The quality or state
of being punctual; especially, adherence to the exact time of an
engagement; exactness.
Punctually
Punc"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly.
Punctualness
Punc"tu*al*ness, n. Punctuality; exactness.
Punctuate
Punc"tu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Punctuating.] [Cf. F. ponctuer. See Punctual.] To mark with points; to
separate into sentences, clauses, etc., by points or stops which mark
the proper pauses in expressing the meaning.
Punctuation
Punc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctuation.] (Gram.) The act or art of
punctuating or pointing a writing or discourse; the art or mode of
dividing literary composition into sentences, and members of a
sentence, by means of points, so as to elucidate the author's meaning.
NOTE: &hand; Pu nctuation, as th e te rm is usually understood, is
chiefly performed with four points: the period [.], the colon [:],
the semicolon [;], and the comma [,]. Other points used in writing
and printing, partly rhetorical and partly grammatical, are the
note of interrogation [?], the note of exclamation [!], the
parentheses [()], the dash [--], and brackets []. It was not until
the 16th century that an approach was made to the present system of
punctuation by the Manutii of Venice. With Caxton, oblique strokes
took the place of commas and periods.
Punctuative
Punc"tu*a*tive (?), a. Of or belonging to points of division; relating
to punctuation.
The punctuative intonation of feeble cadence. Rush.
Punctuator
Punc"tu*a`tor (?), n. One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically,
a punctator.
Punctuist
Punc"tu*ist, n. A punctator.
Punctulate, Punctulated
Punc"tu*late (?), Punc"tu*la`ted (?), a. [L. punctulum, dim. of
punctum point.] Marked with small spots.
The studs have their surface punctulated, as if set all over with
other studs infinitely lesser. Woodward.
Punctum
Punc"tum (?), n. [L., a point.] A point. Punctum c\'91cum. [L., blind
point.] (Anat.) Same as Blind spot, under Blind. -- Punctum proximum,
near point. See under Point. -- Punctum remotum, far point. See under
Point. -- Punctum vegetationis [L., point of vegetation] (Bot.), the
terminal cell of a stem, or of a leaf bud, from which new growth
originates.
Puncturation
Punc`tu*ra"tion (?), n. The act or process of puncturing. See
Acupuncture.
Puncture
Punc"ture (?), n. [L. punctura, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See
Pungent.]
1. The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed.
2. A small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; as,
the puncture of a nail, needle, or pin.
A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp. Rambler.
Puncture
Punc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puncturing.] To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like;
to prick; to make a puncture in; as, to puncture the skin.
Punctured
Punc"tured (?), a.
1. Having the surface covered with minute indentations or dots.
2. (Med.) Produced by puncture; having the characteristics of a
puncture; as, a punctured wound.
Pundit
Pun"dit (?), n. [Hind. pandit, Skr. pandita a learned man.] A learned
man; a teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the Sanskrit language, and
in the science, laws, and religion of the Hindoos; in Cashmere, any
clerk or native official. [Written also pandit.] [India]
Pundle
Pun"dle (?), n. [Cf. Bundle.] A short and fat woman; a squab. [Obs.]
Punese
Pu"nese (?), n. [F. punaise, fr. punais stinking, fr. L. putere.]
(Zo\'94l.) A bedbug. [R or Obs.]
Pung
Pung (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one
horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners. [U.S.]
Sledges or pungs, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted
with a large crockery crate. Judd.
They did not take out the pungs to-day. E. E. Hale.
Pungence
Pun"gence (?), n. [See Pungent.] Pungency.
Pungency
Pun"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pungent or piercing;
keenness; sharpness; piquancy; as, the pungency of ammonia. "The
pungency of menaces." Hammond.
Pungent
Pun"gent (?), a. [L. pungens, -entis, p. pr. of pungere, punctum, to
prick. Cf. Compunction, Expunge, Poignant, Point, n., Puncheon,
Punctilio, Punt, v. t.]
1. Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste, smell, or feelings;
pricking; biting; acrid; as, a pungent spice.
Pungent radish biting infant's tongue. Shenstone.
The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope.
2. Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging.
With pungent pains on every side. Swift.
His pungent pen played its part in rousing the nation. J. R. Green.
3. (Bot.) Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp. Syn. -- Acrid; piercing;
sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious; biting; stinging.
Pungently
Pun"gent*ly, adv. In a pungent manner; sharply.
Pungled
Pun"gled (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Shriveled or shrunken; -- said
especially of grain which has lost its juices from the ravages of
insects, such as the wheat midge, or Trips (Thrips cerealium).
Pungy
Pung"y (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A small sloop or shallop, or a
large boat with sails.
Punic
Pu"nic (?), a. [L. Punicus pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants,
fr. Poeni the Carthaginians.]
1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.
2. Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless;
treacherous; as, Punic faith.
Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own; 'T is Punic all, and to
a proverb known. H. Brooke.
Punice
Pu"nice (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Punese. [Obs. or R.]
Punice
Pu"nice, v. t. To punish. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Puniceous, Punicial
Pu*ni"ceous (?), Pu*ni"cial (?), a. [L. puniceus, fr. Punicus Punic.]
Of a bright red or purple color. [R.]
Puniness
Pu"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puny; littleness;
pettiness; feebleness.
Punish
Pun"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Punishing.] [OE. punischen, F. punir, from L. punire, punitum, akin to
poena punishment, penalty. See Pain, and -ish.]
1. To impose a penalty upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering
for a crime or fault, either with or without a view to the offender's
amendment; to cause to suffer in retribution; to chasten; as, to
punish traitors with death; a father punishes his child for willful
disobedience.
A greater power Now ruled him, punished in the shape he sinned.
Milton.
2. To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay,
as a fault, crime, etc., with pain or loss; as, to punish murder or
treason with death.
3. To injure, as by beating; to pommel. [Low] Syn. -- To chastise;
castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct; discipline. See Chasten.
Punishable
Pun"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. punissable.] Deserving of, or liable to,
punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; -- said of
person or offenses.
That time was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by
law as punishable as to be a traitor. Milton.
-- Pun"ish*a*ble*ness, n.
Punisher
Pun"ish*er (?), n. One who inflicts punishment.
Punishment
Pun"ish*ment (?), n.
1. The act of punishing.
2. Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a
crime or offense.
I never gave them condign punishment. Shak.
The rewards and punishments of another life. Locke.
3. (Law) A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted
offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of
reformation and prevention.
Punition
Pu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. punitio: cf. F. punition. See Punish.]
Punishment. [R.] Mir. for Mag.
Punitive
Pu"ni*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to punishment; involving,
awarding, or inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice.
If death be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon
man of toiling for his subsistence. I. Taylor.
We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand. Bagehot.
Punitory
Pu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.
God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time
both prudential and punitory. A. Tucker.
Punk
Punk (?), n. [Cf. Spunk.]
1. Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder;
touchwood.
2. A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder;
agaric.
3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk.
4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak.
Punka
Pun"ka (?), n. [Hind. pankh\'be fan.] A machine for fanning a room,
usually a movable fanlike frame covered with canvas, and suspended
from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord. [Hindostan]
[Written also punkah.] Malcom.
Punkin
Pun"kin (?), n. A pumpkin. [Colloq. U. S.]
Punkling
Punk"ling (?), n. A young strumpet. [Obs.]
Punner
Pun"ner (?), n. A punster. Beau. & Fl.
Punnet
Pun"net (?), n. [Cf. Ir. buinne a shoot, branch.] A broad, shallow
basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.
Punnology
Pun*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Pun + -logy.] The art or practice of punning;
paronomasia. [R.] Pope.
Punster
Pun"ster (?), n. One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning;
a quibbler; a low wit.
Punt
Punt (?), v. i. [F. ponter, or It. puntare, fr. L. punctum point. See
Point.] To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.
She heard . . . of his punting at gaming tables. Thackeray.
Punt
Punt, n. Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.
Punt
Punt, n. [AS., fr. L. ponto punt, pontoon. See Pontoon.] (Naut.) A
flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow
waters.
Punt
Punt, v. t.
1. To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a pole
against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion.
Livingstone.
2. (Football) To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when
let fall from the hands.
Punt
Punt, n. (Football) The act of punting the ball.
Punter
Punt"er (?), n.[Cf. F. ponte. See Punt, v. t.] One who punts;
specifically, one who plays against the banker or dealer, as in
baccara and faro. Hoyle.
Punter
Punt"er, n. One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.
Puntil, Puntel
Pun"til (?), Pun"tel (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.
Punto
Pun"to (?), n. [It. punto, L. punctum point. See Point.] (Fencing) A
point or hit. Punto diritto [It.], a direct stroke or hit. -- Punto
reverso [It. riverso reverse], a backhanded stroke. Halliwell. "Ah,
the immortal passado! the punto reverso!" Shak.
Punty
Pun"ty (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.
Puny
Pu"ny (?), a. [Compar. Punier (?); superl. Puniest.] [F. pu\'8ct\'82
younger, later born, OF. puisn\'82; puis afterwards (L. post; see
Post-) + n\'82 born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.] Imperfectly
developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty.
A puny subject strikes at thy great glory. Shak.
Breezes laugh to scorn our puny speed. Keble.
Puny
Pu"ny (?), n. A youth; a novice. [R.] Fuller.
Puoy
Puoy (?), n. Same as Poy, n., 3.
Pup
Pup (?), n. [See Puppy.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young dog; a puppy. (b) a
young seal.<-- any young canine? -->
Pup
Pup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pupped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pupping.] To
bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.
Pupa
Pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. Pup (#), E. Pupas (#). [L. pupa girl. doll,
puppet, fem. of pupus. Cf. Puppet.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any insect in that stage of its metamorphosis which
usually immediately precedes the adult, or imago, stage.
NOTE: &hand; Am ong in sects belonging to the higher orders, as the
Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes
no food; in the lower orders it is active and takes food, and
differs little from the imago except in the rudimentary state of
the sexual organs, and of the wings in those that have wings when
adult. The term pupa is sometimes applied to other invertebrates in
analogous stages of development.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of air-breathing land snails having an elongated
spiral shell.
Coarctate, OR Obtected, pupa, a pupa which is incased in the dried-up
skin of the larva, as in many Diptera. -- Masked pupa, a pupa whose
limbs are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as
in Lepidoptera.
Pupal
Pu"pal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition
of a pupa.
Pupate
Pu"pate (?), v. i. (Zo\'94l.) To become a pupa.
Pupation
Pu*pa"tion (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) the act of becoming a pupa.
Pupe
Pupe (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A pupa.
Pupelo
Pu*pe"lo (?), n. Cider brandy. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.
Pupigerous
Pu*pig"er*ous, a. [Pupa + -gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing or containing a
pupa; -- said of dipterous larv\'91 which do not molt when the pupa is
formed within them.
Pupil
Pu"pil (?), n. [F. pupille, n. fem., L. pupilla the pupil of the eye,
originally dim. of pupa a girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil a scholar.]
(Anat.) The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the
eye. See the Note under Eye, and Iris. Pin-hole pupil (Med.), the
pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it sometimes is in typhus, or
opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole. Dunglison.
Pupil
Pu"pil, n. [F. pupille, n. masc. & fem., L. pupillus, pupilla, dim. of
pupus boy, pupa girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil of the eye.]
1. A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or
tutor.
Too far in years to be a pupil now. Shak.
Tutors should behave reverently before their pupils. L'Estrange.
2. A person under a guardian; a ward. Dryden.
3. (Civil Law) A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is,
under fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female. Syn. --
Learner; disciple; tyro. -- See Scholar.
Pupilage
Pu"pil*age (?), n. The state of being a pupil.
As sons of kings, loving in pupilage, Have turned to tyrants when
they came to power. Tennyson.
Pupillarity
Pu`pil*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pupillarit\'82. See Pupillary.] (Scots
Law) The period before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males,
and twelve in females.
Pupillary
Pu"pil*la*ry (?), a. [L. pupillaris: cf. F.pupillaire. See Pupil.]
1. Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward. Johnson.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.
Pupillometer
Pu`pil*lom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pupilla pupil of the eye + -meter.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the size of the pupil of the
pupil of the eye.
Pupipara
Pu*pip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupiparous.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Diptera in which the young are born in a stage like the pupa. It
includes the sheep tick, horse tick, and other parasites. Called also
Homaloptera.
Pupiparous
Pu*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. parere to bring forth.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Bearing, or containing, a pupa; -- said of the matured larv\'91,
or larval skins, of certain Diptera. (b) Of or pertaining to the
Pupipara.
Pupivora
Pu*piv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
parasitic Hymenoptera, including the ichneumon flies, which destroy
the larv\'91 and pup\'91 of insects.
Pupivorous
Pu*piv"o*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. vorare to devour.] (Zo\'94l.) Feeding
on the pup\'91 of insects.
Puplican
Pup"li*can (?), n. Publican. [Obs.]
Puppet
Pup"pet (?), n. [OE. popet, OF. poupette; akin to F. poup\'82e a doll,
probably from L. puppa, pupa, a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. Poupeton,
Pupa, Pupil, Puppy.] [Written also poppet.]
1. A small image in the human form; a doll.
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2. A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a
marionette; a wooden actor in a play.
At the pipes of some carved organ move, The gilded puppets dance.
Pope.
3. One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; -- so
used in contempt. Sir W. Scott.
4. (Mach.) The upright support for the bearing of the spindle in a
lathe.
Puppet master. Same as Puppetman. -- Puppet play, a puppet show. --
Puppet player, one who manages the motions of puppets. -- Puppet show,
a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires. -- Puppet valve, a
valve in the form of a circular disk, which covers a hole in its seat,
and opens by moving bodily away from the seat while remaining parallel
with it, -- used in steam engines, pumps, safety valves, etc. Its edge
is often beveled, and fits in a conical recess in the seat when the
valve is closed. See the valves shown in Illusts. of Plunger pump, and
Safety valve, under Plunger, and Safety.
Puppetish
Pup"pet*ish (?), a. Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of
the nature of a puppet.
Puppetman
Pup"pet*man (?), n. A master of a puppet show.
Puppetry
Pup"pet*ry (?), n. Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet,
or puppet show; hence, mere form or show; affectation.
Puppetry of the English laws of divorce. Chambers.
Puppy
Pup"py (?), n.; pl. Puppies (#). [F. poup\'82e doll, puppet. See
Puppet, and cf. Pup, n.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The young of a canine animal, esp. of the common dog; a
whelp.
2. A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent
person.
I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward puppy with a money
bag under each arm. Addison.
Puppy
Pup"py, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puppied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puppying.] To
bring forth whelps; to pup.
Puppyhood
Pup"py*hood (?), n. The time or state of being a puppy; the time of
being young and undisciplined.
Puppyish
Pup"py*ish, a. Like a puppy.
Puppyism
Pup"py*ism (?), n. Extreme meanness, affectation, conceit, or
impudence. A. Chalmers.
Pur
Pur (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purring.] [Of
imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring,
continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also purr.]
Pur
Pur, v. t. To signify or express by purring. Gray.
Pur
Pur, n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment
or pleasure. [Written also purr.]
Purana
Pu*ra"na (?), n. [Skr. pur\'be, properly. old, ancient, fr. pur\'be
formerly.] One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the
Sanskrit language which treat of the creation, destruction, and
renovation of worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and
heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and the transactions of their
descendants. The principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there
are the same number of supplementary books called Upa Puranas.
Puranic
Pu*ran"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Puranas.
Purbeck beds
Pur"beck beds` (?). [So called from the Isle of Purbeck in England.]
(Geol.) The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone,
belonging to the O\'94litic group. See the Chart of Geology.
Purbeck stone
Pur"beck stone` (?). (Geol.) A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in
England.
Purblind
Pur"blind` (?), a. [For pure-blind, i. e., wholly blind. See Pure, and
cf. Poreblind.]
1. Wholly blind. "Purblind Argus, all eyes and no sight." Shak.
2. Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a purblind eye;
a purblind mole.
The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be
purblindand sand-blind. Latimer.
O purblind race of miserable men. Tennyson.
-- Pur"blind`ly, adv. -- Pur"blind`ness, n.
Purcelane
Purce"lane (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Obs.]
Purchasable
Pur"chas*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained
for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt.
Money being the counterbalance to all things purchasable by it, as
much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to
the price of things exchanged. Locke.
Purchase
Pur"chase (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purchasing.] [OE. purchasen, porchacen, OF. porchacier, purchacier, to
pursue, to seek eagerly, F. pourchasser; OF. pour, por, pur, for (L.
pro) + chacier to pursue, to chase. See Chase.]
1. To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or
acquire. Chaucer.
That loves the thing he can not purchase. Spenser.
Your accent is Something finer than you could purchase in so
removed a dwelling. Shak.
His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased. Shak.
2. To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price;
as, to purchase land, or a house.
The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth. Gen. xxv.
10.
3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.;
as, to purchase favor with flattery.
One poor retiring minute . . . Would purchase thee a thousand
thousand friends. Shak.
A world who would not purchase with a bruise? Milton.
4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.]
Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses. Shak.
5. (Law) (a) To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance.
Blackstone. (b) To buy for a price.
6. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical
advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to
purchase a cannon.
Purchase
Pur"chase, v. i.
1. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's
self. [Obs.]
Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders
should have his daughter in marriage. Ld. Berners.
2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.]
Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast. J. Webster.
Purchase
Pur"chase (?; 48), n. [OE. purchds, F. pourchas eager pursuit. See
Purchase, v. t.]
1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything. [Obs.]
I'll . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase.
Beau. & Fl.
2. The act of seeking and acquiring property.
3. The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price;
buying for money or its equivalent.
It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance.
Franklin.
4. That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly
or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B. Jonson.
We met with little purchase upon this coast, except two small
vessels of Golconda. De Foe.
A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase
of his lustful eye. Shak.
5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. "The
scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase." Wheaton.
6. Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or
removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the
like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is
gained.
A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our
workmen call a purchase. Burke.
7. (Law) Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent
or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone.
Purchase criminal, robbery. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Purchase money, the
money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. Berkeley.
-- Worth, OR At, [so many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the
value or cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required
for the income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the
estate at a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a
day's purchase in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in
imminent peril.
Purchaser
Pur"chas*er (?), n.
1. One who purchases; one who acquires property for a consideration,
generally of money; a buyer; a vendee.
2. (Law) One who acquires an estate in lands by his own act or
agreement, or who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than
by descent or inheritance.
Purdah
Pur"dah (?), n. [Per. parda a curtain.] A curtain or screen; also, a
cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains. McElrath.
Pure
Pure (?), a. [Compar. Purer (?); superl. Purest.] [OE. pur, F. pur,
fr. L. purus; akin to putus pure, clear, putare to clean, trim, prune,
set in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. p to clean, and
perh. E. fire. Cf. Putative.]
1. Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from
mixture or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; as, pure water;
pure clay; pure air; pure compassion.
The pure fetters on his shins great. Chaucer.
A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy. I. Watts.
2. Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless;
chaste; -- applied to persons. "Keep thyself pure." 1 Tim. v. 22.
Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and
of a good conscience. 1 Tim. i. 5.
3. Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes;
genuine; real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions. "Pure
religion and impartial laws." Tickell. "The pure, fine talk of Rome."
Ascham.
Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that
ancient or modern history records. Macaulay.
4. (Script.) Ritually clean; fitted for holy services.
Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table
before the Lord. Lev. xxiv. 6.
5. (Phonetics) Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some
vowels and the unaspirated consonants.
Pure-impure, completely or totally impure. "The inhabitants were
pure-impure pagans." Fuller. -- Pure blue. (Chem.) See Methylene blue,
under Methylene. -- Pure chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Pure
mathematics, that portion of mathematics which treats of the
principles of the science, or contradistinction to applied
mathematics, which treats of the application of the principles to the
investigation of other branches of knowledge, or to the practical
wants of life. See Mathematics. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) -- Pure
villenage (Feudal Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the
will of the lord. Blackstone. Syn. -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real;
true; genuine; unadulterated; uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished;
unstained; stainless; clean; fair; unspotted; spotless; incorrupt;
chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; immaculate; innocent; guiltless;
guileless; holy.
Pured
Pured (?), a. Purified; refined. [Obs.] "Bread of pured wheat." "Pured
gold." Chaucer.
Pur\'82e
Pu`r\'82e" (?), n. [F.] A dish made by boiling any article of food to
a pulp and rubbing it through a sieve; as, a pur\'82e of fish, or of
potatoes; especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated.
Purely
Pure"ly (?), adv.
1. In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective).
2. Nicely; prettily. [Archaic] Halliwell.
Pureness
Pure"ness, n. The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective).
Purfile
Pur"file (?), n. [See Purfle.] A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel
and thread for women's gowns; -- called also bobbinwork. [Obs.] Piers
Plowman.
Purfle
Pur"fle (?), v. t. [OF. pourfiler; pour for + fil a thread, L. filum.
See Profile, and cf. Purl a border.]
1. To decorate with a wrought or flowered border; to embroider; to
ornament with metallic threads; as, to purfle with blue and white. P.
Plowman.
A goodly lady clad in scarlet red, Purfled with gold and pearl of
rich assay. Spenser.
2. (Her.) To ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like;
also, with gold studs or mountings.
Purfle, Purflew
Pur"fle (?), Pur"flew (?), n.
1. A hem, border., or trimming, as of embroidered work.
2. (Her.) A border of any heraldic fur.
Purfled
Pur"fled (?), a. Ornamented; decorated; esp., embroidered on the
edges. Purfled work (Arch.), delicate tracery, especially in Gothic
architecture.
Purfling
Pur"fling (?), n. Ornamentation on the border of a thing;
specifically, the inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin.
Purgament
Pur"ga*ment (?), n. [L. purgamentum offscourings, washings, expiatory
sacrifice. See Purge.]
1. That which is excreted; excretion. [Obs.]
2. (Med.) A cathartic; a purgative. [Obs.] Bacon.
Purgation
Pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. purgatio: cf. F. purgation. See Purge.]
1. The act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying,
by separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous;
the evacuation of the bowels.
2. (Law) The clearing of one's self from a crime of which one was
publicly suspected and accused. It was either canonical, which was
prescribed by the canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual
court was, that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear
of the matter objected against him, and bring his honest neighbors
with him to make oath that they believes he swore truly; or vulgar,
which was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See Ordeal. Wharton.
Let him put me to my purgation. Shak.
Purgative
Pur"ga*tive (?), a [L. purgativus: cf. F. purgatif.] Having the power
or quality of purging; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A purging medicine; a
cathartic.
Purgatively
Pur"ga*tive*ly, adv. In a purgative manner.
Purgatorial, Purgatorian
Pur`ga*to"ri*al (?), Pur`ga*to"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to
purgatory; expiatory.
Purgatorian
Pur`ga*to"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of purgatory.
Boswell.
Purgatory
Pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. purgatorius.] Tending to cleanse; cleansing;
expiatory. Burke.
Purgatory
Pur"ga*to*ry, n. [Cf. F. purgatoire.] A state or place of purification
after death; according to the Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a
state believed to exist after death, in which the souls of persons are
purified by expiating such offenses committed in this life as do not
merit eternal damnation, or in which they fully satisfy the justice of
God for sins that have been forgiven. After this purgation from the
impurities of sin, the souls are believed to be received into heaven.
Purge
Purge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purging
(?).] [F. purger, L. purgare; purus pure + agere to make, to do. See
Pure, and Agent.]
1. To cleanse, clear, or purify by separating and carrying off
whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or superfluous. "Till fire
purge all things new." Milton.
2. (Med.) To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or
in a similar manner.
3. To clarify; to defecate, as liquors.
4. To clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by
driving off or permitting escape.
5. To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; as, to
purge one of guilt or crime.
When that he hath purged you from sin. Chaucer.
Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean. Ps. li. 7.
6. (Law) To clear from accusation, or the charge of a crime or
misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal.
7. To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; -- often followed
by away.
Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake. Ps. lxxix. 9.
We 'll join our cares to purge away Our country's crimes. Addison.
Purge
Purge, v. i.
1. To become pure, as by clarification.
2. To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by
means of a cathartic.
Purge
Purge, n. [Cf. F. purge. See Purge, v. t.]
1. The act of purging.
The preparative for the purge of paganism of the kingdom of
Northumberland. Fuller.
2. That which purges; especially, a medicine that evacuates the
intestines; a cathartic. Arbuthnot.
Purger
Pur"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, purges or cleanses;
especially, a cathartic medicine.
Purgery
Pur"ger*y (?), n. The part of a sugarhouse where the molasses is
drained off from the sugar.
Purging
Pur"ging (?), a. That purges; cleansing. Purging flax (Bot.), an
annual European plant of the genus Linum (L. catharticum); dwarf wild
flax; -- so called from its use as a cathartic medicine.
Purging
Pur"ging, n. (Med.) The act of cleansing; excessive evacuations;
especially, diarrhea.
Puri
Pur"i (?), n. (Chem.) See Euxanthin.
Purification
Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [F. purification, L. purificatio. See
Purify.]
1. The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and
removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or
heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the purification of liquors, or of
metals.
2. The act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any
pollution or defilement.
When the days of her purification according to the law of Moses
were accomplished. Luke ii. 22.
3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of
sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations.
Purificative
Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. purificatif.] Having power to purify;
tending to cleanse. [R.]
Purificator
Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier.
Purrificatory
Pur*rif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. purificatorius.] Serving or tending to
purify; purificative.
Purifier
Pu"ri*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a
cleanser; a refiner.
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Puriform
Pu"ri*form (?), a. [L. pus, puris, pus + -form: cf. F. puriforme.]
(Med.) In the form of pus.
Purify
Pu"ri*fy (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purifying (?).] [F.purifier, L. purificare; purus pure + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See Pure, and -fy.]
1. To make pure or clear from material defilement, admixture, or
imperfection; to free from extraneous or noxious matter; as, to purify
liquors or metals; to purify the blood; to purify the air.
2. Hence, in figurative uses: (a) To free from guilt or moral
defilement; as, to purify the heart.
And fit them so Purified to receive him pure. Milton.
(b) To free from ceremonial or legal defilement.
And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, .
. . and purified the altar. Lev. viii. 15.
Purify both yourselves and your captives. Num. xxxi. 19.
(c) To free from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a
language. Sprat.
Purify
Pu"ri*fy, v. i. To grow or become pure or clear.
Purim
Pu"rim (?), n. [Heb. p&umac;r, pl. p&umac;r&imac;m, a lot.] A Jewish
festival, called also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the
deliverance of the Jews from the machinations of Haman. Esther ix. 26.
Purism
Pur"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. purisme.] Rigid purity; the quality of being
affectedly pure or nice, especially in the choice of language;
over-solicitude as to purity. "His political purism." De Quincey.
The English language, however, . . . had even already become too
thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of
purism to be admitted to the letter. Craik.
Purist
Pur"ist, n. [Cf. F. puriste.]
1. One who aims at excessive purity or nicety, esp. in the choice of
language.
He [Fox] . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to
any purist. Macaulay.
2. One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek.
M. Stuart.
Puristic, Puristical
Pu*ris"tic (?), Pu*ris"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to purists or
purism.
Puritan
Pu"ri*tan (?), n. [From Purity.]
1. (Eccl. Hist.) One who, in the time of Queen Elizabeth and the first
two Stuarts, opposed traditional and formal usages, and advocated
simpler forms of faith and worship than those established by law; --
originally, a term of reproach. The Puritans formed the bulk of the
early population of New England.
NOTE: &hand; The Puritans were afterward distinguished as Political
Puritans, Doctrinal Puritans, and Puritans in Discipline.
Hume.
2. One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often
used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions.
She would make a puritan of the devil. Shak.
Puritan
Pu"ri*tan, a. Of or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or
characteristic of, the Puritans.
Puritanic, Puritanical
Pu`ri*tan"ic (?), Pu`ri*tan"ic*al (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to the Puritans, or to their doctrines and
practice.
2. Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict;
overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt.
Paritanical circles, from which plays and novels were strictly
excluded. Macaulay.
He had all the puritanic traits, both good and evil. Hawthorne.
Puritanically
Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. In a puritanical manner.
Puritanism
Pu"ri*tan*ism (?), n. The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.
Puritanize
Pu"ri*tan*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puritanized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Puritanizing (?).] To agree with, or teach, the doctrines of
Puritans; to conform to the practice of Puritans. Bp. Montagu.
Purity
Pu"ri*ty (?), n. [OE. purete, purte, OF. purt\'82, F. puret\'82, from
L. puritas, fr. purus pure. See Pure.] The condition of being pure.
Specifically: (a) freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious
matter; as, the purity of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals. (b)
Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt. "The purity of a linen
vesture." Holyday. (c) Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin;
innocence; chastity; as, purity of heart or of life. (d) Freedom from
any sinister or improper motives or views. (e) Freedom from foreign
idioms, or from barbarous or improper words or phrases; as, purity of
style.
Purkinje's cells
Pur"kin*je's cells` (?). [From J. E. Purkinje, their discoverer.]
(Anat.) Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the
cerebellum.
Purl
Purl (?), v. t. [Contr. fr. purfile, purfle. See Purfle.] To decorate
with fringe or embroidery. "Nature's cradle more enchased and purled."
B. Jonson.
Purl
Purl, n.
1. An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold
or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band.
A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched withpurl
and pearl. Sir P. Sidney
.
2. An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a
ribbed or waved appearance.
Purl stitch. Same as Purl, n., 2.
Purl
Purl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purling.] [Cf.
Sw. porla, and E. pur to murmur as a cat.]
1. To run swiftly round, as a small stream flowing among stones or
other obstructions; to eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound, as water
does in running over or through obstructions.
Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills, Louder and louder
purl the falling rills. Pope.
2. [Perh. fr. F. perler to pearl, to bead. See Pearl, v. & n.] To rise
in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle.
thin winding breath which purled up to the sky. Shak.
Purl
Purl, n. [See 3d Purl.]
1. A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple.
Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow, Which on the
sparkling gravel runs in purles, As though the waves had been of
silver curls. Drayton.
2. A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among
obstructions; as, the purl of a brook.
3. [Perh. from F.perler, v. See Purl to mantle.] Malt liquor,
medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other
bitter herbs had been infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at
present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices. "Drank a glass of
purl to recover appetite." Addison. "Drinking hot purl, and smoking
pipes." Dickens.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]
Purlieu
Pur"lieu (?), n. [Corrupted (by influence of lieu place) fr. OF.
pural\'82e, poral\'82e (equiv. to LL. perambulatio a survey of
boundaries, originally, a going through); por (L. pro, confused,
however, with L. per through) + al\'82e. See Pro-, and Alley.]
[Written also pourlieu.]
1. Originally, the ground near a royal forest, which, having been
unlawfully added to the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and
disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights.
Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied In some purlieu two
gentle fawns at play. Milton.
2. Hence, the outer portion of any place; an adjacent district;
environs; neighborhood. "The purlieus of St. James."
brokers had been incessantly plying for custom in the purlieus of
the court. Macaulay.
Purlin, Purline
Pur"lin, Pur"line (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Arch.) In root
construction, a horizontal member supported on the principals and
supporting the common rafters.
Purling
Purl"ing (?), n. [See 3d Purl.] The motion of a small stream running
among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing.
Purloin
Pur*loin" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purloined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purloining.] [OF. purloignier, porloignier, to retard, delay; pur,
por, pour, for (L. pro) + loin far, far off (L. longe). See Prolong,
and cf. Eloign.] To take or carry away for one's self; hence, to
steal; to take by theft; to filch.
Had from his wakeful custody purloined The guarded gold. Milton.
when did the muse from Fletcher scenes purloin ? Dryden.
Purloin
Pur*loin", v. i. To practice theft; to steal. Titus ii. 10.
Purloiner
Pur*loin"er (?), n. One who purloins. Swift.
Purparty
Pur"par`ty (?), n. [OF. pourpartie; pour for + partie a part; cf. OF.
purpart a respective part.] (Law) A share, part, or portion of an
estate allotted to a coparcener. [Written also purpart, and
pourparty.]
I am forced to eat all the game of your purparties, as well as my
own thirds. Walpole.
Purple
Pur"ple (?), n.; pl. Purples (#). [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre,
porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr.
Gr. furere to rage, E. fury: cf. AS. purpure. Cf. Porphyry, Purpure.]
1. A color formed by, or resembling that formed by, a combination of
the primary colors red and blue.
Arraying with reflected purple and gold The clouds that on his
western throne attend. Milton.
NOTE: &hand; Th e an cient wo rds wh ich ar e translated purple are
supposed to have been used for the color we call crimson. In the
gradations of color as defined in art, purple is a mixture of red
and blue. When red predominates it is called violet, and when blue
predominates, hyacinth.
2. Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially,
a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically,
the purple rode or mantle worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of
imperial dignity; as, to put on the imperial purple.
Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined
linen, and purple, and scarlet. Ex. xxvi. 1.
3. Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor; loosely
and colloquially, any exalted station; great wealth. "He was born in
the purple." Gibbon.
4. A cardinalate. See Cardinal.
5. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of large butterflies, usually marked with
purple or blue, of the genus Basilarchia (formerly Limenitis) as, the
banded purple (B. arthemis). See Illust. under Ursula.
6. (Zo\'94l.) Any shell of the genus Purpura.
7. pl.(Med.) See Purpura.
8. pl. A disease of wheat. Same as Earcockle.
NOTE: &hand; Pu rple is so metimes us ed in composition, esp. with
participles forming words of obvious signification; as,
purple-colored, purple-hued, purple-stained, purple-tinged,
purple-tinted, and the like.
French purple. (Chem.) Same as Cudbear. -- Purple of Cassius. See
Cassius. -- Purple of mollusca (Zo\'94l.), a coloring matter derived
from certain mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple or crimson
color, and is supposed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye.
It is obtained from Ianthina, and from several species of Purpura, and
Murex. -- To be born in the purple, to be of princely birth; to be
highborn.
Purple
Pur"ple, a.
1. Exhibiting or possessing the color called purple, much esteemed for
its richness and beauty; of a deep red, or red and blue color; as, a
purple robe.
2. Imperial; regal; -- so called from the color having been an emblem
of imperial authority.
Hide in the dust thy purple pride. Shelley.
3. Blood-red; bloody.
May such purple tears be alway shed. Shak.
I view a field of blood, And Tiber rolling with a purple blood.
Dryden.
Purple bird (Zo\'94l.), the European purple gallinule. See under
Gallinule. -- Purple copper ore. (Min.) See Bornite. -- Purple grackle
(Zo\'94l.), the crow blackbird. See under Crow. -- Purple martin. See
under Martin. -- Purple sandpiper. See under Sandpiper. -- Purple
shell. See Ianthina.
Purple
Pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purpling.] To make purple; to dye of purple or deep red color; as,
hands purpled with blood.
When morn Purples the east. Milton.
Reclining soft in blissful bowers, Purpled sweet with springing
flowers. Fenton.
Purpleheart
Pur"ple*heart` (?), n. (Bot.) A strong, durable, and elastic wood of a
purplish color, obtained from several tropical American leguminous
trees of the genus Copaifera (C. pubiflora, bracteata, AND
officinalis). Used for decorative veneering. See Copaiba.
Purplewood
Pur"ple*wood` (?), n. Same as Purpleheart.
Purplish
Pur"plish (?), a. Somewhat purple. Boyle.
Purport
Pur"port (?), n. [OF. purport; pur, pour, for (L. pro) + porter to
bear, carry. See Port demeanor.]
1. Design or tendency; meaning; import; tenor.
The whole scope and purport of that dialogue. Norris. With a look
so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell. Shak.
2. Disguise; covering. [Obs.]
For she her sex under that strange purport Did use to hide.
Spenser.
Purport
Pur"port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purported; p. pr. & vb. n. Purporting.]
[OF. purporter, pourporter. See Purport, n.] To intend to show; to
intend; to mean; to signify; to import; -- often with an object clause
or infinitive.
They in most grave and solemn wise unfolded Matter which little
purported. Rowe.
Purportless
Pur"port*less, a. Without purport or meaning.
Purpose
Pur"pose (?), n. [OF. purpos, pourpos, propos, L. propositum. See
Propound.]
1. That which a person sets before himself as an object to be reached
or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is directed in any
plan, measure, or exertion; view; aim; design; intention; plan.
He will his firste purpos modify. Chaucer.
As my eternal purpose hath decreed. Milton.
The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it.
Shak.
2. Proposal to another; discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. Instance; example. [Obs.] L'Estrange.
In purpose, Of purpose, On purpose, with previous design; with the
mind directed to that object; intentionally. On purpose is the form
now generally used. Syn. -- design; end; intention; aim. See Design.
Purpose
Pur"pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purposing.] [OF. purposer, proposer. See Propose.]
1. To set forth; to bring forward. [Obs.]
2. To propose, as an aim, to one's self; to determine upon, as some
end or object to be accomplished; to intend; to design; to resolve; --
often followed by an infinitive or dependent clause. Chaucer.
Did nothing purpose against the state. Shak.
I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of
King James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of
men still living. Macaulay.
Purpose
Pur"pose, v. i. To have a purpose or intention; to discourse. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Purposedly
Pur"posed*ly (?), adv. In a purposed manner; according to purpose or
design; purposely.
A poem composed purposedly of the Trojan war. Holland.
Purposeful
Pur"pose*ful (?), a. Important; material. "Purposeful accounts."
Tylor. -- Pur"pose*ful*ly, adv.
Purposeless
Pur"pose*less, a. Having no purpose or result; objectless. Bp.
Hall. -- Pur"pose*less*ness, n.
Purposely
Pur"pose*ly, adv. With purpose or design; intentionally; with
predetermination; designedly.
In composing this discourse, I purposely declined all offensive and
displeasing truths. Atterbury.
So much they scorn the crowd, that if the throng By chance go
right, they purposely go wrong. Pope.
Purposer
Pur"pos*er (?), n.
1. One who brings forward or proposes anything; a proposer. [Obs.]
2. One who forms a purpose; one who intends.
Purposive
Pur"po*sive (?), a. Having or indicating purpose or design.
"Purposive characters." Bastian.
Purposive modification of structure in a bone. Owen.
It is impossible that the frog should perform actions morepurposive
than these. Huxley.
Purpre
Pur"pre (?), n. & a. Purple. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Purpresture
Pur*pres"ture (?), n. [Probably corrupted (see Prest) fr. OF.
pourprisure, fr. pourprendre: cf. LL. purprestura. Cf. Purprise.]
(Law) Wrongful encroachment upon another's property; esp., any
encroachment upon, or inclosure of, that which should be common or
public, as highways, rivers, harbors, forts, etc. [Written also
pourpresture.]
Purprise
Pur"prise (?), n. [OF. pourpris,fr. pourprendre to take away
entirely; pour for + prendre to take.] A close or inclosure; the
compass of a manor. Bacon.
Purpura
Pur"pu*ra (?), n. [L., purple, purple fish: cf. F. purpura. See
Purple.]
1. (Med.) A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin from
extravasated blood, with loss of muscular strength, pain in the
limbs, and mental dejection; the purples. Dunglison.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough
and thick shell. Some species yield a purple dye.
Purpurate
Pur"pu*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to purpura.
Purpurate
Pur"pu*rate, n. (Chem.) A salt of purpuric acid.
Purpure
Pur"pure (?), n. [L. purpura purple. See Purple.] (Her.) Purple, --
represented in engraving by diagonal lines declining from the right
top to the left base of the escutcheon (or from sinister chief to
dexter base).
Purpureal
Pur*pu"re*al (?), a. Of a purple color; purple.
Purpureo-
Pur*pu"re*o- (?). A combining form signifying of a purple or
purple-red color. Specif. (Chem.), used in designating certain
brilliant purple-red compounds of cobaltic chloride and ammonia,
similar to the roseocobaltic compounds. See Cobaltic.
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Purpuric
Pur*pu"ric (?), a. [Cf. F. purpurique.]
1. (Med.) Of or pertaining to purpura. Dunglison.
2. (Chem.) Pertaining to or designating, a nitrogenous acid
contained in uric acid. It is not known in the pure state, but
forms well-known purple-red compounds (as murexide), whence its
name.
NOTE: &hand; Pu rpuric acid was formerly used to designate murexan.
See Murexan.
Pyrpurin
Pyr"pu*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in
madder root, and extracted as an orange or red crystalline
substance.
Pyrpuriparous
Pyr`pu*rip"a*rous (?), a. [L. purpura purple + parere to produce.]
(Biol.) Producing, or connected with, a purple-colored secretion;
as, the purpuriparous gland of certain gastropods.
Purpurogenous
Pur`pu*rog"e*nous (?), a. [L. purpura purple + -genous.] (Biol.)
Having the power to produce a purple color; as, the purpurogenous
membrane, or choroidal epithelium, of the eye. See Visual purple,
under Visual.
Purr
Purr (?), v. i. & t. To murmur as a cat. See Pur.
Purr
Purr, n. The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See Pur.
Purre
Purre (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dunlin. [Prov. Eng.]
Purree
Pur"ree (?), n. [Hind. peori yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow coloring
matter. See Euxanthin.
Purrock
Pur"rock (?), n. See Puddock, and Parrock.
Purse
Purse (?), n. [OE. purs, pors, OF. burse, borse, bourse, F. bourse,
LL. bursa, fr. Gr. Bourse, Bursch, Bursar, Buskin.]
1. A small bag or pouch, the opening of which is made to draw
together closely, used to carry money in; by extension, any
receptacle for money carried on the person; a wallet; a pocketbook;
a portemonnaie. Chaucer.
Who steals my purse steals trash. Shak.
2. Hence, a treasury; finances; as, the public purse.
3. A sum of money offered as a prize, or collected as a present;
as, to win the purse; to make up a purse.
4. A specific sum of money; as: (a) In Turkey, the sum of 500
piasters. (b) In Persia, the sum of 50 tomans.
Light purse, OR Empty purse, poverty or want of resources. -- Long
purse, OR Heavy purse, wealth; riches. -- Purse crab (Zo\'94l.), any
land crab of the genus Birgus, allied to the hermit crabs. They
sometimes weigh twenty pounds or more, and are very strong, being able
to crack cocoanuts with the large claw. They chiefly inhabit the
tropical islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, living in holes and
feeding upon fruit. Called also palm crab. -- Purse net, a fishing
net, the mouth of which may be closed or drawn together like a purse.
Mortimer. Purse pride, pride of money; insolence proceeding from the
possession of wealth. Bp. Hall. -- Purse rat. (Zo\'94l.) See Pocket
gopher, under Pocket. -- Sword and purse, the military power and
financial resources of a nation.
Purse
Purse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pursing.]
1. To put into a purse.
I will go and purse the ducats straight. Shak.
2. To draw up or contract into folds or wrinkles, like the mouth of a
purse; to pucker; to knit.
Thou . . . didst contract and purse thy brow. Shak.
Purse
Purse, v. i. To steal purses; to rob. [Obs. & R.]
I'll purse: . . . I'll bet at bowling alleys. Beau. & Fl.
Purseful
Purse"ful (?), n.; pl. Pursefuls (. All that is, or can be, contained
in a purse; enough to fill a purse.
Purse-proud
Purse"-proud` (?), a. Affected with purse pride; puffed up with the
possession of riches.
Purser
Purs"er (?), n. [See Purse, and cf. Bursar.]
1. (Naut.) A commissioned officer in the navy who had charge of the
provisions, clothing, and public moneys on shipboard; -- now called
paymaster.
2. A clerk on steam passenger vessels whose duty it is to keep the
accounts of the vessels, such as the receipt of freight, tickets, etc.
3. Colloquially, any paymaster or cashier.
Purser's name (Naut.), a false name. [Slang]
Pursership
Purs"er*ship, n. The office of purser. Totten.
Purset
Purs"et (?), n. A purse or purse net. B. Jonson.
Pursiness
Pur"si*ness (?), n. State of being pursy.
Pursive
Pur"sive (?), a. Pursy. [Obs.] Holland.
Pursiveness
Pur"sive*ness, n. Pursiness. [Obs. & R.]
Purslain
Purs"lain (?), n. Same as Purslane.
Purslane
Purs"lane (?), n. [OF. porcelaine, pourcelaine (cf. It. porcellana),
corrupted fr. L. porcilaca for portulaca.] (Bot.) An annual plant
(Portulaca oleracea), with fleshy, succulent, obovate leaves,
sometimes used as a pot herb and for salads, garnishing, and pickling.
Flowering purslane, OR Great flowered purslane, the Portulaca
grandiflora. See Portulaca. -- Purslane tree, a South African shrub
(Portulacaria Afra) with many small opposite fleshy obovate leaves. --
Sea purslane, a seashore plant (Arenaria peploides) with crowded
opposite fleshy leaves. -- Water purslane, an aquatic plant (Ludwiqia
palustris) but slightly resembling purslane.
Pursuable
Pur*su"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or fit to be, pursued,
followed, or prosecuted. Sherwood.
Pursual
Pur*su"al (?), n. The act of pursuit. [R.]
Pursuance
Pur*su"ance (?), n. [See Pursuant.]
1. The act of pursuing or prosecuting; a following out or after.
Sermons are not like curious inquiries after new nothings, but
pursuances of old truths. Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being pursuant; consequence.
In pursuance of, in accordance with; in prosecution or fulfillment of.
Pursuant
Pur*su"ant (?), a. [From Pursue: cf. OE. poursuiant. Cf. Pursuivant.]
Acting in consequence or in prosecution (of anything); hence,
agreeable; conformable; following; according; -- with to or of.
The conclusion which I draw from these premises, pursuant to the
query laid down, is, etc. Waterland.
Pursuant, Pursuantly
Pur*su"ant, Pur*su"ant*ly, adv. Agreeably; conformably.
Pursue
Pur*sue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pursuing.] [OE. pursuen, porsuen, OF. porsivre, poursuivre, poursuir,
F. poursuivre, fr. L. prosequi; pro forward + sequi to follow. See
Sue, and cf. Prosecute, Pursuivant.]
1. To follow with a view to overtake; to follow eagerly, or with
haste; to chase; as, to pursue a hare.
We happiness pursue; we fly from pain. Prior.
The happiness of men lies in purswing, Not in possessing.
Longfellow.
2. To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain; as, to pursue a remedy
at law.
The fame of ancient matrons you pursue. Dryden.
3. To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to
go in; as, Captain Cook pursued a new route; the administration
pursued a wise course.
4. To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue. " Insatiate to pursue
vain war." Milton.
5. To follow as an example; to imitate.
6. To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account.
The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have pursued me,
they shall pursue you also. Wyclif (John xv. 20).
Syn. -- To follow; chase; seek; persist. See Follow.
Pursue
Pur*sue", v. i.
1. To go in pursuit; to follow.
The wicked flee when no man pursueth. Prov. xxviii. 1.
Men hotly pursued after the objects of their ambition. Earle.
2. To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to
continue.
NOTE: [A Gallicism]
I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider.
Boyle.
3. (Law) To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act
as a prosecutor. Burrill.
Pursuer
Pur*su"er (?), n.
1. One who pursues or chases; one who follows in haste, with a view to
overtake.
2. (Eccl. & Scots Law) A plaintiff; a prosecutor.
Pursuit
Pur*suit" (?), n. [F. poursuite, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, v. t.]
1. The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste,
either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the pursuit
of game; the pursuit of an enemy. Clarendon.
Weak we are, and can not shun pursuit. Shak.
2. A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor
to attain to or gain; as, the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of
happiness or pleasure.
3. Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view
to same end; as, mercantile pursuits; a literary pursuit.
4. (Law) Prosecution. [Obs.]
That pursuit for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to
the spiritual court. Fuller.
Curve of pursuit (Geom.), a curve described by a point which is at
each instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving
according to some specified law.
Pursuivant
Pur"sui*vant (?), n. [F. poursuivant, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, and
cf. Pursuant.] [Written also poursuivant.]
1. (Heralds' College) A functionary of lower rank than a herald, but
discharging similar duties; -- called also pursuivant at arms; an
attendant of the heralds. Also used figuratively.
The herald Hope, forerunning Fear, And Fear, the pursuivant of
Hope. Longfellow.
2. The king's messenger; a state messenger.
One pursuivant who attempted to execute a warrant there was
murdered. Macaulay.
Pursuivant
Pur"sui*vant, v. t. To pursue. [Obs. & R.]
Their navy was pursuivanted after with a horrible tempest. Fuller.
Pursy
Pur"sy (?), a. [OF. pourcif, poulsif, poussif, fr. pousser to push,
thrust, heave, OF. also poulser: cf. F. pousse the heaves, asthma. See
Push.] Fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with
pampering; as, pursy insolence. Shak.
Pursy important he sat him down. Sir W. Scot.
Purtenance
Pur"te*nance (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. appurtenance.] That which pertains
or belongs to something; esp., the heard, liver, and lungs of an
animal. [Obs.] " The purtenaunces of purgatory." Piers Plowman.
Roast [it] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the
purtenance [Rev. Ver., inwards] thereof. Ex. xii. 9.
Purrulence, Purulency
Pur"ru*lence (?), Pu"ru*len*cy (?), n. [L. purulentia: cf. F.
purulence.] (Med.) The quality or state of being purulent; the
generation of pus; also, the pus itself. Arbuthnot.
Purulent
Pu"ru*lent (?), a. [L. purulentus, fr. pus, puris, pus, matter: cf. F.
purulent. See Pus.] (Med.) Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of
the nature of pus; attended with suppuration; as, purulent
inflammation.<-- sic. What kind of "matter"? -->
Purulently
Pu"ru*lent*ly, v. In a purulent manner.
Purveance, Purveiaunce
Pur"ve*ance (?), Pur"vei*aunce` (?), n. Purveyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Purvey
Pur*vey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purveyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purveying.] [OE. purveien, porveien, OF. porveeir, porveoir, F.
pourvoir, fr. L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.]
1. To furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the
like.
Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before
that bloody day. Spenser.
2. To procure; to get.
I mean to purvey me a wife after the fashion of the children of
Benjamin. Sir W. Scot.
Purvey
Pur*vey", v. i.
1. To purchase provisions; to provide; to make provision. Chaucer.
Milton.
2. To pander; -- with to. " Their turpitude purveys to their malice."
[R.] Burke.
Purveyance
Pur*vey"ance (?), n. [Cf. F. pourvoyance.]
1. The act or process of providing or procuring; providence;
foresight; preparation; management. Chaucer.
The ill purveyance of his page. Spenser.
2. That which is provided; provisions; food.
3. (Eng. Law) A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them
at an appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without
the owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has
long been abolished. Wharton.
Purveyor
Pur*vey"or (?), n. [OE. porveour, OF. pourveor, F. pourvoyeur. See
Purvey, and cf. Proveditor.]
1. One who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision
for the table; a victualer; a caterer.
2. An officer who formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the
king's household. [Eng.]
3. a procurer; a pimp; a bawd. Addison.
Purview
Pur"view (?), n. [OF. purveu, pourveu, F. pourvu, provided, p. p. of
OF. porveoir, F. pourvoir. See Purvey, View, and cf. Proviso.]
1. (a) (Law) The body of a statute, or that part which begins with "
Be it enacted, " as distinguished from the preamble. Cowell. (b)
Hence: The limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its
intention or provisions. Marshall.
Profanations within the purview of several statutes. Bacon.
2. Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent.
In determining the extent of information required in the exercise
of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects
within the purview of that authority. Madison.
Pus
Pus (?), n. [L., akin to Gr. foul: cf. F. pus. See Foul, a.] (Med.)
The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by the process of
suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated cells floating
in a clear liquid.
Pusane
Pu"sane (?), n. (Anc. Armor) A piece of armor for the breast; often,
an addition to, or re\'89nforcement of. the breastplate; -- called
also pesane.
Puseyism
Pu"sey*ism (?), n. (Ch. of Eng.) The principles of Dr. Pusey and
others at Oxford, England, as exhibited in various publications, esp.
in a series which appeared from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for
the Times;" tractarianism. See Tractarianism.
Puseyistic, Puseyite
Pu"sey*is"tic (?), Pu"sey*ite (?), a. Of or pertaining to Puseyism.
Puseyite
Pu"sey*ite, n. One who holds the principles of Puseyism; -- often used
opprobriously.
Push
Push (?), n. [Probably F. poche. See Pouch.] A pustule; a pimple.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bacon.
Push
Push, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pushing.] [OE.
possen, pussen, F. pousser, fr. L. pulsare, v. intens. fr. pellere,
pulsum, to beat, knock, push. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pursy.]
1. To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; to
endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; -- opposed to
draw.
Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat. Milton.
2. To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore.
If the ox shall push a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox
shall be stoned. Ex. xxi. 32.
3. To press or urge forward; to drive; to push an objection too far. "
To push his fortune." Dryden.
Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure
honor to the actor. Spectator.
We are pushed for an answer. Swift.
4. To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass.
5. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease.
To push down, to overthrow by pushing or impulse.
Push
Push, v. i.
1. To make a thrust; to shove; as, to push with the horns or with a
sword. Shak.
2. To make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; as, a man
must push in order to succeed.
At the time of the end shall the kind of the south push at him and
the king of the north shall come against him. Dan. xi. 40.
War seemed asleep for nine long years; at length Both sides
resolved to push, we tried our strength. Dryden.
3. To burst pot, as a bud or shoot.
To push on, to drive or urge forward; to hasten.
The rider pushed on at a rapid pace. Sir W. Scott.
Push
Push, n.
1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing.
2. Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a shove;
as, to give the ball the first push.
3. An assault or attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or
occasion for action.
Exact reformation is not perfected at the first push. Milton.
hen it comes to the push, tic no more than talk. L' Estrange.
4. The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; as, he has
push, or he has no push. [Colloq.] Syn. -- See Thrust.
Pusher
Push"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pushes. <-- 2. One who sells
illegal drugs, esp. one who tries to convince others to use such
drugs. -->
Pushing
Push"ing, a. Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving;
energetic; also, forward; officious, intrusive. -- Push"ing*ly, adv.
Pushpin
Push"pin` (?), n. A child's game played with pins. L. Estrange.
Pusil
Pu"sil (?), a. [L. pusillus very little.] Very small; little; petty.
[Obs.] Bacon.
Pusillanimity
Pu`sil*la*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. pusillanimitas: cf. F.
pusillanimit\'82.] The quality of being pusillanimous; weakness of
spirit; cowardliness.
The badge of pusillanimity and cowardice. Shak.
It is obvious to distinguished between an act of . . .
pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or humility. South.
Syn. -- Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity.
Pusillanimous
Pu`sil*lan"i*mous (?), a. [L. pusillannimis; pusillus very little
(dim. of pusus a little boy; cf. puer a boy, E. puerile) + animus the
mind: cf. F. pusillanime. See Animosity.]
1. Destitute of a manly or courageous strength and firmness of mind;
of weak spirit; mean-spirited; spiritless; cowardly; -- said of
persons, as, a pussillanimous prince.
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2. Evincing, or characterized by, weakness of mind, and want of
courage; feeble; as, pusillanimous counsels. "A low and pusillanimous
spirit." Burke. Syn. -- Cowardly; dastardly; mean-spirited;
fainthearted; timid; weak; feeble.
Pusillanimously
Pu`sil*lan"i*mous*ly (?), adv. With pusillanimity.
Pusley
Pus"ley (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Colloq. U. S]
Puss
Puss (p&usdot;s), n. [Cf. D. poes, Ir. & Gael. pus.]
1. A cat; -- a fondling appellation.
2. A hare; -- so called by sportsmen.
Puss in the corner, a game in which all the players but one occupy
corners of a room, or certain goals in the open air, and exchange
places, the one without a corner endeavoring to get a corner while it
is vacant, leaving some other without one. -- Puss moth (Zo\'94l.),
any one of several species of stout bombycid moths belonging to
Cerura, Harpyia, and allied genera, esp. Harpyia vinuli, of Europe.
The larv\'91 are humpbacked, and have two caudal appendages.
Pussy
Pussy (?), n. [Dim. of puss.]
1. A pet name for a cat; also, an endearing name for a girl.
2. A catkin of the pussy willow.
3. The game of tipcat; -- also called pussy cat.
Pussy willow (Bot.), any kind of willow having large cylindrical
catkins clothed with long glossy hairs, especially the American Salix
discolor; -- called also glaucous willow, and swamp willow.
Pussy
Pus"sy (?), a. See Pursy. [Colloq. or Low]
Pustulant
Pus"tu*lant (?; 135), a. [L. pustulans, p. pr. See Pustulate, v. t.]
(Med.) Producing pustules. -- n. A medicine that produces pustules, as
croton oil.
Pustular
Pus"tu*lar (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to pustules; as, pustular
prominences; pustular eruptions.
2. Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustulate.
Pustulate
Pus"tu*late (?), v. t. [L. pustulatus, p. p. of pustulare to blister,
fr. pustula. See Pustule.] To form into pustules, or blisters.
Pustulate, Pustulated
Pus"tu*late (?), Pus"tu*la`ted (?), a. Covered with pustulelike
prominences; pustular; pustulous; as, a pustulate leaf; a pustulate
shell or coral.
Pustulation
Pus*tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. pustulatio.] The act of producing pustules;
the state of being pustulated.
Pustule
Pus"tule (?; 135), n. [L. pustula, and pusula: cf. F. pustule.] (Med.)
A vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base,
containing pus. Malignant pustule. See under Malignant.
Pustulous
Pus"tu*lous (?), a. [L. pustulosus, fr. pustula a pustule: cf. F.
pustuleux.] Resembling, or covered with, pustules; pustulate;
pustular.
Put
Put (?), n. [See Pit.] A pit. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Put
Put, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Put, contracted from putteth.
Chaucer.
Put
Put (?), n. [Cf. W. pwt any short thing, pwt o ddyn a squab of a
person, pwtog a short, thick woman.] A rustic; a clown; an awkward or
uncouth person.
Queer country puts extol Queen Bess's reign. Bramston.
What droll puts the citizens seem in it all. F. Harrison.
Put
Put (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Put; p. pr. & vb. n. Putting.] [AS.
potian to thrust: cf. Dan. putte to put, to put into, Fries. putje;
perh. akin to W. pwtio to butt, poke, thrust; cf. also Gael. put to
push, thrust, and E. potter, v. i.]
1. To move in any direction; to impel; to thrust; to push; -- nearly
obsolete, except with adverbs, as with by (to put by = to thrust
aside; to divert); or with forth (to put forth = to thrust out).
His chief designs are . . . to put thee by from thy spiritual
employment. Jer. Taylor.
2. To bring to a position or place; to place; to lay; to set;
figuratively, to cause to be or exist in a specified relation,
condition, or the like; to bring to a stated mental or moral
condition; as, to put one in fear; to put a theory in practice; to put
an enemy to fight.
This present dignity, In which that I have put you. Chaucer.
I will put enmity between thee and the woman. Gen. iii. 15.
He put no trust in his servants. Job iv. 18.
When God into the hands of their deliverer Puts invincible might.
Milton.
In the mean time other measures were put in operation. Sparks.
3. To attach or attribute; to assign; as, to put a wrong construction
on an act or expression.
4. To lay down; to give up; to surrender. [Obs.]
No man hath more love than this, that a man put his life for his
friends. Wyclif (John xv. 13).
5. To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring
to the attention; to offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to
assume; to suppose; -- formerly sometimes followed by that introducing
a proposition; as, to put a question; to put a case.
Let us now put that ye have leave. Chaucer.
Put the perception and you put the mind. Berkeley.
These verses, originally Greek, were put in Latin. Milton.
All this is ingeniously and ably put. Hare.
6. To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige.
These wretches put us upon all mischief. Swift.
Put me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense. Sir W. Scott.
Thank him who puts me, loath, to this revenge. Milton.
7. To throw or cast with a pushing motion "overhand," the hand being
raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; as, to put the shot
or weight.
8. (Mining) To convey coal in the mine, as from the working to the
tramway. Raymond.
Put case, formerly, an elliptical expression for, put or suppose the
case to be.
Put case that the soul after departure from the body may live. Bp.
Hall.
-- To put about (Naut.), to turn, or change the course of, as a ship.
-- To put away. (a) To renounce; to discard; to expel. (b) To divorce.
-- To put back. (a) To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder; to
delay. (b) To refuse; to deny.
Coming from thee, I could not put him back. Shak.
(c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to an earlier hour. (d) To
restore to the original place; to replace. -- To put by. (a) To turn,
set, or thrust, aside. "Smiling put the question by." Tennyson. (b) To
lay aside; to keep; to sore up; as, to put by money. -- To put down.
(a) To lay down; to deposit; to set down. (b) To lower; to diminish;
as, to put down prices. (c) To deprive of position or power; to put a
stop to; to suppress; to abolish; to confute; as, to put down
rebellion of traitors.
Mark, how a plain tale shall put you down. Shak.
Sugar hath put down the use of honey. Bacon.
(d) To subscribe; as, to put down one's name. -- To put forth. (a) To
thrust out; to extend, as the hand; to cause to come or push out; as,
a tree puts forth leaves. (b) To make manifest; to develop; also, to
bring into action; to exert; as, to put forth strength. (c) To
propose, as a question, a riddle, and the like. (d) To publish, as a
book. -- To put forward. (a) To advance to a position of prominence
responsibility; to promote. (b) To cause to make progress; to aid. (c)
To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour. -- To put in. (a) To
introduce among others; to insert; sometimes, to introduce with
difficulty; as, to put in a word while others are discoursing. (b)
(Naut.) To conduct into a harbor, as a ship. (c) (Law) To place in due
form before a court; to place among the records of a court. Burrill.
(d) (Med.) To restore, as a dislocated part, to its place. -- To put
off. (a) To lay aside; to discard; as, to put off a robe; to put off
mortality. "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet." Ex. iii. 5. (b) To
turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to baffle.
I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistius hoped to put me off
with an harangue. Boyle.
We might put him off with this answer. Bentley.
(c) To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, to put off repentance. (d) To
get rid of; to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; as, to
put off a counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory<-- = to pass off
-->. (e) To push from land; as, to put off a boat. -- To put on OR
upon. (a) To invest one's self with, as clothes; to assume. "Mercury .
. . put on the shape of a man." L'Estrange. (b) To impute (something)
to; to charge upon; as, to put blame on or upon another. (c) To
advance; to promote. [Obs.] "This came handsomely to put on the
peace." Bacon. (d) To impose; to inflict. "That which thou puttest on
me, will I bear." 2 Kings xviii. 14. (e) To apply; as, to put on
workmen; to put on steam. (f) To deceive; to trick. "The stork found
he was put upon." L'Estrange. (g) To place upon, as a means or
condition; as, he put him upon bread and water. "This caution will put
them upon considering." Locke. (h) (Law) To rest upon; to submit to;
as, a defendant puts himself on or upon the country. Burrill. -- To
put out. (a) To eject; as, to put out and intruder. (b) To put forth;
to shoot, as a bud, or sprout. (c) To extinguish; as, to put out a
candle, light, or fire. (d) To place at interest; to loan; as, to put
out funds. (e) To provoke, as by insult; to displease; to vex; as, he
was put out by my reply. [Colloq.] (f) To protrude; to stretch forth;
as, to put out the hand. (g) To publish; to make public; as, to put
out a pamphlet. (h) To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; as, to
put one out in reading or speaking. (i) (Law) To open; as, to put out
lights, that is, to open or cut windows. Burrill. (j) (Med.) To place
out of joint; to dislocate; as, to put out the ankle. (k) To cause to
cease playing, or to prevent from playing longer in a certain inning,
as in base ball. -- To put over. (a) To place (some one) in authority
over; as, to put a general over a division of an army. (b) To refer.
For the certain knowledge of that knowledge of that truth< put you
o'er to heaven and to my mother. Shak.
(c) To defer; to postpone; as, the court put over the cause to the
next term. (d) To transfer (a person or thing) across; as, to put one
over the river. -- To put the hand to or unto. (a) To take hold of, as
of an instrument of labor; as, to put the hand to the plow; hence, to
engage in (any task or affair); as, to put one's hand to the work. (b)
To take or seize, as in theft. "He hath not put his hand unto his
neighbor's goods." Ex. xxii. 11. -- To put through, to cause to go
through all conditions or stages of a progress; hence, to push to
completion; to accomplish; as, he put through a measure of
legislation; he put through a railroad enterprise. [U.S.] -- To put
to. (a) To add; to unite; as, to put one sum to another. (b) To refer
to; to expose; as, to put the safety of the state to hazard. "That
dares not put it to the touch." Montrose. (c) To attach (something)
to; to harness beasts to. Dickens. -- To put to a stand, to stop; to
arrest by obstacles or difficulties. -- To put to bed. (a) To undress
and place in bed, as a child. (b) To deliver in, or to make ready for,
childbirth. -- To put to death, to kill. -- To put together, to
attach; to aggregate; to unite in one. -- To put this and that (or two
and two) together, to draw an inference; to form a correct conclusion.
-- To put to it, to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give
difficulty to. "O gentle lady, do not put me to 't." Shak. -- To put
to rights, to arrange in proper order; to settle or compose rightly.
-- To put to the sword, to kill with the sword; to slay. -- To put to
trial, or on trial, to bring to a test; to try. -- To put trust in, to
confide in; to repose confidence in. -- To put up. (a) To pass
unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; to put up with; as,
to put up indignities. [Obs.] "Such national injuries are not to be
put up." Addison. (b) To send forth or upward; as, to put up goods for
sale. (d) To start from a cover, as game. "She has been frightened;
she has been put up." C. Kingsley. (e) To hoard. "Himself never put up
any of the rent." Spelman. (f) To lay side or preserve; to pack away;
to store; to pickle; as, to put up pork, beef, or fish. (g) To place
out of sight, or away; to put in its proper place; as, put up that
letter. Shak. (h) To incite; to instigate; -- followed by to; as, he
put the lad up to mischief. (i) To raise; to erect; to build; as, to
put up a tent, or a house. (j) To lodge; to entertain; as, to put up
travelers. -- To put up a job, to arrange a plot. [Slang] Syn. -- To
place; set; lay; cause; produce; propose; state. -- Put, Lay, Place,
Set. These words agree in the idea of fixing the position of some
object, and are often used interchangeably. To put is the least
definite, denoting merely to move to a place. To place has more
particular reference to the precise location, as to put with care in a
certain or proper place. To set or to lay may be used when there is
special reference to the position of the object.
Put
Put (put; often p&ucr;t in def. 3), v. i.
1. To go or move; as, when the air first puts up. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. To steer; to direct one's course; to go.
His fury thus appeased, he puts to land. Dryden.
3. To play a card or a hand in the game called put.
To put about (Naut.), to change direction; to tack. -- To put back
(Naut.), to turn back; to return. "The French . . . had put back to
Toulon." Southey. -- To put forth. (a) To shoot, bud, or germinate.
"Take earth from under walls where nettles put forth." Bacon. (b) To
leave a port or haven, as a ship. Shak. -- To put in (Naut.), to enter
a harbor; to sail into port. -- To put in for. (a) To make a request
or claim; as, to put in for a share of profits. (b) To go into covert;
-- said of a bird escaping from a hawk. (c) To offer one's self; to
stand as a candidate for. Locke. -- To put off, to go away; to depart;
esp., to leave land, as a ship; to move from the shore. -- To put on,
to hasten motion; to drive vehemently. -- To put over (Naut.), to sail
over or across. -- To put to sea (Naut.), to set sail; to begin a
voyage; to advance into the ocean. -- To put up. (a) To take lodgings;
to lodge. (b) To offer one's self as a candidate. L'Estrange.<-- put
up or shut up --> -- To put up to, to advance to. [Obs.] "With this he
put up to my lord." Swift. -- To put up with. (a) To overlook, or
suffer without recompense, punishment, or resentment; as, to put up
with an injury or affront. (b) To take without opposition or expressed
dissatisfaction; to endure; as, to put up with bad fare.
Put
Put (?), n.
1. The act of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a push; as,
the put of a ball. "A forced put." L'Estrange.
2. A certain game at cards. Young.
3. A privilege which one party buys of another to "put" (deliver) to
him a certain amount of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and
date. [Brokers' Cant]
A put and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of
which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price.
Johnson's Cyc.
Put
Put (?), n. [OF. pute.] A prostitute. [Obs.]
Putage
Pu"tage (?; 48), n. [OF. putage.] Prostitution or fornication on the
part of a woman.
Putamen
Pu*ta"men (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) The shell of a nut; the stone of a drupe
fruit. See Endocarp.
Putanism
Pu"tan*ism (?), n. [F. putanisme, fr. putain harlot.] Habitual
lewdness or prostitution of a woman; harlotry.
Putative
Pu"ta*tive (?), a. [L. putativus, fr. putare, putatum, to reckon,
suppose, adjust, prune, cleanse. See Pure, and cf. Amputate, Compute,
Dispute, Impute.] Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; as,
the putative father of a child. "His other putative (I dare not say
feigned) friends." E. Hall.
Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became
customary, and then came for reverence into a putative and usurped
authority. Jer. Taylor.
Putchuck
Put*chuck" (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pachak.
Puteal
Pu"te*al (?), n. [L., fr. puteus well.] (Arch.) An inclosure
surrounding a well to prevent persons from falling into it; a well
curb. Weale.
Puteli
Put"e*li (?), n. Same as Patela.
Putery
Pu"ter*y, n. [OF. puterie.] Putage. [Obs.]
Putid
Pu"tid (?), a. [L. putidus: cf. F. putide. Cf. Putrid.] Rotten; fetid;
stinking; base; worthless. Jer. Taylor. "Thy putid muse." Dr. H. More.
Putidity, Putidness
Pu*tid"i*ty (?), Pu"tid*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being
putrid.
Putlog
Put"log` (?; 277), n. (Arch.) One of the short pieces of timber on
which the planks forming the floor of a scaffold are laid, -- one end
resting on the ledger of the scaffold, and the other in a hole left in
the wall temporarily for the purpose. Oxf. Gloss.
Put-off
Put"-off` (?; 115), n. A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an
excuse. L'Estrange.
Putour
Pu"tour (?), n. [See Put a prostitute.] A keeper of a brothel; a
procurer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Putredinous
Pu*tred"i*nous (?), a. [L. putredo rottenness, fr. putrere to be
rotten. See Putrid.] Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the
putrefactive process; having an offensive smell; stinking; rotten.
Putrefaction
Pu`tre*fac"tion (?), n. [L. putrefactio: cf. F. putr\'82faction. See
Putrefy.]
1. The act or the process of putrefying; the offensive decay of
albuminous or other matter.
NOTE: &hand; Pu trefaction is a co mplex ph enomenon in volving a
multiplicity of chemical reactions, always accompanied by, and
without doubt caused by, bacteria and vibriones; hence,
putrefaction is a form of fermentation, and is sometimes called
putrefaction fermentative. Putrefaction is not possible under
conditions that preclude the development of living organisms. Many
of the products of putrefaction are powerful poisons, and are
called cadaveric poisons, or ptoma\'8bnes.
2. The condition of being putrefied; also, that which putrefied.
"Putrefaction's breath." Shelley.
Putrefactive
Pu`tre*fac"tive (?), a. [Cf. putr\'82factif. See Putrefy.]
1. Of or pertaining to putrefaction; as, the putrefactive smell or
process. Wiseman.
2. Causing, or tending to promote, putrefaction. --
Pu``tre*fac"tive*ness, n.
Putrefy
Pu"tre*fy (?), v. t. [Written also putrify.] [imp. & p. p. Putrefied
(; p. pr. & vb. n. Putrefying (.] [F. putr\'82fier; L. putrere to be
rotten + -ficare (in. comp.) to make; cf. L. putrefacere. See Putrid,
and -fy.]
1. To render putrid; to cause to decay offensively; to cause to be
decomposed; to cause to rot.
2. To corrupt; to make foul.
Private suits do putrefy the public good. Bacon.
They would but stink, and putrefy the air. Shak.
3. To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous; as, to putrefy an ulcer or
wound.
Putrefy
Pu"tre*fy, v. i. To become putrid; to decay offensively; to rot. Isa.
1. 6.
Putrescence
Pu*tres"cence (?), n. The state of being putrescent; putrescent
matter.
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Putrescent
Pu*tres"cent (?), a. [L. putrescens, p. pr.of putrescere to grow
rotten, v. incho. fr. putrere to be rotten. See Putrid.]
1. Becoming putrid or rotten.
Externally powerful, although putrescent at the core. Motley.
2. Of or pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as, a putrescent
smell.
Putrescible
Pu*tres"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of putrefaction; liable to become
putrid; as, putrescible substances.
Putrescible
Pu*tres"ci*ble, n. A substance, usually nitrogenous, which is liable
to undergo decomposition when in contact with air and moisture at
ordinary temperatures.
Putrescin
Pu*tres"cin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nontoxic diamine, C4H12N2,
formed in the putrefaction of the flesh of mammals and some other
animals.
Putrid
Pu"trid (?), a. [L. putridus, fr. putrere to be rotten, fr.puter, or
putris, rotten, fr. putere to stink, to be rotten: cf. F. putride. See
Pus, Foul, a.]
1. Tending to decomposition or decay; decomposed; rotten; -- said of
animal or vegetable matter; as, putrid flesh. See Putrefaction.
2. Indicating or proceeding from a decayed state of animal or
vegetable matter; as, a putrid smell.
Putrid fever (Med.), typhus fever; -- so called from the decomposing
and offensive state of the discharges and diseased textures of the
body. -- Putrid sore throat (Med.), a gangrenous inflammation of the
fauces and pharynx.
Putridity
Pu*trid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. putridit\'82.] The quality of being
putrid; putrefaction; rottenness.
Putridness
Pu"trid*ness (?), n. Putridity. Floyer.
Putrifacted
Pu"tri*fac`ted (?), a. [See Putrefy.] Putrefied. [Obs.]
What vermin bred of putrifacted slime. Marston.
Putrification
Pu`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Putrefaction.
Putrify
Pu"tri*fy (?), v. t. & i. To putrefy.
Putrilage
Pu"tri*lage (?), n. [F. putrilage, L. putrilago putrefaction.] That
which is undergoing putrefaction; the products of putrefaction.
Putry
Pu"try (?), a. Putrid. [Obs.] Marston.
Putry
Pu"try, n. Putage. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Putter
Put"ter (?), n.
1. One who puts or plates.
2. Specifically, one who pushes the small wagons in a coal mine, and
the like. [Prov. Eng.]
Putter
Put"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puttering.] [See Potter.] To act inefficiently or idly; to trifle; to
potter.
Putter-on
Put"ter-on` (?), n. An instigator. Shak.
Puttier
Put"ti*er (?), n. One who putties; a glazier.
Putting
Put"ting (?), n. The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the
hand raised or extended from the shoulder; -- originally, a Scottish
game. Putting stone, a heavy stone used in the game of putting.
Puttock
Put"tock (?), n. [Cf. Pout a young bird, Poult.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
European kite. (b) The buzzard. (c) The marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.]
Puttock
Put"tock, n. (Naut.) See Futtock. [Obs.]
Putty
Put"ty (?), n. [F. pot\'82e, fr. pot pot; what was formerly called
putty being a substance resembling what is now called putty powder,
and in part made of the metal of old pots. See Pot.] A kind of thick
paste or cement compounded of whiting, or soft carbonate of lime, and
linseed oil, when applied beaten or kneaded to the consistence of
dough, -- used in fastening glass in sashes, stopping crevices, and
for similar purposes. Putty powder, an oxide of tin, or of tin and
lead in various proportions, much used in polishing glass, metal,
precious stones, etc.
Putty
Put"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puttied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puttying.] To
cement, or stop, with putty.
Putty-faced
Put"ty-faced` (?), a. White-faced; -- used contemptuously. Clarke.
Puttyroot
Put"ty*root` (?), n. (Bot.) An American orchidaceous plant (Aplectrum
hyemale) which flowers in early summer. Its slender naked rootstock
produces each year a solid corm, filled with exceedingly glutinous
matter, which sends up later a single large oval evergreen plaited
leaf. Called also Adam-and-Eve.
Put-up
Put"-up (?), a. Arranged; plotted; -- in a bad sense; as, a put-up
job. [Colloq.]
Puy
Pu"y (?), n. See Poy.
Puzzel
Puz"zel (?), n. [Cf. F. pucelle a virgin.] A harlot; a drab; a hussy.
[Obs.] Shak.
Puzzle
Puz"zle (?), n. [For opposal, in the sense of problem. See Oppose,
Pose, v.]
1. Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a toy or a
problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something exhibiting
marvelous skill in making.
2. The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a puzzle.
Puzzle
Puz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puzzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puzzling
(?).]
1. To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to
nonplus.
A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in puzzling
others. Dr. H. More.
He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders.
Addison.
2. To make intricate; to entangle.
They disentangle from the puzzled skein. Cowper.
The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled in mazes, and
perplexed with error. Addison.
3. To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; -- followed by out; as, to
puzzle out a mystery. Syn. -- To embarrass; perplex; confuse;
bewilder; confound. See Embarrass.
Puzzle
Puz"zle, v. i.
1. To be bewildered, or perplexed.
A puzzling fool, that heeds nothing. L'Estrange.
2. To work, as at a puzzle; as, to puzzle over a problem.
Puzzledom
Puz"zle*dom (?), n. The domain of puzzles; puzzles, collectively. C.
Kingsley.
Puzzle-headed
Puz"zle-head`ed (?), a. Having the head full of confused notions.
Johnson.
Puzzlement
Puz"zle*ment (?), n. The state of being puzzled; perplexity. Miss
Mitford.
Puzzier
Puz"zier (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes.
Hebrew, the general puzzler of old heads. Brome.
Puzzlingly
Puz"zling*ly (?), adv. In a puzzling manner.
Puzzolan, Puzzolana
Puz"zo*lan (?), Puz`zo*la"na (?), n. See Pozzuolana.
Py\'91mia
Py*\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A form of blood poisoning
produced by the absorption into the blood of morbid matters usually
originating in a wound or local inflammation. It is characterized by
the development of multiple abscesses throughout the body, and is
attended with irregularly recurring chills, fever, profuse sweating,
and exhaustion.
Py\'91mic
Py*\'91"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to py\'91mia; of the nature of
py\'91mia.
Pycnaspidean
Pyc`nas*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the posterior side of
the tarsus covered with small irregular scales; -- said of certain
birds.
Pycnidium
Pyc*nid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pycnidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) In
certain fungi, a flask-shaped cavity from the surface of the inner
walls of which spores are produced.
Pycnite
Pyc"nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A massive subcolumnar variety of topaz.
Pycnodont
Pyc"no*dont (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) Any fossil fish belonging to the
Pycnodontini. They have numerous round, flat teeth, adapted for
crushing.
Pycnodontini
Pyc`no*don"ti*ni (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of
ganoid fishes. They had a compressed body, covered with dermal ribs
(pleurolepida) and with enameled rhomboidal scales.
Pycnogonid
Pyc*nog"o*nid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pycnogonida.
Pycnogonida
Pyc`no*gon"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A class of marine
arthropods in which the body is small and thin, and the eight legs
usually very long; -- called also Pantopoda.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ab domen is rudimentary, and the triangular mouth
is at the end of a tubular proboscis. Many of them live at great
depths in the sea, and the largest of them measure two feet across
the extended legs.
Pycnometer
Pyc*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) A specific gravity
bottle; a standard flask for measuring and comparing the densities of
liquids. [Also written pyknometer.]
Pycnostyle
Pyc"no*style (?), a. [Gr. pycnostyle.] (Anc. Arch.) See under
Intercolumniation. -n. A pycnostyle colonnade.
Pye
Pye (?), n. See 2d Pie (b).
Pyebald
Pye"bald` (?), a. See Piebald.
Pyelitis
Py`e*li"tis (?). n. [Gr. basin + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
pelvis of the kidney.
Pyemia
Py*e"mi*a (?), n. (Med.) See Py\'92mia.
Pyet
Py"et (?), n. A magpie; a piet. [Prov. Eng.]
Here cometh the worthy prelate as pert as a pyet. Sir W. Scott.
Pygal
Py"gal (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Situated in the region of the rump, or
posterior end of the backbone; -- applied especially to the posterior
median plates in the carapace of chelonians.
Pygarg, Pygargus
Py"garg (?), Py*gar"gus (?),[L. pygargus, Gr. pygargue.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A quadruped, probably the addax, an antelope having a
white rump. Deut. xiv. 5.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The female of the hen harrier. (b) The sea eagle.
Pygidium
Py*gid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pygidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
caudal plate of trilobites, crustacean, and certain insects. See
Illust. of Limulus and Trilobite.
Pygmy, Pygmean
Pyg"my (?), Pyg*me"an (?), a. [L. pygmaeus. See Pygmy.] Of or
pertaining to a pygmy; resembling a pygmy or dwarf; dwarfish; very
small. " Like that Pygmean race." Milton. Pygmy antelope (Zo\'94l.),
the kleeneboc. -- Pygmy goose (Zo\'94l.), any species of very small
geese of the genus Nettapus, native of Africa, India, and Australia.
-- Pygmy owl (Zo\'94l.), the gnome. Pygmy parrot (Zo\'94l.), any one
of several species of very small green parrots (Nasitern\'91), native
of New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not larger than sparrows.
<-- Pygmy chimpanzee, a species of anthropoid ape (Pan paniscus)
resembling the chimpanzee, but somewhat smaller; also called bonobo.
It is considered (1996) as having the closest genetic relationship to
humans of any other animal. It is found in forests in Zaire, and is an
endangered species. -->
Pygmy
Pyg"my, n.; pl. Pygmies (#). [L. pygmaeus, Gr. Pugnacious, Fist.]
[Written also pigmy.]
1. (Class. Myth.) One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with
the cranes, and were destroyed.
2. Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf. <--3. one of a race
of short forest-dwelling African peoples. -->
Pygmies are pygmies still, though perched on Alps. And pyramids are
pyramids in vales. Young.
Pygobranchia
Py`go*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pugh` the rump + (Zo\'94l.)
A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks having the branchi\'91 in a
wreath or group around the anal opening, as in the genus Doris.
Pygopod
Py"go*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pygopodes.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of serpentiform lizards of the family
Pygopodid\'91, which have rudimentary hind legs near the anal cleft,
but lack fore legs.
Pygropodes
Py*grop"o*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of swimming
birds which includes the grebes, divers, auks, etc., in which the legs
are placed far back.
Pygopodous
Py*gop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pygopodes.
Pygostyle
Py"go*style (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The plate of bone which forms the
posterior end of the vertebral column in most birds; the plowshare
bone; the vomer. It is formed by the union of a number of the last
caudal vertebr\'91, and supports the uropigium.
Pyin
Py"in (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. (Chem.) An albuminoid constituent of pus,
related to mucin, possibly a mixture of substances rather than a
single body.
Pyjama
Py*ja"ma (?), n. [Hind. p\'bee-j\'bema, literally, leg clothing.] In
India and Persia, thin loose trowsers or drawers; in Europe and
America, drawers worn at night, or a kind of nightdress with legs.
[Written also paijama.]
Pykar
Pyk"ar (?), n. An ancient English fishing boat.
Pyla
Py"la n.; pl. L. Pyl\'91 (#), E. Pylas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The
passage between the iter and optoc\'d2le in the brain. B. G. Wilder.
Pylagore
Pyl"a*gore (?), n. [Gr. pylagore.] (Gr. Antiq.) a deputy of a State at
the Amphictyonic council.
Pylangium
Py*lan"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Pylangia (. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The first
and undivided part of the aortic trunk in the amphibian heart. --
Py*lan"gi*al (#), a.
Pylon
Py"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (a) A low tower, having a truncated
pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway.
Massive pylons adorned with obelisks in front. J. W. Draper.
(b) An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking
towers).
Pyloric
Py*lor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pylorique.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in
the region of, the pylorus; as, the pyloric end of the stomach.
Pylorus
Py*lo"rus (?), n.; pl. Pylori (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The
opening from the stomach into the intestine. (b) A posterior division
of the stomach in some invertebrates.
Pyne
Pyne (?), n. & v. See Pine. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pynoun
Py*noun" (?), n. A pennant. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Pyocyanin
Py`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. (Chem.) A blue coloring matter
found in the pus from old sores, supposed to be formed through the
agency of a species of bacterium (Bacillus pyocyaneus).<-- now,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa C13H10N2O-->
Pyogenic
Py`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Producing or generating pus.
Pyoid
Py"oid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to pus; of the
nature of, or like, pus. Pyoid corpuscles (Med.), cells of a size
larger than pus corpuscles, containing two or more of the latter.
Pyopneumothorax
Py`op*neu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr. pneumothorax.] (Med.) Accumulation
of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural cavity.
Pyot
Py"ot (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The magpie. See Piet.
Pyoxanthose
Py`o*xan"those (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. (Chem.) A greenish yellow
crystalline coloring matter found with pyocyanin in pus.
Pyracanth
Pyr"a*canth (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The evergreen thorn (Crat\'91gus
Pyracantha), a shrub native of Europe.
Pyral
Py"ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pyre. [R.]
Pyralid
Pyr"a*lid (?), n. [L. pyralis, -idis, a kind of winged insect.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the family Pyralid\'91. The species are
numerous and mostly small, but some of them are very injurious, as the
bee moth, meal moth, hop moth, and clover moth.
Pyramid
Pyr"a*mid (?), n. [L. pyramis, -idis, fr. Gr. pyramide.]
1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base,
and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or
edifice of this shape.
2. (Geom.) A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as
base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases
are sides of the base.
3. pl. (Billiards) The game of pool in which the balls are placed in
the form of a triangle at spot. [Eng.] <-- financial scheme -->
Altitude of a pyramid (Geom.), the perpendicular distance from the
vertex to the plane of the base. -- Axis of a pyramid (Geom.), a
straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the base. --
Earth pyramid. (Geol.) See Earth pillars, under Earth. -- Right
pyramid (Geom.) a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.
Pyramidal
Py*ram`i*dal (?), a. [Cf. F. pyramidal.]
1. Of or pertaining to a pyramid; in the form of a a pyramid;
pyramidical; as, pyramidal cleavage.
The mystic obelisks stand up Triangular, pyramidal. Mrs. Browning.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1169
2. (Crystallog.) Same as Tetragonal.
Pyramidal numbers (Math.), certain series of figurate numbers
expressing the number of balls or points that may be arranged in the
form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are trangular pyramidal
numbers; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are square pyramidal numbers.
Pyramidal
Py*ram"i*dal (?), n. (Anat.) One of the carpal bones. See Cuneiform,
n., 2 (b).
Pyramidally
Py*ram"i*dal*ly, adv. Like a pyramid.
Pyramidic, Pyramidical
Pyr`a*mid"ic (?), Pyr`a*mid"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a
pyramid; having the form of a pyramid; pyramidal. " A pyramidical
rock." Goldsmith. "Gold in pyramidic plenty piled." Shenstone. --
Pyr`a*mid"ic*al*ly, adv. Pyr`a*mild"ic*al*ness, n.
Pyramidion
Pyr`a*mid"i*on (?), n.; pl. Pyramidia (#). [NL., from L. pyramis. See
Pyramid.] The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk.
Pyramidoid
Py*ram"i*doid (?), n. [Gr. -id: cf. F. pyramido\'8bde.] A solid
resembling a pyramid; -- called also pyramoid. Barlow.
Pyramis
Pyr"a*mis (?), n.; pl. Pyramides (#). [L.] A pyramid.
Pyramoid
Pyr"a*moid (?), n. See Pyramidoid.
Pyrargyrite
Py*rar"gy*rite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Ruby silver; dark red silver ore.
It is a sulphide of antimony and silver, occurring in rhombohedral
crystals or massive, and is of a dark red or black color with a
metallic adamantine luster.
Pyre
Pyre (?), n. [L. pure, Gr. Fire.] A funeral pile; a combustible heap
on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt.
For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick
flaming shot a dismal glare. Pope.
Pyrena
Py*re"na (?), n.; pl. Pyren\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A nutlet
resembling a seed, or the kernel of a drupe. Gray.
Pyrene
Py"rene (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of
coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C16H10.
Pyrene
Py"rene, n. (Bot.) Same as Pyrena.
Pyrenean
Pyr`e*ne"an (?), a. [L. Pyrenaei (sc. montes) the Pyrenees, fr.
Pyrene, Gr. Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains
separating France and Spain. -- n. The Pyrenees. Shak.
Pyrenoid
Py*re"noid (?), n. [Gr. Pyrena, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A transparent
body found in the chromatophores of certain Infusoria.
Pyrethrin
Pyr"eth*rin (?), n. [NL. Pyrethrum, generic name of feverfew, Gr.
(Chem.) A substance resembling, and isomeric with, ordinary camphor,
and extracted from the essential oil of feverfew; -- called also
Pyrethrum camphor.<-- a complex of several substances. Used as
insecticides. -->
Pyrethrine
Pyr"eth*rine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from the root of
the pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum).
Pyretic
Py*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. pyr\'82tique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to
fever; febrile.
Pyretology
Pyr`e*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pyr\'82tologie.] (Med.) A
discourse or treatise on fevers; the doctrine of fevers. Hooper.
Pyrexia
Py*rex"i*a (?), n.; pl. Pyrexi\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The
febrile condition.
Pyrexial, Pyrexical
Py*rex"i*al (?), Py*rex"ic*al (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to
fever; feverish.
Pyrgom
Pyr"gom (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A variety of pyroxene; -- called also
fassaite.
Pyrheliometer
Pyr*he`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for
measuring the direct heating effect of the sun's rays.
Pyridic
Py*rid"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Related to, or formed from, pyridin
or its homologues; as, the pyridic bases.
Pyridine
Pyr"i*dine (?), n. [From Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous base,
C5H5N, obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by
the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a
peculiar pungent odor. It is the nucleus of a large number of organic
substances, among which several vegetable alkaloids, as nicotine and
certain of the ptoma\'8bnes, may be mentioned. See Lutidine.
Pyridyl
Pyr"i*dyl (?), n. [Pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical,
C5H4N, regarded as the essential residue of pyridine, and analogous to
phenyl.
Pyriform
Pyr"i*form (?), a. [L. pyrum, pirum, a pear + -form: cf. F. pyriforme,
piriforme.] Having the form of a pear; pear-shaped.
Pyritaceous
Pyr`i*ta"ceous (?), a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to pyrites. See
Pyritic.
Pyrite
Pyr"ite (?), n.; pl. Pyrites (#). [Cf. F. pyrite. See Pyrites.] (Min.)
A common mineral of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic
luster, crystallizing in the isometric system; iron pyrites; iron
disulphide.
Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, And stars of gold the
sparkling pyrite blends. E. Darwin.
Pyrites
Py*ri"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Pyre.] (Min.) A name given to a number
of metallic minerals, sulphides of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and
tin, of a white or yellowish color.
NOTE: &hand; The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite,
or iron pyrites, in allusion to its giving sparks when struck with
steel.
Arsenical pyrites, arsenopyrite. -- Auriferous pyrites. See under
Auriferous. -- Capillary pyrites, millerite. -- Common pyrites,
isometric iron disulphide; pyrite. -- Hair pyrites, millerite. -- Iron
pyrites. See Pyrite. -- Magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotite. -- Tin pyrites,
stannite. -- White iron pyrites, orthorhombic iron disulphide;
marcasite. This includes cockscomb pyrites (a variety of marcasite,
named in allusion to its form), spear pyrites, etc. -- Yellow, OR
Copper, pyrites, the sulphide of copper and iron; chalcopyrite.
Pyritic, Pyritical
Py*rit"ic (?), Py*rit"ic*al (?), a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to
pyrites; consisting of, or resembling, pyrites.
Pyritiferous
Pyr`i*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Pyrites + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing or
producing pyrites.
Pyritize
Pyr"i*tize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. pyritiser.] To convert into pyrites.
Pyritohedral
Pyr`i*to*he"dral (?), a. [See Pyritohedron.] (Crystallog.) Like
pyrites in hemihedral form.
Pyritohedron
Pyr`i*to*he"dron (?), n. [Pyrite + Gr. (Crystallog.) The pentagonal
dodecahedron, a common form of pyrite.
Pyritoid
Pyr"i*toid (?), n. [Pyrite + -oid.] (Crystallog.) Pyritohedron. [R.]
Pyritology
Pyr`i*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of blowpipe analysis.
Pyritous
Pyr"i*tous (?), a. Pyritic.
Pyro-, Pyr-
Pyro-, Pyr-. [Gr. Combining forms designating fire or heat;
specifically (Chem.), used to imply an actual or theoretical
derivative by the action of heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric,
pyrotartaric, pyrotungstic, etc.
Pyro
Py"ro (?), n. (Photog.) Abbreviation of pyrogallic acid. [Colloq.]
Pyroacetic
Pyr`o*a*ce"tic (?), a. [Pyro- + acetic: cf. F. pyroac\'82tique.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, and designating, a substance (acetone) obtained
by the distillation of the acetates. It is now called also pyroacetic
ether, and formerly was called pyroacetic spirit.
Pyroacid
Pyr`o*ac"id (?), n. [Pyro- + acid.] (Chem.) An acid obtained by
sybjecting another acid to the action of heat. Cf. Pyro-.
Pyroantimonate
Pyr`o*an`ti*mo"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroantimonic acid.
Pyroantimonic
Pyr`o*an`ti*mon"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + antimonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid of antimony analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.
Pyroarsenate
Pyr`o*ar"se*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroarsenic acid.
Pyroarsenic
Pyr`o*ar*sen"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + arsenic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to or
designating, an acid of arsenic analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.
Pyroborate
Pyr`o*bo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroboric acid.
Pyroboric
Pyr`o*bo"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + boric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to derived
from, or designating, an acid, H2B4O7 (called also tetraboric acid),
which is the acid ingredient of ordinary borax, and is obtained by
heating boric acid.
Pyrocatechin
Pyr`o*cat"e*chin (?), n. [Pyro- + catechu.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, of the phenol series, found in
various plants; -- so called because first obtained by distillation of
gum catechu. Called also catechol, oxyphenol. etc.
Pyrochlore
Pyr"o*chlore (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.) A niobate of calcium, cerium,
and other bases, occurring usually in octahedrons of a yellowish or
brownish color and resinous luster; -- so called from its becoming
grass-green on being subjected to heat under the blowpipe.
Pyrocitric
Pyr`o*cit"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + citric: cf. F. pyrocitrique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained by the
distillation of citric acid, and called respectively citraconic,
itaconic, and mesaconic acid.
Purocoll
Pur"o*coll (?), n. [Puro- + Gr. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance
allied to pyrrol, obtained by the distillation of gelatin.
Pyroelectric
Pyr`o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Pyro- + electric.] (Physics) Pertaining to,
or dependent on, pyroelectricity; receiving electric polarity when
heated.
Pyroelectric
Pyr`o*e*lec"tric, n. (Physics) A substance which becomes electrically
polar when heated, exhibiting opposite charges of statical electricity
at two separate parts, especially the two extremities.
Pyroelectricity
Pyr`o*e`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n. (Physics) Electricity developed by means
of heat; the science which treats of electricity thus developed.
Pyrogallate
Pyr`o*gal"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of
pyrogallol.
Pyrogallic
Pyr`o*gal"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + gallic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
from, or designating, an acid called pyrogallol. See Pyrogallol.
Pyrogallol
Pyr`o*gal"lol (?), n. [Pyrogallic + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol metameric
with phloroglucin, obtained by the distillation of gallic acid as a
poisonous white crystalline substance having acid properties, and
hence called also pyrogallic acid. It is a strong reducer, and is used
as a developer in photography and in the production of certain dyes.
Pyrogen
Pyr"o*gen (?), n. [See Pyrogenous.]
1. Electricity. [R.]
2. (Physiol. Chem.) A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions,
and supposed to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of
bacteria.
Pyrogenic
Pyr`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + -gen + -ic.] (Physiol.) Producing heat;
-- said of substances, as septic poisons, which elevate the
temperature of the body and cause fever.
Pyrogenous
Py*rog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. genous: cf. F. purog\'8ane, Gr. Produced by
fire; igneous. Mantell. .
Pyrognostic
Pyr`og*nos"tic (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.) Of or pertaining to
characters developed by the use of heat; pertaining to the characters
of minerals when examined before the blowpipe; as, the pyrognostic
characters of galena.
Pyrognostics
Pyr`og*nos"tics (?), n. pl. (Min.) The characters of a mineral
observed by the use of the blowpipe, as the degree of fusibility,
flame coloration, etc.
Pyrography
Py*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Pyro- + -graphy.] A process of printing,
ornamenting, or carving, by burning with heated instruments.
Pyrolator
Py*rol"a*tor (?), n. [See Pyrolatry.] A fire worshiper. [R.] Southey.
Pyrolatry
Py*rol"a*try (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. pyrol\'83trie.] The worship of fire.
Young.
Pyroligneous, Pyrolignic
Pyr`o*lig"ne*ous (?), Pyr`o*lig"nic (?), a. [Pyro-+ L. lignum wood:
cf. F. pyroligneux.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the
acid liquid obtained in the distillation of wood, consisting
essentially of impure acetic acid.
Pyrolignous
Pyr`o*lig"nous (?), a. Same as Pyroligneous.
Pyrolithic
Pyr`o*lith"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + lithic.] (Old Chem.) Same as Pyrouric,
or Cyanuric.
Pyrologist
Py*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in, or makes a study of,
pyrology.
Pyrology
Py*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Pyro- + -logy: cf. F. pyrologie.] That branch of
physical science which treats of the properties, phenomena, or effects
of heat; also, a treatise on heat.
Pyrolusite
Pyr`o*lu"site (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.) Manganese dioxide, a mineral
of an iron-black or dark steel-gray color and metallic luster, usually
soft. Pyrolusite parts with its oxygen at a red heat, and is
extensively used in discharging the brown and green tints of glass
(whence its name).
Pyromagnetic
Pyr`o*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + magnetic.] (Physics) Acting by the
agency of heat and magnetism; as, a pyromagnetic machine for producing
electric currents.
Pyromalate
Pyr`o*ma"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromalic acid. [Obs.]
Pyromalic
Pyr`o*ma"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + malic.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid now called maleic acid.
Pyromancy
Pyr"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. pyromancie.] Divination by means of fire.
Pyromania
Pyr"o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Pyro- + mania.] An insane disposition to
incendiarism.
Pyromantic
Pyr"o*man"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pyromancy.
Pyromantic
Pyr`o*man"tic, n. [Cf. Gr. One who pretends to divine by fire. Sir T.
Herbert.
Pyrometer
Py*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Pyro- + -meter: cf. F. pyrom\'8atre.]
1. (Physics) An instrument used for measuring the expansion of solid
bodies by heat.
2. (Physics) An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those
indicated by the mercurial thermometer.
NOTE: &hand; It is usually constructed so as to register the change
which the heat to be measured produces in the length of some
expansible substance, as a metallic rod, or in the intensity of a
thermo-electric current.
Pyrometric, Pyrometrical
Pyr`o*met"ric (?), Pyr`o*met"ric*al a. [Cf. F. pyrom\'82trique.]
(Physics) Pertaining to, or obtained by, the pyrometer; as,
pyrometrical instruments; pyrometrical measurements.
Pyrometry
Py*rom"e*try (?), n. The art of measuring degrees of heat, or the
expansion of bodies by heat.
Pyromorphite
Pyr`o*mor"phite (?), n. [G. pyromorphit, from Gr. (Min.) Native lead
phosphate with lead chloride, occurring in bright green and brown
hexagonal crystals and also massive; -- so called because a fused
globule crystallizes in cooling.
Pyromorphous
Pyr`o*mor"phous (?), a. [Pyro- + -morphous.] (Min.) Having the
property of crystallizing by the agency of fire.
Pyromucate
Pyr`o*mu"cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromucic acid.
Pyromucic
Pyr`o*mu"cic (?), a. [Pyro- + mucic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
from, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline
substance by the distillation of mucic acid, or by the oxidation of
furfurol.
Pyronomics
Pyr`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. The science of heat.
Pyrope
Pyr"ope (?), n. [L. pyropus a kind of red bronze, fr. Gr. pyrope.]
(Min.) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently
with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gem. See the Note under
Garnet.
Pyrophane
Pyr"o*phane (?), n. [See Pyrophanous.] (Min.) A mineral which is
opaque in its natural state, but is said to change its color and
become transparent by heat.
Pyrophanous
Py*roph"a*nous (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. Rendered transparent by heat.
Pyrophone
Pyr"o*phone (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. A musical instrument in which the
tones are produced by flames of hydrogen, or illuminating gas, burning
in tubes of different sizes and lengths.
Pyrophoric, Pyrophorous
Pyr`o*phor"ic (?), Py*roph"o*rous (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr.
Light-producing; of or pertaining to pyrophorus. Pyrophoric iron
(Chem.), finely reduced iron, which ignites spontaneously on contact
with air.
Pyrophorus
Py*roph"o*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pyrophorous.] (Old Chem.) Any one of
several substances or mixtures which phosphoresce or ignite
spontaneously on exposure to air, as a heated mixture of alum, potash,
and charcoal, or a mixture of charcoal and finely divided lead.
Pyrophosphate
Pyr"o*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrophosphoric acid.
Pyrophosphoric
Pyr`o*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or designating, an acid, H4P2O7, which is obtained as a white
crystalline substance. Its salts are obtained by heating the
phosphates.
Pyrophyllite
Py*roph"yl*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.) A mineral, usually of a
white or greenish color and pearly luster, consisting chiefly of the
hydrous silicate of alumina.
Pyroscope
Pyr"o*scope (?), n. [Pyro- + -scope: cf. F. pyroscope.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring the intensity of heat radiating from a fire,
or the cooling influence of bodies. It is a differential thermometer,
having one bulb coated with gold or silver leaf. [R.]
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Pyrosis
Py*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr Gr. (Med.) See Water brash, under Brash.
Pyrosmalite
Py*ros"ma*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. -like. ] (Min.) A mineral, usually
of a pale brown or of a gray or grayish green color, consisting
chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron and manganese; -- so called
from the odor given off before the blowpipe.
Pyrosome
Pyr"o*some (?), n. [Pyro- + -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) Any compound
ascidian of the genus Pyrosoma. The pyrosomes form large hollow
cylinders, sometimes two or three feet long, which swim at the surface
of the sea and are very phosphorescent.
Pyrosulphate
Pyr`o*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrosulphuric acid.
Pyrosulphuric
Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid called also disulphuric acid) obtained by
distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid,
H2S2O7 resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of
indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.
Pygotartaric
Pyg`o*tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + tartaric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the
distillation of tartaric acid.
Pyrotartrate
Pyr`o*tar"trate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrotartaric acid.
Pyrotechnian
Pyr`o*tech"ni*an (?), n. A pyrotechnist.
Pyrotechnic, Pyrotechnical
Pyr`o*tech"nic (?), Pyr`o*tech"nic*al (?), a. [Pyro- + technic,
technical: cf. F. pyrotechnique. See Fire, Technical.] Of or
pertaining to fireworks, or the art of forming them. Pyrotechnical
sponge. See under Sponge.
Pyrotechnician
Pyr`o*tech*ni"cian (?), n. A pyrotechnist.
Pyrotechnics
Pyr`o*tech"nics (?), n. The art of making fireworks; the manufacture
and use of fireworks; pyrotechny.
Pyrotechnist
Pyr`o*tech"nist (?), n. One skilled in pyrotechny; one who
manufactures fireworks. Steevens.
Pyrotechny
Pyr`o*tech`ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pyrotechnie.]
1. The use and application of fire in science and the arts. [Obs.] Sir
M. Hale.
2. Same as Pyrotechnics.
Pyrothonide
Py*roth"o*nide (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. (Med.) A kind of empyreumatic oil
produced by the combustion of textures of hemp, linen, or cotton in a
copper vessel, -- formerly used as a remedial agent. Dunglison.
Pyrotic
Py*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. pyrotique.] Caustic. See Caustic. -- n. (Med.)
A caustic medicine.
Pyrotritartaric
Pyr`o*tri`tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + tri- + tartaric.] (Chem.)
Designating an acid which is more commonly called uric acid.
Pyrotungstic
Pyr`o*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Polytungstic. See Metatungstic.
Pyro\'81ric
Pyr`o*\'81"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + uric.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid now called cyanuric acid. See Cyanuric.
Pyrovanadic
Pyr`o*va*nad"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + vanadic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid of vanadium, analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.
Pyroxanthin
Pyr`o*xan"thin (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline
hydrocardon extracted from crude wood spirit; -- called also eblanin.
Pyroxene
Pyr"ox*ene (?), n. [F. pyrox\'8ane, from Gr. (Min.) A common mineral
occurring in monoclinic crystals, with a prismatic angle of nearly
90°, and also in massive forms which are often laminated. It varies in
color from white to dark green and black, and includes many varieties
differing in color and composition, as diopside, malacolite, salite,
coccolite, augite, etc. They are all silicates of lime and magnesia
with sometimes alumina and iron. Pyroxene is an essential constituent
of many rocks, especially basic igneous rocks, as basalt, gabbro, etc.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pyroxene group contains pyroxene proper, also the
related orthorhombic species, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, and
various monoclinic and triclinic species, as rhodonite, etc.
Pyroxenic
Pyr`ox*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pyrox\'82nique.] Containing pyroxene;
composed chiefly of pyroxene.
Pyroxenite
Py*rox"e*nite (?), n. (Min.) A rock consisting essentially of
pyroxene.
Pyroxyle
Py*rox"yle (?), n. [Cf. F. pyroxyle. See Pyroxylic, -yl.]
Pyroxylic
Pyr`ox*yl"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. (Old Chem.) Derived from wood by
distillation; -- formerly used in designating crude wood spirit.
Pyroxylin
Py*rox"y*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling gun cotton in
composition and properties, but distinct in that it is more highly
nitrified and is soluble in alcohol, ether, etc.; -- called also
pyroxyle.
Pyrrhic
Pyr"rhic (?), a. [L. pyrrhichius, Gr.
1. Of or pertaining to an ancient Greek martial dance. " ye have the
pyrrhic dance as yet." Byron.
2. (Pros.) Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing
pyrrhic; as, a pyrrhic verse. <-- Pyrrhic victory [From Pyrrhus, king
of Epirus], a victory in which the winning side sustains very heavy
losses. (b) any act supposedly benefitting the actor, for which the
costs outweight the benefits. -->
Pyrrhic
Pyr"rhic, n.
1. [Gr. pyrrhique, fem.] An ancient Greek martial dance, to the
accompaniment of the flute, its time being very quick.
2. [L. pyrrhichius (sc. pes), Gr. pyrrhique, masc.] (Pros.) A foot
consisting of two short syllables.
Pyrrhicist
Pyr"rhi*cist (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) One two danced the pyrrhic.
Pyrrhonean, Pyrrhonic
Pyr*rho"ne*an (?), Pyr*rhon"ic (?), a. [L. Pyrrhon\'88us: cf. F.
pyrrhonien.] Of or pertaining to pyrrhonism.
Pyrrhonism
Pyr"rho*nism (?), n. [From Pyrrho, the founder of a school of skeptics
in Greece (about 300 b. c.): cf. F. pyrrhonisme.] Skepticism;
universal doubt.
Pyrrhonist
Pyr"rho*nist (?), n. A follower of Pyrrho; a skeptic.
Pyrrhotine, Pyrrhotite
Pyr"rho*tine (?), Pyr"rho*tite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A bronze-colored
mineral, of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of iron, and is
remarkable for being attracted by the magnet. Called also magnetic
pyrites.
Pyrrol
Pyr"rol (?), n. [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base found in
coal tar, bone oil, and other distillates of organic substances, and
also produced synthetically as a colorless liquid, C4H5N, having on
odor like that of chloroform. It is the nucleus and origin of a large
number of derivatives. So called because it colors a splinter of wood
moistened with hydrochloric acid a deep red.
Pyrroline
Pyr"ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, C4H7N, obtained as a
colorless liquid by the reduction of pyrrol.
Pyrula
Pyr"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pyrus a pear.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
large marine gastropods. having a pear-shaped shell. It includes the
fig-shells. See Illust. in Appendix.
Pyruric
Py*ru"ric (?), a. Same as Pyro\'81ric.
Pyrus
Py"rus (?), n. [L. pyrus, or better pirus, pear tree.] (Bot.) A genus
of rosaceous trees and shrubs having pomes for fruit. It includes the
apple, crab apple, pear, chokeberry, sorb, and mountain ash.
Pyruvic
Py*ru"vic (?), a. [Pyro- + L. uva a grape.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid (called also pyroracemic acid) obtained, as a
liquid having a pungent odor, by the distillation of racemic acid.
Pyruvil
Py*ru"vil (?), n. (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous compound obtained by
heating together pyruvic acid and urea.
Pythagorean
Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), a. [L. Pythagoreus, Gr. Of or pertaining to
Pythagoras (a Greek philosopher, born about 582 b. c.), or his
philosophy.
The central thought of the Pythagorean philosophy is the idea of
number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations
of things. Encyc. Brit.
Pythagorean proposition (Geom.), the theorem that the square described
upon the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is equal to the
sum of the squares described upon the other two sides.<-- =
Pythagorean theorem. --> -- Pythagorean system (Astron.), the commonly
received system of astronomy, first taught by Pythagoras, and
afterward revived by Copernicus, whence it is also called the
Copernican system. -- Pythagorean letter. See Y.
Pythagorean
Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), n. A follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of
philosophers founded by Pythagoras.
Pythagoreanism
Pyth`a*go"re*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Pythagoras or the
Pythagoreans.
As a philosophic school Pythagoreanism became extinct in Greece
about the middle of the 4th century [B. C.]. Encyc. Brit.
Pythagoric, Pythagorical
Pyth`a*gor"ic (?), Pyth`a*gor"ic*al (?), a.[L. Pythagoricus, Gr.
pythagorique.] See Pythagorean, a.
Pythagorism
Py*thag"o*rism (?), n. [Gr. The doctrines taught by Pythagoras.
NOTE: &hand; Pythagoras made numbers the basis of his philosophical
system, as well physical as metaphysical. The doctrine of the
transmigration of souls (metempsychosis) is associated closely with
name of Pythagoras.
Pythagorize
Py*thag"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pythagorized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pythagorizing (?).] [Gr. To speculate after the manner of
Pythagoras.
Pythiad
Pyth"i*ad (?), n. [See Pythian.] (Gr. Antiq.) The period intervening
between one celebration of the Pythian games and the next.
Pythian
Pyth"i*an (?), a. [L. Pythius, Gr. pythien.] Of or pertaining to
Delphi, to the temple of Apollo, or to the priestess of Apollo, who
delivered oracles at Delphi. Pythian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the
four great national festivals of ancient Greece, celebrated near
Delphi, in honor of Apollo, the conqueror of the dragon Python, at
first once in eight years, afterward once in four.
Pythocenic
Pyth`o*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. Producing decomposition, as diseases which
are supposed to be accompanied or caused by decomposition.
Python
Py"thon (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Python the serpent slain near Delphi by
Apollo, Gr.
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of very large snakes of the genus Python,
and allied genera, of the family Pythonid\'91. They are nearly allied
to the boas. Called also rock snake.
NOTE: &hand; Th e py thons ha ve small pelvic bones, or anal spurs,
two rows of subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in
Africa, Asia, and the East Indies.
2. A diviner by spirits. "[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed
pythons." 4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version).
Pythoness
Pyth"o*ness (?), n. [L. pythonissa: cf. F. pythonisse. See Pythian.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) The priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi in
Greece.
2. Any woman supposed to have a spirit of divination; a sort of witch.
Bp. Hall.
Pythonic
Py*thon"ic (?), a. [L. pythonicus, Gr. Pythian.] Prophetic; oracular;
pretending to foretell events.
Pythonism
Pyth"o*nism (?), n. The art of predicting events after the manner of
the priestess of Apollo at Delphi; equivocal prophesying.
Pythonist
Pyth"o*nist (?), n. A conjurer; a diviner.
Pythonomorpha
Pyth`o*no*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Python, and -morphous.]
(Paleon.) Same as Mosasauria.
Pyuria
Py*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A morbid condition in which pus
is discharged in the urine.
Pyx
Pyx (?), )n. [L. pyxis a box, Gr. Box a receptacle.] [Written also
pix.]
1. ( R. C. Ch.) The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which the host
is reserved.
2. A box used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain
sample coins taken for a trial of the weight and fineness of metal
before it is sent from the mint. Mushet.
3. (Naut.) The box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle.
Weale.
4. (Anat.) Same as Pyxis.
Pyx cloth (R. C. Ch.d>, a veil of silk or lace covering the pyx. Trial
of the pyx, the annual testing, in the English mint, of the standard
of gold and silver coins. Encyc. Brit.
Pyx
Pyx, v. t. To test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited
in the pyx. [Eng.] Mushet.
Pyxidate
Pyx"i*date (?), a. Having a pyxidium.
Pyxidium
Pyx*id"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pyxidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Pyx.] (Bot.) (a) A
pod which divides circularly into an upper and lower half, of which
the former acts as a kind of lid, as in the pimpernel and purslane.
(b) The theca of mosses.
Pyxle
Pyx"le (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pixy.
Pyxis
Pyx*is (?), n. [L.]
1. A box; a pyx.
2. (Bot.) A pyxidium.
3. (Anat.) The acetabulum. See Acetabulum, 2.
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