Unabridged Dictionary - Letter P

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                                      P
                                    Pack

   Pack  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Packed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.]
   [Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka. See
   Pack, n.]

   1.  To  make  a  pack  of;  to arrange closely and securely in a pack;
   hence,  to  place  and  arrange  compactly as in a pack; to press into
   close  order  or  narrow  compass;  as to pack goods in a box; to pack
   fish.

     Strange materials packed up with wonderful art. Addison.

     Where . . . the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed. Shak.

   2.  To  fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely,
   as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow
   away  within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk;
   the play, or the audience, packs the theater.

   3.  To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game
   unfairly.

     And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. Pope.

   4.  Hence:  To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in
   order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes.

     The  expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of
     Italian bishops. Atterbury.

   5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.]

     He  lost  life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed
     by his enemies. Fuller.

   6.  To  load  with  a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a
   horse.

     Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey. Shack.

   7.  To  cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to
   send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack
   a boy off to school.

     He . . . must not die

     Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven. Shak.

     8.  To  transport  in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on
     the backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.]

     9.  (Hydropathy)  To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous
     coverings. See Pack, n., 5.

     10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with
     suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving
     passage  to  air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the
     piston of a steam engine.

                                     Pack

     Pack, v. i.

     1.  To  make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely
     for transportation.

     2.  To  admit  of  stowage,  or  of making up for transportation or
     storage;  to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form
     a  compact  mass;  as,  the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs
     well.

     3.  To  gather  in  flocks  or schools; as, the grouse or the perch
     begin to pack. [Eng.]

     4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away.

     Poor Stella must pack off to town Swift.

     You shall pack, And never more darken my doors again. Tennyson.

     5.  To  unite  in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to
     join in collusion. [Obs.] "Go pack with him." Shak.

   To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to
   dismiss  unceremoniously.  "The  parliament  .  . . presently sent him
   packing. South.
   
                                    Package
                                       
   Pack"age (?), n.
   
   1. Act or process of packing.
   
   2.  A  bundle  made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel;
   as, a package of goods.
   
   3. A charge made for packing goods.

   4.  A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or
   exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.

                                    Packer

   Pack"er (?), n. A person whose business is to pack things; especially,
   one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer.

                                    Packet

   Pack"et  (?), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source
   as E. pack. See Pack.]

   1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of
   letters. Shak.

   2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or
   mails;  hence,  a  vessel  employed  in  conveying  dispatches, mails,
   passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat.
   Packet  boat,  ship,  OR vessel. See Packet, n., 2. -- Packet day, the
   day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet
   note OR post. See under Paper.

                                    Packet

   Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Packeting.]

   1. To make up into a packet or bundle.

   2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.

     Her husband Was packeted to France. Ford.

                                    Packet

   Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.

                                   Packfong

   Pack"fong`  (?),  n.  [Chin.  peh  tung.]  (Metal.) A Chinese alloy of
   nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver.

                                  Pack herse

   Pack herse. See under 2d Pack.

                                   Packhouse

   Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse for storing goods.

                                    Packing

   Pack"ing, n.

   1. The act or process of one who packs.

   2.  Any  material  used  to pack, fill up, or make close. Specifically
   (Mach.): A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a)
   A  thin  layer,  or  sheet,  of  yielding or elastic material inserted
   between  the  surfaces  of  a  flange  joint.  (b)  The substance in a
   stuffing  box, through which a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring,
   as  of  metal,  which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as
   inside a cylinder, etc.

   3. (Masonry) Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.]

   4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale.
   Cherd  packing  (Bridge  Building),  the arrangement, side by side, of
   several  parts,  as  bars,  diagonals,  a  post, etc., on a pin at the
   bottom  of a chord. Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing box. See under
   Stuffing.  -- Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool,
   hay,  etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston.
   --  Packing  sheet.  (a)  A large cloth for packing goods. (b) A sheet
   prepared for packing hydropathic patients.

                                    Packman

   Pack"man (?), n.; pl. Packmen (. One who bears a pack; a peddler.

                           Pack saddle, Pack thread

   Pack saddle, Pack thread. See under 2d Pack.

                                    Packwax

   Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Paxwax.

                                    Packway

   Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals.

                                  Paco, Pacos

   Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?), n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv. paco. Cf. Alpaca.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Alpaca.

   2.  [Peruv.  paco,  pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver;
   perh.  a  different word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore, consisting of
   brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver. Ure.

                                     Pact

   Pact  (?), n. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract,
   fr.  pacere  to  settle,  or  agree  upon;  cf. pangere to fasten, Gr.
   p\'beca  bond,  and  E.  fang:  cf. F. pacie. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.] An
   agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon.

     The  engagement  and  pact of society whish goes by the name of the
     constitution. Burke.

                                    Paction

   Pac"tion  (?), n. [L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.] An agreement;
   a compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

                                   Pactional

   Pac"tion*al  (?),  a. Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction. Bp.
   Sanderson.

                                  Pactitious

   Pac*ti"tious  (?),  a. [L. pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by a pact, or
   agreement. [R.] Johnson.

                                   Pactolian

   Pac*to"li*an  (?),  a.  Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient
   Lydia famous for its golden sands.

                                     Pacu

   Pa"cu  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.) A South American freah-water fish (Myleies
   pacu), of the family Characinid\'91. It is highly esteemed as food.

                                      Pad

   Pad (?), n. [D. pad. &root;21. See Path.]

   1. A footpath; a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

   2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison

     An abbot on an ambling pad. Tennyson.

   3.  A  robber  that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually
   called a footpad. Gay. Byron.

   4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.]

                                      Pad

   Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.]

     Padding the streets for half a crown. Somerville.

                                      Pad

   Pad, v. i.

   1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan.

   2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.

   3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.]

                                      Pad

   Pad, n. [Perh. akin to pod.]

   1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.

   2.  A  kind  of  cushion  for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one
   formed  of  many  flat  sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting
   paper; a block of paper.

   3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.

   4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses
   to prevent bruising.

   5.  (Zo\'94l.) A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side
   of the toes of animals.

   6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant.

   7.  (Med.)  A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part,
   etc.

   8.  (Naut.)  A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the
   deck. W. C. Russel.

   9.  A  measure  for  fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of
   soles. [Eng.] Simmonds.
   Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above.
   --  Pad  tree  (Harness  Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives
   rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight.

                                      Pad

   Pad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n. Padding.]

   1. To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding.

   2.  (Calico  Printing)  To  imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad
   cloth. Ure.

                                     Padar

   Pad"ar  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  Groats; coarse flour or meal.
   [Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton.

                                    Padder

   Pad"der (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, pads.

   2. A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.]

                                    Padding

   Pad"ding, n.

   1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.

   2. The material with which anything is padded.

   3.  Material  of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc.
   London Sat. Rev.

   4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.

                                    Paddle

   Pad"dle  (?), v. i. [Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also
   E.  pad  to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short steps,
   to  paddle,  G.  patschen  to  splash,  dash, dabble, F. patouiller to
   dabble, splash, fr. patte a paw.

   1.  To  use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes.
   [Obs.] Shak.

   2.  To  dabble  in  water  with  hands  or  feet;  to use a paddle, or
   something  which  serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat,
   etc.

     As the men were paddling for their lives. L'Estrange.

     While paddling ducks the standing lake desire. Gay.

                                    Paddle

   Pad"dle,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paddling
   (?)]

   1. To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.

     To be paddling palms and pinching fingers. Shak.

   2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles.

   3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Paddle

   Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle, v. i.]

   1.  An  implement  with  a  broad blade, which is used without a fixed
   fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats.

   2.  The  broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence,
   any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle.

     Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon. Deut. xxiii. 13.

   3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water
   wheel, or paddle wheel.

   4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; --
   also called clough.

   5. (Zo\'94l.) A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle.

   6. A paddle-shaped implement for string or mixing.

   7.  [In  this  sense  prob.  for  older spaddle, a dim. of spade.] See
   Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.]
   Paddle  beam  (Shipbuilding),  one of two large timbers supporting the
   spring  beam  and  paddle  box of a steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See
   Paddle,  n.,  3. -- Paddle box, the structure inclosing the upper part
   of  the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the revolving
   shaft  which  carries  the  paddle  wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle
   staff.  (a)  A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers.
   [Prov.  Eng.]  (b)  A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; --
   called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle steamer, a steam vessel
   propelled  by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller. --
   Paddle  wheel,  the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles
   (or  floats)  on  its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane
   parallel to the vessel's length.

                                  Paddlecock

   Pad"dle*cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lumpfish. [Prov. Eng.]

                                  Paddlefish

   Pad"dle*fish`   (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l)  A  large  ganoid  fish  (Polyodon
   spathula) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long
   spatula-shaped  snout.  Called  also  duck-billed  cat,  and spoonbill
   sturgeon.

                                    Padder

   Pad"der (?), n. One who, or that which, paddles.

                                  Paddlewood

   Pad"dle*wood`   (?),   n.   (Bot.)  The  light  elastic  wood  of  the
   Aspidosperma  excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily
   split into planks.

                                    Paddock

   Pad"dock  (?), n. [OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad, padde,
   toad,  Icel.  &  Sw.  padda,  Dan.  padde.] (Zo\'94l.) A toad or frog.
   Wyclif.   "Loathed   paddocks."   Spenser   Paddock   pipe  (Bot.),  a
   hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum, especially E. limosum and
   the  fruiting  stems of E. arvense; -- called also padow pipe and toad
   pipe. See Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See Toadstone. -- Paddock stool
   (Bot.),a toadstool.

                                    Paddock

   Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.]

   1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.]

   2.  A  small  inclosure  for  pasture;  esp.,  one adjoining a stable.
   Evelyn. Cowper.

                                     Paddy

   Pad"dy  (?),  a.  [Prov.  E.  paddy  worm-eaten.]  Low; mean; boorish;
   vagabond.  "Such  pady  persons."  Digges (1585). "The paddy persons."
   Motley.

                                     Paddy

   Pad"dy,  n.;  pl. Paddies (#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the tutelar
   saint of Ireland.] A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.

                                     Paddy

   Pad"dy,  n.  [Either  fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay p\'bed\'c6.] (Bot.)
   Unhusked  rice;  -- commonly so called in the East Indies. Paddy bird.
   (Zo\'94l.) See Java sparrow, under Java.

                                   Padelion

   Pad`e*li"on  (?),  n.  [F.  pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A plant with
   pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.

                                    Padella

   Pa*del"la  (?),  n. [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a
   pan.]  A  large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a
   wick  is  placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's,
   in Rome. Called also padelle.

                                   Pademelon

   Pad`e*mel"on (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wallaby.

                                    Padesoy

   Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See Paduasoy.

                                     Padge

   Padge,  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge
   owl. [Prov. Eng.]

                                   Padishah

   Pa`di*shah"  (?),  n.  [Per.  p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief ruler;
   monarch;  sovereign;  --  a  title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the
   Shah of Persia.

                                    Padlock

   Pad"lock`  (?),  n.  [Perh.  orig.,  a  lock for a pad gate, or a gate
   opening  to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from
   Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.]

   1.  A  portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at
   one  end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the
   bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a
   hasp or through the links of a chain, etc.

   2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.

                                    Padlock

   Pad"lock`,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Padlocked  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Padlocking.]  To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut;
   to confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson.

                                    Padnag

   Pad"nag`  (?),  n.  [lst pad + nag.] An ambling nag. "An easy padnag."
   Macaulay.

                                     Padow

   Pad"ow  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) A paddock, or toad. Padow pipe. (Bot.) See
   Paddock pipe, under Paddock.

                                    Padrone

   Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It. Padroni (#), E. Padrones. [It. See Patron.]

   1. A patron; a protector.

   2. The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean.

   3.  A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers,
   street musicians, etc.

                                   Paduasoy

   Pad`u*a*soy"  (?),  n. [From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F.
   pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk stuff. [Written also padesoy.]

                                   Paducahs

   Pa*du"cahs (?), n. pl.; sing. Paducah (. (Ethnol.) See Comanches.

                                    P\'91an

   P\'91"an (?), n. [L. paean, Gr. P\'91on, Peony.] [Written also pean.]

   1.  An  ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and,
   later, a song addressed to other deities.

   2.  Any  loud  and  joyous  song;  a  song of triumph. Dryden. "Public
   p\'91ans of congratulation." De Quincey.

   3. See P\'91on.

                                P\'91dobaptism

   P\'91`do*bap"tism (?), n. Pedobaptism.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1030

                                P\'91dogenesis

   P\'91`do*gen"esis  (?),  n.  [Gr.  , , child + E. genesis.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Reproduction by young or larval animals.

                                P\'91dogenetic

   P\'91`do*ge*net"ic  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Producing young while in the
   immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc.

                                    P\'91on

   P\'91"on (?), n. [L. paeon, Gr. a solemn song, also, a p\'91on, equiv.
   to P\'91an.] (Anc. Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one long and three
   short,  admitting  of four combinations, according to the place of the
   long syllable. [Written also, less correctly, p\'91an.]

                                  P\'91onine

   P\'91"o*nine  (?),  n.  (Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff,
   called also red coralline.

                                   P\'91ony

   P\'91"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony.

                                     Pagan

   Pa"gan  (?),  n. [L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan,
   fr.  paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, pagan, fr.
   pagus  a  district,  canton, the country, perh. orig., a district with
   fixed  boundaries:  cf.  pangere  to  fasten. Cf. Painim, Peasant, and
   Pact,  also  Heathen.]  One  who  worships false goods; an idolater; a
   heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew.

     Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian,
     pagan, nor man. Shak.

   Syn.  --  Gentile;  heathen;  idolater.  --  Pagan,  Gentile, Heathen.
   Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished
   from  the  Jews.  Pagan  was  the name given to idolaters in the early
   Christian  church,  because  the villagers, being most remote from the
   centers  of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen
   has  the  same  origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and
   uncivilized   idolaters,  while  heathen  embraces  all  who  practice
   idolatry.

                                     Pagan

   Pa"gan,  a.  [L.  paganus  of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See
   Pagan,  n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the
   worshipers  of  false  goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or
   superstitions.

     And all the rites of pagan honor paid. Dryden.

                                   Pagandom

   Pa"gan*dom  (?),  n.  The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism.
   [R.]

                              Paganic, Paganical

   Pa*gan"ic  (?),  Pa*gan"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to pagans or
   paganism;  heathenish;  paganish.  [R.]  "The  paganic  fables  of the
   goods." Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

                                   Paganish

   Pa"gan*ish  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. "The old
   paganish idolatry." Sharp

                                   Paganism

   Pa"gan*ism  (?),  n.  [L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and
   cf.  Painim.]  The  state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp.,
   the  worship  of  idols  or  false  gods,  or  the system of religious
   opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.

                                   Paganity

   Pa*gan"i*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  Paganitas.]  The  state  of being a pagan;
   paganism. [R.] Cudworth.

                                   Paganize

   Pa"gan*ize  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Paganized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Paganizing  (?).]  To  render  pagan  or  heathenish;  to  convert  to
   paganism. Hallywell.

                                   Paganize

   Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton.

                                    Paganly

   Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner. Dr. H. More.

                                     Page

   Page  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  It.  paggio,  LL. pagius, fr. Gr. puer. Cf.
   Pedagogue, Puerile.]

   1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree,
   especially  at  courts,  as  a  position  of  honor and education; now
   commonly,  in  England,  a youth employed for doin errands, waiting on
   the  door,  and similar service in households; in the United States, a
   boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative body.

     He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one. Bacon.

   2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

   3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt
   of a woman's dress from the ground.

   4.  (Brickmaking.)  A  track along which pallets carrying newly molded
   bricks are conveyed to the hack.

   5.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any one of several species of beautiful South American
   moths of the genus Urania.

                                     Page

   Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak.

                                     Page

   Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten,
   fix,  make,  the  pages  or  leaves being fastened together. Cf. Pact,
   Pageant, Pagination.]

   1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript.

     Such was the book from whose pages she sang. Longfellow.

   2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history.

   3. (Print.) The type set up for printing a page.

                                     Page

   Page,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paging (?).] To
   mark  or number the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to furnish with
   folios.

                                    Pageant

   Pag"eant (?), n. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or
   stage,  hence,  what  was  exhibited  on  it,  fr. LL. pagina, akin to
   pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to join
   together,  compages a joining together, structure. See Pact, Page of a
   book.]

   1.  A  theatrical  exhibition;  a spectacle. "A pageant truly played."
   Shak.

     To see sad pageants of men's miseries. Spenser.

   2.  An  elaborate  exhibition  devised  for  the  entertainmeut  of  a
   distinguished  personage,  or  of  the  public;  a show, spectacle, or
   display.

     The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day ! Pope.

     We love the man, the paltry pageant you. Cowper.

                                    Pageant

   Pag"eant,  a. Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular. "Pageant pomp."
   Dryden.

                                    Pageant

   Pag"eant,  v.  t. To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic. [R.] "He
   pageants us." Shak.

                                   Pageantry

   Pag"eant*ry  (?),  n. Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly;
   spectacular guality; splendor.

     Such pageantry be to the people shown. Dryden.

     The pageantry of festival. J. A. Symonds.

   Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.

                                   Pagehood

   Page"hood (?), n. The state of being a page.

                                    Pagina

   Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl. Pagin\'91 (#). [L.] (Bot.) The surface of a leaf
   or of a flattened thallus.

                                    Paginal

   Pag"i*nal  (?),  a.  [L.  paginalis.]  Consisting  of  pages. "Paginal
   books." Sir T. Browne.

                                  Pagination

   Pag`i*na"tion  (?),  n. The act or process of paging a book; also, the
   characters used in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes.

                                    Paging

   Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.

                                     Pagod

   Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.]

   1. A pagoda. [R.] "Or some queer pagod." Pope.

   2. An idol. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

                                    Pagoda

   Pa*go"da  (?),  n.  [Pg.  pagoda,  pagode, fr.Hind. & Per. but-kadah a
   house  of  idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a
   temple.]

   1.   A  term  by  which  Europeans  designate  religious  temples  and
   tower-like  buildings  of  the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther
   India,  China,  and  Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol
   worship.

   2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C.

   3.  [Prob.  so  named  from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr.
   bhagavat  holy,  divine)  stamped  on  it.]  A gold or silver coin, of
   various  kinds  and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold
   pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.

                                   Pagodite

   Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.) Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes
   carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite.

                                    Paguma

   Pa*gu"ma  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of East Indian
   viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in form.

                                   Pagurian

   Pa*gu"ri*an  (?), n. [L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. .] (Zo\'94l.) Any
   one  of  a  tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type;
   the hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit.

                                      Pah

   Pah  (?),  interj.  An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See
   Bah.

     Fie!  fie!  fie!  pah!  pah!  Give  me  an  ounce  of  civet,  good
     apothecary, to sweeten my imagination. Shak.

                                      Pah

   Pah (?), n. [From native name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment. [New
   Zealand.] Farrow.

                                     Pahi

   Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.) A large war canoe of the Society Islands.

                                    Pahlevi

   Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as Pehlevi.

                                   Pahoehoe

   Pa*ho"e*ho`e  (?),  n.  (Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to
   lava  having  a  relatively  smooth  surface,  in distinction from the
   rough-surfaced lava, called a-a.<-- Sandwich islands = Hawaii -->

                                    PahUtes

   Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Utes.

                                     Paid

   Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of Pay.

   1. Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a paid attorney.

   2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] "Paid of his poverty." Chaucer.

                                  Paideutics

   Pai*deu"tics  (?),  n. [Gr. , fr. to teach, fr. ,, a boy.] The science
   or art of teaching.

                                     Paien

   Pai"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Paigle

   Pai"gle  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  (Bot.) A species of Primula,
   either  the  cowslip  or  the  primrose.  [Written  also pagle, pagil,
   peagle, and pygil.]

                                    Paijama

   Pai*ja"ma (?), n. Pyjama.

                                     Pail

   Pail  (?),  n. [OE. paile, AS. p\'91gel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to
   D.  &  G.  pegel  a  watermark,  a  gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan.
   p\'91gel  half  a  pint.]  A  vessel  of  wood  or  tin, etc., usually
   cylindrical  and  having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as
   water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak.

                                    Pailful

   Pail"ful  (?), n.; pl. Pailfuls (. The quantity that a pail will hold.
   "By pailfuls." Shak.

                                   Paillasse

   Pail*lasse"  (?;  F. , n. [F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a bed.] An
   under bed or mattress of straw. [Written also palliasse.]

                                   Pailmall

   Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See Pall-mall. [Obs.]

                                     Pain

   Pain  (?), n. [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment,
   torment,  pain;  akin  to  Gr.  penalty.  Cf. Penal, Pine to languish,
   Punish.]

   1.  Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a
   punishment  for  crime,  or  connected with the commission of a crime;
   penalty. Chaucer.

     We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him. Bacon.

     Interpose, on pain of my displeasure. Dryden.

     None shall presume to fly, under pain of death. Addison.

   2.  Any  uneasy  sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to
   extreme   distress  or  torture,  proceeding  from  a  derangement  of
   functions,  disease,  or  injury  by violence; bodily distress; bodily
   suffering; an ache; a smart. "The pain of Jesus Christ." Chaucer.

     NOTE: &hand; Pa in ma y occur in any part of the body where sensory
     nerves  are  distributed,  and  it  is  always  due to some kind of
     stimulation  of  them.  The  sensation is generally referred to the
     peripheral end of the nerve.

   3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.

     She  bowed  herself  and  travailed, for her pains came upon her. 1
     Sam. iv. 19.

   4.  Uneasiness  of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief;
   solicitude; anguish. Chaucer.

     In rapture as in pain. Keble.

   5. See Pains, labor, effort.
   Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- To die in the pain, to
   be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pain

   Pain,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paining.] [OE.
   peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.]

   1.  To  inflict  suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif
   (Acts xxii. 5).

   2.  To  put  to  bodily  uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy
   sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his
   dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.

     Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us. Lock

   3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a
   child's faults pain his parents.

     I am pained at mJer. iv. 19.

   To  pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to
   be  solicitous.  [Obs.]  "She  pained  her  to do all that she might."
   Chaucer.  Syn.  --  To  disquiet;  trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve;
   distress; agonize; torment; torture.
   
                                   Painable
                                       
   Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nible.] Causing pain; painful. [Obs.] 

     The  manacles  of  Astyages  were  not  .  . . the less weighty and
     painable for being composed of gold or silver. Evelyn.

                                    Painful

   Pain"ful (?), a.

   1.  Full  of  pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or
   mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing Addison.

   2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort;
   as a painful service; a painful march.

   3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller.

     A very painful person, and a great clerk. Jer. Taylor.

     Nor must the painful husbandman be tired. Dryden.

   Syn.  --  Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous;
   laborious;  toilsome;  difficult;  arduous.  --  Pain"ful*ly,  adv. --
   Pain"ful*ness, n.

                                    Painim

   Pai"nim  (?),  n.[OE.  painime  pagans,  paganism,  fr.  OF. paienisme
   paganism,  LL.  paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel;
   -- used also adjectively. [Written also panim and paynim.] Peacham.

                                   Painless

   Pain"less  (?), a. Free from pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly, adv.
   -- Pain"less*ness, n.

                                     Pains

   Pains  (?), n.Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural
   in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former.

     And all my pains is sorted to no proof. Shak.

     The pains they had taken was very great. Clarendon.

     The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled. Dryden.

                                  Painstaker

   Pains"tak`er  (?), n. One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in
   all work. Gay.

                                  Painstaking

   Pains"tak`ing,  a.  Careful  in  doing; diligent; faithful; attentive.
   "Painstaking men." Harris.

                                  Painstaking

   Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in
   performance. Beau. & Fl.

                                  Painsworthy

   Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the pains o

                                     Paint

   Paint  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr. & vb. n. Painting.]
   [OE.  peinten,  fr. F. peint, p. p. opeindre to paint, fr. L. pingere,
   pictum;  cf. Gr. many-colored, Skr. pic to adorn. Cf. Depict, Picture,
   Pigment, Pint.]

   1.  To  cover  with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to paint a
   house, a signboard, etc.

     Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.

   2.  Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors;
   to diversify with colors.

     Not painted with the crimson spots of blood. Shak.

     Cuckoo buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight. Shak.

   3.  To  form  in  colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as
   upon  canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a
   tinted  image;  to  portray  with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a
   landscape.

   4.  Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to
   delineate; to image; to depict.

     Disloyal? The word is too good to paint out her wickedness. Shak.

     If folly grow romantic, I must paint it. Pope.

   Syn.  --  To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw;
   describe.

                                     Paint

   Paint, v. t.

   1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints well.

   2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it.

     Let her paint an inch thick. Shak.

                                     Paint

   Paint, n.

   1.  (a)  A pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same prepared with a
   vehicle,  as  oil,  water  with gum, or the like, for application to a
   surface.

   2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed.

                                    Painted

   Paint"ed, a.

   1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.

     As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean. Coleridge.

   2.  (Nat.  Hist.)  Marked  with bright colors; as, the painted turtle;
   painted bunting.
   Painted  beauty  (Zo\'94l.),  a  handsome  American butterfly (Vanessa
   Huntera),  having  a  variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup (Bot.),
   any  plant  of  an  American  genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the
   bracts  are  usually  bright-colored  and more showy than the flowers.
   Castilleia  coccinea  has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in
   meadows.  -- Painted finch. See Nonpareil. -- Painted lady (Zo\'94l.),
   a  bright-colored  butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle
   (Zo\'94l.),  a  common American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta),
   having bright red and yellow markings beneath.

                                    Painter

   Paint"er  (?),  n.  [OE,  pantere  a noose, snare, F. panti\'8are, LL.
   panthera,  L.  panther  a  hunting net, fr. Gr. ; painteir a net, gin,
   snare,  Gael. painntear.] (Naut.) A rope at the bow of a boat, used to
   fasten it to anything. Totten.

                                    Painter

   Paint"er,  n.  [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zo\'94l.) The panther, or puma.
   [A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper.

                                    Painter

   Paint"er,  n. [See lst Paint.] One whose occupation is to paint; esp.:
   (a)  One  who  covers  buildings,  ships, ironwork, and the like, with
   paint.  (b)  An  artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a
   flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like. Painter's colic. (Med.)
   See  Lead  colic,  under  Colic.  -- Painter stainer. (a) A painter of
   coats  of  arms.  Crabb.  (b) A member of a livery company or guild in
   London, bearing this name.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1031

                                   Painterly

   Paint"er*ly  (?),  a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose
   of a visage." Sir P. Sidney.

                                  Paintership

   Paint"er*ship,  n.  The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br.
   Gardiner.

                                   Painting

   Paint"ing, n.

   1.  The  act  or  employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or
   colors.

   2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which
   objects  are  represented  in  color  on  a  flat  surface;  a colored
   representation of any object or scene; a picture.

   3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak.

   4.  A  depicting  by words; vivid representation in words. Syn. -- See
   Picture.

                                   Paintless

   Paint"less,  a.  Not  capable  of  being  painted  or  described.  "In
   paintless patience." Savage.

                                   Painture

   Pain"ture  (?),  n.  [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.]
   The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden.

                                    Painty

   Paint"y  (?), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of
   work  is  too  obvious;  also,  having too much pigment applied to the
   surface. [Cant]

                                     Pair

   Pair (?), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par,
   adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.]

   1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a
   set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer. Beau.
   & Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay.

     NOTE: [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.]

     Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. Beau. & Fl.

   2.  Two  things  of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and
   intended  to  be  used  together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a
   pair of shoes.

   3.  Two  of  a  sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of
   horses; a pair of oxen.

   4.  A  married  couple;  a  man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden. "The
   hapless pair." Milton.

   5.  A  single  thing,  composed of two pieces fitted to each other and
   used  together;  as,  a  pair  of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of
   bellows.

   6.  Two  members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary
   body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues
   of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on
   the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant]

   7.  (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so
   applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.

     NOTE: &hand; Pa irs are named in accordance with the kind of motion
     they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a
     cylinder  and  its  piston  a  sliding  pair, a screw and its nut a
     twisting  pair,  etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is
     along  lines  or  at  points  only  (as  a  cam  and  roller acting
     together),   is   designated   a   higher  pair;  any  pair  having
     constraining  surfaces  which  fit each other (as a cylindrical pin
     and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair.

   Pair  royal  (pl.  Pairs  Royal)  three  things  of  a  sort;  -- used
   especially  of  playing  cards  in  some  games, as cribbage; as three
   kings,  three  "eight  spots"  etc. Four of a kind are called a double
   pair  royal. "Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair
   royal  of  naturals in my own hand." Goldsmith. "That great pair royal
   of adamantine sisters [the Fates]." Quarles. [Written corruptly parial
   and  prial.]  Syn.  --  Pair,  Flight,  Set.  Originally, pair was not
   confined  to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things
   (pares),  that  go  together.  Ben  Jonson  speaks  of a pair (set) of
   chessmen;  also,  he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A
   "pair  of  stairs"  is  still  in  popular  use,  as well as the later
   expression, "flight of stairs."
   
                                     Pair
                                       
   Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.]
   
   1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.
   
   2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.
   
     My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. Rowe.
     
   3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below.
   To  pair  off, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif.
   (Parliamentary  Cant),  to  agree  with  one  of the opposite party or
   opinion  to  abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See
   Pair, n., 6.

                                     Pair

   Pair, v. t.

   1.  To  unite  in  couples;  to  form a pair of; to bring together, as
   things  which  belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to
   one another.

     Glossy jet is paired with shining white. Pope.

   2.  To  engage  (one's  self) with another of opposite opinions not to
   vote  on  a  particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary
   Cant]
   Paired fins. (Zo\'94l.) See under Fin.

                                     Pair

   Pair, v. t. [See Impair.] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                    Pairer

   Pair"er (?), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif.

                                    Pairing

   Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v. i.]

   1. The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.

   2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i.
   Pairyng time, the time when birds or other animals pair.

                                   Pairment

   Pair"ment (?), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif.

                                     Pais

   Pa`is  (?),  n.  [OF.  pu\'8bs,  F.  pays,  country.]  (O. E. Law) The
   country; the people of the neighborhood.

     NOTE: &hand; A  tr ial per pais is a trial by the country, that is,
     by  a jury; and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or
     jury.

                                    Paisano

   Pa`i*sa"no  (?),  n.  [Sp.,  of  the country, (Zo\'94l.) The chaparral
   cock.

                                     Paise

   Paise (?), n. [Obs.] See Poise. Chapman.

                                    Pajock

   Pa"jock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Pakfong

   Pak"fong` (?), n. See Packfong.

                                      Pal

   Pal  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  A  mate;  a  partner;  esp.,  an
   accomplice or confederate. [Slang]

                                    Palace

   Pal"ace (?), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium,
   one of the seven hills of Rome, Paladin.]

   1.  The  residence  of  a  sovereign,  including  the lodgings of high
   officers  of  state,  and  rooms  for  business,  as well as halls for
   ceremony and reception. Chaucer.

   2.   The  official  residence  of  a  bishop  or  other  distinguished
   personage.

   3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house.
   Palace   car.   See  under  Car.  --  Palace  court,  a  court  having
   jurisdiction  of  personal  actions arising within twelve miles of the
   palace  at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley &
   W.

                                   Palacious

   Pa*la"cious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt.

                                    Paladin

   Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of
   the  palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion;
   as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott.

                                   Pal\'91o-

   Pa"l\'91*o- (?). See Paleo-.

                     Pal\'91ographer, n., Pal\'91ographic

   Pa`l\'91*og"ra*pher  (?),  n.,  Pa`l\'91*o*graph"ic  (,  a.,  etc. See
   Paleographer, Paleographic, etc.

                                 Pal\'91otype

   Pa"l\'91*o*type  (?),  n.  [Pal\'91o-  +  -type.]  (Phon.) A system of
   representing  all  spoken  sounds  by  means  of the printing types in
   common    use.    Ellis.    --   Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al   (#),   a.   --
   Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                  Pal\'91stra

   Pa*l\'91s"tra (?), n. See Palestra.

                                 Pal\'91stric

   Pa*l\'91s"tric (?), a. See Palestric.

                               Pal\'91tiologist

   Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pal\'91tiology.

                                Pal\'91tiology

   Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Pal\'91o-  + \'91tiology.] The science
   which  explains,  by  the  law  of  causation,  the past condition and
   changes of the earth. -- Pa*l\'91`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.

                                    Palama

   Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl. Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A membrane
   extending  between  the  toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less
   closely together.

                                 Palamede\'91

   Pal`a*me"de*\'91  (?),  n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder,
   including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called also
   screamers.  In  many  anatomical  characters  they  are  allied to the
   Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.

                                   Palampore

   Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See Palempore.

                                    Palanka

   Pa*lan"ka  (?),  n.  [Cf.  It.,  Pg.,  &  Sp.  palanca, fr.L. palanga,
   phalanga a pole, Gr. (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched, attached to
   Turkish frontier fortresses.

                                   Palanquin

   Pal`an*quin"  (?),  n.  [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki,
   OJavan.  palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. parya, palya, bed, couch;
   pari  around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a a hook, flank, probably akin
   to  E.  angle  fishing  tackle.  Cf.  Palkee.] An inclosed carriage or
   litter,  commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet
   high,  borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles,
   --  used  in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person
   from place to place. [Written also palankeen.]

                                  Palapteryx

   Pa*lap"te*ryx  (?),  n.  [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.) A large extinct
   ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.

                                 Palatability

   Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Palatableness.

                                   Palatable

   Pal"a*ta*ble  (?), a. [From Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste;
   savory;  hence,  acceptable;  pleasing;  as, palatable food; palatable
   advice.

                                 Palatableness

   Pal"a*ta*ble*ness,  n.  The quality or state of being agreeable to the
   taste; relish; acceptableness.

                                   Palatably

   Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable manner.

                                    Palatal

   Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. palatal.]

   1. Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; as, the palatal bones.

   2.  (Phonetics)  Uttered  by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain
   sounds, as the sound of k in kirk.

                                    Palatal

   Pal"a*tal,  n. (Phon.) A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the
   aid of the palate, as the letters k and y.

                                  Palatalize

   Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Phon.) To palatize.

                                    Palate

   Pal"ate (?), n. [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.]

   1. (Anat.) The roof of the mouth.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the
     maxillary  and  palatine  bones,  is  called  the  hard  palate  to
     distinguish  it  from  the  membranous  and  muscular curtain which
     separates  the  cavity  of the mouth from the pharynx and is called
     the soft palate, or velum.

   2.  Relish;  taste;  liking;  --  a  sense originating in the mistaken
   notion that the palate is the organ of taste.

     Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests. Pope.

   3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker.

   4.  (Bot.)  A  projection  in  the  throat  of  such  flowers  as  the
   snapdragon.

                                    Palate

   Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Palatial

   Pa*la"tial  (?), a. [L. palatium palace. See Palace.] Of or pertaining
   to  a  palace;  suitable  for  a  palace;  resembling a palace; royal;
   magnificent; as, palatial structures. "Palatial style." A. Drummond.

                                   Palatial

   Pa*la"tial,  a.  [From  Palate.]  (Anat.)  Palatal;  palatine.  [Obs.]
   Barrow.

                                   Palatial

   Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones.

                                    Palatic

   Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Palatal; palatine.

                                    Palatic

   Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A palatal. [R.]

                                  Palatinate

   Pa*lat"i*nate  (?),  n.  [F. palatinat. See Palatine.] The province or
   seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine. Howell.

                                  Palatinate

   Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller.

                                   Palatine

   Pal"a*tine  (?),  a.  [F.  palatin,  L.  palatinus,  fr. palatium. See
   Palace,  and  cf. Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high
   officer  of  a  palace;  hence,  possessing  royal  privileges.  Count
   palatine,  County  palatine.  See under Count, and County. -- Palatine
   hill,  OR  The palatine, one of the seven hills of Rome, once occupied
   by the palace of the C\'91sars. See Palace.

                                   Palatine

   Pal"a*tine (?), n.

   1. One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains; a
   count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th Count.

   2. The Palatine hill in Rome.

                                   Palatine

   Pal"a*tine,  a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate.
   Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in
   the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries.

                                   Palatine

   Pal"a*tine, (Anat.) A palatine bone.

                                   Palative

   Pal"a*tive  (?), a. Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] "Palative
   delights." Sir T. Browne.

                                   Palatize

   Pal"a*tize  (?),  v. t. To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means
   of  the palate; as, to palatize a letter or sound. -- Pal`a*ti*za"tion
   (#), n. J. Peile.

                                    Palato-

   Pal"a*to-  (?).  [From  Palate.]  A  combining form used in anatomy to
   indicate   relation   to,  or  connection  with,  the  palate;  as  in
   palatolingual.

                                  Palatonares

   Pal`a*to*na"res  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palato-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The
   posterior nares. See Nares.

                                Palatopterygoid

   Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Palato- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining
   to   the   palatine  and  pterygoid  region  of  the  skull;  as,  the
   palatopterygoid  cartilage,  or  rod,  from  which  the  palatine  and
   pterygoid bones are developed.

                                    Palaver

   Pa*la"ver  (?),  n.  [Sp.  palabra,  or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a
   comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See Parable.]

   1.  Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to
   deceive; flattery.

   2.  In  Africa,  a  parley  with  the natives; a talk; hence, a public
   conference and deliberation; a debate.

     This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers. Carlyle.

                                    Palaver

   Pa*la"ver,  v.  t.  &  i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Palavering.] To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly
   or  deceitfully;  to  employ  flattery;  to  cajole;  as,  to  palaver
   artfully.

     Palavering the little language for her benefit. C. Bront

                                   Palaverer

   Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who palavers; a flatterer.

                                     Pale

   Pale  (?),  a.  [Compar.  Paler (?); superl. Palest.] [F. p\'83le, fr.
   p\'83lir  to turn pale, L. pallere to be oAppall, Fallow, pall, v. i.,
   Pallid.]

   1.  Wanting  in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale
   face; a pale red; a pale blue. "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.

     Speechless he stood and pale. Milton.

     They are not of complexion red or pale. T. Randolph.

   2.  Not  bright  or  brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the
   pale light of the moon.

     The  night,  methinks,  is but the daylight sick; It looks a little
     paler. Shak.

     NOTE: &hand; Pale is often used in the formation of self-explaining
     compounds;  as,  pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking,
     etc.

                                     Pale

   Pale, n. Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak.

                                     Pale

   Pale,  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.] To turn
   pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier.

     Apt to pale at a trodden worm. Mrs. Browning.

                                     Pale

   Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.

     The glowpale his uneffectual fire. Shak.

                                     Pale

   Pale,  n. [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol a stake, and lst
   Pallet.]

   1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened
   to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket.

     Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. Mortimer.

   2.  That  which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a
   palisade. "Within one pale or hedge." Robynson (More's Utopia).

   3.  A  space  or  field  having  bounds or limits; a limited region or
   place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. "To walk the studious
   cloister's pale." Milton. "Out of the pale of civilization." Macaulay.

   4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer.

   5.  (Her.)  One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular
   stripe  in  an  escutcheon,  equally  distant  from the two edges, and
   occupying one third of it.

   6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds.

   7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.
   English  pale  (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the
   English  conquerors  of  Ireland held dominion for a long period after
   their invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer.

                                     Pale

   Pale,  v.  t. To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to
   encompass; to fence off.

     [Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in With rocks unscalable
     and roaring waters. Shak.

                                     Palea

   Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl. Pale\'91 (-&emac;). [L., chaff.]

   1.  (Bot.)  (a)  The interior chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the
   chaffy  scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound
   flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird,
   as in the turkey; a dewlap.

                                  Paleaceous

   Pa`le*a"ceous  (?),  a. [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy; resembling or
   consisting  of  pale\'91,  or  chaff;  furnished  with  chaff;  as,  a
   paleaceous receptacle.

                                  Palearctic

   Pa`le*arc"tic  (?), a. [Paleo- + arctic.] Belonging to a region of the
   earth's  surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and
   all temperate Asia.

                                     Paled

   Paled (?), a. [See 5th Pale.]

   1. Striped. [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . paled part per part." Spenser.

   2. Inclosed with a paling. "A paled green." Spenser.

                               Pale\'89chinoidea

   Pa`le*\'89ch`i*noi"de*a  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Echinoidea.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  An  extinct  order  of  sea urchins found in the Paleozoic
   rocks.  They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also
   Pal\'91echini. [Written also Pal\'91echinoidea.]
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   Page 1032

                                   Paleface

   Pale"face`  (?), n. A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have
   been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper.

                                 Paleichthyes

   Pa`le*ich"thy*es  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Paleo-,  and Ichthyology.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A  comprehensive  division  of  fishes  which includes the
   elasmobranchs and ganoids. [Written also Pal\'91ichthyes.]

                                    Palely

   Pale"ly  (?), adv. [From Pale, a.] In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not
   freshly or ruddily. Thackeray.

                                   Palempore

   Pal`em*pore"  (?), n. A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used
   for  bed  coverings.  [Written  also  palampore,  palampoor,  etc.] De
   Colange.

                                   Paleness

   Pale"ness  (?),  n.  The  quality  or condition of being pale; want of
   freshness  or  ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster;
   wanness.

     The blood the virgin's cheek forsook; A livid paleness spreads o'er
     all her look. Pope.

                                   Palenque

   Pa*len"que  (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of
   Nicaragua and Honduras.

                                    Paleo-

   Pa"le*o-  (?). [Gr. , adj.] A combining form meaning old, ancient; as,
   palearctic,   paleontology,  paleothere,  paleography.  [Written  also
   pal\'91o-.]

                                 Paleobotanist

   Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One versed in paleobotany.

                                  Paleobotany

   Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny   (?),   n.   [Paleo-   +  botany.]  That  branch  of
   paleontology which treats of fossil plants.

                                  Paleocarida

   Pa`le*o*car"ida  (?),  n.  pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ancient + , , , a kind of
   crustacean.]   (Zo\'94l.)   Same   as   Merostomata.   [Written   also
   Pal\'91ocarida.]

                                Paleocrinoidea

   Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A  suborder  of  Crinoidea  found chiefly in the Paleozoic
   rocks.

                                 Paleocrystic

   Pa`le*o*crys"tic  (?),  a.  [Paleo-  + Gr. ice.] Of, pertaining to, or
   derived from, a former glacial formation.

                                 Paleog\'91an

   Pa`le*o*g\'91"an  (?),  a.  [Paleo-  +  Gr. the eart] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
   pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere. [Written also pal\'91og\'91an.]

                                  Paleograph

   Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An ancient manuscript.

                                 Paleographer

   Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.

                         Paleographic, Paleographical

   Pa`le*o*graph"ic    (?),   Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al   (?),   a.   [Cf.   F.
   pal\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to paleography.

                                 Paleographist

   Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in paleography; a paleographer.

                                  Paleography

   Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- + -graphy: cf. F. pal\'82ographie.]

   1.  An  ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as,
   Punic paleography.

   2.  The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or
   science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin,
   period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.

                                    Paleola

   Pa*le"o*la  (?),  n.;  pl.  Paleol\'91  (#).  [NL., dim. of L. palea.]
   (Bot.) A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule.

                                   Paleolith

   Pa"le*o*lith  (?),  n.  [Paleo-  +  -lith.]  (Geol.)  A  relic  of the
   Paleolithic era.

                                  Paleolithic

   Pa`le*o*lith"ic  (?),  a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by
   early  stone  implements. The Paleolithic era (as proposed by Lubbock)
   includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to
   it  are  for  the  most  part of extinct animals, with relics of human
   beings.

                                  Paleologist

   Pa`le*ol"ogist   (?),  n.  One  versed  in  paleology;  a  student  of
   antiquity.

                                   Paleology

   Pa`le*ol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Paleo-  +  -logy.] The study or knowledge of
   antiquities,  esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise
   on antiquities; arch\'91ology .

                               Paleontographical

   Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the description of
   fossil remains.

                                Paleontography

   Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. -graphy.] The description of
   fossil remains.

                                Paleontological

   Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of  or pertaining to paleontology. --
   Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                Paleontologist

   Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pal\'82ontologiste.] One versed in
   paleontology.

                                 Paleontology

   Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Paleo-  +  Gr. -logy. Cf. Ontology.] The
   science  which  treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils
   which are the remains of such life.

                               Paleophytologist

   Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. A paleobotanist.

                                Paleophytology

   Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + phytology.] Paleobotany.

                                Paleornithology

   Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Paleo- + ornithology.] The branch of
   paleontology which treats of fossil birds.

                                  Paleosaurus

   Pa`le*o*sau"rus  (?),  n.[NL.,  fr. Gr. ancient + (Paleon.) A genus of
   fossil saurians found in the Permian formation.

                                 Paleotechnic

   Pa`le*o*tech"nic   (?),  a.  [Paleo-  +  technic.]  Belonging  to,  or
   connected with, ancient art. "The paleotechnic men of central France."
   D. Wilson.

                                  Paleothere

   Pa"le*o*there  (?), n. [F. pal\'82oth\'8are.] (Paleon.) Any species of
   Paleotherium.

                                 Paleotherian

   Pa`le*o*the"ri*an  (?),  a.  [F.  pal\'82oth\'82rien.] (Paleon.) Of or
   pertaining to Paleotherium.

                                 Paleotherium

   Pa`le*o*the"ri*um  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
   herbivorous  Tertiary  mammals,  once  supposed  to have resembled the
   tapir  in  form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a
   long neck like that of a llama. [Written also Pal\'91otherium.]

                                 Paleotheroid

   Pa`le*o*the"roid   (?),  [Paleothere  +  -oid.]  (Paleon.)  Resembling
   Paleotherium.   --   n.  An  animal  resembling,  or  allied  to,  the
   paleothere.

                                   Paleotype

   Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See Pal\'91otype.

                                    Paleous

   Pa"le*ous  (?),  a.  [L. palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous.
   [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                   Paleozoic

   Pa`le*o*zo"ic  (?),  a.  [Paleo- + Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or
   designating,  the  older division of geological time during which life
   is  known  to  have  existed,  including  the  Silurian, Devonian, and
   Carboniferous  ages,  and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See
   Chart of Geology.

                                Paleozo\'94logy

   Pa`le*o*zo*\'94l"o*gy (?), n. (Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata.

                                Paleozo\'94ogy

   Pa`le*o*zo*\'94"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Paleo-  + zo\'94logy.] The science of
   extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.

                                Palesie, Palesy

   Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy, n. Palsy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

                           Palestinian, Palestinean

   Pal`es*tin"i*an  (?),  Pal`es*tin"e*an  (?),  a.  Of  or pertaining to
   Palestine.

                                   Palestra

   Pa*les"tra  (?),  n.;  pl. L. Palestr\'91 (#), E. Palestras (#). [NL.,
   fr.  L.  palaestra,  Gr.  [Written  also  pal\'91stra.] (Antiq.) (a) A
   wrestling  school;  hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic exercise
   in general. (b) A wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.

                      Palestrian, Palestric, Palestrical

   Pa*les"tri*an   (?),  Pa*les"tric  (?),  Pa*les"tric*al  (?),  a.  [L.
   palaestricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.

                                     Palet

   Pal"et (?), n. [See Palea.] (Bot.) Same as Palea.

                                    Paletot

   Pal"e*tot  (?),  n. [F. paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L. palla (see
   Palla)  +  F.  toque cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf.
   Sp.  paletoque.] (a) An overcoat. Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment,
   -- of varying fashion.

                                    Palette

   Pal"ette (?), n. [See Pallet a thin board.]

   1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole
   at  one  end  for  holding  it,  on which a painter lays and mixes his
   pigments. [Written also pallet.]

   2.  (Anc.  Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at
   the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt.

   3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill.
   Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting
   edge,  rounded  at  the  end,  used  by  painters to mix colors on the
   grinding  slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon
   it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended
   use of them in a picture. Fairholt.

                                   Palewise

   Pale"wise`  (?),  adv.  (Her.)  In  the  manner of a pale or pales; by
   perpendicular   lines  or  divisions;  as,  to  divide  an  escutcheon
   palewise.

                                    Palfrey

   Pal"frey  (?),  n.  [OE.  palefrai,  OF.  palefrei,  F.  palefroi, LL.
   palafredus,  parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary
   occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. veredus a post horse.]

   1.   A  saddle  horse  for  the  road,  or  for  state  occasions,  as
   distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer.

   2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser.

     Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey. Tennyson.

                                   Palfreyed

   Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a palfrey. Tickell.

                                   Palgrave

   Pal"grave (?), n. See Palsgrave.

                                     Pali

   Pa"li (?), n., pl. of Palus.

                                     Pali

   Pa"li  (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. p\'beli row, line, series, applied
   to  the  series  of  Buddhist  sacred texts.] A dialect descended from
   Sanskrit,  and  like  that,  a  dead language, except when used as the
   sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc.

                                 Palification

   Pal`i*fi*ca"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to
   make:  cf.  F.  palification. See -fy.] The act or practice of driving
   piles or posts into the ground to make it firm. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

                                   Paliform

   Pa"li*form  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Resembling a palus; as, the paliform
   lobes of the septa in corals.

                                   Palilogy

   Pa*lil"o*gy  (?),  n.  [L.  palilogia, Gr. (Rhet.) The repetition of a
   word,  or  part  of  a sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; as,
   "The living, the living, he shall praise thee." Is. xxxviii. 19.

                                  Palimpsest

   Pal"imp*sest  (?),  n. [L. palimpsestus, Gr. palimpseste.] A parchment
   which  has  been  written  upon  twice,  the first writing having been
   erased to make place for the second. Longfellow.

                                  Palindrome

   Pal"in*drome  (?),  n.  [Gr.  palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence,
   that  is the same when read backward or forward; as, madam; Hannah; or
   Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel.

                          Palindromic, Palindromical

   Pal`in*drom"ic  (?),  Pal`in*drom"ic*al  (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or
   like, a palindrome.

                                 Palindromist

   Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A writer of palindromes.

                                    Paling

   Pal"ing (?), n.

   1.  Pales,  in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit;
   an inclosure.

     They moved within the paling of order and decorum. De Quincey.

   2.  The  act  of  placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes
   themselves. [Obs.] Chaucer.
   Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it
   to be sawed into boards. [Eng.]

                                 Palingenesia

   Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?), n.[NL.] See Palingenesis.

                           Palingenesis, Palingenesy

   Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?), Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. paling\'82n\'82sie.
   See Genesis.]

   1.  A  new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence
   in different manner or form.

   2.  (Biol.)  That  form  of  evolution  in  which  the truly ancestral
   characters  conserved  by  heredity  are  reproduced  in  development;
   original simple descent; -- distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes,
   in zo\'94logy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc.

                                 Palingenetic

   Pal`in*ge*net"ic  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to palingenesis: as, a
   palingenetic process. -- Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

                                   Palinode

   Pal"i*node (?), n. [L. palinodia, from Gr. Ode.]

   1.  An  ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a repetition
   of an ode.

   2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction. Sandys.

                                  Palinodial

   Pal`i*no"di*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction.
   J. Q. Adams.

                                   Palinody

   Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See Palinode. [Obs.] Wood.

                                   Palinurus

   Pal`inu"rus  (?),  n.  [So  called  from  L.  Palinurus,  the pilot of
   \'92neas.]  (Naut.)  An  instrument  for  obtaining  directly, without
   calculation,  the true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of
   the compass

                                   Palisade

   Pal`i*sade"  (?),  n.  [F. palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It. palizzata,
   palizzo,  LL.  palissata;  all  fr. L. palus a stake, pale. See Pale a
   stake.]

   1. (Fort.) A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the
   ground,  and  the  other  is  sharpened;  also, a fence formed of such
   stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.

   2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes.
   Palisade  cells (Bot.), vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as
   are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. --
   Palisade  worm  (Zo\'94l.),  a  nematoid  worm  (Strongylus  armatus),
   parasitic  in  the  blood  vessels  of the horse, in which it produces
   aneurisms, often fatal.

                                   Palisade

   Pal`i*sade",  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Palisaded;  p.  pr.  &  vb. n.
   Palisading.]  [Cf.  F.  palissader.] To surround, inclose, or fortify,
   with palisades.

                                  Palisading

   Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. Fort.) A row of palisades set in the ground.

                                   Palisado

   Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl. Palisadoes (. A palisade. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Palisado

   Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade. [Obs.] Sterne.

                                    Palish

   Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale or wan.

                                  Palissander

   Pal`is*san"der  (?),  n. [F. palissandre.] (Bot.) (a) Violet wood. (b)
   Rosewood.

                                    Palissy

   Pal"is*sy  (?), a. Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery
   made  by Bernard Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry. Palissy ware,
   glazed  pottery  like  that  made by Bernard Palissy; especially, that
   having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high relief.

                                    Palkee

   Pal"kee  (?),  n.  [Hind.  p\'belk\'c6;  of  the  same  origin  as  E.
   palanquin.] A palanquin. Malcom.

                                     Pall

   Pall (?), n. Same as Pawl.

                                     Pall

   Pall,  n.  [OE. pal, AS. p\'91l, from L. pallium cover, cloak, mantle,
   pall; cf. L. palla robe, mantle.]

   1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle.

     His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold. Spenser.

   2.  A  kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.]
   Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).

   3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pallium.

     About  this  time  Pope  Gregory  sent  two archbishop's palls into
     England, -- the one for London, the other for York. Fuller.

   4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and
   having the form of the letter Y.

   5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a
   funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.

     Warriors carry the warrior's pall. Tennyson.

   6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on
   one side; -- used to put over the chalice.

                                     Pall

   Pall, v. t. To cloak. [R.] Shak

                                     Pall

   Pall,  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palling.]
   [Either  shortened  fr.  appall,  or fr. F. p\'83lir to grow pale. Cf.
   Appall,  Pale,  a.]  To  become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to
   lose strength, life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls.

     Beauty  soon  grows  familiar  to  the lover, Fades in the eye, and
     palls upon the sense. Addisin.

                                     Pall

   Pall, v. t.

   1.  To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull;
   to weaken. Chaucer.

     Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments. Atterbury.

   2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite.

                                     Pall

   Pall, n. Nausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury.

                                     Palla

   Pal"la  (?),  n.  [L.  See  Pall  a  cloak.]  (Rom.  Antuq.) An oblong
   rectangular  piece  of  cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with
   brooches.

                                   Palladian

   Pal*la"di*an  (?),  a.  (Arch.)  Of,  pertaining to, or designating, a
   variety  of  the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the
   works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th century.

                                   Palladic

   Pal*la"dic  (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  derived from,
   palladium;  -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which
   the  element  has  a  higher  valence  as  contrasted  with palladious
   compounds.

                                  Palladious

   Pal*la"di*ous  (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Of,  pertaining  to,  or containing,
   palladium;  -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which
   palladium has a lower valence as compared with palladic compounds.

                                   Palladium

   Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Gr.  Antiq.)  Any  statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous
   statue  on  the  preservation  of which depended the safety of ancient
   Troy.

   2.  Hence:  That  which  affords  effectual  protection or security; a
   sateguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights.
   Blackstone.

                                   Palladium

   Pal*la"di*um,  n.  [NL.]  (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light
   platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold.
   It  is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent
   and  untarnished  in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique
   in  its  power  of  occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of
   nearly  a  thousand  volumes,  forming  the alloy Pd2H. It is used for
   graduated  circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and
   somewhat  in  dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the
   asteroid  Pallas,  which  was  discovered  in  1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic
   weight, 106.2.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1033

                                  Paladiumize

   Pala"di*um*ize  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Palladiumized (?); p. pr. &
   vb. n. Palladiumizing (?).] To cover or coat with palladium. [R.]

                                    Pallah

   Pal"lah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope (\'92pyceros
   melampus).  The  male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general
   color  is  bay,  with  a  black  crescent  on  the  croup. Called also
   roodebok.

                                    Pallas

   Pal"las  (?),  n.  [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the Grecian
   goddess  of  wisdom,  called  also  Athene, and identified, at a later
   period, with the Roman Minerva.<-- usu. spelled Athena -->

                                  Pallbearer

   Pall"bear*er  (?), n. One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral;
   -- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.

                                    Pallet

   Pal"let  (?),  n. [OE. paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr. paille
   straw,  fr.  L.  palea chaff; cf. Gr. pala straw, pal\'beva chaff. Cf.
   Paillasse.] A small and mean bed; a bed of straw. Milton.

                                     Palet

   Pa"let,  n.  [Dim.  of pale. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) A perpendicular
   band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale.

                                    Pallet

   Pal"let,  n.  [F.  palette:  af.  It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire
   shovel, dim. of L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a shovel.]

   1. (Paint.) Same as Palette.

   2.  (Pettery) (a) A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers,
   etc.,  for  forming,  beating,  and  rounding their works. It is oval,
   round, and of other forms. (b) A potter's wheel.

   3.  (Gilding)  (a)  An  instrument  used to take up gold leaf from the
   pillow,  and  to  apply  it. (b) A tool for gilding the backs of books
   over the bands.

   4.  (Brickmaking) A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to
   the hack. Knight.

   5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of
   the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump. Knight.

   6.  (Horology) One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum
   of  a  clock,  or  the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate
   impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel. Brande & C.

   7.  (Mus.)  In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth
   of a pipe or row of pipes.

   8.  (Zo\'94l.)  One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon
   tubes of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo.

   9. A cup containing three ounces, --

                                    Pallial

   Pal"li*al  (?),  a.  [L. pallium a mantle. See Pall.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
   pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced
   by  the  mantle;  as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the
   attachment  of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell. See
   Illust. of Bivalve. Pallial chamber (Zo\'94l.), the cavity inclosed by
   the  mantle.  --  Pallial  sinus  (Zo\'94l.), an inward bending of the
   pallial  line,  near  the  posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to
   receive the siphon. See Illust. of Bivalve.
   
                                  Palliament
                                       
   Pal"li*a*ment  (?),  n.  [LL.  palliare  to  clothe,  fr. L. pallium a
   manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a robe. [Obs.] Shak. 

                                   Palliard

   Pal"liard  (?), n. [F. paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr.
   paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.]

   1. A born beggar; a vagabond. [Obs.] Halliwell.

   2. A lecher; a lewd person. [Obs.] Dryden.

                                   Palliasse

   Pal*liasse" (?), n. See Paillasse.

                                   Palliate

   Pal"li*ate  (?),  a.  [L. palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See Pall the
   garment.]

   1. Covered with a mant [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

   2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

                                   Palliate

   Pal"li*ate  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Palliating(?).]

   1. To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide. [Obs.]

     Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat. Sir T. Herbert.

   2.  To  cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and
   apologies; to extenuate; as, to palliate faults.

     They never hide or palliate their vices. Swift.

   3.  To  reduce  in  violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease
   withhout curing; as, to palliate a disease.

     To palliate dullness, and give time a shove. Cowper.

   Syn.  --  To  cover;  cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal. -- To Palliate,
   Extenuate,  Cloak.  These  words,  as  here  compared,  are  used in a
   figurative  sense  in  reference  to our treatment of wrong action. We
   cloak  in  order  to  conceal completely. We extenuate a crime when we
   endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we palliate a
   crime  when  we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least in
   part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus
   palliate  approaches  extenuate  till they have become nearly or quite
   identical.  "To  palliate  is not now used, though it once was, in the
   sense  of  wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins,
   but in that of extenuating; to palliate our faults is not to hide them
   altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part." Trench.

                                  Palliation

   Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. palliation.]

   1.  The  act  of palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation;
   excuse; as, the palliation of faults, offenses, vices.

   2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease. Bacon.

   3.  That  which  cloaks  or covers; disguise; also, the state of being
   covered or disguised. [Obs.]

                                  Palliative

   Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving
   to extenuate or mitigate.

                                  Palliative

   Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That which palliates; a palliative agent. Sir W.
   Scott.

                                  Palliatory

   Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a. Palliative; extenuating.

                                    Pallid

   Pal"lid  (?),  a.  [L.  pallidus,  fr. pallere to be or look pale. See
   pale,  a.]  Deficient  in  color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance;
   pallid blue. Spenser.

                                   Pallidity

   Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n. Pallidness; paleness.

                                   Pallidly

   Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a pallid manner.

                                  Pallidness

   Pal"lid*ness,  n.  The  quality  or  state  of being pallid; paleness;
   pallor; wanness.

                               Palliobranchiata

   Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta   (?),   n.   pl.   [NL.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Same  as
   Brachiopoda.

                               Palliobranchiate

   Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate  (?), a. [See Pallium, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods.

                                    Pallium

   Pal"li*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  L.  Pallia(Palliums  (#).  [L. See Pall the
   garment.]

   1.  (Anc.  Costume)  A large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the
   whole  person,  worn  by  the  Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the
   Roman name of a Greek garment.

   2.  (R.C.Ch.)  A  band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four
   purple crosses worked on it; a pall.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e wo ol is  ob tained from two lambs brought to the
     basilica  of  St. Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope,
     and  sent  to patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that
     they  share  in the plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is
     sent,  the  pallium  is  laid  on  the  tomb of St. Peter, where it
     remains all night.

   3.  (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mantle of a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The mantle
   of a bird.

                                   Pall-mall

   Pall`-mall"  (?),  n.  [OF. palemail, It. pallamagio; palla a ball (of
   German  origin,  akin  to E. ball) + magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See
   lst  Ball,  and  Mall a beetle.] A game formerly common in England, in
   which  a wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop
   or  ring  of  iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the
   place  where  the game was played, and to the street, in London, still
   called  Pall  Mall.  [Written  also  pail-mail  and pell-mell.] Sir K.
   Digby. Evelyn.

                                    Pallone

   Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.] An
   Italian game, played with a large leather ball.

                                    Pallor

   Pal"lor  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.]
   Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer.
   Taylor.

                                     Palm

   Palm  (?), n. [OE. paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr. p\'beni hand, and E.
   fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d Palm.]

   1. (Anat.) The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the
   bases of the fingers and the wrist.

     Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm. Tennyson.

   2.  A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its
   length  from  the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in
   measuring a horse's height.

     NOTE: &hand; In  Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The
     Romans  adopted  two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91
     inches,  and  the  greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day,
     this  measure  varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different
     in each country, and occasionally varying in the same.

   Internat. Cyc.

   3.  (Sailmaking)  A  metallic  disk, attached to a strap, and worn the
   palm  of  the  hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in
   sewing sails, etc.

   4.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  broad  flattened  part  of  an  antler,  as  of a
   full-grown  fallow  deer;  --  so called as resembling the palm of the
   hand with its protruding fingers.

   5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.

                                     Palm

   Palm,  n.  [AS.  palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a
   hand. See lst Palm, and cf. Pam.]

   1.  (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order Palm\'91 or Palmace\'91; a
   palm tree.

     NOTE: &hand; Pa lms ar e pe rennial woody plants, often of majestic
     size.  The  trunk  is  usually erect and rarely branched, and has a
     roughened  exterior  composed  of  the persistent bases of the leaf
     stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported
     on  stout,  sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of
     great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There
     are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in
     tropical  or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap,
     and  fruit  of  many  species  are  invaluable  in  the arts and in
     domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa
     palm,  the  fan  palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and
     the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto.

   2.  A  branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol
   of victory or rejoicing.

     A  great  multitude  .  . . stood before the throne, and before the
     Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands. Rev. vii.
     9.

   3.  Hence:  Any  symbol  or token of superiority, success, or triumph;
   also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of martyrdom." Chaucer.

     So  get  the  start  of the majestic world And bear the palm alone.
     Shak.

   Molucca  palm  (Bot.),  a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella l\'91vis),
   having  a  curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud
   of  a  cabbage  palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zo\'94l.), the common
   paradoxure.  --  Palm  crab (Zo\'94l.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a
   vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as
   the   African   oil  palm  (El\'91is  Guineensis),  and  used  in  the
   manufacture   of  soap  and  candles.  See  El\'91is.  --  Palm  swift
   (Zo\'94l.),  a  small swift (Cypselus Btassiensis) which frequents the
   palmyra  and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to
   the  leaf  of  the  palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same as Palm wine. --
   Palm  weevil  (Zo\'94l.),  any  one  of mumerous species of very large
   weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larv\'91 bore into palm trees,
   and  are  called  palm  borers,  and grugru worms. They are considered
   excellent  food.  --  Palm  wine, the sap of several species of palms,
   especially,  in  India,  of the wild date palm (Ph\'d2nix sylvestrix),
   the  palmyra,  and  the  Caryota  urens.  When  fermented it yields by
   distillation  arrack,  and  by  evaporation  jaggery. Called also palm
   toddy.  --  Palm worm, OR Palmworm. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The larva of a palm
   weevil. (b) A centipede.

                                     Palm

   Palm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.]

   1. To handle. [Obs.] Prior.

   2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle.

     They palmed the trick that lost the game. Prior.

   3.  To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means;
   -- usually with off.

     For you may palm upon us new for old. Dryden.

                                  Palmaceous

   Pal*ma"ceous  (?),  a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature
   of, or resembling, palms.

                                 Palma Christi

   Pal"ma  Chris"ti  (?).  [L.,  palm of Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus
   communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage, growing
   as  a  woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an herbaceous
   annual   in  temperate  regions;  --  called  also  castor-oil  plant.
   [Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.]

                                   Palmacite

   Pal"ma*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil palm.

                                    Palmar

   Pal"mar  (?),  a. [L. palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand: cf. F.
   palmaire.]

   1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the hand.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the under side of the wings of
   birds.

                                   Palmarium

   Pal*ma"ri*um  (?),  n.; pl. Palmaria (#). [NL. See Palmar.] (Zo\'94l.)
   One of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.

                                    Palmary

   Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Palmar.

                                    Palmary

   Pal"ma*ry,  a.  [L. palmarius, palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving
   the  palm  or  prize,  fr.  palma  a palm.] Worthy of the palm; palmy;
   pre\'89minent;  superior;  principal;  chief;  as,  palmary  work. Br.
   Horne.

                                    Palmate

   Pal"mate  (?),  n.(Chem.)  A  salt  of  palmic  acid;  a  ricinoleate.
   [Obsoles.]

                               Palmate, Palmated

   Pal"mate  (?), Pal"ma*ted (?), a. [L. palmatus marked with the palm of
   a hand, from palma the palm of the hand.]

   1.  Having  the  shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers
   spread.

   2.  (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a
   leaf,  or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers.
   Gray.

   3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most
   swimming  birds;  webbed.  See  Illust. (i) under Aves. (b) Having the
   distal  portion  broad,  flat, and more or less divided into lobes; --
   said of certain corals, antlers, etc.

                                   Palmately

   Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a palmate manner.

                                  Palmatifid

   Pal*mat"i*fid  (?),  a.  [L.  palmatus  palmate  +  root of findere to
   split.]  (Bot.)  Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more
   than halfway to the common center.

                                 Palmatilobed

   Pal*mat"i*lobed  (?),  a.  [L.  palmatus  palmate  + E. lobed.] (Bot.)
   Palmate,  with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common
   center.

                          Palmatisect, Palmatisected

   Pal*mat"i*sect  (?),  Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate +
   secare to cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the midrib,
   so that the parenchyma is interrupted.

                                   Palmcrist

   Palm"crist  (?), n. The palma Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay
   version, note.)

                                    Palmed

   Palmed  (?),  a.  Having  or  bearing  a  palm  or  palms. Paimed deer
   (Zo\'94l.), a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4.

                                    Palmer

   Palm"er  (?),  n.  [From  Palm,  v. t.] One who palms or cheats, as at
   cards or dice.

                                    Palmer

   Palm"er,  n.[From  Palm  the  tree.]  A  wandering  religious  votary;
   especially,  one  who  bore  a  branch  of palm as a token that he had
   visited the Holy Land and its sacred places. Chaucer.

     Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together. P. Plowman.

     The  pilgrim  had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none.
     The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but
     the palmer to all. T. Staveley.

                                  Palmerworm

   Palm"er*worm`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  Any  hairy caterpillar which
   appears  in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like
   a  palmer.  The name is applied also to other voracious insects. Joel.
   i.  4.  (b)  In  America, the larva of any one of several moths, which
   destroys  the  foliage  of  fruit  and forest trees, esp. the larva of
   Ypsolophus pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.

                                   Palmette

   Pal*mette"  (?),  n.  [F.,  dim.  of palme a palm.] A floral ornament,
   common  in  Greek  and other ancient architecture; -- often called the
   honeysuckle ornament.

                                   Palmetto

   Pal*met"to  (?), n. [Dim. of palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.] (Bot.) A
   name  given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West
   Indies  and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name
   is  applied  especially  to  the Cham\'91rops, OR Sabal, Palmetto, the
   cabbage  tree  of  Florida  and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under
   Cabbage.
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   Page 1034

   Royal  palmetto,  the  West  Indian  Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of
   which,  when  hollowed,  is  used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are
   used  for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto,
   Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The
   nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub.
   
                                    Palmic
                                       
   Pal"mic  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  palmique.]  (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
   derived  from,  the  castor-oil  plant  (Ricinus  communis,  or  Palma
   Christi);  -- formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic
   acid. [Obsoles.] 

                                 Palmidactyles

   Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet.

                                  Palmiferous

   Pal*mif"er*ous  (?), a.[L. palmifer; palma a palm + ferre to bear: cf.
   F. palmif\'8are.] Bearing palms.

                                  Palmigrade

   Pal"mi*grade  (?),  a.  [L.  palma  palm of the hand + gradi to walk.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some
   mammals.

                                    Palmin

   Pal"min  (?),  n.  [From palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.] (Chem.) (a) A
   white   waxy   or  fatty  substance  obtained  from  castor  oil.  (b)
   Ricinolein. [Obs.]

                                   Palmiped

   Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L. palmipes, -edis, broad-footed; palma the palm of
   the hand + pes a foot; cf. F. palmip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Web-footed, as
   a water fowl. -- n. A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.

                                  Palmipedes

   Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Natatores.

                                   Palmister

   Pal"mis*ter  (?),  n.  [From  Palm  of  the  hand.]  One who practices
   palmistry Bp. Hall.

                                   Palmistry

   Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See Palmister.]

   1.  The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging
   of  character,  by  the  lines  and  marks  in  the  palm of the hand;
   chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper.

   2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison.

                                   Palmitate

   Pal"mi*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid.

                                    Palmite

   Pal"mite  (?),  n. [From Palm.] (Bot.) A South African plant (Prionium
   Palmita)  of  the  Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems
   have been used for making brushes.

                                   Palmitic

   Pal*mit"ic  (?),  a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from,
   palmitin  or  palm  oil;  as,  palmitic acid, a white crystalline body
   belonging  to  the  fatty  acid  series.  It is readily soluble in hot
   alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62° C.

                                   Palmitin

   Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol.
   Chem.)  A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in
   vegetables.  It  occurs  mixed  with  stearin  and olein in the fat of
   animal  tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive
   oil,  etc.  Chemically,  it  is  a  glyceride  of palmitic acid, three
   molecules  of  palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl,
   and   hence   it   is  technically  called  tripalmitin,  or  glyceryl
   tripalmitate.

                                  Palmitolic

   Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a. [Palmitic + -oleic + ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
   or  designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric
   with linoleic acid.

                                   Palmitone

   Pal"mi*tone (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid.

                                  Palm Sunday

   Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called
   in  commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when
   the multitude strewed palm branches in the way.

                                     Palmy

   Palm"y (?), a.

   1.  Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; as, a palmy
   shore. Pope.

     His golden sands and palmy wine. Goldsmith.

   2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous.

     In the most high and palmy state of Rome. Shak.

                                    Palmyra

   Pal*my"ra  (?),  n. (Bot.) A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis)
   having  a  straight,  black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is
   found  native  along  the  entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean,
   from  the  mouth  of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred
   uses  to which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is
   largely  used  for  building  purposes;  its fruit and roots serve for
   food, its sap for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.

                                    Palola

   Pa*lo"la  (?), n. [Fr. the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid (Palola
   viridis)  which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface
   of the sea about some of the Pcific Islands, where it is collected for
   food.

                                   Pallometa

   Pal`lo*me"ta (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pompano.

                                     Palp

   Palp (?), n. [Cf. F. palpe. See Palpable.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpus.

                                     Palp

   Palp,  v.  t. [L. palpare: cf. F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or
   feeling of; to feel. [Obs.]

     To bring a palp\'8ad darkness o'er the earth. Heywood.

                                  Palpability

   Pal`pa*bil"i*ty  (?), n. The quality of being palpable, or perceptible
   by the touch. Arbuthnot.

                                   Palpable

   Pal"pa*ble  (?),  a. [F. palpable, L. palpabilis, fr. palpare to feel,
   stroke; cf. palpus the soft palm of the hand.]

   1.  Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a
   palpable form. Shak.

     Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, Palpable darkness. Milton.

   2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and
   detected;  gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable
   errors. "Three persons palpable." P. Plowman.

     [Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable. Shak.

   -- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. -- Pal"pa*bly, adv.

                                   Palpation

   Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.]

   1. Act of touching or feeling.

   2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by touch. Quain.

                                   Palpator

   Pal*pa"tor  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  stroker.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of
   clavicorn  beetles,  including  those  which  have very long maxillary
   palpi.

                                   Palpebra

   Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl. Palpebr\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The eyelid.

                                   Palpebral

   Pal"pe*bral   (?),   a.   [L.   palpebralis,   fr.  palpebra:  cf.  F.
   palp\'82bral.] Of or pertaining to the eyelids.

                                  Palprbrate

   Pal"pr*brate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having eyelids.

                                    Palped

   Palped (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a palpus.

                                     Palpi

   Pal"pi (?), n., pl. of Palpus. (Zo\'94l.) See Palpus.

                                   Palpicorn

   Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group
   of  aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short club-shaped antenn\'91,
   and long maxillary palpi.

                                   Palpifer

   Pal"pi*fer  (?),  n.  [Palpus  + L. ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Palpiger.

                                   Palpiform

   Pal"pi*form  (?),  a.  [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Having the form of a palpus.

                                   Palpiger

   Pal"pi*ger  (?),  n. [See Palpigerous.] (Zo\'94l.) That portion of the
   labium which bears the palpi in insects.

                                  Palpigerous

   Pal*pig"er*ous  (?),  a.  [Palpus  +  -gerous.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Bearing a
   palpus. Kirby.

                                   Palpitant

   Pal"pi*tant  (?),  a.  [L.  palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing;
   trembling. Carlyle.

                                   Palpitate

   Pal"pi*tate  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Palpitating(?).]  [L.  palpitare,  palpitatum, v. intens. fr. pappare.
   See Palpable.] To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb;
   to  bound  with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter;
   -- said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from
   excitement.

                                  Palpitation

   Pal`pi*ta"tion  (?),  n.  [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.] A rapid
   pulsation;  a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart
   as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease.

                                   Palpless

   Palp"less (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Without a palpus.

                                   Palpocil

   Pal"po*cil  (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zo\'94l.) A minute soft
   filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and
   sponges.

                                    Palpus

   Pal"pus  (?),  n.; pl. Palpi (#). [NL. See Palp.] (Zo\'94l.) A feeler;
   especially,  one  of  the  jointed  sense organs attached to the mouth
   organs  of  insects,  arachnids,  crustaceans,  and  annelids; as, the
   mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The palpi of male
   spiders  serve  as  sexual  organs.  Called  also palp. See Illust. of
   Arthrogastra and Orthoptera.

                                   Palsgrave

   Pals"grave` (?), n. [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) + graaf
   count;  cf.  G.  pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A
   count  or  earl  who  presided  in  the  domestic  court,  and had the
   superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.

                                  Palsgravine

   Pals"gra*vine`  (?),  n.[D.  paltsgravin:  cf.  G.  pfalzgrafin.]  The
   consort or widow of a palsgrave.

                                   Palsical

   Pal"si*cal   (?),   a.[From  Palsy.]  Affected  with  palsy;  palsied;
   paralytic. [R.] Johnson.

                                    Palsied

   Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with palsy; paralyzed.

                                   Palstave

   Pal"stave`  (?),  n.  [Dan.  paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in
   prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age. Dawkins.

                                    Palster

   Pal"ster   (?),   n.  [D.  palsterstaf.]  A  pilgrim's  staff.  [Obs.]
   Halliwell.

                                     Palsy

   Pal"sy (?), n.; pl. Palsies (#). [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie,
   F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis, complete
   or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the palsy." Mark ii. 3. Bell's
   palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side
   of  the  face;  -- so called from Sir Charles Bell, an English surgeon
   who  described  it.  --  Scrivener's  palsy. See Writer's cramp, under
   Writer.  --  Shaking  palsy,  paralysis  agitans,  a  disease  usually
   occurring  in  old  people,  characterized  by  muscular tremors and a
   peculiar shaking and tottering gait.
   
                                     Palsy
                                       
   Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.] To
   affect  with  palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy;
   to paralyze. 

                                   Palsywort

   Pal"sy*wort`  (?), n. (Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); -- so called
   from its supposed remedial powers. Dr. Prior.

                                    Palter

   Pal"ter  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Paltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Paltering.] [See Paltry.]

   1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

   2.  To  act  in  insincere  or  deceitful  manner;  to  play false; to
   equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.

     Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter. Shak.

     Who  never  sold  the  truth  to  serve the hour, Nor paltered with
     eternal God for power. Tennyson.

   3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]

                                    Palter

   Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or
   on  worthless  things.  [Obs.]  "Palter  out  your  time  in the penal
   statutes." Beau. & Fl.

                                   Palterer

   Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who palters. Johnson.

                                   Palterly

   Pal"ter*ly,  a.  &  adv.  Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or
   Prov. Eng.] "In palterly clothes." Pepys.

                                    Paltock

   Pal"tock  (?),  n.  [See Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.]
   Piers Plowman.

                                   Paltrily

   Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a paltry manner.

                                  Paltriness

   Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of being paltry.

                                    Paltry

   Pal"try (?), a. [Compar. Paltrier (; superl. Paltriest.] [Cf. Prov. E.
   paltry  refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a rag, a
   tatter,  Dan.  pialt,  Sw.  palta, pl. paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless;
   despicable;  contemptible;  pitiful;  trifling;  as,  a paltry excuse;
   paltry gold. Cowper.

     The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost. Byron.

   Syn. -- See Contemptible.

                                    Paludal

   Pa*lu"dal  (?),  a.  [L.  palus,  -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to
   marshes  or  fens;  marshy.  [R.] Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so
   called because generated in marshy districts.

                                  Paludament

   Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See Paludamentum.

                                 Paludamentum

   Pa*lu`da*men*tum  (?),  n.; pl. Paladumenta ( (Rom. Antiq.) A military
   cloak worn by a general and his principal officers.

                                 Paludicol\'91

   Pal`u*dic"o*l\'91  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh +
   colere  to  inhabit.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  division of birds, including the
   cranes, rails, etc.

                                  Paludicole

   Pa*lu"di*cole    (?),    a.    [Cf.    F.    paludicole.]   (Zo\'94l.)
   Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicol\'91

                                   Paludina

   Pal`u*di"na  (?),  n.; pl. L. Paludin\'91 (#), E. Paludinas (#). [NL.,
   fr.  L.  palus,  -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
   species   of   freshwater  pectinibranchiate  mollusks,  belonging  to
   Paludina,  Melantho, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell
   which  is  usually  green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of Pond
   snail, under Pond.

                                   Paludinal

   Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting ponds or swamps.

                                   Paludine

   Pal"u*dine  (?),  a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to a
   marsh. Buckland.

                                  Paludinous

   Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a.

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  Paludinal.  (b)  Like  or pertaining to the genus
   Paludina.

   2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.]

                                   Paludism

   Pa*lu"dism  (?),  n.  (Med.) The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling
   among marshes; malarial disease or disposition.

                                   Paludose

   Pal"u*dose`  (?), a.[L. paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in marshy
   places; marshy.

                                    Palule

   Pal"ule (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Palulus or Palus.

                                    Palulus

   Pal"u*lus  (?),  n.;  pl. Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palus.

                                     Palus

   Pa"lus (?), n.; pl. Pali (#). [L., a stake.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several
   upright  slender  calcareous processes which surround the central part
   of the calicle of certain corals.

                                   Palustral

   Pa*lus"tral  (?), a. [L. paluster, -ustris.] Of or pertaining to a bog
   or marsh; boggy. [R.]

                                  Palustrine

   Pa*lus"trine  (?),  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or living in, a marsh or
   swamp; marshy.

                                     Paly

   Pal"y (?), a. [From Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak.
   Whittier.

                                     Paly

   Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. pal\'82. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided into four
   or  more  equal  parts  by  perpendicular  lines, and of two different
   tinctures disposed alternately.

                                      Pam

   Pam  (?), n. [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.] The knave of
   clubs. [Obs.] Pope.

                                    Pament

   Pa"ment (?), n. A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Pampano

   Pam"pa*no (?), n. [Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pompano.

                                    Pampas

   Pam"pas  (?),  n.  pl.  [Sp.,  fr.  Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast
   plains  in  the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in
   South  America.  The  term  is sometimes used in a wider sense for the
   plains  extending  from  Bolivia  to  Southern  Patagonia.  Pampas cat
   (Zo\'94l.),  a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique
   transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet
   long.  Called  also  straw  cat.  --  Pampas deer (Zo\'94l.), a small,
   reddish-brown,   South   American   deer   (Cervus,   OR  Blastocerus,
   campestris).  --  Pampas  grass  (Bot.),  a very tall ornamental grass
   (Gynerium  argenteum)  with  a  silvery-white  silky  panicle. It is a
   native of the pampas of South America.

                                    Pamper

   Pam"per  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pampering.]  [Cf.  LG.  pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe
   thick pap, and E. pap.]

   1.  To  feed  to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper
   the  body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr.
   T. Dwight.

   2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride;
   to pamper the imagination. South.

                                   Pampered

   Pam"pered  (?),  a.  Fed  luxuriously;  indulged  to  the full; hence,
   luxuriant.  "Pampered  boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope. --
   Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

                                   Pamperer

   Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper.

                                   Pamperize

   Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith.

                                    Pampero

   Pam*pe"ro  (?),  n.[Sp.,  fr.  pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the
   west  or  southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and
   the adjacent seas, often doing great damage. Sir W. Parish.

                                   Pamperos

   Pam*pe"ros  (?),  n. pl.; sing. Pampero (. [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.) A
   tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.

                                   Pamphlet

   Pam"phlet  (?),  n. [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr. OF.
   palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a leaf,
   dim.  of  fueil,  m.,  F.  feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus
   meaning,  a  leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French,
   fr.  L.  Pamphila,  a  female historian of the first century who wrote
   many  epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old French name
   given  to  Pamphilus,  a  poem  in  Latin  verse  of the 12th century,
   pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.]

   1. A writing; a book. Testament of love.

     Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third. Ascham.

   2.  A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched
   together,  often  with  a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or
   written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1035

                                   Pamphlet

   Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell.

                                  Pamphleteer

   Pam`phlet*eer"  (?),  n.  A  writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden.
   Macaulay.

                                  Pamphleteer

   Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or publish pamphlets.

     By pamphleteering we shall not win. C. Kingsley.

                                  Pampiniform

   Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.) In the
   form  of  tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian
   veins.

                                    Pampre

   Pam"pre  (?),  n.  [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.) An
   ornament,  composed  of  vine  leaves  and bunches of grapes, used for
   decorating spiral columns.

                                Pamprodactylous

   Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having all the toes
   turned forward, as the colies.

                             Pan-, Panta-, Panto-

   Pan-  (?),  Pan"ta-  (?), Pan"to- (?). [Gr. Combining forms signifying
   all,  every;  as,  panorama,  pantheism,  pantagraph, pantograph. Pan-
   becomes pam- before b or p, as pamprodactylous.

                                      Pan

   Pan, n. [OE. See 2d Pane.]

   1. A part; a portion.

   2.  (Fort.) The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and
   the flanked angle.

   3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of gold or silver.

                                      Pan

   Pan,  v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W.
   panu  to  fur,  to  full.]  To  join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.]
   Halliwell.

                                      Pan

   Pan (?), n. [Hind. p\'ben, Skr. parna leaf.] The betel leaf; also, the
   masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See .

                                      Pan

   Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds, guardian of
   bees,  and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually represented as
   having  the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of
   a  goat,  and  as  playing on the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to
   have invented.

                                      Pan

   Pan,  n.  [OE.  panne,  AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG. pfanna,
   Icel.,  Sw.,  LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E.
   paten.]

   1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many
   domestic  uses,  as  for  setting milk for cream, for frying or baking
   food,  etc.;  also employed for various uses in manufacturing. "A bowl
   or a pan." Chaucer.

   2.  (Manuf.)  A  closed  vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum
   pan, under Vacuum.

   3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.

   4.  The  skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper
   part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer.

   5. (C A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.

   6.  The  hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan,
   under Hard.

   7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud.
   Flash  in the pan. See under Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to suggest
   the  process  of  cooking  or  burning;  in a theological sense, to be
   heretical. Ridley. Southey.

                                      Pan

   Pan,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Panned  (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.]
   (Mining) To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind
   of pan. [U. S.]

     We  .  .  .  witnessed  the process of cleaning up and panning out,
     which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine
     dirt and black sand. Gen. W. T. Sherman.

                                      Pan

   Pan, v. i.

   1.  (Mining)  To  yield  gold in, or as in, the process of panning; --
   usually with out; as, the gravel panned out richly.

   2.  To  turn  out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop;
   as,  the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang,
   U.  S.]  <--  Pan  v.t.  &  i.,  to  scan  (a movie camera), usu. in a
   horizontal  direction, to obtain a panoramic effect; also, to move the
   camera  so as to keep the subject in view. 2. to criticise (a drama or
   literary work) harshly. -->

                                   Panabase

   Pan"a*base  (?),  n. [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the number
   of metals contained in it.] (Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite.

                                    Panacea

   Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  A  remedy  for  all  diseases;  a  universal medicine; a cure-all;
   catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.

   2. (Bot.) The herb allheal.

                                   Panacean

   Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean
   dews." Whitehead.

                                    Panache

   Pa*nache"  (?),  n. [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.] A
   plume  or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any
   military plume, or ornamental group of feathers.

     A panache of variegated plumes. Prescott.

                                Panada, Panade

   Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade" (?), n. [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf. F.
   panade. See Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp,
   and sweetened or flavored. [Written also panado.]

                                    Panade

   Pa*nade" (?), n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Panama hat

   Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the
   young leaves of a plant (Carludovica palmata).

                                 Pan-American

   Pan`-A*mer"i*can  (?),  a.  [See Pan-.] Of or pertaining to both North
   and South America.

                                 Pan-Anglican

   Pan`-An"gli*can  (?),  a.  [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.) Belonging to, or
   representing,  the  whole  Church  of  England; used less strictly, to
   include  the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the
   Pan-Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.

                                    Panary

   Pan"a*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or to
   breadmaking.

                                    Panary

   Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for bread. Halliwell.

                                    Pancake

   Pan"cake`  (?),  n.  A  thin  cake  of  batter  fried in a pan or on a
   griddle;  a  griddlecake;  a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday."
   Shak.

                                   Pancarte

   Pan"carte`  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.] A
   royal  charter  confirming  to  a  subject all his possessions. [Obs.]
   Holinshed.

                                     Pance

   Pance (?), n. (Bot.) The pansy. [Also paunce.]

                                     Panch

   Panch (?), n. (Naut.) See Paunch.

                                   Panchway

   Panch"way (?), n. [Hind. pan.] (Naut.) A Bengalese four-oared boat for
   passengers. [Written also panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom.

                                  Pancratian

   Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic; athletic.

                                  Pancratiast

   Pan*cra"ti*ast  (?),  n.  One  who  engaged  in  the  contests  of the
   pancratium.

                                 Pancratiastic

   Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West.

                                   Pancratic

   Pan*crat"ic  (?),  a. [Gr. (Opt.) Having all or many degrees of power;
   having  a great range of power; -- said of an eyepiece made adjustable
   so as to give a varying magnifying power.

                            Pancratic, Pancratical

   Pan*crat"ic  (?),  Pan*crat"ic*al  (?),  a.  [See  Pancratium.]  Of or
   pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne

                                  Pancratist

   Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An athlete; a gymnast.

                                  Pancratium

   Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Gr.  Antiq.)  An  athletic  contest  involving  both  boxing  and
   wrestling.

   2.  (Bot.) A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a
   funnel-shaped  perianth  with six narrow spreading lobes. The American
   species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.

                                   Pancreas

   Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pancr\'82as.] (Anat.) The sweetbread,
   a  gland connected with the intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is
   usually  elongated  and  light-colored,  and its secretion, called the
   pancreatic  juice,  is  discharged, often together with the bile, into
   the  upper part of the intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion.
   See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

                                  Pancreatic

   Pan`cre*at"ic   (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pancr\'82atique.]  (Anat.)  Of  or
   pertaining  to  the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion,
   ferments.  Pancreatic  juice  (Physiol.),  a  colorless alkaline fluid
   secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most
   important  of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct
   ferments,  trypsin,  steapsin  and  an amylolytic ferment, by which it
   acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See Pancreas.

                                  Pancreatin

   Pan"cre*a*tin  (?),  n.  [See  Pancreas.]  (Physiol. Chem.) One of the
   digestive  ferments  of  the  pancreatic  juice;  also,  a preparation
   containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used
   in medicine as an aid to digestion.

     NOTE: &hand; By  so me th e te rm pa ncreatin is  restricted to the
     amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied
     to trypsin, and by still others to steapsin.

                                     Pancy

   Pan"cy (?), n. See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden.

                                     Panda

   Pan"da  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens)
   having  fine  soft  fur.  It is related to the bears, and inhabits the
   mountains of Northern India.

                                   Pandanus

   Pan*da"nus  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Malay  pandan.]  (Bot.)  A  genus of
   endogenous plants. See Screw pine.

                                    Pandar

   Pan"dar  (?),  n.  Same  as  Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius."
   Macaulay.

                                   Pandarism

   Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as Panderism. Swift.

                                   Pandarize

   Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To pander. [Obs.]

                                   Pandarous

   Pan"dar*ous (?), a. Panderous. [Obs.]

                                    Pandean

   Pan*de"an,  a.  [From 4th Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan. Pandean
   pipes,  a  primitive  wind instrument, consisting of a series of short
   hollow  reeds  or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, and
   fastened  together  side  by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to
   have  been  invented  by Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes.<--
   also, pipes of Pan -->

                                    Pandect

   Pan"dect (?), n. [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. pandectes, pl.]

   1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science.

     [Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book. Donne.

   2.  pl.  The  digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions,
   writings,  and  opinions  of  the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth
   century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading
   compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent.

                                   Pandemic

   Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L. pandemus, Gr. pand\'82mique.] Affecting a whole
   people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic. -- n. A pandemic
   disease. Harvey.

                                  Pandemonium

   Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr.

   1.  The  great  hall  or  council  chamber  of demons or evil spirits.
   Milton.

   2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.

                                    Pander

   Pan"der  (?),  n.  [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is
   represented  by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus
   the possession of Cressida.]

   1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.

     Thou art the pander to her dishonor. Shak.

   2.  Hence,  one  who  ministers  to  the  evil designs and passions of
   another.

     Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition. Burke.

                                    Pander

   Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.]
   To  play  the  pander  for.  <-- pander to (base emotions), to achieve
   one's  purpose  by  appealing  to a person's base emotions (less noble
   desires), as lust, prejudice, hate; to exploit base emotions -->

                                    Pander

   Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a pander.

                                   Panderage

   Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of pandering.

                                   Panderism

   Pan"der*ism  (?),  n.  The employment, arts, or practices of a pander.
   Bp. Hall.

                                   Panderly

   Pan"der*ly,  a.  Having  the  quality  of  a  pander. "O, you panderly
   rascals." Shak.

                                  Pandermite

   Pan*der"mite  (?),  n.  [From  Panderma,  a port on the Black Sea from
   which it is exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.

                                   Panderous

   Pan"der*ous (?), Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander.

                                 Pandiculated

   Pan*dic"u*la`ted  (?),  a.  [See Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out;
   stretched.

                                 Pandiculation

   Pan*dic`u*la"tion  (?),  n. [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr.
   pandere  to  spread out.] A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and
   extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy.

                                    Pandit

   Pan"dit (?), n. See Pundit.

                                    Pandoor

   Pan"door (?) n. Same as Pandour.

                                    Pandora

   Pan*do"ra  (?),  n.  [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a
   gift.]

   1.  (Class. Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter caused
   Vulcan  to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because
   Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box
   containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and
   spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version
   makes  the  box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost
   to men when Pandora opened it.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat,
   the other convex.

                                    Pandore

   Pan"dore  (?),  n. [F. See Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of
   the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also pandoran.]<-- a bandura? -->

                                    Pandour

   Pan"dour  (?),  n. One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in
   the  Austrian  army; -- so called from Pandur, a principal town in the
   region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.]

     Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars. Campbell.

                                   Pandowdy

   Pan*dow"dy  (?),  n. A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of
   sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.

                            Pandurate, Panduriform

   Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form (?), a. [L. pandura a pandore + -form: cf.
   F.  panduriforme.]  Obovate,  with  a concavity in each side, like the
   body  of  a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform
   color markings of an animal.

                                     Pane

   Pane (?), n. [F. panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.

                                     Pane

   Pane,  n.  [OE.  pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet,
   part  or  piece  of  a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet, rag;
   akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.]

   1.  A  division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any
   surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.

   2.  One  of  the  openings  in  a  slashed garment, showing the bright
   colored  silk,  or  the  like,  within; hence, the piece of colored or
   other stuff so shown.

   3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one
   side  or  face  of  a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have
   eight  panes.  (b)  Especially,  in  modern  use,  the  glass  in  one
   compartment of a window sash.

   4.  In  irrigating,  a  subdivision  of an irrigated surface between a
   feeder and an outlet drain.

   5.  (a)  One  of  the  flat  surfaces, or facets, of any object having
   several  sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a
   brilliant cut diamond.

                                     Paned

   Paned (?), a.

   1.  Having  panes;  provided  with panes; also, having openings; as, a
   paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose." Massinger.

   2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a sixpaned nut.

                                   Panegyric

   Pan`e*gyr"ic  (?),  n.  [L.  panegyricus,  Gr.  panhgyrico`s:  cf.  F.
   pan\'82gyrique.  See  Panegyric, a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of
   some  person  or  achievement;  a  formal  or  elaborate  encomium;  a
   laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy.

                            Panegyric, Panegyrical

   Pan`e*gyr"ic   (?),  Pan`e*gyr"ic*al  (?),  a.  [L.  panegyricus,  Gr.
   panhgyrico`s,  from  pa^,  pa^n  all  +  Containing  praise or eulogy;
   encomiastic;     laudatory.     "Panegyric    strains."    Pope.    --
   Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv.

     Some of his odes are panegyrical. Dryden.

                                   Panegyris

   Pa*neg"y*ris  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. Panegyric.] A festival; a public
   assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris.

                                  Panegyrist

   Pan"e*gyr`ist  (?),  n.  [L.  panegyrista,  Gr.  Panegyric.]  One  who
   delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by
   writing or speaking.

     If these panegyrists are in earnest. Burke.

                                  Panegyrize

   Pan"e*gy*rize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Panegyrizing (?).] [Gr. Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to extol in
   a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize.

                                  Panegyrize

   Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford.

                                   Panegyry

   Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton.

                                     Panel

   Pan"el  (?), n. [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F. panneau,
   dim.  of  pan  skirt,  lappet,  part  or piece of a wall, side. See 2d
   Pane.]

   1.  (Arch.)  A  sunken  compartment  with  raised  margins,  molded or
   otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.
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   Page 1036

   2.  (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names
   of  persons  summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally,
   the  whole  jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for
   trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill.

   3.  Formerly,  a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad
   beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.

   4.  (Joinery)  A  board  having  its edges inserted in the groove of a
   surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door.

   5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt.

   6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a
   picture is painted.

   7.  (Mining)  (a)  A  heap  of  dressed  ore. (b) One of the districts
   divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one
   system of extracting coal.

   8.  (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed
   at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.

   9.  A  portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts,
   as in a bridge truss.
   Panel  game,  a  method  of  stealing money in a panel house. -- Panel
   house,  a  house  of  prostitution  in  which  the  rooms  have secret
   entrances  to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. -- Panel
   saw,  handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc. --
   Panel thief, one who robs in a panel house.

                                     Panel

   Pan"el  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled (?) or Panelled; p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Paneling  or Panelling.] To form in or with panels; as, to panel a
   wainscot.<--  to put panels on (e.g. a wall) --> Paneled back (Arch.),
   the paneled work covering the window back. See Window back.

                                  Panelation

   Pan`el*a"tion  (?),  n.  The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written
   also panellation.] Wood.

                                   Paneless

   Pane"less (?), a. Without panes.

     To patch his paneless window. Shenstone.

                                   Paneling

   Pan"el*ing  (?),  n.  A  forming  in  panels; panelwork. [Written also
   panelling.]

                                   Panelwork

   Pan"el*work` (?), n. (Arch.) Wainscoting.

                                  Paneulogism

   Pan*eu"lo*gism  (?),  n.  [See  Pan-,  Eulogy.]  Eulogy of everything;
   indiscriminate praise. [R.]

     Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism. National Rev.

                                    Panful

   Pan"ful (?), n.; pl. Panfuls (#). [See 5th Pan.] Enough to fill a pan.

                                     Pang

   Pang  (?),  n.  [Prob.  for  older  prange.  Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of
   extreme  pain  or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as,
   the pangs of death. Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.

                                     Pang

   Pang,  v.  t. To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to
   torment. [R.] Shak.

                                  Pangenesis

   Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.) An hypothesis advanced
   by Darwin in explanation of heredity.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e th eory re sts on  the assumption, that the whole
     organization,  in  the  sense  of  every  separate  atom  or  unit,
     reproduces  itself,  the  cells throwing off minute granules called
     gemmules, which circulate freely throughout the system and multiply
     by  subdivision.  These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs
     and  products, or in buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules
     from  all parts of the parent or parents, which in development give
     rise  to  cells  in  the offspring similar to those from which they
     were  given  off  in  the  parent. The hypothesis also assumes that
     these  gemmules  need  not in all cases develop into cells, but may
     lie  dormant,  and  be  transmitted  from  generation to generation
     without  producing  a  noticeable  effect  until  a case of atavism
     occurs.

   <--  ingenious,  but  wrong.  A  hundred years later we are still only
   beginning to understand the development process. -->

                                  Pangenetic

   Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis.

                                    Pangful

   Pang"ful (?), a. Full of pangs. Richardson.

                                   Pangless

   Pang"less, a. Without a pang; painless. Byron.

                                   Pangolin

   Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay pang.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species
   of  Manis,  Pholidotus,  and related genera, found in Africa and Asia.
   They  are  covered  with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called
   also scaly ant-eater.

                                   Pangothic

   Pan*goth"ic  (?), a. [Pan- + Gothic.] Of, pertaining to, or including,
   all the Gothic races. "Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle.

                                  Panhellenic

   Pan`hel*len"ic  (?),  a.  [See  Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all
   Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks.

                                 Panhellenism

   Pan*hel"len*ism  (?),  n.  A  scheme  to  unite  all the Greeks in one
   political body.

                                 Panhellenist

   Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of Panhellenism.

                                 Panhellenium

   Pan`hel*le"ni*um  (?),  n.  [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An assembly or
   association of Greeks from all the states of Greece.

                                     Panic

   Pan"ic  (?),  n.  [L.  panicum.]  (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum;
   panic  grass;  also,  the edible grain of some species of panic grass.
   Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum.

                                     Panic

   Pan"ic,   a.   [Gr.   panique.]   Extreme  or  sudden  and  causeless;
   unreasonable;  --  said  of  fear  or  fright; as, panic fear, terror,
   alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden.

                                     Panic

   Pan"ic, n. [Gr. panigue. See Panic, a.]

   1.  A  sudden,  overpowering  fright;  esp.,  a  sudden and groundless
   fright;  terror  inspired  by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of
   danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic.

   2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning
   financial affairs.

                                    Panical

   Pan"ic*al (?), a. See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden.

                                    Panicle

   Pan"i*cle  (?),  n.  [L.  panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the
   thread  wound  upon  the  bobbin  in  a  shuttle; cf. Gr. pane: cf. F.
   panicule.  See  2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in
   which  the  cluster  is  loosely  branched below and gradually simpler
   toward the end. <-- Illustr. of a panicle -->

                                   Panicled

   Pan"i*cled  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or
   like, panicles; paniculate.

                         Panic-stricken, Panic-struck

   Pan"ic-strick`en  (?),  Pan"ic-struck` (?), a. Struck with a panic, or
   sudden fear. Burke.

                            Paniculate, Paniculated

   Pa*nic"u*late  (?),  Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Panicle.] (Bot) Same
   as Panicled.

                                    Panicum

   Pan"i*cum  (?),  n.  [L.,  panic  grass.]  (Bot.)  A genus of grasses,
   including  several  hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic
   grass.

                                Panidiomorphic

   Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic  (?),  a.  [Pan-  + idiomorphic.] (Geol.) Having a
   completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks.

                                    Panier

   Pan"ier (?), n. See Pannier, 3. [Obs.]

                                 Panification

   Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make:
   cf. F. panification.] The act or process of making bread. Ure.

                                     Panim

   Pa"nim (?), n. See Painim. [Obs.] Milton.

                                  Panislamism

   Pan*is"lam*ism  (?),  n.  [Pan-  + Islamism.] A desire or plan for the
   union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.

                                  Panivorous

   Pa*niv"o*rous  (?),  a.  [L.  panis  bread + vorare to devour.] Eating
   bread; subsisting on bread.

                                    Pannade

   Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of a horse.

                                    Pannage

   Pan"nage  (?),  n.  [OF.  pasnage,  LL.  pasnadium,  pastinaticum, fr.
   pastionare  to  feed  on  mast,  as  swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing,
   grazing.  See  Pastor.]  (O.  Eng.  Law)  (a) The food of swine in the
   woods,  as  beechnuts,  acorns,  etc.; -- called also pawns. (b) A tax
   paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.

                                    Pannary

   Pan"na*ry (?), a. See Panary. Loudon.

                                    Pannel

   Pan"nel (?), n. [See Panel.]

   1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser.

   2. (Falconry) The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth.

   3.  (Mil.)  A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march.
   Farrow.

                                    Pannier

   Pan"nier (?), n. [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis
   bread. Cf. Pantry.]

   1.  A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for
   carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras.

   2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a
   shelter from the enemy's missiles.

   3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.

   4.  A  framework  of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their
   dresses; a kind of bustle.

                                   Panniered

   Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing panniers. Wordsworth.

                                   Pannikel

   Pan"ni*kel  (?),  n.  [See Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence,
   the crest. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                   Pannikin

   Pan"ni*kin  (?), n. [Dim. of pan a dish.] A small pan or cup. Marryat.
   Thackeray.

                                    Pannose

   Pan"nose`   (?),  a.  [See  Pannus.]  (Bot.)  Similar  in  texture  or
   appearance to felt or woolen cloth.

                                    Pannus

   Pan"nus  (?),  n.  [L.,  cloth.  See  2d Pane.] (Med.) A very vascular
   superficial  opacity  of  the cornea, usually caused by granulation of
   the eyelids. Foster.

                                   Panoistic

   Pan`o*is"tic  (?),  a.  [Pan-  + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Producing ova only; --
   said   of  the  ovaries  of  certain  insects  which  do  not  produce
   vitelligenous cells.

                                  Panomphean

   Pan`om*phe"an  (?),  a.  [L.  panomphaeus,  Gr.  Uttering  ominous  or
   prophetic voices; divining. [R.]

     We want no half gods, panomphean Joves. Mrs. Browning.

                                   Panoplied

   Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in panoply.

                                    Panoply

   Pan"o*ply  (?),  n.  [Gr.  Defensive  armor in general; a full suit of
   defensive armor. Milton.

     We  had  need  to  take  the Christian panoply, to put on the whole
     armor of God. Ray.

                                  Panopticon

   Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Optic.]

   1.  A  prison  so  contructed  that  the inspector can see each of the
   prisoners at all times, without being seen.

   2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.

                                   Panorama

   Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pan-, and Wary.]

   1. A complete view in every direction.

   2.  A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from
   a central point.

   3.  A  picture  representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once,
   and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass
   continuously before the spectator.

                            Panoramic, Panoramical

   Pan`o*ram"ic  (?), Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like,
   a panorama. Panoramic camera. See under Camera.

                                   Panorpian

   Pa*nor"pi*an  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Like,  or pertaining to, the genus
   Panorpa. -- n. Same as Panorpid.

                                   Panorpid

   Pa*nor"pid  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any neuropterous insect of the genus
   Panorpa, and allied genera. The larv\'91 feed on plant lice.

                                 Panpharmacon

   Pan*phar"ma*con  (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Pharmacon.] A medicine for
   all diseases; a panacea. [R.]

                                Panpresbyterian

   Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an  (?),  a. [Pan- + Presbyterian.] Belonging to, or
   representative  of,  those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of
   the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council.

              Pansclavic, Pansclavism, Pansclavist, Pansclavonian

   Pan`sclav"ic  (?), Pan`sclav"ism (?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an
   (?). See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc.

                                    Panshon

   Pan"shon  (?),  n.  An  earthen  vessel  wider  at the top than at the
   bottom,  --  used  for  holding  milk  and for various other purposes.
   [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

                                    Pansied

   Pan"sied  (?),  a. [From Pansy.] Covered or adorned with pansies. "The
   pansied grounds." Darwin.

                                   Panslavic

   Pan`slav"ic  (?),  a.  [Pan-  +  Slavic.] Pertaining to all the Slavic
   races.

                                  Panslavism

   Pan`slav"ism  (?), n. A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races
   into one confederacy.

                                  Panslavist

   Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who favors Panslavism.

                                 Panslavonian

   Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See Panslavic.

                                  Pansophical

   Pan*soph"ic*al  (?),  a.  [See Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal
   knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders. [R.] John Worthington.

                                   Pansophy

   Pan"so*phy  (?),  n. [Pan- + Gr. pansophie.] Universal wisdom; esp., a
   system  of  universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a
   Moravian educator. [R.] Hartlib.

                          Panspermatist, Panspermist

   Pan*sper"ma*tist  (?),  Pan"sper`mist  (?),  n.  (Biol.) A believer in
   panspermy;  one  who  rejects  the theory of spontaneous generation; a
   biogenist.

                                  Panspermic

   Pan`sper"mic  (?),  a.  (Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the
   panspermic hypothesis.

                                   Panspermy

   Pan"sper`my  (?),  n.  [Pan-  +  Gr.  (Biol.)  (a) The doctrine of the
   widespread   distribution   of   germs,  from  which  under  favorable
   circumstances  bacteria,  vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine
   that  all  organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; -- the
   opposite of spontaneous generation.

                                 Panstereorama

   Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A model of a town or country,
   in  relief,  executed in wood, cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande &
   C.

                                     Pansy

   Pan"sy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pansies (#). [F. Pens\'82e thought, pansy, fr.
   penser  to  think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.) A
   plant  of  the  genus  Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally
   purple  and  yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a
   great diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness,
   and many other quaint names.

                                     Pant

   Pant  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] [Cf.
   F.  panteler  to  gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F.
   pantois  out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig.
   meaning, to have the nightmare.]

   1.  To  breathe  quickly  or in a labored manner, as after exertion or
   from  eagerness  or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast;
   to gasp.

     Pluto plants for breath from out his cell. Dryden.

   2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly.

     As the hart panteth after the water brooks. Ps. xlii. 1.

     Who pants for glory finds but short repose. Pope.

   3.  To  beat  with  unnatural  violence  or rapidity; to palpitate, or
   throb; -- said of the heart. Spenser.

   4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic]

     The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.
     Pope.

                                     Pant

   Pant, v. t.

   1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.

     There  is  a  cavern  where  my spirit Was panted forth in anguish.
     Shelley.

   2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.]

     Then shall our hearts pant thee. Herbert.

                                     Pant

   Pant, n.

   1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. Drayton.

   2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak.

                                    Panta-

   Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-.

                                   Pantable

   Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See Pantofle. [Obs.]

                                   Pantacosm

   Pan"ta*cosm (?), n. [Panta- + Gr. See Cosmolabe.

                                  Pantagraph

   Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See Pantograph.

                                 Pantagruelism

   Pan*tag"ru*el*ism  (?),  n. [From Pantagruel, one of the characters of
   Rabelais.]

   1.  The  theory  or  practice  of  the  medical profession; -- used in
   burlesque or ridicule.

   2.  An  assumption  of  buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.]
   Donaldson.

                                   Pantalet

   Pan`ta*let"  (?),  n.  [Dim.  of pantal.] One of the legs of the loose
   drawers  worn  by  children and women; particularly, the lower part of
   such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece;
   -- chiefly in the plural.

                                   Pantaloon

   Pan`ta*loon"  (?),  n.  [F.  pantalon,  fr.  It.  pantalone,  a masked
   character  in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that
   were  all  of  one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice,
   which,  as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and
   is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr.

   1.  Aridiculous  character,  or  an old dotard, in the Italian comedy;
   also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison.

     The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak.

   2.  pl.  A  bifurcated  garment  for a man, covering the body from the
   waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.

   3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers.

                                 Pantaloonery

   Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n.

   1.  The  character  or  performances  of a pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.]
   Lamb.

   2. Materials for pantaloons.

                                  Pantamorph

   Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.

                                 Pantamorphic

   Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a. [Panta- + Gr. Taking all forms.

                                  Pantascope

   Pan"ta*scope  (?),  n.  [Panta-  +  -scope.]  (Photog.)  A pantascopic
   camera.

                                  Pantascopic

   Pan`ta*scop"ic  (?),  a.  Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See
   under Camera.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1037

                                 Pantastomata

   Pan`ta*stom"a*ta  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
   divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and allied forms.

                                 Pantechnicon

   Pan*tech"ni*con  (?),  n. [NL. See Pan-, and Technic.] A depository or
   place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.

                                 Pantelegraph

   Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n. [Pan- + telegraph.] See under Telegraph.

                                    Panter

   Pant"er (?), n. One who pants. Congreve.

                                    Panter

   Pan"ter  (?),  n.[F.  panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of the pantry; a
   pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale.

                                    Panter

   Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Panteutonic

   Pan`teu*ton"ic  (?), a. [Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or pertaining to all the
   Teutonic races.

                                   Pantheism

   Pan"the*ism  (?),  n. [Pan- + theism.] The doctrine that the universe,
   taken  or  conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is
   no  God  but  the  combined force and laws which are manifested in the
   existing universe; cosmotheism.

                                   Pantheist

   Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to pantheism.

                          Pantheistic, Pantheistical

   Pan`the*is"tic  (?),  Pan`the*is"tic*al  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to
   pantheism;    founded    in,    or    leading    to,   pantheism.   --
   Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

                                 Pantheologist

   Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantheology.

                                  Pantheology

   Pan`the*ol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Pan-  +  theology.]  A  system of theology
   embracing all religions; a complete system of theology.

                                   Pantheon

   Pan*the"on  (?), n. [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. panth\'82on. See Pan-,
   and Theism.]

   1.  A  temple  dedicated  to all the gods; especially, the building so
   called at Rome.

   2.  The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a
   divinity of the Greek pantheon.

                                    Panther

   Pan"ther  (?),  n.  [OE.  pantere,  F.  panth\'8are,  L. panthera, Gr.
   pundr\'c6ka a tiger.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  large  dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some
   zo\'94logists  considered  a distinct species. It is marked with large
   ringlike  spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the
   body.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar,
   and sometimes to the jaguar. <-- Illustr. of Panther (Felis leopardus,
   or pardus) -->
   Panther  cat  (Zo\'94l.),  the  ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zo\'94l.), a
   spotted  East  Indian  cowry (Cypr\'91a pantherina); -- so called from
   its color.

                                  Pantheress

   Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zo\'94l.) A female panther.

                                  Pantherine

   Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine
   snake (Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil.

                                    Pantile

   Pan"tile`  (?),  n.  [5th  pan  +  tile.]  (Arch.)  A roofing tile, of
   peculiar  form,  having a transverse section resembling an elongated S
   laid on its side (

                                   Pantingly

   Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak.

                                 Pantisocracy

   Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy  (?),  n. [Panto- + Gr. A Utopian community, in which
   all should rule equally, such as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and
   Southey, in their younger days.

                                  Pantisocrat

   Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A pantisocratist.

                                 Pantisocratic

   Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.

                                Pantisocratist

   Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist  (?), n. One who favors or supports the theory of a
   pantisocracy. Macaulay.

                                    Pantler

   Pan"tler  (?),  n.  [F.  panetier. See Panter, Pantry.] The servant or
   officer,  in  a  great  family,  who  has  charge of the bread and the
   pantry. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Panto-

   Pan"to- (?). See Pan-.

                               Pantochronometer

   Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Panto- + chronometer.] An instrument
   combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial. Brande & C.

                                   Pantofle

   Pan*to"fle  (?),  n.  [F. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. [Written
   also pantable and pantoble.]

                                  Pantograph

   Pan"to*graph  (?),  n.  [Panto-  +  -graph:  cf.  F.  pantographe.] An
   instrument  for  copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same,
   or  on  a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also pantagraph, and
   incorrectly  pentagraph.]  <-- 2. an electrical trolley supported by a
   collapsible frame, resembling a pantograph (1). --> Skew pantograph, a
   kind  of  pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect
   to the original figure; -- also called plagiograph.

                         Pantographic, Pantographical

   Pan`to*graph"ic    (?),    Pan`to*graph"ic*al    (?),   a.   [Cf.   F.
   pantographique.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  pantograph;  relating  to
   pantography.

                                  Pantography

   Pan*tog"ra*phy  (?),  n. [Cf. F. pantographie.] A general description;
   entire view of an object.

                                 Pantological

   Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantology.

                                  Pantologist

   Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.

                                   Pantology

   Pan*tol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Panto-  +  -logy.]  A  systematic view of all
   branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information.

                                  Pantometer

   Pan*tom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Panto-  +  -meter: cf. F. pantom\'8atre.] An
   instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances,
   etc.

                                  Pantometry

   Pan*tom"e*try  (?),  n.  Universal measurement. [R.] -- Pan`to*met"ric
   (#), a. [R.]

                                   Pantomime

   Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. pantomimo. See Mimic.]

   1.  A  universal  mimic;  an  actor  who assumes many parts; also, any
   actor. [Obs.]

   2.  One  who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without
   speaking; a pantomimist.

     [He]  saw  a  pantomime  perform  so  well that he could follow the
     performance from the action alone. Tylor.

   3.  A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence,
   dumb show, generally.

   4.  A  dramatic  and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as
   well  as  burlesque  dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin,
   etc., are features.

                                   Pantomime

   Pan"to*mime,  a.  Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a
   pantomime dance.

                           Pantomimic, Pantomimical

   Pan`to*mim"ic  (?), Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pantomimique.] Of
   or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show. "Pantomimic
   gesture." Bp. Warburton. -- Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                  Pantomimist

   Pan"to*mi`mist  (?),  n.  An  actor  in pantomime; also, a composer of
   pantomimes.

                                    Panton

   Pan"ton  (?), n. [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.) A horseshoe to correct
   a narrow, hoofbound heel.

                                 Pantophagist

   Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that
   has the habit of eating all kinds of food.

                                 Pantophagous

   Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. Eating all kinds of food.

                                  Pantophagy

   Pan*toph"a*gy  (?),  n. [Gr. The habit or power of eating all kinds of
   food.

                                   Pantopoda

   Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Pycnogonida.

                                  Pantoscopic

   Pan`to*scop"ic  (?),  a.  [Panto-  +  -scope + -ic.] Literally, seeing
   everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into
   two  segments,  the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower
   for vision of near objects.<-- = bifocal -->

                                    Pantry

   Pan"try  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pantries (#). [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr.
   panetier  pantler,  LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread,
   L. panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.] An apartment or closet
   in which bread and other provisions are kept.

                                   Panurgic

   Pan*ur"gic  (?),  a.  [Cf.  Gr.  Skilled  in  all  kinds of work. "The
   panurgic Diderot." J. Morley.

                                    Panurgy

   Pan"ur*gy  (?), n. [Gr. Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft.
   [R.] Bailey.

                                    Panyard

   Pan"yard (?), n. See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys.

                                     Panym

   Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See Panim. [Obs.]

                                   Panzoism

   Pan*zo"ism  (?),  n.  [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.) A term used to denote all of
   the  elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy. H.
   Spencer.

                                     Paolo

   Pa"o*lo  (?),  n.  [It.  Cf.  Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth
   about ten cents.

                                      Pap

   Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]

   1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden.

     The paps which thou hast sucked. Luke xi. 27.

   2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in
   shape; a mamelon. Macaulay.

                                      Pap

   Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa, the word
   with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.]

   1.  A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk
   or water.

   2.  Nourishment  or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap.
   [Colloq. & Contemptuous]

   3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.

                                      Pap

   Pap, v. t. To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl.

                                     Papa

   Pa*pa" (?), n. [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. Pope.]

   1. A child's word for father.

   2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley.

                                   Papabote

   Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The upland
   plover. [Local, U. S.]

                                    Papacy

   Pa"pa*cy  (?),  n.  [LL.  papatia,  fr.  L. papa a father, bishop. See
   Pope.]

   1.  The  office  and  dignity  of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal
   jurisdiction.

   2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.

   3.  The  Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of
   the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.

                                    Papagay

   Pap"a*gay (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Popinjay, 1 (b).

                                    Papain

   Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteolytic ferment,
   like  trypsin,  present  in  the juice of the green fruit of the papaw
   (Carica Papaya) of tropical America.

                                     Papal

   Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope;
   ordered  or  pronounced  by  the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal
   edict; the papal benediction. Milman.

   2.  Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians."
   Bp. Burnet.
   Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross. -- Papal crown, the tiara.

                                   Papalist

   Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A papist. [Obs.] Baxter.

                                   Papality

   Pa*pal"i*ty  (?),  n.  [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papaut\'82.] The papacy.
   [Obs.] Ld. Berners. Milton.

                                   Papalize

   Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make papal. [R.]

                                   Papalize

   Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to popery. Cowper.

                                    Papally

   Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner; popishly

                                    Papalty

   Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The papacy. [Obs.] Milton.

                                  Papaphobia

   Pa`pa*pho"bi*a  (?), n. [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr. Intense fear or
   dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church. [R.]

                                   Paparchy

   Pa"par*chy  (?),  n.  [L. papa bishop + -archy.] Government by a pope;
   papal rule.

                                    Papaver

   Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L., poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the
   poppy.

                                 Papaveraceous

   Pa*pav`er*a"ceous  (?),  a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
   natural  order  of  plants  (Papaverace\'91)  of  which the poppy, the
   celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples.

                                  Papaverine

   Pa*pav"er*ine  (?),  n.  (Chem.)  An alkaloid found in opium. It has a
   weaker therapeutic action than morphine.

                                  Papaverous

   Pa*pav"er*ous  (?), a. Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of
   the poppy. Sir T. Browne.

                                     Papaw

   Pa*paw"  (?),  n.  [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf.
   Sp.  papayo  papaw,  papaya  the  fruit  of  the papaw.] [Written also
   pawpaw.]

   1. (Bot.) A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the
   order  Passiflore\'91.  It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty
   feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed
   leaves.  The  milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of
   making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit,
   which  is  eaten  both  raw  and  cooked or pickled.<-- juice contains
   papain, a protease? -->

   2.  (Bot.)  A  tree  of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the
   western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet
   edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray.

                                    Papboat

   Pap"boat` (?), n.

   1. A kind of sauce boat or dish.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  large  spiral  East Indian marine shell (Turbinella
   rapha);  --  so  called because used by native priests to hold the oil
   for anointing.

                                     Pape

   Pape (?), n. [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.] A spiritual father;
   specifically, the pope. [Obs.]

                                    Papejay

   Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Paper

   Pa"per  (?),  n.  [F.  papier,  fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the
   Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. Papyrus.]

   1.  A  substance  in  the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be
   written  or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags,
   straw,  bark,  wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced
   to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.

   2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.

   3.  A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a
   writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society.

     They brought a paper to me to be signed. Dryden.

   4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as,
   a daily paper.

   5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and
   the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper.

   6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper
   hangings, below.

   7.  A  paper  containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of
   pins, tacks, opium, etc.

   8.  A  medicinal  preparation spread upon paper, intended for external
   application; as, cantharides paper.

     NOTE: &hand; Pa per is  ma nufactured in sheets, the trade names of
     which,  together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the
     following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat.

   <-- insert table of paper trade names and sizes -->

     NOTE: In th e manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size
     originally,  is  termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a
     quarto,  or  4to;  three  times,  an  octavo, or 8vo; four times, a
     sextodecimo,  or  16mo;  five  times,  a 32mo; three times, with an
     offcut  folded  twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times,
     with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1038

     NOTE: &hand; Pa per is  of ten us ed adjectively or in combination,
     having  commonly  an  obvious  signification;  as,  paper cutter or
     paper-cutter; paper knife, paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker,
     paper-maker, or papermaker; paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight,
     paper-weight, or paperweight, etc.

   Business  paper,  checks,  notes,  drafts,  etc.,  given in payment of
   actual  indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper. -- Fly paper,
   paper  covered  with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies.
   --  Laid paper. See under Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch
   tree  (Betula  papyracea). -- Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade,
   as  by  a  weak  naval  force.  --  Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of
   water-proof paper. -- Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a
   steel  tire,  and a center formed of compressed paper held between two
   plate-iron  disks.  Forney.  --  Paper  credit,  credit  founded  upon
   evidences  of  debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper
   hanger,  one  who covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper hangings,
   paper  printed  with  colored  figures,  or otherwise made ornamental,
   prepared  to  be  pasted  against  the walls of apartments, etc.; wall
   paper. -- Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come in
   on  free passes. [Cant] -- Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued
   by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money,
   and  circulated  as  the  representative  of  coin. -- Paper mulberry.
   (Bot.)  See  under  Mulberry. -- Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for
   linings,  etc.  --  Paper nautilus. (Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta. -- Paper
   reed  (Bot.),  the papyrus. -- Paper sailor. (Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta.
   --  Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. De Colange. --
   Paper  wasp  (Zo\'94l.),  any  wasp  which  makes  a nest of paperlike
   material,  as the yellow jacket. -- Paper weight, any object used as a
   weight  to  prevent  loose  papers  from  being  displaced by wind, or
   otherwise.  --  Parchment  paper. See Papyrine. -- Tissue paper, thin,
   gauzelike  paper,  such  as is used to protect engravings in books. --
   Wall  paper.  Same  as  Paper  hangings,  above. -- Waste paper, paper
   thrown  aside  as  worthless  or  useless,  except  for uses of little
   account.  --  Wove  paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not
   ribbed  or watermarked.<-- paper tiger, a person or group that appears
   to be powerful and dangerous but is in fact weak and ineffectual -->

                                     Paper

   Pa"per  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling
   paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper
   army.

                                     Paper

   Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.]

   1. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a
   room or a house.

   2. To fold or inclose in paper.

   3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.]

                                  Paperweight

   Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See under Paper, n.

                                    Papery

   Pa"per*y  (?),  a.  Like  paper; having the thinness or consistence of
   paper. Gray.

                                   Papescent

   Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap;
   like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot.

                                    Papess

   Pa"pess  (?),  n.  [F.  papesse.] A female pope; i. e., the fictitious
   pope Joan. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

                                   Papeterie

   Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A case
   or box containing paper and materials for writing.

                                    Paphian

   Pa"phi*an  (?),  a.  [L.  Paphius,  Gr. Of or pertaining to Paphos, an
   ancient  city  of  Cyprus, having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence,
   pertaining to Venus, or her rites.

                                    Paphian

   Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos.

                                Papier-mach\'82

   Pa`pier"-ma`ch\'82"  (?),  n.  [F. papier m\'83ch\'82, lit., chewed or
   mashed  paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper,
   mixed  with  sise  or  glue,  etc. It is formed into various articles,
   usually by means of molds.

                                    Papilio

   Pa*pil"i*o   (?),   n.  [L.,  a  butterfly.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  genus  of
   butterflies.

     NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly it  in cluded numerous species which are now
     placed in other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the
     swallow-tailed  butterflies,  like  Papilio polyxenes, or asterias,
     and related species.

                                Papilionaceous

   Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a.

   1. Resembling the butterfly.

   2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly,
   as in the blossoms of the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that suborder
   of  leguminous  plants (Papilionace\'91) which includes the bean, pea,
   vetch, clover, and locust.

                                  Papiliones

   Pa*pil`i*o"nes  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Papilio.] (Zo\'94l.) The division
   of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.

                                 Papilionides

   Pa*pil`i*on"i*des   (?),   n.   pl.   [NL.]   (Zo\'94l.)  The  typical
   butterflies.

                                    Papilla

   Pa*pil"la  (?),  n.;  pl.  Papill\'91 (#). [L., a nipple, pimple.] Any
   minute nipplelike projection; as, the papill\'91 of the tongue.

                                   Papillar

   Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Same as Papillose.

                                   Papillary

   Pap"il*la*ry  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  papillaire.]  Of,  pertaining to, or
   resembling,  a  papilla  or  papill\'91;  bearing,  or  covered  with,
   papill\'91; papillose.

                                   Papillate

   Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To cover with papill\'91; to take the form
   of a papilla, or of papill\'91.

                                   Papillate

   Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as Papillose.

                                  Papilliform

   Pa*pil"li*form  (?),  a.  [Papilla  +  -form.]  Shaped like a papilla;
   mammilliform.

                                   Papilloma

   Pap`il*lo"ma  (?),  n.;  pl.  Papillomata  (#).  [NL. See Papilla, and
   -Oma.]  (Med.)  A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papill\'91 of the
   skin or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain.

                                 Papillomatous

   Pap`il*lo"ma*tous  (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of,
   papillomata.

                                   Papillose

   Pap"il*lose`  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F. papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing,
   papill\'91; resembling papill\'91; papillate; papillar; papillary.

                                   Papillote

   Pap"il*lote  (?),  n. [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of
   paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper.

                                   Papillous

   Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary; papillose.

                                  Papillulate

   Pa*pil"lu*late  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Having  a  minute papilla in the
   center of a larger elevation or depression.

                                    Papion

   Pa"pi*on  (?), n. [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zo\'94l.)
   A West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its
   color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.

                                    Papism

   Pa"pism  (?), n. [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.] Popery; -- an offensive
   term. Milton.

                                    Papist

   Pa"pist  (?),  n.  [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.] A Roman catholic; one
   who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an
   offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents.

                             Papistic, Papistical

   Pa*pis"tic  (?),  Pa*pis"tic*al  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F. papistique.] Of or
   pertaining  to  the  Church  of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies;
   pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly. "The old papistic
   worship." T. Warton. -- Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.

                                   Papistry

   Pa"pist*ry  (?), n. The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome;
   popery. [R.] Whitgift.

                                    Papized

   Pa"pized  (?),  a.  [From  Pape.] Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized
   writers." Fuller.

                                    Papoose

   Pa*poose"  (?),  n. A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North
   America.

                                   Pappiform

   Pap"pi*form (?), a. (Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite plants.

                                   Pappoose

   Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as Papoose. Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh.

                                    Pappose

   Pap*pose" (?) a. (Bot.) Furnished with a pappus; downy.

                                    Pappous

   Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Pappose.

                                    Pappus

   Pap"pus  (?),  n.  [L.,  an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance
   resembling  gray  hairs, Gr. (Bot.) The hairy or feathery appendage of
   the  achenes  of  thistles,  dandelions,  and most other plants of the
   order   Composit\'91;  also,  the  scales,  awns,  or  bristles  which
   represent the calyx in other plants of the same order.

                                     Pappy

   Pap"py  (?),  a.  [From  Pap  soft  food.]  Like pap; soft; succulent;
   tender. Ray.

                                    Papuan

   Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Papua.

                                    Papuars

   Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing. Papuan (. (Ethnol.) The native black race
   of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.

                                    Papula

   Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl. Papul\'91 (#). [L.]

   1.  (Med.)  A  pimple;  a  small,  usually  conical,  elevation of the
   cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy
   of tissue; a papule. Quain.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the  numerous  small  hollow processes of the
   integument between the plates of starfishes.

                                    Papular

   Pap"u*lar (?), a.

   1. Covered with papules.

   2.  (Med.)  Consisting  of  papules;  characterized by the presence of
   papules; as, a papular eruption.

                                    Papule

   Pap"ule (?), n.; pl. Papules (. Same as Papula.

                                   Papulose

   Pap"u*lose`  (?),  a.  (Biol.)  Having  papul\'91;  papillose;  as,  a
   papulose leaf.

                                   Papulous

   Pap"u*lous  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. pap.] Covered with, or characterized by,
   papul\'91; papulose.

                                  Papyraceous

   Pap`y*ra"ceous  (?),  a.  [L.  papyraceus  made  of  papyrus.] Made of
   papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.

                                   Papyrean

   Pa*pyr"e*an  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  papyrus,  or  to paper;
   papyraceous.

                                   Papyrine

   Pap"y*rine  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  papyrin  made  of  paper.  See Paper.]
   Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric
   acid.

                                  Papyrograph

   Pa*pyr"o*graph   (?),   n.   [Papyrus  +  -graph.]  An  apparatus  for
   multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed
   by  writing  or  drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also
   used  of other means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc.
   See Copygraph, Hectograph, Manifold.

                                 Papyrography

   Pap`y*rog"ra*phy   (?),  n.  The  process  of  multiplying  copies  of
   writings, etc., by means of the papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic (#),
   a.

                                    Papyrus

   Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl. Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. Paper.]

   1. (Bot.) A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family,
   formerly  growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily,
   etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.

   2.  The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed
   by  cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which
   were gummed together and pressed.

   3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made of
   papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.

                                   P\'83que

   P\'83que (?), n. [F. p\'83que.] See Pasch and Easter.

                                      Par

   Par (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Parr.

                                      Par

   Par,  prep. [F., fr. L. per. See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in
   Early  English  in  phrases  taken  from  the  French, being sometimes
   written  as  a  part  of  the word which it governs; as, par amour, or
   paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.

                                      Par

   Par (?), n. [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]

   1.  Equal  value;  equality  of  nominal  and  actual value; the value
   expressed  on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a
   bond or other commercial paper.

   2. Equality of condition or circumstances.
   At par, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium.
   --  Above par, at a premium. -- Below par, at a discount. -- On a par,
   on  a  level;  in  the  same condition, circumstances, position, rank,
   etc.; as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with
   his  ambition.  --  Par of exchange. See under Exchange. -- Par value,
   nominal value; face value.

                                     Para-

   Par"a- (?). [Gr. for- in forgive. Cf. For-.]

   1.  A  prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss;
   as  parable,  literally,  a  placing  beside;  paradox,  that which is
   contrary to opinion; parachronism.

   2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection,
   or  that  the  substance  resembles, but is distinct from, that to the
   name  of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also,
   an  isomeric  modification.  (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two
   groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or
   in  the  respective  positions  1  and  4;  2  and  5;  or 3 and 6, as
   paraxylene;  paroxybenzoic  acid.  Cf.  Ortho-,  and  Meta-. Also used
   adjectively.

                                     Para

   Pa*ra"  (?), n. [Turk., fr. Per. p\'berah a piece.] A piece of Turkish
   money,  usually  copper,  the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one
   ninth of a cent.

                                   Parabanic

   Par`a*ban"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a
   nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a
   white crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl urea.

                                   Parablast

   Par"a*blast  (?), n. [Cf. Gr. Para-, and -blast.] (Biol.) A portion of
   the  mesoblast  (of  peripheral  origin) of the developing embryo, the
   cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first blood and
   blood vessels. C. S. Minot.

                                  Parablastic

   Par`a*blas"tic  (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast; as,
   the parablastic cells.

                                    Parable

   Par"a*ble  (?),  a. [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.] Procurable.
   [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                    Parable

   Par"a*ble,  n.  [F.  parabole,  L.  parabola, fr. Gr. gal to drop. Cf.
   Emblem,   Gland,  Palaver,  Parabola,  Parley,  Parabole,  Symbol.]  A
   comparison;  a  similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative
   of  something  which might really occur in life or nature, by means of
   which a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer.

     Declare unto us the parable of the tares. Matt. xiii. 36.

   Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under Apologue.

                                    Parable

   Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by parable. [R.]

     Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled. Milton.

                                   Parabola

   Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl. Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Parable, and cf.
   Parabole.]  (Geom.)  (a)  A  kind  of curve; one of the conic sections
   formed  by  the  intersection  of  the  surface of a cone with a plane
   parallel  to  one  of  its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is
   equally  distant  from  a  fixed  point, called the focus, and a fixed
   straight  line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of
   curves  defined  by  the  equation y = axn where n is a positive whole
   number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the
   semicubical  parabola  n  =  . See under Cubical, and Semicubical. The
   parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.

                                   Parabole

   Pa*rab"o*le  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr.  Parable.]  (Rhet.)  Similitude;
   comparison.

                            Parabolic, Parabolical

   Par`a*bol"ic  (?),  Par`a*bol"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Gr.  parabolique.  See
   Parable.]

   1.  Of  the  nature  of  a  parable; expressed by a parable or figure;
   allegorical; as, parabolical instruction.

   2.  [From  Parabola.]  (Geom.)  (a)  Having  the  form  or nature of a
   parabola;  pertaining  to,  or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic
   curve.  (b)  Generated  by  the revolution of a parabola, or by a line
   that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid.
   Parabolic  conoid,  a  paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a
   parabola.  See  Conoid.  -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a
   paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very
   distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting
   telescopes. -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the
   portion  of  a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the
   axis  of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic spiral, a
   spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola
   when  its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve
   having an analogy to the parabola.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1039

                                 Parabolically

   Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv.

   1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.

   2. In the form of a parabola.

                                 Paraboliform

   Par`a*bol"i*form  (?), a. [Parabola + -form.] Resembling a parabola in
   form.

                                  Parabolism

   Pa*rab"o*lism  (?),  n.  [From  Parabola.]  (Alg.) The division of the
   terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the first
   term. [Obs.]

                                  Parabolist

   Pa*rab"o*list (?), n. A narrator of parables.

                                  Paraboloid

   Pa*rab"o*loid  (?),  n.  [Parabola  +  -oid:  cf.  F. parabolo\'8bde.]
   (Geom.)  The  solid  generated by the rotation of a parabola about its
   axis;  any  surface  of  the  second  order  whose  sections by planes
   parallel to a given line are parabolas.

     NOTE: &hand; The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to
     the parabolas of the higher orders.

   Hutton.

                                 Paraboloidal

   Par`a*bo*loid"al   (?),   a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  resembling,  a
   paraboloid.

                                 Parabronchium

   Par`a*bron"chi*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Parabronchia  (#).  [NL. See Para-,
   Bronchia.]  (Anat.)  One  of  the  branches  of  an  ectobronchium  or
   entobronchium.

                                  Paracelsian

   Par`a*cel"si*an  (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the
   practice  of  Paracelsus,  a  Swiss  physician  of  the  15th century.
   Ferrand.

                                  Paracelsian

   Par`a*cel"si*an,  n.  A  follower  of  Paracelsus  or  his practice or
   teachings. Hakewill.

                                  Paracelsist

   Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A Paracelsian.

                                 Paracentesis

   Par`a*cen*te"sis  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr. (Med.) The perforation of a
   cavity  of  the  body  with  a  trocar,  aspirator,  or other suitable
   instrument, for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.

                          Paracentric, Paracentrical

   Par`a*cen"tric  (?), Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + centric,
   -ical: cf. F. paracentrique.] Deviating from circularity; changing the
   distance  from a center. Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the
   property  that, when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending
   along it, by the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a
   fixed  point  or  center, by equal distances in equal times; -- called
   also  a  paracentric. -- Paracentric motton OR velocity, the motion or
   velocity  of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to,
   or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion in space,
   or to its motion as reckoned in any other direction.

                                  Parachordal

   Par`a*chor"dal  (?),  a.  [Pref. para- + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated on
   either   side   of   the  notochord;  --  applied  especially  to  the
   cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part
   of the notochord. -- n. A parachordal cartilage.

                                 Parachronism

   Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. parachronisme.] An error in
   chronology,  by  which the date of an event is set later than the time
   of its occurrence. [R.]

                                  Parachrose

   Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr. (Min.) Changing color by exposure Mohs.

                                   Parachute

   Par"a*chute  (?), n. [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall.
   See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]

   1.  A  contrivance  somewhat  in  the form of an umbrella, by means of
   which  a  descent  may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.<-- usu
   used  for  descending  to  the  ground  from an airplane, for military
   operations  (airborne  troops),  in  an  emergency,  or for sport (sky
   diving) -->

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of
   certain  mammals,  as  the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.
   <-- parachutist; parachuting. parachute = verb -->

                                   Paraclete

   Par"a*clete (?), n. [L. paracletus, Gr. An advocate; one called to aid
   or  support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term
   applied to the Holy Spirit.

     From  which  intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of
     the Paraclete given him by Christ. Bp. Pearson.

                                   Paraclose

   Par"a*close (?), n. (Arch.) See Parclose.

                                  Paracmastic

   Par`ac*mas"tic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  Para-,  and  Acme.]  (Med.)  Gradually
   decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper. Dunglison.

                                   Paraconic

   Par`a*con"ic  (?), a. [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
   or  designating,  an  organic  acid  obtained  as a deliquescent white
   crystalline  substance,  and  isomeric  with itaconic, citraconic, and
   mesaconic acids.

                                  Paraconine

   Par`a*co"nine   (?),  n.  [Pref.  para-  +  conine.]  (Chem.)  A  base
   resembling  and  isomeric  with  conine,  and  obtained as a colorless
   liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.

                                  Paracorolla

   Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n. [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.) A secondary or
   inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.

                                  Paracrostic

   Par`a*cros"tic   (?),   n.   [Pref.  para-  +  acrostic.]  A  poetical
   composition,  in  which  the first verse contains, in order, the first
   letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C.

                                 Paracyanogen

   Par`a*cy*an"o*gen   (?),  n.  [Pref.  para-  +  cyanogen.]  (Chem.)  A
   polymeric  modification  of  cyanogen,  obtained  as  a brown or black
   amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide.

                                  Paracymene

   Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.) Same as Cymene.

                                 Paradactylum

   Par`a*dac"ty*lum,  n.;  pl.  Paradactyla  (#).  [NL.  See  Para-,  and
   Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) The side of a toe or finger.

                                    Parade

   Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an assembling
   for  exercise,  a  place  where  troops are assembled to exercise, fr.
   parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.]

   1.  The  ground  where a military display is held, or where troops are
   drilled.

   2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in
   full  equipments,  for  inspection  or evolutions before some superior
   officer;  a  review  of  troops.  Parades  are general, regimental, or
   private   (troop,   battery,  or  company),  according  to  the  force
   assembled.

   3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition.

     Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. Swift.

   4.  That  which  is  displayed;  a  show;  a  spectacle;  an  imposing
   procession;  the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as,
   a parade of firemen.

     In state returned the grand parade. Swift.

   5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.]

     When they are not in parade, and upon their guard. Locke.

   6. A public walk; a promenade.
   Dress  parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. -- Parade
   rest,  a  position  of  rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are
   required  to  be  silent and motionless. Wilhelm. Syn. -- Ostentation;
   display;  show. -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a pompous exhibition
   of  things  for  the  purpose  of  display;  ostentation now generally
   indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for which one expects
   to  be  honored.  "It  was  not in the mere parade of royalty that the
   Mexican  potentates exhibited their power." Robertson. "We are dazzled
   with  the  splendor  of  titles,  the ostentation of learning, and the
   noise of victories." Spectator.

                                    Parade

   Pa*rade"  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.]
   [Cf. F. parader.]

   1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off.

     Parading all her sensibility. Byron.

   2.  To  assemble  and  form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march
   ceremoniously; as, to parade troops.

                                    Parade

   Pa*rade", v. i.

   1.  To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in
   a public place.

   2.  To  assemble  in  military order for evolutions and inspection; to
   form or march, as in review.

                                   Paradigm

   Par"a*digm  (?),  n.  [F.  paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. Para-, and
   Diction.]

   1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns of
   all things." Cudworth.

   2.  (Gram.)  An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word
   in all its different forms of inflection.

   3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a parable or fable.

                         Paradigmatic, Paradigmatical

   Par`a*dig*mat"ic  (?),  Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Exemplary. --
   Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

                                 Paradigmatic

   Par`a*dig*mat"ic,  n.  (Eccl.  Hist.) A writer of memoirs of religious
   persona, as examples of Christian excellence.

                                 Paradigmatize

   Par`a*dig"ma*tize  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized (?); p. pr.
   & vb. n. Paradigmatizing (?).] [Gr. Paradigm.] To set forth as a model
   or example. [Obs.] Hammond.

                           Paradisaic, Paradisaical

   Par`a*di*sa"ic  (?), Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or
   resembling, paradise; paradisiacal. "Paradisaical pleasures." Gray.

                                   Paradisal

   Par"a*di`sal (?), a. Paradisiacal.

                                   Paradise

   Par"a*dise   (?),  n.  [OE.  &  F.  paradis,  L.  paradisus,  fr.  Gr.
   para`deisos  park,  paradise,  fr.  Zend pairida&emac;za an inclosure;
   pairi  around  (akin  to Gr. diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to
   smear, and E. dough. Cf. Parvis.]

   1.  The  garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their
   creation.

   2. The abode of sanctified souls after death.

     To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise. Luke xxiii. 43.

     It  sounds  to  him  like  her mother's voice, Singing in Paradise.
     Longfellow.

   3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a
   state of happiness.

     The earth Shall be all paradise. Milton.

     Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision. Beaconsfield.

   4.  (Arch.) An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as
   the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.

   5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.
   Fool's  paradise.  See  under  Fool, and Limbo. -- Grains of paradise.
   (Bot.)   See   Melequeta  pepper,  under  Pepper.  --  Paradise  bird.
   (Zo\'94l.)  Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most beautiful species
   are  the  superb  (Lophorina  superba);  the  magnificent (Diphyllodes
   magnifica);  and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia sefilata). The
   long-billed  paradise  birds  (Epimachin\'91) also include some highly
   ornamental  species,  as  the  twelve-wired  paradise bird (Seleucides
   alba),  which  is  black,  yellow,  and  white,  with  six long breast
   feathers  on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See Bird of
   paradise  in  the Vocabulary. -- Paradise fish (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
   fresh-water  Asiatic fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large
   fins.  It  is  often  kept  alive  as  an ornamental fish. -- Paradise
   flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), any flycatcher of the genus Terpsiphone, having
   the  middle  tail  feathers  extremely elongated. The adult male of T.
   paradisi  is  white,  with the head glossy dark green, and crested. --
   Paradise  grackle  (Zo\'94l.), a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of
   the  genus  Astrapia,  having  dark  velvety  plumage  with  brilliant
   metallic tints. -- Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia
   nut. [Local, U. S.] -- Paradise whidah bird. (Zo\'94l.) See Whidah.

                                   Paradise

   Par"a*dise  (?), v. t. To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to
   entrance; to bewitch. [R.] Marston.

                                  Paradisean

   Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a. Paradisiacal.

                                   Paradised

   Par"a*dised  (?),  a.  Placed  in  paradise;  enjoying  delights as of
   paradise.

                           Paradisiac, Paradisiacal

   Par`a*dis"i*ac (?), Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), a. [L. paradisiacus.] Of or
   pertaining  to  paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C. Kingsley.
   T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope.

     The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty. G. Eliot.

                            Paradisial, Paradisian

   Par`a*dis"i*al (?), Par`a*dis"i*an (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.]

                                   Paradisic

   Par`a*dis"ic (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome.

                                  Paradisical

   Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.]

                                    Parados

   Par`a*dos  (?),  n.; pl. Paradoses (#). [F., fr. parer to defend + dos
   back,  L.  dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting mound, erected in any part
   of  a  fortification  to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet
   fire; a traverse. Farrow.

                                    Paradox

   Par`a*dox  (?), n.; pl. Paradoxes (#). [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr.
   Gr.  Para-,  and  Dogma.]  A tenet or proposition contrary to received
   opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed
   to  common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet
   may be true in fact.

     A  gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show
     not to be altogether unreasonable. Hooker.

     This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. Shak.

   Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic.

                                   Paradoxal

   Par"a*dox`al (?), a. Paradoxical. [Obs.]

                                  Paradoxical

   Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a.

   1. Of the nature of a paradox.

   2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received
   opinions.      Southey.     --     Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly,     adv.     --
   Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.

                           Paradoxer, n., Paradoxist

   Par"a*dox`er (?), n., Par"a*dox`ist (, n. One who proposes a paradox.

                                  Paradoxides

   Par`a*dox"i*des  (?),  n.  [NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large trilobites
   characteristic of the primordial formations.

                                 Paradoxology

   Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Paradox  + -logy.] The use of paradoxes.
   [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Paradoxure

   Par`a*dox"ure  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Paradoxurus, a
   genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, as the musang,
   and the luwack or palm cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See Musang.

                                   Paradoxy

   Par"a*dox`y (?), n.

   1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox.

   2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge

                              Paraffin, Paraffine

   Par"af*fin  (?),  Par"af*fine  (?), n. [F. paraffine, fr. L. parum too
   little   +  affinis  akin.  So  named  in  allusion  to  its  chemical
   inactivity.]  (Chem.)  A  white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti,
   tasteless  and  odorless,  and  obtained  from  coal  tar,  wood  tar,
   petroleum,  etc.,  by  distillation.  It  is used as an illuminant and
   lubricant.  It  is  very  inert,  not  being acted upon by most of the
   strong  chemical  reagents.  It  was  formerly  regarded as a definite
   compound,  but  is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher
   hydrocarbons  of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension,
   any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical
   series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of paraffins.

     NOTE: &hand; In  th e pr esent ch emical us age th is word is spelt
     paraffin, but in commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine.

   Native  paraffin.  See  Ozocerite.  --  Paraffin  series.  See Methane
   series, under Methane.

                                    Parage

   Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.]

   1.  (Old  Eng.  Law)  Equality  of condition, blood, or dignity; also,
   equality in the partition of an inheritance. Spelman.

   2.  (Feudal Law) Equality of condition between persons holding unequal
   portions of a fee. Burrill.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1040

   3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

     We claim to be of high parage. Chaucer.

                                  Paragenesis

   Par`a*gen"e*sis  (?),  n.  [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.) The science
   which treats of minerals with special reference to their origin.

                                   Paragenic

   Par`a*gen"ic  (?),  a. [Pref. para- the root of (Biol.) Originating in
   the  character  of  the  germ,  or  at  the  first  commencement of an
   individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure, character, etc.

                                 Paraglobulin

   Par`a*glob"u*lin (?), n. [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol. Chem.) An
   albuminous  body  in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins.
   See Fibrinoplastin.

                                  Paraglossa

   Par`a*glos"sa   (?),   n.;  pl.  Paragloss\'91  (#).  [NL.,  from  Gr.
   (Zo\'94l.)  One  of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium
   of certain insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera.

                                   Paragnath

   Par"ag*nath (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Paragnathus.

                                 Paragnathous

   Pa*rag"na*thous  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Having  both mandibles of equal
   length, the tips meeting, as in certain birds.

                                  Paragnathus

   Pa*rag"na*thus  (?),  n.;  pl.  Paragnathi  (#).  [NL.  See Para-, and
   Gnathic.]  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  One  of the two lobes which form the lower
   lip,  or  metastome,  of  Crustacea.  (b)  One  of  the  small, horny,
   toothlike jaws of certain annelids.

                                   Paragoge

   Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Gram.) The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word,
   as withouten for without.

   2. (Med.) Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison.

                            Paragogic, Paragogical

   Par`a*gog"ic  (?),  Par`a*gog"ic*al  (?), a. [Cf. F. paragogique.] Of,
   pertaining  to,  or  constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or
   serving  to  lengthen,  a  word.  Paragogic  letters,  in  the Semitic
   languages,  letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to
   express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.

                                    Paragon

   Par"a*gon  (?),  n.  [OF.  paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp.
   paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr.

   1. A companion; a match; an equal. [Obs.] Spenser.

     Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister. Sir P. Sidney.

   2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.]

     Full  many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men.
     Spenser.

   3.  A  model  or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a
   paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall.

     Man, . . . the paragon of animals ! Shak.

     The  riches  of  sweet  Mary's  son,  Boy-rabbi,  Israel's paragon.
     Emerson.

   4.  (Print.)  A size of type between great primer and double pica. See
   the Note under Type.

                                    Paragon

   Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.]

   1.  To  compare;  to  parallel;  to  put in rivalry or emulation with.
   [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

   2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser.

     In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising. Glover.

   3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.]

     He  hath  achieved  a maid That paragons description and wild fame.
     Shak.

                                    Paragon

   Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.]

     Few or none could . . . paragon with her. Shelton.

                                  Paragonite

   Pa*rag"o*nite  (?),  n.  [From  Gr.  (Min.)  A kind of mica related to
   muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic
   of the paragonite schist of the Alps.

                                   Paragram

   Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. Paragraph.] A pun.

     Puns, which he calls paragrams. Addison.

                                Paragrammatist

   Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A punster.

                                 Paragrandine

   Pa`ra*gran"di*ne  (?), n. [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.]
   An  instrument  to  avert  the  occurrence  of hailstorms. See Paragr.
   Knight.

                                   Paragraph

   Par"a*graph  (?),  n.  [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. Para-,
   and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.]

   1.  Originally,  a  marginal  mark  or note, set in the margin to call
   attention  to  something in the text, e. g., a change of subject; now,
   the character

     NOTE: &hand; This character is merely a modification of a capital P
     (the initial of the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and
     the  black part made white and the white part black for the sake of
     distinctiveness.

   2.  A  distinct  part  of  a  discourse  or  writing;  any  section or
   subdivision  of  a  writing  or  chapter which relates to a particular
   point,  whether  consisting  of one or many sentences. The division is
   sometimes noted by the mark

   3.  A  brief  composition  complete  in  one  typographical section or
   paragraph;  an  item,  remark,  or  quotation comprised in a few lines
   forming  one  paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial
   paragraph.

                                   Paragraph

   Par"a*graph,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Paragraphing.]

   1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character ¶.

   2.  To  express  in  the  compass  of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an
   article.

   3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs

                                  Paragrapher

   Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.

                          Paragraphic, Paragraphical

   Par`a*graph"ic  (?),  Par`a*graph"ic*al  (?),  a.  Pertaining  to,  or
   consisting  of,  a  paragraph  or paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly,
   adv.

                                 Paragraphist

   Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A paragrapher.

                               Paragraphistical

   Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al  (?),  a. Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.]
   Beau. & Fl.

                                  Para grass

   Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode)
   introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.

                                 Paragr\'88le

   Pa`ra`gr\'88le"  (?),  n.  [F., fr. parer to guard + gr\'88le hail.] A
   lightning  conductor  erected,  as  in a vineyard, for drawing off the
   electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms. [France]
   Knight.

                                  Paraguayan

   Par`a*guay"an  (?), a. Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or
   inhabitant of Paraguay.

                                 Paraguay tea

   Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.

                                    Parail

   Par"ail  (?),  n.  See  Apparel.  [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim."
   Piers Plowman.

                                   Parakeet

   Par"a*keet` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.

                                  Paralactic

   Par`a*lac"tic  (?),  a.  [Pref.  para-  +  lactic.]  (Physiol.  Chem.)
   Designating  an  acid  called  paralactic acid. See Lactic acid, under
   Lactic.

                                  Paralbumin

   Par`al*bu"min  (?),  n.  [Pref.  para-  + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
   proteidlike  body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere.
   It  is  generally  associated  with  a  substance  related  to, if not
   identical with, glycogen.

                                  Paraldehyde

   Par*al"de*hyde  (?),  n. [Pref. para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A polymeric
   modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.

                                  Paraleipsis

   Par`a*leip"sis  (?),  n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A pretended or apparent
   omission;  a  figure  by  which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by
   what  he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should say, "I
   do  not  speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his
   brutal  conduct,  his treachery and malice." [Written also paralepsis,
   paralepsy, paralipsis.]

                                  Paralepsis

   Par`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.

                                   Paralian

   Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. A dweller by the sea. [R.]

                                 Paralipomenon

   Par`a*li*pom"e*non  (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things
   omitted,  pass.  p.  pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. A title given in
   the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.

     NOTE: &hand; In   th  e Se  ptuagint th  ese bo  oks ar  e ca  lled
     Paraleipome`nwn  prw^ton  and dey`teron, which is understood, after
     Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the
     Books of Kings W. Smith.

                                  Paralipsis

   Par`a*lip"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.

                          Parallactic, Parallactical

   Par`al*lac"tic  (?), Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. parallactique.]
   Of or pertaining to a parallax.

                                   Parallax

   Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.]

   1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object,
   as seen from two different stations, or points of view.

   2.  (Astron.)  The  apparent  difference in position of a body (as the
   sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as
   seen  from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the
   sun.
   Annual  parallax,  the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or
   the  greatest  annual  apparent change of place of a body as seen from
   the  earth  and  sun;  as,  the  annual  parallax  of a fixed star. --
   Binocular  parallax,  the apparent difference in position of an object
   as  seen  separately  by  one  eye,  and  then  by the other, the head
   remaining  unmoved.  -- Diurnal, OR Geocentric, parallax, the parallax
   of  a  body  with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of
   parallax  that  is  generally understood when the term is used without
   qualification.  --  Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with
   reference  to  the  sun,  or  the angle subtended at the body by lines
   drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a
   planet.  --  Horizontal parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly
   body  when  in  the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the
   earth's  radius.  --  Optical  parallax,  the apparent displacement in
   position  undergone  by  an  object  when viewed by either eye singly.
   Brande & C. -- Parallax of the cross wires (of an optical instrument),
   their  apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused
   by  their  not  being  exactly  in  the  focus of the object glass. --
   Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed star.

                                   Parallel

   Par"al*lel (?), a. [F. parall\'8ale, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. alius. See
   Allien.]

   1.  (Geom.)  Extended  in the same direction, and in all parts equally
   distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.

     Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. Hakluyt.

     NOTE: &hand; Cu rved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel
     when they are in all parts equally distant.

   2.  Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being
   in  accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and
   with.

     When  honor  runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it
     can not be too much cherished. Addison.

   3.  Continuing  a  resemblance through many particulars; applicable in
   all  essential  parts;  like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel
   passage. Addison.
   Parallel  bar.  (a)  (Steam  Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is
   parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about
   five  feet  above  the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, --
   used  for  gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those
   circles  of  the  sphere  whose  planes are parallel to each other. --
   Parallel  columns,  OR  Parallels  (Printing), two or more passages of
   reading  matter  printed  side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing
   the  similarity  or  discrepancy  between  them.  --  Parallel  forces
   (Mech.),  forces  which  act  in directions parallel to each other. --
   Parallel motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars,
   by  which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be
   guided,  either  approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine.
   (b)  (Mus.)  The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed
   intervals,  as  thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a
   metal  rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels;
   --  called  also  couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod.
   See  Illust.  of  Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel ruler, an instrument
   for  drawing  parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive
   positions  of  the  ruling  edge  parallel  to  each  other; also, one
   consisting  of  two  movable  parts,  the  opposite edges of which are
   always parallel. -- Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of
   latitude.  --  Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the
   sphere  in  which  the  circles  of  daily  motion are parallel to the
   horizon,  as  to  an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise, a vise
   having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.

                                   Parallel

   Par"al*lel (?), n.

   1.  A  line  which,  throughout  its whole extent, is equidistant from
   another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.

     Who  made  the  spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without
     rule or line ? Pope.

   2. Direction conformable to that of another line,

     Lines that from their parallel decline. Garth.

   3.  Conformity  continued through many particulars or in all essential
   points; resemblance; similarity.

     Twixt  earthly  females  and  the  moon  All parallels exactly run.
     Swift.

   4.  A  comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's
   parallel between Dryden and Pope.

   5.  Anything  equal  to,  or  resembling,  another  in  all  essential
   particulars; a counterpart.

     None but thyself can be thy parallel. Pope.

   6.  (Geog.)  One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth,
   parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding
   line on a globe or map.

   7.  (Mil.)  One  of  a  series  of  long trenches constructed before a
   besieged  fortress,  by  the  besieging  force,  as a cover for troops
   supporting  the  attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the
   line of outer defenses of the fortress.

   8.  (Print.)  A  character  consisting  of two parallel vertical lines
   (thus,  )  used  in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked
   note in the margin or at the foot of a page.
   Limiting  parallels.  See  under  Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude
   (Astron.),  one  of  the  small circles of the sphere, parallel to the
   horizon;  an  almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of
   the  small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel
   of  latitude.  (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the
   small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.

                                   Parallel

   Par"al*lel,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Paralleling (?).]

   1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel
   to, or to conform in direction with, something else.

     The  needle  .  .  .  doth  parallel and place itself upon the true
     meridian. Sir T. Browne.

   2.  Fig.:  To  make to conform to something else in character, motive,
   aim, or the like.

     His  life  is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great
     justice. Shak.

   3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak.

   4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke.

     My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. Shak.

                                   Parallel

   Par"al*lel,  v.  i.  To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.]
   Bacon.

                                 Parallelable

   Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.]
   Bp. Hall.

                                  Parallelism

   Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82lisme.]

   1. The quality or state of being parallel.

   2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.

     A close parallelism of thought and incident. T. Warton.

   3.  Similarity  of  construction  or meaning of clauses placed side by
   side,  especially  clauses  expressing  the same sentiment with slight
   modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: --

     At  her  feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down
     dead. Judg. v. 27.

                                 Parallelistic

   Par`al*lel*is"tic  (?),  a.  Of the nature of a parallelism; involving
   parallelism.

     The  antithetic  or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely
     lost. Milman.

                                  Parallelize

   Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To render parallel. [R.]

                                 Parallelless

   Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless. [R.]

                                  Parallelly

   Par"al*lel*ly,  adv.  In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr.
   H. More.

                                 Parallelogram

   Par`al*lel"o*gram  (?),  n. [Gr. parall\'82logramme. See Parallel, and
   -gram.]  (Geom.)  A  right-lined  quadrilateral figure, whose opposite
   sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in
   popular  usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer
   than  it is broad, and with right angles. Parallelogram of velocities,
   forces,  accelerations,  momenta,  etc.  (Mech.),  a parallelogram the
   diagonal  of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces,
   accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the
   velocities,  forces,  accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in
   quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.

                              Parallelogrammatic

   Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic  (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram;
   parallelogrammic.
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                     Parallelogrammic, Parallelogrammical

   Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?), Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), a. Having the
   properties of a parallelogram. [R.]

                                Parallelopiped

   Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped  (?),  n.  [Gr.  parall\'82lopip\'8ade.] (Geom.) A
   solid,  the  faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs
   being  parallel,  and  equal  to  each  other; a prism whose base is a
   parallelogram.

                               Parallelopipedon

   Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n. [NL.] A parallelopiped. Hutton.

                                  Paralogical

   Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a. Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical
   doubt." Sir T. Browne.

                                  Paralogism

   Pa*ral"o*gism  (?), n. [Gr. paralogisme.] (Logic) A reasoning which is
   false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or
   formul\'91;  a  formal  fallacy,  or  pseudo-syllogism,  in  which the
   conclusion does not follow from the premises.

                                  Paralogize

   Pa*ral"o*gize  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Paralogizing (?).] [Gr. To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not
   warranted by the premises. [R.]

                                   Paralogy

   Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. False reasoning; paralogism.

                                   Paralyse

   Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as Paralyze.

                                   Paralysis

   Pa*ral"y*sis  (?),  n.  [L., fr. Gr. Para-, and Loose, and cf. Palsy.]
   (Med.)  Abolition  of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the
   loss  of  the  power  of  voluntary  motion,  with  or without that of
   sensation,  in  any  part  of  the  body;  palsy.  See Hemiplegia, and
   Paraplegia.  Also  used  figuratively. "Utter paralysis of memory." G.
   Eliot.

     Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of
     ownership. Duke of Argyll (1887).

                                   Paralytic

   Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L. paralyticus, Gr. paralytique.]

   1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.

   2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.

     The cold, shaking, paralytic hand. Prior.

   3. Inclined or tending to paralysis.
   Paralytic  secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery,
   secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the
   pralytic saliva.

                                   Paralytic

   Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with paralysis.

                                  Paralytical

   Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See Paralytic.

                                 Paralyzation

   Par`a*ly*za"tion  (?),  n.  The  act  or process of paralyzing, or the
   state of being paralyzed.

                                   Paralyze

   Par"a*lyze  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Paralyzing (?).] [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.]

   1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.

   2.  Fig.:  To  unnerve;  to destroy or impair the energy of; to render
   ineffective;  as,  the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency
   paralyzed his efforts.

                                     Param

   Par"am  (?),  n.  (Chem.)  A  white  crystalline nitrogenous substance
   (C2H4N4); -- called also dicyandiamide.

                                 Paramagnetic

   Par`a*mag*net"ic  (?),  a.  [Pref.  para-  +  magnetic.]  Magnetic, as
   opposed  to  diamagnetic.  -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. --
   Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

                                 Paramagnetism

   Par`a*mag"net*ism  (?),  n.  Magnetism,  as  opposed  to diamagnetism.
   Faraday.

                                  Paramaleic

   Par`a*ma*le"ic  (?), a. [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
   or  designating,  an  acid  obtained  from  malic acid, and now called
   fumaric acid. [Obs.]

                                   Paramalic

   Par`a*ma"lic  (?), a. [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.

                                  Paramastoid

   Par`a*mas"toid  (?),  a.  [Pref.  para-  +  mastoid.] (Anat.) Situated
   beside,   or   near,   the  mastoid  portion  of  the  temporal  bone;
   paroccipital;  -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some
   animals.

                                   Paramatta

   Par`a*mat"ta  (?), n. [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light
   fabric  of  cotton  and  worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck
   (Draper's Dict.)

                                   Parament

   Par"a*ment  (?), n. [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.]
   Ornamental  hangings,  furniture,  etc., as of a state apartment; rich
   and  elegant  robes  worn  by  men  of rank; -- chiefly in the plural.
   [Obs.]

     Lords in paraments on their coursers. Chaucer.

   Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch.

                                   Paramento

   Pa`ra*men"to (?), n. [Sp.] Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl.

                                   Paramere

   Par"a*mere  (?),  n.  [Pref.  para-  +  -mere.]  (Zo\'94l.) One of the
   symmetrical  halves  of  any  one  of  the radii, or spheromeres, of a
   radiate animal, as a starfish.

                                   Parameter

   Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. param\'8atre.]

   1.  (a)  (Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose
   value,  invariable  as  long  as  one  and  the  same function, curve,
   surface,  etc.,  is  considered,  serves to distinguish that function,
   curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande &
   C.  (b) Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a
   third  proportional  to  any  diameter  and  its  conjugate, or in the
   parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.

     NOTE: &hand; The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section
     is called the latus rectum.

   2.  (Crystallog.)  The  ratio of the three crystallographic axes which
   determines  the  position  of  any  plane; also, the fundamental axial
   ratio for a given species.

                                 Parametritis

   Par`a*me*tri"tis  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Para-,  and  Metritis.]  (Med.)
   Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.

                                Paramiographer

   Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher  (?), n. [Gr. -graph + -er.] A collector or writer
   of proverbs. [R.]

                                  Paramitome

   Par`a*mi"tome  (?),  n.  [Pref.  para-  +  mitome.]  (Biol.) The fluid
   portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

                                    Paramo

   Pa"ra*mo  (?),  n.;  pl.  Paramos  (#). [Sp. p\'91ramo.] A high, bleak
   plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as
   in the Andes, in South America.

                                   Paramorph

   Par"a*morph  (?),  n. [Pref. para- + Gr. (Min.) A kind of pseudomorph,
   in  which  there  has  been  a  change  of physical characters without
   alteration  of  chemical  composition,  as  the change of aragonite to
   calcite.

                                 Paramorphism

   Par`a*mor"phism  (?),  n.  (Min.) The change of one mineral species to
   another,  so  as  to  involve  a change in physical characters without
   alteration of chemical composition.

                                 Paramorphous

   Par`a*mor"phous  (?),  a.  (Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting
   paramorphism.

                                   Paramount

   Par"a*mount  (?),  a. [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) +
   amont  above.  See  Amount.]  Having the highest rank or jurisdiction;
   superior to all others; chief; supreme; pre\'89minent; as, a paramount
   duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon. Lady paramount (Archery), the lady
   making  the  best  score.  -- Lord paramount, the king. Syn. Superior;
   principal; pre\'89minent; chief.

                                   Paramount

   Par"a*mount, n. The highest or chief. Milton.

                                  Paramountly

   Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount manner.

                                   Paramour

   Par"a*mour  (?),  n. [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par,
   and Amour.]

   1.  A  lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good
   sense,  now  only  in  a  bad  one);  one who takes the place, without
   possessing  the  rights,  of  a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a
   woman.

     The  seducer  appeared  with  dauntless  front,  accompanied by his
     paramour Macaulay.

   2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer.

                              Paramour, Paramours

   Par"a*mour`,  Par"a*mours` (?), adv. By or with love, esp. the love of
   the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.]

     For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. Chaucer.

                                   Paramylum

   Par*am"y*lum  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Chem.) A substance resembling
   starch,  found  in  the  green  frothy  scum  formed on the surface of
   stagnant water.

                                Paranaphthalene

   Par`a*naph"tha*lene  (?),  n.  [Pref.  para-  +  naphthalene.] (Chem.)
   Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.]

                                   Paranoia

   Par`a*noi"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Mental derangement; insanity.

                                 Paranthracene

   Par*an"thra*cene  (?), n. [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.) An inert
   isomeric modification of anthracene.

                                  Paranucleus

   Par`a*nu"cle*us  (?),  n.  [Pref.  para-  +  nucleus.] (Biol.) Some as
   Nucleolus.

                                   Para nut

   Pa*ra" nut` (?). (Bot.) The Brazil nut.

                                   Paranymph

   Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L. paranymphus, Gr. paranymphe.]

   1.  (Gr.  Antiq.)  (a) A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in
   his  chariot  to  fetch home the bride. Milton. (b) The bridesmaid who
   conducted the bride to the bridegroom.

   2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor.

                                  Paranymphal

   Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal; nuptial. [R.]

     At some paranymphal feast. Ford.

                                  Parapectin

   Par`a*pec"tin  (?),  n.  [Pref.  para- + pectin.] (Chem.) A gelatinous
   modification of pectin.

                                   Parapegm

   Par"a*pegm  (?), n. [L. parapegma, Gr. parapegme.] An engraved tablet,
   usually of brass, set up in a public place.

     NOTE: &hand; Pa rapegms we re us ed fo r th e pu blication of laws,
     proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or
     calendar events.

                                  Parapeptone

   Par`a*pep"tone  (?),  n.  [Pref. para- + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An
   albuminous  body  formed  in small quantity by the peptic digestion of
   proteids.  It  can  be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but
   not by gastric juice.

                                    Parapet

   Par"a*pet  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off,
   guard  (L.  parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus.
   See Parry, and Pectoral.]

   1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a
   platform, roof, bridge, or the like.

   2.  (Fort.)  A  wall,  rampart,  or  elevation  of earth, for covering
   soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.

                                 Parapetalous

   Par`a*pet"al*ous  (?), a. [Pref. para- + petal.] (Bot.) Growing by the
   side of a petal, as a stamen.

                                   Parapeted

   Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet.

                                    Paraph

   Par"aph  (?),  n.  [F.  paraphe,  parafe,  contr.  fr.  paragraphe.] A
   flourish  made  with  the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle
   Ages,  this  formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery. Brande &
   C.

                                    Paraph

   Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.]
   [Cf. F. parapher, parafer.] To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the
   initials.

                                  Parapherna

   Par`a*pher"na  (?),  n.  pl.  [L.]  (Rom. Law) The property of a woman
   which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but remained
   her own.

                                  Paraphernal

   Par`a*pher"nal  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  paraphernal.]  Of or pertaining to
   paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property. Kent.

                                 Paraphernalia

   Par`a*pher*na"li*a  (?),  n.  pl.  [LL.  paraphernalia  bona,  fr.  L.
   parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.]

   1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being
   chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.

   2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.

                                 Paraphimosis

   Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition in which the
   prepuce,  after being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted
   there, and can not be brought forward into place again.

                                Paraphosphoric

   Par`a*phos*phor"ic   (?),  a.  [Pref.  para-  +  phosphoric.]  (Chem.)
   Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]

                                  Paraphagma

   Par`a*phag"ma (?), n.; pl. Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
   One  of  the  outer  divisions  of  an  endosternite  of Crustacea. --
   Par`a*phrag"mal (#), a.

                                  Paraphrase

   Par"a*phrase  (?),  n. [L. paraphrasis, Gr. paraphrase. See Para-, and
   Phrase.]  A  restatement  of  a text, passage, or work, expressing the
   meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of its
   clearer  and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a
   text  in  other  and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; --
   opposed to metaphrase.

     In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are
     not so strictly followed as his sense. Dryden.

     Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David. I. Disraeli.

     His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice. Sowth.

     The  Targums  are  also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases.
     Shipley.

                                  Paraphrase

   Par"a*phrase,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Paraphrasing  (?).] To express, interpret, or translate with latitude;
   to give the meaning of a passage in other language.

     We   are  put  to  construe  and  paraphrase  our  own  words.  Bp.
     Stillingfleet.

                                  Paraphrase

   Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a paraphrase.

                                  Paraphraser

   Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who paraphrases.

                                 Paraphrasian

   Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A paraphraser. [R.]

                                  Paraphrast

   Par"a*phrast   (?),   n.   [L.   paraphrastes,   Gr.  paraphraste.]  A
   paraphraser. T. Warton.

                         Paraphrastic, Paraphrastical

   Par`a*phras"tic  (?),  Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), a. [Gr.paraphrastique.]
   Paraphrasing;  of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or translating
   in  words  more clear and ample than those of the author; not literal;
   free. -- Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

                                  Paraphysis

   Pa*raph"y*sis  (?),  n.;  pl.  Paraphyses  (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
   minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of
   mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless plants.

                             Paraplegia, Paraplegy

   Par`a*ple"gi*a  (?),  Par"a*ple`gy  (?),  n.  [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr.
   parapl\'82gie.]  (Med.)  Palsy  of  the lower half of the body on both
   sides,  caused usually by disease of the spinal cord. -- Par`a*pleg"ic
   (#), a.

                                  Parapleura

   Par`a*pleu"ra  (?),  n.; pl. Parapleur\'91 (#). [NL. See Para-, and 2d
   Pleura.]  (Zo\'94l.) A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the
   pleuron of certain insects.

                                  Parapodium

   Par`a*po"di*um  (?),  n.;  pl. Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
   One  of  the  lateral  appendages  of  an annelid; -- called also foot
   tubercle.

     NOTE: &hand; Th ey ma y se rve fo r lo comotion, re spiration, an d
     sensation,   and   often  contain  spines  or  set\'91.  When  well
     developed,  a  dorsal  part,  or notopodium, and a ventral part, or
     neuropodium, are distinguished.

                                 Parapophysis

   Par`a*poph"y*sis  (?),  n.;  pl. Parapophyses (#). [NL. See Para-, and
   Apophysis.] (Anat.) The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a
   vertebra. See Vertebra. -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#), a.

                                  Parapterum

   Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl. Paraptera (#). [NL. See Para-, and Pteron.]
   (Zo\'94l.) A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and
   metathorax of certain insects.

                              Paraquet, Paraquito

   Par`a*quet"  (?),  Par`a*qui"to (?), n. [See Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) See
   Parrakeet.

                                   Parasang

   Par"a*sang  (?),  n. [L. parasanga, Gr. farsang.] A Persian measure of
   length, which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia,
   or  somewhat  more  than three and a half miles. The measure varied in
   different  times  and  places,  and, as now used, is estimated at from
   three and a half to four English miles.

                                  Parascenium

   Par`a*sce"ni*um  (?),  n.;  pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek &
   Rom.  Antiq.) One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used
   as robing rooms.

                                   Parasceve

   Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L., from Gr.

   1.  Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42
   (Douay ver.)

   2. A preparation. [R.] Donne.

                                 Paraschematic

   Par`a*sche*mat"ic  (?),  a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a change from the
   right  form, as in the formation of a word from another by a change of
   termination, gender, etc. Max M\'81ller.

                                  Paraselene

   Par`a*se*le"ne   (?),  n.;  pl.  Paraselen\'91  (#).  [NL.,  from  Gr.
   paras\'82l\'8ane.]  (Meteor.)  A mock moon; an image of the moon which
   sometimes appears at the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf.
   Parhelion.

                                   Parasita

   Par`a*si"ta  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.]  (Zo\'94l.)  (a) An artificial group
   formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b) A
   division  of  copepod  Crustacea,  having  a  sucking  mouth,  as  the
   lerneans.   They   are   mostly   parasites  on  fishes.  Called  also
   Siphonostomata.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1042

                                   Parasital

   Par"a*si`tal  (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites;
   parasitic.

                                   Parasite

   Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr.

   1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's
   expense,  and  earns  his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a
   sycophant.

     Thou,  with  trembling  fear,  Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st.
     Milton.

     Parasites  were  called  such smell-feasts as would seek to be free
     guests at rich men's tables. Udall.

   2.  (Bot.)  (a)  A  plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other
   plants  to  which  it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; --
   sometimes,  but erroneously, called epiphyte. (b) A plant living on or
   within  an  animal,  and  supported at its expense, as many species of
   fungi of the genus Torrubia.

   3.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  An animal which lives during the whole or part of
   its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its
   food,  blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which
   steals  the  food  of  another,  as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal
   which  habitually  uses  the  nest  of another, as the cowbird and the
   European cuckoo.

                            Parasitic, Parasitical

   Par`a*sit"ic   (?),  Par`a*sit"ic*al  (?),  a.  [L.  parasiticus,  Gr.
   parasitique.]

   1.  Of  the  nature  of  a  parasite;  fawning  for  food  or  favors;
   sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton.

   2.  (Bot.  &  Zo\'94l.)  Of  or pertaining to parasites; living on, or
   deriving  nourishment  from,  some  other  living animal or plant. See
   Parasite, 2 & 3.
   Parasitic   gull,   Parasitic   jager.   (Zo\'94l.)   See   Jager.  --
   Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.

                                 Parasiticide

   Par`a*sit"i*cide  (?),  n.  [Parasite  + L. caedere to kill.] Anything
   used to destroy parasites. Quain.

                                  Parasitism

   Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F. parasitisme.]

   1.  The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court
   parasitism." Milton.

   2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)The state of being parasitic.

                                    Parasol

   Par"a*sol`  (?),  n. [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It.
   parare  to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole
   sun,  Sp.  &  Pg.  sol  (L.  sol).  See Parry, Solar.] A kind of small
   umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.

                                    Parasol

   Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a parasol. [R.]

                                  Parasolette

   Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small parasol.

                                 Parasphenoid

   Par`a*sphe"noid  (?),  a.  [Pref.  para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Near the
   sphenoid  bone;  --  applied especially to a bone situated immediately
   beneath  the  sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. -- n.
   The parasphenoid bone.

                                  Parastichy

   Pa*ras"ti*chy  (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. (Bot.) A secondary spiral in
   phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone.

                                  Parasynaxis

   Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting.

                                 Parasynthetic

   Par`a*syn*thet"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr. Para-, and Synthetic.] Formed from a
   compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr. Murray.

                                  Paratactic

   Par`a*tac"tic  (?),  a. (Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by,
   parataxis.

                                   Parataxis

   Par`a*tax"is  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Gram.)  The  mere ranging of
   propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or
   interdependence; -- opposed to syntax. Brande & C.

                                  Parathesis

   Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr.

   1.  (Gram.)  The  placing  of  two  or  more  nouns  in the same case;
   apposition.

   2.  (Rhet.)  A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward
   expanded. Smart.

   3. (Print.) The matter contained within brackets.

   4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer. Shipley.

                                  Parathetic

   Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parathesis.

                                 Paratonnerre

   Pa`ra`ton`nerre"   (?),   n.  [F.,  fr.  parer  to  parry  +  tonnerre
   thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.

                                   Paraunter

   Par*aun"ter  (?),  adv. [Par + aunter.] Peradventure. See Paraventure.
   [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Parauque

   Pa*rauque"  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging
   from  Texas  to  South  America.  It  is  allied to the night hawk and
   goatsucker.

                                   Paravail

   Par`a*vail"  (?),  a. [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) + aval
   down;  a-  (L.  ad)  + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.] (Eng.
   Law) At the bottom; lowest. Cowell.

     NOTE: &hand; In  fe udal la w, th e te nant pa ravail is the lowest
     tenant  of  the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds
     over of another.

   Wharton.

                              Paravant, Paravant

   Par"a*vant`  (?),  Par"a*vant`  (?), adv. [OF. par avant. See Par, and
   lst Avaunt.]

   1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser.

   2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                  Paraventure

   Par`a*ven"ture  (?),  adv.  [Par + aventure.] Peradventure; perchance.
   [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Paraxanthin

   Par`a*xan"thin  (?),  n.  [Pref.  Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
   crystalline  substance  closely  related  to xanthin, present in small
   quantity in urine.

                                   Paraxial

   Par*ax"i*al  (?),  a. [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.) On either side of
   the axis of the skeleton.

                                  Paraxylene

   Par`a*xy"lene  (?),  n.  (Chem.)  A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series
   obtained  as  a  colorless  liquid by the distillation of camphor with
   zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer,
   and Xylene.

                                    Parboil

   Par"boil`  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Parboiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through
   (see  Par)  +  bouillir  to  boil,  L.  bullire.  The  sense  has been
   influenced by E. part. See lst Boil.]

   1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

   2.  To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.<-- the only def. in
   MW10.   Also,   used   figuratively   for   "do   (something)  partly,
   incompletely" -->

                                   Parbreak

   Par"break`  (?),  v.  i.  &  t. [Par + break.] To throw out; to vomit.
   [Obs.] Skelton.

                                   Parbreak

   Par"break`, n. Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                   Parbuckle

   Par"buc`kle  (?), n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a
   cylindrical  burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast
   aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the
   loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A
   double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.

                                   Parbuckle

   Par"buc`kle,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Parbuckling (?).] To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten.

                                   Parc\'91

   Par"c\'91 (?), n. pl. [L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4.

                                    Parcase

   Par*case"  (?),  adv.  [Par  +  case.]  Perchance;  by  chance. [Obs.]
   Chaucer.

                                    Parcel

   Par"cel  (?),  n.  [F.  parcelle  a  small  part,  fr.  (assumed)  LL.
   particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.]

   1.  A  portion  of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a
   part. [Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer.

     Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot.

     The   parcels   of   the   nation   adopted   different   forms  of
     self-government. J. A. Symonds.

   2.  (Law)  A  part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is
   part and parcel of another piece.

   3.  An  indiscriminate  or  indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a
   collection; a group.

     This  youthful  parcel  Of  noble  bachelors stand at my disposing.
     Shak.

   4.  A  number  or  quantity  of  things  put  up together; a bundle; a
   package; a packet.

     'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper.

   Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where
   parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel
   post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection
   and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part.

                                    Parcel

   Par"cel,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb.
   n. Parceling or Parcelling.]

   1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or
   into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak.

     These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden.

     The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson.

   2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.]

     That  mine  own  servant  should  Parcel the sum of my disgraces by
     Addition of his envy. Shak.

   3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the
   machine parcels yarn, wool, etc.
   To  parcel  a  rope  (Naut.),  to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly
   arround  it.  Totten.  -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a
   strip of tarred canvas.

                                    Parcel

   Par"cel,  a. & adv. Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes
   hyphened with the word following.]

     The worthy dame was parcel-blind. Sir W. Scott.

     One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson.

   Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

                                   Parceling

   Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also parcelling.]

   1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.

   2.  (Naut.)  Long,  narrow  slips  of canvas daubed with tar and wound
   about  a  rope  like  a  bandage,  before it is served; used, also, in
   mousing on the stayes, etc.

                                  Parcel-mele

   Par"cel-mele`  (?),  adv. [See Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels or
   parts. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Parcenary

   Par"ce*na*ry  (?),  n.  [See  Parcener, partner.] (Law) The holding or
   occupation  of  an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor
   to two or more persons; coheirship.

     NOTE: &hand; It  differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which
     is  created  by  deed  or  devise. In the United States there is no
     essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common.

   Wharton. Kent.

                                   Parcener

   Par"ce*ner  (?),  n.  [Of.  paronnier,  parsonnier,  fr.  parzon, par,
   parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition, and
   cf. Partner.] (Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an
   estate  of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one
   estate.

                                     Parch

   Parch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parching.]
   [OE.  perchen  to  pierce,  hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF.
   perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.]

   1.  To  burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry
   grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.

     Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. Lev. xxiii. 14.

   2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched
   from fever.

     The ground below is parched. Dryden.

                                     Parch

   Parch,  v.  i.  To  become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very
   dry. "Parch in Afric sun." Shak.

                                  Parchedness

   Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being parched.

                                   Parchesi

   Par*che"si (?), n. See Pachisi.

                                   Parching

   Parch"ing  (?),  a.  Scorching;  burning;  drying.  "Summer's parching
   heat." Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly, adv.

                                   Parchment

   Parch"ment  (?),  n.  [OE.  parchemin,  perchemin,  F.  parchemin, LL.
   pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging
   to  Pergamus  an  ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment
   was first used.]

   1.  The  skin  of  a  lamb,  sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal,
   prepared for writing on. See Vellum.

     But here's a parchment with the seal of C\'91sar. Shak.

   2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp.
   Parchment paper. See Papyrine.

                                    Parcity

   Par"ci*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  parcitas,  fr. parcus sparing.] Sparingless.
   [Obs.]

                                   Parclose

   Par"close   (?),  n.  [OF.  See  Perclose.]  (Eccl.  Arch.)  A  screen
   separating  a  chapel  from  the  body  of  the  church. [Written also
   paraclose and perclose.] Hook.

                                     Pard

   Pard  (?), n. [L. pardus, Gr. p tiger, panther.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard;
   a panther.

     And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain. Shak.

                                    Pardale

   Par"dale (?), n. [L. pardalis, Gr. Pard.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard. [Obs.]
   Spenser.

                                 Parde, Pardie

   Par*de"  (?), Par*die" (?), adv. OR interj. [F. pardi, for par Dieu by
   God.]  Certainly;  surely;  truly;  verily;  --  originally  an  oath.
   [Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.]

     He was, parde, an old fellow of yours. Chaucer.

                                    Pardine

   Par"dine  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Spotted  like  a  pard.  Pardine  lynx
   (Zo\'94l.),  a  species  of  lynx  (Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern
   Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.

                                     Pardo

   Par"do  (?), n. [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. prat\'bepa splendor, majesty.] A
   money  of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling.
   or 60 cts.

                                    Pardon

   Par"don (?), n. [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.]

   1.  The  act  of  pardoning;  forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an
   offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.

     Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. Shak.

     But infinite in pardon was my judge. Milton.

   Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your
   pardon;  or  in  indicating that one has not understood another; as, I
   beg pardon.

   2. An official warrant of remission of penalty.

     Sign me a present pardon for my brother. Shak.

   3. The state of being forgiven. South.

   4.  (Law)  A  release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction,
   from  the  penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty,
   which  is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of
   past offenses. Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness.

                                    Pardon

   Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.]
   [Either  fr.  pardon,  n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per
   through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par-,
   and Donation.]

   1.  To  absolve  from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of
   crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.

     In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. 2 Kings v. 18.

     I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. Shak.

   2.  To  remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to
   forgive; -- applied to offenses.

     I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 S

     Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle Shak.

   3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.

     I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. Shak.

   4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.]

     Even now about it! I will pardon you. Shak.

   Pardon  me,  forgive  me;  excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express
   courteous  denial  or  contradiction.  Syn.  --  To  forgive; absolve;
   excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See Excuse.

                                  Pardonable

   Par"don*a*ble  (?),  a. [Cf. F. pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not
   requiring  the  excution  of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to
   the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit.

                                Pardonableness

   Par"don*a*ble*ness,  n.  The quality or state of being pardonable; as,
   the pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall.

                                  Pardonably

   Par"don*a*bly,  adv.  In  a  manner  admitting  of  pardon; excusably.
   Dryden.

                                   Pardoner

   Par"don*er (?), n.

   1. One who pardons. Shak.

   2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Pardoning

   Par"don*ing,  a. Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to
   pardon;  willing  to  pardon;  merciful;  as,  the  pardoning power; a
   pardoning God.

                                     Pare

   Pare  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F.
   parer  to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to
   clear,  as  anchors  or  cables,  to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to
   prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.]

   1.  To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities
   of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof.

   2.  To  remove;  to  separate;  to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or
   outside  part,  from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare
   off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.

   3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.

     The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. Bacon.

                                   Paregoric

   Par`e*gor"ic   (?)   a.   [L.  paregoricus,  Gr.  par\'82gorique.  See
   Allegory.]  Mitigating;  assuaging  or  soothing  pain;  as, paregoric
   elixir.

                                   Paregoric

   Par`e*gor"ic,  n.  (Med.)  A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne;
   specifically,  camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric
   elexir.

                                   Parelcon

   Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr. (Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle
   to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.

                                Parelectronomic

   Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic   (?),   a.   (Physiol.)   Of   or   relating  to
   parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle.

                                Parelectronomy

   Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n. [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) A
   condition  of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which
   the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.

                               Parella, Parelle

   Pa*rel"la  (?),  Pa`relle  (?), n. [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A name
   for  two  kinds  of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum). (b) A
   kind  of  lichen  (Lecanora  parella)  once  used in dyeing and in the
   preparation of litmus.

                                   Parembole

   Pa*rem"bo*le  (, n. [NL., from Gr. Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind
   of parenthesis.
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   Page 1043

                                   Parement

   Pare"ment (?), n. See Parament. [Obs.]

                                  Paremptosis

   Par`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Same as Parembole.

                                  Parenchyma

   Pa*ren"chy*ma  (?),  n.  [NL.,  from Gr. parenchyme.] (Biol.) The soft
   celluar  substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp
   of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.

                                  Parenchymal

   Pa*ren"chy*mal   (?),   a.   Of,  pertaining  to,  or  consisting  of,
   parenchyma.

                         Parenchymatous, Parenchymous

   Par`en*chym"a*tous    (?),    Pa*ren"chy*mous    (?),   a.   [Cf.   F.
   parenchymateux.]  Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma
   of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration.

                                   Parenesis

   Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L. paraenesis, Gr. Exhortation. [R.]

                            Parenetic, Parenetioal

   Par`e*net"ic  (?),  Par`e*net"io*al  (?),  a. [Gr. par\'82n\'82tique.]
   Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter.

                                    Parent

   Par"ent (?), n. [L. parens, -entis; akin to parere to bring forth; cf.
   Gr. parent. Cf. Part.]

   1. One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.

     Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1.

   2.  That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness
   is the parent of vice.

     Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Channing.

   Parent  cell.  (Biol.)  See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula. --
   Parent  nucleus  (Biol.),  a nucleus which, in cell division, divides,
   and  gives  rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis, and
   Cell division, under Division.

                                   Parentage

   Par"ent*age  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  parentage relationship.] Descent from
   parents  or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to
   their  rank  or  character;  extraction;  birth;  as,  a  man of noble
   parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage?" Shak.

     Though men esteem thee low of parentage. Milton.

                                   Parental

   Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L. parentalis.]

   1. Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority;
   parental obligations.

   2.  Becoming  to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate;
   devoted; as, parental care.

     The careful course and parental provision of nature. Sir T. Browne.

                                  Parentally

   Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental manner.

                                  Parentation

   Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn
   sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.] Something done or
   said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.] Abp. Potter.

                                   Parentele

   Par"en`tele`   (?),  n.  [F.  parent\'8ale,  L.  parentela.]  Kinship;
   parentage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Parenthesis

   Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Para-, En-,
   2, and Thesis.]

   1.  A  word,  phrase,  or  sentence, by way of comment or explanation,
   inserted  in,  or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically
   complete  without  it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see
   def.  2  below),  or  dashes.  "Seldom  mentioned without a derogatory
   parenthesis." Sir T. Browne.

     Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long
     parenthesis. Watts.

   2.  (Print.)  One  of  the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic
   word or phrase.

     NOTE: &hand; Pa renthesis, in  technical grammar, is that part of a
     sentence  which  is  inclosed  within the recognized sign; but many
     phrases  and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically
     parenthetical.  In  def.  1,  the  phrase  "by  way  of  comment or
     explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be
     grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid
     using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from
     a less conspicuous separation.

                                 Parenthesize

   Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To make a parenthesis of; to include within
   parenthetical marks. Lowell.

                          Parenthetic, Patenthetical

   Par`en*thet"ic (?), Pat`en*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. Gr.

   1.  Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or
   as  in,  a  parenthesis;  as,  a  parenthetical  clause; a parenthetic
   remark.

     A parenthetical observation of Moses himself. Hales.

   2. Using or containing parentheses.

                                Parenthetically

   Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly,  adv.  In  a  parenthetical  manner;  by  way of
   parenthesis; by parentheses.

                                  Parenthood

   Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state of a parent; the office or character of
   a parent.

                                 Parentticide

   Pa*rent"ti*cide  (?),  n. [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent +
   caedere to kill.]

   1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.]

   2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.]

                                  Parentless

   Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived of parents.

                                 Parepididymis

   Par*ep`i*did"y*mis  (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.) A
   small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis
   in  man  and  some  other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the
   anterior part of the Wolffian body.

                                     Parer

   Par"er  (?),  n.  [From Pare, v. t.] One who, or that which, pares; an
   instrument for paring.

                                   Parergon

   Pa*rer"gon (?), n. [L.] See Parergy.

                                    Parergy

   Par"er*gy (?), n. [L. parergon, Gr. Something unimportant, incidental,
   or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                    Paresis

   Par"e*sis   (?),  n.  [NL.,  from  Gr.  (Med.)  Incomplete  paralysis,
   affecting motion but not sensation.

                                  Parethmoid

   Par*eth"moid  (?),  a. [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) Near or beside
   the  ethmoid  bone  or  cartilage;  -- applied especially to a pair of
   bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in
   some higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone.

                                    Paretic

   Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.

                                    Parfay

   Par*fay"  (?),  interj.  [Par  +  fay.]  By  my  faith; verily. [Obs.]
   Chaucer.

                                    Parfit

   Par"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Parfitly

   Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                               Parforn, Parfourn

   Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn" (?), v. t. To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers
   Plowman.

                                   Pargasite

   Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.) A dark
   green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.

                                  Pargeboard

   Parge"board` (?), n. See Bargeboard.

                                    Parget

   Par"get (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.]
   [OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.]

   1.  To  coat  with  parget;  to  plaster, as walls, or the interior of
   flues; as, to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert.

     The pargeted ceiling with pendants. R. L. Stevenson.

   2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.]

                                    Parget

   Par"get, v. i.

   1. To lay on plaster.

   2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

                                    Parget

   Par"get, n.

   1. Gypsum or plaster stone.

   2.  Plaster,  as  for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork.
   Knight.

   3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton.

                                   Pargeter

   Par"get*er (?), n. A plasterer. Johnson.

                                   Pargeting

   Par"get*ing,  n.  [Written  also pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A
   kind  of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly
   used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern
   architecture,  the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give
   a smooth surface and help the draught.

                                   Pargetory

   Par"get*o*ry  (?),  n.  Something made of, or covered with, parget, or
   plaster. [Obs.] Milton.

                                   Parhelic

   Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parhelia.

                                   Parhelion

   Par*hel"ion  (?),  n.;  pl. Parhelia (#). [L. parelion, Gr. A mock sun
   appearing  in  the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and
   tinged  with  colors  like  the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the
   sun.  The  latter  is  usually called an anthelion. Often several mock
   suns appear at the same time. Cf. Paraselene.

                                   Parhelium

   Par*he"li*um (?), n. See Parhelion.

                                     Pari-

   Par"i- (?). [L. par, paris, equal.] A combining form signifying equal;
   as, paridigitate, paripinnate.

                                    Pariah

   Pa"ri*ah  (?),  n.  [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low
   caste,  fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain
   festivals.]

   1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four
   castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs
   of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

   2. An outcast; one despised by society.
   Pariah  dog  (Zo\'94l.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as
   scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zo\'94l.), a species of
   kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India.

                                    Parial

   Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair royal, under Pair, n.

                                    Parian

   Pa"ri*an  (?), a. [L. Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in
   the  \'92gean  Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian
   marble.  Parian  chronicle,  a  most  ancient chronicle of the city of
   Athens,  engraved  on  marble  in  the  Isle  of  Paros, now among the
   Arundelian marbles.

                                    Parian

   Pa"ri*an, n.

   1. A native or inhabitant of Paros.

   2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are
   made statuettes, ornaments, etc.

                                 Paridigitata

   Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta   (?),   n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Pari-,  and  Digitate.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Artiodactyla.

                                 Parjdigitate

   Par`j*dig"i*tate (?), a. (Anat.) Having an evennumber of digits on the
   hands or the feet. Qwen.

                                    Paries

   Pa"ri*es  (?),  n.;  pl.  Parietes (#). [See Parietes.] (Zo\'94l.) The
   triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.

                                   Parietal

   Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf. F.
   pari\'82tal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.]

   1.  Of  or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the
   care of them.

   2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.

     At  Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls
     constitute  a  permanent  standing  committee,  called the Parietal
     Committee. B. H. Hall (1856).

   3.  (Anat.)  (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to,
   or  in  the  region  of,  the parietal bones, which form the upper and
   middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.

   4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis;
   -- said of a placenta.

                                   Parietal

   Pa*ri"e*tal, n.

   1. (Anat.) One of the parietal bones.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back
   of the head in certain reptiles and fishes.

                                   Parietary

   Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See Parietal, 2.

                                   Parietary

   Pa*ri"e*ta*ry,  n.  [L.  parietaria,  fr.  parietarius  parietal.  Cf.
   Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.) Any one of several species of Parietaria.
   See 1st Pellitory.

                                   Parietes

   Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L. paries a wall.]

   1.  (Anat.)  The  walls  of  a  cavity  or an organ; as, the abdominal
   parietes; the parietes of the cranium.

   2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.

                                   Parietic

   Pa`ri*et"ic  (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
   found  in  the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic
   acid.

                                   Parietine

   Pa*ri"e*tine  (?),  n.  [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined
   walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton.

                                   Parieto-

   Pa*ri"e*to-  (.  (Anat.)  A combining form used to indicate connection
   with,  or  relation  to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of
   the skull; as, the parieto-mastoid suture.

                                   Parigenin

   Pa*rig"e*nin  (?),  n.  [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A curdy white
   substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.

                                   Parillin

   Pa*ril"lin  (?), n. [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A glucoside
   resembling  saponin,  found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc.,
   and  extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also
   smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin.

                                    Paring

   Par"ing (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.]

   1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.

   2. That which is pared off. Pope.

     Pare  off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your
     hills. Mortimer.

                                  Paripinnate

   Par`i*pin"nate (?), a. [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with an equal
   number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.

                                     Paris

   Par"is  (?),  n. [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.) A plant common
   in  Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used
   as a narcotic.

     NOTE: &hand; It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has
     usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.

                                     Paris

   Par"is,  n. The chief city of France. Paris green. See under Green, n.
   --  Paris  white  (Chem.),  purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting;
   Spanish white.

                                    Parish

   Par"ish  (?),  n.  [OE.  parishe,  paresche,  parosche,  OF. paroisse,
   parosse,  paroiche,  F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia,
   Gr. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.]

   1.  (Eccl.  &  Eng.  Law)  (a) That circuit of ground committed to the
   charge  of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls
   therein.   Cowell.   (b)  The  same  district,  constituting  a  civil
   jurisdiction,  with  its own officers and regulations, as respects the
   poor, taxes, etc.

     NOTE: &hand; Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under
     various  parliamentary  acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts
     for spiritual purposes.

   Mozley & W.

   2.  An  ecclesiastical  society,  usually  not  bounded by territorial
   limits,  but  composed  of those persons who choose to unite under the
   charge  of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely,
   the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.]

   3.  In  Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other
   States.

                                    Parish

   Par"ish,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to a parish; parochial; as, a parish
   church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as,
   parish  poor. Dryden. Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer
   of  a  parish.  (b)  A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise
   assists  in  the service of the Church of England. -- Parish court, in
   Louisiana, a court in each parish.

                                   Parishen

   Par"ish*en (?), n. A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Parishional

   Pa*rish"ion*al  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.]
   Bp. Hall.

                                  Parishioner

   Pa*rish"ion*er  (?),  n.  [F.  paroissien,  LL.  parochianus.] One who
   belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.

                                   Parisian

   Pa*ri"sian  (?), n. [Cf. F. parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris,
   the capital of France.

                                   Parisian

   Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to Paris.

                                  Parisienne

   Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n. [F.] A female native or resident of Paris.

                                  Parisology

   Par`i*sol"o*gy  (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The use of equivocal or ambiguous
   words. [R.]

                         Parisyllabic, Parisyllabical

   Par`i*syl*lab"ic  (?),  Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Pari- + syllabic,
   -ical:  cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same number of syllables in
   all its inflections.

                                    Paritor

   Par"i*tor  (?),  n.  [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant,
   attendant.] An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden.

                                   Paritory

   Par"i*to*ry (?), n. Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Parity

   Par"i*ty (?), n. [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. parit\'82.
   See  Pair,  Peer an equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or
   equivalent;  A  like  state or degree; equality; close correspondence;
   analogy;  as,  parity  of  reasoning.  "No  parity  of  principle." De
   Quincey.

     Equality of length and parity of numeration. Sir T. Browne.

                                     Park

   Park  (?), n. [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being of
   the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W. park,
   parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.]

   1.  (Eng.  Law)  A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of
   the  chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant.
   Mozley & W.

   2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a
   residence,  as  for  the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or
   the like. Chaucer.

     While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and
     forget to fear. Waller.

   3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for
   ornament  and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New
   York.

   4.  (Mil.)  A  space  occupied  by  the animals, wagons, pontoons, and
   materials  of  all  kinds,  as  ammunition,  ordnance stores, hospital
   stores,  provisions,  etc.,  when  brought together; also, the objects
   themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery.

   5.  A  partially  inclosed  basin in which oysters are grown. [Written
   also parc.]
   Park  of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low
   carriage, for use in parks.

                                     Park

   Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.]

   1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park.

     How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. Shak.

   2.  (Mil.)  To  bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park
   the artillery, the wagons, etc.

                                    Parker

   Park"er (?), n, The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale.

                                   Parkeria

   Par*ke"ri*a  (?),  n.  [NL.  So  named  from  W.  K. Parker, a British
   zo\'94logist.]   (Zo\'94l.)   A   genus  of  large  arenaceous  fossil
   Foraminifera  found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular,
   or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.
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   Page 1044

                                   Parkesine

   Parkes"ine  (?),  n.  [So  called  from  Mr.  Parkes, the inventor.] A
   compound,  originally  made  from gun cotton and castor oil, but later
   from  different  materials,  and  used  as a substitute for vulcanized
   India rubber and for ivory; -- called also xylotile.

                                  Parkleaves

   Park"leaves`  (?),  n. (Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort;
   the tutsan. See Tutsan.

                                   Parlance

   Par"lance  (?),  n.  [OF.,  fr.  F.  parler  to  speak.  See  Parley.]
   Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal parlance;
   in common parlance.

     A hate of gossip parlance and of sway. Tennyson.

                              Parlando, Parlante

   Par*lan"do  (?), Par*lan"te (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Speaking; in a
   speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style of a
   recitative.

                                     Parle

   Parle  (?),  v.  i.  [F. parler. See Parley.] To talk; to converse; to
   parley. [Obs.] Shak.

     Finding himself too weak, began to parle. Milton.

                                     Parle

   Parle, n. Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.]

     They ended parle, and both addressed for fight. Milton.

                                    Parley

   Par"ley  (?), n.; pl. Parleys (#). [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler
   to  speak,  LL.  parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in
   LL.,  a  word.  See  Parable,  and  cf.  Parliament,  Parlor.]  Mutual
   discourse  or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with
   an enemy, as with regard to a truce.

     We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain. Dryden.

   To  beat  a  parley  (Mil.),  to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a
   signal for holding a conference with the enemy.

                                    Parley

   Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.]
   To  speak  with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to
   discuss  orally;  hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy;
   to  treat  with  him  by  words,  as  on  an exchange of prisoners, an
   armistice, or terms of peace.

     They are at hand, To parley or to fight; therefore prepare. Shak.

                                  Parliament

   Par"lia*ment  (?),  n.  [OE.  parlement,  F.  parlement, fr. parler to
   speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.]

   1. A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [Obs.]

     But first they held their parliament. Rom. of R.

   2.  A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an
   assembly  of representatives of a nation or people having authority to
   make laws.

     They  made  request  that  it  might be lawful for them to summon a
     parliament of Gauls. Golding.

   3.  The  assembly  of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great
   Britain  and  Ireland,  viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and
   the  representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and
   the  House  of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by
   the  royal  authority  to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to
   enact and repeal laws.

     NOTE: &hand; Th ought th e so vereign is  a  constituting branch of
     Parliament,  the word is generally used to denote the three estates
     named above.

   4.  In  France,  before  the  Revolution  of  1789, one of the several
   principal judicial courts.
   Parliament  heel,  the  inclination  of  a ship when made to careen by
   shifting  her  cargo  or ballast. -- Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge
   with  so  great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door
   or  shutter  to  swing back flat against the wall. -- Long Parliament,
   Rump Parliament. See under Long, and Rump.

                                 Parliamental

   Par`lia*men"tal (?), a. Parliamentary. [Obs.]

                                Parliamentarian

   Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood.

                                Parliamentarian

   Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n.

   1.  (Eng.  Hist.)  One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to
   King Charles I. Walpole.

   2.  One  versed  in  the  rules  and  usages  of Parliament or similar
   deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian.

                                Parliamentarily

   Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a parliamentary manner.

                                 Parliamentary

   Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. parlementaire.]

   1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority. Bacon.

   2.  Enacted  or  done  by  Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M.
   Hale.

   3.  According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative
   bodies; as, a parliamentary motion.
   Parliamentary  agent,  a  person,  usually a solicitor, professionally
   employed  by  private  parties to explain and recommend claims, bills,
   etc.,  under  consideration  of  Parliament.  [Eng.]  -- Parliamentary
   train,  one  of  the  trains  which,  by  act  of  Parliament, railway
   companies  are  required  to  run  for  the  conveyance of third-class
   passengers at a reduced rate. [Eng.]

                                    Parlor

   Par"lor (?), n. [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium. See
   Parley.]  [Written  also  parlour.]  A  room  for  business  or social
   conversation,  for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The
   apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to
   meet  and  converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from
   without.  Piers  Plowman.  (b) In large private houses, a sitting room
   for the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses
   than  the  drawing-room.  Esp.,  in modern times, the dining room of a
   house  having  few  apartments,  as  a  London house, where the dining
   parlor  is  usually  on  the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United
   States,  a  drawing-room,  or the room where visitors are received and
   entertained.

     NOTE: &hand; "I n En gland people who have a drawing-room no longer
     call it a parlor, as they called it of old and till recently."

   Fitzed. Hall. Parior car. See Palace car, under Car.

                                    Parlous

   Par"lous (?), a. [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.]

   1.  Attended  with peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A
   parlous snuffing." Beau. & Fl.

   2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy." Shak.
   "A parlous wit." Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness,
   n. [Obs.]

                                   Parmesan

   Par`me*san" (?), a. [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or pertaining to
   Parma  in  Italy.  Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor,
   though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.

                                   Parnassia

   Par*nas"si*a  (?),  n.  [NL.]  (Bot.)  A genus of herbs growing in wet
   places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus.

                                  Parnassian

   Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L. Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to Parnassus.

                                  Parnassian

   Par*nas"sian,  n.  [See  Parnassus.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  one of numerous
   species of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius. They inhabit
   the mountains, both in the Old World and in America.

                                   Parnassus

   Par*nas"sus  (?),  n. [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A mountain
   in  Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of
   Apollo  and  for  the Castalian spring. Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See
   under  Grass,  and  Parnassia. -- To climb Parnassus, to write poetry.
   [Colloq.]

                                 Paroccipital

   Par`oc*cip"i*tal  (?),  a. [Pref. para- + occipital.] (Anat.) Situated
   near   or   beside  the  occipital  condyle  or  the  occipital  bone;
   paramastoid;  --  applied especially to a process of the skull in some
   animals.

                                   Parochial

   Pa*ro"chi*al  (?), a. [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See Parish.]
   Of  or  pertaining  to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial
   duties.  "Parochial  pastors."  Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow.
   "The parochial mind." W. Black.

                                 Parochialism

   Pa*ro"chi*al*ism  (?),  n.  The quality or state of being parochial in
   form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.

                                 Parochiality

   Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty  (?),  n.  The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J.
   Marriot.

                                 Parochialize

   Pa*ro"chi*al*ize  (?),  v.  t.  To  render  parochial;  to  form  into
   parishes.

                                  Parochially

   Pa*ro"chi*al*ly,  adv.  In  a  parochial  manner; by the parish, or by
   parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet.

                                   Parochian

   Pa*ro"chi*an  (?),  a. [See Parochial, Parishioner.] Parochial. [Obs.]
   "Parochian churches." Bacon.

                                   Parochian

   Pa*ro"chi*an,   n.   [LL.  parochianus.]  A  parishioner.  [Obs.]  Ld.
   Burleigh.

                              Parodic, Parodical

   Pa*rod"ic  (?),  Pa*rod"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Gr.  parodique.]  Having the
   character of parody.

     Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical. T. Warton.

                                   Parodist

   Par"o*dist  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one
   who parodies. Coleridge.

                                    Parody

   Par"o*dy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Parodies  (#). [L. parodia, Gr. parodie. See
   Para-, and Ode.]

   1.  A  writing  in  which  the  language  or sentiment of an author is
   mimicked;  especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is
   written  on  one  subject is altered, and applied to another by way of
   burlesque; travesty.

     The  lively  parody  which  he  wrote  .  . . on Dryden's "Hind and
     Panther" was received with great applause. Macaulay.

   2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.]

                                    Parody

   Par"o*dy,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Parodied  (?);  p.  pr.  & vb. n.
   Parodying.] [Cf. F. parodier.] To write a parody upon; to burlesque.

     I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace. Pope.

                                    Paroket

   Par"o*ket` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet.

                                     Parol

   Pa*rol" (?), n. [See Parole, the same word.]

   1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

   2.  (Law)  Oral  declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under
   seal. Blackstone.

                                     Parol

   Pa*rol",  a.  Given  or  done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a
   writing  not  under  seal;  as, parol evidence. Parol arrest (Law), an
   arrest  in  pursuance  of  a  verbal order from a magistrate. -- Parol
   contract (Law), any contract not of record or under seal, whether oral
   or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story.

                                    Parole

   Pa*role" (?), n. [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.]

   1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

   2.  Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.),
   promise,  upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as
   not  to  bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the
   like.

     This man had forfeited his military parole. Macaulay.

   3.   (Mil.)   A  watchword  given  only  to  officers  of  guards;  --
   distinguished from countersign, which is given to all guards.

   4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2.

                                    Parole

   Pa*role", a. See 2d Parol.

                                    Parole

   Pa*role",  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.]
   (Mil.) To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners.

                                  Paromology

   Par`o*mol"o*gy  (?),  n. [Gr. fr. Homologous.] (Rhet.) A concession to
   an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument.

                                  Paronomasia

   Par`o*no*ma"si*a  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A play upon words; a
   figure  by  which  the same word is used in different senses, or words
   similar  in  sound  are set in opposition to each other, so as to give
   antithetical force to the sentence; punning. Dryden.

                         Paronomastic, Paronomastical

   Par`o*no*mas"tic  (?), Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
   paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words.

                                  Paronomasy

   Par`o*nom"a*sy  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  paronomasie.] Paronomasia. [R.] B.
   Jonson.

                                  Paronychia

   Par`o*nych"i*a  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr.  (Med.)  A whitlow, or felon.
   Quincy.

                                    Paronym

   Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.]

                                  Paronymous

   Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr.

   1. Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of
   certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc.

   2.  Having  a  similar  sound, but different orthography and different
   meaning; -- said of certain words, as al and awl; hair and hare, etc. 

                                   Paronymy

   Pa*ron"y*my,  n.  The  quality  of  being paronymous; also, the use of
   paronymous words.

                                Paro\'94phoron

   Par`o*\'94ph"o*ron  (?),  n.  [NL.,  from Gr. Para-) + (Anat.) A small
   mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with
   the parepididymis of the male.

                                   Paroquet

   Par"o*quet`  (?), n. [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob. orig.
   meaning,  little  Peter.  See  Parrot.]  (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.
   [Written  also  paroket,  parroquet,  and  perroquet.] Paroquet auk OR
   auklet (Zo\'94l.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus) inhabiting
   the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under
   parts white, bill orange red. Called also perroquet auk.

                                   Parorchis

   Pa*ror"chis  (?),  n. [NL. See Para-, and Orchis.] (Anat.) The part of
   the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of the
   testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body.

                                   Parosteal

   Pa*ros"te*al  (?),  (Physiol.)  Of  or  pertaining  to parostosis; as,
   parosteal ossification.

                                  Parostosis

   Par`os*to"sis  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Para-,  and  Ostosis.]  (Physiol.)
   Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the formation
   of bone outside of the periosteum.

                                  Parostotic

   Par`os*tot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to parostosis.

                                    Parotic

   Pa*rot"ic  (?),  a. [See Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of the auditory
   capsule;  near  the external ear. Parotic region (Zo\'94l.), the space
   around the ears.

                                    Parotid

   Pa*rot"id  (?),  a.  [L.  parotis,  -idis, Gr. parotide. ] (Anat.) (a)
   Situated  near  the  ear;  -- applied especially to the salivary gland
   near  the ear. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid
   gland. Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just
   in front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands
   in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the
   second molar of the upper jaw.

                                    Parotid

   Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The parotid gland.

                                   Parotitis

   Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation
   of the parotid glands. Epidemic, OR Infectious, parotitis, mumps.

                                   Parotoid

   Par"o*toid  (?),  a.  [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the parotid
   gland;  --  applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above
   the ear in many toads and frogs. -- n. A parotoid gland.

                                   Parousia

   Pa*rou"si*a  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. Parusia.] (a) The nativity of our
   Lord. (b) The last day. Shipley.

                                  Parovarium

   Par`o*va"ri*um  (?),  n. [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.) A group
   of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary
   or oviduct; the epo\'94phoron.

                                   Paroxysm

   Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F. paroxysme, Gr.

   1.  (Med.)  The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs
   at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot.

   2.  Any  sudden  and  violent  emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a
   convulsion; a fit.

     The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair. South.

                                  Paroxysmal

   Par`ox*ys"mal  (?),  a.  Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or
   accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper. --
   Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv.

                                  Paroxytone

   Par*ox"y*tone  (?),  n. [Gr. a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.) A
   word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.

                                    Parquet

   Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See Parquetry.]

   1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the
   orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater,
   from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.

   2. Same as Parquetry.

                                  Parquetage

   Par"quet*age (?), n. See Parquetry.

                                   Parqueted

   Par"quet*ed,  a.  Formed  in  parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and
   differently colored figures.

     One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well. Evelyn.

                                   Parquetry

   Par"quet*ry  (?), n. [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring, fr.
   parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.] A species of joinery or
   cabinet-work  consisting  of  an inlay of geometric or other patterns,
   generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors.

                                   Parquette

   Par*quette" (?), n. See Parquet.

                                     Parr

   Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young
   salmon  in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also
   samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret.
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   Page 1045

                              Parrakeet, Parakeet

   Par"ra*keet`  (?),  Par"a*keet`, n. [See Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one
   of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is
   frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet.

     NOTE: &hand; Ma ny of  the Asiatic and Australian species belong to
     the  genus  Paleornis;  others  belong  to  Polytelis, Platycercus,
     Psephotus,  Euphema,  and  allied  genera.  The American parrakeets
     mostly  belong  to the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C.
     Carolinensis).

                                Parral, Parrel

   Par"ral (?), Par"rel (?), n. [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.]

   1.  (Naut.)  The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the
   mast  in  such  a  way  that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure.
   Totten.

   2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell.

                                   Parraqua

   Par*ra"qua (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied
   to the guan.

                                   Parrhesia

   Par*rhe"si*a  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of
   speech.

                                  Parricidal

   Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See Parricide.]
   Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.

                                   Parricide

   Par"ri*cide  (?),  n. [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere to
   kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]

   1.  Properly,  one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one
   who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.

   2. [L. parricidium.] The act or crime of murdering one's own father or
   any ancestor.

                                 Parricidious

   Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a. Parricidal. [Obs.]

                                    Parrock

   Par"rock  (?),  n. [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.] A croft, or small
   field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Parrot

   Par"rot  (?),  n.  [Prob.  fr.  F.  Pierrot,  dim. of Pierre Peter. F.
   pierrot  is  also  the  name  of  the  sparrow.  Cf. Paroquet, Petrel,
   Petrify.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other
   genera   of  the  family  Psittacid\'91,  as  distinguished  from  the
   parrakeets,  macaws,  and  lories.  They  have a short rounded or even
   tail,  and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako
   (P.  erithacus)  of  Africa  (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or
   green,  parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as
   cage  birds,  readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and
   phrases.
   Carolina  parrot (Zo\'94l.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. --
   Night  parrot,  OR  Owl parrot. (Zo\'94l.) See Kakapo. -- Parrot coal,
   cannel  coal;  -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it
   makes  in  burning.  [Eng.  &  Scot.]  --  Parrot  green.  (Chem.) See
   Scheele's   green,   under   Green,   n.  --  Parrot  weed  (Bot.),  a
   suffrutescent  plant (Bocconia frutescens) of the Poppy family, native
   of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid
   leaves,  and  small,  panicled,  apetalous  flowers. -- Parrot wrasse,
   Parrot  fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish of the genus Scarus. One species (S.
   Cretensis),  found  in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and
   was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.

                                    Parrot

   Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a parrot.

                                    Parrot

   Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a parrot.

                                   Parroter

   Par"rot*er  (?),  n. One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J.
   S. Mill.

                                   Parrotry

   Par"rot*ry  (?),  n.  Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge.
   "The supine parrotry." Fitzed. Hall.

                                 Parrot's-bill

   Par"rot's-bill`  (?), n. [So called from the resemblance of its curved
   superior  petal  to  a parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See under
   Glory.

                                     Parry

   Par"ry  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Parried  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Parrying.] [F. par\'82, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.]

   1.  To  ward  off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a
   blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke.

     Vice  parries  wide  The  undreaded  volley  with a sword of straw.
     Cowper.

   2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.

     The  French  government  has  parried the payment of our claims. E.
     Everett.

                                     Parry

   Par"ry,  v. i. To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow,
   argument, etc. Locke.

                                     Parry

   Par"ry,  n.;  pl.  Parries (. A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in
   sword  and  bayonet  exercises  or  in  boxing; hence, figuratively, a
   defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter.

                                     Parse

   Parse  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.]
   [L.  pars  a  part;  pars  orationis  a  part of speech. See Part, n.]
   (Gram.)  To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the
   several  parts  of  speech,  and  their  relation  to  each  other  by
   government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically.

     Let  him  construe  the  letter  into  English,  and  parse it over
     perfectly. Ascham.

                                    Parsee

   Par"see  (?),  n.  [Hind.  & Per. p\'bers\'c6 a Persian, a follower of
   Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.]

   1.  One  of  the  adherents  of  the  Zoroastrian  or  ancient Persian
   religion,  descended  from  Persian  refugees settled in India; a fire
   worshiper; a Gheber.

   2.  The  Iranian  dialect  of  much of the religious literature of the
   Parsees.

                                   Parseeism

   Par"see*ism (?), n. The religion and customs of the Parsees.

                                    Parser

   Pars"er (?), n. One who parses.

                                 Parsimonious

   Par`si*mo"ni*ous   (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  parcimonieux.  See  Parsimony.]
   Exhibiting  parsimony;  sparing  in  expenditure  of  money; frugal to
   excess;  penurious; niggardly; stingy. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
   Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

     A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious. Bacon.

     Extraordinary  funds  for  one campaign may spare us the expense of
     many  years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more
     men and money. Addison.

   Syn.  -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean;
   stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.

                                   Parsimony

   Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to spare,
   parsus  sparing:  cf.  F. parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in the
   expenditure   of  money;  --  generally  in  a  bad  sense;  excessive
   frugality; niggardliness. Bacon.

     Awful parsimony presided generally at the table. Thackeray.

   Syn.  --  Economy;  frugality;  illiberality; covetousness; closeness;
   stinginess. See Economy.

                                    Parsley

   Pars"ley (?), n. [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum rock
   parsley,  Gr.  Celery.]  (Bot.)  An aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum
   Petroselinum),  having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery
   and as a garnish.

     As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit. Shak.

   Fool's  parsley. See under Fool. -- Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone
   parsley,  names  given  to  various weeds of similar appearance to the
   parsley.  --  Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling
   parsley  (Cryptogramme  crispa). -- Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb
   (Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for calculus.

                                    Parsnip

   Pars"nip  (?), n. [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L. pastinaca;
   cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF. pastenade,
   pastenaque.] (Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the
   cultivated  form  of  the  Pastinaca  sativa, a biennial umbelliferous
   plant  which  is  very  poisonous  in  its wild state; also, the plant
   itself.  Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. -- Meadow parsnip, the European
   cow  parsnip.  --  Poison  parsnip,  the wild stock of the parsnip. --
   Water  parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the species
   of which are poisonous.

                                    Parson

   Par"son  (?), n. [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne
   person,  LL.  persona  (sc.  ecclesiae),  fr. L. persona a person. See
   Person.]

   1.  (Eng.  Eccl.  Law)  A  person  who  represents  a  parish  in  its
   ecclesiastical   and   corporate  capacities;  hence,  the  rector  or
   incumbent  of  a  parochial church, who has full possession of all the
   rights thereof, with the cure of souls.

   2.  Any  clergyman  having  ecclesiastical  preferment;  one who is in
   orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.

     He hears the parson pray and preach. Longfellow.

   Parson   bird   (Zo\'94l.),   a   New   Zealand   bird  (Prosthemadera
   Nov\'91seelandi\'91)  remarkable  for  its  powers  of mimicry and its
   ability to articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious
   tuft  of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is
   often kept as a cage bird.

                                   Parsonage

   Par"son*age (?), n.

   1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings,
   for the maintenance of the parson of a parish.

   2.  The  glebe  and  house,  or  the  house only, owned by a parish or
   ecclesiastical  society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of
   the incumbent or settled pastor.

   3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.]

     What  have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage,
     for? Sir W. Scott.

                                   Parsoned

   Par"soned (?), a. Furnished with a parson.

                             Parsonic, Parsonical

   Par*son"ic  (?),  Par*son"ic*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parson;
   clerical.

     Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart. Colman.

   -- Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                   Parsonish

   Par"son*ish  (?),  a.  Appropriate  to,  or like, a parson; -- used in
   disparagement. [Colloq.]

                                     Part

   Part  (?),  n.  [F.  part,  L.  pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring
   forth, produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.]

   1.  One  of  the  portions,  equal  or unequal, into which anything is
   divided,  or  regarded  as  divided;  something  less  than a whole; a
   number,  quantity,  mass,  or  the like, regarded as going to make up,
   with  others,  a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually
   separate  or  not;  a  piece;  a  fragment;  a fraction; a division; a
   member; a constituent.

     And  kept  back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part
     and laid it at the apostles'feet. Acts v. 2.

     Our  ideas  of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret
     relation of the parts ? Locke.

     I am a part of all that I have met. Tennyson.

   2.  Hence,  specifically:  (a)  An  equal  constituent portion; one of
   several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is
   divided,  or  of  which  it  is  composed;  proportional  division  or
   ingredient.

     An homer is the tenth part of an ephah. Ex. xvi. 36.

     A  thought  which,  quartered,  hath  but one part wisdom, And ever
     three parts coward. Shak.

   (b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an
   organ; an essential element.

     All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body. Locke.

     The pulse, the glow of every part. Keble.

   (c)  A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent;
   -- usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of considerable
   parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay.

     Which  maintained  so  politic  a state of evil, that they will not
     admit any good part to intermingle with them. Shak.

   (d)  Quarter;  region;  district;  --  usually  in  the  plural.  "The
   uttermost part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9.

     All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears. Dryden.

   (e)  (Math.)  Such  portion  of  any quantity, as when taken a certain
   number  of  times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of
   12;  --  the  opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a
   geometrical figure.

   3.  That  which  belongs  to one, or which is assumed by one, or which
   falls  to  one,  in  a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot;
   interest; concern; duty; office.

     We have no part in David. 2 Sam. xx. 1.

     Accuse  not  Nature!  she  hath  done  her part; Do thou but thine.
     Milton.

     Let me bear My part of danger with an equal share. Dryden.

   4.  Hence, specifically: (a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a
   conflict or a controversy; a faction.

     For he that is not against us is on our part. Mark ix. 40.

     Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part. Waller.

   (b)  A  particular  character  in  a  drama  or  a  play;  an  assumed
   personification;  also,  the  language,  actions,  and  influence of a
   character  or  an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See
   To act a part, under Act.

     That part Was aptly fitted and naturally performed. Shak.

     It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf. Shak.

     Honor  and  shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there
     all the honor lies. Pope.

   (c)  (Mus.)  One of the different melodies of a concerted composition,
   which  heard  in  union  compose its harmony; also, the music for each
   voice  or  instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin
   part,  etc.  For  my part, so far as concerns me; for my share. -- For
   the  most  part.  See  under  Most,  a. -- In good part, as well done;
   favorably;  acceptably;  in  a  friendly  manner. Hooker. In ill part,
   unfavorably;  with displeasure. -- In part, in some degree; partly. --
   Part   and   parcel,   an  essential  or  constituent  portion;  --  a
   reduplicative  phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was
   .  .  .  part  and  parcel  of the race and place." Howitt. -- Part of
   speech  (Gram.),  a  sort or class of words of a particular character;
   thus,  the  noun is a part of speech denoting the name of a thing; the
   verb  is  a part of speech which asserts something of the subject of a
   sentence.  --  Part  owner  (Law), one of several owners or tenants in
   common.  See  Joint  tenant,  under Joint. -- Part singing, singing in
   which  two  or  more  of the harmonic parts are taken. -- Part song, a
   song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. "A part song
   differs  from  a  madrigal  in its exclusion of contrapuntual devices;
   from a glee, in its being sung by many voices, instead of by one only,
   to  each part." Stainer & Barrett. Syn. -- Portion; section; division;
   fraction;  fragment;  piece;  share;  constituent.  See  Portion,  and
   Section.
   
                                     Part
                                       
   Part  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] [F.
   partir,  L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a
   part. See Part, n.] 

   1.  To  divide;  to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or
   more  parts  or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev.
   ii. 6.

     There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues. Keble.

   2.  To  divide  into  shares;  to  divide and distribute; to allot; to
   apportion; to share.

     To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee. Pope.

     They parted my raiment among them. John xix. 24.

   3.  To  separate  or  disunite;  to  cause to go apart; to remove from
   contact or contiguity; to sunder.

     The  Lord  do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee
     and me. Ruth i. 17.

     While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into
     heaven. Luke xxiv. 51.

     The narrow seas that part The French and English. Shak.

   4.  Hence:  To  hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as
   combatants.

     The stumbling night did part our weary powers. Shak.

   5.  To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion;
   as, to part gold from silver.

     The  liver  minds  his  own affair, . . . And parts and strains the
     vital juices. Prior.

   6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.]

     Since presently your souls must part your bodies. Shak.

   To part a cable (Naut.), to break it. -- To part company, to separate,
   as travelers or companions.

                                     Part

   Part, v. i.

   1.  To  be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become
   separated;  to  go  asunder;  as,  rope  parts;  his hair parts in the
   middle.

   2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to
   die; -- often with from.

     He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted. Shak.

     He  owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before.
     Macaulay.

     His precious bag, which he would by no means part from. G. Eliot.

   3.  To  perform  an  act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any
   kind; -- followed by with or from.

     Celia,  for  thy  sake, I part With all that grew so near my heart.
     Waller.

     Powerful  hands . . . will not part Easily from possession won with
     arms. Milton.

     It  was  strange  to him that a father should feel no tenderness at
     parting with an only son. A. Trollope.

   4.  To  have  a  part  or  share;  to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part
   alike." 1 Sam. xxx. 24.

                                     Part

   Part, adv. Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak.

                                   Partable

   Part"a*ble (?), a. See Partible. Camden.

                                    Partage

   Part"age (?), n. [F. See Part, v. & n.]

   1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller.

   2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford.

                                    Partake

   Par*take" (?), v. i. [imp. Partook (?); p. p. Partaken (; p. pr. & vb.
   n. Partaking.] [Part + take.]

   1.  To  take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to
   have  a  share  or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a
   feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke.

     When I against myself with thee partake. Shak.

   2.  To  have  something  of  the  properties, character, or office; --
   usually followed by of.

     The  attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge,
     and partly of an attorney-general. Bacon.
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   Page 1046

                                    Partake

   Par*take" (?), v. t.

   1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.

     Let every one partake the general joy. Driden.

   2.  To  admit  to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to.
   [Obs.] Spencer.

   3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Partaker

   Par*tak"er (?), n.

   1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.

     Partakers of their spiritual things. Rom. xv. 27.

     Wish me partaker in my happiness. Shark.

   2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.]

     Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets. Matt. xxiii. 30.

                                    Partan

   Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zo\'94l.) An edible British
   crab. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Parted

   Part"ed (?), a.

   1. Separated; devided.

   2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

   3.  (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to
   the  midrib,  or  the  base  of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used
   chiefly in composition; as, three-parted, five-parted, etc. Gray.

                                    Parter

   Part"er (?), n. One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney.

                                   Parterre

   Par*terre"  (?),  n. [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground,
   L. terra. See Terrace.]

   1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots,
   in  which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or
   turf for walking on.

   2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]

                                  Partheniad

   Par*the"ni*ad  (?),  n.  [See Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a virgin.
   [Obs.]

                                   Parthenic

   Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheni\'91,
   or sons of unmarried women.

                                Parthenogenesis

   Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.]

   1.  (Biol.)  The  production of new individuals from virgin females by
   means   of  ova  which  have  the  power  of  developing  without  the
   intervention   of   the   male   element;   the   production,  without
   fertilization,  of  cells  capable  of  germination.  It is one of the
   phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.

   2.  (Bot.)  The  production of seed without fertilization, believed to
   occur  through  the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the
   embrionic vesicle.

                                Parthenogenetic

   Par`the*no*ge*net"ic,  a.  (Biol.)  Of, pertaining to, or produced by,
   parthenogenesis;       as,       parthenogenetic       forms.       --
   Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

                               Parthenogenitive

   Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a. (Biol.) Parthenogenetic.

                                 Parthenogeny

   Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis.

                                   Parthenon

   Par"the*non  (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i.
   e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A celebrated marble
   temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric
   order, and has had an important influence on art.

                                   Partenope

   Par*ten"o*pe (?), n. [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr.

   1.  (Gr.  Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in
   despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs.

   2.  One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, descovered by M. de
   Gasparis in 1850.

                                   Parthian

   Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. -- n.
   A native Parthia. Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an enemy when
   retreating  from  him,  as  was  the  custom of the ancient Parthians;
   hence, a parting shot.

                                    Partial

   Par"tial  (?),  a.  [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a
   part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.]

   1.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  affecting,  a  part only; not general or
   universal;  not  total  or  entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon.
   "Partial dissolutions of the earth." T. Burnet.

   2.  Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question,
   more  then  the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not
   be partial.

     Ye have been partial in the law. Mal. ii. 9.

   3.   Having  a  predelection  for;  inclined  to  favor  unreasonably;
   foolishly fond. "A partial parent." Pope.

     Not partial to an ostentatious display. Sir W. Scott.

   4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is
   made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a
   partial petiole.
   Partial  differentials,  Partial  differential  coefficients,  Partial
   differentiation,  etc.  (of  a function of two or more variables), the
   differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the
   function,  upon  the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the
   time constant. -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals
   a  given fraction. -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in
   combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which,
   blending  with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound,
   or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone.
   
                                  Partialism
                                       
   Par"tial*ism  (?),  n. Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine
   of the Partialists. 

                                  Partialist

   Par"tial*ist n.

   1. One who is partial. [R.]

   2.  (Theol.) One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part
   of mankind, that is, for the elect.

                                  Partiality

   Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. partialit\'82.]

   1.  The  quality  or  state of being partial; inclination to favor one
   party,  or  one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of
   mind.

   2.  A  predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others;
   special  taste  or  liking;  as,  a partiality for poetry or painting.
   Roget.

                                  Partialize

   Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To make or be partial. [R.]

                                   Partially

   Par"tial*ly adv.

   1.  In  part;  not  totally;  as,  partially  true;  the sun partially
   eclipsed. Sir T. Browne.

   2.  In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or
   dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak.

                                  Partibility

   Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Partible.] The quality or state of being
   partible;  divisibility;  separability;  as,  the  partibility  of  an
   inherttance.

                                   Partible

   Part"i*ble (?), a. [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr. L.
   pars:   cf.  F.  partible.  See  Part.]  Admitting  of  being  parted;
   divisible;  separable;  susceptible  of severance or partition; as, an
   estate  of  inheritance  may  be  partible. "Make the molds partible."
   Bacon.

                                 Participable

   Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being participated or shared. [R.]
   Norris.

                                  Participant

   Par*tic"i*pant  (?),  a. [L. participans, p.pr. of participare: cf. F.
   participant.  See Participate.] Sharing; participating; having a share
   of part. Bacon.

                                  Participant

   Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a partaker.

     Participants in their . . . mysterious rites. Bp. Warburton.

                                 Participantly

   Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant manner.

                                  Participate

   Par*tic"i*pate  (?),  a.  [L.  participatus,  p.p.  of  participare to
   participate;  pars,  partis,  part  +  capere  to  take. See Part, and
   Capacious.] Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak.

                                  Participate

   Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Participating.]  Tj  have a share in common with others; to take a
   part; to partake; -- followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate
   in a debate. Shak.

     So would he participateof their wants. Hayward.

     Mine may come when men With angels may participate. Milton.

                                  Participate

   Par*tic"i*pate, v. t.

   1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of. [R.]

     Fit to participate all rational delight. Milton.

   2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton.

                                 Participation

   Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F. participation, L. participatio.]

   1.  The  act  or  state  of  participating,  or sharing in common with
   others; as, a participation in joy or sorrows.

     These deities are so by participation. Bp. Stillingfleet.

     What  an  honor,  that  God  should  admit  us  into such a blessed
     participation of himself! Atterbury.

   2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh.

   3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak.

                                 Participative

   Par*tic"i*pa*tive   (?),   a.   [Cf.   F.  participatif.]  Capable  of
   participating.

                                 Participator

   Par*tic"i*pa`tor  (?),  n.  [L.]  One who participates, or shares with
   another; a partaker.

                                  Participial

   Par`ti*cip"i*al  (?),  a.  [L.  participialis:  cf. E. participal. See
   Participle.]  Having,  or  partaking  of,  the  nature  and  use  of a
   participle; formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth.

                                  Participial

   Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial word.

                                Participialize

   Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p Participialized (?); p. pr.
   &  vb.  n.  Participializing.]  To form into, or put in the form of, a
   participle. [R.]

                                 Participially

   Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or manner of a participle.

                                  Participle

   Par"ti*ci*ple  (?),  n.  [F.  participe, L. participium, fr. particeps
   sharing,  participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See
   Participate.]

   1.  (Gram.)  A  part  of  speech partaking of the nature both verb and
   adjective;  a  form  of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun,
   but  taking  the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the
   sentences:  a  letter  is  written;  being  asleep  he  did  not hear;
   exhausted  by  toil  he  will  sleep  soundly,  -- written, being, and
   exhaustedare participles.

     By  a  participle,  [I  understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect.
     Earle.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr  esent pa  rticiples, ca lled al so im perfect, or 
     incomplete, participles, end in -ing. Past participles, called also
     perfect,  or  complete,  participles, for the most part end in -ed,
     -d,  -t,  -en, or -n. A participle when used merely as an attribute
     of  a noun, without reference to time, is called an adjective, or a
     participial adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone;
     the  exhausted  army.  The  verbal noun in -ing has the form of the
     present participle. See Verbal noun, under Verbal, a.

   2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.]

     The  participles  or  confines between plants and living creatures.
     Bacon.

                                   Particle

   Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part: cf.
   F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.]

   1.  A  minute  part  or  portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an
   atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of dust.

     The  small  size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle
     of light. Blackmore.

   2.  Any  very  small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has
   not a particle of patriotism or virtue.

     The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least
     particle to recede. Clarendon.

   3.  (R.  C.  Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b)
   The  smaller  hosts  distributed  in  the  communion of the laity. Bp.
   Fitzpatrick.

   4.  (Gram.) A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition,
   conjunction,  interjection);  or a word that can not be used except in
   compositions;  as,  ward  in  backward,  ly  in lovely. <-- elementary
   particle (Physics) -->

                                 Particolored

   Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as Party-colored.

                                  Particular

   Par*tic"u*lar   (?),   a.   [OE.   particuler,   F.   particulier,  L.
   particularis. See Particle.]

   1.  Relating  to  a  part  or  portion  of anything; concerning a part
   separated  from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole;
   single;   individual;   specific;   as,  the  particular  stars  of  a
   constellation. Shak.

     [/Make]  each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the
     fretful porpentine. Shak.

     Seken  in  every  halk  and  every herne Particular sciences for to
     lerne. Chaucer.

   2.  Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to
   one   only;  not  general;  not  common;  hence,  personal;  peculiar;
   singular. "Thine own particular wrongs." Shak.

     Wheresoever  one  plant  draweth such a particular juice out of the
     earth. Bacon.

   3.  Separate  or  distinct  by  reason  of superiority; distinguished;
   important;  noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular
   news; she was the particular belle of the party.

   4.  Concerned  with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial;
   precise;  as,  a  full  and  particular account of an accident; hence,
   nice; fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress.

   5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate,
   or  one  precedent to an estate in remainder. (b) Holding a particular
   estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone.

   6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension;
   affirmed  or  denied  of  a  part  of  a  subject;  as,  a  particular
   proposition;  --  opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative)
   Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise.
   Particular average. See under Average. -- Particular Baptist, one of a
   branch  of  the  Baptist  denomination  the  members of which hold the
   doctrine  of  a  particular or individual election and reprobation. --
   Particular  lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some
   charge  or  claim  growing  out of, or connected with, that particular
   thing.  --  Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act,
   and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the
   human  race.  See  Calvinism.  Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective;
   appropriate;  peculiar;  especial; exact; specific; precise; critical;
   circumstantial. See Minute.

                                  Particular

   Par*tic"u*lar (?), n.

   1.  A  separate  or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an
   individual  fact,  point,  circumstance, detail, or item, which may be
   considered separately; as, the particulars of a story.

     Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal. Bacon.

     It  is  the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of
     the community. L'Estrange.

   2.   Special   or   personal   peculiarity,   trait,   or   character;
   individuality; interest, etc. [Obs.]

     For his particular I'll receive him gladly. Shak.

     If the particulars of each person be considered. Milton.

     Temporal  blessings,  whether  such  as concern the public . . . or
     such as concern our particular. Whole Duty of Man.

   3.  (Law)  One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually
   in  the  pl.;  also,  a  bill  of particulars; a minute account; as, a
   particular of premises.

     The  reader  has  a  particular  of  the books wherein this law was
     written. Ayliffe.

   Bill  of  particulars.  See  under  Bill. -- In particular, specially;
   peculiarly. "This, in particular, happens to the lungs." Blackmore. --
   To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or minutely.

                                 Particularism

   Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. particularisme.]

   1. A minute description; a detailed statement. [R.]

   2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular election.

   3. (German Politics) Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or
   province rather than to those of the empire.

                                 Particularist

   Par*tic"u*lar*ist,  n.  [Cf.  F.  particulariste.]  One  who  holds to
   particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a.

                                 Particularity

   Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty   (?),   n.;   pl.  Particularities  (#).  [Cf.  F.
   particularit\'82.]

   1.   The  state  or  quality  of  being  particular;  distinctiveness;
   circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.

   2.  That  which  is  particular;  as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual
   characteristic;   peculiarity.   "An   old  heathen  altar  with  this
   particularity."  Addison.  (b)  Special  circumstance;  minute detail;
   particular.  "Even  descending to particularities." Sir P. Sidney. (c)
   Something of special or private concern or interest.

     Let  the  general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty
     sounds To cease! Shak

   .

                               Particularization

   Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of particularizing. Coleridge.

                                 Particularize

   Par*tic"u*lar*ize  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized (?); p. pr.
   &  vb.  n. Particularizing (?).] [Cf. F. particulariser.] To give as a
   particular,  or  as  the particulars; to mention particularly; to give
   the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.

     He   not  only  boasts  of  his  parentage  as  an  Israelite,  but
     particularizes his descent from Benjamin. Atterbury.

                                 Particularize

   Par*tic"u*lar*ize,  v. i. To mention or attend to particulars; to give
   minute  details;  to  be  circumstantial;  as,  to  particularize in a
   narrative.

                                 Particularly

   Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

   1.  In  a  particular  manner; expressly; with a specific reference or
   interest; in particular; distinctly.

   2.  In  an  especial  manner;  in  a  high  degree; as, a particularly
   fortunate man; a particularly bad failure.

     The  exact  propriety  of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great
     part of his character. Dryden.

                                Particularment

   Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A particular; a detail. [Obs.]

                                  Particulate

   Par*tic"u*late  (?),  v.  t.  &  i.  [See Particle.] To particularize.
   [Obs.]

                                  Particulate

   Par*tic"u*late (?), a.

   1. Having the form of a particle.

   2.  Referring  to,  or  produced  by,  particles, such as dust, minute
   germs, etc. [R.]

     The smallpox is a particulate disease. Tyndall.

                                    Parting

   Par"ting (?), a. [From Part, v.]

   1. Serving to part; dividing; separating.

   2.  Given  when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give
   him that parting kiss." Shak.

   3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope.

   4. Admitting of being parted; partible.
   Parting  fellow,  a  partner.  [Obs.]  Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See
   under  Pulley.  --  Parting  sand  (Founding),  dry, nonadhesive sand,
   sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. --
   Parting  strip  (Arch.),  in  a sash window, one of the thin strips of
   wood  let  into  the  pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the
   thin  piece  inserted  in  the  window box to separate the weights. --
   Parting  tool  (Mach.),  a  thin tool, used in turning or planing, for
   cutting a piece in two.
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   Page 1047

                                    Parting

   Par"ting (?), n.

   1.  The  act  of  parting  or  dividing;  the  state  of being parted;
   division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21.

   2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak.

     And  there  were  sudden  partings, such as press The life from out
     young hearts. Byron.

   3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.

   4.  (Founding)  The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where
   it meets that of another section.

   5.  (Chem.)  The  separation  and  determination  of alloys; esp., the
   separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.

   6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.

   7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.

   8.  (Min.)  Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some
   other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamell\'91.

                                   Partisan

   Par"ti*san  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  It.  partigiano.  See  Party, and cf.
   Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.]

   1.  An  adherent  to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and
   passionately  devoted  to  a  party or an interest. "The violence of a
   partisan." Macaulay.

     Both sides had their partisans in the colony. Jefferson.

   2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged
   in  making  forays  and  harassing  an enemy. (b) Any member of such a
   corps.

                                   Partisan

   Par"ti*san, a. [Written also partizan.]

   1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of
   blind,  passionate,  or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded
   by partisan zeal.

   2.  (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan
   officer or corps.
   Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps.

                                   Partisan

   Par"ti*san, n. [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in
   French  by  OF.  pertuisier  to  pierce.  It was prob. so named as the
   weapon of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of
   light troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.

     And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave. Shak.

                                 Partisanship

   Par"ti*san*ship,  n.  The  state of being a partisan, or adherent to a
   party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.

                                    Partita

   Par*ti"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations.

                                    Partite

   Par"tite  (?),  a. [L. partitus, p.p. of partire to part, divide, from
   pars.  See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base;
   as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base.

                                   Partition

   Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.]

   1.  The  act  of  parting  or  dividing;  the  state  of being parted;
   separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom.

     And good from bad find no partition. Shak.

   2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or
   distinct  parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary;
   dividing  line  or  space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one
   part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another;
   as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions.

     No  sight  could  pass  Betwixt  the  nice partitions of the grass.
     Dryden.

   3.  A  part  divided  off  by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.]
   "Lodged in a small partition." Milton.

   4.  (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly
   in  real  estate.  It  may  be  effected  by consent of parties, or by
   compulsion of law.

   5. (Mus.) A score.
   Partition  of  numbers  (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts
   subject to given conditions. Brande & C.

                                   Partition

   Par*ti"tion  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Partitioning.]

   1.  To  divide  into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to
   partition an estate among various heirs.

   2.  To  divide  into  distinct  parts  by  lines,  walls, etc.; as, to
   partition a house.

     Uniform without, though severally partitioned within. Bacon.

                                 Partitionment

   Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The act of partitioning.

                                   Partitive

   Par"ti*tive  (?), a. [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a
   partitive genitive.

                                   Partitive

   Par"ti*tive,  n.  (Gram.)  A  word expressing partition, or denoting a
   part.

                                  Partitively

   Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive manner.

                                    Partlet

   Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of part.]

   1.  A  covering  for  the  neck,  and  sometimes for the shoulders and
   breast;  originally  worn  by  both  sexes, but laterby women alone; a
   ruff. [Obs.] Fuller.

   2.  A  hen;  -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame
   Partlett, the hen." Shak.

                                    Partly

   Part"ly,  adv.  In  part;  in  some  measure of degree; not wholly. "I
   partly believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18.

                                    Partner

   Part"ner (?), n. [For parcener, influenced by part.]

   1.  One  who  has  a  part  in  anything with an other; a partaker; an
   associate;  a  sharer.  "Partner  of  his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A
   husband  or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c)
   One  who  shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in
   the gains and losses, of a business.

     My other self, the partner of my life. Milton.

   2.  (Law)  An  associate  in any business or occupation; a member of a
   partnership. See Partnership.

   3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a
   deck,  to  strengthen  it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or
   the like.
   Dormant,  OR Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a. Syn. -- Associate;
   colleague;  coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion;
   comrade; mate.

                                    Partner

   Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Partnership

   Part"ner*ship, n.

   1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership
   with  another;  to  have  partnership in the fortunes of a family or a
   state.

   2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.

     Rome,  that  ne'er  knew  three  lordly heads before, First fell by
     fatal partnership of power. Rowe.

     He  does  possession  keep,  And is too wise to hazard partnership.
     Dryden.

   3.  An  alliance  or  association of persons for the prosecution of an
   undertaking  or  a  business  on  joint  account; a company; a firm; a
   house; as, to form a partnership.

   4.  (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining
   together  their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them,
   under  an  understanding  that  there  shall  be a communion of profit
   between  them,  and  for  the  purpose  of  carrying on a legal trade,
   business, or adventure. Kent. Story.

     NOTE: &hand; Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though
     not necessary the test of, a partnership.

   5. (Arith.) See Fellowship, n., 6.
   Limited  partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists
   of  one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as
   ordinary  partners,  and  one  or  more  special partners, who are not
   liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they
   contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to
   the  limited  partnership  (F.  soci\'82t\'82 en commandit\'82) of the
   French  law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent
   partnership,  the  relation  of  partnership sustained by a person who
   furnishes capital only.

                                    Partook

   Par*took" (?), imp. of Partake.

                                   Partridge

   Par"tridge (?), n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F.
   perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)

   1.  Any  one  of  numerous  species of small gallinaceous birds of the
   genus Perdix and several related genera of the family Perdicid\'91, of
   the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.

     Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. Chaucer.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon Eu ropean, or  gr ay, pa rtridge (P erdix
     cinerea)  and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern
     Europe and Asia are well-known species.

   2.  Any  one  of  several  species  of  quail-like  birds belonging to
   Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.]

     NOTE: &hand; Am ong th em are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of
     the  Eastern  States;  the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx
     pictus)    of   California;   the   Massena   partridge   (Cyrtonyx
     Montezum\'91);    and    the   California   partridge   (Callipepla
     Californica).

   3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.]
   Bamboo   partridge  (Zo\'94l.),  a  spurred  partridge  of  the  genus
   Bambusicola.  Several  species are found in China and the East Indies.
   --  Night partridge (Zo\'94l.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted
   partridge   (Zo\'94l.),  a  francolin  of  South  Africa  (Francolinus
   pictus).  --  Partridge  berry.  (Bot.)  (a)  The  scarlet  berry of a
   trailing  american  plant (Mitchella repens) of the order Rubiace\'91,
   having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes
   tinged  with  purple,  growing  in  pairs with the ovaries united, and
   producing  the  berries  which  remain  over  winter;  also, the plant
   itself.   (b)  The  fruit  of  the  creeping  wintergreen  (Gaultheria
   procumbens); also, the plant itself. -- Partridge dove (Zo\'94l.) Same
   as  Mountain  witch,  under  Mountain.  --  Partridge  pea  (Bot.),  a
   yellow-flowered  leguminous  herb  (Cassia  Cham\'91crista), common in
   sandy  fields  in  the  Eastern  United  States.  --  Partridge  shell
   (Zo\'94l.),  a  large  marine  univalve  shell (Dolium perdix), having
   colors variegated like those of the partridge. -- Partridge wood (a) A
   variegated  wood,  much  esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from
   tropical  America,  and  one source of it is said to be the leguminous
   tree  Andira  inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name sometimes
   given  to  the  dark-colored  and  striated wood of some kind of palm,
   which  is  used  for  walking  sticks  and  umbrella  handles.  -- Sea
   partridge  (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami);
   --  so  called  from  its  note. -- Snow partridge (Zo\'94l.), a large
   spurred  partridge  (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains
   of  Asia. -- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood partridge, OR
   Hill  partridge  (Zo\'94l.),  any small Asiatic partridge of the genus
   Arboricola.

                                    Parture

   Par"ture (?), n. Departure. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                  Parturiate

   Par*tu"ri*ate  (?),  v.  i.  [See  Parturient.]  To bring forth young.
   [Obs.]

                                  Parturiency

   Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n. Parturition.

                                  Parturient

   Par*tu"ri*ent  (?), a. [L. parturiens, p.pr. of parturire to desire to
   bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.] Bringing
   forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor.

                                Parturifacient

   Par*tu`ri*fa"cient  (?),  n.  [L. parturire to desire to bring forth +
   facere to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to
   give relief in childbearing. Dunglison.

                                  Parturious

   Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a. Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton.

                                  Parturition

   Par`tu*ri"tion   (?),   n.  [L.  parturitio,  fr.  parturire:  cf.  F.
   parturition. See Parturient.]

   1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of
   giving birth; delivery; childbirth.

   2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.]

                                  Parturitive

   Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a. Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.]

                                     Party

   Par"ty  (?),  n.; pl. Parties (#). [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir
   to part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.]

   1. A part or portion. [Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer.

   2.  A  number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished
   from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one
   of  the  parts  into  which a people is divided on questions of public
   policy.

     Win the noble Brutus to our party. Shak.

     The peace both parties want is like to last. Dryden.

   3.  A  part  of  a  larger  body  of company; a detachment; especially
   (Mil.), a small body of troops dispatched on special service.

   4.  A  number  of  persons invited to a social entertainment; a select
   company;  as,  a  dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to
   give a party.

   5.  One  concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with
   others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the
   contract.

   6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual,
   a firm, or corporation; a litigant.

     The  cause  of both parties shall come before the judges. Ex. xxii.
     9.

   7.  Hence,  any  certain  person  who  is regarded as being opposed or
   antagonistic to another.

     It  the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had
     been adjudged felony. Sir J. Davies.

   8. Cause; side; interest.

     Have  you  nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany?
     Shak.

   9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.]

     NOTE: "For se veral ge nerations, ou r an cestors la rgely employed
     party  for person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be
     reviving,  happened  to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the
     vulgar;  and  the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen
     to leave it in their undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall.

   Party  jury  (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which
   is  half natives and half foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan. Swift.
   --  Party  spirit,  a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly
   shown  by party men. Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak.
   -- Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between
   two  adjoining  properties,  usually having half its thickness on each
   property.  (b)  (Law)  A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a
   block or row.

                                     Party

   Par"ty,  a. [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and
   cf. Partite.]

   1. (Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the
   ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale.

   2. Partial; favoring one party.<-- partisan -->

     I will be true judge, and not party. Chaucer.

   Charter party. See under Charter.

                                     Party

   Par"ty, adv. Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                 Party-coated

   Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors.
   Shak.

                         Party-colored, Parti-colored

   Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored (?), a. Colored with different tints;
   variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs." Shak.

                                   Partyism

   Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to party.

                                 Parumbilical

   Par`um*bil"ic*al  (?),  a. [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.) Near the
   umbilicus;  -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in
   man,  connect  the  portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front
   wall of the abdomen.

                                    Parusia

   Pa*ru"si*a  (?),  n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which
   the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the
   animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.

                                  Parvanimity

   Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. parvus little + animus mind.] The state or
   quality  of  having  a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; --
   opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey.

                                    Parvenu

   Par"ve*nu`  (?),  n.  [F.,  prop.  p.p.  of  parvenir to attain to, to
   succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through
   +  venire  to come. See Par, prep., and Come.] An upstart; a man newly
   risen into notice.

                                Parvis, Parvise

   Par"vis,  Par"vise  (?),  n.  [F.  parvis,  fr.  LL. paravisus, fr. L.
   paradisus. See Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space
   before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as
   place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer.

                              Parvitude, Parvity

   Par"vi*tude  (?),  Par"vi*ty  (?), n. [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little:
   cf. OF. parvit\'82.] Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray.

                                   Parvolin

   Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in
   the  putrefaction  of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and
   mackerel.

                                   Parvoline

   Par"vo*line (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid base, C

                                      Pas

   Pas (?), n. [F. See Pace.]

   1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer.

   2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.

                                     Pasan

   Pa"san (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gemsbok.

                                 Pasch, Pascha

   Pasch  (?),  Pas"cha  (?),  n. [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. pesach, fr.
   p\'besach  to  pass  over:  cf.  OF. pasque, F. p\'83que. Cf. Paschal,
   Paas, Paque.] The passover; the feast of Easter. Pasch egg. See Easter
   egg, under Easter. -- Pasch flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

                                    Paschal

   Pas"chal  (?),  a.  [L.  paschalis:  cf.  F. pascal. See Pasch.] Of or
   pertaining  to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal
   eggs.  Longfellow.  Paschal  candle  (R.  C. Ch.), a large wax candle,
   blessed  and  placed  on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before
   Easter. -- Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.
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   Page 1048

                                    Paseng

   Pa*seng" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat.

                                     Pash

   Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to
   fight  with  the  fists.]  To  strike;  to crush; to smash; to dash in
   pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak.

                                     Pash

   Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.]

   1. The head; the poll. [R.] "A rough pash." Shak.

   2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]

   3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.]

                                     Pasha

   Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk. p\'besh\'be, b\'besh\'be; cf. Per. b\'besh\'be,
   b\'bedsh\'beh;  perh. a corruption of Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Bashaw,
   Padishah,  Shah.]  An honorary title given to officers of high rank in
   Turkey,  as  to  governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The
   earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.]

     NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e th ree cl asses of  pa shas, whose rank is
     distinguished  by  the  number  of  the  horsetails  borne on their
     standards,  being  one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being
     the highest.

                                   Pashalic

   Pa*sha"lic  (?),  n. [Written also pachalic.] [Turk.] The jurisdiction
   of a pasha.

                                    Pashaw

   Pa*shaw" (?), n. See Pasha.

                          Pasigraphic, Pasigraphical

   Pas`i*graph"ic  (?),  Pas`i*graph"ic*al  (?)  a.  Of  or pertaining to
   pasigraphy.

                                  Pasigraphy

   Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A system of universal writing, or
   a  manner  of  writing that may be understood and used by all nations.
   Good.

                                   Pasilaly

   Pas"i*la`ly  (?),  n.  [Gr. A form of speech adapted to be used by all
   mankind; universal language.

                                     Pask

   Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch.

                                     Paspy

   Pas"py  (?),  n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of
   French  origin,  popular  in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some
   time  after;  --  called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy
   Smith.

                                    Pasque

   Pasque  (?),  n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch. Pasque flower (Bot.), a name
   of  several  plants of the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are
   perennial  herbs  with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in
   early  spring,  or  about  Easter, whence the common name. Called also
   campana.

                                    Pasquil

   Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.]

                                    Pasquil

   Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin.

                                  Pasquilant

   Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.

                                   Pasquiler

   Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton.

                                    Pasquin

   Pas"quin  (?),  n.  [It.  pasquino  a mutilated statue at Rome, set up
   against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty
   cobbler  or  tailor,  near  whose  shop the statue was dug up. On this
   statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a
   lampoon. See Pasquinade.

     The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on
     the life of man. Dryden.

                                    Pasquin

   Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.]

     To see himself pasquined and affronted. Dryden.

                                  Pasquinade

   Pas`quin*ade"  (?),  n.  [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A lampoon or
   satirical writing. Macaulay.

                                  Pasquinade

   Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize.

                                     Pass

   Pass  (?),  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.]
   [F.  passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum,
   to spread out, lay open. See Pace.]

   1.  To  go;  to  move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one
   point  to  another;  to  make  a  transit; -- usually with a following
   adverb  or  adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as,
   to  pass  on,  by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly,
   etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the
   field,  beyond  the  border, etc. "But now pass over [i.e., pass on]."
   Chaucer.

     On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent. Milton.

     Sweet  sounds  rose  slowly  through  their  mouths, And from their
     bodies passed. Coleridge.

   2.  To  move or be transferred from one state or condition to another;
   to   change   possession,  condition,  or  circumstances;  to  undergo
   transition; as, the business has passed into other hands.

     Others,  dissatisfied  with what they have, . . . pass from just to
     unjust. Sir W. Temple.

   3.  To  move  beyond  the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass
   away;  hence,  to  disappear;  to  vanish; to depart; specifically, to
   depart from life; to die.

     Disturb him not, let him pass paceably. Shak.

     Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Dryden.

     The  passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes.
     Tennyson.

   4.  To  move  or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in
   consciousness;  hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to
   occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorly.

     So death passed upon all men. Rom. v. 12.

     Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. I. Watts.

   5.  To  go  by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their
   vacation passed pleasantly.

     Now the time is far passed. Mark vi. 35

   6.  To  go  from  one  person to another; hence, to be given and taken
   freely;  as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance;
   to  be  held  or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by
   for  before  a  word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a
   man." Shak.

     False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood. Felton.

     This will not pass for a fault in him. Atterbury.

   7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or
   effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction
   or  reject;  to  receive  legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the
   resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.

   8.  To  go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved
   or  accepted;  as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to
   pass.

   9.  To  be  suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to
   live alogn. "The play may pass." Shak.

   10.  To  go  unheeded  or  neglected;  to proceed without hindrance or
   opposition; as, we let this act pass.

   11.  To  go  beyond  bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This
   passes, Master Ford." Shak.

   12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.]

     As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not. Shak.

   13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.

   14.  (Law)  To  be  conveyed  or  transferred  by will, deed, or other
   instrument  of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in
   a deed. Mozley & W.

   15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.

   16.  (Card  Playing)  To  decline to play in one's turn; in euchre, to
   decline to make the trump.

     She would not play, yet must not pass. Prior.

   To  bring  to  pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To
   pass  away,  to  disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass
   away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I
   am."  Tennyson.  -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person
   or  place;  as,  he  passed  by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to
   change  by  a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass
   on, to proceed. -- To pass on OR upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon;
   to  affect.  "So  death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no
   indirect  act  pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b)
   To  determine  concerning;  to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may
   not  pass  upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease;
   to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from
   one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.

                                     Pass

   Pass (?), v. t.

   1.  In  simple,  transitive  senses;  as:  (a) To go by, beyond, over,
   through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to
   pass  a  house,  a  stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one
   limit  to  the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience
   of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life." Milton.

     She loved me for the dangers I had passed. Shak.

   (c)  To  go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note
   of; to disregard.

     Please you that I may pass This doing. Shak.

     I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. Dryden.

   (d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

     And  strive  to  pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art.
     Spenser.

     Whose  tender  power  Passes  the  strength of storms in their most
     desolate hour. Byron.

   (e)  To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.;
   to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed
   his examination; the bill passed the senate.

   2.  In  causative  senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to
   transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit;
   to  deliver;  to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and
   cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand.

     I had only time to pass my eye over the medals. Addison.

     Waller  passed  over  five  thousand  horse  and foot by Newbridge.
     Clarendon.

   (b)  To  cause  to  pass  the  lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to
   promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak.

     Father, thy word is passed. Milton.

   (c)  To  cause  to  advance  by  stages  of progress; to carry on with
   success  through  an  ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to
   give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as
   valid  and  just;  as,  he  passed the bill through the committee; the
   senate passed the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to;
   as, to pass counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To
   cause  to  obtain  entrance,  admission,  or conveyance; as, to pass a
   person into a theater, or over a railroad.

   3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.

   4.  (Naut.)  To  take  a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a
   sail in furling, and make secure.

   5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak.
   Passed  midshipman.  See  under  Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to
   omit  the  declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due.
   -- To pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of
   her  age."  Ecclus.  xlii.  9.<-- (b) to die --> -- To pass by. (a) To
   disregard;  to  neglect.  (b)  To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To
   pass  off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as
   a  bishop." Macaulay. -- To pass (something) on OR upon (some one), to
   put  upon  as  a trick or cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on
   her  husband  for a boy." Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to
   note or resent; as, to pass over an affront.
   
                                     Pass
                                       
   Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See
   Pass, v. i.]
   
   1.  An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one
   through  or  over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a
   passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass.
   
     "Try not the pass!" the old man said. Longfellow.

   2.  (Fencing)  A  thrust  or  push;  an  attempt  to stab or strike an
   adversary. Shak.

   3.  A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of
   a mesmerist.

   4.  (Rolling  Metals)  A  single  passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc.,
   between the rolls.

   5. State of things; condition; predicament.

     Have his daughters brought him to this pass. Shak.

     Matters have been brought to this pass. South.

   6.  Permission  or  license  to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a
   ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater
   pass; a military pass.

     A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy. Kent.

   7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak.

   8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]

     Common speech gives him a worthy pass. Shak.

   9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer.
   Pass  boat  (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book
   in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or
   sends  it  to  the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a
   wooden  or  metallic  box,  used  to carry cartridges from the service
   magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place
   of  entertainment,  or  of  readmission  for  one  who  goes  away  in
   expectation of returning.

                                   Passable

   Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. passable.]

   1.   Capable   of   being   passed,  traveled,  navigated,  traversed,
   penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream is
   passablein boats.

     His  body's  a  passable  carcass  if  it  be  not  hurt;  it  is a
     throughfare for steel. Shak.

   2.  Capable  of  being  freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable;
   generally receivable; current.

     With  men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable
     than another. L'Estrange.

     Could they have made this slander passable. Collier.

   3.  Such  as  may  be  allowed  to  pass  without  serious  objection;
   tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.

     My  version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is
     absent. Dryden.

                                 Passableness

   Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being passable.

                                   Passably

   Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably; moderately.

                           Passacaglia, Passacaglio

   Pas`sa*ca*glia  (?),  Pas`sa*ca*glio  (?), n. [Sp. pasacalle a certain
   tune  on  the  guitar,  prop.,  a  tune  played in passing through the
   streets.]  (Mus.)  An  old  Italian  or  Spanish  dance  tune, in slow
   three-four  measure,  with  divisions  on  a ground bass, resembling a
   chaconne.

                               Passade, Passado

   Pas*sade"  (?),  Pas*sa"do  (?),  n.  [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See
   Pass, v. i.]

   1. (Fencing) A pass or thrust. Shak.

   2.  (Man.) A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same
   spot of ground.

                                    Passage

   Pas"sage (?), n. [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.]

   1.  The  act  of  passing; transit from one place to another; movement
   from  point  to  point;  a going by, over, across, or through; as, the
   passage  of  a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the
   passage  of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels
   of the body.

     What! are my doors opposed against my passage! Shak.

   2.  Transit  by  means  of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage,
   car,  or  the  like;  travel;  right,  liberty,  or means, of passing;
   conveyance.

     The ship in which he had taken passage. Macaulay.

   3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage.

   4.  Removal  from  life;  decease;  departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy
   mortal passage." Milton.

     When he is fit and season'd for his passage. Shak.

   5.  Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes;
   way  of  exit  or  entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common
   avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.

     And  with  his  pointed  dart  Explores  the nearest passage to his
     heart. Dryden.

     The  Persian  army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia.
     South.

   6.   A  continuous  course,  process,  or  progress;  a  connected  or
   continuous series; as, the passage of time.

     The conduct and passage of affairs. Sir J. Davies.

     The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak.

   7.  A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an
   incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak.

     The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief. South.

   8.  A  particular portion constituting a part of something continuous;
   esp.,  a  portion  of  a  book,  speech,  or  musical  composition;  a
   paragraph; a clause.

     How commentators each dark passage shun. Young.

   9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

   10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms.

     No  passages  of  love  Betwixt  us  twain  henceforward  evermore.
     Tennyson.

   11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.

   12.  In  parliamentary  proceedings:  (a)  The course of a proposition
   (bill,  resolution,  etc.) through the several stages of consideration
   and  action;  as,  during  its  passage  through Congress the bill was
   amended  in  both  Houses.  (b)  The  advancement  of  a bill or other
   proposition  from  one  stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp.,
   the  final  affirmative  action of the body upon a proposition; hence,
   adoption;  enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading
   was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack.

     The final question was then put upon its passage. Cushing.

   In  passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but
   in  passage."  Bacon.  -- Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest
   passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. -- Of passage, passing from
   one  place,  region,  or  climate,  to  another;  migratory;  --  said
   especially of birds "Birds of passage." Longfellow. -- Passage hawk, a
   hawk  taken  on its passage or migration. -- Passage money, money paid
   for  conveyance  of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by
   water.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1049

   Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule.

                                   Passager

   Pas"sa*ger  (?),  n.  [See  Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of
   passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

                                  Passageway

   Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.

                                    Passant

   Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.]

   1. Passing from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.]

     Many opinions are passant. Sir T. Browne.

   2. Curs [Obs.]

     On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop. Sir P. Pett.

   3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

   4.  (Her.)  Walking;  -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is
   represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.

                           Pass\'82, masc. Pass\'82e

   Pas`s\'82", masc. Pas`s\'82"e, fem. (?), a. [F.] Past; gone by; hence,
   past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a pass\'82e belle. Ld. Lytton.

                                  Passegarde

   Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a
   shoulder  piece  to  turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the
   joint of the armor.

                                   Passement

   Passe"ment  (?),  n.  [F.] Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment.
   Sir W. Scott.

                                 Passementerie

   Passe*men"terie (?), n. [F.] Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.

                                   Passenger

   Pas"sen*ger  (?),  n.  [OE.  &  F.  passager.  See  Passage,  and  cf.
   Messenger.]

   1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak.

   2.  A  traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat,
   railroad train, etc.
   Passenger falcon (Zo\'94l.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger
   pigeon (Zo\'94l.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes
   migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations.<-- now
   extinct! -->

                                 Passe partout

   Passe"   par`tout"  (?),  n.  [F.,  from  passer  to  pass  +  partout
   everywhere.]

   1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.] Dryden.

   2. A master key; a latchkey.

   3.  A  light  picture  frame  or  mat of cardboard, wood, or the like,
   usually  put  between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving
   for several pictures.

                                    Passer

   Pass"er (?), n. One who passes; a passenger.

                                   Passer-by

   Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who goes by; a passer.

                                   Passeres

   Pas"se*res  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.) An
   order,  or  suborder,  of  birds,  including more that half of all the
   known  species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with
   many other small perching birds.

                                  Passeriform

   Pas*ser"i*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the Passeres.

                                   Passerine

   Pas"ser*ine  (?), a. [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Of or pertaining to the Passeres.

     The  columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit
     trees. Sydney Smith.

                                   Passerine

   Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Passeres.

                                  Passibility

   Pas`si*bil"i*ty  (?), n. [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilit\'82.] The
   quality  or  state  of  being  passible;  aptness  to  feel or suffer;
   sensibility. Hakewill.

                                   Passible

   Pas"si*ble  (?),  a.  [L.  passibilis,  fr.  pati,  to  suffer: cf. F.
   passible.  See  Passion.]  Susceptible  of feeling or suffering, or of
   impressions from external agents.

     Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible. Hooker.

                                 Passibleness

   Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility. Brerewood.

                                  Passiflora

   Pas"si*flo"ra  (?), n. [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus,
   to  suffer)  +  flos,  floris,  flower.]  (Bot.)  A  genus  of plants,
   including   the   passion   flower.  It  is  the  type  of  the  order
   Passiflore\'91,  which  includes about nineteen genera and two hundred
   and fifty species.

                                    Passim

   Pas"sim  (?),  adv.  [L.]  Here  and  there; everywhere; as, this word
   occurs passim in the poem.

                                    Passing

   Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of
   going by or away. Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a
   soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke
   prayers  for  the  dying);  also,  a  tolling  during the passing of a
   funeral  procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W.
   Scott. Longfellow.

                                    Passing

   Pass"ing, a.

   1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through,
   or away; departing.

   2.  Exceeding;  surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity."
   Shak.
   Passing  note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing
   tone  (Mus.),  a  tone  introduced  between  two  other  tones,  on an
   unaccented  portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but
   forming no essential part of the harmony.

                                    Passing

   Pass"ing,  adv.  Exceedingly;  excessively;  surpassingly; as, passing
   fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.

                                   Passingly

   Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif.

                                    Passion

   Pas"sion  (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See
   Patient.]

   1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering
   or  distress  (as,  a cardiac passion); specifically, the suffering of
   Christ  between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the
   garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif (Rom. viii.
   18).

     To  whom  also  he  showed himself alive after his passion, by many
     infallible proofs. Acts i. 3.

   2.  The  state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or
   influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action.

     A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and,
     when  set  is  motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.
     Locke.

   3.  Capacity  of  being affected by external agents; susceptibility of
   impressions from external agents. [R.]

     Moldable  and  not  moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many
     other passions of matter. Bacon.

   4.  The  state  of  the  mind  when  it  is  powerfully acted upon and
   influenced   by  something  external  to  itself;  the  state  of  any
   particular  faculty  which,  under  such conditions, becomes extremely
   sensitive   or   uncontrollably  excited;  any  emotion  or  sentiment
   (specifically,  love  or  anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling
   activity;  an  extreme  or  inordinate  desire;  also, the capacity or
   susceptibility  of  being  so  affected;  as,  to be in a passion; the
   passions  of  love,  hate,  jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear,
   etc.;  a  passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion
   as  well  as  rhetorical  skill.  "A  passion  fond even to idolatry."
   Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu.

     We also are men of like passions with you. Acts xiv. 15.

     The  nature  of  the human mind can not be sufficiently understood,
     without   considering   the   affections  and  passions,  or  those
     modifications   or   actions   of  the  mind  consequent  upon  the
     apprehension  of  certain  objects  or  events  in  which  the mind
     generally conceives good or evil. Hutcheson.

     The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very
     strong  predilection  for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind
     of enthusiastic fondness for anything. Cogan.

     The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion. Shak.

     The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers
     reason still. Pope.

     Who  walked  in  every  path  of  human  life,  Felt every passion.
     Akenside.

     When  statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no
     passion for the glory of their country. Addison.

   5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.

   6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl.
   Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; --
   so  named  from  a  fancied  resemblance of parts of the flower to the
   instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e fl owers ar e sh owy, an d the fruit is sometimes
     highly  esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves
     are  generally  more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The
     plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer
     parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian.

   Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of
   the  passion  of  our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio,
   with  narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the
   passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in
   which  the  scenes  connected  with  the  passion  of  our  Savior are
   represented  dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday
   in  Lent,  or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week
   but  one  in  Lent,  or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of
   Passion  week  is  frequently,  but improperly, applied to Holy Week."
   Shipley.  Syn.  --  Passion,  Feeling,  Emotion.  When  any feeling or
   emotion  completely  masters  the  mind,  we  call it a passion; as, a
   passion  for  music,  dress,  etc.;  especially  is  anger  (when thus
   extreme)  called  passion.  The  mind, in such cases, is considered as
   having lost its self-control, and become the passive instrument of the
   feeling in question.
   
                                    Passion
                                       
   Pas"sion  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Passioned (?); p.pr & vb. n.
   Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats. 

                                    Passion

   Pas"sion,  v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to
   be  extremely  agitated.  [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she
   doteth." Shak.

                                   Passional

   Pas"sion*al  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to passion or the passions;
   exciting,  influenced  by,  or  ministering  to, the passions. -- n. A
   passionary.

                                  Passionary

   Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in
   which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton.

                                  Passionate

   Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionn\'82.]

   1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily
   moved,  excited  or  agitated;  specifically,  easily  moved to anger;
   irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature.

     Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate. Prior.

   2.  Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or
   desire;  vehement;  warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate
   Pilgrim." Shak.

   3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Passionate

   Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i.

   1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]

     Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen
     did passionate. Spenser.

   2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.

                                 Passionately

   Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv.

   1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.

     Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately. South.

   2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.

                                Passionateness

   Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate.

                                  Passionist

   Pas"sion*ist,  n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in
   Italy  in  1737,  and  introduced  into the United States in 1852. The
   members  of  the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the
   activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted
   Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.

                                  Passionless

   Pas"sion*less  (?),  a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not
   easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.

                                  Passiontide

   Pas"sion*tide`  (?),  n.  [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of
   Lent.

                                    Passive

   Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.]

   1.  Not  active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or
   influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene.

     The passive air Upbore their nimble tread. Milton.

     The  mind  is  wholly  passive  in  the reception of all its simple
     ideas. Locke.

   2.  Receiving  or  enduring  without  either active sympathy or active
   resistance;  without  emotion  or  excitement;  patient; not opposing;
   unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.

     The best virtue, passive fortitude. Massinger.

   3.  (Chem.)  Inactive;  inert;  not  showing  strong affinity; as, red
   phosphorus is comparatively passive.

   4.  (Med.)  Designating  certain  morbid  conditions, as hemorrhage or
   dropsy,  characterized  by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with
   deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.
   Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return
   of  the  blood  from  the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron
   which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid,
   chlorine,  etc.  It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive
   movement  (Med.),  a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made
   without  the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part.
   --  Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or
   submission  of  the  subject  or citizen as a duty in all cases to the
   existing  government.  --  Passive  prayer,  among  mystic  divines, a
   suspension  of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the
   soul  remaining  quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. --
   Passive  verb,  OR  Passive  voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb,
   which  expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin,
   doceor,  I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired
   by all; he is assailed by slander. Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent;
   unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.
   
                                   Passively
                                       
   Pas"sive*ly, adv.
   
   1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.
   
   2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.
   
                                  Passiveness
                                       
   Pas"sive*ness,  n.  The quality or state of being passive; unresisting
   submission.
   
     To  be  an  effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the
     power and action of its cause. J. Edwards.
     
                                   Passivity
                                       
   Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivit\'82.]
   
   1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor.
   
   2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either
   of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.

   3.  (Chem.)  The  quality  or  condition of any substance which has no
   inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

                                   Pass-key

   Pass"-key`  (?),  n.  A  key for opening more locks than one; a master
   key.

                                   Passless

   Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.

                                    Passman

   Pass"man  (?), n.; pl. Passmen (. One who passes for a degree, without
   honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.]

                                   Passover

   Pass"o`ver  (?),  n.  [Pass  + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A
   feast  of  the  Jews,  instituted  to  commemorate  the sparing of the
   Hebrews  in  Egypt,  when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians,
   passed  over  the  houses of the Israelites which were marked with the
   blood  of  a  lamb.  (b)  The  sacrifice  offered  at the feast of the
   passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.

                                  Pass-parole

   Pass`-pa*role"  (?), n. [F. passe-parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from
   front to rear by word of mouth.

                                   Passport

   Pass"port  (, n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or
   to  sail  into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and
   Port a harbor.]

   1.  Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a
   state,  permitting  the  person  therein  named to pass or travel from
   place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.

     Caution in granting passports to Ireland. Clarendon.

   2.  A  document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to
   certify  their  nationality  and protect them from belligerents; a sea
   letter.

   3.  A  license  granted  in time of war for the removal of persons and
   effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct. Burrill.

   4.  Figuratively:  Anything  which  secures  advancement  and  general
   acceptance. Sir P. Sidney.

     His passport is his innocence and grace. Dryden.

                                    Passus

   Pas"sus  (?),  n.;  pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (. [L., a step, a pace.
   See  Pace.]  A  division  or  part;  a  canto; as, the passus of Piers
   Plowman. See 2d Fit.

                                   Password

   Pass"word`  (?),  n.  A word to be given before a person is allowed to
   pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.

                                 Passymeasure

   Pas"sy*meas`ure  (?),  n.  [Corrupted  fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See
   Paspy. Shak.

                                     Past

   Past  (?),  a.  [From  Pass,  v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or
   state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as,
   past  troubles;  past  offences. "Past ages." Milton. Past master. See
   under Master.

                                     Past

   Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past,
   at least, is secure." D. Webster.

     The  present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a
     very remote past indeed. Trench.

                                     Past

   Past, prep.

   1.  Beyond,  in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or
   influence  of.  "Who  being  past  feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled past
   endurance." Macaulay.

     Until we be past thy borders. Num. xxi. 22.

     Love,  when  once  past  government,  is  consequently  past shame.
     L'Estrange.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1050

   2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour.

     Is it not past two o'clock? Shak.

   3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.]

     Not past three quarters of a mile. Shak.

     Bows not past three quarters of a yard long. Spenser.

                                     Past

   Past (?), adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past.

     The alarum of drums swept past. Longfellow.

                                     Paste

   Paste  (?),  n.  [OF.  paste, F. p\'83te, L. pasta, fr. Gr. Pasty, n.,
   Patty.]

   1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of
   earth  moistened  to  the  consistence of dough, as in making potter's
   ware.

   2.  Specifically,  in  cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies
   and the like; pastry dough.

   3.  A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the
   like,   --   used  for  uniting  paper  or  other  substances,  as  in
   bookbinding,  etc.,  --  also used in calico printing as a vehicle for
   mordant or color.

   4.  A  highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used
   in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass.

   5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice,
   or the like, with sugar, etc.

   6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.
   Paste eel (Zo\'94l.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.

                                     Paste

   Paste,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.] To unite
   with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.

                                  Pasteboard

   Paste"board` (?), n.

   1.  A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets
   pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds,
   etc.

   2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.

                                    Pastel

   Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.]

   1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water.
   [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in pastel." W.
   Black.

   2.  (Bot.)  A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria);
   also,  the  dye  itself.  <--3. a drawing using pastel, or of a pastel
   shade.  4.  the  art  or  process  of  drawing with pastels. 5. any of
   various  light  or pale colors. 6. a light literary work, as a sketch.
   -->

                                    Paster

   Past"er (?), n.

   1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department.

   2.  A  slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by
   the  voter,  as  a  substitute, over another name on a printed ballot.
   [Cant, U.S.]

                                    Pastern

   Pas"tern  (?),  n.  [Of.  pasturon,  F.  p\'83turon, fr. OF. pasture a
   tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.]

   1.  The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the
   fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the
     great  pastern  bone;  the  second, the small pastern bone; and the
     third, in the hoof, the coffin bone.

   Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals,
   between the great and small pastern bones.

   2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight.

   3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.

                                  Pasteurism

   Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.]

   1.  A  method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain
   diseases,   as   hydrophobia,   by  successive  inoculations  with  an
   attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.

   2. Pasteurization.

                                Pasteurization

   Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A process devised by Pasteur for preventing
   or  checking  fermentation  in  fluids,  such as wines, milk, etc., by
   exposure  to a temperature of 140° F., thus destroying the vitality of
   the contained germs or ferments.

                                  Pasteurize

   Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t.

   1. To subject to pasteurization.

   2. To treat by pasteurizm.

                                   Pasticcio

   Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.]

   1. A medley; an olio. [R.] H. Swinburne.

   2.  (Fine  Arts)  (a)  A  work  of  art imitating directly the work of
   another  artist,  or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of
   art,  as  a  vase  or  statue made up of parts of original works, with
   missing parts supplied.

                               Pastil, Pastille

   Pas"til  (?),  Pas*tille"  (?),  n. [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus
   food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.]

   1.  (Pharmacy)  A  small  cone  or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin,
   cinnamon,  and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting the
   air of a room.

   2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.

   3. See Pastel, a crayon.

                                    Pastime

   Pas"time` (?), n. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.] That which amuses,
   and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.

                                    Pastime

   Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.]

                                    Pastor

   Pas"tor  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf.
   Pabulum, Pasture, Food.]

   1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.

   2.  A  guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the
   charge of a church and parish.

   3.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  species  of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the
   plains  of  Western  Asia  and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and
   glossy  greenish  black,  and  its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon
   locusts.

                                   Pastorage

   Pas"tor*age  (?),  n.  The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor;
   pastorate.

                                   Pastoral

   Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and
   scenes; as, a pastoral life.

   2.  Relating  to  the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as,
   pastoral duties; a pastoral letter.
   Pastoral  staff  (Eccl.), a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's
   crook,  borne  as  an  official  emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or
   other  prelate  privileged  to  carry  it.  See Crook, and Crosier. --
   Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of
   pastors.

                                   Pastoral

   Pas"tor*al (?), n.

   1.  A  poem  describing  the  life and manners of shepherds; a poem in
   which  the  speakers  assume  the  character  of shepherds; an idyl; a
   bucolic.

     A  pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented
     by its effects on a country life. Rambler.

   2.  (Mus.)  A  cantata  relating  to  rural  life;  a  composition for
   instruments  characterized  by  simplicity  and  sweetness;  a lyrical
   composition  the  subject  of  which  is  taken from rural life. Moore
   (Encyc. of Music).

   3.  (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter
   addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter
   of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.

                                   Pastorale

   Pas`to*ra"le (?), n. [It.]

   1.  (Mus.)  A  composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or
   12-8 time.

   2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.

                                  Pastorally

   Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv.

   1. In a pastoral or rural manner.

   2. In the manner of a pastor.

                                   Pastorate

   Pas"tor*ate  (?), n. [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.] The office, state,
   or jurisdiction of a pastor.

                                  Pastorless

   Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor.

                                  Pastorling

   Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An insignificant pastor. [R.]

                                   Pastorly

   Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a pastor. Milton.

                                  Pastorship

   Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate. Bp. Bull.

                                    Pastry

   Pas"try (?), n.; pl. Pastries (.

   1. The place where pastry is made. [Obs.] Shak.

   2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as
   pies, tarts, etc.
   Pastry  cook,  one  whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry
   cook of a hotel.

                                  Pasturable

   Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for pasture.

                                   Pasturage

   Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF. pasturage, F. p\'83turage. See Pasture.]

   1. Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.

   2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.

   3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.

                                    Pasture

   Pas"ture  (?), n. [OF. pasture, F. p\'83ture, L. pastura, fr. pascere,
   pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.]

   1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.]

     Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous. Spenser.

   2.  Specifically:  Grass  growing  for the food of cattle; the food of
   cattle taken by grazing.

   3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage.

     He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. Ps. xxiii. 2.

     So graze as you find pasture. Shak.

                                    Pasture

   Pas"ture,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pastured  (?);  p.  pr.  & vb. n.
   Pasturing.] To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as
   food  for;  as,  the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture
   forty cows.

                                    Pasture

   Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing grass; to graze.

                                  Pastureless

   Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of pasture. Milton.

                                   Pasturer

   Pas"tur*er  (?),  n.  One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze.
   See Agister.

                                     Pasty

   Pas"ty  (?), a. Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty
   complexion." G. Eliot.

                                     Pasty

   Pas"ty,  n.; pl. Pasties (#). [OF. past\'82, F. p\'83t\'82. See Paste,
   and  cf.  Patty.]  A  pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded
   with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish;
   a  meat  pie.  "If  ye  pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties."
   Dickens.

     A large pasty baked in a pewter platter. Sir W. Scott.

                                      Pat

   Pat  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.]
   [Cf.  G.  patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.] To strike gently
   with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog.

     Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite. Pope.

                                      Pat

   Pat, n.

   1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.

   2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats.

     It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter. Dickens.

                                      Pat

   Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas is
   fr.  F.  passer  to  pass.] Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely.
   "Pat allusion." Barrow.

                                      Pat

   Pat, adv. In a pat manner.

     I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter. Sterne.

                                    Pataca

   Pa*ta"ca  (?),  n.  [Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also patacoon.
   [Obs.]

                                    Patache

   Pa`tache"  (?), n. [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.) A tender to
   a  fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain
   & Portugal]

                                   Patacoon

   Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.] See Pataca.

                                   Patagium

   Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Patagia (#). [L., an edge or border.]

   1.  (Anat.)  In  bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore
   limb with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form
   the  wing;  in  birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore
   limb with the body.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the
   bases  of  the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of
   Butterfly.

                                  Patagonian

   Pat`a*go"ni*an  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A native
   of Patagonia.

                                    Patamar

   Pat"a*mar  (?), n. [From the native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling
   a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also
   pattemar.]

                                     Patas

   Pa*tas"   (?),   n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  West  African  long-tailed  monkey
   (Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey.

                                  Patavinity

   Pat`a*vin"i*ty   (?),   n.  [L.  patavinitas,  fr.  Patavium:  cf.  F.
   patavinit\'82]  The  use  of  local  or  provincial  words,  as in the
   peculiar  style  or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called
   from Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.

                                     Patch

   Patch (?), n. [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche; cf.
   Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.]

   1.  A  piece  of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise
   fixed  upon  a  garment  to  repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old
   garment to cover a hole.

     Patches set upon a little breach. Shak.

   2.  Hence:  A  small  piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a
   patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.

   3.  A  small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a
   defect, or to heighten beauty.

     Your black patches you wear variously. Beau. & Fl.

   4.  (Gun.)  A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a
   rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.

   5.  Fig.:  Anything  regarded  as  a patch; a small piece of ground; a
   tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn.

     Employed about this patch of ground. Bunyan.

   6.  (Mil.)  A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect
   of dispart, in sighting.

   7.  A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou
   scurvy patch." Shak.
   Patch  ice,  ice  in  overlapping  pieces in the sea. -- Soft patch, a
   patch  for  covering  a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler,
   consisting  of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a
   plate bolted or riveted fast.

                                     Patch

   Patch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.]

   1.  To  mend  by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the
   like; as, to patch a coat.

   2.  To  mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair
   clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house.

   3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.

     Ladies who patched both sides of their faces. Spectator.

   4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange
   in  a  hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a
   truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak.

                                    Patcher

   Patch"er (?), n. One who patches or botches. Foxe.

                                   Patchery

   Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy.
   [R.] Shak.

                                  Patchingly

   Patch"ing*ly (?), adv. Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]

                             Patchouli, Patchouly

   Pa*tchou"li,  Pa*tchou"ly  (?),  n.  [CF.  F. patchouli; prob. of East
   Indian origin.]

   1.  (Bot.) A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the East Indies,
   yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made.

   2. The perfume made from this plant.
   Patchouly  camphor (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling
   borneol, found in patchouly oil.

                                   Patchwork

   Patch"work`  (?),  n.  Work  composed  of  pieces sewed together, esp.
   pieces  of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of
   incongruous  or  ill-adapted  parts;  something  irregularly  clumsily
   composed; a thing putched up. Swift.

                                    Patchy

   Patch"y  (?),  a.  Full  of,  or  covered  with, patches; abounding in
   patches.

                                    Pat\'82

   Pa`t\'82" (?), a. (Her.) See Patt\'82.

                                    Pat\'82

   Pa`t\'82" (?), n. [F. p\'83t\'82.]

   1. A pie. See Patty.

   2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form,
   and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified
   place. [R.]

                                     Pate

   Pate  (?),  n.  [Cf.  LG.  & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head;
   patt, patz, scab + kopf head.]

   1.  The  head  of  a  person;  the  top,  or  crown, of the head. [Now
   generally used in contempt or ridicule.]<-- esp., bald pate -->

     His  mischief  shall  return  upon  his  own  head, and his violent
     dealing shall come down upon his own pate. Ps. vii. 16.

     Fat paunches have lean pate. Shak.

   2. The skin of a calf's head.

                                     Pated

   Pat"ed  (?),  a.  Having  a  pate;  --  used  only in composition; as,
   long-pated; shallow-pated.

                                     Patee

   Pa*tee" (?), n. See Pattee.

                                  Patefaction

   Pat`e*fac"tion  (?), n. [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open; patere
   to  lie  open  +  facere  to make.] The act of opening, disclosing, or
   manifesting; open declaration. Jer. Taylor.

                                    Patela

   Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind. patel\'be.] A large flat-bottomed trading boat
   peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also puteli.

                                    Patella

   Pa*tel"la  (?), n.; pl. Patell\'91 (#). [L., a small pan, the kneepan,
   dim. of patina, patena, a pan, dish.]

   1. A small dish, pan, or vase.

   2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee.<-- kneecap -->

   3.  (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of
   limpets.  The  shell  has  the  form  of  a flattened cone. The common
   European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.

   4.  (Bot.)  A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat,
   and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.

                                   Patellar

   Pa*tel"lar  (?),  a.  (Anat.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the patella, or
   kneepan. <-- patellar tendon -->

                                  Patelliform

   Pa*tel"li*form (?), a. [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.]

   1. Having the form of a patella.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.

                                   Patellula

   Pa*tel"lu*la  (?), n.; pl. Patellul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. patella.
   See  Patella.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  cuplike  sucker  on the feet of certain
   insects.

                                     Paten

   Pat"en  (?), n. [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan; cf.
   L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. pat\'8ane. Cf. Patina.]

   1. A plate. [Obs.]

   2.  (Eccl.)  The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the
   Eucharist,  or  on  which  the  host  is placed during the Mass. It is
   usually  small,  and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.
   [Written also patin, patine.]

                                    Patena

   Pat"e*na (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) A paten.

                                    Patena

   Pa*te"na  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Pg. patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the
   hill region of Ceylon.

                                    Patency

   Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See Patent.]

   1. The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread.

   2. The state of being patent or evident.
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                                    Patent

   Pat"ent (p&acr;t"ent OR p&amac;t"ent), a. [L. patens, -entis, p.pr. of
   patere to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.]

   1.

     NOTE: (Oftener pronounced p&amac;t"ent in this sense)

   Open;  expanded;  evident;  apparent;  unconcealed;  manifest; public;
   conspicuous.

     He had received instructions, both patent and secret. Motley.

   2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some right
   or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter.

   3.  Appropriated  or  protected by letters patent; secured by official
   authority  to  the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some
   person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines.

     Madder  .  .  . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent
     commodity. Mortimer.

   4.  (Bot.)  Spreading;  forming a nearly right angle with the steam or
   branch; as, a patent leaf.
   Patent  leather,  a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and
   shoes,  and  in  carriage  and  harness  work.  --  Patent  office,  a
   government  bureau  for the examination of inventions and the granting
   of  patents. -- Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention,
   and  the  control  of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by
   the  sovereign,  of exclusive control of some business of manufacture,
   or  of  the  sale  of  certain  articles,  or  of  certain  offices or
   prerogatives. -- Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents.

                                    Patent

   Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.]

   1. A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by
   a  sovereign  power, conferring a right or privilege on some person or
   party.  Specifically:  (a)  A  writing securing to an invention. (b) A
   document making a grant and conveyance of public lands.

     Four  other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent.
     Fuller.

     NOTE: &hand; In  the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for
     inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of
     renewal except by act of Congress.

   2.  The  right  or  privilege  conferred  by  such  a document; hence,
   figuratively,  a  right,  privilege,  or  license  of  the nature of a
   patent.

     If  you  are  so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend.
     Shak.

                                    Patent

   Pat"ent,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.] To
   grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect
   by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public lands.

                                  Patentable

   Pat"ent*a*ble  (?),  a.  Suitable  to  be  patented;  capable of being
   patented.

                                   Patentee

   Pat`ent*ee"  (?),  n.  One  to  whom  a  grant is made, or a privilege
   secured, by patent. Bacon.

                                Patent-hammered

   Pat"ent-ham"mered  (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by
   cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels
   clamped together.

                                   Patently

   Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent, a.), adv. Openly; evidently.

                                    Patera

   Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl. Pater\'91(. [ L., fr. patere to lie open.]

   1. A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and
   Romans in libations and sacrificies.

   2.  (Arch.)  A  circular  ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in
   relief on friezes, and the like.

                                   Paterero

   Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See Pederero. [Obs.]

                                 Paterfamilias

   Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as  (?),  n.;  pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L., fr. pater
   father  +  familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law) The head of a
   family;  in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his
   own master.

                                   Paternal

   Pa*ter"nal  (?), a. [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F. paternel.
   See Father.]

   1.  Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of
   a  father;  guiding  or  instructing  as  a father; as, paternal care.
   "Under paternal rule." Milton.

   2.  Received  or  derived  from  a  father; hereditary; as, a paternal
   estate.

     Their small paternal field of corn. Dryden.

   Paternal  government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing
   power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and
   intimate  supervision  of their business and social concerns, upon the
   theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.

                                  Paternalism

   Pa*ter"nal*ism  (?),  n.  (Polit.  Science)  The theory or practice of
   paternal  government.  See Paternal government, under Paternal. London
   Times. <-- paternalistic, = relating to paternalism -->

                                  Paternally

   Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal manner.

                                   Paternity

   Pa*ter"ni*ty   (?),  n.  [L.  paternitas:  cf.  F.  paternit\'82.  See
   Paternal.]

   1.  The  relation  of  a  father to his child; fathership; fatherhood;
   family headship; as, the divine paternity.

     The  world,  while  it  had  scarcity of people, underwent no other
     dominion than paternity and eldership. Sir W. Raleigh.

   2.  Derivation  or  descent  from  a  father;  male parentage; as, the
   paternity of a child.

   3. Origin; authorship.

     The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed. Sir W. Scott.

                                  Paternoster

   Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our Father.]

   1.  The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin
   version.

   2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings.

   3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead
   Paternoster  pump,  Paternoster  wheel,  a  chain  pump;  a  noria. --
   Paternoster  while,  the  space  of  time  required  for  repeating  a
   paternoster. Udall.

                                     Path

   Path  (?),  n.; pl. Paths (#). [As. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin;
   cf. Gr. patha, path. &root;21.]

   1. A trodden way; a footway.

     The dewy paths of meadows we will tread. Dryden.

   2.  A  way,  course,  or  track, in which anything moves or has moved;
   route;  passage;  an  established  way; as, the path of a meteor, of a
   caravan,  of  a  storm,  of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a
   course of life or action.

     All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Ps. xxv. 10.

     The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Gray.

                                     Path

   Path  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed (?); pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To
   make  a  path  in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] "Pathing
   young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton.

                                     Path

   Path, v. i. To walk or go. [R.] Shak.

                                  Pathematic

   Path`e*mat"ic  (?), a. [Gr. Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion
   or suffering. [R.] Chalmers.

                                   Pathetic

   Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L. patheticus, Gr. path\'82tique. See Pathos.]

   1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [Obs.]

   2.  Affecting  or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full
   of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay.

     No  theory  of  the  passions  can  teach  a man to be pathetic. E.
     Porter.

   Pathetic  muscle  (Anat.),  the superior oblique muscle of the eye. --
   Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which
   supplies  the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The
   pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.

                                  Pathetical

   Pa*thet"ic*al  (?),  a.  Pathetic.  [R.]  -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. --
   Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.

                                   Pathetism

   Path"e*tism   (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  path\'82tisme.]  See  Mesmerism.  L.
   Sunderland.

                                  Pathfinder

   Path"find`er (?), n. One who discovers a way or path; one who explores
   untraversed regions.

     The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker. J. Burroughs.

                                    Pathic

   Path"ic  (?),  n.  [L.  pathicus,  Gr. A male who submits to the crime
   against nature; a catamite. [R.] B. Jonson.

                                    Pathic

   Path"ic, a. [Gr. Passive; suffering.

                                   Pathless

   Path"less   (?),   a.   Having  no  beaten  path  or  way;  untrodden;
   impenetrable; as, pathless woods.

     Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way. Milton.

                                   Pathmaker

   Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes a way or path.

                                   Pathogene

   Path"o*gene  (?),  n.  [See  Pathogenic.]  (Biol.)  One  of a class of
   virulent micro\'94rganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids
   in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a
   pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene.

                                 Pathogenesis

   Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Med.) Pathogeny.

                                 Pathogenetic

   Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Med.) Pathogenic.

                                  Pathogenic

   Path`o*gen"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Med.  &  Biol.)  Of  or  pertaining to
   pathogeny; producting disease; as, a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic
   bacterium.

                                   Pathogeny

   Pa*thog"e*ny  (?),  n.  (Med.)  (a)  The  generation,  and  method  of
   development,  of  disease;  as,  the  pathogeny  of  yellow  fever  is
   unsettled. (b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation
   and development of disease.

                                 Pathognomonic

   Pa*thog`no*mon"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.)
   Specially  or  decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with
   certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom.

     The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy. Arbuthnot.

                                  Pathognomy

   Pa*thog"no*my  (?), n. [Gr. Expression of the passions; the science of
   the signs by which human passions are indicated.

                           Pathologic, Pathological

   Path`o*log"ic  (?), Path`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. pathologique.] Of or
   pertaining  to  pathology.  -- Path`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. <-- caused by
   disease -->

                                  Pathologist

   Pa*thol"o*gist   (?),   n.  [Cf.  F.  pathologiste.]  One  skilled  in
   pathology;  an  investigator  in  pathology;  as, the pathologist of a
   hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases.

                                   Pathology

   Pa*thol"o*gy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pathologies  (#).  [Gr.  -logy:  cf.  F.
   pathologie.]  (Med.)  The  science  which  treats  of  diseases, their
   nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc.

     NOTE: &hand; Pa thology is  ge neral or  sp ecial, ac cording as it
     treats  of disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular
     diseases;  it  is  also  subdivided  into internal and external, or
     medical  and  surgical  pathology.  Its  departments  are nosology,
     \'91tiology,  morbid  anatomy,  symptomatology,  and  therapeutics,
     which  treat respectively of the classification, causation, organic
     changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases.

   Celluar  pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the vital action
   of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body. Virchow.

                                 Pathop\'d2la

   Path`o*p\'d2"la  (?),  n.;  pl.  -ias  (#).  [NL.,  from Gr. (Rhet.) A
   speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion. Smart.

                                    Pathos

   Pa"thos  (?),  n.  [L.,  from  Gr.  pati  to suffer, E. patient.] That
   quality  or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites
   emotions  and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such
   as  pity,  sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action,
   or  expression;  pathetic  quality;  as, the pathos of a picture, of a
   poem, or of a cry.

     The  combination  of  incident,  and  the pathos of catastrophe. T.
     Warton.

                                    Pathway

   Path"way  (?)  n. A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also
   used figuratively. Shak.

     In  the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is
     no death. Prov. xii. 28.

     We tread the pathway arm in arm. Sir W. Scott.

                                    Patible

   Pat"i*ble  (?),  a.  [L.  patibilis,  fr. pati to suffer.] Sufferable;
   tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey.

                                  Patibulary

   Pa*tib"u*la*ry  (?),  a. [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F. patibulaire.]
   Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle.

                                  Patibulated

   Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a gallows. [R.]

                                   Patience

   Pa"tience (?), n. [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.]

   1.  The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with
   fortitude;  uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain,
   poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.

     Strenthened   with   all  might,  .  .  .  unto  all  patience  and
     long-suffering. Col. i. 11.

     I must have patience to endure the load. Shak.

     Who  hath  learned  lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from
     his cross. Keble.

   2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due
   or hoped for; forbearance.

     Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 29.

   3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance.

     He learned with patience, and with meekness taught. Harte.

   4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker.

     They stay upon your patience. Shak.

   5.  (Bot.)  A  kind  of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America
   than in Europe; monk's rhubarb.

   6.  (Card  Playing) Solitaire. Syn. -- Patience, Resignation. Patience
   implies  the  quietness  or  self-possession of one's own spirit under
   sufferings,  provocations, etc.; resignation implies submission to the
   will  of  another.  The  Stoic may have patience; the Christian should
   have both patience and resignation.

                                    Patient

   Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p.pr. of pati to suffer.
   Cf. Pathos, Passion.]

   1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear.

     Patient of severest toil and hardship. Bp. Fell.

   2.  Undergoing  pains,  trails,  or  the  like,  without  murmuring or
   fretfulness;    bearing    up   with   equanimity   against   trouble;
   long-suffering.

   3.  Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as,
   patient endeavor.

     Whatever I have done is due to patient thought. Sir I. Newton.

   4.  Expectant  with  calmness,  or  without discontent; not hasty; not
   overeager; composed.

     Not patient to expect the turns of fate. Prior.

   5. Forbearing; long-suffering.

     Be patient toward all men. 1 Thess. v. 14.

                                    Patient

   Pa"tient, n.

   1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient.

     Malice  is  a  passion  so  impetuous  and  precipitate  that often
     involves the agent and the patient. Gov. of Tongue.

   2.  A  person  under  medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to
   physician or nurse.

     Like  a  physician,  . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever.
     Sir P. Sidney.

   In  patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in
   a  hospital  or  an infirmary. -- Out patient, one who receives advice
   and medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary.

                                    Patient

   Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam."
   Shak.

                                   Patiently

   Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient manner. Cowper.

                                 Patin, Patine

   Pat"in  (?),  Pat"ine,  n. A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of
   bright gold." Shak.

                                    Patina

   Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf.
   Paten.]

   1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.

   2.  (Fine  Arts) The color or incrustation which age gives to works of
   art;  especially,  the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins,
   and medals. Fairholt.

                                     Patio

   Pa"ti*o  (?),  n.  [Sp.,  a court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor where
   ores  are  cleaned  and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are
   trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e pa tioprocess is  us ed to  reduce silver ores by
     amalgamation.

                                     Patly

   Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly; seasonably. Barrow.

                                    Patness

   Pat"ness,   n.  Fitness  or  appropriateness;  striking  suitableness;
   convenience.

     The description with equal patness may suit both. Barrow.

                                    Patois

   Pa`tois"  (?), n. [F.] A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a
   provincial form of speech.

     The jargon and patois of several provinces. Sir T. Browne.

                                    Patonce

   Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.) Having
   the  arms  growing  broader and floriated toward the end; -- said of a
   cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross.

                                    Patrial

   Pa"tri*al  (?),  a. [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater father.]
   (Lat.  Gram.)  Derived  from the name of a country, and designating an
   inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A patrial
   noun.  Thus  Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial
   nouns, or patrials. Andrews.

                                   Patriarch

   Pa"tri*arch  (?),  n.  [F.  patriarche,  L.  patriarcha,  Gr.  Father,
   Archaic.]

   1.  The  father  and  ruler of a family; one who governs his family or
   descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families
   in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those
   who lived before the time of Moses.

   2.  (R.  C.  Ch.  &  Gr.  Ch.)  A  dignitary  superior to the order of
   archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of
   Antioch.

   3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively.

     The  patriarch  hoary,  the  sage  of  his  kith  and  the  hamlet.
     Longfellow.

     The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. Dryde.

                                  Patriarchal

   Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. patriarcal.]

   1.  Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or
   subject  to,  patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a
   patriarchal see; a patriarchal church.

   2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.

     About  whose  patriarchal  knee  Late  the  little  children clung.
     Tennyson.

   3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of society and government in which
   the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations.
   Patriarchal  cross  (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected
   by  two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust.
   (2)  of  Cross.  --  Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation
   under which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.

                                 Patriarchate

   Pa`tri*ar"chate (?), n. [Cf. F. patriarcat.]

   1. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor.

   2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.

   3.  (Ethnol.)  A  patriarchal  form  of  government  or  society.  See
   Patriarchal, a., 3.

                                 Patriarchdom

   Pa"tri*arch*dom  (?),  n.  The  office or jurisdiction of a patriarch;
   patriarchate. [R.]

                                  Patriarchic

   Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L. patriarchicus, Gr. Patriarchal.

                                 Patriarchism

   Pa"tri*arch*ism  (?),  n.  Government by a patriarch, or the head of a
   family.

                                 Patriarchship

   Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A patriarchate. Ayliffe.

                                  Patriarchy

   Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr.

   1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship. Brerewood.

   2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.

                                   Patrician

   Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl.
   of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.]

   1.  (Rom.  Antiq.)  Of  or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or
   senators, or patricians.

   2.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  appropriate  to, a person of high birth;
   noble; not plebeian.

     Born in the patrician file of society. Sir W. Scott.

     His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addison.

                                   Patrician

   Pa*tri"cian, n. [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.]

   1.  (Rom.  Antiq.)  Originally,  a  member  of  any  of  the  families
   constituting  the  populus  Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before
   the  development  of  the  plebeian order; later, one who, by right of
   birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.

   2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.

   3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in
   patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.

                                 Patricianism

   Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The rank or character of patricians.

                                  Patriciate

   Pa*tri"ci*ate  (?), n. The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the
   office of patriarch. Milman.

                                  Patricidal

   Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.

                                   Patricide

   Pat*ri"cide   (?),  n.  [L.  pater  father  +  caedere  to  kill.  Cf.
   Parricide.]

   1. The murderer of his father.

   2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.

                                  Patrimonial

   Pat`ri*mo"ni*al  (?),  a. [L.patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.] Of or
   pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial
   estate.

                                 Patrimonially

   Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By inheritance.

                                   Patrimony

   Pat"ri*mo*ny  (?), n.; pl. Patrimonies (#). [L. patrimonium, fr. pater
   father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.]

   1.  A  right  or  estate  inherited from one's father; or, in a larger
   sense, from any ancestor. "'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak.

   2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley.

                                    Patriot

   Pa"tri*ot  (?),  n. [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto; all
   fr. Gr. Father.] One who loves his country, and zealously supports its
   authority and interests. Bp. Hall.

     Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws. Pope.

                                    Patriot

   Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.

                                   Patriotic

   Pa`tri*ot"ic  (?), a. [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr. Inspired by patriotism;
   actuated  by  love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted
   to the service of one's country; as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance.

                                  Patriotical

   Pa`tri*ot"ic*al  (?),  a.  Patriotic;  that  pertains to a patriot. --
   Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                  Patriotism

   Pa"tri*ot*ism  (?), n. [Cf. F. patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion
   to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot;
   the passion which inspires one to serve one's country. Berkley.

                                 Patripassian

   Pa`tri*pas"sian  (?),  n.  [LL.  Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father +
   pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a
   body  of  believers  in  the  early  church who denied the independent
   pre\'89xistent  personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that
   the  Father  suffered in the Son; a monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism
   (#), n.

                                    Patrist

   Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in patristics.

                            Patristic, Patristical

   Pa*tris"tic   (?),   Pa*tris"tic*al   (?),  a.  [F.  patristique.  See
   Paternal.] Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.

     The  voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology.
     I. Taylor.

                                  Patristics

   Pa*tris"tics  (?),  n.  That  departnent  of historical theology which
   treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.

                                   Patrizate

   Pa"tri*zate  (?),  v.  i. [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr. To imitate
   one's father. [R.]

                                  Patrocinate

   Pa*troc"i*nate  (?),  v.  t.  [L. patrocinatus, p.p. of patrocinari to
   patronize,  fr.  patronus  patron.]  To  support; to patronize. [Obs.]
   Urquhart.

                                 Patrocination

   Pa*troc`i*na"tion  (?),  n.  The  act of patrocinating or patronizing.
   [Obs.] "Patrocinations of treason." Bp. Hall.

                                   Patrociny

   Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.] See Patrocination.

                                    Patrol

   Pa*trol"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p. p. Patrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Patrolling.] [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw
   about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat,
   v.]  To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police
   district or beat.

                                    Patrol

   Pa*trol"  (?),  v.t  To  go  the  rounds  of,  as  a sentry, guard, or
   policeman; as, to patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.

                                    Patrol

   Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.]

   1.  (Mil.)  (a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and
   between  the  posts,  by  a guard, usually consisting of three or four
   men,  to  insure  greater security from attacks on the outposts. (b) A
   movement,  by  a  small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to
   explore  the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts.
   (c)  The  guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment
   whose duty it is to patrol.

   2.  Any  perambulation  of  a particular line or district to guard it;
   also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol.

     In  France  there  is  an  army  of  patrols  to  secure her fiscal
     regulations. A. Hamilton.

                                    Patrole

   Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See Patrol, n. & v.

                                   Patrolman

   Pa*trol"man  (?),  n.;  pl.  Patrolmen (. One who patrols; a watchman;
   especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or
   city.

                                    Patron

   Pa"tron  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  L.  patronus,  fr.  pater  a father. See
   Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.]

   1. One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender. "Patron of
   my life and liberty." Shak. "The patron of true holiness." Spenser.

   2.  (Rom.  Antiq.)  (a)  A  master  who had freed his slave, but still
   retained some paternal rights over him. (b) A man of distinction under
   whose  protection  another  person  placed himself. (c) An advocate or
   pleader.

     Let  him  who  works  the  client  wrong  Beware  the patron's ire.
     Macaulay.

   3.  One  who  encourages  or  helps  a  person,  a cause, or a work; a
   furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art.

   4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]

   5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron saint.

   6. (Naut.) See Padrone, 2.
   Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See Granger, 2.

                                    Patron

   Pa"tron,  v.  t. To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir
   T. Browne.

                                    Patron

   Pa"tron,  a.  Doing  the  duty  of a patron; giving aid or protection;
   tutelary.  Dryden.  Patron  saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the
   peculiar  protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc.,
   or of an individual.

                                   Patronage

   Pa"tron*age  (?),  n.  [F.  patronage.  Cf.  LL.  patronaticum, and L.
   patronatus.]

   1.  Special  countenance  or  support;  favor,  encouragement, or aid,
   afforded  to  a  person  or  a  work;  as,  the  patronage of letters;
   patronage given to an author.

   2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant]

   3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison.

   4.  The  right  of  nomination to political office; also, the offices,
   contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.

   5.  (Eng.  Law)  The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical
   benefice; advowson. Blackstone.

                                   Patronage

   Pa"tron*age,  v.  t.  To  act  as a patron of; to maintain; to defend.
   [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Patronal

   Pa"tron*al   (?),   a.  [L.  patronalis;  cf.  F.  patronal.]  Patron;
   protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                   Patronate

   Pa"tron*ate  (?),  n.  [L. patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron;
   patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev.

                                   Patroness

   Pa"tron*ess  (?),  n. [Cf. F. patronnesse.] A female patron or helper.
   Spenser.

     Night, best patroness of grief. Milton.

                                 Patronization

   Pa`tron*i*za"tion  (?), n. The act of patronizing; patronage; support.
   [R.]

                                   Patronize

   Pa"tron*ize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Patronizing (?).]

   1.  To  act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to
   aid.

     The idea has been patronized by two States only. A. Hamilton.

   2.  To  trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial
   Cant]

   3.  To  assume  the  air  of a patron, or of a superior and protector,
   toward;  --  used  in  an  unfavorable  sense;  as, to patronize one's
   equals.

                                  Patronizer

   Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who patronizes.

                                  Patronizing

   Pa"tron*i`zing  (?),  a.  Showing  condescending  favor;  assuming the
   manner  of  airs  of  a superior toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly,
   adv. Thackeray.

                                  Patronless

   Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute of a patron.

                                Patronomayology

   Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Gr.  onomatology.]  That  branch  of
   knowledge  which deals with personal names and their origin; the study
   of patronymics.

                                  Patronymic

   Pa`tro*nym"ic  (?),  a.  [L.  patronymicus, Gr. patronymique.] Derived
   from ancestors; as, a patronymic denomination.

                                  Patronymic

   Pa`tro*nym"ic,  n.  [Gr.  A modification of the father's name borne by
   the  son;  a  name  derived  from  that  of  a parent or ancestor; as,
   Pelides,  the  son of Peleus; Johnson, the son of John; Macdonald, the
   son  of  Donald;  Paulowitz,  the  son of Paul; also, the surname of a
   family; the family name. M. A. Lower.

                                 Patronymical

   Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same as Patronymic.

                                    Patroon

   Pa*troon"  (?), n. [D. patroon a patron, a protector. See Patron.] One
   of  the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges
   and  right  of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and
   New Jersey.

                                  Patroonship

   Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a patroon. Irving.

                               Patt\'82, Pattee

   Pat`t\'82"  (?),  Pat*tee"  (?),  a. [F. patt\'82, fem. patt\'82e, fr.
   patte  paw,  foot.  Cf.  Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the inner, and very
   broad  at the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; -- said of
   a cross. See Illust. (8) of Cross. [Written also pat\'82, patee.]

                                   Pattemar

   Pat"te*mar (?), n. See Patamar.

                                    Patten

   Pat"ten (?), n. [F. patin a high-heeled shoe, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf.
   Panton, Patt\'82.]

   1.  A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring, worn to
   raise the feet from the wet or the mud.

     The patten now supports each frugal dame. Gay.

   2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

                                   Pattened

   Pat"ten*ed (?), a. Wearing pattens. "Some pattened girl." Jane Austen.

                                    Patter

   Pat"ter  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pattering.] [Freq. of pat to strike gently.]

   1.  To  strike  with  a  quick succession of slight, sharp sounds; as,
   pattering rain or hail; pattering feet.

     The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard. Thomson.

   2.  To  mutter;  to  mumble; as, to patter with the lips. Tyndale. [In
   this sense, and in the following, perh. from paternoster.]

   3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue. [Colloq.]

     I've gone out and pattered to get money. Mayhew.

                                    Patter

   Pat"ter, v. t.

   1.  To  spatter;  to  sprinkle.  [R.]  "And patter the water about the
   boat." J. R. Drake.

   2. [See Patter, v. i., 2.] To mutter; as prayers.

     [The hooded clouds] patter their doleful prayers. Longfellow.

   To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant. [Slang]

                                    Patter

   Pat"ter, n.

   1.  A  quick  succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain; the
   patter of little feet.

   2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.

   3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies' patter.

                                   Patterer

   Pat"ter*er  (?),  n. One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a
   street peddler. [Cant, Eng.]

                                    Pattern

   Pat"tern  (?),  n.  [OE. patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a pattern.
   See Patron.]

   1.  Anything  proposed  for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that
   which  is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a pattern
   of a machine.

     I will be the pattern of all patience. Shak.

   2.  A  part  showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a
   sample; an example; an instance.

     He compares the pattern with the whole piece. Swift.

   3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern.

   4.  Figure  or  style  of  decoration;  design;  as,  wall  paper of a
   beautiful pattern.

   5. Something made after a model; a copy. Shak.

     The patterns of things in the heavens. Heb. ix. 23.

   6.  Anything  cut  or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming
   objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern.

   7.  (Founding) A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made,
   to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several
   parts,  so  as  to be removed from the mold without injuring it. <-- a
   definable  characteristic  relationship between the members of any set
   of  objects  or actions; also, the set having a definable relationship
   between  its  members. Thus: the distribution of bomb or shell impacts
   on  a  target area, or of bullet holes in a target; a set of traits or
   actions that appear to be consistent throughout the members of a group
   or  over  time within a group, as behavioral pattern, traffic pattern,
   dress pattern -->
   Pattern  box, chain, OR cylinder (Figure Weaving), devices, in a loom,
   for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession
   for  forming  the  figure.  -- Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a
   card.  (b)  (Weaving)  One  of  the  perforated  cards  in  a Jacquard
   apparatus.  --  Pattern  reader, one who arranges textile patterns. --
   Pattern wheel (Horology), a count-wheel.

                                    Pattern

   Pat"tern,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Patterned  (?);  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Patterning.]

   1.  To  make  or  design (anything) by, from, or after, something that
   serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate. Milton.

     [A  temple]  patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. Sir
     T. Herbert.

   2. To serve as an example for; also, to parallel.
   To pattern after, to imitate; to follow.

                                     Patty

   Pat"ty  (?), n.; pl. Patties (#). [F. p\'83t\'82. See Pasty.] A little
   pie.

                                   Pattypan

   Pat"ty*pan` (?), n.

   1. A pan for baking patties.

   2. A patty. [Obs.]

                                   Patulous

   Pat"u*lous  (?), a. [L. patulus, fr. patere to be open, extend.] Open;
   expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or dispersed; as,
   a patulous calyx; a patulous cluster of flowers.

     The eyes are large and patulous. Sir J. Hill.

                                      Pau

   Pau (?), n. See Pah.

                                 Pauciloquent

   Pau*cil"o*quent (?), a. Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.]

                                  Pauciloquy

   Pau*cil"o*quy  (?),  n.  [L.  pauciloquium;  paucus  little + loqui to
   speak.] Brevity in speech. [R.]

                                  Paucispiral

   Pau`ci*spi"ral  (?), a. [L. paucus few + E. spiral.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
   few spirals, or whorls; as, a paucispiral operculum or shell.

                                    Paucity

   Pau"ci*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  paucitas,  fr.  paucus  few,  little: cf. F.
   paucit\'82 See Few.]

   1. Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity. Hooker.

     Revelation  denies  it  by  the stern reserve, the paucity, and the
     incompleteness, of its communications. I. Taylor.

   2.  Smallnes  of  quantity;  exiguity;  insufficiency;  as, paucity of
   blood. Sir T. Browne.

                                 Paugie, Paugy

   Pau"gie, Pau"gy (?), n.; pl. Paugies (#). [Corrupted from Amer. Indian
   mishcuppauog. See Scup.] (Zo\'94l.) The scup. See Porgy, and Scup.

                                   Pauhaugen

   Pau*hau"gen  (?), n. [North Amer. Indian.] (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden; --
   called also poghaden.

                                     Paul

   Paul (?), n. See Pawl.

                                     Paul

   Paul, n. An Italian silver coin. See Paolo.

                                   Pauldron

   Paul"dron  (?),  n.  [See  Powldron.]  (Mil.  Antiq.) A piece of armor
   covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece.

                              Paulian, Paulianist

   Pau"li*an  (?), Pau"li*an*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Paul
   of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the third century, who was deposed
   for denying the divinity of Christ.

                                   Paulician

   Pau"li*cian  (?),  n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect
   of  Christian  dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century.
   They rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New.
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   Page 1053

                                    Paulin

   Pau"lin (?), n. (Naut.) See Tarpaulin.

                                    Pauline

   Pau"line  (?),  a. [L. Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.] Of or pertaining to
   the  apostle  Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the
   writings of Paul; as, the Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine.

     My religion had always been Pauline. J. H. Newman.

                                    Paulist

   Paul"ist  (?),  n.  (R.  C.  Ch.)  A  member  of  The Institute of the
   Missionary  Priests  of  St.  Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the
   Rev.  I.  T.  Hecker  of  New  York.  The majority of the members were
   formerly Protestants.

                                   Paulownia

   Pau*low"ni*a  (?),  n.  [NL.  So  named from the Russian princess Anna
   Pavlovna.]  (Bot.)  A  genus of trees of the order Scrophulariace\'91,
   consisting of one species, Paulownia imperialis.

     NOTE: &hand; Th  e tr ee is  na tive to  Ja pan, an d ha s im mense
     heart-shaped  leaves,  and  large purplish flowers in panicles. The
     capsules  contain  many  little  winged  seeds, which are beautiful
     microscopic  objects.  The tree is hardy in America as far north as
     Connecticut.

                                     Paum

   Paum  (?),  v.  t.  & i. [See Palm to cheat.] To palm off by fraud; to
   cheat at cards. [Obs.] Swift.

                                    Paunce

   Paunce  (?),  n.  [See  Pansy.] (Bot.) The pansy. "The pretty paunce."
   Spenser.

                                    Paunch

   Paunch (?), n. [OF. panch, pance, F. panse, L. pantex, panticis.]

   1.  (Anat.)  The  belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first
   stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen.

   2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also panch.

   3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper.
   Paunch  mat  (Naut.),  a  thick  mat  made of strands of rope, used to
   prevent the yard or rigging from chafing.

                                    Paunch

   Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paunching.]

   1. To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Shak.

   2. To stuff with food. [Obs.] Udall.

                                    Paunchy

   Paunch"y (?), a. Pot-bellied. [R.] Dickens.

                                     Paune

   Paune (?), n. A kind of bread. See Pone.

                                    Pauper

   Pau"per  (?),  n.  [L.  See  Poor.]  A  poor  person;  especially, one
   development  on  private or public charity. Also used adjectively; as,
   pouper immigrants, pouper labor.

                                   Pauperism

   Pau"per*ism  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  paup\'82risme.]  The state of being a
   pauper;  the  state  of  indigent  persons  requiring support from the
   community.  Whatly.  Syn.  --  Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need;
   destitution. See Poverty.

                                 Pauperization

   Pau`per*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of reducing to pauperism.
   C. Kingsley.

                                   Pauperize

   Pau"per*ize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pauperized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pauperizing  (?).]  To  reduce  to  pauperism;  as,  to  pauperize the
   peasantry.

                                   Pauropoda

   Pau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   small  myriapods  having  only  nine  pairs  of  legs and destitute of
   trache\'91.

                                     Pause

   Pause (?), n. [F., fr. L. pausa. See Pose.]

   1.  A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption;
   suspension; cessation.

   2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt.

     I stand in pause where I shall first begin. Shak.

   3.  In  speaking  or  reading  aloud,  a brief arrest or suspension of
   voice,  to  indicate  the  limits and relations of sentences and their
   parts.

   4.  In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of
   an  arrest  of  voice  in  reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the
   pupil to mind the pauses.

   5. A break or paragraph in writing.

     He  writes  with  warmth,  which usually neglects method, and those
     partitions and pauses which men educated in schools observe. Locke.

   6.  (Mus.)  A  hold.  See  4th  Hold,  7.  Syn.  --  Stop;  cessation;
   suspension.

                                     Pause

   Pause,  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pausing.] [Cf.
   F. pauser, L. pausare. See Pause, n., Pose.]

   1.  To make a short stop; to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or
   acting; to stop; to wait; to rest. "Tarry, pause a day or two." Shak.

     Pausing while, thus to herself she mused. Milton.

   2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music pauses.

   3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay. [R.]

     Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture. Shak.

   <-- is this anti-semitic or what? -->

   4.  To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect. [R.]
   "Take time to pause." Shak.
   To  pause  upon,  to deliberate concerning. Shak. Syn. -- To intermit;
   stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur.

                                     Pause

   Pause, v. t. To cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively. [R.] Shak.

                                    Pauser

   Paus"er (?), n. One who pauses. Shak.

                                   Pausingly

   Paus"ing*ly, adv. With pauses; haltingly. Shak.

                                     Pauxi

   Paux"i  (?),  n.  [From  the native name: cf. Sp. pauji.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   curassow   (Ourax   pauxi),   which,   in   South  America,  is  often
   domesticated.

                                    Pavage

   Pav"age (?), n. [Cf. F. pavage.] See Pavage. [R.]

                                     Pavan

   Pav"an  (?), n. [F. pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp. pavon, pavo,
   a peacock, L. pavo.] A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full
   state  costume  is  worn;  --  so  called  from the resemblance of its
   movements  to  those  of  the  peacock.  [Written  also pavane, paven,
   pavian, and pavin.]

                                    Pav\'82

   Pa`v\'82"  (?),  n.  [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.] The pavement.
   Nymphe du pav\'82 ([A low euphemism.]

                                     Pave

   Pave  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] [F.
   paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L. pavire to beat, ram, or tread down;
   cf. Gr.

   1. To lay or cover with stone, brick, or other material, so as to make
   a firm, level, or convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons
   on  foot,  to  travel  on;  to floor with brick, stone, or other solid
   material; as, to pave a street; to pave a court.<-- for vehicles -->

     With silver paved, and all divine with gold. Dryden.

     To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways. Gay.

   2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way;
   as, to pave the way to promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise.

     It might open and pave a prepared way to his own title. Bacon.

                                   Pavement

   Pave"ment  (?),  n. [F., fr. LL. pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See Pave.]
   That  with  which  anythingis  paved;  a  floor  or  covering of solid
   material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel;
   a  paved  road  or  sidewalk;  a decorative interior floor of tiles or
   colored bricks.

     The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton.

   Pavement teeth (Zo\'94l.), flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as
   the  skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in
   a pavement.

                                   Pavement

   Pave"ment,  v.  t.  To  furnish  with a pavement; to pave. [Obs.] "How
   richly pavemented!" Bp. Hall.

                                     Paven

   Pav"en (?), n. See Pavan.

                                     Paver

   Pav"er  (?),  n. One who paves; one who lays a pavement. [Written also
   pavier and pavior.]

                                   Pavesade

   Pav`e*sade"  (?),  n.  [F.  See  Pavise.]  A  canvas  screen, formerly
   sometimes  extended  along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement,
   to conceal from the enemy the operations on board.

                                Pavese, Pavesse

   Pa*vese" (?), Pa*vesse" (?), n. Pavise. [Obs.]

                                    Paviage

   Pa"vi*age  (?), n. (Law) A contribution or a tax for paving streets or
   highways. Bouvier.

                                    Pavian

   Pav"i*an (?), n. See Pavan.

                                     Pavid

   Pav"id (?), a. [L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.] Timid; fearful.
   [R.] Thackeray.

                                   Pavidity

   Pa*vid"i*ty (?), n. Timidity. [R.]

                                    Pavier

   Pav"ier (?), n. A paver.

                                    Paviiv

   Pa"vi*iv  (?),  n.  (Chem.)  A glucoside found in species of the genus
   Pavia of the Horse-chestnut family.

                                   Pavilion

   Pa*vil"ion  (?),  n. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a
   tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]

   1.  A  temporary  movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a
   tent  raised  on posts. "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions."
   Shak.

   2.  (Arch.) A single body or mass of building, contained within simple
   walls  and  a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden
   of  a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle
   or central feature of a large pile.

   3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or banner.

   4. (Her.) Same as Tent (Her.)

   5.  That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet.
   See Illust. of Brilliant.

   6.  (Anat.)  The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of
   the Fallopian tube.

   7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky.

     The pavilion of heaven is bare. Shelley.

                                   Pavilion

   Pa*vil"ion,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pavilioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pavilioning.]  To  furnish  or  cover  with,  or shelter in, a tent or
   tents.

     The field pavilioned with his guardians bright. Milton.

                                     Pavin

   Pav"in (?), n. See Pavan.

                                    Paving

   Pav"ing (?), n.

   1.  The  act  or  process of laying a pavement, or covering some place
   with a pavement.

   2. A pavement.

                                    Pavior

   Pav"ior (?), n.

   1. One who paves; a paver.

   2. A rammer for driving paving stones.

   3. A brick or slab used for paving.

                                    Pavise

   Pa*vise  (?),  n. [OF. pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It. pavese, LL. pavense;
   perh.  named  from  Pavia  in  Italy.]  (Mil.  Antiq.)  A large shield
   covering  the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who sometimes screened
   also  an  archer  with it. [Written also pavais, pavese, and pavesse.]
   Fairholt.

                                    Pavisor

   Pa*vis"or (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A soldier who carried a pavise.

                                     Pavo

   Pa"vo (?), n. [L., a peacock. See Peacock.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds, including the peacocks.

   2. (Astron.) The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere.

                                     Pavon

   Pa"von  (?),  n.  A  small  triangular  flag,  esp.  one attached to a
   knight's lance; a pennon.

                                    Pavone

   Pa*vone"  (?), n. [Cf. It. pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L. pavo.] (Zo\'94l.)
   A peacock. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                   Pavonian

   Pa*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a peacock. [R.] Southey.

                                   Pavonine

   Pav"o*nine (?), a. [L. pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See Peacock.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.

   2.  Characteristic  of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as
   in colors; iridescent. P. Cleaveland.

                                      Paw

   Paw (?), n. [OE. pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf. patte, LG. pote, D. poot, G.
   pfote.]

   1. The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc.

   2. The hand. [Jocose] Dryden.
   Paw clam (Zo\'94l.), the tridacna; -- so called because shaped like an
   animal's paw.
   
                                      Paw
                                       
   Paw,  v.  i.  To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape
   with the forefoot. Job xxxix. 21. 

                                      Paw

   Paw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawing.]

   1.  To pass the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to
   handle fondly or rudely.

   2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot.

     His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane. Tickell.

                                     Pawk

   Pawk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small lobster. Travis.

                                     Pawky

   Paw"ky  (?),  a.  [Cf.  AS. p\'91cean to deceive.] Arch; cunning; sly.
   [Scot.] Jamieson.

                                     Pawl

   Pawl  (?),  n.  [W. pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a stake.] (Mach.) A
   pivoted  tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to
   fall  into  notches,  or  interdental  spaces,  on  another part, as a
   ratchet  wheel,  in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction
   and  prevent  it  in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or
   detent.  See  Illust.  of Ratchet Wheel. [Written also paul, or pall.]
   Pawl  bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass, to receive
   the  strain  of  the  pawls. -- Pawl rim OR ring (Naut.), a stationary
   metallic  ring  surrounding  the base of a capstan, having notches for
   the pawls to catch in.

                                     Pawl

   Pawl,  v.  t.  To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off. To pawl the
   capstan. See under Capstan.

                                     Pawn

   Pawn (?), n. See Pan, the masticatory.

                                     Pawn

   Pawn,  n.  [OE.  paune, poun, OF. peon, poon, F. pion, LL. pedo a foot
   soldier,  fr.  L.  pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Pioneer, Peon.]
   (Chess) A man or piece of the lowest rank.

                                     Pawn

   Pawn,  n.  [OF.  pan  pledge,  assurance,  skirt, piece, F. pan skirt,
   lappet, piece, from L. pannus. See Pane.]

   1.  Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the payment of
   money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See Pledge, n., 1.

     As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take pawns without
     use [i.e., interest]. Bacon.

   2.  State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.
   [R.]

     Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown. Shak.

     As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening fatness. Donne.

   3. A stake hazarded in a wager. [Poetic]

     My  life  I  never  held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies.
     Shak.

   In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my honor
   is  at  pawn." Shak. -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker
   for an article pledged.

                                     Pawn

   Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawning.]

   1.  To  give  or  deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of
   money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch.<--
   = to hock (colloq.) -->

     And pawned the last remaining piece of plate. Dryden.

   2.  To  pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to
   wager; to hazard.

     Pawning his honor to obtain his lust. Shak.

                                   Pawnable

   Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of being pawned.

                                  Pawnbroker

   Pawn"bro`ker  (?), n. One who makes a business of lending money on the
   security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.

                                  Pawnbroking

   Pawn"bro`king, n. The business of a pawnbroker.

                                    Pawnee

   Pawn*ee"  (?),  n.  (Law)  One  or  two  whom a pledge is delivered as
   security; one who takes anything in pawn.

                                    Pawnees

   Paw`nees"  (?),  n.  pl.; sing. Pawnee (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians
   (called  also  Loups)  who  formerly occupied the region of the Platte
   river,  but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often
   used  in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees
   and Wichitas. Called also Pani.

                                Pawner, Pawnor

   Pawn"er  (?), Pawn*or" (?), n. (Law) One who pawns or pledges anything
   as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt.

                                    Pawpaw

   Paw`paw" (?), n. (Bot.) See Papaw.

                                      Pax

   Pax (?), n. [L. pax peace. See Peace.]

   1.  (Eccl.)  The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now
   substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.

   2.  (R.  C.  Ch.)  A  tablet or board, on which is a representation of
   Christ,  of  the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass,
   was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in medi\'91val times;
   an osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.

     Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors. Chapman.

                                   Paxillose

   Pax"il*lose` (?), a. [L. paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.) Resembling a
   little stake.

                                   Paxillus

   Pax*il"lus  (?), n.; pl. Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a
   peculiar  kind  of  spines covering the surface of certain starfishes.
   They  are  pillarlike,  with  a flattened summit which is covered with
   minute spinules or granules. See Illustration in Appendix.

                                    Paxwax

   Pax"wax`  (?),  n. [For faxvax, fr. AS. fea hair (akin to OHG. fahs) +
   weaxan  to  grow.  See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.] (Anat.)
   The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects
   the  back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebr\'91,
   and helps to support the head. Called also paxywaxy and packwax.

                                   Paxywaxy

   Pax"y*wax`y (?), n. (Anat.) See Paxwax.

                                      Pay

   Pay  (?),  v.  t. [OF. peier, fr. L. picare to pitch, i pitch: cf. OF.
   peiz  pitch,  F. poix. See Pitch a black substance.] (Naut.) To cover,
   as  bottom  of  a  vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or
   waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.

                                      Pay

   Pay,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paying.] [OE.
   paien,  F.  payer,  fr.  L. pacare to pacify, appease, fr. pax, pacis,
   peace. See Peace.]

   1.  To  satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person)
   for  service  rendered,  property  delivered, etc.; to discharge one's
   obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to
   recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants.

     May no penny ale them pay [i. e., satisfy]. P. Plowman.

     [She] pays me with disdain. Dryden.

   2.  Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to
   merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon.

     For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you. B. Jonson.

   3.  To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing
   what  is  due  or  required;  to deliver the amount or value of to the
   person  to  whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money
   owed). "Pay me that thou owest." Matt. xviii. 28.

     Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 26.

     If they pay this tax, they starve. Tennyson.

   4.  To  discharge  or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as
   that which has been promised.

     This day have I paid my vows. Prov. vii. 14.

   5.  To  give  or  offer,  without  an  implied  obligation; as, to pay
   attention; to pay a visit.

     Not paying me a welcome. Shak.

   To  pay off. (a) To make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off
   the crew of a ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to
   unwind.  --  To pay one's duty, to render homage, as to a sovereign or
   other superior. -- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out; hence, to slacken;
   to allow to run out; as, to pay out more cable. See under Cable. -- To
   pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble. [Colloq.]

                                      Pay

   Pay  (?),  v.  i.  To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or
   satisfaction; to discharge a debt.

     The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again. Ps. xxxvii. 21.

   2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to
   be  remunerative  or  profitable;  to  be  worth  the  effort or pains
   required;  as,  it  will  pay to ride; it will pay to wait; politeness
   always pays.
   To  pay  for.  (a) To make amends for; to atone for; as, men often pay
   for their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with
   life.  (b)  To  give  an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be
   mulcted on account of.

     'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your wakings. Beau. & Fl.

   -- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the
   head  of  a  vessel  under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol. uncertain.] To
   beat with vigor; to redouble blows. [Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol.
   uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's head.

                                      Pay

   Pay, n.

   1. Satisfaction; content. Chaucer.

   2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services
   performed;   salary  or  wages  for  work  or  service;  compensation;
   recompense;  payment;  hire;  as,  the  pay  of  a clerk; the pay of a
   soldier.

     Where only merit constant pay receives. Pope.

     There is neither pay nor plunder to be got. L'Estrange.

   Full   pay,  the  whole  amount  of  wages  or  salary;  maximum  pay;
   especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or military officers
   of a certain rank, without deductions. -- Half pay. See under Half. --
   Pay  day,  the  day  of  settlement of accounts. -- Pay dirt (Mining),
   earth  which  yields  a  profit  to  the  miner. [Western U.S.] -- Pay
   office,  a place where payment is made. -- Pay roll, a roll or list of
   persons  entitled  to  payment, with the amounts due.<-- (b) the total
   sum of money which is paid to all employees on payday -->

                                    Payable

   Pay"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. payable. Cf. Pacable.]

   1.  That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due.
   Drayton.

     Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest. South.

   2.  (Law)  (a) That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value.
   (b) Matured; now due.

                                     Payee

   Pay*ee"  (?), n. The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid;
   the  person  named  in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the
   amount is promised or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange, under
   Bill.

                                     Payen

   Pay"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [F.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Payer

   Pay"er  (?),  n. One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill
   or note has been, or should be, paid.

                                   Paymaster

   Pay"mas`ter  (?),  n.  One  who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or
   requites;  specifically,  an  officer  or  agent  of  a  government, a
   corporation,  or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages,
   etc., and keep account of the same.

                                    Payment

   Pay"ment (?), n. [F. payment, paiement. See Pay to requite.]

   1.  The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt
   or an obligation.

     No man envieth the payment of a debt. Bacon.

   2.  That  which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an
   obligation,  or  in  fulfillment  of  a  promise;  reward; recompense;
   requital; return. Shak.

   3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.]

                                     Payn

   Payn  (?), n. [OF. & F. pain, fr. L. panis bread.] Bread. Having Piers
   Plowman.

                                  Payndemain

   Payn`de*main" (?), n. [OF. pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly, own,
   private.  See  Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so called from the figure
   of  our  Lord impressed upon it.] The finest and whitest bread made in
   the Middle Ages; -- called also paynemain, payman. [Obs.]

                                    Paynim

   Pay"nim (?), n & a. See Painim.

                                    Paynize

   Payn"ize  (?),  v.  t.  [From  Mr.  Payne,  the inventor.] To treat or
   preserve, as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing.

                                     Payor

   Pay*or" (?), n. (Law) See Payer. [R.]

                                     Payse

   Payse (?), v. t. To poise. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                    Paytine

   Pay"tine  (?),  n.  (Chem.)  An  alkaloid  obtained  from a white bark
   resembling that of the cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru.

                                      Pea

   Pea  (?), n. [OF. peis. See Poise.] The sliding weight on a steelyard.
   [Written also pee.]

                                      Pea

   Pea, n. (Naut.) See Peak, n., 3.

                                      Pea

   Pea,  n.;  pl.  Peas (#) or Pease (#). [OE. pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF.
   peis,  F.  pois;  both  fr.  L.  pisum; cf. Gr. s was misunderstood in
   English as a plural ending. Cf. Pease.]

   1.  (Bot.)  A  plant,  and  its  fruit,  of  the  genus Pisum, of many
   varieties,  much  cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower,
   and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod.

     NOTE: &hand; Wh en a  definite number, more than one, is spoken of,
     the plural form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but,
     in a collective sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of
     pease;  they  had  pease  at dinner. This distinction is not always
     preserved, the form peas being used in both senses.

   2.  A  name  given,  especially in the Southern States, to the seed of
   several  leguminous  plants  (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.)
   esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of
   the seed.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e na me pea is given to many leguminous plants more
     or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below.

   Beach  pea (Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed
   pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sph\'91rospermus and its seed. --
   Butterfly  pea,  the  American  plant  Clitoria  Mariana, having showy
   blossoms.  --  Chick  pea.  See  Chick-pea.  --  Egyptian pea. Same as
   Chick-pea.  --  Everlasting  pea. See under Everlasting. -- Glory pea.
   See  under  Glory,  n. -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia;
   goat's  rue.  --  Issue  pea,  Orris  pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and
   Orris.  --  Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a kind of a
   coffee  bean  or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped;
   often  used  adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zo\'94l.)
   Same as Pea weevil. -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal.
   --  Pea  crab  (Zo\'94l.),  any  small  crab of the genus Pinnotheres,
   living  as  a  commensal  in  bivalves; esp., the European species (P.
   pisum)  which  lives  in the common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove
   (Zo\'94l.),  the  American  ground dove. -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a
   suborder   (Papilionace\'91)  of  leguminous  plants  having  blossoms
   essentially   like  that  of  the  pea.  G.  Bentham.  --  Pea  maggot
   (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix pisi), which is very
   destructive  to  peas.  -- Pea ore (Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron,
   occurring  in  round  grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea
   starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used
   in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. -- Pea tree (Bot.), the name
   of several leguminous shrubs of the genus Caragana, natives of Siberia
   and  China.  -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any plant which bears peas. (b) A
   kind  of  vetch  or  tare,  common  in  the  United  States  (Lathyrus
   Americana,  and  other  similar  species). -- Pea weevil (Zo\'94l.), a
   small  weevil  (Bruchus  pisi)  which  destroys peas by eating out the
   interior.  --  Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet pea (Bot.),
   the   annual   plant   Lathyrus   odoratus;  also,  its  many-colored,
   sweet-scented blossoms.

                                    Peabird

   Pea"bird`  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck; -- so called from its note.
   [Prov. Eng.]

                                 Peabody bird

   Pea"bod*y  bird`  (?).  (Zo\'94l.)  An  American  sparrow (Zonotrichia
   albicollis)  having  a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative
   of its note. Called also White-throated sparrow.

                                     Peace

   Peace  (?),  n. [OE. pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. paix, L. pax,
   pacis,  akin  to pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to make an agreement, and
   prob.  also  pangere  to fasten. Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay, v., Fang,
   Pacify,  Pact,  Pay  to  requite.]  A  state of quiet or tranquillity;
   freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose; specifically: (a)
   Exemption  from,  or cessation of, war with public enemies. (b) Public
   quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law. (c) Exemption from,
   or   subjection  of,  agitating  passions;  tranquillity  of  mind  or
   conscience.  (d)  Reconciliation;  agreement  after variance; harmony;
   concord. "The eternal love and pees." Chaucer.

     NOTE: &hand; Pe  ace is   so metimes us ed as  an  ex clamation in 
     commanding silence, quiet, or order. "Peace! foolish woman."

   Shak. At peace, in a state of peace. -- Breach of the peace. See under
   Breach.  --  Justice of the peace. See under Justice. -- Peace of God.
   (Law) (a) A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state
   of  peace  and  good conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of heart which is
   the  gift  of  God. -- Peace offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A voluntary
   offering  to  God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly
   communion  with  Him. (b) A gift or service offered as satisfaction to
   an offended person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer whose duty it is
   to  preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or
   constable.  --  To  hold  one's  peace,  to be silent; to refrain from
   speaking. -- To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with, to plead
   one's  cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. "I will make
   your peace with him." Shak.
   
                                     Peace
                                       
   Peace, v. t. & i. To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.]
   "Peace your tattlings." Shak. 

     When the thunder would not peace at my bidding. Shak.

                                   Peaceable

   Peace"a*ble (?), a. [OE. peisible, F. paisible.] Begin in or at peace;
   tranquil;  quiet;  free  from,  or  not disposed to, war, disorder, or
   excitement;  not  quarrelsome. -- Peace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Peace"a*bly,
   adv.  Syn.  --  Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed;
   serene;  still.  -- Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state
   of  an  individual,  nation, etc., in reference to external hostility,
   attack, etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal disturbance. The former
   denotes  "in  the  spirit  of  peace;"  latter;  "in the possession or
   enjoyment  of  peace."  A  peaceable  adjustment  of  difficulties;  a
   peaceful life, scene.

                                 Peacebreaker

   Peace"break`er   (?),  n.  One  who  disturbs  the  public  peace.  --
   Peace"break`ing, n.

                                   Peaceful

   Peace"ful (?), a.

   1.  Possessing  or  enjoying  peace;  not  disturbed  by  war, tumult,
   agitation,  anxiety,  or  commotion;  quiet;  tranquil; as, a peaceful
   time; a peaceful country; a peaceful end.

   2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific; mild;
   calm;   peaceable;   as,   peaceful  words.  Syn.  --  See  Peaceable.
   --Peace"ful*ly, adv.. -- Peace"ful*ness, n.

                                   Peaceless

   Peace"less, a. Without peace; disturbed. Sandys.

                                  Peacemaker

   Peace"mak`er  (?),  n. One who makes peace by reconciling parties that
   are at variance. Matt. v. 9. --Peace"mak`ing, n.

                                     Peach

   Peach (?), v. t. [See Appeach, Impeach.] To accuse of crime; to inform
   against. [Obs.] Foxe.

                                     Peach

   Peach,  v.  i.  To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice. [Obs. or
   Colloq.]

     If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this. Shak.

                                     Peach

   Peach  (?),  n.  [OE.  peche,  peshe, OF. pesche, F. p\'88che, fr. LL.
   persia, L. Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. Persian,
   and Parsee.] (Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing
   one  or  two  seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the
   tree  which bears it (Prunus, OR Amygdalus Persica). In the wild stock
   the  fruit  is  hard and inedible. Guinea, OR Sierra Leone, peach, the
   large  edible  berry  of  the  Sarcocephalus  esculentus, a rubiaceous
   climbing  shrub of west tropical Africa. -- Palm peach, the fruit of a
   Venezuelan  palm tree (Bactris speciosa). -- Peach color, the pale red
   color  of the peach blossom. -- Peach-tree borer (Zo\'94l.), the larva
   of  a  clearwing  moth (\'92geria, OR Sannina, exitiosa) of the family
   \'92geriid\'91,  which is very destructive to peach trees by boring in
   the  wood, usually near the ground; also, the moth itself. See Illust.
   under Borer.

                                 Peach-colored

   Peach"-col`ored   (?),   a.   Of   the   color  of  a  peach  blossom.
   "Peach-colored satin." Shak.

                                    Peacher

   Peach"er (?), n. One who peaches. [Low] Foxe.

                                   Peachick

   Pea"chick` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chicken of the peacock.

                                    Peachy

   Peach"y (?), a. Resembling a peach or peaches.

                                    Peacock

   Pea"cock`  (?),  n.  [OE. pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS. pe\'a0,
   p\'bewa,  peacock,  fr.  L.  pavo,  prob.  of Oriental origin; cf. Gr.
   t\'beus, t\'bewus, Ar. t\'bewu. See Cock the bird.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.) The male of any pheasant of the genus Pavo, of which at
   least  two  species  are  known,  native of Southern Asia and the East
   Indies.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of
     erection,  are each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric
     bands  of  brilliant  blue,  green,  and  golden colors. The common
     domesticated  species  is  Pavo  cristatus.  The  Javan peacock (P.
     muticus) is more brilliantly colored than the common species.

   2. In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a peafowl.
   Peacock butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a handsome European butterfly (Hamadryas
   Io)  having  ocelli like those of peacock. -- Peacock fish (Zo\'94l.),
   the  European blue-striped wrasse (Labrus variegatus); -- so called on
   account  of its brilliant colors. Called also cook wrasse and cook. --
   Peacock  pheasant  (Zo\'94l.),  any one of several species of handsome
   Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They resemble the peacock
   in color.

                                    Peafowl

   Pea"fowl` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The peacock or peahen; any
   species of Pavo.

                                     Peage

   Pe"age (?), n. See Paage.

                                    Peagrit

   Pea"grit` (?), n. (Min.) A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite.

                                    Peahen

   Pea"hen` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The hen or female peafowl.

                                  Pea-jacket

   Pea"-jack`et  (?),  n.  [Prob.  fr.  D.  pij, pije, a coat of a coarse
   woolen  stuff.]  A  thick  loose  woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by
   sailors in cold weather.

                                     Peak

   Peak (?), n. [OE. pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. peac a
   sharp-pointed thing. Cf. Pike.]

   1.  A  point;  the  sharp  end or top of anything that terminates in a
   point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap. "Run your beard into a peak."
   Beau. & Fl.

   2.  The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending
   in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; as,
   the Peak of Teneriffe.

     Silent upon a peak in Darien. Keats.

   3.  (Naut.)  (a) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; --
   used  in  many  combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc. (b)
   The  narrow  part  of  a  vessel's bow, or the hold within it. (c) The
   extremity  of  an  anchor  fluke; the bill. [In the last sense written
   also pea and pee.]
   Fore peak. (Naut.) See under Fore.

                                     Peak

   Peak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peaking.]

   1.  To  rise  or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a
   peak.

     There peaketh up a mighty high mount. Holand.

   2.  To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or
   sicky. "Dwindle, peak, and pine." Shak.

   3. [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep slyly. Shak.
   Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or Gothic arch.

                                     Peak

   Peak,  v.  t.  (Naut.)  To  raise to a position perpendicular, or more
   nearly  so;  as, to peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff or
   yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.

                                    Peaked

   Peaked (?), a.

   1. Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked roof.

   2. (Oftener Sickly; not robust. [Colloq.]
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1055

                                    Peaking

   Peak"ing (?), a.

   1. Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar]

   2. Pining; sickly; peakish. [Colloq.]

                                    Peakish

   Peak"ish, a.

   1.  Of  or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous
   region.  "Her  peakish  spring."  Drayton.  "His peakish dialect." Bp.
   Hall.

   2. Having peaks; peaked.

   3.  Having  features  thin  or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly.
   [Colloq.]

                                     Peaky

   Peak"y (?), a.

   1. Having a peak or peaks. Tennyson.

   2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.]

                                     Peal

   Peal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A small salmon; a grilse;
   a sewin. [Prov. Eng.]

                                     Peal

   Peal, v. i. To appeal. [Obs.] Spencer.

                                     Peal

   Peal, n. [An abbrev. of F. appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr.
   appeller to call, L. appellare. See Appeal.]

   1. A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder,
   cannon,  shouts,  of  a  multitude,  etc.  "A fair peal of artillery."
   Hayward.

     Whether those peals of praise be his or no. Shak.

     And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar. Byron.

   2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale;
   also, the changes rung on a set of bells.
   To ring a peal. See under Ring.

                                     Peal

   Peal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pealing.]

   1. To utter or give out loud sounds.

     There let the pealing organ blow. Milton.

   2. To resound; to echo.

     And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men. Longfellow.

                                     Peal

   Peal, v. t.

   1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to
   noise abroad.

     The  warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of
     fame. J. Barlow.

   2. To assail with noise or loud sounds.

     Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton.

   3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

                                     Pean

   Pean  (?), n. [OF. pene, F. panne.] (Her.) One of the furs, the ground
   being sable, and the spots or tufts or.

                                     Pean

   Pe"an (?), n. A song of praise and triumph. See P\'91an.

                                    Peanism

   Pe"an*ism  (?),  n. [Gr. The song or shout of praise, of battle, or of
   triumph. [R.]

                                    Peanut

   Pea"nut  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  The  fruit  of  a trailing leguminous plant
   (Arachis   hypog\'91a);  also,  the  plant  itself,  which  is  widely
   cultivated for its fruit.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e fr uit is  a  hard pod, usually containing two or
     three  seeds,  sometimes  but  one,  which  ripen beneath the soil.
     Called also earthnut, groundnut, and goober.

                                     Pear

   Pear  (?), n. [OE. pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F. poire. Cf. Perry.]
   (Bot.)  The  fleshy  pome,  or  fruit,  of  a  rosaceous  tree  (Pyrus
   communis),  cultivated  in many varieties in temperate climates; also,
   the  tree which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. Pear blight.
   (a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing
   a  destruction  of  the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect
   (Xyleborus  pyri),  and  that  caused  by  the  freezing of the sap in
   winter.  A.  J. Downing. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus
   pyri) whose larv\'91 bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to
   wither.  --  Pear  family  (Bot.),  a  suborder  of  rosaceous  plants
   (Pome\'91),  characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit,
   and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple,
   pear,  quince, service berry, and hewthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics), a
   kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; --
   so  called  because  consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel.
   Pear shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula,
   native  of  tropical  seas;  -- so called from the shape. -- Pear slug
   (Zo\'94l.),  the  larva  of  a  sawfly  which is very injurious to the
   foliage of the pear tree. <-- Illustr. of pear slug (Celandria cerasi)
   -->

                                    Pearch

   Pearch (?), n. [Obs.] See Perch.

                                     Pearl

   Pearl  (?),  n.  A  fringe  or  border.  [Obs.] -- v. t. To fringe; to
   border. [Obs.] See Purl. Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch, under Purl.

                                     Pearl

   Pearl,  n.  [OE.  perle,  F.  perle,  LL.  perla, perula, probably fr.
   (assumed)  L.  pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl
   to mantle.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  shelly  concretion,  usually  rounded, and having a
   brilliant  luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between
   the  mantle  and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the
   pearl  oysters  and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves.
   It  is  usually  due  to  a  secretion of shelly substance around some
   irritating  foreign  particle.  Its substance is the same as nacre, or
   mother-of-pearl.  Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine
   luster,  are  highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the
   precious stones.

   2.  Hence,  figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very
   precious.

     I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl. Shak.

     And those pearls of dew she wears. Milton.

   3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.

   4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.

   5. (Zo\'94l.) A light-colored tern.

   6.  (Zo\'94l.)  One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a
   deer's antler.

   7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton.

   8.  A  capsule  of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid
   for medicinal application, as ether.

   9.  (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond. \'b5 This line
   is printed in the type called pearl.
   Ground pearl. (Zo\'94l.) See under Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of
   barley,  ground so as to form small, round grains. -- Pearl diver, one
   who  dives for pearl oysters. -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on
   the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging
   to  be  sewed  on  lace. -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a
   very  pale  and  delicate  blue-gray  color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian
   millet  (Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen. -- Pearl
   moth  (Zo\'94l.),  any  moth  of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on
   account  of  its  pearly color. -- Pearl oyster (Zo\'94l.), any one of
   several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus
   Meleagrina,  or Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at
   Ceylon),  in  the  Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the
   Pacific  coast  of America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel.
   --  Pearl  powder.  See Pearl white, below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the
   form of small pearly grains. -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl
   spar  (Min.),  a  crystallized  variety  of  dolomite, having a pearly
   luster.  --  Pearl  white.  (a)  Basic  bismuth  nitrate,  or  bismuth
   subchloride;  --  used  chiefly  as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white
   lead  blued  with  indigo  or  Berlin blue.<-- cultured pearl, a pearl
   grown  by a pearl oyster into which a round pellet has been placed, to
   serve as the seed for more predictable growth of the pearl. The pellet
   is  usually  made from mother-of-pearl, and additional layers of nacre
   are  deposited  onto  the  seed by the oyster. Such pearls, being more
   easily obtained than natural pearls, are less expensive. -->

                                     Pearl

   Pearl  (?), a. Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or
   of mother-of-pearl.

                                     Pearl

   Pearl, v. t.

   1.  To  set  or  adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also
   figuratively.

   2.  To  cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as,
   to pearl barley.

                                     Pearl

   Pearl, v. i.

   1. To resemble pearl or pearls.

   2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling.

                                  Pearlaceous

   Pearl*a"ceous  (?),  a. Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in
   quality or appearance.

                                   Pearlash

   Pearl"ash`  (?),  n.  (Chem.)  A white amorphous or granular substance
   which  consists  principally  of potassium carbonate, and has a strong
   alkaline  reaction.  It  is  obtained  by  lixiviating wood ashes, and
   evaporating  the  lye,  and  has been an important source of potassium
   compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc.

                                  Pearl-eyed

   Pearl"-eyed`  (?), a. Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with
   the cataract.

                                   Pearlfish

   Pearl"fish`   (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  fish  whose  scales  yield  a
   pearl-like  pigment  used  in  manufacturing artificial pearls, as the
   bleak, and whitebait.

                              Pearlins, Pearlings

   Pearl"ins   (?),  Pearl"ings  (?),  n.  pl.  [Prob.  a  corruption  of
   purflings.  See Purfle.] A kind of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.] Sir
   W. Scott.

                             Pearlite, Pearlstone

   Pearl"ite (?), Pearl"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A glassy volcanic rock of a
   grayish   color   and   pearly  luster,  often  having  a  spherulitic
   concretionary   structure   due  to  the  curved  cracks  produced  by
   contraction in cooling. See Illust. under Perlitic.

                                   Pearlwort

   Pearl"wort`  (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of Sagina,
   low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family.

                                    Pearly

   Pearl"y (?), a.

   1.  Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls; as, pearly
   shells. Milton.

   2.  Resembling  pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent;
   as, the pearly dew or flood.

                                   Pearmain

   Pear"main  (?), n. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of apples; as, the
   blue pearmain, winter pearmain, and red pearmain.

                                  Pear-shaped

   Pear"-shaped` (?), a. Of the form of a pear.

                                     Peart

   Peart (?), a. [A variant of pert, a.] Active; lively; brisk; smart; --
   often  applied  to  convalescents;  as, she is quite peart to-day. [O.
   Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

     There  was  a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray, As peart as
     bird,  as  straight  as  bolt,  as  fresh as flowers in May. Warner
     (1592).

                                    Peasant

   Peas"ant  (?),  n. [OF. pa\'8bsant (the i being perh. due to confusion
   with  the  p.pr.  of  verbs),  pa\'8bsan, F. paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays
   country, fr. L. pagus the country. See Pagan.] A countryman; a rustic;
   especially, one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European
   countries. Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.

                                    Peasant

   Peas"ant, a. Rustic, rural. Spenser.

                                  Peasantlike

   Peas"ant*like` (?), a. Rude; clownish; illiterate.

                                   Peasantly

   Peas"ant*ly, a. Peasantlike. [Obs.] Milton.

                                   Peasantry

   Peas"ant*ry (?), n.

   1.  Peasants,  collectively;  the body of rustics. "A bold peasantry."
   Goldsmith.

   2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.] p. Butler.

                                    Peascod

   Peas"cod` (?), n. The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.

                                     Pease

   Pease (?), n.; obs.pl. Peases (#), Peasen (#). [See Pea.]

   1. A pea. [Obs.] "A peose." "Bread . . . of beans and of peses." Piers
   Plowman.

   2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note under Pea.

                                   Peastone

   Pea"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Pisolite.

                                   Peasweep

   Peas"weep`  (?), n. [So called from its note.] [Prov. Eng.] (Zo\'94l.)
   (a) The pewit, or lapwing. (b) The greenfinch.

                                     Peat

   Peat (?), n. [Cf. Pet a fondling.] A small person; a pet; -- sometimes
   used contemptuously. [Obs.] Shak.

                                     Peat

   Peat,  n.  [Prob. for beat, prop., material used to make the fire burn
   better,  fr.  AS. b to better, mend (a fire), b advantage. See Better,
   Boot  advantage.] A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots
   and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and found,
   as  a  kind  of  turf  or  bog, usually in low situations, where it is
   always  more  or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used
   for  fuel. Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in
   such  places;  peat  moss.  --  Peat  moss. (a) The plants which, when
   decomposed,  become peat. (b) A fen producing peat. (c) (Bot.) Moss of
   the  genus  Sphagnum,  which  often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty
   places.  --  Peat  reek,  the  reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the
   peculiar  flavor given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel.
   [Scot.]

                                     Peaty

   Peat"y (?), a. Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.

                                     Peba

   Pe"ba  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Pg.  peba.]  (Zo\'94l.)  An  armadillo (Tatusia
   novemcincta)  which  is  found  from Texas to Paraguay; -- called also
   tatouhou.

                                    Pebble

   Peb"ble  (?),  n.  [AS.  papolst\'ben; cf. L. papula pimple, mote. See
   Stone.]

   1.  A  small  roundish  stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and
   rounded  by  the  action  of water; a pebblestone. "The pebbles on the
   hungry beach." Shak.

     As children gathering pebbles on the shore. Milton.

   2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as, Brazilian pebble; -- so
   called by opticians.
   Pebble  powder,  slow-burning  gunpowder,  in large cubical grains. --
   Scotch  pebble,  varieties  of  quartz,  as  agate,  chalcedony, etc.,
   obtained from cavities in amygdaloid.

                                    Pebble

   Peb"ble,  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pebbling.] To
   grain  (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with small rounded
   prominences.

                                    Pebbled

   Peb"bled (?), a. Abounding in pebbles. Thomson.

                                  Pebblestone

   Peb"ble*stone`  (?).  A pebble; also, pebbles collectively. "Chains of
   pebblestone." Marlowe.

                                    Pebbly

   Peb"bly  (?),  a.  Full  of pebbles; pebbled. "A hard, pebbly bottom."
   Johnson.

                                    Pebrine

   Pe`brine"   (?),   n.  [F.]  An  epidemic  disease  of  the  silkworm,
   characterized  by  the  presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the
   blood.

                                     Pecan

   Pe*can"  (?),  n. [Cf. F. pacane the nut.] (Bot.) A species of hickory
   (Carya  oliv\'91formis),  growing  in  North  America,  chiefly in the
   Mississippi  valley  and  in  Texas, where it is one of the largest of
   forest  trees;  also,  its  fruit, a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an
   inch  and  a  half  long,  with  a  thin shell and well-flavored meat.
   [Written also pacane.]

                                    Pecary

   Pec"a*ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Peccary.

                                  Peccability

   Pec`ca*bil"i*ty  (?),  n.  The  state  or  quality  of being peccable;
   lability to sin.

     The common peccability of mankind. Dr. H. More.

                                   Peccable

   Pec"ca*ble  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  peccable. See Peccant.] Liable to sin;
   subject  to  transgress the divine law. "A frail and peccable mortal."
   Sir W. Scott.

                                  Peccadillo

   Pec`ca*dil"lo  (?),  n;  pl.  Peccadillos (#). [Sp. pecadillo, dim. of
   pecado  a  sin,  fr.  L.  peccatum. See Peccant.] A slight trespass or
   offense; a petty crime or fault. Sir W. Scott.

                                   Peccancy

   Pec"can*cy (?), n. [L. peccantia.]

   1. The quality or state of being peccant.

   2. A sin; an offense. W. Montagu.

                                    Peccant

   Pec"cant  (?), a. [L. peccans, -antis, p.pr. of peccare to sin: cf. F.
   peccant.]

   1.  Sinning;  guilty  of  transgression; criminal; as, peccant angels.
   Milton.

   2. Morbid; corrupt; as, peccant humors. Bacon.

   3. Wrong; defective; faulty. [R.] Ayliffe.

                                    Peccant

   Pec"cant, n. An offender. [Obs.] Whitlock.

                                   Peccantly

   Pec"cant*ly, adv. In a peccant manner.

                                    Peccary

   Pec"ca*ry  (?), n.; pl. Peccaries (#). [From the native South American
   name:  cf.  F.  p\'82cari,  Sp.  pecar.] (Zo\'94l.) A pachyderm of the
   genus Dicotyles.

     NOTE: &hand; The collared peccary, or tajacu (Dicotyles torquatus),
     is  about  the  size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring
     aroung  the  neck.  It  ranges  from  Arkansas  to Brazil. A larger
     species  (D.  labiatus),  with  white  cheeks,  is  found  in South
     America.

                                    Peccavi

   Pec*ca"vi  (?).  [L.]  I  have sinned; -- used colloquially to express
   confession or acknowledgment of an offense. Aubrey. <-- seldom used --
   same purpose served by mea culpa -->

                                     Pecco

   Pec"co (?), n. See Pekoe.

                                     Peck

   Peck,  n.  [Perh. akin to pack; or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and
   fr. peck, v. (below): cf. also F. picotin a peak.]

   1.  The  fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a
   peck of wheat. "A peck of provender." Shak.

   2.   A  great  deal;  a  large  or  excessive  quantity.  "A  peck  of
   uncertainties and doubts." Milton.

                                     Peck

   Peck,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Pecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pecking.] [See
   Pick, v.]

   1.  To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a bird pecks
   a tree.

   2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed
   instrument;  especially,  to  strike,  pick, etc., with repeated quick
   movements.

   3.  To  seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite;
   to eat; -- often with up. Addison.

     This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas. Shak.

   4.  To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to
   peck a hole in a tree.

                                     Peck

   Peck, v. i.

   1. To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed instrument. Carew.

   2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat.

     [The hen] went pecking by his side. Dryden.

   To  peck  at,  to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to
   nag; to tease.
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   Page 1056

                                     Peck

   Peck  (?),  n.  A quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a
   pointed instrument.

                                    Pecker

   Peck"er (?), n.

   1.  One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in
   trees; a woodpecker.

   2. An instrument for pecking; a pick. Garth.
   Flower pecker. (Zo\'94l.) See under Flower.

                                    Peckish

   Peck"ish,  a.  Inclined  to  eat; hungry. [Colloq.] "When shall I feel
   peckish again?" Beaconsfield.

                                    Peckled

   Pec"kled (?), a. Speckled; spotted. [Obs.]

                                  Pecopteris

   Pe*cop"te*ris  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extensive genus of
   fossil ferns; -- so named from the regular comblike arrangement of the
   leaflets.

                                    Pecora

   Pec"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pecus. See Pecuniary.] (Zo\'94l.) An
   extensive  division  of  ruminants, including the antelopes, deer, and
   cattle.

                                    Pectate

   Pec"tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pectic acid.

                                    Pecten

   Pec"ten  (?),  n.  [L. pecten, -inis, a comb, a kind of shellfish. See
   Pectinate.]

   1.  (Anat.)  (a)  A  vascular  pigmented  membrane projecting into the
   vitreous  humor  within  the  globe  of  the eye in birds, and in many
   reptiles and fishes; -- also called marsupium. (b) The pubic bone.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten, and
   numerous allied genera (family Pectinid\'91); a scallop. See Scallop.

   3. (Zo\'94l.) The comb of a scorpion. See Comb, 4 (b).

                                    Pectic

   Pec"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to pectin; specifically,
   designating an acid obtained from ordinary vegetable jelly (pectin) as
   an  amorphous substance, tough and horny when dry, but gelatinous when
   moist.

                                    Pectin

   Pec"tin   (?),   n.   [Gr.  pectine.]  (Chem.)  One  of  a  series  of
   carbohydrates,  commonly  called  vegetable  jelly,  found very widely
   distributed  in  the  vegetable  kingdom,  especially  in  ripe fleshy
   fruits,  as  apples,  cranberries,  etc.  It is extracted as variously
   colored,  translucent  substances,  which are soluble in hot water but
   become viscous on cooling.

                                   Pectinal

   Pec"ti*nal  (?),  a. [L. pecten comb. See Pectinate.] Of or pertaining
   to a comb; resembling a comb.

                                   Pectinal

   Pec"ti*nal, n. A fish whose bone Sir T. Browne.

                             Pectinate, Pectinated

   Pec"ti*na`te  (?),  Pec"ti*na`ted  (?),  a.  [L.  pectinatus, p.pr. of
   pectinare to comb, from pecten, -inis, a comb; cf. Gr. feax hair, OHG.
   fahs, E. paxwax.]

   1. Resembling the teeth of a comb.

   2.  (Nat.  Hist.)  Having very narrow, close divisions, in arrangement
   and  regularity  resembling those of a comb; comblike; as, a pectinate
   leaf; pectinated muscles. See Illust. (e) of Antenn\'91.

   3.  Interlaced,  like two combs. [R.] "Our fingers pectinated, or shut
   together." Sir T. Browne.
   Pectinate claw (Zo\'94l.), a claw having a serrate edge, found in some
   birds, and supposed to be used in cleaning the feathers.

                                  Pectinately

   Pec"ti*nate*ly (?), adv. In a pectinate manner.

                                  Pectination

   Pec`ti*na"tion (?), n.

   1.  The  state  of  being pectinated; that which is pectinated. Sir T.
   Browne.

   2. The act of combing; the combing of the head.

   3. (Nat. Hist.) Comblike toothing.

                                   Pectineal

   Pec*tin"e*al (?), a. [See Pecten.] (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the
   pecten. (b) Relating to, or connected with, the pubic bone.

                                 Pectinibranch

   Pec*tin"i*branch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also
   used adjectively.

                               Pectinibranchiata

   Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta  (?),  n.  pl. [NL. See Pecten, and Branchia.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A  division  of  Gastropoda,  including  those that have a
   comblike gill upon the neck.

                               Pectinibranchiate

   Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate  (?),  a.  [L.  pecten,  -inis,  a  comb  +  E.
   branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having pectinated gills.

                                  Pectiniform

   Pec*tin"i*form (?), a. Comblike in form.

                                    Pectize

   Pec*tize"  (?),  v.  i.  [Gr.  To congeal; to change into a gelatinous
   mass. [R.] H. Spencer.

                                   Pectolite

   Pec"to*lite  (?),  n.  [L.  pecten  a  comb + -lite.] (Min.) A whitish
   mineral  occurring  in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It is a
   hydrous silicate of lime and soda.

                                   Pectoral

   Pec"to*ral  (?),  a. [L. pectoralis, fr. pectus, -oris the breast; cf.
   F. pectoral.]

   1. Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the pectoral muscles.

   2.  Relating  to,  or  good for, diseases of the chest or lungs; as, a
   pectoral remedy.

   3.  (Zo\'94l.)  Having  the  breast  conspicuously  colored;  as,  the
   pectoral sandpiper.
   Pectoral  arch,  OR  Pectoral  girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or
   cartilaginous  pieces  of  the  vertebrate  skeleton to which the fore
   limbs  are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists of two
   bones,  the  scapula  and  clavicle,  on each side. -- Pectorial cross
   (Eccl.),  a  cross  worn  on  the  breast  by  bishops and abbots, and
   sometimes also by canons. -- Pectorial fins, OR Pectorials (Zo\'94l.),
   fins  situated  on the sides, behind the gills. See Illust. under Fin.
   --  Pectorial  rail.  (Zo\'94l.)  See  Land  rail  (b)  under Land. --
   Pectorial sandpiper (Zo\'94l.), the jacksnipe (b).

                                   Pectoral

   Pec"to*ral (?), n. [L. pectorale a breastplate, neut. of pectorials.]

   1. A covering or protecting for the breast.

   2.  (Eccl.)  (a)  A  breastplate,  esp.  that  worn by the Jewish high
   person. (b) A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.

   3. A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs.

                                  Pectorally

   Pec"to*ral*ly (?), adv. As connected with the breast.

                                Pectoriloquial

   Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al  (?),  a. [Cf. F. pectoriloque.] Pertaining to, or
   of the nature of, pectoriloquy.

                                Pectoriloquism

   Pec`to*ril"o*quism (?), n. Pectoriloquy.

                                Pectoriloquous

   Pec`to*ril"o*quous (?), a. Pectoriloquial.

                                 Pectoriloquy

   Pec`to*ril"o*quy  (?),  n.  [L.  pectus,  -oris, the breast + loqui to
   speak:  cf. F. pectoriloquie.] (Med.) The distinct articulation of the
   sounds of a patient's voice, heard on applying the ear to the chest in
   auscultation.  It usually indicates some morbid change in the lungs or
   pleural cavity.

                                    Pectose

   Pec"tose`   (?),   n.  [Pectic  +  cellulose.]  (Chem.)  An  amorphous
   carbohydrate found in the vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It
   is  associated with cellulose, and is converted into substances of the
   pectin group.

                                   Pectosic

   Pec*to"sic  (?),  a.  (Chem.)Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived
   from,   pectose;   specifically,   designating  an  acid  supposed  to
   constitute largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.

                                  Pectostraca

   Pec*tos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A degenerate order
   of Crustacea, including the Rhizocephala and Cirripedia.

                                    Pectous

   Pec"tous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.

                                    Pectus

   Pec"tus  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pectora (#). [L., the breast.] (Zo\'94l.) The
   breast of a bird.

                                     Pecul

   Pec"ul (?), n. See Picul.

                                   Peculate

   Pec"u*late  (?),  v.  i.  [imp. & p. p. Peculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Peculating.]  [L.  peculatus,  p.p.  of  peculari to peculate, akin to
   peculium  private property. See Peculiar.] To appropriate to one's own
   use  the  property  of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to
   one's care; to embezzle.

     An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating despotism. Burke.

                                  Peculation

   Pec`u*la"tion  (?),  n.  The  act  or  practice  of  peculating, or of
   defrauding  the  public by appropriating to one's own use the money or
   goods   intrusted  to  one's  care  for  management  or  disbursement;
   embezzlement.

     Every  British subject . . . active in the discovery of peculations
     has been ruined. Burke.

                                   Peculator

   Pec"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peculates. "Peculators of the public
   gold." Cowper.

                                   Peculiar

   Pe*cul"iar (?), a. [L. peculiaris, fr. peculium private property, akin
   to pecunia money: cf. OF. peculier. See Pecuniary.]

   1.  One's  own;  belonging  solely or especially to an individual; not
   possessed   by   others;   of  private,  personal,  or  characteristic
   possession and use; not owned in common or in participation.

     And purify unto himself a peculiar people. Titus ii. 14.

     Hymns . . . that Christianity hath peculiar unto itself. Hooker.

   2. Particular; individual; special; appropriate.

     While each peculiar power forgoes his wonted seat. Milton.

     My fate is Juno's most peculiar care. Dryden.

   3.   Unusual;   singular;   rare;   strange;   as,   the   sky  had  a
   peculiarappearance.  Syn.  -- Peculiar, Special, Especial. Peculiar is
   from   the   Roman  peculium,  which  was  a  thing  emphatically  and
   distinctively  one's  own, and hence was dear. The former sense always
   belongs  to  peculiar  (as, a peculiar style, peculiar manners, etc.),
   and  usually so much of the latter as to involve feelings of interest;
   as,  peculiar  care,  watchfulness, satisfaction, etc. Nothing of this
   kind belongs to special and especial. They mark simply the relation of
   species to genus, and denote that there is something in this case more
   than ordinary; as, a special act of Congress; especial pains, etc.

     Beauty,  which,  either  walking  or  asleep,  Shot  forth peculiar
     graces. Milton.

     For  naught  so  vile that on the earth doth live, But to the earth
     some special good doth give. Shak.

                                   Peculiar

   Pe*cul"iar, n.

   1.   That   which  is  peculiar;  a  sole  or  exclusive  property;  a
   prerogative; a characteristic.

     Revenge is . . . the peculiar of Heaven. South.

   2. (Eng. Canon Law) A particular parish or church which is exempt from
   the jurisdiction of the ordinary.
   Court  of Peculiars (Eng. Law), a branch of the Court of Arches having
   cognizance  of  the  affairs  of  peculiars.  Blackstone.  --  Dean of
   peculiars. See under Dean, 1.

                                  Peculiarity

   Pe*cul`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Peculiarities (.

   1. The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality; singularity.
   Swift.

   2. That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or
   habit; particularity.

     The smallest peculiarity of temper on manner. Macaulay.

   3. Exclusive possession or right. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

                                  Peculiarize

   Pe*cul"iar*ize  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecularized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Pecularizing (?).] To make peculiar; to set appart or assign, as an
   exclusive possession. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

                                  Peculiarly

   Pe*cul"iar*ly,  adv.  In a peculiar manner; particulary; in a rare and
   striking degree; unusually.

                                 Peculiarness

   Pe*cul"iar*ness,   n.   The   quality  or  state  of  being  peculiar;
   peculiarity. Mede.

                                   Peculium

   Pe*cu"li*um (?), n. [L. See Peculiar.]

   1.  (Rom.  Law)  The  saving  of a son or a slave with the father's or
   master's  consent;  a  little  property  or  stock  of  one's own; any
   exclusive personal or separate property. Burrill.

   2. A special fund for private and personal uses.

     A  slight  peculium  only  subtracted  to  supply his snuff box and
     tobacco pouch. Sir W. Scott.

                                   Pecunial

   Pe*cu"ni*al (?), a. Pecuniary. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Pecuniarily

   Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly (?), adv. In a pecuniary manner; as regards money.

                                   Pecuniary

   Pe*cun"ia*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  pecuniarius,  fr.  pecunia  money, orig.,
   property  in  cattle, fr. pecus cattle: cf. F. p\'82cuniaire. See Fee,
   and cf. Peculiar.]

   1.  Relating  to money; monetary; as, a pecuniary penalty; a pecuniary
   reward. Burke.

                                   Pecunious

   Pe*cu"ni*ous   (?),   a.   [L.   pecuniosus,   fr.   pecunia:  cf.  F.
   p\'82cunieux.] Abounding in money; wealthy; rich. [Obs.] Sherwood.

                                      Ped

   Ped  (?),  n. [OE. See Peddler.] A basket; a hammer; a pannier. [Obs.]
   Halliwell.

                                    Pedage

   Ped"age  (?),  n.  [LL. pedagium, for pedaticum. See Paage.] A toll or
   tax paid by passengers, entitling them to safe-conduct and protection.
   [Obs.] Spelman.

                                    Pedagog

   Ped"a*gog (?), n. Pedagogue.

                                   Pedagogic

   Ped`a*gog"ic  (?),  n.  [From  Pedagogic,  a.;  cf. G. pedagogik.] See
   Pedagogics.

                            Pedagogic, Pedagogical

   Ped`a*gog"ic  (?),  Ped`a*gog"ic*al  (?),  a. [Gr. p\'82dagogique. See
   Pedagogue.]   Of   or   pertaining  to  a  pedagogue;  suited  to,  or
   characteristic of, a pedagogue.

                                  Pedagogics

   Ped`a*gog"ics  (?),  n. The science or art of teaching; the principles
   and rules of teaching; pedagogy.

                                  Pedagogism

   Ped"a*gog*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dagogisme.] The system, occupation,
   character, or manner of pedagogues. Milton.

     Avocation of pedantry and pedagogism. De Foe.

                                   Pedagogue

   Ped"a*gogue  (?),  n.  [F.  p\'82dagogue,  L.  paedagogus,  Gr. Page a
   servant, Agent.]

   1.  (Gr.  Antiq.) A slave who led his master's children to school, and
   had the charge of them generally.

   2.  A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young;
   a schoolmaster.

   3. One who by teaching has become formal, positive, or pedantic in his
   ways; one who has the manner of a schoolmaster; a pedant. Goldsmith.

                                   Pedagogue

   Ped"a*gogue,  v.  t.  [Cf.  L.  paedagogare  to instruct.] To play the
   pedagogue toward. [Obs.] Prior.

                                   Pedagogy

   Ped"a*go`gy (?), n. [Gr. p\'82dagogie.] Pedagogics; pedagogism. South.

                                     Pedal

   Pe"dal  (?),  a.  [L. pedalis, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf.
   Pew.]

   1.   Of   or  pertaining  to  the  foot,  or  to  feet,  literally  or
   figuratively;  specifically  (Zo\'94l.),  pertaining  to the foot of a
   mollusk; as, the pedal ganglion.

   2. ( Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals. Pedal curve
   OR  surface  (Geom.),  the  curve or surface which is the locus of the
   feet  of  perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon the straight
   lines  tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes tangent to a given
   surface.  --  Pedal  note  (Mus.), the note which is held or sustained
   through  an  organ point. See Organ point, under Organ. -- Pedal organ
   (Mus.),  an  organ  which  has  pedals or a range of keys moved by the
   feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the feet.

                                     Pedal

   Pe"dal (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82dale, It. pedale. See Pedal, a.]

   1.  (Mech.)  A lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte
   to raise the dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes;
   a treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.

   2. (Geom.) A pedal curve or surface.

                                   Pedalian

   Pe*da"li*an  (?),  a.  Relating  to  the  foot, or to a metrical foot;
   pedal. [R.] Maunder.

                                   Pedality

   Pe*dal"i*ty (?), n. The act of measuring by paces. [R.] Ash.

                                   Pedaneous

   Pe*da"ne*ous  (?),  a.  [L.  pedaneus of the size of a foot.] Going on
   foot; pedestrian. [R.]

                                    Pedant

   Ped"ant  (?),  n.  [F.  p\'82dant, It. pedante, fr. Gr. pai^s boy. See
   Pedagogue.]

   1. A schoolmaster; a pedagogue. [Obs.] Dryden.

     A pedant that keeps a school i'th' church. Shak.

   2. One who puts on an air of learning; one who makes a vain display of
   learning; a pretender to superior knowledge. Addison.

     A scholar, yet surely no pedant, was he. Goldsmith.

                             Pedantic, Pedantical

   Pe*dan"tic  (?),  Pe*dan"tic*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pedant;
   characteristic  of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious of learning;
   as,   a   pedantic   writer;  a  pedantic  description;  a  pedantical
   affectation. "Figures pedantical." Shak.

                                 Pedantically

   Pe*dan"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pedantic manner.

                                  Pedanticly

   Pe*dan"tic*ly (?), adv. Pedantically. [R.]

                                   Pedantism

   Ped"ant*ism  (?),  n.  The  office,  disposition,  or act of a pedant;
   pedantry. [Obs.]

                                   Pedantize

   Ped"ant*ize  (?), v. i. [Cf. F. p\'82dantiser.] To play the pedant; to
   use pedantic expressions. [R.]

                                 Pedantocracy

   Ped`an*toc"ra*cy  (?),  n.  [Pedant + democracy.] The sway of pedants.
   [R.] J. S. Mill.

                                   Pedantry

   Ped"ant*ry  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  p\'82danterie.] The act, character, or
   manners  of  a pedant; vain ostentation of learning. "This pedantry of
   quotation." Cowley.

     'T is a practice that savors much of pedantry. Sir T. Browne.

                                    Pedanty

   Ped"ant*y (?), n. An assembly or clique of pedants. [Obs.] Milton.

                                   Pedarian

   Pe*da"ri*an  (?), n. [L. pedarius, fr. pedarius belonging to the foot,
   fr.  pes,  pedis,  foot.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of a class eligible to the
   office  of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in the
   senate, but could not vote; -- so called because he might indicate his
   opinion  by  walking  over  to the side of the party he favored when a
   vote was taken.

                                    Pedary

   Ped"a*ry  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pedaries  (#).  [L. pedarius of the foot.] A
   sandal. [Obs.] Latimer.

                                    Pedata

   Pe*da"ta  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Pedate.]  (Zo\'94l.)  An  order of
   holothurians,  including  those that have ambulacral suckers, or feet,
   and an internal gill.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1057

                                    Pedate

   Ped"ate  (?), a. [L. pedatus, p.p. of pedare to furnish with feet, fr.
   pes, pedis, a foot.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into
   two or more segments; -- said of a leaf. -- Ped"ate*ly, adv.

                                   Pedatifid

   Pe*dat"i*fid (?), a. [Pedate + root of L. findere to split.] [Colloq.]
   Cleft in a pedate manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at
   the base; -- said of a leaf.

                                    Peddle

   Ped"dle (?), v. i. [From Peddler.]

   1.  To travel about with wares for sale; to go from place to place, or
   from house to house, for the purpose of retailing goods; as, to peddle
   without a license.

   2. To do a small business; to be busy about trifles; to piddle.

                                    Peddle

   Ped"dle,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Peddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peddling
   (?).]  To  sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from
   customer  to  customer;  to  hawk;  hence,  to  retail  in  very small
   quantities; as, to peddle vegetables or tinware.

                                    Peddler

   Ped"dler  (?),  n.  [OE. pedlere, pedlare, also peddare, peoddare, fr.
   OE.  ped  a  basket,  of unknown origin.] One who peddles; a traveling
   trader;  one  who  travels  about,  retailing  small  wares; a hawker.
   [Written also pedlar and pedler.] "Some vagabond huckster or peddler."
   Hakluyt.

                                   Peddlery

   Ped"dler*y (?), n. [Written also pedlary and pedlery.]

   1.  The  trade,  or  the  goods,  of  a peddler; hawking; small retail
   business, like that of a peddler.

   2.  Trifling;  trickery. [Obs.] "Look . . . into these their deceitful
   peddleries." Milton.

                                   Peddling

   Ped"dling, a.

   1. Hawking; acting as a peddler.

   2.   Petty;  insignificant.  "The  miserable  remains  of  a  peddling
   commerce." Burke.

                                   Pederast

   Ped"er*ast  (?),  n. [Gr. paiderasth`s; pai^s, paido`s, a boy + 'era^n
   to love: cf. F. p\'82d\'82raste.] One guilty of pederasty; a sodomite.

                                  Pederastic

   Ped`er*as"tic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  paiderastiko`s.]  Of  or  pertaining to
   pederasty.

                                   Pederasty

   Ped"er*as`ty  (?), n. [Gr. paiderasti`a: cf. F. p\'82d\'82rastie.] The
   crime against nature; sodomy.<-- esp. with a boy -->

                                   Pederero

   Ped`e*re"ro (?), n. [Sp. pedrero, fr. OSp. pedra, Sp. piedra, a stone,
   L.  petra,  fr. Gr. (Mil.) A term formerly applied to a short piece of
   chambered ordnance. [Written also paterero and peterero.]

                                    Pedesis

   Pe*de"sis  (?),  n.  [NL.,  from  Gr. Same as Brownian movement, under
   Brownian.

                                   Pedestal

   Ped"es*tal   (?),   n.   [Sp.   pedestal;  cf.  F.  pi\'82destal,  It.
   piedestallo;  fr.  L.  es,  pedis,  foot  +  OHG. stal standing place,
   station, place, akin to E. stall. See Foot, and Stall, and Footstall.]

   1.  (Arch.)  The  base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the
   like;  the  part on which an upright work stands. It consists of three
   parts,  the base, the die or dado, and the cornice or surbase molding.
   See Illust. of Column.

     Build him a pedestal, and say, "Stand there!" Cowper.

   2.  (a)  (Railroad Cars) A casting secured to the frame of a truck and
   forming a jaw for holding a journal box. (b) (Mach.) A pillow block; a
   low housing. (c) (Bridge Building) An iron socket, or support, for the
   foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier.
   Pedestal  coil  (steam  Heating),  a group of connected straight pipes
   arranged side by side and one above another, -- used in a radiator.

                                  Pedestaled

   Ped"es*taled   (?),  a.  Placed  on,  or  supported  by,  a  pedestal;
   figuratively, exalted. Hawthorne.

     Pedestaled haply in a palace court. Keats.

                                  Pedestrial

   Pe*des"tri*al  (?), a. [L. pedester, -esteris, fr. pes, pedis, a foot:
   cf.  F.  p\'82destere.  See  Pedal.]  Of  or  pertaining  to the feet;
   employing the foot or feet.

                                 Pedestrially

   Pe*des"tri*al*ly, adv. In a pedestrial manner.

                                  Pedestrian

   Pe*des"tri*an  (?),  a.  Going  on  foot;  performed  on  foot;  as, a
   pedestrian journey.

                                  Pedestrian

   Pe*des"tri*an, n. A walker; one who journeys on foot; a foot traveler;
   specif., a professional walker or runner.

                                 Pedestrianism

   Pe*des"tri*an*ism  (?),  n. The act, art, or practice of a pedestrian;
   walking or running; traveling or racing on foot.

                                 Pedestrianize

   Pe*des"tri*an*ize  (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pedestrianized (?); p. pr.
   & vb. n. Pedestrianizing.] To practice walking; to travel on foot.

                                  Pedestrious

   Pe*des"tri*ous  (?), a. Going on foot; not winged. [Obs.] "Pedestrious
   animals." Sir T. Browne.

                                  Pedetentous

   Ped`e*ten"tous  (?), a. [L. pes, pedis, foot + tendere to stretch out:
   cf.  L.  tentim  by  degrees.]  Proceeding  step  by  step;  advancing
   cautiously. [R.]

     That pedetentous pace and pedetentous mind in which it behooves the
     wise and virtuous improver to walk. Sydney Smith.

                                 Pedi-, Pedo-

   Ped"i-  (?),  Ped"o-  (?).  [See  Foot.]  Combining forms from L. pes,
   pedis, foot, as pedipalp, pedireme, pedometer.

                                    Pedial

   Pe"di*al  (?),  a.  Pertaining  to  the foot, or to any organ called a
   foot; pedal. Dana.

                                    Pedicel

   Ped"i*cel (?), n. [F. p\'82dicelle. See Pedicle.]

   1.  (Bot.)  (a)  A  stalk  which supports one flower or fruit, whether
   solitary  or  one of many ultimate divisions of a common peduncle. See
   Peduncle,  and Illust. of Flower. (b) A slender support of any special
   organ, as that of a capsule in mosses, an air vesicle in alg\'91, or a
   sporangium in ferns.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) A slender stem by which certain of the lower animals or
   their eggs are attached. See Illust. of Aphis lion.

   3.  (Anat.)  (a)  The  ventral  part  of  each side of the neural arch
   connecting  with  the  centrum  of a vertebra. (b) An outgrowth of the
   frontal  bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied
   animals.

                                   Pediceled

   Ped"i*celed (?), a. Pedicellate.

                                 Pedicellaria

   Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Pedicellari\'91 (#). [NL. See Pedicel.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers
   upon starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable jaws,
   or  blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of echini
   usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See Illustration in Appendix.

                                  Pedicellate

   Ped"i*cel`late (?), a. Having a pedicel; supported by a pedicel.

                                  Pedicellina

   Ped`i*cel*li"na  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Pedicel.]  (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
   Bryozoa,  of the order Entoprocta, having a bell-shaped body supported
   on a slender pedicel. See Illust. under Entoprocta.

                                    Pedicle

   Ped"i*cle  (?),  n. [L. pediculus a little foot, dim. of pes foot: cf.
   F. p\'82dicule. See edal, and cf. Pedicel.] Same as Pedicel.

                                   Pedicular

   Pe*dic"u*lar  (?),  a.  [L. pedicularis, fr. pediculus a louse: cf. F.
   p\'82diculaire.]  Of or pertaining to lice; having the lousy distemper
   (phthiriasis); lousy. Southey.

                                  Pediculate

   Pe*dic"u*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pediculati.

                                  Pediculati

   Pe*dic`u*la"ti  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Pedicle.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   fishes including the anglers. See Illust. of Angler and Batfish.

                                 Pediculation

   Pe*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. (Med.) Phthiriasis.

                                   Pedicule

   Ped"i*cule (?), n. [See Pedicle.] A pedicel.

                                  Pediculina

   Pe*dic`u*li"na  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pediculus.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
   of parasitic hemipterous insects, including the true lice. See Illust.
   in Appendix.

                                  Pediculous

   Pe*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L. pediculosus.] Pedicular.

                                   Pediculus

   Pe*dic"u*lus  (?),  n.;  pl. Pediculi (#). [L., a louse.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   genus  of  wingless  parasitic Hemiptera, including the common lice of
   man. See Louse.

                                   Pediform

   Ped"i*form (?), a. [Pedi- + -form.] Shaped like a foot.

                                  Pedigerous

   Pe*dig"er*ous  (?), a. [Pedi- + -gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing or having
   feet or legs.

                                   Pedigree

   Ped"i*gree  (?),  n. [Of unknown origin; possibly fr. F. par degr\'82s
   by  degrees,  -- for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which
   records  the  relationship  of  families by degrees; or, perh., fr. F.
   pied de grue crane's foot, from the shape of the heraldic genealogical
   trees.]

   1.  A  line  of  ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or
   record of a line of ancestors.

     Alterations  of  surnames  .  .  .  have  obscured the truth of our
     pedigrees. Camden.

     His vanity labored to contrive us a pedigree. Milton.

     I am no herald to inquire of men's pedigrees. Sir P. Sidney.

     The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their tribes. Atterbury.

   2. (Stock Breeding) A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as
   of a horse.

                                   Pediluvy

   Ped"i*lu`vy  (?),  n.  [Pedi-  +  L.  luere  to  wash:  cf.  It. & Sp.
   pediluvio,  F.  p\'82diluve.]  The bathing of the feet, a bath for the
   feet. [Obs.]

                                   Pedimana

   Pe*dim"a*na  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pes, pedis, foot + manus hand.]
   (Zo\'94l.) A division of marsupials, including the opossums.

                                   Pedimane

   Ped"i*mane  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  p\'82dimane.]  (Zo\'94l.) A pedimanous
   marsupial; an opossum.

                                  Pedimanous

   Pe*dim"a*nous   (?),   a.   [See  Pedimana.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Having  feet
   resembling hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the opossums and
   monkeys.

                                   Pediment

   Ped"i*ment  (?),  n.  [L.  pes,  pedis,  a  foot.  See  Foot.] (Arch.)
   Originally,  in  classical  architecture, the triangular space forming
   the gable of a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration
   over  porticoes,  doors,  windows,  etc.;  also,  a  rounded or broken
   frontal having a similar position and use. See Temple.

                                  Pedimental

   Ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pediment.

                                   Pedipalp

   Ped"i*palp  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  p\'82dipalpe.]  (Zo\'94l.)  One of the
   Pedipalpi.

                                   Pedipalpi

   Ped`i*pal"pi (?), n pl. [NL. See Pedipalpus.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   Arachnida,  including  the  whip  scorpions  (Thelyphonus)  and allied
   forms.  Sometimes  used  in  a  wider  sense  to include also the true
   scorpions.

                                  Pedipalpous

   Ped`i*pal"pous  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the
   pedipalps.

                                  Pedipalpus

   Ped`i*pal"pus  (?),  n.; pl. Pedipalpi (#). [NL. See Pes, and Palpus.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the  second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In
   some  they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate
   in a claw.

                                   Pedireme

   Ped"i*reme  (?),  n.  [Pedi- + L. remus oar.] (Zo\'94l.) A crustacean,
   some of whose feet serve as oars.

                                Pedlar, Pedler

   Ped"lar, Ped"ler (?), n. See Peddler.

                                  Pedobaptism

   Pe`do*bap"tism  (?),  n.  [Gr.  baptism.] The baptism of infants or of
   small children. [Written also p\'91dobaptism.]

                                  Pedobaptist

   Pe`do*bap"tist  (?), n. One who advocates or practices infant baptism.
   [Written also p\'91dobaptist.]

                                   Pedomancy

   Ped"o*man`cy  (?),  n.  [Pedi-  + -mancy.] Divination by examining the
   soles of the feet.

                                   Pedometer

   Pe*dom"e*ter  (?), n. [Pedi-, pedo- + -meter: cf. F. p\'82dom\'8atre.]
   (Mech.)  An  instrument  for including the number of steps in walking,
   and  so  ascertaining  the  distance passed over. It is usually in the
   form  of  a  watch;  an  oscillating  weight by the motion of the body
   causes the index to advance a certain distance at each step.

                           Pedometric, Pedometrical

   Ped`o*met"ric (?), Ped`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or measured
   by, a pedometer.

                                  Pedomotive

   Ped`o*mo"tive (?), a. [Pedi-, pedo- + -motive.] Moved or worked by the
   action of the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle.

                                  Pedotrophy

   Pe*dot"ro*phy  (?),  n.  [Gr.  p\'82dotrophie.]  The art of nourishing
   children properly.

                                   Pedregal

   Pe`dre*gal"  (?),  n.  [Sp.,  a stony place, fr. piedra stone.] A lava
   field. [Mexico & Western U.S.]

                                   Peduncle

   Pe*dun"cle  (?),  n. [Formed fr. (assumed) L. pedunculus, dim. of pes,
   pedis, a foot: cf. F. p\'82doncule.]

   1.  (Bot.)  The  stem  or stalk that supports the flower or fruit of a
   plant, or a cluster of flowers or fruits.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e ul timate divisions or branches of a peduncle are
     called  pedicels. In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would
     be called a peduncle if the flower is large, and a pedicel if it is
     small or delicate.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are
   attached to other objects. See Illust. of Barnacle.

   3.  (Anat.)  A  band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different
   parts of the brain; as, the peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles
   of the pineal gland.

                                   Peduncled

   Pe*dun"cled  (?),  a.  Having  a  peduncle;  supported  on a peduncle;
   pedunculate.

                                  Peduncular

   Pe*dun"cu*lar  (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82donculaire.] Of or pertaining to a
   peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a peduncular tendril.

                                  Pedunculata

   Pe*dun`cu*la"ta  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Peduncle.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
   of Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose barnacles.

                           Pedunculate, Pedunculated

   Pe*dun"cu*late   (?),   Pe*dun"cu*la`ted  (?),  a.  (Biol.)  Having  a
   peduncle;   growing  on  a  peduncle;  as,  a  pedunculate  flower;  a
   pedunculate eye, as in a lobster.

                                      Pee

   Pee (?), n. See 1st Pea.

                                      Pee

   Pee, n. (Naut.) Bill of an anchor. See Peak, 3 (c).

                                     Peece

   Peece (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Piece.

                                    Peechi

   Pee"chi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dauw.

                                     Peek

   Peek  (?), v. i. [OE. piken: cf. F. piquer to pierce, prick, E. pique.
   Cf.  Peak.]  To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a
   crevice; to peep. [Colloq.]

                                   Peekaboo

   Peek"a*boo (?), n. A child's game; bopeep.

                                     Peel

   Peel  (?),  n.  [OE.  pel.  Cf.  Pile a heap.] A small tower, fort, or
   castle; a keep. [Scot.]

                                     Peel

   Peel,  n.  [F. pelle, L. pala.] A spadelike implement, variously used,
   as  for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also, a T-shaped
   implement  used  by printers and bookbinders for hanging wet sheets of
   paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of an oar.

                                     Peel

   Peel,  v.  t.  [Confused  with  peel  to  strip,  but fr. F. piller to
   pillage.  See  Pill  to rob, Pillage.] To plunder; to pillage; to rob.
   [Obs.]

     But  govern  ill  the  nations under yoke, Peeling their provinces.
     Milton.

                                     Peel

   Peel,  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Peeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeling.] [F.
   peler  to  pull  out  the  hair,  to  strip, to peel, fr. L. pilare to
   deprive  of  hair,  fr.  pilus a hair; or perh. partly fr. F. peler to
   peel  off  the  skin,  perh.  fr.  L. pellis skin (cf. Fell skin). Cf.
   Peruke.]

   1.  To  strip  off  the skin, bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or
   tearing  off the skin, bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as,
   to peel an orange.

     The skillful shepherd peeled me certain wands. Shak.

   2.  To  strip  or  tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an
   animal, the bark of a tree, etc.

                                     Peel

   Peel, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin,
   bark,  or  rind does; -- often used with an adverb; as, the bark peels
   easily or readily.

                                     Peel

   Peel, n. The skin or rind; as, the peel of an orange.

                                     Peele

   Pee"le  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A graceful and swift South African antelope
   (Pelea  capreola).  The  hair  is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and
   sides.  The  horns  are black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth,
   and very sharp. Called also rheeboc, and rehboc.

                                    Peeler

   Peel"er (?), n. One who peels or strips.

                                    Peeler

   Peel"er, n. [See Peel to plunder.] A pillager.

                                    Peeler

   Peel"er,  n.  A nickname for a policeman; -- so called from Sir Robert
   Peel. [British Slang] See Bobby.

                                   Peelhouse

   Peel"house` (?), n. See 1st Peel. Sir W. Scott.

                                     Peen

   Peen  (?),  n.  [Cf. G. pinne pane of a hammer.] (a) A round-edged, or
   hemispherical,  end to the head of a hammer or sledge, used to stretch
   or bend metal by indentation. (b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a
   mason's hammer. [Spelt also pane, pein, and piend.]

                                     Peen

   Peen,  v. t. To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the
   peen of a hammer or sledge.

                                    Peenge

   Peenge (?), v. i. To complain. [Scot.]

                                     Peep

   Peep  (?),  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Peeped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeping.]
   [Of  imitative  origin; cf. OE. pipen, F. piper, p\'82pier, L. pipire,
   pipare,  pipiare,  D.  & G. piepen. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a
   transfer  of  sense  from the sound which chickens make upon the first
   breaking  of the shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the
   influence of peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.]

   1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched; to chirp; to cheep.

     There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped.
     Is. x. 14.

   2.  To  begin  to  appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the
   first appearance.

     When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms bear. Dryden.
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   Page 1058

   3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry.

     eep through the blanket of the dark. Shak.

     From her cabined loophole peep. Milton.

   Peep  sight,  an  adjustable  piece, pierced with a small hole to peep
   through  in  aiming,  attached  to  a  rifle or other firearm near the
   breech.

                                     Peep

   Peep (?), n.

   1. The cry of a young chicken; a chirp.

   2. First outlook or appearance.

     Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn. Gray.

   3.  A  sly  look;  a  look  as  through  a crevice, or from a place of
   concealment.

     To take t' other peep at the stars. Swift.

   4.  (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna
   minutilla). (b) The European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis).
   Peep  show, a small show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through
   an  orifice  or  a  magnifying  glass.  -- Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish
   insurgents  of 1784; -- so called from their visiting the house of the
   loyal Irish at day break in search of arms. [Cant]

                                    Peeper

   Peep"er (?), n.

   1. A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.

   2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.

     Who's there? peepers, . . . eavesdroppers? J. Webster.

   3. The eye; as, to close the peepers. [Colloq.]

                                   Peephole

   Peep"hole`  (?),  n.  A  hole,  or crevice, through which one may peep
   without being discovered.

                                 Peeping hole

   Peep"ing hole`. See Peephole.

                                  Peepul tree

   Pee"pul  tree`  (?).  [Hind.  p\'c6pal, Skr. pippala.] (Bot.) A sacred
   tree  (Ficus  religiosa)  of  the  Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which
   attains  great  size  and  venerable  age.  See Bo tree. [Written also
   pippul tree, and pipal tree.]

                                     Peer

   Peer (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p Peered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peering.] [OF.
   parir,  pareir  equiv.  to  F.  para\'8ctre  to appear, L. parere. Cf.
   Appear.]

   1. To come in sight; to appear. [Poetic]

     So honor peereth in the meanest habit. Shak.

     See how his gorget peers above his gown! B. Jonson.

   2.  [Perh.  a  different  word;  cf.  OE. piren, LG. piren. Cf. Pry to
   peep.]  To  look  narrowly  or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the
   peering day. Milton.

     Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads. Shak.

     As if through a dungeon grate he peered. Coleridge.

                                     Peer

   Peer,  n.  [OE.  per, OF. per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal. Cf. Apparel,
   Pair, Par, n., Umpire.]

   1.  One  of  the  same  rank, quality, endowments, character, etc.; an
   equal; a match; a mate.

     In song he never had his peer. Dryden.

     Shall they consort only with their peers? I. Taylor.

   2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate.

     He all his peers in beauty did surpass. Spenser.

   3.  A  nobleman;  a  member  of one of the five degrees of the British
   nobility,  namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of
   the realm.

     A noble peer of mickle trust and power. Milton.

   House of Peers, The Peers, the British House of Lords. See Parliament.
   --  Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual,
   who sit in the House of Lords.

                                     Peer

   Peer v. t. To make equal in rank. [R.] Heylin.

                                     Peer

   Peer v. t. To be, or to assume to be, equal. [R.]

                                    Peerage

   Peer"age (?), n. [See Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.]

   1. The rank or dignity of a peer. Blackstone.

   2. The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.

     When Charlemain with all his peerage fell. Milton.

                                    Peerdom

   Peer"dom (?), n. Peerage; also, a lordship. [Obs.]

                                    Peeress

   Peer"ess, n. The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or
   by right of marriage.

                                 Peerie, Peery

   Peer"ie,  Peer"y  (?),  a. [See 1st Peer, 2.] Inquisitive; suspicious;
   sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Two peery gray eyes." Sir W. Scott.

                                   Peerless

   Peer"less  (?),  a.  Having  no peer or equal; matchless; superlative.
   "Her peerless feature." Shak.

     Unvailed her peerless light. Milton.

   --Peer"less*ly, adv. -- Peer"less*ness, n.

                                     Peert

   Peert (?), a. Same as Peart.

                                   Peerweet

   Peer"weet (?), n. Same as Pewit (a & b).

                                    Peevish

   Pee"vish (?), a. [OE. pevische; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word
   imitative of the noise made by fretful children + -ish.]

   1. Habitually fretful; easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to
   complain; querulous; petulant. "Her peevish babe." Wordsworth.

     She is peevish, sullen, froward. Shak.

   2.   Expressing   fretfulness   and   discontent,   or   unjustifiable
   dissatisfaction; as, a peevish answer.

   3. Silly; childish; trifling. [Obs.]

     To send such peevish tokens to a king. Shak.

   Syn.  --  Querulous;  petulant;  cross; ill-tempered; testy; captious;
   discontented. See Fretful.

                                   Peevishly

   Pee"vish*ly, adv. In a peevish manner. Shak.

                                  Peevishness

   Pee"vish*ness, n. The quality of being peevish; disposition to murmur;
   sourness of temper. Syn. -- See Petulance.

                                Peevit, Peewit

   Pee"vit (?), Pee"wit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pewit.

                                      Peg

   Peg  (?),  n. [OE. pegge; cf. Sw. pigg, Dan. pig a point, prickle, and
   E. peak.]

   1.  A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together,
   in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe peg.

   2.  A  wooden  pin,  or  nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc.
   Hence,  colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext;
   as, a peg to hang a claim upon.

   3.  One  of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are
   strained. Shak.

   4. One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board.

   5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase "To take one down peg."

     To screw papal authority to the highest peg. Barrow.

     And took your grandess down a peg. Hudibras.

   Peg  ladder,  a  ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces
   are  inserted. -- Peg tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so
   as  divide  the  liquor into equal portions. "Drink down to your peg."
   Longfellow.  --  Peg tooth. See Fleam tooth under Fleam. -- Peg top, a
   boy's  top  which  is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small screw
   without a head, for fastening soles.

                                      Peg

   Peg (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pegged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pegging (?).]

   1.  To  put  pegs  into;  to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to peg
   shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely.

     I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails. Shak.

   2.  (Cribbage)  To  score  with  a peg, as points in the game; as, she
   pegged twelwe points. [Colloq.]

                                      Peg

   Peg,  v. i. To work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with
   on, at, or away; as, to peg away at a task.

                                    Pegador

   Pe`ga*dor"  (?),  n.  [Sp., a sticker.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of remora
   (Echeneis naucrates). See Remora.

                                   Pegasean

   Pe*ga"se*an  (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to
   poetry.

                                   Pegasoid

   Peg"a*soid  (?), a. [Pegasus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to
   Pegasus.

                                    Pegasus

   Peg"a*sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Gr.  Myth.) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the body of
   Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his
   hoof,  Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from
   Mount Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated with
   the Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration.

     Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace. Byron.

   2.  (Astron.)  A  northen  constellation  near  the vernal equinoctial
   point.   Its  three  brightest  stars,  with  the  brightest  star  of
   Andromeda, form the square of Pegasus.

   3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and
   the  body  covered  with  hard, bony plates. Several species are known
   from the East Indies and China.

                                    Pegger

   Peg"ger (?), n. One who fastens with pegs.

                                    Pegging

   Peg"ging (?), n. The act or process of fastening with pegs.

                                     Pegm

   Pegm  (?),  n. [L. pegma a movable stage, Gr. A sort of moving machine
   employed in the old pageants. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

                                   Pegmatite

   Peg"ma*tite (?), n. [From Gr. pegmatite. See Pegm.] (Min.) (a) Graphic
   granite.  See  under  Granite.  (b)  More  generally, a coarse granite
   occurring as vein material in other rocks.

                                  Pegmatitic

   Peg`ma*tit"ic  (?),  a.  (Min.)  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  resembling,
   pegmatite;  as,  the  pegmatic  structure  of certain rocks resembling
   graphic granite.

                                   Pegtatoid

   Peg"ta*toid  (?),  a. [Pegmatite + -oid.] (Min.) Resembling pegmatite;
   pegmatic.

                                   Pegomancy

   Peg"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -macy.] Divination by fountains. [R.]

                                   Pegroots

   Peg"roots` (?), n. Same as Setterwort.

                                    Pehlevi

   Peh"le*vi`  (?),  n.  [Parsee  Pahlavi.] An ancient Persian dialect in
   which  words  were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents. It
   was  in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the middle of
   the  7th  century,  and  later  in  religious  writings. [Written also
   Pahlavi.]

                                     Pein

   Pein (?), n. See Peen.

                                  Peirameter

   Pei*ram"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Gr. -meter.] A dynamometer for measuring the
   force   required  to  draw  wheel  carriages  on  roads  of  different
   constructions. G. Francis.

                                   Peirastic

   Pei*ras"tic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  Fitted  for  trail or test; experimental;
   tentative; treating of attempts.

                                     Peise

   Peise  (?),  n. [See Poise.] A weight; a poise. [Obs.] "To weigh pence
   with a peise." Piers Plowman.

                                     Peise

   Peise, v. t. To poise or weight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

     Lest leaden slumber peise me down. Shak.

                                    Peitrel

   Pei"trel (?), n. (Anc. Armor) See Peytrel.

                                  Pejorative

   Pe*jor"a*tive  (?), a. [F. p\'82joratif, fr. L. pejor, used as compar.
   of  malus evil.] Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging;
   unfavorable.

                                     Pekan

   Pek"an (?), n. [F. pekan.] (Zo\'94l.) See Fisher, 2.

                                     Pekoe

   Pek"oe  (?), n. [Chin. pih-hoau: cf. F. peko\'89] A kind of black tea.
   [Written also pecco.]

                                     Pela

   Pe"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wax insect, under Wax.

                                    Pelage

   Pel"age  (?),  n.  [F.  pelage,  fr.  L.  pilus  hair.] (Zo\'94l.) The
   covering, or coat, of a mammal, whether of wool, fur, or hair.

                                   Pelagian

   Pe*la"gi*an  (?),  a. [L. pelagius, Gr. p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining
   to the sea; marine; pelagic; as, pelagian shells.

                                   Pelagian

   Pe*la"gi*an,  n.  [L. Pelagianus: cf. F. p\'82lagien.] (Eccl. Hist.) A
   follower  of  Pelagius,  a British monk, born in the later part of the
   4th  century,  who  denied  the  doctrines  of  hereditary sin, of the
   connection between sin and death, and of conversion through grace.

                                   Pelagian

   Pe*la"gi*an, a. [Cf. F. p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or
   to his doctrines.

                                  Pelagianism

   Pe*la"gi*an*ism  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F. p\'82lagianisme.] The doctrines of
   Pelagius.

                                    Pelagic

   Pe*lag"ic  (?),  a.  [L. pelagicus.] Of or pertaining to the ocean; --
   applied  especially  to animals that live at the surface of the ocean,
   away from the coast.

                                  Pelargonic

   Pel`ar*gon"ic  (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Pertaining  to,  or  designating, an
   organic  acid  (called  also  nonoic  acid) found in the leaves of the
   geranium (Pelargonium) and allied plants.

                                  Pelargonium

   Pel`ar*go"ni*um  (?),  n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A large genus of plants
   of  the  order  Geraniace\'91,  differing  from  Geranium  in having a
   spurred calyx and an irregular corolla.

     NOTE: &hand; Ab out on e hu ndred an d se venty sp ecies are known,
     nearly  all  of  them natives of South Africa, and many having very
     beautiful blossoms. See the Note under Geranium.

                              Pelasgian, Pelasgic

   Pe*las"gi*an (?), Pe*las"gic (?), a. [L. Pelasgus, Gr.

   1. Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece, of
   roving habits.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Wandering.

                                    Pelecan

   Pel"e*can (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pelican.

                                Pelecaniformes

   Pel`e*can`i*for"mes   (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Pelican,  and  -form.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Those birds that are related to the pelican; the Totipalmi.

                                   Pelecoid

   Pel"e*coid   (?),   n.   [Gr.   -oid.]   (Geom.)  A  figure,  somewhat
   hatched-shaped,  bounded  by  a semicircle and two inverted quadrants,
   and  equal  in  area  to the square ABCD inclosed by the chords of the
   four quadrants. [Written also pelicoid.] Math. Dict.

                                  Pelecypoda

   Pel`e*cyp"o*da  (?),  n.  pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Lamellibranchia.

                                   Pelegrine

   Pel"e*grine (?), a. See Peregrine. [Obs.]

                                   Pelerine

   Pel"er*ine (?), n. [F. p\'8alerine a tippet, fr. p\'8alerin a pilgrim,
   fr.  L.  peregrinus  foreign,  alien.  See  Pilgrim.]  A woman's cape;
   especially, a fur cape that is longer in front than behind.

                                     Pelf

   Pelf  (?),  n.  [OE.  pelfir  booty,  OF.  pelfre,  akin to pelfrer to
   plunder,  and  perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.] Money; riches; lucre;
   gain;  --  generally  conveying  the  idea  of something ill-gotten or
   worthless.  It  has  no  plural. "Mucky pelf." Spenser. "Paltry pelf."
   Burke.

     Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or industry? Fuller.

                                    Pelfish

   Pelf"ish, a. Of or pertaining to pelf. Stanyhurst.

                                Pelfray, Pelfry

   Pel"fray  (?),  Pel"fry  (?),  n.  Pelf;  also, figuratively, rubbish;
   trash. [Obs.] Cranmer.

                                    Pelican

   Pel"i*can  (?),  n.  [F.  p\'82lican,  L.  pelicanus,  pelecanus,  Gr.
   para&cced;u.] [Written also pelecan.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any large webfooted bird of the genus of Pelecanus, of
   which  about a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to
   the  lower  edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes
   are temporarily stored.

     NOTE: &hand; The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
     and the brown species (P. fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast
     in  winter,  but  breed  about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and
     British America.

   2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading
   back  from  the  head  to  the  body  for  continuous condensation and
   redistillation.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e pr inciple is  st ill em ployed in certain modern
     forms of distilling apparatus.

   Frigate  pelican  (Zo\'94l.),  the frigate bird. See under Frigate. --
   Pelican  fish  (Zo\'94l.), deep-sea fish (Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of
   the  order  Lyomeri,  remarkable  for  the enormous development of the
   jaws, which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican flower (Bot.), the
   very   large   and  curiously  shaped  blossom  of  a  climbing  plant
   (Aristolochia grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself.
   --  Pelican  ibis  (Zo\'94l.),  a  large  Asiatic  wood ibis (Tantalus
   leucocephalus).  The  head  and  throat are destitute of feathers; the
   plumage  is  white,  with  the  quills and the tail greenish black. --
   Pelican   in   her   piety   (in   heraldry  and  symbolical  art),  a
   representation of a pelican in the act of wounding her breast in order
   to  nourish  her  young  with  her  blood;  --  a  practice fabulously
   attributed to the bird, on account of which it was adopted as a symbol
   of  the  Redeemer,  and  of  charity.  -- Pelican's foot (Zo\'94l.), a
   marine   gastropod  shell  of  the  genus  Aporrhais,  esp.  Aporrhais
   pes-pelicani of Europe.

                                    Pelick

   Pel"ick (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American coot (Fulica).

                                   Pelicoid

   Pel"i*coid (?), n. See Pelecoid.

                                 Pelicosauria

   Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a  (?),  n.  pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A suborder of
   Theromorpha,   including   terrestrial   reptiles   from  the  Permian
   formation.

                                    Peliom

   Pe"li*om (?), n. [See Pelioma.] (Min.) A variety of iolite, of a smoky
   blue color; pelioma.

                                    Pelioma

   Pe`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

   1. (Med.) A livid ecchymosis.

   2. (Min.) See Peliom.

                                    Pelisse

   Pe*lisse" (?), n. [F., fr. L. pelliceus, pellicius, made of skins, fr.
   pellis  a  skin.  Cf.  Pelt  skin,  Pilch,  and see 2d Pell.] An outer
   garment  for  men  or  women,  originally of fur, or lined with fur; a
   lady's outer garment, made of silk or other fabric.

                                     Pell

   Pell  (?),  v.  t.  [Cf.  Pelt, v. t.] To pelt; to knock about. [Obs.]
   Holland.

                                     Pell

   Pell, n. [OF. pel, F. peau, L. pellis a skin. See Fell a skin.]

   1. A skin or hide; a pelt.

   2. A roll of parchment; a parchment record.
   Clerk  of the pells, formerly, an officer of the exchequer who entered
   accounts on certain parchment rolls, called pell rolls. [Eng.]
   
                                    Pellack
                                       
   Pel"lack (?), n. [Cf. Gael. Peileag.] (Zo\'94l.) A porpoise. 

                                    Pellage

   Pell"age (?), n. [See 2d Pell.] A customs duty on skins of leather.
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   Page 1059

                                   Pellagrin

   Pel"la*grin  (?),  n.  One  who  is afficted with pellagra. Chambers's
   Encyc.

                                    Pellet

   Pel"let  (?),  n.  [F. pelote, LL. pelota, pilota, fr. L. pila a ball.
   Cf. Platoon.]

   1. A little ball; as, a pellet of wax .

   2. A bullet; a ball for firearms. [Obs.] Bacon.

     As swift as a pellet out of a gun. Chaucer.

   Pellet  molding  (Arch.),  a  narrow  band ornamented with smalt, flat
   disks.

                                    Pellet

   Pel"let, v. To form into small balls. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Pelleted

   Pel"let*ed, a. Made of, or like, pellets; furnished with pellets. [R.]
   "This pelleted storm." Shak.

                                Pellibranchiata

   Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pellis garment + branchia a
   gill.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  division of Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle
   itself serves as a gill.

                                   Pellicle

   Pel"li*cle   (?),  n.  [L.  pellicu,  dim.  of  pellis  skin:  cf.  F.
   pellicule.]

   1. A thin skin or film.

   2.  (Chem.)  A  thin  film  formed  on  the  surface of an evaporating
   solution.

                                  Pellicular

   Pel*lic"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pellicle. Henslow.

                                    Pellile

   Pel*li"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The redshank; -- so called from its note.
   [Prov. Eng.]

                                   Pellitory

   Pel"li*to*ry  (?), n. [OE. paritorie, OF. paritoire, F. pari\'82taire;
   (cf. It. & Sp. parietaria), L. parietaria the parietary, or pellitory,
   the  wall  plant,  fr.  parietarus belonging to the walls, fr. paries,
   parietis a wall. Cf. Parietary.] (Bot.) The common name of the several
   species  of  the  genus  Parietaria, low, harmless weeds of the Nettle
   family; -- also called wall pellitory, and lichwort.

     NOTE: &hand; Pa rietaria of ficinalis is  co mmon on  ol d walls in
     Europe;  P.Pennsylvanica  is found in the United States; and six or
     seven  more  species  are  found  near the Mediterranean, or in the
     Orient.

                                   Pellitory

   Pel"li*to*ry,  n. [Sp. pelitre, fr. L. pyrethrum. See Bertram.] (Bot.)
   (a)  A  composite  plant  (Anacyclus  Pyrethrum)  of the Mediterranean
   region,  having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. The root is
   the  officinal  pellitory,  and is used as an irritant and sialogogue.
   Called  also  bertram,  and  pellitory  of  Spain.  (b)  The  feverfew
   (Chrysanthemum  Parthenium);  --  so  called  because it resembles the
   above.

                                   Pell-mell

   Pell`-mell" (, n. See Pall-mall.

                                   Pellmell

   Pell`mell",  adv.  [F.  p\'88le-m\'88le,  prob.  fr.  pelle a shovel +
   m\'88ler  to  mix,  as when different kinds of grain are heaped up and
   mixed  with  a  shovel.  See Pell shovel, Medley.] In utter confusion;
   with  confused  violence.  "Men,  horses, chariots, crowded pellmell."
   Milton.

                                   Pellucid

   Pel*lu"cid  (?),  a.  [L.  pellucidus; per (see Per-) + lucidus clear,
   bright:  cf.  F.  pellucide.] Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent;
   not  opaque.  "Pellucid  crystal."  Dr.  H.  More. "Pellucid streams."
   Wordsworth.

                           Pellucidity, Pellucidness

   Pel`lu*cid"i*ty  (?),  Pel*lu"cid*ness  (?), n. [L. pelluciditas.] The
   quality  or  state  of  being  pellucid;  transparency;  translucency;
   clearness; as, the pellucidity of the air. Locke.

                                  Pellucidly

   Pel*lu"cid*ly, adv. In a pellucid manner.

                                     Pelma

   Pel"ma  (?),  n.;  pl. Pelmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The under
   surface of the foot.<-- = sole? -->

                                   Pelopium

   Pe*lo"pi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Pelops, brother of Niobe, Gr. (Chem.)
   A  supposed  new  metal  found  in  columbite,  afterwards shown to be
   identical with columbium, or niobium.

                                 Peloponnesian

   Pel`o*pon*ne"sian  (?), a. [L. Peloponnesius, fr. Peloponnesus, Gr. Of
   or pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of Greece. --
   n. A native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.

                                    Peloria

   Pe*lo"ri*a  (?),  n.  [NL.,  from  Gr. (Bot.) Abnormal regularity; the
   state  of  certain  flowers,  which,  being  naturally irregular, have
   become  regular  through  a  symmetrical  repetition  of  the  special
   irregularity.

                                    Peloric

   Pe*lo"ric (?), a. (Bot.) Abnormally regular or symmetrical. Darwin.

                                   Pelotage

   Pel"o*tage (?), n. [F.] Packs or bales of Spanish wool.

                                     Pelt

   Pelt (?), n. [Cf. G. pelz a pelt, fur, fr. OF. pelice, F. pelisse (see
   Pelisse); or perh. shortened fr. peltry.]

   1.  The  skin  of a beast with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a
   skin  preserved with the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell.
   Sir T. Browne.

     Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes. Fuller.

   2. The human skin. [Jocose] Dryden.

   3. (Falconry) The body of any quarry killed by the hawk.
   Pelt rot, a disease affecting the hair or wool of a beast.

                                     Pelt

   Pelt,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Pelted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pelting.] [OE.
   pelten,  pulten,  pilten,  to  thrust,  throw, strike; cf. L. pultare,
   equiv.  to  pulsare  (v.  freq.  fr. pellere to drive), and E. pulse a
   beating.]

   1.  To  strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with pellets
   or missiles, as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail.

     The children billows seem to pelt the clouds. Shak.

   2. To throw; to use as a missile.

     My Phillis me with pelted apples plies. Dryden.

                                     Pelt

   Pelt, v. i.

   1. To throw missiles. Shak.

   2. To throw out words. [Obs.]

     Another smothered seems to peltand swear. Shak.

                                     Pelt

   Pelt, n. A blow or stroke from something thrown.

                                     Pelta

   Pel"ta (?), n.; pl. Pelt\'91. [L., a shield, fr. Gr.

   1.  (Antiq.)  A  small  shield,  especially  one  of  an approximately
   elliptic form, or crescent-shaped.

   2. (Bot.) A flat apothecium having no rim.

                               Peltate, Peltated

   Pel"tate  (?),  Pel"ta*ted  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pelt\'82.  See Pelta.]
   Shield-shaped;  scutiform;  (Bot.) having the stem or support attached
   to  the  lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; -- said of a
   leaf or other organ. -- Pel"tate*ly (#), adv.

                                    Pelter

   Pelt"er (?), n. One who pelts.

                                    Pelter

   Pel"ter  (?),  n.  A  pinchpenny;  a  mean,  sordid person; a miser; a
   skinflint. [Obs.] "Let such pelters prate." Gascoigne.

                                   Peltiform

   Pel"ti*form  (?),  a.  [Pelta  +  -form.] Shieldlike, with the outline
   nearly circular; peltate. <-- #! original has "pellate", but should be
   "peltate" --> Henslow.

                                    Pelting

   Pel"ting (?), a. Mean; paltry. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Peltry

   Pelt"ry  (?),  n.  [F.  pelleterie  peltry,  furriery, fr. pelletier a
   furrier,  fr.  OF. pel skin, F. peau, L. pelis. See Pelt a skin, Pell,
   n.,  Fell a skin.] Pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on
   them; furs.

                                  Peltryware

   Pelt"ry*ware` (?), n. Peltry. [Obs.]

                                    Peludo

   Pe*lu"do  (?),  n.  [Sp.  peludo hairy.] (Zo\'94l.) The South American
   hairy armadillo (Dasypus villosus).

                                   Pelusiac

   Pe*lu"si*ac  (?), a. [L. Pelusiacus.] Of or pertaining to Pelusium, an
   ancient  city of Egypt; as, the Pelusiac (or former eastern) outlet of
   the Nile.

                                    Pelvic

   Pel"vic  (?),  a.  Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis;
   as,  pelvic cellulitis. Pelvic arch, OR Pelvic girdle (Anat.), the two
   or  more  bony  or  cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to
   which  the  hind  limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch
   usually  consists  of  three  principal bones on each side, the ilium,
   ischium,  and  pubis,  which  are  often  closely united in the adult,
   forming the innominate bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate.

                                  Pelvimeter

   Pel*vim"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Pelvis  + -meter.: cf. F. pelvim\'8atre.] An
   instrument for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis. Coxe.

                                    Pelvis

   Pel"vis (?), n. [L., a basin, laver; cf. Gr.

   1.  (Anat.)  The  pelvic  arch,  or  the pelvic arch together with the
   sacrum. See Pelvic arch, under Pelvic, and Sacrum.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) The calyx of a crinoid.
   Pelvis  of  the  kidney  (Anat.),  the basinlike cavity into which the
   ureter expands as it joins the kidney.

                                   Pemmican

   Pem"mi*can (?), n. [Written also pemican.]

   1. Among the North American Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested
   of fat, and dried in the sun.

     Then on pemican they feasted. Longfellow.

   2.  Meat,  without  the  fat,  cut  in  thin slices, dried in the sun,
   pounded,  then  mixed  with  melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and
   compressed  into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small
   compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.

                                   Pemphigus

   Pem*phi"gus (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. (Med.) A somewhat rare skin disease,
   characterized  by  the development of blebs upon different part of the
   body. Quain.

                                      Pen

   Pen (?), n. [OE. penne, OF. penne, pene, F. penne, fr. L. penna.]

   1. A feather. [Obs.] Spenser.

   2. A wing. [Obs.] Milton.

   3.  An  instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed,
   or  of  the  quill  of  a  goose  or other bird, but now also of other
   materials, as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other
   instrument for scratching or graving.

     Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock. Job xix. 24.

   4.  Fig.:  A  writer,  or  his  style;  as, he has a sharp pen. "Those
   learned pens." Fuller.

   5. (Zo\'94l.) The internal shell of a squid.

   6.  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  female swan. [Prov. Eng.]<--
   contrast cob, the male swan -->
   Bow  pen. See Bow-pen. -- Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines.
   --  Drawing,  OR  Ruling, pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair of
   blades  between which the ink is contained. -- Fountain pen, Geometric
   pen.  See  under  Fountain,  and Geometric. -- Music pen, a pen having
   five  points  for drawing the five lines of the staff. -- Pen and ink,
   OR pen-and-ink, executed or done with a pen and ink; as, a pen and ink
   sketch.  --  Pen feather. A pin feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See under
   Name. -- Sea pen (Zo\'94l.), a pennatula. [Usually written sea-pen.]

                                      Pen

   Pen,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Penning (?).] To
   write;  to  compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to
   pen a sonnet. "A prayer elaborately penned." Milton.

                                      Pen

   Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?) or Pent (p. pr. & vb. n. Penning.]
   [OE.  pennen, AS. pennan in on-pennan to unfasten, prob. from the same
   source  as  pin, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See Pin, n. &
   v.]  To  shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure
   or  narrow  space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose. "Away with her,
   and pen her up." Shak.

     Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve. Milton.

                                      Pen

   Pen,  n. [From Pen to shut in.] A small inclosure; as, a pen for sheep
   or for pigs.

     My father stole two geese out of a pen. Shak.

                                     Penal

   Pe"nal  (?),  a.  [L. poenalis, fr. poena punishment: cf. F. p\'82nal.
   See  Pain.] Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes
   and  offenses;  pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as: (a) Enacting
   or  threatening  punishment;  as,  a penal statue; the penal code. (b)
   Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a penalact of offense.
   (c)  Inflicted  as  punishment;  used  as a means of punishment; as, a
   penal  colony  or  settlement.  "Adamantine  chains  and  penal fire."
   Milton.  Penal  code  (Law),  a  code  of  laws  concerning crimes and
   offenses  and  their  punishment. -- Penal laws, Penal statutes (Law),
   laws  prohibited  certain  acts, and imposing penalties for committing
   them.  --  Penal servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison,
   in  lieu  of transportation. [Great Brit.] -- Penal suit, Penal action
   (Law), a suit for penalties.

                                   Penality

   Pe*nal"i*ty  (?), n. [Cf. LL. poenalitas. See Penalty.] The quality or
   state of being penal; lability to punishment. Sir T. Browne.

                                   Penalize

   Pe"nal*ize (?), v. t.

   1. To make penal.

   2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See Penalty, 3. [Eng.]

                                    Penally

   Pe"nal*ly (?), adv. In a penal manner.

                                    Penalty

   Pe"nal*ty (?), n.; pl. Penalties (#). [F. p\'82nalit\'82. See Penal.]

   1.  Penal  retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering
   in  person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to
   the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.

     Death is the penalty imposed. Milton.

   2.  The  suffering,  or  the  sum  to  be forfeited, to which a person
   subjects  himself  by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment
   of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.

     The penalty and forfeit of my bond. Shak.

   3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant]

     NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm pe nalty is  in  la w mo stly ap plied to a
     pecuniary punishment.

   Bill  of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- On, OR Under, penalty
   of,  on  pain  of;  with  exposure  to  the  penalty  of,  in  case of
   transgression.

                                    Penance

   Pen"ance  (?),  n.  [OF. penance, peneance, L. paenitentia repentance.
   See Penitence.]

   1. Repentance. [Obs.] Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).

   2.  Pain;  sorrow; suffering. [Obs.] "Joy or penance he feeleth none."
   Chaucer.

   3.  (Eccl.) A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon
   for  it,  consisting  partly  in  the  performance of expiatory rites,
   partly  in  voluntary  submission to a punishment corresponding to the
   transgression.  Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman
   Catholic Church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

     And bitter penance, with an iron whip. Spenser.

     Quoth  he,  "The  man hath penance done, And penance more will do."
     Coleridge.

                                    Penance

   Pen"ance,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Penanced (?).] To impose penance; to
   punish. "Some penanced lady elf." Keats.

                                  Penanceless

   Pen"ance*less, a. Free from penance. [R.]

                                  Penang nut

   Pe*nang"  nut`  (?).  [From  the  native  name.] (Bot.) The betel nut.
   Balfour (Cyc. of India).

                                  Penannular

   Pen*an"nu*lar  (?),  a.  [L. pene, paene, almost + E. annular.] Nearly
   annular;  having  nearly  the  form of a ring. "Penannular relics." D.
   Wilson.

                                    Penary

   Pe"na*ry (?), a. Penal. [Obs.] Gauden.

                                    Penates

   Pe*na"tes  (?),  n.  pl.  [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The household gods of the
   ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family hearth. See
   Lar.

                                    Penaunt

   Pen"aunt  (?),  n.  [OF.  penant,  peneant. See Penitent.] A penitent.
   [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pence

   Pence (?), n., pl. of Penny. See Penny. <-- chiefly Brit. -->

                                    Pencel

   Pen"cel  (?),  n.  [See  Pennoncel.]  A small, narrow flag or streamer
   borne  at  the  top of a lance; -- called also pennoncel. [Obs.] Piers
   Plowman. Chaucer.

                                   Penchant

   Pen`chant"  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  pencher  to  bend,  fr. (assumed) LL.
   pendicare, L. pendere. See Pendant.] Inclination; decided taste; bias;
   as, a penchant for art.

                                   Penchute

   Pen"chute` (?), n. See Penstock.

                                    Pencil

   Pen"cil  (?),  n.  [OF. pincel, F. pinceau, L. penicillum, penicillus,
   equiv. to peniculus, dim. of penis a tail. Cf. Penicil.]

   1. A small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying
   on colors.

     With subtile pencil depainted was this storie. Chaucer.

   2.  A  slender  cylinder  or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate
   etc.,  or  such  a  cylinder  or  strip inserted in a small wooden rod
   intended  to  be  pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used
   for drawing or writing. See Graphite.

   3.  Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also,
   in  general,  the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer,
   etc.

   4. (Opt.) An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when
   diverging from, or converging to, a point.

   5. (Geom.) A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of
   intersection being called the pencil point.

   6. (Med.) A small medicated bougie.
   Pencil  case,  a  holder  for pencil lead. -- Pencil flower (Bot.), an
   American  perennial  leguminous herb (Stylosanthes elatior). -- Pencil
   lead,  a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted for insertion
   in a holder.

                                    Pencil

   Pen"cil,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Penciled (?) or Pencilled; p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Penciling or Pencilling.] To write or mark with a pencil; to paint
   or to draw. Cowper.

     Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers. Harte.

                                   Penciled

   Pen"ciled (?), a. [Written also pencilled.]

   1. Painted, drawn, sketched, or marked with a pencil.

   2. Radiated; having pencils of rays.

   3. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with parallel or radiating lines.

                                   Penciling

   Pen"cil*ing (?), n. [Written also pencilling.]

   1.  The  work  of  the  pencil  or  bruch; as, delicate penciling in a
   picture.

   2.  (Brickwork)  Lines  of  white  or black paint drawn along a mortar
   joint in a brick wall. Knight.

                            Pencillate, Pencillated

   Pen"cil*late  (?),  Pen"cil*la`ted  (?),  a.  Shaped  like  a  pencil;
   penicillate.

                                   Pencraft

   Pen"craft (?), n.

   1. Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.

   2. The art of composing or writing; authorship.

     I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in pencraft. S
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                                     Pend

   Pend (?), n. Oil cake; penock. [India]

                                     Pend

   Pend,  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pended; p. pr. & vb. n. Pending.] [L.
   pendere.]

   1. To hang; to depend. [R.]

     Pending upon certain powerful motions. I. Taylor.

   2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.

                                     Pend

   Pend,  v.  t.  [Cf.  pen  to  shut  in,  or  AS.  pyndan,  E. pound an
   inclosure.] To pen; to confine. [R.]

     ended within the limits . . . of Greece. Udall.

                                    Pendant

   Pend"ant  (?),  n. [F., orig. p.pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere. Cf.
   Pendent, Pansy, Pensive, Poise, Ponder.]

   1.  Something  which  hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging
   appendage,  especially  one  of  an  ornamental  character;  as  to  a
   chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book.

     Some hang upon the pendants of her ear. Pope.

     Many  .  .  . have been pleased with this work and its pendant, the
     Tales and Popular Fictions. Keightley.

   2.  (Arch.)  A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in
   the  later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an
   important  part  of  the construction. There are imitations in plaster
   and  wood,  which are mere decorative features. "[A bridge] with . . .
   pendants graven fair." Spenser.

   3.  (Fine  Arts)  One  of  a  pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the
   pendant to the other vase.

   4. A pendulum. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

   5.  The  stem  and  ring  of a watch, by which it is suspended. [U.S.]
   Knight.
   Pendant  post (Arch.), a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a
   post  set  close  against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other
   solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of
   the roof.

                                   Pendence

   Pend"ence  (?),  n.  [See  Pendent.] Slope; inclination. [Obs.] Sir H.
   Wotton.

                                   Pendency

   Pend"en*cy (?), n.

   1. The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.

   2.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  undecided,  or in continuance;
   suspense; as, the pendency of a suit. Ayliffe.

                                    Pendent

   Pend"ent  (?), a. [L. pendens, -entis, p.pr. of pendere to hang, to be
   suspended. Cf. Pendant.]

   1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as,
   a pendent leaf. "The pendent world." Shak.

     Often  their  tresses,  when  shaken,  with pendent icicles tinkle.
     Longfellow.

   2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. "A vapor sometime like a . .
   . pendent rock." Shak.

                                  Pendentive

   Pen*den"tive  (?),  n. [F. pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.] (Arch.)
   (a)  The  portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the
   middle  of  a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a
   cupola.  (b)  The  part  of a groined vault which is supported by, and
   springs from, one pier or corbel.

                                   Pendently

   Pend"ent*ly, adv. In a pendent manner.

                                    Pendice

   Pen"dice  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Pentice.]  A  sloping  roof;  a  lean-to;  a
   penthouse. [Obs.] Fairfax.

                                   Pendicle

   Pen"di*cle (?), n. [Cf. Appendicle.] An appendage; something dependent
   on another; an appurtenance; a pendant. Sir W. Scott.

                                   Pendicler

   Pen*di*cler  (?),  n.  An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or
   croft. [Scot.] Jamieson.

                                    Pending

   Pend"ing  (?),  a. [L. pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf. Pendent.]
   Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending suit.

                                    Pending

   Pend"ing, prep. During; as, pending the trail.

                                   Pendragon

   Pen"drag*on (?), n. A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a
   title  assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other
   chiefs.

     The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings. Tennyson.

                                   Pendular

   Pen"du*lar (?), a. Pendulous.

                                   Pendulate

   Pen"du*late (?), v. i. To swing as a pendulum. [R.]

                                    Pendule

   Pen"dule (?), n. [F.] A pendulum. [R.] Evelyn.

                                   Penduline

   Pen"du`line  (?), n. [F. See Pendulum.] (Zo\'94l.) A European titmouse
   (Parus,  OR  \'92githalus,  pendulinus).  It  is noted for its elegant
   pendulous  purselike  nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined
   with feathers.

                                  Pendulosity

   Pen`du*los"i*ty (?), n. [See Pendulous.] The state or quality of being
   pendulous. Sir T. Browne.

                                   Pendulous

   Pen"du*lous  (?),  a.  [L. pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf. Pendant,
   and cf. Pendulum.]

   1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak. "The pendulous
   round earth. Milton.

   2.  Wavering;  unstable;  doubtful.  [R.] "A pendulous state of mind."
   Atterbury.

   3.  (Bot.)  Inclined  or  hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved
   stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.

                                  Pendulously

   Pen"du*lous*ly, adv. In a pendulous manner.

                                 Pendulousness

   Pen"du*lous*ness,  n.  The  quality  or  state of being pendulous; the
   state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.

                                   Pendulum

   Pen"du*lum  (?), n.; pl. Pendulums (#). [NL., fr. L. pendulus hanging,
   swinging. See Pendulous.] A body so suspended from a fixed point as to
   swing  freely  to  and  fro  by  the  alternate  action of gravity and
   momentum.  It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other
   machinery.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e ti me of oscillation of a pendulum is independent
     of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small.

   Ballistic  pendulum.  See under Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum, a
   clock  pendulum  in  which the effect of changes of temperature of the
   length  of  the  rod  is  so  counteracted,  usually  by  the opposite
   expansion  of  differene  metals,  that  the distance of the center of
   oscillation  from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the
   mercurial  compensation pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is
   compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting
   the  bob;  the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is effected by
   the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different metals. -- Compound
   pendulum,  an  ordinary  pendulum;  --  so called, as being made up of
   different  parts,  and  contrasted with simple pendulum. -- Conical OR
   Revolving,  pendulum,  a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point;
   and  revolving  in  a  horizontal  cyrcle about the vertical from that
   point.  -- Pendulum bob, the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. --
   Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the
   balance  of  a watch. -- Simple OR Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary
   pendulum  having  no dimensions except length, and no weight except at
   the  center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended
   by an ideal line.

                                   Penelope

   Pe*nel"o*pe  (?), n. [From. L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, the hero
   of  the  Odyssey,  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.) A genus of curassows, including the
   guans.

                                 Penetrability

   Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty   (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  p\'82n\'82trabilit\'82.]  The
   quality  of  being  penetrable;  susceptibility  of  being penetrated,
   entered, or pierced. Cheyne.

                                  Penetrable

   Pen"e*tra*ble  (?),  a.  [L.  penetrabilus:  cf. F. p\'82n\'82trable.]
   Capable   of   being   penetrated,  entered,  or  pierced.  Used  also
   figuratively.

     And pierce his only penetrable part. Dryden.

     I  am  not  made  of  stones, But penetrable to your kind entreats.
     Shak.

   -- Pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n. -- Pen"e*tra*bly, adv.

                                   Penetrail

   Pen"e*trail (?), n. Penetralia. [Obs.] Harvey.

                                  Penetralia

   Pen`e*tra"li*a  (?), n. pl. [L., fr. penetralis penetrating, internal.
   See Penetrate.]

   1. The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially
   of a temple or palace.

   2.  Hidden  things  or  secrets;  privacy;  sanctuary;  as, the sacred
   penetralia of the home.

                            Penetrance, Penetrancy

   Pen"e*trance  (?), Pen"e*tran*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being
   penetrant;  power  of  entering  or  piercing;  penetrating  power  of
   quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile effluvia.

                                   Penetrant

   Pen"e*trant  (?),  a.  [L.  penetrans,  p.pr.  of  penetrare:  cf.  F.
   p\'82n\'82trant.] Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp;
   subtile;  as,  penetrant  cold.  "Penetrant  and  powerful arguments."
   Boyle.

                                   Penetrate

   Pen"e*trate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Penetrating.]  [L. penetratus, p.p. of penetrare to penetrate; akin to
   penitus  inward,  inwardly,  and  perh. to pens with, in the power of,
   penus store of food, innermost part of a temple.]

   1.  To  enter  into;  to  make  way into the interior of; to effect an
   entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates darkness.

   2.  To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with
   feeling;  to  make  sensible;  to  move deeply; as, to penetrate one's
   heart with pity. Shak.

     The  translator  of  Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of
     the plainness and directness of Homer's style. M. Arnold.

   3.  To  pierce  into  by  the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or
   meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to
   understand.

     Things which here were too subtile for us to penetrate. Ray.

                                   Penetrate

   Pen"e*trate,  v.  i.  To  pass;  to  make  way;  to  pierce. Also used
   figuratively.

     Preparing to penetrate to the north and west. J. R. Green.

     Born where Heaven's influence scarce can penetrate. Pope.

     The sweet of life that penetrates so near. Daniel.

                                  Penetrating

   Pen"e*tra`ting (?), a.

   1.  Having  the  power  of  entering,  piercing,  or pervading; sharp;
   subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor.

   2.  Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a penetrating
   mind.

                                 Penetratingly

   Pen"e*tra`ting*ly, adv. In a penetrating manner.

                                  Penetration

   Pen"e*tra`tion (?), n. [L. penetratio: cf. F. p\'82n\'82tration.]

   1. The act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the
   act   of   mentally   penetrating  into,  or  comprehending,  anything
   difficult.

     And  to  each in ward part, With gentle penetration, though unseen,
     Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep. Milton.

     A penetration into the difficulties of algebra. Watts.

   2.  Acuteness;  insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of
   singular   penetration.   Walpole.   Syn.  --  Discernment;  sagacity;
   acuteness; sharpness; discrimination. See Discernment, and Sagacity.

                                  Penetrative

   Pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82n\'82tratif.]

   1.  Tending  to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the
   penetrative sun.

     His look became keen and penetrative. Hawthorne.

   2.  Having  the  power  to  affect  or  impress  the  mind  or  heart;
   impressive; as, penetrative shame. Shak.

   3.   Acute;   discerning;  sagacious;  as,  penetrative  wisdom.  "The
   penetrative eye." Wordsworth.

     Led on by skill of penetrative soul. Grainger.

                                Penetrativeness

   Pen"e*tra*tive*ness, n. The quality of being penetrative.

                                    Penfish

   Pen"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A squid.

                                    Penfold

   Pen"fold` (?), n. See Pinfold.

                                   Pengolin

   Pen"go*lin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)The pangolin.

                                    Penguin

   Pen"guin (?), n. [Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W. pen
   head + gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American name.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are
   covered  with  short,  thick  feathers, almost scalelike on the wings,
   which  are  without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their
   wings  to  aid  in  diving,  in  which  they are very expert. See King
   penguin, under Jackass.

     NOTE: &hand; Pe  nguins ar e fo und in  th e so uth te mperate an d
     antarctic  regions. The king penguins (Aptenodytes Patachonica, and
     A. longirostris) are the largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus)
     and  the  rock hoppers (Catarractes) congregate in large numbers at
     their breeding grounds.

   2. (Bot.) The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (Bromelia
   Pinguin)  of  the  Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has
   rigid,  pointed,  and  spiny-toothed  leaves,  and is used for hedges.
   [Written also pinguin.]
   Arctic penguin (Zo\'94l.), the great auk. See Auk.

                                  Penguinery

   Pen"guin*er*y  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  breeding place, or rookery, of
   penguins.

                                   Penholder

   Pen"hold`er (?), n. A handle for a pen.

                                   Penhouse

   Pen"house` (?), n. A penthouse. [Obs.]

                                    Penible

   Pen*i"ble  (?), a. [OF. penible. Cf. Painable.] Painstaking; assidous.
   [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Penicil

   Pen"i*cil  (?),  n.  [L.  penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush, a
   roil  of  lint,  a  tent  for wounds.] (mented.) A tent or pledget for
   wounds or ulcers.

                                  Penicillate

   Pen`i*cil"late  (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nicill\'82. See Penicil.] (Biol.)
   Having  the  form  of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs;
   ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of
   some grasses.

                                 Penicilliform

   Pen`i*cil"li*form (?), a. (Bot.) Penicillate.

                                   Peninsula

   Pen*in"su*la  (?),  n.  [L.  peninsula  or  paeninsula; paene almost +
   insula  an  island.  See Isle.] A portion of land nearly surrounded by
   water, and connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.

                                  Peninsular

   Pen*in"su*lar  (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82ninsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a
   peninsula;  as,  a  peninsular form; peninsular people; the peninsular
   war.

                                  Peninsulate

   Pen*in"su*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peninsulated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Peninsulating.] To form into a peninsula.

     South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill farm. W. Bentley.

                                     Penis

   Pe"nis (?), n. [L.] (Anat.) The male member, or organ of generation.

                                   Penitence

   Pen"i*tence  (?),  n.  [F. p\'82nitence, L. paenitentia. See Penitent,
   and  cf.  Penance.]  The  quality  or condition of being penitent; the
   disposition  of  a  penitent;  sorrow  for sins or faults; repentance;
   contrition. "Penitence of his old guilt." Chaucer.

     Death  is  deferred,  and  penitenance has room To mitigate, if not
     reverse, the doom. Dryden.

   Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.

                                  Penitencer

   Pen"i*ten*cer   (?),  n.  [F.  p\'82nitencier.]  A  priest  who  heard
   confession  and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases. [Written also
   penitenser.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Penitency

   Pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Penitence. [Obs.]

                                   Penitent

   Pen"i*tent  (?),  a. [F. p\'82nitent, L. paenitens, -entis, poenitens,
   p.pr.  of  paenitere,  poenitere, to cause to repent, to repent; prob.
   akin to poena punishment. See Pain.]

   1.  Feeling  pain or sorrow on account of sins or offenses; repentant;
   contrite;  sincerely  affected  by  a  sense of guilt, and resolved on
   amendment of life.

     Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. Milton.

     The pound he tamed, the penitent he cheered. Dryden.

   2. Doing penance. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Penitent

   Pen"i*tent, n.

   1.   One  who  repents  of  sin;  one  sorrowful  on  account  of  his
   transgressions.

   2.  One  under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing
   penance.

   3. One under the direction of a confessor.

     NOTE: &hand; Pe  nitents is   an   ap pellation gi ven to  ce rtain
     fraternities  in  Roman  Catholic countries, distinguished by their
     habit, and employed in charitable acts.

                                  Penitential

   Pen`i*ten"tial  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. p\'82nitentiel.] Of or pertaining to
   penitence,  or  to  penance;  expressing  penitence;  of the nature of
   penance;  as,  the  penitential  book; penitential tears. "Penitential
   stripes." Cowper.

     Guilt  that all the penitential fires of hereafter can not cleanse.
     Sir W. Scott.

                                  Penitential

   Pen`i*ten"tial, n. (R. C. Ch.) A book formerly used by priests hearing
   confessions,  containing  rules  for  the  imposition  of penances; --
   called also penitential book.

                                 Penitentially

   Pen`i*ten"tial*ly, adv. In a penitential manner.

                                 Penitentiary

   Pen`i*ten"tia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nitentiaire.]

   1.  Relating  to  penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. "A
   penitentiary tax." Abp. Bramhall.

   2. Expressive of penitence; as, a penitentiary letter.

   3.  Used  for  punishment,  discipline, and reformation. "Penitentiary
   houses." Blackstone.

                                 Penitentiary

   Pen`i*ten"tia*ry,  n.; pl. Penitentiaries (#). [Cf. F. p\'82nitencier.
   See Penitent.]

   1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance. [Obs.] Bacon.

   2. One who does penance. [Obs.] Hammond.

   3. A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed. Shpiley.

   4. That part of a church to which penitents were admitted. Shipley.

   5.  (R.  C. Ch.) (a) An office of the papal court which examines cases
   of  conscience,  confession,  absolution from vows, etc., and delivers
   decisions,  dispensations,  etc.  Its  chief is a cardinal, called the
   Grand  Penitentiary,  appointed  by  the  pope. (b) An officer in some
   dioceses  since  A.  D.  1215,  vested  with  power from the bishop to
   absolve in cases reserved to him.

   6.  A  house  of  correction,  in  which  offenders  are  confined for
   punishment,  discipline,  and  reformation,  and  in  which  they  are
   generally compelled to labor.

                               Penitentiaryship

   Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or condition of a penitentiary of
   the papal court. [R.] Wood.

                                  Penitently

   Pen"i*tent*ly, adv. In a penitent manner.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1061

                                     Penk

   Penk (?), n. A minnow. See Pink, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] Walton.

                                   Penknife

   Pen"knife`  (?),  n.;  pl.  Penknives  (#).  [Pen  +  knife.]  A small
   pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens.

                                    Penman

   Pen"man (?), n.; pl. Penmen (.

   1. One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the
   pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.

   2. An author; a composer. South.

                                  Penmanship

   Pen"man*ship,  n.  The  use of the pen in writing; the art of writing;
   style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.

                                     Penna

   Pen"na  (?),  n.;  pl.  Penn\'91  (#).  [L.]  (Zo\'94l.) A perfect, or
   normal, feather.

                                  Pennaceous

   Pen"na"ceous  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Like  or  pertaining  to  a normal
   feather.

                                    Pennach

   Pen"nach  (?),  n. [OF. pennache. See Panache.] A bunch of feathers; a
   plume. [Obs.] Holland.

                                   Pennached

   Pen"nached  (?),  a.  [Cf.  OF. pennach\'82. See Panache.] Variegated;
   striped. [Obs.] Evelyn.

                                    Pennage

   Pen"nage  (?),  n.  [L.  penna  feather.]  Feathery covering; plumage.
   [Obs.] Holland.

                                    Pennant

   Pen"nant (?), n. [OE. penon, penoun, pynoun, OF. penon, F. pennon, fr.
   L.  penna feather. See Pen a feather, and cf. Pennon, Pinion.] (Naut.)
   (a)  A small flag; a pennon. The narrow, OR long, pennant (called also
   whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the
   masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant is an
   oblong,  nearly  square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's
   vessel.  "With  flags  and  pennants  trimmed." Drayton. (b) A rope or
   strap to which a purchase is hooked.

                               Pennate, Pennated

   Pen"nate  (?), Pen"na*ted (?), a. [L. pennatus feathered, winged, from
   penna feather, wing.]

   1. Winged; plume-shaped.

   2. (Bot.) Same as Pinnate.

                                   Pennatula

   Pen*nat"u*la  (?),  n.;  pl.  L.  Pennatul\'91 (#), E. Pennatulas (#).
   [NL.,  fr. L. penna a feather.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species
   of  Pennatula,  Pteroides,  and  allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a
   featherlike form; a sea-pen. The zooids are situated along one edge of
   the side branches.

                                 Pennatulacea

   Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Pennatula.]  (Zo\'94l.) A
   division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds.
   They  are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle,
   which  also  serves to support them upright in the mud. See Pennatula,
   and Illust. under Alcyonaria.

                                    Penned

   Penned (?), a.

   1. Winged; having plumes. [Obs.]

   2. Written with a pen; composed. "Their penned speech." Shak.

                                    Penner

   Pen"ner (?), n.

   1. One who pens; a writer. Sir T. North.

   2. A case for holding pens. [Obs.]

                                   Penniform

   Pen"ni*form  (?),  a.  [L.  penna feather + -form: cf. F. penniforme.]
   Having the form of a feather or plume.

                                  Pennigerous

   Pen*nig"er*ous  (?), a. [L. penniger; penna feather + gerere to bear.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Bearing feathers or quills.

                                   Penniless

   Pen"ni*less  (?),  a.  [From  Penny.] Destitute of money; impecunious;
   poor. -- Pen"ni*less*ness, n.

                                  Penninerved

   Pen"ni*nerved` (?), a. [L. penna feather + E. nerve.] Pinnately veined
   or nerved.

                                  Pennipotent

   Pen*nip"o*tent  (?),  a. [L. pennipotens; penna wing + potens strong.]
   Strong of wing; strong on the wing. [Poetic] Davies (Holy Roode).

                                    Pennon

   Pen"non (?), n. [Cf. Pinion.] A wing; a pinion. Milton.

                                    Pennon

   Pen"non, n. [See Pennant.] A pennant; a flag or streamer. Longfellow.

                            Pennoncel, Pennoncelle

   Pen"non*cel`,  Pen"non*celle` (?), n. [OF. penoncel. See Pennant.] See
   Pencel.

                                     Penny

   Pen"ny  (?), a. [Perh. a corruption of pun, for pound.] Denoting pound
   weight  for  one  thousand;  --  used  in combination, with respect to
   nails;  as,  tenpenny  nails,  nails  of which one thousand weight ten
   pounds.

                                     Penny

   Pen*ny,  n.; pl. Pennies (#) or Pence (. Pennies denotes the number of
   coins;  pence  the  amount  of pennies in value. [OE. peni, AS. penig,
   pening,  pending;  akin  to  D.  penning,  OHG. pfenning, pfenting, G.
   pfennig, Icel. penningr; of uncertain origin.]

   1.  An  English  coin,  formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth
   part  of  an  English  shilling  in  account  value, and equal to four
   farthings,   or   about   two  cents;  --  usually  indicated  by  the
   abbreviation d. (the initial of denarius).

     NOTE: &hand; "The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the
     only  one, corresponded to the denarius of the Continent . . . [and
     was]  called  penny, denarius, or denier." R. S. Poole. The ancient
     silver   penny   was   worth   about   three  pence  sterling  (see
     Pennyweight).  The  old Scotch penny was only one twelfth the value
     of  the  English  coin.  In  the  United  States  the word penny is
     popularly used for cent.

   2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver. Shak.

   3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest penny.

     What  penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent?
     Shak.

   4. (Script.) See Denarius.
   Penny  cress  (Bot.),  an  annual  herb  of the Mustard family, having
   round,  flat pods like silver pennies (Thlaspi arvense). Dr. Prior. --
   Penny  dog  (Zo\'94l.),  a  kind  of shark found on the South coast of
   Britain:  the  tope.  --  Penny father, a penurious person; a niggard.
   [Obs.]  Robinson  (More's  Utopia). -- Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal.
   [R.] -- Penny post, a post carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail
   carrier.  -- Penny wise, wise or prudent only in small matters; saving
   small  sums  while losing larger; -- used chiefly in the phrase, penny
   wise and pound foolish.
   
                                     Penny
                                       
   Pen"ny (?), a. Worth or costing one penny. 

                                 Penny-a-liner

   Pen"ny-a-lin"er (?), n. One who furnishes matter to public journals at
   so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer. Thackeray.

                                  Pennyroyal

   Pen`ny*roy"al  (?), n. [A corruption of OE. puliall royal. OE. puliall
   is ultimately derived fr. L. puleium, or pulegium regium (so called as
   being  good  against  fleas),  fr.  pulex  a  flea;  and  royal  is  a
   translation  of L. regium, in puleium regium.] (Bot.) An aromatic herb
   (Mentha  Pulegium)  of  Europe;  also, a North American plant (Hedeoma
   pulegioides)  resembling  it  in flavor. Bastard pennyroyal (Bot.) See
   Blue curls, under Blue.

                                  Pennyweight

   Pen"ny*weight` (?), n. A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or
   the  twentieth  part  of  an  ounce;  as,  a pennyweight of gold or of
   arsenic.  It  was  anciently  the weight of a silver penny, whence the
   name.

                                   Pennywort

   Pen"ny*wort`   (?),  n.  (Bot.)  A  European  trailing  herb  (Linaria
   Cymbalaria)  with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in
   hanging baskets. March, OR Water, pennywort. (Bot.) See under March.

                                  Pennyworth

   Pen"ny*worth` (?), n.

   1.  A  penny's  worth;  as  much as may be bought for a penny. "A dear
   pennyworth." Evelyn.

   2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for money
   laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.

     The priests sold the better pennyworths. Locke.

   3. A small quantity; a trifle. Bacon.

                                    Penock

   Pen"ock (?), n. See Pend.

                                  Penological

   Pen`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to penology.

                                  Penologist

   Pe*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or a student of, penology.

                                   Penology

   Pe*nol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Gr. poena, punishment + -logy.] The science or
   art of punishment. [Written also p&oe;nology.]

                                    Penrack

   Pen"rack` (?), n. A rack for pens not in use.

                                     Pens

   Pens (?), n., pl. of Penny. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Pensative

   Pen"sa*tive (?), a. Pensive. [Obs.] Shelton.

                                    Pensel

   Pen"sel (?), n. A pencel. Chaucer.

                                   Pensible

   Pen"si*ble (?), a. Held aloft. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                    Pensile

   Pen"sile  (?),  a.  [L. pensilis, fr. pendere to hang: cf. OE. pensil.
   See Pendant.] Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous. Bacon.

     The long, pensile branches of the birches. W. Howitt.

                                  Pensileness

   Pen"sile*ness, n. State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness.

                                    Pension

   Pen"sion  (?),  n.  [F., fr. L. pensio a paying, payment, fr. pendere,
   pensum,  to weight, to pay; akin to pend to hang. See Pendant, and cf.
   Spend.]

   1. A payment; a tribute; something paid or given. [Obs.]

     The stomach's pension, and the time's expense. Sylvester.

   2.  A  stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services;
   payment  made  to  one  retired  from  service,  on  account  of  age,
   disability,  or  other  cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a
   government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families
   of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like.

     To all that kept the city pensions and wages. 1 Esd. iv. 56.

   3.  A  certain  sum  of  money  paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes.
   [Eng.] Mozley & W.

   4.  [F.,  pronounced .] A boarding house or boarding school in France,
   Belgium, Switzerland, etc.

                                    Pension

   Pen"sion,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pensioned  (?);  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Pensioning.]  To  grant  a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in
   consideration  of  service already performed; -- sometimes followed by
   off; as, to pension off a servant.

     One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles. Pope.

                                  Pensionary

   Pen"sion*a*ry (?), a.

   1. Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as, pensionary spies.
   Donne.

   2.   Consisting   of   a  pension;  as,  a  pensionary  provision  for
   maintenance.

                                  Pensionary

   Pen"sion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pensionaries (#). [Cf. F. pensionnaire. Cf.
   Pensioner.]

   1. One who receives a pension; a pensioner. E. Hall.

   2. One of the chief magistrates of towns in Holland.
   Grand  pensionary, the title of the prime minister, or or president of
   the Council, of Holland when a republic.

                                   Pensioner

   Pen"sion*er (?), n.

   1. One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a dependent.

     The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train. Milton.

     Old pensioners . . . of Chelsea Hospital. Macaulay.

   2.  One  of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of
   England  on  state  occasions,  and  receive  an  annual  pension,  or
   allowance, of \'9c150 and two horses.

   3.  [Cf.  F.  pensionnaire one who pays for his board. Cf. Pensionary,
   n.]  In  the  university  of  Cambridge, England, one who pays for his
   living in commons; -- corresponding to commoner at Oxford. Ld. Lytton.

                                    Pensive

   Pen"sive  (?),  a.  [F. pensif, fr. penser to think, fr. L. pensare to
   weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr. pendere to weigh. See Pension,
   Poise.]

   1.  Thoughtful,  sober,  or sad; employed in serious reflection; given
   to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.

     The pensive secrecy of desert cell. Milton.

     Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed. Pope.

   2.  Expressing  or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, pensive
   numbers. Prior.

                                   Pensived

   Pen"sived (?), a. Made pensive. [R.] Shak.

                                   Pensively

   Pen"sive*ly (?), adv. In a pensive manner.

                                  Pensiveness

   Pen"sive*ness,  n. The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness;
   seriousness. Hooker.

                                   Penstock

   Pen"stock  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain; perh. fr. pen an inclosure +
   stock.]

   1. A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water wheel,
   or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.

   2. The barrel of a wooden pump.

                                     Pent

   Pent  (?),  p. p. OR a. [From Pen, v. t.] Penned or shut up; confined;
   -- often with up.

     Here in the body pent. J. Montgomery.

     No pent-up Utica contracts your powers. J. M. Sewall.

                                    Penta-

   Pen"ta- (?). [Gr. Five.]

   1. A combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon.

   2.  (Chem.)  Denoting  the  degree of five, either as regards quality,
   property, or composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide, etc. Also used
   adjectively.

                                  Pentabasic

   Pen`ta*ba"sic  (?),  a.  [Penta-  + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of uniting
   with five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms
   capable of substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.

                                 Pentacapsular

   Pen`ta*cap"su*lar  (?),  a.  [Penta-  +  capsular.] (Bot.) Having five
   capsules.

                                 Pentachenium

   Pen`ta*che"ni*um  (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Achenium.] (Bot.) A dry
   fruit  composed  of  five  carpels,  which are covered by an epigynous
   calyx and separate at maturity.

                                 Pentachloride

   Pen`ta*chlo"ride  (?),  n.  [Penta-  +  chloride.]  (Chem.) A chloride
   having five atoms of chlorine in each molecule.

                                  Pentachord

   Pen"ta*chord (?), n. [L. pentachordus five-stringed, Gr.

   1. An ancient instrument of music with five strings.

   2. An order or system of five sounds. Busby.

                                   Pentacid

   Pen*tac"id  (  [Penta-  +  acid.]  (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or
   combining  with,  five  molecules  of  a  monobasic  acid; having five
   hydrogen  atoms  capable  of substitution by acid residues; -- said of
   certain complex bases.

                                   Pentacle

   Pen"ta*cle (?), n. [Gr. A figure composed of two equilateral triangles
   intersecting  so  as  to  form  a  six-pointed  star, -- used in early
   ornamental  art, and also with superstitious import by the astrologers
   and  mystics  of  the Middle Ages.<-- ?? Usually, it is a five-pointed
   star,  also  called  a  pentagram  or  pentalpha.  See  illustr. under
   pentalpha. The six-pointed is also called Solomon's seal; it resembles
   the star of David (Magen David) [not listed in the W1913] -->

                                 Pentacoccous

   Pen`ta*coc"cous  (?), a. [See Penta-, Coccus.] (Bot.) Composed of five
   united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits.

                                  Pentaconter

   Pen"ta*con`ter (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) See Penteconter.

                                  Pentacrinin

   Pen*tac"ri*nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A red and purple pigment found
   in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.

                                 Pentacrinite

   Pen*tac"ri*nite  (?),  n.  [Penta-  +  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any species of
   Pentacrinus.

                                 Pentacrinoid

   Pen*tac"ri*noid  (?),  n. [Pentacrinus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An immature
   comatula  when  it  is  still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a
   Pentacrinus.

                                  Pentacrinus

   Pen*tac"ri*nus  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Penta-, and Crinum.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   genus  of  large,  stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in
   deep water among the West Indies and elsewhere.

                                   Pentacron

   Pen*ta"cron (?), n.; pl. L. Pentacra (#), E. Pentacrons (#). [NL., fr.
   Gr. (Geom.) A solid having five summits or angular points.

                                 Pentacrostic

   Pen`ta*cros"tic  (?),  n.  [Penta-  +  acrostic.]  A  set of verses so
   disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five
   times  --  the  whole  set of verses being divided into five different
   parts from top to bottom.

                                    Pentad

   Pen"tad  (?),  n. [Gr. (Chem.) Any element, atom, or radical, having a
   valence  of  five,  or which can be combined with, substituted for, or
   compared  with, five atoms of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is
   a pentad in the ammonium compounds.

                                    Pentad

   Pen"tad, a. (Chem.) Having the valence of a pentad.

                           Pentadactyl, Pentadactyle

   Pen`ta*dac"tyl, Pen`ta*dac"tyle (?), a. [Gr. Penta-, and Dactyl.]

   1. (Anat.) Having five digits to the hand or foot.

   2. Having five appendages resembling fingers or toes.

                                Pentadactyloid

   Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid  (?),  a.  [Pentadactyl + -oid.] (Anat.) Having the
   form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb.

                                  Pentadecane

   Pen`ta*dec"ane  (?),  n.  [Penta-  +  Gr. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the
   paraffin  series,  (C15H32)  found  in  petroleum,  tar oil, etc., and
   obtained  as  a colorless liquid; -- so called from the fifteen carbon
   atoms in the molecule.

                                 Pentadecatoic

   Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [Penta- + decatoic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
   to,  or  derived  from, pentadecane, or designating an acid related to
   it.

                                 Pentadecylic

   Pen`ta*decyl"ic   (?),   a.   [Penta-  +  decylic.]  (Chem.)  Same  as
   Quindecylic<-- = pentadecyl? -->.

                                 Pentadelphous

   Pen`ta*del"phous  (?),  a.  [Penta-  +  Gr.  (Bot.) Having the stamens
   arranged  in  five  clusters,  those  of  each  cluster  having  their
   filaments more or less united, as the flowers of the linden.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1062

                                   Pentafid

   Pen"ta*fid  (?),  a.  [Penta-  +  root of L. findere to split.] (Bot.)
   Divided or cleft into five parts.

                                   Pentaglot

   Pen"ta*glot  (?),  n. [Penta- + -glot, as in polyglot.] A work in five
   different tongues.

                                   Pentagon

   Pen"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. Penta-) + gwni`a angle: cf. L. pentagonium, F.
   pentagone.]   (Geom.)   A   plane  figure  having  five  angles,  and,
   consequently,  five  sides;  any  figure  having  five angles. Regular
   pentagon,  a pentagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides
   all equal.

                                  Pentagonal

   Pen*tag"o*nal  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. pentagonal, pentagone, L. pentagonus,
   pentagonius,   Gr.   Having   five   corners   or  angles.  Pentagonal
   dodecahedron. See Dodecahedron, and Pyritohedron.

                                 Pentagonally

   Pen*tag"o*nal*ly,  adv.  In  the form of a pentagon; with five angles.
   Sir T. Browne.

                                  Pentagonous

   Pen*tag"o*nous (?), a. Pentagonal.

                                   Pentagram

   Pen"ta*gram  (?),  n.  [Gr.  Penta-,  and  -gram.]  A  pentacle  or  a
   pentalpha. "Like a wizard pentagram." Tennyson.

                         Pentagraphic, Pentagraphical

   Pen`ta*graph"ic   (?),   Pen`ta*graph"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Corrupted  fr.
   pantographic, -ical.] Pantographic. See Pantograph.

                                  Pentagynia

   Pen`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
   order of plants, having five styles or pistils.

                           Pentagynian, Pentagynous

   Pen`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Pen*tag"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
   plants of the order Pentagyna; having five styles.

                                  Pentahedral

   Pen`ta*he"dral (?), a. Having five sides; as, a pentahedral figure.

                                 Pentahedrical

   Pen`ta*hed"ric*al (?), a. Pentahedral. [R.]

                                  Pentahedron

   Pen`ta*he"dron  (?),  n.  [Penta-  +  Gr.  "e`dra seat, base.] A solid
   figure having five sides.

                                 Pentahedrous

   Pen`ta*he"drous (?), a. Pentahedral. Woodward.

                                    Pentail

   Pen"tail`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  peculiar  insectivore (Ptilocercus
   Lowii)  of Borneo; -- so called from its very long, quill-shaped tail,
   which is scaly at the base and plumose at the tip.

                                   Pentalpha

   Pen*tal"pha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pentalpha. See Penta-, and Alpha.] A
   five-pointed  star,  resembling  five alphas joined at their bases; --
   used as a symbol. <-- also called pentagram and pentacle? -->

                                   Pentamera

   Pen*tam"e*ra   (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Pentamerous.]  (Zo\'94l.)  An
   extensive  division  of Coleoptera, including those that normally have
   five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all the known species of
   the Coleoptera.

                                  Pentameran

   Pen*tam"er*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pentamera.

                                  Pentamerous

   Pen*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr.

   1.  (Biol.) Divided into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged
   in  sets,  with  five parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals,
   five petals, five, or twice five, stamens, and five pistils.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Pentamera.

                                  Pentamerus

   Pen*tam"e*rus  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Pentamerous.] (Paleon.) A genus of
   extinct  Paleozoic  brachiopods,  often  very  abundant  in  the Upper
   Silurian.  Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a Silurian limestone composed
   largely of the shells of Pentamerus.

                                  Pentameter

   Pen*tam"e*ter  (?),  n. [L., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Gr. & L.Pros.) A verse
   of five feet.

     NOTE: &hand; Th  e da  ctylic pe ntameter co nsists of  tw o pa rts
     separated by a di\'91resis. Each part consists of two dactyls and a
     long  syllable. The spondee may take the place of the dactyl in the
     first  part, but not in the second. The elegiac distich consists of
     the hexameter followed by the pentameter.

   Harkness.

                                  Pentameter

   Pen*tam"e*ter, a. Having five metrical feet.

                                Pentamethylene

   Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene   (?),   n.   [Penta-   +   methylene.]  (Chem.)  A
   hypothetical  hydrocarbon, C5H10, metameric with the amylenes, and the
   nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded
   as   composed  of  five  methylene  residues.  Cf.  Trimethylene,  and
   Tetramethylene.

                                  Pentandria

   Pen*tan"dri*a  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
   class of plants having five separate stamens.

                           Pentandrian, Pentandrous

   Pen*tan"dri*an  (?),  Pen*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
   the class Pentadria; having five stamens.

                                    Pentane

   Pen"tane  (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Any one of the three metameric
   hydrocarbons,  C5H12,  of  the  methane  or  paraffin series. They are
   colorless,  volatile  liquids,  two  of  which  occur in petroleum. So
   called because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule.

                                   Pentangle

   Pen"tan`gle (?), n. [Penta- + angle.] A pentagon. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Pentangular

   Pen*tan"gu*lar  (?),  a.  [Penta-  +  angular.] Having five corners or
   angles. [R.]

                                 Pentapetalous

   Pen`ta*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Penta- + petal.] (Bot.) Having five petals,
   or flower leaves.

                                 Pentaphyllous

   Pen*taph"yl*lous  (?),  a.  [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having five leaves or
   leaflets.

                                   Pentapody

   Pen*tap"o*dy  (?),  n.  [Penta-  +  Gr.  (Pros.)  A  measure or series
   consisting of five feet.

                                  Pentaptote

   Pen"tap*tote  (?),  n.  [L.  (pl.) pentaptota. Gr. Penta-) + (Gram.) A
   noun having five cases.

                                  Pentaptych

   Pen"tap*tych  (?),  n.  [Penta-  +  Gr.  (Fine  Arts)  A  picture,  or
   combination  of  pictures,  consisting  of  a  centerpiece  and double
   folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.

                                   Pentarchy

   Pen"tar*chy  (?),  n.  [Gr.  pentarchie.  See  Penta-,  and -archy.] A
   government  in  the  hands  of  five  persons;  five  joint rulers. P.
   Fletcher. "The pentarchy of the senses." A. Brewer.

                                  Pentaspast

   Pen"ta*spast  (?),  n. [L. pentaspaston, Gr. Penta-) + pentaspaste.] A
   purchase with five pulleys. [R.]

                                 Pentaspermous

   Pen`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Containing five seeds.

                                  Pentastich

   Pen"ta*stich  (?),  n. [Gr. Penta-) + A composition consisting of five
   verses.

                                 Pentastichous

   Pen*tas"ti*chous  (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having, or arranged in,
   five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a cherry tree.

                                 Pentastomida

   Pen`ta*stom"i*da  (?),  n.  pl. [NL., fr. Penta-) + (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Linguatulina.

                                  Pentastyle

   Pen"ta*style  (?),  a.  [Penta-  +  Gr. (Arch.) Having five columns in
   front; -- said of a temple or portico in classical architecture. -- n.
   A portico having five columns.

                                  Pentateuch

   Pen"ta*teuch  (?),  n. [L. pentateuchus, Gr. Penta-) + text. See Five,
   and Text.] The first five books of the Old Testament, collectively; --
   called also the Law of Moses, Book of the Law of Moses, etc.

                                 Pentateuchal

   Pen`ta*teu"chal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch.

                                 Pentathionic

   Pen`ta*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Penta- + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating,  an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide
   into  a  solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains
   five atoms of sulphur.

                                  Pentathlon

   Pen*tath"lon  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A fivefold athletic
   performance  peculiar  to  the  great  national  games  of the Greeks,
   including  leaping,  foot  racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and
   throwing the spear.

                                  Pentatomic

   Pen`ta*tom"ic (?), a. [Penta- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having five atoms
   in   the   molecule.   (b)  Having  five  hydrogen  atoms  capable  of
   substitution.

                                  Pentavalent

   Pen*tav"a*lent  (?),  a.  [Penta-  +  L.  valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
   (Chem.)  Having  a  valence  of  five;  --  said  of certain atoms and
   radicals.

                                  Penteconter

   Pen"te*con`ter  (?),  n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A Grecian vessel with fifty
   oars. [Written also pentaconter.]

                                   Pentecost

   Pen"te*cost (?), n. [L. pentecoste, Gr. Five, and cf. Pingster.]

   1.  A  solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because celebrated on
   the  fiftieth  day  (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover
   (which  fell  on  the  sixteenth  of the Jewish month Nisan); -- hence
   called,  also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering of the
   first  fruits  of  the  harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally
   regarded  as  commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day
   after the departure from Egypt.

   2.   A   festival   of  the  Roman  Catholic  and  other  churches  in
   commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which
   occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday. Shak.

                                  Pentecostal

   Pen`te*cos"tal   (?),   a.   Of  or  pertaining  to  Pentecost  or  to
   Whitsuntide.

                                 Pentecostals

   Pen`te*cos"tals  (?),  n.  pl.  Offerings  formerly made to the parish
   priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost. Shipley.

                                  Pentecoster

   Pen`te*cos"ter  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An officer in the
   Spartan army commanding fifty men. Mitford.

                                  Pentecosty

   Pen`te*cos"ty (?), n.; pl. Pentecosties (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A troop
   of  fifty  soldiers  in  the Spartan army; -- called also pentecostys.
   Jowett (Thucyd. ).

                             Pentelic, Pentelican

   Pen*tel"ic  (?),  Pen*tel"i*can  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining to Mount
   Pentelicus,  near  Athens,  famous for its fine white marble quarries;
   obtained  from  Mount Pentelicus; as, the Pentelic marble of which the
   Parthenon is built.

                                    Pentene

   Pen"tene (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Amylene.

                                   Penthouse

   Pent"house`  (?), n. [A corruption of pentice.] A shed or roof sloping
   from  the  main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to.
   Also  figuratively.  "The penthouse of his eyes." Sir W. Scott. <-- 2.
   An  apartment  at  the  top  of  a  building.  It  is  often  the most
   luxuriously  appointed  apartment,  and is thus used as a metaphor for
   luxurious living. -->

                                   Penthouse

   Pent"house`,  a.  Leaning;  overhanging.  "Penthouse  lid."  Shak. "My
   penthouse eyebrows." Dryden.

                                    Pentice

   Pen"tice  (?),  n. [F. appentis a penthouse. See Append.] A penthouse.
   [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

                                    Pentile

   Pen"tile` (?), n. See Pantile.

                                    Pentine

   Pen"tine  (?),  n.  [See  Penta-.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon,
   C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same as Valerylene.

                                    Pentoic

   Pen*to"ic (?), a. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or desingating,
   an acid (called also valeric acid) derived from pentane.

                                    Pentone

   Pen"tone (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Valylene.

                                   Pentoxide

   Pen*tox"ide (?), n. [Penta- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing five
   atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.

                                  Pentremite

   Pen"tre*mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pentremites.

                                  Pentremites

   Pen`tre*mi"tes  (?),  n.  [NL.,  from  Gr. remus an oar.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   genus  of  crinoids  belonging  to  the  Blastoidea.  They  have  five
   petal-like ambulacra.

                                   Pentroof

   Pent"roof` (?), n. [F. pente slope + E. roof, or from penthouse roof.]
   See Lean-to.

                                   Pentrough

   Pen"trough` (?), n. A penstock.

                                    Pentyl

   Pen"tyl  (?),  n.  [Penta  +  -yl.]  (Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
   C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl.

                                   Pentylic

   Pen*tyl"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl;
   as, pentylic alcohol

                               Penuchle, Pinocle

   Pe"nu*chle  (?),  Pin"o*cle  (?),  n.  A  game  at  cards, played with
   forty-eight  cards,  being  all the cards above the eight spots in two
   packs.

                                    Penult

   Pe"nult  (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.) The last
   syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one.

                                   Penultima

   Pe*nul"ti*ma  (?),  n. [L. (sc. syllaba), fr. penultimus, paenultimus,
   the last but one; paene almost + ultimus the last.] Same as Penult.

                                  Penultimate

   Pe*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the
   last syllable but one of a word.

                                  Penultimate

   Pe*nul"ti*mate, n. The penult.

                                   Penumbra

   Pe*num"bra (?), n. [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.]

   1. An incomplete or partial shadow.

   2.  (Astron.)  The  shadow  cast,  in  an  eclipse, where the light is
   partly,  but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of
   partial  illumination  between  the  umbra,  or perfect shadow, on all
   sides, and the full light. Sir I. Newton.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e fa int shade surrounding the dark central portion
     of a solar spot is also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra.

   3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends
   with the light.

                                  Penumbrala

   Pe*num"brala.  Of  or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra;
   partially illuminated.

                                   Penurious

   Pe*nu"ri*ous (?), a. [From Penury.]

   1.  Excessively  sparing in the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly.
   "A penurious niggard of his wealth." Milton.

   2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.

     Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream. C. Pitt.

   3.  Destitute  of  money; suffering extreme want. [Obs.] "My penurious
   band."  Shak.  Syn.  --  Avaricious;  covetous; parsimonious; miserly;
   niggardly;   stingy.   See   Avaricious.  --Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly,  adv.  --
   Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n.

                                    Penury

   Pen"u*ry (?), n. [L. penuria; cf. Gr. p\'82nurie.]

   1.  Absence of resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty;
   destitution. "A penury of military forces." Bacon.

     They were exposed to hardship and penury. Sprat.

     It arises in neither from penury of thought. Landor.

   2. Penuriousness; miserliness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

                                   Penwiper

   Pen"wip`er  (?),  n.  A  cloth,  or  other material, for wiping off or
   cleaning ink from a pen.

                                   Penwoman

   Pen"wom`an  (?),  n.;  pl.  Penwomen (. A female writer; an authoress.
   Johnson.

                                     Peon

   Pe"on (?), n. See Poon.

                                     Peon

   Pe"on,  n.  [Sp.  peon,  or  Pg.  pe,  one who travels on foot, a foot
   soldier, a pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.]

   1.  A  foot  soldier;  a  policeman;  also,  an  office  attendant;  a
   messenger. [India]

   2.  A  day  laborer;  a  servant;  especially,  in some of the Spanish
   American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of qualified
   servitude, to work out a debt.

   3. (Chess) See 2d Pawn.

                                    Peonage

   Pe"on*age (?), n. The condition of a peon.

                                    Peonism

   Pe"on*ism (?), n. Same as Peonage. D. Webster.

                                     Peony

   Pe"o*ny  (?),  n.;  pl.  Peonies  (#).  [OE. pione, pioine, pioni, OF.
   pione,  F.  pivoine, L. paeonia, Gr. P\'91an.] (Bot.) A plant, and its
   flower,  of  the  ranunculaceous  genus P\'91onia. Of the four or five
   species,  one  is  a  shrub;  the  rest are perennial herbs with showy
   flowers,  often  double  in  cultivation.  [Written also p\'91ony, and
   piony.]
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1063

                                    People

   Peo"ple  (?),  n.  [OE.  peple,  people, OF. pueple, F. peuple, fr. L.
   populus. Cf. Populage, Public, Pueblo.]

   1.  The  body  of  persons  who compose a community, tribe, nation, or
   race;  an  aggregate  of  individuals  forming a whole; a community; a
   nation.

     Unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen. xlix. 10.

     The ants are a people not strong. Prov. xxx. 25.

     Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues. Rev. x. 11.

     Earth's monarchs are her peoples. Whitter

   .

     A  government  of  all  the  people, by all the people, for all the
     people. T. Parker.

     NOTE: &hand; Peopleis a collective noun, generally construed with a
     plural  verb,  and  only  occasionally  used  in  the  plural  form
     (peoples), in the sense of nations or races.

   2.  Persons,  generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks;
   population,  or  part  of population; as, country people; -- sometimes
   used  as  an indefinite subject or verb, like on in French, and man in
   German; as, people in adversity.

     People were tempted to lend by great premiums. Swift

   .

     People   have  lived  twenty-four  days  upon  nothing  but  water.
     Arbuthnot

   .

   3.  The  mass  of  comunity as distinguished from a special class; the
   commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles and
   people.

     And strive to gain his pardon from the people. Addison

   .

   4.  With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's ancestors or family; kindred;
   relations;  as,  my  people  were  English. (b) One's subjects; fellow
   citizens;  companions;  followers.  "You  slew  great  number  of  his
   people."  Shak.  Syn.  -- People, Nation. When speaking of a state, we
   use  people for the mass of the community, as distinguished from their
   rulers,  and  nation  for  the  entire  political  body, including the
   rulers.  In  another sense of the term, nation describes those who are
   descended  from  the  same stock; and in this sense the Germans regard
   themselves  as  one  nation,  though  politically subject to different
   forms of government.

                                    People

   Peo"ple  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr. & vb. n. Peopling (.]
   [Cf.  OF.  popler,  puepler,  F. puepler. Cf. Populate.] To stock with
   people  or  inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate. "Peopled
   heaven with angels." Dryden.

     As the gay motes that people the sunbeams. Milton

   .

                                    Peopled

   Peo"pled  (?),  a.  Stocked  with, or as with, people; inhabited. "The
   peopled air." Gray.

                                  Peopleless

   Peo"ple*less, a. Destitute of people. Poe.

                                    Peopler

   Peo"pler  (?),  n. A settler; an inhabitant. "Peoplers of the peaceful
   glen." J. S. Blackie.

                                   Peoplish

   Peo"plish (?), a. Vulgar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Peorias

   Pe*o"ri*as  (?),  n. pl.; sing. Peoria (. (Ethnol.) An Algonquin tribe
   of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois.

                                   Pepastic

   Pe*pas"tic   (?),   a.  &  n.  [Gr.  p\'82pastique.]  (Med.)  Same  as
   Maturative.

                              Peperine, Peperino

   Pep"e*rine (?), Pep`e*ri"no (?), n. [It. peperino, L. piper pepper. So
   called  on  account  of its color.] (Geol.) A volcanic rock, formed by
   the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders, etc.

                                    Peplis

   Pep"lis  (?),  n.  [L.,  a kind of plant, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants
   including water purslane.

                                    Peplus

   Pep"lus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1. An upper garment worn by Grecian and Roman women.

   2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen. [Obs.] Fairholt.

                                     Pepo

   Pe"po  (?),  n. [L., a kind of melon, from Gr. (Bot.) Any fleshy fruit
   with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See Gourd.

                                    Pepper

   Pep"per  (?),  n.  [OE.  peper,  AS. pipor, L. piper, fr. Gr. pippala,
   pippali.]

   1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either
   whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum.

     NOTE: &hand; Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry,
     dried  just  before  maturity;  white  pepper is made from the ripe
     berry  after  the  outer  skin  has  been removed by maceration and
     friction.  It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than
     the  black  pepper.  Pepper  is  used  in medicine as a carminative
     stimulant.

   2.  (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber
   (Piper  nigrum),  with  ovate  leaves  and apetalous flowers in spikes
   opposite  the  leaves.  The  berries  are  red  when  ripe.  Also,  by
   extension,  any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper,
   widely  dispersed  throughout  the tropical and subtropical regions of
   the earth.

   3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as, the
   bell pepper.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm pe pper ha s been extended to various other
     fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper,
     esp.  to  the  common  varieties of Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the
     Phrases, below.

   African  pepper,  the  Guinea  pepper.  See  under  Guinea. -- Cayenne
   pepper. See under Cayenne. -- Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the
   Xanthoxylum  piperitum,  a  species  of prickly ash found in China and
   Japan.  --  Guinea  pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum. -- Jamaica
   pepper.  See  Allspice.  --  Long  pepper. (a) The spike of berries of
   Piper  longum,  an  East  Indian  shrub.  (b)  The  root  of Piper, OR
   Macropiper,  methysticum.  See  Kava.  --  Malaguetta,  OR Meleguetta,
   pepper,  the  aromatic seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant
   of  the  Ginger  family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc.,
   under  the name of grains of Paradise. -- Red pepper. See Capsicum. --
   Sweet  pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Clethra alnifolia), with
   racemes  of  fragrant  white  flowers;  -- called also white alder. --
   Pepper  box  OR  caster, a small box or bottle, with a perforated lid,
   used for sprinkling ground pepper on food, etc. -- Pepper corn. See in
   the  Vocabulary. -- Pepper elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several
   plants of the Pepper family, species of Piper and Peperomia. -- Pepper
   moth (Zo\'94l.), a European moth (Biston betularia) having white wings
   covered with small black specks. -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or
   stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies. --
   Pepper  root.  (Bot.). See Coralwort. -- pepper sauce, a condiment for
   the  table,  made  of  small red peppers steeped in vinegar. -- Pepper
   tree  (Bot.),  an  aromatic  tree  (Drimys  axillaris) of the Magnolia
   family, common in New Zealand. See Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic.

                                    Pepper

   Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peppered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peppering.]

   1. To sprinkle or season with pepper.

   2.  Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to
   pelt;  to  fill  with  shot,  or cover with bruises or wounds. "I have
   peppered  two  of  them."  "I am peppered, I warrant, for this world."
   Shak.

                                    Pepper

   Pep"per, v. i. To fire numerous shots (at).

                                  Pepperbrand

   Pep"per*brand` (?), n. (Bot.) See 1st Bunt.

                                  Peppercorn

   Pep"per*corn` (?), n.

   1. A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper nigrum).

   2. Anything insignificant; a particle.

                                 Pepper dulse

   Pep"per  dulse`  (?).  (Bot.)  A  variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia
   pinnatifida) distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.] Lindley.

                                   Pepperer

   Pep"per*er  (?),  n.  A  grocer; -- formerly so called because he sold
   pepper. [Obs.]

                                  Peppergrass

   Pep"per*grass`  (?),  n.  (Bot.) (a) Any herb of the cruciferous genus
   Lepidium, especially the garden peppergrass, or garden cress, Lepidium
   sativum;  --  called  also  pepperwort. All the species have a pungent
   flavor. (b) The common pillwort of Europe (Pilularia globulifera). See
   Pillwort.

                                  Pepperidge

   Pep"per*idge  (?),  n. [Cf. NL. berberis, E. barberry.] (Bot.) A North
   American  tree  (Nyssa multiflora) with very tough wood, handsome oval
   polished  leaves,  and  very  acid berries, -- the sour gum, or common
   tupelo.   See   Tupelo.   [Written  also  piperidge  and  pipperidge.]
   Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the barberry.

                                   Peppering

   Pep"per*ing, a. Hot; pungent; peppery. Swift.

                                  Peppermint

   Pep"per*mint (?), n. [Pepper + mint.]

   1.  (Bot.)  An  aromatic  and  pungent  plant  of the genus Mentha (M.
   piperita), much used in medicine and confectionery.

   2.  A  volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb;
   also,  a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained
   from it.

   3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint.
   Peppermint  camphor.  (Chem.)  Same  as  Menthol.  --  Peppermint tree
   (Bot.),  a  name  given  to  several  Australian  species  of gum tree
   (Eucalyptus amygdalina, E. piperita, E. odorata, etc.) which have hard
   and durable wood, and yield an essential oil.

                                  Pepperwort

   Pep"per*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Peppergrass.

                                    Peppery

   Pep"per*y (?), a.

   1.  Of  or  pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper; hot;
   pungent.

   2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.

                                    Pepsin

   Pep"sin  (?),  n.  [Gr.  pepsine.  Cf. Dyspepsia.] (Physiol. Chem.) An
   unorganized  proteolytic  ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory
   glands  of  the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute
   hydrochloric  acid  (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together
   constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active
   agent in the gastric juice of all animals.

     NOTE: &hand; As  pr epared fr om th e gl andular la yer of pigs' or
     calves' stomachs it constitutes an important article of pharmacy.

                              Pepsinhydrochloric

   Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric    (?),    a.   (Physiol.   Chem.)   Same   as
   Peptohydrochloric.

                                  Pepsinogen

   Pep*sin"o*gen (?), n. [Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) The antecedent
   of  the  ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules
   in  the  peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible
   into pepsin. Also called propepsin.

                                    Peptic

   Pep"tic (?), a. [L. pepticus, Gr. Pepsin.]

   1.  Relating  to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic
   sauces.

   2. Able to digest. [R.]

     Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic. Carlyle.

   3.  (Physiol.  Chem.)  Pertaining  to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its
   power  of  digesting  or  dissolving  albuminous matter; containing or
   yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.

                                    Peptic

   Pep"tic, n.

   1. An agent that promotes digestion.

   2. pl. The digestive organs.

     Is  there  some  magic  in  the  place,  Or  do  my peptics differ?
     Tennyson.

                                    Peptics

   Pep"tics (?), n. The science of digestion.

                                   Peptogen

   Pep"to*gen   (?),   n.   [Peptone  +  -gen.]  (Physiol.)  A  substance
   convertible into peptone.

                                  Peptogenic

   Pep`to*gen"ic (?), a. Same as Peptogenous.

                                  Peptogenous

   Pep*tog"e*nous  (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Capable of yielding, or being
   converted into, peptone.

                               Peptohydrochloric

   Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric   (?),  a.  [See  Peptone,  and  Hydrochloric.]
   (Physiol.    Chem.)    Designating   a   hypothetical   acid   (called
   peptohydrochloric  acid,  pepsinhydrochloric  acid,  and  chloropeptic
   acid)  which  is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4
   per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.

                                    Peptone

   Pep"tone  (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The soluble and diffusible
   substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are
   transformed  by  the  action  of  the  gastric  and pancreatic juices.
   Peptones  are  also  formed  from  albuminous  matter by the action of
   boiling water and boiling dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a broader
   sense,  all  the  products  resulting  from the solution of albuminous
   matter  in  either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case, however,
   intermediate   products   (albumose  bodies),  such  as  antialbumose,
   hemialbumose,  etc.,  are  mixed  with  the true peptones. Also termed
   albuminose. <-- soluble polypeptides produced by hydrolysis of protein
   -->

     NOTE: &hand; Pu re pe ptones ar e of  th ree ki nds, am phopeptone,
     antipeptone,  and hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are
     not  precipitated  by  saturating  their  solutions  with  ammonium
     sulphate.

                                   Peptonize

   Pep"to*nize  (?),  v. t. (Physiol.) To convert into peptone; to digest
   or dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as, peptonized food.

                                   Peptonoid

   Pep"to*noid  (?),  n.  [Peptone  + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance
   related to peptone.

                                  Peptonuria

   Pep`to*nu"ri*a  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Peptone,  and  Urine.] (Med.) The
   presence  of  peptone,  or a peptonelike body, in the urine.<-- not in
   Stedman's. Superseded by proteinuria? -->

                                  Peptotoxine

   Pep`to*tox"ine  (?),  n.  [Peptone + toxic + -ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
   toxic  alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed
   from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.

                                    Pequots

   Pe"quots (?), n. pl.; sing. Pequot (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who
   formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut. [Written also Pequods.]

                                     Per-

   Per- (?). [See Per.]

   1.  A  prefix  used  to signify through, throughout, by, for, or as an
   intensive  as  perhaps,  by  hap  or  chance;  perennial,  that  lasts
   throughout  the  year;  perforce,  through  or  by  force; perfoliate,
   perforate;  perspicuous,  evident throughout or very evident; perplex,
   literally, to entangle very much.

   2.  (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which
   it  is  prefixed  in  the  respective  compounds exercised its highest
   valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other
   similar  compounds;  thus,  barium  peroxide  is  the highest oxide of
   barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not the
   highest oxides of those elements.

                                      Per

   Per (?), prep. [L. Cf. Far, For-, Pardon, and cf. Par, prep.] Through;
   by  means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum;
   per  capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the
   court;  per  se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with
   English  words.  Per  annum,  by  the  year;  in each successive year;
   annually.  -- Per cent, Per centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; --
   used  esp.  of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest,
   and  the  like;  commonly  used  in  the  shortened  form per cent.<--
   commonly  symbolized with the per cent sign, % --> -- Per diem, by the
   day. [For other phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc.,
   from Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]

                                    Peract

   Per*act"  (?),  v.  t.  [L. peractus, p.p. of peragere.] To go through
   with; to perform. [Obs.] Sylvester.

                                   Peracute

   Per`a*cute"  (?),  a. [L. peracutus. See Per-, and Acute.] Very sharp;
   very violent; as, a peracute fever. [R.] Harvey.

                                 Peradventure

   Per`ad*ven"ture  (?), adv. & conj. [OE. per aventure, F. par aventure.
   See Per, and Adventure.] By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing.
   "If peradventure he speak against me." Shak.

     Peradventure  there be fifty righteous within the city. Gen. xviii.
     24.

                                 Peradventure

   Per`ad*ven"ture,  n.  Chance;  hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved
   beyond peradventure. South.

                                  Per\'91opod

   Pe*r\'91"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the thoracic legs
   of a crustacean. See Illust. of Crustacea.

                                   Peragrate

   Per"a*grate  (?),  v. t. [L. peragratus, p.p. of peragrate.] To travel
   over or through. [Obs.]

                                  Peragration

   Per`agra"tion  (?), n. [L. peragratio: cf. F. peragration.] The act or
   state of passing through any space; as, the peragration of the moon in
   her monthly revolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Perambulate

   Per*am"bu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perambulated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.   Perambulating.]   [L.   perambulatus,   p.p.  of  perambulare  to
   perambulate;  per through + ambulare to walk. See Per-, and Amble.] To
   walk  through  or  over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of
   surveying  or  examining;  to  inspect by traversing; specifically, to
   inspect  officially  the  boundaries  of,  as  of a town or parish, by
   walking over the whole line.

                                  Perambulate

   Per*am"bu*late,  v.  i.  To  walk  about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he
   perambulated in the park.

                                 Perambulation

   Per*am`bu*la"tion (?), n.

   1. The act of perambulating; traversing. Bacon.

   2.  An  annual  survey  of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest,
   etc.

   3.  A  district  within  which  one  is  authorized  to make a tour of
   inspection.  "The  .  .  .  bounds  of  his own perambulation." [Obs.]
   Holyday.

                                 Perambulator

   Per*am"bu*la`tor (?), n.

   1. One who perambulates.

   2.  A  surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a
   wheel  arranged  to  roll  along over the ground, with an apparatus of
   clockwork,  and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown
   by an index. See Odometer.

   3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.

                                   Perameles

   Per`a*me"les  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. meles a badger.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
   marsupial  of  the  genus  Perameles,  which includes numerous species
   found  in  Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form.
   See Illust. under Bandicoot.

                                    Perbend

   Per"bend (?), n. See Perpender.

                                   Perbreak

   Per"break` (?), n. [Obs.] See Parbreak.

                                  Perbromate

   Per*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.)A salt of perbromic acid.

                                   Perbromic

   Per*bro"mic  (?),  a. [Pref. per- + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO4, of bromine.

                                  Perbromide

   Per*bro"mide  (?),  n. (Chem.) A bromide having a higher proportion of
   bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series.

                                     Perca

   Per"ca  (?), n. [L., a perch.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, including
   the fresh-water perch.

                                    Percale

   Per`cale"  (?),  n.  [F.] A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish,
   and  often  printed  on  one  side, -- used for women's and children's
   wear.

                                   Percaline

   Per`ca`line"  (?), n. [F.] A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually
   of one color.

                                  Percarbide

   Per*car"bide  (?),  n.  [Pref.  per-  +  carbide.]  (Chem.)A  compound
   containing a relatively large amount of carbon. [R.]

                                  Percarburet

   Per*car"bu*ret  (?), n. [Pref. per- + carburet.] (Chem.) A percarbide.
   [Obsoles.]

                                 Percarbureted

   Per*car"bu*ret`ed,  a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount
   of carbon.

                                    Percase

   Per*case"  (?),  adv.  [OE. per cas. See Parcase.] Perhaps; perchance.
   [Obs.] Bacon.

                                     Perce

   Perce (?), v. t. To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Perceivable

   Per*ceiv"a*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of being perceived; perceptible. --
   Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

                                  Perceivance

   Per*ceiv"ance  (?),  n.  Power  of  perceiving. [Obs.] "The senses and
   common perceivance." Milton.

                                   Perceive

   Per*ceive"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Perceived (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perceiving.]  [OF.  percevoir, perceveir, L. percipere, perceptum; per
   (see  Per-)  +  capere  to  take,  receive.  See  Capacious,  and  cf.
   Perception.]

   1.  To  obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions
   from  by  means  of  the  bodily  organs;  to  take  cognizance of the
   existence,  character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see,
   hear,  or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to perceive a discord.
   Reid.

   2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be
   convinced  of  by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to
   see; to understand.

     Jesus perceived their wickedness. Matt. xxii. 18.

     You may, fair lady, Perceive I speak sincerely. Shak.

     Till  we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our
     own understandings, we are still in the dark. Locke.

   3. To be affected of influented by. [R.]

     The  upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter
     of tempests before the air here below. Bacon.

   Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand.
   --  To  Perceive,  Discern.  To perceive a thing is to apprehend it as
   presented  to  the  senses  or  the  intellect;  to discern is to mark
   differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it.
   We  may  perceive  two  persons afar off without being able to discern
   whether  they are men or women. Hence, discern is often used of an act
   of  the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical
   attention. We perceive that which is clear or obvious; we discern that
   which  requires  much  attention  to  get  an idea of it. "We perceive
   light,  darkness,  colors,  or  the truth or falsehood of anything. We
   discern characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions,
   etc." Crabb.
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   Page 1064

                                   Perceiver

   Per*ceiv"er  (?),  n.  One  who perceives (in any of the senses of the
   verb). Milton.

                                    Percely

   Perce"ly (?), n. Parsley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Percentage

   Per*cent"age  (?),  n.  [Per  cent + -age, as in average. See Per, and
   Cent.]  (Com.)  A  certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of
   interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred.

                                    Percept

   Per"cept  (?),  n.  [From  L.  percipere,  perceptum.]  That  which is
   perceived. Sir W. Hamilton.

     The   modern  discussion  between  percept  and  concept,  the  one
     sensuous, the other intellectual. Max M\'81ller.

                                Perceptibility

   Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perceptibilit\'82.]

   1.  The  quality or state of being perceptible; as, the perceptibility
   of light or color.

   2. Perception. [R.] Dr. H. More.

                                  Perceptible

   Per*cep"ti*ble  (?),  a.  [L.  perceptibilis:  cf. F. perceptible. See
   Perceive.]   Capable  of  being  perceived;  cognizable;  discernible;
   perceivable.

     With a perceptible blast of the air. Bacon.

   -- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Per*cep"ti*bly, adv.

                                  Perception

   Per*cep"tion (?), n. [L. perceptio: cf. F. perception. See Perceive.]

   1.  The  act  of  perceiving;  cognizance  by the senses or intellect;
   apperhension  by  the  bodily  organs,  or  by  the  mind,  of what is
   presented to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.

   2. (Metaph.) The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part,
   of  man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or
   instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material
   objects  or  qualities  through  the  senses;  --  distinguished  from
   conception. Sir W. Hamilton.

     Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not conscious of its own
     existence. Bentley.

   3.  The  quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something
   external; sensation; sensibility. [Obs.]

     This experiment discovereth perception in plants. Bacon.

   4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

     NOTE: &hand; "T  he wo  rd pe  rception is , in  th e la nguage of 
     philosophers   previous   to   Reid,   used  in  a  very  extensive
     signification.  By  Descartes,  Malebranche,  Locke,  Leibnitz, and
     others,  it  is  employed  in  a  sense  almost  as  unexclusive as
     consciousness,  in  its widest signification. By Reid this word was
     limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch
     of  this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge
     of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the
     act  of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which
     he  gave the names of perception and sensation. He ought perhaps to
     have  called  these  perception  proper  and sensation proper, when
     employed in his special meaning."

   Sir W. Hamilton.

                                  Perceptive

   Per*cep"tive  (?),  a. [Cf. F. perceptif.] Of or pertaining to the act
   or  power  of  perceiving;  having the faculty or power of perceiving;
   used in perception. "His perceptive and reflective faculties." Motley.

                                 Perceptivity

   Per`cep*tiv"i*ty  (?),  n.  The  quality or state of being perceptive;
   power of perception. Locke.

                                  Percesoces

   Per*ces"o*ces  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox, -ocis, a
   pike.]  (Zo\'94l.)  An  order  of  fishes  including  the gray mullets
   (Mugil), the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So
   called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.

                                     Perch

   Perch (?), n. [Written also pearch.] [OE. perche, F. perche, L. perca,
   fr. Gr. p spotted, speckled, and E. freckle.] (Zo\'94l.)

   1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other allied
   genera  of  the  family  Percid\'91,  as the common American or yellow
   perch  (Perca  flavescens,  OR  Americana), and the European perch (P.
   fluviatilis).

   2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the
   Percid\'91,  Serranid\'91,  and related families, and resembling, more
   or less, the true perches.
   Black perch. (a) The black bass. (b) The flasher. (c) The sea bass. --
   Blue  perch,  the  cunner. -- Gray perch, the fresh-water drum. -- Red
   perch, the rosefish. -- Red-bellied perch, the long-eared pondfish. --
   Perch  pest,  a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch.
   --  Silver  perch,  the  yellowtail.  -- Stone, OR Striped, perch, the
   pope.  --  White  perch,  the  Roccus,  OR Morone, Americanus, a small
   silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.

                                     Perch

   Perch (?), n. [F. perche, L. pertica.]

   1.  A  pole;  a  long  staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for
   fowls  to  roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated
   resting place or seat.

     As  chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche, that was in
     his hall. Chaucer.

     Not  making  his  high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions.
     Tennyson.

   2. (a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or
   pole.  (b)  In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of
   an  acre. (c) In solid measure: A mass 16 feet long, 1 foot in height,
   and  1  feet in breadth, or 24 cubic feet (in local use, from 22 to 25
   cubic feet); -- used in measuring stonework.

   3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage;
   a reach.

                                     Perch

   Perch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perching.] [F.
   percher.  See Perch a pole.] To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or
   roost.

     Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch. Shak.

                                     Perch

   Perch, v. t.

   1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.

   2. To occupy as a perch. Milton.

                                   Perchance

   Per*chance"  (?),  adv.  [F.  par  by  (L. per) + chance. See Par, and
   Chance.] By chance; perhaps; peradventure.

                                   Perchant

   Perch"ant  (?),  n. [F.] A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to
   other birds by its fluttering.

                                    Percher

   Perch"er (?), n. [From Perch, v. i.]

   1. One who, or that which, perches. J. Burroughs.

   2. One of the Insessores.

   3.  [From  Perch  a  pole.]  A Paris candle anciently used in England;
   also, a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.] Bailey.

                                   Percheron

   Per"che*ron  (?), n. [F.] One of a breed of draught horses originating
   in Perche, an old district of France; -- called also Percheron-Norman.

                                  Perchlorate

   Per*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of perchloric acid.

                                  Perchloric

   Per*chlo"ric (?), a. [Pref. per- + chloric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating,  the  highest oxygen acid (HClO4), of chlorine; -- called
   also hyperchloric.

                                  Perchloride

   Per*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A chloride having a higher proportion of
   chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series.

                                  Perchromic

   Per*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + chromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating,  a  certain  one  of  the  highly  oxidized  compounds of
   chromium,  which  has a deep blue color, and is produced by the action
   of hydrogen peroxide.

                                   Perciform

   Per"ci*form  (?),  a.  [NL.,  &  L. perca a perch + -form.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Pertaining to the Perciformes.

                                  Perciformes

   Per`ci*for"mes  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.]  (Zo\'94l.) An extensive tribe or
   suborder  of  fishes,  including  the  true  perches (Percid\'91); the
   pondfishes  (Centrarchid\'91);  the sci\'91noids (Sci\'91nid\'91); the
   sparoids  (Sparid\'91);  the serranoids (Serranid\'91), and some other
   related families.

                           Percipience, Percipiency

   Per*cip"i*ence  (?), Per*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. The faculty, act or power
   of perceiving; perception. Mrs. Browning.

                                  Percipient

   Per*cip"i*ent  (?), a. [L. percipiens, -entis, p.pr. of percipere. See
   Perceive.]  Having  the  faculty  of  perception;  perceiving;  as,  a
   percipient   being.  Bentley.  --  n.  One  who,  or  that  which,  is
   percipient. Glanvill.

                                   Perclose

   Per*close"  (?),  n. [OF. parclose an inclosed place; L. per through +
   claudere, clausum, to shut.]

   1. (Eccl. Arch.) Same as Parclose.

   2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

                                    Percoid

   Per"coid  (?),  a.  [L.  perca  a  perch  + -oid: cf. F. perco\'8bde.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  Belonging  to,  or  resembling,  the  perches,  or  family
   Percid\'91. -- n. Any fish of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the
   family Percid\'91.

                                   Percoidea

   Per*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Perciformes.

                                   Percolate

   Per"co*late  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Percolating.]  [L.  percolatus,  p.p.  of  percolare to percolate; per
   through   +   colare  to  strain.]  To  cause  to  pass  through  fine
   interstices, as a liquor; to filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale.

                                   Percolate

   Per"co*late,  v.  i.  To pass through fine interstices; to filter; as,
   water percolates through porous stone.

                                  Percolation

   Per`co*la"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  percolatio.]  The  act  or  process  of
   percolating,   or   filtering;   filtration;  straining.  Specifically
   (Pharm.),  the process of exhausting the virtues of a powdered drug by
   letting a liquid filter slowly through it.

                                  Percolator

   Per"co*la`tor  (?), n. One who, or that which, filters. "[Tissues] act
   as   percolators."  Henfrey.  <--  a  device  for  brewing  coffee  by
   percoation -->

                                  Percomorphi

   Per`co*mor"phi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
   division of fishes including the perches and related kinds.

                                  Perculaced

   Per"cu*laced   (?),  a.  [Prob.  corrupt.  fr.  portcullised.]  (Her.)
   Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2.

                                  Percurrent

   Per*cur"rent  (?),  a.  [L.  percurrens,  p.pr.  of  percurrere to run
   through;  per  through  +  currere to run.] Running through the entire
   length.

                                  Percursory

   Per*cur"so*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  percursor  one  who  runs  through,  fr.
   percurrere.  See  Percurrent.]  Running  over  slightly  or  in haste;
   cursory. [R.]

                                    Percuss

   Per*cuss"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Percussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Percussing.] [L. percussus, p.p. of percutere; per + quatere to shake,
   strike.  See Quash.] To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; as,
   to percuss the chest in medical examination.

     Flame percussed by air giveth a noise. Bacon.

                                    Percuss

   Per*cuss",  v.  i.  (Med.)  To  strike  or  tap  in  an examination by
   percussion. See Percussion, 3. Quain.

                                  Percussion

   Per*cus"sion (?), n. [L. percussio: cf. F. percussion. See Percuss.]

   1.  The  act  of  percussing,  or  striking  one body against another;
   forcible  collision,  esp.  such  as  gives  a sound or report. Sir I.
   Newton.

   2. Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock; impression
   of sound on the ear.

     The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds. Shak.

   3.  (Med.)  The  act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in
   order to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted
   or  the  sensation  imparted  to the fingers. Percussion is said to be
   immediate  if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing
   substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate.
   Center of percussion. See under Center. -- Percussion bullet, a bullet
   containing  a  substance which is exploded by percussion; an explosive
   bullet.  --  Percussion  cap,  a  small  copper cap or cup, containing
   fulminating  powder,  and  used  with  a  percussion  lock  to explode
   gunpowder. -- Percussion fuze. See under Fuze. -- Percussion lock, the
   lock  of a gun that is fired by percussion upon fulminating powder. --
   Percussion  match,  a match which ignites by percussion. -- Percussion
   powder,  powder  so  composed  as  to  ignite  by  slight  percussion;
   fulminating  powder.  -- Percussion sieve, Percussion table, a machine
   for sorting ores by agitation in running water.

                                  Percussive

   Per*cuss"ive  (?),  a.  Striking  against;  percutient; as, percussive
   force.

                                  Percutient

   Per*cu"tient (?), a. [L. percutiens, p.pr. of percutere. See Percuss.]
   Striking;  having  the power of striking. -- n. That which strikes, or
   has power to strike. Bacon.

                                   Perdicine

   Per"di*cine  (?),  a. [See Perdix.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
   family Perdicid\'91, or partridges.

                                    Perdie

   Per*die" (?), adv. See Parde. Spenser.

                                   Perdifoil

   Per"di*foil  (?),  n.  [L.  perdere  to  lose + folium leaf.] (Bot.) A
   deciduous plant; -- opposed to evergreen. J. Barton.

                                   Perdition

   Per*di"tion  (?),  n.  [F., fr. L. perditio, fr. perdere, perditum, to
   ruin,  to lose; per (cf. Skr. par\'be away) + -dere (only in comp.) to
   put; akin to Gr. do. See Do.]

   1.  Entire  loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the
   soul,  or  of  final  happiness  in  a  future state; future misery or
   eternal death.

     The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet. Shak.

     If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition. J. M. Mason.

   2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.] Shak.

                                 Perditionable

   Per*di"tion*a*ble   (?),   a.  Capable  of  being  ruined;  worthy  of
   perdition. [R.] Pollok.

                                    Perdix

   Per"dix  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  partridge, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds
   including the common European partridge. Formerly the word was used in
   a much wider sense to include many allied genera.

                                     Perdu

   Per*du" (?), n. [See Perdu, a.]

   1. One placed on watch, or in ambush.

   2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope. Shak.

                                 Perdu, Perdue

   Per*du",  Per*due"  (?), a. [F. perdu, f. perdue, lost, p.p. of perdre
   to lose, L. perdere. See Perdition.]

   1. Lost to view; in concealment or ambush; close.

     He should lie perdue who is to walk the round. Fuller.

   2.  Accustomed  to,  or  employed  in,  desperate  enterprises; hence,
   reckless; hopeless. "A perdue captain." Beau. & Fl.

                                  Perduellion

   Per`du*el"lion  (?),  n.  [L. perduellio; per + duellum, bellum, war.]
   (Civil Law) Treason.

                                   Perdulous

   Per"du*lous  (?),  a.  [See  Perdu, a.] Lost; thrown away. [Obs.] Abp.
   Bramhall.

                                 Perdurability

   Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Durability; lastingness. [Archaic] Chaucer.

                                  Perdurable

   Per*dur"a*ble   (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  perdurable,  OE.  pardurable.  See
   Perdure.]  Very  durable; lasting; continuing long. [Archaic] Chaucer.
   Shak. -- Per*dur"a*bly, adv. [Archaic]

                            Perdurance, Perduration

   Per*dur"ance (?), Per`du*ra"tion (?), n. Long continuance. [Archaic]

                                    Perdure

   Per*dure"  (?),  v. i. [L. perdurare; per trough + durare to last.] To
   last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting. [Archaic]

     The  mind  perdures  while  its energizing may construct a thousand
     lines. Hickok.

                                     Perdy

   Per*dy" (?), adv. Truly. See Parde. [Obs.]

     Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right. Spenser.

                                     Pere

   Pere (?), n. A peer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Peregal

   Per*e"gal  (?),  a. [OF. par very (L. per) + egal equal, L. aequalis.]
   Fully equal. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Peregal to the best." Spenser.

                                  Peregrinate

   Per"e*gri*nate  (?),  v.  i.  [L. peregrinatus, p.p. of peregrinari to
   travel.  See  Pilgrim.]  To  travel  from  place to place, or from one
   country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.

                                  Peregrinate

   Per"e*gri*nate  (?),  a.  [L.  peregrinatus,  p.p.]  Having  traveled;
   foreign. [Obs.] Shak.

                                 Peregrination

   Per`e*gri*na"tion     (?),     n.    [L.    peregrinatio:    cf.    F.
   p\'82r\'82grination.]  A  traveling  from  one  country  to another; a
   wandering;  sojourn  in foreign countries. "His peregrination abroad."
   Bacon.

                                 Peregrinator

   Per"e*gri*na`tor  (?),  n.  [L.] One who peregrinates; one who travels
   about.

                                   Peregrine

   Per"e*grine (?), a. [L. peregrinus. See Pilgrim.] Foreign; not native;
   extrinsic  or from without; exotic. [Spelt also pelegrine.] "Peregrine
   and   preternatural  heat."  Bacon.  Peregrine  falcon  (Zo\'94l.),  a
   courageous  and  swift  falcon  (Falco peregrinus), remarkable for its
   wide  distribution  over all the continents. The adult plumage is dark
   bluish  ash  on  the  back, nearly black on the head and cheeks, white
   beneath,  barred  with  black  below the throat. Called also peregrine
   hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and great-footed hawk.

                                   Peregrine

   Per"e*grine (?), n. The peregrine falcon.

                                  Peregrinity

   Per`e*grin"i*ty     (?),     n.     [L.     peregrinitas:    cf.    F.
   p\'82r\'82grinit\'82.]

   1.  Foreignness;  strangeness.  [Obs.]  "Somewhat  of a peregrinity in
   their dialect." Johnson.

   2. Travel; wandering. [R.] Carlyle.
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   Page 1065

                                     Perel

   Per"el (?), n. Apparel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Perempt

   Per*empt"  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  peremptus, p.p. of perimere to take away
   entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL. emere to take. See Redeem.]
   (Law) To destroy; to defeat. [R.] Ayliffe.

                                  Peremption

   Per*emp"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  peremptio: cf. F. p\'82remption.] (Law) A
   quashing; a defeating. [Obs.]

                                 Peremptorily

   Per"emp*to*ri*ly   (?),  adv.  In  a  peremptory  manner;  absolutely;
   positively. Bacon.

                                Peremptoriness

   Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of being peremptory; positiveness.

                                  Peremptory

   Per"emp*to*ry  (?), a. [L. peremptorius destructive, deadly, decisive,
   final: cf. F. p\'82remptorie. See Perempt.]

   1.  Precluding  debate  or expostulation; not admitting of question or
   appeal; positive; absolute; decisive; conclusive; final.

     Think  of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory designs to get
     thither. Jer. Taylor.

   2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical.

     Be not too positive and peremptory. Bacon.

     Briefly, then, for we are peremptory. Shak.

   3. Firmly determined; unawed. [Poetic] Shak.
   Peremptory   challenge   (Law)  See  under  Challenge.  --  Peremptory
   mandamus, a final and absolute mandamus. -- Peremptory plea, a plea by
   a defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea
   in  bar. Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express;
   arbitrary; dogmatical.

                                   Perennial

   Per*en"ni*al  (?),  a. [L. perennis that lasts the whole year through;
   per through + annus year. See Per-, and Annual.]

   1. ing or continuing through the year; as, perennial fountains.

   2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing;
   never failing.

     The perennial existence of bodies corporate. Burke.

   3.  (Bot.)  Continuing  more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or
   root, or plant. Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring;
   continual; permanent; uninterrupted.

                                   Perennial

   Per*en"ni*al,  n.  (Bot.)  A  perennial  plant; a plant which lives or
   continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter
   or not.

                                  Perennially

   Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv. In a perennial manner.

                               Perennibranchiata

   Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Perennial, and Branchia.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  Those  Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as
   the menobranchus.

                               Perennibranchiate

   Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Perennial, and Branchiate.]

   1.  (Anat.)  Having  branch\'91,  or  gills,  through  life;  --  said
   especially  of  certain  Amphibia,  like  the menobranchus. Opposed to
   caducibranchiate.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Perennibranchiata.

                                   Perennity

   Per*en"ni*ty  (?), n. [L. perennitas.] The quality of being perennial.
   [R.] Derham.

                                  Pererration

   Per`er*ra"tion  (?), n. [L. pererrare, pererratum, to wander through.]
   A wandering, or rambling, through various places. [R.] Howell.

                                    Perfect

   Per"fect (?), a. [OE. parfit, OF. parfit, parfet, parfait, F. parfait,
   L.  perfectus,  p.p.  of  perficere  to  carry to the end, to perform,
   finish, perfect; per (see Per-) + facere to make, do. See Fact.]

   1.  Brought  to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective
   nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its
   nature  and  kind;  without  flaw,  fault,  or blemish; without error;
   mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct.

     My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Cor. xii. 9.

     Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun. Shak.

     I fear I am not in my perfect mind. Shak.

     O most entire perfect sacrifice! Keble.

     God made thee perfect, not immutable. Milton.

   2. Well informed; certain; sure.

     I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in arms. Shak.

   3.  (Bot.)  Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of
   flower.
   Perfect  cadence (Mus.), a complete and satisfactory close in harmony,
   as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant. -- Perfect chord (Mus.), a
   concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable
   to  the  ear,  as  the  unison,  octave,  fifth, and fourth; a perfect
   consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third,
   fifth,  and  octave. -- Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal to the
   sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are
   14,  7,  4,  2, 1. See Abundant number, under Abundant. Brande & C. --
   Perfect  tense  (Gram.),  a  tense  which  expresses  an  act or state
   completed.<-- = perfective --> Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete;
   entire; faultless; blameless; unblemished.

                                    Perfect

   Per"fect (?), n. The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.

                                    Perfect

   Per"fect  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Perfected;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Perfecting.]  [L.  perfectus,  p.p.  of perficere. See Perfect, a.] To
   make  perfect;  to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting;
   to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.

     God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in us. 1 John iv. 12.

     Inquire  into  the  nature  and properties of the things, . . . and
     thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct species. Locke.

   Perfecting press (Print.), a press in which the printing on both sides
   of  the paper is completed in one passage through the machine. Syn. --
   To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.

                                   Perfecter

   Per"fect*er  (?), n. One who, or that which, makes perfect. "The . . .
   perfecter of our faith." Barrow.

                                Perfectibilian

   Per*fect`i*bil"i*an (?), n. A perfectionist. [R.] Ed. Rev.

                                Perfectibilist

   Per`fec*tib"i*list  (?),  n.  A perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2.
   [R.]

                                Perfectibility

   Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectibilit\'82.] The quality or
   state of being perfectible.

                                  Perfectible

   Per*fect"i*ble  (?),  a. [Cf. F. perfectible.] Capable of becoming, or
   being made, perfect.

                                  Perfection

   Per*fec"tion (?), n. [F. perfection, L. perfectio.]

   1.  The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing
   requisite  is  wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill,
   or  moral  excellence;  the  highest  attainable  state  or  degree of
   excellence;  maturity; as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a
   system; perfection in form or degree; fruits in perfection.

   2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal
   faultlessness;   especially,   the   divine   attribute   of  complete
   excellence. Shak.

     What tongue can her perfections tell? Sir P. Sidney.

   To  perfection, in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to
   imitate a model to perfection.
   
                                  Perfection
                                       
   Per*fec"tion, v. t. To perfect. [Obs.] Foote. 

                                 Perfectional

   Per*fec"tion*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized
   by perfection. [R.] Bp. Pearson.

                                 Perfectionate

   Per*fec"tion*ate (?), v. t. To perfect. Dryden.

                                 Perfectionism

   Per*fec"tion*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Perfectionists.

                                 Perfectionist

   Per*fec"tion*ist,   n.   One   pretending  to  perfection;  esp.,  one
   pretending  to moral perfection; one who believes that persons may and
   do attain to moral perfection and sinlessness in this life. South.

                                Perfectionment

   Per*fec"tion*ment  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  perfectionnement.]  The  act of
   bringing to perfection, or the state of having attained to perfection.
   [R.] I. Taylor.

                                  Perfective

   Per*fect"ive (?), a. Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring
   to  perfection;  -- usually followed by of. "A perfective alteration."
   Fuller.

     Actions perfective of their natures. Ray.

                                 Perfectively

   Per*fec"tive*ly, adv. In a perfective manner.

                                   Perfectly

   Per"fect*ly  (?),  adv.  In  a  perfect  manner  or  degree;  in or to
   perfection;  completely;  wholly;  throughly;  faultlessly. "Perfectly
   divine." Milton.

     As many as touched were made perfectly whole. Matt. xiv. 36.

                                  Perfectness

   Per"fect*ness,  n.  The quality or state of being perfect; perfection.
   "Charity, which is the bond of perfectness." Col. iii. 14.

                                   Perfervid

   Per*fer"vid  (?),  a.  [Pref. per- + fervid.] Very fervid; too fervid;
   glowing; ardent.

                                  Perficient

   Per*fi"cient  (?),  a.  [L. perficiens, p.pr. of perficere to perform.
   See  Perfect.]  Making  or doing throughly; efficient; effectual. [R.]
   Blackstone.

                                  Perficient

   Per*fi"cient,  n. One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one
   who endows a charity. [R.]

                                  Perfidious

   Per*fid"i*ous (?), a. [L. perfidious.]

   1.  Guilty of perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or
   confidence  reposed;  teacherous;  faithless; as, a perfidious friend.
   Shak.

   2.   Involving,  or  characterized  by,  perfidy.  "Involved  in  this
   perfidious fraud." Milton.

                                 Perfidiously

   Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv. In a perfidious manner.

                                Perfidiousness

   Per*fid"i*ous*ness,  n.  The  quality  of  being  perfidious; perfidy.
   Clarendon.

                                    Perfidy

   Per"fi*dy  (?),  n.;  pl. Perfidies (#). [L. perfidia, fr. L. perfidus
   faithless; per (cf. Skr. par\'be away) + fides faith: cf. F. perfidie.
   See  Faith.]  The act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a
   promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness; teachery.

     The ambition and perfidy of tyrants. Macaulay.

     His perfidy to this sacred engagement. DeQuincey.

                                    Perfit

   Per"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Perfix

   Per*fix"  (?),  v.  t.  [Pref. per- + fix.] To fix surely; to appoint.
   [Obs.]

                                   Perflable

   Per"fla*ble  (?),  a. [L. perflabilis. See Perflate.] Capable of being
   blown through. [Obs.]

                                   Perflate

   Per*flate"  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  perflatus,  p.p.  of  perflare  to blow
   through.] To blow through. [Obs.] Harvey.

                                  Perflation

   Per*fla"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  perflatio.] The act of perflating. [Obs.]
   Woodward.

                                  Perfoliate

   Per*fo"li*ate (?), a. [Pref. per- + L. folium leaf.]

   1.  (Bot.)  Having the basal part produced around the stem; -- said of
   leaves which the stem apparently passes directory through.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any
   kind.

                                   Perforata

   Per`fo*ra"ta  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Perforate.]  (Zo\'94l.)  (a) A
   division  of  corals  including  those  that have a porous texture, as
   Porites  and  Madrepora;  --  opposed  to  Aporosa.  (b) A division of
   Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.

                                   Perforate

   Per"fo*rate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perforated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perforating.]  [L.  perforatus,  p.p.  of  perforare to perforate; per
   through  +  forare  to  bore. See Bore, v.] To bore through; to pierce
   through  with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through by
   boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface of. Bacon.

                             Perforate, Perforated

   Per"fo*rate  (?),  Per"fo*ra`ted (?), a. Pierced with a hole or holes,
   or with pores; having transparent dots resembling holes.

                                  Perforation

   Per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perforation.]

   1. The act of perforating, or of boring or piercing through. Bacon.

   2.   A  hole  made  by  boring  or  piercing;  an  aperture.  "Slender
   perforations." Sir T. Browne.

                                  Perforative

   Per"fo*ra*tive  (?), a. [Cf. F. perforatif.] Having power to perforate
   or pierce.

                                  Perforator

   Per"fo*ra`tor  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. perforateur.] One who, or that which,
   perforates; esp., a cephalotome.

                                   Perforce

   Per*force"  (?),  adv.  [F.  par  (L.  per)  +  force.]  By  force; of
   necessary; at any rate. Shak.

                                   Perforce

   Per*force", v. t. To force; to compel. [Obs.]

                                    Perform

   Per*form"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Performed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Performing.]  [OE.  performen,  parfourmen, parfournen, OF. parfornir,
   parfournir,  to  finish, complete; OF. & F. par (see Par) + fournir to
   finish,  complete.  The  word  has  been  influenced  by  form; cf. L.
   performare to form thoroughly. See Furnish.]

   1.   To  carry  through;  to  bring  to  completion;  to  achieve;  to
   accomplish; to execute; to do.

     I  will cry unto God most high, unto God that performeth all things
     for me. Ps. lvii. 2.

     Great force to perform what they did attempt. Sir P. Sidney.

   2.  To  discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as, to perform a duty; to
   perform a promise or a vow.

     To perform your father's will. Shak.

   3. To represent; to act; to play; as in drama.

     Perform a part thou hast not done before. Shak.

   Syn. -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge;
   fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See Accomplish.

                                    Perform

   Per*form",  v.  i.  To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit
   one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to
   act  a  part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players perform
   poorly; the musician performs on the organ.

                                  Performable

   Per*form"a*ble   (?),  a.  Admitting  of  being  performed,  done,  or
   executed; practicable.

                                  Performance

   Per*form"ance  (?),  n.  The  act  of  performing;  the  carrying into
   execution   or   action;   execution;   achievement;   accomplishment;
   representation  by  action; as, the performance of an undertaking of a
   duty.

     Promises  are  not  binding  where  the  performance is impossible.
     Paley.

   2.  That  which  is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried
   through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an
   elaborate   or   public  character.  "Her  walking  and  other  actual
   performances."  Shak.  "His  musical  performances." Macaulay. Syn. --
   Completion;   consummation;  execution;  accomplishment;  achievement;
   production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.

                                   Performer

   Per*form"er (?), n. One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a
   good  promiser,  but  a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill
   and  training in any art; as, a performer of the drama; a performer on
   the harp.

                                  Perfricate

   Per"fri*cate  (?),  v. t. [L. perfricatus, p.p. of perfricare.] To rub
   over. Bailey.

                                  Perfumatory

   Per*fu"ma*to*ry  (?),  a.  Emitting  perfume;  perfuming.  [R.] Sir E.
   Leigh.

                                    Perfume

   Per*fume"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Perfumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perfuming.]  [F. parfumer (cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par) + fumer to
   smoke,  L.  fumare,  fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] To fill or impregnate
   with a perfume; to scent.

     And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies. Pope.

                                    Perfume

   Per"fume (?), n. [F. parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See Perfume, v.]

   1.   The   scent,  odor,  or  odoriferous  particles  emitted  from  a
   sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma.

     No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field. Pope.

   2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor.

     And thou shalt make it a perfume. Ex. xxx. 35.

                                   Perfumer

   Per*fum"er (?), n.

   1. One who, oe that which, perfumes.

   2. One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.

                                   Perfumery

   Per*fum"er*y (?), n.

   1. Perfumes, in general.

   2. [Cf. F. parfumerie.] The art of preparing perfumes.

                                 Perfunctorily

   Per*func"to*ri*ly   (?),  adv.  In  a  perfunctory  manner;  formally;
   carelessly. Boyle.

                                Perfunctoriness

   Per*func"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfunctory.

                                  Perfunctory

   Per*func"to*ry  (?),  a. [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched,
   p.p.  of  perfungi  to  discharge,  dispatch; per (see Per) + fungi to
   perform. See Function.]

   1.  Done  merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a
   thing   of   rote;   done   in  a  careless  and  superficial  manner;
   characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions. Macaulay.

   2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory in
   his devotions." Sharp.

                                 Perfuncturate

   Per*func"tu*rate  (?), v. t. To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do
   negligently. [R.]

                                    Perfuse

   Per*fuse"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Perfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perfusing.]  [L.  perfusus,  p.p.  of  perfundere  to pour over; per +
   fundere to pour.] To suffuse; to fill full or to excess. Harvey.

                                   Perfusion

   Per*fu"sion (?), n. [L. perfusio.] The act of perfusing.

                                   Perfusive

   Per*fu"sive (?), a. Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.

                         Pergamenous, Pergamentaceous

   Per`ga*me"no*us   (?),   Per`ga*men*ta"ceous  (?),  a.  [L.  pergamena
   parchment. See Parchment.] Like parchment.

                                    Perhaps

   Per*haps"  (?),  adv.  [Per  +  hap  chance.] By chance; peradventure;
   perchance; it may be.

     And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven
     thee. Acts viii. 22.

                                     Peri-

   Per"i-  (?).  [Gr.  A  prefix  used to signify around, by, near, over,
   beyond,  or  to  give  an  intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure
   around;  perigee,  point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is
   needed; perispherical, quite spherical.

                                     Peri

   Pe"ri  (?), n.; pl. Peris (#). [Per. per\'c6 a female genus, a fairy.]
   (Persian  Myth.)  An  imaginary  being, male or female, like an elf or
   fairy,  represented  as  a  descendant of fallen angels, excluded from
   paradise till penance is accomplished. Moore.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1066

                                   Periagua

   Per`i*a"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.

                                   Perianth

   Per"i*anth  (?),  n.  [Pref. peri- + Gr. p\'82rianthe.] (Bot.) (a) The
   leaves  of  a  flower generally, especially when the calyx and corolla
   are  not readily distinguished. (b) A saclike involucre which incloses
   the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See Illust. of Hepatica.

                                  Perianthium

   Per`i*an"thi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The perianth.

                                    Periapt

   Per"i*apt  (?),  n.  [Gr.  p\'82riapte.]  A charm worn as a protection
   against disease or mischief; an amulet. Coleridge.

     Now help, ye charming spells and periapts. Shak.

                                  Periastral

   Per`i*as"tral (?), a. Among or around the stars. "Comets in periastral
   passage." R. A. Proctor.

                                  Periastron

   Per`i*as"tron  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.) That point, in the real
   or  apparent  orbit of one star revolving around another, at which the
   former is nearest to the latter.

                                   Periauger

   Per"i*au"ger (?), n. See Pirogue. W. Irving.

                                   Periblast

   Per"i*blast  (?), a. [Gr. Peri-, and -blast.] (Biol.) The protoplasmic
   matter  which  surrounds the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes
   segmentation. -- Per`i*blas"tic, a.

                                   Periblem

   Per"i*blem  (?),  n. [Pref. peri- + root of Gr. (Bot.) Nascent cortex,
   or immature cellular bark.

                                   Peribolos

   Pe*rib"o*los   (?),   n.   [Nl.,   fr.   Gr.  peribolus.]  In  ancient
   architecture, an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.

                                 Peribranchial

   Per`i*bran"chi*al  (?),  a. (Anat.) Surrounding the branchi\'91; as, a
   peribranchial cavity.

                                 Peribranchial

   Per`i*bran"chi*al  (?),  a.  (Anat.)  Around  the bronchi or bronchial
   tubes; as, the peribronchial lymphatics.

                                  Pericambium

   Per`i*cam"bi*um  (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.] (Biol.) A layer
   of  thin-walled  young cells in a growing stem, in which layer certain
   new vessels originate.

                           Pericardiac, Pericardial

   Per`i*car"di*ac  (?), Per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining
   to   pericardium;   situated   around  the  heart.  Pericardial  fluid
   (Physiol.),  a  serous  fluid  of a pale yellow color contained in the
   pericardium.

                                  Pericardian

   Per`i*car"di*an (?), a. Pericardiac.

                                  Pericardic

   Per`i*car"dic (?), a. Pericardiac.

                                 Pericarditus

   Per`i*car*di"tus  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Pericardium, and -itis.] (Med.)
   Inflammation of the pericardium. Dunglison.

                                  Pericardium

   Per`i*car"di*um  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The double baglike fold
   of serous membrane which incloses the heart.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e in ner la yer is  cl osely ad herent to the outer
     surface  of  the  heart, and is called the cardiac pericardium. The
     outer  layer  loosely  incloses  the  heart  and the adherent inner
     layer,  and  is called the parietal pericardium. At the base of the
     heart  the  two  layers  are  continuous,  and form a narrow closed
     cavity  filled  with  fluid,  in  which the pulsations of the heart
     cause little friction.

                                   Pericarp

   Per"i*carp  (?),  n. [Gr. p\'82ricarpe.] (Bot.) The ripened ovary; the
   walls of the fruit. See Illusts. of Capsule, Drupe, and Legume.

                            Pericarpial, Pericarpic

   Per`i*car"pi*al  (?), Per`i*car"pic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
   a pericarp.

                                 Pericellular

   Per`i*cel"lu*lar   (?),   a.  (Anat.)  Surrounding  a  cell;  as,  the
   pericellular lymph spaces surrounding ganglion cells.

                                 Perich\'91th

   Per"i*ch\'91th   (?),   n.  [See  Perich\'91tium.]  (Bot.)  The  leafy
   involucre  surrounding  the  fruit  stalk  of  mosses; perich\'91tium;
   perichete.

                                Perich\'91tial

   Per`i*ch\'91"ti*al   (?),   a.   (Bot.)   Of   or  pertaining  to  the
   perich\'91th.

                                Perich\'91tium

   Per`i*ch\'91"ti*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Perich\'91tia  (#).  [NL., fr. Gr.
   (Bot.) Same as Perich\'91th.

                                Perich\'91tous

   Per`i*ch\'91"tous  (?), a. [See Perich\'91tium.] (Zo\'94l.) Surrounded
   by set\'91; -- said of certain earthworms (genus Perich\'91tus).

                                   Perichete

   Per"i*chete (?), n. Same as Perich\'91th.

                                 Perichondrial

   Per`i*chon"dri*al   (?),   a.   (Anat.)   Of   or  pertaining  to  the
   perichondrium; situated around cartilage.

                                Perichondritis

   Per`i*chon*dri"tis  (?), n. [NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.] (Med.)
   Inflammation of the perichondrium.

                                 Perichondrium

   Per`i*chon"dri*um  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Anat.)  The membrane of
   fibrous  connective  tissue  which  closely  invests cartilage, except
   where covering articular surfaces.

                                  Perichordal

   Per`i*chor"dal (?), a. Around the notochord; as, a perichordal column.
   See Epichordal.

                            Periclase, Periclasite

   Per"i*clase  (?),  Per`i*cla"site  (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.) A
   grayish  or  dark  green  mineral,  consisting essentially of magnesia
   (magnesium  oxide),  occurring  in  granular  forms  or  in  isometric
   crystals.

                                  Periclinium

   Per`i*clin"i*um  (?), n.; pl. Periclinia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
   involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in composite flowers.

                                  Periclitate

   Pe*ric"li*tate  (?),  v. t. [L. periclitatus, p.p. of periclitari, fr.
   periculum.] To endanger. [Obs.]

     Periclitating, pardi! the whole family. Sterne.

                                 Periclitation

   Pe*ric`li*ta"tion (?), n. [L. periclitatio: cf. F. p\'82riclitation.]

   1. Trial; experiment. [Obs.]

   2. The state of being in peril. [Obs.]

                                   Pericope

   Pe*ric"o*pe (?), n. [L., section of a book, Gr. A selection or extract
   from  a  book;  especially  (Theol.),  a  selection  from  the  Bible,
   appointed to be read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon.

                                  Pericranial

   Per`i*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pericranium.

                                  Pericranium

   Per`i*cra"ni*um  (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The periosteum which covers the
   cranium externally; the region around the cranium.

                                  Periculous

   Pe*ric"u*lous  (?), a. [L. periculosus. See Perilous.] Dangerous; full
   of peril. [Obs.]

                                   Periculum

   Pe*ric"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Pericula (#). [L.] (Rom. & O.Eng. Law)

   1. Danger; risk.

   2.  In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or casus, as distinguished
   from  dolus  and  culpa,  and  hence  relieving  one  from the duty of
   performing an obligation.

                                   Periderm

   Per"i*derm (?), n.

   1. (Bot.) The outer layer of bark.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  hard  outer covering of hydroids and other marine
   animals; the perisarc.

                                 Peridiastole

   Per`i*di*as"to*le  (?),  n.  (Physiol.)  The almost inappreciable time
   which elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.

                                   Peridium

   Pe*rid"i*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Peridia  (#).  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Bot.) The
   envelope  or  coat  of  certain  fungi,  such  as  the  puffballs  and
   earthstars.

                                    Peridot

   Per"i*dot (?), n. [F. p\'82ridot.] (Min.) Chrysolite.

                                  Peridotite

   Per"i*do*tite  (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82ridotite.] (Min.) An eruptive rock
   characterized by the presence of chrysolite (peridot). It also usually
   contains  pyroxene,  enstatite,  chromite, etc. It is often altered to
   serpentine.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a
     more or less altered peridotite.

                                   Peridrome

   Per"i*drome  (?),  n.  [Gr.  p\'82ridrome.]  (Arch\'91ol.)  The  space
   between  the  columns and the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman
   temple.

                                  Periecians

   Per`i*e"cians (?), n. pl. See Peri\'d2cians.

                                  Perienteron

   Per`i*en"te*ron  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Peri-, and Enteron.] (Anat.) The
   primitive perivisceral cavity.

                                   Periergy

   Per"i*er`gy (?), n. [Gr.

   1. Excessive care or diligence. [Obs.]

   2. (Rhet.) A bombastic or labored style. [R.]

                                Periganglionic

   Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic  (?),  a.  (Anat.) Surrounding a ganglion; as, the
   periganglionic glands of the frog.

                                  Perigastric

   Per`i*gas"tric  (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the stomach; -- applied
   to the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.

                                   Perigean

   Per`i*ge"an  (?),  a. Pertaining to the perigee. Perigean tides, those
   spring tides which occur soon after the moon passes her perigee.

                               Perigee, Perigeum

   Per"i*gee   (?),   Per`i*ge"um   (?),   n.   [NL.  perigeum,  fr.  Gr.
   p\'82rig\'82e.] (Astron.) That point in the orbit of the moon which is
   nearest  to  the  earth;  --  opposed  to apogee. It is sometimes, but
   rarely,  used  of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a
   planet, etc. Called also epigee, epigeum.

                                  Perigenesis

   Per`i*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Biol.) A theory which explains inheritance by
   the  transmission  of  the  type  of  growth  force  possessed  by one
   generation to another.

                                  Perigenetic

   Per`i*gen"e*tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to perigenesis.

                                   Perigone

   Per"i*gone (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr.

   1.  (Bot.) (a) Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a
   perianth. (b) In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  sac  which  surrounds  the generative bodies in the
   gonophore of a hydroid.

                                  Perigonium

   Per`i*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Perigonia (#). [NL.] Same as Perigone.

                                 Perigord pie

   Per"i*gord  pie` (?). [From P\'82rigord, a former province of France.]
   A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.

                                   Perigraph

   Per"i*graph  (?),  n.  [Gr.  A  careless  or inaccurate delineation of
   anything. [R.]

                                  Perigynium

   Per`i*gyn"i*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Perigynia  (#).  [NL. See Perigynous.]
   (Bot.)  Some  unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped
   body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera of
   the Sedge family, or Cyperace\'91.

                                  Perigynous

   Pe*rig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Bot.) Having the ovary free,
   but  the petals and stamens borne on the calyx; -- said of flower such
   as that of the cherry or peach.

                            Perihelion, Perihelium

   Per`i*hel"ion  (?),  Per`i*he"li*um  (?), n.; pl. Perihelia (#). [NL.,
   fr.  Gr.  (Astron.) That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which
   is nearest to the sun; -- opposed to aphelion.

                                     Peril

   Per"il  (?),  n.  [F.  p\'82ril,  fr.  L. periculum, periclum, akin to
   peritus   experienced,  skilled,  and  E.  fare.  See  Fare,  and  cf.
   Experience.]  Danger;  risk;  hazard;  jeopardy; exposure of person or
   property to injury, loss, or destruction.

     In perils of waters, in perils of robbers. 2 Cor. xi. 26.

     Adventure hard With peril great achieved. Milton.

   At,  OR On, one's peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of.
   "On  thy  soul's  peril."  Shak.  Syn.  -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See
   Danger.
   
                                     Peril
                                       
   Per"il,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Periled (?) or Perilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Periling  or  Perilling.] To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; as,
   to peril one's life.
   
                                     Peril
                                       
   Per"il (?), v. i. To be in danger. [Obs.] Milton.
   
                                    Perilla
                                       
   Pe*ril"la  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  (Bot.)  A genus of labiate
   herbs,  of which one species (Perilla ocimoides, or P. Nankinensis) is
   often cultivated for its purple or variegated foliage. 

                                   Perilous

   Per"il*ous  (?),  a.  [OF.  perillous,  perilleus, F. p\'82rilleux, L.
   periculosus. See Peril.] [Written also perillous.]

   1.  Full of, attended with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous;
   as, a perilous undertaking.

     Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds. Milton.

   2. Daring; reckless; dangerous. [Obs.] Latimer.

     For I am perilous with knife in hand. Chaucer.

   -- Per"il*ous*ly, adv. -- Per"il*ous*ness, n.

                                   Perilymph

   Per"i*lymph  (?),  n. (Anat.) The fluid which surrounds the membranous
   labyrinth  of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the
   chambers in which the labyrinth lies.

                                Perilymphangial

   Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al  (?),  a.  (Anat.)  Around,  or at the side of, a
   lymphatic vessel.

                                 Perilymphatic

   Per`i*lym*phat"ic  (?),  a.  (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing,
   perilymph. (b) Perilymphangial.

                                   Perimeter

   Per*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. p\'82rim\'8atre.]

   1.  (Geom.)  The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all
   the sides.

   2.  An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of
   vision.

                           Perimetric, Perimetrical

   Per`i*met"ric  (?),  Per`i*met"ric*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to the
   perimeter, or to perimetry; as, a perimetric chart of the eye.

                                   Perimetry

   Per*im"e*try  (?),  n.  The art of using the perimeter; measurement of
   the field of vision.

                                   Perimorph

   Per"i*morph (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.) A crystal of one species
   inclosing one of another species. See Endomorph.

                                  Perimysial

   Per`i*my"sial (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Surrounding a muscle or muscles. (b)
   Of or pertaining to the perimysium.

                                  Perimysium

   Per`i*my"si*um  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. (Anat.) The connective tissue
   sheath  which surrounds a muscle, and sends partitions inwards between
   the bundles of muscular fibers.

                                  Perin\'91um

   Per`i*n\'91"um (?), n. See Perineum.

                                   Perineal

   Per`i*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perineum.

                                 Perineoplasty

   Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty  (?),  n.  [Perineum  + -plasty.] (Med.) The act or
   process of restoring an injured perineum.

                                Perineorrhaphy

   Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy  (?),  n.  [Perineum + Gr. (Med.) The operation of
   sewing up a ruptured perineum.

                                 Perinephritis

   Per`i*ne*phri"tis  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Peri-,  and Nephritis.] (Med.)
   Inflammation   of   the   cellular   tissue   around  the  kidney.  --
   Per`i*ne*phrit"ic, a.

                                   Perineum

   Per`i*ne"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The region which is included
   within  the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by the urinogenital
   canal and the rectum.

                                  Perineurial

   Per`i*neu"ri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of
   or pertaining to the perineurium.

                                  Perineurium

   Per`i*neu"ri*um  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The connective tissue
   sheath  which  surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. See Epineurium, and
   Neurilemma.

                                  Perinuclear

   Per`i*nu"cle*ar  (?),  a.  (Biol.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  a nucleus;
   situated around a nucleus; as, the perinuclear protoplasm.

                                    Period

   Pe"ri*od (?), n. [L. periodus, Gr. p\'82riode.]

   1.  A  portion  of  time  as  limited and determined by some recurring
   phenomenon,  as  by  the  completion  of  a  revolution  of one of the
   heavenly  bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or
   days,  in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go
   on  in  the  same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a
   comet.

   2.  Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an
   interval  of  time  specified  or left indefinite; a certain series of
   years,  months,  days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch;
   as, the period of the Roman republic.

     How  by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary period.
     Bacon.

   3.  (Geol.)  One  of  the  great divisions of geological time; as, the
   Tertiary period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology.

   4.  The  termination  or  completion of a revolution, cycle, series of
   events,  single  event,  or  act;  hence,  a limit; a bound; an end; a
   conclusion. Bacon.

     So  spake  the  archangel  Michael;  then paused, As at the world's
     great period. Milton.

     Evils  which  shall  never  end  till  eternity hath a period. Jer.
     Taylor.

     This is the period of my ambition. Shak.

   5. (Rhet.) A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a
   well-proportioned,   harmonious   sentence.   "Devolved   his  rounded
   periods." Tennyson.

     Periods are beautiful when they are not too long. B. Johnson.

     NOTE: &hand; The period, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence
     consisting  of  a protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is
     the  appropriate form for the co\'94rdinate propositions related by
     antithesis or causality.

   Gibbs.

   6. (Print.) The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete
   sentence, or of an abbreviated word.

   7.  (Math.)  One  of  several similar sets of figures or terms usually
   marked  by  points  or  commas  placed  at  regular  intervals,  as in
   numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1067

   8.  (Med.) The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or
   of the paroxysm and intermission.

   9. (Mus.) A complete musical sentence.
   The  period,  the  present  or current time, as distinguished from all
   other  times.  Syn.  --  Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit;
   bound; end; conclusion; determination.

                                    Period

   Pe"ri*od (?), v. t. To put an end to. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Period

   Pe"ri*od,  v.  i.  To  come  to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may
   period upon this, that," etc. Felthman.

                                   Periodate

   Per*i"o*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of periodic acid.

                                   Periodic

   Per`i*od"ic  (?),  a.  [Pref.  per-  +  iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
   derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO

                             Periodic, Periodical

   Pe`ri*od"ic   (?),   Pe`ri*od"ic*al   (?),   a.  [L.  periodicus,  Gr.
   p\'82riodique.]

   1. Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by periods.

     The periodicaltimes of all the satellites. Sir J. Herschel.

   2.  Performed  in  a  period,  or  regular revolution; proceeding in a
   series  of  successive  circuits;  as,  the  periodical  motion of the
   planets round the sun.

   3.  Happening,  by  revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly,
   after  a  certain  period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at
   fixed intervals; recurring; as, periodical epidemics.

     The periodic return of a plant's flowering. Henslow.

     To influence opinion through the periodical press. Courthope.

   4.  (Rhet.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  a period; constituting a complete
   sentence.
   Periodic  comet  (Astron.),  a  comet  that  moves about the sun in an
   elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to
   the  sun.  -- Periodic function (Math.), a function whose values recur
   at   fixed   intervals   as  the  variable  uniformly  increases.  The
   trigonomertic   functions,  as  sin  x,  tan  x,  etc.,  are  periodic
   functions.   Exponential   functions  are  also  periodic,  having  an
   imaginary  period, and the elliptic functions have not only a real but
   an imaginary period, and are hence called doubly periodic. -- Periodic
   law  (Chem.),  the  generalization that the properties of the chemical
   elements  are  periodic  functions  of their atomic wieghts. "In other
   words,  if  the  elements  are  grouped  in  the order of their atomic
   weights,  it  will  be  found  that  nearly  the same properties recur
   periodically  throughout  the  entire  series."  The following tabular
   arrangement  of  the  atomic  weights  shows the regular recurrence of
   groups (under I., II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of
   the  same  natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable
   existence  of unknown elements. <-- only the first column of the table
   is entered here, remainder needs to be entered -->

   TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (The vertical
   columns contain the periodic groups) Series1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{ 8{ 9{
   10{ 11{ 12{
   -------------------------------------------------------------- |I. II.
   III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. | RH4 RH3 RH3 RH |R2O RO R3O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3
   R2O7 RO4
   -------------------------------------------------------------- H 1 Li
   7 Na 23 K 39 (Cu) 63 Rb 85.2 (Ag) (108) Cs 133 (-) (-) (Au) (197) (-)
   -----------------------------------------------------------------

     NOTE: &hand; A  similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way
     by  Newlands;  but  the law in its effective form was developed and
     elaborated   by   Mendelejeff,   whence   it  is  sometimes  called
     Mendelejeff's  law. Important extensions of it were also made by L.
     Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with remarkable accuracy
     the  hypothetical  elements  ekaboron, ekaluminium, and ekasilicon,
     afterwards discovered and named respectively scandium, gallium, and
     germanium.

   --   Periodic  star  (Astron.),  a  variable  star  whose  changes  of
   brightness recur at fixed periods. -- Periodic time of a heavenly body
   (Astron.),  the  time  of  a complete revolution of the body about the
   sun, or of a satellite about its primary.

                                  Periodical

   Pe`ri*od"ic*al,  n.  A  magazine or other publication which appears at
   stated or regular intervals.

                                 Periodicalist

   Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n. One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.

                                 Periodically

   Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a periodical manner.

                                Periodicalness

   Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n. Periodicity.

                                  Periodicity

   Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty   (?),   n.;   pl.   Periodicities   (#).   [Cf.   F.
   p\'82riodicit\'82.]  The  quality  or  state  of  being periodical, or
   regularly  recurrent;  as,  the  periodicity in the vital phenomena of
   plants. Henfrey.

                                   Periodide

   Per*i"o*dide  (?),  n.  [Pref.  per- + iodide.] An iodide containing a
   higher  proportion  of  iodine  than  any  other  iodide  of  the same
   substance or series.

                                  Periodontal

   Per`i*o*don"tal  (?),  a.  [Pref.  peri- + Gr. (Anat.) Surrounding the
   teeth.

                                 Periodoscope

   Pe`ri*od"o*scope  (?),  n.  [Period + -scope.] (Med.) A table or other
   means for calculating the periodical functions of women. Dunglison.

                           Peri\'d2ci, Peri\'d2cians

   Per`i*\'d2"ci,  Per`i*\'d2"cians,  n. pl. [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr. Those
   who  live  on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians,
   so  that  it  is  noon  in one place when it is midnight in the other.
   Compare Ant\'d2ci.

                                   Periople

   Per"i*o*ple  (?),  n.  [F.  p\'82riople, from Gr. (Anat.) The external
   smooth horny layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.

                                   Perioplic

   Per`i*op"lic  (?),  a.  (Anat.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the periople;
   connected with the periople.

                                  Periosteal

   Per`i*os"te*al  (?), a. (Anat.) Situated around bone; of or pertaining
   to the periosteum.

                                  Periosteum

   Per`i*os"te*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. periosteon.] (Anat.) The membrane
   of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at
   the articular surfaces.

                                  Periostitis

   Per`i*os*ti"tis  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Periosteum,  and  -itis.] (Med.)
   Inflammation of the periosteum.

                                 Periostracum

   Per`i*os"tra*cum   (?),   n.;  pl.  Periostraca  (#).  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.
   (Zo\'94l.)  A chitinous membrane covering the exterior of many shells;
   -- called also epidermis.

                                   Periotic

   Per`i*o"tic  (?),  a.  [Pref.  peri-  +  Gr.  (Anat.)  Surrounding, or
   pertaining  to  the  region  surrounding,  the  internal  ear; as, the
   periotic capsule. -- n. A periotic bone.

                                 Peripatecian

   Per`i*pa*te"cian (?), n. A peripatetic. [Obs.]

                                  Peripatetic

   Per`i*pa*tet"ic (?), a. [L. peripateticus, Gr. p\'82ripat\'82tique.]

   1. Walking about; itinerant.

   2.  Of  or  pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave
   his  instructions  while  walking  in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his
   followers. "The true peripatetic school." Howell.

                                  Peripatetic

   Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n.

   1. One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant. Tatler.

   2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.

                                 Peripatetical

   Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al (?), a. Peripatetic. [R.] Hales.

                                Peripateticism

   Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism   (?),   n.   [Cf.  F.  p\'82ripat\'82tisme.]  The
   doctrines   or   philosophical   system   of   the  peripatetics.  See
   Peripatetic, n., 2. Lond. Sat. Rev.

                                   Peripatus

   Pe*rip"a*tus  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  genus of lowly
   organized  arthropods,  found in South Africa, Australia, and tropical
   America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.

                                 Peripetalous

   Per`i*pet"al*ous  (?),  a.  (Bot.) Surrounding, or situated about, the
   petals.

                                  Peripheral

   Pe*riph"er*al (?), a.

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  periphery;  constituting  a  periphery;
   peripheric.

   2.  (Anat.) External; away from the center; as, the peripheral portion
   of the nervous system.

                           Peripheric, Peripherical

   Per`i*pher"ic     (?),    Per`i*pher"ic*al    (?),    a.    [Cf.    F.
   p\'82riph\'82rique. See Periphery.] See Peripheral.

                                   Periphery

   Pe*riph"er*y  (?),  n.;  pl.  Peripheries  (#).  [L.  peripheria,  Gr.
   p\'82riph\'82rie.]

   1. The outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.

   2. (Geom.) The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.

                                  Periphrase

   Per"i*phrase  (?), n. [L. periphrasis, Gr. p\'82riphrase. See Phrase.]
   (Rhet.)  The use of more words than are necessary to express the idea;
   a  roundabout,  or  indirect,  way  of  speaking;  circumlocution. "To
   describe by enigmatic periphrases." De Quincey.

                                  Periphrase

   Per"i*phrase,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Periphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Periphrasing.]  [Cf.  F.  p\'82riphraser.] To express by periphrase or
   circumlocution.

                                  Periphrase

   Per"i*phrase, v. i. To use circumlocution.

                                  Periphrasis

   Pe*riph"ra*sis (?), n.; pl. Periphrases (#). [L.] See Periphrase.

                         Periphrastic, Periphrastical

   Per`i*phras"tic     (?),     Per`i*phras"tic*al     (?),    a.    [Gr.
   p\'82riphrastique.]  Expressing,  or expressed, in more words than are
   necessary;  characterized  by periphrase; circumlocutory. Periphrastic
   conjugation  (Gram.),  a  conjugation  formed by the use of the simple
   verb with one or more auxiliaries.

                               Periphrastically

   Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. With circumlocution.

                                   Periplast

   Per"i*plast  (?),  n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Biol.) Same as Periblast. --
   Per`i*plas"tic (#), a. Huxley.

                          Peripneumonia, Peripneumony

   Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a  (?),  Per`ip*neu"mo*ny  (?), n. [L. peripneumonia,
   Gr.   p\'82ripneumonie.   See  Peri-,  Pneumonia.]  (Med.)  Pneumonia.
   (Obsoles.)  <--  sic.  why  is  this  mark  in parentheses rather than
   brackets? -->

                                 Peripneumonic

   Per`ip*neu*mon"ic     (?),     a.     [L.     peripneumonicus,     Gr.
   p\'82ripneumonique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.

                                   Periproct

   Per"i*proct   (?),  n.  [Pref.  peri-  +  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  region
   surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.

                                 Periproctitis

   Per`i*proc*ti"tis  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Peri-,  and Proctitus.] (Med.)
   Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.

                                  Peripteral

   Pe*rip"ter*al  (?),  a. [Gr., fr. (Arch.) Having columns on all sides;
   -- said of an edifice. See Apteral.

                                  Peripterous

   Pe*rip"ter*ous (?), a.

   1. (Arch.) Peripteral.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Feathered all around.

                                   Perisarc

   Per"i*sarc  (?),  n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The outer, hardened
   integument which covers most hydroids.

                                   Periscian

   Pe*ris"cian  (?),  a. [Gr. p\'82riscien.] Having the shadow moving all
   around.

                             Periscians, Periscii

   Pe*ris"cians  (?),  Pe*ris"ci*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Periscian.] Those
   who  live  within  a  polar  circle, whose shadows, during some summer
   days,  will  move  entirely  round,  falling toward every point of the
   compass.

                                   Periscope

   Per"i*scope (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -scope.] A general or comprehensive
   view. [R.]

                                  Periscopic

   Per`i*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82riscopique.] Viewing all around, or
   on   all   sides.  Periscopic  spectacles  (Opt.),  spectacles  having
   concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature
   corresponding  to  that  of  the  eye, to increase the distinctness of
   objects viewed obliquely.

                                    Perish

   Per"ish  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Perished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perishing.] [OE. perissen, perisshen, F. p\'82rir, p.pr. p\'82rissant,
   L. perire to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; per through +
   ire to go. Cf. Issue, and see -ish.] To be destroyed; to pass away; to
   become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.

     I perish with hunger! Luke xv. 17.

     Grow up and perish, as the summer fly. Milton.

     The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking. Locke.

                                    Perish

   Per"ish, v. t. To cause perish. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                 Perishability

   Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Perishableness.

                                  Perishable

   Per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [F. p\'82rissable.] Liable to perish; subject to
   decay,  destruction,  or  death;  as, perishable goods; our perishable
   bodies.

                                Perishableness

   Per"ish*a*ble*ness,  n.  The  quality  or  state  of being perishable;
   liability to decay or destruction. Locke.

                                  Perishably

   Per"ish*a*bly, adv. In a perishable degree or manner.

                                  Perishment

   Per"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. perissement.] The act of perishing. [R.]
   Udall.

                                   Perisoma

   Per`i*so"ma  (?),  n.;  pl.  Perisomata  (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Perisome.

                                   Perisome

   Per"i*some  (?),  n. [Pref. peri- + -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire
   covering  of  an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or c\'d2lenterate;
   the integument.

                                   Perisperm

   Per"i*sperm  (?),  n. [F. p\'82risperme. See Peri-, and Sperm.] (Bot.)
   The albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside
   of the embryo sac. -- Per`i*sper"mic (#), a.

                          Perispheric, Perispherical

   Per`i*spher"ic  (?),  Per`i*spher"ic*al  (?),  a.  Exactly  spherical;
   globular.

                                 Perispomenon

   Per`i*spom"e*non  (?),  n.;  pl.  Perispomena (#). [NL., from Gr. (Gr.
   Gram.)  A  word  which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable.
   Goodwin.

                                   Perispore

   Per"i*spore (?), n. (Bot.) The outer covering of a spore.

                                   Perissad

   Per"is*sad  (?),  a. [Gr. (Chem.) Odd; not even; -- said of elementary
   substances  and  of  radicals  whose  valence  is not divisible by two
   without  a remainder. Contrasted with artiad.<-- ? not in modern usage
   -->

                                    Perisse

   Per"isse (?), v. i. To perish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                 Perissodactyl

   Per`is*so*dac"tyl (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Perissodactyla.

                                Perissodactyla

   Per`is*so*dac"ty*la  (?),  n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division
   of  ungulate mammals, including those that have an odd number of toes,
   as the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros; -- opposed to Artiodactyla.

                                Perissological

   Per`is*so*log"ic*al  (?),  a. [Cf. F. p\'82rissologique.] Redundant or
   excessive in words. [R.]

                                  Perissology

   Per`is*sol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [L. perissologia, Gr. Superfluity of words.
   [R.] G. Campbell.

                                  Peristalsis

   Per`i*stal"sis  (?),  n. [NL. See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.) Peristaltic
   contraction or action.

                                  Peristaltic

   Per`i*stal"tic  (?),  a. [Gr. p\'82ristaltique.] (Physiol.) Applied to
   the  peculiar wormlike wave motion of the intestines and other similar
   structures,  produced  by  the  successive contraction of the muscular
   fibers of their walls, forcing their contents onwards; as, peristaltic
   movement. -- Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly (#), adv.

                                  Peristeria

   Per`is*te"ri*a  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Peristerion.]  (Bot.)  A genus of
   orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant.

                                  Peristerion

   Per`is*te"ri*on  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. peristereon.] (Bot.) The herb
   vervain (Verbena officinalis).

                                  Peristerite

   Pe*ris"ter*ite  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Min.) A variety of albite, whitish and
   slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.

                               Peristeromorphous

   Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous  (?),  a.  [Gr.  -morphous.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
   pertaining to the pigeons or Columb\'91.

                                Peristeropodous

   Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous  (?),  a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having pigeonlike feet;
   -- said of those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the
   curassows and megapods.

                                   Peristole

   Pe*ris"to*le  (?),  n.  [NL.:  cf.  F. p\'82ristole. See Peristaltic.]
   (Physiol.) Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.

                                   Peristoma

   Pe*ris"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Peristomata (#). [NL.] Same as Peristome.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1068

                                   Peristome

   Per"i*stome (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr.

   1.  (Bot.)  The  fringe  of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of
   mosses.  It  consists  of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either
   single or double.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell.
   (b) The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.

                                  Peristomial

   Per`i*sto"mi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a peristome.

                                  Peristomium

   Per`i*sto"mi*um (?), n. [NL.] Same as Peristome.

                                 Peristrephic

   Per`i*streph"ic  (?), a. [Gr. Turning around; rotatory; revolving; as,
   a peristrephic painting (of a panorama).

                                   Peristyle

   Per"i*style (?), n. [L. peristylum, Gr. p\'82ristyle.] (Arch.) A range
   of  columns  with  their  entablature,  etc.; specifically, a complete
   system  of  columns, whether on all sides of a court, or surrounding a
   building,  such as the cella of a temple. Used in the former sense, it
   gives  name  to  the  larger  and inner court of a Roman dwelling, the
   peristyle. See Colonnade.

                                  Perisystole

   Per`i*sys"to*le   (?),   n.   [Pref.   peri-   +   systole:   cf.   F.
   p\'82risystole.]  (Physiol.)  The  interval  between  the diastole and
   systole of the heart. It is perceptible only in the dying.

                                    Perite

   Pe*rite" (?), a. [L. peritus.] Skilled. [Obs.]

                                  Perithecium

   Per`i*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An organ in certain fungi
   and  lichens, surrounding and enveloping the masses of fructification.
   Henslow.

                                  Peritomous

   Pe*rit"o*mous  (?),  a. [Gr. Peri-, and Tome.] (Min.) Cleaving in more
   directions than one, parallel to the axis.

                                 Periton\'91um

   Per`i*to*n\'91"um (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Peritoneum.

                                  Peritoneal

   Per`i*to*ne"al  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  p\'82riton\'82al.]  (Anat.)  Of or
   pertaining to the peritoneum.

                                  Peritoneum

   Per`i*to*ne"um  (?),  n.  [L. peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. (Anat.) The
   smooth  serous  membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, or the
   whole  body  cavity  when  there  is  no diaphragm, and, turning back,
   surrounds  the  viscera,  forming  a  closed,  or  nearly closed, sac.
   [Written also periton\'91um.]

                                  Peritonitis

   Per`i*to*ni"tis  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Peritoneum,  and  -itis.] (Med.)
   Inflammation of the peritoneum.

                                 Peritracheal

   Per`i*tra"che*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the trache\'91.

                                   Peritreme

   Per"i*treme (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) That part of the
   integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles. (b) The edge of
   the aperture of a univalve shell.

                                  Peritricha

   Pe*rit"ri*cha  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   ciliated  Infusoria  having a circle of cilia around the oral disk and
   sometimes  another  around  the body. It includes the vorticellas. See
   Vorticella.

                                 Peritrochium

   Per`i*tro"chi*um  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Mech.)  The wheel which,
   together with the axle, forms the axis in peritrochio, which see under
   Axis.

                                  Peritropal

   Per*it"ro*pal (?), a. [Gr. p\'82ritrope.]

   1. Rotatory; circuitous. [R.]

   2.  Having  the  axis  of  the  seed  perpendicular to the axis of the
   pericarp to which it is attached.

                                  Peritropous

   Per*it"ro*pous (?), a. Peritropal.

                                 Perityphlitis

   Per`i*typh*li"tis  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Peri-,  and Typhlitis.] (Med.)
   Inflammation of the connective tissue about the c\'91cum.

                                  Periuterine

   Per`i*u"ter*ine (?), a. (Med.) Surrounding the uterus.

                                 Perivascular

   Per`i*vas"cu*lar  (?),  a.  Around the blood vessels; as, perivascular
   lymphatics.

                                 Perivertebral

   Per`i*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the vertebr\'91.

                                 Perivisceral

   Per`i*vis"cer*al   (?),   a.  (Anat.)  Around  the  viscera;  as,  the
   perivisceral cavity.

                                 Perivitelline

   Per`i*vi*tel"line  (?), a. [Pref. peri- + vitelline.] (Biol.) Situated
   around  the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona pellucida of an
   ovum.

                                    Periwig

   Per"i*wig  (?),  n. [OE. perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F. perruque;
   cf.  OD. peruyk, from French. See Peruke, and cf. Wig.] A headdress of
   false  hair,  usually  covering  the  whole head, and representing the
   natural hair; a wig. Shak.

                                    Periwig

   Per"i*wig,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Perwigged  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perwigging (?).] To dress with a periwig, or with false hair. Swift.

                                  Periwinkle

   Per"i*win`kle (?), n. [From AS. pinewincla a shellfish, in which pine-
   is  fr.  L.  pina,  pinna,  a  kind  of  mussel,  akin to Gr. Winkle.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  Any  small  marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina.
   The   common   European   species   (Littorina  littorea),  in  Europe
   extensively  used  as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly
   on the American coast. See Littorina.

     NOTE: &hand; In  America the name is often applied to several large
     univalves, as Fulgur carica, and F. canaliculata.

                                  Periwinkle

   Per"i*win`kle,  n.  [OE.  pervenke,  AS.  pervince,  fr. L. pervinca.]
   (Bot.) A trailing herb of the genus Vinca.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon pe rwinkle (V inca mi nor) ha s op posite
     evergreen leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in their axils.
     In America it is often miscalled myrtle. See under Myrtle.

                                   Perjenet

   Per"jen*et  (?),  n. [Cf. Pear, and Jenneting.] A kind of pear. [Obs.]
   Chaucer.

                                    Perjure

   Per"jure  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Perjured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perjuring.] [F. parjurer, L. perjurare, perjerare; per through, over +
   jurare to swear. See Jury.]

   1.  To  cause  to  violate  an  oath  or  a vow; to cause to make oath
   knowingly  to  what is untrue; to make guilty of perjury; to forswear;
   to corrupt; -- often used reflexively; as, he perjured himself.

     Want will perjure The ne'er-touched vestal. Shak.

   2.  To  make  a  false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations.
   [Obs.]

     And  with a virgin innocence did pray For me, that perjured her. J.
     Fletcher.

   Syn.   --   To   Perjure,   Forswear.   These  words  have  been  used
   interchangeably;  but  there is a tendency to restrict perjure to that
   species  of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law,
   namely,  the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate
   or according to law.

                                    Perjure

   Per"jure,  n.  [L.  perjurus:  cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.] A perjured
   person. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Perjured

   Per"jured  (?),  a. Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn.
   Shak.  "Perjured  persons."  1  Tim.  i.  10.  "Their  perjured oath."
   Spenser.

                                   Perjurer

   Per"jur*er  (?),  n. One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or
   forswears, in any sense.

                             Perjurious, Perjurous

   Per*ju"ri*ous  (?),  Per"ju*rous  (?),  a. [L. perjuriosus, perjurus.]
   Guilty of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.] Quarles. B. Johnson.

                                    Perjury

   Per"ju*ry (?), n.; pl. Perjuries (#). [L. perjurium. See Perjure, v.]

   1. False swearing.

   2. (Law) At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material
   to  the  issue,  made  by a witness under oath in a competent judicial
   proceeding.  By  statute  the  penalties of perjury are imposed on the
   making of willfully false affirmations.

     NOTE: &hand; If  a  man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it
     is  made  perjury  by  statute  in some jurisdictions in the United
     States.

                                     Perk

   Perk  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Perked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.]
   [Cf.  W.  percu  to  trim,  to  make smart.] To make trim or smart; to
   straighten  up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to
   perk the ears; to perk up one's head. Cowper. Sherburne.

                                     Perk

   Perk,  v. i. To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. "To perk
   over  them."  Barrow.  To  perk  it,  to  carry  one's self proudly or
   saucily. Pope.

                                     Perk

   Perk,  a.  Smart;  trim;  spruce;  jaunty;  vain. "Perk as a peacock."
   Spenser.

                                     Perk

   Perk, v. i. To peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens.

                                    Perkin

   Per"kin (?), n. A kind of weak perry.

                                   Perkinism

   Per"kin*ism  (?),  n.  (Med.)  A  remedial  treatment,  by drawing the
   pointed  extremities  of two rods, each of a different metal, over the
   affected  part;  tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins
   of Norwich, Conn. See Metallotherapy.

                                     Perky

   Perk"y (?), a. Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.

     There amid perky larches and pines. Tennyson.

                                  Perlaceous

   Per*la"ceous (?), a. [See Pearl.] Pearly; resembling pearl.

                                    Perlid

   Per"lid  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.) Any insect of the genus Perla, or family
   Perlid\'91. See Stone fly, under Stone.

                                    Perlite

   Per"lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pearlite.

                                   Perlitic

   Per*lit"ic  (?),  a.  (Min.)  Relating  to  or  resembling perlite, or
   pearlstone; as, the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See Pearlite.

                                    Perlous

   Per"lous (?), a. Perilous. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                 Perlustration

   Per`lus*tra"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  perlustrare to wander all through, to
   survey. See 3d Luster.] The act of viewing all over. [Archaic] Howell.

                                  Permanable

   Per"ma*na*ble (?), a. Permanent; durable. [Obs.] Lydgate.

                            Permanence, Permanency

   Per"ma*nence  (?),  Per"ma*nen*cy  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F. permanence.] The
   quality  or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or
   place;  duration;  fixedness;  as, the permanence of institutions; the
   permanence of nature.

                                   Permanent

   Per"ma*nent  (?), a. [L. permanens, -entis, p.pr. of permanere to stay
   or  remain  to  the  end,  to  last;  per  +  manere to remain: cf. F.
   permanent.  See  Per-,  and Mansion.] Continuing in the same state, or
   without   any  change  that  destroys  form  or  character;  remaining
   unaltered  or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as,
   a permanent impression.

     Eternity stands permanent and fixed. Dryden.

   Permanent  gases  (Chem.  &  Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
   carbon  monoxide;  --  also called incondensible OR incoercible gases,
   before  their  liquefaction  in 1877.<-- archaic --> -- Permanent way,
   the  roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in
   distinction  from  the  contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent white
   (Chem.),  barium  sulphate  (heavy  spar),  used as a white pigment or
   paint,  in  distinction  from  white lead, which tarnishes and darkens
   from  the  formation  of  the  sulphide.  Syn.  --  Lasting;  durable;
   constant. See Lasting.
   
                                  Permanently
                                       
   Per"ma*nent*ly, adv. In a permanent manner. 

                                 Permanganate

   Per*man"ga*nate  (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of permanganic acid. Potassium
   permanganate. (Chem.) See Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.

                                  Permanganic

   Per`man*gan"ic  (?),  a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of
   the  higher  acids  of  manganese,  HMnO4,  which  forms  salts called
   permanganates.

                                  Permansion

   Per*man"sion  (?),  n.  [L.  permansio.  See  Permanent.] Continuance.
   [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                 Permeability

   Per`me*a*bil"i*ty  (?), n. [Cf. F. perm\'82abilit\'82.] The quality or
   state   of  being  permeable.  Magnetic  permeability  (Physics),  the
   specific  capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or its conducting
   power for lines of magnetic force. Sir W. Thomson.

                                   Permeable

   Per"me*a*ble  (?),  a.  [L.  permeabilis:  cf.  F.  perm\'82able.  See
   Permeate.]  Capable  of  being  permeated, or passed through; yielding
   passage;  passable; penetrable; -- used especially of substances which
   allow  the  passage  of fluids; as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is
   permeable to light. I. Taylor.

                                   Permeably

   Per"me*a*bly, adv. In a permeable manner.

                                   Permeant

   Per"me*ant  (?),  a. [L. permeans, p.pr.] Passing through; permeating.
   [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                   Permeate

   Per"me*ate  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Permeated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Permeating.]  [L. permeatus, p.p. of permeare to permeate; per + meare
   to go, pass.]

   1.  To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass
   through without causing rupture or displacement; -- applied especially
   to  fluids  which  pass through substances of loose texture; as, water
   permeates sand. Woodward.

   2. To enter and spread through; to pervade.

     God  was  conceived  to  be diffused throughout the whole world, to
     permeate and pervade all things. Cudworth.

                                  Permeation

   Per`me*a"tion  (?),  n.  The  act  of  permeating, passing through, or
   spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance.

     Here  is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and
     inexistence. Bp. Hall.

                                    Permian

   Per"mi*an  (?),  a.  [From  the  ancient  kingdom of Permia, where the
   Permian  formation  exists.]  (Geol.)  Belonging  or  relating  to the
   period,  and  also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous,
   and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era. -- n.
   The Permian period. See Chart of Geology.

                                   Permians

   Per"mi*ans  (?),  n. pl.; sing. Permian (. (Ethnol.) A tribe belonging
   to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion of Russia.

                                  Permiscible

   Per*mis"ci*ble  (?),  a.  [L.  permiscere  to mingle; per + miscere to
   mix.] Capable of being mixed.

                                    Permiss

   Per*miss"  (?),  n.  [See  Permit.]  A  permitted choice; a rhetorical
   figure  in  which  a  thing  is  committed  to  the  decision of one's
   opponent. [Obs.] Milton.

                                Permissibility

   Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty   (?),   n.  The  quality  of  being  permissible;
   permissibleness; allowableness.

                                  Permissible

   Per*mis"si*ble  (?),  a. That may be permitted; allowable; admissible.
   -- Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mis"si*bly, adv.

                                  Permission

   Per*mis"sion  (?),  n.  [L. permissio: cf. F. permission. See Permit.]
   The  act  of  permitting  or  allowing; formal consent; authorization;
   leave; license or liberty granted.

     High permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton.

     You have given me your permission for this address. Dryden.

   Syn.  --  Leave; liberty; license. -- Leave, Permission. Leave implies
   that  the  recipient  may decide whether to use the license granted or
   not.  Permission  is  the  absence  on the part of another of anything
   preventive,  and  in  general,  at  least  by  implication,  signifies
   approval.

                                  Permissive

   Per*mis"sive (?), a.

   1.  Permitting;  granting  leave or liberty. "By his permissive will."
   Milton.

   2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered. Milton.

                                 Permissively

   Per*mis"sive*ly, adv. In a permissive manner.

                                  Permistion

   Per*mis"tion   (?),  n.  [L.  permistio,  permixtio,  fr.  permiscere,
   permistum,  and  permixtum.  See  Permiscible.] The act of mixing; the
   state of being mingled; mixture. [Written also permixtion.]

                                    Permit

   Per*mit"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Permitted;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Permitting.]  [L.  permittere,  permissum,  to  let through, to allow,
   permit; per + mittere to let go, send. See Per-, and Mission.]

   1.  To  consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put
   up with.

     What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he permitteth
     with approbation either to be done or left undone. Hooker.

   2.  To  grant  (one)  express  license  or  liberty  to  do an act; to
   authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an infinitive.

     Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Acis xxvi. 1.

   3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit.

     Let  us not aggravate our sorrows, But to the gods permit the event
     of things. Addison.

   Syn. -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent
   to.  -- To Allow, Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To allow is more positive,
   denoting  (at  least  originally and etymologically) a decided assent,
   either  directly  or  by  implication. To permit is more negative, and
   imports  only  acquiescence  or  an  abstinence  from  prevention. The
   distinction,  however, is often disregarded by good writers. To suffer
   has  a  stronger  passive  or negative sense than to permit, sometimes
   implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate is
   to  endure  what  is  contrary  to  will  or  desire. To suffer and to
   tolerate are sometimes used without discrimination.

                                    Permit

   Per*mit", v. i. To grant permission; to allow.

                                    Permit

   Per"mit  (?),  n. Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a
   written  license  or  permission  given  to a person or persons having
   authority; as, a permit to land goods subject to duty.

                                  Permittance

   Per*mit"tance  (?),  n.  The act of permitting; allowance; permission;
   leave. Milton.

                                   Permittee

   Per`mit*tee" (?), n. One to whom a permission or permit is given.

                                   Permitter

   Per*mit"ter (?), n. One who permits.

     A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin. J. Edwards.

                                    Permix

   Per*mix" (?), v. t. To mix; to mingle. [Obs.]

                                  Permixtion

   Per*mix"tion (?), n. See Permission.

                                  Permutable

   Per*mut"a*ble  (?), a. [Cf. F. permutable.] Capable of being permuted;
   exchangeable. -- Per*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mut"a*bly, adv.

                                  Permutation

   Per`mu*ta"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  permutatio:  cf.  F.  permutation.  See
   Permute.]

   1.  The  act  of  permuting; exchange of the thing for another; mutual
   transference; interchange.

     The  violent  convulsions  and  permutations that have been made in
     property. Burke.

   2. (Math.) (a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as
   units,  objects,  letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the
   other; -- called also alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4. (b) Any one
   of such possible arrangements.

   3. (Law) Barter; exchange.
   Permutation  lock,  a  lock  in  which  the parts can be transposed or
   shifted,  so  as  to require different arrangements of the tumblers on
   different occasions of unlocking.
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   Page 1069

                                    Permute

   Per*mute"  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  permutare,  permutatum;  per + mutare to
   change: cf. F. permuter.]

   1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.

   2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic. [Obs.]

     Bought, trucked, permuted, or given. Hakluyt.

                                   Permuter

   Per*mut"er (?), n. One who permutes.

                                     Pern

   Pern (?), v. t. [See Pernancy.] To take profit of; to make profitable.
   [Obs.] Sylvester.

                                     Pern

   Pern, n. (Zo\'94l.) The honey buzzard.

                                   Pernancy

   Per"nan*cy (?), n. [OF. prenance, fr. prendre, prenre, penre, to take,
   L.  prendere,  prehendere.]  (Law)  A  taking  or  reception,  as  the
   receiving  of  rents  or  tithes  in  kind,  the receiving of profits.
   Blackstone.

                                    Pernel

   Per"nel (?), n. See Pimpernel. [Obs.]

                                   Pernicion

   Per*ni"cion  (?),  n.  [See  2d  Pernicious.]  Destruction; perdition.
   [Obs.] hudibras.

                                  Pernicious

   Per*ni"cious  (?), a. [L. pernix, -icis.] Quick; swift (to burn). [R.]
   Milton.

                                  Pernicious

   Per*ni"cious,  a.  [L.  perniciosus,  from pernicies destruction, from
   pernecare to kill or slay outright; per + necare to kill, slay: cf. F.
   pernicieux.  Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.] Having the quality of injuring
   or killing; destructive; very mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked.

     Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar. Shak.

     Pernicious to his health. Prescott.

   Syn.  --  Destructive;  ruinous;  deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful;
   deleterious;   hurtful;  mischievous.  --  Per*ni"cious*ly,  adv.,  --
   Per*ni"cious*ness, n.

                                   Pernicity

   Per*nic"i*ty  (?),  n. [L. pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.] Swiftness;
   celerity. [R.] Ray.

                                    Pernio

   Per"ni*o (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A chilblain.

                                 Pernoctalian

   Per`noc*ta"li*an (?), n. One who watches or keeps awake all night.

                                 Pernoctation

   Per`noc*ta"tion  (?),  n.  [L. pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all
   night;  per  +  nox,  noctis,  night.] The act or state of passing the
   whole  night;  a  remaining  all night. "Pernoctation in prayer." Jer.
   Taylor.

                                    Pernor

   Per"nor  (?), n. [See Pern, v.] (Law) One who receives the profits, as
   of an estate.

                                Pernot furnace

   Per"not fur"nace (?). [So called from Charles Pernot, its inventor.] A
   reverberatory  furnace  with  a  circular revolving hearth, -- used in
   making steel.

                                  Pernyi moth

   Per"ny*i  moth" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A silk-producing moth (Attacus Pernyi)
   which  feeds  upon  the  oak.  It  has been introduced into Europe and
   America from China.

                                  Perofskite

   Per*of"skite  (?),  n. [From von Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.) A
   titanate  of  lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals. [Written
   also Perovskite.]

                                    Perogue

   Pe*rogue (?), n. See Pirogue.

                                   Peronate

   Per"o*nate  (?),  a.  [L.  peronatus roughpero, -onis, a kind of rough
   boot.]  (Bot.) A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi
   which  are  covered  with  a  woolly substance which at length becomes
   powdery. Henslow.

                                   Peroneal

   Per`o*ne"al  (?),  a.  [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the fibula; in
   the region of the fibula.

                                   Perorate

   Per"o*rate  (?),  v.  i.  [See  Peroration.]  To make a peroration; to
   harangue. [Colloq.]

                                  Peroration

   Per`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. peroratio, fr. perorate, peroratum, to speak
   from  beginning  to end; per + orate to speak. See Per-, and Oration.]
   (Rhet.) The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing
   up and enforcement of an argument. Burke.

                                 Peroxidation

   Per*ox`i*da"tion  (?),  n.  Act,  process,  or result of peroxidizing;
   oxidation to a peroxide.

                                   Peroxide

   Per*ox"ide  (?),  n. (Chem.) An oxide containing more oxygen than some
   other  oxide  of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as
   the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.

                                  Peroxidize

   Per*ox"i*dize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peroxidized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Peroxidizing.]  (Chem.)  To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to
   form a peroxide.

                                    Perpend

   Per*pend"  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  perpendere,  perpensum; per + pendere to
   weight.]  To  weight  carefully  in the mind. [R.] "Perpend my words."
   Shak.

                                    Perpend

   Per*pend", v. i. To attend; to be attentive. [R.] Shak.

                                   Perpender

   Per*pend"er  (?),  n.  [F.  parpaing,  pierre  parpaigne; of uncertain
   origin.]  (Masonry)  A  large  stone  reaching through a wall so as to
   appear  on  both  sides  of it, and acting as a binder; -- called also
   perbend, perpend stone, and perpent stone.

                                  Perpendicle

   Per*pen"di*cle  (?),  n. [L. perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang: cf.
   F.  perpendicule.]  Something  hanging  straight  down;  a plumb line.
   [Obs.]

                                 Perpendicular

   Per`pen*dic"u*lar  (?),  a. [L. perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf.
   F. perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle, Pension.]

   1.  Exactly  upright  or  vertical;  pointing  to the zenith; at right
   angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any
   point toward the center of the earth.

   2. (Geom.) At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad
   is perpendicular to the line bc.
   Perpendicular  style  (Arch.),  a  name given to the latest variety of
   English  Gothic  architecture,  which  prevailed from the close of the
   14th century to the early part of the 16th; -- probably so called from
   the vertical style of its window mullions.

                                 Perpendicular

   Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), n.

   1. A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line
   or direction.

   2.  (Geom.) A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or
   surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.

                               Perpendicularity

   Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  perpendicularit\'82.]  The
   quality or state of being perpendicular.

                                Perpendicularly

   Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a perpendicular manner; vertically.

                                 Perpend stone

   Per"pend stone` (?). See Perpender.

                                  Perpension

   Per*pen"sion  (?), n. [See Perpend.] Careful consideration; pondering.
   [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Perpensity

   Per*pen"si*ty (?), n. Perpension. [Obs.]

                                 Perpent stone

   Per"pent stone` (?). See Perpender.

                                  Perpession

   Per*pes"sion  (?),  n.  [L. perpessio, fr. perpeti, perpessus, to bear
   steadfastly;  per  +  pati  to bear.] Suffering; endurance. [Obs.] Bp.
   Pearson.

                                  Perpetrable

   Per"pe*tra"ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetrated. R. North.

                                  Perpetrate

   Per"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perpetrating.]   [L.   perpetratus,  p.p.  of  perpetrare  to  effect,
   perpetrare;  per  +  patrare  to  perform.] To do or perform; to carry
   through;  to  execute, commonly in a bad sense; to commit (as a crime,
   an offense); to be guilty of; as, to perpetrate a foul deed.

     What the worst perpetrate, or best endure. Young.

                                 Perpetration

   Per`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perpetratio: cf. F. perp\'82tration.]

   1.  The  act  of  perpetrating;  a  doing;  --  commonly used of doing
   something wrong, as a crime.

   2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action.

                                  Perpetrator

   Per"pe*tra`tor (?), n. [L.] One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits
   an offense or crime.

                                  Perpetuable

   Per*pet"u*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetuated or continued.

     Varieties are perpetuable, like species. Gray.

                                   Perpetual

   Per*pet"u*al   (?),   a.  [OE.  perpetuel,  F.  perp\'82tuel,  fr.  L.
   perpetualis,  fr.  perpetuus  continuing  throughout,  continuous, fr.
   perpes,  -etis,  lasting throughout.] Neverceasing; continuing forever
   or for an unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting; continuous.

     Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. Shak.

     Perpetual feast of nectared sweets. Milton.

   Circle  of  perpetual apparition, OR occultation. See under Circle. --
   Perpetual  calendar, a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for
   any  month  or  year.  --  Perpetual curacy (Ch. of Eng.), a curacy in
   which  all  the  tithes  are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed.
   Blackstone. -- Perpetual motion. See under Motion. -- Perpetual screw.
   See Endless screw, under Screw. Syn. -- Continual; unceasing; endless;
   everlasting; incessant; constant; eternal. See Constant.

                                  Perpetually

   Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv. In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually.

     The  Bible  and  Common  Prayer  Book  in  the vulgar tongue, being
     perpetually  read  in  churches, have proved a kind of standard for
     language. Swift.

                                  Perpetualty

     Per*pet"u*al*ty  (?), n. The state or condition of being perpetual.
     [Obs.] Testament of Love.

                                  Perpetuance

     Per*pet"u*ance (?), n. Perpetuity. [Obs.]

                                  Perpetuate

     Per*pet"u*ate  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetuated (?); p. pr. &
     vb.  n.  Perpetuating.]  [L.  perpetuatus,  p.p.  of  perpetuare to
     perpetuate.  See Perpetual.] To make perpetual; to cause to endure,
     or  to  be  continued, indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or
     oblivion; to eternize. Addison. Burke.

                                  Perpetuate

     Per*pet"u*ate  (?),  a.  [L.  perpetuatus,  p.p.]  Made  perpetual;
     perpetuated. [R.] Southey.

                                 Perpetuation

     Per*pet`u*a"tion  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  perp\'82tuation.]  The act of
     making  perpetual,  or  of  preserving  from  extinction through an
     endless   existence,   or   for   an  indefinite  period  of  time;
     continuance. Sir T. Browne.

                                  Perpetuity

     Per`pe*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perpetuitas: cf. F. perp\'82tuit\'82.]

     1.  The  quality or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of
     laws. Bacon.

     A path to perpetuity of fame. Byron.

     The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity. I. Taylor.

     2. Something that is perpetual. South.

     3.  Endless  time.  "And yet we should, for perpetuity, go hence in
     debt." Shak.

     4. (Annuities) (a) The number of years in which the simple interest
     of any sum becomes equal to the principal. (b) The number of years'
     purchase  to  be  given  for  an annuity to continue forever. (c) A
     perpetual annuity.

     5.  (Law)  (a)  Duration  without  limitations  as to time. (b) The
     quality  or condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable,
     either  perpetually  or  for  a  very long period; also, the estate
     itself so modified or perpetuated.

                                    Perplex

     Per*plex"  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perplexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
     Perplexing.] [L. perplexari. See Perplex, a.]

     1.  To  involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and
     difficult  to  be  unraveled or understood; as, to perplex one with
     doubts.

     No artful wildness to perplex the scene. Pope.

     What  was  thought  obscure,  perplexed,  and too hard for our weak
     parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view. Locke.

     2.  To  embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse;
     to  trouble  with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety. "Perplexd beyond
     self-explication." Shak.

     We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Cor. iv. 8.

     We  can  distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to
     perplex the mind. Locke.

     3.  To  plague;  to  vex; to tormen. Glanvill. Syn. -- To entangle;
     involve;   complicate;   embarrass;   puzzle;   bewilder;  confuse;
     distract. See Embarrass.

                                    Perplex

     Per*plex",  a.  [L. perplexus entangled, intricate; per + plectere,
     plexum,  to  plait,  braid:  cf. F. perplexe. See Per-, and Plait.]
     Intricate; difficult. [Obs.] Glanvill.

                                   Perplexed

     Per*plexed"  (?),  a.  Entangled,  involved,  or  confused;  hence,
     embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful; anxious. -- Per*plex"ed*ly (#), adv.
     -- Per*plex"ed*ness, n.

                                  Perplexing

     Per*plex"ing   (?),   a.   Embarrassing;   puzzling;   troublesome.
     "Perplexing thoughts." Milton.

                                  Perplexity

     Per*plex"i*ty  (?),  n.; pl. Perplexities (#). [L. perplexitas: cf.
     F.  perplexit\'82.]  The  quality  or  state  of being perplexed or
     puzzled; complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind
     through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt.

     By their own perplexities involved, They ravel more. Milton.

                                Perplexiveness

     Per*plex"ive*ness (?), n. The quality of being perplexing; tendency
     to perplex. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

                                   Perplexly

     Per*plex"ly, adv. Perplexedly. [Obs.] Milton.

                                  Perpotation

     Per`po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See Per-, and
     Potation.] The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.]

                                  Perquisite

     Per"qui*site  (?),  n.  [L.  perquisitum,  fr. perquisitus, p.p. of
     perquirere to ask for diligently; per + quaerere to seek. See Per-,
     and Quest.]

     1.  Something  gained from a place or employment over and above the
     ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a
     fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service.

     The  pillage  of  a  place  taken  by  storm  was  regarded  as the
     perquisite of the soldiers. Prescott.

     The  best  perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man
     of doing good. Addison.

     2.  pl.  (Law)  Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased
     with  his  own  money,  as  opposed  to things which come to him by
     descent. Mozley & W.

                                  Perquisited

     Per"qui*sit*ed,  a.  Supplied with perquisites. [Obs.] "Perquisited
     varlets frequent stand." Savage.

                                 Perquisition

     Per`qui*si"tion  (?),  n. [Cf. F. perquisition.] A thorough inquiry
     of search. [R.] Berkeley.

                                   Perradial

     Per*ra"di*al  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Situated  around  the radii, or
     radial tubes, of a radiate.

                                    Perrie

     Per"rie  (?),  n. [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.]
     Precious  stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also perre, perrye, etc.]
     Chaucer.

                                    Perrier

     Per"ri*er   (?),   n.  [OF.  perriere,  perrier,  F.  perrier.  Cf.
     Pederero.]  (Mil.)  A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone
     shot. Hakluyt.

                                   Perroquet

     Per`ro*quet" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet, Parakeet.

                                   Perruque

     Per`ruque" (?), n. [F.] See Peruke.

                                  Perruquier

     Per*ru"qui*er (?), n. [F.] A marker of perukes or wigs.

                                     Perry

     Per"ry  (?),  n.  [OF.  per\'82,  F. poir\'82, fr. poire a pear, L.
     pirum.  See  Pear  the  fruit.] A fermented liquor made from pears;
     pear cider. Mortimer.

                                     Perry

     Per"ry, n. A suddent squall. See Pirry. [Obs.]

                                     Pers

     Pers (?), a. [F. pers.] Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term applied
     to different shades at different periods. -- n. A cloth of sky-blue
     color. [Obs.] "A long surcoat of pers." Chaucer.

                                    Persalt

     Per"salt`  (?),  n.  (Chem.)  A  term  formerly  given to the salts
     supposed  to  be  formed  respectively  by  neutralizing acids with
     certain peroxides. [Obsoles.]

                                    Persant

     Per"sant  (?),  a.  [F.  per\'87ant,  p.pr.  of  percer to pierce.]
     Piercing. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                 Perscrutation

     Per`scru*ta"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  perscrutatio,  fr.  perscrutari to
     search   through.]  A  thorough  searching;  a  minute  inquiry  or
     scrutiny. Carlyle

                                   Persecot

     Per"se*cot (?), n. See Persicot.

                                   Persecute

     Per"se*cute  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persecuted (?); p. pr. & vb.
     n.  Persecuting.]  [F.  pers\'82cueter, L. persequi, persecutus, to
     pursue,  prosecute;  per  +  sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and
     Second.]

     1.  To  pursue  in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset
     with  cruelty  or  malignity;  to  harass;  especially, to afflict,
     harass,  punish,  or  put  to  death, for adherence to a particular
     religious creed or mode of worship.

     Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully
     use you, and persecute you. Matt. v. 44.

     2.   To   harass   with  importunity;  to  pursue  with  persistent
     solicitations;  to  annoy.  Johnson.  Syn.  --  To oppress; harass;
     distress; worry; annoy.

                                  Persecution

     Per`se*cu"tion (?), n. [F. pers\'82cution, L. persecutio.]

     1.  The  act or practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction
     of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a particular creed or mode
     of worship.

     Persecution produces no sincere conviction. Paley.

     2. The state or condition of being persecuted. Locke.

     3. A carrying on; prosecution. [Obs.]

                                  Persecutor

     Per"se*cu`tor   (?),  n.  [L.:  cf.  F.  pers\'82cuteur.]  One  who
     persecutes, or harasses. Shak.

                                  Persecutrix

     Per"se*cu`trix (?), n. [L.] A woman who persecutes.

                                    Perseid

     Per"se*id  (?), n. (Astron.) One of a group of shooting stars which
     appear  yearly  about  the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in
     paths apparently radiating from the constellation Perseus. They are
     beleived  to  be  fragments  once connected with a comet visible in
     1862.

                                    Perseus

     Per"se*us (?), n. [L., from Gr.

     1.  (Class.  Myth.)  A  Grecian  legendary hero, son of Jupiter and
     Dana\'89, who slew the Gorgon Medusa.

     2. (Astron.) A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus
     and  Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye
     as a nebula.

                                   Persever

     Per*sev"er (?), v. i. To persevere. [Obs.]

                                 Perseverance

     Per`se*ver"ance (?), n. [F. pers\'82v\'82rance, L. perseverantia.]

     1.  The  act  of  persevering;  persistence in anything undertaken;
     continued  pursuit  or  prosecution  of any business, or enterprise
     begun.  "The  king-becoming  graces  .  .  .  perseverance,  mercy,
     lowliness." Shak.

     Whose  constant  perseverance  overcame  Whate'er  his cruel malice
     could invent. Milton.

     2. Discrimination. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

     3.  (Theol.)  Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded
     by  a  state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance, and the
     perseverance  of  the  saints.  See Calvinism. Syn. -- Persistence;
     steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.
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     Page 1070

                                  Perseverant

     Per`se*ver"ant  (?),  a.  [L.  perseverans,  -antis,  p.pr.: cf. F.
     pers\'82v\'82rant.]  Persevering. [R.] "Perseverant faith." Whitby.
     -- Per`se*ver"ant*ly, adv. [R.]

                                   Persevere

     Per`se*vere"  (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persevered (?); p. pr. & vb.
     n.   Persevering.]   [F.   pers\'82v\'82rer,  L.  perseverare,  fr.
     perseverus very strict; per + severus strict, severe. See Per-, and
     Severe.]  To  persist  in any business or enterprise undertaken; to
     pursue  steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose
     in  spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not
     to give or abandon what is undertaken.

     Thrice  happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright.
     Milton.

     Syn.  --  To  Persevere,  Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying
     aside  is  common  to  these  words.  Continue is the generic term,
     denoting  simply to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to
     continue  in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from
     a  desire  to  obtain  our  end.  To  persist is to continue from a
     determination of will not to give up. Persist is frequently used in
     a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.

                                  Persevering

     Per`se*ver"ing  (?),  a. Characterized by perseverance; persistent.
     -- Per`se*ver"ing*ly, adv.

                                    Persian

     Per"sian (?), a. [From Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf. Parsee, Peach,
     Persic.]  Of  or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their
     language.

   Persian  berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn,
   used  for  dyeing  yellow,  and  imported  chiefly  from Trebizond. --
   Persian  cat.  (Zo\'94l.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora. -- Persian
   columns  (Arch.),  columns  of  which  the  shaft represents a Persian
   slave;  --  called  also  Persians.  See  Atlantes.  --  Persian drill
   (Mech.), a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along
   a  spirally  grooved  drill  holder. -- Persian fire (Med.), malignant
   pustule.  --  Persian  powder.  See  Insect  powder,  under Insect. --
   Persian  red.  See  Indian  red (a), under Indian. -- Persian wheel, a
   noria; a tympanum. See Noria.

                                    Persian

   Per"sian, n.

   1. A native or inhabitant of Persia.

   2. The language spoken in Persia.

   3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck.

   4. pl. (Arch.) See Persian columns, under Persian, a.

                                    Persic

   Per"sic  (?), a. [L. Persicus. Cf. Persian.] Of or relating to Persia.
   -- n. The Persian language.

                                  Persicaria

   Per`si*ca"ri*a  (?),  n.  [NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See
   Peach.] (Bot.) See Lady's thumb.

                                   Persicot

   Per"si*cot  (?),  n.  [F. See Peach.] A cordial made of the kernels of
   apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.

                                  Persiflage

   Per`si`flage" (?), n. [F., fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per + siffler
   to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare, sifilare.] Frivolous or bantering talk;
   a  frivolous  manner  of  treating  any  subject,  whether  serious or
   otherwise; light raillery. Hannah More.

                                  Persifleur

   Per`si`fleur  (?), n. [F.] One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer;
   a quiz. Carlyle.

                                   Persimmon

   Per*sim"mon  (?),  n.  [Virginia  Indian.]  (Bot.)  An  American  tree
   (Diospyros  Virginiana)  and its fruit, found from New York southward.
   The  fruit  is  like  a  plum  in  appearance,  but  is very harsh and
   astringent  until  it  has  been  exposed  to  frost,  when it becomes
   palatable  and  nutritious. Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its
   red  or  yellow  edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but
   contains a few large seeds.
   
                                    Persis
                                       
   Per"sis  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  A  kind  of  coloring matter
   obtained from lichens. 

                                    Persism

   Per"sism (?), n. A Persian idiom.

                                    Persist

   Per*sist"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Persisted;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Persisting.]  [L.  persistere; per + sistere to stand or be fixed, fr.
   stare to stand: cf. F. persister. See Per-, and Stand.] To stand firm;
   to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially,
   to  continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to
   persevere;  --  sometimes  conveying  an  unfavorable  notion,  as  of
   doggedness or obstinacy.

     If  they  persist  in  pointing  their batteries against particular
     persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals. Addison.

     Some  positive,  persisting  fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will
     needs be always so. Pope.

     That  face  persists.  It floats up; it turns over in my mind. Mrs.
     Browning.

   Syn. -- See Persevere, and Insist.

                           Persistence, Persistency

   Per*sist"ence (?), Per*sist"en*cy (?), n. [See Persistent.]

   1.  The  quality  or  state of being persistent; staying or continuing
   quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.

   2.  The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise
   to  it  is  removed;  as: (a) (Physics) The persistence of motion. (b)
   (Physiol.)   Visual   persistence,   or   persistence  of  the  visual
   impression; auditory persistence, etc.

                                  Persistent

   Per*sist"ent  (?), a. [L. persistens, -entis, p.pr. of persistere. See
   Persist.]

   1.  Inclined  to  persist;  having  staying  qualities;  tenacious  of
   position or purpose.

   2.  (Biol.)  Remaining  beyond  the period when parts of the same kind
   sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or
   gills; a persistent calyx; -- opposed to deciduous, and caducous.

                                 Persistently

   Per*sist"ent*ly, adv. In a persistent manner.

                                  Persisting

   Per*sist"ing,   a.   Inclined   to   persist;  tenacious  of  purpose;
   persistent. -- Per*sist"ing*ly, adv.

                                  Persistive

   Per*sist"ive (?), a. See Persistent. Shak.

                                   Persolve

   Per*solve" (?), v. t. [L. persolvere.] To pay wholly, or fully. [Obs.]
   E. Hall.

                                    Person

   Per"son (?), n. [OE. persone, persoun, person, parson, OF. persone, F.
   personne,  L.  persona  a  mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a
   person,  fr.  personare  to  sound through; per + sonare to sound. See
   Per-, and cf. Parson.]

   1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation
   of  individual  character,  whether  in  real  life, or in literary or
   dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic]

     His  first  appearance  upon  the  stage  in  his  new  person of a
     sycophant or juggler. Bacon.

     No man can long put on a person and act a part. Jer. Taylor.

     To  bear  rule,  which  was  thy  part And person, hadst thou known
     thyself aright. Milton.

     How  different  is  the  same  man from himself, as he sustains the
     person of a magistrate and that of a friend! South.

   2.  The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of
   comely person.

     A fair persone, and strong, and young of age. Chaucer.

     If it assume my noble father's person. Shak.

     Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined. Milton.

   3.  ,  self-conscious  being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a
   moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.

     Consider  what  person  stands  for; which, I think, is a thinking,
     intelligent being, that has reason and reflection. Locke.

   4.  A  human  being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person
   present.

   5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

   6.  (Theol.)  Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the
   Godhead  (the  Father,  the  Son,  and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis.
   "Three persons and one God." Bk. of Com. Prayer.

   7.  (Gram.)  One  of  three relations or conditions (that of speaking,
   that  of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a
   noun  or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the
   subject.

     NOTE: &hand; A  no un or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is
     said  to  be  in the first person; when representing what is spoken
     to,  in  the second person; when representing what is spoken of, in
     the third person.

   8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound
   Hydrozoa  Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense,
   among the higher animals. Haeckel.

     True  corms,  composed  of united person\'91 . . . usually arise by
     gemmation,  .  . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion
     of several originally distinct persons. Encyc. Brit.

   Artificial,  OR  Fictitious,  person  (Law),  a  corporation  or  body
   politic.  blackstone.<-- = legal person --> -- Natural person (Law), a
   man, woman, or child, in distinction from a corporation. -- In person,
   by  one's self; with bodily presence; not by representative. "The king
   himself  in  person  is  set forth." Shak. -- In the person of, in the
   place of; acting for. Shak.

                                    Person

   Per"son  (?),  v.  t.  To  represent  as  a  person;  to personify; to
   impersonate. [Obs.] Milton.

                                    Persona

   Per*so"na  (?),  n.;  pl. Person\'91 (#). [L.] (Biol.) Same as Person,
   n., 8.

                                  Personable

   Per"son*a*ble (?), a.

   1.  Having  a  well-formed  body, or person; graceful; comely; of good
   appearance; presentable; as, a personable man or woman.

     Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind. Spenser.

     The  king,  .  . . so visited with sickness, was not personable. E.
     Hall.

   2.  (Law)  (a)  Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Cowell. (b) Having
   capacity to take anything granted.

                                   Personage

   Per"son*age (?), n. [F. personnage.]

   1.   Form,  appearance,  or  belongings  of  a  person;  the  external
   appearance,  stature,  figure,  air,  and  the  like, of a person. "In
   personage stately." Hayward.

     The damsel well did view his personage. Spenser.

   2.  Character  assumed  or  represented. "The actors and personages of
   this fable." Broome. "Disguised in a false personage." Addison.

   3.  A  notable  or  distinguished  person;  a  conspicious or peculiar
   character; as, an illustrious personage; a comely personage of stature
   tall. Spenser.

                                   Personal

   Per"son*al (?), a. [L. personalis: cf. F. personnel.]

   1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things.

     Every man so termed by way of personal difference. Hooker.

   2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting,
   an  individual,  or  each  of  many individuals; peculiar or proper to
   private  concerns;  not  public  or  general;  as,  personal  comfort;
   personal desire.

     The  words  are  conditional,  --  If  thou  doest  well, -- and so
     personal to Cain. Locke.

   3.  Pertaining  to  the  external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as,
   personal charms. Addison.

   4.  Done  in  person;  without  the intervention of another. "Personal
   communication." Fabyan.

     The immediate and personal speaking of God. White.

   5.  Relating  to  an  individual,  his character, conduct, motives, or
   private  affairs,  in  an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal
   reflections or remarks.

   6. (Gram.) Denoting person; as, a personal pronoun.
   Personal  action  (Law), a suit or action by which a man claims a debt
   or  personal  duty,  or  damages  in  lieu of it; or wherein he claims
   satisfaction  in  damages  for an injury to his person or property, or
   the specific recovery of goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action.
   -- Personal equation. (Astron.) See under Equation. -- Personal estate
   OR  property  (Law),  movables; chattels; -- opposed to real estate or
   property.  It  usually  consists  of  things  temporary  and  movable,
   including  all  subjects  of  property  not  of  a freehold nature. --
   Personal  identity  (Metaph.),  the persistent and continuous unity of
   the individual person, which is attested by consciousness. -- Personal
   pronoun  (Gram.),  one of the pronouns I, thou, he, she, it, and their
   plurals.   --   Personal   representatives  (Law),  the  executors  or
   administrators  of  a  person  deceased.  --  Personal  rights, rights
   appertaining  to  the  person;  as, the rights of a personal security,
   personal  liberty, and private property. -- Personal tithes. See under
   Tithe. -- Personal verb (Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected
   to correspond with the three persons.

                                   Personal

   Per"son*al, n. (Law) A movable; a chattel.

                                  Personalism

   Per"son*al*ism  (?),  n.  The  quality  or  state  of  being personal;
   personality. [R.]

                                  Personality

   Per`son*al"i*ty    (?),   n.;   pl.   Personalities   (#).   [Cf.   F.
   personnalit\'82. Cf. Personality.]

   1. That which constitutes distinction of person; individuality.

     Personality  is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature
     as a ground. Coleridge.

   2.  Something  said  or  written  which refers to the person, conduct,
   etc.,  of  some  individual,  especially something of a disparaging or
   offensive nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in personalities.

     Sharp personalities were exchanged. Macaulay.

   3.  (Law)  That  quality of a law which concerns the condition, state,
   and capacity of persons. Burrill.

                                  Personalize

   Per"son*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personalized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Personalizing (?).] To make personal. "They personalize death." H.
   Spencer.

                                  Personally

   Per"son*al*ly, adv.

   1.  In  a  personal  manner;  by  bodily  presence;  in person; not by
   representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter personally.

     He, being cited, personally came not. Grafton.

   2. With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually;
   particularly.

     She  bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally
     to the king. Bacon.

   3.  With  respect  to  one's individuality; as regards one's self; as,
   personally I have no feeling in the matter.

                                  Personalty

   Per"son*al*ty (?), n.

   1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.]

   2.  (Law)  Personal  property,  as  distinguished  from realty or real
   property.

                                   Personate

   Per"son*ate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Personating  (?).]  [L.  personare  to  cry  out,  LL.,  to extol. See
   Person.] To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]

     In  fable,  hymn,  or  song  so  personating Their gods ridiculous.
     Milton.

                                   Personate

   Per"son*ate,  v.  t.  [L.  personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr.
   persona a mask. See Person.]

   1.   To  assume  the  character  of;  to  represent  by  a  fictitious
   appearance;  to  act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; as,
   he tried to personate his brother; a personated devotion. Hammond.

   2.  To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A
   personated mate." Milton.

   3. To personify; to typify; to describe. Shak.

                                   Personate

   Per"son*ate, v. i. To play or assume a character.

                                   Personate

   Per"son*ate  (?),  a. [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.) Having the throat
   of  a  bilabiate  corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of
   the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.

                                  Personation

   Per`son*a"tion  (?),  n.  The act of personating, or conterfeiting the
   person or character of another.

                                  Personator

   Per"son*a`tor  (?),  n.  One who personates. "The personators of these
   actions." B. Jonson.

                                  Personeity

   Per`son*e"i*ty (?), n. Personality. [R.] Coleridge.

                                Personification

   Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. personnification.]

   1. The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment. C. Knight.

   2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract
   idea   is  represented  as  animated,  or  endowed  with  personality;
   prosopopas, the floods clap their hands. "Confusion heards his voice."
   Milton.

                                  Personifier

   Per*son"i*fi`er (?), n. One who personifies.

                                   Personify

   Per*son"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Personifying (?).] [Person + -fy: cf. F. personnifier.]

   1.  To  regard,  treat,  or  represent  as a person; to represent as a
   rational being.

     The  poets  take  the  liberty  of  personifying  inanimate things.
     Chesterfield.

   2.  To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he
   personifies the law.

                                   Personize

   Per"son*ize (?), v. t. To personify. [R.]

     Milton has personized them. J. Richardson.

                                   Personnel

   Per`son`nel"  (?),  n. [F. See Personal.] The body of persons employed
   in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished from
   mat\'82riel.

                                  Perspective

   Per*spec"tive (?), a. [L. perspicere, perspectum, to look through; per
   +   spicere,   specere,  to  look:  cf.  F.  perspectif;  or  from  E.
   perspective, n. See Spy, n.]

   1. Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical. [Obs.] Bacon.

   2.  Pertaining  to  the  art,  or  in  accordance  with  the  laws, of
   perspective.
   Perspective  plane,  the  plane  or  surface  on which the objects are
   delineated,  or  the  picture  drawn;  the  plane  of  projection;  --
   distinguished  from  the  ground  plane,  which  is  that on which the
   objects are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the
   principal  face  of  the  object,  the  perspective  is called oblique
   perspective;  when  parallel  to  that  face, parallel perspective. --
   Perspective  shell  (Zo\'94l.),  any  shell  of the genus Solarium and
   allied genera. See Solarium.
   
                                  Perspective
                                       
   Per*spec"tive,   n.   [F.   perspective,   fr.   perspectif:  cf.  It.
   perspettiva. See Perspective, a.]
   
   1.   A   glass  through  which  objects  are  viewed.  [Obs.]  "Not  a
   perspective, but a mirror." Sir T. Browne.
   
   2.  That  which  is  seen  through  an  opening; a view; a vista. "The
   perspective of life." Goldsmith.

   3.  The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of
   which  the  eye  recognized them as being at a more or less measurable
   distance.  Hence, a\'89rial perspective, the assumed greater vagueness
   or uncertainty of outline in distant objects.

     A\'89rial  perspective  is  the  expression  of  space by any means
     whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc. Ruskin.

   4.  The  art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall
   seem  to  grow  smaller  as  they  recede from the eye; -- called also
   linear perspective.

   5. A drawing in linear perspective.
   Isometrical  perspective,  an  inaccurate term for a mechanical way of
   representing  objects  in  the direction of the diagonal of a cube. --
   Perspective  glass,  a  telescope  which  shows  objects  in the right
   position.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1071

                                 Perspectively

   Per*spec"tive*ly (?), adv.

   1. Optically; as through a glass. [R.]

     You see them perspectively. Shak.

   2. According to the rules of perspective.

                                Perspectograph

   Per*spec"to*graph  (?),  n. [L. perspectus (p.p. of perspicere to look
   through) + -graph.] An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a
   picture,  the  points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them
   in their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.

                                Perspectography

   Per`spec*tog"ra*phy  (?), n. The science or art of delineating objects
   according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.

                                  Perspicable

   Per"spi*ca*ble   (?),   a.   [L.   perspicabilis,   fr.   perspicere.]
   Discernible. [Obs.] Herbert.

                                 Perspicacious

   Per`spi*ca"cious  (?), a. [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to look
   through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.]

   1. Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.

   2.  Fig.:  Of acute discernment; keen. -- Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. --
   Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.

                                 Perspicacity

   Per`spi*cac"i*ty  (?),  n.  [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacit\'82.
   See  Perspicacious.]  The  state  of being perspicacious; acuteness of
   sight or of intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne.

                                  Perspicacy

   Per"spi*ca*cy (?), n. Perspicacity. [Obs.]

                                 Perspicience

   Per*spi"cience  (?),  n.  [L.  perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p.p. of
   perspicere.  See  Perspective.]  The  act  of  looking sharply. [Obs.]
   Bailey.

                                   Perspicil

   Per"spi*cil  (?),  n.  [LL.  perspicilla,  fr.  L.  perspicere to look
   through.] An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw.

                                  Perspicuity

   Per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuit\'82.]

   1.  The  quality  or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.]
   Sir T. Browne.

   2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of
   expression or thought.

   3.   Sagacity;   perspicacity.  Syn.  --  Clearness;  perspicuousness;
   plainness; distinctness; lucidity; transparency. See Clearness.

                                  Perspicuous

   Per*spic"u*ous  (?),  a.  [L.  perspicuus,  from  perspicere  to  look
   through. See Perspective.]

   1.  Capable  of  being  through; transparent; translucent; not opaque.
   [Obs.] Peacham.

   2.  Clear  to  the understanding; capable of being clearly understood;
   clear  in  thought  or  in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a
   perspicuous   writer;   perspicuous   statements.   "The   purpose  is
   perspicuous." Shak. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ness,
   n.

                                Perspirability

   Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perspirable.

                                  Perspirable

   Per*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perspirable.]

   1. Capable of being perspired. Sir T. Browne.

   2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon.

                                 Perspiration

   Per`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perspiration.]

   1. The act or process of perspiring.

   2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.

     NOTE: &hand; A  ma n of  average weight throws off through the skin
     during  24  hours  about  18  ounces  of water, 300 grains of solid
     matter,  and  400  grains  of  carbonic  acid gas. Ordinarily, this
     constant  exhalation  is  not  apparent,  and the excretion is then
     termed insensible perspiration.

                                 Perspirative

   Per*spir"a*tive   (?),   a.   Performing   the  act  of  perspiration;
   perspiratory.

                                 Perspiratory

   Per*spir"a*to*ry   (?),   a.   Of,   pertaining   to,   or  producing,
   perspiration; as, the perspiratory ducts.

                                   Perspire

   Per*spire"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp. & p. p. Perspired (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perspiring.]  [L.  perspirare  to  breathe through; per + spirare. See
   Per-, and Spirit.]

   1.  (Physiol.)  To  excrete  matter through the skin; esp., to excrete
   fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.

   2.  To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the
   skin; as, a fluid perspires.

                                   Perspire

   Per*spire",  v.  t. To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin;
   to sweat; to excrete through pores.

     Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of turpentine. Smollett.

                                 Perstreperous

   Per*strep"er*ous  (?),  a.  [L.  perstrepere  to  make a great noise.]
   Noisy; obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford.

                                  Perstringe

   Per*stringe"  (?), v. t. [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind up,
   to touch upon.]

   1. To touch; to graze; to glance on. [Obs.]

   2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn.

                                  Persuadable

   Per*suad"a*ble  (?), a. That may be persuaded. -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness,
   n. -- Per*suad"a*bly, adv.

                                   Persuade

   Per*suade"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Persuaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Persuading.]  [L.  persuadere,  persuasum;  per  +  suadere to advise,
   persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per-, and Suasion.]

   1.   To   influence  or  gain  over  by  argument,  advice,  entreaty,
   expostulation,  etc.;  to  draw  or  incline  to  a  determination  by
   presenting sufficient motives.<-- "gain over" = win over, win to one's
   side -->

     Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28.

     We will persuade him, be it possible. Shak.

   2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent]

     Hearken  not  unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you. 2 Kings xviii.
     32.

   3.  To  convince  by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from
   reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.

     Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. Heb. vi. 9.

   4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend.
   Jer.  Taylor.  Syn.  --  To  convince;  induce;  prevail on; win over;
   allure; entice. See Convince.

                                   Persuade

   Per*suade"  (?),  v.  i.  To  use  persuasion; to plead; to prevail by
   persuasion. Shak.

                                   Persuade

   Per*suade", n. Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

                                   Persuaded

   Per*suad"ed,  p.  p.  &  a.  Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or
   entreaty; convinced. -- Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. -- Per*suad"ed*ness, n.

                                   Persuader

   Per*suad"er  (?),  n. One who, or that which, persuades or influences.
   "Powerful persuaders." Milton.

                                Persuasibility

   Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being persuaded. Hawthorne.

                                  Persuasible

   Per*sua"si*ble   (?),   a.   [Cf.   L.  persuasibilis  persuasive,  F.
   persuasible persuasible.]

   1. Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.

   2.   Persuasive.   [Obs.]   Bale.   --   Per*sua"si*ble*ness,   n.  --
   Per*sua"si*bly, adv.

                                  Persuasion

   Per*sua"sion (?), n. [L. persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.]

   1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments
   or reasons offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or
   inclines the will to a determination.

     For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion. Otway.

   2.  The  state  of  being  persuaded  or convinced; settled opinion or
   conviction, which has been induced.

     If the general persuasion of all men does so account it. Hooker.

     My  firm  persuasion is, at least sometimes, That Heaven will weigh
     man's virtues and his crimes With nice attention. Cowper.

   3.  A  creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or
   system  of  opinions;  as, of the same persuasion; all persuasions are
   agreed.

     Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political. Jefferson.

   4. The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness.

     Is 't possible that my deserts to you Can lack persuasion? Shak.

   5. That which persuades; a persuasive. [R.] Syn. -- See Conviction.

                                  Persuasive

   Per*sua"sive  (?),  a. [Cf. F. persuasif.] Tending to persuade; having
   the power of persuading; as, persuasive eloquence. "Persuasive words."
   Milton.

                                  Persuasive

   Per*sua"sive,  n.  That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement;
   an exhortation. -- Per*sua"sive*ly, adv. -- Per*sua"sive*ness, n.

                                  Persuasory

   Per*sua"so*ry (?), a. Persuasive. Sir T. Browne.

                                  Persulphate

   Per*sul"phate  (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphate of the peroxide of any base.
   [R.]

                                  Persulphide

   Per*sul"phide  (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphide containing more sulphur than
   some  other  compound  of  the  same  elements;  as, iron pyrites is a
   persulphide; -- formerly called persulphuret.

                               Persulphocyanate

   Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate  (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of persulphocyanic acid.
   [R.]

                                Persulphocyanic

   Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic  (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a
   yellow   crystalline   substance  (called  also  perthiocyanic  acid),
   analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur.

                               Persulphocyanogen

   Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen  (?),  n.  (Chem.) An orange-yellow substance,
   produced  by  the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and
   sulphocyanate  of  potassium;  --  called  also  pseudosulphocyanogen,
   perthiocyanogen, and formerly sulphocyanogen.

                                 Persulphuret

   Per*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphide. [Obs.]

                                     Pert

   Pert  (?),  a.  [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true,
   free, or impudent. See Apert.]

   1. Open; evident; apert. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

   2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart. [Obs.] Shak.

   3.  Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent. "A very
   pert manner." Addison.

     The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play. Cowper.

                                     Pert

   Pert, v. i. To behave with pertness. [Obs.] Gauden.

                                    Pertain

   Per*tain"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  & p. p. Pertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pertaining.]  [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch
   out,  reach,  pertain;  per  +  tenere  to  hold,  keep. See Per-, and
   Tenable, and cf. Appertain, Pertinent.]

   1. To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something, as
   an  appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness pertains
   to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life.

     Men  hate  those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth
     not to them. Hayward.

   2. To have relation or reference to something.

     These  words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them
     at their time. Latimer.

                                Perterebration

   Per*ter`e*bra"tion  (?), n. [L. perterebratus, p.p. of perterebrare to
   bore through.] The act of boring through. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

                                Perthiocyanogen

   Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Persulphocyanogen.

                                   Perthite

   Perth"ite  (?), n. [So called from Perth, in canada.] (Min.) A kind of
   feldspar   consisting  of  a  laminated  intertexture  of  albite  and
   orthoclase, usually of different colors. -- Per*thit"ic (#), a.

                                 Pertinacious

   Per`ti*na"cious (?), a.[L. pertinax, -acis; per + tenax tenacious. See
   Per-, and Tenacious.]

   1.  Holding  or  adhering  to  any  opinion,  purpose, or design, with
   obstinacy;   perversely   persistent;   obstinate;   as,  pertinacious
   plotters; a pertinacious beggar.

   2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.

     Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study. South.

   Syn.   --   Obstinate;  stubborn;  inflexible;  unyielding;  resolute;
   determined;  firm;  constant;  steady.  -- Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv. --
   Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.

                                  Pertinacity

   Per`ti*nac"i*ty  (?), n. [Cf. F. pertinacit\'82.] The quality or state
   of being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency. Macaulay.
   Syn. -- See Obstinacy.

                                   Pertinacy

   Per"ti*na*cy  (?),  n.  [L. pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.] The
   quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence. [Obs.]

                                   Pertinacy

   Per"ti*na*cy,  n.  [L.  pertinacia,  fr.  pertinax. See Pertinacious.]
   Pertinacity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Pertinate

   Per"ti*nate (?), a. Pertinacious. [Obs.]

                                  Pertinately

   Per"ti*nate*ly, adv. Pertinaciously. [Obs.]

                            Pertinence, Pertinency

   Per"ti*nence  (?),  Per"ti*nen*cy  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  pertinence. See
   Pertinent.]  The  quality  or  state  of  being pertinent; justness of
   relation  to  the  subject  or  matter in hand; fitness; appositeness;
   relevancy; suitableness.

     The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse. Bentley.

                                   Pertinent

   Per"ti*nent  (?), a. [L. pertinens, -entis, p.pr. of pertinere: cf. F.
   pertinent. See Pertain.]

   1.  Belonging  or  related  to  the  subject or matter in hand; fit or
   appropriate  in  any  way;  adapted  to  the  end  proposed; apposite;
   material;   relevant;   as,   pertinent  illustrations  or  arguments;
   pertinent evidence.

   2.  Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining. [R.] "Pertinent unto
   faith."  Hooker.  Syn.  --  Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate;
   fit. -- Per"ti*nent*ly, adv. -- Per"ti*nent*ness, n.

                                    Pertly

   Pert"ly (?), adv. In a pert manner.

                                   Pertness

   Pert"ness, n. The quality or state of being pert.

                                 Pertransient

   Per*tran"sient  (?),  a.  [L.  pertransiens,  p.pr.  of  pertransire.]
   Passing through or over. [R.]

                                    Perturb

   Per*turb"  (?),  v.  t.  [L. perturbare, perturbatum; per + turbare to
   disturb,  fr.  turba  a  disorder:  cf.  OF.  perturber. See Per-, and
   Turbid.]

   1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.

     Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying. Chaucer.

   2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                Perturbability

   Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perturbable.

                                  Perturbable

   Per*turb"a*ble  (?),  a. Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to
   be disturbed or disquieted.

                                  Perturbance

   Per*turb"ance  (?), n. Disturbance; perturbation. [R.] "Perturbance of
   the mind." Sharp.

                                  Perturbate

   Per"tur*bate (?), v. t. [From L. perturbatus, p.p.] To perturb. [Obs.]
   Dr. H. More.

                                  Perturbate

   Per"tur*bate (?), a. Perturbed; agitated. [R.]

                                 Perturbation

   Per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.]

   1.  The  act  of  perturbing,  or  the state of being perturbed; esp.,
   agitation of mind.

   2.  (Astron.) A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of
   a  heavenly  body,  produced  by  some  force additional to that which
   causes  its  regular  motion; as, the perturbations of the planets are
   caused by their attraction on each other. Newcomb.

                                Perturbational

   Per`tur*ba"tion*al  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to
   the  perturbations of the planets. "The perturbational theory." Sir J.
   Herschel.

                                 Perturbative

   Per"tur*ba*tive (?), a. Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing. Sir
   J. Herschel.

                                  Perturbator

   Per"tur*ba`tor (?), n. A perturber. [R.]

                                   Perturbed

   Per*turbed"   (?),   a.   Agitated;   disturbed;  troubled.  Shak.  --
   Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.

                                   Perturber

   Per*turb"er  (?),  n.  One  who,  or  that  which,  perturbs, or cause
   perturbation.

                                   Pertusate

   Per*tus"ate (?), a. [See Pertuse.] (Bot.) Pierced at the apex.

                               Pertuse, Pertused

   Per*tuse"  (?), Per*tused" (?), a. [L. pertusus, p.p. of pertundere to
   beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf. F.
   pertus. Cf. Pierce.] Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.

                                   Pertusion

   Per*tu"sion  (?),  n.  [L.  pertusio.] The act of punching or piercing
   with a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a vein. [R.] Arbuthnot.

   2. A punched hole; a perforation. Bacon.

                                   Pertussis

   Per*tus"sis  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.]
   (Med.) The whooping cough.

                                    Peruke

   Per"uke  (?),  n.  [F.  perruque, It. perrucca, parrucca, fr. L. pilus
   hair. Cf. Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off, Plush, Pile a hair.] A wig;
   a periwig.

                                    Peruke

   Per"uke, v. t. To dress with a peruke. [R.]

                                    Perula

   Per"u*la  (?),  n.;  pl.  Perul\'91 (#). [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr.
   p\'82rule.]

   1. (Bot.) One of the scales of a leaf bud.

   2. (Bot.) A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.

                                    Perule

   Per"ule (?), n. Same as Perula.

                                    Perusal

   Pe*rus"al (?), n. [From Peruse.]

   1. The act of carefully viewing or examining. [R.] Tatler.

   2.  The  act  of  reading, especially of reading through or with care.
   Woodward.

                                    Peruse

   Pe*ruse"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Perused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perusing.] [Pref. per- + use.]

   1. To observe; to examine with care. [R.]

     Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed. Milton.

   2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak.

                                    Peruser

   Pe*rus"er (?), n. One who peruses.

                                   Peruvian

   Pe*ru"vi*an  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  p\'82ruvien,  Sp.  peruviano.]  Of or
   pertaining  to Peru, in South America. -- n. A native or an inhabitant
   of  Peru.  Peruvian  balsam.  See  Balsam  of  Peru,  under Balsam. --
   Peruvian  bark,  the  bitter  bark  of  trees  of  various  species of
   Cinchona.  It  acts  as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial
   diseases.  This  property  is  due  to  several alkaloids, as quinine,
   cinchonine,  etc.,  and their compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark,
   and cinchona. See Cinchona.

                                    Pervade

   Per*vade"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pervaded;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Pervading.]  [L. pervadere, pervasum; per + vadere to go, to walk. See
   Per-, and Wade.]

   1.  To  pass  or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to
   permeate.

     That labyrinth is easily pervaded. Blackstone.

   2.  To  pass  or  spread  through  the whole extent of; to be diffused
   throughout.

     A  spirit  of  cabal,  intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their
     thoughts, words, and actions. Burke.

                                   Pervasion

   Per*va"sion  (?), n. [L. pervasio. See Pervade.] The act of pervading,
   passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing. Boyle.

                                   Pervasive

   Per*va"sive  (?),  a.  Tending  to  pervade, or having power to spread
   throughout;  of  a  pervading  quality.  "Civilization  pervasive  and
   general." M. Arnold.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1072

                                   Perverse

   Per*verse" (?), a. [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p.p.
   of  pervertereto  turn  around,  to  overturn:  cf.  F.  pervers.  See
   Pervert.]

   1.  Turned  aside;  hence,  specifically,  turned away from the right;
   willfully erring; wicked; perverted.

     The only righteous in a word perverse. Milton.

   2.  Obstinate  in  the  wrong;  stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward;
   vexing; contrary.

     To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. Dryden.

   Syn.   --   Froward;   untoward;   wayward;   stubborn;  ungovernable;
   intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. -- Perverse, Froward. One who
   is  froward  is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is perverse
   has  a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of
   contradiction to the will of others.

                                   Perversed

   Per*versed" (?), a. Turned aside. [Obs.]

                                  Perversedly

   Per*vers"ed*ly (?), adv. Perversely. [Obs.]

                                  Perversely

   Per*verse"ly, adv. In a perverse manner.

                                 Perverseness

   Per*verse"ness,  n.  The  quality  or state of being perverse. "Virtue
   hath some perverseness." Donne.

                                  Perversion

   Per*ver"sion  (?),  n. [L. perversio: cf. F. perversion. See Pervert.]
   The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from
   truth  or  right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change
   to  something  worse;  a  turning  or  applying to a wrong end or use.
   "Violations and perversions of the laws." Bacon.

                                  Perversity

   Per*ver"si*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  perversitas:  cf. F. perversit\'82.] The
   quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.

                                  Perversive

   Per*ver"sive (?), a.Tending to pervert.

                                    Pervert

   Per*vert"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Perverted;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Perverting.] [F. pervertir, L. pervertere, perversum; per + vertere to
   turn. See Per-, and Verse.]

   1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.]

     Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath. Shak.

   2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right
   use,  end,  or  way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to
   misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words. Dryden.

     He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve. Milton.

                                    Pervert

   Per*vert",  v.  i. To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.]
   Testament of Love.

                                    Pervert

   Per"vert  (?),  n.  One  who has been perverted; one who has turned to
   error,  especially in religion; -- opposed to convert. See the Synonym
   of Convert.

     That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre. Thackeray.

                                   Perverter

   Per*vert"er  (?),  n.  One  who perverts (a person or thing). "His own
   parents  his  perverters."  South.  "A  perverter  of  his  law."  Bp.
   Stillingfleet.

                                  Pervertible

   Per*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being perverted.

                                 Pervestigate

   Per*ves"ti*gate  (?),  v. t. [L. pervestigatus, p.p. of pervestigare.]
   To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]

                                Pervestigation

   Per*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. pervestigatio.] Thorough investigation.
   [Obs.] Chillingworth.

                                    Pervial

   Per"vi*al  (?),  a.  [See Pervious.] Pervious. [Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly,
   adv. [Obs.] Chapman.

                                 Pervicacious

   Per`vi*ca"cious  (?),  a.  [L.  pervicax,  -acis.] Obstinate; willful;
   refractory.      [Obs.]     --     Per`vi*ca"cious*ly,     adv.     --
   Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, n. [Obs.]

                                  Pervicacity

   Per`vi*cac"i*ty (?), n. Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.] Bentley.

                                   Pervicacy

   Per"vi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. pervicacia.] Pervicacity. [Obs.]

                                 Pervigilation

   Per*vig`i*la"tion  (?), n. [L. pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.] Careful
   watching. [Obs.]

                                   Pervious

   Per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pervis; per + via a way. See Per-, and Voyage.]

   1.  Admitting  passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or
   substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil.

     [Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way. Pope.

   2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental
   vision. [R.]

     God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye. Jer. Taylor.

   3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] Prior.

   4. (Zo\'94l.) Open; -- used synonymously with perforate, as applied to
   the nostrils or birds.

                                 Perviousness

   Per"vi*ous*ness,  n.  The  quality or state of being pervious; as, the
   perviousness of glass. Boyle.

                                    Pervis

   Per"vis (?), n. See Parvis.

                                     Pery

   Per"y (?), n. A pear tree. See Pirie. [Obs.]

                                      Pes

   Pes (?), n.; pl. Pedes . [L., the foot.] (Anat.) The distal segment of
   the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.

                                    Pesade

   Pe*sade"  (?),  n. [F.] (Man.) The motion of a horse when, raising his
   fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing;
   rearing.

                                    Pesage

   Pes"age (?), n. [F., fr. peser to weigh.] A fee, or toll, paid for the
   weighing of merchandise.

                                    Pesane

   Pes"ane (?), n. (Anc. Armor.) See Pusane.

                                   Pesanted

   Pes"ant*ed  (?),  a.  [F.  pesant heavy.] Made heavy or dull; debased.
   [Obs.] "Pesanted to each lewd thought's control." Marston.

                                   Peschito

   Pe*schit"o (?), n. See Peshito.

                                     Pese

   Pese (?), n. [See Pea.] A pea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Peseta

   Pe*se"ta  (?),  n.  [Sp.] A Spanish silver coin, and money of account,
   equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.

                               Peshito, Peshitto

   Pe*shit"o  (?),  Pe*shit"to (?), n. [Syriac pesh\'8ct\'83 simple.] The
   earliest  Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew;
   also,  the  incomplete  Syriac  version of the New Testament. [Written
   also peschito.]

                                     Pesky

   Pes"ky (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Pestering; vexatious; troublesome.
   Used also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.] Judd.

                                     Peso

   Pe"so  (?),  n.  [Sp.]  A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian,
   Colombian,  etc.,  coin,  equal  to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a
   pound weight.

                                    Pessary

   Pes"sa*ry  (?),  n.; pl. Pessaries (#). [L. pessarium, pessum, pessus,
   Gr.  pessaire.]  (Med.)  (a)  An instrument or device to be introduced
   into  and  worn  in  the  vagina,  to  support the uterus, or remedy a
   malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass,
   designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.

                                   Pessimism

   Pes"si*mism (?), n. [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf. F.
   pessimisme. Cf. Impair.]

   1.  (Metaph.)  The  opinion  or  doctrine that everything in nature is
   ordered  for  or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil;
   -- opposed to optimism.

   2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.

                                   Pessimist

   Pes"si*mist (?), n. [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.]

   1.  (Metaph.)  One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed
   to optimist.

   2. One who looks on the dark side of things.

                            Pessimist, Pessimistic

   Pes"si*mist  (?), Pes`si*mis"tic (?), a. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to
   pessimism;  characterized  by  pessimism;  gloomy; foreboding. "Giving
   utterance to pessimistic doubt." Encyc. Brit.

                                 Pessimistical

   Pes`si*mis"tic*al (?), a. Pessimistic.

                                   Pessimize

   Pes"si*mize  (?), v. i. To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.
   London Sat. Rev.

                                   Pessulus

   Pes"su*lus  (?), n.; pl. Pessuli (#). [L., a bolt.] (Anat.) A delicate
   bar  of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the
   first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.

                                     Pest

   Pest (?), n. [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]

   1. A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague.

     England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest. Cowper.

   2.  Anything  which  resembles  a  pest;  one  who,  or that which, is
   troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A pest
   and public enemy." South.

                                 Pestalozzian

   Pes`ta*loz"zi*an  (?), a. Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system
   of  elementary  education  which  combined  manual training with other
   instruction,   advocated   and  practiced  by  Jean  Henri  Pestalozzi
   (1746-1827),  a  Swiss  teacher.  -- n. An advocate or follower of the
   system of Pestalozzi.

                                Pestalozzianism

   Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism  (?),  n.  The  system of education introduced by
   Pestalozzi.

                                    Pester

   Pes"ter  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pestered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pestering.]  [Abbrev. fr. impester, fr. OF. empaistrier, empestrer, to
   entangle  the  feet  or legs, to embarrass, F. emp\'88trer; pref. em-,
   en- (L. in in) + LL. pastorium, pastoria, a fetter by which horses are
   prevented  from  wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging
   to  a  herdsman  or  shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In, and Pasture,
   Pastor.]

   1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations.

     We are pestered with mice and rats. Dr. H. More.

     A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world. Dryden.

   2.  To  crowd  together  in  an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest.
   [Obs.] Milton.

     All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes. Holland.

                                   Pesterer

   Pes"ter*er (?), n. One who pesters or harasses.

                                  Pesterment

   Pes"ter*ment  (?),  n.  The  act  of  pestering, or the state of being
   pestered;  vexation;  worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children."
   B. Franklin.

                                   Pesterous

   Pes"ter*ous  (?),  a.Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering;
   burdensome. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                    Pestful

   Pest"ful   (?),  a.  Pestiferous.  "After  long  and  pestful  calms."
   Coleridge.

                                   Pesthouse

   Pest`house"  (?),  n. A house or hospital for persons who are infected
   with any pestilential disease.

                                   Pestiduct

   Pes"ti*duct  (?), n. [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere to
   lead.] That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.] Donne.

                                  Pestiferous

   Pes*tif"er*ous  (?),  a. [L. pestiferus, pestifer; pestis pest + ferre
   to bear: cf. F. pestif\'8are.]

   1.   Pest-bearing;   pestilential;   noxious   to  health;  malignant;
   infectious;  contagious;  as,  pestiferous  bodies. "Poor, pestiferous
   creatures   begging   alms."   Evelyn.  "Unwholesome  and  pestiferous
   occupations." Burke.

   2.  Noxious  to  peace,  to  morals,  or to society; vicious; hurtful;
   destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue.

     Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held. Shak.

                                 Pestiferously

   Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. In a pestiferuos manner.

                                  Pestilence

   Pes"ti*lence (?), n. [F. pestilence, L. pestilentia. See Pestilent.]

   1.   Specifically,  the  disease  known  as  the  plague;  hence,  any
   contagious  or  infectious  epidemic  disease  that  is  virulent  and
   devastating.

     The pestilence That walketh in darkness. Ps. xci. 6.

   2.  Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral
   character of great numbers.

     I'll pour this pestilence into his ear. Shak.

   Pestilence  weed (Bot.), the butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris),
   so  called  because  formerly  considered a remedy for the plague. Dr.
   Prior.

                                   Pestilent

   Pes"ti*lent  (?),  a.  [L.  pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis pest: cf. F.
   pestilent.]  Pestilential;  noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt
   and pestilent." Milton. "What a pestilent knave is this same!" Shak.

                                 Pestilential

   Pes`ti*len"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. pestilentiel.]

   1.  Having  the  nature  or  qualities  of  a  pestilence.  "Sends the
   pestilential vapors." Longfellow.

   2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive.

     So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin. Jer. Taylor.

                                Pestilentially

   Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv. Pestilently.

                                 Pestilentious

   Pes`ti*len"tious (?), a. Pestilential. [Obs.]

                                  Pestilently

   Pes"ti*lent*ly   (?),  adv.  In  a  pestilent  manner;  mischievously;
   destructively. "Above all measure pestilently noisome." Dr. H. More.

                                 Pestilentness

   Pes"ti*lent*ness, n. The quality of being pestilent.

                                  Pestilation

   Pes`ti*la"tion  (?), n. [LL. pestillum, L. pistillum. See Pestle.] The
   act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar. Sir T. Browne.

                                    Pestle

   Pes"tle  (?), n. [OE. pestel, OF. pestel, LL. pestellum, L. pistillum,
   pistillus,  a  pounder,  pestle, fr. pisere, pinsere, to pound, crush,
   akin to Gr. pish. Cf. Pistil.]

   1.  An  implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a
   mortar.

   2.  A  constable's  or  bailiff's  staff; -- so called from its shape.
   [Obs.] Chapman.

   3.  The  leg  and  leg  bone  of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a
   pestle of pork.

                                    Pestle

   Pes"tle  (?),  v.  t.  & i. [imp. & p. p. Pestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pestling  (?).] To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as
   with a pestle; to use a pestle.

                                      Pet

   Pet  (?),  n.  [Formerly  peat,  perhaps  from Ir. peat, akin to Gael.
   peata.]

   1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.

   2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling;
   a darling; often, a favorite child.

     The love of cronies, pets, and favorites. Tatler.

   3.  [Prob.  fr.  Pet  a  fondling,  hence,  the behavior or humor of a
   spoiled  child.] A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. "In a pet
   she started up." Tennyson.

                                      Pet

   Pet,  a.  Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet
   lamb; a pet theory.

     Some young lady's pet curate. F. Harrison.

   Pet  cock.  [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a water
   pipe  or  pump,  to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to
   drain it.<-- also petcock -->

                                      Pet

   Pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n. Petting.] To treat as
   a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted and spoiled.

                                      Pet

   Pet, v. i. To be a pet. Feltham.

                                     Petal

   Pet"al (?), n. [Gr. p\'82tale. See Fathom.]

   1. (Bot.) One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a
   flower. See Corolla, and Illust. of Flower.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on
   the black of certain Echini.

                                    Petaled

   Pet"aled  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Having  petals;  as,  a petaled flower; --
   opposed  to  apetalous,  and  much used in compounds; as, one-petaled,
   three-petaled, etc.

                                 Petaliferous

   Pet`al*if"er*ous (?), a. [Petal + -ferous.] Bearing petals.

                                  Petaliform

   Pe*tal"i*form  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Having the form of a petal; petaloid;
   petal-shaped.

                                   Petaline

   Pet"al*ine  (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82talin.] (Bot.) Pertaining to a petal;
   attached to, or resembling, a petal.

                                   Petalism

   Pet"al*ism (?), n. [Gr. p\'82talisme.] (Gr. Antiq.) A form of sentence
   among  the  ancient Syracusans by which they banished for five years a
   citizen  suspected  of  having dangerous influence or ambition. It was
   similar to the ostracism in Athens; but olive leaves were used instead
   of shells for ballots.

                                   Petalite

   Pet"al*ite  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  p\'82talite.]  (Min.)  A rare mineral,
   occurring  crystallized  and  in  cleavable  masses, usually white, or
   nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia.

                                   Petalody

   Pe*tal"o*dy  (?),  n. [Petal + Gr. (Bot.) The metamorphosis of various
   floral organs, usually stamens, into petals.

                                   Petaloid

   Pet"al*oid  (?),  a.  [Petal  +  -oid: cf. F. p\'82talo\'8bde.] (Bot.)
   Petaline.

                                 Petaloideous

   Pet`al*oid"e*ous  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Having  the  whole  or part of the
   perianth  petaline. Petaloideous division, that division of endogenous
   plants  in  which the perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing
   the Liliace\'91, Orchidace\'91, Amaryllide\'91, etc.

                                 Petalosticha

   Pet`a*los"ti*cha  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   Echini,  including  the irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See
   Spatangoid.

                                   Petalous

   Pet"al*ous (?), a. Having petals; petaled; -- opposed to apetalous.

                                    Petalum

   Pet"a*lum (?), n.; pl. Petala (#). [NL.] A petal.

                                     Petar

   Pe*tar" (?), n. See Petard. [Obs.] "Hoist with his own petar." Shak.

                                    Petard

   Pe*tard"  (?), n. [F. p\'82tard, fr. p\'82ter to break wind, to crack,
   to explode, L. pedere, peditum.] (Mil.) A case containing powder to be
   exploded,  esp.  a  conical  or  cylindrical case of metal filled with
   powder  and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down
   gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.

                             Petardeer, Petardier

   Pet`ar*deer",  Pet`ar*dier"  (?), n. [F. p\'82tardier.] (Mil.) One who
   managed a petard.

                                    Petasus

   Pet"a*sus  (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) The winged cap of
   Mercury;  also,  a  broad-brimmed,  low-crowned hat worn by Greeks and
   Romans.

                                   Petaurist

   Pe*tau"rist  (?),  n. [L. petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. p\'82tauriste.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  Any  flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus, Phalangista,
   Acrobata,  and  allied  genera.  See  Flying  mouse, under Flying, and
   Phalangister.

                                  Petechi\'91

   Pe*tech"i*\'91  (?), n. pl.; sing. Petechia (. [NL., fr. LL. peteccia;
   cf.  F.  p\'82t\'82chie, It. petecchia, Sp. petequia, Gr. (Med.) Small
   crimson, purple, or livid spots, like flea-bites, due to extravasation
   of blood, which appear on the skin in malignant fevers, etc.

                                   Petechial

   Pe*tech"i*al  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  p\'82t\'82chial,  LL. petecchialis.]
   (Med.)  Characterized  by,  or  pertaining  to,  petechi\'91; spotted.
   Petechial  fever,  a  malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on
   the skin.

                                     Peter

   Pe"ter  (?),  n. A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of
   the  apostles,  Peter  boat,  a  fishing  boat,  sharp  at  both ends,
   originally  of  the  Baltic  Sea,  but  now  common in certain English
   rivers.  -- Peter Funk, the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.]
   --  Peter  pence,  OR  Peter's  pence.  (a)  An annual tax or tribute,
   formerly  paid  by  the  English people to the pope, being a penny for
   every  house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also Rome
   scot,  and hearth money. (b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution
   made  by  Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope. -- Peter's
   fish  (Zo\'94l.), a haddock; -- so called because the black spots, one
   on  each  side,  behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been
   caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the
   tribute.  The  name  is  applied, also, to other fishes having similar
   spots.
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   Page 1073

                                     Peter

   Pet"er  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Petered  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Petering.]  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  To become exhausted; to run out; to
   fail;  --  used  generally  with  out;  as, that mine has petered out.
   [Slang, U.S.]

                                    Peterel

   Pet"er*el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Petrel.

                                   Peterero

   Pet`e*re"ro (?), n. (Mil.) See Pederero.

                                   Peterman

   Pe"ter*man  (?),  n.;  pl. Petermen (. A fisherman; -- so called after
   the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term in Eng.] Chapman.

                                   Petersham

   Pe"ter*sham  (?),  n.  [Named  after Lord Petersham.] A rough, knotted
   woolen  cloth,  used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that
   material.

                                   Peterwort

   Pe"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Saint Peter's-wort, under Saint.

                              Petiolar, Petiolary

   Pet"i*o*lar  (?), Pet"i*o*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82tiolarie.] (Bot.)
   Of  or  pertaining  to  petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a petiolar
   tendril;  growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a
   petiolar bud.

                             Petiolate, Petiolated

   Pet"i*o*late  (?),  Pet"i*o*la`ted  (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having a
   stalk  or  petiole;  as,  a petioleate leaf; the petiolated abdomen of
   certain Hymenoptera.

                                    Petiole

   Pet"i*ole  (?),  n.  [F.  p\'82tiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot, a
   fruit stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a foot.]

   1.  (Bot.)  A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade
   with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A stalk or peduncle.

                                   Petioled

   Pet"i*oled (?), a. Petiolate.

                                  Petiolulate

   Pet`i*ol"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Supported by its own petiolule. Gray.

                                   Petiolule

   Pet"i*o*lule (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82tiolule.] (Bot.) A small petiole, or
   the petiole of a leaflet.

                                     Petit

   Pet"it  (?), a. [F. See Petty.] Small; little; insignificant; mean; --
   Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal language.]

     By  what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold of and recover
     a vanishing notion. South.

   Petit  constable,  an  inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high
   constable.  --  Petit  jury,  a  jury  of twelve men, impaneled to try
   causes  at  the  bar  of a court; -- so called in distinction from the
   grand  jury.  --  Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of, or under, a
   certain  specified  small  value;  --  opposed  to  grand larceny. The
   distinction  is abolished in England. -- Petit ma\'8ctre (. [F., lit.,
   little  master.]  A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man. Goldsmith. -- Petit
   serjeanty (Eng. Law), the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service
   of  rendering  annually  some  implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a
   sword,  a flag, etc. -- Petit treason, formerly, in England, the crime
   of  killing  a person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as
   one's   husband,   master,   mistress,  etc.  The  crime  is  now  not
   distinguished from murder.

                                   Petition

   Pe*ti"tion  (?),  n. [F. p\'82tition, L. petitio, fr. petere, petitum,
   to beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. feather, or find.]

   1.  A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially,
   a  request  of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being,
   or  to  a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single
   clause in such a prayer.

     A house of prayer and petition for thy people. 1 Macc. vii. 37.

     This last petition heard of all her prayer. Dryden.

   2.  A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an
   organized  body,  having  power  to  grant  it;  specifically (Law), a
   supplication  to  government,  in  either  of  its  branches,  for the
   granting  of  a  particular  grace  or right; -- in distinction from a
   memorial,  which  calls  certain  facts  to  mind;  also,  the written
   document.
   Petition   of   right  (Law),  a  petition  to  obtain  possession  or
   restitution  of  property,  either  real  or personal, from the Crown,
   which  suggests  such  a  title as controverts the title of the Crown,
   grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W. -- The
   Petition  of  Right (Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration of the
   rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.

                                   Petition

   Pe*ti"tion,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Petitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Petitioning.] To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit;
   to  entreat;  especially,  to  make  a formal written supplication, or
   application  to,  as  to any branch of the government; as, to petition
   the court; to petition the governor.

     You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. Shak.

                                   Petition

   Pe*ti"tion, v. i. To make a petition or solicitation.

                                 Petitionarily

   Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly  (?),  adv.  By  way of begging the question; by an
   assumption. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Petitionary

   Pe*ti"tion*a*ry (?), a.

   1. Supplicatory; making a petition.

     Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen. Shak.

   2.  Containing  a  petition;  of  the  nature  of  a  petition;  as, a
   petitionary epistle. Swift.

                                  Petitionee

   Pe*ti`tion*ee"  (?), n. A person cited to answer, or defend against, a
   petition.

                                  Petitioner

   Pe*ti"tion*er (?), n. One who presents a petition.

                                  Petitioning

   Pe*ti"tion*ing, n. The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.

                                    Petitor

   Pet"i*tor  (?),  n. [L., fr. petere to seek.] One who seeks or asks; a
   seeker; an applicant. [R.] Fuller.

                                   Petitory

   Pet"i*to*ry  (?), a. [L. petitorius, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask:
   cf.  F.  p\'82titore.]  Petitioning;  soliciting; supplicating. Sir W.
   Hamilton. Petitory suit OR action (Admiralty Law), a suit in which the
   mere  title  to  property  is  litigated and sought to be enforced, as
   distinguished from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a suit wherein
   the plaintiff claims something as due him by the defendant. Burrill.
   
                                    Petong
                                       
   Pe*tong" (?), n. (Metal.) See Packfong. 

                                   Petralogy

   Pe*tral"o*gy (?), n. See Petrology.

                                    Petrary

   Pet"ra*ry (?), n. [L. petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E. Pederero.]
   An ancient war engine for hurling stones.

                                    Petrean

   Pe*tre"an (?), a. [L. petraeus, Gr. Of or pertaining to to rock. G. S.
   Faber.

                                     Petre

   Pe"tre (?), n. See Saltpeter.

                                    Petrel

   Pe"trel  (?),  n.  [F. p\'82trel; a dim. of the name Peter, L. Petrus,
   Gr.  John  i.42);  --  probably  so  called  in allusion to St.Peter's
   walking  on  the  sea.  See  Petrify.]  (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
   species   of   longwinged   sea   birds   belonging   to   the  family
   Procellarid\'91. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong
   to  Oceanites,  Oceanodroma,  Procellaria,  and several allied genera.
   Diving  petrel,  any  bird  of  the  genus  Pelecanoides. They chiefly
   inhabit  the  southern hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See
   Fulmar. -- Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. -- Pintado
   petrel,  any  one  of  several  small  petrels, especially Procellaria
   pelagica,  or  Mother  Carey's  chicken,  common  on both sides of the
   Atlantic.

                                  Petrescence

   Pe*tres"cence   (?),   n.   The   process   of  changing  into  stone;
   petrification.

                                  Petrescent

   Pe*tres"cent (?), a. [L. petra rock, stone, Gr. Petrifying; converting
   into stone; as, petrescent water. Boyle.

                                 Petrifaction

   Pet`ri*fac"tion (?), n. [See Petrify.]

   1.  The  process  of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of
   any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of
   stony hardness.

   2. The state or condition of being petrified.

   3.  That  which  is  petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony
   matter; an incrustation.

   4.  Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. "Petrifaction of the soul."
   Cudworth.

                                 Petrifactive

   Pet`ri*fac"tive (?), a.

   1.  Having  the  quality  of  converting  organic  matter  into stone;
   petrifying.

   2. Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction.

     The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard bodies. Sir T. Browne.

                                   Petrific

   Pe*trif"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82trifique.] Petrifying; petrifactive.

     Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry. Milton.

                                  Petrificate

   Pet"ri*fi*cate (?), v. t. To petrify. [Obs.]

     Our hearts petrificated were. J. Hall (1646).

                                 Petrification

   Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'82trification. See Petrify.]

   1. See Petrifaction.

   2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness. Hallywell.

                                    Petrify

   Pet"ri*fy  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Petrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Petrifying  (?).]  [L.  petra  rock, Gr. -fy: cf. F. p\'82trifier. Cf.
   Parrot, Petrel, Pier.]

   1.  To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony
   substance.

     A river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves. Kirwan.

   2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform;
   as  by  petrifaction;  as,  to  petrify  the heart. Young. "Petrifying
   accuracy." Sir W. Scott.

     And petrify a genius to a dunce. Pope.

     The  poor,  petrified  journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was
     doing. De Quincey.

     A  hideous  fatalism,  which  ought,  logically,  to  petrify  your
     volition. G. Eliot.

                                    Petrify

   Pet"ri*fy, v. i.

   1.  To  become  stone,  or  of  a stony hardness, as organic matter by
   calcareous deposits.

   2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.

     Like Niobe we marble grow, And petrify with grief. Dryden.

                                    Petrine

   Pe"trine  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  St.Peter;  as, the Petrine
   Epistles.

                                    Petro-

   Pet"ro-  (?).  A  combining  form from Gr. rock, stone; as, petrology,
   petroglyphic.

                                   Petrogale

   Pe*trog"a*le  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any Australian kangaroo
   of the genus Petrogale, as the rock wallaby (P. penicillata).

                                 Petroglyphic

   Pet`ro*glyph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.

                                  Petroglyphy

   Pe*trog"ly*phy  (?),  n.  [Petro + Gr. The art or operation of carving
   figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.

                         Petrographic, Petrographical

   Pet`ro*graph"ic   (?),   Pet`ro*graph"ic*al   (?),  a.  Pertaining  to
   petrography.

                                  Petrography

   Pe*trog"ra*phy (?), n. [Petro + -graphy.]

   1. The art of writing on stone.

   2.  The  scientific  description  of rocks; that department of science
   which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.

                                  Petrohyoid

   Pet`ro*hy"oid  (?), a. [Petro + hyoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to petrous,
   oe  periotic,  portion  of  the  skull  and  the  hyoid  arch; as, the
   petrohyoid muscles of the frog.

                                    Petrol

   Pe*trol" (?), n. Petroleum. [R.]

                                  Petrolatum

   Pet`ro*la"tum (?), n. (Chem. & Pharm.) A semisolid unctuous substance,
   neutral,  and  without  taste  or  odor,  derived  from  petroleum  by
   distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a
   yellowish,  fatlike  mass,  transparent  in  thin layers, and somewhat
   fluorescent.  It  is  used  as  a  bland protective dressing, and as a
   substitute for fatty materials in ointments. U. S. Pharm.

     NOTE: &hand; Pe trolatum is  th e of ficial na me fo r the purified
     product. Cosmoline and vaseline are commercial names for substances
     essentially  the  same,  but  differing  slightly in appearance and
     consistency or fusibility.

                                   Petroleum

   Pe*tro"le*um  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F.
   p\'82trole.  Cf.  Petrify, and Oil.] Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural
   oil,  a  dark  brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain
   points,  exists  in  the  upper strata of the earth, from whence it is
   pumped,  or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of
   a  complex  mixture  of  various  hydrocarbons, largely of the methane
   series,  but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties.
   It  is  refined  by  distillation,  and the products include kerosene,
   benzine,  gasoline, paraffin, etc. Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid
   obtained  in  the  distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of
   170\'f8  Fahr.,  or  below.  The  term  is rather loosely applied to a
   considerable  range  of  products,  including benzine and ligroin. The
   terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are sometimes applied to the still
   more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.
   
                       P\'82troleur, n. m. P\'82troleuse
                                       
   P\'82`tro`leur"  (?),  n.  m.  P\'82`tro`leuse" (?), n. f.[F.] One who
   makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.
   
                                   Petroline
                                       
   Pet"ro*line  (?),  n.  (Chem.) A paraffin obtained from petroleum from
   Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.
   
                           Petrologic, Petrological
                                       
   Pet`ro*log"ic  (?),  Pet`ro*log"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining to
   petrology. 

                                Petrologically

   Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv. According to petrology.

                                  Petrologist

   Pe*trol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in petrology.

                                   Petrology

   Pe*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Petro + -logy.]

   1. The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical
   and  chemical  composition  of  rocks,  and with their classification:
   lithology.

   2. A treatise on petrology.

                                 Petromastoid

   Pet`ro*mas"toid (?), a. [Petro + mastoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
   the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.

                                  Petromyzont

   Pet`ro*my"zont (?), n. [Petro + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A lamprey.

                                   Petronel

   Pet`ro*nel  (?),  n. [OF. petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine, the breast,
   F.  poitrine;  so  called  because it was placed against the breast in
   order  to  fire.  See  Poitrel.]  A  sort  of hand cannon, or portable
   firearm, used in France in the 15th century.

                                   Petrosal

   Pe*tro"sal  (?),  a.  [See Petrous.] (Anat.) (a) Hard; stony; petrous;
   as,  the  petrosal  bone;  petrosal part of the temporal bone. (b) Of,
   pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or
   the  corresponding part of the temporal bone. Petrosal bone (Anat.), a
   bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man;
   or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.

                                   Petrosal

   Pe*tro"sal,  n. (Anat.) (a) A petrosal bone. (b) The auditory capsule.
   Owen.

                                  Petrosilex

   Pet`ro*si"lex (?), n. [Petro + silex.] (Min.) Felsite.

                                Petrosilicious

   Pet`ro*si*li"cious (?), a. Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.

                                 Petrostearine

   Pet`ro*ste"a*rine  (?),  n.  [Petro  +  stearine.]  A  solid  unctuous
   material, of which candles are made.

                                    Petrous

   Pe"trous (?), a. [L. petrosus, fr. petra a stone.]

   1.  Like  stone;  hard;  stony;  rocky;  as,  the  petrous part of the
   temporal bone. Hooper.

   2. (Anat.) Same as Petrosal.

                                  Pettichaps

   Pet"ti*chaps (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pettychaps.

                                   Petticoat

   Pet"ti*coat  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) [Petty + coat.] A loose under-garment
   worn  by  women,  and  covering  the  body  below the waist. Petticoat
   government,  government  by  women,  whether  in  politics or domestic
   affairs.  [Colloq.]  -- Petticoat pipe (Locomotives), a short, flaring
   pipe  surrounding  the  blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the
   draft.

                                   Pettifog

   Pet"ti*fog  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pettifogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pettifogging  (?).]  [Petty + fog to pettifog.] To do a petty business
   as  a  lawyer;  also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way. "He
   takes no money, but pettifogs gratis." S. Butler.

                                   Pettifog

   Pet"ti*fog,  v.  t. To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily;
   as, to pettifog a claim. [Colloq.]

                                  Pettifogger

   Pet"ti*fog`ger  (?), n. A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney
   whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer.

     A pettifogger was lord chancellor. Macaulay.

                                 Pettifoggery

   Pet"ti*fog`ger*y  (?),  n.;  pl.  -ies  (.  The  practice or arts of a
   pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.

     Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries. Barrow.

                                 Pettifogging

   Pet"ti*fog`ging (?), a. Paltry; quibbling; mean.

                                 Pettifogging

   Pet"ti*fog`ging, n. Pettifoggery.

                                 Pettifogulize

   Pet`ti*fog"u*lize  (?),  v.  i.  To  act  as  a  pettifogger;  to  use
   contemptible tricks. De Quincey.

                                    Pettily

   Pet"ti*ly, adv. In a petty manner; frivolously.

                                   Pettiness

   Pet"ti*ness,  n.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  petty or paltry;
   littleness; meanness.

                                    Pettish

   Pet"tish  (?),  a.  [From  Pet.]  Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious;
   inclined  to  ill  temper.  "A  pettish  kind  of  humor."  Sterne. --
   Pet"tish*ly, adv. -- Pet"tish*ness, n.

                                   Pettitoes

   Pet"ti*toes  (?), n. pl. [Petty + toes.] The toes or feet of a pig, --
   often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet. Shak.

                                     Petto

   Pet"to  (?),  n.  [It.,  fr.  L. pectus.] The breast. In petto, in the
   breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.

                                     Petty

   Pet"ty (?), a. [Compar. Pettier (?); superl. Pettiest.] [OE. petit, F.
   petit;  probably  of  Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.]
   Little;  trifling;  inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a
   petty fault; a petty prince. Denham.

     Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all. Milton.

   Petty  averages.  See  under Average. -- Petty cash, money expended or
   received  in small items or amounts. -- Petty officer, a subofficer in
   the  navy,  as  a  gunner,  etc.,  corresponding to a noncommissionned
   officer in the army.

     NOTE: &hand; Fo r petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty
     treason, See Petit.

   Syn.   --  Little;  diminutive;  inconsiderable;  inferior;  trifling;
   trivial; unimportant; frivolous.
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   Page 1074

                                  Pettychaps

   Pet"ty*chaps  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small
   European  singing  birds  of  the subfamily Sylviin\'91, as the willow
   warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler (Sylvia hortensis).

                                   Pettywhin

   Pet"ty*whin (?), n. [Petty + whin.] (Bot.) The needle furze. See under
   Needle.

                             Petulance, Petulancy

   Pet"u*lance   (?),   Pet"u*lan*cy   (?),  n.  [L.  petulania:  cf.  F.
   p\'82tulance.  See  Petulant.] The quality or state of being petulant;
   temporary   peevishness;   pettishness;  capricious  ill  humor.  "The
   petulancy of our words." B. Jonson.

     Like pride in some, and like petulance in others. Clarendon.

     The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown. Cowper.

   Syn.  -- Petulance, Peevishness. -- Peevishness implies the permanence
   of  a  sour, fretful temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious
   irritation.

                                   Petulant

   Pet"u*lant  (?), a. [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight attacks
   upon,  from  a  lost  dim.  of  petere to fall upon, to attack: cf. F.
   p\'82tulant. See Petition.]

   1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.] Burton.

   2.  Capriciously  fretful;  characterized by ill-natured freakishness;
   irritable. "Petulant moods." Macaulay. Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored;
   peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.

                                  Petulantly

   Pet"u*lant*ly, adv. In a petulant manner.

                                   Petulcity

   Pe*tul"ci*ty  (?),  n. [See Petulcous.] Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.]
   Bp. Hall.

                                   Petulcous

   Pe*tul"cous  (?),  a.  [L.  petulcus.  Cf.  Petulant.] Wanton; frisky;
   lustful. [Obs.] J. V. Cane.

                                    Petunia

   Pe*tu"ni*a  (?),  n. [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.) A genus of
   solanaceous  herbs  with  funnelform  or  salver-shaped  corollas. Two
   species  are  common  in  cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish
   purple  flowers,  and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are
   also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.

                          Petunse, Petuntse, Petuntze

   Pe*tunse",  Pe*tuntse",  Pe*tuntze"  (?),  n. [From Chinese.] Powdered
   fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.

                                Petworth marble

   Pet"worth mar"ble (?). A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden
   clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; -- called also Sussex marble.

                                    Petzite

   Petz"ite  (?),  n. [From Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A telluride of
   silver and gold, related to hessite.

                                  Peucedanin

   Peu*ced"a*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance,
   extracted  from  the roots of the sulphurwort (Peucedanum), masterwort
   (Imperatoria), and other related plants; -- called also imperatorin.

                                    Peucil

   Peu"cil (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by
   treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime. [Written also peucyl.]

                                      Pew

   Pew  (?),  n. [OE. pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L.
   podium  an  elevated  place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in
   the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr.
   Foot, and cf. Podium, Poy.]

   1.  One  of  the  compartments  in a church which are separated by low
   partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; --
   sometimes  called  slip. Pews were originally made square, but are now
   usually long and narrow.

   2.  Any  structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used
   by  money  lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.]
   Pepys. Milton.
   Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens.

                                      Pew

   Pew, v. t. To furnish with pews. [R.] Ash.

                                     Pewee

   Pe"wee (?), n. [So called from its note.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.) A common American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis ph\'d2be,
   or S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and ph\'d2be.

   2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.]
   Wood  pewee  (Zo\'94l.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee
   (See Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.

                                     Pewet

   Pe"wet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pewit.

                                   Pewfellow

   Pew"fel`low (?), n.

   1. One who occupies the same pew with another.

   2. An intimate associate; a companion. Shak.

                                     Pewit

   Pe"wit  (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D. kievit,
   G. kibitz.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lapwing. (b) The European black-headed,
   or  laughing,  gull  (Xema  ridibundus).  See  under Laughing. (c) The
   pewee. [Written also peevit, peewit, pewet.]

                                    Pewter

   Pew"ter  (?),  n.  [OE.  pewtyr,  OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D.
   peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum.
   Cf. Spelter.]

   1.  A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of
   tin  with  a  little  lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of
   copper, antimony, or bismuth.

   2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking
   vessels, tankards, pots.

     NOTE: &hand; Pe wter wa s formerly much used for domestic utensils.
     Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.

                                   Pewterer

   Pew"ter*er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter;
   a pewtersmith. Shak.

                                    Pewtery

   Pew"ter*y  (?),  a. Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery
   taste.

                                    Pexity

   Pex"i*ty (?), n. [L. pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of pectere
   to comb.] Nap of cloth. [Obs.]

                                Peyer's glands

   Pey"er's glands` (?). [So called from J.K.Peyer, who described them in
   1677.] (Anat.) Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small
   intestiness;  agminated  glands;  --  called  also Peyer's patches. In
   typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the
   characteristic organic lesion of that disease.

                                    Peytrel

   Pey"trel  (?),  n.  [OF.  peitral.  See  Poitrel.]  (Anc.  Armor)  The
   breastplate  of  a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also peitrel.] See
   Poitrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Peziza

   Pe*zi"za (?), n. [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, fr.
   Gr.  (Bot.) A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some
   of  which  are  remarkable  for  their  regular  cuplike form and deep
   colors.

                                   Pezizoid

   Pez"i*zoid  (?), a. [Peziza + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the
   genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.

                                    Pfennig

   Pfen"nig (?), n.; pl. Pfennigs (#), G. Pfennige (#). [G. See Penny.] A
   small  copper  coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or
   about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.

                                   Phacellus

   Pha*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Phacelli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of
   the  filaments  on  the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain
   jellyfishes.

                                  Phacochere

   Phac"o*chere (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The wart hog.

                                    Phacoid

   Pha"coid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling a lentil; lenticular.

                                   Phacolite

   Phac"o*lite  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -lite.]  (Min.)  A  colorless  variety of
   chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.

                                    Phacops

   Pha"cops  (?),  n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of trilobites found
   in  the  Silurian  and Devonian formations. Phacops bufo is one of the
   most common species.

                                  Ph\'91acian

   Ph\'91*a"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Ph\'91acians, a fabulous
   seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned
   by Homer.

                                  Ph\'91nogam

   Ph\'91"no*gam (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the class Ph\'91nogamia.

                                 Ph\'91nogamia

   Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*a  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. (Bot.) The class of flowering
   plants  including  all  which  have  true flowers with distinct floral
   organs; phanerogamia.

                         Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic

   Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*an    (?),    Ph\'91`no*gam"ic   (?),   a.   Same   as
   Ph\'91nogamous.

                                Ph\'91nogamous

   Ph\'91*nog"a*mous  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Having  true  flowers  with  with
   distinct floral organs; flowering.

                                 Ph\'91nomenon

   Ph\'91*nom"e*non (?), n. [L.] See Phenomenon.

                                 Ph\'91ospore

   Ph\'91"o*spore  (?),  n.  [Gr.  spore.] (Bot.) A brownish zo\'94spore,
   characteristic  of  an  order  (Ph\'91ospore\'91)  of  dark  green  or
   olive-colored alg\'91. -- Ph\'91`o*spor"ic (#), a.

                                  Pha\'89thon

   Pha"\'89*thon (?), n. [L., Pha\'89thon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. Phantom.]

   1.  (Class.  Myth.) The son of Helios (Ph\'d2bus), that is, the son of
   light,  or  of  the  sun.  He is fabled to have obtained permission to
   drive  the  chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would
   have  set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt
   by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.

                                  Pha\'89ton

   Pha"\'89*ton   (?),   n.  [F.  pha\'82ton  a  kind  of  carriage,  fr.
   Pha\'82thon Pha\'89thon, the son of Helios. See Pha\'89thon.]

   1. A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no
   side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.

   2. See Pha\'89thon.

   3.   (Zo\'94l.)   A   handsome   American  butterfly  (Euphydryas,  OR
   Melit\'91a,  Pha\'89ton).  The  upper side of the wings is black, with
   orange-red   spots   and  marginal  crescents,  and  several  rows  of
   cream-colored spots; -- called also Baltimore.

                                   Phagedena

   Phag`e*de"na (?), n. [L. phagedaena, Gr. (Med.) (a) A canine appetite;
   bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading, obstinate ulceration.

                           Phagedenic, PhagedenicAL

   Phag`e*den"ic  (?),  Phag`e*den"ic*AL  (?),  a. [L. phagedaenicus, Gr.
   phag\'82d\'82nique.]  (Med.)  Of,  like,  or pertaining to, phagedena;
   used  in  the  treatment  of  phagedena;  as,  a  phagedenic  ulcer or
   medicine. -- n. A phagedenic medicine.

                                  Phagedenous

   Phag`e*de"nous (?), a. (Med.) Phagedenic.

                                   Phagocyte

   Phag"o*cyte  (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A leucocyte which plays a part in
   retrogressive  processes  by  taking  up (eating), in the form of fine
   granules, the parts to be removed.

                                  Phainopepla

   Pha*i`no*pep"la  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.) A small crested
   passerine  bird  (Pha\'8bnopepla  nitens),  native  of  Mexico and the
   Southern  United  States.  The  adult  male  is  of  a  uniform glossy
   blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black flycatcher.

                                  Phakoscope

   Phak"o*scope  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -scope.]  (Physiol.)  An  instrument for
   studying the mechanism of accommodation.

                                  Phal\'91na

   Pha*l\'91"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A linn\'91an genus which
   included the moths in general.

                                  Phal\'91nid

   Pha*l\'91"nid   (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  moth  of  the  family
   Phal\'91nid\'91, of which the cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.

                             Phalangeal, Phalangal

   Pha*lan"ge*al  (?),  Pha*lan"gal  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to the
   phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.

                                   Phalanger

   Pha*lan"ger  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. phalanger. See Phalanx.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
   marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and other genera
   of  the family Phalangistid\'91. They are arboreal, and the species of
   Petaurus  are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying phalanger,
   under Flying.

                                   Phalanges

   Pha*lan"ges (?), n., pl. of Phalanx.

                            Phalangial, Phalangian

   Pha*lan"gi*al (?), Pha*lan"gi*an (?), a. (Anat.) Phalangeal.

                                   Phalangid

   Pha*lan"gid  (?),  n.;  pl.  Phalangides  (.  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the
   Phalangoidea.

                                  Phalangious

   Pha*lan"gi*ous  (?),  a. [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr.
   Phalanx.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.

                                  Phalangist

   Pha*lan"gist  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal marsupial of the genus
   Phalangista.  The  vulpine  phalangist  (P.  vulpina)  is  the largest
   species,  the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It
   has  a large bushy tail. <-- Spanish history -- member of the Phalange
   -->

                          Phalangister, Phalangistine

   Phal`an*gis"ter  (?),  Phal`an*gis"tine  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Same as
   Phalangist.

                                  Phalangite

   Phal"an*gite  (?),  n.  [Gr.  phalangite.]  A  soldier  belonging to a
   phalanx. [Obs.]

                                 Phalangoidea

   Phal`an*goi"de*a  (?), n. pl. [NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs
   (see   Phalangious)  +  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  division  of  Arachnoidea,
   including  the  daddy  longlegs  or  harvestman  (Phalangium) and many
   similar  kinds.  They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a
   rounded,   segmented  abdomen;  and  chelate  jaws.  They  breathe  by
   trache\'91.  Called  also  Phalangides,  Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and
   Opilionea.

                                Phalanst\'82re

   Pha`lan`st\'82re" (?), n. [F.] A phalanstery.

                                 Phalansterian

   Phal`an*ste"ri*an  (?),  a.  [F.  phalanst\'82rien,  a.  &  n.]  Of or
   pertaining to phalansterianism.

                                 Phalansterian

   Phal`an*ste"ri*an,  n.  One  who  favors  the  system of phalansteries
   proposed by Fourier.

                        Phalansterism, Phalansterianism

   Pha*lan"ster*ism  (?),  Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism  (?),  n.  A  system  of
   phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.

                                  Phalanstery

   Phal"an*ster*y (?), n.; pl. -ies (#). [F. phalanst\'8are, fr. Gr.

   1.  An  association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See
   Fourierism.

   2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.

                                    Phalanx

   Pha"lanx (?), n.; pl. Phalanxes (#), L. Phalanges (#). [L., from Gr.

   1.  (Gr.  Antiq.)  A  body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and
   files  close  and deep. There were several different arrangements, the
   phalanx  varying  in  depth  from four to twenty-five or more ranks of
   men. "In cubic phalanx firm advanced." Milton.

     The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. Pope.

   2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination
   of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union.

     At present they formed a united phalanx. Macaulay.

     The  sheep  recumbent, and the sheep that grazed, All huddling into
     phalanx, stood and gazed. Cowper.

   3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.

   4.  (Anat.)  One  of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the
   metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.

   5.  [pl.  Phalanges.]  (Bot.)  A  group  or  bundle  of stamens, as in
   polyadelphous flowers.

                                   Phalarope

   Phal"a*rope  (?),  n.  [Gr.  phalarope.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  species  of
   Phalaropus and allied genera of small wading birds (Grall\'91), having
   lobate  toes.  They  are  often  seen far from land, swimming in large
   flocks. Called also sea goose.

                                    Phallic

   Phal"lic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.

                                  Phallicism

   Phal"li*cism (?), n. See Phallism.

                                   Phallism

   Phal"lism  (?),  n. The worship of the generative principle in nature,
   symbolized by the phallus.

                                    Phallus

   Phal"lus (?), n.; pl. Phalli (. [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr.

   1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession
   in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.

   2.  (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ
   from which either may be derived.

   3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the
   stinkhorn.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1075

                                     Phane

   Phane (?), n. See Fane. [Obs.] Joye.

                                   Phanerite

   Phan"er*ite  (?),  a. [Gr. Evident; visible. Phanerite series (Geol.),
   the  uppermost  part  of  the  earth's  crust,  consisting of deposits
   produced by causes in obvious operation.

                                Phanerocarp\'91

   Phan`er*o*car"p\'91  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Acraspeda.

                                Phanerocodonic

   Phan`er*o*co*don"ic  (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having an umbrella-shaped
   or  bell-shaped  body,  with  a  wide, open cavity beneath; -- said of
   certain jellyfishes.

                              Phanerocrystalline

   Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line  (?), a. [Gr. crystalline.] (Geol.) Distinctly
   crystalline; -- used of rocks. Opposed to cryptocrystalline.

                                Phanerodactyla

   Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Saurur\'91.

                                 Phanerogamia

   Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) That one of the two
   primary   divisions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom  which  contains  the
   phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.

                                 Phanerogamian

   Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Phanerogamous.

                          Phanerogamic, Phanerogamous

   Phan`er*o*gam"ic (?), Phan`er*og"a*mous (?), a. Having visible flowers
   containing distinct stamens and pistils; -- said of plants.

                                Phaneroglossal

   Phan`er*o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.)Having a conspicious tongue;
   -- said of certain reptiles and insects.

                                  Phantascope

   Phan"ta*scope  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -scope.]  An optical instrument or toy,
   resembling  the  phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same principle;
   -- called also phantasmascope.

                                   Phantasm

   Phan"tasm (?), n. [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.] [Spelt
   also fantasm.]

   1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a
   shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom;
   a dream.

     They be but phantasms or apparitions. Sir W. Raleigh.

   2.  A  mental  image  or  representation  of a real object; a fancy; a
   notion. Cudworth.

     Figures  or  little features, of which the description had produced
     in you no phantasm or expectation. Jer. Taylor.

                                   Phantasma

   Phan"tas"ma (?), n. [L.] A phantasm.

                                Phantasmagoria

   Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. phantasmagorie.]

   1.  An  optical  effect  produced  by a magic lantern. The figures are
   painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque
   black.  The  screen  is between the spectators and the instrument, and
   the  figures  are  often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into
   one another.

   2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.

   3.   Fig.:   A  medley  of  figures;  illusive  images.  "This  mental
   phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott.

                                Phantasmagorial

   Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al   (?),   a.   Of,   relating  to,  or  resembling
   phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.

                                Phantasmagoric

   Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic   (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  phantasmagoria;
   phantasmagorial. Hawthorne.

                                 Phantasmagory

   Phan*tas"ma*go*ry (?), n. See Phantasmagoria.

                                  Phantasmal

   Phan*tas"mal (?), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a
   phantasm; spectral; illusive.

                                Phantasmascope

   Phan*tas"ma*scope (?), n. See Phantascope.

                                Phantasmatical

   Phan`tas*mat"ic*al  (?),  a.  [L.  phantasmaticus.] Phantasmal. Dr. H.
   More.

                               Phantasmatography

   Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy   (?),  n.  [Gr.  -graphy.]  A  description  of
   celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.

                           Phantastic, Phantastical

   Phan*tas"tic (?), Phan*tas"tic*al (?), a. See Fantastic.

                                   Phantasy

   Phan"ta*sy (?), n. See Fantasy, and Fancy.

                                    Phantom

   Phan"tom (?), n. [OE. fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF. fant\'93me, fr.
   L.  phantasma,  Gr.  Fancy, and cf. Pha\'89ton, Phantasm, Phase.] That
   which  has  only  an  apparent  existence; an apparition; a specter; a
   phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image.

     Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise. Pope.

     She was a phantom of delight. Wordsworth.

   Phantom  ship.  See  Flying  Dutchman,  under Flying. -- Phantom tumor
   (Med.),  a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm,
   accumulation   of   flatus,   etc.,  simulating  an  actual  tumor  in
   appearance,   but   disappearing   upon   the   administration  of  an
   an\'91sthetic.

                                  Phantomatic

   Phan`tom*at"ic, a. Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge.

                                    Pharaoh

   Pha"raoh  (?),  n.  [Heb. par\'d3h; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao,
   Gr. Faro.]

   1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.

   2. See Faro.
   Pharaoh's  chicken (Zo\'94l.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; --
   so  called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly
   white in color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zo\'94l.), the common ichneumon.

                                    Pharaon

   Pha"ra*on (?), n. See Pharaoh, 2.

                                   Pharaonic

   Phar`a*on"ic  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F. pharaonique.] Of or pertaining to the
   Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.

                                     Phare

   Phare (?), n. [See Pharos.]

   1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

   2. Hence, a harbor. Howell.

                            Pharisaic, Pharisaical

   Phar`i*sa"ic   (?),  Phar`i*sa"ic*al  (?),  a.  [L.  Pharisaicus,  Gr.
   pharisa\'8bque. See Pharisee.]

   1.  Of  or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The
   Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth.

   2.  Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of
   religion  without  the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical;
   self-righteous.  "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness. " Bacon.
   "Pharisaical  ostentation."  Macaulay.  -- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. --
   Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

                                  Pharisaism

   Phar`i*sa"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pharisaisme.]

   1.  The  notions,  doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect.
   Sharp.

   2.  Rigid  observance  of  external forms of religion, without genuine
   piety;  hypocrisy  in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in
   matters of morals or manners. "A piece of pharisaism." Hammond.

                                   Pharisean

   Phar`i*se"an  (?),  a.  [L.  Pharisaeus, Gr. Following the practice of
   Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.] "Pharisean disciples." Milton.

                                   Pharisee

   Phar"i*see  (?), n. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. p\'berash to separate.] One of
   a  sect  or  party  among  the  Jews,  noted  for  a strict and formal
   observance  of  rites  and  ceremonies  and  of  the traditions of the
   elders,  and  whose  pretensions  to  superior  sanctity  led  them to
   separate themselves from the other Jews.

                                  Phariseeism

   Phar"i*see*ism (?), n. See Pharisaism.

                         Pharmacuetic, Pharmacuetical

   Phar`ma*cue"tic  (?),  Phar`ma*cue"tic*al  (?), a. [L. pharmaceuticus,
   Gr.  pharmaceutique.  See Pharmacy.] Of or pertaining to the knowledge
   or  art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to
   the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations. --
   Phar`ma*cue"tic*al*ly,  adv. Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department
   of   chemistry  which  ascertains  or  regulates  the  composition  of
   medicinal substances.

                                 Pharmacuetics

   Phar`ma*cue"tics (?), n. The science of preparing medicines.

                                 Pharmacuetist

   Phar`ma*cue"tist  (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the
   Note under Apothecary.

                                  Pharmacist

   Phar"ma*cist  (?),  n.  One  skilled  in  pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a
   druggist.

                               Pharmacodynamics

   Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics   (?),   n.   [Gr.  dynamics.]  That  branch  of
   pharmacology  which  considers the mode of action, and the effects, of
   medicines. Dunglison.

                                Pharmacognosis

   Phar`ma*cog*no"sis  (?),  n.  [Gr.  That  branch of pharmacology which
   treats   of   unprepared   medicines   or   simples;  --  called  also
   pharmacography, and pharmacomathy.

                                 Pharmacognosy

   Phar`ma*cog"no*sy   (?),   n.  Pharmacognosis.<--  now  also  used  to
   designate  the  study  of  the distribution of and methods for finding
   medically useful agents in natural sources, primarily plants. -->

                                Pharmacography

   Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] See Pharmacognosis.

                                 Pharmacolite

   Phar*mac"o*lite  (?),  n.  [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pharmacolithe.] (Min.) A
   hydrous arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white
   or grayish color.

                                Pharmacologist

   Phar`ma*col"o*gist  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.] One skilled in
   pharmacology.

                                 Pharmacology

   Phar`ma*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pharmacologie.]

   1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.

   2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.

                                 Pharmacomathy

   Phar`ma*com"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. See Pharmacognosis.

                                   Pharmacon

   Phar"ma*con  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A medicine or drug; also, a poison.
   Dunglison.

                                Pharmacop\'d2ia

   Phar`ma*co*p\'d2"ia (?), n. [NL., from Gr.

   1.  A  book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used
   in  medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and
   considered as an authoritative standard.

   2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison.

                                Pharmacopolist

   Phar`ma*cop"o*list  (?),  n.  [L.  pharmacopola,  Gr.  One  who  sells
   medicines; an apothecary.

                               Pharmacosiderite

   Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite   (?),  n.  [Gr.  siderite.]  (Min.)  A  hydrous
   arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green cubic crystals;
   cube ore.

                                   Pharmacy

   Phar"ma*cy   (?),  n.  [OE.  fermacie,  OF.  farmacie,  pharmacie,  F.
   pharmacie, Gr.

   1.  The  art  or  practice  of  preparing and preserving drugs, and of
   compounding  and  dispensing  medicines  according to prescriptions of
   physicians;  the  occupation  of  an  apothecary  or  a pharmaceutical
   chemist.

   2.   A  place  where  medicines  are  compounded;  a  drug  store;  an
   apothecary's shop.

                                     Pharo

   Pha"ro (?), n.

   1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

   2. See Faro.

                                   Pharology

   Pha*rol"o*gy  (?),  n. [Gr. -logy.] The art or science which treats of
   lighthouses and signal lights.

                                    Pharos

   Pha"ros  (?),  n. [L., fr. Gr. A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance
   of seamen.

     He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse. Arbuthnot.

                                   Pharyngal

   Pha*ryn"gal (?), a. Pharyngeal. H. Sweet.

                                  Pharyngeal

   Phar`yn*ge"al  (?),  a. [See Pharynx.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
   pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.

                                  Pharyngeal

   Phar`yn*ge"al,  n. (Anat.) A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially,
   one  of  the  lower pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth
   branchial  arch  in  many  fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or
   pharyngobranchials,  which  are  the  dorsal  elements in the complete
   branchial arches.

                                  Pharyngitis

   Phar`yn*gi"tis   (?),   n.   [NL.  See  Pharynx,  and  -itis.]  (Med.)
   Inflammation of the pharynx.

                               Pharyngobranchial

   Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al  (?),  a.  [Pharynx + branchial.] (Anat.) Of or
   pertaining  to  the pharynx and the branchi\'91; -- applied especially
   to  the  dorsal  elements  in  the  branchial  arches  of  fishes. See
   Pharyngeal.  --  n.  A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or
   cartilage.

                               Pharyngobranchii

   Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL. See Pharynx, and Branchia.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Leptocardia.

                                Pharyngognathi

   Phar`yn*gog"na*thi  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Pharynx,  and  Gnathic.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A  division  of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones
   are united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.

                               Pharyngolaryngeal

   Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al   (?),   a.   [Pharynx  +  laryngeal.]  Of  or
   pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.

                                Pharyngopneusta

   Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta  (?),  n.  pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of
   invertebrates   including   the   Tunicata   and   Enteropneusta.   --
   Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal (#), a.

                                 Pharyngotome

   Pha*ryn"go*tome   (?),  n.  (Surg.)  An  instrument  for  incising  or
   scarifying the tonsils, etc.

                                 Pharyngotomy

   Phar`yn*got"o*my  (?),  n.  [Pharynx  +  Gr.  : cf. F. pharyngotomie.]
   (Surg.)  (a)  The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to
   remove   a   tumor   or  anything  that  obstructs  the  passage.  (b)
   Scarification or incision of the tonsils.

                                    Pharynx

   Phar"ynx  (?),  n.; pl. pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr. pharynx.] (Anat.)
   The  part  of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and
   the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in
   the  higher  vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and
   some amphibias.

                                  Phascolome

   Phas"co*lome  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  marsupial  of  the  genus
   Phascolomys; a wombat.

                                     Phase

   Phase (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL. phasis, Gr. phase. See Phenomenon,
   Phantom, and Emphasis.]

   1.  That  which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything
   manifests,  especially any one among different and varying appearances
   of the same object.

   2.  Any  appearance  or  aspect of an object of mental apprehension or
   view; as, the problem has many phases.

   3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring
   cycle  of  changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of
   enlightened  disk;  as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust.
   under Moon.

   4.  (Physics)  Any  one  point  or  portion  in  a recurring series of
   changes,  as  in  the  changes  of  motion  of  one  of  the particles
   constituting  a  wave  or  vibration;  one portion of a series of such
   changes,  in  distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on
   one  side  of  a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the
   opposite side.

                                    Phasel

   Pha"sel  (?), n. [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. phas\'82ole, fas\'82ole.
   Cf. Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney bean.

                                   Phaseless

   Phase"less (?), a. Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless
   and increasing gloom." Poe.

                                   Phaseolus

   Pha*se"o*lus  (?),  n.  [L.]  (Bot.)  A  genus  of  leguminous plants,
   including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See
   Bean.

                                 Phaseomannite

   Pha`se*o*man"nite (?), n. [So called because found in the unripe fruit
   of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.) Same as Inosite.

                                    Phasis

   Pha"sis (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL.] See Phase. Creech.

                                 Phasm, Phasma

   Phasm  (?),  Phas"ma  (?), n. [L. phasma, Gr. Phase.] An apparition; a
   phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.

                                    Phasmid

   Phas"mid (?), n. [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or
   appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zo\'94l.) Any orthopterous insect
   of the family Phasmid\'91, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.

                                  Phassachate

   Phas"sa*chate (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) The lead-colored agate; -- so called
   in reference to its color.

                                   Phatagin

   Phat"a*gin (?), n. [Cf. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed pangolin (Manis
   tetradactyla); -- called also ipi.

                                   Pheasant

   Pheas"ant  (?),  n.  [OE.  fesant,  fesaunt,  OF.  faisant, faisan, F.
   faisan, L. phasianus, Gr.

   1.  (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds
   of   the  genus  Phasianus,  and  many  other  genera  of  the  family
   Phasianid\'91, found chiefly in Asia. <-- # note collocations in notes
   have italic font in WEB1913 -->

     NOTE: &hand; The

   common,  OR  English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over
   most   of   temperate  Europe,  but  was  introduced  from  Asia.  The
   ring-necked  pheasant  (P.  torquatus)  and  the  green  pheasant  (P.
   versicolor)  have  been  introduced  into  Oregon. The golden pheasant
   (Thaumalea  picta)  is  one  of the most beautiful species. The silver
   pheasant  (Euplocamus  nychthemerus)  of  China,  and  several related
   species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.]

     NOTE: &hand; Va rious ot her birds are locally called pheasants, as
     the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc.

   Fireback   pheasant.  See  Fireback.  --  Gold,  OR  Golden,  pheasant
   (Zo\'94l.),  a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied
   colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the
   under  parts  are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the ruffed
   grouse.   [Local,   U.S.]  --  Pheasant  coucal  (Zo\'94l.),  a  large
   Australian  cuckoo  (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black,
   with  chestnut  wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The
   name  is  also  applied  to  other  allied  species. -- Pheasant duck.
   (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  The  pintail.  (b)  The hooded merganser. -- Pheasant
   parrot   (Zo\'94l.),   a  large  and  beautiful  Australian  parrakeet
   (Platycercus  Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers
   margined  with  yellowish  blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the
   wing  coverts  and  cheeks  light  blue, the crown, sides of the neck,
   breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a)
   A  red-flowered  herb  (Adonis  autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; --
   called  also  pheasant's-eye  Adonis.  (b)  The  garden pink (Dianthus
   plumarius);  --  called  also  Pheasant's-eye  pink. -- Pheasant shell
   (Zo\'94l.),  any  marine  univalve  shell of the genus Phasianella, of
   which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth
   and  usually  richly  colored,  the colors often forming blotches like
   those  of  a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood
   (a),  under  Partridge.  --  Sea  pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the pintail. --
   Water   pheasant.   (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  The  sheldrake.  (b)  The  hooded
   merganser.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1076

                                  Pheasantry

   Pheas"ant*ry  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F. faisanderie.] A place for keeping and
   rearing pheasants. Gwilt.

                                     Phebe

   Phe"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ph\'d2be.

                                     Pheer

   Pheer, n. See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                    Pheese

   Pheese  (?),  v.  t. To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local]
   See Feaze, v.

                                    Pheese

   Pheese, n. Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.

                                  Phelloderm

   Phel"lo*derm   (?),   n.   [Gr.   -derm.]  (Bot.)  A  layer  of  green
   parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.

                                   Phellogen

   Phel"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) The tissue of young cells which
   produces cork cells.

                                Phelloplastics

   Phel`lo*plas"tics (?), n. [Gr. Art of modeling in cork.

                                   Phenacite

   Phen"a*cite  (?),  n. [Gr. (Min.) A glassy colorless mineral occurring
   in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of
   glucina,  and  receives  its  name  from  its  deceptive similarity to
   quartz.

                                Phenakistoscope

   Phen`a*kis"to*scope  (?),  n.  [Gr. -scope.] A revolving disk on which
   figures  drawn  in different relative attitudes are seen successively,
   so  as  to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an
   animal  leaping,  etc.,  in  consequence  of  the  persistence  of the
   successive  visual  impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so
   that the figures may be projected upon a screen.

                                 Phenanthrene

   Phe*nan"threne  (?),  n.  [Phenyl  +  antracene.]  (Chem.)  A  complex
   hydrocarbon,  C14H10,  found  in  coal  tar,  and  obtained as a white
   crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.

                                Phenanthridine

   Phe*nan"thri*dine   (?),  n.  [Phenanthrene  +  pyridine.]  (Chem.)  A
   nitrogenous  hydrocarbon  base,  C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and
   quinoline.

                                Phenanthroline

   Phe*nan"thro*line  (?),  n. [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.) Either
   of  two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to
   phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.

                                     Phene

   Phene (?), n. (Chem.) Benzene. [Obs.]

                                   Phenetol

   Phe"ne*tol  (?), n. [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl
   ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C6H5.O.C2H5.

                                    Phenic

   Phe"nic   (?),   a.  (Chem.)  Of,  pertaining  to,  derived  from,  or
   resembling,   phenyl   or  phenol.  Phenic  acid  (Chem.),  a  phenol.
   [Obsoles.]

                                   Phenician

   Phe*ni"cian (?), a. & n. See Ph\'d2nician.

                                   Phenicine

   Phen"i*cine  (?),  n.  [Gr.  foi^nix purple red: cf. F. ph\'82nicine.]
   (Chem.)  (a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of
   indigo  is  diluted  with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the
   action  of  a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic
   alcohol. Watts.

                                  Phenicious

   Phe*ni"cious  (?),  a.  [L.  phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from Of a red
   color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.

                                  Phenicopter

   Phen`i*cop"ter  (?),  n. [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i.e.,
   red-feathered;  foi^nix,  foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf.
   F. ph\'82nicopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) A flamingo.

                                    Phenix

   Phe"nix (?), n.; pl. Phenixes (#). [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written
   also ph\'d2nix.]

   1.  (Gr.  Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire
   by  its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of
   immortality.

   2. (Astron.) A southern constellation.

   3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer. <-- rise like a phoenix,
   to resume an endeavor after an apparently final defeat -->

                                  Phenogamia

   Phen`o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. (Bot.) Same as Ph\'91nogamia.

                     Phenogamian, Phenogamic, Phenogamous

   Phen`o*ga"mi*an (?), Phen`o*gam"ic (?), Phe*nog"a*mous (?), a. Same as
   Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic, etc.

                                    Phenol

   Phe"nol (?), n. [Gr. -ol: cf. F. ph\'82nol.] (Chem.)

   1.  A  white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the
   destructive  distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc.,
   and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.

     NOTE: &hand; It  has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote,
     which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type
     of  alcohols,  and  is  called  also  phenyl  alcohol, but has acid
     properties,  and  hence  is popularly called carbolic acid, and was
     formerly  called  phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and
     in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.

   2.  Any  one  of  the  series  of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol
   proper is the type.
   Glacial  phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. --
   Phenol  acid  (Chem.),  any  one of a series of compounds which are at
   once  derivatives  of  both  phenol  and some member of the fatty acid
   series;  thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid.<-- s.a. is not a fatty
   acid,  but  a benzoic acid derivative. IT should say "carboxylic acid"
   -->  --  Phenol  alcohol  (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of
   phenol  and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus,
   saligenin  is a phenol alcohol. -- Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of
   a  series  of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties. --
   Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.

                                   Phenolate

   Phe"no*late  (?),  n.  [Phenol  +  -ate.] (Chem.) A compound of phenol
   analogous to a salt.

                                  Phenomenal

   Phe*nom"e*nal  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. ph\'82nom\'82nal.] Relating to, or of
   the  nature  of,  a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a
   phenomenal memory. -- Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.

                                 Phenomenalism

   Phe*nom"e*nal*ism  (?), n. (Metaph.) That theory which limits positive
   or  scientific  knowledge  to  phenomena  only,  whether  material  or
   spiritual.

                                  Phenomenist

   Phe*nom"e*nist   (?),   n.   One   who   believes  in  the  theory  of
   phenomenalism.

                                 Phenomenology

   Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy    (?),    n.   [Phenomenon   +   -logy:   cf.   F.
   ph\'82nom\'82nologie.]  A  description,  history,  or  explanation  of
   phenomena. "The phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.

                                  Phenomenon

   Phe*nom"e*non  (?),  n.;  pl.  Phenomena  (#).  [L.  phaenomenon,  Gr.
   faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See Phantom.]

   1.  An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is
   apparent  to,  or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of
   heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory.

     In  the  phenomena  of  the  material  world,  and  in  many of the
     phenomena of mind. Stewart.

   2.  That  which  strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an
   extraordinary  or  very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a
   musical phenomenon.

                                    Phenose

   Phe"nose`  (?),  n.  [Phenyl  +  dextrose.]  (Chem.) A sweet amorphous
   deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric
   with, and resembling, dextrose.

                                    Phenyl

   Phe"nyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl: cf. F. ph\'82nyle. So called because it is a
   by-product  of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5)
   regarded  as  the  essential  residue  of benzene, and the basis of an
   immense number of aromatic derivatives. Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol
   or  carbolic  acid.  --  Phenyl  hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base
   (C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with
   acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.

                                  Phenylamine

   Phe`nyl*am"ine  (?),  n.  [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.) Any one of certain
   class  of  organic  bases  regarded  as  formed  from  ammonia  by the
   substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

                                   Phenylene

   Phe"nyl*ene  (?),  n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in
   certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine.

                                   Phenylic

   Phe*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
   phenyl. Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.

                                     Pheon

   Phe"on  (?), n. [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.) A bearing representing
   the  head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on
   the inner edge.

                                     Phial

   Phi"al  (?),  n.  [F.  fiole,  L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or
   bowl,  Gr.  Vial.] A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle
   for medicines; a vial.

                                     Phial

   Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.] To
   put or keep in, or as in, a phial.

     Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.

                                   Philabeg

   Phil"a*beg (?), n. See Filibeg.

                                 Philadelphian

   Phil`a*del"phi*an   (?),  a.  [Gr.  filadelfia  brotherly  love,  from
   fila`delfos  brotherly;  fi`los  loved,  loving,  friendly + 'adelfo`s
   brother.]  Of  or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the
   cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.

                                 Philadelphian

   Phil`a*del"phi*an, n.

   1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.

   2.  (Eccl.  Hist.)  One  of  a  society  of mystics of the seventeenth
   century, -- called also the Family of Love. Tatler.

                                 Philalethist

   Phil`a*le"thist  (?),  n.  [Philo-  + Gr. A lover of the truth. [Obs.]
   Brathwait.

                                   Philander

   Phi*lan"der  (?),  v.  i. [Gr. To make love to women; to play the male
   flirt.

     You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.

                                   Philander

   Phi*lan"der, n. A lover. [R.] Congreve.

                                   Philander

   Phi*lan"der,  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  A South American opossum (Didelphys
   philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).

                                  Philanderer

   Phi*lan"der*er  (?),  n. One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.]
   C. Kingsley.

                                 Philanthrope

   Phil"an*thrope (?), n. [F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.

                        Philanthropic, Philanthropical

   Phil`an*throp"ic    (?),   Phil`an*throp"ic*al   (?),   a.   [Cf.   F.
   philanthropique.]  Of  or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by
   philanthropy;   loving   or   helping  mankind;  as,  a  philanthropic
   enterprise. -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.

                               Philanthropinism

   Phil`an*throp"i*nism  (?),  n.  A  system  of  education  on so-called
   natural  principles,  attempted  in  Germany  in  the  last century by
   Basedow, of Dessau.

                               Philanthropinist

   Phil`an*throp"i*nist   (?),   n.  An  advocate  of,  or  believer  in,
   philanthropinism.

                                Philanthropist

   Phi*lan"thro*pist  (?),  n.  [Gr.  philanthrope.]  One  who  practices
   philanthropy;  one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of
   others.  <--  esp.  a  wealthy individual who donates large amounts of
   money to charitable or philanthropic causes -->

                               Philanthropistic

   Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic  (?),  a.  Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a
   philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle.

                                 Philanthropy

   Phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [L. philanthropia, Gr. philanthropie.] Love to
   mankind;  benevolence  toward  the  whole human family; universal good
   will;  desire  and  readiness  to  do  good  to all men; -- opposed to
   misanthropy.  Jer.  Taylor.  <--  (2)  active  effort to promote human
   welfare;  humanitarian  activity. [i.e., an action, not merely a state
   of  mind]  -->  <--  2.  an organization whose purpose is to engage in
   philanthropy(2),  and is supported by funds from one or a small number
   of  wealthy  individuals; a type of charity, the source of whose funds
   is  typically  from  a wealthy individual or a corporation, or a trust
   fund  established  by  a  wealthy individual. It is distinguished from
   other  charitable  organizations  in that the source of funds of other
   charities  may  come  from  a  large number of sources, or from public
   solicitation. -->

                                  Philatelic

   Phil`a*tel"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philately.

                                  Philatelist

   Phi*lat"e*list  (?),  n.  One  versed  in  philately; one who collects
   postage stamps.

                                   Philately

   Phi*lat"e*ly (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. frank to send free.] The collection
   of postage stamps of various issues.

                                   Philatory

   Phil"a*to*ry  (?),  n.  [OF.  filatiere,  philatiere. See Phylactery.]
   (Eccl.) A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

                                   Philauty

   Phil"au*ty (?), n. [Gr. Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.

                                 Philharmonic

   Phil`har*mon"ic  (?), a. [Philo- + Gr. philharmonique.] Loving harmony
   or music.

                                  Philhellene

   Phil*hel"lene  (?),  n.  A  friend  of  Greece,  or  of  the Greeks; a
   philhellenist. Emerson.

                                 Philhellenic

   Phil`hel*len"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

                                 Philhellenism

   Phil*hel"len*ism (?), n. Love of Greece.

                                 Philhellenist

   Phil*hel"len*ist,  n.  [Philo-  +  Gr.  philhell\'8ane.]  A  friend of
   Greece;  one  who  supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one
   who  supported  them  in  their  struggle for independence against the
   Turks; a philhellene.

                                   Philibeg

   Phil"i*beg (?), n. See Filibeg. [Scot.]

                                    Philip

   Phil"ip  (?),  n.  [So  called  from  their notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
   European  hedge  sparrow.  (b)  The  house  sparrow. Called also phip.
   [Prov. Eng.]

                                  Philippian

   Phi*lip"pi*an  (?), a. Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient
   Macedonia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

                                   Philippic

   Phi*lip"pic  (?),  n.  [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic,
   Gr. philippique.]

   1.  Any  one  of  the  series  of  famous orations of Demosthenes, the
   Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.

   2.  Hence:  Any  discourse  or  declamation  abounding  in acrimonious
   invective.

                                  Philippium

   Phi*lip"pi*um  (?),  n.  [NL.  So  named  from Philippe Plantamour, of
   Geneva,  Switzerland.]  (Chem.)  A  rare and doubtful metallic element
   said  to  have  been  discovered in the mineral samarskite.<-- no such
   element -->

                                  Philippize

   Phil"ip*pize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Philippizing.] [Gr.

   1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.

   2. [See Philippic.] To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

                                   Philister

   Phi*lis"ter  (?),  n.  [G.]  A  Philistine;  --  a  cant name given to
   townsmen by students in German universities.<-- in sense 3 -->

                                  Philistine

   Phi*lis"tine   (?),   n.   [L.  Philistinus,  Heb.  Phlishth\'c6,  pl.
   Phlishth\'c6m.]

   1.  A  native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of
   southern Palestine.

   2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.

   3.  A  person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without
   appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one
   whose  scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M.
   Arnold.

                                  Philistine

   Phi*lis"tine, a.

   1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.

   2. Uncultured; commonplace.

                                 Philistinism

   Phi*lis"tin*ism  (?), n. The condition, character, aims, and habits of
   the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle.

     On  the  side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals
     and   feeling,   coarseness;  on  the  side  of  mind  and  spirit,
     unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism. M. Arnold.

                                  Phillipsite

   Phil"lips*ite  (?),  n.  [So  named  after  John  Phillips, an English
   mineralogist.]  (Min.)  (a)  A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and
   soda,  a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals,
   often cruciform in shape; -- called also christianite. <-- sic. no (b)
   in original! -->

                                  Phillygenin

   Phil*lyg"e*nin  (?),  n.  [Phillyrin  +  -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A pearly
   crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.

                                   Phillyrea

   Phil*lyr"e*a  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of evergreen plants
   growing  along  the  shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit
   resembling that of the olive.

                                   Phillyrin

   Phil"ly*rin  (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a
   bitter  white  crystalline  substance.  It  is  sometimes  used  as  a
   febrifuge.

                                    Philo-

   Philo-. A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to;
   as, philosophy, philotechnic.

                                  Philogynist

   Phi*log"y*nist  (?),  n.  [See Philogyny.] A lover or friend of women;
   one  who  esteems  woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to
   misogynist.

                                   Philogyny

   Phi*log"y*ny (?), n. [Gr. Fondness for women; uxoriousness; -- opposed
   to misogyny. [R.] Byron.

                                Philohellenian

   Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an (?), n. A philhellenist.

                                  Philologer

   Phi*lol"o*ger  (?),  n.  [Cf.  L.  philologus  a man of letters, Gr. A
   philologist. Burton.

                                  Philologian

   Phil`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A philologist. [R.]

                           Philological, Philologic

   Phil`o*log"ic*al  (?), Phil`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philologique.] Of
   or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                  Philologist

   Phi*lol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in philology.

                                  Philologize

   Phi*lol"o*gize  (?),  v.  i.  To  study, or make critical comments on,
   language. Evelyn.

                                  Philologue

   Phil"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. philologue.] A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.

                                   Philology

   Phi*lol"o*gy  (?), n. [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation,
   philology, Gr. philologie. See Philologer.]

   1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.

   2.  The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as
   a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation
   of  different  tongues  to  one another, and historical development of
   languages; linguistic science.

     NOTE: &hand; Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or
     origin  and  combination  of  words;  grammar,  the construction of
     sentences,   or   use   of   words   in  language;  criticism,  the
     interpretation  of  authors, the affinities of different languages,
     and  whatever relates to the history or present state of languages.
     It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.

   3. A treatise on the science of language.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1077

                                   Philomath

   Phil"o*math (?), n. [Gr. fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, fr.
   A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.

                                Philomathematic

   Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic (?), n. A philomath.

                                  Philomathic

   Phil`o*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philomathique.]

   1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.

   2. Having love of learning or letters.

                                  Philomathy

   Phi*lom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. The love of learning or letters.

                                   Philomel

   Phil"o*mel  (?),  n.  Same  as  Philomela,  the  nightingale. [Poetic]
   Milton. Cowper.

                                   Philomela

   Phil`o*me"la (?), n. [L. philomela, Gr.

   1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the nightingales.

                                   Philomene

   Phil"o*mene (?), n. The nightingale. [Obs.]

                                   Philomot

   Phil"o*mot  (?), a. [See Filemot.] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.]
   Addison.

                                 Philomusical

   Phil`o*mu"sic*al (?), a. [Philo- + musical.] Loving music. [R.]Busby.

                                   Philopena

   Phil`o*pe"na  (?),  n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG.
   vielliebken,  or  D.  veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved;
   but  influenced by Gr. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a
   penalty  of  friendship or love.] A present or gift which is made as a
   forfeit  in  a  social  game that is played in various ways; also, the
   game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.]

     NOTE: &hand; On e of  th e wa ys may be stated as follows: A person
     finding  a  nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a
     person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first
     at  the  next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to
     the kernels eaten.

                         Philopolemic, Philopolemical

   Phil`o*po*lem"ic   (?),  Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Gr.  Fond  of
   polemics or controversy. [R.]

                               Philoprogenitive

   Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive  (?),  a.  Having the love of offspring; fond of
   children.

                             Philoprogenitiveness

   Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness,  n.  [Philo-  +  L.  progenies offspring.]
   (Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children.

                                Philosophaster

   Phi*los"o*phas`ter  (?),  n.  [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus:
   cf.  OF.  philosophastre.]  A  pretender  to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H.
   More.

                                 Philosophate

   Phi*los"o*phate  (?), v. i. [L. philosophatus, p.p. of philosophari to
   philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.

                                Philosophation

   Phi*los`o*pha"tion  (?),  n. Philosophical speculation and discussion.
   [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

                                  Philosophe

   Phil"o*sophe   (?),  n.  [F.,  a  philosopher.]  A  philosophaster;  a
   philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.

                                 Philosopheme

   Phi*los"o*pheme (?), n. [Gr. A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or
   principle of reasoning. [R.]

     This,  the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian
     myths, is a philosopheme. Coleridge.

                                  Philosopher

   Phi*los"o*pher   (?),   n.   [OE.   philosophre,   F.  philosophe,  L.
   philosophus, Gr. Philosophy.]

   1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.

     Then  certain  philosophers  of  the Epicureans, and of the Stoics,
     encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.

   2.  One  who  reduces  the principles of philosophy to practice in the
   conduct  of  life;  one  who lives according to the rules of practical
   wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.

   3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer.
   Philosopher's  stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly
   sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.

                          Philosophic, Philosophical

   Phil`o*soph"ic  (?),  Phil`o*soph"ic*al (?), a. [L. philosophicus: cf.
   F.  philosophique.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  philosophy; versed in, or
   imbued  with,  the  principles  of philosophy; hence, characterizing a
   philosopher;    rational;    wise;    temperate;    calm;   cool.   --
   Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                 Philosophism

   Phi*los"o*phism  (?),  n. [Cf. F. philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy;
   the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle.

                                 Philosophist

   Phi*los"o*phist  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  philosophiste.]  A  pretender  in
   philosophy.

                       Philosophistic, Philosophistical

   Phi*los`o*phis"tic (?), Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining
   to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

                                 Philosophize

   Phi*los"o*phize  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized (?); p. pr. &
   vb.  n.  Philosophizing  (?).] To reason like a philosopher; to search
   into  the  reason  and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and
   assign rational causes for their existence.

     Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but
     philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton.

                                 Philosophizer

   Phi*los"o*phi`zer (?), n. One who philosophizes.

                                  Philosophy

   Phi*los"o*phy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Philosophies  (#). [OE. philosophie, F.
   philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. Philosopher.]

   1.  Literally,  the  love  of,  including the search after, wisdom; in
   actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved
   into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.

     NOTE: &hand; Wh  en ap  plied to   an y pa rticular de partment of 
     knowledge,  philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under
     which  all  the  subordinate  phenomena  or  facts relating to that
     subject  are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and
     the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material
     objects,  it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called
     anthropology  and  psychology,  with  which are connected logic and
     ethics;  when  it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations
     by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics.

     NOTE: &hand; "P hilosophy ha s be en defined: tionscience of things
     divine  and  human,  and the causes in which they are contained; --
     the  science  of  effects  by  their  causes;  --  the  science  of
     sufficient  reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as
     they  are possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from
     first  principles;  -- the science of truths sensible and abstract;
     --  the  application  of  reason  to its legitimate objects; -- the
     science  of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of
     human  reason;  --  the science of the original form of the ego, or
     mental  self;  --  the  science  of  science; -- the science of the
     absolute;  --  the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal
     and real."

   Sir W. Hamilton.

   2.  A  particular  philosophical  system  or theory; the hypothesis by
   which particular phenomena are explained.

     [Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer.

     We  shall  in  vain  interpret  their  words  by the notions of our
     philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke.

   3.  Practical  wisdom;  calmness  of  temper and judgment; equanimity;
   fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy.

     Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer.

   4. Reasoning; argumentation.

     Of  good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and
     false philosophy. Milton.

   5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.

   6. A treatise on philosophy.
   Philosophy  of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in
   a  grove  in  Athens  called the Academy. -- Philosophy of the Garden,
   that  of  Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. -- Philosophy of
   the  Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school,
   who  delivered  his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. -- Philosophy of
   the  Porch,  that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of
   Citium  and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great
   hall in Athens.

                                  Philostorgy

   Phil`o*stor"gy (?), n. [Gr. Natural affection, as of parents for their
   children. [R.]

                         Philotechnic, Philotechnical

   Phil`o*tech"nic   (?),   Phil`o*tech"nic*al  (?),  a.  [Philo-  +  Gr.
   philotechnique.] Fond of the arts. [R.]

                                    Philter

   Phil"ter  (?),  n.  [F.  philtre,  L.  philtrum, Gr. A potion or charm
   intended  to  excite  the  passion  of  love.  [Written also philtre.]
   Addison.

                                    Philter

   Phil"ter,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Philtered  (?);  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Philtering.]

   1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught.

   2.  To  charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion.
   Gov. of Tongue.

                                   Phimosis

   Phi*mo"sis  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition of the penis in
   which  the  prepuce  can  not be drawn back so as to uncover the glans
   penis.

                                   Phitoness

   Phi"ton*ess (?), n. Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]

                                     Phiz

   Phiz  (?),  n.;  pl. Phizes (#). [Contr. fr. physiognomy.] The face or
   visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.

                                   Phlebitis

   Phle*bi"tis  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a
   vein.

                                  Phlebogram

   Phleb"o*gram  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -gram.]  (Physiol.)  A tracing (with the
   sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.

                            Phlebolite, Phlebolith

   Phleb"o*lite  (?),  Phleb"o*lith  (?), n. [Gr. -lite, -lith.] (Med.) A
   small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.

                                  Phlebology

   Phle*bol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A branch of anatomy which treats of
   the veins.

                                 Phlebotomist

   Phle*bot"o*mist  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  phl\'82botomiste.] (Med.) One who
   practiced phlebotomy.

                                 Phlebotomize

   Phle*bot"o*mize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized (?); p. pr. &
   vb.  n.  Phlebotomizing  (?).] [Cf. F. phl\'82botomiser.] To let blood
   from by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.

                                  Phlebotomy

   Phle*bot"o*my (?), n. [L. phlebotomia, Gr. phl\'82botomie. Cf. Fleam.]
   (Med.) The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the
   treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.

                                    Phlegm

   Phlegm  (?),  n.  [F.  phlegme,  flegme,  L.  phlegma,  fr. Gr. Phlox,
   Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a., and Fluminate.]

   1.  One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to
   be composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot.

   2.  (Physiol.)  Viscid  mucus  secreted  in  abnormal  quantity in the
   respiratory and digestive passages.

   3.  (Old  Chem.)  A  watery  distilled  liquor,  in distinction from a
   spirituous liquor. Crabb.

   4.   Sluggishness   of   temperament;   dullness;  want  of  interest;
   indifference; coldness.

     They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm. Pope.

                                 Phlegmagogue

   Phleg"ma*gogue  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Old Med.) A medicine supposed to expel
   phlegm.

                                  Phlegmasia

   Phleg*ma"si*a  (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Phlegm.] (Med.) An inflammation;
   more  particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs. Phlegmasia
   dolens ( [NL.], milk leg.

                                  Phlegmatic

   Phleg*mat"ic (?), a. [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. phlegmatique.]

   1. Watery. [Obs.] "Aqueous and phlegmatic." Sir I. Newton.

   2.   Abounding   in   phlegm;  as,  phlegmatic  humors;  a  phlegmatic
   constitution. Harvey.

   3.  Generating  or  causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations."
   Sir T. Browne.

   4.  Not  easily  excited  to  action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish;
   heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison.
   Phlegmatic  temperament  (Old  Physiol.),  lymphatic  temperament. See
   under Lymphatic.

                                 Phlegmatical

   Phleg*mat"ic*al (?), a. Phlegmatic. Ash.

                                Phlegmatically

   Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phlegmatic manner.

                                 Phlegmaticly

   Phleg*mat"ic*ly (?), a. Phlegmatically. [Obs.]

                                   Phlegmon

   Phleg"mon  (?),  n.  [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the
   skin,  Gr.  phlegmon.] (Med.) Purulent inflammation of the cellular or
   areolar tissue.

                                  Phlegmonous

   Phleg"mon*ous  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  phlegmoneux.]  Having the nature or
   properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey.

                                    Phleme

   Phleme (?), n. (Surg. & Far.) See Fleam.

                                    Phleum

   Phle"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including the
   timothy  (Phleum pratense), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail
   grass. Gray.

                                   Phlo\'89m

   Phlo"\'89m  (?),  n. [Gr. (Bot.) That portion of fibrovascular bundles
   which   corresponds   to   the   inner  bark;  the  liber  tissue;  --
   distinguished from xylem.

                                  Phlogistian

   Phlo*gis"tian (?), n. A believer in the existence of phlogiston.

                                  Phlogistic

   Phlo*gis"tic (?), a.

   1.  (Old  Chem.)  Of  or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its
   existence.

   2. (Med.) Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.

                                 Phlogistical

   Phlo*gis"tic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phlogistic.

                                 Phlogisticate

   Phlo*gis"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated (?); p. pr. &
   vb.  n.  Phlogisticating.]  (Old Chem.) To combine phlogiston with; --
   usually  in  the  form  and sense of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly
   phlogisticated substances.

                                Phlogistication

   Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion  (?),  n.  (Old  Chem.)  The  act  or  process  of
   combining with phlogiston.

                                  Phlogiston

   Phlo*gis"ton   (?),   n.   [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  Phlox.]  (Old  Chem.)  The
   hypothetical  principle  of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl
   as a chemical element.

     NOTE: &hand; Th is wa s su pposed to  be  un ited wi th combustible
     (phlogisticated)  bodies  and  to  be  separated from incombustible
     (dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being
     the  escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly
     pure  phlogiston.  The essential principle of this theory was, that
     combustion   was   a   decomposition  rather  than  the  union  and
     combination which it has since been shown to be.

   <--  this  theory  is  now discredited and superseded by the theory of
   chemical  reaction  between  oxidizable  substances and oxidants as an
   explanation of combustion -->

                                 Phlogogenous

   Phlo*gog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. -genous.] (Med.) Causing inflammation.

                                  Phlogopite

   Phlog"o*pite  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Min.) A kind of mica having generally a
   peculiar  bronze-red  or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a
   silicate  of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is
   characteristic  of  crystalline  limestone or dolomite and serpentine.
   See Mica.

                                   Phlogosis

   Phlo*go"sis  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Med.) Inflammation of external
   parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation.

                                   Phlogotic

   Phlo*got"ic (?), n. (Med.) Of or pertaining to phlogisis.

                                  Phloramine

   Phlo*ram"ine  (?),  n.  [Phlorlucin  +  amine.]  (Chem.) A basic amido
   derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.

                                   Phloretic

   Phlo*ret"ic  (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Pertaining  to,  or  derived  from, or
   designating,   an  organic  acid  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of
   phloretin.

                                   Phloretin

   Phlor"e*tin   (?),   n.  [From  Phlorizin.]  (Chem.)  A  bitter  white
   crystalline  substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and
   formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.

                                   Phlorizin

   Phlor"i*zin  (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline glucoside
   extracted  from  the  root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc.
   [Formerly also written phloridzin.]

                                 Phloroglucin

   Phlor`o*glu"cin  (?),  n.  [Phloretin  +  Gr.  (Chem.)  A  sweet white
   crystalline  substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the
   decomposition  of  phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino,
   etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also phloroglucinol.]

                                    Phlorol

   Phlo"rol  (?),  n.  [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.) A liquid metameric with
   xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling
   certain salts of phloretic acid.

                                   Phlorone

   Phlo"rone  (?),  n.  [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline
   substance  having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones,
   and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation
   of xylidine; -- called also xyloquinone.

                                     Phlox

   Phlox  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  kind  of  flower,  fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
   American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers. Phlox worm
   (Zo\'94l.),  the larva of an American moth (Heliothis phloxiphaga). It
   is destructive to phloxes. -- Phlox subulata, the moss pink. See under
   Moss.

                                 Phlyctenular

   Phlyc*ten"u*lar  (?),  a. [Gr. (Med.) Characterized by the presence of
   small   pustules,  or  whitish  elevations  resembling  pustules;  as,
   phlyctenular ophthalmia.

                                     Phoca

   Pho"ca  (?),  n.  [L., a seal, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of seals. It
   includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See Seal.

                                   Phocacean

   Pho*ca"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Phoca; a seal.

                                    Phocal

   Pho"cal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to seals.

                                   Phocenic

   Pho*cen"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Chem.) Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or
   porpoise  oil;  --  said  of  an  acid  (called  also  delphinic acid)
   subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts.

                                   Phocenin

   Pho*ce"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. phoc\'82nine.] (Chem.) See Delphin.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1078

                                    Phocine

   Pho"cine (?), a. [L. phoca a seal.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
   seal tribe; phocal.

                                   Phocodont

   Pho"co*dont (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Phocodontia.

                                  Phocodontia

   Pho`co*don"ti*a  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.) A group of
   extinct  carnivorous  whales.  Their teeth had compressed and serrated
   crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied genera.

                                   Ph\'d2be

   Ph\'d2"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pewee, or pewit.

                                   Ph\'d2bus

   Ph\'d2"bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1. (Class. Myth.) Apollo; the sun god.

   2. The sun. "Ph\'d2bus 'gins arise." Shak.

                                 Ph\'d2nician

   Ph\'d2*ni"cian  (?), a. Of or pertaining to Ph\'d2nica. -- n. A native
   or inhabitant of Ph\'d2nica.

                                 Ph\'d2nicious

   Ph\'d2*ni"cious (?), a. See Phenicious.

                               Ph\'d2nicopterus

   Ph\'d2`ni*cop"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
   of birds which includes the flamingoes.

                                   Ph\'d2nix

   Ph\'d2"nix (?), n. [L., a fabulous bird. See Phenix.]

   1. Same as Phenix. Shak.

   2. (Bot.) A genus of palms including the date tree.

                                    Pholad

   Pho"lad (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pholas.

                                   Pholadean

   Pho*la"de*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Pholad.

                                    Pholas

   Pho"las (?), n.; pl. Pholades (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
   numerous  species  of  marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pholas, or
   family Pholadid\'91. They bore holes for themselves in clay, peat, and
   soft rocks.

                                    Phonal

   Pho"nal (?), a.[Gr. Of or relating to the voice; as, phonal structure.
   Max M\'81ller.

                                 Phonascetics

   Pho`nas*cet"ics  (?), n. [Gr. Treatment for restoring or improving the
   voice.

                                   Phonation

   Pho*na"tion (?), n. [Gr. The act or process by which articulate sounds
   are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.

                                 Phonautograph

   Pho*nau"to*graph   (?),   n.  [Phono-  +  Gr.  -graph.]  (Physics)  An
   instrument  by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible
   trace  or  record  of  itself.  It  consists essentially of a resonant
   vessel,  usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible
   membrane.  A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the
   movements  of  the  latter,  as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or
   plate.

                                 Phoneidoscope

   Pho*nei"do*scope   (?),   n.  [Phono-  +  Gr.  -scope.]  (Physics)  An
   instrument  for  studying  the  motions  of sounding bodies by optical
   means.  It  consists  of a tube across the end of which is stretched a
   film  of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and
   position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.

                                   Phonetic

   Pho*net"ic (?), a. [Gr. phon\'82tique. See Ban a proclamation.]

   1. Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.

   2.  Representing  sounds;  as,  phonetic  characters;  --  opposed  to
   ideographic; as, a phonetic notation.
   Phonetic  spelling, spelling in phonetic characters, each representing
   one  sound  only;  -- contrasted with Romanic spelling, or that by the
   use of the Roman alphabet.
   
                                 Phonetically
                                       
   Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonetic manner. 

                                  Phonetician

   Pho`ne*ti"cian (?), n. One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.

                                   Phonetics

   Pho*net"ics (?), n.

   1.  The  doctrine  or science of sounds; especially those of the human
   voice; phonology.

   2.  The  art  of  representing  vocal  sounds  by  signs  and  written
   characters.

                                   Phonetism

   Pho"ne*tism  (?),  n.  The  science  which  treats of vocal sounds. J.
   Peile.

                                   Phonetist

   Pho"ne*tist (?), n.

   1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.

   2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.

                                 Phonetization

   Pho`ne*ti*za"tion  (?),  n.  The  act, art, or process of representing
   sounds by phonetic signs.

                                   Phonetize

   Pho"ne*tize (?), v. t. To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell.

                                    Phonic

   Phon"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  phonique.]  Of or pertaining to sound; of the
   nature of sound; acoustic. Tyndall.

                                    Phonics

   Phon"ics (?), n. See Phonetics.

                                    Phono-

   Pho"no-  (?).  A  combining form from Gr. sound, tone; as, phonograph,
   phonology.

                                     Phono

   Phono  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.) A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono)
   having nearly transparent wings.

                                 Phonocamptic

   Pho`no*camp"tic  (?),  a.  [Phono-  +  Gr. phonocamptique.] Reflecting
   sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham.

                                   Phonogram

   Pho"no*gram (?), n. [Phono- + -gram.]

   1. A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound.

     Phonograms  are  of  three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for
     entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations
     of  which  words  are  composed;  (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters,
     which  represent  the elementary sounds into which the syllable can
     be resolved. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

   2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.

                                  Phonograph

   Pho"no*graph (?), n. [Phono- + -graph.]

   1.  A  character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in
   phonography.

   2.  (Physics)  An  instrument  for  the  mechanical  registration  and
   reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists
   of  a  rotating  cylinder  or  disk  covered with some material easily
   indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate
   carrying  a  stylus.  As  the  plate vibrates under the influence of a
   sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft
   material,  and  these,  when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set
   the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.

                                 Phonographer

   Pho*nog"ra*pher (?), n.

   1. One versed or skilled in phonography.

   2.  One  who  uses,  or  is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See
   Phonograph, 2.

                         Phonographic, Phonographical

   Pho`no*graph"ic    (?),    Pho`no*graph"ic*al    (?),   a.   [Cf.   F.
   phonographique.]

   1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.

   2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.

                               Phonographically

   Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly,  adv.  In  a  phonographic  manner; by means of
   phonograph.

                                 Phonographist

   Pho*nog"ra*phist (?), n. Phonographer.

                                  Phonography

   Pho*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phono- + -graphy.]

   1.  A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by
   the organs of speech.

   2.  A  representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a
   system   of   shorthand   writing  invented  by  Isaac  Pitman,  or  a
   modification of his system, much used by reporters.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e co nsonants are represented by straight lines and
     curves;  the  vowels  by  dots  and  short  dashes;  but by skilled
     phonographers,  in  rapid  work,  most vowel marks are omitted, and
     brief  symbols  for  common  words  and  combinations  of words are
     extensively   employed.   The  following  line  is  an  example  of
     phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: -- <-- illustr.
     of phonetic transcription of the line below -->

     They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton.

   3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.

                                   Phonolite

   Pho"no*lite  (?),  n.  [Phono-  +  -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.) A
   compact,  feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, ha\'81ynite,
   etc.  Thin  slabs  give  a  ringing  sound when struck; -- called also
   clinkstone.

                                  Phonologer

   Pho*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phonologist.

                           Phonologic, Phonological

   Pho`no*log"ic  (?),  Pho`no*log"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining to
   phonology.

                                  Phonologist

   Pho*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phonology.

                                   Phonology

   Pho*nol"o*gy  (?), n. [Phono- + -logy.] The science or doctrine of the
   elementary  sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the
   various   distinctions,  modifications,  and  combinations  of  tones;
   phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.

                                  Phonometer

   Pho*nom"e*ter  (?),  n. [Phono- + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for
   measuring  sounds,  as  to  their  intensity,  or the frequency of the
   vibrations.

                                  Phonomotor

   Pho`no*mo"tor  (?),  n.  [Phono- + -motor.] (Physics) An instrument in
   which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.

                                  Phonorganon

   Pho*nor"ga*non  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Phono-,  and Organon.] A speaking
   machine.

                                  Phonoscope

   Pho"no*scope  (?),  n.  [Phono- + -scope.] (Physics) (a) An instrument
   for  observing  or  exhibiting  the  motions or properties of sounding
   bodies;  especially, an apparatus invented by K\'94nig for testing the
   quality  of  musical strings. (b) An instrument for producing luminous
   figures by the vibrations of sounding bodies.

                                   Phonotypr

   Pho"no*typr  (?),  n.  [Phono-  +  -type.] A type or character used in
   phonotypy.

                           Phonotypic, Phonotypical

   Pho`no*typ"ic  (?),  Pho`no*typ"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining to
   phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet.

                                  Phonotypist

   Pho*not"y*pist (?), n. One versed in phonotypy.

                                   Phonotypy

   Pho*not"y*py  (?),  n.  A  method  of phonetic printing of the English
   language,  as  devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary
   letters  and  many  new  forms  are employed in order to indicate each
   elementary sound by a separate character.

                                   Phorminx

   Phor"minx  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. A kind of lyre used by the Greeks.
   Mrs. Browning.

                                   Phormium

   Phor"mi*um  (?),  n. [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants,
   consisting of one species (Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.

                                    Phorone

   Phor"one  (?),  n.  [Camphor  + acetone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline
   substance,   having   a  geraniumlike  odor,  regarded  as  a  complex
   derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.

                                   Phoronis

   Pho*ro"nis  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  L.  Phoronis,  a  surname of Io, Gr.
   (Zo\'94l.)  A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around
   the  mouth.  It  is  usually  classed  with  the gephyreans. Its larva
   (Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.

                                  Phoronomia

   Phor`o*no"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Phoronomics.

                                  Phoronomics

   Phor`o*nom"ics  (?),  n.  [Gr. The science of motion; kinematics. [R.]
   Weisbach.

                                   Phosgene

   Phos"gene  (?),  a.  [Gr.  phosg\'8ane.]  (Old  Chem.)  Producing,  or
   produced  by,  the  action  of light; -- formerly used specifically to
   designate  a  gas now called carbonyl chloride. See Carbonyl.<-- still
   called phosgene. It was used as a poison gas in World War I. -->

                                  Phosgenite

   Phos"gen*ite  (?),  n.  (Min.)  A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal
   crystals  of  a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster.
   It is a chlorocarbonate of lead.

                                   Phospham

   Phos"pham  (?),  n. [Phosphorus + ammonia.] (Chem.) An inert amorphous
   white   powder,   PN2H,   obtained  by  passing  ammonia  over  heated
   phosphorus. [Spelt also phosphame.] -- Phos"pham"ic (#), a.

                                   Phosphate

   Phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphoric acid.

                                  Phosphatic

   Phos*phat"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus,
   phosphoric  acid,  or  phosphates;  as, phosphatic nodules. Phosphatic
   diathesis  (Med.),  a habit of body which leads to the undue excretion
   of phosphates with the urine.

                                 Phosphaturia

   Phos`pha*tu"ri*a  (?),  n.  [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.) The
   excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.

                                   Phosphene

   Phos"phene  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Physiol.)  A luminous impression produced
   through  excitation  of  the  retina  by  some  cause  other  than the
   impingement  upon it of rays of light, as by pressure upon the eyeball
   when the lids are closed. Cf. After-image.

                                   Phosphide

   Phos"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of phosphorus.

                                   Phosphine

   Phos"phine (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia,
   and  having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also
   hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen.

     NOTE: &hand; It  is  th e most important compound of phosphorus and
     hydrogen,  and  is  produced  by  the  action  of caustic potash on
     phosphorus.  It  is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities,
     and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.

                                  Phosphinic

   Phos*phin"ic  (?),  a.  (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain
   acids   analogous   to   the  phosphonic  acids,  but  containing  two
   hydrocarbon  radicals,  and  derived  from the secondary phosphines by
   oxidation.

                                   Phosphite

   Phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphorous acid.

                                  Phosphonic

   Phos*phon"ic  (?), a. [Phosphoric + sulphonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
   or  designating,  certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a
   hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.

                                  Phosphonium

   Phos*pho"ni*um   (?),   n.   [Phosphorus   +  ammonium.]  (Chem.)  The
   hypothetical  radical  PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the
   nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.

                                   Phosphor

   Phos"phor (?), n. [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.]

   1. Phosphorus. [Obs.] Addison.

   2.  The  planet  Venus,  when  appearing as the morning star; Lucifer.
   [Poetic] Pope. Tennyson.

                                  Phosphorate

   Phos"phor*ate  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phosphorated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Phosphorating.] (Chem.) To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus
   or its compounds; as, phosphorated oil.

                                Phosphor-bronze

   Phos"phor-bronze`  (?),  n. [Phosphor + bronze.] (Metal.) A variety of
   bronze  possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained
   by  melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent
   of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.

                                 Phosphoreous

   Phos*pho"re*ous (?), a. Phosphorescent. [Obs.]

                                 Phosphoresce

   Phos`phor*esce"  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced (?); p. pr. &
   vb.   n.   Phosphorescing   (?).]   To  shine  as  phosphorus;  to  be
   phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.

                                Phosphorescence

   Phos`phor*es"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. phosphorescence.]

   1.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  phosphorescent;  or the act of
   phosphorescing.

   2. A phosphoric light.

                                Phosphorescent

   Phos`phor*es"cent  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  phosphorescent.] Shining with a
   phosphoric   light;   luminous   without   sensible   heat.  --  n.  A
   phosphorescent substance.

                                  Phosphoric

   Phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorique.]

   1.  (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing,
   from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus
   has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.

   2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron.
   Glacial  phosphoric  acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form
   of glassy semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric
   acid.  --  Phosphoric  acid  (Chem.),  a  white crystalline substance,
   H3PO4, which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms
   an  important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates.
   --  Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.),
   phosphoric  acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts,
   which  are  respectively  soluble  and  insoluble in water or in plant
   juices.  --  Reverted  phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid
   changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble)
   salts.

                                 Phosphorical

   Phos*phor"ic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phosphoric.

                                  Phosphorite

   Phos"phor*ite (?), n. (min.) A massive variety of apatite.

                                 Phosphoritic

   Phos`phor*it"ic  (?), a. (Min.) Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling,
   or of the nature of, phosphorite.

                                  Phosphorize

   Phos"phor*ize (?), v. t. To phosphorate.

                                 Phosphorized

   Phos"phor*ized (?), a. Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.

                                Phosphorogenic

   Phos`phor*o*gen"ic  (?),  a.  [Phosphorus  +  -gen  + -ic.] Generating
   phosphorescence; as, phosphorogenic rays.

                                Phosphoroscope

   Phos*phor"o*scope   (?),   n.  [Phosphorus  +  -scope.]  (Physics)  An
   apparatus  for  observing  the  phosphorescence  produced in different
   bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.

                                  Phosphorous

   Phos"phor*ous  (?),  a. [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining
   to  phosphorus;  resembling  or  containing  phosphorus; specifically,
   designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as
   contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3.

                                  Phosphorus

   Phos"phor*us (?), n.; pl. Phosphori (#). [L., the morning star, Gr.

   1. The morning star; Phosphor.

   2.  (Chem.)  A  poisonous  nonmetallic  element of the nitrogen group,
   obtained  as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having
   a  characteristic  disagreeable  smell.  It is very active chemically,
   must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary
   temperatures,  giving  a  faint  glow,  --  whence its name. It always
   occurs  compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in
   bones,  etc.  It  is  used  in the composition on the tips of friction
   matches,  and  for  many  other  purposes.  The molecule contains four
   atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.

   3.  (Chem.)  Hence,  any  substance  which  shines  in  the  dark like
   phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.
   Bologna  phosphorus  (Chem.),  sulphide of barium, which shines in the
   dark  after  exposure to light; -- so called because this property was
   discovered  by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to
   other  compounds  having  similar  properties.  -- Metallic phosphorus
   (Chem.),  an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray
   metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties.
   It  is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a
   high temperature. -- Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among
   workers  in  phosphorus,  giving  rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and
   other   symptoms.   --  Red,  OR  Amorphous,  phosphorus  (Chem.),  an
   allotropic  modification  of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder
   by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous,
   is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is
   valuable  as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the
   friction  surface  on  which  safety  matches  are  ignited.  -- Solar
   phosphori  (Chem.),  phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark
   after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1079

                                  Phosphoryl

   Phos"phor*yl  (?),  n.  [Phosphorus  +  -yl.]  (Chem.) The radical PO,
   regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.

                                  Phosphuret

   Phos"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A phosphide. [Obsoles.]

                                 Phosphureted

   Phos"phu*ret`ed   (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Impregnated,  or  combined,  with
   phosphorus.  [Obsoles.]  [Written  also  phosphuretted.]  Phosphureted
   hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.

                                    Photic

   Pho"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Relating to the production of light by
   the lower animals.

                                    Photics

   Pho"tics  (?),  n.  (Physics)  The science of light; -- a general term
   sometimes  employed  when optics is restricted to light as a producing
   vision. Knight.

                                     Photo

   Pho"to (?), n.; pl. Photos (. A contraction of Photograph. [Colloq.]

                                    Photo-

   Pho"to-  (?).  A  combining  form  from  Gr.  fw^s, fwto`s, light; as,
   photography, phototype, photometer.

                                  Photobiotic

   Pho`to*bi*ot"ic  (?), a. [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.) Requiring light to
   live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells.

                                 Photochemical

   Pho`to*chem"ic*al   (?),   a.  [Photo-  +  chemical.]  (Chem.)  Of  or
   pertaining  to  chemical  action  of light, or produced by it; as, the
   photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.

                                Photochemistry

   Pho`to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.) The branch of
   chemistry  which  relates to the effect of light in producing chemical
   changes, as in photography.

                         Photochromic, Photochromatic

   Pho`to*chro"mic  (?),  Pho`to*chro*mat"ic  (?), a. Of or pertaining to
   photochromy; produced by photochromy.

                                  Photochromy

   Pho*toch"ro*my (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. The art or process of reproducing
   colors by photography.

                                  Photodrome

   Pho"to*drome  (?),  n. [Photo- + Gr. (Physics) An apparatus consisting
   of  a  large  wheel  with  spokes,  which when turning very rapidly is
   illuminated  by  momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a
   rotating  disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel
   is  made  to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly
   in either direction.

                                Photo-electric

   Pho`to-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Photo- + electric.] Acting by the operation
   of  both  light  and  electricity;  -- said of apparatus for producing
   pictures by electric light.

                               Photo-electrotype

   Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type  (?), n. (Print.) An electrotype plate formed in
   a mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.

                                Photo-engraving

   Pho`to-en*grav"ing  (?),  n.  [Photo-  +  engraving.]  The  process of
   obtaining  an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to
   be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.

                                Photo-epinasty

   Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty  (?),  n.  [See  Photo-,  and  Epinastic.] (Bot.) A
   disproportionately  rapid  growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral
   organs,  such  as  leaves,  through the stimulus of exposure to light.
   Encyc. Brit.

                              Photogalvanography

   Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy  (?), n. [Photo- + galvanography.] The art or
   process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D. Brewster.

                                   Photogen

   Pho"to*gen  (?),  n.  [Photo- + -gen.] (Chem.) A light hydrocarbon oil
   resembling  kerosene.  It  is  obtained  by distilling coal, paraffin,
   etc.,  and  is  used  as  a  lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written also
   photogene.]

                                   Photogene

   Pho"to*gene (?), n. [See Photogen.]

   1. A photograph. [Obsoles.]

   2.  A  more  or  less  continued impression or image on the retina. H.
   Spencer.

                                  Photogenic

   Pho`to*gen"ic  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining to photogeny; producing or
   generating light.

                                   Photogeny

   Pho*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See Photogen.] See Photography. [Obsoles.]

                                 Photoglyphic

   Pho`to*glyph"ic  (?),  a.  [Photo-  +  Gr.  Pertaining  to  the art of
   engraving  by  the  action  of  light.  [Written  also  photoglyptic.]
   Photoglyphic  engraving,  a  process  of  etching on copper, steel, or
   zinc,  by  means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that
   from the plate impressions may be taken. Sir D. Brewster.

                                  Photoglyphy

   Pho*tog"ly*phy (?), n. Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic.

                                 Photoglyptic

   Pho`to*glyp"tic (?), a. Same as Photoglyphic.

                                   Photogram

   Pho"to*gram (?), n. [Photo- + -gram.] A photograph. [R.]

                                  Photograph

   Pho"to*graph (?), n. [Photo- + -graph.] A picture or likeness obtained
   by photography.

                                  Photograph

   Pho"to*graph,  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Photographed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Photographing  (?).]  To  take  a  picture  or likeness of by means of
   photography; as, to photograph a view; to photograph a group.

     He  makes  his  pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards
     photographed on wood. Hamerton.

     NOTE: Also used figuratively.

     He is photographed on my mind. Lady D. Hardy.

                                  Photograph

   Pho"to*graph, v. i. To practice photography; to take photographs.

                                 Photographer

   Pho*tog"ra*pher   (?),  n.  One  who  practices,  or  is  skilled  in,
   photography.

                         Photographic, Photographical

   Pho`to*graph"ic    (?),    Pho`to*graph"ic*al    (?),   a.   [Cf.   F.
   photographique.]   Of   or  pertaining  to  photography;  obtained  by
   photography;  used  ib  photography;  as  a  photographic  picture;  a
   photographic   camera.  --  Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly,  adv.  Photographic
   printing, the process of obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared
   paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to light.

                                 Photographist

   Pho*tog"ra*phist (?), n. A photographer.

                               Photographometer

   Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Photograph  +  -meter.] (Photog.) An
   instrument  for  determining the sensibility of the plates employed in
   photographic processes to luminous rays.

                                  Photography

   Pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + -graphy: cf. F. photographie.]

   1.  The  science  which  relates  to  the action of light on sensitive
   bodies  in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the
   like.

   2. The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface
     of  metal,  glass,  paper, or other suitable substance, coated with
     collodion  or gelatin, and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides,
     or  iodides  of  silver,  or  other  salts  sensitive to light. The
     exposed  plate  is then treated with reducing agents, as pyrogallic
     acid,  ferrous  sulphate,  etc.,  to  develop the latent image. The
     image  is  then  fixed  by  washing  off  the  excess  of unchanged
     sensitive  salt  with  sodium  hyposulphite (thiosulphate) or other
     suitable reagents.

   <--   color  photography,  the  production  of  colored  images  by  a
   photographic  process.  A  variety  of  dyes  are used to produced the
   colored  images.  Processes  may  or may not use silver to produce the
   colored image. -->

                                 Photogravure

   Pho`to*grav"ure  (?),  n.  [F.] A photoengraving; also, the process by
   which such a picture is produced.

                                Photoheliograph

   Pho`to*he"li*o*graph  (?),  n.  [Photo-  +  heliograph.]  (Physics)  A
   modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.

                                Photolithograph

   Pho`to*lith"o*graph  (?),  n.  [Photo-  +  lithograph.] A lithographic
   picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.

                                Photolithograph

   Pho`to*lith"o*graph,  v.  t.  To  produce  (a  picture, a copy) by the
   process of photolithography.

                               Photolithographer

   Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher  (?), n. One who practices, or one who employs,
   photolithography.

                               Photolithographic

   Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic  (?),  n. Of or pertaining to photolithography;
   produced by photolithography.

                               Photolithography

   Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy   (?),  n.  The  art  or  process  of  producing
   photolithographs.  <--  The process by which the image of a pattern is
   transferred  photographically  to a sensitive surface, and the surface
   subsequently  etched;  used  for  printing  or  in  the  production of
   integrated circuits. -->

                           Photologic, Photological

   Pho`to*log"ic  (?),  Pho`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to photology,
   or the doctrine of light.

                                  Photologist

   Pho*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who studies or expounds the laws of light.

                                   Photology

   Pho*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.] The doctrine
   or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.

                                 Photomagnetic

   Pho`to*mag*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.

                                Photomagnetism

   Pho`to*mag"net*ism  (?),  n. The branch of science which treats of the
   relation of magnetism to light.

                                Photomechanical

   Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al  (?),  a.  Pertaining  to,  or  designating,  any
   photographic  process  in which a printing surface is obtained without
   the intervention of hand engraving.

                                  Photometer

   Pho*tom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Photo-  +  -meter:  cf.  F.  photom\'8atre.]
   (Physics) An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more
   especially,  for  comparing  the  relative  intensities  of  different
   lights, or their relative illuminating power.

                          Photometric, Photometrical

   Pho`to*met"ric    (?),    Pho`to*met"ric*al    (?),    a.    [Cf.   F.
   photom\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.

                                Photometrician

   Pho*tom`e*tri"cian  (?),  n. One engaged in the scientific measurement
   of light.

                                  Photometry

   Pho*tom"e*try  (?), n. [Cf. F. photom\'82trie.] That branch of science
   which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.

                                Photomicrograph

   Pho`to*mi"cro*graph (?), n. [Photo- + micro + -graph.]

   1.  An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See
   Microphotograph.

   2. A microscopically small photograph of an object.

                               Photomicrography

   Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy (?), n. The art of producing photomicrographs.

                                  Photophobia

   Pho`to*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A dread or intolerance of
   light. Sir T. Watson.

                                  Photophone

   Pho"to*phone  (?),  n.  [Photo-  +  Gr. (Physics) An apparatus for the
   production of sound by the action of rays of light. A. G. Bell.

                                  Photophonic

   Pho`to*phon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photophone.

                                  Photophony

   Pho*toph"o*ny (?), n. The art or practice of using the photophone.

                                   Photopsia

   Pho*top"si*a  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An affection of the eye, in
   which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc.
   See phosphene.

                                   Photopsy

   Pho*top"sy (?), n. Same as Photopsia.

                                  Photorelief

   Pho`to*re*lief"  (?),  n.  A  printing  surface in relief, obtained by
   photographic means and subsequent manipulations. Knight.

                                  Photoscope

   Pho"to*scope  (?),  n.  [Photo- + -scope.] (Physics) Anything employed
   for the observation of light or luminous effects.

                                  Photoscopic

   Pho`to*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.

                                Photosculpture

   Pho`to*sculp"ture (?), n. [Photo- + sculpture.] A process in which, by
   means  of  a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different
   points  of  view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust
   of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.

                                  Photosphere

   Pho"to*sphere  (?), n. [Photo- + sphere.] A sphere of light; esp., the
   luminous envelope of the sun.

                                 Photospheric

   Pho`to*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photosphere.

                                  Phototonus

   Pho*tot"o*nus  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Photo-, and Tone.] (Bot.) A motile
   condition in plants resulting from exposure to light. -- Pho`to*ton"ic
   (#), a.

                                  Phototropic

   Pho`to*trop"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. (Bot.) Same as Heliotropic.

                                   Phototype

   Pho"to*type (?), n. [Photo- + -type.] A plate or block with a printing
   surface  (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one
   of  the  many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is
   obtained.

                                  Phototypic

   Pho`to*typ"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.

                                Phototypography

   Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + typography.] Same as Phototypy.

                                   Phototypy

   Pho*tot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of producing phototypes.

                                Photoxylography

   Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy  (?),  n.  [Photo-  + xylography.] The process of
   producing  a  representation of an object on wood, by photography, for
   the use of the wood engraver.

                                Photozincograph

   Pho`to*zin"co*graph  (?),  n.  A  print  made  by photozincography. --
   Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic, a.

                               Photozincography

   Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy  (?),  n.  [Photo-  +  zincography.]  A process,
   analogous    to   photolithography,   for   reproducing   photographed
   impressions transferred to zinc plate.

                                  Phragmocone

   Phrag"mo*cone  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  thin  chambered  shell
   attached   to   the   anterior  end  of  a  belemnite.  [Written  also
   phragmacone.]

                                 Phragmosiphon

   Phrag`mo*si"phon (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The siphon of a phragmocone.

                                    Phrasal

   Phras"al  (?),  a.  Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase;
   as, a phrasal adverb. Earlc.

                                    Phrase

   Phrase (?), n. [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr.

   1.  A  brief  expression,  sometimes a single word, but usually two or
   more  words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of
   a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase.

     "Convey"  the  wise  it  call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase.
     Shak.

   2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed;
   a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human.

   3.  A  mode  or  form  of speech; the manner or style in which any one
   expreses  himself;  diction;  expression.  "Phrases  of  the  hearth."
   Tennyson.

     Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst. Shak.

   4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a period.

     NOTE: &hand; A composition consists first of sentences, or periods;
     these are subdivided into sections, and these into phrases.

   Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.

                                    Phrase

   Phrase,  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Phrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.]
   [Cf.  F. phraser.] To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call;
   to style. "These suns -- for so they phrase 'em." Shak.

                                    Phrase

   Phrase, v. i.

   1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.]

   2.  (Mus.)  To  group  notes  into  phrases;  as, he phrases well. See
   Phrase, n., 4.

                                  Phraseless

   Phrase"less, a. Indescribable. Shak.

                                  Phraseogram

   Phra"se*o*gram  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -gram.]  (Phonography)  A symbol for a
   phrase.

                         Phraseologic, Phraseological

   Phra`se*o*log"ic  (?), Phra`se*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
   phraseology;  consisting  of a peculiar form of words. "This verbal or
   phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson.

                                 Phraseologist

   Phra`se*ol"o*gist (?), n. A collector or coiner of phrases.

                                  Phraseology

   Phra`se*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phras\'82ologie.]

   1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.

     Most completely national in his . . . phraseology. I. Taylor.

   2.  A  collection  of  phrases;  a  phrase book. [R.] Syn. -- Diction;
   style. See Diction.

                                   Phrasing

   Phras"ing (?), n.

   1. Method of expression; association of words.

   2.  (Mus.)  The  act  or  method  of  grouping the notes so as to form
   distinct musical phrases.

                                    Phratry

   Phra"try  (?),  n.; pl. Phratries (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A subdivision
   of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.

                                   Phreatic

   Phre*at"ic  (?),  a. [F. phr\'82atique, from Gr. (Geol.) Subterranean;
   -- applied to sources supplying wells.

                            Phrenetic, Phrenetical

   Phre*net"ic   (?),   Phre*net"ic*al   (?),  a.  [L.  phreneticus,  Gr.
   phr\'82n\'82tique.   See  Frantic,  and  cf.  Frenetic.]  Relating  to
   phrenitis;  suffering  from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic.
   -- Phre*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                   Phrenetic

   Phre*net"ic, n. One who is phrenetic. Harvey.
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   Page 1080
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   Page 1080

                                    Phrenic

   Phren"ic  (?),  a.[Gr.  phr\'82nique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
   diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve.

                                   Phrenics

   Phren"ics  (?),  n.  That branch of science which relates to the mind;
   mental philosophy. [R.]

                                   Phrenism

   Phre"nism (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Biol.) See Vital force, under Vital.

                                   Phrenitis

   Phre*ni"tis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Med.) Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain,
   attended with acute fever and delirium; -- called also cephalitis.

   2. See Frenzy.

                                  Phrenograph

   Phre"no*graph  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -graph.]  (Physiol.)  An instrument for
   registering   the   movements   of   the  diaphragm,  or  midriff,  in
   respiration.

                                  Phrenologer

   Phre*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phrenologist.

                                  Phrenologic

   Phren`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phr\'82nologique.] Phrenological.

                                 Phrenological

   Phren`o*log"ic*al   (?),   a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  phrenology.  --
   Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                 Phrenologist

   Phre*nol"o*gist  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  phr\'82nologiste.]  One versed in
   phrenology; a craniologist.

                                  Phrenology

   Phre*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phr\'82nologie.]

   1.  The  science  of the special functions of the several parts of the
   brain,  or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of
   the mind and particular organs in the brain.

   2.  In  popular  usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the
   mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of
   the  head  or  skull; craniology. <-- considered pseudo-science by all
   reputable medical personnel, but still believed by -->

     NOTE: &hand; Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of
     twenty-six  organs,  as  round  inclosures with vacant interspaces.
     Spurzheim  and  Combe  divided  the  whole  scalp  into  oblong and
     conterminous patches.

   Encyc.  Brit. <-- Illustr. of a chart of phrenology, showing the areas
   of the skull as "mapped" by Gall. -->

                                Phrenomagnetism

   Phre`no*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Gr. magnetism.] The power of exciting the
   organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.

                                   Phrenosin

   Phre"no*sin  (?),  n.  [See  Phrenic.]  (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous
   body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.

                                   Phrensied

   Phren"sied (?), p. p. & a. See Frenzied.

                                    Phrensy

   Phren"sy  (?),  n.  Violent  and  irrational excitement; delirium. See
   Frenzy.

                                    Phrensy

   Phren"sy, v. t. To render frantic.

                                   Phrentic

   Phren"tic (?), n. & a. See Phrenetic. [Obs.]

                                  Phryganeid

   Phry*ga"ne*id   (?),   n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  insect  belonging  to  the
   Phryganeides.

                                 Phryganeides

   Phryg`a*ne"i*des  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus,
   fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the
   caddice  flies;  -- called also Trichoptera. See Trichoptera. [Written
   also Phryganides.]

                                   Phrygian

   Phryg"i*an  (?),  a. [L. Phrygius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or
   to  its  inhabitants.  Phrygian  mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek
   modes, very bold and vehement in style; -- so called because fabled to
   have  been  invented by the Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
   -- Phrygian stone, a light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, -- used
   by the ancients in dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.

                                   Phrygian

   Phryg"i*an, n.

   1. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.

   2. (Eccl. Hist.) A Montanist.

                                   Phthalate

   Phthal"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid.

                                   Phthalein

   Phthal"e*in  (?),  n.  [See  Phthalic.]  (Chem.)  One  of  a series of
   artificial  organic  dyes made as condensation products of the phenols
   with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthale\'8bn. Their
   alkaline  solutions  are  fluorescent.  Phenol  phthalein,  a white or
   yellowish  white  crystalline  substance  made  from phthalic acid and
   phenol.  Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized
   by  acids,  and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as
   an indicator.

                                   Phthalic

   Phthal"ic  (?),  a.  [Naphthalene  +  -ic.]  (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating,  a  dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene
   and  allied  substances.  Phthalic  acid  (Chem.), a white crystalline
   substance,  C6H4.(CO2H)2,  analogous  to benzoic acid, and employed in
   the brilliant dyestuffs called the phthaleins.

                                   Phthalide

   Phthal"ide  (?), n. [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.) A lactone obtained
   by  reduction  of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance;
   hence,  by  extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper
   is the type. [Written also phthalid.] <-- phthalic anhydride? would be
   classed  as  an  acid  anhydride,  rather  than  a  lactone.  Obtained
   commercially by a different process. -->

                                  Phthalimide

   Phthal"i*mide  (?), n. [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.) An imido derivative
   of   phthalic   acid,  obtained  as  a  white  crystalline  substance,
   C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and
   forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido.

                                   Phthalin

   Phthal"in  (?),  n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance obtained
   by  reduction  from phthale\'8bn, into which it is easily converted by
   oxidation;  hence,  any  one of the series of which phthalin proper is
   the type.

                                   Phthalyl

   Phthal"yl  (?),  n. [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical
   of phthalic acid.<-- now usu. pthaloyl -->

                                  Phthiriasis

   Phthi*ri"a*sis   (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr.  (Med.)  A  disease  (morbus
   pediculous)  consisting in the excessive multiplication of lice on the
   human body.

                                   Phthisic

   Phthis"ic (?), n. Same as Phthisis.

                                  Phthisical

   Phthis"ic*al (?), a. [L. phthisicus, Gr. phthisique. See Phthisis.] Of
   or   pertaining   to   phthisis;   affected  with  phthisis;  wasting;
   consumptive.

                                  Phthisicky

   Phthis"ick*y  (?),  a.  Having  phthisis,  or  some  symptom of it, as
   difficulty in breathing.

                                 Phthisiology

   Phthis`i*ol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Phthisis  +  -logy.] (Med.) A treatise on
   phthisis. Dunglison.

                       Phthisipneumonia, Phthisipneumony

   Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a   (?),  Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny  (?),  n.  [NL.  See
   Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption.

                                   Phthisis

   Phthi"sis  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr.  phthisie.]  (Med.)  A  wasting or
   consumption  of  the  tissues.  The  term was formerly applied to many
   wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary phthisis,
   or consumption. See Consumption. Fibroid phthisis. See under Fibroid.

                                   Phthongal

   Phthon"gal  (?),  a.  [Gr.  Formed  into,  or characterized by, voice;
   vocalized;  --  said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the
   vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.

                                   Phthongal

   Phthon"gal, n. A vocalized element or letter.

                                 Phthongometer

   Phthon*gom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -meter.] An instrument for measuring
   vocal sounds. Whewell.

                                    Phthor

   Phthor  (?),  n.  [F. phthore, Gr. (Old Chem.) Fluorine. [Written also
   phthor.]

                                    Phycite

   Phy"cite (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) See Erythrite, 1.

                                  Phycochrome

   Phy"co*chrome  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Bot.) A bluish green coloring matter of
   certain alg\'91.

                           Phycocyanin, Phycocyanine

   Phy`co*cy"a*nin  (?),  Phy`co*cy"a*nine  (?),  n. [Gr. cyanin.] A blue
   coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.

                         Phycoerythrin, Phycoerythrine

   Phy`co*e*ryth"rin  (?),  Phy`co*e*ryth"rine  (?),  n.  [Gr.  erythrin,
   -ine.]  A  red  coloring  matter  found  in  alg\'91  of  the subclass
   Floride\'91.

                                  Phycography

   Phy*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of seaweeds.

                                   Phycology

   Phy*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of alg\'91, or seaweeds;
   algology.

                                  Phycomater

   Phy`co*ma"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mater mother.] (Bot.) A gelatin in
   which the alg\'91 spores have been supposed to vegetate.

                                Phycoph\'91ine

   Phy`co*ph\'91"ine  (?),  n.  [Gr.  A  brown  coloring  matter found in
   certain alg\'91.

                          Phycoxanthin, Phycoxanthine

   Phy`co*xan"thin   (?),  Phy`co*xan"thine  (?),  n.  [Gr.  A  yellowish
   coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.

                                   Phylacter

   Phy*lac"ter (?), n. A phylactery. Sandys.

                                  Phylactered

   Phy*lac"tered (?), a. Wearing a phylactery.

                          Phylacteric, Phylacterical

   Phyl`ac*ter"ic  (?),  Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to
   phylacteries.

                                  Phylactery

   Phy*lac"ter*y  (?),  n.;  pl.  Phylacteries  (#).  [OE.  filateri, OF.
   filatire,   filatiere,   F.   phylact\'8are,   L.   phylacterium,  Gr.
   Philatory.]

   1. Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.

   2.  A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin,
   containing  slips  of  parchment  or  vellum  on which are written the
   scriptural  passages  Exodus  xiii.  2-10,  and  11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9,
   13-22.  They  are  worn  by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day
   mornings, during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

   3.  Among  the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the
   dead were inclosed.

                                 Phylactocarp

   Phy*lac"to*carp  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  A branch of a plumularian
   hydroid  specially  modified  in  structure  for the protection of the
   gonothec\'91.

                      Phylactol\'91ma, Phylactol\'91mata

   Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma  (?), Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.
   Gr.  (Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water Bryozoa in which the tentacles
   are  arranged  on  a  horseshoe-shaped  lophophore,  and  the mouth is
   covered by an epistome. Called also Lophopoda, and hippocrepians.

                              Phylactol\'91matous

   Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*tous  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
   Phylactol\'91ma.

                         Phylactolema, Phylactolemata

   Phy*lac`to*le"ma (?), Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Same as Phylactol\'91ma.

                                   Phylarch

   Phy"larch  (?), n. [L. phylarchus, Gr. Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.)
   The chief of a phyle, or tribe.

                                   Phylarchy

   Phy"larch*y  (?),  n.  [Gr.  The office of a phylarch; government of a
   class or tribe.

                                     Phyle

   Phy"le  (?),  n.;  pl. Phyl\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. A local division of
   the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.

                                   Phyllite

   Phyl"lite  (?),  n.  [See  Phylo-.]  (Min.)  (a)  A mineral related to
   ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.

                                    Phyllo-

   Phyl"lo-  (?).  A  combining  form  from  Gr.  a  leaf; as, phyllopod,
   phyllotaxy.

                                Phyllobranchia

   Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a   (?),  n.;  pl.  Phyllobranci\'91  (#).  [NL.  See
   Phyllo-,  and  Branchia.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  crustacean  gill composed of
   lamell\'91.

                                 Phyllocladium

   Phyl`lo*cla"di*um  (?), n.; pl. Phyllocladia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
   A  flattened  stem  or branch which more or less resembles a leaf, and
   performs   the   function   of  a  leaf  as  regards  respiration  and
   assimilation.

                                 Phyllocyanin

   Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin  (?),  n. [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.) A blue coloring
   matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.]

                                  Phyllocyst

   Phyl"lo*cyst  (?),  n.  [Phyllo-  +  cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) The cavity of a
   hydrophyllium.

                                   Phyllode

   Phyl"lode (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Phyllodium.

                                 Phyllodineous

   Phyl`lo*din"eous   (?),   a.  (Bot.)  Having  phyllodia;  relating  to
   phyllodia.

                                  Phyllodium

   Phyl*lo"di*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Phyllodia  (#).  [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
   petiole  dilated  into  the form of a blade, and usually with vertical
   edges, as in the Australian acacias.

                                   Phyllody

   Phyl"lo*dy (?), n. [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde metamorphosis
   of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.

                                   Phylloid

   Phyl"loid (?), a. [Phyllo- + -oid.] Resembling a leaf.

                                  Phyllomania

   Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a  (?),  n.  [Phyllo-  +  mania.]  (Bot.) An abnormal or
   excessive production of leaves.

                                   Phyllome

   Phyl"lome  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Bot.)  A foliar part of a plant; any organ
   homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.

                                Phyllomorphosis

   Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis  (?),  n. [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.) The
   succession and variation of leaves during different seasons. R. Brown.

                                 Phyllophagan

   Phyl*loph"a*gan  (?),  n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of a group
   of marsupials including the phalangists. (b) One of a tribe of beetles
   which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.

                                 Phyllophagous

   Phyl*loph"a*gous   (?),   a.   (Zo\'94l.)   Substituting   on  leaves;
   leaf-eating.

                                 Phyllophorous

   Phyl*loph"o*rous (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.) Leaf-bearing; producing
   leaves.

                                   Phyllopod

   Phyl"lo*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Phyllopoda.

     NOTE: [Also used adjectively.]

                                  Phyllopoda

   Phyl*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   Entomostraca  including  a large number of species, most of which live
   in  fresh  water.  They  have  flattened  or leaflike legs, often very
   numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also Branchiopoda.

     NOTE: &hand; In  so me, th e bo dy is  covered with a bivalve shell
     (Holostraca);  in  others,  as  Apus,  by  a shield-shaped carapace
     (Monostraca);  in  others,  like Artemia, there is no carapace, and
     the  body  is  regularly  segmented. Sometimes the group is made to
     include also the Cladocera.

                                 Phyllopodous

   Phyl*lop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.

                                  Phyllorhine

   Phyl"lo*rhine  (?),  a.  [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to
   Phyllorhina  and  other  related  genera  of bats that have a leaflike
   membrane around the nostrils.

                                  Phyllosoma

   Phyl`lo*so"ma  (?),  n.  [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zo\'94l.)
   The  larva  of  the  spiny lobsters (Palinurus and allied genera). Its
   body  is  remarkably  thin,  flat,  and transparent; the legs are very
   long. Called also glass-crab, and glass-shrimp.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1081

                                  Phyllostome

   Phyl"lo*stome  (?),  n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bat of the genus
   Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes around the mouth
   and nose; a nose-leaf bat.

                                 Phylloltomid

   Phyl*lol"to*mid (?), n. A phyllostome.

                                 Phyllotactic

   Phyl`lo*tac"tic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.

                            Phyllotaxy, Phyllotaxis

   Phyl"lo*tax`y  (?),  Phyl"lo*tax`is  (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.) The
   order  or  arrangement  of  leaves  on  the  stem;  the science of the
   relative position of leaves.

                                   Phyllous

   Phyl"lous  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Homologous  with  a leaf; as, the sepals,
   petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs.

                                 Phylloxanthin

   Phyl`lo*xan"thin  (?),  n.  [Phyllo-  +  Gr.  (Bot.) A yellow coloring
   matter extracted from chlorophyll.

                                  Phylloxera

   Phyl`lox*e"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

   1. (Zo\'94l.) A small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix) allied
   to the aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing
   great damage, especially in Europe.

     NOTE: &hand; It  exists in several forms, some of which are winged,
     other  wingless.  One  form produces galls on the leaves and twigs,
     another  affects  the  roots, causing galls or swellings, and often
     killing the vine.

   2.  The  diseased  condition  of  a  vine  caused  by  the insect just
   described.

                            Phylogenesis, Phylogeny

   Phy`lo*gen"e*sis  (?),  Phy*log"e*ny  (?), n. [Gr. genesis, or root of
   Gr.  The  history  of genealogical development; the race history of an
   animal  or  vegetable  type;  the  historic exolution of the phylon or
   tribe,  in  distinction  from  ontogeny,  or  the  development  of the
   individual   organism,   and  from  biogenesis,  or  life  development
   generally.

                                 Phylogenetic

   Phy*lo*ge*net"ic (?), a. Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history
   of a type of organism. -- Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

                                    Phylon

   Phy"lon (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) A tribe.

                                    Phylum

   Phy"lum  (?),  n.;  pl. Phyla (#). [NL. See Phylon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
   the  larger  divisions  of  the  animal  kingdom;  a  branch;  a grand
   division.

                                     Phyma

   Phy"ma  (?),  n.;  pl. Phymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A tubercle on
   any external part of the body.

                                     Physa

   Phy"sa  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  genus of fresh-water
   Pulmonifera,  having  reversed  spiral  shells.  See Pond snail, under
   Pond.

                                   Physalia

   Phy*sa"li*a  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large oceanic
   Siphonophora which includes the Portuguese man-of-war.

     NOTE: &hand; It  ha s a  la rge air sac, or float, with a sail-like
     crest  on  its  upper  side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are
     attached  to  the  under side of the float. Some of the zooids have
     very  long  tentacles;  some  have  a mouth and digest food; others
     produce  gonophores.  The  American  species (Physalia arethusa) is
     brilliantly  colored,  the  float  being pink or purple, and bright
     blue;  the  zooids  blue.  It  is  noted  for its virulent stinging
     powers,  as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions, and
     its ability to sail to windward.

                                  Physali\'91

   Phy*sa"li*\'91  (?),  n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Siphonophora
   which includes Physalia.

                                  Physemaria

   Phys`e*ma"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of simple
   marine  organisms,  usually classed as the lowest of the sponges. They
   have inflated hollow bodies.

                                   Physeter

   Phy*se"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. phys\'82t\'8are.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) The genus that includes the sperm whale.

   2. A filtering machine operated by air pressure.

                                 Physianthropy

   Phys`i*an"thro*py  (?),  n.  [Gr. The philosophy of human life, or the
   doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.

                                    Physic

   Phys"ic  (?),  n.  [OE.  phisike,  fisike,  OF.  phisique, F. physique
   knowledge of nature, physics, L. physica, physice, fr. Gr. be. See Be,
   and cf. Physics, Physique.]

   1. The art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or
   practice  of  medicine.<--  obsolete  -- superseded by medicine --> "A
   doctor of physik." Chaucer.

   2. A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness;
   a remedy for disease; a medicine.

   3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.

   4. A physician. [R.] Shak.
   Physic  nut  (Bot.),  a  small  tropical  American euphorbiaceous tree
   (Jatropha Curcas), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain
   a  drastic  oil  which  renders  them  dangerous  if  eaten  in  large
   quantities.

                                    Physic

   Phys"ic  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Physiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Physicking (?).]

   1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a
   cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.

   2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.

     The labor we delight in physics pain. Shak.

     A mind diseased no remedy can physic. Byron.

                                   Physical

   Phys"ic*al (?), a.

   1.  Of  or pertaining to nature (as including all created existences);
   in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or relating to natural
   or  material  things, or to the bodily structure, as opposed to things
   mental,  moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; natural; as, armies
   and  navies  are  the  physical  force  of  a  nation; the body is the
   physical part of man.

     Labor,  in the physical world, is . . . employed in putting objects
     in motion. J. S. Mill.

     A  society  sunk  in  ignorance,  and ruled by mere physical force.
     Macaulay.

   2. Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or
   relating  to,  the  causes  and  connections of natural phenomena; as,
   physical science; physical laws. "Physical philosophy." Pope.

   3.  Perceptible  through a bodily or material organization; cognizable
   by  the  senses;  external;  as,  the  physical,  opposed to chemical,
   characters of a mineral.

   4.  Of  or  pertaining  to  physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal;
   curative;   healing;  also,  cathartic;  purgative.  [Obs.]  "Physical
   herbs." Sir T. North.

     Is  Brutus  sick?  and is it physical To walk unbraced, and suck up
     the humors Of the dank morning? Shak.

   Physical  astronomy, that part of astronomy which treats of the causes
   of  the  celestial  motions;  specifically,  that  which treats of the
   motions  resulting  from universal gravitation. -- Physical education,
   training  of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion
   of health and vigor. -- Physical examination (Med.), an examination of
   the  bodily  condition  of  a person. -- Physical geography. See under
   Geography. -- Physical point, an indefinitely small portion of matter;
   a  point  conceived  as  being  without extension, yet having physical
   properties,  as  weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point. --
   Physical  signs  (Med.),  the  objective  signs  of  the  bodily state
   afforded by a physical examination.

                                  Physically

   Phys"ic*al*ly,  adv.  In  a  physical manner; according to the laws of
   nature or physics; by physical force; not morally.

     I am not now treating physically of light or colors. Locke.

   2. According to the rules of medicine. [Obs.]

     He that lives physically must live miserably. Cheyne.

                                   Physician

   Phy*si"cian   (?),  n.  [OE.  fisician,  fisicien,  OF.  physucien,  a
   physician,  in  F.,  a  natural  philosopher,  an  experimentalist  in
   physics. See Physic.]

   1.  A  person  skilled  in  physic,  or  the  art of healing; one duty
   authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor of
   medicine.<--  one  trained and licensed to treat illness and prescribe
   medicines. -->

   2.  Hence,  figuratively,  one  who ministers to moral diseases; as, a
   physician of the soul.

                                  Physicianed

   Phy*si"cianed  (?),  a. Licensed as a physician. [Obs.] "A physicianed
   apothecary." Walpole.

                                   Physicism

   Phys"i*cism   (?),  n.  The  tendency  of  the  mind  toward,  or  its
   preoccupation  with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and
   religion.

     Anthropomorphism  grows into theology, while physicism (if I may so
     call it) develops into science. Huxley.

                                   Physicist

   Phys"i*cist (?), n. One versed in physics.

   2.  (Biol.) A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of
   life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles;
   -- opposed to vitalist.

                                  Physicking

   Phys"ick*ing (?), p. pr. & vb. n. fr. Physic, v. t.

                                   Physico-

   Phys"i*co-  (?).  [Fr.  Gr. A combining form, denoting relation to, or
   dependence upon, natural causes, or the science of physics.

                                Physicochemical

   Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Physico-  +  chemical.] Involving the
   principles  of  both  physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced
   by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies. Huxley.

                                 Physicologic

   Phys`i*co*log"ic  (?),  n.  [Physico-  +  logic.] Logic illustrated by
   physics.

                                Physicological

   Phys`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physicologic. Swift.

                                  Physicology

   Phys`i*col"o*gy   (?),   n.  [Physico-  +  -logy.]  Physics.  [R.]  --
   Phys`i*col"o*gist (#), n. [R.]

                              Physico-mathematics

   Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics  (?),  n.  [Physico-  +  mathematics.]  Mixed
   mathematics.

                              Physico-philosophy

   Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy   (?),   n.   [Physico-   +  philosophy.]  The
   philosophy of nature.

                               Physico-theology

   Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Physico-  +  theology.]  Theology or
   divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.

                                    Physics

   Phys"ics  (?),  n.  [See Physic.] The science of nature, or of natural
   objects;  that  branch  of  science  which  treats  of  the  laws  and
   properties  of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that
   department   of  natural  science  which  treats  of  the  causes  (as
   gravitation,  heat,  light,  magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify
   the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy.

     NOTE: &hand; Ch emistry, th ough a  br anch of  general physics, is
     commonly  treated  as  a  science by itself, and the application of
     physical  principles  which  it involves constitute a branch called
     chemical  physics,  which  treats more especially of those physical
     properties  of  matter  which  are used by chemists in defining and
     distinguishing substances.

                                  Physiocrat

   Phys"i*o*crat  (?), n. [Gr. One of the followers of Quesnay of France,
   who,  in the 18th century, founded a system of political economy based
   upon the supremacy of natural order. F. A. Walker. -- Phys`i*o*crat"ic
   (#), a.

                                  Physiogeny

   Phys`i*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The germ history of the functions,
   or  the  history  of  the  development  of  vital  activities,  in the
   individual,  being  one  of  the branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny.
   Haeckel.

                                 Physiognomer

   Phys`i*og"no*mer (?), n. Physiognomist.

                         Physiognomic, Physiognomical

   Phys`i*og*nom"ic     (?),    Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al    (?),    a.    [Gr.
   physiognomonique.] Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the
   principles of physiognomy. -- Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                 Physiognomist

   Phys`i*og*nom"ist (?), n. Same as Physiognomy, 1.

                                 Physiognomist

   Phys`i*og"no*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiognomiste.]

   1. One skilled in physiognomy. Dryden.

   2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy. Holland.

                                 Physiognomize

   Phys`i*og"no*mize  (?), v. t. To observe and study the physiognomy of.
   [R.] Southey.

                                Physiognommonic

   Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic (?), a. Physiognomic.

                                  Physiognomy

   Phys`i*og"no*my  (?),  n.;  pl.  Physiognomies  (#).  [OE.  fisonomie,
   phisonomie, fisnamie, OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie, physiognomonie,
   from Gr. Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.]

   1.  The  art  and  science  of discovering the predominant temper, and
   other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance,
   especially by the features of the face.

   2.  The  face  or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind;
   particular  configuration,  cast,  or  expression  of  countenance, as
   denoting character.

   3.  The  art  telling  fortunes  by inspection of the features. [Obs.]
   Bale.

   4.  The  general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to
   its  scientific characteristics; as, the physiognomy of a plant, or of
   a meteor.

                                  Physiogony

   Phys`i*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. The birth of nature. [R.] Coleridge.

                        Physiographic, Physiographical

   Phys`i*o*graph"ic   (?),   Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al   (?),   a.   [Cf.  F.
   physiographique.] Of or pertaining to physiography.

                                 Physiography

   Phys`i*og"ra*phy  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -graphy:  cf. F. physiographie.] The
   science  which  treats  of  the  earth's  exterior  physical features,
   climate,  life,  etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the
   earth's  surface,  as  the  currents  of the atmosphere and ocean, the
   secular  variations  in  heat,  moisture,  magnetism,  etc.;  physical
   geography.

                                  Physiolatry

   Phys`i*ol"a*try  (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the powers or agencies of
   nature;  materialism  in religion; nature worship. "The physiolatry of
   the Vedas." M. Williams.

                                  Physiologer

   Phys`i*ol"o*ger (?), n. A physiologist.

                                  Physiologic

   Phys`i*o*log"ic   (?),   a.  [L.  physiologicus,  Gr.  physiologique.]
   Physiological.

                                 Physiological

   Phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to
   the  science  of  the  functions of living organism; as, physiological
   botany or chemistry.

                                Physiologically

   Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physiological manner.

                                 Physiologist

   Phys`i*ol"o*gist  (?), n. [Cf. F. physiologiste.] One who is versed in
   the  science  of physiology; a student of the properties and functions
   of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.

                                 Physiologize

   Phys`i*ol"o*gize  (?),  v.  i.  To  speculate  in  physiology; to make
   physiological investigations. Cudworth.

                                  Physiology

   Phys`i*ol"o*gy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Physiologies (#). [L. physiologia, Gr.
   physiologie.]

   1.  The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the
   study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.

     NOTE: &hand; It  is  di vided into animal and vegetable physiology,
     dealing  with  animal and vegetable life respectively. When applied
     especially to a study of the functions of the organs and tissues in
     man, it is called human physiology.

   2. A treatise on physiology.
   Mental  physiology,  the science of the functions and phenomena of the
   mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same.

                                  Physiophyly

   Phys`i*oph"y*ly  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Biol.)  The  tribal  history  of the
   functions,  or the history of the paleontological development of vital
   activities, -- being a branch of phylogeny. See Morphophyly. Haeckel.

                                   Physique

   Phy*sique"  (?),  n.  [F.  See  Physic.]  The natural constitution, or
   physical structure, of a person.

     With his white hair and splendid physique. Mrs. Stowe.

                                   Physnomy

   Phys"no*my (?), n. Physiogmony. [Obs.]

                                  Physoclist

   Phys"o*clist, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Physoclisti.

                                  Physoclisti

   Phys`o*clis"ti  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   teleost in which the air bladder has no opening.

                                  Physograde

   Phys"o*grade   (?),  n.  [Gr.  gradi  to  walk,  go.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Any
   siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the Physalia.

                                 Physophor\'91

   Phy*soph"o*r\'91  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   Siphonophora,  furnished  with  an  air sac, or float, and a series of
   nectocalyces. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

                                   Physopod

   Phy"so*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Physopoda; a thrips.

                                   Physopoda

   Phy*sop"o*da  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Thysanoptera.

                                 Physostigmine

   Phy`so*stig"mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean
   (the  seed  of  Physostigma  venenosum),  and  extracted  as  a white,
   tasteless,  substance,  amorphous  or  crystalline; -- formerly called
   eserine, with which it was regarded as identical.

                                  Physostomi

   Phy*sos"to*mi  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes
   in  which  the  air  bladder  is provided with a duct, and the ventral
   fins,  when present, are abdominal. It includes the salmons, herrings,
   carps, catfishes, and others.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1082

                                 Physostomous

   Phy*sos"to*mous  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  Having  a  duct to the air
   bladder. (b) Pertaining to the Physostomi.

                                  Phytelephas

   Phy*tel"e*phas  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of South American
   palm  trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called vegetable
   ivory.

                                  Phytivorous

   Phy*tiv"o*rous  (?),  a. [Phyto- + L. vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding
   on plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, phytivorous animals. Ray.

                                    Phyto-

   Phy"to-  (?).  [See Physic.] A combining form from Gr. fyto`n a plant;
   as, phytochemistry, phytography.

                                 Phytochemical

   Phy`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. Relating to phytochemistry. R. Hunt.

                                Phytochemistry

   Phy"to*chem"is*try  (?),  n.  [Phyto-  +  chemistry.] Chemistry in its
   relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry. R. Hunt.

                                  Phytochimy

   Phy*toch"i*my   (?),   n.  [F.  phytochimie;  Gr.  chimie  chemistry.]
   Phytochemistry. [Obsoles.]

                            Phytogenesis, Phytogeny

   Phy`to*gen"e*sis  (?), Phy*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Phyto- + genesis, or root
   of Gr. The doctrine of the generation of plants.

                               Phytogeographical

   Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phytogeography.

                                Phytogeography

   Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy  (?),  n.  [Phyto-  + geography.] The geographical
   distribution of plants.

                                 Phytoglyphic

   Phy`to*glyph"ic (?), a. Relating to phytoglyphy.

                                  Phytoglyphy

   Phy*tog"ly*phy  (?),  n.  [Phyto-  +  Gr.  See  Nature printing, under
   Nature.

                                Phytographical

   Phy`to*graph"ic*al  (?),  a. [Cf. F. phytographique.] Of or pertaining
   to phytography.

                                  Phytography

   Phy*tog"ra*phy  (?),  n.  [Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F. phytographie.] The
   science   of  describing  plants  in  a  systematic  manner;  also,  a
   description of plants.

                                    Phytoid

   Phy"toid (?), a. [Phyto- + -oid.] Resembling a plant; plantlike.

                                  Phytolacca

   Phy`to*lac"ca  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. lacca lac.] (Bot.) A genus of
   herbaceous  plants,  some  of  them  having  berries  which  abound in
   intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.

                                   Phytolite

   Phy"to*lite  (?),  n. [Phyto- + -lite: cf. F. phytolithe.] An old name
   for a fossil plant.

                               Phytolithologist

   Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist   (?),   n.  One  versed  in  phytolithology;  a
   paleobotanist.

                                Phytolithology

   Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Phyto-  +  lithology.]  The  branch of
   science  which treats of fossil plants; -- usually called paleobotany,
   sometimes paleophytology.

                                 Phytological

   Phy`to*log"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. phytologique.] Of or pertaining to
   phytology; botanical.

                                  Phytologist

   Phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a
   botanist. Evelyn.

                                   Phytology

   Phy*tol"o*gy  (?), n. [Phyto- + -logy: cf. F. phytologie.] The science
   of  plants;  a  description  of  the  kinds  and properties of plants;
   botany. Sir T. Browne.

                             Phytomer, Phytomeron

   Phy"to*mer  (?), Phy*tom"e*ron (?), n. [NL. phytomeron, fr. Gr. (Bot.)
   An organic element of a flowering plant; a phyton.

                                    Phyton

   Phy"ton  (?),  n.;  pl.  Phytons  (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) One of the
   parts  which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being
   a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.

                                   Phytonomy

   Phy*ton"o*my  (?),  n.  [Phyto-  + Gr. phytonomie.] The science of the
   origin and growth of plants.

                               Phytopathologist

   Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in diseases of plants.

                                Phytopathology

   Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Phyto-  +  pathology.]  The science of
   diseases to which plants are liable.

                                  Phytophaga

   Phy*toph"a*ga  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   Hymenoptera; the sawflies.

                                  Phytophagic

   Phy`to*phag"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Phytophagous.

                                 Phytophagous

   Phy*toph"a*gous  (?),  a.  [Phyto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Feeding on plants;
   herbivorous; as, a phytophagous animal.

                                  Phytophagy

   Phy*toph"a*gy (?), n. The eating of plants.

                                Phytophysiology

   Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy   (?),   n.  [Phyto-  +  physiology.]  Vegetable
   physiology.

                                  Phytotomist

   Phy*tot"o*mist (?), n. One versed in phytotomy.

                                   Phytotomy

   Phy*tot"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. The dissection of plants; vegetable
   anatomy.

                                  Phytozoaria

   Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Phytozo\'94n.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
   as Infusoria.

                                 Phytozo\'94n

   Phy`to*zo"\'94n  (?), n.; pl. Phytozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
   plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to zo\'94phytes.

                                     Phyz

   Phyz (?), n. See Phiz.

                                      Pi

   Pi  (?),  n.  [See Pica, Pie magpie, service-book.] (Print.) A mass of
   type  confusedly  mixed or unsorted. [Written also pie.] <-- math. the
   ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle -->

                                      Pi

   Pi,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pied  (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pieing (?).]
   (Print.) To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix
   and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.]

                                  Pia\'87aba

   Pi*a\'87"a*ba (?), n. See Piassava.

                                    Piacle

   Pi"a*cle  (?),  n.  [L.  piaculum a propitiatory sacrifice, that which
   requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. piare to appease, to expiate,
   pius pious.] A heinous offense which requires expiation. [R.] Howell.

                                   Piacular

   Pi*ac"u*lar (?), a. [L. piacularis: cf. F. piaculaire.]

   1. Expiatory; atoning. Sir G. C. Lewis.

   2.   Requiring   expiation;   criminal;   atrociously  bad.  "Piacular
   pollution." De Quincey.

                                  Piacularity

   Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty  (?),  n.  The  quality  or  state of being piacular;
   criminality; wickedness. De Quincey.

                                   Piaculous

   Pi*ac"u*lous (?), a. Same as Piacular.

                                     Pial

   Pi"al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the pia mater.

                                   Pia mater

   Pi"a  ma"ter (?). [NL., fr. L. pia (fem. of pius tender, kind) + mater
   mother.] (Anat.) The delicate and highly vascular membrane immediately
   investing the brain and spinal cord.

                                     Pian

   Pian  (?),  n. [Pg. pian, epian, or. Sp. pian; from the native name in
   South America: cf. F. pian.] (Med.) The yaws. See Yaws.

                                    Pianet

   Pi"a*net`  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Pie  magpie.]  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  The magpie.
   [Written also pianate, and pyenate.] (b) The lesser woodpecker. [Obs.]
   Bailey.

                                   Pianette

   Pi*a*nette" (?), n. [Dim. of piano.] (Mus.) A small piano; a pianino.

                                    Pianino

   Pi`a*ni"no  (?),  n.  [It.,  dim.  of piano, adj. See Piano.] (Mus.) A
   pianette, or small piano.

                                  Pianissimo

   Pi`a*nis"si*mo  (?), a.[It., superl. of piano.] (Mus.) Very soft; -- a
   direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. pp.)

                                    Pianist

   Pi*an"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. pianiste, It. pianista.] A performer, esp. a
   skilled performer, on the piano.

                                     Piano

   Pi*a"no  (?),  a. & adv. [It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. planus even,
   level.]  (Mus.)  Soft;  --  a  direction to the performer to execute a
   certain  passage  softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev.
   p.)

                               Piano, Pianoforte

   Pi*an"o  (?),  Pi*an"o*for`te  (?),  n. [It. piano soft (fr. L. planus
   even,  smooth;  see  Plain, a.) + It. forte strong, fr. L. fortis (see
   Fort).] (Mus.) A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the
   harpsichord,  and consisting of a sreies of wires of graduated length,
   thickness,  and  tension, struck by hammers moved by keys. Dumb piano.
   See  Digitorium. -- Grand piano. See under Grand. -- Square piano, one
   with a horizontal frame and an oblong case. -- Upright piano, one with
   an upright frame and vertical wires.

                                  Pianograph

   Pi*an"o*graph  (?), n. [Piano + -graph.] (Mus.) A form of melodiograph
   applied to a piano.

                                    Piapec

   Pi"a*pec  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Pie a magpie.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African pie
   (Ptilostomus Senegalensis).

                                    Piarist

   Pi"a*rist  (?),  n.  [L.  pius  pious.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious
   order  who  are  the  regular  clerks  of  the  Scuole  Pie (religious
   schools),  an institute of secondary education, founded at Rome in the
   last years of the 16th century. Addis & Arnold.

                                   Piassava

   Pi*as"sa*va  (?), n. [Pg. piasaba.] A fibrous product of two Brazilian
   palm  trees  (Attalea  funifera  and Leopoldinia Piassaba), -- used in
   making  brooms,  and  for  other  purposes. Called also pia\'87aba and
   piasaba.

                                    Piaster

   Pi*as"ter  (?),  n.  [F. piastre, It. piastra a thin plate of metal, a
   dollar, LL. piastra, fr. L. emplastrum. See Plaster.] A silver coin of
   Spain  and  various  other  countries.  See  Peso. The Spanish piaster
   (commonly  called  peso,  or  peso  duro) is of about the value of the
   American  dollar.  The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to
   100  cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four
   and a half cents.

                                    Piastre

   Pi*as"tre (?), n. See Piaster.

                                    Piation

   Pi*a"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  piatio.  See  Piacle.]  The  act  of  making
   atonement; expiation. [Obs.]

                                    Piatti

   Pi*at"ti  (?),  n.  pl. [It., prop., plates.] (Mus.) Cymbals. [Written
   also pyatti.]

                                    Piazza

   Pi*az"za  (?), n.; pl. Piazzas (#). [It., place, square, market place,
   L.  platea street, courtyard. See Place.] An open square in a European
   town, especially an Italian town; hence (Arch.), an arcaded and roofed
   gallery; a portico. In the United States the word is popularly applied
   to a veranda.

     We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in piazzas. Jer. Taylor.

                                    Pibcorn

   Pib"corn`  (?), n. [W. pib pipe + corn horn.] (Mus.) A wind instrument
   or pipe, with a horn at each end, -- used in Wales.

                                    Pibroch

   Pi"broch  (?), n. [Gael. piobaireachd pipe music, fr. piobair a piper,
   fr.  pioba  pipe, bagpipe, from English. See Pipe, n.] A Highland air,
   suited  to  the  particular  passion  which  the musician would either
   excite  or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on
   the  bagpipe  before  the  Highlanders  when  they  go  out to battle.
   Jamieson.

                                      Pic

   Pic  (?), n. [Cf. F. pic.] A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to
   28 inches.

                                     Pica

   Pi"ca (?), n. [L. pica a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some
   resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. Pie magpie.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) The genus that includes the magpies.

   2.  (Med.)  A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as
   chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia.

   3. (R. C. Ch.) A service-book. See Pie. [Obs.]

   4.  (Print.)  A  size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller
   than English.

     NOTE: &hand; This line is printed in pica

     NOTE: &hand; Pi ca is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a
     standard  of measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and
     also  as  a  standard by which to designate several larger kinds of
     type, as double pica, two-line pica, four-line pica, and the like.

   Small  pica (Print.), a size of type next larger than long primer, and
   smaller than pica.

     NOTE: &hand; This line is printed in small pica

                                    Picador

   Pic`a*dor"  (?),  n.  [Sp.]  A  horseman  armed with a lance, who in a
   bullfight  receives  the  first attack of the bull, and excites him by
   picking him without attempting to kill him.

                                    Picamar

   Pic"a*mar`  (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + amarus bitter.] (Chem.) An
   oily  liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar.
   It consists essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol.

                                   Picapare

   Pic"a*pare (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The finfoot.

                                    Picard

   Pic"ard  (?),  n.  (Eccl.  Hist.)  One  of  a  sect of Adamites in the
   fifteenth  century;  --  so  called  from  one Picard of Flanders. See
   Adamite.

                                  Picaresque

   Pic`a*resque"  (?),  a.  [F.,  fr.  Sp. picaro rogue.] Applied to that
   class  of  literature  in which the principal personage is the Spanish
   picaro, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer.

                                  Picari\'91

   Pi*ca"ri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.)
   An  extensive  division  of  birds  which  includes  the  woodpeckers,
   toucans,   trogons,  hornbills,  kingfishers,  motmots,  rollers,  and
   goatsuckers.  By  some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos,
   swifts, and humming birds.

                                   Picarian

   Pi*ca"ri*an  (?),  a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Picari\'91. -- n.
   One of the Picari\'91.

                                   Picaroon

   Pic`a*roon"  (?),  n.  [Sp.  picaron,  aug.  of  picaro roguish, n., a
   rogue.] One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate;
   a corsair; a marauder; a sharper. Sir W. Temple.

                                   Picayune

   Pic`a*yune" (?), n. [From the language of the Caribs.] A small coin of
   the  value of six and a quarter cents. See Fippenny bit. [Local, U.S.]
   <-- adj. picayunish; small-minded -->

                                  Picayunish

   Pic`a*yun"ish  (?), a. Petty; paltry; mean; as, a picayunish business.
   [Colloq. U.S.]

                             Piccadil, Piccadilly

   Pic"ca*dil  (?),  Pic`ca*dil"ly  (?),  n. [OF. piccagilles the several
   divisions  of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of
   a doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. picado, p.p. of picar to prick. See Pike.] A
   high,  stiff  collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt
   of a garment, -- worn by men in the 17th century.

                                    Piccage

   Pic"cage  (?),  n.  [LL.  piccadium, fr. F. piquer to prick.] (O. Eng.
   Law)  Money  paid  at  fairs  for  leave  to  break ground for booths.
   Ainsworth.

                                  Piccalilli

   Pic"ca*lil`li  (?),  n.  A  pickle  of various vegetables with pungent
   species, -- originally made in the East Indies.

                                    Piccolo

   Pic"co*lo (?), n. [It., small.]

   1.  (Mus.)  A  small,  shrill  flute,  the pitch of which is an octave
   higher than the ordinary flute; an octave flute.

   2. (Mus.) A small upright piano.

   3. (Mus.) An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.

                                     Pice

   Pice  (?), n. [Hind. pais\'be] A small copper coin of the East Indies,
   worth less than a cent. Malcom.

                                     Picea

   Pic"e*a (?), n. [L., the pitch pine, from pix, picis, pitch.] (Bot.) A
   genus  of  coniferous  trees  of the northen hemisphere, including the
   Norway  spruce  and  the American black and white spruces. These trees
   have  pendent  cones, which do not readily fall to pieces, in this and
   other respects differing from the firs.

                                    Picene

   Pi"cene (?), n. [See Piceous.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon (C

                                    Piceous

   Pic"e*ous (?), a. [L. piceus, fr. pix, picis, pitch.] Of or pertaining
   to pitch; resembling pitch in color or quality; pitchy.

                                    Pichey

   Pi"chey  (?),  n.  [Native  name.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  Brazilian armadillo
   (Dasypus minutus); the little armadillo. [Written also pichiy.]

                                  Pichiciago

   Pi`chi*ci*a"go  (?),  n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, burrowing,
   South  American  edentate  (Chlamyphorus  truncatus),  allied  to  the
   armadillos.  The  shell is attached only along the back. [Written also
   pichyciego.]

                                 Pichurim bean

   Pich"u*rim  bean`  (?). (Bot.) The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree
   (Nectandra  Puchury)  of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and
   of  sassafras,  --  sometimes  used medicinally. Called also sassafras
   nut.

                                     Pici

   Pi"ci  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks.

                                   Piciform

   Pi"ci*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Piciformes.

                                  Piciformes

   Pic`i*for"mes  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL. See Picus, and -Form.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   group  of  birds  including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies,
   kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups.

                                    Picine

   Pi"cine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (Pici),
   or to the Piciformes.

                                     Pick

   Pick  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Picked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picking.]
   [OE.  picken,  pikken, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. pikka, Sw. picka,
   Dan.  pikke,  D.  pikken, G. picken, F. piquer, W. pigo. Cf. Peck, v.,
   Pike, Pitch to throw.]

   1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.]

     As high as I could pick my lance. Shak.

   2.  To  peck  at,  as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything
   pointed;  to  act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick,
   as with a pin.

   3.  To  separate  or  open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to
   pick matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc.

   4. To open (a lock) as by a wire.

   5.  To  pull  apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to
   gather,  as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a
   fowl, etc.

   6.  To  remove  something  from  with  a  pointed instrument, with the
   fingers,  or with the teeth; as, to pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to
   pick a goose; to pick a pocket.

     Did you pick Master Slender's purse? Shak.

     He  picks  clean  teeth,  and,  busy as he seems With an old tavern
     quill, is hungry yet. Cowper.

   7.  To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull;
   as,  to pick one's company; to pick one's way; -- often with out. "One
   man picked out of ten thousand." Shak.

   8.  To  take  up;  esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to
   bring  together;  as, to pick rags; -- often with up; as, to pick up a
   ball or stones; to pick up information.

   9. To trim. [Obs.] Chaucer.
   To  pick  at,  to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance. -- To pick a
   bone  with. See under Bone. -- To pick a thank, to curry favor. [Obs.]
   Robynson  (More's  Utopia). -- To pick off. (a) To pluck; to remove by
   picking.  (b)  To  shoot  or bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters
   pick off the enemy. -- To pick out. (a) To mark out; to variegate; as,
   to  pick  out any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors. (b)
   To  select  from  a  number or quantity. -- To pick to pieces, to pull
   apart  piece by piece; hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize
   in  detail.  --  To  pick  a  quarrel,  to  give  occasion  of quarrel
   intentionally. -- To pick up. (a) To take up, as with the fingers. (b)
   To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, to pick up a
   livelihood;  to  pick  up  news.<--  (c)  to  acquire  (an  infectious
   disease);  as,  to  pick  up  a  cold  on the airplane. (d) To meet (a
   person)  and  induce  to  accompany  one; as, to pick up a date at the
   mall. [See several other defs in MW10] -->
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   Page 1083

                                     Pick

   Pick (?), v. i.

   1. To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble.<-- = to pick at
   -->

     Why stand'st thou picking? Is thy palate sore? Dryden.

   2.  To  do  anything  nicely  or  carefully,  or by attending to small
   things; to select something with care.

   3.  To steal; to pilfer. "To keep my hands from picking and stealing."
   Book of Com. Prayer.
   To  pick  up, to improve by degrees; as, he is picking up in health or
   business.  [Colloq.  U.S.]<--  or,  to  increase gradually, as the car
   picked up speed rolling downhill -->
   
                                     Pick
                                       
   Pick, n. [F. pic a pickax, a pick. See Pick, and cf. Pike.] 

   1. A sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used in composition; as,
   a toothpick; a picklock.

   2. (Mining & Mech.) A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at
   both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle,
   --  used  by  quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used
   for dressing millstones.<-- used for digging -->

   3.  A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler.
   [Obs.]  "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't." Beau. &
   Fl.

   4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's pick.

     France and Russia have the pick of our stables. Ld. Lytton.

   5.  That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the pick
   of the flock.

   6.  (Print.)  A  particle  of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a
   letter,  filling  up  its  face,  and  occasioning a spot on a printed
   sheet. MacKellar.

   7.  (Painting)  That  which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to
   correct an unevenness in a picture.

   8.  (Weawing)  The blow which drives the shuttle, -- the rate of speed
   of  a  loom  being  reckoned  as  so  many picks per minute; hence, in
   describing  the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks
   to an inch.
   Pick  dressing  (Arch.),  in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed
   tool,  leaving  the  surface  in  little  pits or depressions. -- Pick
   hammer, a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners.

                                   Pickaback

   Pick"a*back` (?), adv. On the back or shoulders; as, to ride pickback.
   [Written also pickapack, pickback, and pickpack.]<-- = piggyback -->

     A woman stooping to take a child pickaback. R,Jefferies.

                                  Pickaninny

   Pick"a*nin`ny  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pickaninnies  (#).  [Cf. Sp. peque\'a4o
   little,  young.] A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant.
   [U.S. & West Indies]

                                   Pickapack

   Pick"a*pack` (?), adv. Pickaback.

                                Pickax, Pickaxe

   Pick"ax`,  Pick"axe`  (?),  n. [A corruption of OE. pikois, pikeis, F.
   picois,  fr.  pic.  See  Pick,  n.]  A pick with a point at one end, a
   transverse  edge  or  blade at the other, and a handle inserted at the
   middle; a hammer with a flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed
   end for piercing as it strikes. Shak.

                                   Pickback

   Pick"back` (?), adv. On the back.

                                    Picked

   Pick"ed (?), a.

   1. Pointed; sharp. "Picked and polished." Chapman.

     Let the stake be made picked at the top. Mortimer.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  Having a pike or spine on the back; -- said of certain
   fishes.

   3. Carefully selected; chosen; as, picked men.

   4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty. [Obs.] Shak.
   Picked   dogfish.   (Zo\'94l.)  See  under  Dogfish.  --  Picked  out,
   ornamented  or  relieved  with  lines,  or  the  like, of a different,
   usually  a  lighter, color; as, a carriage body dark green, picked out
   with red.
   
                                  Pickedness
                                       
   Pick"ed*ness (?), n. 

   1. The state of being sharpened; pointedness.

   2. Fineness; spruceness; smartness. [Obs.]

     Too much pickedness is not manly. B. Jonson.

                                    Pickeer

   Pick*eer"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  & p. p. Pickeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pickeering.]  [F.  picorer  to  go  marauding,  orig.,  to go to steal
   cattle,  ultimately  fr. L. pecus, pecoris, cattle; cf. F. picor\'82e,
   Sp.  pecorea robbery committed by straggling soldiers.] To make a raid
   for  booty;  to  maraud;  also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See
   Picaroon. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

                                   Pickeerer

   Pick*eer"er (?), n. One who pickeers. [Obs.]

                                    Picker

   Pick"er (?), n. [From Pick.]

   1.  One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, -- as, one who uses a
   pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton picker.
   "Pickers and stealers." Shak.

   2.  (Mach.) A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to
   loosen and separate the fiber.

   3. (Weaving) The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle,
   and impels it through the warp.

   4. (Ordnance) A priming wire for cleaning the vent.

                                   Pickerel

   Pick"er*el (?), n. [Dim. of Pike.] [Written also pickerell.]

   1. A young or small pike. [Obs.]

     Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel. Chaucer.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of
   the  genus  Esox,  esp.  the  smaller  species.  (b)  The glasseye, or
   wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus)
     and the brook pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American
     species.  They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity.
     About the Great Lakes the pike is called pickerel.

   Pickerel  weed  (Bot.),  a  blue-flowered  aquatic  plant  (Pontederia
   cordata) having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in
   slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.

                                   Pickering

   Pick"er*ing  (?),  n.  [Probably a corruption of Pickerel.] (Zo\'94l.)
   The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.

                                    Pickery

   Pick"er*y (?), n. [From Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.] Petty
   theft. [Scot.] Holinshed.

                                    Picket

   Pick"et  (?),  n.  [F. piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike. See
   Pike, and cf. Piquet.]

   1.  A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification
   and  encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering
   horses.

   2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences.

   3.  [Probably  so  called  from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.) A
   detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to
   oppose  reconnoitering  parties  of the enemy; -- called also outlying
   picket.

   4.  By  extension,  men  appointed  by  a trades union, or other labor
   organization,  to  intercept  outsiders, and prevent them from working
   for employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant]<-- any
   individual  standing  at  the  entrance  to  a  building  (typically a
   business  establishement),  usually  for  the purpose of inhibiting or
   preventing others from entering that establishment, but sometimes only
   for  demonstration  or  protest,  and usually bearing a sign informing
   others of the nature of the grievance causing the picketing. -->

   5.  A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender
   was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.

   6. A game at cards. See Piquet.
   Inlying  picket  (Mil.),  a  detachment  of  troops  held  in  camp or
   quarters,  detailed  to march if called upon. -- Picket fence, a fence
   made of pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of
   horse  and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line.
   (Mil.)  (a)  A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed
   at  intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. --
   Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.

                                    Picket

   Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Picketing.]

   1. To fortify with pointed stakes.

   2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.

   3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse.

   4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.

   5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.
   [Obs.]

                                   Picketee

   Pick`e*tee" (?), n. (Bot.) See Picotee.

                                  Pick-fault

   Pick"-fault` (?), n. One who seeks out faults.

                                    Picking

   Pick"ing, n.

   1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.

   2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.

   3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.

   4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.

   5.  pl.  The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. [Eng.]
   Simmonds.

   6. (Mining) Rough sorting of ore.

   7. Overburned bricks. Simmonds.

                                    Picking

   Pick"ing, a.

   1. Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a picking sound.

   2. Nice; careful. [Obs.]

     was too warm on picking work to dwell. Dryden.

   Picking peg. (Weaving) See Picker, n., 3.

                                    Pickle

   Pic"kle (?), n. [Obs.] See Picle.

                                    Pickle

   Pic"kle,  n.  [Cf. D. pekel. Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t., alluding
   to the cleaning of the fish.]

   1. (a) A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be
   preserved  or  corned;  brine.  (b) Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for
   preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, etc.

   2.  Any  article  of  food  which  has  been  preserved in brine or in
   vinegar.<-- esp., a cucumber thus preserved -->

   3.  (Founding)  A  bath  of  dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to
   remove  burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or
   other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.

   4. A troublesome child; as, a little pickle. [Colloq.]
   To  be  in  a  pickle,  to  be  in  disagreeable  position; to be in a
   condition  of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou
   in  this  pickle?"  Shak.  --  To  put  a  rod in pickle, to prepare a
   particular reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application.

                                    Pickle

   Pic"kle,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Pickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pickling
   (?).]

   1. To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of pickle;
   as, to pickle herrings or cucumbers.

   2.  To  give an antique appearance to; -- said of copies or imitations
   of paintings by the old masters.

                                    Pickled

   Pic"kled (?), a. Preserved in a pickle.

                                Pickle-herring

   Pic"kle-her"ring (?), n.

   1. A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring. [Obs.] Shak.

   2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. [Obs.] Addison.

                                    Pickler

   Pic"kler (?), n. One who makes pickles.

                                   Picklock

   Pick"lock` (?), n.

   1. An instrument for picking locks. Shak.

   2. One who picks locks; a thief. "A picklock of secrets." Jer. Taylor.

                                   Pickmire

   Pick"mire`  (?),  n.  [So  called  from  its picking its food from the
   mire.] (Zo\'94l.) The pewit, or black-headed gull. [Prov. Eng.]

                                   Picknick

   Pick"nick (?), n. See Picnic.

                                   Pickpack

   Pick"pack` (?), adv. Pickaback.

                                   Pickpenny

   Pick"pen`ny  (?), n.; pl. Pickpennies (. A miser; also, a sharper. Dr.
   H. More.

                                  Pickpocket

   Pick"pock`et  (?),  n.  One  who  steals purses or other articles from
   pockets. Bentley.

                                   Pickpurse

   Pick"purse`  (?),  n.  One  who  steals  purses, or money from purses.
   Latimer. Shak.

                                    Picksy

   Pick"sy (?), n. See Pixy.

                                   Pickthank

   Pick"thank`  (?),  n. One who strives to put another under obligation;
   an officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.

     Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers. Shak.

                                   Picktooth

   Pick"tooth` (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Swift.

                                     Picke

   Pi"cke  (?),  n.  [Prob. fr. pightel or pingle.] A small piece of land
   inclosed with a hedge; a close. [Obs.] [Written also pickle.]

                                    Picnic

   Pic"nic (?), n. [Cf. F. piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf. Knickknack.]
   Formerly,  an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish
   to  a  common  table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the
   members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and
   from food carried by themselves).

                                    Picnic

   Pic"nic  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Picnicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Picnicking  (?).]  To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in
   public fashion.

                                   Picnicker

   Pic"nick*er (?), n. One who takes part in a picnic.

                                    Picoid

   Pi"coid  (?),  a. [Picus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
   Pici.

                                   Picoline

   Pic"o*line  (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)
   Any  one  of  three  isometric  bases (C6H7N) related to pyridine, and
   obtained  from  bone  oil,  acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha, as
   colorless  mobile  liquids  of  strong  odor;  --  called  also methyl
   pyridine.

                               Picotee, Picotine

   Pic`o*tee"  (?),  Pic`o*tine"  (?),  n. [F. picot\'82 dotted, picked.]
   (Bot.) A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously
   dotted and spotted at the edges.

                                    Picquet

   Pic"quet (?), n. See Piquet.

                                     Picra

   Pi"cra  (?),  n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) The powder of aloes with canella,
   formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic.

                                    Picrate

   Pi"crate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of picric acid.

                                    Picric

   Pi"cric  (?),  a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a strong
   organic acid (called picric acid), intensely bitter.

     NOTE: &hand; Picric acid is obtained by treating phenol with strong
     nitric   acid,   as   a  brilliant  yellow  crystalline  substance,
     C6H2(NO2)3.OH.  It is used in dyeing silk and wool, and also in the
     manufacture  of  explosives,  as  it  is very unstable when heated.
     Called also trinitrophenol, and formerly carbazotic acid.

                                    Picrite

   Pic"rite  (?),  n.  [From  Gr.  (Min.)  A  dark  green  igneous  rock,
   consisting  largely  of  chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, biotite,
   etc.

                                   Picrolite

   Pic"ro*lite  (?), n. [Gr. -lite.: cf. F. picrolithe.] (Min.) A fibrous
   variety of serpentine.

                                   Picromel

   Pic"ro*mel  (?),  n.  [Gr.  picromel.] (Old Chem.) A colorless viscous
   substance having a bitter-sweet taste.

     NOTE: &hand; It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle
     of the bile, but is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts
     of glycocholic and taurocholic acids.

                                  Picrotoxin

   Pic`ro*tox"in  (?),  n.  [Gr.  toxic  +  -in.]  (Chem.) A bitter white
   crystalline  substance found in the cocculus indicus. It is a peculiar
   poisonous  neurotic  and  intoxicant,  and  consists  of  a mixture of
   several neutral substances.

                                    Picryl

   Pi"cryl  (?),  n.  [Picric + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of
   picric acid, analogous to phenyl.

                                    Pictish

   Pict"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts. "The
   Pictish peer." Byron.

                                  Pictograph

   Pic"to*graph   (?),  n.  [See  Picture,  and  -graph.]  A  picture  or
   hieroglyph  representing  and  expressing  an idea. -- Pic`to*graph"ic
   (#), a.

                                   Pictorial

   Pic*to"ri*al  (?), a. [L. pictorius, fr. pictor a painter, fr. pingere
   to  paint.  See  Paint.]  Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by
   pictures;  forming  pictures;  representing  with  the  clearness of a
   picture;   as,   a  pictorial  dictionary;  a  pictorial  imagination.
   "Pictorial rhetoric." Ruskin. -- Pic*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

                             Pictoric, Pictorical

   Pic*tor"ic (?), Pic*tor"ic*al (?), a. Pictorial. [Obs.]

                                     Picts

   Picts  (?),  n.  pl.;  sing.  Pict  (.  [L.  Picti;  cf. AS. Peohtas.]
   (Ethnol.) A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland
   in early times.

                                    Pictura

   Pic*tu"ra (?), n. [L., a painting.] (Zo\'94l.) Pattern of coloration.

                                  Picturable

   Pic"tur*a*ble  (?),  a. Capable of being pictured, or represented by a
   picture.

                                   Pictural

   Pic"tur*al (?), a. Pictorial. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

                                   Pictural

   Pic"tur*al, n. A picture. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                    Picture

   Pic"ture  (?),  n.  [L. pictura, fr. pingere, pictum, to paint: cf. F.
   peinture. See Paint.]

   1. The art of painting; representation by painting. [Obs.]

     Any  well-expressed image . . . either in picture or sculpture. Sir
     H. Wotton.

   2. A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building)
   upon  canvas,  paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting,
   drawing,  engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By
   extension, a figure; a model.

     Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects. Bacon.

     The young king's picture . . . in virgin wax. Howell.

   3.  An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to
   the  mind;  that  which,  by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some
   other  thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the
   picture of grief.

     My eyes make pictures when they are shut. Coleridge.

     NOTE: &hand; Pi cture is  of ten us ed ad jectively, or  in forming
     self-explaining   compounds;  as,  picture  book  or  picture-book,
     picture  frame  or picture-frame, picture seller or picture-seller,
     etc.

   Picture  gallery,  a  gallery,  or  large  apartment,  devoted  to the
   exhibition  of  pictures. -- Picture red, a rod of metal tube fixed to
   the walls of a room, from which pictures are hung. -- Picture writing.
   (a)  The  art of recording events, or of expressing messages, by means
   of  pictures  representing  the  actions or circumstances in question.
   Tylor.  (b)  The  record  or  message  so represented; as, the picture
   writing of the American Indians. Syn. -- Picture, Painting. Every kind
   of  representation  by  drawing or painting is a picture, whether made
   with  oil  colors,  water  colors,  pencil,  crayons,  or  India  ink;
   strictly,  a  painting  is  a picture made by means of colored paints,
   usually applied moist with a brush.

                                    Picture

   Pic"ture,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pictured  (?);  p.  pr.  & vb. n.
   Picturing.]  To  draw  or  paint  a  resemblance  of; to delineate; to
   represent;  to  form  or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before
   the mind. "I . . . do picture it in my mind." Spenser.

     I have not seen him so pictured. Shak.

                                   Pictured

   Pic"tured (?), a. Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or
   pictures; as, a pictured scene.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1084

                                   Picturer

   Pic"tur*er (?), n. One who makes pictures; a painter. [R.] Fuller.

                                  Picturesque

   Pic`tur*esque"  (?),  a.  [It.  pittoresco:  cf.  F.  pittoresque. See
   Pictorial.]  Forming,  or  fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture;
   representing  with  the  clearness  or  ideal  beauty appropriate to a
   picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in
   a  picture,  natural  or artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a picturesque
   scene or attitude; picturesque language.

     What  is picturesque as placed in relation to the beautiful and the
     sublime?  It  is  .  .  . the characteristic pushed into a sensible
     excess.     De    Quincey.    --    Pic`tur*esque"ly,    adv.    --
     Pic`tur*esque"ness, n.

                                 Picturesquish

     Pic`tur*esqu"ish, a. Somewhat picturesque. [R.]

                                   Picturize

     Pic"tur*ize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picturized (?); p. pr. & vb.
     n. Picturizing.] [R.]

     1. To picture.

     2. To adorn with pictures.

                                     Picul

     Pic"ul (?), n. [Jav. & Malay pikul, fr. pikul to carry on the back,
     to carry a burden; n., a man's burden.] A commercial weight varying
     in  different countries and for different commodities. In Borneo it
     is  135  lbs.;  in China and Sumatra, 133 lbs.; in Japan, 133 lbs.;
     but  sometimes  130  lbs.,  etc.  Called also, by the Chinese, tan.
     [Written also pecul, and pecal.]

                                    Piculet

     Pic"u*let  (?),  n. [Dim. of Picus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of very
     small  woodpeckers  of  the genus Picumnus and allied genera. Their
     tail  feathers  are not stiff and sharp at the tips, as in ordinary
     woodpeckers.

                                     Picus

     Pi"cus  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pici  (#). [L., a woodpecker.] (Zo\'94l.) A
     genus  of  woodpeckers,  including  some of the common American and
     European species.<-- now picoides? -->

                                    Piddle

     Pid"dle  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p. p. Piddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
     Piddling  (?).]  [Cf. dial. Sw. pittla to keep picking at, Sw. peta
     to pick.]

     1.  To  deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters
     rather than with those that are important. Ascham.

     2. To be squeamishly nice about one's food. Swift.

     3. To urinate; -- child's word.

                                    Piddler

     Pid"dler (?), n. One who piddles.

                                   Piddling

     Pid"dling  (?),  a.Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; -- applied
     to persons and things.

     The ignoble hucksterage of piddling tithes. Milton.

                                    Piddock

     Pid"dock  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
     Pholas; a pholad. See Pholas.

                                      Pie

     Pie  (?),  n.  [OE. pie, pye; cf. Ir. & Gael. pighe pie, also Gael.
     pige an earthen jar or pot. Cf. Piggin.]

     1.  An  article of food consisting of paste baked with something in
     it or under it; as, chicken pie; venison pie; mince pie; apple pie;
     pumpkin pie.

     2. See Camp, n., 5. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

   Pie crust, the paste of a pie. <-- easy as pie = very easy -->

                                      Pie

   Pie,  n. [F. pie, L. pica; cf. picus woodpecker, pingere to paint; the
   bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. Pi, Paint, Speight.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a) A magpie. (b) Any other species of the genus Pica,
   and of several allied genera. [Written also pye.]

   2. (R. C. Ch.) The service book.

   3. (Pritn.) Type confusedly mixed. See Pi.
   By  cock  and pie, an adjuration equivalent to "by God and the service
   book."  Shak.  --  Tree  pie (Zo\'94l.), any Asiatic bird of the genus
   Dendrocitta,  allied to the magpie. -- Wood pie. (Zo\'94l.) See French
   pie, under French.

                                      Pie

   Pie, v. t. See Pi.

                                    Piebald

   Pie"bald` (?), a. [Pie the party-colored bird + bald.]

   1.  Having  spots  and  patches  of  black and white, or other colors;
   mottled; pied. "A piebald steed of Thracian strain." Dryden.

   2. Fig.: Mixed. "Piebald languages." Hudibras.

                                     Piece

   Piece  (?),  n.  [OE.  pece,  F.  pi\'8ace,  LL. pecia, petia, petium,
   probably  of  Celtic  origin;  cf. W. peth a thing, a part, portion, a
   little, Armor. pez, Gael. & Ir. cuid part, share. Cf. Petty.]

   1.  A  fragment  or  part of anything separated from the whole, in any
   manner,  as  by  cutting,  splitting,  breaking, or tearing; a part; a
   portion; as, a piece of sugar; to break in pieces.

     Bring it out piece by piece. Ezek. xxiv. 6.

   2. A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; as, a piece of
   broadcloth; a piece of wall paper.

   3.  Any  one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same
   kind;  an  individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a
   definite   performance;   especially:   (a)  A  literary  or  artistic
   composition;  as, a piece of poetry, music, or statuary. (b) A musket,
   gun,  or cannon; as, a battery of six pieces; a following piece. (c) A
   coin;  as,  a  sixpenny  piece; -- formerly applied specifically to an
   English gold coin worth 22 shillings. (d) A fact; an item; as, a piece
   of news; a piece of knowledge.

   4.  An individual; -- applied to a person as being of a certain nature
   or  quality;  often,  but not always, used slightingly or in contempt.
   "If I had not been a piece of a logician before I came to him." Sir P.
   Sidney.

     Thy mother was a piece of virtue. Shak.

     His  own  spirit  is  as  unsettled  a piece as there is in all the
     world. Coleridge.

   <--  a  piece  of cake, a task easily accomplished. a piece of work, a
   disparaging  term  for  a  person considered to have an excess of some
   undesirable  quality; esp. difficult or eccentric person. Piece of ass
   vulgar term for a woman, considered as a partner in sexual intercourse
   -->

   5. (Chess) One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn.

   6. A castle; a fortified building. [Obs.] Spenser.
   Of  a  piece, of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like;
   --  sometimes followed by with. Dryden. -- Piece of eight, the Spanish
   piaster,  formerly  divided  into  eight  reals. -- To give a piece of
   one's  mind  to,  to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another).
   Tackeray.  --  Piece broker, one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth
   to  sell  again. -- Piece goods, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed
   portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like.

                                     Piece

   Piece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pieced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piecing (?).]

   1.  To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces;
   to patch; as, to piece a garment; -- often with out. Shak.

   2. To unite; to join; to combine. Fuller.

     His  adversaries  .  .  .  pieced  themselves  together  in a joint
     opposition against him. Fuller.

                                     Piece

   Piece  (?), v. i. To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together;
   to join. "It pieced better." Bacon.

                                   Pieceless

   Piece"less, a. Not made of pieces; whole; entire.

                                    Piecely

   Piece"ly, adv. In pieces; piecemeal. [Obs.]

                                   Piecemeal

   Piece"meal` (?), adv. [OE. pecemele; pece a piece + AS. m, dat. pl. of
   m part. See Meal a portion.]

   1.  In  pieces;  in parts or fragments. "On which it piecemeal brake."
   Chapman.

     The beasts will tear thee piecemeal. Tennyson.

   2. Piece by piece; by little and little in succession.

     Piecemeal they win, this acre first, than that. Pope.

                                   Piecemeal

   Piece"meal`,  a.  Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate. "These
   piecemeal guilts." Gov. of Tongue.

                                   Piecemeal

   Piece"meal`, n. A fragment; a scrap. R. Vaughan.

                                  Piecemealed

   Piece"mealed` (?), a. Divided into pieces.

                                   Piecener

   Piece"ner (?), n.

   1.  One  who  supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in woolen
   mills.

   2. Same as Piecer, 2.

                                    Piecer

   Pie"cer (?), n.

   1. One who pieces; a patcher.

   2. A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads.

                                   Piecework

   Piece"work`  (?), n. Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a
   rate  based  on  the  amount  of  work  done,  rather than on the time
   employed.

     The reaping was piecework, at so much per acre. R. Jefferies.

                                     Pied

   Pied (?), imp. & p. p. of Pi, or Pie, v.

                                     Pied

   Pied  (?), a. [From Pie the party-colored bird.] Variegated with spots
   of  different  colors;  party-colored; spotted; piebald. "Pied coats."
   Burton.  "Meadows  trim  with  daisies  pied."  Milton.  Pied antelope
   (Zo\'94l.),   the  bontebok.  --  Pied-billed  grebe  (Zo\'94l.),  the
   dabchick.  --  Pied  blackbird  (Zo\'94l.),  any Asiatic thrush of the
   genus  Turdulus.  --  Pied finch (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chaffinch. (b) The
   snow  bunting.  [Prov.  Eng.]  -- Pied flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), a common
   European  flycatcher  (Ficedula  atricapilla).  The  male is black and
   white.

                                   Piedmont

   Pied"mont  (?),  a. [F. pied foot + mont mountain.] (Geol.) Noting the
   region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain.

                                  Piedmontite

   Pied"mont*ite  (?),  n.  (Min.)  A  manganesian  kind of epidote, from
   Piedmont. See Epidote.

                                   Piedness

   Pied"ness (?), n. The state of being pied. Shak.

                                 Pi\'82douche

   Pi\'82`douche"  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  It.  peduccio console, corbel.] A
   pedestal  of  small  size,  used  to  support small objects, as busts,
   vases, and the like.

                                   Piedstall

   Pied"stall (?), n. See Pedestal. [Obs.]

                                    Pieman

   Pie"man (?), n.; pl. Piemen (. A man who makes or sells pies.

                                     Piend

   Piend (?), n. [Cf. Dan. pind a peg.] See Peen.

                                     Pieno

   Pi*e"no (?), a. [It., fr. L. plenus full.] (Mus.) Full; having all the
   instruments.

                                   Pieplant

   Pie"plant`  (?),  n. (Bot.) A plant (Rheum Rhaponticum) the leafstalks
   of which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb.

                             Piepoudre, Piepowder

   Pie"pou`dre,  Pie"pow`der (?), n. [Lit., dustyfoot, i.e., dusty-footed
   dealers,  fr. F. pied foot + poudreux dusty.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient
   court  of  record  in  England,  formerly  incident  to every fair and
   market,  of which the steward of him who owned or had the toll was the
   judge. Blackstone.

                                     Pier

   Pier  (?),  n.  [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra,
   Gr. Petrify.]

   1.  (Arch.)  (a)  Any  detached  mass of masonry, whether insulated or
   supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of
   wall  between  two  openings.  (b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of
   masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress.

   2. A projecting wharf or landing place.
   Abutment  pier,  the  pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by
   its  strength  and  stability  resists  the thrust of an arch. -- Pier
   glass,  a  mirror,  of  high  and  narrow  shape, to be put up between
   windows. -- Pier table, a table made to stand between windows.

                                    Pierage

   Pier"age (?), n. Same as Wharfage. Smart.

                                    Pierce

   Pierce  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piercing
   (?).]  [OE.  percen, F. percer, OF. percier, perchier, parchier; perh.
   fr.  (assumed)  LL.  pertusiare  for  pertusare,  fr.  L.  pertundere,
   pertusum,  to beat, push, bore through; per through + tundere to beat:
   cf.  OF.  pertuisier to pierce, F. pertuis a hole. Cf. Contuse, Parch,
   Pertuse.]

   1.  To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument.
   "I pierce . . . her tender side." Dryden.

   2.  To  penetrate;  to  enter; to force a way into or through; to pass
   into  or  through;  as, to pierce the enemy's line; a shot pierced the
   ship.

   3.  Fig.:  To  penetrate;  to  affect deeply; as, to pierce a mystery.
   "Pierced with grief." Pope.

     Can no prayers pierce thee? Shak.

                                    Pierce

   Pierce,  v.  i.  To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through
   something,  as  a  pointed  instrument  does;  --  used  literally and
   figuratively.

     And pierced to the skin, but bit no more. Spenser.

     She would not pierce further into his meaning. Sir P. Sidney.

                                  Pierceable

   Pierce"a*ble (?), a. That may be pierced.

                                    Pierced

   Pierced (?), a. Penetrated; entered; perforated.

                                    Piercel

   Pier"cel  (?), n. [Cf. F. perce.] A kind of gimlet for making vents in
   casks; -- called also piercer.

                                    Piercer

   Pier"cer (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, pierces or perforates; specifically: (a) An
   instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto. (b) A piercel.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  The  ovipositor,  or  sting, of an insect. (b) An
   insect provided with an ovipositor.

                                   Piercing

   Pier"cing  (?),  a. Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a
   point;  perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as,
   a  piercing  instrument,  or  thrust.  "Piercing  eloquence." Shak. --
   Pier"cing*ly, adv. -- Pier"cing*ness, n.

                                    Pierian

   Pi*e"ri*an (?), a. [L. Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly, sacred
   to the Muses.] Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses.

     Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. Pope.

                                    Pierid

   Pi"er*id (?), n. [See Peirides.] (Zo\'94l.) Any butterfly of the genus
   Pieris and related genera. See Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage.

                                   Pierides

   Pi*er"i*des  (?),  n.  pl.  [L.,  fr. Gr. Pierian.] (Class. Myth.) The
   Muses.

                                     Piet

   Pi"et (?), n. [Dim. of Pie a magpie: cf. F. piette a smew.] (Zo\'94l.)
   (a)  The  dipper, or watter ouzel. [Scot.] (b) The magpie. [Prov.Eng.]
   Jay  piet  (Zo\'94l.),  the  European  jay.  [Prov.Eng.]  --  Sea piet
   (Zo\'94l.), the oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.]

                                   Piet\'85

   Pi*e*t\'85"  (?),  n.  [It.]  (Fine Arts) A representation of the dead
   Christ,  attended  by  the  Virgin  Mary  or by holy women and angels.
   Mollett.

                                    Pietism

   Pi"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. G. pietismus, F. pi\'82tisme.]

   1. The principle or practice of the Pietists.

   2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion.

     The  Sch\'94ne  Seele,  that  ideal  of gentle pietism, in "Wilhelm
     Meister." W. Pater.

                                    Pietist

   Pi"e*tist  (?), n. [Cf. G. pietist, F. pi\'82tiste. See Piety.] (Eccl.
   Hist.)  One  of  a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th
   century  who  sought  to  revive  declining  piety  in  the Protestant
   churches;  --  often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a
   display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.

                            Pietistic, Pietistical

   Pi`e*tis"tic  (?),  Pi`e*tis"tic*al  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to the
   Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious.
   Addison.

                                  Pietra dura

   Pi*e"tra  du"ra  (?).  [It.,  hard  stone.]  (Fine Arts) Hard and fine
   stones  in  general,  such  as  are  used  for  inlay and the like, as
   distinguished  from  the  softer  stones  used  in  building;  thus, a
   Florentine  mosaic  is  a  familiar  instance  of work in pietra dura,
   though the ground may be soft marble.

                                     Piety

   Pi"e*ty  (?), n. [F. pi\'82t\'82; cf. It. piet\'85; both fr. L. pietas
   piety, fr. pius pious. See Pious, and cf. Pity.]

   1.  Veneration  or  reverence  of  the  Supreme Being, and love of his
   character;  loving  obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion
   to his service.

     Piety  is  the  only  proper  and  adequate relief of decaying man.
     Rambler.

   2.  Duty;  dutifulness;  filial  reverence  and devotion; affectionate
   reverence  and  service  shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors,
   country, etc.

     Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to
     have shown. Milton.

   Syn.   --  Religion;  sanctity;  devotion;  godliness;  holiness.  See
   Religion.

                                    Piewipe

   Pie"wipe`  (?),  n. [So called from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing,
   or pewit. [Prov. Eng.] <-- piezo- piezo-electric -->

                                  Piezometer

   Pi`e*zom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. pi\'82zom\'8atre.]

   1.  (Physics)  An  instrument  for  measuring  the  compressibility of
   liquids.

   2.  (Physics) A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure
   at that point.

                               Piffero, Piffara

   Pif"fe*ro (?), Pif"fa*ra (?), n. [It. piffero.] (Mus.) A fife; also, a
   rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for reservoir.

                                      Pig

   Pig (?), n. A piggin. [Written also pigg.]

                                      Pig

   Pig,  n. [Cf. D. big, bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige girl, Sw. piga,
   Icel. p\'c6ka.]

   1.  The  young  of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a hog. "Two
   pigges in a poke." Chaucer.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Any wild species of the genus Sus and related genera.

   3.  [Cf.  Sow a channel for melted iron.] An oblong mass of cast iron,
   lead, or other metal. See Mine pig, under Mine.

   4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person. [Low]
   Masked  pig.  (Zo\'94l.)  See under Masked. -- Pig bed (Founding), the
   bed  of  sand  in  which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into
   pigs.  -- Pig iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it
   comes  from  the  smelting furnace. See Pig, 4. -- Pig yoke (Naut.), a
   nickname for a quadrant or sextant. -- A pig in a poke (that is, bag),
   a  blind  bargain;  something  bought  or  bargained  for, without the
   quality or the value being known. [Colloq.]
   
                                      Pig
                                       
   Pig,  v.  t.  &  i.  [imp. & p. p. Pigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pigging
   (?).] 

   1.  To  bring  forth  (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to
   farrow.

   2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.

                                    Pigeon

   Pi"geon  (?),  n.  [F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird,
   fr. pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  bird  of  the order Columb\'91, of which numerous
   species occur in nearly all parts of the world.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from
     the  Old  World  rock  pigeon (Columba livia). It has given rise to
     numerous  very  remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail,
     nun,  pouter,  tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern
     United  States are the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See
     under  Passenger, and Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon,
     Queen pigeon, Stock pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc.

   2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [Slang]
   Blue  pigeon  (Zo\'94l.),  an  Australian  passerine  bird  (Graucalus
   melanops);   --   called   also  black-faced  crow.  --  Green  pigeon
   (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging
   to  the family Treronid\'91. -- Imperial pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of
   the  large  Asiatic  fruit  pigeons of the genus Carpophada. -- Pigeon
   berry  (Bot.),  the  purplish  black  fruit of the pokeweed; also, the
   plant itself. See Pokeweed. -- Pigeon English [perhaps a corruption of
   business English], an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in
   the commercial cities of China, as the medium of communication between
   foreign merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture
   of  Portuguese  and  Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc.<-- pidgin English???
   -->  -- Pigeon grass (Bot.), a kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca),
   of  some  value  as fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and
   other  birds.  --  Pigeon hawk. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small American falcon
   (Falco columbarius). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked
   with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown.
   The  tail  is  banded.  (b) The American sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter
   velox,  OR  fuscus). -- Pigeon hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a
   pigeon  house.  (b)  See  Pigeonhole.  (c) pl. An old English game, in
   which  balls  were  rolled through little arches. Halliwell. -- Pigeon
   house,  a dovecote. -- Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus;
   a  kind  of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the
   plant  itself.  --  Pigeon  plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West
   African  species  of  Chrysobalanus  (C. ellipticus and C. luteus). --
   Pigeon  tremex.  (Zo\'94l.) See under Tremex. -- Pigeon wood (Bot.), a
   name  in  the West Indies for the wood of several very different kinds
   of  trees,  species  of  Dipholis, Diospyros, and Coccoloba. -- Pigeon
   woodpecker  (Zo\'94l.), the flicker. -- Prairie pigeon. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
   The upland plover. (b) The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1085

                                    Pigeon

   Pi"geon  (?),  v.  t.  To  pluck;  to  fleece; to swindle by tricks in
   gambling. [Slang] Smart.

     He's pigeoned and undone. Observer.

                                Pigeon-breasted

   Pi"geon-breast`ed  (?),  a.  Having  a  breast  like  a pigeon, -- the
   sternum   being   so   prominent   as   to   constitute  a  deformity;
   chicken-breasted.

                                  Pigeonfoot

   Pi"geon*foot`  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  The  dove's-foot  geranium  (Geranium
   molle).

                                Pigeon-hearted

   Pi"geon-heart`ed  (?),  a.  Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted.
   Beau. & Fl.

                                  Pigeonhole

   Pi"geon*hole`  (?),  n.  A small compartment in a desk or case for the
   keeping of letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance
   of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke.

                                  Pigeonhole

   Pi"geon*hole`,  v. t. To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet;
   hence,  to  put  away;  to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a
   letter or a report.

                                Pigeon-livered

   Pi"geon-liv`ered (?), a. Pigeon-hearted.

                                   Pigeonry

   Pi"geon*ry (?), n. A place for pigeons; a dovecote.

                                  Pigeontoed

   Pi"geon*toed` (?), a. Having the toes turned in.

                                   Pig-eyed

   Pig"-eyed` (?), a. Having small, deep-set eyes.

                                    Pigfish

   Pig"fish`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  Any  one  of  several species of
   salt-water  grunts; -- called also hogfish. (b) A sculpin. The name is
   also applied locally to several other fishes.

                                    Pigfoot

   Pig"foot`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  marine  fish (Scorp\'91na porcus),
   native  of  Europe.  It  is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and
   black.

                                     Pigg

   Pigg (?), n. A piggin. See 1st Pig. Sir W. Scott.

                                    Piggery

   Pig"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Piggeries (. A place where swine are kept.

                                    Piggin

   Pig"gin  (?),  n.  [Scot.; cf. Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh, pige, an
   earthen  jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. pigin, pighead, W. piccyn.] A small
   wooden  pail  or tub with an upright stave for a handle, -- often used
   as a dipper.

                                    Piggish

   Pig"gish (?), a. Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.

                                  Pig-headed

   Pig"-head`ed  (?),  a.  Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively:
   stupidity    obstinate;    perverse;    stubborn.    B.   Jonson.   --
   Pig"-head`ed*ness, n.

                                     Pight

   Pight  (?), imp. & p. p. of Pitch, to throw; -- used also adjectively.
   Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.]

     [His horse] pight him on the pommel of his head. Chaucer.

     I found him pight to do it. Shak.

                                    Pightel

   Pigh"tel  (?), n. [Cf. Pight, Picle.] A small inclosure. [Written also
   pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

                                   Pig-jawed

   Pig"-jawed`  (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the upper jaw projecting beyond
   the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of
   dogs.

                                    Pigmean

   Pig*me"an (?), a. See Pygmean.

                                    Pigment

   Pig"ment  (?), n. [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to paint: cf.
   F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento, Orpiment.]

   1.  Any  material  from  which  a  dye,  a  paint, or the like, may be
   prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready
   for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.

   2.  (Physiol.)  Any  one of the colored substances found in animal and
   vegetable  tissues  and  fluids,  as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll,
   etc.

   3. Wine flavored with species and honey. Sir W. Scott.
   Pigment  cell  (Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring matter, as
   the  pigmented  epithelial  cells  of  the  choroid  and  iris, or the
   pigmented  connective  tissue  cells  in the skin of fishes, reptiles,
   etc.

                             Pigmental, Pigmentary

   Pig*men"tal  (?),  Pig"men*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to pigments;
   furnished  with pigments. Dunglison. Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a
   morbid  condition  in which an undue amount of pigment is deposited in
   the tissues.

                                 Pigmentation

   Pig`men*ta"tion  (?),  n.  (Physiol.)  A deposition, esp. an excessive
   deposition, of coloring matter; as, pigmentation of the liver.

                                   Pigmented

   Pig"ment*ed  (?),  a.  Colored; specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued
   with pigment; as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented granules.

                                  Pigmentous

   Pig*men"tous (?), a. Pigmental.

                                     Pigmy

   Pig"my (?), n. See Pygmy. Pigmy falcon. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Falconet, 2
   (a).

                                   Pignerate

   Pig"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. pigneratus, p.p. of pignerate to pledge.]

   1. To pledge or pawn. [Obs.]

   2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does. [Obs.]

                                  Pignoration

   Pig`no*ra"tion  (?),  n. [LL. pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr. pignerate
   to  pledge,  fr. pignus, gen. -ous and -eris, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F.
   pignoration.]

   1. The act of pledging or pawning.

   2.  (Civil  Law)  The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge,
   till satisfaction is made. Burrill.

                                  Pignorative

   Pig"no*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pignoratif.] Pledging, pawning. [R.]

                                    Pignus

   Pig"nus (?), n.; pl. Pignora (#). [L.] (Rom. Law) A pledge or pawn.

                                    Pignut

   Pig"nut  (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Groundnut (d). (b) The bitter-flavored
   nut of a species of hickory (Carya glabra, OR porcina); also, the tree
   itself.

                                    Pigpen

   Pig"pen` (?), n. A pen, or sty, for pigs.

                                    Pigskin

   Pig"skin`  (?),  n.  The  skin  of  a  pig, -- used chiefly for making
   saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle.

                                    Pigsney

   Pigs"ney  (?),  n.  [Perh. a dim. of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw. piga; or
   from  E.  pig's eye.] A word of endearment for a girl or woman. [Obs.]
   [Written also pigsnie, pigsny, etc.] Chaucer.

                                 Pig-sticking

   Pig"-stick`ing  (?),  n.  Boar hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians.
   [Colloq.] Tackeray.

                                    Pigsty

   Pig"sty` (?), n.; pl. Pigsties (. A pigpen.

                                    Pigtail

   Pig"tail` (?), n.

   1. The tail of a pig.

   2. (Hair Dressing) A cue, or queue. J. & H. Smith.

   3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.

     The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail. Swift.

                                   Pigtailed

   Pig"tailed`  (?),  a.  Having  a  tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed
   baboon.

                                    Pigweed

   Pig"weed`  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  A  name  of  several  annual  weeds.  See
   Goosefoot, and Lamb's-quarters.

                                  Pigwidgeon

   Pig"wid`geon  (?),  n.  [Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.] A cant
   word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of
   a fairy.

                                     Pika

   Pi"ka  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of rodents of the
   genus  Lagomys,  resembling  small  tailless rabbits. They inhabit the
   high  mountains  of  Asia  and  America. Called also calling hare, and
   crying hare. See Chief hare.

                                     Pike

   Pike  (?), n. [F. pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig a prick,
   a  point,  beak,  Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L. picus woodpecker (see
   Pie magpie), and E. spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v., Peak, Pique.]

   1.  (Mil.)  A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft
   or  staff,  with  a  pointed  steel  head. It is now superseded by the
   bayonet.

   2.  A  pointed  head  or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or
   target. Beau. & Fl.

   3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

   4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Raymond.

   5. A pointed or peaked hill. [R.]

   6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

   7. A turnpike; a toll bar. Dickens.

   8.  (Zo\'94l.)  sing.  &  pl.  A large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius),
   found  in  Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called
   also pickerel, gedd, luce, and jack.

     NOTE: &hand; Blue pike, grass pike, green pike, wall-eyed pike, and
     yellow  pike, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See
     Wall-eye.

   Gar  pike.  See  under  Gar. -- Pike perch (Zo\'94l.), any fresh-water
   fish  of  the  genus Stizostedion (formerly Lucioperca). See Wall-eye,
   and  Sauger. -- Pike pole, a long pole with a pike in one end, used in
   directing  floating logs. -- Pike whale (Zo\'94l.), a finback whale of
   the  North  Atlantic  (Bal\'91noptera  rostrata),  having an elongated
   snout; -- called also piked whale. -- Sand pike (Zo\'94l.), the lizard
   fish. -- Sea pike (Zo\'94l.), the garfish (a).

                                     Piked

   Piked  (?),  a.  Furnished  with  a  pike;  ending in a point; peaked;
   pointed. "With their piked targets bearing them down." Milton.

                                  Pike-devant

   Pike`-de*vant" (?), n. [Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F. devant before.]
   A pointed beard. [Obs.]

                               Pikelet, Pikelin

   Pike"let  (?),  Pike"lin  (?), n. A light, thin cake or muffin. [Prov.
   Eng.] Wright.

                                    Pikeman

   Pike"man (?), n.; pl. Pikeman (.

   1. A soldier armed with a pike. Knolles.

   2. A miner who works with a pick. Beaconsfield.

   3. A keeper of a turnpike gate. T. Hughes.

                                   Pikestaff

   Pike"staff` (?), n.

   1. The staff, or shaft, of a pike.

   2.  A  staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping.
   Sir W. Scott.

                                   Piketail

   Pike"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pintail, 1.

                                   Pikrolite

   Pik"ro*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Picrolite.

                                    Pilage

   Pi"lage (?), n. See Pelage.

                                   Pilaster

   Pi*las"ter  (?),  n. [F. pilastre, It. pilastro, LL. pilastrum, fr. L.
   pila  a  pillar.  See Pillar.] (Arch.) An upright architectural member
   right-angled  in  plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but
   architecturally  corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and
   base  to  agree  with  those of the columns of the same order. In most
   cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.

                                  Pilastered

   Pi*las"tered (?), a. Furnished with pilasters.

                                     Pilau

   Pi*lau" (?), n. See Pillau.

                                     Pilch

   Pilch  (?), n. [AS. pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia. See Pelisse, and Pelt
   skin.]  A  gown  or  case  of  skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur.
   [Obs.]

                                   Pilchard

   Pil"chard  (?),  n. [Cf. It. pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   small  European  food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring,
   but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the
   coast of England.

     Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings. Shak.

                                    Pilcher

   Pilch"er (?), n. [From Pilch.] A scabbard, as of a sword. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Pilcher

   Pilch"er, n. (Zo\'94l.) The pilchard.

                                    Pilcrow

   Pil"crow  (?),  n.  [A  corruption of Paragraph.] (Print.) a paragraph
   mark, ¶. [Obs.] Tusser.

                                     Pile

   Pile (?), n. [L. pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.]

   1.  A  hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the
   nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet.

     Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile. Cowper.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A covering of hair or fur.

                                     Pile

   Pile, n. [L. pilum javelin. See Pile a stake.] The head of an arrow or
   spear. [Obs.] Chapman.

                                     Pile

   Pile,  n.  [AS. p\'c6l arrow, stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also L.
   pila pillar.]

   1.  A  large  stake,  or  piece of timber, pointed and driven into the
   earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is
   soft,  for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure,
   or to form a cofferdam, etc.

     NOTE: &hand; Tubular iron piles are now much used.

   2. [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having
   the  form  of  a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end
   uppermost.
   Pile  bridge,  a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles. --
   Pile  cap,  a  beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles. --
   Pile  driver,  OR  Pile  engine,  an apparatus for driving down piles,
   consisting  usually  of  a  high  frame,  with suitable appliances for
   raising  to  a  height  (by  animal  or  steam power, the explosion of
   gunpowder,  etc.)  a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. --
   Pile  dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake. -- Pile plank (Hydraul.
   Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See Sheet piling,
   under  Piling.  -- Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic. -- Screw pile,
   one  with  a  screw  at  the  lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by
   pressure.

                                     Pile

   Pile,  v.  t.  To  drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen
   with  piles.  To  sheet-pile,  to  make sheet piling in or around. See
   Sheet piling, under 2nd Piling.

                                     Pile

   Pile,  n.  [F.  pile,  L.  pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf.
   Pillar.]

   1.  A  mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of stones; a
   pile of wood.

   2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot.

   3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden.

   4. A large building, or mass of buildings.

     The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight. Dryden.

   5. (Iron Manuf.) Same as Fagot, n., 2.

   6.  (Elec.)  A  vertical  series  of alternate disks of two dissimilar
   metals,  as  copper  and  zinc,  laid  up with disks of cloth or paper
   moistened  with  acid  water  between them, for producing a current of
   electricity;  --  commonly  called  Volta's  pile,  voltaic  pile,  or
   galvanic pile.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is  so metimes ap plied to  ot her forms of
     apparatus  designed  to  produce  a  current  of electricity, or as
     synonymous  with  battery;  as,  for  instance, to an apparatus for
     generating  a current of electricity by the action of heat, usually
     called a thermopile.

   7. [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L. pila a pillar.] The reverse of a
   coin. See Reverse.
   Cross and pile. See under Cross. -- Dry pile. See under Dry.

                                     Pile

   Pile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piling.]

   1.  To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a
   mass;  to accumulate; to amass; -- often with up; as, to pile up wood.
   "Hills piled on hills." Dryden. "Life piled on life." Tennyson.

     The labor of an age in piled stones. Milton.

   2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to
   load.
   To  pile  arms OR muskets (Mil.), to place three guns together so that
   they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.

                               Pileate, Pileated

   Pi"le*ate (?), Pi"le*a`ted (?), a. [L. pileatus, fr. pileus a felt cap
   or hat.]

   1. Having the form of a cap for the head.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the
   head.
   Pileated   woodpecker   (Zo\'94l.),   a   large   American  woodpecker
   (Ceophloeus  pileatus).  It is black, with a bright red pointed crest.
   Called also logcock, and woodcock.

                                     Piled

   Piled  (?), a. [From 2d Pile.] Having a pile or point; pointed. [Obs.]
   "Magus threw a spear well piled." Chapman.

                                     Piled

   Piled,  a. [From 1d Pile.] Having a pile or nap. "Three-piled velvet."
   L. Barry (1611).

                                     Piled

   Piled,  a.  [From 6d Pile.] (Iron Manuf.) Formed from a pile or fagot;
   as, piled iron.

                                   Pileiform

   Pi*le"i*form  (?), a. [Pileus + -form.] Having the form of a pileus or
   cap; pileate.

                                   Pilement

   Pile"ment  (?),  n. [From Pile to lay into a heap.] An accumulation; a
   heap. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1086

                                   Pilentum

   Pi*len"tum  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pilenta  (#).  [L.]  (Rom. Antiq.) An easy
   chariot  or  carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which the vessels,
   etc., for sacred rites were carried.

                                  Pileorhiza

   Pi`le*o*rhi"za  (?),  n.; pl. Pilorhiz\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
   cap of cells which covers the growing extremity of a root; a rootcap.

                                    Pileous

   Pi"le*ous  (?), a. [See Pilous.] Consisting of, or covered with, hair;
   hairy; pilose.

                                     Piler

   Pil"er (?), n. One who places things in a pile.

                                     Piles

   Piles  (?),  n.  pl. [L. pila a ball. Cf. Pill a medicine.] (Med.) The
   small,  troublesome  tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part
   of   the   rectum   which  are  technically  called  hemorrhoids.  See
   Hemorrhoids.

     NOTE: [The singular pile is sometimes used.]

   Blind piles, hemorrhoids which do not bleed.

                                    Pileus

   Pi"le*us (?), n.; pl. Pilei (#). [L., a felt cap.]

   1. (Rom. Antiq.) A kind of skull cap of felt.

   2.  (Bot.)  The  expanded  upper  portion  of  many  of the fungi. See
   Mushroom.

   3.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  top  of  the head of a bird, from the bill to the
   nape.

                                   Pileworm

   Pile"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The teredo.

                                   Pile-worn

   Pile"-worn` (?), a. Having the pile worn off; threadbare.

                                   Pilewort

   Pile"wort`  (?),  n. (Bot.) A plant (Ranunculus Ficaria of Linn\'91us)
   whose tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the
   piles. Forsyth.

                                    Pilfer

   Pil"fer  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pilfered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pilfering.]  [OF. pelfrer. See Pelf.] To steal in small quantities, or
   articles of small value; to practice petty theft.

                                    Pilfer

   Pil"fer,  v.  t.  To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by
   little.

     And  not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace that age
     would gladly keep. Cowper.

                                   Pilferer

   Pil"fer*er (?), n. One who pilfers; a petty thief.

                                   Pilfering

   Pil"fer*ing,  a.  Thieving in a small way. Shak. -- n. Petty theft. --
   Pil"fer*ing*ly, adv.

                                    Pilfery

   Pil"fer*y (?), n. Petty theft. [R.] Sir T. North.

                                   Pilgarlic

   Pil*gar"lic  (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] One who has lost his hair by
   disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.

                                    Pilgrim

   Pil"grim  (?),  n.  [OE.  pilgrim, pelgrim, pilegrim, pelegrim; cf. D.
   pelgrim,  OHG.  piligr\'c6m, G. pilger, F. p\'8alerin, It. pellegrino;
   all  fr.  L. peregrinus a foreigner, fr. pereger abroad; per through +
   ager land, field. See Per-, and Acre, and cf. Pelerine, Peregrine.]

   1. A wayfarer; a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger.

     Strangers and pilgrims on the earth. Heb. xi. 13.

   2.  One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place
   or shrine as a devotee; as, a pilgrim to Loretto; Canterbury pilgrims.
   See Palmer. P. Plowman.

                                    Pilgrim

   Pil"grim,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  pilgrim, or pilgrims; making
   pilgrimages.  "With  pilgrim  steps."  Milton. Pilgrim fathers, a name
   popularly  given  to  the  one  hundred  and two English colonists who
   landed from the Mayflower and made the first settlement in New England
   at Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists from the Church of England,
   and most of them had sojourned in Holland.

                                    Pilgrim

   Pil"grim, v. i. To journey; to wander; to ramble. [R.] Grew. Carlyle.

                                  Pilgrimage

   Pil"grim*age   (?),   n.   [OE.   pilgrimage,   pelgrinage;   cf.   F.
   p\'8alerinage.]

   1.  The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to
   a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. Shak.

     The days of the years of my pilgrimage. Gen. xlvii. 9.

   2. A tedious and wearisome time.

     In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage. Shak.

   Syn. -- Journey; tour; excursion. See Journey.

                                  Pilgrimize

   Pil"grim*ize (?), v. i. To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage.
   [Obs.] B. Jonson.

                                   Pilidium

   Pi*lid"i*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pildia  (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
   free-swimming,  hat-shaped larva of certain nemertean worms. It has no
   resemblance  to  its  parent,  and  the  young  worm  develops  in its
   interior.

                                   Pilifera

   Pi*lif"e*ra  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Piliferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Mammalia.

                                  Piliferous

   Pi*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -ferous: cf. F. pilif\'8are.]

   1. Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair.

   2. Beset with hairs.

                                   Piliform

   Pil"i*form (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling hairs or
   down.

                                  Piligerous

   Pi*lig"er*ous  (?),  a. [L. pilus hair + -gerous: cf. F. pilig\'8are.]
   Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous.

                                    Piling

   Pil"ing (?), n. [See Pile a heap.]

   1. The act of heaping up.

   2.  (Iron  Manuf.)  The  process of building up, heating, and working,
   fagots, or piles, to form bars, etc.

                                    Piling

   Pil"ing,  n.  [See  Pile a stake.] A series of piles; piles considered
   collectively;  as,  the  piling  of  a bridge. Pug piling, sheet piles
   connected  together at the edges by dovetailed tongues and grooves. --
   Sheet  piling,  a  series  of piles made of planks or half logs driven
   edge to edge, -- used to form the walls of cofferdams, etc.

                                     Pill

   Pill  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Peel skin, or Pillion.] The peel or skin. [Obs.]
   "Some  be  covered  over  with crusts, or hard pills, as the locusts."
   Holland.

                                     Pill

   Pill, v. i. To be peeled; to peel off in flakes.

                                     Pill

   Pill,  v.  t.  [Cf.  L.  pilare  to  deprive  of hair, and E. pill, n.
   (above).]

   1. To deprive of hair; to make bald. [Obs.]

   2. To peel; to make by removing the skin.

     [Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods. Gen. xxx. 37.

                                     Pill

   Pill  (?),  v.  t.  &  i.  [imp.  &  p. p. Pilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pilling.] [F. piller, L. pilare; cf. It. pigliare to take. Cf. Peel to
   plunder.]  To  rob;  to  plunder;  to  pillage;  to peel. See Peel, to
   plunder. [Obs.] Spenser.

     Pillers  and  robbers were come in to the field to pill and to rob.
     Sir T. Malroy.

                                     Pill

   Pill  (?),  n.  [F.  pilute, L. pilula a pill, little ball, dim. of L.
   pila a ball. Cf. Piles.]

   1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or small round mass, to be
   swallowed whole.

   2.  Figuratively,  something  offensive  or  nauseous  which  must  be
   accepted or endured.<-- esp., as bitter pill --> Udall.
   Pill  beetle (Zo\'94l.), any small beetle of the genus Byrrhus, having
   a  rounded  body,  with the head concealed beneath the thorax. -- Pill
   bug  (Zo\'94l.), any terrestrial isopod of the genus Armadillo, having
   the  habit  of  rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also
   pill   wood  louse.<--  poison  pill  Fig.,  anything  accompanying  a
   desirable  object  or  action,  which  makes it deleterious to him who
   accepts it; esp. (Finance) a provision in the regulations or financial
   structure  (as  indebtedness)  of  a  company  which makes the company
   undesirable as a target for a hostile takeover -->

                                    Pillage

   Pil"lage (?), n. [F., fr. piller to plunder. See Pill to plunder.]

   1. The act of pillaging; robbery. Shak.

   2.  That  which  is  taken  from  another  or  others  by  open force,
   particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty.

     Which pillage they with merry march bring home. Shak.

   Syn.  --  Plunder;  rapine;  spoil;  depredation. -- Pillage, Plunder.
   Pillage  refers  particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of
   their  goods,  while  plunder refers to the removal of the things thus
   taken; but the words are freely interchanged.

                                    Pillage

   Pil"lage,  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pillaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pillaging
   (?).]  To  strip  of  money  or goods by open violence; to plunder; to
   spoil; to lay waste; as, to pillage the camp of an enemy.

     Mummius . . . took, pillaged, and burnt their city. Arbuthnot.

                                    Pillage

   Pil"lage, v. i. To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage.

     They were suffered to pillage wherever they went. Macaulay.

                                   Pillager

   Pil"la*ger (?), n. One who pillages. Pope.

                                    Pillar

   Pil"lar  (?),  n. [OE. pilerF. pilier, LL. pilare, pilarium, pilarius,
   fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pile a heap.]

   1. The general and popular term for a firm, upright, insulated support
   for a superstructure; a pier, column, or post; also, a column or shaft
   not  supporting  a superstructure, as one erected for a monument or an
   ornament.

     Jacob set a pillar upon her grave. Gen. xxxv. 20.

     The  place  .  .  .  vast and proud, Supported by a hundred pillars
     stood. Dryden.

   2.  Figuratively,  that  which  resembles such a pillar in appearance,
   character,  or  office;  a  supporter  or mainstay; as, the Pillars of
   Hercules;  a  pillar  of the state. "You are a well-deserving pillar."
   Shak.

     By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire. Milton.

   3. (R. C. Ch.) A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a
   cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church. [Obs.] Skelton.

   4.  (Man.)  The  center  of  the volta, ring, or manege ground, around
   which a horse turns.
   From pillar to post, hither and thither; to and fro; from one place or
   predicament  to  another;  backward  and  forward. [Colloq.] -- Pillar
   saint. See Stylite. -- Pillars of the fauces. See Fauces, 1.

                                    Pillar

   Pil"lar,  a. (Mach.) Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead
   of legs; as, a pillar drill.

                                 Pillar-block

   Pil"lar-block` (?), n. See under Pillow.

                                   Pillared

   Pil"lared  (?),  a.  Supported  or ornamented by pillars; resembling a
   pillar,  or  pillars.  "The  pillared arches." Sir W. Scott. "Pillared
   flame." Thomson.

                                   Pillaret

   Pil"lar*et (?), n. A little pillar. [R.] Fuller.

                                   Pillarist

   Pil"lar*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) See Stylite.

                                    Pillau

   Pil*lau"  (?), n. [Per. & Turk. pilau.] An Oriental dish consisting of
   rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter. [Written also pilau.]

                                    Pilled

   Pilled  (?), a. [See 3rd Pill.] Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald.
   [Obs.] "Pilled beard." Chaucer.

                                 Pilled-garlic

   Pilled"-gar"lic (?), n. See Pilgarlic.

                                    Piller

   Pill"er (?), n. One who pills or plunders. [Obs.]

                                    Pillery

   Pill"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pilleries (. Plunder; pillage. [Obs.] Daniel.

                                    Pillion

   Pil"lion (?), n. [Ir. pillin, pilliun (akin to Gael. pillean, pillin),
   fr.  Ir. & Gael. pill, peall, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L. pellis. See
   Pell,  n.,  Fell  skin.]  A  panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or
   cushion  of  saddle;  esp.,  a  pad  or  cushion put on behind a man's
   saddle, on which a woman may ride.

     His [a soldier's] shank pillion without stirrups. Spenser.

                                   Pillorize

   Pil"lo*rize  (?),  v.  t.  To  set in, or punish with, the pillory; to
   pillory. [R.]

                                    Pillory

   Pil"lo*ry  (?),  n.; pl. Pillories (#). [F. pilori; cf. Pr. espitlori,
   LL. piloricum, pilloricum, pellericum, pellorium, pilorium, spilorium;
   perhaps from a derivative of L. speculari to look around, observe. Cf.
   Speculate.] A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having
   holes  through  which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so
   as to be exposed in front of it. Shak.

                                    Pillory

   Pil"lo*ry,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pilloried  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pillorying.] [Cf. F. pilorier.]

   1.  To set in, or punish with, the pillory. "Hungering for Puritans to
   pillory." Macaulay.

   2. Figuratively, to expose to public scorn. Gladstone.

                                    Pillow

   Pil"low (?), n. [OE. pilwe, AS. pyle, fr. L. pilvinus.]

   1.  Anything  used  to  support  the  head  of a person when reposing;
   especially,  a sack or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other
   soft material.

     [Resty sloth] finds the down pillow hard. Shak.

   2.  (Mach.)  A  piece  of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize
   pressure; a brass; a pillow block. [R.]

   3. (Naut.) A block under the inner end of a bowsprit.

   4. A kind of plain, coarse fustian.
   Lace  pillow,  a  cushion  used in making hand-wrought lace. -- Pillow
   bier  [OE.  pilwebere;  cf.  LG.  b\'81re a pillowcase], a pillowcase;
   pillow  slip.  [Obs.]  Chaucer.  --  Pillow block (Mach.), a block, or
   standard,  for  supporting  a  journal,  as  of a shaft. It is usually
   bolted to the frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished
   with  journal  boxes,  and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the
   bearings  by  means  of bolts; -- called also pillar block, or plumber
   block.  -- Pillow lace, handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace
   pillow.  --  Pillow  of  a  plow, a crosspiece of wood which serves to
   raise  or  lower the beam. -- Pillow sham, an ornamental covering laid
   over a pillow when not in use. -- Pillow slip, a pillowcase.

                                    Pillow

   Pil"low  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pillowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pillowing.] To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; as,
   to pillow the head.

     Pillows his chin upon an orient wave. Milton.

                                  Pillowcase

   Pil"low*case`  (?),  n.  A  removable  case  or covering for a pillow,
   usually of white linen or cotton cloth.

                                   Pillowed

   Pil"lowed  (?),  a. Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head
   resting on, or as on, a pillow.

     Pillowedon buckler cold and hard. Sir W. Scott.

                                    Pillowy

   Pil"low*y (?), a. Like a pillow. Keats.

                                  Pill-willet

   Pill"-wil`let (?), n. [So named from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) The willet.

                                   Pillworm

   Pill"worm`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  myriapod of the genus Iulus and
   allied genera which rolls up spirally; a galleyworm. See Illust. under
   Myriapod.

                                   Pillwort

   Pill"wort`  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  Any plant of the genus Pilularia; minute
   aquatic cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; -- sometimes called
   peppergrass.

                                  Pilocarpine

   Pi`lo*car"pine  (?),  n. [From NL. Pilocarpus pennatifolius jaborandi;
   L.  pilus  hair + Gr. pilocarpine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from
   jaborandi   (Pilocarpus   pennatifolius)   as  a  white  amorphous  or
   crystalline  substance  which  has  a peculiar effect on the vasomotor
   system.

                                    Pilose

   Pi*lose" (?), a. [L. pilosus, fr. pilus hair. See Pile.]

   1. Hairy; full of, or made of, hair.

     The heat-retaining property of the pilose covering. Owen.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Clothed thickly with pile or soft down.

   3.  (Bot.)  Covered  with  long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs;
   hairy; as, pilose pubescence.

                                   Pilosity

   Pi*los"i*ty  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  pilosit\'82.] The quality or state of
   being pilose; hairiness. Bacon.

                                     Pilot

   Pi"lot  (?),  n.  [F. pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet, sounding
   lead;  peilen,  pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a
   sort  of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E. lead. The pilot,
   then,  is  the  lead  man, i.e., he who throws the lead. See Pail, and
   Lead a metal.]

   1.  (Naut.)  One  employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a steersman.
   Dryden.

   2.  Specifically,  a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority,
   to conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a
   fixed rate of fees.

   3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or
   unknown course.

   4. An instrument for detecting the compass error.

   5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive. [U.S.]
   Pilot  balloon,  a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to
   show  the  direction  and force of the wind. -- Pilot bird. (Zo\'94l.)
   (a)  A  bird found near the Caribbee Islands; -- so called because its
   presence indicates to mariners their approach to these islands. Crabb.
   (b)  The  black-bellied plover. [Local, U.S.] -- Pilot boat, a strong,
   fast-sailing  boat  used to carry and receive pilots as they board and
   leave vessels. -- Pilot bread, ship biscuit. -- Pilot cloth, a coarse,
   stout kind of cloth for overcoats. -- Pilot engine, a locomotive going
   in  advance  of  a  train to make sure that the way is clear. -- Pilot
   fish. (Zo\'94l) (a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates ductor); -- so
   named  because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near
   a ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to
   the shark. (b) The rudder fish (Seriola zonata). -- Pilot jack, a flag
   or  signal  hoisted  by  a  vessel for a pilot. -- Pilot jacket, a pea
   jacket.  --  Pilot  nut  (Bridge  Building),  a  conical  nut  applied
   temporarily  to  the  threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and
   guide  the  pin when it is driven into a hole. Waddell. -- Pilot snake
   (Zo\'94l.)  (a) A large North American snake (Coluber obsoleus). It is
   lustrous  black,  with  white edges to some of the scales. Called also
   mountain  black  snake. (b) The pine snake. -- Pilot whale. (Zo\'94l.)
   Same as Blackfish, 1.

                                     Pilot

   Pi"lot,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Piloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Piloting.] [Cf.
   F. piloter.]

   1.  To  direct  the  course  of,  as  of  a  ship, where navigation is
   dangerous.

   2.  Figuratively:  To  guide, as through dangers or difficulties. "The
   art of piloting a state." Berkeley. <-- to operate (an airlane) -->

                                   Pilotage

   Pi"lot*age (?), n. [Cf. F. pilotage.]

   1.  The  pilot's  skill  or  knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and
   channels. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

   2. The compensation made or allowed to a pilot.

   3. Guidance, as by a pilot. Sir W. Scott.

                               Pilotism, Pilotry

   Pi"lot*ism  (?),  Pi"lot*ry (?), n. Pilotage; skill in the duties of a
   pilot. [R.]
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                                    Pilour

   Pil"our (?), n. A piller; a plunderer. [Obs.]

                                    Pilous

   Pil"ous (?), a. See Pilose.

                                    Pilser

   Pil"ser (?), n. An insect that flies into a flame.

                                    Pilular

   Pil"u*lar  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or
   pills; as, a pilular mass.

                                   Pilulous

   Pil"u*lous  (?),  a. [L. pilula a pill. See Pill.] Like a pill; small;
   insignificant. [R.] G. Eliot.

                                     Pilwe

   Pil"we (?), n. A pillow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pily

   Pi"ly (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like pile or wool.

                                    Pimaric

   Pi*mar"ic  (?), a. [NL. pinum maritima, an old name for P. Pinaster, a
   pine  which yields galipot.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an
   acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic acid.

                                    Pimelic

   Pi*mel"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a
   substance  obtained  from  certain  fatty substances, and subsequently
   shown to be a mixture of suberic and adipic acids. (b) Designating the
   acid proper (C5H10(CO2/H)2) which is obtained from camphoric acid.

                                   Pimelite

   Pim"e*lite  (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) An apple-green mineral having a greasy
   feel.  It  is  a  hydrous  silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia, and
   iron.

                                    Piment

   Pi"ment  (?),  n. [F. See Pimento.] Wine flavored with spice or honey.
   See Pigment, 3. [Obs.]

                                    Pimenta

   Pi*men"ta (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pimento.

                                    Pimento

   Pi*men"to (?), n. [Sp. pimiento, pimienta; cf. Pg. pimenta, F. piment;
   all  fr.  L.  pigmentum  a paint, pigment, the juice of plants; hence,
   something  spicy  and  aromatic.  See  Pigment.]  (Bot.)  Allspice; --
   applied both to the tree and its fruit. See Allspice.

                                    Pimlico

   Pim"li*co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The friar bird.

                                     Pimp

   Pimp  (?),  n. [Cf. F. pimpant smart, sparkish; perh. akin to piper to
   pipe,   formerly   also,   to  excel.  Cf.  Pipe.]  One  who  provides
   gratification for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander. Swift.

                                     Pimp

   Pimp,  v.  i.  [imp.  & p. p. Pimped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pimping.] To
   procure  women  for  the  gratification  of  others' lusts; to pander.
   Dryden.

                                   Pimpernel

   Pim"per*nel   (?),   n.   [F.  pimprenelle;  cf.  Sp.  pimpinela,  It.
   pimpinella;  perh.  from  LL.  bipinnella,  for  bipinnula two-winged,
   equiv.  to  L.  bipennis;  bis  twice + penna feather, wing. Cf. Pen a
   feather.]  (Bot.) A plant of the genus Anagallis, of which one species
   (A.  arvensis)  has  small  flowers,  usually  scarlet,  but sometimes
   purple,  blue,  or  white, which speedily close at the approach of bad
   weather. Water pimpernel. (Bot.) See Brookweed.

                                   Pimpillo

   Pim"pil*lo  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  A  West Indian name for the prickly pear
   (Opuntia); -- called also pimploes.

                                   Pimpinel

   Pim"pi*nel  (?),  n. [See Pimpernel.] (Bot.) The burnet saxifrage. See
   under Saxifrage.

                                    Pimping

   Pimp"ing (?), a. [Cf. G. pimpelig, pimpelnd, sickly, weak.]

   1. Little; petty; pitiful. [Obs.] Crabbe.

   2. Puny; sickly. [Local, U.S.]

                                    Pimple

   Pim"ple (?), n. [AS. p\'c6pelian to blister; cf. L. papula pimple.]

   1. (Med.) Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going
   on  to  suppuration  or  not. "All eyes can see a pimple on her nose."
   Pope.

   2.  Fig.:  A  swelling  or  protuberance like a pimple. "A pimple that
   portends a future sprout." Cowper.

                                    Pimpled

   Pim"pled (?), a. Having pimples. Johnson.

                                    Pimply

   Pim"ply (?), a. Pimpled.

                                   Pimpship

   Pimp"ship (?), n. The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp. [R.]

                                      Pin

   Pin (?), v. t. (Metal Working) To peen.

                                      Pin

   Pin  (?),  v.  t.  [Cf.  Pen  to  confine, or Pinfold.] To inclose; to
   confine; to pen; to pound.

                                      Pin

   Pin,  n.  [OE. pinne, AS. pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G. pinne, Icel.
   pinni,  W.  pin,  Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L. pinna a pinnacle, pin,
   feather, perhaps orig. a different word from pinna feather. Cf. Fin of
   a fish, Pen a feather.]

   1.  A  piece  of  wood,  metal,  etc., generally cylindrical, used for
   fastening  separate  articles  together,  or as a support by which one
   article may be suspended from another; a peg; a bolt.

     With pins of adamant And chains they made all fast. Milton.

   2.  Especially,  a  small,  pointed and headed piece of brass or other
   wire  (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching
   papers, etc.

   3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.

     He . . . did not care a pin for her. Spectator.

   4.  That  which  resembles  a pin in its form or use; as: (a) A peg in
   musical  instruments,  for  increasing  or relaxing the tension of the
   strings.  (b)  A  linchpin.  (c)  A rolling-pin. (d) A clothespin. (e)
   (Mach.)  A  short  shaft,  sometimes  forming  a bolt, a part of which
   serves  as a journal. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle. (f)
   (Joinery) The tenon of a dovetail joint.

   5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark
   how much each man should drink.

   6.  The  bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center. [Obs.]
   "The very pin of his heart cleft." Shak.

   7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] "In merry pin." Cowper.

   8. (Med.) Caligo. See Caligo. Shak.

   9.  An  ornament,  as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a
   pin; as, a Masonic pin.

   10. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang]
   Banking  pin  (Horol.),  a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit
   its  motion.  --  Pin  drill  (Mech.),  a  drill with a central pin or
   projection  to  enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a
   recess  for  the  head  of  a bolt, etc.; a counterbore. -- Pin grass.
   (Bot.)  See Alfilaria. -- Pin hole, a small hole made by a pin; hence,
   any  very  small aperture or perforation. -- Pin lock, a lock having a
   cylindrical  bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are used
   instead of tumblers. -- Pin money, an allowance of money, as that made
   by a husband to his wife, for private and personal expenditure. -- Pin
   rail  (Naut.),  a  rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold belaying
   pins. Sometimes applied to the fife rail. Called also pin rack. -- Pin
   wheel.  (a)  A  contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical pins.
   (b)  (Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes
   a wheel of yellow or colored fire. <-- a toy with lightweight, usually
   brightly  colored  vanes, as of plastic, which revolve on a pin at the
   end of a stick, when acted on by a wind -->

                                      Pin

   Pin  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Pinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinning.]
   [See Pin, n.] To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to pin a
   garment;  to  pin  boards  together.  "Aa  if she would pin her to her
   heart." Shak. To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to trust to.

                                 Pi\'a4a cloth

   Pi"\'a4a  cloth`  (?).  A  fine  material  for ladies' shawls, scarfs,
   handkerchiefs,  etc.,  made  from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and
   perhaps  from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and
   transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.

                                   Pinacoid

   Pin"a*coid  (?),  n. [Gr. -oid.] (Crystallog.) A plane parallel to two
   of the crystalline axes.

                                   Pinacolin

   Pi*nac"o*lin  (?),  n.  [Pinacone + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless
   oily  liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition
   of  pinacone;  hence,  by  extension,  any  one of the series of which
   pinacolin proper is the type. [Written also pinacoline.]

                                   Pinacone

   Pin"a*cone  (?),  n.  [From  Gr. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance
   related  to  the  glycols, and made from acetone; hence, by extension,
   any  one  of  a  series  of substances of which pinacone proper is the
   type. [Written also pinakone.]

                                  Pinacotheca

   Pin`a*co*the"ca (?), n. [L. pinacotheca, fr. Gr. A picture gallery.

                                   Pinafore

   Pin"a*fore` (?), n. [Pin + afore.] An apron for a child to protect the
   front part of dress; a tier.

                                  Pinakothek

   Pin"a*ko*thek` (?), n. [G.] Pinacotheca.

                                   Pinaster

   Pi*nas"ter  (?),  n.  [L., fr. pinus a pine.] (Bot.) A species of pine
   (Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern Europe.

                                     Pinax

   Pi"nax  (?),  n.;  pl. Pinaces (#). [L., fr. Gr. A tablet; a register;
   hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                   Pince-nez

   Pince`-nez"  (?),  n. [F. pincer to pinch + nez nose.] Eyeglasses kept
   on the nose by a spring.

                                    Pincers

   Pin"cers  (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch. See
   Pinch, Pinchers.] See Pinchers.

                                     Pinch

   Pinch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinching.]
   [F.  pincer,  probably  fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G. pfetzen to
   cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. Piece.]

   1.  To  press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between
   teeth  or  claws,  or between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or
   compress, as between any two hard bodies.

   2. o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of animals. [Obs.]

     He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down. Chapman.

   3. To plait. [Obs.]

     Full seemly her wimple ipinched was. Chaucer.

   4.  Figuratively:  To  cramp;  to  straiten; to oppress; to starve; to
   distress; as, to be pinched for money.

     Want of room . . . pinching a whole nation. Sir W. Raleigh.

   5.  To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See
   Pinch, n., 4.

                                     Pinch

   Pinch, v. i.

   1.  To  act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; as, the shoe
   pinches."

   2. (Hunt.) To take hold; to grip, as a dog does. [Obs.]

   3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous. Gower.

     The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare. Franklin.

   To pinch at, to find fault with; to take exception to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pinch

   Pinch, n.

   1.  A  close  compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an
   instrument; a nip.

   2.  As  much  as  may  be taken between the finger and thumb; any very
   small quantity; as, a pinch of snuff.

   3. Pian; pang. "Necessary's sharp pinch." Shak.

   4.  A  lever  having  a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, --
   used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also pinch bar.
   At  a pinch, On a pinch, in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read
   a little Latin.<-- in a pinch -->

                                   Pinchbeck

   Pinch"beck  (?), n. [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf. It.
   prencisbecco.]  An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow
   metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It
   is  much  used  as  an  imitation  of gold in the manufacture of cheap
   jewelry.

                                   Pinchbeck

   Pinch"beck,  a.  Made  of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal. "A
   pinchbeck throne." J. A. Symonds.

                                   Pinchcock

   Pinch"cock` (?), n. A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of
   a fluid through the pipe.

                                    Pinchem

   Pin"chem (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Pincher

   Pinch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pinches.

                                   Pinchers

   Pinch"ers  (?),  n. pl. [From Pinch.] An instrument having two handles
   and  two  grasping jaws working on a pivot; -- used for griping things
   to be held fast, drawing nails, etc.

     NOTE: &hand; Th is sp elling is  pr eferable to  pi ncers, bo th on
     account  of  its  derivation from the English pinch, and because it
     represents the common pronunciation.

                                   Pinchfist

   Pinch"fist` (?), n. A closefisted person; a miser.

                                   Pinching

   Pinch"ing,  a.  Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching
   cold;  a pinching parsimony. Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n.,
   4. -- Pinching nut, a check nut. See under Check, n.

                                  Pinchingly

   Pinch"ing*ly, adv. In a pinching way.

                                  Pinchpenny

   Pinch"pen`ny (?), n. A miserly person.

                                   Pincoffin

   Pin"coff*in  (?),  n.  [From  Pincoff,  an  English  manufacturer.]  A
   commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints.

                                   Pincpinc

   Pinc"pinc`  (?),  n. [Named from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) An African wren
   warbler. (Drymoica textrix).

                                  Pincushion

   Pin"cush`ion  (?),  n. A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for
   use.

                                Pindal, Pindar

   Pin"dal  (?), Pin"dar (?), n. [D. piendel.] (Bot.) The peanut (Arachis
   hypog\'91a); -- so called in the West Indies.

                                   Pindaric

   Pin*dar"ic  (?),  a.  [L.  Pindaricus,  Gr.  Pindarus)  Pindar: cf. F.
   pindarique.]  Of  or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after
   the  style  and  manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes. -- n. A Pindaric
   ode.

                                  Pindarical

   Pin*dar"ic*al (?), a. Pindaric.

     Too extravagant and Pindarical for prose. Cowley.

                                   Pindarism

   Pin"dar*ism (?), n. Imitation of Pindar.

                                   Pindarist

   Pin"dar*ist, n. One who imitates Pindar.

                                    Pinder

   Pin"der  (?),  n.  [AS.  pyndan  to pen up, fr. pund a pound.] One who
   impounds; a poundkeeper. [Obs.]

                                     Pine

   Pine  (?),  n. [AS. p\'c6n, L. poena penalty. See Pain.] Woe; torment;
   pain. [Obs.] "Pyne of hell." Chaucer.

                                     Pine

   Pine,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Pined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pining.] [AS.
   p\'c6nan to torment, fr. p\'c6n torment. See 1st Pine, Pain, n. & v.]

   1.  To  inflict  pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict. [Obs.]
   Chaucer. Shak.

     That people that pyned him to death. Piers Plowman.

     One is pined in prison, another tortured on the rack. Bp. Hall.

   2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.] Milton.

                                     Pine

   Pine, v. i.

   1. To suffer; to be afflicted. [Obs.]

   2.  To  languish;  to  lose  flesh or wear away, under any distress or
   anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with away. "The roses wither
   and the lilies pine." Tickell.

   3.  To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something;
   -- usually followed by for.

     For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. Shak.

   Syn. -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.

                                     Pine

   Pine, n. [AS. p\'c6n, L. pinus.]

   1. (Bot.) Any tree of the coniferous genus Pinus. See Pinus.

     NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e ab out tw enty-eight species in the United
     States,  of which the white pine (P. Strobus), the Georgia pine (P.
     australis),  the  red  pine (P. resinosa), and the great West Coast
     sugar pine (P. Lambertiana) are among the most valuable. The Scotch
     pine or fir, also called Norway or Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is
     the only British species. The nut pine is any pine tree, or species
     of  pine,  which  bears large edible seeds. See Pinon. The spruces,
     firs,  larches,  and true cedars, though formerly considered pines,
     are now commonly assigned to other genera.

   2. The wood of the pine tree.

   3. A pineapple.
   Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground. -- Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a
   beautiful  coniferous  tree,  the Araucaria excelsa. -- Pine barren, a
   tract  of  infertile land which is covered with pines. [Southern U.S.]
   --  Pine  borer  (Zo\'94l.),  any beetle whose larv\'91 bore into pine
   trees.  -- Pine finch. (Zo\'94l.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary. --
   Pine  grosbeak  (Zo\'94l.),  a  large  grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator),
   which  inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male
   is  more  or less tinged with red. -- Pine lizard (Zo\'94l.), a small,
   very active, mottled gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), native of the
   Middle States; -- called also swift, brown scorpion, and alligator. --
   Pine marten. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European weasel (Mustela martes), called
   also sweet marten, and yellow-breasted marten. (b) The American sable.
   See  Sable.  --  Pine  moth  (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of
   small  tortricid  moths of the genus Retinia, whose larv\'91 burrow in
   the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage. --
   Pine  mouse  (Zo\'94l.),  an American wild mouse (Arvicola pinetorum),
   native  of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests. -- Pine needle
   (Bot.),  one  of  the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See
   Pinus. -- Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below). -- Pine oil, an oil
   resembling  turpentine,  obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in
   making  varnishes  and  colors.  --  Pine  snake  (Zo\'94l.),  a large
   harmless North American snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish,
   covered  with  brown  blotches  having black margins. Called also bull
   snake.  The  Western  pine  snake (P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled
   with black and orange. -- Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus;
   pine.  --  Pine-tree  money,  money  coined  in  Massachusetts  in the
   seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine
   tree.  --  Pine  weevil  (Zo\'94l.),  any  one  of numerous species of
   weevils whose larv\'91 bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species
   are  known  in  both  Europe  and  America,  belonging  to  the genera
   Pissodes,  Hylobius,  etc.  --  Pine  wool, a fiber obtained from pine
   needles  by  steaming them. It is prepared on a large scale in some of
   the Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic arts; --
   called also pine-needle wool, and pine-wood wool.

                                    Pineal

   Pi"ne*al  (?),  a.  [L.  pinea  the cone of a pine, from pineus of the
   pine,  from  pinus  a  pine: cf. F. pin\'82ale.] Of or pertaining to a
   pine  cone;  resembling a pine cone. Pineal gland (Anat.), a glandlike
   body  in  the  roof of the third ventricle of the vertebrate brain; --
   called  also  pineal  body, epiphysis, conarium. In some animals it is
   connected  with  a  rudimentary  eye, the so-called pineal eye, and in
   other animals it is supposed to be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.
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   Page 1088

                                   Pineapple

   Pine"ap`ple  (?),  n. (Bot.) A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also,
   its  fruit;  -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape
   and  external  appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is
   unknown, though conjectured to be American.

                                   Pineaster

   Pine`as"ter (?), n. See Pinaster.

                            Pine-clad, Pine-crowned

   Pine"-clad`  (?),  Pine"-crowned`  (?),  a.  Clad or crowned with pine
   trees; as, pine-clad hills.

                                   Pinedrops

   Pine"drops`  (?),  n. (Bot.) A reddish herb (Pterospora andromedea) of
   the United States, found parasitic on the roots of pine trees.

                                   Pinefinch

   Pine"finch`  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small American bird (Spinus, OR
   Chrysomitris,  spinus);  --  called  also  pine  siskin,  and American
   siskin. (b) The pine grosbeak.

                                  Pinenchyma

   Pi*nen"chy*ma  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  -enchyma, as in parenchyma.]
   (Bot.)  Tabular  parenchyma,  a  form  of cellular tissue in which the
   cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.

                                    Pinery

   Pin"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pineries (.

   1. A pine forest; a grove of pines.

   2. A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.

                                    Pinesap

   Pine"sap`  (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish fleshy herb of the genus Monotropa
   (M.  hypopitys), formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine
   trees, but more probably saprophytic.

                                    Pinetum

   Pi*ne"tum  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  pine grove.] A plantation of pine trees;
   esp.,  a  collection  of  living  pine  trees  made  for ornamental or
   scientific purposes.

                                   Pineweed

   Pine"weed`   (?),  n.  (Bot.)  A  low,  bushy,  nearly  leafless  herb
   (Hypericum  Sarothra),  common  in  sandy  soil  in the Eastern United
   States.

                                     Piney

   Pin"ey (?), a. See Piny.

                                     Piney

   Pin"ey, a. [Of East Indian origin.] A term used in designating an East
   Indian   tree  (the  Vateria  Indica  or  piney  tree,  of  the  order
   Dipterocarpe\'91, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its products. Piney
   dammar,  Piney  resin,  Piney  varnish,  a  pellucid, fragrant, acrid,
   bitter  resin,  which exudes from the piney tree (Vateria Indica) when
   wounded.  It  is  used  as  a  varnish,  in  making  candles, and as a
   substitute  for  incense  and for amber. Called also liquid copal, and
   white  dammar.  --  Piney  tallow, a solid fatty substance, resembling
   tallow,  obtained from the roasted seeds of the Vateria Indica; called
   also  dupada  oil.  --  Piney  thistle  (Bot.),  a  plant  (Atractylis
   gummifera),  from  the  bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance
   exudes.

                                   Pin-eyed

   Pin"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the stigma visible at the throad of a
   gamopetalous  corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; --
   said of dimorphous flowers. The opposite of thrum-eyed.

                                  Pinfeather

   Pin"feath`er   (?),   n.  A  feather  not  fully  developed;  esp.,  a
   rudimentary feather just emerging through the skin.

                                 Pinfeathered

   Pin"feath`ered   (?),   a.  Having  part,  or  all,  of  the  feathers
   imperfectly developed.

                                    Pinfish

   Pin"fish`  (?),  n.  [So  called  from  their  sharp  dorsal  spines.]
   (Zo\'94l.) (a) The sailor's choice (Diplodus, OR Lagodon, rhomboides).
   (b) The salt-water bream (Diplodus Holbrooki).

     NOTE: &hand; Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of
     the  United States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied
     to other allied species.

                                    Pinfold

   Pin"fold`  (?),  n. [For pindfold. See Pinder, Pound an inclosure, and
   Fold  an inclosure.] A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals
   are confined; a pound; a penfold. Shak.

     A parish pinfold begirt by its high hedge. Sir W. Scott.

                                     Ping

   Ping  (?),  n.  [Probably  of  imitative  origin.] The sound made by a
   bullet in striking a solid object or in passing through the air.

                                     Ping

   Ping,  v.  i.  [imp.  & p. p. Pinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinging.] To
   make the sound called ping.

                                    Pingle

   Pin"gle  (?),  n.  [Perhaps  fr.  pin  to  impound.]  A small piece of
   inclosed ground. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

                                   Pingster

   Ping"ster (?), n. See Pinkster.

                                  Pinguicula

   Pin*guic"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pinguiculus somewhat fat, fattish.]
   (Bot.) See Butterwort.

                                    Pinguid

   Pin"guid (?), a. [L. pinguis fat.] Fat; unctuous; greasy. [Obs.] "Some
   clays are more pinguid." Mortimer.

                                 Pinguidinous

   Pin*guid"i*nous  (?),  a.  [L.  pinguedo  fatness,  fr.  pinguis fat.]
   Containing fat; fatty. [Obs.]

                                  Pinguitude

   Pin"gui*tude  (?),  n.  [L.  pinguitudo, from pinguis fat.] Fatness; a
   growing fat; obesity. [R.]

                                    Pinhold

   Pin"hold` (?), n. A place where a pin is fixed.

                                     Pinic

   Pi"nic  (  a.  [L.  pinus pine.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the pine;
   obtained  from  the  pine;  formerly, designating an acid which is the
   chief  constituent  of common resin, -- now called abietic, or sylvic,
   acid.

                                    Pining

   Pin"ing (?), a.

   1. Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with longing.

   2. Wasting; consuming. "The pining malady of France." Shak.

                                   Piningly

   Pin"ing*ly, adv. In a pining manner; droopingly. Poe.

                                    Pinion

   Pin"ion  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  moth  of the genus Lithophane, as L.
   antennata, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.

                                    Pinion

   Pin"ion, n. [OF. pignon a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp.
   pi\'a4on  pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle, feather, wing. See Pin a peg,
   and cf. Pen a feather, Pennat, Pennon.]

   1. A feather; a quill. Shak.

   2. A wing, literal or figurative.

     Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome. Pope.

   3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body. Johnson.

   4. A fetter for the arm. Ainsworth.

   5. (Mech.) A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted
   to  engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see Rack); esp., such a wheel
   having  its  leaves  formed  of  the substance of the arbor or spindle
   which is its axis.
   Lantern  pinion.  See  under  Lantern.  --  Pinion  wire,  wire fluted
   longitudinally,  for  making  the pinions of clocks and watches. It is
   formed  by  being  drawn  through  holes of the shape required for the
   leaves or teeth of the pinions.

                                    Pinion

   Pin"ion  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pinioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pinioning.]

   1.  To  bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding the wings.
   Bacon.

   2. To disable by cutting off the pinion joint. Johnson.

   3.  To  disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by
   binding the arms to the body. Shak.

     Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips. Cowper.

   4.  Hence,  generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up. "Pinioned up by
   formal rules of state." Norris.

                                   Pinioned

   Pin"ioned (?), a. Having wings or pinions.

                                   Pinionist

   Pin"ion*ist, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any winged creature.

                                    Pinite

   Pin"ite  (?),  n.  [So  called  from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.) A
   compact  granular  cryptocrystalline  mineral  of  a  dull  grayish or
   greenish  white  color.  It  is  a  hydrous  alkaline silicate, and is
   derived from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite.

                                    Pinite

   Pi"nite (?), n. [L. pinus the pine tree.]

   1.  (Paleon.) Any fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged
   to the Pine family.

   2.  (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum
   of  a  species  of  pine  (Pinus Lambertina). It is isomeric with, and
   resembles, quercite.

                                     Pink

   Pink  (?), n. [D. pink.] (Naut.) A vessel with a very narrow stern; --
   called also pinky. Sir W. Scott. Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow stern.

                                     Pink

   Pink,  v.  i. [D. pinken, pinkoogen, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.]
   To wink; to blink. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

                                     Pink

   Pink, a. Half-shut; winking. [Obs.] Shak.

                                     Pink

   Pink,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Pinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinking.] [OE.
   pinken to prick, probably a nasalized form of pick.]

   1.  To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper,
   in small scallops or angles.

   2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword. Addison.

   3. To choose; to cull; to pick out. [Obs.] Herbert.

                                     Pink

   Pink, n. A stab. Grose.

                                     Pink

   Pink,  n.  [Perh.  akin  to  pick;  as if the edges of the petals were
   picked out. Cf. Pink, v. t.]

   1. (Bot.) A name given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus
   Dianthus,  and to their flowers, which are sometimes very fragrant and
   often double in cultivated varieties. The species are mostly perennial
   herbs,  with opposite linear leaves, and handsome five-petaled flowers
   with a tubular calyx.

   2.  A  color  resulting  from the combination of a pure vivid red with
   more  or less white; -- so called from the common color of the flower.
   Dryden.

   3.  Anything  supremely  excellent;  the  embodiment  or perfection of
   something. "The very pink of courtesy." Shak.

   4.  (Zo\'94l.) The European minnow; -- so called from the color of its
   abdomen in summer. [Prov. Eng.]
   Bunch  pink is Dianthus barbatus. -- China, OR Indian, pink. See under
   China.  --  Clove  pink is Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which
   carnations  are derived. -- Garden pink. See Pheasant's eye. -- Meadow
   pink  is  applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged robin. --
   Maiden pink, Dianthus deltoides. -- Moss pink. See under Moss. -- Pink
   needle,  the pin grass; -- so called from the long, tapering points of
   the carpels. See Alfilaria. -- Sea pink. See Thrift.

                                     Pink

   Pink, a. Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called pink
   (see  6th Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink ribbons. Pink eye (Med.), a
   popular  name  for  an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with
   early  and  marked  redness  of  the  eyeball.  --  Pink salt (Chem. &
   Dyeing),  the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly
   much  used  as  a  mordant for madder and cochineal. -- Pink saucer, a
   small  saucer,  the  inner  surface  of  which  is covered with a pink
   pigment.

                                    Pinked

   Pinked  (?), a. Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped
   on the edge. Shak.

                                   Pink-eyed

   Pink"-eyed`  (?),  a.  [Pink  half-shut  +  eye.]  Having  small eyes.
   Holland.

                                    Pinking

   Pink"ing, n.

   1. The act of piercing or stabbing.

   2.  The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking
   iron;  also,  the  style  of  decoration; scallops made with a pinking
   iron.
   Pinking  iron.  (a) An instrument for scalloping the edges of ribbons,
   flounces, etc. (b) A sword. [Colloq.]

                                    Pinkish

   Pink"ish, a. Somewhat pink.

                                   Pinkness

   Pink"ness (?), n. Quality or state of being pink.

                                   Pinkroot

   Pink"root` (?), n.

   1.  (Med.)  The  root  of  Spigelia  Marilandica,  used  as a powerful
   vermifuge; also, that of S. Anthelmia. See definition 2 (below).

   2.  (Bot.) (a) A perennial North American herb (Spigelia Marilandica),
   sometimes  cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also Carolina
   pink,  Maryland pinkroot, and worm grass. (b) An annual South American
   and West Indian plant (Spigelia Anthelmia).

                                   Pinkster

   Pink"ster  (?),  n.  [D.  pinkster,  pinksteren,  fr.  Gr. Pentecost.]
   Whitsuntide.  [Written  also  pingster  and  pinxter.] Pinkster flower
   (Bot.),  the  rosy  flower  of  the  Azalea nudiflora; also, the shrub
   itself;  --  called also Pinxter blomachee by the New York descendants
   of the Dutch settlers.

                                  Pink stern

   Pink" stern` (?). [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) See Chebacco, and 1st Pink.

                                 Pink-sterned

   Pink"-sterned`  (?),  a.  [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) Having a very narrow
   stern; -- said of a vessel.

                                     Pinky

   Pink"y (?), n. (Naut.) See 1st Pink.

                                     Pinna

   Pin"na (?), n.; pl. Pinn\'91 (#), E. Pinnas (#). [L., a feather.]

   1.  (Bot.)  (a)  A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See Illust. of Bipinnate
   leaf,  under  Bipinnate.  (b)  One  of  the  primary  divisions  of  a
   decompound leaf.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ.

   3.  [L. pinna, akin to Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pinna, a genus of
   large  bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The byssus consists of
   a  large  number  of  long,  silky  fibers,  which  have  been used in
   manufacturing woven fabrics, as a curiosity.

   4. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear. See Ear.

                                    Pinnace

   Pin"nace  (?),  n.  [F. pinasse; cf. It. pinassa, pinazza, Sp. pinaza;
   all  from  L.  pinus a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship.
   Cf. Pine a tree.]

   1.  (Naut.)  (a)  A  small vessel propelled by sails or oars, formerly
   employed  as  a  tender,  or  for coast defence; -- called originally,
   spynace or spyne. (b) A man-of-war's boat.

     Whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downs. Shak.

   2. A procuress; a pimp. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

                                   Pinnacle

   Pin"na*cle  (?), n. [OE. pinacle, F. pinacle, L. pinnaculum, fr. pinna
   pinnacle, feather. See Pin a peg.]

   1. (Arch.) An architectural member, upright, and generally ending in a
   small  spire,  -- used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a
   proportion,  as  where pinnacles flank a gable or spire, and the like.
   Pinnacles  may  be  considered  primarily as added weight, where it is
   necessary to resist the thrust of an arch, etc.

     Some  renowned  metropolis  With  glistering  spires  and pinnacles
     around. Milton.

   2. Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit.

     Three silent pinnacles of aged snow. Tennyson.

     The  slippery  tops  of  human state, The gilded pinnacles of fate.
     Cowley.

                                   Pinnacle

   Pin"na*cle,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pinnacled  (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pinnacling  (?).] To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles. T.
   Warton.

                                    Pinnage

   Pin"nage (?), n. [Cf. Pinfold.] Poundage of cattle. See Pound. [Obs.]

                               Pinnate, Pinnated

   Pin"nate  (?),  Pin"na*ted (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered, fr. pinna a
   feather. See Pin a peg, Pen feather.]

   1.  (Bot.)  Consisting  of  several  leaflets,  or  separate portions,
   arranged  on  each  side  of  a  common  petiole,  as  the leaves of a
   rosebush,  a  hickory,  or  an ash. See Abruptly pinnate, and Illust.,
   under Abruptly.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of
   the neck.
   Pinnated grouse (Zo\'94l.), the prairie chicken.

                                   Pinnately

   Pin"nate*ly (?), adv. In a pinnate manner.

                                  Pinnatifid

   Pin*nat"i*fid  (?),  a.  [L.  pinnatus  feathered + root of findere to
   split:  cf.  F. pinnatifide.] (Bot.) Divided in a pinnate manner, with
   the divisions not reaching to the midrib.

                                 Pinnatilobate

   Pin*nat`i*lo"bate  (?),  a.  [See  Pinnate, and Lobate.] (Bot.) Having
   lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.

                                  Pinnatiped

   Pin*nat"i*ped (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + pes, pedis foot: cf. F.
   pinnatip\'8ade.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Having  the  toes bordered by membranes;
   fin-footed, as certain birds.

                                  Pinnatiped

   Pin*nat"i*ped,  n.  (Zo\'94l.) Any bird which has the toes bordered by
   membranes.

                                    Pinner

   Pin"ner (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with pins.

   2.  (Costume)  (a)  A  headdress like a cap, with long lappets. (b) An
   apron with a bib; a pinafore. (c) A cloth band for a gown. [Obs.]

     With kerchief starched, and pinners clean. Gay.

   3. A pin maker.

                                    Pinner

   Pin"ner,  n.  [See Pin to pound.] One who pins or impounds cattle. See
   Pin, v. t. [Obs.]

                                    Pinnet

   Pin"net (?), n. A pinnacle. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

                                   Pinniform

   Pin"ni*form (?), a. [L. pinna feather, fin + -form.] Shaped like a fin
   or feather. Sir J. Hill.

                                  Pinnigrada

   Pin`ni*gra"da  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. pinna a feather + gradi to walk,
   move.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pinnipedia.

                                  Pinnigrade

   Pin"ni*grade (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal of the seal tribe, moving by
   short feet that serve as paddles.

                                   Pinniped

   Pin"ni*ped (?), n. [L. pinna feather, fin + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F.
   pinnip\'8ade.]  (Zo\'94l.)  (a) One of the Pinnipedia; a seal. (b) One
   of the Pinnipedes.

                                  Pinnipedes

   Pin*nip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Steganopodes.

                                  Pinnipedia

   Pin`ni*pe"di*a  (?),  n.  pl. [NL. So called because their webbed feet
   are  used  as  paddles  or  fins.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  suborder of aquatic
   carnivorous  mammals  including  the seals and walruses; -- opposed to
   Fissipedia.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1089

                                    Pinnock

   Pin"nock  (?),  n.  [Of  uncertain  origin.]  (Zo\'94l.) (a) The hedge
   sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The tomtit.

                                  Pinnothere

   Pin"no*there  (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A crab of the genus pinnotheres.
   See Oyster crab, under Oyster.

                                    Pinnula

   Pin"nu*la (?), n.; pl. Pinnul\'91 (#). [L.] Same as Pinnule.

                                   Pinnulate

   Pin"nu*late   (?),   a.   [See  Pinnule.]  (Bot.)  Having  each  pinna
   subdivided; -- said of a leaf, or of its pinn\'91.

                                  Pinnulated

   Pin"nu*la`ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having pinnules.

                                    Pinnule

   Pin"nule (?), n. [L. pinnula, dim. of pinna feather: cf. F. pinnule.]

   1.  (Bot.)  One  of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf.
   See Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts,
   when  arranged  in  rows  so  as to have a plumelike appearance; as, a
   pinnule of a gorgonia; the pinnules of a crinoid.

                                 Pinnywinkles

   Pin"ny*win`kles  (?), n. pl. An instrument of torture, consisting of a
   board  with  holes  into  which the fingers were pressed, and fastened
   with pegs. [Written also pilliewinkles.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

                                    Pinocle

   Pin"o*cle (?), n. See Penuchle.

                                    Pinole

   Pi*nole" (?), n.

   1. An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.

   2. Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water,
   it makes a nutritious beverage.

                                   Pi\'a4on

   Pi\'a4"on  (?),  n.  [Sp.  pi\'a4on.]  (Bot.)  (a)  The edible seed of
   several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus
   Pinea  of  Southern  Europe,  and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and
   monophylla,  the  nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's
   puzzle. [Written also pignon.]

                                   Pinpatch

   Pin"patch`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.) The common English periwinkle. [Prov.
   Eng.]

                                     Pint

   Pint (?), n. [OE. pinte, F. pinte, fr. Sp. pinta spot, mark, pint, fr.
   pintar  to  paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or in a
   larger  measure.  See  Paint.]  A measure of capacity, equal to half a
   quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart.

                                     Pint

   Pint, n. (Zo\'94l.) The laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Pintado

   Pin*ta"do  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pintados  (#). [Sp., painted, fr. pintar to
   paint.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Any bird of the genus Numida. Several species are
   found in Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and
   the  crested  pintados,  are  the  best  known. See Guinea fowl, under
   Guinea.

                                    Pintail

   Pin"tail` (?), n.

   1.   (Zo\'94l.)  A  northern  duck  (Dafila  acuta),  native  of  both
   continents. The adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also gray
   duck,  piketail,  piket-tail,  spike-tail, split-tail, springtail, sea
   pheasant, and gray widgeon.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky
   Mountains  (Pedioc\'91tes  phasianellus);  --  called  also  pintailed
   grouse, pintailed chicken, springtail, and sharptail.

                                  Pin-tailed

   Pin"-tailed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a tapered tail, with the middle
   feathers longest; -- said of birds.

                                    Pintle

   Pin"tle (?), n. [A diminutive of Pin.]

   1. A little pin.

   2. (Mech.) An upright pivot pin; as: (a) The pivot pin of a hinge. (b)
   A  hook  or  pin  on which a rudder hangs and turns. (c) A pivot about
   which  the  chassis  swings,  in  some  kinds  of gun carriages. (d) A
   kingbolt of a wagon.

                                    Pintos

   Pin"tos (?), n. pl.; sing. Pinto (. [Sp., painted, mottled.] (Eyhnol.)
   A  mountain  tribe  of  Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They are
   remarkable  for  having  the dark skin of the face irregularly spotted
   with white. Called also speckled Indians.

                                    Pinule

   Pin"ule  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Pinnule.]  (Astron.)  One of the sights of an
   astrolabe. [Obs.]

                                     Pinus

   Pi"nus  (?),  n.  [L., a pine tree.] (Bot.) A large genus of evergreen
   coniferous  trees,  mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus
   formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is now
   limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the branchlets
   reduced  to  mere  scales,  and  the  secondary  ones  (pine  needles)
   acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See Pine.

                                    Pinweed

   Pin"weed`  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  Any  plant of the genus Lechea, low North
   American  herbs  with  branching  stems,  and  very small and abundant
   leaves and flowers.

                                    Pinworm

   Pin"worm`   (?),   n.   (Zo\'94l.)  A  small  nematoid  worm  (Oxyurus
   vermicularis),  which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is
   most common in children and aged persons.

                                    Pinxit

   Pinx"it  (?). [L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of pingere to paint.] A
   word  appended  to  the  artist's  name  or initials on a painting, or
   engraved copy of a painting; as, Rubens pinxit, Rubens painted (this).

                                    Pinxter

   Pinx"ter (?), n. See Pinkster.

                                     Piny

   Pin"y  (?),  a.  Abounding with pines. [Written also piney.] "The piny
   wood." Longfellow.

                                    Pioned

   Pi"o*ned  (?),  a.  A  Shakespearean  word of disputed meaning; perh.,
   "abounding in marsh marigolds."

     Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. Shak.

                                    Pioneer

   Pi`o*neer"  (?),  n.  [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier,
   fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.]

   1.  (Mil.) A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches,
   and make bridges, as an army advances.

   2.  One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for
   others to follow; as, pioneers of civilization; pioneers of reform.

                                    Pioneer

   Pi`o*neer",  v.  t.  & i. [imp. & p. p. Pioneered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pioneering.]  To  go  before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as
   pioneer.

                                    Pioner

   Pi`o*ner" (?), n. A pioneer. [Obs.] Shak.

                                     Piony

   Pi"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony.

                                     Piot

   Pi"ot (?), n. [See Piet.] (Zo\'94l.) The magpie. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. &
   Scot.] Holland.

                                     Pious

   Pi"ous (?), a. [L. pius: cf. F. pieux.]

   1.  Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful;
   religious;  devout;  godly.  "Pious  hearts."  Milton. "Pious poetry."
   Johnson.

     Where was the martial brother's pious care? Pope.

   2.  Practiced  under  the  pretext  of  religion; prompted by mistaken
   piety;  as,  pious  errors;  pious  frauds.  Syn.  --  Godly;  devout;
   religious; righteous.

                                    Piously

   Pi"ous*ly, adv. In a pious manner.

                                      Pip

   Pip  (?),  n. [OE. pippe, D. pip, or F. p\'82pie; from LL. pipita, fr.
   L.  pituita  slime,  phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. Pituite.] A
   contagious  disease  of  fowls, characterized by hoarseness, discharge
   from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in the mouth,
   forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term pip is restricted to
   this last symptom, the disease being called roup by them.

                                      Pip

   Pip,  n. [Formerly pippin, pepin. Cf. Pippin.] (Bot.) A seed, as of an
   apple or orange.

                                      Pip

   Pip,  n.  [Perh.  for  pick,  F.  pique  a spade at cards, a pike. Cf.
   Pique.]  One  of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards,
   dominoes, etc. Addison.

                                      Pip

   Pip,  v.  i.  [imp. & p. p. Pipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pipping.] [See
   Peep.] To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.

     To hear the chick pip and cry in the egg. Boyle.

                                     Pipa

   Pi*pa  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pipas  (.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  Surinam  toad (Pipa
   Americana), noted for its peculiar breeding habits.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e ma le pl aces the eggs on the back of the female,
     where   they  soon  become  inclosed  in  capsules  formed  by  the
     thickening  of  the skin. The incubation of the eggs takes place in
     the  capsules,  and  the  young, when hatched, come forth with well
     developed legs.

                                    Pipage

   Pip"age  (?),  n.  Transportation,  as of petroleum oil, by means of a
   pipe conduit; also, the charge for such transportation.

                                  Pipal tree

   Pi"pal tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree.

                                     Pipe

   Pipe  (?),  n. [AS. p\'c6pe, probably fr. L. pipare, pipire, to chirp;
   of imitative origin. Cf. Peep, Pibroch, Fife.]

   1. A wind instrument of music, consisting of a tube or tubes of straw,
   reed,  wood,  or  metal; any tube which produces musical sounds; as, a
   shepherd's  pipe;  the  pipe  of  an  organ. "Tunable as sylvan pipe."
   Milton.

     Now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe. Shak.

   2.  Any  long  tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the
   like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc.

   3.  A small bowl with a hollow steam, -- used in smoking tobacco, and,
   sometimes, other substances.

   4.  A  passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe,
   or one of its divisions.

   5. The key or sound of the voice. [R.] Shak.

   6. The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird.

     The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds. Tennyson.

   7. pl. The bagpipe; as, the pipes of Lucknow.

   8. (Mining) An elongated body or vein of ore.

   9. A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called the
   Great  Roll,  on  which  were  taken down the accounts of debts to the
   king; -- so called because put together like a pipe. Mozley & W.

   10.  (Naut.)  A  boatswain's  whistle,  used to call the crew to their
   duties; also, the sound of it.

   11. [Cf. F. pipe, fr. pipe a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. pipare to
   chirp. See Etymol. above.] A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or
   126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it contains.
   Pipe  fitter,  one who fits pipes together, or applies pipes, as to an
   engine  or  a  building.  --  Pipe fitting, a piece, as a coupling, an
   elbow,  a  valve,  etc.,  used  for  connecting  lengths of pipe or as
   accessory to a pipe. -- Pipe office, an ancient office in the Court of
   Exchequer,  in  which  the  clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown
   lands,  accounts  of  cheriffs,  etc.  [Eng.] -- Pipe tree (Bot.), the
   lilac  and  the  mock orange; -- so called because their were formerly
   used  to  make pipe stems; -- called also pipe privet. -- Pipe wrench,
   OR  Pipetongs, a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding
   it.  --  To  smoke  the  pipe of peace, to smoke from the same pipe in
   token of amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, -- a custom
   of the American Indians.

                                     Pipe

   Pipe, v. i.

   1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument of
   music.

     We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced. Matt. xi. 17.

   2. (Naut.) To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe
   or whistle carried by a boatswain.

   3.  To  emit  or  have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle.
   "Oft in the piping shrouds." Wordsworth.

   4. (Metal.) To become hollow in the process of solodifying; -- said of
   an ingot, as of steel.

                                     Pipe

   Pipe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.]

   1.  To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to
   utter in the shrill tone of a pipe.

     A robin . . . was piping a few querulous notes. W. Irving.

   2. (Naut.) To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.

     As fine a ship's company as was ever piped aloft. Marryat.

   3.  To  furnish  or  equip  with  pipes;  as,  to pipe an engine, or a
   building.

                                   Pipe clay

   Pipe"  clay`  (  A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, --
   used  in  making  tobacco  pipes  and various kinds of earthenware, in
   scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.

                                   Pipeclay

   Pipe"clay`, v. t.

   1. To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.

   2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay accounts. [Slang, Eng.]

                                     Piped

   Piped (?), a. Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.

                                   Pipefish

   Pipe"fish`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  lophobranch  fish  of the genus
   Siphostoma,  or  Syngnathus, and allied genera, having a long and very
   slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at
   the  end  of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly,
   in which the incubation of the eggs takes place.

                         Pipelayer, n., or Pipe layer

   Pipe"lay`er (?), n., or Pipe" lay`er.

   1.  One  who  lays  conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas,
   etc.

   2.  (Polit.  Cant) A politician who works in secret; -- in this sense,
   usually written as one word. [U.S.]

                        Pipelaying, n., or Pipe laying

   Pipe"lay`ing, n., or Pipe" lay`ing.

   1. The laying of conducting pipes underground, as for water, gas, etc.

   2. (Polit. Cant) The act or method of making combinations for personal
   advantage  secretly or slyly; -- in this sense, usually written as one
   word. [U.S.]

                                   Pipemouth

   Pipe"mouth`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the genus Fistularia; --
   called also tobacco pipefish. See Fistularia.

                                     Piper

   Pi"per (?), n. [L.] See Pepper.

                                     Piper

   Pip"er (?), n.

   1.  (Mus.)  One  who  plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe.
   "The hereditary piper and his sons." Macaulay.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a
   large  head,  with  prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp,
   opercular  spines. (b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very
   long spines, native of both the American and European coasts.
   To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.

                                  Piperaceous

   Pip`er*a"ceous  (?),  a. [L. piper pepper.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
   the  order of plants (Piperace\'91) of which the pepper (Piper nigrum)
   is  the  type.  There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species,
   mostly tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.

                                    Piperic

   Pi*per"ic   (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Pertaining  to,  or  derived  from,  or
   designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different
   members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline
   substance.

                                   Piperidge

   Pip"er*idge (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pepperidge.

                                  Piperidine

   Pi*per"i*dine  (?), n. (Chem.) An oily liquid alkaloid, C5H11N, having
   a  hot,  peppery,  ammoniacal  odor. It is related to pyridine, and is
   obtained by the decomposition of piperine.

                                   Piperine

   Pip"er*ine  (?),  n.  [L.  piper  pepper:  cf.  F. piperin, piperine.]
   (Chem.)  A  white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid.
   It is obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and other species.

                                   Piperonal

   Pip`er*o"nal (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by
   oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.

                                  Piperylene

   Pi*per"y*lene  (?), n. [Piperidine + acetylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon
   obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives.

                                   Pipestem

   Pipe"stem`  (?), n. The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking
   tobacco, etc.

     Took a long reed for a pipestem. Longfellow.

                                   Pipestone

   Pipe"stone`  (?),  n. A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into
   tobacco pipes. Cf. Catlinite.

                                    Pipette

   Pi*pette"  (?),  n. [F., dim. of pipe.] A small glass tube, often with
   an  enlargement  or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, -- used
   for transferring or delivering measured quantities.

                                   Pipevine

   Pipe"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman.

                                   Pipewort

   Pipe"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic
   or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.

                                    Piping

   Pip"ing (?), a. [From Pipe, v.]

   1. Playing on a musical pipe. "Lowing herds and piping swains." Swift.

   2.  Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe
   rather than of the drum and fife. Shak.

   3. Emitting a high, shrill sound.

   4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from the sound of boiling
   fluids.
   Piping  crow,  Piping  crow  shrike,  Piping  roller  (Zo\'94l.),  any
   Australian  bird  of  the  genus Gymnorhina, esp. G. tibicen, which is
   black  and white, and the size of a small crow. Called also caruck. --
   Piping  frog (Zo\'94l.), a small American tree frog (Hyla Pickeringii)
   which  utters  a  high,  shrill  note  in early spring. -- Piping hot,
   boiling hot; hissing hot; very hot. [Colloq.] Milton.

                                    Piping

   Pip"ing, n.

   1.  A  small  cord covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for women's
   dresses.

   2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping of a house.

   3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.

   4.  A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation
   by cuttings.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1090

                            Pipistrel, Pipistrelle

   Pi*pis"trel   (?),   Pip`i*strelle"   (?),  n.  [F.  pipistrelle,  It.
   pipistrello.]    (Zo\'94l.)    A   small   European   bat   (Vesperugo
   pipistrellus); -- called also flittermouse.

                                     Pipit

   Pip"it  (?),  n.  [So named from its call note.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
   numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Anthus and allied
   genera,  of the family Motacillid\'91. They strongly resemble the true
   larks  in  habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They
   are, therefore, often called titlarks, and pipit larks.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e me adow pipit (Anthus pratensis); the tree pipit,
     or  tree  lark  (A. trivialis); and the rock pipit, or sea lark (A.
     obscurus)  are  well-known  European  species.  The common American
     pipit,  or brown lark, is Anthus Pensilvanicus. The Western species
     (A.  Spraguei)  is  called  the American skylark, on account of its
     musical powers.

                                    Pipkin

   Pip"kin, n.[Dim. of Pipe.] A small earthen boiler.

                                    Pippin

   Pip"pin  (?), n. [Probably fr. OE. pippin a seed, as being raised from
   the seed. See Pip a seed.] (Bot.) (a) An apple from a tree raised from
   the seed and not grafted; a seedling apple. (b) A name given to apples
   of  several  different  kinds,  as Newtown pippin, summer pippin, fall
   pippin, golden pippin.

     We will eat a last year's pippin. Shak.

   Normandy pippins, sun-dried apples for winter use.

                                  Pippul tree

   Pip"pul tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree.

                                     Pipra

   Pi"pra  (?),  n.;  pl. Pipras (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
   numerous  species  of  small  clamatorial birds belonging to Pipra and
   allied  genera,  of  the family Piprid\'91. The male is usually glossy
   black,  varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue. They chiefly inhabit
   South America.

                                    Piprine

   Pi"prine  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the
   family Piprid\'91.

                                  Pipsissewa

   Pip*sis"se*wa  (?),  n. [From American Indian.] (Bot.) A low evergreen
   plant  (Chimaphila  umbellata),  with narrow, wedge-lanceolate leaves,
   and  an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant blossoms. It has been used in
   nephritic diseases. Called also prince's pine.

                                     Pipy

   Pip"y (?), a. Like a pipe; hollow-stemmed. Keats.

                                   Piquancy

   Pi"quan*cy  (?),  n.  [See  Piquant.]  The  quality  or state of being
   piquant.

                                    Piquant

   Pi"quant  (?),  a.  [F., p.pr. of piquer to prick or sting. See Pike.]
   Stimulating  to  the  taste;  giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent; as, a
   piquant  anecdote.  "As  piquant  to  the  tongue  as  salt." Addison.
   "Piquant railleries." Gov. of Tongue.

                                   Piquantly

   Pi"quant*ly, adv. In a piquant manner.

                                   Piqu\'82

   Pi`qu\'82"  (?),  n.  [F.,  p.p. of piquer to prick.] A cotton fabric,
   figured  in the loom, -- used as a dress goods for women and children,
   and for vestings, etc.

                                     Pique

   Pique (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The jigger. See Jigger.

                                     Pique

   Pique (?), n. [F., fr. piquer. See Pike.]

   1.  A  feeling  of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social
   slight  or  injury;  irritation  of  the  feelings, as through wounded
   pride; stinging vexation.

     Men take up piques and displeasures. Dr. H. More.

     Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique. De Quincey.

   2. Keenly felt desire; a longing.

     Though it have the pique, and long, 'Tis still for something in the
     wrong. Hudibras.

   3.  (Card  Playing)  In  piquet,  the right of the elder hand to count
   thirty  in  hand,  or to play before the adversary counts one. Syn. --
   Displeasure;  irritation;  grudge;  spite. Pique, Spite, Grudge. Pique
   denotes  a  quick  and  often  transient  sense of resentment for some
   supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. Spite
   is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire
   to  injure,  as  the  result  of extreme irritation. Grudge goes still
   further,  denoting  cherished  and  secret enmity, with an unforgiving
   spirit.  A pique is usually of recent date; a grudge is that which has
   long subsisted; spite implies a disposition to cross or vex others.

                                     Pique

   Pique,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Piqued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piquing (?).]
   [F. piquer. See Pike.]

   1.  To  wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret;
   to offend; to excite to anger.

     Pique her, and soothe in turn. Byron.

   2.  To  excite  to  action  by  causing  resentment  or  jealousy;  to
   stimulate; to prick; as, to pique ambition, or curiosity. Prior.

   3. To pride or value; -- used reflexively.

     Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill. Locke.

   Syn.  -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting;
   goad; stimulate.

                                     Pique

   Pique, v. i. To cause annoyance or irritation. "Every piques." Tatler.

                                    Piqueer

   Pi*queer" (?), v. i. See Pickeer. [R.]

                                   Piqueerer

   Pi*queer"er (?), n. See Pickeerer. [R.]

                                    Piquet

   Piqu"et (?), n. See Picket. [R.]

                                    Piquet

   Pi*quet" (?), n. [F., prob. fr. pique. See Pique, Pike, and Picket.] A
   game  at  cards played between two persons, with thirty-two cards, all
   the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set aside. [Written
   also picket and picquet.]

                                    Piracy

   Pi"ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Piracies (#). [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. Pirate.]

   1. The act or crime of a pirate.

   2.  (Common Law) Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from
   others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and
   with intent to steal; -- a crime answering to robbery on land. <-- air
   piracy -- to commandeer or hijack an airplane -->

     NOTE: &hand; By statute law several other offenses committed on the
     seas  (as  trading  with  known  pirates,  or engaging in the slave
     trade) have been made piracy.

   3.  "Sometimes  used,  in  a  quasi-figurative  sense, of violation of
   copyright;  but  for  this, infringement is the correct and preferable
   term." Abbott.

                                    Piragua

   Pi*ra"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.

                                     Pirai

   Pi*rai" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Piraya.

                                   Pirameter

   Pi*ram"e*ter  (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A dynamometer for ascertaining the
   power required to draw carriages over roads.

                                   Pirarucu

   Pi`ra*ru"cu  (?), n. [From the native South American name.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Same as Arapaima.

                                    Pirate

   Pi"rate (?), n. [L. pirata, Gr. peril: cf. F. pirate. See Peril.]

   1.  A  robber  on  the  high  seas; one who by open violence takes the
   property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it his
   business  to  cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas;
   also, one who steals in a harbor.

   2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for
   the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas.

   3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an
   author without permission.
   Pirate  perch  (Zo\'94l.),  a  fresh-water  percoid fish of the United
   States  (Aphredoderus  Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled
   with blackish spots.

                                    Pirate

   Pi"rate,  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Pirated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pirating.]
   [Cf.  F. pirater.] To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high
   seas.

                                    Pirate

   Pi"rate,  v.  t.  To  publish,  as  books  or  writings,  without  the
   permission  of  the author.<-- or other copyrighted material; see also
   the  similar  "knock off", to manufacture an object with a brand name,
   without permission of the brand owner, and usually of inferior quality
   -->

     They advertised they would pirate his edition. Pope.

                                    Piratic

   Pi*rat"ic (?), a. Piratical.

                                   Piratical

   Pi*rat"ic*al  (?),  a. [L. piraticus, Gr. piratique.] Of or pertaining
   to  a  pirate;  acquired  by,  or  practicing, piracy; as, a piratical
   undertaking. "Piratical printers." Pope. -- Pi*rat"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                    Piraya

   Pi*ra"ya  (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large voracious
   fresh-water   fish   (Serrasalmo  piraya)  of  South  America,  having
   lancet-shaped teeth.

                                     Pirie

   Pir"ie (?), n. (Naut.) See Pirry.

                                     Pirie

   Pir"ie, n. [See Pear.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also pery, pyrie.]
   [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Piririgua

   Pi`ri*ri"gua  (?),  n.  [From  the  native  name.]  (Zo\'94l.) A South
   American bird (Guira guira) allied to the cuckoos.

                                     Pirl

   Pirl (?), v. t. [Cf. Purl.]

   1. To spin, as a top.

   2. To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines.

                                     Pirn

   Pirn  (?),  n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A quill or reed on which thread or
   yarn  is  wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle;
   also, the reel of a fishing rod. [Scot.]

                                    Pirogue

   Pi*rogue" (?), n. [Originally an American Indian word: cf. F. pirogue,
   Sp.  piroga,  piragua.]  A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat.
   [Written variously periauger, perogue, piragua, periagua, etc.]

                                   Pirouette

   Pir`ou*ette" (?), n. [F.; of uncertain origin.]

   1. A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing.

   2. (Man.) The whirling about of a horse.

                                   Pirouette

   Pir`ou*ette",  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p. p. Pirouetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pirouetting.]  [F. pirouetter.] To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like
   a dancer.

                                 Pirry, Pirrie

   Pir"ry,  Pir"rie (?), n. [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr a
   prosperous  wind,  bylr a blast of wind.] A rough gale of wind. [Obs.]
   Sir T. Elyot.

                                 Pisasphaltum

   Pis`as*phal"tum (?), n. See Pissasphalt.

                                     Pisay

   Pi"say (?), n. (Arch.) See Pis\'82.

                                    Piscary

   Pis"ca*ry  (?), n. [L. piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing, fr.
   piscis  a  fish.]  (Law)  The right or privilege of fishing in another
   man's waters. Blackstone.

                                   Piscation

   Pis*ca"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  piscatio,  fr.  piscari to fish.] Fishing;
   fishery. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                   Piscator

   Pis*ca"tor (?), n. [L.] A fisherman; an angler.

                            Piscatorial, Piscatory

   Pis`ca*to"ri*al   (?),  Pis"ca*to*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  piscatorius,  fr.
   piscator a fisherman, fr. piscari to fish, fr. piscis a fish. See Fish
   the animal.] Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing. Addison.

                                    Pisces

   Pis"ces (?), n. pl. [L. piscis a fish.]

   1.  (Astron.)  (a)  The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked &pisces; in
   almanacs.  (b)  A zodiacal constellation, including the first point of
   Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial point; the Fish.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The
   principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.

                                 Piscicapture

   Pis"ci*cap`ture  (?),  n. Capture of fishes, as by angling. [R.] W. H.
   Russell.

                                 Piscicultural

   Pis`ci*cul"tur*al (?), a. Relating to pisciculture.

                                 Pisciculture

   Pis`ci*cul"ture (?), n. [L. piscis a fish + E. culture.] Fish culture.
   See under Fish.

                                Pisciculturist

   Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist, n. One who breeds fish.

                                   Pisciform

   Pis"ci*form  (?),  a.  [L.  piscis fish + -form.] Having the form of a
   fish; resembling a fish.

                                    Piscina

   Pis*ci"na  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  certain,  fishpond,  fr. piscis a fish.]
   (Arch.)  A  niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin
   for rinsing altar vessels.

                                   Piscinal

   Pis"ci*nal  (?),  a.  [L. piscinalis: cf. F. piscinal.] Belonging to a
   fishpond or a piscina.

                                    Piscine

   Pis"cine  (?), a. [L. piscis a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a
   fish or fishes; as, piscine remains.

                                  Piscivorous

   Pis*civ"o*rous  (?),  a.  [L. piscis a fish + vorare to devour: cf. F.
   piscivore.] (Zo\'94l.) Feeding or subsisting on fish.

                                    Pis\'82

   Pi`s\'82" (?), n. [F. pis\'82, from piser to stamp, pound, L. pisare.]
   (Arch.)  A  species  of  wall  made  of  stiff earth or clay rammed in
   between  molds  which are carried up as the wall rises; -- called also
   pis\'82 work. Gwilt.

                                     Pish

   Pish (?), interj. An exclamation of contempt.

                                     Pish

   Pish (?), v. i. To express contempt. Pope.

                                     Pishu

   Pi"shu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Canada lynx. [Written also peeshoo.]

                                   Pisiform

   Pi"si*form  (?),  a.  [L.  pisum  a  pea  +  -form: cf. F. pisiforme.]
   Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; as, a pisiform iron ore.

                                   Pisiform

   Pi"si*form, n. (Anat.) A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in
   man and many mammals. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.

                                    Pismire

   Pis"mire  (?),  n.  [Piss  +  mire;  so called because it discharges a
   moisture  vulgarly  considered  urine. See Mire an ant.] (Zo\'94l.) An
   ant, or emmet.

                                   Pisolite

   Pi"so*lite  (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pisolithe.] (Min.) A variety of
   calcite,  or  calcium  carbonate,  consisting  of  aggregated globular
   concretions about the size of a pea; -- called also peastone, peagrit.

     NOTE: &hand; O\'94lite is similar in structure, but the concretions
     are as small as the roe of a fish.

                                   Pisolitic

   Pi`so*lit"ic  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pisolithique.]  (Min.)  Composed of,
   containing, or resembling, pisolite.

                                   Pisophalt

   Pis"o*phalt (?), n. [For pissasphalt.] (Min.) Pissasphalt. [Obs.]

                                     Piss

   Piss  (?), v. t. & i. [OE. pissen, F. pisser; akin to It. pisciare, D.
   & G. pissen, Dan. pisse, Icel. pissa.] To discharge urine, to urinate.
   Shak.

                                     Piss

   Piss, n. Urine.

                                   Pissabed

   Piss"a*bed`  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  A  name locally applied to various wild
   plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.

                                  Pissasphalt

   Pis"sas*phalt  (?),  n.  [L.  pissasphaltus, Gr. pissasphalte.] (Min.)
   Earth pitch; a soft, black bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a
   strong  smell.  It  is inflammable, and intermediate between petroleum
   and asphalt. [Written also pisasphaltum, pisasphalt, etc.]

                                     Pist

   Pist (?), n. (man.) See Piste.

                                   Pistachio

   Pis*ta"chio  (?),  n. [It. pistacchio (cf. Sp. pistacho, F. pistache),
   fr.  L.  pistacium,  Gr.  pistah. Cf. Fistinut.] (Bot.) The nut of the
   Pistacia  vera,  a  tree  of  the  order Anacardiace\'91, containing a
   kernel  of  a  pale  greenish  color,  which  has  a  pleasant  taste,
   resembling  that  of  the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable taste
   and odor; -- called also pistachio nut. It is wholesome and nutritive.
   The  tree  grows  in  Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily. [Written also
   pistachia.]

                                   Pistacia

   Pis*ta"ci*a (?), n. [NL. See Pistachio.] (Bot.) The name of a genus of
   trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio, the Mediterranean
   mastic  tree  (Pistacia  Lentiscus),  and the species (P. Terebinthus)
   which yields Chian or Cyprus turpentine.

                                   Pistacite

   Pis"ta*cite (?), n. [Cf. F. pistacite. So called from its green color.
   See Pistachio.] (Min.) Epidote.

                                   Pistareen

   Pis`ta*reen"  (?), n. An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about
   twenty cents.

                                   Pistazite

   Pis"ta*zite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pistacite.

                                     Piste

   Piste  (?),  n. [F., fr. L. pisere, pinsere, pistum, to pound.] (Min.)
   The  track  or  tread  a  horseman makes upon the ground he goes over.
   Johnson.

                                Pistel, Pistil

   Pis"tel (?), Pis"til (?), n. An epistle. [Obs.]

                                    Pistic

   Pis"tic (?), a. [L. pisticus, Gr. Pure; genuine. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

                                    Pistil

   Pis"til (?), n. [L. pistillum, pistillus, a pestle: cf. F. pistil. See
   Pestle.]  (Bot.) The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an
   ovary, containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which
   is  commonly  raised  on  an  elongated  portion  called a style. When
   composed  of  one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several,
   it is compound. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary.

                                 Pistillaceous

   Pis`til*la"ceous  (?),  a. (Bot.) Growing on, or having nature of, the
   pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil. Barton.

                                  Pistillate

   Pis"til*late  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Having a pistil or pistils; -- usually
   said of flowers having pistils but no stamens.

                                 Pistillation

   Pis`til*la"tion  (?),  n. [L. pistillum a pestle.] The act of pounding
   or breaking in a mortar; pestillation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                 Pistillidium

   Pis`til*lid"i*um  (?),  n.;  pl. Pistillida (#). [NL., fr. E. pistil.]
   (Bot.) Same as Archegonium.

                                Pistilliferous

   Pis`til*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Pistil + -ferous: cf. F. pistillif\'8are.]
   (Bot.) Pistillate.

                                  Pistillody

   Pis"til*lo*dy  (?), n. [Pistil + Gr. (Bot.) The metamorphosis of other
   organs into pistils.

                                    Pistol

   Pis"tol  (?), n. [F. pistole, pistolet, It. pistola; prob. from a form
   Pistola,  for  Pistoja, a town in Italy where pistols were first made.
   Cf. Pistole.] The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one
   hand,  --  now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names.
   See  Illust.  of  Revolver.<--  generically,  also  called handgun -->
   Pistol carbine, a firearm with a removable but-piece, and thus capable
   of  being  used  either  as  a  pistol  or  a  carbine. -- Pistol pipe
   (Metal.),  a  pipe  in  which  the  blast  for  a  furnace  is heated,
   resembling  a  pistol  in form. -- Pistol shot. (a) The discharge of a
   pistol. (b) The distance to which a pistol can propel a ball.

                                    Pistol

   Pis"tol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pistoled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pistoling.]
   [Cf.  F.  pistoler.]  To  shoot  with a pistol. "To pistol a poacher."
   Sydney Smith.

                                   Pistolade

   Pis"to*lade` (?), n. [F.] A pistol shot.

                                    Pistole

   Pis*tole"  (?),  n.  [F., probably a name given in jest in France to a
   Spanish  coin.  Cf. Pistol.] The name of certain gold coins of various
   values  formerly  coined  in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was
   equivalent  to  a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and
   Italy  nearly  the  same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about
   $5.40.

                                   Pistoleer

   Pis`to*leer"  (?),  n. [Cf. F. pistolier.] One who uses a pistol. [R.]
   Carlyle.

                                   Pistolet

   Pis"to*let`  (?),  n.  [F., a dim. of pistole.] A small pistol. Donne.
   Beau. & Fl. <-- pistol-whip, to beat with a pistol -->
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   Page 1091

                                    Piston

   Pis"ton  (?),  n.  [F.  piston; cf. It. pistone piston, also pestone a
   large  pestle;  all  fr.  L.  pinsere, pistum, to pound, to stamp. See
   Pestle,  Pistil.] (Mach.) A sliding piece which either is moved by, or
   moves against, fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder
   fitting  within  a  cylindrical  vessel along which it moves, back and
   forth.  It  is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam,
   and  in  pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes.
   Piston  head (Steam Eng.), that part of a piston which is made fast to
   the piston rod. -- Piston rod, a rod by which a piston is moved, or by
   which  it  communicates  motion. -- Piston valve (Steam Eng.), a slide
   valve,  consisting  of  a  piston,  or connected pistons, working in a
   cylindrical  case  which  is provided with ports that are traversed by
   the valve.

                                      Pit

   Pit  (?),  n.  [OE.  pit, put, AS. pytt a pit, hole, L. puteus a well,
   pit.]

   1. A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or artificial;
   a  cavity  in the surface of a body; an indentation; specifically: (a)
   The  shaft  of a coal mine; a coal pit. (b) A large hole in the ground
   from which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone pit; a gravel pit;
   or  in  which  material is made by burning; as, a lime pit; a charcoal
   pit. (c) A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan pit.

     Tumble me into some loathsome pit. Shak.

   2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades.

     Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained. Milton.

     He keepth back his soul from the pit. Job xxxiii. 18.

   3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a
   trap; a snare. Also used figuratively.

     The anointed of the Lord was taken in their pits. Lam. iv. 20.

   4.  A  depression  or hollow in the surface of the human body; as: (a)
   The hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit. (b)
   See  Pit of the stomach (below). (c) The indentation or mark left by a
   pustule, as in smallpox.

   5.  Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below
   the  level  of  the  stage  and behind the orchestra; now, in England,
   commonly  the  part  behind  the  stalls;  in  the  United States, the
   parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theater.

   6.  An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are
   brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats. "As fiercely
   as two gamecocks in the pit." Locke.

   7.  [Cf. D. pit, akin to E. pith.] (Bot.) (a) The endocarp of a drupe,
   and  its  contained  seed or seeds; a stone; as, a peach pit; a cherry
   pit, etc. (b) A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct.
   Cold  pit  (Hort.),  an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or
   boards,  and  covered with glass, but not artificially heated, -- used
   in  winter  for  the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and
   sometimes  in  the spring as a forcing bed. -- Pit coal, coal dug from
   the earth; mineral coal. -- Pit frame, the framework over the shaft of
   a  coal mine. -- Pit head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a
   pit  or  mine.  --  Pit  kiln,  an oven for coking coal. -- Pit martin
   (Zo\'94l.),  the  bank  swallow.  [Prov.  Eng.]  -- Pit of the stomach
   (Anat.), the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of
   the  abdomen  at  the  lower  end  of  the  sternum;  the infrasternal
   depression.  --  Pit saw (Mech.), a saw worked by two men, one of whom
   stands on the log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is
   often in a pit, whence the name. -- Pit viper (Zo\'94l.), any viperine
   snake having a deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and
   copperhead  are  examples. -- Working pit (Min.), a shaft in which the
   ore is hoisted and the workmen carried; -- in distinction from a shaft
   used for the pumps.

                                      Pit

   Pit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitting.]

   1. To place or put into a pit or hole.

     They  lived  like beasts, and were pitted like beasts, tumbled into
     the grave. T. Grander.

   2.  To  mark  with  little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face
   pitted by smallpox.

   3.  To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest;
   as, to pit one dog against another.

                                     Pita

   Pi"ta  (?),  n.  [Sp.]  (Bot.)  (a)  A  fiber  obtained from the Agave
   Americana  and  other  related species, -- used for making cordage and
   paper.  Called  also  pita fiber, and pita thread. (b) The plant which
   yields  the  fiber.  <--  pita,  pita bread. a thin flat bread that is
   formed  in  two layers, to make a pocket into which other foods may be
   placed. -->

                                   Pitahaya

   Pit`a*ha"ya  (?),  n.  [Sp.,  prob.  from  the  native name.] (Bot.) A
   cactaceous shrub (Cereus Pitajaya) of tropical America, which yields a
   delicious fruit.

                                    Pitapat

   Pit"a*pat`  (?),  adv. [An onomatopoetic reduplication of pat a light,
   quick  blow.]  In  a  flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of
   beats. Lowell. "The fox's heart went pitapat." L'Estrange.

                                    Pitapat

   Pit"a*pat`,  n.  A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain.
   "The pitapat of a pretty foot." Dryden.

                                     Pitch

   Pitch (?), n. [OE. pich, AS. pic, L. pix; akin to Gr.

   1.  A thick, black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling
   down  tar.  It  is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating
   rope, canvas, wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them.

     He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith. Ecclus. xiii. 1.

   2. (Geol.) See Pitchstone.
   Amboyna  pitch, the resin of Dammara australis. See Kauri. -- Burgundy
   pitch.  See under Burgundy. -- Canada pitch, the resinous exudation of
   the  hemlock  tree  (Abies  Canadensis);  hemlock gum. -- Jew's pitch,
   bitumen.  --  Mineral  pitch.  See  Bitumen and Asphalt. -- Pitch coal
   (Min.),  bituminous  coal.  --  Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous
   peat,  with  a  waxy  luster. -- Pitch pine (Bot.), any one of several
   species  of  pine,  yielding  pitch,  esp.  the  Pinus rigida of North
   America.

                                     Pitch

   Pitch,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Pitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitching.]
   [See Pitch, n.]

   1. To cover over or smear with pitch. Gen. vi. 14.

   2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure.

     The welkin pitched with sullen could. Addison.

                                     Pitch

   Pitch (?), v. t. [OE. picchen; akin to E. pick, pike.]

   1.  To  throw,  generally  with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to
   hurl; to toss; as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball.

   2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix
   firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to pitch a
   tent; to pitch a camp.

   3.  To  set,  face,  or  pave  with  rubble or undressed stones, as an
   embankment or a roadway. Knight.

   4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune.

   5. To set or fix, as a price or value. [Obs.] Shak.
   Pitched battle, a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces
   have  fixed  positions; -- in distinction from a skirmish. -- To pitch
   into, to attack; to assault; to abuse. [Slang]

                                     Pitch

   Pitch, v. i.

   1.  To  fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp. "Laban
   with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead." Gen. xxxi. 25.

   2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.

     The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch. Mortimer.

   3. To fix one's choise; -- with on or upon.

     Pitch  upon  the best course of life, and custom will render it the
     more easy. Tillotson.

   4.  To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as,
   to  pitch  from  a  precipice;  the vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the
   field pitches toward the east.
   Pitch  and  pay, an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment,
   or payment on delivery of goods. Shak.

                                     Pitch

   Pitch, n.

   1.  A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; as, a good
   pitch in quoits.
   Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling "Heads
   or  tails;"  hence:  To  play  pitch  and  toss with (anything), to be
   careless  or  trust to luck about it. "To play pitch and toss with the
   property  of  the  country."  G.  Eliot.  -- Pitch farthing. See Chuck
   farthing, under 5th Chuck.

   2.  (Cricket)  That  point  of the ground on which the ball pitches or
   lights when bowled.

   3.  A  point  or  peak;  the  extreme  point or degree of elevation or
   depression; hence, a limit or bound.

     Driven  headlong  from  the  pitch  of heaven, down Into this deep.
     Milton.

     Enterprises of great pitch and moment. Shak.

     To lowest pitch of abject fortune. Milton.

     He lived when learning was at its highest pitch. Addison.

     The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends. Sharp.

   4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras.

   5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.

   6.  The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a
   descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a
   steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof.

   7.  (Mus.)  The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by
   the  number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon
   a scale of high and low.

     NOTE: &hand; Mu sical to nes wi th reference to absolute pitch, are
     named after the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference
     to  relative pitch, in a series of tones called the scale, they are
     called  one,  two,  three,  four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is
     also  one  of  a  new  scale an octave higher, as one is eight of a
     scale an octave lower.

   8. (Mining) The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of
   the ore taken out.

   9.  (Mech.) (a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent
   teeth  of gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular
   pitch.  (b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of
   the  thread  of  a  screw,  or of the helical lines of the blades of a
   screw  propeller. (c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of
   rivet holes in boiler plates.
   Concert  pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in
   concerts,  etc. -- Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears
   the  same  relation  to  the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the
   diameter  of  a  circle  bears  to  its circumference; it is sometimes
   described  by  the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing
   the  number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in
   inches;  as,  4  pitch,  8 pitch, etc. -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one
   made of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel. --
   Pitch  line,  OR  Pitch  circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a toothed
   gear  or  rack,  bearing  such  a  relation to a corresponding line in
   another  gear,  with  which  the former works, that the two lines will
   have  a  common  velocity  as  in rolling contact; it usually cuts the
   teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is
   a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on
   which  the pitch of teeth is measured. -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the
   inclination  or slope of the sides expressed by the height in parts of
   the  span;  as, one half pitch; whole pitch; or by the height in parts
   of  the  half  span,  especially  among engineers; or by degrees, as a
   pitch of 30\'f8, of 45\'f8, etc.; or by the rise and run, that is, the
   ratio  of  the height to the half span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten
   run.  Equilateral  pitch  is where the two sloping sides with the span
   form  an  equilateral triangle. -- Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant
   of  the  cutting  iron.  --  Pitch  pipe,  a  wind  instrument used by
   choristers  in  regulating  the  pitch  of  a  tune.  --  Pitch  point
   (Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines of two gears, or of
   a rack and pinion, which work together.
   
                                  Pitch-black
                                       
   Pitch"-black` (?), a. Black as pitch or tar.
   
                                  Pitchblende
                                       
   Pitch"blende`  (?),  n.  [1st  pitch  +  blende.] (Min.) A pitch-black
   mineral  consisting  chiefly  of  the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See
   Uraninite.
   
                                  Pitch-dark
                                       
   Pitch"-dark`, a. Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.
   
                                    Pitcher
                                       
   Pitch"er (?), n. 

   1.   One   who  pitches  anything,  as  hay,  quoits,  a  ball,  etc.;
   specifically  (Baseball),  the  player  who  delivers  the ball to the
   batsman.

   2. A sort of crowbar for digging. [Obs.] Mortimer.

                                    Pitcher

   Pitch"er  (?),  n.  [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar, pehh\'beri;
   prob. of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.]

   1.  A  wide-mouthed,  deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or
   protruding  lip  and  a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or
   handle.

   2. (Bot.) A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of
   certain plants.
   American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia. See Sarracenia. --
   Australian   pitcher   plant,   the  Cephalotus  follicularis,  a  low
   saxifragaceous   herb   having  two  kinds  of  radical  leaves,  some
   oblanceolate   and   entire,  others  transformed  into  little  ovoid
   pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered
   with a lid shaped like a cockleshell. -- California pitcher plant, the
   Darlingtonia California. See Darlingtonia. -- Pitcher plant, any plant
   with  the  whole  or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or
   cuplike organs, especially the species of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes.

                                  Pitcherful

   Pitch"er*ful  (?),  n.; pl. Pitcherfuls (. The quantity a pitcher will
   hold.

                                  Pitch-faced

   Pitch"-faced`  (?),  a.  (Stone Cutting) Having the arris defined by a
   line  beyond  which  the  rock  is cut away, so as to give nearly true
   edges; -- said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.

                                   Pitchfork

   Pitch"fork`  (?), n. A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay,
   sheaves of grain, or the like.

                                   Pitchfork

   Pitch"fork`, v. t. To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.

     He has been pitchforked into the footguards. G. A. Sala.

                                  Pitchiness

   Pitch"i*ness (?), n. [From Pitchy.] Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.

                                   Pitching

   Pitch"ing, n.

   1.  The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, wild pitching
   in baseball.

   2.  The  rough  paving  of  a  street to a grade with blocks of stone.
   Mayhew.

   3.  (Hydraul. Eng.) A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear
   by tides or currents.
   Pitching  piece (Carp.), the horizontal timber supporting the floor of
   a  platform  of  a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the
   sloping parts are supported.

                                   Pitch-ore

   Pitch"-ore` (?), n. (Min.) Pitchblende.

                                  Pitchstone

   Pitch"stone`  (?),  n.  (Geol.)  An igneous rock of semiglassy nature,
   having a luster like pitch.

                                   Pitchwork

   Pitch"work` (?), n. The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of
   his product.

                                    Pitchy

   Pitch"y (?), a. [From 1st Pitch.]

   1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.

   2. Smeared with pitch.

   3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal. "Pitchy night." Shak.

                                    Piteous

   Pit"e*ous (?), a. [OE. pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux. See Pity.]

   1. Pious; devout. [Obs.]

     The Lord can deliver piteous men from temptation. Wyclif.

   2.  Evincing  pity,  compassion,  or  sympathy; compassionate; tender.
   "[She] piteous of his case." Pope.

     She was so charitable and so pitous. Chaucer.

   3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable;
   sad; as, a piteous case. Spenser.

     The most piteous tale of Lear. Shak.

   4. Paltry; mean; pitiful. "Piteous amends." Milton. Syn. -- Sorrowful;
   mournful;   affecting;   doleful;   woeful;   rueful;  sad;  wretched;
   miserable;  pitiable; pitiful; compassionate. -- Pit"e*ous*ly, adv. --
   Pit"e*ous*ness, n.

                                    Pitfall

   Pit"fall`  (?),  n. A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or
   men; a trap of any kind. Sir T. North.

                                  Pitfalling

   Pit"fall`ing,   a.   Entrapping;  insnaring.  [R.]  "Full  of  .  .  .
   contradiction and pitfalling dispenses." Milton.

                                     Pith

   Pith (?), n. [AS. pi; akin to D. pit pith, kernel, LG. peddik. Cf. Pit
   a kernel.]

   1. (Bot.) The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many
   plants  and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous
   classes. It consists of cellular tissue.

   2.  (a)  (Zo\'94l.)  The  spongy  interior substance of a feather. (b)
   (Anat.) The spinal cord; the marrow.

   3.  Hence:  The  which  contains  the  strength  of life; the vital or
   essential  part;  concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as,
   the speech lacked pith.

     Enterprises of great pith and moment. Shak.

   Pith paper. Same as Rice paper, under Rice.

                                     Pith

   Pith,  v.  t.  (Physiol.) To destroy the central nervous system of (an
   animal,  as  a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down
   the vertebral canal.

                                    Pitheci

   Pi*the"ci  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of mammals
   including  the  apes  and  monkeys.  Sometimes  used  in  the sense of
   Primates.

                                   Pithecoid

   Pith"e*coid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)

   1.  Of or pertaining to the genus Pithecia, or subfamily Pithecin\'91,
   which  includes  the  saki,  ouakari,  and other allied South American
   monkeys.

   2.  Of  or  pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the
   higher apes of the Old World, collectively.

                                    Pithful

   Pith"ful (?), a. Full of pith. [R.] W. Browne.

                                    Pithily

   Pith"i*ly (?), adv. In a pithy manner.

                                   Pithiness

   Pith"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being pithy.

                                   Pithless

   Pith"less,  a.  Destitute  of  pith,  or  of strength; feeble. Dryden.
   "Pithless argumentation." Glandstone.

                                   Pit-hole

   Pit"-hole` (?), n. A pit; a pockmark.

                                   Pithsome

   Pith"some  (?), a. Pithy; robust. [R.] "Pithsome health and vigor." R.
   D. Blackmore.

                                     Pithy

   Pith"y (?), a. [Compar. Pithier (?); superl. Pithiest.]

   1.  Consisting  wholly,  or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; as, a
   pithy stem; a pithy fruit.

   2. Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent.

     This pithy speech prevailed, and all agreed. Dryden.

     In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but pithy. Addison.

   Pithy  gall  (Zo\'94l.), a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed
   on blackberry canes by a small gallfly (Diastrophus nebulosus).
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   Page 1092

                                   Pitiable

   Pit"i*a*ble  (?), a. [Cf. OF. pitiable, F. pitoyable.] Deserving pity;
   wworthy  of,  or exciting, compassion; miserable; lamentable; piteous;
   as,  pitiable  persons;  a  pitiable condition; pitiable wretchedness.
   Syn.  --  Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See Piteous. -- Pit"i*a*ble*ness, n.
   -- Pit"i*a*bly, adv.

                                    Pitier

   Pit"i*er (?), n. One who pities. Gauden.

                                    Pitiful

   Pit"i*ful (?), a.

   1.  Full  of  pity;  tender-hearted;  compassionate;  kind;  merciful;
   sympathetic.

     The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. James v. 11.

   2. Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion.

     A thing, indeed, very pitiful and horrible. Spenser.

   3.  To  be  pitied  for  littleness  or  meanness;  miserable; paltry;
   contemptible; despicable.

     That's  villainous,  and  shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool
     that uses it. Shak.

   Syn.  --  Despicable; mean; paltry. See Contemptible. -- Pit"i*ful*ly,
   adv. -- Pit"i*ful*ness, n.

                                   Pitiless

   Pit"i*less, a.

   1.  Destitute  of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a pitilessmaster;
   pitiless elements.

   2.  Exciting no pity; as, a pitiless condition. -- Pit"i*less*ly, adv.
   -- Pit"i*less*ness, n.

                                    Pitman

   Pit"man (?), n.; pl. Pitmen (.

   1. One who works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.

   2.  (Mach.)  The  connecting  rod  in  a  sawmill;  also, sometimes, a
   connecting rod in other machinery.

                                 Pitot's tube

   Pi*tot's"  tube`  (?).  (Hydraul.)  A  bent tube used to determine the
   velocity  of running water, by placing the curved end under water, and
   observing  the  height to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of
   current meter.

                                    Pitpan

   Pit"pan`  (?), n. A long, flat-bottomed canoe, used for the navigation
   of rivers and lagoons in Central America. Squier.

                                    Pitpat

   Pit"pat` (?), n. & adv. See Pitapat.

                                     Pitta

   Pit"ta  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a large group of bright-colored
   clamatorial  birds belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family
   Pittid\'91.  Most of the species are varied with three or more colors,
   such  as  blue,  green,  crimson,  yellow, purple, and black. They are
   called  also ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are
   not related to the true thrushes.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e pi ttas are most abundant in the East Indies, but
     some inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly
     upon the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.

                                   Pittacal

   Pit"ta*cal  (?),  n.  [Gr.  pittacale.]  (Chem.) A dark blue substance
   obtained  from  wood  tar.  It  consists  of  hydrocarbons  which when
   oxidized  form  the  orange-yellow  eupittonic compounds, the salts of
   which are dark blue.

                                   Pittance

   Pit"tance  (?),  n.  [OE.  pitance,  pitaunce,  F.  pitance;  cf.  It.
   pietanza,  LL.  pitancia,  pittantia,  pictantia;  perh. fr. L. pietas
   pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E. petty. Cf. Petty, and Pity.]

   1.  An  allowance  of  food  bestowed  in charity; a mess of victuals;
   hence, a small charity gift; a dole. "A good pitaunce." Chaucer.

     One  half  only  of  this  pittance  was  ever  given him in money.
     Macaulay.

   2.  A  meager portion, quality, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary
   or  compensation.  "The  small  pittance  of  learning they received."
   Swift.

     The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors. Fuller.

                                    Pitted

   Pit"ted (?), a.

   1. Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2.

   2.  (Bot.)  Having minute thin spots; as, pitted ducts in the vascular
   parts of vegetable tissue.

                                    Pitter

   Pit"ter  (?),  n.  A  contrivance  for removing the pits from peaches,
   plums, and other stone fruit.

                                    Pitter

   Pit"ter,  v.  i.  To  make a pattering sound; to murmur; as, pittering
   streams. [Obs.] R. Greene.

                                 Pittle-pattle

   Pit"tle-pat`tle (?), v. i. To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle.
   [R.] Latimer.

                                   Pituitary

   Pi*tu"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. pituita phlegm, pituite: cf. F. pituitarie.]
   (Anat.)  (a) Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary membrane, or
   the  mucous  membrane  which  lines  the  nasal  cavities.  (b)  Of or
   pertaining  to  the pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa. Pituitary
   body  OR gland (Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown function, situated
   in  the  pituitary  fossa,  and connected with the infundibulum of the
   brain;  the hypophysis. -- Pituitary fossa (Anat.), the ephippium. <--
   glandula  pituitaria,  basilaris.  Suspended  from  the  base  of  the
   hypothalamus.  secretes  pituitary  hormones:  oxytocin,  antidiuretic
   hormone;   somatotropins,   prolactin,  thyroid  stimulating  hormone,
   gonadotropins,  adrenal  corticotropin  and  other  peptide  hormones.
   Called the "master gland" -->

                                    Pituite

   Pit"u*ite  (?),  n.  [L. pituita: cf. F. pituite. Cf. Pip a disease of
   fowls.] Mucus, phlegm.

                                   Pituitous

   Pi*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L. pituitosus: cf. F. pituiteux.] Consisting of,
   or  resembling,  pituite  or  mucus; full of mucus; discharging mucus.
   Pituitous fever (Med.), typhoid fever; enteric fever.

                                     Pity

   Pit"y  (?),  n.;  pl. Pities (#). [OE. pite, OF. pit\'82, piti\'82, F.
   piti\'82, L. pietas piety, kindness, pity. See Pious, and cf. Piety.]

   1. Piety. [Obs.] Wyclif.

   2.  A  feeling  for the sufferings or distresses of another or others;
   sympathy   with   the   grief   or   misery  of  another;  compassion;
   fellow-feeling; commiseration.

     He  that  hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord. Prov. xix.
     17.

     He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog. Shak.

   3.  A  reason  or  cause  of  pity,  grief,  or  regret; a thing to be
   regretted. "The more the pity." Shak.

     What  pity  is  it  That  we can die but once to serve our country!
     Addison.

     NOTE: &hand; In   th  is se nse, so metimes us ed in  th e pl ural,
     especially in the colloquialism: "It is a thousand pities."

   Syn.   --  Compassion;  mercy;  commiseration;  condolence;  sympathy,
   fellow-suffering;   fellow-feeling.  --  Pity,  Sympathy,  Compassion.
   Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requiers a certain
   degree  of  equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest
   exercise.  Compassion  is  deep tenderness for another under severe or
   inevitable  misfortune. Pity regards its object not only as suffering,
   but weak, and hence as inferior.

                                     Pity

   Pit"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitying.]

   1.  To  feel  pity  or  compassion  for;  to  have  sympathy  with; to
   compassionate;  to  commiserate;  to  have tender feelings toward (any
   one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.

     Like  as  a  father  pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them
     that fear him. Ps. ciii. 13.

   2. To move to pity; -- used impersonally. [Obs.]

     It pitieth them to see her in the dust. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

                                     Pity

   Pit"y, v. i. To be compassionate; to show pity.

     I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy. Jer. xiii. 14.

                                    Pitying

   Pit"y*ing,  a. Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word. --
   Pit"y*ing*ly, adv.

                                  Pityriasis

   Pit`y*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A superficial affection of
   the  skin, characterized by irregular patches of thin scales which are
   shed  in  branlike  particles.  Pityriasis  versicolor [NL.] (Med.), a
   parasitic  disease  of  the  skin, characterized by the development of
   reddish or brownish patches.

                                   Pityroid

   Pit"y*roid  (?),  a.  [Gr.  -oid.]  Having the form of, or resembling,
   bran. Smart.

                                    Pi\'97

   Pi"\'97  (?), adv. [It., fr. L. plus. See Plus.] (Mus.) A little more;
   as, pi\'97 allegro, a little more briskly.

                                     Pivot

   Piv"ot (?), n. [F.; prob. akin to It. piva pipe, F. pipe. See Pipe.]

   1.  A  fixed  pin  or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other
   body turns.

   2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as,
   the pivot of an arbor in a watch.

   3.  Hence,  figuratively:  A turning point or condition; that on which
   important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise.

   4.  (Mil.)  The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike
   the company or line moves around him in wheeling; -- called also pivot
   man.
   Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the pivot
   span, turns about a central vertical axis. -- Pivot gun, a gun mounted
   on  a  pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction. --
   Pivot tooth (Dentistry), an artificial crown attached to the root of a
   natural tooth by a pin or peg.

                                     Pivot

   Piv"ot,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Pivoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pivoting.] To
   place on a pivot. Clarke.

                                    Pivotal

   Piv"ot*al  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a pivot or turning point;
   belonging  to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as,
   the pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal position in a battle.

                                      Pix

   Pix (?), n. & v. See Pyx.

                                  Pixy, Pixie

   Pix"y, Pix"ie (?), n.; pl. Pixies (#). [For Pucksy, from Puck.]

   1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.]

   2.  (Bot.)  A  low  creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata),
   with  mosslike  leaves  and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey
   and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring.
   Pixy  ring, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool (Bot.),
   a toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.]

                                   Pixy-led

   Pix"y-led` (?), a. Led by pixies; bewildered.

                                   Pizzicato

   Piz`zi*ca"to  (?). [It., pinched.] (Mus.) A direction to violinists to
   pluck  the  string  with the finger, instead of using the bow. (Abrev.
   pizz.)

                                    Pizzle

   Piz"zle (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G. pissel, pesel, peisel, peserich, D. pees
   a  tendon  or spring.] The penis; -- so called in some animals, as the
   bull. Shak.

                                  Placability

   Pla`ca*bil"i*ty  (?), n. [L. placabilitas: cf. F. placabilit\'82.] The
   quality   or   state   of   being  placable  or  appeasable;  placable
   disposition.

                                   Placable

   Pla"ca*ble  (?),  a. [L. placabilis, fr. placare to quiet, pacify: cf.
   F.  placable.  See  Placate.]  Capable  of being appeased or pacified;
   ready or willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone.

     Methought I saw him placable and mild. Milton.

                                 Placableness

   Pla"ca*ble*ness, n. The quality of being placable.

                                    Placard

   Pla*card"  (?),  n.  [F., fr. plaquer to lay or clap on, plaque plate,
   tablet;  probably from Dutch, cf. D. plakken to paste, post up, plak a
   flat piece of wood.]

   1.  A  public  proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority.
   [Obs.]

     All placards or edicts are published in his name. Howell.

   2.  Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to
   do something. [Obs.] ller.

   3.  A  written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration,
   posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster.

   4. (Anc. Armor) An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or
   backplate. Planch\'82.

   5. [Cf. Placket.] A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn
   in the fifteenth century and later.

                                    Placard

   Pla*card", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Placarding.]

   1.  To post placards upon or within; as, to placard a wall, to placard
   the city.

   2. To announce by placards; as, to placard a sale.

                                    Placate

   Plac"ate (?), n. Same as Placard, 4 & 5.

                                    Placate

   Pla"cate  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Placated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Placating.]  [L. placatus, p.p. of placare to placate, akin to placere
   to   please.  See  Please.]  To  appease;  to  pacify;  to  concilate.
   "Therefore is he always propitiated and placated." Cudworth.

                                   Placation

   Pla*ca"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  placatio.]  The  act  of  placating.  [R.]
   Puttenham (1589).

                                     Place

   Place  (?), n. [F., fr. L. platea a street, an area, a courtyard, from
   Gr.  platei^a a street, properly fem. of platy`s, flat, broad; akin to
   Skr. p&rsdot;thu, Lith. platus. Cf. Flawn, Piazza, Plate, Plaza.]

   1.  Any portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all
   other space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position;
   ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space.

     Here is the place appointed. Shak.

     What place can be for us Within heaven's bound? Milton.

     The  word place has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for
     that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a place.
     Locke.

   2.  A  broad  way  in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short
   part  of  a  street  open only at one end. "Hangman boys in the market
   place." Shak.

   3.  A  position  which  is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a
   village,  town,  or  city;  a  fortified town or post; a stronghold; a
   region or country.

     Are you native of this place? Shak.

   4.  Rank;  degree;  grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or
   importance;  especially,  social  rank  or  position; condition; also,
   official  station;  occupation;  calling.  "The  enervating  magic  of
   place." Hawthorne.

     Men in great place are thrice servants. Bacon.

     I know my place as I would they should do theirs. Shak.

   5.  Vacated  or  relinquished  space;  room;  stead  (the departure or
   removal  of  another  being or thing being implied). "In place of Lord
   Bassanio." Shak.

   6. A definite position or passage of a document.

     The place of the scripture which he read was this. Acts viii. 32.

   7.  Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; as, he said
   in the first place.

   8. Reception; effect; -- implying the making room for.

     My word hath no place in you. John viii. 37.

   9.  (Astron.)  Position  in  the  heavens,  as  of a heavenly body; --
   usually  defined  by  its  right  ascension and declination, or by its
   latitude and longitude.
   Place  of arms (Mil.), a place calculated for the rendezvous of men in
   arms,  etc.,  as  a  fort  which affords a safe retreat for hospitals,
   magazines,  etc.  Wilhelm.  --  High place (Script.), a mount on which
   sacrifices  were  offered. "Him that offereth in the high place." Jer.
   xlviii.  35. -- In place, in proper position; timely. -- Out of place,
   inappropriate;  ill-timed; as, his remarks were out of place. -- Place
   kick  (Football), the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed
   on  the ground. -- Place name, the name of a place or locality. London
   Academy.  --  To  give  place, to make room; to yield; to give way; to
   give  advantage.  "Neither give place to the devil." Eph. iv. 27. "Let
   all  the  rest give place." Shak. -- To have place, to have a station,
   room,  or seat; as, such desires can have no place in a good heart. --
   To  take  place.  (a) To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony will
   not  take  place.  (b) To take precedence or priority. Addison. (c) To
   take  effect;  to  prevail.  "If your doctrine takes place." Berkeley.
   "But  none of these excuses would take place." Spenser. -- To take the
   place  of,  to  be  substituted  for.  Syn. -- Situation; seat; abode;
   position;  locality; location; site; spot; office; employment; charge;
   function; trust; ground; room; stead.
   
                                     Place
                                       
   Place  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Placed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Placing
   (?).] [Cf. F. placer. See Place, n.]
   
   1. To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a
   certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to
   settle;  to  locate; as, to place a book on a shelf; to place balls in
   tennis.
   
     Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. Shak.
     
   2.  To  put  or  set  in  a  particular  rank, office, or position; to
   surround  with  particular  circumstances  or  relations  in  life; to
   appoint  to  certain  station  or  condition  of life; as, in whatever
   sphere one is placed.
   
     Place such over them to be rulers. Ex. xviii. 21.

   3. To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; as, to place money in a
   bank.

   4. To set; to fix; to repose; as, to place confidence in a friend. "My
   resolution 's placed." Shak.

   5. To attribute; to ascribe; to set down.

     Place it for her chief virtue. Shak.

   To place (a person), to identify him. [Colloq. U.S.] Syn. -- See Put.

                                    Placebo

   Pla*ce"bo (?), n. [L., I shall please, fut. of placere to please.]

   1. (R. C. Ch.) The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead.

   2. (Med.) A prescription intended to humor or satisfy.
   To  sing  placebo, to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant
   to. Chaucer. <-- placebo effect -->

                                   Placeful

   Place"ful (?), a. In the appointed place. [Obs.]

                                   Placeless

   Place"less, a. Having no place or office.

                                   Placeman

   Place"man  (?), n.; pl. Placemen (. One who holds or occupies a place;
   one who has office under government. Sir W. Scott.

                                   Placement

   Place"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. placement.]

   1. The act of placing, or the state of being placed.

   2. Position; place.

                                   Placenta

   Pla*cen"ta  (?),  n.; pl. L. Placent\'91 (#), E. Placentas (#). [L., a
   cake, Gr.

   1.  (Anat.)  The  vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the
   parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.

     NOTE: &hand; In  most mammals the placenta is principally developed
     from  the allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its
     surface  penetrate  the  blood  vessels of the parental uterus, and
     thus  establish  a  nutritive  and excretory connection between the
     blood  of the fetus and that of the parent, though the blood itself
     does not flow from one to the other.

   2.  (Bot.)  The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds
   are attached.

                                   Placental

   Pla*cen"tal (?), a.

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  placenta; having, or characterized by
   having, a placenta; as, a placental mammal.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.

                                   Placental

   Pla*cen"tal, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Placentalia.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1093

                                  Placentalia

   Plac`en*ta"li*a  (?),  n.  pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Mammalia
   including  those  that  have  a  placenta, or all the orders above the
   marsupials.

                                  Placentary

   Pla*cen"ta*ry  (?),  a.  Having  reference  to  the  placenta; as, the
   placentary system of classification.

                                 Placentation

   Plac`en*ta"tion (?), n.

   1. (Anat.) The mode of formation of the placenta in different animals;
   as, the placentation of mammals.

   2.  (Bot.) The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; as,
   axile placentation; parietal placentation.

                                Placentiferous

   Plac`en*tif"er*ous  (?),  a.  [Placenta  + -ferous.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)
   Having or producing a placenta.

                                 Placentiform

   Pla*cen"ti*form (?), a. [Placenta + -form.] (Bot.) Having the shape of
   a  placenta,  or  circular  thickened  disk somewhat thinner about the
   middle.

                                  Placentious

   Pla*cen"tious  (?),  a.  [See  Please.]  Pleasing;  amiable. [Obs.] "A
   placentious person." Fuller.

                                  Place-proud

   Place"-proud` (?), a. Proud of rank or office. Beau. & Fl.

                                    Placer

   Pla"cer (?), n. One who places or sets. Spenser.

                                    Placer

   Plac"er  (?), n. [Sp.] A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing
   valuable  mineral  in particles, especially by the side of a river, or
   in the bed of a mountain torrent. [U.S.]

                                    Placet

   Pla"cet (?), n. [L. placet it pleases.]

   1.  A  vote of assent, as of the governing body of a university, of an
   ecclesiastical council, etc.

   2.   The  assent  of  the  civil  power  to  the  promulgation  of  an
   ecclesiastical ordinance. Shipley.

     The king . . . annulled the royal placet. J. P. Peters.

                                    Placid

   Plac"id (?), a. [L. placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from placere
   to please: cf. F. placide. See Please.] Pleased; contented; unruffied;
   undisturbed;  serene;  peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle. "That placid
   aspect  and  meek regard." Milton. "Sleeping . . . the placid sleep of
   infancy." Macaulay.

                                   Placidity

   Pla*cid"i*ty (?), n. [L. placiditas: cf. F. placidit\'82.] The quality
   or state of being placid; calmness; serenity. Hawthorne.

                                   Placidly

   Plac"id*ly (?), adv. In a placid manner.

                                  Placidness

   Plac"id*ness, n. The quality or state of being placid.

                                    Placit

   Plac"it  (?), n. [L. placitum. See Plea.] A decree or determination; a
   dictum.  [Obs.]  "The  placits  and  opinions  of other philosophers."
   Evelyn.

                                   Placitory

   Plac"i*to*ry  (?),  a.  [See  Placit.]  Of  or  pertaining to pleas or
   pleading, in courts of law. [Obs.] Clayton.

                                   Placitum

   Plac"i*tum (?), n.; pl. Placita (#). [LL. See Placit.]

   1.  A  public  court  or  assembly  in the Middle Ages, over which the
   sovereign  president  when  a  consultation  was  held upon affairs of
   state. Brande & C.

   2. (Old Eng. Law) A court, or cause in court.

   3. (Law) A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit. Burrill.

                                     Plack

   Plack (?), n. [F. plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.] A small copper
   coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less than a cent.

     With not a plack in the pocket of the poet. Prof. Wilson.

                                    Placket

   Plack"et (?), n. [F. plaquer to lay or clap on. See Placard.]

   1.  A  petticoat,  esp.  an  under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a
   woman. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

   2. The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in
   putting it on; -- called also placket hole.

   3. A woman's pocket.

                                   Placoderm

   Plac"o*derm (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) One of the Placodermi.

                                  Placodermal

   Plac`o*der"mal  (?),  a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the placoderms;
   like the placoderms.

                                 Placodermata

   Plac`o*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Placodermi.

                                  Placodermi

   Plac`o*der"mi  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct group of
   fishes,  supposed  to  be ganoids. The body and head were covered with
   large bony plates. See Illust. under Pterichthys, and Coccosteus.

                                  Placoganoid

   Plac`o*ga"noid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.

                                 Placoganoidei

   Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See Ganoidei.]
   (Zo\'94l.) A division of ganoid fishes including those that have large
   external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.

                                    Placoid

   Plac"oid  (?),  a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Platelike; having irregular,
   platelike,  bony  scales,  often  bearing  spines;  pertaining  to the
   placoids.

                                    Placoid

   Plac"oid,  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  Any fish having placoid scales, as the
   sharks. (b) One of the Placoides.

                                   Placoides

   Pla*coi"des  (?),  n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of fishes including
   the sharks and rays; the Elasmobranchii; -- called also Placoidei.

                                  Placoidian

   Pla*coid"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the placoids.

                                  Placophora

   Pla*coph"o*ra  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   gastropod  Mollusca,  including  the  chitons.  The back is covered by
   eight  shelly  plates.  Called  also Polyplacophora. See Illust. under
   Chiton, and Isopleura.

                                     Plaga

   Pla"ga  (?),  n.;  pl.  Plag\'91  (#).  [L. pl\'bega a blow, a welt, a
   stripe.] (Zo\'94l.) A stripe of color.

                                    Plagal

   Pla"gal  (?),  a. [F., from Gr. (Mus.) Having a scale running from the
   dominant  to its octave; -- said of certain old church modes or tunes,
   as  opposed to those called authentic, which ran from the tonic to its
   octave.  Plagal  cadence,  a  cadence  in which the final chord on the
   tonic is preceded by the chord on the subdominant.

                                    Plagate

   Pla"gate  (?),  a. (Zo\'94l.) Having plag\'91, or irregular enlongated
   color spots.

                                     Plage

   Plage  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  L.  plaga.] A region; country. [Obs.] "The
   plages of the north." Chaucer.

                                  Plagiarism

   Pla"gia*rism (?), n. [Cf. F. plagiarisme.]

   1. The act or practice of plagiarizing.

   2. That which plagiarized.

                                  Plagiarist

   Pla"gia*rist  (?),  n.  One  who  plagiarizes;  or purloins the words,
   writings,  or  ideas  of  another,  and  passes them off as his own; a
   literary thief; a plagiary.

                                  Plagiarize

   Pla"gia*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagiarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Plagiarizing.]  To  steal  or purloin from the writings of another; to
   appropriate  without  due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of
   another).

                                   Plagiary

   Pla"gia*ry, v. i. To commit plagiarism.

                                   Plagiary

   Pla"gia*ry  (?),  n.; pl. Plagiaries (#). [L. plagiarius a kidnaper, a
   literary  thief, fr. plagium kidnaping; cf. plaga a net, perh. akin to
   E. plait: cf. F. plagiaire.]

   1. A manstealer; a kidnaper. [Obs.]

   2. One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as
   his own; a plagiarist. Dryden.

   3. Plagiarism; literary thief. Milton.

                                   Plagiary

   Pla"gia*ry, a.

   1. Kidnaping. [Obs.] E. Browne.

   2. Practicing plagiarism. Bp. Hall.

                                  Plagihedral

   Pla`gi*he"dral  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Crystallog.) Having an oblique spiral
   arrangement of planes, as levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.

                                Plagiocephalic

   Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Anat.) Having an oblique lateral
   deformity of the skull.

                                 Plagiocephaly

   Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly  (?),  n.  (Anat.) Oblique lateral deformity of the
   skull.

                                  Plagioclase

   Pla"gi*o*clase  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Min.)  A  general  term  used  of any
   triclinic feldspar. See the Note under Feldspar.

                                  Plagionite

   Pla"gi*o*nite  (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A sulphide of lead and antimony, of
   a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster.

                                Plagiostomatous

   Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Plagiostomous.

                                  Plagiostome

   Pla"gi*o*stome (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Plagiostomi.

                                  Plagiostomi

   Pla`gi*os"to*mi  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   fishes including the sharks and rays; -- called also Plagiostomata.

                                 Plagiostomous

   Pla`gi*os"to*mous   (?),   a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the
   Plagiostomi.

                                 Plagiotremata

   Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta  (?),  n.  pl.;  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Lepidosauria.

                                 Plagiotropic

   Pla`gi*o*trop"ic  (?),  a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the longer axis inclined
   away from the vertical line.

                                    Plagium

   Pla"gi*um (?), n. [L.] (Civil Law) Manstealing; kidnaping.

                                    Plagose

   Pla*gose"  (?),  a. [L. plagosus. See Plague.] Fond of flogging; as, a
   plagose master. [R.]

                                    Plague

   Plague  (?), n. [L. plaga a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. plangere
   to strike, beat. Cf. Plaint.]

   1.  That  which  smites,  wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any
   afflictive evil or torment; a great trail or vexation. Shak.

     And men blasphemed God for the plague of hail. Wyclif.

     The different plague of each calamity. Shak.

   2.  (Med.) An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in
   Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of
   Europe  with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great
   London plague. "A plague upon the people fell." Tennyson.
   Cattle  plague. See Rinderpest. -- Plague mark, Plague spot, a spot or
   mark of the plague; hence, a token of something incurable.

                                    Plague

   Plague, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plaguing.]

   1. To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any
   kind.

     Thus were they plagued And worn with famine. Milton.

   2. Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass.

     She will plague the man that loves her most. Spenser.

   Syn.  --  To  vex;  torment;  distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease;
   tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.

                                   Plagueful

   Plague"ful   (?),   a.   Abounding,   or   infecting,   with  plagues;
   pestilential; as, plagueful exhalations.

                                  Plagueless

   Plague"less, a. Free from plagues or the plague.

                                    Plaguer

   Pla"guer (?), n. One who plagues or annoys.

                                   Plaguily

   Pla"gui*ly  (?),  adv.  In  a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely.
   [Colloq.] "Ronsard is so plaguily stiff and stately." Landor.

                                    Plaguy

   Pla"guy  (?),  a.  Vexatious;  troublesome;  tormenting;  as, a plaguy
   horse.  [Colloq.]  Also used adverbially; as, "He is so plaguy proud."
   Shak.

                                    Plaice

   Plaice  (?),  n.  [F.  plaise,  plais,  prob. fr. L. platessa flatish,
   plaice.  See Place.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European food fish (Pleuronectes
   platessa),  allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight
   or  ten  pounds  or  more. (b) A large American flounder (Paralichthys
   dentatus;  called  also  brail,  puckermouth, and summer flounder. The
   name  is  sometimes  applied  to  other  allied species. [Written also
   plaise.]  Plaice  mouth, a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry
   mouth. [R.] B. Jonson.

                                     Plaid

   Plaid  (?), n. [Gael. plaide a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. peallaid a
   sheepskin, fr. peall a skin or hide. CF. Pillion.]

   1.  A  rectangular  garment  or  piece  of  cloth, usually made of the
   checkered material called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray
   with black stripes. It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.

   2.  Goods  of  any  quality  or  material of the pattern of a plaid or
   tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.

                                     Plaid

   Plaid,  a.  Having  a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid;
   checkered  or  marked  with  bars  or  stripes  at right angles to one
   another; as, plaid muslin.

                                    Plaided

   Plaid"ed, a.

   1.  Of  the  material  of  which  plaids are made; tartan. "In plaided
   vest." Wordsworth.

   2. Wearing a plaid. Campbell.

                                   Plaiding

   Plaid"ing (?), n. Plaid cloth.

                                     Plain

   Plain (?), v. i. [OE. playne, pleyne, fr. F. plaindre. See Plaint.] To
   lament; to bewail; to complain. [Archaic & Poetic] Milton.

     We with piteous heart unto you pleyne. Chaucer.

                                     Plain

   Plain, v. t. To lament; to mourn over; as, to plain a loss. [Archaic &
   Poetic] Sir J. Harrington.

                                     Plain

   Plain,  a.  [Compar. Plainer (?); superl. Plainest.] [F., level, flat,
   fr. L. planus, perhaps akin to E. floor. Cf. Llano, Piano, Plan, Plane
   level, a level surface.]

   1.  Without  elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. See
   Plane.

     The  crooked  shall  be  made straight, and the rough places plain.
     Isa. xl. 4.

   2. Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.

     Our troops beat an army in plain fight. Felton.

   3.  Not  intricate  or  difficult;  evident; manifest; obvious; clear;
   unmistakable. "'T is a plain case." Shak.

   4.  (a)  Void  of  extraneous  beauty or ornament; without conspicious
   embellishment;   not   rich;   simple.   (b)  Not  highly  cultivated;
   unsophisticated;  free  from  show  or  pretension;  simple;  natural;
   homely;  common.  "Plain  yet  pious  Christians." Hammond. "The plain
   people."  A.  Lincoln.  (c) Free from affectation or disguise; candid;
   sincere;  artless;  honest;  frank. "An honest mind, and plain." Shak.
   (d)  Not  luxurious;  not highly seasoned; simple; as, plain food. (e)
   Without  beauty;  not  handsome;  homely;  as,  a plain woman. (f) Not
   variegated, dyed, or figured; as, plain muslin. (g) Not much varied by
   modulations; as, a plain tune.
   Plain  battle,  open  battle; pitched battle. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Plain
   chant  (Mus.)  Same  as  Plain  song, below. -- Plain chart (Naut.), a
   chart laid down on Mercator's projection. -- Plain dealer. (a) One who
   practices  plain  dealing.  (b)  A  simpleton.  [Obs.]  Shak. -- Plain
   dealing. See under Dealing. -- Plain molding (Join.), molding of which
   the  surfaces  are  plain figures. -- Plain sewing, sewing of seams by
   simple  and  common stitches, in distinct from fancy work, embroidery,
   etc.;  --  distinguished  also from designing and fitting garments. --
   Plain  song.  (a)  The Gregorian chant, or canto fermo; the prescribed
   melody  of  the  Roman  Catholic  service, sung in unison, in tones of
   equal  length,  and  rarely extending beyond the compass of an octave.
   (b)  A  simple  melody.  --  Plain speaking, plainness or bluntness of
   speech.  Syn.  --  Level;  flat;  smooth;  open;  artless; unaffected;
   undisguised; frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished;
   downright;   blunt;   clear;   simple;  distinct;  manifest;  obvious;
   apparent. See Manifest.

                                     Plain

   Plain,  adv.  In  a plain manner; plainly. "To speak short and pleyn."
   Chaucer. "To tell you plain." Shak.

                                     Plain

   Plain, n. [Cf. OF. plaigne, F. plaine. See Plain, a.]

   1.  Level land; usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with
   an  even  surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the
   plain of Jordan; the American plains, or prairies.

     Descending fro the mountain into playn. Chaucer.

     Him the Ammonite Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain. Milton.

   2. A field of battle. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

     Lead forth my soldiers to the plain. Shak.

                                     Plain

   Plain,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plained (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaining.] [Cf.
   Plane, v.]

   1. To plane or level; to make plain or even on the surface. [R.]

     We would rake Europe rather, plain the East. Wither.

   2. To make plain or manifest; to explain.

     What's dumb in show, I'll plain in speech. Shak.

                                   Plainant

   Plain"ant  (?), n. [See 1st Plain.] (Law) One who makes complaint; the
   plaintiff. [Obs.]

                                 Plain-dealing

   Plain"-deal`ing  (?),  a. Practicing plain dealing; artless. See Plain
   dealing, under Dealing. Shak.

                                 Plain-hearted

   Plain"-heart`ed   (?),   a.   Frank;   sincere;  artless.  Milton.  --
   Plain"-heart`ed*ness, n.

                                   Plaining

   Plain"ing, n. Complaint. [Poetic] Shak.

                                   Plaining

   Plain"ing, a. Complaining. [Poetic] Bryant.

                                  Plain-laid

   Plain"-laid` (?), a. (Naut.) Consisting of strands twisted together in
   the ordinary way; as, a plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage.

                                    Plainly

   Plain"ly, adv. In a plain manner; clearly.

                                   Plainness

   Plain"ness, n. The quality or state of being plain.

                                   Plainsman

   Plains"man (?), n.; pl. -men (. One who lives in the plains.

                                 Plain-spoken

   Plain"-spo`ken  (?),  a.  Speaking  with  plain, unreserved sincerity;
   also, spoken sincerely; as, plain-spoken words. Dryden.

                                    Plaint

   Plaint  (?),  n.  [OE.  plainte, pleynte, F. plainte, fr. L. plangere,
   planctum  (plancta,  fem. p.p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf.
   Complain, Plague, Plangent.]

   1.  Audible  expression  of  sorrow;  lamentation; complaint; hence, a
   mournful  song;  a  lament.  Chaucer."The Psalmist's mournful plaint."
   Wordsworth.

   2. An accusation or protest on account of an injury.

     There  are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of plaint, two
     upon defense. Bacon.

   3.  (Law)  A  private  memorial tendered to a court, in which a person
   sets  forth  his  cause  of  action;  the  exhibiting  of an action in
   writing. Blackstone.
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   Page 1094

                                   Plaintful

   Plaint"ful (?), a. Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow
   with an audible voice. "My plaintful tongue." Sir P. Sidney.

                                   Plaintiff

   Plain"tiff  (?),  n.  [F. plaintif making complaint, plaintive; in Old
   French  equiv. to plaignant complainant, prosecutor, fr. plaindre. See
   Plaint,  and cf. Plaintive.] (Law) One who commences a personal action
   or  suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; -- opposed to
   defendant.

                                   Plaintiff

   Plain"tiff, a. See Plaintive. [Obs.] Prior.

                                   Plaintive

   Plain"tive (?), a. [F. plaintif. See Plaintiff, n.]

   1. Repining; complaining; lamenting. Dryden.

   2.  Expressive  of  sorrow  or  melancholy;  mournful;  sad. "The most
   plaintive  ditty."  Landor. -- Plain"tive*ly, adv. -- Plain"tive*ness,
   n.

                                  Plaintless

   Plaint"less   (?),   a.  Without  complaint;  unrepining.  "Plaintless
   patience." Savage.

                                   Plaisance

   Plai`sance" (?), n. [F.] See Pleasance.

                                    Plaise

   Plaise (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Plaice. [Obs.]

                                   Plaister

   Plais"ter (?), n. [Obs.] See Plaster.

                                     Plait

   Plait  (?),  n. [OE. playte, OF. pleit, L. plicatum, plicitum, p.p. of
   plicare  to  fold, akin to plectere to plait. See Ply, and cf. Plat to
   weave, Pleat, Plight fold.]

   1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; as, a box plait.

     The plaits and foldings of the drapery. Addison.

   2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat.
   Polish plait. (Med.) Same as Plica.

                                     Plait

   Plait, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaiting.]

   1.  To  fold;  to  double  in  narrow  folds; to pleat; as, to plait a
   ruffle.

   2.  To  interweave  the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to
   plait hair; to plait rope.

                                    Plaited

   Plait"ed,  a.  Folded;  doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved;
   intricate; artful.

     Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides. Shak.

                                    Plaiter

   Plait"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plaits.

                                     Plan

   Plan (?), n. [F., fr. L. planus flat, level. See Plain, a.]

   1.  A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as
   a  map  or  a  chart;  especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the
   representation  or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as
   of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.

   2.  A  scheme  devised;  a  method of action or procedure expressed or
   described  in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the
   plan of an expedition.

     God's plans like lines pure and white unfold. M. R. Smith.

   3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.

     The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they
     should keep who can. Wordsworth.

   Body  plan,  Floor  plan,  etc.  See  under  Body, Floor, etc. Syn. --
   Scheme;   draught;   delineation;   plot;   sketch;  project;  design;
   contrivance; device. See Scheme.

                                     Plan

   Plan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planning.]

   1.  To  form  a  delineation  of;  to  draught;  to represent, as by a
   diagram.

   2.  To  scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan
   the conquest of a country.

     Even in penance, planning sins anew. Goldsmith.

                                   Planaria

   Pla*na"ri*a  (?),  n.;  pl. L. Planari\'91 (#), E. -rias (#). [NL. See
   Planary.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  species of turbellarian worms belonging to
   Planaria,  and many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and
   smooth. Some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.

                                   Planarian

   Pla*na"ri*an   (?),   n.   (Zo\'94l.)   One   of   the  Planarida,  or
   Dendroc\'d2la; any turbellarian worm. -- Pla*na"ri*an, a.

                                   Planarida

   Pla*nar"i*da  (?),  n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Turbellaria;
   the Dendroc\'d2la.

                                  Planarioid

   Pla*na"ri*oid   (?),   a.  [Planaria  +  -oid.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Like  the
   planarians.

                                    Planary

   Pla"na*ry (?), a. [L. planarius level. See Plane, a.] Of or pertaining
   to a plane. [R.]

                                    Planch

   Planch (?), n. [F. planche.] A plank. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

                                    Planch

   Planch,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planching.]
   [F.  planche  a board, plank. See Plank.] To make or cover with planks
   or  boards;  to  plank.  [Obs.] "To that vineyard is a planched gate."
   Shak.

                                   Plancher

   Planch"er (?), n. [F., planche. See Planch.]

   1. A floor of wood; also, a plank. [Obs.] Bacon.

   2. (Arch.) The under side of a cornice; a soffit.

                                   Plancher

   Planch"er, v. t. To form of planks. [Obs.] Golding.

                                   Planchet

   Planch"et  (?),  n. [F. planchette a small board, dim. of planche. See
   Planch.]  A  flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to
   be stamped as a coin.

                                  Planchette

   Plan`chette" (?), n. [F. See Planchet.]

   1. A circumferentor. See Circumferentor.

   2.  A  small  tablet  of wood supported on casters and having a pencil
   attached.  The  characters  produced by the pencil on paper, while the
   hand  rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes
   translated as of oracular or supernatural import.

                                   Planching

   Planch"ing  (?),  n. The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor
   of boards or planks.

                                     Plane

   Plane  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  L.  platanus,  Gr. Place, and cf. Platane,
   Plantain the tree.] (Bot.) Any tree of the genus Platanus.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e Or iental plane (Platanus orientalis) is a native
     of  Asia.  It  rises  with  a straight, smooth, branching stem to a
     great  height,  with palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles,
     sustaining  several heads of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds
     are  downy,  and  collected  into  round,  rough,  hard  balls. The
     Occidental  plane  (Platanus  occidentalis), which grows to a great
     height,  is a native of North America, where it is popularly called
     sycamore,  buttonwood,  and  buttonball,  names also applied to the
     California species (Platanus racemosa).

                                     Plane

   Plane  (?),  a.  [L.  planus:  cf.  F.  plan.  See  Plan,  a.] Without
   elevations   or   depressions;   even;   level;  flat;  lying  in,  or
   constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface.

     NOTE: &hand; In  sc ience, th is wo rd (instead of plain) is almost
     exclusively used to designate a flat or level surface.

   Plane angle, the angle included between two straight lines in a plane.
   --  Plane  chart,  Plane  curve.  See  under Chart and Curve. -- Plane
   figure, a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded
   by straight lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by curved lines
   it  is  a  curvilinear  plane  figure. -- Plane geometry, that part of
   geometry  which  treats  of  the  relations  and  properties  of plane
   figures. -- Plane problem, a problem which can be solved geometrically
   by  the  aid  of  the  right  line  and  circle only. -- Plane sailing
   (Naut.),  the  method  of  computing  a ship's place and course on the
   supposition  that  the  earth's  surface  is  a  plane. -- Plane scale
   (Naut.),  a  scale  for  the use of navigators, on which are graduated
   chords,  sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc. --
   Plane  surveying,  surveying  in  which  the curvature of the earth is
   disregarded;  ordinary  field and topographical surveying of tracts of
   moderate  extent.  -- Plane table, an instrument used for plotting the
   lines  of  a  survey on paper in the field. -- Plane trigonometry, the
   branch  of  trigonometry  in which its principles are applied to plane
   triangles.

                                     Plane

   Plane, n. [F. plane, L. plana. See Plane, v. & a.]

   1.  (Geom.)  A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points
   are  taken,  the  straight  line  which joins them lies wholly in that
   surface;  or  a  surface,  any section of which by a like surface is a
   straight line; a surface without curvature.

   2.  (Astron.)  An  ideal  surface,  conceived  as  coinciding with, or
   containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve;
   as,  the  plane  of  an  orbit;  the  plane of the ecliptic, or of the
   equator.

   3. (Mech.) A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a
   standard of flatness; a surface plate.

   4.  (Joinery)  A  tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood,
   for  forming  moldings,  etc.  It  consists  of  a smooth-soled stock,
   usually  of  wood,  from  the  under  side  or  face of which projects
   slightly  the  steel  cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which
   inclines  backward,  with  an  apperture  in  front  for the escape of
   shavings;  as, the jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane,
   etc.
   Objective  plane  (Surv.),  the horizontal plane upon which the object
   which  is  to  be  delineated,  or whose place is to be determined, is
   supposed  to stand. -- Perspective plane. See Perspective. -- Plane at
   infinity  (Geom.),  a  plane  in  which  points infinitely distant are
   conceived as situated. -- Plane iron, the cutting chisel of a joiner's
   plane.  -- Plane of polarization. (Opt.) See Polarization. -- Plane of
   projection.   (a)   The   plane  on  which  the  projection  is  made,
   corresponding  to the perspective plane in perspective; -- called also
   principal  plane.  (b)  (Descriptive Geom.) One of the planes to which
   points  are  referred  for  the  purpose of determining their relative
   position  in  space.  -- Plane of refraction OR reflection (Opt.), the
   plane  in  which  lie  both  the  incident  ray  and  the refracted or
   reflected ray.

                                     Plane

   Plane,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planing.] [Cf.
   F.  planer,  L. planare, fr. planus. See Plane, a., Plain, a., and cf.
   Planish.]

   1.  To  make  smooth;  to  level;  to pare off the inequalities of the
   surface  of,  as  of  a  board or other piece of wood, by the use of a
   plane; as, to plane a plank.

   2. To efface or remove.

     He planed away the names . . . written on his tables. Chaucer.

   3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth. [R.]

     What student came but that you planed her path. Tennyson.

                                Plane-parallel

   Plane`-par"al*lel  (?),  a.  (Optics) Having opposite surfaces exactly
   plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.

                                    Planer

   Plan"er (?), n.

   1.  One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine
   for planing wood or metals.

   2.  (Print.)  A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form,
   and making the surface even. Hansard.
   Planer centers. See under Center.

                                  Planer tree

   Plan"er  tree`  (?).  [From  J.S.Planer,  a German botanist.] (Bot.) A
   small-leaved  North  American  tree  (Planera aquatica) related to the
   elm, but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.

                                    Planet

   Plan"et (?), n. [OE. planete, F. plan\'8ate, L. planeta, fr. Gr.

   1. (Astron.) A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit
   of a moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a comet
   by  the  absence  of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See
   Solar system.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm pl anet was first used to distinguish those
     stars which have an apparent motion through the constellations from
     the  fixed stars, which retain their relative places unchanged. The
     inferior planets are Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun
     than  is  the  earth; the superior planets are Mars, the asteroids,
     Jupiter,  Saturn,  Uranus,  and Neptune, which are farther from the
     sun  than  is  the  earth.  Primary planets are those which revolve
     about the sun; secondary planets, or moons, are those which revolve
     around  the  primary  planets  as  satellites, and at the same time
     revolve with them about the sun.

   2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men.

     There's some ill planet reigns. Shak.

   Planet  gear.  (Mach.) See Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic. -- Planet
   wheel,  a  gear  wheel  which  revolves around the wheel with which it
   meshes, in an epicyclic train.

                                  Plane table

   Plane" ta`ble (?). See under Plane, a.

                                  Planetarium

   Plan`e*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. plan\'82taire. See Planetary.] An
   orrery.  See  Orrery.  <--  since  the 1930's, orrery has retained its
   original  meaning, but planetarium now refers primarily to a room with
   a  dome-shaped  roof,  in  which images of the night sky are projected
   from  a  central  projector.  The  projector  itself  is also called a
   planetarium. -->

                                   Planetary

   Plan"et*a*ry   (?),   a.   [Cf.   L.  planetarius  an  astrologer,  F.
   plan\'82taire planetary. See Planet.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  planets;  as,  planetary inhabitants;
   planetary motions; planetary year.

   2. Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.

   3.  (Astrol.) Under the dominion or influence of a planet. "Skilled in
   the planetary hours." Drayton.

   4. Caused by planets. "A planetary plague." Shak.

   5.  Having  the  nature  of  a  planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
   "Erratical and planetary life." Fuller.
   Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets known
   to  the  ancients, each having its day. Hutton. -- Planetary nebula, a
   nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet.

                                   Planeted

   Plan"et*ed, a. Belonging to planets. [R.] Young.

                             Planetic, Planetical

   Pla*net"ic  (?),  Pla*net"ic*al  (?),  a.  [L.  planeticus,  Gr. Of or
   pertaining to planets. Sir T. Browne.

                                   Planetoid

   Plan"et*oid  (?),  n.  [Planet  + -oid.] (Astron.) A body resembling a
   planet; an asteroid.

                                  Planetoidal

   Plan"et*oid*al (?), a. Pertaining to a planetoid.

                                  Plane tree

   Plane" tree` (?). (Bot.) Same as 1st Plane.

                        Planet-stricken, Planet-struck

   Plan"et-strick`en   (?),  Plan"et-struck`  (?),  a.  Affected  by  the
   influence of planets; blasted. Milton.

     Like  planet-stricken  men of yore He trembles, smitten to the core
     By strong compunction and remorse. Wordsworth.

                                   Planetule

   Plan"et*ule (?), n. A little planet. [R.] Conybeare.

                                   Plangency

   Plan"gen*cy  (?), n. The quality or state of being plangent; a beating
   sound. [R.]

                                   Plangent

   Plan"gent  (?),  a.  [L.  plangens,  -entis, fr. plangere to beat. See
   Plaint.]  Beating;  dashing,  as  a wave. [R.] "The plangent wave." H.
   Taylor.

                                Plani-, Plano-

   Plan"i-  (?),  Plan"o- (?). [L. planus. See Plane, a.] Combining forms
   signifying   flat,   level,   plane;   as   planifolious,  planimetry,
   plano-concave.

                                 Planifolious

   Plan`i*fo"li*ous   (?),   a.   [Plani-   +  L.  folium  leaf.]  (Bot.)
   Flat-leaved.

                                   Planiform

   Plan"i*form  (?),  a. (Anat.) Having a plane surface; as, a planiform,
   gliding, or arthrodial articulation.

                                  Planimeter

   Pla*nim"e*ter (?), n. [Plani- + -meter. Cf. Planometer.] An instrument
   for  measuring  the  area  of  any plane figure, however irregular, by
   passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.

                        Planimetric; 277, Planimetrical

   Plan`i*met"ric   (?;   277),   Plan`i*met"ric*al   (?),   a.  [Cf.  F.
   planim\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to planimetry.

                                  Planimetry

   Pla*nim"e*try  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  planim\'82trie.] The mensuration of
   plane  surfaces; -- distinguished from stereometry, or the mensuration
   of volumes.

                                    Planing

   Plan"ing  (?),  a.  & vb. n. fr. Plane, v. t. Planing machine. (a) See
   Planer.  (b)  A  complex  machine for planing wood, especially boards,
   containing  usually  a  rapidly  revolving cutter, which chips off the
   surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed is passed under it
   by feeding apparatus.

                                 Planipennate

   Pla`ni*pen"nate (?), a. Of or pertaining to Planipennia.

                                  Planipennia

   Pla`ni*pen"ni*a  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna wing.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad,
   flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes.

                                 Planipetalous

   Plan`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Plani- + petal.] (Bot.) Having flat petals.

                                    Planish

   Plan"ish  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Planished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Planishing.] [OF. planir, F. planer. See Plane, v., and -ish.] To make
   smooth  or  plane,  as  a  metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and
   polish by light blows with a hammer.

                                   Planisher

   Plan"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, planishes. Weale.

                                  Planishing

   Plan"ish*ing,  a.  &  vb.  n.  from  Planish,  v.  t. Planishing rolls
   (Coining),  rolls between which metal strips are passed while cold, to
   bring them to exactly the required thickness.

                                  Planisphere

   Plan"i*sphere  (?),  n.  [Plani-  + sphere: cf. F. planisph\'8are. See
   Plain,  and  Sphere.]  The representation of the circles of the sphere
   upon  a  plane;  especially,  a representation of the celestial sphere
   upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing
   the  position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars,
   etc., for any given date or hour.

                                 Planispheric

   Plan`i*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a planisphere.

                                     Plank

   Plank  (?),  n.  [OE. planke, OF. planque, planche, F. planche, fr. L.
   planca; cf. Gr. Planch.]

   1. A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being
   thicker. See Board.

   2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer.

     His  charity  is a better plank than the faith of an intolerant and
     bitter-minded bigot. Southey.

   3.  One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of
   a party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform. [Cant]
   Plank  road,  OR Plank way, a road surface formed of planks. [U.S.] --
   To  walk the plank, to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a
   ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; -- a method of
   disposing of captives practiced by pirates.
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   Page 1095

                                     Plank

   Plank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planking.]

   1.  To  cover  or  lay  with  planks;  as, to plank a floor or a ship.
   "Planked with pine." Dryden.

   2.  To  lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to
   plank money in a wager. [Colloq. U.S.]

   3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.

   4. (Wooden Manuf.) To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for
   subsequent drawing.
   Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before
   a wood fire.

                                   Planking

   Plank"ing, n.

   1.  The  act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of
   planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.

   2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank, v. t., 4.

                                  Plank-sheer

   Plank"-sheer`   (?),  n.  (Shipbuilding)  The  course  of  plank  laid
   horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.

                                   Planless

   Plan"less (?), a. Having no plan.

                                    Planner

   Plan"ner (?), n. One who plans; a projector.

                                    Plano-

   Pla"no- (?). See Plani-.

                                  Planoblast

   Plan"o*blast  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -blast.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  free-swimming
   gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.

                                 Plano-concave

   Pla"no-con"cave (?), a. [Plano- + concave.] Plane or flat on one side,
   and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. See Lens.

                                 Plano-conical

   Pla"no-con"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Plano-  +  conical.] Plane or flat on one
   side, and conical on the other. Grew.

                                 Plano-convex

   Pla"no-con"vex  (?),  a. [Plano- + convex.] Plane or flat on one side,
   and  convex  on  the  other;  as, a plano-convex lens. See Convex, and
   Lens.

                               Plano-horizontal

   Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal  (?),  a.  [Plano-  + horizontal.] Having a level
   horizontal surface or position. Lee.

                                  Planometer

   Pla*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Plano- + -meter. Cf. Planimeter.] An instrument
   for  gauging  or  testing  a  plane  surface. See Surface gauge, under
   Surface.

                                  Planometry

   Pla*nom"e*try  (?),  n.  (Mech.)  The  art  or process of producing or
   gauging a plane surface.

                                Plano-orbicular

   Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar (?), a. [Plano- + orbicular.] Plane or flat on one
   side, and spherical on the other.

                                   Planorbis

   Pla*nor"bis  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  L.  planus  flat + orbis a circle.]
   (Zo\'94l.)   Any   fresh-water   air-breathing  mollusk  belonging  to
   Planorbis and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.

                                Plano-subulate

   Pla"no-su"bu*late  (?), a. [Plano- + subulate.] Smooth and awl-shaped.
   See Subulate.

                                     Plant

   Plant (?), n. [AS. plante, L. planta.]

   1.  A  vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling
   and  voluntary  motion,  and  having, when complete, a root, stem, and
   leaves,  though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion,
   or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule.

     NOTE: &hand; Pl ants ar e divided by their structure and methods of
     reproduction  into  two series, ph\'91nogamous or flowering plants,
     which  have  true flowers and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless
     plants,  which  have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled
     spores.  In  both  series are minute and simple forms and others of
     great  size  and  complexity. As to their mode of nutrition, plants
     may be considered as self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting
     plants  always contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture
     and  the  matter  dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they
     excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic acid to combine with water and
     form  the material for their tissues. Dependent plants comprise all
     fungi  and  many  flowering  plants  of  a parasitic or saprophytic
     nature.  As a rule, they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or
     wholly on matter already organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds
     already  existing,  and  not excreting oxygen. But there are plants
     which   are   partly  dependent  and  partly  self-supporting.  The
     movements  of  climbing  plants,  of  some insectivorous plants, of
     leaves,  stamens,  or  pistils  in  certain plants, and the ciliary
     motion of zo\'94spores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary
     motion.

   2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. "A plant
   of stubborn oak." Dryden.

   3.  The  sole  of  the foot. [R.] "Knotty legs and plants of clay." B.
   Jonson.

   4.  (Com.) The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a
   trade  or  mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate,
   and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying
   on  a  business,  but  not  including material worked upon or finished
   products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad.

   5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. [Slang]

     It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey. Dickens.

   6. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from
   one  of natural growth. (b) A young oyster suitable for transplanting.
   [Local, U.S.] <-- a person who joins a group, to spy on them on behalf
   of another person or group -->
   Plant  bug  (Zo\'94l.),  any one of numerous hemipterous insects which
   injure the foliage of plants, as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat
   and trees. -- Plant cutter (Zo\'94l.), a South American passerine bird
   of  the genus Phytotoma, family Phytotomid\'91. It has a serrated bill
   with  which  it  cuts  off  the young shoots and buds of plants, often
   doing  much  injury.  -- Plant louse (Zo\'94l.), any small hemipterous
   insect   which  infests  plants,  especially  those  of  the  families
   Aphid\'91 and Psyllid\'91; an aphid.

                                     Plant

   Plant  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Planting.]
   [AS. plantian, L. plantare. See Plant, n.]

   1.  To  put  in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant
   maize.

   2.  To  set  in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable
   with roots.

     Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees. Deut. xvi. 21.

   3.  To  furnish,  or  fit  out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an
   orchard, or a forest.

   4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.

     It engenders choler, planteth anger. Shak.

   5.  To  furnish  with  a fixed and organized population; to settle; to
   establish; as, to plant a colony.

     Planting of countries like planting of woods. Bacon.

   6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant
   Christianity among the heathen.

   7.  To  set  firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant
   cannon  against  a  fort;  to  plant a standard in any place; to plant
   one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face.

   8. To set up; to install; to instate.

     We will plant some other in the throne. Shak.

                                     Plant

   Plant, v. i. To perform the act of planting.

     I have planted; Apollos watered. 1 Cor. iii. 6.

                                   Plantable

   Plant"a*ble  (?),  a.  Capable of being planted; fit to be planted. B.
   Edwards.

                                   Plantage

   Plant"age  (?), n. A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants
   in general, or anything that is planted.

     As  true  as steel, as plantage to the moon. Shak. (Troil. iii. sc.
     2).

                                   Plantain

   Plan"tain (?), n. [Cf. F. plantain-arbre, plantanier, Sp. pl\'a0ntano,
   pl\'a0tano; prob. same word as plane tree.]

   1.  (Bot.)  A  treelike  perennial herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical
   regions,  bearing  immense  leaves  and  large  clusters of the fruits
   called plantains. See Musa. <-- a type of banana -->

   2.  The  fruit  of  this  plant.  It is long and somewhat cylindrical,
   slightly  curved,  and,  when  ripe,  soft, fleshy, and covered with a
   thick  but  tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of
   food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked.<-- resembling
   the banana of commerce, but smaller -->
   Plantain  cutter,  OR  Plantain  eater  (Zo\'94l.), any one of several
   large  African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family Musophagid\'91,
   especially  Musophaga  violacea.  See  Turaco.  They are allied to the
   cuckoos.  --  Plantain  squirrel  (Zo\'94l.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus
   plantani)  which  feeds  upon  plantains. -- Plantain tree (Bot.), the
   treelike herb Musa paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above).

                                   Plantain

   Plan"tain,  n.  [F.,  fr. L. plantago. Cf. Plant.] (Bot.) Any plant of
   the genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a low herb with broad
   spreading  radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is
   a  native  of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in
   nearly  all  parts  of  the  world.  Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under
   Indian.  --  Mud  plantain,  a  homely  North  American  aquatic plant
   (Heteranthera   reniformis),   having   broad,   reniform  leaves.  --
   Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant (Goodyera pubescens), with
   the  leaves  blotched and spotted with white. -- Ribwort plantain. See
   Ribwort.  --  Robin's  plantain,  the Erigeron bellidifolium, a common
   daisylike  plant  of  North America. -- Water plantain, a plant of the
   genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and formerly regarded as a specific
   against hydrophobia. Loudon.

                                    Plantal

   Plant"al (?), a. [L. planta a plant.] Belonging to plants; as, plantal
   life. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

                                    Plantar

   Plan"tar  (?),  a.  [L.  plantaris,  fr. planta the sole of the foot.]
   (Anat.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the sole of the foot; as, the plantar
   arteries.

                                  Plantation

   Plan*ta"tion (?), n. [L. plantatio: cf. F. plantation.]

   1.  The  act  or  practice  of  planting,  or setting in the earth for
   growth. [R.]

   2.  The  place  planted;  land  brought  under cultivation; a piece of
   ground planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United States
   and  West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the
   more  important  crops,  and  cultivated  by  laborers who live on the
   estate; as, a cotton plantation; a coffee plantation.

   3. An original settlement in a new country; a colony.

     While these plantations were forming in Connecticut. B. Trumbull.

                                  Plant-cane

   Plant"-cane`  (?),  n.  A  stalk  or  shoot of sugar cane of the first
   growth  from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years
   is of inferior quality, and is called rattoon.

                                 Plant-eating

   Plant"-eat`ing  (?),  a.  Eating,  or  subsisting  on,  plants;  as, a
   plant-eating beetle.

                                    Planted

   Plant"ed  (?),  a.  (Joinery)  Fixed  in place, as a projecting member
   wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted molding.

                                    Planter

   Plant"er (?), n.

   1.  One  who,  or  that which, plants or sows; as, a planterof corn; a
   machine planter.

   2.  One  who  owns  or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar planter; a
   coffee planter.

   3.  A  colonist  in  a  new  or  uncultivated territory; as, the first
   planters  in  Virginia.  <--  a  movable  box  or  a  fixed  low, open
   structure,  as  of  brick,  in  which  plants are grown for decorative
   purposes. -->

                                  Plantership

   Plant"er*ship,  n.  The  occupation  or  position of a planter, or the
   management  of  a  plantation,  as  in  the  United States or the West
   Indies.

                                   Planticle

   Plant"i*cle  (?),  n.  [Dim.  of  Plant.]  A  young plant, or plant in
   embryo. E. Darwin.

                                  Plantigrada

   Plan`ti*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A subdivision of Carnivora
   having  plantigrade  feet. It includes the bears, raccoons, and allied
   species.

                                  Plantigrade

   Plan"ti*grade (?), a. [L. planta sole of the foot + gradi to walk: cf.
   F.  plantigrade.]  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  Walking  on  the sole of the foot;
   pertaining to the plantigrades. (b) Having the foot so formed that the
   heel touches the ground when the leg is upright.

                                  Plantigrade

   Plan"ti*grade,  n.  (Zo\'94l.) A plantigrade animal, or one that walks
   or steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears.

                                   Planting

   Plant"ing (?), n.

   1.  The  act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as
   seeds,  trees,  shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, as of trees;
   the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.

   2. That which is planted; a plantation.

     Trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord. Isa. lxi. 3.

   3.  (Arch.)  The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation.
   [Eng.]

                                   Plantless

   Plant"less, a. Without plants; barren of vegetation.

                                   Plantlet

   Plant"let, n. A little plant.

                                  Plantocracy

   Plan*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Planter + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government
   by planters; planters, collectively. [R.]

                                   Plantule

   Plant"ule  (?), n. [F., dim. of plante a plant, L. planta.] (Bot.) The
   embryo which has begun its development in the act of germination.

                                    Planula

   Plan"u*la (?), n.; pl. Planul\'91 (#). [L., a little plane.]

   1.  (Biol.)  In  embryonic  development,  a vesicle filled with fluid,
   formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner
   as  to  give  rise  to a central space, around which the cells arrange
   themselves  as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the
   morula  and  gastrula.  Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.<--
   now usu. gastrula -->

   2.   (Zo\'94l.)   The   very   young,   free-swimming   larva  of  the
   c\'d2lenterates.  It  usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and
   is entirely covered with cilia.

                                    Planxty

   Planx"ty  (?), n. [Cf. L. plangere to mourn aloud.] (Mus.) An Irish or
   Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character.

                                    Plaque

   Plaque  (?),  n. [F. Cf. Plack, and see Placard.] Any flat, thin piece
   of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting
   pictures  upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall;
   also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch.

                                     Plash

   Plash (?), n. [OD. plasch. See Plash, v.]

   1.  A  small  pool  of standing water; a puddle. Bacon. "These shallow
   plashes." Barrow.

   2. A dash of water; a splash.

                                     Plash

   Plash,  v.  i.  [imp.  & p. p. Plashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.]
   [Cf.  D.  plassen,  G.  platschen. Cf. Splash.] To dabble in water; to
   splash. "Plashing among bedded pebbles." Keats.

     Far below him plashed the waters. Longfellow.

                                     Plash

   Plash, v. t.

   1. To splash, as water.

   2.  To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to plash a wall in
   imitation of granite.

                                     Plash

   Plash,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] [OF.
   plaissier,  plessier,  to bend. Cf. Pleach.] To cut partly, or to bend
   and intertwine the branches of; as, to plash a hedge. Evelyn.

                                     Plash

   Plash,  n.  The  branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or
   intertwined with, other branches.

                                    Plashet

   Plash"et (?), n. [Plash + -et.] A small pond or pool; a puddle.

                                   Plashing

   Plash"ing, n.

   1.  The  cutting  or  bending  and  intertwining the branches of small
   trees, as in hedges.

   2.  The  dashing  or  sprinkling  of  coloring  matter on the walls of
   buildings, to imitate granite, etc.

                                   Plashoot

   Plash"oot  (?),  n.  A  hedge  or  fence  formed  of branches of trees
   interlaced, or plashed. [Obs.] Carew.

                                    Plashy

   Plash"y (?), a. [From 1st Plash.]

   1.  Watery;  abounding  with  puddles; splashy. "Plashy fens." Milton.
   "The plashy earth." Wordsworth.

   2. Specked, as if plashed with color. Keats.

                                     Plasm

   Plasm  (?),  n.  [L.  plasma  anything formed or molded, that which is
   molded, Gr. plasme. Cf. Plasma.]

   1.  A  mold  or  matrix  in  which  anything  is  cast  or formed to a
   particular shape. [R.] Woodward.

   2. (Biol.) Same as Plasma.

                                    Plasma

   Plas"ma (?), n. [See Plasm.]

   1. (Min.) A variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek
   green,  which  is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much
   esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.

   2. (Biol.) The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of
   which  the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation;
   protoplasm.

   3. Unorganized material; elementary matter.

   4.  (Med.)  A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for
   ointments. U. S. Disp. <-- = blood plasma --> <-- 6. (physics) a state
   of  matter  in  which charged particles have sufficient energy to move
   freely,  rather than bound in atoms as in ordinary matter; it has some
   of the properties of a gas, but is a conductor of electricity; plasmas
   are  found naturally in the atmosphere of stars, and can be created in
   special laboratory apparatus -->
   Blood  plasma  (Physiol.),  the colorless fluid of the blood, in which
   the  red  and  white  blood corpuscles are suspended. -- Muscle plasma
   (Physiol.),  the  fundamental  part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid,
   albuminous  fluid  contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death
   of the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1096

                            Plasmatic, Plasmatical

   Plas*mat"ic (?), Plas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr.

   1. Forming; shaping; molding. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

   2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma;
   containing, or conveying, plasma.

                                  Plasmation

   Plas*ma"tion  (?),  n.  [L. plasmatio.] The act of forming or molding.
   [R.] Grafton.

                                   Plasmator

   Plas*ma"tor  (?),  n.  [L.] A former; a fashioner. [R.] "The sovereign
   plasmator, God Almighty." Urquhart.

                                  Plasmature

   Plas"ma*ture (?), n. Form; mold. [R.]

                                    Plasmic

   Plas"mic  (?),  a.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  connected  with, plasma;
   plasmatic.   <--  Plasmid,  n.  A  piece  of  DNA,  usually  circular,
   functioning  as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated
   with  the  chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome,
   but  transferred,  like  the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In
   bacteria,  plasmids  often  carry the genes for antibiotic resistance;
   they  are  exploited  in  genetic  engineering  as  the  vehicles  for
   introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup
   of  the  cell.  The  cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins
   which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant
   cells,  the  altered  cells may grow into complete plants with changed
   properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease. . -->

                                    Plasmin

   Plas"min  (?),  n.  (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid body, separated by some
   physiologists  from  blood  plasma.  It  is  probably  identical  with
   fibrinogen.

                                  Plasmodial

   Plas*mo"di*al  (?),  a.  (Biol.)  Of  or  pertaining  to,  or  like, a
   plasmodium; as, the plasmodial form of a life cycle.

                                  Plasmodium

   Plas*mo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Plasmodia (#). [NL. See Plasma.]

   1.  (Biol.)  A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of
   am\'d2boid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union
   of  several  am\'d2balike young, and constituting one of the stages in
   the  life  cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms. <-- (a) a genus
   of microorganisms (b) an individual malarial parasite cell. -->

                                   Plasmogen

   Plas"mo*gen  (?),  n.  [Plasma  +  -gen.] (Biol.) The important living
   portion  of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest
   elaboration. Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.

                                    Plasson

   Plas"son  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Biol.)  The  albuminous material
   composing the body of a cytode.

     NOTE: &hand; It  is  co nsidered si mpler th an pr otoplasm of  an 
     ordinary cell in that it has not undergone differentiation into the
     inner cell nucleus and the outer cell substance.

   Haeckel.

                                    Plaster

   Plas"ter  (?), n. [AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. emplastrum, Gr.
   plastre  a plaster (in sense 2), F. pl\'83tre. Cf. Plastic, Emplaster,
   Piaster.] [Formerly written also plaister.]

   1.  (Med.)  An  external  application  of  a  consistency  harder than
   ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or
   other  material.  It  is  adhesive  at the ordinary temperature of the
   body,  and  is  used,  according  to  its  composition,  to  produce a
   medicinal  effect, to bind parts together, etc.; as, a porous plaster;
   sticking plaster.

   2.  A  composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a
   bond,  for  coating  walls,  ceilings,  and  partitions of houses. See
   Mortar.

   3.  Calcined  gypsum,  or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as
   used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum
   used as a fertilizer.
   Plaster cast, a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris
   mixed  with water into a mold. -- Plaster of Paris. [So called because
   originally  brought from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.) Anhydrous calcium
   sulphate,  or  calcined  gypsum,  which forms with water a paste which
   soon  sets  or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term
   is  loosely  applied  to  any  plaster  stone or species of gypsum. --
   Plaster  of Paris bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a paste of
   plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint.<--
   =  plaster cast, cast --> -- Plaster stone, any species of gypsum. See
   Gypsum.

                                    Plaster

   Plas"ter,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Plastered  (?);  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Plastering.]   [Cf.   OF.   plastrer  to  plaster  (in  sense  2),  F.
   pl\'83trer.]

   1. To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.

   2.  To  overlay  or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a
   house.

   3.  Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide,
   as with a covering of plaster. Bale.

                                   Plasterer

   Plas"ter*er (?), n.

   1.  One  who  applies plaster or mortar. "Thy father was a plasterer."
   Shak.

   2.  One  who makes plaster casts. "The plasterer doth make his figures
   by addition." Sir H. Wotton.

                                  Plastering

   Plas"ter*ing, n.

   1. Same as Plaster, n., 2.

   2. The act or process of overlaying with plaster.

   3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork.

                                   Plasterly

   Plas"ter*ly,  a. Resembling plaster of Paris. [R.] "Out of gypseous or
   plasterly ground." Fuller.

                                  Plasterwork

   Plas"ter*work`   (?),  n.  Plastering  used  to  finish  architectural
   constructions,  exterior  or  interior,  especially  that used for the
   lining of rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the
   work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and ornaments.

                                   Plastery

   Plas"ter*y, a. Of the nature of plaster.

     The stone . . . is a poor plastery material. Clough.

                                   -plastic

   -plas"tic  (?).  [Gr. A combining form signifying developing, forming,
   growing; as, heteroplastic, monoplastic, polyplastic.

                                    Plastic

   Plas"tic (?), a. [L. plasticus, Gr. plastique.]

   1.  Having  the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as,
   the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior.

     See plastic Nature working to his end. Pope.

   2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; --
   used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child.

   3.  Pertaining  or  appropriate  to,  or characteristic of, molding or
   modeling;  produced  by,  or  appearing  as if produced by, molding or
   modeling;  --  said  of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction
   from painting and the graphic arts.

     Medallions  .  . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the
     palmy days of Italian art. J. S. Harford.

   <--  composed  of a plastic substance --> Plastic clay (Geol.), one of
   the  beds  of  the  Eocene period; -- so called because used in making
   pottery.  Lyell.  -- Plastic element (Physiol.), one that bears within
   the  germs of a higher form. -- Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation
   thrown  out  upon  a  wounded surface and constituting the material of
   repair  by which the process of healing is effected. -- Plastic foods.
   (Physiol.)   See  the  second  Note  under  Food.  --  Plastic  force.
   (Physiol.)  See  under  Force.  --  Plastic operation, an operation in
   plastic  surgery.  -- Plastic surgery, that branch of surgery which is
   concerned with the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed
   parts  of the body. <-- plastic, n. a substance composed predominantly
   of  a  synthetic organic high polymer capable of being cast or molded;
   many  varieties  of  plastic  are used to produce articles of commerce
   (after 1900). [MW10 gives origin of word as 1905] -->

                                   Plastical

   Plas"tic*al (?), a. See Plastic. [R.]

                                  Plastically

   Plas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a plastic manner.

                                  Plasticity

   Plas*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plasticit\'82.]

   1. The quality or state of being plastic.

   2. (Physiol.) Plastic force. Dunglison.

                               Plastid, Plastide

   Plas"tid (?), Plas"tide (?), n. [Gr.

   1.  (Biol.)  A  formative  particle  of  albuminous matter; a monad; a
   cytode. See the Note under Morphon. Haeckel.

   2.  (Bot.)  One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of
   vegetable  cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes,
   chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.

                                  Plastidozoa

   Plas`ti*do*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Protoza.

                                  Plastidule

   Plas"ti*dule  (?),  n.  [Dim.  fr.  Plastid.] (Biol.) One of the small
   particles or organic molecules of protoplasm. Haeckel.

                                    Plastin

   Plas"tin  (?),  n. [Gr. (Biol.) A substance associated with nuclein in
   cell  nuclei,  and  by some considered as the fundamental substance of
   the nucleus.

                                 Plastography

   Plas*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.

   1. The art of forming figures in any plastic material.

   2. Imitation of handwriting; forgery.

                                   Plastron

   Plas"tron  (?),  n.  [F. plastron breastplate, plastron, LL. plastra a
   thin plate of metal. See Plaster.]

   1.  A  piece  of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to protect
   the breast. Dryden.

   3. (Anc. Armor) An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.

   3.  (Anat.)  The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See
   Testudinata.

   4.  A  trimming  for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different
   material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.

                                    -plasty

   -plas"ty  (?).  [Gr.  A  combining form denoting the act or process of
   forming, development, growth; as, autoplasty, perineoplasty.

                                     Plat

   Plat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platted; p. pr. & vb. n. Platting.] [See
   Plait.] To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. "They
   had platted a crown of thorns." Matt. xxvii. 29.

                                     Plat

   Plat, n. Work done by platting or braiding; a plait.

     Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. Shak.

                                     Plat

   Plat,  n. [Cf. Plat flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and Plot a
   piece  of  ground.] A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some
   design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground.

     This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve. Milton.

     I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground. Tennyson.

                                     Plat

   Plat, v. t. To lay out in plats or plots, as ground.

                                     Plat

   Plat, a. [F. plat. See Plate, n.] Plain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower.

                                     Plat

   Plat, adv.

   1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.]

     But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat. Rom. of R.

   2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant.

                                     Plat

   Plat, n.

   1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

   2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or Prov.
   Eng.]  "To  note  all  the  islands,  and  to  set them down in plat."
   Hakluyt.

                                    Platan

   Plat"an  (?),  n.  [L.  platanus.  See  Plane the tree.] [Written also
   platane.] The plane tree. Tennyson.

                                   Platanist

   Plat"a*nist  (?),  n.  [L. platanista a sort of fish, Gr. plataniste.]
   (Zo\'94l.) The soosoo.

                                   Platanus

   Plat"a*nus  (?), n. [See Plane the tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees; the
   plane tree.

                                   Platband

   Plat"band` (?), n. [F. plate-bande; plat, plate, flat, level + bande a
   band.]

   1. A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence,
   a border.

   2.  (Arch.)  (a)  A  flat  molding, or group of moldings, the width of
   which much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave. (b) A
   list or fillet between the flutings of a column.

                                     Plate

   Plate (?), n. [OF. plate a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. plat a plate,
   a  shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. plat flat, Gr.
   Place, n.]

   1.  A  flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the thickness of which is
   small in comparison with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of metal;
   as, a steel plate.

   2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces.

     Mangled . . . through plate and mail. Milton.

   3.  Domestic  vessels  and  utensils,  as flagons, dishes, cups, etc.,
   wrought in gold or silver.

   4.  Metallic  ware  which is plated, in distinction from that which is
   genuine silver or gold.

   5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or
   of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table.

   6.  [Cf.  Sp.  plata  silver.] A piece of money, usually silver money.
   [Obs.]  "Realms  and  islands were as plates dropp'd from his pocket."
   Shak.

   7.  A  piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of
   being  printed;  hence,  an  impression from the engraved metal; as, a
   book illustrated with plates; a fashion plate.

   8.  A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from;
   as, publisher's plates.

   9.  That  part  of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth,
   and  holds  the  teeth  in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver,
   rubber, celluloid, etc.

   10.  (Arch.)  A  horizontal  timber  laid upon a wall, or upon corbels
   projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also
   used  specifically  of  the  roof plate which supports the ends of the
   roof trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.

   11. (Her.) A roundel of silver or tinctured argent.

   12. (Photog.) A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating
   that is sensitive to light.

   13. A prize giving to the winner in a contest.

     NOTE: &hand; Pl ate is  sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in
     combination,  the phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious
     signification;  as,  plate  basket  or  plate-basket, plate rack or
     plate-rack.

   Home  plate. (Baseball) See Home base, under Home. -- Plate armor. (a)
   See  Plate, n., 2. (b) Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels,
   fortifications,  and  the  like. -- Plate bone, the shoulder blade, or
   scapula.  --  Plate  girder, a girder, the web of which is formed of a
   single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together.
   --  Plate  glass. See under Glass. -- Plate iron, wrought iron plates.
   --  Plate  layer,  a  workman who lays down the rails of a railway and
   fixes  them  to the sleepers or ties. -- Plate mark, a special mark or
   emblematic  figure  stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the
   place  of  manufacture,  the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the
   local mark for London is a lion. -- Plate paper, a heavy spongy paper,
   for  printing  from engraved plates. Fairholt. -- Plate press, a press
   with  a flat carriage and a roller, -- used for printing from engraved
   steel or copper plates. -- Plate printer, one who prints from engraved
   plates.  --  Plate  printing,  the  act or process of printing from an
   engraved plate or plates. -- Plate tracery. (Arch.) See under Tracery.
   --  Plate  wheel  (Mech.),  a  wheel,  the  rim  and  hub of which are
   connected  by  a  continuous  plate  of  metal,  instead of by arms or
   spokes.

                                     Plate

   Plate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plated; p. pr. & vb. n. Plating.]

   1. To cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a
   mechanical  process,  as  hammering,  or  by  a  chemical  process, as
   electrotyping.

   2.  To  cover  or  overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for
   defense.

     Thus plated in habiliments of war. Shak.

   3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a plated harness.

   4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or lamin\'91.

   5. To calender; as, to plate paper.

                                    Plateau

   Pla*teau" (?), n.; pl. F. Plateaux (F. , E. Plateaus (#). [F., fr. OF.
   platel, properly a little plate. See Plate.]

   1.  A flat surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land;
   a table-land.

   2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.

                                   Plateful

   Plate"ful (?), n.; pl. Platefuls (. Enough to fill a plate; as much as
   a plate will hold.

                                 Plate-gilled

   Plate"-gilled`  (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as
   the bivalve mollusks.

                                    Platel

   Pla"tel (?), n. [OF. See Plateau.] A small dish.

                                    Platen

   Plat"en  (?),  n.  [F.  platine,  fr.  plat  flat.  See Plate, and cf.
   Platin.]  (Mach.)  (a)  The part of a printing press which presses the
   paper against the type and by which the impression is made. (b) Hence,
   an analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper rests to receive
   an  impression.  (c) The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer,
   on  which  the  work  is  fastened, and presented to the action of the
   tool; -- also called table.

                                    Plater

   Plat"er  (?), n. One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver;
   as, a silver plater.

   2. A machine for calendering paper.

                                  Plateresque

   Plat`er*esque"  (?),  a.  [Sp.  resco,  from  plata  silver.]  (Arch.)
   Resembling silver plate; -- said of certain architectural ornaments.

                                  Platetrope

   Plat"e*trope (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) One of a pair of a paired organs.

                                   Platform

   Plat"form` (?), n. [Plat, a. + -form: cf. F. plateforme.]

   1.  A  plat;  a  plan;  a  sketch;  a  model;  a  pattern.  Used  also
   figuratively. [Obs.] Bacon.

   2. A place laid out after a model. [Obs.]

     lf the platform just reflects the order. Pope.

   3.  Any  flat  or  horizontal  surface; especially, one that is raised
   above  some  particular  level,  as  a  framework  of timber or boards
   horizontally  joined  so  as  to  form  a  roof, or a raised floor, or
   portion  of  a  floor;  a  landing;  a  dais;  a  stage, for speakers,
   performers, or workmen; a standing place.

   4.  A  declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a
   party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the Saybrook
   platform; a political platform. "The platform of Geneva." Hooker.

   5.  (Naut.)  A  light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or
   over the floor of the magazine. See Orlop.
   Platform  car,  a  railway  car  without  permanent  raised  sides  or
   covering;  a  f  --  Platform  scale,  a weighing machine, with a flat
   platform on which objects are weighed.

                                   Platform

   Plat"form`, v. t.

   1. To place on a platform. [R.]

   2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out. [Obs.]

     Church discipline is platformed in the Bible. Milton.

                                 Plathelminth

   Plat*hel"minth (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Platyelminthes.

                                Plathelminthes

   Plat`hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Platyelminthes.

                                    Platin

   Plat"in (?), n. (Mach.) See Platen.

                                    Platina

   Plat"i*na (?), n. [Sp. or NL. See Platinum.] (Chem.) Platinum. Platina
   mohr,  platinum  black.  --  Platina  yellow,  a pigment prepared from
   platinum.

                                    Plating

   Plat"ing (?), n.

   1.  The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or
   with  metal,  particularly  of  overlaying a base or dull metal with a
   thin  plate  of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by
   electro-magnetic deposition.

   2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal.

   3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.

                                   Platinic

   Pla*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum;
   -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element
   has  a higher valence, as contrasted with the platinous compounds; as,
   platinic chloride (PtCl4).
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   Page 1097

                                Platinichloric

   Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric  (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating,
   an  acid  consisting  of  platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and
   obtained   as   a   brownish   red   crystalline   substance,   called
   platinichloric, or chloroplatinic, acid.

                                 Platiniferous

   Plat`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Platinum + -ferous.] Yielding platinum; as,
   platiniferous sand.

                                 Platiniridium

   Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um  (?), n. (Chem. & Min.) A natural alloy of platinum
   and  iridium  occurring  in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains
   with platinum.

                                   Platinize

   Plat"i*nize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Platinizing (?).] To cover or combine with platinum.

                                Platinochloric

   Plat`i*no*chlo"ric  (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Pertaining to, derived from, or
   designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and hydrochloric
   acid, called platinochloric, OR chloroplatinous, acid.

                                Platinochloride

   Plat`i*no*chlo"ride  (?), n. (Chem.) A double chloride of platinum and
   some other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid.

                                 Platinocyanic

   Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic  (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Pertaining to, derived from, or
   designating,  an  acid  compound  of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic
   acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline substance.

                                Platinocyanide

   Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide  (?),  n. (Chem.) A double cyanide of platinum and
   some other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid.

                                   Platinode

   Plat"i*node (?), n. [Platinum + Gr. (Physics) A cathode. [R.]

                                   Platinoid

   Plat"i*noid (?), a. [Platinum + -oid.] Resembling platinum.

                                   Platinoid

   Plat"i*noid, n. (Chem.) An alloy of German silver containing tungsten;
   -- used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards.

                                  Platinotype

   Plat"i*no*type (?), n. [Platinum + -type.] (Photog.)

   1. A permanent photographic picture or print in platinum black.

   2. The process by which such pictures are produced.

                                   Platinous

   Plat"i*nous   (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  containing,
   platinum;  --  used specifically to designate those compounds in which
   the  element  has  a  lower  valence,  as contrasted with the platinic
   compounds; as, platinous chloride (PtCl2).

                                   Platinum

   Plat"i*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL. plata
   a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and cf. Platina.] (Chem.) A metallic
   element,  intermediate  in  value  between  silver and gold, occurring
   native  or  alloyed  with  other metals, also as the platinum arsenide
   (sperrylite).  It  is  heavy  tin-white  metal  which  is  ductile and
   malleable,  but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to
   strong  chemical  reagents.  It  is used for crucibles, for stills for
   sulphuric  acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for
   many  purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt.
   Formerly  called  platina.  Platinum black (Chem.), a soft, dull black
   powder,  consisting  of  finely  divided metallic platinum obtained by
   reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a
   high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer. -- Platinum lamp (Elec.),
   a  kind of incandescent lamp of which the luminous medium is platinum.
   See  under  Incandescent.  --  Platinum  metals  (Chem.), the group of
   metallic  elements  which  in  their  chemical and physical properties
   resemble  platinum.  These  consist of the light platinum group, viz.,
   rhodium,  ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific gravities are about
   12; and the heavy platinum group, viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum,
   whose  specific  gravities  are  over  21. -- Platinum sponge (Chem.),
   metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spongy form, obtained by reducing
   the  double  chloride  of  platinum  and  ammonium. It absorbs oxygen,
   hydrogen,  and  certain other gases, to a high degree, and is employed
   as an agent in oxidizing. 

                                   Platitude

   Plat"i*tude (?), n. [F., from plat flat. See Plate.]

   1.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  flat,  thin,  or insipid; flat
   commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language.

     To  hammer  one  golden  grain  of  wit  into  a  sheet of infinite
     platitude. Motley.

   2.  A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism;
   a commonplace.

                                Platitudinarian

   Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an  (?), n. One addicted to uttering platitudes, or
   stale and insipid truisms. "A political platitudinarian." G. Eliot.

                                 Platitudinize

   Plat`i*tu"di*nize (?), v. i. To utter platitudes or truisms.

                                 Platitudinous

   Plat`i*tu"di*nous  (?),  a.  Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of
   platitudes; uttering platitudes. -- Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness, n.

                                    Platly

   Plat"ly (?), a. Flatly. See Plat, a. [Obs.]

                                   Platness

   Plat"ness, n. Flatness. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

                                  Platometer

   Pla*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] See Planimeter.

                             Platonic, Platonical

   Pla*ton"ic (?), Pla*ton"ic*al (?), a. [L. Platonicus, Gr. platonique.]

   1. Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions.

   2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical.
   Platonic  bodies,  the  five  regular  geometrical solids; namely, the
   tetrahedron,   hexahedron   or  cube,  octahedron,  dodecahedron,  and
   icosahedron. -- Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting
   between  persons  of  opposite  sex,  unmixed with carnal desires, and
   regarding  the mind only and its excellences; -- a species of love for
   which  Plato  was  a  warm  advocate.<--  =  Platonic  relation --> --
   Platonic year (Astron.), a period of time determined by the revolution
   of  the  equinoxes,  or  the  space  of  time  in  which the stars and
   constellations  return  to  their  former  places  in  respect  to the
   equinoxes; -- called also great year. This revolution, which is caused
   by  the  precession  of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about 26,000
   years. Barlow.

                                   Platonic

   Pla*ton"ic, n. A follower of Plato; a Platonist.

                                 Platonically

   Pla*ton"ic*al*ly, adv. In a Platonic manner.

                                   Platonism

   Pla"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. Platonisme.]

   1. The doctrines or philosophy by Plato or of his followers.

     NOTE: &hand; Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and
     powerful  Spirit;  and also that he formed the visible universe out
     of  pre\'89xistent  amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns
     of  ideas  eternally  existent  in  his  own  mind.  Philosophy  he
     considered  as  being  a knowledge of the true nature of things, as
     discoverable  in  those  eternal  ideas after which all things were
     fashioned.  In other words, it is the knowledge of what is eternal,
     exists  necessarily, and is unchangeable; not of the temporary, the
     dependent, and changeable; and of course it is not obtained through
     the  senses;  neither is it the product of the understanding, which
     concerns  itself  only  with the variable and transitory; nor is it
     the  result of experience and observation; but it is the product of
     our  reason,  which,  as partaking of the divine nature, has innate
     ideas  resembling  the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating these
     innate  ideas,  reasoning about them, and comparing them with their
     copies  in  the  visible  universe,  reason  can  attain  that true
     knowledge  of  things which is called philosophy. Plato's professed
     followers,   the   Academics,  and  the  New  Platonists,  differed
     considerably from him, yet are called Platonists.

   Murdock.

   2.  An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces
   of  the  universe;  sometimes,  imaginative or fantastic philosophical
   notions.

                                   Platonist

   Pla"to*nist  (?),  n.  One  who  adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a
   follower of Plato. Hammond.

                                   Platonize

   Pla"to*nize  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Platonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Platonizing.] To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers. Milner.

                                   Platonize

   Pla"to*nize,  v.  t.  To  explain  by,  or accomodate to, the Platonic
   philosophy. Enfield.

                                  Platonizer

   Pla"to*ni`zer (?), n. One who Platonizes.

                                    Platoon

   Pla*toon"  (?),  n.  [F.  peloton a ball of thread, a knot or group of
   men,  a  platoon, from pelote a ball formed of things wound round. See
   Pellet.]  (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also,
   a  small  square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow
   square. (b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company.

                                     Platt

   Platt (?), n. (Mining) See Lodge, n. Raymond.

                                 Plattdeutsch

   Platt"deutsch`  (?),  n.  The  modern  dialects spoken in the north of
   Germany,  taken collectively; modern Low German. See Low German, under
   German.

                                    Platten

   Plat"ten  (?), v. t. [See Plat, a.] (Glass Making) To flatten and make
   into sheets or plates; as, to platten cylinder glass.

                                    Platter

   Plat"ter (?), n. [From Plat to braid.] One who plats or braids.

                                    Platter

   Plat"ter,  n.  [Probably  fr.  OF. platel, F. plateau. See Plateau.] A
   large  plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to
   the table.

     The  attendants  .  .  .  speedly brought in several large, smoking
     platters, filled with huge pieces of beef. Sir W. Scott.

                                 Platter-faced

   Plat"ter-faced` (?), a. Having a broad, flat face.

                                   Platting

   Plat"ting  (?), n. Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for
   making hats or the like.

                                     Platy

   Plat"y (?), a. Like a plate; consisting of plates.

                                    Platy-

   Plat"y-  (?). A combining form from Gr. platy`s broad, wide, flat; as,
   platypus, platycephalous.

                         Platycephalic, Platycephalous

   Plat`y*ce*phal"ic (?), Plat`y*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Platy + Gr. (Anat.)
   Broad-headed.

                                  Platycnemic

   Plat`yc*ne"mic  (?),  a.  [Platy  + Gr. platycn\'82mique.] (Anat.) Of,
   relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.

                                 Platycnemism

   Pla*tyc"ne*mism (?), n. (Anat.) Lateral flattening of the tibia.

                                Platyc\'d2lian

   Plat`y*c\'d2"li*an  (?),  a. [Platy + Gr. (Anat.) Flat at the anterior
   and  concave  at  the  posterior  end;  --  said  of the centra of the
   vertebr\'91 of some extinct dinouaurs.

                                Platyelminthes

   Plat`y*el*min"thes  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Platy-, and Helminthes.]
   (Zo\'94l.) A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms,
   the trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also flatworms.<-- now =
   platyhelminthes -->

                                  Platyhelmia

   Plat`y*hel"mi*a  (?),  n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Platyelminthes.
   [Written also Platyelmia.]

                                  Platymeter

   Pla*tym"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Platy  +  -meter.]  (Elec.) An apparatus for
   measuring  the  capacity  of  condensers, or the inductive capacity of
   dielectrics.

                                   Platypod

   Plat"y*pod  (?),  n. [Platy + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal having broad
   feet, or a broad foot.

                                   Platypoda

   Pla*typ"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Prosobranchiata.

                                  Platyptera

   Pla*typ"te*ra  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   Pseudoneuroptera  including  the  species  which have four broad, flat
   wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the stone flies (Perla).

                                   Platypus

   Plat"y*pus  (?),  n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The duck mole. See under
   Duck.

                                  Platyrhine

   Plat"y*rhine  (?),  a.  [Platy + Gr. (Anat.) Having the nose broad; --
   opposed to leptorhine. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Platyrhini.

                                  Platyrhini

   Plat`y*rhi"ni  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   monkeys,  including  the  American  species,  which have a broad nasal
   septum,  thirty-six  teeth, and usually a prehensile tail. See Monkey.
   [Written also Platyrrhini.]

                                     Plaud

   Plaud (?), v. t. To applaud. [Obs.] Chapman.

                                    Plaudit

   Plau"dit  (?),  n.  [From  L. plaudite do ye praise (which was said by
   players  at  the  end  of  a  performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of
   plaudere.  Cf.  Plausible.]  A  mark or expression of applause; praise
   bestowed.

     Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng. Longfellow.

   Syn.  --  Acclamation;  applause; encomium; commendation; approbation;
   approval.

                                  Plauditory

   Plau"di*to*ry (?), a. Applauding; commending.

                                 Plausibility

   Plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plausibilit\'82.]

   1. Something worthy of praise. [Obs.]

     Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities. E. Vaughan.

   2. The quality of being plausible; speciousness.

     To give any plausibility to a scheme. De Quincey.

   3. Anything plausible or specious. R. Browning.

                                   Plausible

   Plau"si*ble  (?),  a.  [L.  plausibilis  praiseworthy,  from plaudere,
   plausum, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.]

   1. Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready. [Obs.]
   Bp. Hacket.

   2.  Obtaining  approbation;  specifically  pleasing; apparently right;
   specious;  as,  a  plausible  pretext;  plausible manners; a plausible
   delusion. "Plausible and popular arguments." Clarendon.

   3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a plausible speaker. <--
   4  appearing worthy of belief [MW10]. Now the most common sense, and a
   good  sense,  rather  than  the  traditional  bad  sense.  --> Syn. --
   Plausible,  Specious.  Plausible  denotes that which seems reasonable,
   yet  leaves  distrust  in  the judgment. Specious describes that which
   presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers something false.
   Specious  refers  more  definitely  to  the  act  or  purpose of false
   representation;  plausible  has  more  reference  to the effect on the
   beholder  or  hearer.  An  argument  may  by  specious  when it is not
   plausible because its sophistry is so easily discovered.

                                 Plausibleize

   Plau"si*ble*ize (?), v. t. To render plausible. [R.]

                                 Plausibleness

   Plau"si*ble*ness, n. Quality of being plausible.

                                   Plausibly

   Plau"si*bly, adv.

   1. In a plausible manner.

   2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.]

     The Romans plausibly did give consent. Shak.

                                   Plausive

   Plau"sive (?), a. [L. plaudere, plausum, to applaud.]

   1. Applauding; manifesting praise. Young.

   2. Plausible, specious. [Obs.] Shak.

                                     Play

   Play  (?),  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Played (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Playing.]
   [OE.  pleien,  AS. plegian, plegan, to play, akin to plega play, game,
   quick motion, and probably to OS. plegan to promise, pledge, D. plegen
   to  care  for,  attend  to,  be  wont,  G. pflegen; of unknown origin.
   &root;28. Cf. Plight, n.]

   1.  To  engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake
   of amusement; to frolic; to spot.

     As Cannace was playing in her walk. Chaucer.

     The  lamb  thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would
     he skip and play! Pope.

     And  some,  the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame
     and sword. Keble.

   2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless.

     "Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to pleye." Chaucer.

     Men are apt to play with their healths. Sir W. Temple.

   3.  To  contend,  or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to
   gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes.

   4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute.

     One that . . . can play well on an instrument. Ezek. xxxiii. 32.

     Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. Granville.

   5. To act; to behave; to practice deception.

     His mother played false with a smith. Shak.

   6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate
   or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain plays.

     The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play. Cheyne.

   7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport.

     Even as the waving sedges play with wind. Shak.

     The  setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets.
     Addison.

     All  fame  is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but
     comes not to the heart. Pope.

   8. To act on the stage; to personate a character.

     A lord will hear your play to-night. Shak.

     Courts are theaters where some men play. Donne.

   To  play  into  a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his
   advantage or benefit. -- To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice
   artifice. -- To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive.

     Art  thou  alive?  Or  is  it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight.
     Shak.

   (b)  To  use  in  a  droll  manner;  to  give  a  droll  expression or
   application to; as, to play upon words. <-- play around -->

                                     Play

   Play, v. t.

   1.   To   put  in  action  or  motion;  as,  to  play  cannon  upon  a
   fortification; to play a trump.

     First  Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the
     soul. Herbert.

   2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ.

   3.  To  perform,  as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a
   waltz on the violin.

   4.  To  bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to
   execute; as, to play tricks.

     Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin
     fancies. Milton.

   5.  To  act  or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to
   play  a  comedy;  also,  to  act  in the character of; to represent by
   acting;  to  simulate;  to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play
   the woman.

     Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt. Sir W. Scott.

   6.  To  engage  in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or
   for a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball.

   7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it.
   To  play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off
   tricks.   --   To   play   one's  cards,  to  manage  one's  means  or
   opportunities;  to  contrive.  -- Played out, tired out; exhausted; at
   the end of one's resources. [Colloq.]

                                     Play

   Play, n.

   1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.

   2.  Any  exercise,  or  series  of  actions, intended for amusement or
   diversion; a game.

     John naturally loved rough play. Arbuthnot.

   3.  The  act  or  practice  of contending for victory, amusement, or a
   prize,  as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune
   in play.

   4.  Action;  use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword
   play; a play of wit. "The next who comes in play." Dryden.

   5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which
   characters are represented by dialogue and action.

     A play ought to be a just image of human nature. Dryden.

   6.  The  representation  or  exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he
   attends ever play.

   7. Performance on an instrument of music.

   8.  Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or
   piston;  hence,  also, room for motion; free and easy action. "To give
   them play, front and rear." Milton.

     The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play
     between them. Moxon.

   9.  Hence,  liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope;
   as, to give full play to mirth.
   Play actor, an actor of dramas. Prynne. -- Play debt, a gambling debt.
   Arbuthnot.  --  Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. -- A play
   upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double
   meaning; punning. -- Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors. --
   To  bring  into  play, To come into play, to bring or come into use or
   exercise.  --  To  hold  in play, to keep occupied or employed. <-- in
   play.  (a)  (baseball,  football)  [of  a ball] to still be subject to
   action so as to affect the game, true as long as the specific play has
   not  been  completed.  Opposite  of  out  of  play, out of bounds. (b)
   (Corporate   Finance)  subject  to  acquisition  or  merger;  said  of
   companies  which  have  been  discussed  as  potential acquisitions by
   potentially acquiring companies. -->

     I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play. Macaulay.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1098

                                     Playa

   Pla"ya  (?),  n. [Sp.] A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of
   Texas,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona,  a  broad,  level  spot,  on which
   subsequently becomes dry by evaporation. Bartlett.

                                   Playbill

   Play"bill`  (?),  n.  A  printed  programme  of a play, with the parts
   assigned to the actors.

                                   Playbook

   Play"book`  (?),  n.  A  book  of dramatic compositions; a book of the
   play. Swift.

                                    Playday

   Play"day` (?), n. A day given to play or diversion; a holiday. Swift.

                                    Player

   Play"er (?), n.

   1.  One  who  plays,  or  amuses himself; one without serious aims; an
   idler; a trifler. Shak.

   2. One who plays any game.

   3. A dramatic actor. Shak.

   4.  One  who  plays  on an instrument of music. "A cunning player on a
   harp." 1 Sam. xvi. 16.

   5. A gamester; a gambler.

                                  Playfellow

   Play"fel`low  (?), n. A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate.
   Shak.

                                   Playfere

   Play"fere`  (?),  n.  [Play  +  1st fere.] A playfellow. [Obs.] [Also,
   playfeer, playphere.] Holinsheld.

                                    Playful

   Play"ful (?), a. Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive
   fancy;  humorous;  merry;  as,  a  playful child; a playful writer. --
   Play"ful*ly, adv. -- Play"ful*ness, n.

                                   Playgame

   Play"game` (?), n. Play of children. Locke.

                                   Playgoer

   Play"go`er  (?),  n. One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic
   performances.

                                   Playgoing

   Play"go`ing,  a.  Frequenting playhouses; as, the playgoing public. --
   n. The practice of going to plays.

                                  Playground

   Play"ground`  (?),  n.  A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the
   playground of a school.

                                   Playhouse

   Play"house` (?), n. [AS. plegh&umac;s.]

   1. A building used for dramatic exhibitions; a theater. Shak.

   2. A house for children to play in; a toyhouse.

                                    Playing

   Play"ing, a. & vb. n. of Play. Playing cards. See under Card.

                                   Playmaker

   Play"mak`er (?), n. A playwright. [R.]

                                   Playmate

   Play"mate` (?), n. A companion in diversions; a playfellow.

                                   Playsome

   Play"some  (?),  a.  Playful;  wanton;  sportive. [R.] R. Browning. --
   Play"some*ness, n. [R.]

                                    Playte

   Playte (?), n. (Naut.) See Pleyt.

                                   Plaything

   Play"thing`  (?), n. A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves
   to amuse.

     A  child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little
     more advanced age. Locke.

                                   Playtime

   Play"time` (?), n. Time for play or diversion.

                                  Playwright

   Play"wright` (?), n. A maker or adapter of plays.

                                  Playwriter

   Play"writ`er  (?),  n.  A  writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright.
   Lecky.

                                     Plaza

   Pla"za (?), n. [Sp. See Place.] A public square in a city or town.

                                     Plea

   Plea  (?),  n. [OE. plee, plai, plait, fr. OF. plait, plaid, plet, LL.
   placitum  judgment,  decision,  assembly,  court, fr. L. placitum that
   which  is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from placere to please. See
   Please, and cf. Placit, Plead.]

   1.  (Law) That which is alleged by a party in support of his cause; in
   a  stricter  sense, an allegation of fact in a cause, as distinguished
   from  a  demurrer;  in  a  still  more  limited  sense,  and in modern
   practice,  the  defendant's  answer to the plaintiff's declaration and
   demand.  That  which  the  plaintiff  alleges  in  his  declaration is
   answered  and  repelled  or  justified  by  the  defendant's  plea. In
   chancery  practice, a plea is a special answer showing or relying upon
   one or more things as a cause why the suit should be either dismissed,
   delayed,  or barred. In criminal practice, the plea is the defendant's
   formal answer to the indictment or information presented against him.

   2.  (Law)  A cause in court; a lawsuit; as, the Court of Common Pleas.
   See under Common.

     The  Supreme  Judicial  Court  shall have cognizance of pleas real,
     personal, and mixed. Laws of Massachusetts.

   3.  That  which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification;
   an excuse; an apology. "Necessity, the tyrant's plea." Milton.

     No plea must serve; 't is cruelty to spare. Denham.

   4. An urgent prayer or entreaty.
   Pleas of the crown (Eng. Law), criminal actions.

                                    Pleach

   Pleach  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pleached  (;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Pleaching.]  [Cf. OF. plaissier to bend, and also F. plisser to plait,
   L.  plicare,  plicitum,  to  fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. Plash to
   pleach.]  To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to
   interlock. "The pleached bower." Shak.

                                     Plead

   Plead (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleaded (colloq. Plead (?) or Pled); p.
   pr.  &  vb.  n.  Pleading.]  [OE.  pleden,  plaiden,  OF. plaidier, F.
   plaider, fr. LL. placitare, fr. placitum. See Plea.]

   1.  To argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of
   another;  to  urge  reasons  for  or  against  a  thing; to attempt to
   persuade  one  by  argument  or  supplication;  to  speak  by  way  of
   persuasion;  as,  to plead for the life of a criminal; to plead with a
   judge or with a father.

     O  that  one  might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for
     his neighbor! Job xvi. 21.

   2.  (Law)  To  present  an  answer,  by  allegation  of  fact,  to the
   declaration  of  a  plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and
   demand, or to allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the
   suit;  in  a  less  strict  sense,  to make an allegation of fact in a
   cause;  to  carry  on  the  allegations of the respective parties in a
   cause; to carry on a suit or plea. Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.

   3. To contend; to struggle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Plead

   Plead (?), v. t.

   1. To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons
   presented  to  a  tribunal  or person having uthority to determine; to
   argue at the bar; as, to plead a cause before a court or jury.

     Every man should plead his own matter. Sir T. More.

     NOTE: &hand; In  th is se nse, ar gue is  mo re ge nerally us ed by
     lawyers.

   2.  To  allege  or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a
   demand  in  law;  to  answer  to an indictment; as, to plead usury; to
   plead statute of limitations; to plead not guilty. Kent.

   3.  To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in
   excuse;  as,  the law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights
   of ambassadors. Spenser.

     I  will  neither  plead  my  age nor sickness, in excuse of faults.
     Dryden.

                                   Pleadable

   Plead"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged
   in  proof, defense, or vindication; as, a right or privilege pleadable
   at law. Dryden.

                                    Pleader

   Plead"er (?), n. [F. plaideur.]

   1. One who pleads; one who argues for or against; an advotate.

     So fair a pleader any cause may gain. Dryden.

   2.  (Law) One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or
   pleadings in the widest sense; as, a special pleader.

                                   Pleading

   Plead"ing, n. The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause
   by arguments.

                                  Pleadingly

   Plead"ing*ly, adv. In a pleading manner.

                                   Pleadings

   Plead"ings  (?),  n.  pl.  (Law)  The  mutual pleas and replies of the
   plaintiff  and  defendant,  or  written  statements  of the parties in
   support  of  their  claims,  proceeding  from  the  declaration of the
   plaintiff,  until  issue  is  joined, and the question made to rest on
   some single point. Blackstone.

                                   Pleasance

   Pleas"ance (?), n. [F. plaisance. See Please.]

   1.  Pleasure;  merriment;  gayety;  delight; kindness. [Archaic] Shak.
   "Full great pleasance." Chaucer. "A realm of pleasance." Tennyson.

   2. A secluded part of a garden. [Archaic]

     The pleasances of old Elizabethan houses. Ruskin.

                                   Pleasant

   Pleas"ant (?), a. [F. plaisant. See Please.]

   1.  Pleasing;  grateful to the mind or to the senses; agreeable; as, a
   pleasant journey; pleasant weather.

     Behold,  how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together
     in unity! Ps. cxxxiii. 1.

   2.  Cheerful;  enlivening;  gay;  sprightly;  humorous;  sportive; as,
   pleasant company; a pleasant fellow.

     From grave to light, from pleasant to serve. Dryden.

   Syn.  --  Pleasing;  gratifying;  agreeable;  cheerful;  good-humored;
   enlivening;  gay;  lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing;
   witty.  -- Pleasant, Pleasing, Agreeable. Agreeable is applied to that
   which  agrees  with,  or  is in harmony with, one's tastes, character,
   etc.  Pleasant and pleasing denote a stronger degree of the agreeable.
   Pleasant refers rather to the state or condition; pleasing, to the act
   or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, pleasing is more
   energetic  than  pleasant;  as,  she  is  always  pleasant  and always
   pleasing.  The  distinction,  however,  is not radical and not rightly
   observed.

                                   Pleasant

   Pleas"ant, n. A wit; a humorist; a buffoon. [Obs.]

                                  Pleasantly

   Pleas"ant*ly, adv. In a pleasant manner.

                                 Pleasantness

   Pleas"ant*ness, n. The state or quality of being pleasant.

                                  Pleasantry

   Pleas"ant*ry  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pleasantries  (#). [F. plaisanterie. See
   Pleasant.]  That  which  denotes  or  promotes pleasure or good humor;
   cheerfulness;  gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness
   in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage.

     The  grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in repartees and points
     of wit. Addison.

     The  keen  observation and ironical pleasantry of a finished man of
     the world. Macaulay.

                               Pleasant-tongued

   Pleas"ant-tongued` (?), a. Of pleasing speech.

                                    Please

   Please  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Pleased; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasing.]
   [OE.  plesen,  OF.  plaisir,  fr.  L.  placere,  akin  to  placare  to
   reconcile. Cf. Complacent, Placable, Placid, Plea, Plead, Pleasure.]

   1. To give pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions in;
   to make glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy.

     I pray to God that it may plesen you. Chaucer.

     What next I bring shall please thee, be assured. Milton.

   2.  To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire;
   to will.

     Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he. Ps. cxxxv. 6.

     A  man  doing  as  he  wills, and doing as he pleases, are the same
     things in common speech. J. Edwards.

   3.  To  be  the  will  or  pleasure  of;  to  seem  good  to;  -- used
   impersonally.  "It  pleased the Father that in him should all fullness
   dwell." Col. i. 19.

     To-morrow, may it please you. Shak.

   To be pleased in OR with, to have complacency in; to take pleasure in.
   --  To be pleased to do a thing, to take pleasure in doing it; to have
   the will to do it; to think proper to do it. Dryden.

                                    Please

   Please (?), v. i.

   1. To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable emotions.

     What pleasing scemed, for her now pleases more. Milton.

     For we that live to please, must please to live. Johnson.

   2.  To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure
   or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent.

     Heavenly stranger, please to taste These bounties. Milton.

     That he would please 8give me my liberty. Swift.

                                    Pleased

   Pleased  (?),  a.  Experiencing  pleasure. -- Pleas"ed*ly (#), adv. --
   Pleas"ed*ness, n.

                                   Pleaseman

   Please"man  (?),  n. An officious person who courts favor servilely; a
   pickthank. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Pleaser

   Pleas"er (?), n. One who pleases or gratifies.

                                   Pleasing

   Pleas"ing,  a.  Giving  pleasure  or  satisfaction;  causing agreeable
   emotion;  agreeable;  delightful;  as,  a  pleasing prospect; pleasing
   manners.  "Pleasing  harmony." Shak. "Pleasing features." Macaulay. --
   Pleas"ing*ly,   adv.   --   Pleas"ing*ness,  n.  Syn.  --  Gratifying;
   delightful; agreeable. See Pleasant.

                                   Pleasing

   Pleas"ing, n. An object of pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Pleasurable

   Pleas"ur*a*ble  (?), a. Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction;
   gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry.

     Planting of orchards is very . . . pleasurable. Bacon.

     O, sir, you are very pleasurable. B. Jonson.

   -- Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv.

                                   Pleasure

   Pleas"ure (?), n. [F. plaisir, originally an infinitive. See Please.]

   1.  The  gratification  of  the  senses  or  of  the  mind;  agreeable
   sensations  or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced
   by  the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or
   satisfying; -- opposed to pain, sorrow, etc.

     At thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. Ps. xvi. 11.

   2.   Amusement;   sport;   diversion;  self-indulgence;  frivolous  or
   dissipating  enjoyment;  hence,  sensual  gratification; -- opposed to
   labor, service, duty, self-denial, etc. "Not sunk in carnal pleasure."
   Milton.

     He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man. Prov. xxi. 17.

     Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God. 2 Tim. iii. 4.

   3.  What  the  will  dictates  or prefers as gratifying or satisfying;
   hence,  will;  choice;  wish;  purpose.  "He  will  do his pleasure on
   Babylon." Isa. xlviii. 14.

     Use  your  pleasure;  if your love do not presuade you to come, let
     not my letter. Shak.

   4. That which pleases; a favor; a gratification. Shak.

     Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure Acts xxv. 9.

   At  pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice. Dryden. -- To take pleasure
   in, to have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11.

     NOTE: &hand; Pl easure is  used adjectively, or in the formation of
     self-explaining  compounds;  as,  pleasure  boat,  pleasure ground;
     pleasure house, etc.

   Syn.  -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy;
   gladness;  delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor;
   kindness.

                                   Pleasure

   Pleas"ure,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pleasured  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pleasuring.]  To  give  or  afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify.
   Shak.

     [Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith. Tennyson.

                                   Pleasure

   Pleas"ure,  v. i. To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go
   pleasuring.

                                  Pleasureful

   Pleas"ure*ful (?), a. Affording pleasure. [R.]

                                 Pleasureless

   Pleas"ure*less, a. Devoid of pleasure. G. Eliot.

                                   Pleasurer

   Pleas"ur*er (?), n. A pleasure seeker. Dickens.

                                  Pleasurist

   Pleas"ur*ist,  n.  A  person  devoted to worldly pleasure. [R.] Sir T.
   Browne.

                                     Pleat

   Pleat (?), n. & v. t. See Plait.

                                     Plebe

   Plebe (?), n. [F. pl\'8abe, fr. L. plebs.]

   1. The common people; the mob. [Obs.]

     The plebe with thirst and fury prest. Sylvester.

   2.  [Cf.  Plebeian.]  A  member  of  the  lowest class in the military
   academy at West Point. [Cant, U.S.]

                                   Plebeian

   Ple*be"ian  (?),  a.  [L.  plebeius,  from  plebs,  plebis, the common
   people: cf. F. pl\'82b\'82ien.]

   1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs, or common people.

   2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as, plebeian
   sports; a plebeian throng.

                                   Plebeian

   Ple*be"ian, n.

   1.  One of the plebs, or common people of ancient Rome, in distinction
   from patrician.

   2. One of the common people, or lower rank of men.

                                  Plebeiance

   Ple*be"iance (?), n.

   1. Plebeianism. [Obs.]

   2. Plebeians, collectively. [Obs.]

                                  Plebeianism

   Ple*be"ian*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pl\'82b\'82ianisme.]

   1. The quality or state of being plebeian.

   2. The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.

                                  Plebeianize

   Ple*be"ian*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plebeianized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Plebeianizing.] To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.

                                  Plebicolist

   Ple*bic"o*list  (?),  n.  [L.  plebs  the  common  people  + colere to
   cultivate.]  One  who  flatters,  or  courts  the favor of, the common
   people; a demagogue. [R.]

                                 Plebification

   Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion  (?),  n.  [L. plebs the common people + -ficare (in
   comp.)   to   make.  See  -fy.]  A  rendering  plebeian;  the  act  of
   vulgarizing. [R.]

     You  begin  with  the  attempt to popularize learning . . . but you
     will end in the plebification of knowledge. Coleridge.

                                 Plebiscitary

   Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to plebiscite. The Century.

                                  Plebiscite

   Pleb"i*scite (?), n. [F. pl\'82biscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.] A vote by
   universal  male  suffrage;  especially,  in France, a popular vote, as
   first  sanctioned  by the National Constitution of 1791. [Written also
   plebiscit.]

     Plebiscite  we  have lately taken, in popular use, from the French.
     Fitzed. Hall.

                                  Plebiscitum

   Ple`bis*ci"tum  (?), n. [L., fr. plebs, plebis, common people + scitum
   decree.]  (Rom.  Antiq.) A law enacted by the common people, under the
   superintendence  of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate,
   without the intervention of the senate.

                                   Plectile

   Plec"tile  (?),  a.  [L.  plectilis.]  Woven;  plaited.  [Obs.] Sir T.
   Browne.
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   Page 1099

                                  Plectognath

   Plec"tog*nath (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.
   -- n. One of the Plectognathi.

                                 Plectognathi

   Plec*to"gna*thi  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   fishes   generally   having   the   maxillary  bone  united  with  the
   premaxillary, and the articular united with the dentary.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e up per ja w is immovably joined to the skull; the
     ventral  fins  are  rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered
     with  bony  plates, spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen.
     The  order  includes  the  diodons,  filefishes,  globefishes,  and
     trunkfishes.

                        Plectognathic, Plec-tognathous

   Plec`tog*nath"ic  (?),  Plec-tog"na*thous  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Of or
   pertaining to the Plectognathi.

                                Plectospondyli

   Plec`to*spon"dy*li  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive
   suborder  of  fresh-water  physostomous  fishes  having  the  anterior
   vertebr\'91 united and much modified; the Eventognathi.

                               Plectospondylous

   Plec`to*spon"dy*lous  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Of  or  pertaining  to the
   Plectospondyli.

                                   Plectrum

   Plec"trum  (?), n.; pl. L. Plectra (#), E. Plectrums (#). [L., fr. Gr.
   A  small  instrument  of ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in playing
   upon the lyre and other stringed instruments.

                                     Pled

   Pled (?), imp. & p. p. of Plead [Colloq.] Spenser.

                                    Pledge

   Pledge  (?),  n.  [OF.  plege,  pleige, pledge, guaranty, LL. plegium,
   plivium; akin to OF. plevir to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L. praebere
   to  proffer, offer (sc. fidem a trust, a promise of security), but cf.
   also E. play. &root;28. Cf. Prebend, Replevin.]

   1. (Law) The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor
   to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract
   created  between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered
   or  deposited,  forming  a species of bailment; also, that which is so
   delivered or deposited; something put in pawn.

     NOTE: &hand; Pl edge is  or dinarily confined to personal property;
     the title or ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential
     to  it.  In  all  these  points  it  differs  from  a mortgage [see
     Mortgage];  and  in  the last, from the hypotheca of the Roman law.
     See Hypotheca.

   Story. Kent.

   2.  (Old  Eng. Law) A person who undertook, or became responsible, for
   another; a bail; a surety; a hostage. "I am Grumio's pledge." Shak.

   3. A hypothecation without transfer of possession.

   4.  Anything  given or considered as a security for the performance of
   an  act;  a  guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the
   performance of treaties. "That voice, their liveliest pledge of hope."
   Milton.

   5.  A  promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to
   refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing
   to  refrain  from  using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign
   the  pledge;  the  mayor  had  made  no pledges. <-- esp. in "take the
   pledge" -->

   6.  A  sentiment  to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a
   toast; a health.
   Dead  pledge. [A translation of LL. mortuum vadium.] (Law) A mortgage.
   See  Mortgage.  -- Living pledge. [A translation of LL. vivum vadium.]
   (Law) The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be
   held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits. -- To
   hold  in pledge, to keep as security. -- To put in pledge, to pawn; to
   give as security. Syn. -- See Earnest.

                                    Pledge

   Pledge,  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Pledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pledging.]
   [Cf. OF. pleiger to give security. See Pledge, n.]

   1. To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession
   of another as security; as, to pledge one's watch.

   2.  To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight;
   as, to pledge one's word and honor.

     We  mutually  pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our
     sacred honor. The Declaration of Independence.

   3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge. [Obs.]

     To pledge my vow, I give my hand. Shak.

   4.  To  bind  or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly;
   as, to pledge one's self.

   5.  To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then
   handing  it  to  him,  as  a  pledge of good will; hence, to drink the
   health of; to toast.

     Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise. Cowley.

                                    Pledgee

   Pledg*ee"  (?),  n.  The  one  to  whom  a pledge is given, or to whom
   property pledged is delivered.

                                  Pledgeless

   Pledge"less (?), a. Having no pledge.

                               Pledgeor, Pledgor

   Pledge*or",  Pledg*or"  (?),  n.  (Law)  One  who pledges, or delivers
   anything in pledge; a pledger; -- opposed to pledgee.

     NOTE: &hand; This word analogically requires the e after g, but the
     spelling pledgor is perhaps commoner.

                                    Pledger

   Pledg"er (?), n. One who pledges.

                                   Pledgery

   Pledg"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. pleigerie.] A pledging; suretyship. [Obs.]

                                    Pledget

   Pledg"et (?), n. [Prov. E., a small plug.]

   1. A small plug. [Prov. End.]

   2. (Naut.) A string of oakum used in calking.

   3.  (Med.)  A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound,
   ulcer,  or  the  like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the
   matter discharged.

                                   Plegepoda

   Ple*gep"o*da  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL., from Gr. (-poda. In allusion to the
   rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Infusoria.

                                    Plelad

   Ple"lad (?), n. One of the Pleiades.

                                   Pleiades

   Ple"ia*des (?; 277), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. (

   1.  (Myth.) The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled
   to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.

   2.  (Astron.)  A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation
   Taurus. Job xxxviii. 31.

     NOTE: &hand; Al cyone, th e brightest of these, a star of the third
     magnitude,  was  considered  by  M\'84dler the central point around
     which  our  universe  is  revolving,  but  there  is  no sufficient
     evidence of such motion. Only six pleiads are distinctly visible to
     the  naked  eye,  whence  the  ancients  supposed that a sister had
     concealed herself out of shame for having loved a mortal, Sisyphus.

                                     Plein

   Plein (?), a. Plan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Plein

   Plein, v. i. & t. To complain. See Plain. [Obs.]

                                     Plein

   Plein,  a.  [OF.  &  F., fr. L. plenus.] Full; complete. [Obs.] "Plein
   remission." Chaucer. -- Plein"ly, adv.

                                   Pleiocene

   Plei"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) See Pliocene.

                                 Pleiophyllous

   Plei*oph"yl*lous  (?),  a.  [Gr. (Bot.) Having several leaves; -- used
   especially when several leaves or leaflets appear where normally there
   should be only one.

                                  Pleiosaurus

   Plei`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pliosaurus.

                                  Pleistocene

   Pleis"to*cene  (?),  a. [Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the epoch, or
   the  deposits,  following the Tertiary, and immediately preceding man.
   -- n. The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.

                                    Plenal

   Ple"nal  (?),  a. [L. plenus full. Cf. Plenary.] Full; complete; as, a
   plenal view or act. [Obs.]

                                   Plenarily

   Ple"na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a plenary manner.

                                  Plenariness

   Ple"na*ri*ness, n. Quality or state of being plenary.

                                   Plenarty

   Plen"ar*ty (?), n. The state of a benefice when occupied. Blackstone.

                                    Plenary

   Ple"na*ry  (?),  a.  [LL.  plenarius, fr. L. plenus full. See Plenty.]
   Full;  entire;  complete;  absolute;  as,  a  plenary license; plenary
   authority.

     A treatise on a subject should be plenary or full. I. Watts.

   Plenary  indulgence  (R.  C.  Ch.),  an  entire  remission of temporal
   punishment  due  to,  or  canonical  penance for, all sins. -- Plenary
   inspiration. (Theol.) See under Inspiration.

                                    Plenary

   Ple"na*ry, n. (Law) Decisive procedure. [Obs.]

                                     Plene

   Plene (?), \'91. [L. plenus full.] Full; complete; plenary. [Obs.]

                                   Plenicorn

   Ple"ni*corn  (?),  n.  [L.  plenus  full  +  cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   ruminant having solid horns or antlers, as the deer. Brande & C.

                                  Plenilunary

   Plen`i*lu"na*ry  (?), a. Of or pertaining to the full moon. [Obs.] Sir
   T. Browne.

                                   Plenilune

   Plen"i*lune (?), n. [L. plenilunium; plenus full + luna the moon.] The
   full moon. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

                          Plenipotence, Plenipotency

   Ple*nip"o*tence  (?), Ple*nip"o*ten*cy (?), n. The quality or state of
   being plenipotent. [R.]

                                  Plenipotent

   Ple*nip"o*tent  (?),  a.  [L.  plenus  full + potens, -entis, potent.]
   Possessing full power. [R.] Milton.

                                Plenipotentiary

   Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry   (?),   n.;  pl.  Plenipotentiaries  (#).  [LL.
   plenipotentiarius: cf. F. pl\'82nipotentiaire.] A person invested with
   full  power  to  transact  any  business; especially, an ambassador or
   envoy to a foreign court, with full power to negotiate a treaty, or to
   transact other business.

                                Plenipotentiary

   Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry,   a.   Containing  or  conferring  full  power;
   invested with full power; as, plenipotentiary license; plenipotentiary
   ministers. Howell.

                                    Plenish

   Plen"ish (?), v. t. [See Replenish.]

   1. To replenish. [Obs.] T. Reeve.

   2. To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm. [Scot.]

                                  Plenishing

   Plen"ish*ing, n. Household furniture; stock. [Scot.]

                                    Plenist

   Ple"nist  (?),  n. [L. plenus full; cf. F. pl\'82niste.] One who holds
   that all space is full of matter.

                                   Plenitude

   Plen"i*tude (?), n. [L. plenitudo, fr. plenus full; cf. F. plenitude.]

   1.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  full  or  complete;  fullness;
   completeness; abundance; as, the plenitude of space or power.

   2. Animal fullness; repletion; plethora. [Obs.]

                                Plenitudinarian

   Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. A plenist.

                                 Plenitudinary

   Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough.
   [Obs.]

                                   Plenteous

   Plen"te*ous (?), a. [From Plenty.]

   1.  Containing  plenty;  abundant;  copious; plentiful; sufficient for
   every  purpose;  as,  a  plenteous  supply.  "Reaping plenteous crop."
   Milton.

   2.  Yielding  abundance;  productive;  fruitful.  "The seven plenteous
   years." Gen. xli. 34.

   3. Having plenty; abounding; rich.

     The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. Deut. xxviii. 11.

   Syn.  --  Plentiful; copious; full. See Ample. -- Plen"te*ous*ly, adv.
   -- Plen"te*ous*ness, n.

                                  Plentevous

   Plen"te*vous (?), a. Plenteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Plentiful

   Plen"ti*ful (?), a.

   1.  Containing  plenty;  copious;  abundant;  ample;  as,  a plentiful
   harvest; a plentiful supply of water.

   2. Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful.

     If  it  be  a  long  winter,  it is commonly a more plentiful year.
     Bacon.

   3. Lavish; profuse; prodigal. [Obs.]

     He  that  is  plentiful  in  expenses will hardly be preserved from
     Bacon.

   -- Plen"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Plen"ti*ful*ness, n.

                                    Plenty

   Plen"ty  (?), n.; pl. Plenties (#), in Shak. [OE. plentee, plente, OF.
   plent\'82,  fr.  L.  plenitas,  fr. plenus full. See Full, a., and cf.
   Complete.]  Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency;
   specifically,  abundant  productiveness of the earth; ample supply for
   human  wants;  abundance; copiousness. "Plenty of corn and wine." Gen.
   xxvii. 28. "Promises Britain peace and plenty." Shak.

     Houses of office stuffed with plentee. Chaucer.

     The  teeming  clouds  Descend  in  gladsome  plenty o'er the world.
     Thomson.

   Syn. -- Abundance; exuberance. See Abundance.

                                    Plenty

   Plen"ty, a. Plentiful; abundant. [Obs. or Colloq.]

     If reasons were as plenty as blackberries. Shak. (Folio ed.)

     Those countries where shrubs are plenty. Goldsmith.

                                    Plenum

   Ple"num  (?), n. [L., fr. plenus full.] That state in which every part
   of  space  is  supposed to be full of matter; -- opposed to vacuum. G.
   Francis.

                                  Pleochroic

   Ple`o*chro"ic (?), a. Having the property of pleochroism.

                                  Pleochroism

   Ple*och"ro*ism  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Crystallog.) The property possessed by
   some  crystals,  of  showing  different  colors  when  viewed  in  the
   direction of different axes.

                                 Pleochromatic

   Ple*och`ro*mat"ic (?), a. Pleochroic.

                                Pleochromatism

   Ple`o*chro"ma*tism (?), n. Pleochroism.

                                  Pleochroous

   Ple*och"ro*ous (?), a. Pleochroic.

                                  Pleomorphic

   Ple`o*mor"phic (?), a. Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the pleomorphic
   character of bacteria.

                                 Pleomorphism

   Ple`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr.

   1.  (Crystallog.)  The  property  of  crystallizing  under two or more
   distinct fundamental forms, including dimorphism and trimorphism.

   2.  (Biol.)  The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases
   or  variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which
   may  exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the
   forms   characteristic   of   the  different  genera  and  species.<--
   thoroughly  discredited,  except for a few apparent examples of such a
   phenomenon. -->

                                 Pleomorphous

   Ple`o*mor"phous (?), a. Having the property of pleomorphism.

                                   Pleonasm

   Ple"o*nasm,  (  n. [L. pleonasmus, Gr. Full, a., and cf. Poly-, Plus.]
   (Rhet.) Redundancy of language in speaking or writing; the use of more
   words than are necessary to express the idea; as, I saw it with my own
   eyes.

                                   Pleonast

   Ple"o*nast (?), n. One who is addicted to pleonasm. [R.] C. Reade.

                                   Pleonaste

   Ple"o*naste, n. [Gr.pl\'82onaste.] (Min.) A black variety of spinel.

                           Pleonastic, Pleonastical

   Ple`o*nas"tic  (?), Ple`o*nas"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pl\'82onastique.]
   Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm; redundant.

                                Pleonastically

   Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pleonastic manner.

                                    Pleopod

   Ple"o*pod  (?),  n.; pl. E. Pleopods (#), L. Pleopoda (#). [Gr. -pod.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the  abdominal  legs of a crustacean. See Illust.
   under Crustacea.

                                    Plerome

   Ple"rome  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Bot.) The central column of parenchyma in a
   growing stem or root.

                                  Plerophory

   Ple*roph"o*ry (?), n. [Gr. Fullness; full persuasion. "A plerophory of
   assurance." Bp. Hall.

                                   Plesance

   Ples"ance (?), n. Pleasance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Plesh

   Plesh (?), n. A pool; a plash. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                 Plesimorphism

   Ple`si*mor"phism  (?), n. [Gr. (Crystallog.) The property possessed by
   some substances of crystallizing in closely similar forms while unlike
   in chemical composition.

                                Plesiomorphous

   Ple`si*o*mor"phous (?), a. Nearly alike in form.

                                  Plesiosaur

   Ple"si*o*saur (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Plesiosauria.

                                 Plesiosauria

   Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL. See Plesiosaurus.] (Paleon.) An
   extinct  order  of  Mesozoic  marine  reptiles  including  the  genera
   Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also Sauropterygia.

                                 Plesiosaurian

   Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an (?), n. (Paleon.) A plesiosaur.

                                 Plesiosaurus

   Ple`si*o*sau"rus  (?), n.; pl. Plesiosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr (Paleon.)
   A  genus  of large extinct marine reptiles, having a very long neck, a
   small head, and paddles for swimming. It lived in the Mesozoic age.

                                  Plessimeter

   Ples*sim"e*ter (?), n. See Pleximeter.

                                     Plete

   Plete (?), v. t. & i. To plead. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

                                   Plethora

   Pleth"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pleonasm.]

   1.  Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood vessels;
   repletion;  that  state of the blood vessels or of the system when the
   blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyper\'91mia; -- opposed
   to an\'91mia.

   2. State of being overfull; excess; superabundance.

     He labors under a plethora of wit and imagination. Jeffrey.

                                  Plethoretic

   Pleth`o*ret"ic (?), a. Plethoric. [Obs.] Johnson.

                                   Plethoric

   Ple*thor"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  pl\'82thorique.]  Haeving a full habit of
   body;  characterized  by  plethora or excess of blood; as, a plethoric
   constitution; -- used also metaphorically. "Plethoric phrases." Sydney
   Smith. "Plethoric fullness of thought." De Quincey.

                                  Plethorical

   Ple*thor"ic*al  (?),  a.  Plethoric.  [R.]  -- Ple*thor"ic*al*ly, adv.
   Burke.

                                   Plethory

   Pleth"o*ry (?), n. Plethora. Jer. Taylor.

                              Plethron, Plethrum

   Pleth"ron  (?), Pleth"rum (?), n.; pl. Plethra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr.
   Antiq.)  A  long  measure  of 100 Greek, or 101 English, feet; also, a
   square measure of 10,000 Greek feet.

                                Plethysmograph

   Pleth"ys*mo*graph  (?),  n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for
   determining  and registering the variations in the size or volume of a
   limb,  as  the  arm  or leg, and hence the variations in the amount of
   blood in the limb. -- Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic (#), a. <-- p. 1100 --> <--
   p. 100 -->

                                Plethysmography

   Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy  (?),  n.  (Physiol.)  The  study, by means of the
   plethysmograph,  of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of its
   blood supply.

                                    Pleura

   Pleu"ra (?), n., pl. of Pleuron.

                                    Pleura

   Pleu"ra,  n.; pl. L. Pleur\'91 (#), E. Pleuras (#). [NL., n. fem., fr.
   Gr.

   1.  (Anat.)  (a)  The  smooth serous membrane which closely covers the
   lungs  and  the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane.
   (b)  The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or
   the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleuron.

                                    Pleural

   Pleu"ral  (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleur\'91,
   or to the sides of the thorax.

                                  Pleuralgia

   Pleu*ral"gi*a  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain in the side or region
   of the ribs.

                                Pleurapophysis

   Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis  (?),  n.; pl. Pleurapophyses (#). [NL. See Pleura,
   and Apophysis.] (Anat.) One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, or
   the  dorsal  element  in  each  half  of  a  hemal  arch,  forming, or
   corresponding  to,  a  vertebral  rib. -- Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al (#), a.
   Owen.

                                 Pleurenchyma

   Pleu*ren"chy*ma  (?),  n. [Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.) A tissue consisting
   of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is mainly composed.

                                    Pleuric

   Pleu"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Pleural.

                                   Pleurisy

   Pleu"ri*sy  (?),  n.  [F.  pleur\'82sie,  L.  pleurisis, pleuritis, Gr
   pleyri^tis   (sc.   no`sos),   fr.   pleyra`  rib,  side.]  (Med.)  An
   inflammation  of  the  pleura,  usually  accompanied with fever, pain,
   difficult  respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural
   cavity. Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a) The large tuberous root of a kind of
   milkweed  (Asclepias tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic
   and   other   diseases.   (b)   The   plant  itself,  which  has  deep
   orange-colored flowers; -- called also butterfly weed.

                                   Pleurite

   Pleu"rite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleuron.

                            Pleuritic, Pleuritical

   Pleu*rit"ic   (?),   Pleu*rit"ic*al   (?),  a.  [L.  pleuriticus,  Gr.
   pleur\'82tique.]   (Med.)  (a)  Of  or  pertaining  to  pleurisy;  as,
   pleuritic symptoms. (b) Suffering from pleurisy.

                                   Pleuritis

   Pleu*ri"tis (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Pleurisy.

                                    Pleuro-

   Pleu"ro-  (?).  [See  Pleura.] A combining form denoting relation to a
   side;  specif.,  connection with, or situation in or near, the pleura;
   as, pleuroperitoneum.

                                 Pleurobrachia

   Pleu`ro*brach"i*a  (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Brachium.] (Zo\'94l.)
   A  genus  of  ctenophores  having  an  ovate body and two long plumose
   tentacles.

                                 Pleurobranch

   Pleu"ro*branch (?), n. [See Pleuro-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one
   of  the  gills  of  a  crustacean  that is attached to the side of the
   thorax.

                                Pleurobranchia

   Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a   (?),   n.;   pl.   Pleuroeranchi\'91  (#).  [NL.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pleurobranch.

                                  Pleurocarp

   Pleu"ro*carp (?), n. [Pleuro- + Gr. (Bot.) Any pleurocarpic moss.

                          Pleurocarpic, Pleurocarpous

   Pleu`ro*car"pic  (?), Pleu`ro*car"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Side-fruited; --
   said  of  those  true mosses in which the pedicels or the capsules are
   from lateral archegonia; -- opposed to acrocarpous.

                                 Pleurocentrum

   Pleu`ro*cen"trum  (?),  n. [NL. see Pleuro-, and Centrum.] (Anat.) One
   of  the  lateral  elements  in  the  centra of the vertebr\'91 in some
   fossil batrachians.

                                  Pluroderes

   Plu*rod"e*res  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  group of
   fresh-water  turtles  in  which  the neck can not be retracted, but is
   bent to one side, for protection. The matamata is an example.

                                  Pleurodont

   Pleu"ro*dont   (?),  a.  [Pleuro-  +  Gr.  (Anat.)  Having  the  teeth
   consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw, as in some lizards.

                                  Pleurodont

   Pleu"ro*dont, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.

                                  Pleurodynia

   Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A painful affection of
   the side, simulating pleurisy, usually due to rheumatism.

                                    Pleuron

   Pleu"ron  (?), n.; pl. Pleura (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of
   the  sides  of an animal. (b) One of the lateral pieces of a somite of
   an insect. (c) One of lateral processes of a somite of a crustacean.

                                 Pleuronectoid

   Pleu`ro*nec"toid  (?),  a. [NL. Pleuronectes, name of a genus (fr. Gr.
   -oid.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Pertaining  to  the  Pleuronectid\'91, or Flounder
   family.

                               Pleuropericardial

   Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura
   and pericardium.

                              Pleuroperipneumony

   Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny  (?),  n.  [Pleuro-  +  peripneumony.] (Med.)
   Pleuropneumonia.

                               Pleuroperitoneal

   Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleural
   and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.

                               Pleuroperitoneum

   Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um  (?),  n.  [Pleuro-  + peritoneum.] (Anat.) The
   pleural  and  peritoneal  membranes,  or  the membrane lining the body
   cavity   and  covering  the  surface  of  the  inclosed  viscera;  the
   peritoneum;  --  used especially in the case of those animals in which
   the body cavity is not divided.

     NOTE: &hand; Pe  ritoneum is  no w of ten us ed in  th e se nse of 
     pleuroperitoneum,  the  pleur\'91  being  regarded as a part of the
     peritoneum, when the body cavity is undivided.

                                Pleuropneumonia

   Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a   (?),   n.   [Pleuro-   +   pneumonia.]   (Med.)
   Inflammation  of  the  pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and
   pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of cattle.

                                  Pleuroptera

   Pleu*rop"te*ra  (?),  n.  pl  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  group of
   Isectivora, including the colugo.

                                  Pleurosigma

   Pleu`ro*sig"ma (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Sigma.] (Bot.) A genus of
   diatoms  of  elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides slightly
   curved  in the form of a letter S. Pleurosigma angulatum has very fine
   striations,  and  is  a favorite object for testing the high powers of
   microscopes.

                                  Pleurosteon

   Pleu*ros"te*on  (?), n.; pl. L. Pleurostea (#), E. -ons (#). [NL., fr.
   Gr.  (Anat.) The antero-lateral piece which articulates the sternum of
   birds.

                                Pleurothotonus

   Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A species of tetanus,
   in which the body is curved laterally. Quain. Dunglison.

                                  Pleurotoma

   Pleu*rot"o*ma  (?),  n.; pl. L. Pleurotom\'91 (#), E. Pleurotomas (#).
   [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine gastropod belonging to Pleurotoma,
   and  ether allied genera of the family Pleurotmid\'91. The species are
   very  numerous, especially in tropical seas. The outer lip has usually
   a posterior notch or slit.

                                    Plevin

   Plev"in  (?),  n. [OF. plevine. See Replevin.] A warrant or assurance.
   [Obs.]

                                   Plexiform

   Plex"i*form (?), a. [Plexus + -form: cf. F. Plexiforme.] Like network;
   complicated.<-- sic. no det. --> Quincy.

                                  Pleximeter

   Plex*im"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -meter.]  (Med.) A small, hard, elastic
   plate,  as  of  ivory, bone, or rubber, placed in contact with body to
   receive  the blow, in examination by mediate percussion. [Written also
   plexometer.]

                                    Plexure

   Plex"ure (?), n. [See Plexus.] The act or process of weaving together,
   or interweaving; that which is woven together. H. Brooke.

                                    Plexus

   Plex"us  (?),  n.;  pl.  L.  Plexus,  E. Plexuses (#). [L., a twining,
   braid, fr. plectere, plexum, to twine, braid.]

   1. (Anat.) A network of vessels, nerves, or fibers.

   2.   (Math.)  The  system  of  equations  required  for  the  complete
   expression  of  the relations which exist between a set of quantities.
   Brande & C.

                                     Pley

   Pley (?), v. & n. See Play. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pley

   Pley (?), a. Full See Plein. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pleyt

   Pleyt (?), n. (Naut.) An old term for a river boat.

                                  Pliability

   Pli`a*bil"i*ty  (?),  n.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  pliable;
   flexibility;  as, pliability of disposition. "Pliability of movement."
   Sir W. Scott.

                                    Pliable

   Pli"a*ble (?), a. [F., fr. plier to bend, to fold. See Ply, v.]

   1. Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible;
   pliant; supple; limber; yielding; as, willow is a pliable plant.

   2.  Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments,
   persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; -- sometimes in a bad
   sense; as, a pliable youth. "Pliable she promised to be." Dr. H. More.
   -- Pli"a*ble*ness, n. -- Pli"a*bly, adv.

                                    Pliancy

   Pli"an*cy  (?),  n. The quality or state of being pliant in sense; as,
   the  pliancy  of  a  rod.  "Avaunt  all  specious  pliancy  of  mind."
   Wordsworth.

                                    Pliant

   Pli"ant (?), a. [F. pliant, p. pr. of plier to bend. See Ply, v.]

   1. Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure
   without  breaking;  flexible;  pliable;  lithe; limber; plastic; as, a
   pliant  thread;  pliant wax. Also used figuratively: Easily influenced
   for good or evil; tractable; as, a pliant heart.

     The will was then ductile and pliant to right reason. South.

   2.  Favorable  to  pliancy. [R.] "A pliant hour." Shak. -- Pli"ant*ly,
   adv. -- Pli"ant*ness, n.

                                     Plica

   Pli"ca (?), n. [LL., a fold, fr. L. plicare to fold. See Ply, v.]

   1.  (Med.) A disease of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes
   twisted  and  matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is
   hence called also Polish plait. Dunglison.

   2.  (Bot.)  A  diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive
   development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches.

   3. (Zo\'94l.) The bend of the wing of a bird.

                               Plicate, Plicated

   Pli"cate  (?),  Pli"ca*ted  (?),  a. [L. plicatus, p. p. of plicare to
   fold.]  Plaited; folded like a fan; as, a plicate leaf. -- Pli"cate*ly
   (#), adv.

                                   Plication

   Pli*ca"tion (?), n. A folding or fold; a plait. Richardson.

                                   Plicature

   Plic"a*ture  (?),  n.  [L.  plicatura, fr. plicare to fold.] A fold; a
   doubling; a plication. Dr. H. More.

                                 Plicidentine

   Plic`i*den"tine  (?), n. [LL. plica fold + E. dentine.] (Anat.) A form
   of  dentine  which  shows  sinuous  lines of structure in a transverse
   section of the tooth.

                                     Plied

   Plied (?), imp. & p. p. of Ply.

                                    Pliers

   Pli"ers (?), n. pl. [From Ply to bend, fold.] A kind of small pinchers
   with long jaws, -- used for bending or cutting metal rods or wire, for
   handling small objects such as the parts of a watch, etc.

                                    Pliform

   Pli"form  (?),  a [Ply a fold + -form.] In the form of a ply, fold, or
   doubling. [Obs.] Pennant.

                                    Plight

   Plight (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Plight, to pledge. Chaucer.

                                    Plight

   Plight, obs. imp. & p. p. of Pluck. Chaucer.

                                    Plight

   Plight,  v.  t.  [OE.  pliten;  probably  through  Old French, fr. LL.
   plectare,  L.  plectere. See Plait, Ply.] To weave; to braid; to fold;
   to  plait.[Obs.] "To sew and plight."<-- in the sense of fold, = pleat
   [plait 2 in MW10]--> Chaucer.

     A plighted garment of divers colors. Milton.

                                    Plight

   Plight  (?),  n.  A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment. [Obs.]
   "Many a folded plight."<-- = pleat --> Spenser.

                                    Plight

   Plight,  n.  [OE.  pliht  danger,  engagement,  AS.  pliht danger, fr.
   ple\'a2n  to  risk;  akin  to  D. plicht duty, G. pflicht, Dan. pligt.
   &root;28. Cf. Play.]

   1.  That  which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or pledged;
   security;  a  gage;  a  pledge.  "That  lord  whose  hand must take my
   plight." Shak.

   2. [Perh. the same word as plight a pledge, but at least influenced by
   OF.  plite,  pliste, ploit, ploi, a condition, state; cf. E. plight to
   fold,  and  F.  pli  a fold, habit, plier to fold, E. ply.] Condition;
   state;  --  risk,  or  exposure  to danger, often being implied; as, a
   luckless plight. "Your plight is pitied." Shak.

     To bring our craft all in another plight Chaucer.

                                    Plight

   Plight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Plighting.] [AS.
   plihtan  to  expose  to  danger,  pliht  danger;cf.  D. verplichten to
   oblige, engage, impose a duty, G. verpflichten, Sw. f\'94rplikta, Dan.
   forpligte. See Plight, n.]

   1. To pledge; to give as a pledge for the performance of some act; as,
   to plight faith, honor, word; -- never applied to property or goods. "
   To do them plighte their troth." Piers Plowman.

     He  plighted his right hand Unto another love, and to another land.
     Spenser.

     Here my inviolable faith I plight. Dryden.

   2. To promise; to engage; to betroth.

     Before  its  setting  hour, divide The bridegroom from the plighted
     bride. Sir W. Scott.

                                   Plighter

   Plight"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plights.

                                     Plim

   Plim  (?),  v.  i. [Cf. Plump.] To swell, as grain or wood with water.
   [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

                                Plimsoll's mark

   Plim"soll's  mark`  (?).  (Naut.)  A mark conspicuously painted on the
   port  side  of all British sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the
   limit  of  submergence  allowed  by  law;  --  so  called  from Samuel
   Plimsoll,   by   whose  efforts  the  act  of  Parliament  to  prevent
   overloading was procured.

                                    Plinth

   Plinth  (?),  n.  [L. plinthus, Gr. flint: cf. F. plinthe.] (Arch.) In
   classical  architecture,  a  vertically faced member immediately below
   the  circular base of a column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal;
   hence,  in  general,  the lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block
   upon  which  the  moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the
   bottom. See Illust. of Column.

                                   Pliocene

   Pli"o*cene   (?),  a.  [Written  also  pleiocene.]  [Gr.  (Geol.)  Of,
   pertaining  to,  or  characterizing,  the  most recent division of the
   Tertiary age.

                                   Pliocene

   Pli"o*cene, n. (Geol.) The Pliocene period or deposits.

                                  Pliohippus

   Pli`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. pliocene + Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct
   genus of horses from the Pliocene deposits. Each foot had a single toe
   (or hoof), as in the common horse.

                                  Pliosaurus

   Pli`o*sau"rus  (?),  n.  [NL.,  from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
   marine  reptiles  allied  to  Plesiosaurus,  but having a much shorter
   neck.

                                     Plitt

   Plitt  (?),  n.  [Russ. plete.] An instrument of punishment or torture
   resembling the knout, used in Russia.

                                     Ploc

   Ploc  (?),  n. [F.] (Naut.) A mixture of hair and tar for covering the
   bottom of a ship.

                                     Ploce

   Plo"ce  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr.  (Rhet.)  A figure in which a word is
   separated  or  repeated  by way of emphasis, so as not only to signify
   the individual thing denoted by it, but also its peculiar attribute or
   quality; as, "His wife's a wife indeed." Bailey.

                                     Plod

   Plod  (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plodding.]
   [Gf. Gael. plod a clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod or
   clods.]

   1. To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge. Shak.

   2. To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently.
   "Plodding schoolmen." Drayton.

                                     Plod

   Plod, v. t. To walk on slowly or heavily.

     The ploughman homeward plods his weary way. Gray.

                                    Plodder

   Plod"der (?), n. One who plods; a drudge.

                                   Plodding

   Plod"ding   (?),   a.   Progressing   in   a  slow,  toilsome  manner;
   characterized  by  laborious  diligence;  as,  a  plodding  peddler; a
   plodding student; a man of plodding habits. --Plod"ding*ly, adv.

                                    Plonge

   Plonge  (?),  v. t. [See Plunge.] To cleanse, as open drains which are
   entered by the tide, by stirring up the sediment when the tide ebbs.

                                  Plong\'82e

   Plon`g\'82e" (?), n. [F. See Plunge.] (Mil.) A slope or sloping toward
   the  front; as, the plong\'82e of a parapet; the plong\'82e of a shell
   in its course. [Sometimes written plonge.]

                                     Plot

   Plot  (?),  n. [AS. plot; cf. Goth. plats a patch. Cf. Plat a piece of
   ground.]

   1. A small extent of ground; a plat; as, a garden plot. Shak.

   2. A plantation laid out. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

   3.  (Surv.) A plan or draught of a field, farm, estate, etc., drawn to
   a scale.

                                     Plot

   Plot,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Plotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plotting.] To
   make  a  plot, map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a plan; to
   delineate.

     This treatise plotteth down Cornwall as it now standeth. Carew.

                                     Plot

   Plot, n. [Abbrev. from complot.]

   1.  Any  scheme,  stratagem,  secret design, or plan, of a complicated
   nature,  adapted  to  the  accomplishment  of  some purpose, usually a
   treacherous  and  mischievous  one; a conspiracy; an intrigue; as, the
   Rye-house Plot.

     I have overheard a plot of death. Shak.

     O,  think  what anxious moments pass between The birth of plots and
     their last fatal periods! Addison.

   2.  A share in such a plot or scheme; a participation in any stratagem
   or conspiracy. [Obs.]

     And  when  Christ saith. Who marries the divorced commits adultery,
     it is to be understood, if he had any plot in the divorce. Milton.

   <-- p. 101 -->

   3.  Contrivance;  deep  reach  thought;  ability  to plot or intrigue.
   [Obs.] "A man of much plot." Denham.

   4.  A  plan; a purpose. "No other plot in their religion but serve Got
   and save their souls." Jer. Taylor.

   5.  In  fiction,  the  story  of  a  play,  novel,  romance,  or poem,
   comprising  a  complication of incidents which are gradually unfolded,
   sometimes by unexpected means.

     If  the  plot or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from
     the  subject,  then  the  winding up of the plot must be a probable
     consequence of all that went before. Pope.

   Syn.   --   Intrigue;   stratagem;   conspiracy;  cabal;  combination;
   contrivance.

                                     Plot

   Plot (?), v. i.

   1.  To form a scheme of mischief against another, especially against a
   government or those who administer it; to conspire. Shak.

     The wicked plotteth against the just. Ps. xxxvii. 12.

   2. To contrive a plan or stratagem; to scheme.

     The prince did plot to be secretly gone. Sir H. Wotton.

                                     Plot

   Plot,  v.  t.  To  plan;  to  scheme; to devise; to contrive secretly.
   "Plotting  an  unprofitable  crime." Dryden. "Plotting now the fall of
   others." Milton

                                    Plotful

   Plot"ful (?), a. Abounding with plots.

                                   Pletinian

   Ple*tin"i*an   (?),   a.Of  pertaining  to  the  Plotinists  or  their
   doctrines.

                                   Plotinist

   Plo*ti"nist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated
   Platonic  philosopher  of the third century, who taught that the human
   soul emanates from the divine Being, to whom it reunited at death.

                                  Plot-proof

   Plot"-proof` (?), a. Secure against harm by plots. Shak.

                                    Plotter

   Plot"ter (?), n. One who plots or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator;
   a schemer. Dryden.

                                    Plough

   Plough (?), n. & v. See Plow.

                                    Plover

   Plov"er  (?),  n.  [OF. plovier, F. pluvier, prop., the rain bird, fr.
   LL.  (assumed)  pluviarius,  fr.  L. pluvia rain, from pluere to rain;
   akin to E. float, G. fliessen to flow. See Float.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  one  of  numerous  species  of  limicoline  birds
   belonging  to the family Charadrid\'91, and especially those belonging
   to the subfamily Charadrins\'91. They are prized as game birds.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Any grallatorial bird allied to, or resembling, the true
   plovers,  as  the  crab  plover (Dromas ardeola); the American upland,
   plover (Bartramia longicauda); and other species of sandpipers.

     NOTE: &hand; Among the more important species are the blackbellied,
     OR  blackbreasted,  plover  (Charadrius  squatarola) of America and
     Europe; -- called also gray plover, bull-head plover, Swiss plover,
     sea  plover,  and  oxeye; the golden plover (see under Golden); the
     ring  OR  ringed plover (\'92gialitis hiaticula). See Ringneck. The
     piping   plover   (\'92gialitis  meloda);  Wilson's  plover  (\'92.
     Wilsonia);   the   mountain   plover   (\'92.   montana);  and  the
     semipalmated  plover  (\'92.  semipalmata),  are all small American
     species.

   Bastard   plover   (Zo\'94l.),   the   lapwing.   --  Long-legged,  OR
   yellow-legged,  plover.  See  Tattler.  --  Plover's page, the dunlin.
   [Prov.  Eng.]  --  Rock  plover,  OR  Stone  plover, the black-bellied
   plover.  [Prov.  Eng.] -- Whistling plover. (a) The golden plover. (b)
   The black-bellied plover.

                                 Plow, Plough

   Plow,  Plough  (plou),  n.  [OE.  plouh, plou, AS. pl\'d3h; akin to D.
   ploeg,  G.  pflug, OHG. pfluog, pfluoh, Icel. pl\'d3gr, Sw. plog, Dan.
   ploug, plov, Russ. plug', Lith. plugas.]

   1.  A  well-known  implement,  drawn  by horses, mules, oxen, or other
   power,  for  turning up the soil to prepare it for bearing crops; also
   used  to  furrow  or  break  up  the  soil for other purposes; as, the
   subsoil plow; the draining plow.

     Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the plow. Dryden.

   2. Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry. Johnson.

   3. A carucate of land; a plowland. [Obs.] [Eng.]

     Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five. Tale of Gamelyn.

   4. A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane.

   5. (Bookbinding) An implement for trimming or shaving off the edges of
   books.

   6. (Astron.) Same as Charles's Wain.
   Ice  plow,  a  plow  used for cutting ice on rivers, ponds, etc., into
   cakes  suitable  for  storing.  [U.  S.]  --  Mackerel plow. See under
   Mackerel. -- Plow alms, a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the
   church.  Cowell.  --  Plow  beam,  that part of the frame of a plow to
   which  the  draught  is  applied. See Beam, n., 9. -- Plow Monday, the
   Monday  after  Twelth  Day,  or the end of Christmas holidays. -- Plow
   staff.  (a)  A  kind  of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning the
   plowshare;  a  paddle  staff.  (b)  A  plow  handle.  --  Snow plow, a
   structure,   usually   -shaped,  for  removing  snow  from  sidewalks,
   railroads, etc., -- drawn or driven by a horse or a locomotive.

                                 Plow, Plough

   Plow, Plough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plowed (ploud) or Ploughed; p. pr. &
   vb. n. Plowing or Ploughing.]

   1.  To  turn up, break up, or trench, with a plow; to till with, or as
   with, a plow; as, to plow the ground; to plow a field.

   2.  To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through,
   as in sailing.

     Let  patient  Octavia  plow  thy visage up With her prepared nails.
     Shak.

     With speed we plow the watery way. Pope.

   3.  (Bookbinding)  To  trim,  or  shave off the edges of, as a book or
   paper, with a plow. See Plow, n., 5.

   4.  (Joinery)  To  cut  a  groove  in, as in a plank, or the edge of a
   board;  especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf
   or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.
   To  plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow in wheat. -- To plow up,
   to  turn  out  of the ground by plowing.<-- plow ahead, to continue in
   spite of obstacles or resistence by others.

     NOTE: Often used in a bad sense, meaning to continue obstinately in
     spite of the contrary advice of others.

   plow  through, to execute a difficult or laborious task steadily, esp.
   one  containing  many  parts;  as,  he  plowed  through  the  stack of
   correspondence until all had been answered. -->

                                 Plow, Plough

   Plow,  Plough (plou), v. i. To labor with, or as with, a plow; to till
   or  turn  up  the soil with a plow; to till or turn up the soil with a
   plow; to prepare the soil or bed for anything. Shak.

     Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ? Isa. xxviii. 24.

                             Plowable, Ploughable

   Plow"a*ble, Plough"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being plowed; arable.

                             Plowbote, Ploughbote

   Plow"bote`,  Plough"bote` (?), n. (Eng. Law) Wood or timber allowed to
   a tenant for the repair of instruments of husbandry. See Bote.

                              Plowboy, Ploughboy

   Plow"boy`,  Plough"boy`,  n.  A  boy  that  drives or guides a team in
   plowing; a young rustic.

                               Plower, Plougher

   Plow"er, Plough"er (?), n. One who plows; a plowman; a cultivator.

                             Plowfoot, Ploughfoot

   Plow"foot`, Plough"foot` (?), n. An adjustable staff formerly attached
   to the plow beam to determine the depth of the furrow. Piers Plowman.

                             Plowgang, Ploughgang

   Plow"gang`, Plough"gang` (?), n. Same as Plowgate.

                             Plowgate, Ploughgate

   Plow"gate`,  Plough"gate` (?), n. The Scotch equivalent of the English
   word plowland.

     Not having one plowgate of land. Sir W. Scott.

                             Plowhead, Ploughhead

   Plow"head`, Plough"head` (?), n. The clevis or draught iron of a plow.

                              Plowland, Plougland

   Plow"land`, Ploug"land` (?), n.

   1. Land that is plowed, or suitable for tillage.

   2.  (O.  Eng.  Law)  the quantity of land allotted for the work of one
   plow; a hide.

                              Plowman, Ploughman

   Plow"man, Plough"man (?), n.; pl. -men (.

   1. One who plows, or who holds and guides a plow; hence, a husbandman.
   Chaucer. Macaulay.

   2. A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer.
   Plowman's   spikenard   (Bot.),  a  European  composite  weed  (Conyza
   squarrosa), having fragrant roots. Dr. Prior.

                            Plowpoint, Ploughpoint

   Plow"point`,  Plough"point`  (?), n. A detachable share at the extreme
   front end of the plow body.

                            Plowshare, Ploughshare

   Plow"share`,  Plough"share"  (?), n. The share of a plow, or that part
   which  cuts  the  slice  of  earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow.
   Plowshare bone (Anat.), the pygostyle.

                             Plowtail, Ploughtail

   Plow"tail`, Plough"tail` (?), n. The hind part or handle of a plow.

                           Plowwright, Ploughwright

   Plow"wright`, Plough"wright` (?), n. One who makes or repairs plows.

                                     Ploy

   Ploy (?), n. Sport; frolic. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

                                     Ploy

   Ploy, v. i. [Prob. abbrev. fr. deploy.] (Mil.) To form a column from a
   line  of  troops  on  some  designated subdivision; -- the opposite of
   deploy. Wilhelm.

                                   Ployment

   Ploy"ment  (?), n. (Mil.) The act or movement of forming a column from
   a  line  of  troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of
   deployment.

                                     Pluck

   Pluck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plucking.]
   [AS. pluccian; akin to LG. & D. plukken, G. pfl\'81cken, Icel. plokka,
   plukka, Dan. plukke, Sw. plocka.

   1. To pull; to draw.

     Its own nature . . . plucks on its own dissolution. Je

   2.  Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or
   out  from  something,  with  a  twitch; to twitch; also, to gather, to
   pick;  as, to pluck feathers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a
   skin; to pluck grapes.

     I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Milton.

     E'en  children  followed, with endearing wile, And plucked his gown
     to share the good man's smile. Goldsmith.

   3. To strip of, or as of, feathers; as, to pluck a fowl.

     They which pass by the way do pluck her. Ps. lxxx.

   4.  (Eng.  Universities)  To  reject at an examination for degrees. C.
   Bront\'82.
   To  pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away.
   --  To  pluck  down,  to  pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower
   state.  --  to  pluck  off,  to pull or tear off; as, to pluck off the
   skin.  --  to  pluck  up.  (a)  To  tear  up  by the roots or from the
   foundation;  to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up
   a  plant;  to  pluk  up  a  nation. Jer. xii. 17. (b) To gather up; to
   summon; as, to pluck up courage.

                                     Pluck

   Pluck, v. i. To make a motion of pulling or twitching; -- usually with
   at; as, to pluck at one's gown.

                                     Pluck

   Pluck, n.

   1. The act of plucking; a pull; a twitch.

   2.  [Prob.  so called as being plucked out after the animal is killed;
   or  cf.  Gael.  & Ir. pluc a lump, a knot, a bunch.] The heart, liver,
   and lights of an animal.

   3. Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution; fortitude.

     Decay of English spirit, decay of manly pluck. Thackeray.

   4. The act of plucking, or the state of being plucked, at college. See
   Pluck, v. t., 4.

   5. (Zo\'94l.) The lyrie. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Plucked

   Plucked (?), a. Having courage and spirit. [R.]

                                    Plucker

   Pluck"er, n.

   1. One who, or that which, plucks.

     Thou setter up and plucker down of kings. Shak.

   2. A machine for straightening and cleaning wool.

                                   Pluckily

   Pluck"i*ly (?), adv. In a plucky manner.

                                  Pluckiness

   Pluck"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being plucky.

                                   Pluckless

   Pluck"less, a. Without pluck; timid; faint-hearted.

                                    Plucky

   Pluck"y  (?),  a.  [Compar.  Pluckier  (?); superl. Pluckiest.] Having
   pluck   or   courage;   characterized   by  pluck;  displaying  pluck;
   courageous; spirited; as, a plucky race.

     If you're plucky, and not over subject to fright. Barham.

                                     Pluff

   Pluff  (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin.] To throw out, as smoke,
   dust, etc., in puffs. [Scot.]

                                     Pluff

   Pluff, n.

   1.  A  puff,  as  of  smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a puffball; a
   slight explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder. [Scot.]

   2. A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of using it. [Scot.]

                                     Plug

   Plug  (?),  n.  [Akin  to  D. plug, G. pflock, Dan. pl\'94k, plug, Sw.
   plugg; cf. W. ploc.]

   1. Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to stop or fill a
   hole; a stopple.

   2. A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco. [U. S.]

   3. A high, tapering silk hat. [Slang, U.S.]

   4. A worthless horse. [Slang, U.S.]

   5.  (Building)  A  block of wood let into a wall, to afford a hold for
   nails.
   Fire  plug, a street hydrant to which hose may be attached. [U. S.] --
   Hawse  plug (Naut.), a plug to stop a hawse hole. -- Plug and feather.
   (Stone  Working)  See  Feather,  n., 7. -- Plug centerbit, a centerbit
   ending  in  a  small  cylinder instead of a point, so as to follow and
   enlarge a hole previously made, or to form a counterbore around it. --
   Plug  rod  (Steam  Eng.)  , a rod attached to the beam for working the
   valves,  as  in  the Cornish engine. -- Plug valve (Mech.), a tapering
   valve, which turns in a case like the plug of a faucet.
   
                                     Plug
                                       
   Plug  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Plugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plugging
   (?).] To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole. 

                                    Plugger

   Plug"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, plugs.

                                   Plugging

   Plug"ging, n.

   1. The act of stopping with a plug.

   2. The material of which a plug or stopple is made.

                                     Plum

   Plum  (?), n. [AS.pl&umac;me, fr. L. prunum; akin to Gr. Prune a dried
   plum.]

   1.  (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of the Prunus domestica, and of
   several other species of Prunus; also, the tree itself, usually called
   plum tree.

     The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of plum, of our
     gardens,  although growing into thornless trees, are believed to be
     varieties  of  the  blackthorn,  produced  by  long cultivation. G.
     Bentham.

   <-- the types marked are in bold format, like collocations. -->

     NOTE: &hand; Tw o or  three hundred varieties of plums derived from
     the  Prunus  domestica are described; among them the greengage, the
     Orleans,  the purple gage, or Reine Claude Violette, and the German
     prune, are some of the best known.

     NOTE: &hand; Among the true plums are;

   Beach  plum,  the  Prunus maritima, and its crimson or purple globular
   drupes,  -- Bullace plum. See Bullace. -- Chickasaw plum, the American
   Prunus  Chicasa,  and  its  round  red drupes. -- Orleans plum, a dark
   reddish  purple plum of medium size, much grown in England for sale in
   the  markets.  --  Wild plum of America, Prunus Americana, with red or
   yellow  fruit,  the  original  of  the  Iowa  plum  and  several other
   varieties.  Among plants called plum, but of other genera than Prunus,
   are;  Australian plum, Cargillia arborea and C. australis, of the same
   family   with   the   persimmon.  --  Blood  plum,  the  West  African
   H\'91matostaphes  Barteri.  --  Cocoa plum, the Spanish nectarine. See
   under  Nectarine.  --  Date plum. See under Date. -- Gingerbread plum,
   the West African Parinarium macrophyllum. -- Gopher plum, the Ogeechee
   lime.  --  Gray  plum,  Guinea plum. See under Guinea. -- Indian plum,
   several species of Flacourtia.

   2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.

   3. A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant language, the sum
   of \'9c100,000 sterling; also, the person possessing it.
   Plum  bird,  Plum  budder  (Zo\'94l.), the European bullfinch. -- Plum
   gouger  (Zo\'94l.),  a  weevil,  or curculio (Coccotorus scutellaris),
   which  destroys  plums.  It  makes  round  holes  in the pulp, for the
   reception  of  its  eggs.  The larva bores into the stone and eats the
   kernel.  --  Plum  weevil (Zo\'94l.), an American weevil which is very
   destructive  to  plums,  nectarines  cherries,  and  many  other stone
   fruits.  It  lays  its eggs in crescent-shaped incisions made with its
   jaws.  The  larva  lives  upon  the pulp around the stone. Called also
   turk, and plum curculio. See Illust. under Curculio.
   
                                     Pluma
                                       
   Plu"ma (?), n.; pl. Plum\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) A feather. 

                                    Plumage

   Plum"age  (?),  n.  [F.,  from plume a feather.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire
   clothing of a bird.

     NOTE: &hand; It  co nsist of  the contour feathers, or the ordinary
     feathers covering the head, neck, and body; the tail feathers, with
     their  upper  and  lower  coverts;  the  wing  feathers,  including
     primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, with their coverts; and the
     down  which  lies  beneath  the contour feathers. See Illust. under
     Bird.

                                  Plumassary

   Plu*mas"sa*ry  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. plumasseau.] A plume or collection of
   ornamental feathers.

                                  Plumassier

   Plu`mas`sier"  (?),  n.  [F.]  One who prepares or deals in ornamental
   plumes or feathers.

                                     Plumb

   Plumb (?), n. [F. plomb, L. plumbum lead, a leaden ball or bullet; cf.
   Gr.  Plummet,  Plunge.]  A little mass or weight of lead, or the like,
   attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical
   direction;  a  plummet; a plumb bob. See Plumb line, below. Plumb bob.
   See Bob, 4. -- Plumb joint, in sheet-metal work, a lap joint, fastened
   by  solder.  --  Plumb  level. See under Level. -- Plumb line. (a) The
   cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a plummet. (b) A line directed
   to  the  center of gravity of the earth. -- Plumb rule, a narrow board
   with a plumb line, used by builders and carpenters.

                                     Plumb

   Plumb,  a. Perpendicular; vertical; conforming the direction of a line
   attached to a plumb; as, the wall is plumb.

                                     Plumb

   Plumb,  adv.  In  a  plumb  direction; perpendicularly. "Plumb down he
   falls." Milton.

                                     Plumb

   Plumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumbing (?).]

   1.  To  adjust  by  a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular; as, to
   plumb a building or a wall.

   2.  To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth of water; hence, to
   examine  by test; to ascertain the depth, quality, dimension, etc.; to
   sound; to fathom; to test.

     He did not attempt to plumb his intellect. Ld. Lytton.

   3. To seal with lead; as, to plumb a drainpipe.

   4. To supply, as a building, with a system of plumbing.

                                   Plumbage

   Plumb"age (?), n. Leadwork [R.]

                                   Plumbagin

   Plum*ba"gin  (?),  n.  [L. plumbago leadwort, fr. plumbum lead; cf. F.
   plombagin.]  (Chem.)  A  crystalline substance said to be found in the
   root  of a certain plant of the Leadwort (Plumbago) family. <-- p. 102
   -->

                                 Plumbagineous

   Plum`ba*gin"e*ous   (?),   a.   (Bot.)  Pertaining  to  natural  order
   (Plumbagine\'91) of gamopetalous herbs, of which plumbago is the type.
   The  order  includes  also  the  marsh rosemary, the thrift, and a few
   other genera.

                                 Plumbaginous

   Plum*bag"i*nous   (?),  a.  Resembling  plumbago;  consisting  of,  or
   containing, plumbago; as, a plumbaginous slate.

                                   Plumbago

   Plum*ba"go, n. [L., from plumbum lead.]

   1. (Min.) Same as Graphite.

   2.  (Bot.)  A  genus  of  herbaceous  plants with pretty salver-shaped
   corollas, usually blue or violet; leadwort.

                              Plumbean, Plumbeous

   Plum"be*an  (?),  Plum"be*ous  (?),  a. [L. plumbeus, from plumbum the
   metal lead.]

   1. Consisting of, or resembling, lead. J. Ellis.

   2. Dull; heavy; stupid. [R.] J. P. Smith.

                                    Plumber

   Plumb"er  (?),  n.  [F.  plombier.  See Plumb.] One who works in lead;
   esp., one who furnishes, fits, and repairs lead, iron, or glass pipes,
   and  other  apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage in
   buildings.

                                 Plumber block

   Plumb"er block` (?). A pillow block.

                                   Plumbery

   Plumb"er*y (?), n. [F. plomberie.]

   1. The business of a plumber. [Obs.]

   2. A place where plumbing is carried on; lead works.

                                    Plumbic

   Plum"bic   (?),   a.   [From  Plumbum.]  (Chem.)  Of,  pertaining  to,
   resembling,  or  containing,  lead;  -- used specifically to designate
   those  compounds  in  which it has a higher valence as contrasted with
   plumbous compounds; as, plumbic oxide.

                                 Plumbiferous

   Plum*bif"er*ous  (?),  a. [Plumbum + -ferous.] Producing or containing
   lead. Kirwan.

                                   Plumbing

   Plumb"ing (?), n.

   1. The art of casting and working in lead, and applying it to building
   purposes;   especially,  the  business  of  furnishing,  fitting,  and
   repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage, etc. Gwilt.

   2.  The  lead  or  iron  pipes, and other apparatus, used in conveying
   water, sewage, etc., in a building.

                                   Plumbism

   Plum"bism  (?),  n.  [From  Plumbum.]  (Med.)  A  diseased  condition,
   produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal
   or  in  its  compounds,  as  among  painters,  typesetters, etc. It is
   characterized by various symptoms, as lead colic, lead line, and wrist
   drop. See under Colic, Lead, and Wrist.

                                   Plumbous

   Plum"bous  (?),  a.  [From  Plumbum.]  (Chem.)  Of,  pertaining to, or
   containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
   which it has a lower valence as contrasted with plumbic compounds.

                                    Plumbum

   Plum"bum (?), n. [L.] (Chem.) The technical name of lead. See Lead.

                                     Plume

   Plume (?), n. [F., fr. L. pluma. Cf. Fly, v.]

   1.  A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or
   handsome feather.

     Wings . . . of many a colored plume. Milton.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) An ornamental tuft of feathers.

   3.  A  feather,  or  group  of feathers, worn as an ornament; a waving
   ornament of hair, or other material resembling feathers.

     His high plume, that nodded o'er his head. Dryden.

   4.  A  token  of honor or prowess; that on which one prides himself; a
   prize or reward. "Ambitious to win from me some plume." Milton.

   5.  (Bot.)  A large and flexible panicle of inflorescence resembling a
   feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.
   Plume  bird  (Zo\'94l.),  any  bird  that  yields  ornamental  plumes,
   especially  the species of Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the
   herons and egrets, as the white heron of Florida (Ardea candidissima).
   --  Plume  grass.  (Bot)  (a) A kind of grass (Erianthus saccharoides)
   with  the  spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps
   in  the Southern United States. (b) The still finer E. Ravenn\'91 from
   the  Mediterranean region. The name is sometimes extended to the whole
   genus.  --  Plume  moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous small, slender
   moths,  belonging to the family Pterophorid\'91. Most of them have the
   wings  deeply  divided  into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species
   are  injurious  to  the grapevine. -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), an aromatic
   Australian  tree  (Atherosperma  moschata), whose numerous carpels are
   tipped with long plumose persistent styles.

                                     Plume

   Plume,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pluming.] [Cf.
   F. plumer to pluck, to strip, L. plumare to cover with feathers.]

   1. To pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of; to dress or prink.

     Pluming her wings among the breezy bowers. W. Irving.

   2.  To  strip  of  feathers;  to pluck; to strip; to pillage; also, to
   peel. [Obs.] Bacon. Dryden.

   3.  To  adorn  with  feathers  or plumes. "Farewell the plumed troop."
   Shak.

   4.  To  pride;  to vaunt; to boast; -- used reflexively; as, he plumes
   himself on his skill. South.
   Plumed   adder  (Zo\'94l.),  an  African  viper  (Vipera,  OR  Clotho,
   cornuta),  having a plumelike structure over each eye. It is venomous,
   and is related to the African puff adder. Called also horned viper and
   hornsman.  --  Plumed  partridge  (Zo\'94l.),  the California mountain
   quail (Oreortyx pictus). See Mountain quail, under Mountain.

                                   Plumeless

   Plume"less (?), a. Without plumes.

                                   Plumelet

   Plume"let (?), n. [Plume + -let.] A small plume.

     When rosy plumelets tuft the larch. Tennyson.

                                    Plumery

   Plum"er*y  (?),  n.  Plumes, collectively or in general; plumage. [R.]
   Southey.

                                   Plumicorn

   Plu"mi*corn (?), n. [L. pluma feather + cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) An ear
   tuft of feathers, as in the horned owls.

                                  Plumigerous

   Plu*mig"er*ous  (?),  a.  [L.  plumiger;  pluma  a feather + gerere to
   bear.] Feathered; having feathers. Bailey

                                  Plumiliform

   Plu*mil"i*form (?), a. [L. plumula, or plumella a little feather (dim.
   of pluma feather) + -form.] Having the of a plume or feather. [R.]

                                   Plumiped

   Plu"mi*ped  (?), a. [L. plumipes, -edis; pluma a feather + pes: cf. F.
   plumip\'8ade.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Having feet covered with feathers. -- n. A
   plumiped bird.

                                    Plummet

   Plum"met  (?),  n. [OE. plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom, plum, lead, F.
   plomb. See Plumb.]

   1.  A  piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of
   water.

     I'll sink him deeper than e'er plummet sounded. Shak.

   2. A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under Plumb, n.

   3. Hence, any weight.

   4.  A piece of lead formerly used by school children to rule paper for
   writing.
   Plummet line, a line with a plummet; a sounding line.

                                   Plumming

   Plum"ming  (?),  n.  [See  Plumb.] (Min.) The operation of finding, by
   means  of  a  mine  dial,  the place where to sink an air shaft, or to
   bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines.

                                    Plummy

   Plum"my  (?),  a.  [From  Plum.]  Of  the nature of a plum; desirable;
   profitable; advantageous. [Colloq.] "For the sake of getting something
   plummy." G. Eliot.

                               Plumose, Plumous

   Plu*mose"  (?),  Plu"mous (?), a. [L. plumosus, fr. pluma feather: cf.
   F. plumeux.]

   1. Having feathers or plumes.

   2.  Having  hairs,  or  other  p\'a0rts, arranged along an axis like a
   feather; feathery; plumelike; as, a plumose leaf; plumose tentacles.

                                   Plumosite

   Plu"mo*site (?), n. (Min.) Same as Jamesonite.

                                   Plumosity

   Plu*mos"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being plumose.

                                     Plum

   Plum (?), a. [Compar. Plumper (?); superl. Plumpest.] [OE. plomp rude,
   clumsy; akin to D. plomp, G., Dan., & Sw. plump; probably of imitative
   origin.  Cf.  Plump,  adv.]  Well rounded or filled out; full; fleshy;
   fat; as, a plump baby; plump cheeks. Shak.

     The god of wine did his plump clusters bring. T. Carew.

                                     Plum

   Plum,  n. A knot; a cluster; a group; a crowd; a flock; as, a plump of
   trees, fowls, or spears. [Obs.]

     To visit islands and the plumps of men. Chapman.

                                     Plump

   Plump, v. i. [Cf. D. plompen, G. plumpen, Sw. plumpa, Dan. plumpe. See
   Plump, a.]

   1. To grow plump; to swell out; as, her cheeks have plumped.

   2.  To  drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once."Dulcissa plumps
   into a chair." Spectator.

   3. To give a plumper. See Plumper, 2.

                                     Plump

   Plump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumping.]

   1.  To  make plump; to fill (out) or support; -- often with up.<-- as,
   to plump up the pillows -->

     To  plump  up  the  hollowness  of  their  history  with improbable
     miracles. Fuller.

   2. To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily; as, to plump
   a stone into water.

   3. To give (a vote), as a plumper. See Plumper, 2.

                                     Plump

   Plump,  adv.  [Cf.  D. plomp, interj., G. plump, plumps. Cf. Plump, a.
   &v.] Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly. "Fall plump." Beau. & Fl.

                                    Plumper

   Plump"er (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, plumps or swells out something else; hence,
   something carried in the mouth to distend the cheeks.

   2. (English Elections) A vote given to one candidate only, when two or
   more are to be elected, thus giving him the advantage over the others.
   A  person  who  gives  his vote thus is said to plump, or to plump his
   vote.

   3. A voter who plumps his vote. [Eng.]

   4. A downright, unqualified lie. [Colloq. or Low]

                                    Plumply

   Plump"ly, adv. Fully; roundly; plainly; without reserve. [Colloq.]

                                   Plumpness

   Plump"ness, n. The quality or state of being plump.

                                    Plumpy

   Plump"y (?), a. Plump; fat; sleek. "Plumpy Bacchus." Shak.

                                    Plumula

   Plu"mu*la (?), n.; pl. L. Plumule (#), E.-las (#). [L. See Plumule.]

   1. (Bot.) A plumule.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A down feather.

                                 Plumulaceous

   Plu`mu*la"ceous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Downy; bearing down.

                                   Plumular

   Plu"mu*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to a plumule.

                                  Plumularia

   Plu`mu*la"ri*a  (?), n.; pl. L. Plumularl\'91 (#), E. Plumularias (#).
   [NL.]  (Zo\'94l.) Any hydroid belonging to Plumularia and other genera
   of the family Plumularid\'91. They generally grow in plumelike forms.

                                  Plumularian

   Plu`mu*la"ri*an   (?),   n.   (Zo\'94l.)  Any  Plumularia.  Also  used
   adjectively.

                                    Plumule

   Plu"mule  (?),  n.  [L.  plumula,  dim.  of  pluma  a  feather; cf. F.
   plumule.]

   1.  (Bot.)  The  first  bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or
   growing  point,  of  the  embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of
   Radicle. Gray.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A down feather. (b) The aftershaft of a feather. See
   Illust.  under  Feather.  (c) One of the featherlike scales of certain
   male butterflies.

                                   Plumulose

   Plu"mu*lose"  (?),  a.  Having hairs branching out laterally, like the
   parts of a feather.

                                     Plumy

   Plum"y  (?),  a.  Covered  or  adorned with plumes, or as with plumes;
   feathery.  "His  plumy  crest."  Addison.  "The  plumy  trees."  J. S.
   Blackie.

                                    Plunder

   Plun"der  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Plundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Plundering.] [G. pl\'81ndern to plunder, plunder frippery, baggage.]

   1.  To  take  the  goods of by force, or without right; to pillage; to
   spoil; to sack; to strip; to rob; as, to plunder travelers.

     Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God. South.

   2.  To  take  by  pillage;  to  appropriate  forcibly;  as,  the enemy
   plundered all the goods they found. Syn. -- To pillage; despoil; sack;
   rifle; strip; rob.

                                    Plunder

   Plun"der (?), n.

   1. The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See Syn. of Pillage.

     Inroads and plunders of the Saracens. Sir T. North.

   2.  That  which  is taken by open force from an enemy; pillage; spoil;
   booty;  also, that which is taken by theft or fraud. "He shared in the
   plunder." Cowper.

   3.   Personal  property  and  effects;  baggage  or  luggage.  [Slang,
   Southwestern U.S.]

                                  Plunderage

   Plun"der*age   (?),  n.  (Mar.  Law)  The  embezzlement  of  goods  on
   shipboard. Wharton.

                                   Plunderer

   Plun"der*er (?), n. One who plunders or pillages.

                                    Plunge

   Plunge  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plunged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plunging
   (?).]  [OE.  ploungen,  OF.  plongier,  F.  plonger, fr. (assumed) LL.
   plumbicare, fr. L. plumbum lead. See Plumb.]

   1.  To thrust into water, or into any substance that is penetrable; to
   immerse;  to  cause  to  penetrate  or  enter quickly and forcibly; to
   thrust; as, to plunge the body into water; to plunge a dagger into the
   breast.  Also  used figuratively; as, to plunge a nation into war. "To
   plunge the boy in pleasing sleep." Dryden.

     Bound and plunged him into a cell. Tennyson.

     We shall be plunged into perpetual errors. I. Watts.

   2. To baptize by immersion.

   3. To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome. [Obs.]

     Plunged and graveled with three lines of Seneca. Sir T. Browne.

                                    Plunge

   Plunge, v. i.

   1. To thrust or cast one's self into water or other fluid; to submerge
   one's  self;  to  dive,  or to rush in; as, he plunged into the river.
   Also used figuratively; as, to plunge into debt.

     Forced to plunge naked in the raging sea. Dryden.

     To plunge into guilt of a murther. Tillotson.

   2.  To  pitch  or throw one's self headlong or violently forward, as a
   horse does.

     Some wild colt, which . . . flings and plunges. Bp. Hall.

   3.  To  bet  heavily and with seeming recklessness on a race, or other
   contest;  in  an  extended  sense,  to  risk  large  sums in hazardous
   speculations. [Cant]
   Plunging  fire  (Gun.), firing directed upon an enemy from an elevated
   position.

                                    Plunge

   Plunge, n.

   1.  The  act  of  thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap, rush, or
   pitch into, or as into, water; as, to take the water with a plunge.

   2.  Hence,  a  desperate  hazard or act; a state of being submerged or
   overwhelmed with difficulties. [R.]

     She  was brought to that plunge, to conceal her husband's murder or
     accuse her son. Sir P. Sidney.

     And with thou not reach out a friendly arm, To raise me from amidst
     this plunge of sorrows? Addison.

   3.  The  act  of pitching or throwing one's self headlong or violently
   forward, like an unruly horse.

   4.  Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing; hazardous speculation.
   [Cant]
   Plunge bath, an immersion by plunging; also, a large bath in which the
   bather  can  wholly  immerse  himself. -- Plunge, OR plunging, battery
   (Elec.),  a voltaic battery so arranged that the plates can be plunged
   into, or withdrawn from, the exciting liquid at pleasure.

                                    Plunger

   Plun"ger (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, plunges; a diver.

   2.  A  long  solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston or bucket, as a
   forcer in pumps.

   3.  One  who  bets  heavily  and  recklessly  on  a  race;  a reckless
   speculator. [Cant]

   4.  (Pottery)  A boiler in which clay is beaten by a wheel to a creamy
   consistence. Knight.

   5. (Gun.) The firing pin of a breechloader.
   Plunger bucket, a piston, without a valve, in a pump. -- Plunger pole,
   the  pump  rod  of  a  pumping engine. -- Plunger pump, a pump, as for
   water,  having  a plunger, instead of a piston, to act upon the water.
   It may be single-acting or double-acting

                                    Plunket

   Plun"ket  (?),  n.  A  kind  of blue color; also, anciently, a kind of
   cloth, generally blue.

                                  Pluperfect

   Plu"per`fect  (?),  a.  [L.  plus  more  +  perfectus  perfect; cf. F.
   plus-que-parfait,  L.  plusquamperfectum.]  More  than  perfect;  past
   perfect;  --  said  of the tense which denotes that an action or event
   was  completed  at or before the time of another past action or event.
   -- n. The pluperfect tense; also, a verb in the pluperfect tense.

                                    Plural

   Plu"ral  (?), a [L. pluralis, from plus, pluris, more; cf. F. pluriel,
   OF.  plurel.  See  Plus.]  Relating  to, or containing, more than one;
   designating two or more; as, a plural word.

     Plural faith, which is too much by one. Shak.

   Plural  number (Gram.), the number which designates more than one. See
   Number, n., 8.

                                    Plural

   Plu"ral,  n.  (Gram.)  The  plural  number;  that form of a word which
   expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.

                                   Pluralism

   Plu"ral*ism (?), n.

   1. The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number.

   2.  (Eccl.)  The  state  of  a pluralist; the holding of more than one
   ecclesiastical living at a time. [Eng.]

                                   Pluralist

   Plu"ral*ist,  n.  (Eccl.) A clerk or clergyman who holds more than one
   ecclesiastical benefice. [Eng.]

     Of  the  parochial  clergy,  a  large  proportion  were pluralists.
     Macaulay.

                                   Plurality

   Plu*ral"i*ty  (?),  n.;  pl.  pluralities  (#). [L. pluralitas: cf. F.
   pluralit\'82.]

   1. The state of being plural, or consisting of more than one; a number
   consisting of two or more of the same kind; as, a plurality of worlds;
   the plurality of a verb. <-- p. 103 -->

   2.  The  greater  number;  a  majority;  also, the greatest of several
   numbers; in elections, the excess of the votes given for one candidate
   over  those given for another, or for any other, candidate. When there
   are  more  than  two candidates, the one who receives the plurality of
   votes may have less than a majority. See Majority.

     Take  the  plurality  of  the  world, and they are neither wise nor
     good. L'Estrange.

   3. (Eccl.) See Plurality of benefices, below.
   Plurality  of  benefices  (Eccl.),  the possession by one clergyman of
   more  than one benefice or living. Each benefice thus held is called a
   plurality. [Eng.]
   
                                 Pluralization
                                       
   Plu`ral*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of pluralizing. H. Spencer. 

                                   Pluralize

   Plu"ral*ize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pluralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pluralizing (?).]

   1.  To  make  plural  by  using  the  plural termination; to attribute
   plurality to; to express in the plural form.

   2. To multiply; to make manifold. [R.]

                                   Pluralize

   Plu"ral*ize, v. i.

   1.  To  take a plural; to assume a plural form; as, a noun pluralizes.
   Earle.

   2. (Eccl.) To hold more than one benefice at the same time. [Eng.]

                                  Pluralizer

   Plu"ral*i`zer (?), n. (Eccl.) A pluralist. [R.]

                                   Plurally

   Plu"ral*ly, adv. In a plural manner or sense.

                                    Pluri-

   Plu"ri-  (?). [See Plus.] A combining form from L. plus, pluris, more,
   many; as pluriliteral.

                                    Pluries

   Plu"ri*es  (?), n. [So called from L. pluries many times, often, which
   occurs  in  the first clause.] (Law) A writ issued in the third place,
   after two former writs have been disregarded. Mozley & W.

                                 Plurifarious

   Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous  (?),  a. [L. plurifarius, fr. L. plus, pluris, many.
   Cf. Bifarious.] Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.

                                Plurifoliolate

   Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late  (?),  a.  [Pluri-  +  foliolate.]  (Bot.)  Having
   several or many leaflets.

                                 Pluriliteral

   Plu`ri*lit"er*al  (?),  a.  [Pluri-  +  literal.]  Consisting  of more
   letters than three. -- n. A pluriliteral word.

                                 Plurilocular

   Plu`ri*loc"u*lar  (?),  a. [Pluri- + locular.] Having several cells or
   loculi;  specifically  (Bot.),  having  several  divisions  containing
   seeds;   as,  the  lemon  and  the  orange  are  plurilocular  fruits.
   Plurilocular   sporangia  (Bot.),  many-celled  sporangia,  each  cell
   containing a single spore, as in many alg\'91.

                                  Pluriparous

   Plu*rip"a*rous  (?), a. [Pluri- + L. parere to bring forth.] Producing
   several young at a birth; as, a pluriparous animal.

                                 Pluripartite

   Plu`ri*par"tite (?), a. [Pluri- + partite.] (Bot.) Deeply divided into
   several portions.

                                 Pluripresence

   Plu`ri*pres"ence  (?), n. [Pluri- + presence.] Presence in more places
   than one. [R.] Johnson.

                                    Plurisy

   Plu"ri*sy  (?),  n.  [L.  plus, pluris, more.] Superabundance; excess;
   plethora. [Obs.] Shak.

                                     Plus

   Plus  (?),  a.  [L.,  more;  akin  to  Gr. full. See Full, a., and cf.
   Pi\'97, Pleonasm.]

   1. (Math.) More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from
   negative; -- opposed to minus.

   2. Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual.

     Success  goes  invariably  with  a  certain plus or positive power.
     Emerson.

   Plus  sign (Math.), the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive
   quantity.

                                     Plush

   Plush  (?),  n.  [F.  pluche,  peluche (cf. It. peluzzo), fr. L. pilus
   hair.  See  pile hair, and cf. Peruke.] A textile fabric with a nap or
   shag on one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet. Cowper.

                                    Plushy

   Plush"y (?), a. Like plush; soft and shaggy. H. Kingsley.

                                   Plutarchy

   Plu"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. -archy.] Plutocracy; the rule of wealth. [R.]

                                    Pluteal

   Plu"te*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a pluteus.

                                    Pluteus

   Plu"te*us  (?), n.; pl. L. Plutei (#), E. Pluteuses (#). [L., a shed.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  The  free-swimming  larva  of  sea  urchins and ophiurans,
   having several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods.

                                     Pluto

   Plu"to (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The son of Saturn and Rhea,
   brother  of  Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the Lower
   World.   Pluto   monkey   (Zo\'94l.),  a  long-tailed  African  monkey
   (Cercopithecus  pluto),  having  side  whiskers.  The general color is
   black, more or less grizzled; the frontal band is white.

                                  Plutocracy

   Plu*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. plutocratie.] A form of government in which
   the  supreme  power  is  lodged  in  the hands of the wealthy classes;
   government  by  the  rich; also, a controlling or influential class of
   rich men.

                                   Plutocrat

   Plu"to*crat (?), n. One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one
   of the plutocracy.

                                  Plutocratic

   Plu`to*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to plutocracy; as, plutocratic
   ideas. Bagehot.

                                   Plutology

   Plu*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of wealth.

                                   Plutonian

   Plu*to"ni*an (?), a. [L. Plutonius, Gr. plutonien.] Plutonic. Poe.

                                   Plutonian

   Plu*to"ni*an (?), n. (Geol.) A Plutonist.

                                   Plutonic

   Plu*ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. plutonique. See Pluto.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the
   interior of the earth; subterranean.

   2.  Of,  pertaining  to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists;
   igneous; as, the Plutonic theory.
   Plutonic  action  (Geol.),  the  influence  of volcanic heat and other
   subterranean   forces  under  pressure.  --  Plutonic  rocks  (Geol.),
   granite,  porphyry,  and  some  other  igneous rocks, supposed to have
   consolidated  from  a  melted state at a great depth from the surface.
   Cf.  Intrusive rocks, under Intrusive. -- Plutonic theory. (Geol.) See
   Plutonism.

                                   Plutonism

   Plu"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. plutonisme.] The theory, early advanced in
   geology, that the successive rocks of the earth\'b6s crust were formed
   by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the Neptunian theory.

                                   Plutonist

   Plu"to*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. plutoniste.] One who adopts the geological
   theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See Plutonism.

                                    Plutus

   Plu"tus  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr.  (Class. Myth.) The son of Jason and
   Ceres,  and  the  god  of  wealth.  He  was  represented  as bearing a
   cornucopia,  and  as  blind,  because  his gifts were bestowed without
   discrimination of merit.

                                    Pluvial

   Plu"vi*al,  a.  [L.  pluvialis,  fr.  pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvial. See
   Plover.]

   1. Of or pertaining to rain; rainy. [R.]

   2. (Geol.) Produced by the action of rain.

                                    Pluvial

   Plu"vi*al, n. [LL. pluviale a garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F.
   pluvial.] A priest's cope.

                                  Pluviameter

   Plu`vi*am"e*ter (?), n. See Pluviometer.

                                Pluviametrical

   Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al (?), a. See Pluviometrical.

                                    Pluvian

   Plu"vi*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crocodile bird.

                                  Pluviometer

   Plu`vi*om"e*ter   (?),   n.   [L.   pluvia   rain  +  -meter:  cf.  F.
   pluviom\'8atre.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall
   at any place in a given time; a rain gauge.

                                Pluviometrical

   Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al   (?),   a.  [Cf.  F.  pluviom\'82trique.]  Of  or
   pertaining to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.

                                  Pluvi\'93se

   Plu`vi`\'93se"  (?),  n.  [F.  See  Pluvious.]  The fifth month of the
   French  republican  calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and
   ended February 18. See Vend\'82miaire.

                                   Pluvious

   Plu"vi*ous  (?),  a.  [L.  pluviosus, pluvius, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F.
   pluvieux.  See  Pluvial, a.] Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial. Sir T.
   Browne.

                                      Ply

   Ply  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plying (?).]
   [OE.  plien,  F.  plier  to fold, to bend, fr. L. plicare; akin to Gr.
   flechten.  Cf.  Apply,  Complex,  Display, Duplicity, Employ, Exploit,
   Implicate, Plait, Pliant, Flax.]

   1. To bend. [Obs.]

     As men may warm wax with handes plie. Chaucer.

   2.  To  lay  on  closely,  or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with
   repeated  acts;  to  press upon; to urge importunately; as, to ply one
   with questions, with solicitations, or with drink.

     And plies him with redoubled strokes Dryden.

     He plies the duke at morning and at night. Shak.

   3. To employ diligently; to use steadily.

     Go ply thy needle; meddle not. Shak.

   4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work at.

     Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply. Waller.

                                      Ply

   Ply, v. i.

   1. To bend; to yield. [Obs.]

     It would rather burst atwo than plye. Chaucer.

     The willow plied, and gave way to the gust. L'Estrange.

   2.  To  act,  go,  or  work diligently and steadily; especially, to do
   something  by  repeated  actions;  to go back and forth; as, a steamer
   plies between certain ports.

     Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with plying hard
     and daily). Milton.

     He was forced to ply in the streets as a porter. Addison.

     The heavy hammers and mallets plied. Longfellow.

   3. (Naut.) To work to windward; to beat.

                                      Ply

   Ply, n. [Cf. F. pli, fr. plier. See Ply, v.]

   1. A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a cord. Arbuthnot.

   2. Bent; turn; direction; bias.

     The late learners can not so well take the ply. Bacon.

     Boswell,  and  others  of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not
     understand the secret plies of his character. W. Irving.

     The  czar's  mind had taken a strange ply, which it retained to the
     last. Macaulay.

     NOTE: &hand; Pl y is used in composition to designate folds, or the
     number of webs interwoven; as, a three-ply carpet.

                                     Plyer

   Ply"er  (?), n. One who, or that which, plies; specifically: (a) pl. A
   kind  of  balance  used  in  raising and letting down a drawbridge. It
   consists  of  timbers  joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross. (b)
   pl. See Pliers.

                                    Plyght

   Plyght (?), v. & n. See Plight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                               Plymouth Brethren

   Plym"outh  Breth"ren  (?). The members of a religious sect which first
   appeared  at  Plymouth,  England,  about  1830.  They  protest against
   sectarianism,  and reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called
   Brethren,  Christian  Brethren, Plymouthists, etc. The Darbyites are a
   division of the Brethren.

                                   Pneometer

   Pne*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.

                            Pneumatic, Pneumatical

   Pneu*mat"ic  (?),  Pneu*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. pneumaticus, Gr. fnehan:
   cf. F. pneumatique. Cf. Pneumonia.]

   1.  Consisting  of,  or  resembling,  air; having the properties of an
   elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or solid.

     The  pneumatical substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit
     of the body. Bacon.

   2.  Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties;
   pertaining  to  pneumatics;  as,  pneumatic  experiments. "Pneumatical
   discoveries." Stewart.

   3.  Moved  or  worked  by  pressure  or  flow  of air; as, a pneumatic
   instrument; a pneumatic engine.

   4. (Biol.) Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as,
   pneumatic cells; pneumatic bones.
   Pneumatic  action,  OR  Pneumatic  lever  (Mus.),  a  contrivance  for
   overcoming  the  resistance  of the keys and other movable parts in an
   organ,  by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them. --
   Pneumatic  dispatch,  a  system  of  tubes, leading to various points,
   through  which  letters,  packages,  etc.,  are  sent, by the flow and
   pressure  of  air. -- Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting machine worked by
   compressed air. -- Pneumatic pile, a tubular pile or cylinder of large
   diameter   sunk   by  atmospheric  pressure.  --  Pneumatic  pump,  an
   air-exhausting  or forcing pump. -- Pneumatic railway. See Atmospheric
   railway,  under Atmospheric. -- Pneumatic syringe, a stout tube closed
   at  one  end,  and  provided  with a piston, for showing that the heat
   produced  by  compressing  a  gas will ignite substances. -- Pneumatic
   trough,  a  trough,  generally  made  of wood or sheet metal, having a
   perforated  shelf,  and  used,  when filled with water or mercury, for
   collecting  gases  in  chemical  operations.  --  Pneumatic  tube. See
   Pneumatic dispatch, above.

                                 Pneumaticity

   Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty  (?),  n. (Biol.) The state of being pneumatic, or of
   having  a  cavity or cavities filled with air; as, the pneumaticity of
   the bones of birds.

                                  Pneumatics

   Pneu*mat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatique.]

   1. That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties of
   air   and   other  elastic  fluids,  as  of  their  weight,  pressure,
   elasticity, etc. See Mechanics.

   2.  (Philos.  & Theol.) The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual
   beings and their relations to God, angels, and men.

                                   Pleumato-

   Pleu"ma*to-  (?).  A  combining  form  from  Gr.  wind,  air,  breath,
   respiration; as, pneumatograph, pneumatology.

                                 Pneumatocele

   Pneu*mat"o*cele  (?),  n.  [Pneumato- + Gr. pneumatoc\'8ale.] (Med.) A
   distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia of the lungs.

                                 Pneumatocyst

   Pneu*mat"o*cyst  (?),  n. [Pneumato- + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A cyst or sac
   of  a  siphonophore,  containing  air,  and  serving as a float, as in
   Physalia.

                                 Pneumatogarm

   Pneu*mat"o*garm  (?),  n. [Pneumato- + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing of
   the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.

                                 Pneumatograph

   Pneu*mat"o*graph   (?),   n.   [Pneumato-  +  -graph.]  (Physiol.)  An
   instrument  for  recording  the  movements of the thorax or chest wall
   during respiration; -- also called stethograph.

                                Pneumatological

   Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al   (?),   a.   [Cf.  F.  pneumatologique.]  Of  or
   pertaining to pneumatology.

                                Pneumatologist

   Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F. pneumatologiste.] One versed in
   pneumatology.

                                 Pneumatology

   Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumato- + -logy: cf. F. pneumatologie.]

   1.  The  doctrine  of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids.
   See Pneumatics, 1.

   2.  (Philos.  & Theol.) The science of spiritual being or phenomena of
   any description.

                                 Pneumatometer

   Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter   (?),   n.  [Pneumato-  +  -meter.]  (Physiol.)  An
   instrument  for  measuring the amount of force exerted by the lungs in
   respiration.

                                 Pneumatometry

   Pneu`ma*tom"e*try (?), n. See Spirometry.

                                 Pneumatophore

   Pneu*mat"o*phore  (?),  n.  [Pneumato-  +  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  One of the
   Pneumonophora.

                                Pneumatothorax

   Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax   (?),   n.   [Pneumato-   +  thorax.]  (Med.)  See
   Pneumothorax.

                                    Pneumo-

   Pneu"mo-  (?).  A  combining  form from Gr. a lung; as, pneumogastric,
   pneumology.

                                 Pneumococcus

   Pneu`mo*coc"cus  (?),  n. [See Pneumo-, and Coccus.] (Biol.) A form of
   micrococcus  found  in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering
   with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease.

                                 Pneumogastric

   Pneu`mo*gas"tric (?), a. [Pneumo- + gastric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
   to  the  lungs  and  the  stomach.  --  n.  The  pneumogastric  nerve.
   Pneumogastric  nerve  (Anat.), one of the tenth pair of cranial nerves
   which are distributed to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart,
   stomach,  liver,  and spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the
   branchial apparatus and also to the sides of the body.

                                  Pneumograph

   Pneu"mo*graph (?), n. Same as Pneumatograph.

                                 Pneumography

   Pneu*mog"ra*phy  (?),  n  [Pneumo-  +  -graphy.]  A description of the
   lungs. Dunglison.

                                  Pneumology

   Pneu*mol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Pneumo-  + -logy.] (Anat.) The science which
   treats of the lungs.

                                  Pneumometer

   Pneu*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.

                                  Pneumometry

   Pneu*mom"e*try  (?),  n.  Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for
   air. Dunglison.

                                   Pneumonia

   Pneu*mo"ni*a  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  Pneumatio, Pulmonary.] (Med.)
   Inflammation of the lungs.

     NOTE: &hand;

   Catarrhal pneumonia, OR Broncho-pneumonia, is inflammation of the lung
   tissue,   associated   with  catarrh  and  with  marked  evidences  of
   inflammation  of  bronchial  membranes,  often chronic; -- also called
   lobular  pneumonia,  from  its  affecting single lobules at a time. --
   Croupous  pneumonia,  or  ordinary  pneumonia,  is  an acute affection
   characterized  by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course,
   and sudden decline; -- also called lobar pneumonia, from its affecting
   a  whole  lobe  of  the  lung  at once. See under Croupous. -- Fibroid
   pneumonia  is  an  inflammation  of the interstitial connective tissue
   lying  between  the  lobules  of  the  lungs,  and is very slow in its
   course, producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.

                                   Pneumonic

   Pneu*mon"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  pneumonique.] (a) Of or pertaining to the
   lungs;  pulmonic.  (b)  Of  or  pertaining to pneumonia; as, pneumonic
   symptoms.

                                   Pneumonic

   Pneu*mon"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine for affections of the lungs.

                                  Pneumonitic

   Pneu`mo*nit"ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.

                                  Pneumonitis

   Pneu`mo*ni"tis   (?),   n.   [NL.  See  Pneumo-,  and  -itis.]  (Med.)
   Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia. <-- p. 104 -->

                                 Pneumonometer

   Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [See  Pneumo-,  and -meter.] (Physiol.) A
   spirometer; a pneumometer.

                                 Pneumonophora

   Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of
   Siphonophora  which includes the Physalia and allied genera; -- called
   also Pneumatophor\'91.

                                   Pneumony

   Pneu"mo*ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumonie.] See Pneumonia.

                                Pneumo\'94toka

   Pneu`mo*\'94t"o*ka  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL. See Pneumo-, and O\'94ticoid.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sauropsida.

                                  Pneumophora

   Pneu*moph"o*ra   (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Pneumonophora.]  (Zo\'94l.)
   (Zo\'94l.)  A  division  of  holothurians  having an internal gill, or
   respiratory tree.

                                Pneumoskeleton

   Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton   (?),   n.  [Pneumo-  +  skeleton.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A
   chitinous structure which supports the gill in some invertebrates.

                                 Pneumotherapy

   Pneu`mo*ther"a*py  (?),  n.  [Gr.  therapy.]  (Med.)  The treatment of
   disease by inhalations of compressed or rarefied air.

                                 Pneumothorax

   Pneu`mo*tho"rax  (?), n. [Gr. thorax.] (Med.) A condition in which air
   or  other  gas  is  present in the cavity of the chest; -- called also
   pneumatothorax.

                                   Pnigalion

   Pni*ga"li*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Nightmare.

                                     Pnyx

   Pnyx  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The place at Athens where the
   meetings of the people were held for making decrees, etc.

                                      Poa

   Po"a  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including a
   great  number  of  species, as the kinds called meadow grass, Kentucky
   blue grass, June grass, and spear grass (which see).

                                     Poach

   Poach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poaching.]
   [F.  pocher  to  place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg
   being  as it were pouched in the white), from poche pocket, pouch. See
   Pouch, v. &n.]

   1.  To  cook,  as  eggs, by breaking them into boiling water; also, to
   cook with butter after breaking in a vessel. Bacon.

   2.  To  rob  of  game;  to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game;
   hence, to plunder. Garth.

                                     Poach

   Poach,  v.  i. To steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately,
   as  in  a  bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by
   night;  to  hunt  or  fish unlawfully; as, to poach for rabbits or for
   salmon.

                                     Poach

   Poach, v. t. [Cf. OF. pocher to thrust or dig out with the fingers, to
   bruise  (the  eyes),  F.  pouce thumb, L. pollex, and also E. poach to
   cook eggs, to plunder, and poke to thrust against.]

   1. To stab; to pierce; to spear, \as fish. [Obs.] Carew.

   2. To force, drive, or plunge into anything. [Obs.]

     His  horse  poching one of his legs into some hollow ground. Sir W.
     Temple.

   3. To make soft or muddy by trampling Tennyson.

   4. To begin and not complete. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                     Poach

   Poach, v. i. To become soft or muddy.

     Chalky  and  clay  lands . . . chap in summer, and poach in winter.
     Mortimer.

                                   Poachard

   Poach"ard  (?),  n.  [From  Poach  to  stab.]  [Written  also  pocard,
   pochard.]  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  A common European duck (Aythya ferina); --
   called  also goldhead, poker, and fresh-water, OR red-headed, widgeon.
   (b)  The  American  redhead,  which  is closely allied to the European
   poachard.  Red-crested  poachard (Zo\'94l.), an Old World duck (Branta
   rufina).  --  Scaup  poachard,  the  scaup duck. -- Tufted poachard, a
   scaup duck (Aythya, OR Fuligula cristata), native of Europe and Asia.

                                    Poacher

   Poach"er (?), n.

   1.  One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish contrary to
   law.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) The American widgeon. [Local, U.S.]
   Sea poacher (Zo\'94l.), the lyrie.

                                  Poachiness

   Poach"i*ness (?), n. The state of being poachy; marshiness.

                                    Poachy

   Poach"y  (?),  a. [See Poach to stab.] Wet and soft; easily penetrated
   by the feet of cattle; -- said of land

                                  Poak, Poake

   Poak,  Poake  (?),  n.  Waste  matter  from  the preparation of skins,
   consisting of hair, lime, oil, etc.

                                     Pocan

   Po"can  (?),  n. (Bot.) The poke (Phytolacca decandra); -- called also
   pocan bush.

                                    Pochard

   Po"chard (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Poachard.

                                     Pock

   Pock  (?), n. [OE. pokke, AS. pocc, poc; akin to D. pok, G. pocke, and
   perh.  to  E.  poke a pocket. Cf. Pox.] (Med.) A pustule raised on the
   surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases.

     Of pokkes and of scab every sore. Chaucer.

                                   Pockarred

   Pock"arred (?), a. See Pockmarked. [Obs.]

                                  Pock-broken

   Pock"-bro`ken   (?),   a.   Broken  out,  or  marked,  with  smallpox;
   pock-fretten.

                                    Pocket

   Pock"et (?), n. [OE. poket, Prov. F. & OF. poquette, F. pochette, dim.
   fr.  poque,  pouque, F. poche; probably of Teutonic origin. See Poke a
   pocket, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and Pouch.]

   1.  A  bag or pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for
   carrying  small  articles,  particularly  money;  hence, figuratively,
   money; wealth.

   2.  One  of  several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the
   balls are driven.

   3.  A  large  bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger,
   hops, cowries, etc.

     NOTE: &hand; In  th e wo ol or  hop trade, the pocket contains half
     sack,  or  about  168  Ibs.;  but  it  is  a variable quantity, the
     articles being sold by actual weight.

   4.  (Arch.) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in
   a floor, boxing, partitions, or the like.

   5.  (Mining.)  (a)  A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or
   other  mineral;  a small body of ore contained in such a cavity. (b) A
   hole containing water.

   6.  (Nat.)  A  strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a
   light spar can placed in the interspace.

   7. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pouch.

     NOTE: &hand; Po cket is often used adjectively, or in the formation
     of  compound  words  usually  of  obvious signification; as, pocket
     comb,  pocket  compass, pocket edition, pocket handkerchief, pocket
     money, pocket picking, or pocket-picking, etc.

   Out  of  pocket.  See  under  Out,  prep. -- Pocket borough, a borough
   "owned"  by  some  person.  See under Borough. [Eng.] -- Pocket gopher
   (Zo\'94l.),  any  one  of  several  species of American rodents of the
   genera  Geomys,  and  Thomomys,  family  Geomyd\'91.  They  have large
   external  cheek  pouches,  and  are  fossorial  in  their habits. they
   inhabit  North  America,  from  the  Mississippi  Valley  west  to the
   Pacific.  Called  also pouched gopher. -- Pocket mouse (Zo\'94l.), any
   species  of  American  mice  of  the  family  Saccomyid\'91. They have
   external  cheek  pouches.  Some of them are adapted for leaping (genus
   Dipadomys),  and  are  called  kangaroo  mice.  They are native of the
   Southwestern  United  States, Mexico, etc. -- Pocket piece, a piece of
   money  kept in the pocket and not spent. -- Pocket pistol, a pistol to
   be  carried  in  the  pocket.  -- Pocket sheriff (Eng. Law), a sheriff
   appointed  by the sole authority of the crown, without a nomination by
   the  judges  in  the  exchequer.  Burrill.  <--  deep  pocket, OR deep
   pockets, wealth or substantial financial assets.

     NOTE: Used esp. in legal actions, where plaintiffs desire to find a
     defendant  with "deep pockets", so as to be able to actually obtain
     the  sum  of damages which may be judged due to him. This contrasts
     with  a  "judgment-proof" defendant, one who has neither assets nor
     insurance,  and  against whom a judgment for monetary damages would
     be worthless.

   -->

                                    Pocket

   Pock"et (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pocketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pocketing.]

   1. To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to pocket the change.

     He would pocket the expense of the license. Sterne.

   2. To take clandestinely or fraudulently.

     He  pocketed  pay  in  the  names  of  men  who had long been dead.
     Macaulay.

   To  pocket  a  ball  (Billiards), to drive a ball into a pocket of the
   table.  --  To  pocket an insult, affront, etc., to receive an affront
   without open resentment, or without seeking redress. "I must pocket up
   these wrongs." Shak.
   
                                  Pocketbook
                                       
   Pock"et*book` (?), n. A small book or case for carrying papers, money,
   etc., in the pocket; also, a notebook for the pocket.
   
                                   Pocketful
                                       
   Pock"et*ful  (?), n.; pl. Pocketfuls (. As much as a pocket will hold;
   enough to fill a pocket; as, pocketfuls of chestnuts.
   
                                  Pocketknife
                                       
   Pock"et*knife`  (?),  n.;  pl.  -knives  (.  A  knife with one or more
   blades,  which fold into the handle so as to admit of being carried in
   the pocket.
   
                                 Pock-fretten
                                       
   Pock"-fret`ten (?), a. See Pockmarked.
   
                                   Pockiness
                                       
   Pock"i*ness (?), n. The state of being pocky. 

                                   Pockmark

   Pock"mark (?), n. A mark or pit made by smallpox.

                                  Pockmarked

   Pock"marked` (?), a. Marked by smallpox; pitted.

                                  Pock-pitted

   Pock"-pit`ted (?), a. Pockmarked; pitted.

                                 Pock-pudding

   Pock"-pud`ding  (?),  n. A bag pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule
   formerly applied by the Scotch to the English.

                                   Pockwood

   Pock"wood`  (?), n. [So called because formerly used as a specific for
   the pock.] (Bot.) Lignum-vit\'91.

                                     Pocky

   Pock"y (?), a. [Compar. Pockier (?); superl. Pockiest.] Full of pocks;
   affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease. Bp. Hall.

                                     Poco

   Po"co  (?),  adv.  [It.]  (Mus.)  A little; -- used chiefly in phrases
   indicating  the  time  or  movement; as, poco pi\'97 allegro, a little
   faster;  poco  largo,  rather slow. Poco a poco [It.] (Mus.) Little by
   little; as, poco a poco crescendo, gradually increasing in loudness.
   
                                    Pocock
                                       
   Po"cock (?), n. Peacock. [Obs.] Chaucer. 

                                  Pococurante

   Po`co*cu*ran"te  (?),  n. [It. poco curante caring little.] A careless
   person; a trifler. [R.]

                                 Pococurantism

   Po`co*cu*ran"tism  (?).  n.  Carelessness;  apathy; indifference. [R.]
   Carlyle.

                                    Pocoson

   Po*co"son  (?),  n.  Low, wooded grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland
   and Virginia. [Written also poquoson.] Washington.

                                   Poculent

   Poc"u*lent  (?), a. [L. poculentus, fr. poculum a cup.] Fit for drink.
   [Obs.]  "Some those herbs which are not esculent, are . . . poculent."
   Bacon.

                                  Poculiform

   Poc"u*li*form  (?), a. [L. poculum a cup + -form: cf. F. poculiforme.]
   Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup.

                                     -pod

   -pod  (?).  [See  Foot.]  A  combining  form or suffix from Gr. poy`s,
   podo`s,  foot;  as,  decapod, an animal having ten feet; phyllopod, an
   animal having leaflike feet; myriapod, hexapod.

                                      Pod

   Pod  (?),  n.  [Probably akin to pudding, and perhaps the same word as
   pad  a  cushion; cf. also Dan. pude pillow, cushion, and also E. cod a
   husk, pod.]

   1. A bag; a pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

   2.  (Bot.)  A  capsule  of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent
   fruit. See Illust. of Angiospermous.

   3.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  considerable  number  of  animals closely clustered
   together; -- said of seals.
   Pod  auger,  OR  pod  bit,  an  auger  or  bit the channel of which is
   straight instead of twisted.

                                      Pod

   Pod,  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Podded; p. pr. & vb. n. Podding.] To swell;
   to fill; also, to produce pods.

                                     -poda

   -po*da (?). A New Latin plural combining form or suffix from Gr. foot;
   as, hexapoda, myriapoda. See -pod.

                                    Podagra

   Pod"a*gra  (?), n. [L. See Podagric.] (Med.) Gout in the joints of the
   foot; -- applied also to gout in other parts of body.

                             Podagric, Podagrical

   Po*dag"ric (?), Po*dag"ric*al (?), a. [L. podagricus, Gr.

   1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by gout.

   2. Afflicted with gout. Sir T. Browne.

                                   Podagrous

   Pod"a*grous (?), a. Gouty; podagric.

                                   Podalgia

   Po*dal"gi*a  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Med.) pain in the foot, due to
   gout, rheumatism, etc.

                                  Podarthrum

   Po*dar"thrum  (?),  n.;  pl.  Podarthra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The
   foot joint; in birds, the joint between the metatarsus and the toes.

                                    Podded

   Pod"ded (?), a. Having pods.

                                    Podder

   Pod"der (?), n. One who collects pods or pulse.

                                    Podesta

   Po*des"ta  (?), n. [It. podest\'85, fr. L. potestas power, magistracy.
   See Potent.]

   1. One of the chief magistrates of the Italian republics in the Middle
   Ages. Brande & C.

   2. A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some towns of Italy.

                                   Podetium

   Po*de"ti*um  (?), n.; pl. Podetia (#), E. Podetiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
   (Bot.)  A  stalk which bears the fructification in some lichens, as in
   the so-called reindeer moss.

                                     Podge

   Podge (?), n. [Cf. G. patsche puddle, mire.]

   1. A puddle; a plash. Skinner.

   2. Porridge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

                                     Podgy

   Podg"y (?), a. Fat and short; pudgy.

                                    Podical

   Pod"i*cal  (?)  a.  [L. podex, podicis, the anus.] (Zo\'94l.) Anal; --
   applied to certain organs of insects.

                                   Podiceps

   Pod"i*ceps  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  L. podex, podicis, anus + pes foot.]
   (Zo\'94l.) See Grebe.

                                    Podium

   Po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Podia (#). [L., fr. Gr. Pew.]

   1.  (Arch.)  A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a
   terrace  wall.  It  is  especially employed by arch\'91ologists in two
   senses:  (a)  The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater,
   from  the  top  of  which  the  seats began. (b) The masonry under the
   stylobate   of  a  temple,  sometimes  a  mere  foundation,  sometimes
   containing chambers. See Illust. of Column.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) The foot.

                                    Podley

   Pod"ley (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young coalfish.

                                     Podo-

   Pod"o-  (?).  [See  Foot.]  A combining form or prefix from Gr. poy`s,
   podo`s, foot; as, podocarp, podocephalous, podology.

                                  Podobranch

   Pod"o*branch  (?),  n.  [See  Podo-,  and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
   branchi\'91 attached to the bases of the legs in Crustacea.

                                 Podobranchia

   Pod`o*bran"chi*a  (?)  n., pl. Podobranchle (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
   as Podobranch.

                                   Podocarp

   Pod"o*carp  (?),  n.  [Podo-  +  Gr.  (Bot.)  A  stem,  or  footstalk,
   supporting the fruit.

                                 Podocephalous

   Pod`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Podo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having a head of flowers
   on a long peduncle, or footstalk.

                                  Podogynium

   Pod`o*gyn"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + (Bot.) Same
   as Basigynium

                                 Podophthalmia

   Pod`oph*thal"mi*a  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Podophthalmic.] (Zo\'94l.) The
   stalk-eyed  Crustacea,  --  an  order  of  Crustacea  having  the eyes
   supported  on  movable  stalks.  It  includes the crabs, lobsters, and
   prawns. Called also Podophthalmata, and Decapoda.

                         Podophthalmic, Podophthalmous

   Pod`oph*thal"mic   (?),   Pod`oph*thal"mous   (?),  a.  [Podo-  +  Gr.
   (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the eyes on movable footstalks, or pedicels. (b)
   Of or pertaining to the Podophthalmia.

                                Podophthalmite

   Pod`oph*thal"mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eyestalk of a crustacean.

                                  Podophyllin

   Pod`o*phyl"lin  (?), n. [From Podophyllum.] (Chem.) A brown bitter gum
   extracted  from the rootstalk of the May apple (Podophyllum peltatum).
   It is a complex mixture of several substances.

                                 Podophyllous

   Pod`o*phyl"lous (?), a.

   1. (Zo\'94l.) Having thin, flat, leaflike locomotive organs.

   2.  (Anat.)  Pertaining to, or composing, the layer of tissue, made up
   of lamin\'91, beneath a horse's hoof.

                                  Podophyllum

   Pod`o*phyl"lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot +

   1.  (Bot.)  A  genus  of  herbs  of  the Barberry family, having large
   palmately  lobed  peltate  leaves  and  solitary flower. There are two
   species, the American Podohyllum peltatum, or May apple, the Himalayan
   P. Emodi.

   2.  (Med.)  The  rhizome  and  rootlet  of  the May apple (Podophyllum
   peltatum), -- used as a cathartic drug.

                                   Podoscaph

   Pod"o*scaph  (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. A canoe-shaped float attached to the
   foot, for walking on water.

                                   Podosperm

   Pod"o*sperm  (?),  n.  [Podo- + Gr. podosperme.] (Bot.) The stalk of a
   seed or ovule.

                                  Podostomata

   Pod`o*stom"a*ta  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  poy`s, podo`s, foot +
   (Zo\'94l.)  An order of Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the type. See
   Rhabdopleura.

                                   Podotheca

   Pod`o*the"ca  (?),  n.;  pl.  Podothec\'91  (#).  [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s,
   podo`s,  foot + (Zo\'94l.) The scaly covering of the foot of a bird or
   reptile.

                                    Podrida

   Po*dri"da  (?),  n.  [Sp., rotten.] A miscellaneous dish of meats. See
   Olla-podrida.

                                    Podura

   Po*du"ra  (?),  n.;  pl.  L.  Podur\'91 (#), E. Poduras (#). [NL.; Gr.
   poy`s,  podo`s,  foot  +  Any  small leaping thysanurous insect of the
   genus  Podura  and related genera; a springtail. <-- p. 105 --> Podura
   scale  (Zo\'94l.),  one  of the minute scales with which the body of a
   podura is covered. They are used as test objects for the microscope.

                                    Podurid

   Po*du"rid  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Podura or allied genera.
   -- a. Pertaining to the poduras.

                                      Poe

   Po"e (?), n. Same as Pol.

                                    Poebird

   Po"e*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parson bird.

                                   P\'d2cile

   P\'d2"ci*le (?), n. Same as Poicile.

                                 P\'d2cilitic

   P\'d2`ci*lit"ic  (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) (a) Mottled with various colors;
   variegated; spotted; -- said of certain rocks. (b) Specifically: Of or
   pertaining  to,  or characterizing, Triassic and Permian sandstones of
   red and other colors. [Also written poikilitic.]

                                 P\'d2cilopod

   P\'d2*cil"o*pod  (?), n. [Cf. F. p\'d2cilopode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
   P\'d2cilopoda. Also used adjectively.

                                 P\'d2cilopoda

   P\'d2`ci*lop"o*da  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
   Originally, an artificial group including many parasitic Entomostraca,
   together  with  the  horseshoe  crabs (Limuloidea). (b) By some recent
   writers applied to the Merostomata.

                                     Poem

   Po"em (?), n. [L. po\'89ma, Gr. po\'89me.]

   1.  A  metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain
   measures,  whether  in  blank  verse or in rhyme, and characterized by
   imagination and poetic diction; -- contradistinguished from prose; as,
   the poems of Homer or of Milton.

   2.  A  composition,  not  in  verse,  of  which the language is highly
   imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose poem; the poems of Ossian.

                                   Poematic

   Po`em*at"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry; poetical.
   [R.] Coleridge.

                                    Poenamu

   Po*e"na*mu  (?),  n.  (Min.) A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in
   New Zealand for the manufacture of axes and weapons.

                           P P (?), n. See Penology.

                                   Poephaga

   Po*eph"a*ga   (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  group  of
   herbivorous  marsupials  including  the kangaroos and their allies. --
   Po*eph"a*gous (#), a.

                                     Poesy

   Po"e*sy  (?),  n.  [F. po\'82sie (cf. It. poesia), L. poesis, from Gr.
   Posy.]

   1.  The  art  of  composing  poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the
   heavenly gift of poesy. Shak.

   2. Poetry; metrical composition; poems.

     Music and poesy used to quicken you. Shak.

   3. A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a posy.
   Bacon.

                                     Poet

   Po"et (?), n. [F. po\'89te, L. po\'89ta, fr. Gr. Poem.] One skilled in
   making   poetry;   one  who  has  a  particular  genius  for  metrical
   composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker or writer.

     The  poet's  eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven
     to earth, from earth to heaven. Shak.

     A poet is a maker, as the word signifies. Dryden.

   Poet laureate. See under Laureate.

                                   Poetaster

   Po"et*as`ter  (?),  n.  An  inferior  rhymer,  or  writer of verses; a
   dabbler in poetic art.

     The talk of forgotten poetasters. Macaulay.

                                   Poetastry

   Po"et*as`try (?), n. The works of a poetaster. [R.]

                                    Poetess

   Po"et*ess, n. [Cf. F. po\'82tesse.] A female poet.

                               Poetic, Poetical

   Po*et"ic (?), Po*et"ic*al (?), a. [L. po\'89ticus, Gr. po\'82tiquee.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for writing
   poetry; as, poetic talent, theme, work, sentiments. Shak.

   2.  Expressed  in  metrical  form;  exhibiting  the imaginative or the
   rhythmical  quality  of  poetry;  as, a poetical composition; poetical
   prose.
   Poetic license. See License, n., 4.

                                  Poetically

   Po*et"ic*al*ly, adv. In a poetic manner.

                                    Poetics

   Po*et"ics  (?), n. [Cf. F. po\'82tique, L. po\'89tica, po\'89tice, Gr.
   The principles and rules of the art of poetry. J. Warton.

                                   Poeticule

   Po*et"i*cule (?), n. A poetaster. Swinburne.

                                    Poetize

   Po"et*ize  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p. p. Poetized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Poetizing.]  [Cf.  F.  po\'82tiser.]  To  write  as a poet; to compose
   verse; to idealize.

     I versify the truth, not poetize. Donne.

                                    Poetry

   Po"et*ry (?), n. [OF. poeterie. See Poet.]

   1.  The  art  of apprehending and interpreting ideas by the faculty of
   imagination; the art of idealizing in thought and in expression.

     For poetry is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge,
     human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language. Coleridge.

   2. Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed rhythmically
   or  in  prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse; rhyme; poems
   collectively;  as,  heroic  poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or Pindaric
   poetry. "The planetlike music of poetry." Sir P. Sidney.

     She taketh most delight In music, instruments, and poetry. Shak.

                                   Poetship

   Po"et*ship, n. The state or personality of a poet. [R.]

                                     Poggy

   Pog"gy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) See Porgy. (b) A small whale.

                                     Pogy

   Po"gy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden.

     NOTE: &hand; Po gy is  of ten co nfounded with porgy, and therefore
     incorrectly applied to various fishes.

                                      Poh

   Poh (?), interj. An exclamation expressing contempt or disgust; bah !

                                    Pohagen

   Po*ha"gen, n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pauhaugen.

                                      Poi

   Po"i  (?),  n.  A  national  food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and
   pounding  the  kalo  (or  taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste,
   which is allowed to ferment.

                             Poicile, OR P\'d2cile

   Poi"ci*le  (?),  OR  P\'d2"ci*le  (?),  n. [NL., fr. Gr. poecile.] The
   frescoed porch or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught. R. Browning.

                                   Poignancy

   Poign"an*cy  (?),  n.  The quality or state of being poignant; as, the
   poignancy of satire; the poignancy of grief. Swift.

                                   Poignant

   Poign"ant  (?),  a. [F., p. pr. of poindre to sting, fr. L. pungere to
   prick, sting. See Pungent.]

   1.  Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent. "His poignant spear." Spenser.
   "Poynaunt sauce." Chaucer.

   2. Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical.

     His wit . . . became more lively and poignant. Sir W. Scott.

                                  Poignantly

   Poign"ant*ly, adv. In a poignant manner.

                                  Poikilitic

   Poi`ki*lit"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See P\'d2cilitic.

                                  Poikilocyte

   Poi"ki*lo*cyte  (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) An irregular form of corpuscle
   found  in  the  blood  in  cases  of  profound  an\'91mia,  probably a
   degenerated red blood corpuscle.

                        Poikilothermal, Poikilothermic

   Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal  (?),  Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  thermal,
   thermic.]   (Physiol.)   Having   a   varying  body  temperature.  See
   Homoiothermal.

                                Poikilothermous

   Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous (?), a. (Physiol.) Poikilothermal.

                                   Poinciana

   Poin`ci*a"na  (?), n. [NL. Named after M. de Poinci, a governor of the
   French  West  Indies.] (Bot.) A prickly tropical shrub (C\'91salpinia,
   formerly  Poinciana,  pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes
   of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e ge nus Po inciana is  ke pt up for three trees of
     Eastern Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.

                                     Poind

   Poind (?), v. t. [See Pound to confine.]

   1. To impound, as cattle. [Obs. or Scot.] Flavel.

   2. To distrain. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

                                    Poinder

   Poind"er (?), n.

   1. The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder. [Obs. or Scot.] T. Adams.

   2. One who distrains property. [Scot.] Jamieson.

                                  Poinsettia

   Poin*set"ti*a  (?),  n.  [NL.  Named  after  Joel R. Poinsett of South
   Carolina.]  (Bot.)  A  Mexican shrub (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with very
   large and conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish flowers.

                                     Point

   Point (?), v. t. & i. To appoint. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                     Point

   Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr.
   pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Puncto, Puncture.]

   1.  That  which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the
   sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin.

   2.  An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by
   engravers,  etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting
   tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also pointer.

   3.  Anything  which  tapers  to  a  sharp,  well-defined  termination.
   Specifically:  A  small  promontory or cape; a tract of land extending
   into the water beyond the common shore line.

   4.  The  mark  made  by  the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a
   needle; a prick.

   5.  An  indefinitely  small  space; a mere spot indicated or supposed.
   Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that
   which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, --
   sometimes  conceived  of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of
   which a line is conceived to be produced.

   6.  An  indivisible  portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the
   verge.

     When time's first point begun Made he all souls. Sir J. Davies.

   7.  A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a
   composition,  or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off
   groups  of  figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a
   period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion.

     And there a point, for ended is my tale. Chaucer.

     Commas and points they set exactly right. Pope.

   8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to
   indicate  a  transition from one state or position to another, degree;
   step;  stage;  hence,  position  or condition attained; as, a point of
   elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by
   tenpoints. "A point of precedence." Selden. "Creeping on from point to
   point." Tennyson.

     A lord full fat and in good point. Chaucer.

   9.  That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character;
   a   salient   feature;  a  characteristic;  a  peculiarity;  hence,  a
   particular;  an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a
   horse, a book, a story, etc.

     He told him, point for point, in short and plain. Chaucer.

     In point of religion and in point of honor. Bacon.

     Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ? Milton.

   10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument,
   discourse,  etc.;  the  essential  matter; esp., the proposition to be
   established;  as,  the  point  of  an anecdote. "Here lies the point."
   Shak.

     They will hardly prove his point. Arbuthnot.

   11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio.

     This fellow doth not stand upon points. Shak.

     [He] cared not for God or man a point. Spenser.

   12.  (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as:
   (a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain
   tones  or  styles;  as,  points  of perfection, of augmentation, etc.;
   hence,  a  note;  a  tune.  "Sound  the  trumpet -- not a levant, or a
   flourish,  but  a  point  of war." Sir W. Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot
   placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its
   time,  by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes,
   a half note equal to three quarter notes.

   13.  (Astron.)  A  fixed  conventional place for reference, or zero of
   reckoning,  in  the  heavens,  usually the intersection of two or more
   great  circles  of  the  sphere,  and  named specifically in each case
   according  to  the  position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the
   solstitial  points;  the  nodal  points;  vertical  points,  etc.  See
   Equinoctial Nodal.

   14.  (Her.)  One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See
   Escutcheon.

   15.  (Naut.)  (a)  One of the points of the compass (see Points of the
   compass,  below);  also,  the  difference  between  two  points of the
   compass; as, to fall off a point. (b) A short piece of cordage used in
   reefing sails. See Reef point, under Reef.

   16.  (Anc.  Costume)  A  a string or lace used to tie together certain
   parts of the dress. Sir W. Scott.

   17.  Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See
   Point lace, below.

   18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.]

   19.  An  item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant,
   U. S.]

   20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve
   or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman.

   21.  The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the
   dog came to a point. See Pointer.

   22.  (Type  Making)  A  standard  unit of measure for the size of type
   bodies,  being  one  twelfth  of the thickness of pica type. See Point
   system of type, under Type.

   23. A tyne or snag of an antler.

   24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board.

   25.  (Fencing)  A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce
   point.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rd po int is  a general term, much used in the
     sciences,  particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and
     physics,  but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that
     of  degree,  or  condition  of  change,  and with some accompanying
     descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the
     specific  uses  are explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry
     point, freezing point, melting point, vanishing point, etc.

   At all points, in every particular, completely; perfectly. Shak. -- At
   point,  In  point, At, In, OR On, the point, as near as can be; on the
   verge;  about (see About, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was
   on  the  point  of  speaking. "In point to fall down." Chaucer. "Caius
   Sidius  Geta,  at  point  to  have  been  taken,  recovered himself so
   valiantly  as brought day on his side." Milton. -- Dead point. (Mach.)
   Same   as   Dead   center,   under  Dead.  --  Far  point  (Med.),  in
   ophthalmology,   the   farthest   point  at  which  objects  are  seen
   distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at which objects are seen
   distinctly;  either with the two eyes together (binocular near point),
   or  with each eye separately (monocular near point). -- Nine points of
   the  law, all but the tenth point; the greater weight of authority. --
   On  the  point.  See At point, above. -- Point lace, lace wrought with
   the  needle,  as  distinguished from that made on the pillow. -- Point
   net,  a  machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels
   ground). -- Point of concurrence (Geom.), a point common to two lines,
   but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that
   in  which  a  cycloid  meets its base. -- Point of contrary flexure, a
   point at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which
   its  convexity  and  concavity  change  sides.  --  Point of order, in
   parliamentary  practice,  a  question  of order or propriety under the
   rules. -- Point of sight (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point
   assumed  as  that  occupied  by  the eye of the spectator. -- Point of
   view, the relative position from which anything is seen or any subject
   is considered. -- Points of the compass (Naut.), the thirty-two points
   of  division  of  the  compass  card  in  the  mariner's  compass; the
   corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to
   be  divided,  of  which the four marking the directions of east, west,
   north,  and  south, are called cardinal points, and the rest are named
   from  their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N.,
   N.  E.,  etc. See Illust. under Compass. -- Point paper, paper pricked
   through  so  as  to form a stencil for transferring a design. -- Point
   system  of type. See under Type. -- Singular point (Geom.), a point of
   a  curve  which  possesses  some  property  not possessed by points in
   general  on  the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc.
   --  To  carry  one's  point,  to  accomplish  one's  object,  as  in a
   controversy.  --  To make a point of, to attach special importance to.
   --  To  make,  OR  gain,  a point, accomplish that which was proposed;
   also,  to  make  advance by a step, grade, or position. -- To mark, OR
   score,  a  point,  as in billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to
   make,  a  successful hit, run, etc. -- To strain a point, to go beyond
   the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience. --
   Vowel  point,  in  Hebrew,  and  certain  other  Eastern  and  ancient
   languages,  a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to
   it,  representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows
   the consonant.

                                     Point

   Point  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Pointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pointing.]
   [Cf. F. pointer. See Point, n.]

   1. To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, forge, grind, or file to an
   acute  end;  as, to point a dart, or a pencil. Used also figuratively;
   as, to point a moral.

   2.  To  direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to point a gun at a wolf,
   or a cannon at a fort.

   3. Hence, to direct the attention or notice of.

     Whosoever  should  be  guided  through  his battles by Minerva, and
     pointed to every scene of them. Pope.

   4.  To  supply  with  punctuation  marks; to punctuate; as, to point a
   composition.

   5. To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points.

   6. To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special manner;
   to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the error was pointed out. Pope.

     He  points  it,  however,  by no deviation from his straightforward
     manner of speech. Dickens.

   7. To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game.

   8.  (Masonry)  To  fill  up  and  finish  the  joints  of (a wall), by
   introducing  additional  cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth
   surface.

   9. (Stone Cutting) To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool.
   To  point  a  rope  (Naut.), to taper and neatly finish off the end by
   interweaving  the nettles. -- To point a sail (Naut.), to affix points
   through the eyelet holes of the reefs. -- To point off, to divide into
   periods  or  groups,  or  to  separate, by pointing, as figures. -- To
   point  the yards (of a vessel) (Naut.), to brace them so that the wind
   shall strike the sails obliquely. Totten. <-- p. 106 -->

                                     Point

   Point (point), v. i.

   1.  To  direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the purpose
   of designating an object, and attracting attention to it; -- with at.

     Now must the world point at poor Katharine. Shak.

     Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe. Dryden.

   2.  To  indicate  the  presence  of  game by fixed and steady look, as
   certain hunting dogs do.

     He treads with caution, and he points with fear. Gay.

   3.  (Med.)  To  approximate  to  the  surface;  to head; -- said of an
   abscess.
   To  point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing
   attention  to. -- To point well (Naut.), to sail close to the wind; --
   said of a vessel.

                                    Pointal

   Point"al  (?),  n. [From Point: cf. F. pointal an upright wooden prop,
   OF. pointille a prick or prickle.]

   1. (Bot.) The pistil of a plant.

   2. A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets of the Middle Ages.
   "A pair of tablets [i. e., tablets] . . . and a pointel." Chaucer.

   3. (Arch.) See Poyntel. [Obs. or R.]

                                  Point-blank

   Point`-blank" (?), n. [F. point point + blanc white.]

   1.  The  white spot on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is
   aimed. [Obs.] Jonson.

   2.  (Mil.)  (a)  With  all  small  arms, the second point in which the
   natural  line of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory. (b) With
   artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the horizontal
   plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece being horizontal.

                                  Point-blank

   Point`-blank", a.

   1.  Directed  in  a  line  toward  the object aimed at; aimed directly
   toward the mark.

   2.  Hence,  direct;  plain;  unqualified;  --  said of language; as, a
   point-blank assertion.
   Point-blank  range,  the  extent  of the apparent right line of a ball
   discharged.  --  Point-blank  shot, the shot of a gun pointed directly
   toward the object to be hit.

                                  Point-blank

   Point`-blank", adv. In a point-blank manner.

     To sin point-blank against God's word. Fuller.

   <-- the following foreign words had no mark in front, in the original.
   Why? -->

                                 Point d'appui

   Point` d'ap`pui" (?). [F.] (Mil.) See under Appui.

                          Point-device, Point-devise

   Point`-de*vice",  Point`-de*vise" (?), a. [OE. at point devis; at at +
   point  point,  condition + devis exact, careful, OF. devis fixed, set.
   See Device.] Uncommonly nice and exact; precise; particular.

     You are rather point-devise in your accouterments. Shak.

     Thus  he grew up, in logic point-devise, Perfect in grammar, and in
     rhetoric nice. Longfellow.

                          Point-device, Point-devise

   Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise", adv. Exactly. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Pointed

   Point"ed (?), a.

   1. Sharp; having a sharp point; as, a pointed rock.

   2. Characterized by sharpness, directness, or pithiness of expression;
   terse;  epigrammatic;  especially,  directed to a particular person or
   thing.

     His moral pleases, not his pointed wit. Pope.

   Pointed  arch  (Arch.), an arch with a pointed crown. -- Pointed style
   (Arch.),  a  name  given  to  that  style of architecture in which the
   pointed  arch  is  the  predominant  feature;  -- more commonly called
   Gothic. -- Point"ed*ly, adv. -- Point"ed*ness, n.

                                    Pointel

   Point"el (?), n. [From Point. Cf. Pointal.] See Pointal.

                                    Pointer

   Point"er (?), n. One who, or that which, points. Specifically: (a) The
   hand  of a timepiece. (b) (Zo\'94l.) One of a breed of dogs trained to
   stop  at  scent  of game, and with the nose point it out to sportsmen.
   (c)  pl.  (Astron.) The two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Great Bear,
   the  line  between  which  points nearly in the direction of the north
   star.  See  Illust.  of  Ursa  Major.  (b) pl. (Naut.) Diagonal braces
   sometimes fixed across the hold.

                                   Pointing

   Point"ing, n.

   1. The act of sharpening.

   2.  The  act  of  designating, as a position or direction, by means of
   something pointed, as a finger or a rod.

   3. The act or art of punctuating; punctuation.

   4. The act of filling and finishing the joints in masonry with mortar,
   cement, etc.; also, the material so used.

   5.  The  rubbing  off  of  the  point  of the wheat grain in the first
   process of high milling.

   6. (Sculpt.) The act or process of measuring, at the various distances
   from  the  surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece
   of  statuary;  also,  a  process  used  in cutting the statue from the
   artist's model.

                                 Pointingstock

   Point`ing*stock`   (?),   n.   An  object  of  ridicule  or  scorn;  a
   laughingstock. Shak.

                                   Pointless

   Point"less, a. Having no point; blunt; wanting keenness; obtuse; as, a
   pointless  sword;  a  pointless  remark.  Syn. -- Blunt; obtuse, dull;
   stupid.

                                  Pointlessly

   Point"less*ly, adv. Without point.

                                  Pointleted

   Point"let*ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having a small, distinct point; apiculate.
   Henslow.

                                   Pointrel

   Poin"trel (?), n. A graving tool. Knight.

                                   Pointsman

   Points"man  (?), n.; pl. -men (-men). A man who has charge of railroad
   points or switches. [Eng.]

                                     Poise

   Poise (?), n. [OE. pois, peis, OF. pois, peis, F. poids, fr. L. pensum
   a  portion  weighed out, pendere to weigh, weigh out. Cf. Avoirdupois,
   Pendant, Poise, v.] [Formerly written also peise.]

   1.  Weight;  gravity;  that which causes a body to descend; heaviness.
   "Weights of an extraordinary poise." Evelyn. <-- Obsolete? -->

   2.  The  weight,  or  mass  of metal, used in weighing, to balance the
   substance weighed.

   3.  The  state  of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise;
   balance; equilibrium; rest. Bentley.

   4. That which causes a balance; a counterweight.

     Men  of  unbounded  imagination  often  want the poise of judgment.
     Dryden.

                                     Poise

   Poise  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Poised, (; p. pr. & vb. n. Poising.]
   [OE.  poisen, peisen, OF. & F. peser, to weigh, balance, OF. il peise,
   il  poise,  he  weighs,  F. il p\'8ase, fr. L. pensare, v. intens. fr.
   pendere  to  weigh. See Poise, n., and cf. Pensive.] [Formerly written
   also peise.]

   1.  To  balance; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales of a
   balance.

   2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance.

     Nor  yet was earth suspended in the sky; Nor poised, did on her own
     foundation lie. Dryden.

   3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance.

     One scale of reason to poise another of sensuality. Shak.

     To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit. Dryden.

   4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.

     He  can  not sincerely consider the strength, poise the weight, and
     discern the evidence. South.

   5. To weigh (down); to oppress. [Obs.]

     Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow. Shak.

                                     Poise

   Poise,  v.  i.  To  hang  in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended;
   hence, to be in suspense or doubt.

     The slender, graceful spars Poise aloft in air. Longfellow.

                                    Poiser

   Pois"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The balancer of dipterous insects.

                                    Poison

   Poi"son (?), n. [F. poison, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L. potio
   a  drink,  draught,  potion, a poisonous draught, fr. potare to drink.
   See Potable, and cf. Potion.]

   1.  Any  agent  which,  when  introduced  into the animal organism, is
   capable  of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; as,
   morphine is a deadly poison; the poison of pestilential diseases.

   2.  That  which  taints  or  destroys  moral purity or health; as, the
   poison of evil example; the poison of sin.
   Poison  ash.  (Bot.)  (a)  A tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera)
   found  in  the  West  Indies,  from  the trunk of which a black liquor
   distills,  supposed  to have poisonous qualities. (b) The poison sumac
   (Rhus  venenata).  [U.  S.] -- Poison dogwood (Bot.), poison sumac. --
   Poison  fang  (Zo\'94l.),  one of the superior maxillary teeth of some
   species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp, is
   either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower end
   of  which  the  duct of the poison gland terminates. See Illust. under
   Fang.  --  Poison  gland (Biol.), a gland, in animals or plants, which
   secretes  an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ
   capable  of  inflicting a wound. -- Poison hemlock (Bot.), a poisonous
   umbelliferous  plant  (Conium  maculatum).  See Hemlock. -- Poison ivy
   (Bot.),  a  poisonous  climbing  plant  (Rhus  Toxicodendron) of North
   America.  It  is common on stone walls and on the trunks of trees, and
   has  trifoliate,  rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people
   are poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See Poison sumac. Called
   also  poison  oak,  and mercury. -- Poison nut. (Bot.) (a) Nux vomica.
   (b) The tree which yields this seed (Strychnos Nuxvomica). It is found
   on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. -- Poison oak (Bot.), the poison
   ivy; also, the more shrubby Rhus diversiloba of California and Oregon.
   Poison  sac. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Poison gland, above. See Illust. under
   Fang.  -- Poison sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus Rhus (R.
   venenata);  --  also  called  poison  ash,  poison dogwood, and poison
   elder.  It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles,
   and usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy
   (Rhus  Toxicodendron)  have clusters of smooth greenish white berries,
   while  the  red-fruited  species  of this genus are harmless. The tree
   (Rhus vernicifera) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer is almost
   identical with the poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice
   of  the  poison  sumac  also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan.
   Syn.  -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity. -- Poison, Venom. Poison
   usually  denotes  something  received  into  the  system by the mouth,
   breath,  etc.  Venom is something discharged from animals and received
   by  means  of a wound, as by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions,
   etc.  Hence,  venom  specifically  implies some malignity of nature or
   purpose. 

                                    Poison

   Poi"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poisoning.]
   [Cf. OF. poisonner, F. empoissoner, L. potionare to give to drink. See
   Poison, n.]

   1. To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; as, to poison an
   arrow;  to  poison  food  or  drink.  "The ingredients of our poisoned
   chalice." Shak.

   2. To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to.

     If you poison us, do we not die ? Shak.

   3.  To  taint;  to  corrupt;  to  vitiate; as, vice poisons happiness;
   slander poisoned his mind.

     Whispering tongues can poison truth. Coleridge.

                                    Poison

   Poi"son, v. i. To act as, or convey, a poison.

     Tooth that poisons if it bite. Shak.

                                  Poisonable

   Poi"son*a*ble (?), a.

   1.  Capable  of  poisoning;  poisonous.  [Obs.] "Poisonable heresies."
   Tooker.

   2. Capable of being poisoned.

                                   Poisoner

   Poi"son*er (?), n. One who poisons. Shak.

                                   Poisonous

   Poi"son*ous  (?),  a.  Having  the  qualities  or  effects  of poison;
   venomous;  baneful; corrupting; noxious. Shak. -- Poi"son*ous*ly, adv.
   -- Poi"son*ous*ness, n.

                                  Poisonsome

   Poi"son*some (?), a. Poisonous.[Obs.] Holland.

                                    Poisure

   Poi"sure (?), n. [See Poise.] Weight. [Obs.]

                                    Poitrel

   Poi"trel  (?),  n.  [OE.  poitrel,  F.  poitrail,  fr.  L. pectorale a
   breastplate,  fr.  pectoralis,  a.  See Pectoral, a.] (Anc. Armor) The
   breastplate of the armor of a horse. See Peytrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Poize

   Poize (?), n. See Poise. [Obs.]

                                     Pokal

   Po*kal" (?), n. [G.] A tall drinking cup.

                                     Poke

   Poke  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  A  large  North  American  herb  of  the genus
   Phytolacca (P. decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called
   also  garget,  pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries
   have  emetic  and  purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The
   young  shoots  are  sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and
   the berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.

                                     Poke

   Poke,  n.  [AS.  poca,  poha, pohha; akin to Icel. poki, OD. poke, and
   perh. to E. pock; cf. also Gael.poca, and OF. poque. Cf. Pock, Pocket,
   Pouch.]

   1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. "He drew a dial from his poke." Shak.

     They wallowed as pigs in a poke. Chaucer.

   2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve.
   To  boy  a  pig  a  poke  (that  is, in a bag), to buy a thing without
   knowledge or examination of it. Camden.

                                     Poke

   Poke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poking.] [Cf. LG.
   poken  to  prick,  pierce,  thrust,  pok  a dagger, knife, D. pook, G.
   pocken to beat, also Ir. poc a blow, Gael. puc to push.]

   1.  To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to
   stir up; to excite; as, to poke a fire.

     He poked John, and said "Sleepest thou ?" Chaucer.

   2. To thrust with the horns; to gore.

   3.  [From  5th Poke, 3.] To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [Colloq.
   U. S.]
   To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun
   at, to make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.]

                                     Poke

   Poke,  v.  i.  To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope;
   as, to poke about.

     A man must have poked into Latin and Greek. Prior.

                                     Poke

   Poke, n.

   1.  The  act  of  poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs. Ld.
   Lytton.

   2.  A  lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person.
   [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

   3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through
   fences.  It  consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward.
   [U.S.]
   Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.

                                    Pokebag

   Poke"bag`  (?),  n.  [So  called  in  allusion  to  its baglike nest.]
   (Zo\'94l.)   The   European   long-tailed  titmouse;  --  called  also
   poke-pudding. [Prov. Eng.]

                                     Poker

   Pok"er (?), n. [From Poke to push.]

   1. One who pokes.

   2.  That  which  pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or
   rod used in stirring a fire of coals.

   3. A poking-stick. Decker.

   4. (Zo\'94l.) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.]
   Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings,
   by  singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron.<--
   wood burning? --> Fairholt.

                                     Poker

   Pok"er,  n.  [Of uncertain etymol.] A game at cards derived from brag,
   and  first  played  about  1835  in  the  Southwestern  United States.
   Johnson's Cyc. <--

     NOTE: A po ker ha nd is  pl ayed wi th a  po ker de ck, composed of
     fifty-two  cards,  of  thirteeen  values,  each  card  value  being
     represented  once  in  each of four "suits", namely spades, hearts,
     diamonds,  and  clubs.  The  game is played in many variations, but
     almost  invariably the stage of decision as to who wins occurs when
     each  player has five cards (or chooses five cards from some larger
     number available to him). The winner usually is the player with the
     highest-valued hand, but, in some variations, the winner may be the
     player  with  the lowest-valued hand. The value of a hand is ranked
     by  hand types, representing the relationships of the cards to each
     other.  [The  hand types are ranked by the probability of receiving
     such a hand when dealt five cards.] Within each hand type the value
     is  also  ranked  by  the  values  of the cards. The hand types are
     labeled, in decreasing value: five of a kind; royal flush; straight
     flush;  four  of  a  kind;  full  house (coll. full boat, or boat);
     flush;  straight;  three  of a kind; two pairs; one pair; and, when
     the contending players have no hands of any of the above types, the
     player  with the highest-valued card wins -- if there is a tie, the
     next-highest-valued card of the tied players determines the winner,
     and  so on. If two players have the same type of hand, the value of
     the  cards  within  each  type  determines the winner; thus, if two
     players both have three of a kind (and no other player has a higher
     type  of  hand),  the  player  whose  three  matched cards have the
     highest card value is the winner. -->

                                     Poker

     Pok"er,  n.  [Cf.  Dan.  pokker  the  deuce, devil, also W. pwci, a
     hobgoblin,  bugbear,  and  E. puck.] Any imagined frightful object,
     especially  one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq.
     U. S.]

                                   Pokerish

     Pok"er*ish,  a.  Infested  by pokers; adapted to excite fear; as, a
     pokerish place. [Colloq. U. S.]

     There is something pokerish about a deserted dwelling. Lowell.

                                   Pokerish

     Pok"er*ish, a. Stiff like a poker. [Colloq.]

                                     Poket

     Pok"et (?), n. A pocket. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Pokeweed

     Poke"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Poke, the plant.

                                     Pokey

     Pok"ey (?), a. See Poky.

                                    Poking

     Pok"ing (?), a. Drudging; servile. [Colloq.]

     Bred to some poking profession. Gray.

                                 Poking-stick

     Pok"ing-stick` (?), n. A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used
     in adjusting the plaits of ruffs. Shak.

                                     Poky

     Pok"y (?), a. [Written also pokey.]

     1. Confined; cramped. [Prov. Eng.]

     2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting. [Colloq.]

                                    Polacca

     Po*lac"ca  (?), n. [It. polacca, polaccra, polacra; cf. F. polaque,
     polacre, Sp. polacre,] [Written also polacre.]

     1.  (Naut.)  A  vessel  with  two  or  three  masts,  used  in  the
     Mediterranean.  The  masts  are  usually  of one piece, and without
     tops, caps, or crosstrees.

     2. (Mus.) See Polonaise.

                                    Polack

     Po"lack (?), n. A Polander. Shak.

                                    Polacre

     Po*la"cre (?), n. Same as Polacca, 1.

                                   Polander

     Po"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.

                                     Polar

     Po"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.]

     1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  one  of the poles of the earth, or of a
     sphere;  situated  near,  or proceeding from, one of the poles; as,
     polar regions; polar seas; polar winds.

     2.  Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which
     the magnetic needle is directed.

     3.  (Geom.)  Pertaining  to,  reckoned  from,  or  having  a common
     radiating point; as, polar co\'94rdinates.

   Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial,
   which  is  parallel  to  the  earths axis. -- Polar bear (Zo\'94l.), a
   large  bear  (Ursus,  OR  Thalarctos, maritimus) inhabiting the arctic
   regions.  It  sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs
   1,600  pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most
   carnivorous  of  all  the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow.
   Called  also  White  bear.  See  Bear. -- Polar body, cell, OR globule
   (Biol.),  a  minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum
   during  its  maturation.  In  the maturation of ordinary ova two polar
   bodies  are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar
   body  formed  is usually larger than the second one, and often divides
   into  two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies
   removes  maternal  chromatin  from  the  ovum  to  make  room  for the
   chromatin  of the fertilizing spermatozo\'94n; but their functions are
   not fully understood. -- Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles,
   each  at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of
   the  ecliptic,  or  about  23°  28\'b7, the northern called the arctic
   circle, and the southern the antarctic circle. -- Polar clock, a tube,
   containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that
   of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by
   being  turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of
   the  sky,  which  is always 90° from the sun. -- Polar co\'94rdinates.
   See  under  3d  Co\'94rdinate.  --  Polar  dial, a dial whose plane is
   parallel  to  a  great  circle passing through the poles of the earth.
   Math.  Dict. -- Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a
   sphere from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the
   north  pole of the heavens. -- Polar equation of a line OR surface, an
   equation which expresses the relation between the polar co\'94rdinates
   of  every  point  of  the  line or surface. -- Polar forces (Physics),
   forces  that  are developed and act in pairs, with opposite tendencies
   or  properties in the two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc. --
   Polar   hare  (Zo\'94l.),  a  large  hare  of  Arctic  America  (Lepus
   arcticus),  which turns pure white in winter. It is probably a variety
   of  the common European hare (L. timidus). -- Polar lights, the aurora
   borealis  or  australis.  -- Polar, OR Polaric, opposition OR contrast
   (Logic),  an  opposition  or  contrast  made  by  the existence of two
   opposite conceptions which are the extremes in a species, as white and
   black  in  colors;  hence,  as  great  an  opposition  or  contrast as
   possible.   --  Polar  projection.  See  under  Projection.  --  Polar
   spherical  triangle  (Spherics),  a  spherical  triangle  whose  three
   angular  points  are  poles  of the sides of a given triangle. See 4th
   Pole,  2.  -- Polar whale (Zo\'94l.), the right whale, or bowhead. See
   Whale. <-- p. 107 -->

                                     Polar

   Po"lar  (?),  n. (Conic Sections) The right line drawn through the two
   points  of  contact  of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a
   given  conic  section. The given point is called the pole of the line.
   If  the  given  point  lies  within the curve so that the two tangents
   become imaginary, there is still a real polar line which does not meet
   the curve, but which possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the
   focus and directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar
   curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar
   planes to surfaces of the second degree.

                                   Polarchy

   Pol"ar*chy (?), n. See Polyarchy.

                                    Polaric

   Po*lar"ic (?), a. See Polar. [R.]

                                   Polarily

   Po"lar*i*ly  (?),  adv. In a polary manner; with polarity. [R.] Sir T.
   Browne.

                                  Polarimeter

   Po`lar*im"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Polar  + -meter.] (Opt.) An instrument for
   determining  the amount of polarization of light, or the proportion of
   polarized light, in a partially polarized ray.

                                  Polarimetry

   Po`lar*im"e*try  (?),  n.  (Opt.)  The art or process of measuring the
   polarization of light.

                                    Polaris

   Po*la"ris  (?),  n. [NL. See Polar.] (Astron.) The polestar. See North
   star, under North.

                                  Polariscope

   Po*lar"i*scope   (?),  n.  [Polar  +  -scope.]  (Opt.)  An  instrument
   consisting  essentially  of  a  polarizer  and  an  analyzer, used for
   polarizing light, and analyzing its properties.

                                 Polariscopic

   Po*lar`i*scop"ic  (?),  a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the polariscope;
   obtained by the use of a polariscope; as, polariscopic observations.

                                  Polariscopy

   Po`lar*is"co*py   (?),   n.   (Opt.)  The  art  or  rocess  of  making
   observations with the polariscope.

                                  Polaristic

   Po`lar*is"tic  (?),  a.  Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a
   polar arrangement or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the
   possession   of   poles   or  polar  characteristics;  as,  polaristic
   antagonism.

                                   Polarity

   Po*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. polarit\'82.]

   1. (Physics) That quality or condition of a body in virtue of which it
   exhibits  opposite,  or contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite,
   or  contrasted,  parts  or directions; or a condition giving rise to a
   contrast  of  properties corresponding to a contrast of positions, as,
   for  example,  attraction  and  repulsion  in  the opposite parts of a
   magnet,  the dissimilar phenomena corresponding to the different sides
   of a polarized ray of light, etc.

   2. (Geom.) A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given
   point  determines  a  corresponding  right line and a given right line
   determines a corresponding point. See Polar, n.

                                  Polarizable

   Po"lar*i`za*ble (?), a. Susceptible of polarization.

                                 Polarization

   Po`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. polarisation.]

   1.  The  act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having
   polarity.

   2.  (Opt.)  A  peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or
   heat,  in  consequence  of  which they exhibit different properties in
   different directions.

     NOTE: &hand; If  a  be am of light, which has been reflected from a
     plate  of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56\'f8, be received
     upon a second plate of glass similar to the former, and at the same
     angle  of  incidence,  the light will be readily reflected when the
     two planes of incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be
     reflected  when  the  two  planes of incidence are perpendicular to
     each  other.  The  light has, therefore, acquired new properties by
     reflection  from  the first plate of glass, and is called polarized
     light,  while  the  modification which the light has experienced by
     this reflection is called polarization. The plane in which the beam
     of  light is reflected from the first mirror is called the plane of
     polarization.  The  angle  of  polarization is the angle at which a
     beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization may
     be  the  most  complete. The term polarization was derived from the
     theory  of  emission,  and  it  was  conceived  that  each luminous
     molecule has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this
     view  is not now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary
     light  is produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the
     direction  of the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as
     to  any  particular  direction.  But  when,  by  any  means, these,
     vibrations  are  made to take place in one plane, the light is said
     to  be  plane polarized. If only a portion of the vibrations lie in
     one  plane  the ray is said to be partially polarized. Light may be
     polarized  by  several  methods  other  than  by  reflection, as by
     refraction  through most crystalline media, or by being transmitted
     obliquely through several plates of glass with parallel faces. If a
     beam  of polarized light be transmitted through a crystal of quartz
     in  the  direction  of  its axis, the plane of polarization will be
     changed  by  an angle proportional to the thickness of the crystal.
     This  phenomenon  is  called rotatory polarization. A beam of light
     reflected  from  a  metallic  surface, or from glass surfaces under
     certain   peculiar   conditions,  acquires  properties  still  more
     complex,  its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular,
     or  elliptical.  This  phenomenon  is called circular or elliptical
     polarization.

   3. (Elec.) An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or
   the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of
   the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to
   the  hydrogen,  and  results in an increase of the resistance, and the
   setting  up  of  an  opposing electro-motive force, both of which tend
   materially  to  weaken  the  current  of  the battery, or that passing
   through the cell.

                                   Polarize

   Po"lar*ize  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Polarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Polarizing (?).] [Cf. F. polariser.] To communicate polarity to.

                                   Polarizer

   Po"lar*i`zer  (?),  n. (Physics) That which polarizes; especially, the
   part  of  a  polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It is
   usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline,
   or  a  doubly  refracting  crystal.  <-- Polaroid. [A trademark of the
   Polaroid  company]  1.  polarizing light; as, a polaroid lens. Used to
   refer  to a smitransparent material which permits transmission of only
   plane-polarized  light.  2.  Relating  to,  or  able  to take, instant
   photographs; as, a polaroid camera; a polaroid photo. -->

                                    Polary

   Po"lar*y  (?), a. Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole.
   [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Polatouche

   Po`la`touche"  (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A flying squirrel (Sciuropterus
   volans) native of Northern Europe and Siberia; -- called also minene.

                                    Polder

   Pol"der  (?), n. [D.] A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of
   high embankments. [Holland & Belgium]

                                    Poldway

   Pold"way`  (?),  n.  [Cf. Poledavy.] A kind of coarse bagging, -- used
   for coal sacks. Weale.

                                     Pole

   Pole  (?),  n.  [Cf.  G.  Pole  a  Pole,  Polen  Poland.]  A native or
   inhabitant of Poland; a Polander.

                                     Pole

   Pole, n. [As. p\'bel, L. palus, akin to pangere to make fast. Cf. Pale
   a stake, Pact.]

   1. A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber; the
   stem   of   a  small  tree  whose  branches  have  been  removed;  as,
   specifically:  (a)  A  carriage  pole, a wooden bar extending from the
   front  axle  of  a  carriage  between  the  wheel horses, by which the
   carriage  is  guided and held back. (b) A flag pole, a pole on which a
   flag  is supported. (c) A Maypole. See Maypole. (d) A barber's pole, a
   pole  painted  in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers.
   (e) A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are trained.

   2. A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5 Bacon.
   Pole  bean  (Bot.),  any  kind of bean which is customarily trained on
   poles,  as  the  scarlet  runner  or  the  Lima bean. -- Pole flounder
   (Zo\'94l.),  a large deep-water flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus),
   native of the northern coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed
   as a food fish; -- called also craig flounder, and pole fluke. -- Pole
   lathe,  a  simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which
   the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end being
   fastened  to  the  treadle, and the other to an elastic pole above. --
   Pole  mast (Naut.), a mast formed from a single piece or from a single
   tree.  --  Pole  of  a lens (Opt.), the point where the principal axis
   meets  the surface. -- Pole plate (Arch.), a horizontal timber resting
   on  the  tiebeams  of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It
   differs from the plate in not resting on the wall.
   
                                     Pole
                                       
   Pole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poling.] 

   1. To furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans or hops.

   2. To convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn.

   3. To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat.

   4. To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.

                                     Pole

   Pole, n. [L. polus, Gr. p\'93le.]

   1.  Either  extremity  of  an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the
   extremities of the earth's axis; as, the north pole.

   2.  (Spherics)  A  point  upon the surface of a sphere equally distant
   from  every  part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point
   in  which  a diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such
   circle  meets  the  surface.  Such  a point is called the pole of that
   circle;  as,  the  pole  of the horizon; the pole of the ecliptic; the
   pole of a given meridian.

   3.  (Physics) One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in
   which  a  polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a
   force  which has two such points, or which has polarity; as, the poles
   of a magnet; the north pole of a needle.

   4. The firmament; the sky. [Poetic]

     Shoots against the dusky pole. Milton.

   5. (Geom.) See Polarity, and Polar, n.
   Magnetic  pole.  See  under  Magnetic.  --  Poles  of  the  earth,  OR
   Terrestrial  poles  (Geog.),  the  two  opposite points on the earth's
   surface  through  which  its  axis passes. -- Poles of the heavens, OR
   Celestial poles, the two opposite points in the celestial sphere which
   coincide  with  the earth's axis produced, and about which the heavens
   appear  to  revolve.<--  sic.  something  seems missing. is "produced"
   superfluous? -->

                                Poleax, Poleaxe

   Pole"ax`,  Pole"axe`  (?),  n.  [OE. pollax; cf. OD. pollexe. See Poll
   head,  and  Ax.]  Anciently,  a  kind of battle-ax with a long handle;
   later,  an  ax  or  hatchet  with a short handle, and a head variously
   patterned;  --  used  by  soldiers,  and also by sailors in boarding a
   vessel.

                                    Polecat

   Pole"cat`  (?),  n.  [Probably  fr.  F.  poule  hen, and originally, a
   poultry cat, because it feeds on poultry. See Poultry.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
   A small European carnivore of the Weasel family (Putorius f\'d2tidus).
   Its  scent  glands  secrete a substance of an exceedingly disagreeable
   odor.  Called  also  fitchet,  foulmart,  and European ferret. (b) The
   zorilla. The name is also applied to other allied species.

                                   Poledavy

   Pole"da`vy  (?),  n.  [Etymology  uncertain.] A sort of coarse canvas;
   poldway. [Obs.] Howell.

                                   Poleless

   Pole"less, a. Without a pole; as, a poleless chariot.

                                   Polemarch

   Pol"e*march  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Gr.  Antiq.)  In Athens, originally, the
   military commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had
   jurisdiction  in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian
   cities, a high military and civil officer.

                                    Polemic

   Po*lem"ic (?), a. [Gr. pol\'82mique.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  controversy;  maintaining,  or  involving,
   controversy;  controversial;  disputative;  as, a polemic discourse or
   essay; polemic theology.

   2.   Engaged   in,  or  addicted  to,  polemics,  or  to  controversy;
   disputations; as, a polemic writer. South.

                                    Polemic

   Po*lem"ic, n.

   1.  One  who writes in support of one opinion, doctrine, or system, in
   opposition  to another; one skilled in polemics; a controversialist; a
   disputant.

     The sarcasms and invectives of the young polemic. Macaulay.

   2. A polemic argument or controversy.

                                   Polemical

   Po*lem"ic*al   (?),   a.   Polemic;  controversial;  disputatious.  --
   Po*lem"ic*al*ly, adv.

     Polemical and impertinent disputations. Jer. Taylor.

                                  Polemicist

   Po*lem"i*cist (?), n. A polemic. [R.]

                                   Polemics

   Po*lem"ics  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  pol\'82mique.]  The art or practice of
   disputation  or  controversy,  especially  on religious subjects; that
   branch of theological science which pertains to the history or conduct
   of ecclesiastical controversy.

                                   Polemist

   Pol"e*mist (?), n. A polemic. [R.]

                                Polemoniaceous

   Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
   of  plants (Polemoniace\'91), which includes Polemonium, Phlox, Gilia,
   and a few other genera.

                                  Polemonium

   Pol`e*mo"ni*um  (?).  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of gamopetalous
   perennial herbs, including the Jacob's ladder and the Greek valerian.

                                  Polemoscope

   Po*lem"o*scope  (?),  n. [Gr. -scope: cf. F. pol\'82moscope.] An opera
   glass  or  field  glass  with  an  oblique  mirror arranged for seeing
   objects  do  not lie directly before the eye; -- called also diagonal,
   OR side, opera glass.

                                    Polemy

   Pol"e*my  (?),  n.  [See  Polemic.]  Warfare;  war; hence, contention;
   opposition. [Obs.]

                                    Polenta

   Po*len"ta (?), n. [It., fr. L. polenta peeled barley.] Pudding made of
   Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut meal. [Italy]

                                     Poler

   Pol"er (?), n. One who poles.

                                     Poler

   Pol"er, n. An extortioner. See Poller. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                   Polestar

   Pole"star` (?), n.

   1. Polaris, or the north star. See North star, under North.

   2. A guide or director.

                                   Polewards

   Pole"wards  (?), adv. Toward a pole of the earth. "The regions further
   polewards." Whewell.

                                    Polewig

   Pole"wig  (?), n. [Cf. Polliwig.] (Zo\'94l.) The European spotted goby
   (Gobius minutus); -- called also pollybait. [Prov. Eng.]

                                     Poley

   Po"ley (?), n. (Bot.) See Poly.

                                     Poley

   Po"ley, a. Without horns; polled. [Prov. Eng.] "That poley heifer." H.
   Kingsley.

                                   Polianite

   Po"li*a*nite  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Min.)  Manganese  dioxide, occurring in
   tetragonal crystals nearly as hard as quartz.

                                   Policate

   Pol"i*cate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pollicate.

                                    Police

   Po*lice"  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  L.  politia  the  condition of a state,
   government, administration, Gr. pur, puri. Cf. Policy polity, Polity.]

   1.  A  judicial  and  executive  system, for the government of a city,
   town, or district, for the preservation of rights, order, cleanliness,
   health,  etc.,  and  for the enforcement of the laws and prevention of
   crime;  the  administration  of  the  laws  and regulations of a city,
   incorporated town, or borough.

   2.  That  which  concerns  the  order  of  the community; the internal
   regulation of a state.

   3.  The organized body of civil officers in a city, town, or district,
   whose  particular  duties  are  the  preservation  of  good order, the
   prevention and detection of crime, and the enforcement of the laws.

   4.  (Mil.)  Military police, the body of soldiers detailed to preserve
   civil order and attend to sanitary arrangements in a camp or garrison.

   5. The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state
   Police  commissioner,  a  civil  officer,  usually  one  of  a  board,
   commissioned  to  regulate  and  control  the appointment, duties, and
   discipline  of  the  police. -- Police constable, OR Police officer, a
   policeman.  --  Police  court,  a  minor  court to try persons brought
   before  it  by  the  police. -- Police inspector, an officer of police
   ranking  next  below  a  superintendent.  --  Police  jury,  a body of
   officers  who  collectively  exercise jurisdiction in certain cases of
   police, as levying taxes, etc.; -- so called in Louisiana. Bouvier. --
   Police  justice,  OR  Police magistrate, a judge of a police court. --
   Police  offenses  (Law),  minor  offenses  against  the  order  of the
   community,  of  which  a  police court may have final jurisdiction. --
   Police  station,  the  headquarters  of the police, or of a section of
   them;  the  place  where  the police assemble for orders, and to which
   they take arrested persons.

                                    Police

   Po*lice", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Policing.]

   1. To keep in order by police.

   2. (Mil.) To make clean; as, to police a camp.

                                    Policed

   Po*liced"  (?),  a. Regulated by laws for the maintenance of peace and
   order,  enforced  by  organized  administration.  "A policed kingdom."
   Howell.

                                   Policeman

   Po*lice"man  (?), n.; pl. Policemen (. A member of a body of police; a
   constable.

                                   Policial

   Po*li"cial (, a. Relating to the police. [R.] <-- p. 108 -->

                                   Policied

   Pol"i*cied (?), a. Policed. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                    Policy

   Pol"i*cy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Policies  (#).  [L. politia, Gr. police, Of.
   police. See Police, n.]

   1. Civil polity. [Obs.]

   2.  The settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation
   are,  or  may  be,  administered;  a  system  of  public  or  official
   administration,  as  designed  to  promote  the  external  or internal
   prosperity of a state.

   3.  The  method  by  which  any institution is administered; system of
   management; course.

   4.   Management  or  administration  based  on  temporal  or  material
   interest, rather than on principles of equity or honor; hence, worldly
   wisdom; dexterity of management; cunning; stratagem.

   5. Prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private affairs;
   wisdom; sagacity; wit.

     The  very  policy  of a hostess, finding his purse so far above his
     clothes, did detect him. Fuller.

   6. Motive; object; inducement. [Obs.]

     What  policy  have  you  to bestow a benefit where it is counted an
     injury? Sir P. Sidney.

   Syn. -- See Polity.

                                    Policy

   Pol"i*cy,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Policied  (?);  p.  pr.  & vb. n.
   Policying.] To regulate by laws; to reduce to order. [Obs.] "Policying
   of cities." Bacon.

                                    Policy

   Pol"i*cy,  n.  [F.  police;  cf.  Pr.  polissia,  Sp.  p\'a2lizia, It.
   p\'a2lizza; of uncertain origin; cf. L. pollex thumb (as being used in
   pressing  the  seal),  in  LL.  also,  seal;  or  cf.  LL.  politicum,
   poleticum, polecticum, L. polyptychum, account book, register, fr. Gr.
   apodixa a receipt.]

   1. A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds.

   2.  The  writing  or  instrument  in  which a contract of insurance is
   embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and conditions
   on  which  one party engages to indemnify another against loss arising
   from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his person or property
   may be exposed. See Insurance.

   3. A method of gambling by betting as to what numbers will be drawn in
   a lottery; as, to play policy.
   Interest  policy, a policy that shows by its form that the assured has
   a  real,  substantial  interest in the matter insured. -- Open policy,
   one  in  which  the  value  of  the  goods  or property insured is not
   mentioned.  --  Policy  book,  a book to contain a record of insurance
   policies.  --  Policy holder, one to whom an insurance policy has been
   granted.  --  Policy  shop,  a gambling place where one may bet on the
   numbers  which  will  be  drawn in lotteries. -- Valued policy, one in
   which  the  value  of  the  goods,  property,  or  interest insured is
   specified. -- Wager policy, a policy that shows on the face of it that
   the contract it embodies is a pretended insurance, founded on an ideal
   risk, where the insured has no interest in anything insured.

                                    Poling

   Pol"ing (?), n. [From Pole a stick.]

   1. The act of supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or poles;
   as, the poling of beans; the poling of a boat.

   2.  (Gardening)  The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks
   with poles.

   3.  One  of  the  poles  or planks used in upholding the side earth in
   excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc.

                                    Polish

   Pol"ish  (?), a. [From Pole a Polander.] Of or pertaining to Poland or
   its inhabitants. -- n. The language of the Poles.

                                    Polish

   Pol"ish  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Polished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Polishing.] [F. polir, L. polire. Cf. Polite, -ish]

   1.  To  make  smooth  and  glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to
   overspread with luster; as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc.

   2.  Hence,  to  refine;  to  wear  off  the  rudeness,  coarseness, or
   rusticity  of;  to  make  elegant  and  polite;  as, to polish life or
   manners. Milton.
   To  polish  off,  to finish completely, as an adversary. [Slang] W. H.
   Russell.

                                    Polish

   Pol"ish, v. i. To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss;
   to take a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel polishes well. Bacon.

                                    Polish

   Pol"ish, n.

   1.  A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction; a gloss or
   luster.

     Another prism of clearer glass and better polish. Sir I. Newton.

   2. Anything used to produce a gloss.

   3. Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.

     This Roman polish and this smooth behavior. Addison.

                                  Polishable

   Pol"ish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being polished.

                                   Polished

   Pol"ished  (?),  a.  Made  smooth  and  glossy, as by friction; hence,
   highly   finished;  refined;  polite;  as,  polished  plate;  polished
   manners; polished verse.

                                 Polishedness

   Pol"ished*ness, n. The quality of being polished.

                                   Polisher

   Pol"ish*er  (?), n. One who, or that which, polishes; also, that which
   is used in polishing. Addison.

                                   Polishing

   Pol"ish*ing,  a.  & n. from Polish. Polishing iron, an iron burnisher;
   esp.,  a  small  smoothing iron used in laundries. -- Polishing slate.
   (a)  A  gray  or yellow slate, found in Bohemia and Auvergne, and used
   for  polishing  glass,  marble,  and  metals.  (b)  A  kind of hone or
   whetstone;  hone  slate.  --  Polishing snake, a tool used in cleaning
   lithographic  stones. -- Polishing wheel, a wheel or disk coated with,
   or composed of, abrading material, for polishing a surface.

                                  Polishment

   Pol"ish*ment  (?),  n.  The  act  of  polishing, or the state of being
   polished. [R.]

                                    Polite

   Po*lite" (?), a. [Compar. Politer (?); superl. Politest.] [L. politus,
   p. p. of polire to polish: cf. F. poli. See Polish, v.]

   1. Smooth; polished. [Obs.]

     Rays of light falling on a polite surface. Sir I. Newton.

   2.  Smooth  and  refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous;
   complaisant; obliging; civil.

     He marries, bows at court, and grows polite. Pope.

   3. Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, polite
   literature. Macaulay. Syn. -- Polished; refined; well bred; courteous;
   affable; urbane; civil; courtly; elegant; genteel.

                                    Polite

   Po*lite", v. t. To polish; to refine; to render polite. [Obs.] Ray.

                                   Politely

   Po*lite"ly (?), adv.

   1. In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or glossy. [Obs.] Milton.

   2. In a polite manner; with politeness.

                                  Politeness

   Po*lite"ness, n.

   1. High finish; smoothness; burnished elegance. [R.] Evelyn.

   2.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  polite; refinement of manners;
   urbanity;  courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions. Syn.
   --  Courtesy;  good  breeding;  refinement;  urbanity;  courteousness;
   affability;   complaisance;   civility;   gentility;  courtliness.  --
   Politeness, Courtesy. Politeness denotes that ease and gracefulness of
   manners  which  first  sprung up in cities, connected with a desire to
   please  others  by anticipating their wants and wishes, and studiously
   avoiding  whatever  might give them pain. Courtesy is, etymologically,
   the  politeness  of  courts.  It  displays  itself  in the address and
   manners;  it  is  shown  more especially in receiving and entertaining
   others, and is a union of dignified complaisance and kindness.

                                   Politesse

   Pol`i*tesse" (?), n. [F.] Politeness.

                                    Politic

   Pol"i*tic  (?), a. [L. politicus political, Gr. politique. See Police,
   and cf. ePolitical.]

   1. Of or pertaining to polity, or civil government; political; as, the
   body politic. See under Body.

     He with his people made all but one politic body. Sir P. Sidney.

   2.  Pertaining  to,  or  promoting,  a  policy,  especially a national
   policy;  well-devised;  adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; --
   said  of  things;  as,  a politic treaty. "Enrich'd with politic grave
   counsel." Shak.

   3.  Sagacious  in  promoting  a  policy;  ingenious  in  devising  and
   advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather
   than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious;
   and in a bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; -- said of persons.

     Politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy. Shak.

   Syn.  --  Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary; artful;
   cunning.

                                    Politic

   Pol`i*tic, n. A politician. [Archaic] Bacon.

     Swiftly  the politic goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern; Slowly
     the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars. Lowell.

                                   Political

   Po*lit"i*cal (?), a.

   1.  Having, or conforming to, a settled system of administration. [R.]
   "A political government." Evelyn.

   2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  public policy, or to politics; relating to
   affairs  of  state  or  administration;  as,  a political writer. "The
   political state of Europe." Paley.

   3.  Of  or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; as, his
   political relations were with the Whigs.

   4. Politic; wise; also, artful. [Obs.] Sterne.
   Political  economy,  that  branch  of  political science or philosophy
   which   treats   of   the  sources,  and  methods  of  production  and
   preservation, of the material wealth and prosperity of nations.

                                 Politicalism

   Po*lit"i*cal*ism (?), n. Zeal or party spirit in politics.

                                  Politically

   Po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv.

   1. In a political manner.

   2. Politicly; artfully. [Obs.] Knolles.

                                 Politicaster

   Po*lit"i*cas`ter (?), n. [Cf. It. politicastro.] A petty politician; a
   pretender in politics. Milton.

                                  Politician

   Pol`i*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. politicien.]

   1. One versed or experienced in the science of government; one devoted
   to politics; a statesman.

     While empiric politicians use deceit. Dryden.

   2.  One  primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or
   to  the success of a political party; -- used in a depreciatory sense;
   one  addicted  or  attached  to  politics  as  managed by parties (see
   Politics, 2); a schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere politician.

     Like  a  scurvy  politician,  seem To see the things thou dost not.
     Shak.

     The  politician  .  . . ready to do anything that he apprehends for
     his advantage. South.

                                  Politician

   Pol`i*ti"cian,   a.   Cunning;   using   artifice;   politic;  artful.
   "Ill-meaning politician lords." Milton.

                                  Politicist

   Po*lit"i*cist (?), n. A political writer. [R.]

                                   Politicly

   Pol"i*tic*ly  (?),  adv.  In  a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly;
   artfully. Pope.

                                   Politics

   Pol"i*tics (?), n. [Cf. F. politique, Gr. Politic.]

   1. The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with
   the  regulation  and government of a nation or state, the preservation
   of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and
   rights  against  foreign  control or conquest, the augmentation of its
   strength  and  resources,  and the protection of its citizens in their
   rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals.

   2.  The  management  of a political party; the conduct and contests of
   parties  with reference to political measures or the administration of
   public  affairs;  the  advancement  of  candidates to office; in a bad
   sense,  artful  or  dishonest  management  to  secure  the  success of
   political candidates or parties; political trickery.

     When  we  say that two men are talking politics, we often mean that
     they are wrangling about some mere party question. F. W. Robertson.

                                   Politize

   Pol"i*tize   (?),  v.  i.  To  play  the  politician;  to  dispute  as
   politicians do. [Obs.] Milton.

                                   Politure

   Pol"i*ture (?), n. [L. politura, fr. polire to polish. See Polish, v.]
   Polish; gloss. [Obs.] Donne.

                                    Polity

   Pol"i*ty  (?), n.; pl. Polities (#). [L. politia, Gr. politie. See 1st
   Policy, Police.]

   1.  The  form  or  constitution of the civil government of a nation or
   state;  the framework or organization by which the various departments
   of  government  are  combined  into  a  systematic  whole. Blackstone.
   Hooker.

   2.  Hence:  The  form  or  constitution  by  which  any institution is
   organized;  the  recognized  principles which lie at the foundation of
   any human institution.

     Nor  is  possible  that  any  form  of  polity,  much  less  polity
     ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it.
     Hooker.

   3.  Policy;  art;  management.  [Obs.]  B.  Jonson. Syn. -- Policy. --
   Polity,  Policy.  These  two words were originally the same. Polity is
   now   confined  to  the  structure  of  a  government;  as,  civil  or
   ecclesiastical  polity;  while  policy  is  applied  to  the scheme of
   management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result; as,
   foreign  or  domestic policy. Policy has the further sense of skillful
   or cunning management.

                                Politzerization

   Po*litz`er*i*za"tion  (?),  n.  (Med.) The act of inflating the middle
   ear  by  blowing  air  up the nose during the act of swallowing; -- so
   called from Prof. Politzer of Vienna, who first practiced it.

                                    Polive

   Pol"ive (?), n. A pulley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Polka

   Pol"ka (?), n. [Pol. Polka a Polish woman: cf. F. & G. polka.]

   1.  A  dance  of  Polish  origin,  but  now  common  everywhere. It is
   performed by two persons in common time.

   2.  (Mus.) A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with
   the third quaver accented.
   Polka jacket, a kind of knit jacket worn by women.

                                     Poll

   Poll (?), n. [From Polly, The proper name.] A parrot; -- familiarly so
   called.

                                     Poll

   Poll,  n. [Gr. One who does not try for honors, but is content to take
   a degree merely; a passman. [Cambridge Univ., Eng.]

                                     Poll

   Poll (?), n. [Akin to LG. polle the head, the crest of a bird, the top
   of a tree, OD. pol, polle, Dan. puld the crown of a hat.]

   1.  The  head;  the  back part of the head. "All flaxen was his poll."
   Shak.

   2.  A  number  or  aggregate  of heads; a list or register of heads or
   individuals.

     We are the greater poll, and in true fear They gave us our demands.
     Shak.

     The  muster  file,  rotten  and sound, upon my life, amounts not to
     fifteen thousand poll. Shak.

   3. Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in
   an election.

   4.  The  casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as,
   the close of the poll.

     All  soldiers  quartered  in  place  are to remove . . . and not to
     return till one day after the poll is ended. Blackstone.

   5.  pl.  The  place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to
   the polls.

   6. The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax.

   7. (Zo\'94l.) The European chub. See Pollard, 3 (a).
   Poll  book,  a register of persons entitled to vote at an election. --
   Poll  evil  (Far.),  an  inflammatory swelling or abscess on a horse's
   head,  confined  beneath  the great ligament of the neck. -- Poll pick
   (Mining),  a  pole  having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of
   crowbar.  -- Poll tax, a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation
   tax.

                                     Poll

   Poll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polling.]

   1.  To remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of;
   to clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree.

     When he [Absalom] pollled his head. 2 Sam. xiv. 26.

     His  death  did  so  grieve  them that they polled themselves; they
     clipped off their horse and mule's hairs. Sir T. North.

   2.  To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop;
   --  sometimes  with  off;  as, to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll
   grass.

     Who,  as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed That
     all the counsels of their war he would poll off like it. Chapman.

   3. To extort from; to plunder; to strip. [Obs.]

     Which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise. Spenser.

   4. To impose a tax upon. [Obs.]

   5. To pay as one's personal tax.

     The man that polled but twelve pence for his head. Dryden.

   6.  To  enter,  as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll,
   esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.

     Polling the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those
     of his three kingdoms. Milton.

   7.  To  register  or  deposit,  as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as
   votes or voters; as, he polled a hundred votes more than his opponent.

     And poll for points of faith his trusty vote. Tickell.

   8.  (Law)  To  cut  or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line
   without  indentation;  as,  a polled deed. See Dee. Burrill. <-- 9. to
   inquire  (of  a  group  of  persons)  to  learn  their opinion on some
   subject.  Similar  to  poll  a  jury,  but often used to determine the
   opinions  of a group by polling a portion of that group. Thus, opinion
   poll. -->
   To  poll  a  jury,  to  call  upon  each  member of the jury to answer
   individually  as  to  his  concurrence  in  a  verdict  which has been
   rendered.

                                     Poll

   Poll, v. i. To vote at an election. Beaconsfield.

                                    Pollack

   Pol"lack (?), n. [Cf. G. & D. pollack, and Gael. pollag a little pool,
   a  sort  of  fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine gadoid food fish of Europe
   (Pollachius  virens).  Called  also  greenfish, greenling, lait, leet,
   lob,  lythe,  and  whiting  pollack.  (b)  The  American  pollock; the
   coalfish.

                                    Pollage

   Poll"age (?), n. A head or poll tax; hence, extortion. [Obs.] Foxe.

                                    Pollan

   Pol"lan  (?),  n. [Cf. Gael. pollag a kind of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A lake
   whitefish  (Coregonus  pollan),  native  of  Ireland. In appearance it
   resembles a herring.

                                    Pollard

   Pol"lard (?), n. [From Poll the head.]

   1. A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground, that
   may throw out branches. Pennant.

   2. A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit. [Obs.] Camden.

   3.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  A  fish,  the  chub. (b) A stag that has cast its
   antlers. (c) A hornless animal (cow or sheep).

                                    Pollard

   Pol"lard,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pollarding.]
   To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows. Evelyn.

                                    Pollax

   Poll"ax` (?), n. A poleax. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Polled

   Polled  (?),  a.  Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the
   poll. Specifically: (a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut
   off.  (b)  Cropped;  hence,  bald;  --  said  of a person. "The polled
   bachelor." Beau. & Fl. (c) Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag.
   (d) Without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep.

                                    Pollen

   Pol"len (?), n. [L. pollen fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr.

   1. Fine bran or flour. [Obs.] Bailey. <-- p. 109 -->

   2.  (Bot.)  The  fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers.
   See Flower, and Illust. of Filament.
   Pollen  grain  (Bot.), a particle or call of pollen. -- Pollen mass, a
   pollinium.  Gray. -- Pollen sac, a compartment of an anther containing
   pollen,  --  usually  there are four in each anther. -- Pollen tube, a
   slender  tube  which  issues from the pollen grain on its contact with
   the  stigma,  which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the
   fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.

                                 Pollenarious

   Pol`len*a"ri*ous (?), a. Consisting of meal or pollen.

                                   Pollened

   Pol"lened (?), a. Covered with pollen. Tennyson.

                                 Polleniferous

   Pol`len*if"er*ous (?), a. [Pollen + -ferous.] (Bot.) Producing pollen;
   polliniferous.

                                   Pollenin

   Pol"len*in (?), n. [Cf. F. poll\'82nine.] (Chem.) A substance found in
   the pollen of certain plants. [R.]

                                   Pollenize

   Pol"len*ize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pollenizing (?).] To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.

                                    Poller

   Poll"er  (?),  n. [From Poll] One who polls; specifically: (a) One who
   polls  or  lops  trees. (b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.]
   (c)  One  who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Bacon. (d) One who registers
   voters, or one who enters his name as a voter.

                                    Pollex

   Pol"lex (?), n.; pl. Pollices (#). [L., the thumb.] (Anat.) The first,
   or  preaxial,  digit  of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in
   the  hind  limb;  the  thumb.  In birds, the pollex is the joint which
   bears the bastard wing.

                                   Pollicate

   Pol"li*cate  (?), a. [L. pollex, pollicis, a thumb.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
   a curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; -- said
   of insects.

                                 Pollicitation

   Pol*lic`i*ta"tion   (?),  n.  [L.  pollicitatio,  fr.  pollicitari  to
   promise, v. intens. fr. polliceri to promise: cf. F. pollicitation.]

   1.  A  voluntary  engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise. Bp.
   Burnet.

   2.  (Roman  Law)  A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not
   been accepted by the person to whom it is made. Bouvier.

                                   Pollinate

   Pol"li*nate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pollinose.

                                   Pollinate

   Pol"li*nate  (?),  v.  t.  (Bot.)  To  apply  pollen to (a stigma). --
   Pol`li*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.)

                                  Pollinctor

   Pol*linc"tor  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  pollingere.]  (Rom. Antiq.) One who
   prepared corpses for the funeral.<-- undertaker, funeral director -->

                                    Polling

   Poll"ing (?), n. [See Poll the head.]

   1. The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.

   2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.] E. Hall.

   3. The act of voting, or of registering a vote.
   Polling  booth,  a temporary structure where the voting at an election
   is done; a polling place.

                                 Polliniferous

   Pol`li*nif"er*ous  (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, pollen + -ferous: cf. F.
   pollinif\'8are.] (Bot.) Producing pollen; polleniferous.

                                   Pollinium

   Pol*lin"i*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pollinia (#). [NL. See Pollen.] (Bot.) A
   coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.

                                   Pollinose

   Pol"li*nose`  (?),  a. [L. pollen, -inis, dust.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the
   surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like pollen.

                              Polliwig, Polliwog

   Pol"li*wig  (?),  Pol"li*wog (?), n. [OE. polwigle. Cf. Poll head, and
   Wiggle.] (Zo\'94l.) A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle.

                                    Pollock

   Pol"lock  (?),  n.  [See  Pollack.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  marine gadoid fish
   (Pollachius  carbonarius),  native  both  of the European and American
   coasts.  It  is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In
   England it is called coalfish, lob, podley, podling, pollack, etc.

                                   Pollucite

   Pol"lu*cite  (?),  n. [See Pollux, and 4th Castor.] (Min.) A colorless
   transparent  mineral,  resembling  quartz,  occurring  with  castor or
   castorite  on  the  island  of  Elba.  It is a silicate of alumina and
   c\'91sia. Called also pollux.

                                    Pollute

   Pol*lute"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Polluted;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Polluting.]  [L.  pollutus,  p.  p. of polluere to defile, to pollute,
   from  a  prep.  appearing only in comp. + luere to wash. See Position,
   Lave.]

   1.  To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to
   desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement.

     The land was polluted with blood. Ps. cvi. 38

     Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth. 2 Esd. xv. 6.

   2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.

   3. (Jewish Law) To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit
   for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.

     Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel,
     lest ye die. Num. xviii. 32.

     They have polluted themselves with blood. Lam. iv. 14.

   Syn.  --  To  defile;  soil;  contaminate;  corrupt;  taint;  vitiate;
   debauch; dishonor; ravish.

                                    Pollute

   Pol*lute", a. [L. pollutus.] Polluted. [R.] Milton.

                                   Polluted

   Pol*lut"ed,   a.  Defiled;  made  unclean  or  impure;  debauched.  --
   Pol*lut"ed*ly, adv. -- Pol*lut"ed*ness, n.

                                   Polluter

   Pol*lut"er (?), n. One who pollutes. Dryden.

                                   Polluting

   Pol*lut"ing,  a.  Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or
   pollution. -- Pol*lut"ing*ly, adv.

                                   Pollution

   Pol*lu"tion (?), n. [L. pollutio: cf. F. pollution.]

   1.  The act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense
   of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity.

   2.  (Med.)  The  emission  of  semen, or sperm, at other times than in
   sexual intercourse. Dunglison.

                                    Pollux

   Pol"lux   (?),   n.  [L.,  the  twin  brother  of  castor;  also,  the
   constellation.]

   1.   (Astron.)   A   fixed  star  of  the  second  magnitude,  in  the
   constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d Castor.

   2. (Min.) Same as Pollucite.

                                     Polly

   Pol"ly (?), n. A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.

                                   Pollywog

   Pol"ly*wog (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A polliwig.

                                     Polo

   Po"lo  (?),  n.  [Of Eastern origin; -- properly, the ball used in the
   game.]

   1.  A  game  of  ball  of  Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the
   players on horseback.

   2.  A  similar  game  played  on  the  ice, or on a prepared floor, by
   players wearing skates.

                                   Polonaise

   Po`lo*naise"   (?),   a.  [F.  polonais,  polonaise,  Polish.]  Of  or
   pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also Polonese.]

                                   Polonaise

   Po`lo*naise" (?), n. [Written also Polonese and Polonoise.]

   1. The Polish language.

   2.  An  article  of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer
   skirt in one piece.

   3.  (Mus.)  A  stately  Polish  dance  tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning
   always  on  the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing
   on  the  beat  after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance
   adapted to such music; a polacca.

                                   Polonese

   Po`lo*nese" (?), a. & n. See Polonaise.

                                    Polony

   Po*lo"ny  (?), n. [Prob. corrupt. fr. Bologna.] A kind of sausage made
   of meat partly cooked.

                                    Polron

   Pol"ron (?), n. See Pauldron.

                                     Polt

   Polt  (?),  n.  [Cf.  E.  pelt, L. pultare to beat, strike.] A blow or
   thump.  Halliwell. -- a. Distorted. Pot foot, a distorted foot. Sir T.
   Herbert.

                            Polt-foot, Polt-footed

   Polt"-foot`  (?),  Polt"-foot`ed (?), a. Having a distorted foot, or a
   clubfoot or clubfeet. B. Jonson.

                                   Poltroon

   Pol*troon"  (?),  n.  [F.  poltron,  from It. poltrone an idle fellow,
   sluggard,  coward,  poltro  idle,  lazy,  also, bed, fr. OHG. polstar,
   bolstar,  cushion,  G.  polster,  akin to E. bolster. See Bolster.] An
   arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch. Shak.

                                   Poltroon

   Pol*troon", a. Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.

                                  Poltroonery

   Pol*troon"er*y   (?),  n.  [F.  poltronnerie;  cf.  It.  poltroneria.]
   Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.

                                  Poltroonish

   Pol*troon"ish, a. Resembling a poltroon; cowardly.

                                   Polverine

   Pol"ve*rine  (?),  n.  [It.  polverino,  fr.  polvere  ust, L. pulvis,
   -veris. See Powder.] Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash,
   brought  from the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine
   glass.

                                    Polwig

   Pol"wig (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A polliwig. Holland.

                                     Poly-

   Pol"y- (?). [See Full, a.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poly`s,
   many;  as,  polygon,  a figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many
   atoms; polychord, polyconic.

                                     Poly

   Po"ly  (?),  n.  [L.  polium,  the  name  of a plant, perhaps Teucrium
   polium,  Gr.  (Bot.)  A  whitish woolly plant (Teucrium Polium) of the
   order Labiat\'91, found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name,
   with  sundry  prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of
   the  same genus. [Spelt also poley.] Poly mountain. See Poly-mountain,
   in Vocabulary.

                                   Polyacid

   Pol`y*ac"id  (?),  a. [Poly- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing,
   or  of  combining  with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having
   more  than  one  hydrogen  atom  capable  of  being  replaced  by acid
   radicals;  --  said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin
   are polyacid bases.

                                 Polyacoustic

   Pol`y*a*cous"tic  (?),  a.  [Poly- + acoustic: cf. F. polyacoustique.]
   Multiplying or magnifying sound. -- n. A polyacoustic instrument.

                                 Polyacoustics

   Pol`y*a*cous"tics (?), n. The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.

                                   Polyacron

   Pol`y*a"cron  (?),  n.; pl. Polyacra (#), E. Polyacrons (#). [NL., fr.
   Gr. poly`s many + 'a`kron summit.] (Geom.) A solid having many summits
   or angular points; a polyhedron.

Polyactin Pol`y*ac*tin" (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Actinia.] (Zo\'94l.) An
  old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous simple
                                  tentacles.

                                 Polyadelphia

   Pol`y*a*del"phi*a  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class
   of  plants having stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by
   the filaments.

                         Polyadelphian, Polyadelphous

   Pol`y*a*del"phi*an  (?), Pol`y*a*del"phous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to
   the  class  Polyadelphia;  having  stamens  united  in  three  or more
   bundles.

                                  Polyandria

   Pol`y*an"dri*a  (?),  n.  pl. [NL. See Polyandry.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
   class  of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or
   any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

                                  Polyandrian

   Pol`y*an"dri*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polyandrous.

                                  Polyandric

   Pol`y*an"dric   (?),   a.   [Cf.   polyandrique.]  Pertaining  to,  or
   characterized  by,  polyandry;  mating with several males. "Polyandric
   societies." H. Spencer.

                                  Polyandrous

   Pol`y*an"drous  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Belonging  to  the class Polyandria;
   having  many  stamens,  or  any  number  above twenty, inserted in the
   receptacle.

                                   Polyandry

   Pol`y*an"dry  (?),  n.  [Poly-  + Gr. polyandrie.] The possession by a
   woman  of  more  than one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with
   monandry.

     NOTE: &hand; In law, this falls under the head of polygamy.

                                  Polyanthus

   Pol`y*an"thus  (?),  n.;  pl. Polyanthuses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. [Written
   also polyanthos.] (Bot.) (a) The oxlip. So called because the peduncle
   bears  a many-flowered umbel. See Oxlip. (b) A bulbous flowering plant
   of the genus Narcissus (N. Tazetta, or N. polyanthus of some authors).
   See Illust. of Narcissus.

                                  Polyarchist

   Pol"y*ar`chist  (?),  n.  One  who  advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to
   monarchist. Cudworth.

                                   Polyarchy

   Pol"y*ar`chy   (?),  n.  [Poly-  +  -archy:  cf.  F.  polyarchie.  Cf.
   Polarchy.]  A  government by many persons, of whatever order or class.
   Cudworth.

                                  Polyatomic

   Pol`y*a*tom"ic  (?), a. [Poly- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having more than
   one  atom  in  the molecule; consisting of several atoms. (b) Having a
   valence greater than one. [Obs.]

                                Polyautography

   Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy  (?), n. [Poly- + autography.] The act or practice
   of  multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by
   printing from stone, -- a species of lithography.

                                   Polybasic

   Pol`y*ba"sic (?), a. [Poly- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing,
   or  of  combining  with,  several  molecules of a monacid base; having
   several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; --
   said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is polybasic.

                                  Polybasite

   Pol`y*ba"site  (?),  n.  [See  Polybasic.] (Min.) An iron-black ore of
   silver,  consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper
   and arsenic.

                                 Polybranchia

   Pol`y*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.)
   A  division  of  Nudibranchiata  including  those  which have numerous
   branchi\'91 on the back.

                                  Polybromide

   Pol`y*bro"mide (?), n. [Poly- + bromide.] (Chem.) A bromide containing
   more than one atom of bromine in the molecule.

                                Polycarpellary

   Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Composed of several or numerous
   carpels; -- said of such fruits as the orange.

                            Polycarpic, Polycarpous

   Pol`y*car"pic  (?),  Pol`y*car"pous  (?),  a.  [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.) (a)
   Bearing  fruit  repeatedly,  or  year  after  year. (b) Having several
   pistils in one flower.

                                 Polych\'91ta

   Pol`y*ch\'91"ta  (?),  n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the two
   principal   groups  of  Ch\'91topoda.  It  includes  those  that  have
   prominent  parapodia  and  fascicles  of  set\'91.  See  Illust. under
   Parapodia.

                                 Polychloride

   Pol`y*chlo"ride  (?),  n.  [Poly-  +  chloride.]  (Chem.)  A  chloride
   containing more than one atom of chlorine in the molecule.

                                Polych\'d2rany

   Pol`y*ch\'d2r"a*ny  (?), n. [Gr. A government by many chiefs, princes,
   or rules. [Obs.] Cudworth.

                                   Polychord

   Pol"y*chord (?), a. [Gr. Having many strings.

                                   Polychord

   Pol"y*chord, n. (Mus.) (a) A musical instrument of ten strings. (b) An
   apparatus  for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to
   a keyed instrument.

                                  Polychrest

   Pol"y*chrest  (?), n. [Gr. polychreste.] (Med.) A medicine that serves
   for  many  uses,  or  that cures many diseases. [Obs.] Polychrest salt
   (Old  Med. Chem.), potassium sulphate, specifically obtained by fusing
   niter with sulphur.

                                  Polychroism

   Pol"y*chro*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. Same as Pleochroism.

                                  Polychroite

   Pol"y*chro*ite  (?),  n.  [Poly-  +  Gr.  polychro\'8bte.] (Chem.) The
   coloring  matter  of  saffron;  --  formerly  so called because of the
   change  of  color  on  treatment  with  certain  acids; -- called also
   crocin, and safranin.

                                 Polychromate

   Pol`y*chro"mate  (?),  n.  [See  Polychromic.]  (Chem.)  A  salt  of a
   polychromic acid.

                                 Polychromate

   Pol`y*chro"mate,  n.  [See  Polychromatic.]  (Chem.)  A compound which
   exhibits,  or  from  which  may  be  prepared, a variety of colors, as
   certain  solutions  derived  from  vegetables, which display colors by
   fluorescence.

                                 Polychromatic

   Pol`y*chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Poly- + chromatic.] Showing a variety, or a
   change,  of  colors.  Polychromatic  acid  (Old  Chem.),  a  substance
   obtained by the action of nitric acid on aloes.

                                  Polychrome

   Pol"y*chrome  (?),  n.  [Poly-  + Gr. (Chem.) Esculin; -- so called in
   allusion to its fluorescent solutions. [R.]

                                  Polychrome

   Pol"y*chrome,  a.  [Cf.  F.  polychrome.]  Executed  in  the manner of
   polychromy; as, polychrome printing.

                                  Polychromic

   Pol`y*chro"mic (?), a. [Poly- + (sense 1) Gr. chromic.]

   1. Polychromatic.

   2.  (Chem.)  Pertaining  to,  or designating, any one of several acids
   (known  only  in  their  salts)  which  contain  more than one atom of
   chromium.

                                 Polychromous

   Pol`y*chro"mous  (?), a. Of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored;
   polychromatic.

                                  Polychromy

   Pol"y*chro`my  (?),  n. [Poly- + Gr. (Anc. Art) The art or practice of
   combining  different colors, especially brilliant ones, in an artistic
   way.

                                 Polychronious

   Pol`y*chro"ni*ous  (?),  a. [Poly- + Gr. Enduring through a long time;
   chronic.

                                  Polyclinic

   Pol`y*clin"ic  (?),  n.  [Poly-  +  clinic.]  (Med.) A clinic in which
   diseases  of  many  sorts  are  treated; especially, an institution in
   which clinical instruction is given in all kinds of disease.

                                   Polyconic

   Pol`y*con"ic  (?),  a.  [Poly- + conic.] Pertaining to, or based upon,
   many  cones.  Polyconic  projection  (Map Making), a projection of the
   earth's  surface, or any portion thereof, by which each narrow zone is
   projected  upon  a  conical surface that touches the sphere along this
   zone, the conical surface being then unrolled. This projection differs
   from  conic  projection  in  that  latter assumes but one cone for the
   whole  map.  Polyconic  projection is that in use in the United States
   coast and geodetic survey.
   
                                 Polycotyledon
                                       
   Pol`y*cot`y*le"don    (?),    n.    [Poly-   +   cotyledon:   cf.   F.
   polycotyl\'82done.]  (Bot.)  A  plant that has many, or more than two,
   cotyledons in the seed. -- Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous (#), a. 

                               Polycotyledonary

   Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry (?), a. [Poly- + cotyledonary.] (Anat.) Having
   the  villi  of  the  placenta  collected  into  definite  patches,  or
   cotyledons.

                                   Polycracy

   Po*lyc"ra*cy  (?), n. [Poly- + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government by
   many rulers; polyarchy.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 10

                                  Polycrotic

   Pol`y*crot"ic  (?),  a.  [Poly-  +  Gr. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to
   polycrotism;  manifesting  polycrotism;  as,  a  polycrotic  pulse;  a
   polycrotic pulse curve.

                                  Polycrotism

   Po*lyc"ro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) That state or condition of the pulse
   in  which  the  pulse  curve,  or sphygmogram, shows several secondary
   crests or elevations; -- contrasted with monocrotism and dicrotism.

                                  Polycystid

   Pol`y*cys"tid  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the Polycystidea. (b) One
   of  the  Polycystina.  --  a.  Pertaining  to the Polycystidea, or the
   Polycystina.

                                 Polycystidea

   Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a   (?),   n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Poly-,  and  Cystidea.]
   (Zo\'94l.) A division of Gregarin\'91 including those that have two or
   more internal divisions of the body.

                                  Polycystina

   Pol`y*cys*ti"na  (?),  n.  pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   division  of  Radiolaria including numerous minute marine species. The
   skeleton  is composed of silica, and is often very elegant in form and
   sculpture. Many have been found in the fossil state.

                                  Polycystine

   Pol`y*cys"tine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Polycystina. -- n.
   One  of  the  Polycystina.  <--  2.  a  homopolymer  of the amino acid
   cystine. -->

                                 Polycyttaria

   Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   Radiolaria.  It  includes  those having one more central capsules. <--
   polydactyl.  =  polydactylous.  having  more that the normal number of
   digits; e.g. a polydactylous cat may have six or more toes on its paw.
   -->

                                 Polydactylism

   Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism  (?),  n.  [Poly- + Gr. polydactylisme.] (Anat.) The
   possession  of  more  that  the  normal  number  of  digits.  <-- also
   polydactyly. -->

                                  Polydipsia

   Pol`y*dip"si*a  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. (Med.) Excessive and constant
   thirst occasioned by disease.

                                   Polyedron

   Pol`y*e"dron (?), n. See Polyhedron.

                                  Polyedrous

   Pol`y*e"drous (?), a. See Polyhedral.

                                   Polyeidic

   Pol`y*ei"dic  (?),  a. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Passing through several
   distinct larval forms; -- having several distinct kinds of young.

                                  Polyeidism

   Pol`y*ei"dism  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  The  quality  or  state  of being
   polyeidic.

                                Polyembryonate

   Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate  (?),  a.  [Poly- + embryonate.] (Bot.) Consisting
   of, or having, several embryos; polyembryonic.

                                 Polyembryonic

   Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic (?), a. [Poly- + embryonic.] (Bot.) Polyembryonate.

                                 Polyembryony

   Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny   (?),  n.  [See  Poly-,  and  Embryo.]  (Bot.)  The
   production  of  two  or  more  embryos  in one seed, due either to the
   existence  and  fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or to the
   origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.

                                   Polyfoil

   Pol"y*foil (?), n. [Poly- + foil, n.] (Arch.) Same as Multifoil.

                                   Polygala

   Po*lyg"a*la  (?), n. [L., milkwort, fr. Gr. A genus of bitter herbs or
   shrubs  having  eight  stamens  and  a two-celled ovary (as the Seneca
   snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen, etc.); milkwort.

                                 Polygalaceous

   Pol`y*ga*la"ceous  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to a natural order of
   plants (Polygalace\'91) of which Polygala is the type.

                                   Polygalic

   Po*lyg"a*lic  (?),  a.  (Chem.)  Of,  pertaining to, or obtained from,
   Polygala;   specifically,   designating  an  acrid  glucoside  (called
   polygalic  acid,  senegin,  etc.),  resembling,  or possibly identical
   with, saponin.

                                   Polygamia

   Pol`y*ga"mi*a   (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Polygamous.]  (Bot.)  (a)  A
   Linn\'91an class of plants, characterized by having both hermaphrodite
   and  unisexual  flowers  on  the  same  plant.  (b)  A  name  given by
   Linn\'91us to file orders of plants having syngenesious flowers.

                                  Polygamian

   Pol`y*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polygamous.

                                  Polygamist

   Po*lyg"a*mist  (?),  n. [Cf. F. polygamiste, polygame, Gr. a.] One who
   practices polygamy, or maintains its lawfulness.

                                  Polygamize

   Po*lyg"a*mize (?), v. i. To practice polygamy; to marry several wives.
   Sylvester. Coleridge.

                                  Polygamous

   Po*lyg"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. Bigamy.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  polygamy;  characterized by, or involving,
   polygamy;  having  a  plurality of wives; as, polygamous marriages; --
   opposed to monogamous.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Pairing with more than one female.

     Most deer, cattle, and sheep are polygamous. Darwin.

   3.  (Bot.)  Belonging to the Polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and
   unisexual flowers on the same plant.

                                   Polygamy

   Po*lyg"a*my (?), n. [Gr. polygamie.]

   1.  The  having  of a plurality of wives or husbands at the same time;
   usually, the marriage of a man to more than one woman, or the practice
   of having several wives, at the same time; -- opposed to monogamy; as,
   the nations of the East practiced polygamy. See the Note under Bigamy,
   and cf. Polyandry.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) The state or habit of having more than one mate.

   3.  (Bot.)  The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect
   and unisexual flowers.

                                 Polygastrian

   Pol`y*gas"tri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polygastrica. [Obs.]

                                  Polygastric

   Pol`y*gas"tric (?), a. [Poly- + gastric: cf. F. polygastrique.]

   1.  (Anat.)  Having  several  bellies; -- applied to muscles which are
   made up of several bellies separated by short tendons.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Polygastrica. [Obs.]

                                  Polygastric

   Pol`y*gas"tric (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polygastrica.

                                 Polygastrica

   Pol`y*gas"tri*ca (?), n. pl. [NL. So called because they were supposed
   to  have  several  stomachs,  or  digestive  cavities.] (Zo\'94l.) The
   Infusoria. [Obs.]

                             Polygenesis, Polygeny

   Pol`y*gen"e*sis  (?), Po*lyg"e*ny (?), n. [Poly- + genesis, or root of
   Gr.  (Biol.)  The  theory  that living organisms originate in cells or
   embryos  of  different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; --
   opposed to monogenesis.

                                 Polygenettic

   Pol`y*ge*net"tic (?), a.

   1.  Having  many  distinct  sources;  originating at various places or
   times.
   2.  (Biol.) Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic. Polygenetic
   mountain  range (Geol.), one which is composite, or consists of two or
   more   monogenetic   ranges,  each  having  had  its  own  history  of
   development. Dana.

                                   Polygenic

   Pol`y*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to polygeny; polygenetic.

                                  Polygenism

   Po*lyg"e*nism  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. polyg\'82nisme.] (Biol.) The doctrine
   that  animals  of  the  same  species  have  sprung from more than one
   original pair.

                                  Polygenist

   Po*lyg"e*nist  (?),  n.  (Biol.) One who maintains that animals of the
   same  species have sprung from more than one original pair; -- opposed
   to monogenist.

                                  Polygenous

   Po*lyg"e*nous  (?),  a.  [Poly-  +  -genous: cf. Gr. Consisting of, or
   containing, many kinds; as, a polygenous mountain. Kirwan.

                                   Polyglot

   Pol"y*glot (?), a. [Gr. polyglotte.]

   1.  Containing,  or  made  up,  of,  several languages; as, a polyglot
   lexicon, Bible.

   2. Versed in, or speaking, many languages.

                                   Polyglot

   Pol"y*glot, n.

   1.  One  who  speaks  several  languages.  [R.]  "A  polyglot, or good
   linguist." Howell.

   2.  A book containing several versions of the same text, or containing
   the  same subject matter in several languages; esp., the Scriptures in
   several languages.

     Enriched by the publication of polyglots. Abp. Newcome.

                                 Polyglottous

   Pol`y*glot"tous  (?),  a.  [See  Polyglot.]  Speaking  many languages;
   polyglot. [R.] "The polyglottous tribes of America." Max M\'81ller.

                                    Polygon

   Pol"y*gon  (?),  n. [Gr. polygone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having many
   angles,  and  consequently  many  sides;  esp.,  one  whose  perimeter
   consists  of  more  than  four  sides;  any figure having many angles.
   Polygon  of  forces  (Mech.),  a polygonal figure, the sides of which,
   taken successively, represent, in length and direction, several forces
   acting  simultaneously  upon  one point, so that the side necessary to
   complete  the  figure  represents  the  resultant of those forces. Cf.
   Parallelogram of forces, under Parallelogram.
   
                                 Polygonaceous
                                       
   Pol`y*go*na"ceous  (?), a. [See Polygonum.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
   a  natural  order  of  apetalous plants (Polygonace\'91), of which the
   knotweeds (species of Polygonum) are the type, and which includes also
   the  docks (Rumex), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape (Coccoloba), and
   several other genera. 

                                   Polygonal

   Po*lyg"o*nal  (?),  a.  Having many angles. Polygonal numbers, certain
   figurate numbers. See under Figurate.

                                 Polygoneutic

   Pol`y*go*neu"tic  (?),  a.  [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having two or more
   broods in a season.

                                 Polygonometry

   Pol`y*go*nom"e*try  (?),  n.  [Polygon  +  -metry.]  The  doctrine  of
   polygons;  an  extension  of some of the principles of trigonometry to
   the case of polygons.

                                  Polygonous

   Po*lyg"o*nous (?), a. Polygonal.

                                   Polygonum

   Po*lyg"o*num  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants embracing
   a  large  number  of  species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed,
   etc.

                                   Polygony

   Po*lyg"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polygonum.

                                  Polygordius

   Pol`y*gor"di*us  (?),  n.  [NL.  See Poly-, and Gordius.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   genus of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or ancestral type.
   It  is  remarkable  for  its  simplicity  of  structure  and  want  of
   parapodia.  It  is  the type of the order Archiannelida, or Gymnotoma.
   See Loeven's larva.

                                   Polygram

   Pol"y*gram  (?),  n.  [Gr.  A  figure  consisting  of many lines. [R.]
   Barlow.

                                   Polygraph

   Pol"y*graph (?), n. [Gr. polygraphe.]

   1.  An  instrument  for  multiplying  copies  of a writing; a manifold
   writer; a copying machine.

   2.  In bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or
   several authors. Brande & C.

                          Polygraphic, Polygraphical

   Pol`y*graph"ic  (?), Pol`y*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. polygraphique.]
   Pertaining   to,   or  employed  in,  polygraphy;  as,  a  polygraphic
   instrument.

   2. Done with a polygraph; as, a polygraphic copy.

                                  Polygraphy

   Po*lyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. polygraphie.]

   1. Much writing; writing of many books. [Obs.] Fuller.

   2. The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same.
   [R.]

   3. The art or practice of using a polygraph.

                                  Polygrooved

   Pol"y*grooved`  (?),  a.  [Poly- + groove.] Having many grooves; as, a
   polygrooved rifle or gun (referring to the rifling).

                                    Polygyn

   Pol"y*gyn  (?),  n. [Cf. F. polygyne. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A plant of
   the order Polygynia.

                                   Polygynia

   Pol`y*gyn"i*a  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an
   order of plants having many styles.

                            Polygynian, Polygynous

   Pol`y*gyn"i*an  (?),  Po*lyg"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Having many styles;
   belonging to the order Polygynia.

                                  Polygynist

   Po*lyg"y*nist  (?),  n.  One  who  practices or advocates polygyny. H.
   Spenser.

                                   Polygyny

   Po*lyg"y*ny  (?),  n.  [Poly-  +  Gr.  The state or practice of having
   several wives at the same time; marriage to several wives. H. Spenser.

                                  Polyhalite

   Pol`y*ha"lite  (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Min.) A mineral usually occurring
   in  fibrous  masses, of a brick-red color, being tinged with iron, and
   consisting chiefly of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda.

                           Polyhedral, Polyhedrical

   Pol`y*he"dral  (?), Pol`y*hed"ric*al (?), a. [See Polyhedron.] (Geom.)
   Having many sides, as a solid body. Polyhedral angle, an angle bounded
   by three or more plane angles having a common vertex.

                                  Polyhedron

   Pol`y*he"dron  (?),  n.;  pl.  E.  Polyhedrons. (#), L. Polyhedra (#).
   [NL., fr. Gr. poly\'8adre.]

   1. (Geom.) A body or solid contained by many sides or planes.

   2. (Opt.) A polyscope, or multiplying glass.

                                  Polyhedrous

   Pol`y*he"drous (?), a. Polyhedral.

                                  Polyhistor

   Pol`y*his"tor (?), n. [Gr. One versed in various learning. [R.]

                                  Polyhymnia

   Pol`y*hym"ni*a  (?),  n.  [L., from Gr. (Anc. Myth.) The Muse of lyric
   poetry.

                                  Polyiodide

   Pol`y*i"o*dide  (?),  n. (Chem.) A iodide having more than one atom of
   iodine in the molecule.

                                   Polylogy

   Po*lyl"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Talkativeness. [R.]

                                  Polyloquent

   Po*lyl"o*quent (?), a. [Poly- + L. loquens, p. pr. of logui to speak.]
   Garrulous; loquacious. [R.]

                                  Polymastism

   Pol`y*mas"tism  (?),  n.  [Poly- + Gr. (Anat.) The condition of having
   more than two mamm\'91, or breasts. <-- polymath = polymathist -->

                                  Polymathic

   Pol`y*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. polymathique. See Polymathy.] Pertaining
   to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of learning.

                                  Polymathist

   Po*lym"a*thist  (?),  n.  One  versed  in  many  sciences; a person of
   various learning.

                                   Polymathy

   Po*lym"a*thy  (?),  n.  [Gr.  The knowledge of many arts and sciences;
   variety of learning. Johnson.

                                 Polymeniscous

   Pol`y*me*nis"cous (?), a. [See Poly-, and Meniscus.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
   numerous  facets;  --  said  of  the  compound  eyes  of  insects  and
   crustaceans.

                                    Polymer

   Pol"y*mer  (?),  n.  [See  Polymeric.]  (Chem.) Any one of two or more
   substances  related  to  each  other  by  polymerism;  specifically, a
   substance  produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.
   [Formerly also written polymere.]

                                   Polymeric

   Pol`y*mer"ic  (?),  a. [Poly- + Gr. (Chem.) Having the same percentage
   composition  (that  is,  having  the  same elements united in the same
   proportion  by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often used
   with  with;  thus,  cyanic  acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and
   cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e fi gures ex pressing th e number of atoms of each
     element  in  a  number  of  polymeric  substances  are respectively
     multiples  and  factors  of  each other, or have some simple common
     divisor.  The  relation  may  be  merely a numerical one, as in the
     example given above, or a chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde,
     paraldehyde, and metaldehyde.

   <--  2. consisting of multiple units linked together by covalent bonds
   to form a larger molecule -->

                                  Polymerism

   Po*lym"er*ism  (?),  n. (Chem.) (a) The state, quality, or relation of
   two  or  more  polymeric substances. (b) The act or process of forming
   polymers.

                                Polymerization

   Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion  (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of changing to
   a polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change.

                                  Polymerize

   Pol"y*mer*ize  (?),  v.  t.  (Chem.)  To  cause  polymerization of; to
   produce  polymers  from;  to increase the molecular weight of, without
   changing  the  atomic  proportions;  thus,  certain  acids  polymerize
   aldehyde.

                                  Polymerize

   Pol"y*mer*ize,  v.  i. (Chem.) To change into another substance having
   the same atomic proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo
   polymerization; thus, aldehyde polymerizes in forming paraldehyde.

                                  Polymerous

   Po*lym"er*ous (?), a.

   1. (Bot.) Having many parts or members in each set. Gray.

   2. (Chem.) Polymeric. [Obs.]

                                   Polymnia

   Po*lym"ni*a (?), n. See Polyhymnia.

                                   Polymnite

   Pol"ym*nite  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Min.)  A stone marked with dendrites and
   black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.

                                   Polymorph

   Pol"y*morph  (?),  n.  [Gr.  polymorphe.]  (Crystallog.)  A  substance
   capable  of  crystallizing in several distinct forms; also, any one of
   these forms. Cf. Allomorph.

                                  Polymorphic

   Pol`y*mor"phic (?), a. Polymorphous.

                                 Polymorphism

   Pol`y*mor"phism (?), n.

   1. (Crystallog.) Same as Pleomorphism.

   2.  (Biol.)  (a)  The  capability  of  assuming  different  forms; the
   capability of widely varying in form. (b) Existence in many forms; the
   coexistence,  in  the  same  locality,  of  two or more distinct forms
   independent  of  sex,  not  connected  by intermediate gradations, but
   produced from common parents.

                                 Polymorphosis

   Pol`y*mor*pho"sis  (?),  n. [NL. See Poly-, and Morphosis.] (Zo\'94l.)
   The  assumption  of  several  structural forms without a corresponding
   difference in function; -- said of sponges, etc.

                                 Polymorphous

   Pol`y*mor"phous (?), a.

   1. Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles; as,
   a polymorphous author. De Quincey.

   2. (Biol.) Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed
   to monomorphic.
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   Page 1111

                                  Polymorphy

   Pol"y*mor`phy (?), n. Existence in many forms; polymorphism.

                                 Poly-mountain

   Po`ly-moun"tain  (?),  n.  (Bot.) (a) Same as Poly, n. (b) The closely
   related Teucrium montanum, formerly called Polium montanum, a plant of
   Southern Europe. (c) The Bartsia alpina, a low purple-flowered herb of
   Europe.

                                 Polymyod\'91

   Pol`y*my"o*d\'91  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Polymyoid.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Oscines.

                                  Polymyodous

   Pol`y*my"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Polymyoid.

                                   Polymyoid

   Po*lym"y*oid  (?),  a.  [Poly- + Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Having numerous
   vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the Polymyod\'91.

                                   Polyneme

   Pol"y*neme (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species
   of tropical food fishes of the family Polynemid\'91. They have several
   slender  filaments,  often  very long, below the pectoral fin. Some of
   them yield isinglass of good quality. Called also threadfish.

                                  Polynemoid

   Pol`y*ne"moid  (?),  a. [Polyneme + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining
   to the polynemes, or the family Polynemid\'91.

                                  Polynesian

   Pol`y*ne"sian  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of
   the eastern and central Pacific), or to the Polynesians.

                                  Polynesians

   Pol`y*ne"sians  (?),  n.  pl.; sing. Polynesian. (Ethnol.) The race of
   men native in Polynesia.

                                    Polynia

   Po*lyn"i*a  (?),  n.  [Russ. poluineia a warm place in water, i. e., a
   place  which  does  not freeze.] The open sea supposed to surround the
   north pole. Kane.

                                  Polynomial

   Pol`y*no"mi*al (?), n. [Poly- + -nomial, as in monomial, binomial: cf.
   F.  polyn\'93me.]  (Alg.) An expression composed of two or more terms,
   connected by the signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2.

                                  Polynomial

   Pol`y*no"mi*al, a.

   1.  Containing  many  names or terms; multinominal; as, the polynomial
   theorem.

   2.  Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or
   more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature.

                                  Polynuclear

   Pol`y*nu"cle*ar  (?),  a.  [Poly-  + nuclear.] (Biol.) Containing many
   nuclei.

                                 Polynucleolar

   Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar  (?),  a.  [Poly- + nucleolar.] (Biol.) Having more
   than one nucleolus.

                                 Polyommatous

   Pol`y*om"ma*tous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. Having many eyes.

                                  Polyonomous

   Pol`y*on"o*mous  (?),  a.  [Poly-  +  Gr. Having many names or titles;
   polyonymous. Sir W. Jones.

                                   Polyonomy

   Pol`y*on"o*my  (?),  n. [Cf. Gr. The use of a variety of names for the
   same object. G. S. Faber.

                                   Polyonym

   Pol"y*o*nym (?), n.

   1. An object which has a variety of names.

   2. A polynomial name or term.

                                  Polyonymous

   Pol`y*on"y*mous, a. Polyonomous.

                            Polyoptron, Polyoptrum

   Pol`y*op"tron (?), Pol`y*op"trum (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Opt.) A glass
   through which objects appear multiplied, but diminished in size. [R.]

                                   Polyorama

   Pol`y*o*ra"ma  (?),  n.  [Poly-  + Gr. A view of many objects; also, a
   sort of panorama with dissolving views.

                                     Polyp

   Pol"yp  (?),  n.  [L. polypus, Gr. polype. See Poly- and Foot, and cf.
   Polypode,  Polypody,  Poulp.]  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  One  of the feeding or
   nutritive  zooids  of a hydroid or coral. (b) One of the Anthozoa. (c)
   pl.  Same  as  Anthozoa. See Anthozoa, Madreporaria, Hydroid. [Written
   also  polype.] Fresh-water polyp, the hydra. -- Polyp stem (Zo\'94l.),
   that  portion of the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites,
   or feeding zooids.

                                  Polyparous

   Po*lyp"a*rous  (?),  a.  [Poly-  + L. parere to produce.] Producing or
   bearing a great number; bringing forth many.

                                   Polypary

   Pol"y*pa*ry  (?), n.; pl. Polyparies (#). [See Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
   as Polypidom.

                                    Polype

   Pol"ype (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Polyp.

                                   Polypean

   Pol`y*pe"an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a polyp, or polyps.

                                 Polyperythrin

   Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin  (?),  n.  [Polyp  + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A coloring
   matter found in many simple Anthozoa and some hydroids.

                                 Polypetalous

   Pol`y*pet"al*ous  (?),  a.  [Poly-  + petal.] (Bot.) Consisting of, or
   having,  several  or many separate petals; as, a polypetalous corolla,
   flower, or plant. Martyn.

                                  Polyphagous

   Po*lyph"a*gous  (?),  a.  [L.  polyphagus,  Gr. polyphage.] Eating, or
   subsisting on, many kinds of food; as, polyphagous animals.

                                   Polyphagy

   Po*lyph""a*gy  (?),  n.  The practice or faculty of subsisting on many
   kinds of food.

                                 Polypharmacy

   Pol`y*phar"ma*cy  (?),  n. [Poly- + Gr. polypharmacie.] (Med.) (a) The
   act  or practice of prescribing too many medicines. (b) A prescription
   made up of many medicines or ingredients. Dunglison.

                                  Polyphemus

   Pol`y*phe"mus  (?),  n.  [L.  Polyphemus  the one-eyed Cyclops who was
   blinded  by  Ulysses.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A  very large American moth (Telea
   polyphemus)  belonging  to  the  Silkworm  family  (Bombycid\'91). Its
   larva,  which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and
   with  oblique  white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut,
   willow,  cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of
   strong silk. Called also American silkworm.

                                   Polyphone

   Pol"y*phone  (?),  n. A character or vocal sign representing more than
   one sound, as read, which is pronounced r\'c7d or r\'cbd.

                                  Polyphonic

   Pol`y*phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. polyphone.]

   1. Having a multiplicity of sounds.

   2. Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian polyphonic characters.

   3.  (Mus.)  Consisting  of  several  tone  series,  or  melodic parts,
   progressing  simultaneously  according  to  the  laws of counterpoint;
   contrapuntal;  as, a polyphonic composition; -- opposed to homophonic,
   or monodic.

                                  Polyphonism

   Po*lyph"o*nism (?), n. Polyphony.

                                  Polyphonist

   Po*lyph"o*nist (?), n.

   1. A proficient in the art of multiplying sounds; a ventriloquist.

   2. (Mus.) A master of polyphony; a contrapuntist.

                                  Polyphonous

   Po*lyph"o*nous (?), a. Same as Polyphonic.

                                   Polyphony

   Po*lyph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr.

   1. Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo.

   2.  Plurality  of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal
   sign.

   3.  (Mus.)  Composition  in  mutually related, equally important parts
   which  share  the  melody  among  them;  contrapuntal  composition; --
   opposed  to  homophony, in which the melody is given to one part only,
   the others filling out the harmony. See Counterpoint.

                                   Polyphore

   Pol"y*phore  (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. (Bot.) A receptacle which bears many
   ovaries.

                                 Polyphyletic

   Pol`y*phy*let"ic  (?),  a.  [Poly-  +  Gr.  (Biol.)  Pertaining to, or
   characterized  by,  descent from more than one root form, or from many
   different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed to monophyletic.

                                 Polyphyllous

   Po*lyph"yl*lous  (?),  a.  [Gr. (Bot.) Many-leaved; as, a polyphyllous
   calyx or perianth.

                                    Polypi

   Pol"y*pi (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.

                                   Polypide

   Pol"y*pide  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the  ordinary zooids of the
   Bryozoa. [Spellt also polypid.]

                                   Polypidom

   Po*lyp"i*dom  (?),  n. [Polypus + L. domus house.] (Zo\'94l.) A coral,
   or  corallum;  also, one of the coral-like structure made by bryozoans
   and hydroids.

                                   Polypier

   Po`ly`pier" (?), n. [F.] A polypidom.

                                  Polypifera

   Pol`y*pif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.

                                 Polypiferous

   Pol*y*pif"er*ous  (?),  a.  [Polypus  +  -ferous.]  (Zo\'94l.) Bearing
   polyps, or polypites.

                                 Polypiparous

   Pol`y*pip"a*rous  (?), a. [Polypus + L. parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Producing polyps.

                                   Polypite

   Pol"y*pite (?), n.

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  One of the feeding zooids, or polyps, of a coral,
   hydroid,  or  siphonophore;  a hydranth. See Illust. of Campanularian.
   (b) Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa.

   2. (Paleon.) A fossil coral.

                                Polyplacophora

   Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Poly-, and Placophora.]
   (Zo\'94l.) See Placophora.

                                  Polyplastic

   Pol`y*plas"tic (?), a. [Poly- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Assuming, or having
   the  power  of  assuming,  many forms; as, a polyplastic element which
   does not preserve its original shape.

                                   Polypode

   Pol`y*pode  (?), n. [Cf. F. polypode. See Polypody.] (Bot.) A plant of
   the genus Polypodium; polypody. [Written also polypod.]

                                   Polypode

   Pol"y*pode,  n. [Gr. polypode. See Polyp.] (Zo\'94l.) An animal having
   many feet; a myriapod.

                                  Polypodium

   Pol"y*po`di*um  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr.  Polyp, and cf. 2d Polypode.]
   (Bot.)  A  genus  of  plants  of  the  order  Filices  or  ferns.  The
   fructifications   are  in  uncovered  roundish  points,  called  sori,
   scattered  over  the  inferior surface of the frond or leaf. There are
   numerous species.

                                   Polypody

   Pol"y*po`dy (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polypodium.

                                   Polypoid

   Pol"y*poid (?), a. [Polyp + -oid.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.) Like a polyp; having the nature of a polyp, but lacking
   the tentacles or other parts.

   2.  (Med.) Resembling a polypus in appearance; having a character like
   that of a polypus.

                                Polypomedus\'91

   Pol`y*po*me*du"s\'91   (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Polyp,  and  Medusa.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hydrozoa.

                                  Polyporous

   Po*lyp"o*rous  (?;  277),  a.  [Poly-  +  porous.]  Having many pores.
   Wright.

                                   Polyporus

   Po*lyp"o*rus  (?),  n.; pl. Polypori (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus
   of  fungi  having  the  under  surface full of minute pores; also, any
   fungus of this genus.

     NOTE: &hand; Po lyporus fo mentarius wa s formerly dried and cut in
     slices  for  tinder,  called  amadou.  P.  betulinus  is  common in
     America, and forms very large thick white semicircular excrescences
     on  birch  trees.  Several  species  of  Polyporous  are considered
     edible.

                                   Polypous

   Pol"y*pous  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. polypeux. See Polyp.] Of the nature of a
   polypus;  having  many  feet or roots, like the polypus; affected with
   polypus.

                        Polypragmatic, Polypragmatical

   Pol`y*prag*mat"ic   (?),   Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al   (?),   a.  [Poly-  +
   pragmatic, -ical.] Overbusy; officious. [R.] Heywood.

                                 Polypragmaty

   Pol`y*prag"ma*ty  (?),  n.  [Poly-  + Gr. The state of being overbusy.
   [R.]

                                Polyprotodonta

   Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   marsupials in which there are more fore incisor teeth in each jaw.

                                 Polypteroidei

   Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Polypterus,  and  -oid.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A  suborder of existing ganoid fishes having numerous fins
   along  the  back.  The bichir, or Polypterus, is the type. See Illust.
   under Crossopterygian.

                                  Polypterus

   Po*lyp`te*rus  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An African genus of
   ganoid fishes including the bichir.

                                  Polyptoton

   Pol`yp*to"ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which a word is
   repeated  in  different  forms,  cases,  numbers, genders, etc., as in
   Tennyson's line, -- "My own heart's heart, and ownest own, farewell."

                                    Polypus

   Pol"y*pus  (?),  n.;  pl.  E.  Polypuses  (#),  L. Polypi (#). [L. See
   Polyp.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Polyp.<-- polyp is the normal term now -->

   2.  (Med.)  A tumor, usually with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a
   pear,  -- found in the nose, uterus, etc., and produced by hypertrophy
   of some portion of the mucous membrane.

                                  Polyrhizous

   Pol`y*rhi"zous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having numerous roots, or rootlets.

                                Polyschematist

   Pol`y*sche"ma*tist  (?),  a. [Poly- + Gr. Having, or existing in, many
   different forms or fashions; multiform.

                                   Polyscope

   Pol"y*scope (?), n. [Gr. polyscope.]

   1.  (Opt.)  A  glass  which  makes  a  single object appear as many; a
   multiplying glass. Hutton.

   2.  (Med.) An apparatus for affording a view of the different cavities
   of the body.

                                 Polysepalous

   Pol`y*sep"al*ous  (?),  a.  [Poly-  + sepal.] (Bot.) Having the sepals
   separate from each other.

                                  Polysilicic

   Pol`y*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Poly- + silicic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
   compounds  formed  by  the  condensation  of  two or more molecules of
   silicic  acid.  Polysilicic acid (Chem.), any one of a series of acids
   formed  by  the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid,
   with elimination of water.

                                   Polyspast

   Pol"y*spast  (?),  n.  [L. polyspaston, fr. Gr. polyspaste.] (Surg.) A
   machine   consisting  of  many  pulleys;  specifically,  an  apparatus
   formerly used for reducing luxations.

                                 Polyspermous

   Pol`y*sper"mous  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Bot.)  Containing  many seeds; as, a
   polyspermous capsule or berry. Martyn.

                                  Polyspermy

   Pol"y*sper`my  (?), n. (Biol.) Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage
   of more than one spermatozo\'94n into the vitellus in the impregnation
   of the ovum.

                                  Polysporous

   Pol`y*spor"ous (?), a. [Poly- + spore.] (Bot.) Containing many spores.

                                  Polystomata

   Pol`y*stom"a*ta  (?),  n.  pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   trematode  worms  having  more two suckers. Called also Polystomea and
   Polystoma.

                                   Polystome

   Pol"y*stome (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having many mouths.

                                   Polystome

   Pol"y*stome, n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal having many mouths; -- applied to
   Protozoa.

                                   Polystyle

   Pol"y*style  (?),  a. [Gr. polystyle.] (Arch.) Having many columns; --
   said  of  a  building,  especially of an interior part or court; as, a
   polystyle hall. -- n. A polystyle hall or edifice.

                                 Polysulphide

   Pol`y*sul"phide  (?), n. [Poly- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide having
   more  than  one  atom  of  sulphur in the molecule; -- contrasted with
   monosulphide.

                                 Polysulphuret

   Pol`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A polysulphide. [Obsoles.]

                         Polysyllabic, Polysyllabical

   Pol`y*syl*lab"ic     (?),    Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al    (?),    a.    [Gr.
   polysyllabique.]   Pertaining   to   a  polysyllable;  containing,  or
   characterized   by,  polysyllables;  consisting  of  more  than  three
   syllables.

                                Polysyllabicism

   Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism (?), n. Polysyllabism.

                                Polysyllabicity

   Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty (?), n. Polysyllabism.

                                 Polysyllabism

   Pol`y*syl"la*bism (?), n. The quality or state of being polysyllabic.

                                 Polysyllable

   Pol"y*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Poly- + syllable.] A word of many syllables,
   or consisting of more syllables than three; -- words of less than four
   syllables being called monosyllables, dissyllables, and trisyllables.

                                 Polysyndetic

   Pol`y*syn*det"ic   (?),  a.  Characterized  by  polysyndeton,  or  the
   multiplication of conjunctions. -- Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

                                 Polysyndeton

   Pol`y*syn"de*ton  (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which the
   conjunction  is often repeated, as in the sentence, "We have ships and
   men and money and stores." Opposed to asyndeton.

                                 Polysynthesis

   Pol`y*syn"the*sis (?), n. [Poly- + synthesis.]

   1.  The  act  or  process  of  combining many separate elements into a
   whole.

   2.  (Philol.)  The  formation  of a word by the combination of several
   simple   words,   as   in   the   aboriginal   languages  of  America;
   agglutination. Latham.

                                 Polysynthetic

   Pol`y*syn*thet"ic  (?),  a.  [Poly-  +  synthetic.]  Characterized  by
   polysynthesis;  agglutinative. Polysynthetic twinning (Min.), repeated
   twinning, like that of the triclinic feldspar, producing fine parallel
   bands in alternately reversed positions.

                                Polsyntheticism

   Pol`*syn*thet"i*cism (?), n. Polysynthesis.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1112

                                  Polytechnic

   Pol`y*tech"nic (?), a. [Gr. polytechnique.] Comprehending, or relating
   to,  many  arts  and  sciences;  -- applied particularly to schools in
   which  many  branches  of  art  and  science  are taught with especial
   reference  to  their  practical  application;  also  to exhibitions of
   machinery and industrial products.

                                 Polytechnical

   Pol`y*tech"nic*al (?), a. Polytechnic.

                                 Polytechnics

   Pol`y*tech"nics (?), n. The science of the mechanic arts.

                                 Polythalamia

   Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a  (?),  n.  pl. [NL. See Polythalamous.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   division of Foraminifera including those having a manychambered shell.

                                 Polythalamous

   Pol`y*thal"a*mous  (?),  a. [Poly- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Many-chambered; --
   applied  to  shells  of  Foraminifera  and cephalopods. See Illust. of
   Nautilus.

                                  Polytheism

   Pol"y*the*ism  (?),  n. [Poly- + Gr. polyth\'82isme.] The doctrine of,
   or belief in, a plurality of gods.

     In  the  Old  Testament, the gradual development of polytheism from
     the primitive monotheism may be learned. Shaff-Herzog.

                                  Polytheist

   Pol"y*the*ist,  n.  [Cf.  F.  polyth\'82iste.] One who believes in, or
   maintains the doctrine of, a plurality of gods.

                         Polytheistic, Polytheistical

   Pol`y*the*is"tic  (?), Pol`y*the*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
   polytheism;  characterized  by  polytheism;  professing  or advocating
   polytheism;  as,  polytheistic  worship;  a  polytheistic  author,  or
   nation. -- Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

                                  Polytheize

   Pol"y*the*ize  (?),  v.  i.  To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the
   doctrine of polytheism. Milman.

                                  Polythelism

   Pol`y*the"lism  (?),  n.  [Poly-  +  Gr.  qhlh` a nipple.] (Anat.) The
   condition of having more than two teats, or nipples.

                                  Polytocous

   Po*lyt"o*cous (?), a. [Gr.

   1.   (Bot.)  Bearing  fruit  repeatedly,  as  most  perennial  plants;
   polycarpic.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Producing many or young.

                                  Polytomous

   Po*lyt"o*mous  (?),  a.  [Poly-  +  Gr.  (Bot.)  Subdivided  into many
   distinct  subordinate  parts, which, however, not being jointed to the
   petiole, are not true leaflets; -- said of leaves. Henslow.

                                   Polytomy

   Po*lyt"o*my (?), n. (Logic) A division into many members. F. Bowen.

                                 Polytungstate

   Pol`y*tung"state (?), n. A salt of polytungstic acid.

                                 Polytungstic

   Pol`y*tung"stic  (?),  a. (Chem.) Containing several tungsten atoms or
   radicals; as, polytungstic acid. Polytungstic acid (Chem.), any one of
   several  complex  acids  of  tungsten containing more than one atom of
   tungsten.

                                   Polytype

   Pol"y*type  (?),  n.  [Poly-  +  -type.] (Print.) A cast, or facsimile
   copy, of an engraved block, matter in type, etc. (see citation); as, a
   polytype in relief.

     By  pressing  the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio matrix
     is  produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a polytype in
     relief is obtained. Hansard.

                                   Polytype

   Pol"y*type,  a.  (Print.)  Of  or pertaining to polytypes; obtained by
   polytyping; as, a polytype plate.

                                   Polytype

   Pol"y*type,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Polytyped  (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Polytyping (?).] (Print.) To produce a polytype of; as, to polytype an
   engraving.

                                    Poluria

   Pol`*u"ri*a  (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Urine.] (Med.) A persistently
   excessive  flow of watery urine, with low specific gravity and without
   the  presence  of either albumin or sugar. It is generally accompanied
   with more or less thirst.

                                  Polyvalent

   Po*lyv"a*lent  (?), a. [Poly- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valent.] (Chem.)
   Multivalent.

                                    Polyve

   Pol"yve (?), n. [See Polive.] A pulley. [Obs.]

                                    Polyzoa

   Pol`y*zo"a  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Bryozoa. See
   Illust. under Bryozoa, and Phylactol\'91mata.

                                   Polyzoan

   Pol`y*zo"an  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species of Polyzoa; one of the
   Polyzoa. (b) A polyzo\'94n.

                                  Polyzoarium

   Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Polyzoaria (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Polyzoary.

                                   Polyzoary

   Pol`y*zo"a*ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The compound organism of a polyzoan.

                                   Polyzonal

   Pol`y*zon"al  (?),  a.  [Poly-  +  zonal.] Consisting of many zones or
   rings.  Polyzonal lens (Opt.), a lens made up of pieces arranged zones
   or rings, -- used in the lanterns of lighthouses.

                                  Polyzo\'94n

   Pol`y*zo"\'94n   (?),   n.;  pl.  Polyzoa  (#).  [NL.  See  Polyzoan.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  One of the individual zooids forming the compound organism
   of a polyzoan.

                                    Pomace

   Pom"ace  (?;  277),  n.  [L.  ponum  a  fruit,  LL., an apple: cf. LL.
   pomagium,  pomacium.]  The  substance  of apples, or of similar fruit,
   crushed by grinding.

                                 Pomacentroid

   Po`ma*cen"troid  (?),  a.  [Gr.  -oid.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Pertaining to the
   Pomacentrid\'91,  a  family  of  bright-colored tropical fishes having
   spiny opercula; -- often called coral fishes.

                                   Pomaceous

   Po*ma"ceous (?), a. [LL. ponum an apple.]

   1.  (Bot.)  (a)  Like  an  apple  or  pear; producing pomes. (b) Of or
   pertaining  to  a  suborder  (Pome\'91)  of  rosaceous  plants,  which
   includes  the true thorn trees, the quinces, service berries, medlars,
   and loquats, as well as the apples, pears, crabs, etc.

   2. Like pomace.

                                    Pomade

   Po*made"  (?;  277), n. [F. pommade pomatum, OF. pomade cider (cf. Sp.
   pomada,  It. pomata, LL. pomata a drink made of apples), from L. pomum
   fruit, LL., an apple. Cf. Pomatum.]

   1. Cider. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

   2.  Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for the hair; pomatum;
   -- originally made from apples.

                                   Pomander

   Po*man"der  (?),  n. [Sp. poma.] (a) A perfume to be carried with one,
   often  in  the  form  of  a  ball.  (b) A box to contain such perfume,
   formerly carried by ladies, as at the end of a chain; -- more properly
   pomander box. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                   Pomarine

   Po"ma*rine  (?),  a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the nostril covered with a
   scale. Pomarine jager (Zo\'94l.), a North Atlantic jager (Stercorarius
   pomarinus) having the elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult
   is black.

                                    Pomatum

   Po*ma"tum  (?),  n.  [See  Pomade.] A perfumed unguent or composition,
   chiefly used in dressing the hair; pomade. Wiseman.

                                    Pomatum

   Po*ma"tum, v. t. To dress with pomatum.

                                     Pome

   Pome (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit: cf. F. pomme apple. Cf. Pomade.]

   1.  (Bot.)  A  fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels
   inclosed  in  an  adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and
   partly calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear.

   2.  (R.  C. Ch.) A ball of silver or other metal, which is filled with
   hot  water,  and  used by the priest in cold weather to warm his hands
   during the service.

                                     Pome

   Pome, v. i. [Cf. F. pommer. See Pome, n.] To grow to a head, or form a
   head in growing. [Obs.]

                                  Pomegranate

   Pome"gran`ate  (?;  277),  n.  [OE. pomgarnet, OF. pome de grenate, F.
   grenade,  L.  pomum  a fruit + granatus grained, having many grains or
   seeds. See Pome, and Garnet, Grain.]

   1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself
   (see  Balaustine),  which is native in the Orient, but is successfully
   cultivated  in  many  warm  countries,  and as a house plant in colder
   climates.  The  fruit  is  as  large as an orange, and has a hard rind
   containing  many  rather large seeds, each one separately covered with
   crimson, acid pulp.

   2.  A  carved  or  embroidered  ornament resembling a pomegranate. Ex.
   xxviii. 33.

                                     Pomel

   Pom"el (?), n. A pommel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Pomelo

   Pom"e*lo  (?), n. [Cf. Pompelmous.] A variety of shaddock, called also
   grape fruit.

                                    Pomely

   Pome"ly  (?),  a.  [OF.  pomel\'82, F. pommel\'82. See Pome.] Dappled.
   [Obs.] "Pomely gray." Chaucer.

                                  Pomeranian

   Pom`e*ra"ni*an  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of
   Prussia  on the Baltic Sea. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania.
   Pomeranian  dog  (Zo\'94l.), the loup-loup, or Spitz dog.<-- also just
   Pomeranian-->

                                   Pomewater

   Pome"wa`ter  (?),  n.  A  kind  of  sweet,  juicy apple. [Written also
   pomwater.] Shak.

                                     Pomey

   Pom"ey  (?),  n.; pl. Pomeys (#). [F. pomm\'82 grown round, or like an
   apple,  p. p. of pommer to pome.] (Her.) A figure supposed to resemble
   an apple; a roundel, -- always of a green color.

                                    Pomfret

   Pom"fret  (?),  n.  [Perhaps corrupt. fr. Pg. pampano a kind of fish.]
   (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the
   genus  Stromateus  (S.  niger, S. argenteus) native of Southern Europe
   and Asia. (b) A marine food fish of Bermuda (Brama Raji).

                                  Pomiferous

   Po*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pomifer; pomum fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F.
   pomif\'8are.]  (Bot.)  (a)  Bearing  pomes,  or  applelike fruits. (b)
   Bearing fruits, or excrescences, more or less resembling an apple.

                                    Pommage

   Pom"mage (?; 48), n. See Pomage.

                                   Pomm\'82

   Pom`m\'82"  (?), a. [F. See Pomey.] (Her.) Having the ends terminating
   in rounded protuberances or single balls; -- said of a cross.

                                 Pomme blanche

   Pomme` blanche" (?). [F., literally, white apple.] The prairie turnip.
   See under Prairie.

                                    Pommel

   Pom"mel  (?),  n. [OE. pomel, OF. pomel, F. pommeau, LL. pomellus, fr.
   L.  pomum  fruit,  LL.  also,  an apple. See Pome.] A knob or ball; an
   object  resembling  a  ball in form; as: (a) The knob on the hilt of a
   sword.  Macaulay. (b) The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow. (c)
   The  top  (of  the  head). Chaucer. (d) A knob forming the finial of a
   turret or pavilion.

                                    Pommel

   Pom"mel,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Pommeled (?) or Pommelled; p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Pommeling or Pommelling.] To beat soundly, as with the pommel of a
   sword,  or  with  something  knoblike;  hence, to beat with the fists.
   [Written also pummel.]

                                   Pommelion

   Pom*mel"ion  (?),  n.  [See Pommel: cf. LL. pomilio pygmy.] (Mil.) The
   cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a cannon. [R.]

                                  Pommett\'82

   Pom`met`t\'82"  (?), a. [F.] Having two balls or protuberances at each
   end; -- said of a cross.

                                  Pomological

   Po`mo*log"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pomologique.] Of or pertaining to
   pomology.

                                  Pomologist

   Po*mol"o*gist  (?),  n.  One  versed  in pomology; one who culticvates
   fruit trees.

                                   Pomology

   Po*mol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [L. pomum fruit + -logy: cf. F. pomologie.] The
   science of fruits; a treatise on fruits; the cultivation of fruits and
   fruit trees.

                                    Pomona

   Po*mo"na (?), n. [L., from pomum fruit.] (Class. Myth.) The goddess of
   fruits and fruit trees.

                                     Pomp

   Pomp (?), n. [OE. pompe, F. pompe, L. pompa, fr. Gr. Pump a shoe.]

   1.  A procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant.
   "All the pomps of a Roman triumph." Addison.

   2.  Show  of  magnificence;  parade;  display; power. Syn. -- Display;
   parade;    pageant;    pageantry;   splendor;   state;   magnificence;
   ostentation; grandeur; pride.

                                     Pomp

   Pomp  (?),  v.  i.  To  make  a pompons display; to conduct. [Obs.] B.
   Jonson.

                                   Pompadour

   Pom"pa*dour  (?),  n.  A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress
   cut  low  and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by
   drawing  it  straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called
   after   the  Marchioness  de  Pompadour  of  France.  Also  much  used
   adjectively.

                                    Pompano

   Pom"pa*no (?), n. [Sp. p\'a0mpano.] [Written also pampano.] (Zo\'94l.)

   1.  Any  one  of  several  species  of  marine  fishes  of  the  genus
   Trachynotus,  of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of
   the United States; -- called also palometa.

     NOTE: &hand; Th ey ha ve a  brilliant silvery or golden luster, and
     are   highly  esteemed  as  food  fishes.  The  round  pompano  (T.
     thomboides)  and  the  Carolina pompano (T. Carolinus) are the most
     common. Other species occur on the Pacific coast.

   2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus simillimus), highly valued as
   a food fish.
   Pompano shell (Zo\'94l.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Donax; --
   so called because eaten by the pompano. [Florida]

                                   Pompatic

   Pom*pat"ic (?), a. [L. pompaticus.] Pompous. [Obs.] Barrow.

                                  Pompelmous

   Pom"pel*mous  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pompelmouses (#). [D. pompelmoes; cf. G.
   pompelmuse,  F. pamplemousse, and F. pompol\'82on.] (Bot.) A shaddock,
   esp. one of large size.

                                    Pompet

   Pom"pet (?), n. [OF. pompette.] (Print.) The ball formerly used to ink
   the type.

                                   Pompholyx

   Pom"pho*lyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1. (Old Chem.) Impure zinc oxide.

   2.  (Med.)  A  skin disease in which there is an eruption of bull\'91,
   without inflammation or fever.

                                  Pompillion

   Pom*pil"lion (?), n. An ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds.
   [Obs.] Cotgrave.

                                    Pompion

   Pom"pi*on (?), n. [OF. pompon. See Pumpkin.] See Pumpion.

                                    Pompire

   Pom"pire  (?),  n.  [L.  pomum  a  fruit, LL. also, an apple + pirum a
   pear.] A pearmain. [Obs.]

                                   Pompoleon

   Pom*po"le*on (?), n. (Bot.) See Pompelmous.

                                    Pompon

   Pom"pon (?), n. [F.]

   1. Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or bonnet.

   2.  (Mil.)  A  tuft  or  ball  of wool, or the like, sometimes worn by
   soldiers on the front of the hat, instead of a feather.

                                   Pomposity

   Pom*pos"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Pomposities (. The quality or state of being
   pompous; pompousness. Thackeray.

                                    Pomposo

   Pom*po"so  (?),  a.  & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Grand and dignified; in grand
   style.

                                    Pompous

   Pomp"ous (?), a. [F. pompeux, L. pomposus. See Pomp.]

   1.  Displaying  pomp; stately; showy with grandeur; magnificent; as, a
   pompous procession.

   2.  Ostentatious;  pretentious;  boastful;  vainlorious;  as,  pompous
   manners; a pompous style. "Pompous in high presumption." Chaucer.

     he pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress. Thackeray.

   -- Pom"ous*ly, adv. -- Pomp"ous*ness, n.

                                   Pomptine

   Pomp"tine (?), a. See Pontine.

                                   Pomwater

   Pom"wa`ter (?), n. Same as Pomewater.

                                    Poncho

   Pon"cho (?), n.; pl. Ponchos (. [Sp.]

   1. A kind of cloak worn by the Spanish Americans, having the form of a
   blanket,  with  a  slit  in the middle for the head to pass through. A
   kind  of poncho made of rubber or painted cloth is used by the mounted
   troops in the United States service.

   2. A trade name for camlets, or stout worsteds.

                                     Pond

   Pond  (?), n. [Probably originally, an inclosed body of water, and the
   same  word  as  pound.  See  Pound  an  inclosure.]  A  body of water,
   naturally  or artificially confined, and usually of less extent than a
   lake.  "Through  pond  or  pool."  Milton.  Pond  hen  (Zo\'94l.), the
   American  coot. See Coot (a). -- Pond lily (Bot.), the water lily. See
   under  Water,  and Illust. under Nymph\'91a. -- Pond snail (Zo\'94l.),
   any  gastropod  living  in fresh-water ponds or lakes. The most common
   kinds  are  air-breathing snails (Pulmonifera) belonging to Limn\'91a,
   Physa,  Planorbis,  and  allied  genera.  The  operculated species are
   pectinibranchs,  belonging  to  Melantho,  Valvata,  and various other
   genera.<--  Some  general  are  italicised, otheres not. Why?? Thus in
   orig.  -->  --  Pond  spice  (Bot.),  an  American  shrub (Tetranthera
   geniculata) of the Laurel family, with small oval leaves, and axillary
   clusters  of little yellow flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows
   in  ponds  and swamps from Virginia to Florida. -- Pond tortoise, Pond
   turtle  (Zo\'94l.),  any freshwater tortoise of the family Emydid\'91.
   Numerous species are found in North America.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1113

                                     Pond

   Pond  (?),  v. t. To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond
   by damming.

                                     Pond

   Pond, v. t. [See Ponder.] To ponder. [Obs.]

     Pleaseth you, pond your suppliant's plaint. Spenser.

                                    Ponder

   Pon"der  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pondered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pondering.] [L. ponderare, fr. pondus, ponderis, a weight, fr. pendere
   to weigh: cf. F. pond\'82rer. See Pendant, and cf. Pound a weight.]

   1. To weigh. [Obs.]

   2.  To  weigh  in  the  mind;  to  view  with deliberation; to examine
   carefully; to consider attentively.

     Ponder the path of thy feet. Prov. iv. 26.

   Syn.  --  To  Ponder,  Consider,  Muse.  To  consider means to view or
   contemplate  with  fixed thought. To ponder is to dwell upon with long
   and  anxious  attention,  with  a  view  to  some  practical result or
   decision.  To  muse  is  simply  to  think  upon  continuously with no
   definite object, or for the pleasure it gives. We consider any subject
   which is fairly brought before us; we ponder a concern involving great
   interests; we muse on the events of childhood.

                                    Ponder

   Pon"der,  v.  i. To think; to deliberate; to muse; -- usually followed
   by on or over. Longfellow.

                                 Ponderability

   Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty  (?),  n. [Cf. F. pond\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality
   or state of being ponderable.

                                  Ponderable

   Pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [L. ponderabilis: cf. F. pond\'82rable.] Capable
   of being weighed; having appreciable weight. -- Pon"der*a*ble*ness, n.

                                   Ponderal

   Pon"der*al  (?),  a. [Cf. F. pond\'82ral.] Estimated or ascertained by
   weight;  --  distinguished  from numeral; as, a ponderal drachma. [R.]
   Arbuthnot.

                                  Ponderance

   Pon"der*ance  (?), n. [L. ponderans, p. pr. of ponderare to weigh: cf.
   OF. ponderant of weight.] Weight; gravity. [R.] Gregory.

                                   Ponderary

   Pon"der*a*ry  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to weight; as, a ponderary
   system. [R.] M'Culloch.

                                   Ponderate

   Pon"der*ate  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  ponderatus,  p.  p.  of ponderare. See
   Ponder.] To consider; to ponder. [R.]

                                   Ponderate

   Pon"der*ate, v. i. To have weight or influence. [R.]

                                  Ponderation

   Pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. ponderatio: cf. F. pond\'82ration.] The act
   of weighing. [R.] Arbuthnot.

                                   Ponderer

   Pon"der*er (?), n. One who ponders.

                                   Pondering

   Pon"der*ing, a. Deliberating. -- Pon"der*ing*ly, adv.

                                  Ponderosity

   Pon`der*os"i*ty  (?), n.; pl. Ponderosities (#). [OF. ponderosit\'82.]
   The  quality  or state of being ponderous; weight; gravity; heaviness,
   ponderousness; as, the ponderosity of gold. Ray.

                                   Ponderous

   Pon"der*ous  (?), a. [L. ponderosus, from pondus, -eris, a weight: cf.
   F. pond\'82reux. See Ponder.]

   1.  Very heavy; weighty; as, a ponderous shield; a ponderous load; the
   ponderous elephant.

     The sepulcher . . . Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws. Shak.

   2.  Important;  momentous;  forcible. "Your more ponderous and settled
   project." Shak.

   3. Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit; as, a ponderous style; a
   ponderous joke.
   Ponderous spar (Min.), heavy spar, or barytes. See Barite.

                                  Ponderously

   Pon"der*ous*ly, adv. In a ponderous manner.

                                 Ponderousness

   Pon"der*ous*ness,   n.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  ponderous;
   ponderosity.

                                   Pondfish

   Pond"fish`  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of American
   fresh-water  fishes belonging to the family Centrarchid\'91; -- called
   also pond perch, and sunfish.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e common pondfish of New England (Lepomis gibbosus)
     is  called  also  bream,  pumpkin seed, and sunny. See Sunfish. The
     long-eared  pondfish (Lepomis auritus) of the Eastern United States
     is distinguished by its very long opercular flap.

                                   Pondweed

   Pond"weed`  (?), n. (Bot.) Any aquatic plant of the genus Potamogeton,
   of  which many species are found in ponds or slow-moving rivers. Choke
   pondweed,  an American water weed (Anarcharis, OR Elodea, Canadensis.)
   See  Anacharis.  --  Horned  pondweed,  the  Zannichellia palustris, a
   slender, branching aquatic plant, having pointed nutlets.

                                     Pone

   Pone  (?), n. [Of Amer. Indian origin.] A kind of johnnycake. [Written
   also paune.] [Southern U. S.]

                                    Ponent

   Po"nent  (?),  a. [OF., fr. It. ponente, properly, setting (applied to
   the  setting  sun),  fr.  L.  ponens,  p.  pr. of ponere to set, put.]
   Western; occidental. [R.]

     Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. Milton.

                                    Pongee

   Pon*gee" (?), n. [Of East Indian origin.] A fabric of undyed silk from
   India and China.

                                    Ponghee

   Pon*ghee"  (?),  n.  [From  the native name.] A Buddhist priest of the
   higher orders in Burmah. Malcom.

                                     Pongo

   Pon"go  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.) Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee
   and the orang-outang.

                                    Poniard

   Pon"iard  (?), n. [F. poignard (cf. It. pugnale, Sp. pu\'a4al), fr. L.
   pugio,  -onis;  probably  akin  to pugnus fist, or fr. pugnus fist, as
   held  in  the  fist.  See  Pugnacious.] A kind of dagger, -- usually a
   slender one with a triangular or square blade.

     She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak.

                                    Poniard

   Pon"iard,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poniarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Poniarding.]
   To pierce with a poniard; to stab. Cowper.

                                  Ponibility

   Po`ni*bil"i*ty  (?),  n. [L. ponere to place.] The capability of being
   placed or located. [Obs.] Barrow.

                                     Pons

   Pons  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pontes (#). [L., a bridge.] (Anat.) A bridge; --
   applied  to  several parts which connect others, but especially to the
   pons  Varolii,  a  prominent  band  of  nervous tissue situated on the
   ventral  side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side with
   the  hemispheres  of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See Brain. Pons
   asinorum.  [L.,  literally, bridge of asses.] See Asses' bridge, under
   Ass.

                                    Pontage

   Pon"tage  (?;  48), n. [LL. pontagium, from L. pons, pontis, a bridge:
   cf.  F.  pontage.]  (O.  Eng.  Law)  A  duty or tax paid for repairing
   bridges. Ayliffe.

                                    Pontee

   Pon*tee"  (?), n. [F. pontil, pontis.] (Glass Making) An iron rod used
   by  glass  makers  for  manipulating  the  hot  glass; -- called also,
   puntil, puntel, punty, and ponty. See Fascet.

                                    Pontic

   Pon"tic  (?),  a.  [L.  Ponticus,  Gr. Of or pertaining to the Pontus,
   Euxine, or Black Sea.

                                   Pontifex

   Pon"ti*fex (?), n.; pl. Pontifices (#). [L.] A high priest; a pontiff.

                                    Pontiff

   Pon"tiff  (?),  n.  [F.  pontife, L. pontifex, -ficis; pons, pontis, a
   bridge  (perhaps  originally,  a  way,  path)  +  facere  to make. Cf.
   Pontoon.] A high priest. Especially: (a) One of the sacred college, in
   ancient  Rome,  which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of
   religion, at the head of which was the Pontifex Maximus. Dr. W. Smith.
   (b) (Jewish Antiq.) The chief priest. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The pope.

                                   Pontific

   Pon*tif"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. pontificius.]

   1.  Relating  to, or consisting of, pontiffs or priests. "The pontific
   college with their augurs and flamens." Milton.

   2. Of or pertaining to the pope; papal. Shenstone.

                                  Pontifical

   Pon*tif"ic*al  (?),  a.  [L.  pontificalis:  cf.  F.  pontifical.  See
   Pontiff.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  pontiff, or high priest; as, pontifical
   authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal.

   2. Of or pertaining to the building of bridges. [R.]

     Now  had  they brought the work by wondrous art Pontifical, a ridge
     of pendent rock Over the vexed abyss. Milton.

                                  Pontifical

   Pon*tif"ic*al, n. [F.]

   1.  A  book  containing  the  offices, or formulas, used by a pontiff.
   South.

   2.  pl.  The  dress  and  ornaments  of  a  pontiff.  "Dressed in full
   pontificals." Sir W. Scott.

                                 Pontificality

   Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty  (?),  n. The state and government of the pope; the
   papacy. [R.] Bacon.

                                 Pontifically

   Pon*tif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a pontifical manner.

                                  Pontificate

   Pon*tif"i*cate  (?),  n.  [L.  pontificatus:  cf.  F.  pontificat. See
   Pontiff.]

   1.  The state or dignity of a high priest; specifically, the office of
   the pope. Addison.

   2. The term of office of a pontiff. Milman.

                                  Pontificate

   Pon*tif"i*cate  (?),  v.  i.  (R.  C.  Ch.)  To  perform the duty of a
   pontiff.

                                   Pontifice

   Pon"ti*fice  (?),  n. [L. pons, pontis, a bridge + facere to make. Cf.
   Pontiff.] Bridgework; structure or edifice of a bridge. [R.] Milton.

                                  Pontificial

   Pon`ti*fi"cial  (?),  a.  [L.  pontificius.] Papal; pontifical. [Obs.]
   "Pontificial writers." Burton.

                                  Pontifician

   Pon`ti*fi"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pontiff or pope. [Obs.]
   Bp. Hall.

                                  Pontifician

   Pon`ti*fi"cian,  n.  One  who adheres to the pope or papacy; a papist.
   [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

                                    Pontil

   Pon"til (?), n. Same as Pontee.

                                    Pontile

   Pon"tile  (?),  a. [L. pontilis pertaining to a bridge.] (Anat.) Of or
   pertaining to the pons Varolii. See Pons.

                                    Pontine

   Pon"tine  (?), a. [L. Pontinus or Pomptinus, an appellation given to a
   district  in  Latium,  near Pometia.] Of or pertaining to an extensive
   marshy district between Rome and Naples. [Written also Pomptine.]

                                   Pontlevis

   Pont"le*vis (?), n. [F., properly, a drawbridge.] (Man.) The action of
   a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously.

                                    Ponton

   Pon*ton" (?), n. [F.] See Pontoon.

                                    Pontoon

   Pon*toon"  (?), n. [F. ponton (cf. It. pontone), from L. ponto, -onis,
   fr.  pons,  pontis, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path: cf. Gr.
   path, pathi, panthan. Cf. Punt a boat.]

   1. (Mil.) A wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic cylinder, or a frame
   covered  with  canvas,  India  rubber, etc., forming a portable float,
   used in building bridges quickly for the passage of troops.

   2.  (Naut.)  A  low,  flat  vessel, resembling a barge, furnished with
   cranes,  capstans,  and  other  machinery,  used  in  careening ships,
   raising  weights, drawing piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a
   lighter.
   Pontoon  bridge,  a bridge formed with pontoons. -- Pontoon train, the
   carriages  of  the pontoons, and the materials they carry for making a
   pontoon bridge.

     NOTE: &hand; The French spelling ponton often appears in scientific
     works, but pontoon is more common form.

                                  Pontooning

   Pon*toon"ing,  n.  The  act,  art,  or process of constructing pontoon
   bridges. "Army instruction in pontooning." Gen. W. T. Shermah.

                                   Ponvolant

   Pon`vo*lant"  (?; F. ?), n. [F. pont bridge + volant flying.] (Mil.) A
   kind of light bridge, used in sieges, for surprising a post or outwork
   which has but a narrow moat; a flying bridge.

                                     Ponty

   Pon"ty (?), n. (Class Making) See Pontee.

                                     Pony

   Po"ny (?), n.; pl. Ponies (. [Written also poney.] [Gael. ponaidh.]

   1. A small horse.

   2. Twenty-five pounds sterling. [Slang, Eng.]

   3.  A  translation  or a key used to avoid study in getting lessons; a
   crib. [College Cant]

   4. A small glass of beer. [Slang]
   Pony chaise, a light, low chaise, drawn by a pony or a pair of ponies.
   --  Pony  engine, a small locomotive for switching cars from one track
   to  another.  [U.S.]  -- Pony truck (Locomotive Engine), a truck which
   has  only  two  wheels. -- Pony truss (Bridge Building), a truss which
   has so little height that overhead bracing can not be used.

                                     Pood

   Pood  (?),  n.  [Russ. pud'.] A Russian weight, equal to forty Russian
   pounds or about thirty-six English pounds avoirdupois.

                                    Poodle

   Poo"dle  (?),  n.  [G. pudel.] (Zo\'94l.) A breed of dogs having curly
   hair,  and often showing remarkable intelligence in the performance of
   tricks.

                                     Pooh

   Pooh  (?),  interj.  [Of. imitative origin; cf. Icel. p&umac;.] Pshaw!
   pish! nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike, or contempt.

                                   Pooh-pooh

   Pooh`-pooh"  (?),  v.  t.  To make light of; to treat with derision or
   contempt, as if by saying pooh! pooh! [Colloq.] Thackeray.

                                    Pookoo

   Poo"koo  (?),  n.  [From  the  native  name.] (Zo\'94l.) A red African
   antelope (Kobus Vardoni) allied to the water buck.

                                     Pool

   Pool  (?),  n. [AS. p\'d3l; akin to LG. pool, pohl, D. poel, G. pfuhl;
   cf. Icel. pollr, also W. pwll, Gael. poll.]

   1. A small and rather deep collection of (usually) fresh water, as one
   supplied  by  a  spring,  or  occurring  in  the course of a stream; a
   reservoir for water; as, the pools of Solomon. Wyclif.

     Charity  will  hardly  water  the ground where it must first fill a
     pool. Bacon.

     The sleepy pool above the dam. Tennyson.

   2.  A  small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle. "The filthy
   mantled pool beyond your cell." Shak.

                                     Pool

   Pool,  n.  [F.  poule,  properly,  a  hen.  See Pullet.] [Written also
   poule.]

   1. The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an
   aggregated  stake  to which each player has contributed a snare; also,
   the receptacle for the stakes.

   2.  A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain
   sum,  the  winner  taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a
   game  in  which  the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in
   the game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table.

     NOTE: &hand; Th is ga me is  pl ayed va riously, bu t commonly with
     fifteen balls, besides one cue ball, the contest being to drive the
     most balls into the pockets.

     He plays pool at the billiard houses. Thackeray.

   3.  In  rifle  shooting,  a  contest  in  which each competitor pays a
   certain  sum  for  every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided
   among the winners.

   4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join.

   5.  A  combination  of  persons  contributing money to be used for the
   purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain,
   or  other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed;
   as,  the  pool  took  all  the  wheat  offered below the limit; he put
   $10,000 into the pool.

   6.  (Railroads) A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which
   the  receipts  of  all  are  aggregated, and then distributed pro rata
   according to agreement.

   7.  (Law)  An  aggregation  of  properties  or  rights,  belonging  to
   different  people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with
   common liabilities.
   Pin  pool,  a  variety  of the game of billiards in which small wooden
   pins  are set up to be knocked down by the balls. -- Pool ball, one of
   the  colored  ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called
   pool. -- Pool snipe (Zo\'94l.), the European redshank. [Prov. Eng.] --
   Pool  table, a billiard table with pockets.<-- pool hall, a commercial
   establishment  where customers may play pool for a fee. pool room, (a)
   a room containing a pool table as its most prominent feature. (b) pool
   hall. -->

                                     Pool

   Pool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooling.] To put
   together;  to  contribute  to  a common fund, on the basis of a mutual
   division  of  profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the
   companies pooled their traffic.

     Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues. U. S. Grant.

                                     Pool

   Pool, v. i. To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial,
   speculative, or gambling transaction.

                                    Pooler

   Pool"er (?), n. A stick for stirring a tan vat.

                                    Pooling

   Pool"ing,  n.  (Law)  The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an
   aggregation  of properties belonging to different persons, with a view
   to common liabilities or profits.

                                     Poon

   Poon  (?),  n.  [Canarese  ponne.]  A name for several East Indian, or
   their  wood,  used  for the masts and spars of vessels, as Calophyllum
   angustifolium,  C. inophullum, and Sterculia f\'d2tida; -- called also
   peon.

                                    Poonac

   Poo"nac (?), n. A kind of oil cake prepared from the cocoanut. See Oil
   cake, under Cake.

                                  Poonga oil

   Poon"ga  oil`  (?).  A  kind  of  oil used in India for lamps, and for
   boiling with dammar for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds
   of a leguminous tree (Pongamia glabra).

                                     Poop

   Poop (?), n. (Arch.) See 2d Poppy.

                                     Poop

   Poop,  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Pooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooping.] [Cf.
   D. poepen. See Pop.] To make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind.

                                     Poop

   Poop, n. [F. poupe; cf. Sp. & Pg. popa, It. poppa; all fr. L. puppis.]
   (Naut.)  A  deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost
   or  after  part  of  a  vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a
   deck. See Poop deck, under Deck. See also Roundhouse.

     With wind in poop, the vessel plows the sea. Dryden.

     The poop was beaten gold. Shak.

                                     Poop

   Poop, v. t. (Naut.) (a) To break over the poop or stern, as a wave. "A
   sea  which  he  thought  was going to poop her." Lord Dufferin. (b) To
   strike in the stern, as by collision.

                                    Pooped

   Pooped  (?),  p.  p.  & a. (Naut.) (a) Having a poop; furnished with a
   poop.  (b)  Struck  on  the  poop. <-- (c) Tired; exhausted, fatigued.
   pooped out a. pooped[c]. -->

                                    Pooping

   Poop"ing (?), n. (Naut.) The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern
   by a following wave or vessel.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1114

                                     Poor

   Poor (?), a. [Compar. Poorer (?; 254); superl. Poorest.] [OE. poure or
   povre, OF. povre, F. pauvre, L. pauper; the first syllable of which is
   probably  akin  to  paucus  few  (see Paucity, Few), and the second to
   parare to prepare, procure. See Few, and cf. Parade, Pauper, Poverty.]

   1.  Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy;
   indigent.

     NOTE: &hand; It   is  of ten sy nonymous wi th in digent an d wi th
     necessitous  denoting  extreme  want. It is also applied to persons
     who  are  not entirely destitute of property, but who are not rich;
     as, a poor man or woman; poor people.

   2.  (Law)  So  completely  destitute  of property as to be entitled to
   maintenance from the public.

   3. Hence, in very various applications: Destitute of such qualities as
   are desirable, or might naturally be expected; as: (a) Wanting in fat,
   plumpness,  or  fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; as, a poor horse,
   ox,  dog,  etc.  "Seven  other  kine came up after them, poor and very
   ill-favored  and  lean-fleshed." Gen. xli. 19. (b) Wanting in strength
   or vigor; feeble; dejected; as, poor health; poor spirits. "His genius
   .  .  .  poor  and cowardly." Bacon. (c) Of little value or worth; not
   good; inferior; shabby; mean; as, poor clothes; poor lodgings. "A poor
   vessel."  Clarendon.  (d)  Destitute  of fertility; exhausted; barren;
   sterile;  --  said  of  land;  as, poor soil. (e) Destitute of beauty,
   fitness,  or  merit; as, a poor discourse; a poor picture. (f) Without
   prosperous  conditions  or  good  results;  unfavorable;  unfortunate;
   unconformable; as, a poor business; the sick man had a poor night. (g)
   Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; as, a poor excuse.

     That  I  have  wronged no man will be a poor plea or apology at the
     last day. Calamy.

   4.  Worthy  of  pity  or sympathy; -- used also sometimes as a term of
   endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word of
   contempt.

     And for mine own poor part, Look you, I'll go pray. Shak.

     Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing. Prior.

   5. Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek. "Blessed are
   the poor in spirit." Matt. v. 3.
   Poor law, a law providing for, or regulating, the relief or support of
   the  poor.  -- Poor man's treacle (Bot.), garlic; -- so called because
   it was thought to be an antidote to animal poison. [Eng] Dr. Prior. --
   Poor  man's weatherglass (Bot.), the red-flowered pimpernel (Anagallis
   arvensis),  which  opens  its  blossoms  only in fair weather. -- Poor
   rate, an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief or
   support  of  the  poor. -- Poor soldier (Zo\'94l.), the friar bird. --
   The  poor,  those  who  are  destitute  of property; the indigent; the
   needy. In a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by
   the  public.  "I have observed the more public provisions are made for
   the poor, the less they provide for themselves." Franklin.
   
                                     Poor
                                       
   Poor  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European codfish (Gadus minutus); --
   called also power cod. 

                                    Poorbox

   Poor"box`  (?),  n.  A receptacle in which money given for the poor is
   placed.

                                   Poorhouse

   Poor"house`  (?),  n. A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at
   public expense; an almshouse; a workhouse.

                                   Poor-john

   Poor"-john`  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European fish, similar to the
   cod, but of inferior quality.

     Poor-john and apple pies are all our fare. Sir J. Harrington.

                                  Poorliness

   Poor"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being poorly; ill health.

                                    Poorly

   Poor"ly, adv.

   1.  In  a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or sufficiency, or
   suitable provision for comfort; as, to live poorly.

   2.  With  little  or  no success; indifferently; with little profit or
   advantage; as, to do poorly in business.

   3. Meanly; without spirit.

     Nor  is  their  courage  or their wealth so low, That from his wars
     they poorly would retire. Dryden.

   4. Without skill or merit; as, he performs poorly.
   Poorly off, not well off; not rich.

                                    Poorly

   Poor"ly,  a.  Somewhat  ill;  indisposed;  not in health. "Having been
   poorly in health." T. Scott.

                                   Poorness

   Poor"ness, n. The quality or state of being poor (in any of the senses
   of the adjective). Bacon.

                                 Poor-spirited

   Poor"-spir`it*ed  (?),  a.  Of  a  mean  spirit;  cowardly;  base.  --
   Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

                                   Poor-will

   Poor"-will` (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   bird of the Western United States (Phal\'91noptilus Nutalli) allied to
   the whip-poor-will.

                                  Poor-willie

   Poor"-wil`lie (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zo\'94l.)
   The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

                                      Pop

   Pop (?), n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Poop.]

   1. A small, sharp, quick explosive sound or report; as, to go off with
   a pop. Addison.

   2.  An  unintoxicating  beverage which expels the cork with a pop from
   the bottle containing it; as, ginger pop; lemon pop, etc. Hood.

   3. (Zo\'94l.) The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.]
   Pop  corn.  (a)  Corn,  or  maize, of peculiar excellence for popping;
   especially,  a  kind  the  grains  of which are small and compact. (b)
   Popped corn; which has been popped.

                                      Pop

   Pop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Popped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Popping.]

   1.  To  make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets popped away
   on all sides.

   2.  To  enter,  or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move
   from  place  to  place  suddenly; to dart; -- with in, out, upon, off,
   etc.

     He  that killed my king . . . Popp'd in between the election and my
     hopes. Shak.

     A trick of popping up and down every moment. Swift.

   3.  To  burst  open with a pop, when heated over a fire; as, this corn
   pops well.

                                      Pop

   Pop, v. t.

   1.  To  thrust  or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring suddenly
   and unexpectedly to notice; as, to pop one's head in at the door.

     He popped a paper into his hand. Milton.

   2.  To  cause  to  pop;  to  cause to burst open by heat, as grains of
   Indian corn; as, to pop corn or chestnuts.
   To  pop  off,  to thrust away, or put off promptly; as, to pop one off
   with  a  denial.  Locke.  --  To pop the question, to make an offer of
   marriage to a lady. [Colloq.] Dickens.

                                      Pop

   Pop  (?),  adv.  Like  a  pop;  suddenly;  unexpectedly. "Pop goes his
   plate." Beau. & Fl.

                                     Pope

   Pope (?), n. [AS. p\'bepa, L. papa father, bishop. Cf. Papa, Papal.]

   1. Any ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.] Foxe.

   2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See Note
   under Cardinal.

   3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church.

   4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish; the ruff.
   Pope  Joan, a game at cards played on a round board with compartments.
   --  Pope's  eye,  the  gland  surrounded with fat in the middle of the
   thigh of an ox or sheep. R. D. Blackmore. -- Pope's nose, the rump, or
   uropygium, of a bird. See Uropygium.

                                    Popedom

   Pope"dom (?), n. [AS. p\'beped\'d3m.]

   1. The place, office, or dignity of the pope; papal dignity. Shak.

   2. The jurisdiction of the pope.

                                   Popeling

   Pope"ling (?), n.

   1. A petty or deputy pope.

   2. An adherent of the pope. [R.] Marlowe.

                                   Popelote

   Pop"e*lote (?), n. A word variously explained as "a little puppet," "a
   little doll," or "a young butterfly." Cf. Popet. [Obs.]

     So gay a popelote, so sweet a wench. Chaucer.

                                    Popery

   Pop"er*y   (?),   n.  The  religion  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,
   comprehending  doctrines  and  practices;  --  generally  used  in  an
   opprobrious sense.

                                     Popet

   Pop"et (?), n. A puppet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Popgun

   Pop"gun`  (?),  n.  A  child's  gun;  a  tube  and rammer for shooting
   pellets, with a popping noise, by compression of air.

                                   Popinjay

   Pop"in*jay  (?), n. [OE. popingay, papejay, OF. papegai, papegaut; cf.
   Pr.  papagai, Sp. & Pg. papagayo, It. pappagallo, LGr. gallus cock, or
   the same word as E. jay, F. geai. Cf. Papagay.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The green woodpecker. (b) A parrot.

     The pye and popyngay speak they know not what. Tyndale.

   2. A target in the form of a parrot. [Scot.]

   3.  A  trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb. "To be so pestered with a
   popinjay." Shak.

                                    Popish

   Pop"ish  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by
   the  pope;  hence,  of  or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; --
   often used opprobriously. -- Pop"ish*ly, adv. -- Pop"ish*ness, n.

                                    Poplar

   Pop"lar  (?), n. [OE. popler, OF. poplier, F. peuplier, fr. L. populus
   poplar.] (Bot.)

   1. Any tree of the genus Populus; also, the timber, which is soft, and
   capable of many uses.

     NOTE: &hand; Th  e as  pen po  plar is   Po pulus tr emula an d P. 
     tremuloides;  Balsam  poplar is P. balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P.
     dilatata) is a tall, spiry tree; white poplar is Populus alba.

   2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also white poplar. [U.S.]

                                    Poplexy

   Po*plex"y (?), n. Apoplexy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Poplin

   Pop"lin  (?),  n. [F. popeline, papeline.] A fabric of many varieties,
   usually  made  of  silk  and  worsted,  -- used especially for women's
   dresses.  Irish poplin, a fabric with silk warp and worsted weft, made
   in Ireland.

                                   Popliteal

   Pop*lit"e*al (?; 277), a. [From L. poples, -itis, the ham.] (Anat.) Of
   or pertaining to the ham; in the region of the ham, or behind the knee
   joint; as, the popliteal space.

                                   Poplitic

   Pop*lit"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Popliteal.

                                    Popper

   Pop"per (?), n. A utensil for popping corn, usually a wire basket with
   a long handle.

                                    Popper

   Pop"per, n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Poppet

   Pop"pet (?), n.

   1. See Puppet.

   2.  (Naut.)  One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to
   support a vessel in launching. Totten.

   3. (Mach.) An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only.
   Poppet head, Puppet head. See Headstock (a).

                                    Popied

   Pop"ied (?), a. [See 1st Poppy.]

   1. Mingled or interspersed with poppies. "Poppied corn." Keats.

   2.  Affected  with  poppy juice; hence, figuratively, drugged; drowsy;
   listless; inactive. [R.]

     The poppied sails doze on the yard. Lowell.

                                    Popping

   Pop"ping  (?),  a.  & n. from Pop. Popping crease. (Cricket) See under
   Crease.

                                    Popple

   Pop"ple  (?),  v. i. [Cf. Pop.] To move quickly up and down; to bob up
   and down, as a cork on rough water; also, to bubble. Cotton.

                                    Popple

   Pop"ple, n.

   1. The poplar. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

   2. Tares. [Obs.] "To sow popple among wheat." Bale.

                                     Poppy

   Pop"py  (?),  n.;  pl. Poppies (#). [OE. popy, AS. popig, L. papaver.]
   (Bot.)  Any  plant  or  species of the genus Papaver, herbs with showy
   polypetalous  flowers  and  a  milky  juice. From one species (Papaver
   somniferum)  opium  is  obtained, though all the species contain it to
   some  extent;  also,  a  flower  of the plant. See Illust. of Capsule.
   California  poppy  (Bot.),  any  yellow-flowered  plant  of  the genus
   Eschscholtzia.  --  Corn  poppy.  See  under Corn. -- Horn, OR Horned,
   poppy.  See  under  Horn.  -- Poppy bee (Zo\'94l.), a leaf-cutting bee
   (Anthocopa  papaveris) which uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the
   lining  of its cells; -- called also upholsterer bee. -- Prickly poppy
   (Bot.),  Argemone  Mexicana,  a  yellow-flowered  plant  of  the Poppy
   family, but as prickly as a thistle. -- Poppy seed, the seed the opium
   poppy  (P.  somniferum). -- Spatling poppy (Bot.), a species of Silene
   (S. inflata). See Catchfly.

                               Poppy, Poppyhead

   Pop"py  (?),  Pop"py*head`  (?),  n.  [F.  poup\'82e doll, puppet. See
   Puppet.]  (Arch.)  A  raised  ornament frequently having the form of a
   final.  It is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows
   which terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.

                                   Populace

   Pop"u*lace  (?),  n.  [F. populace, fr. It. popolaccio, popolazzo, fr.
   popolo people, L. populus. See People.] The common people; the vulgar;
   the multitude, -- comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank,
   office, education, or profession. Pope.

     To . . . calm the peers and please the populace. Daniel.

     They . . . call us Britain's barbarous populaces. Tennyson.

   Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty.

                                   Populacy

   Pop"u*la*cy (?), n. Populace. [Obs.] Feltham.

                                    Popular

   Pop"u*lar (?), a. [L. popularis, fr. populus people: cf. F. populaire.
   See People.]

   1.  Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body of the
   people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the popular voice;
   popular  elections.  "Popular  states."  Bacon.  "So  the popular vote
   inclines." Milton.

     The commonly held in popular estimation are greatest at a distance.
     J. H. Newman.

   2.  Suitable  to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse;
   familiar; plain.

     Homilies are plain popular instructions. Hooker.

   3.  Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable
   by  the  many;  hence,  cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, popular
   prices; popular amusements.

     The  smallest  figs, called popular figs, . . . are, of all others,
     the basest and of least account. Holland.

   4.  Beloved  or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general,
   or  to  many  people; as, a popular preacher; a popular law; a popular
   administration.

   5.  Devoted  to  the  common  people;  studious  of  the  favor of the
   populace. [R.]

     Such popular humanity is treason. Addison.

   6.  Prevailing  among  the  people;  epidemic;  as, a popular disease.
   [Obs.] Johnson.
   Popular  action  (Law),  an  action  in  which  any person may sue for
   penalty imposed by statute. Blackstone.

                                   Populares

   Pop`u*la"res  (?),  n.  pl.  [L.] The people or the people's party, in
   ancient Rome, as opposed to the optimates.

                                  Popularity

   Pop`u*lar"i*ty  (?),  n.;  pl.  Popularities  (#).  [L. popularitas an
   effort to please the people: cf. F. popularit\'82.]

   1.  The  quality  or  state of being popular; especially, the state of
   being  esteemed  by,  or  of being in favor with, the people at large;
   good will or favor proceeding from the people; as, the popularity of a
   law, statesman, or a book.

     A popularity which has lasted down to our time. Macaulay.

   2.  The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor,
   or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity.

     This  gallant  laboring  to  avoid popularity falls into a habit of
     affectation. B. Jonson.

   3. Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of the
   vulgar; claptrap.

     Popularities,  and  circumstances  which  .  .  . sway the ordinary
     judgment. Bacon.

   4. The act of courting the favor of the people. [Obs.] "Indicted . . .
   for popularity and ambition." Holland.

   5. Public sentiment; general passion. [R.]

     A  little  time  be allowed for the madness of popularity to cease.
     Bancroft.

                                Popularization

   Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion   (?),  n.  The  act  of  making  popular,  or  of
   introducing among the people.

                                  Popularize

   Pop"u*lar*ize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Popularized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Popularizing  (?).] [Cf. F. populariser.] To make popular; to make
   suitable  or acceptable to the common people; to make generally known;
   as,   to   popularize   philosophy.  "The  popularizing  of  religious
   teaching." Milman.

                                  Popularizer

   Pop"u*lar*i`zer (?), n. One who popularizes.

                                   Popularly

   Pop"u*lar*ly,  adv. In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored
   or  accepted  by  the  people;  commonly; currently; as, the story was
   popularity reported.

     The victor knight, Bareheaded, popularly low had bowed. Dryden.

                                  Popularness

   Pop"u*lar*ness,  n. The quality or state of being popular; popularity.
   Coleridge.

                                   Populate

   Pop"u*late  (?),  a. [L. populus people. See People.] Populous. [Obs.]
   Bacon.

                                   Populate

   Pop"u*late  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Populated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Populating.]  To  furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase
   or  by  immigration  or  colonization;  to  cause  to be inhabited; to
   people.

                                   Populate

   Pop"u*late, v. i. To propagate. [Obs.]

     Great shoals of people which go on to populate. Bacon.

                                  Population

   Pop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. populatio: cf. F. population.]

   1. The act or process of populating; multiplication of inhabitants.

   2.  The  whole  number  of  people,  or  inhabitants, in a country, or
   portion of a country; as, a population of ten millions.

                                   Populator

   Pop"u*la`tor (?), n. One who populates.

                                  Populicide

   Pop"u*li*cide`  (?),  n.  [L.  populus  people  +  caedere  to  kill.]
   Slaughter of the people. [R.]

                                    Populin

   Pop"u*lin  (?),  n.  [L.  populus  poplar: cf. F. populine.] (Chem.) A
   glycoside, related to salicin, found in the bark of certain species of
   the  poplar  (Populus),  and  extracted  as  a sweet white crystalline
   substance.
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   Page 1115

                                  Populosity

   Pop`u*los"i*ty   (?),  n.  [L.  populositas:  cf.  F.  populosit\'82.]
   Populousness.[Obs.]

                                   Populous

   Pop"u*lous   (?),  a.  [L.  populosus,  fr.  populus  people:  cf.  F.
   populeux.]

   1.   Abounding   in  people;  full  of  inhabitants;  containing  many
   inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country.

     Heaven,  yet  populous,  retains  Number  sufficient to possess her
     realms. Milton.

   2. Popular; famous. [Obs.] J. Webster.

   3. Common; vulgar. [Obs.] Arden of Feversham.

   4.  Numerous;  in  large number. [Obs.] "The dust . . . raised by your
   populous troops." Shak. -- Pop"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Pop"u*lous*ness, n.

                                   Poraille

   Po*raille"  (?),  n. [OF. pouraille. See Poor.] Poor people; the poor.
   [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Porbeagle

   Por"bea`gle  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of shark (Lamna cornubica),
   about  eight  feet  long,  having a pointed nose and a crescent-shaped
   tail; -- called also mackerel shark. [Written also probeagle.]

                                    Porcate

   Por"cate  (?),  a.  [L. porca a ridge between two furrows.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Having  grooves  or  furrows  broader  than  the  intervening  ridges;
   furrowed.

                                   Porcelain

   Por"ce*lain (?), n. (Bot.) Purslain. [Obs.]

                                   Porcelain

   Por"ce*lain  (277),  n.  [F.  porcelaine,  It.  porcellana, orig., the
   porcelain  shell,  or  Venus shell (Cypr\'91a porcellana), from a dim.
   fr. L. porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape
   to  a  pig's  back.  Porcelain  was called after this shell, either on
   account of its smoothness and whiteness, or because it was believed to
   be made from it. See Pork.] A fine translucent or semitransculent kind
   of  earthenware, made first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe
   and America; -- called also China, or China ware.

     Porcelain, by being pure, is apt to break. Dryden.

   Ivory  porcelain,  porcelain  with  a  surface like ivory, produced by
   depolishing.  See  Depolishing.  -- Porcelain clay. See under Clay. --
   Porcelain crab (Zo\'94l.), any crab of the genus Porcellana and allied
   genera   (family   Porcellanid\'91).  They  have  a  smooth,  polished
   carapace.  --  Porcelain  jasper. (Min.) See Porcelanite. -- Porcelain
   printing,  the  transferring  of  an  impression  of  an  engraving to
   porcelain. -- Porcelain shell (Zo\'94l.), a cowry.

                                 Porcelainized

   Por"ce*lain*ized  (?),  a. (Geol.) Baked like potter's lay; -- applied
   to  clay  shales  that  have  been  converted by heat into a substance
   resembling porcelain.

                          Porcelaneous, Porcellaneous

   Por`ce*la"ne*ous (?), Por`cel*la"ne*ous (?), a.

   1.   Of   or   pertaining  to  porcelain;  resembling  porcelain;  as,
   porcelaneous shells.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; -- said of
   certain Foraminifera.

                                  Porcelanite

   Por"ce*la*nite  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. porcelanite.] (Min.) A semivitrified
   clay  or  shale,  somewhat resembling jasper; -- called also porcelain
   jasper.

                           Porcelanous, Porcellanous

   Por"ce*la`nous (?), Por"cel*la`nous (?), a. Porcelaneous. Ure.

                                     Porch

   Porch  (?), n. [F. porche, L. porticus, fr. porta a gate, entrance, or
   passage. See Port a gate, and cf. Portico.]

   1.  (Arch.)  A  covered  and  inclosed entrance to a building, whether
   taken  from  the  interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the
   main  wall,  or projecting without and with a separate roof. Sometimes
   the  porch  is  large  enough  to  serve  as  a covered walk. See also
   Carriage porch, under Carriage, and Loggia.

     The graceless Helen in the porch I spied Of Vesta's temple. Dryden.

   2. A portico; a covered walk. [Obs.]

     Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall find find us. Shak.

   The Porch, a public portico, or great hall, in Athens, where Zeno, the
   philosopher, taught his disciples; hence, sometimes used as equivalent
   to  the  school  of  the Stoics. It was called "h poiki`lh stoa`. [See
   Poicile.]
   
                                    Porcine
                                       
   Por"cine  (?),  a. [L. porcinus, from porcus a swine. See Pork.] Of or
   pertaining  to  swine; characteristic of the hog. "Porcine cheeks." G.
   Eliot. 

                                   Porcupine

   Por"cu*pine  (?),  n.  [OE.  porkepyn,  porpentine,  OF. porc-espi, F.
   porc-\'82pic  (cf.  It. porco spino, porco spinoso, Sp. puerco espino,
   puerco espin, fr. L. porcus swine + spina thorn, spine). The last part
   of the French word is perhaps a corruption from the It. or Sp.; cf. F.
   \'82pi  ear, a spike of grain, L. spica. See Pork, Spike a large nail,
   Spine.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  Old  Word rodent of the genus Hystrix, having the
   back  covered with long, sharp, erectile spines or quills, sometimes a
   foot long. The common species of Europe and Asia (Hystrix cristata) is
   the best known.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any species of Erethizon and related genera, native of
   America.  They  are  related  to the true porcupines, but have shorter
   spines,  and  are  arboreal  in  their  habits.  The  Canada porcupine
   (Erethizon dorsatus) is a well known species.
   Porcupine   ant-eater  (Zo\'94l.),  the  echidna.  --  Porcupine  crab
   (Zo\'94l.),  a large spiny Japanese crab (Acantholithodes hystrix). --
   Porcupine   disease   (Med.).   See   Ichthyosis.  --  Porcupine  fish
   (Zo\'94l.),  any  plectognath fish having the body covered with spines
   which  become  erect  when  the  body  is  inflated.  See  Diodon, and
   Globefish.  --  Porcupine  grass  (Bot.), a grass (Stipa spartea) with
   grains  bearing  a  stout twisted awn, which, by coiling and uncoiling
   through  changes in moisture, propels the sharp-pointed and barbellate
   grain  into  the  wool  and  flesh of sheep. It is found from Illinois
   westward.  See Illustration in Appendix. -- Porcupine wood (Bot.), the
   hard  outer  wood  of  the  cocoa palm; -- so called because, when cut
   horizontally,  the  markings  of  the  wood  resemble  the quills of a
   porcupine.

                                     Pore

   Pore (?), n. [F., fr. L. porus, Gr. Fare, v.]

   1.  One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for
   transpiration, absorption, etc.

   2.   A  minute  opening  or  passageway;  an  interstice  between  the
   constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of stones.

                                     Pore

   Pore,  v.  i.  [imp.  & p. p. Pored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poring.] [OE.
   poren,  of  uncertain  origin;  cf.  D.  porren to poke, thrust, Gael.
   purr.]  To  look  or  gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the
   attention;  to  be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually
   with over."Painfully to pore upon a book." Shak.

     The  eye  grows  weary  with  poring perpetually on the same thing.
     Dryden.

                                   Poreblind

   Pore"blind`  (?),  a.  [Probably influenced by pore, v. See Purblind.]
   Nearsighted; shortsighted; purblind. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                     Porer

   Por"er (?), n. One who pores.

                                     Porgy

   Por"gy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Porgies  (#). [See Paugie.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
   scup.  (b)  The sailor's choice, or pinfish. (c) The margate fish. (d)
   The spadefish. (e) Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf
   fishes,  of  the  Pacific  coast.  The  name  is also given locally to
   several  other  fishes, as the bur fish. [Written also porgee, porgie,
   and paugy.]

                                   Porifera

   Po*rif"e*ra  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr. L. porus pore + ferre to bear.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A  grand  division  of  the  Invertebrata,  including  the
   sponges;  --  called  also  Spongi\'91,  Spongida, and Spongiozoa. The
   principal  divisions are Calcispongi\'91, Keratosa or Fibrospongi\'91,
   and Silicea.

                                   Poriferan

   Po*rif"er*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Polifera.

                                  Poriferata

   Po*rif`e*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] The Polifera.

                                   Poriform

   Po"ri*form  (?),  a.  [L.  porus  pore  +  -form:  cf.  F. poriforme.]
   Resembling a pore, or small puncture.

                                    Porime

   Po"rime  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Math.)  A  theorem or proposition so easy of
   demonstration as to be almost self-evident. [R.] Crabb.

                                   Poriness

   Por"i*ness (?), n. Porosity. Wiseman.

                                    Porism

   Po"rism (?), n. [Gr. porisme.]

   1.  (Geom.)  A  proposition  affirming the possibility of finding such
   conditions  as will render a certain determinate problem indeterminate
   or capable of innumerable solutions. Playfair.

   2. (Gr. Geom.) A corollary. Brande & C.

     NOTE: &hand; Th ree bo oks of porisms of Euclid have been lost, but
     several  attempts to determine the nature of these propositions and
     to restore them have been made by modern geometers.

                           Porismatic, Porismatical

   Po`ris*mat"ic  (?),  Po`ris*mat"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to a
   porism; poristic.

                             Poristic, Poristical

   Po*ris"tic  (?),  Po*ris"tic*al  (?),  a.[Gr.  Of  or  pertaining to a
   porism; of the nature of a porism.

                                    Porite

   Po"rite  (?), n. [Cf. F. porite. See Pore, n.] (Zo\'94l.) Any coral of
   the genus Porites, or family Poritid\'91.

                                    Porites

   Po*ri"tes  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.) An important genus of
   reef-building  corals  having  small twelve-rayed calicles, and a very
   porous  coral. Some species are branched, others grow in large massive
   or globular forms.

                                     Pork

   Pork  (?),  n.  [F.  porc,  L. porcus hog, pig. See Farrow a litter of
   pigs,  and  cf.  Porcelain,  Porpoise.]  The  flesh of swine, fresh or
   salted, used for food.

                                    Porker

   Pork"er (?), n. A hog. Pope.

                                    Porket

   Pork"et  (?), n. [Dim. of F. porc. See Pork.] A young hog; a pig. [R.]
   Dryden. W. Howitt.

                                   Porkling

   Pork"ling (?), n. A pig; a porket. Tusser.

                                   Porkwood

   Pork"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The coarse-grained brownish yellow wood of a
   small  tree  (Pisonia  obtusata)  of Florida and the West Indies. Also
   called pigeon wood, beefwood, and corkwood.

                                  Pornerastic

   Por`ne*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. Lascivious; licentious. [R.] F. Harrison.

                                 Pornographic

   Por`no*graph"ic  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to pornography; lascivious;
   licentious; as, pornographic writing.

                                  Pornography

   Por*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.]

   1.   Licentious  painting  or  literature;  especially,  the  painting
   anciently   employed  to  decorate  the  walls  of  rooms  devoted  to
   bacchanalian orgies.

   2. (Med.) A treatise on prostitutes, or prostitution.

                                   Porosity

   Po*ros"i*ty  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  porosit\'82.] The quality or state of
   being porous; -- opposed to density.

                                    Porotic

   Po*rot"ic  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Med.)  A  medicine supposed to promote the
   formation of callus.

                                    Porous

   Por"ous  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. poreux. See Pore, n.] Full of pores; having
   interstices  in  the  skin  or  in  the  substance of the body; having
   spiracles  or  passages for fluids; permeable by liquids; as, a porous
   skin; porous wood. "The veins of porous earth." Milton.

                                   Porously

   Por"ous*ly, adv. In a porous manner.

                                  Porousness

   Por"ous*ness, n.

   1. The quality of being porous.

   2. The open parts; the interstices of anything. [R.]

     They will forcibly get into the porousness of it. Sir K. Digby.

                                  Porpentine

   Por"pen*tine (?), n. Porcupine. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Porpesse

   Por"pesse (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.]

                                 Porphyraceous

   Por`phy*ra"ceous (?), a. Porphyritic.

                                   Porphyre

   Por"phyre (?), n. Porphyry. [Obs.] Locke.

                                  Porphyrite

   Por"phy*rite  (?),  n. (Min.) A rock with a porphyritic structure; as,
   augite porphyrite.

                                  Porphyritic

   Por`phy*rit"ic  (?), a. [Cf. F. porphyritique.] (Min.) Relating to, or
   resembling,  porphyry,  that  is,  characterized  by  the  presence of
   distinct  crystals, as of feldspar, quartz, or augite, in a relatively
   fine-grained base, often aphanitic or cryptocrystalline.

                                Porphyrization

   Por`phy*ri*za"tion  (?),  n.  The act of porphyrizing, or the state of
   being porphyrized.

                                  Porphyrize

   Por`phy*rize  (?), v. t. [Cf. F. porphyriser, Gr. To cause to resemble
   porphyry; to make spotted in composition, like porphyry.

                               Porphyrogenitism

   Por`phy*ro*gen"i*tism  (?),  n.  [LL.  porphyro  genitus,  fr. Gr. The
   principle  of  succession  in  royal  families,  especially  among the
   Eastern  Roman  emperors,  by  which  a younger son, if born after the
   accession  of  his father to the throne, was preferred to an elder son
   who was not so born. Sir T. Palgrave.

                                   Porphyry

   Por"phy*ry  (?), n.; pl. Porphyries (#). [F. porphyre, L. porphyrites,
   fr.  Gr.  Purple.] (Geol.) A term used somewhat loosely to designate a
   rock  consisting  of a fine-grained base (usually feldspathic) through
   which  crystals, as of feldspar or quartz, are disseminated. There are
   red,  purple,  and  green  varieties,  which  are  highly  esteemed as
   marbles.  Porphyry shell (Zo\'94l.), a handsome marine gastropod shell
   (Oliva porphyria), having a dark red or brown polished surface, marked
   with light spots, like porphyry.

                                    Porpita

   Por"pi*ta  (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of bright-colored
   Siphonophora  found  floating  in  the  warmer parts of the ocean. The
   individuals  are  round  and  disk-shaped,  with  a large zooid in the
   center  of  the  under  side,  surrounded  by  smaller  nutritive  and
   reproductive zooids, and by slender dactylozooids near the margin. The
   disk contains a central float, or pneumatocyst.

                                   Porpoise

   Por"poise (?), n. [OE. porpeys, OF. porpeis, literally, hog fish, from
   L. porcus swine + piscis fish. See Pork, and Fish.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any small cetacean of the genus Phoc\'91na, especially
   P.  communis,  or  P.  phoc\'91na,  of  Europe, and the closely allied
   American species (P. Americana). The color is dusky or blackish above,
   paler  beneath.  They  are  closely allied to the dolphins, but have a
   shorter  snout. Called also harbor porpoise, herring hag, puffing pig,
   and snuffer.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  true  dolphin  (Delphinus);  --  often so called by
   sailors.
   Skunk  porpoise, OR Bay porpoise (Zo\'94l.), a North American porpoise
   (Lagenorhynchus  acutus),  larger  than  the  common species, and with
   broad  stripes  of  white and yellow on the sides. See Illustration in
   Appendix.
   
                                   Porporino
                                       
   Por`po*ri"no  (?),  n.  [It.]  A  composition of quicksilver, tin, and
   sulphur,  forming  a  yellow  powder,  sometimes  used  by medi\'91val
   artists, for the sake of economy, instead of gold. Fairholt. 

                                    Porpus

   Por"pus (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.] Swift.

                                  Porraceous

   Por*ra"ceous  (?),  a.  [L.  porraceus,  from porrum, porrus, a leek.]
   Resembling  the  leek  in color; greenish. [R.] "Porraceous vomiting."
   Wiseman.

                                    Porrect

   Por*rect"  (?),  a.  [L.  porrectus, p. p. of porrigere to stretch out
   before  one's  self,  to  but forth.] Extended horizontally; stretched
   out.

                                  Porrection

   Por*rec"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  porrectio: cf. F. porrection.] The act of
   stretching forth.

                                    Porret

   Por"ret  (?),  n.  [F.  porrette,  fr.  L.  porrum,  porrus, leek. See
   Porraceous.] A scallion; a leek or small onion. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                   Porridge

   Por"ridge (?), n. [Probably corrupted fr. pottage; perh. influenced by
   OE.  porree  a  kind of pottage, OF. porr\'82e, fr. L. porrum, porrus,
   leek.  See  Pottage,  and  cf. Porringer.] A food made by boiling some
   leguminous or farinaceous substance, or the meal of it, in water or in
   milk,  making  of  broth  or  thin  pudding; as, barley porridge, milk
   porridge, bean porridge, etc.

                                   Porringer

   Por"rin*ger  (?),  n.  [OE.  pottanger, for pottager; cf. F. potager a
   soup  basin.  See Porridge.] A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from
   which children eat or are fed; as, a silver porringer. Wordsworth.

                                     Port

   Port  (?),  n.  [From Oporto, in Portugal, i. e., the port, L. portus.
   See  Port  harbor.]  A  dark  red  or  purple  astringent wine made in
   Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol.

                                     Port

   Port,  n.  [AS.  port, L. portus: cf. F. port. See Farm, v., Ford, and
   1st, 3d, & 4h Port.]

   1. A place where ships may ride secure from storms; a sheltered inlet,
   bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also figuratively.
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   Page 1116

     Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads. Shak.

     We are in port if we have Thee. Keble.

   2. In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to
   discharge  and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they
   finish their voyages.
   Free  port. See under Free. -- Port bar. (Naut,) (a) A boom. See Boom,
   4, also Bar, 3. (b) A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port.
   -- Port charges (Com.), charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or
   its cargo is subjected in a harbor. -- Port of entry, a harbor where a
   customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise. -- Port
   toll  (Law),  a  payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into
   port.  --  Port  warden,  the  officer  in  charge of a port; a harbor
   master.

                                     Port

   Port  (?),  n. [F. porte, L. porta, akin to portus; cf. AS. porte, fr.
   L. porta. See Port a harbor, and cf. Porte.]

   1.  A passageway; an opening or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate;
   a door; a portal. [Archaic]

     Him I accuse The city ports by this hath entered. Shak.

     Form their ivory port the cherubim Forth issuing. Milton.

   2.  (Naut.)  An  opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through
   which  cannon  may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which
   close such an opening.

     Her ports being within sixteen inches of the water. Sir W. Raleigh.

   3. (Mach.) A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam,
   water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder
   of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face.
   Air  port,  Bridle  port, etc. See under Air, Bridle, etc. -- Port bar
   (Naut.),  a  bar  to secure the ports of a ship in a gale. -- Port lid
   (Naut.),  a  lid  or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel. --
   Steam port, AND Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the ports of the cylinder
   communicating  with  the  valve or valves, for the entrance or exit of
   the steam, respectively.

                                     Port

   Port,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Ported; p. pr. & vb. n. Porting.] [F.
   porter, L. portare to carry. See Port demeanor.]

   1. To carry; to bear; to transport. [Obs.]

     They are easily ported by boat into other shires. Fuller.

   2.  (Mil.) To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the
   lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the
   barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; as,
   to port arms.

     Began to hem him round with ported spears. Milton.

   Port arms, a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.

                                     Port

   Port,  n.  [F. port, fr. porter to carry, L. portare, prob. akin to E.
   fare,  v. See Port harbor, and cf. Comport, Export, Sport.] The manner
   in  which  a  person  bears  himself;  deportment;  carriage; bearing;
   demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a proud port. Spenser.

     And of his port as meek as is a maid. Chaucer.

     The  necessities  of  pomp,  grandeur,  and  a suitable port in the
     world. South.

                                     Port

   Port, n. [Etymology uncertain.] (Naut.) The larboard or left side of a
   ship  (looking  from  the stern toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to
   port. See Note under Larboard. Also used adjectively.

                                     Port

   Port,  v.  t. (Naut.) To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a
   ship;  --  said  of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a
   command; as, port your helm.

                                     Porta

   Por"ta  (?),  n.;  pl.  Port\'91  (#).  [L., a gate. See Port a hole.]
   (Anat.) (a) The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and
   nerves enter; the hilus. (b) The foramen of Monro. B. G. Wilder.

                                  Portability

   Port`a*bil"i*ty  (?),  n.  The  quality  or  state  of being portable;
   fitness to be carried.

                                   Portable

   Port"a*ble  (?),  a.  [L.  portabilis,  fr.  portare  to carry: cf. F.
   portable. See Port demeanor.]

   1.  Capable  of  being  borne or carried; easily transported; conveyed
   without difficulty; as, a portable bed, desk, engine. South.

   2. Possible to be endured; supportable. [Obs.]

     How light and portable my pain seems now! Shak.

   Portable  forge.  See under Forge. -- Portable steam engine. See under
   Steam engine.

                                 Portableness

   Port"a*ble*ness,   n.   The   quality  or  state  of  being  portable;
   portability.

                                    Portace

   Por"tace (?; 48), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

                                    Portage

   Port"age (?; 48), n. [From 2d Port.] (Naut.) (a) A sailor's wages when
   in port. (b) The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage.

                                    Portage

   Port"age, n. [3d Port.] A porthole. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Portage

   Por"tage (?), n. [F., from porter to carry. See Port to carry.]

   1. The act of carrying or transporting.

   2. The price of carriage; porterage. Bp. Fell.

   3. Capacity for carrying; tonnage. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

   4. A carry between navigable waters. See 3d Carry.

                                    Portage

   Por"tage  (?),  v.  t.  &  i.  To  carry (goods, boats, etc.) overland
   between navigable waters.

                                 Portage group

   Por"tage  group`  (?).  [So called from the township of Portage in New
   York.]  (Geol.)  A  subdivision  of  the  Chemung  period  in American
   geology. See Chart of Geology.

                                   Portague

   Por"ta*gue  (?),  n. [See Portuguese.] A Portuguese gold coin formerly
   current,  and  variously estimated to be worth from three and one half
   to  four  and  one half pounds sterling. [Obs.] [Written also portegue
   and portigue.]

     Ten thousand portagues, besides great pearls. Marlowe.

                                    Portal

   Por"tal  (?),  n. [OF. portal, F. portail, LL. portale, fr. L. porta a
   gate. See Port a gate.]

   1.  A  door  or gate; hence, a way of entrance or exit, especially one
   that is grand and imposing.

     Thick with sparkling orient gems The portal shone. Milton.

     From out the fiery portal of the east. Shak.

   2.  (Arch.)  (a)  The  lesser  gate,  where there are two of different
   dimensions.  (b)  Formerly,  a small square corner in a room separated
   from the rest of the apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage
   to  another apartment. (c) By analogy with the French portail, used by
   recent writers for the whole architectural composition which surrounds
   and includes the doorways and porches of a church.

   3.  (Bridge  Building) The space, at one end, between opposite trusses
   when these are terminated by inclined braces.

   4. A prayer book or breviary; a portass. [Obs.]
   Portal  bracing  (Bridge  Building),  a combination of struts and ties
   which  lie in the plane of the inclined braces at a portal, serving to
   transfer  wind  pressure  from  the  upper  parts of the trusses to an
   abutment or pier of the bridge.

                                    Portal

   Por"tal  (?),  a.  (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a porta, especially the
   porta of the liver; as, the portal vein, which enters the liver at the
   porta, and divides into capillaries after the manner of an artery.

     NOTE: &hand; Po rtal is  applied to other veins which break up into
     capillaries; as, the renal portal veins in the frog.

                                  Portamento

   Por`ta*men"to  (?), n. [It., fr. portare to carry.] (Mus.) In singing,
   or  in  the use of the bow, a gradual carrying or lifting of the voice
   or  sound  very smoothly from one note to another; a gliding from tone
   to tone.

                                   Portance

   Por"tance (?), n. See Port, carriage, demeanor. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

                                    Portass

   Por"tass (?), n. [OF. porte-hors a kind of prayer book, so called from
   being  portable;  cf.  LL.  portiforium.]  A  breviary; a prayer book.
   [Written  variously  portace,  portasse,  portesse, portise, porthose,
   portos, portus, portuse, etc.] [Obs.] Spenser. Camden.

     By God and by this porthors I you swear. Chaucer.

                                    Portate

   Por"tate  (?),  a.  [L.  portatus,  p. p. of portare to carry.] (Her.)
   Borne  not  erect,  but  diagonally athwart an escutcheon; as, a cross
   portate.

                                   Portative

   Por"ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. portatif.]

   1. Portable. [Obs.]

   2.  (Physics)  Capable  of  holding  up or carrying; as, the portative
   force of a magnet, of atmospheric pressure, or of capillarity.

                                   Portcluse

   Port"cluse (?), n. A portcullis. [Obs.]

                                  Portcrayon

   Port`cray"on  (?),  n.  [F.  porte-crayon;  porter to carry + crayon a
   crayon.] A metallic handle with a clasp for holding a crayon.

                                  Portcullis

   Port*cul"lis  (?), n. [OF. porte coulisse, cole\'8bce, a sliding door,
   fr.  L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain: cf. F. couler to glide.
   See Port a gate, and cf. Cullis, Colander.]

   1.  (Fort.)  A  grating  of iron or of timbers pointed with iron, hung
   over the gateway of a fortress, to be let down to prevent the entrance
   of an enemy. "Let the portcullis fall." Sir W. Scott.

     She . . . the huge portcullis high updrew. Milton.

   2.  An  English  coin of the reign of Elizabeth, struck for the use of
   the  East India Company; -- so called from its bearing the figure of a
   portcullis on the reverse.

                                  Portcullis

   Port*cul"lis,  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Portcullised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Portcullising.]  To  obstruct with, or as with, a portcullis; to shut;
   to bar. [R.] Shak.

                                     Porte

   Porte  (?),  n.  [F.  porte  a  gate,  L. porta. See Port a gate.] The
   Ottoman court; the government of the Turkish empire, officially called
   the  Sublime  Porte,  from  the  gate (port) of the sultan's palace at
   which justice was administered.

                               Porte-coch\'8are

   Porte"-co`ch\'8are" (?), n. [F. See Port a gate, and Coach.] (Arch.) A
   large  doorway  allowing vehicles to drive into or through a building.
   It  is  common  to have the entrance door open upon the passage of the
   porte-coch\'8are.  Also,  a  porch  over a driveway before an entrance
   door.

                                    Ported

   Port"ed (?), a. Having gates. [Obs.]

     We took the sevenfold-ported Thebes. Chapman.

                                   Portegue

   Por"te*gue (?), n. See Portague. [Obs.]

                                 Portemonnaie

   Porte"mon*naie`  (?),  n. [F., fr. porter to carry + monnaie money.] A
   small pocketbook or wallet for carrying money.

                                   Por-tend

   Por-tend"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Portended;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Portending.]  [L.  portendre,  portentum,  to foretell, to predict, to
   impend,  from  an  old preposition used in comp. + tendere to stretch.
   See Position, Tend.]

   1.  To indicate (events, misfortunes, etc.) as in future; to foreshow;
   to foretoken; to bode; -- now used esp. of unpropitious signs. Bacon.

     Many signs portended a dark and stormy day. Macaulay.

   2.  To  stretch  out before. [R.] "Doomed to feel the great Idomeneus'
   portended  steel."  Pope.  Syn.  --  To  foreshow; foretoken; betoken;
   forebode; augur; presage; foreshadow; threaten.

                                  Portension

   Por*ten"sion  (?),  n. The act of foreshowing; foreboding. [R.] Sir T.
   Browne.

                                    Portent

   Por*tent"  (?;  277),  n.  [L.  portentum.  See  Portend.]  That which
   portends,  or  foretoken;  esp.,  that  which portends evil; a sign of
   coming calamity; an omen; a sign. Shak.

     My loss by dire portents the god foretold. Dryden.

                                  Portentive

   Por*tent"ive (?), a. Presaging; foreshadowing.

                                  Portentous

   Por*tent"ous (?), a. [L. portentosus.]

   1.  Of  the  nature of a portent; containing portents; foreschadowing,
   esp. foreschadowing ill; ominous.

     For, I believe, they are portentous things. Shak.

     Victories of strange and almost portentous splendor. Macaulay.

   2.  Hence:  Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; dreadful; as, a beast of
   portentous    size.    Roscommon.    --   Por*tent"ous*ly,   adv.   --
   Por*tent"ous*ness, n.

                                    Porter

   Por"ter  (?),  n.  [F. portier, L. portarius, from porta a gate, door.
   See  Port  a  gate.]  A  man  who  has  charge  of  a  door or gate; a
   doorkeeper; one who waits at the door to receive messages. Shak.

     To him the porter openeth. John x. 3.

                                    Porter

   Por"ter,  n. [F. porteur, fr. porter to carry, L. portare. See Port to
   carry.]

   1.  A  carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage, etc.; for
   hire.

   2.  (Forging)  A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is
   made;  esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is
   attached,  and  by means of which the forging is lifted and handled is
   hammering and heating; -- called also porter bar.

   3.  A  malt  liquor,  of  a  dark  color  and moderately bitter taste,
   possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities.

     NOTE: &hand; Po rter is  sa id to be so called as having been first
     used  chiefly  by  the  London porters, and this application of the
     word is supposed to be not older than 1750.

                                   Porterage

   Por"ter*age (?), n.

   1.  The  work  of  a  porter;  the  occupation  of  a  carrier or of a
   doorkeeper.

   2.  Money  charged or paid for the carriage of burdens or parcels by a
   porter.

                                   Porteress

   Por"ter*ess, n. See Portress.

                                  Porterhouse

   Por"ter*house,  n.  A house where porter is sold. Porterhouse steak, a
   steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the upper and under part.

                                   Portesse

   Por"tesse (?), n. See Porteass. [Obs.] Tyndale.

                                   Portfire

   Port"fire` (?), n. A case of strong paper filled with a composition of
   niter,  sulphur,  and mealed powder, -- used principally to ignite the
   priming in proving guns, and as an incendiary material in shells.

                                   Portfolio

   Port*fol"io  (?),  n.  [F.  portefeuille;  porter to carry + feuille a
   leaf. See Port to carry, and Folio.]

   1. A portable case for holding loose papers, prints, drawings, etc.

   2. Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of
   the  cabinet;  as,  to  receive  the  portfolio  of war; to resign the
   portfolio.

                                   Portglave

   Port"glave  (?),  n.  [F.  porte-glaive;  porter  to  carry + glaive a
   sword.] A sword bearer. [Obs.]

                             Portgreve, Portgrave

   Port"greve`  (?),  Port"grave` (?),[AS. portger\'c7fa; port a harbor +
   ger\'c7fa a reeve or sheriff. See Reeve a steward, and cf. Portreeve.]
   In  old English law, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime town.;
   a portreeve. [Obs.] Fabyan.

                                   Porthole

   Port"hole` (?), n. (Naut.) An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d Port.

                                   Porthook

   Port"hook`  (?),  n.  (Naut.)  One of the iron hooks to which the port
   hinges are attached. J. Knowles.

                                   Porthors

   Port"hors` (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Portico

   Por"ti*co,  n.;  pl. Porticoes (#) or Porticos. [It., L. porticus. See
   Porch.]  (Arch.)  A  colonnade  or  covered  ambulatory, especially in
   classical styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance
   of a building.

                                   Porticoed

   Por"ti*coed (?), a. Furnished with a portico.

                                  Porti\'8are

   Por`ti\'8are""  (?), n. [F., fr. porte gate, door. See Port a gate.] A
   curtain hanging across a doorway.

                                   Portigue

   Por"ti*gue (?), n. See Portague. Beau. & Fl.

                                   Portingal

   Por"tin*gal  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to Portugal; Portuguese. [Obs.]
   -- n. A Portuguese. [Obs.]

                                    Portion

   Por"tion  (?),  n.  [F., from L. portio, akin to pars, partis, a part.
   See Part, n.]

   1.  That  which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a
   separated part of anything.

   2.  A  part  considered  by  itself,  though  not  actually cut off or
   separated from the whole.

     These  are  parts of his ways; but how little a portion is heard of
     him! Job xxvi. 14.

     Portions and parcels of the dreadful past. Tennyson.

   3. A part assigned; allotment; share; fate.

     The  lord  of  that servant . . . will appoint him his portion with
     the unbelievers. Luke xii. 46.

     Man's portion is to die and rise again. Keble.

   4.  The  part  of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to
   him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate; an
   inheritance.

     Give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. Luke xv. 12.

   5.  A  wife's fortune; a dowry. Shak. Syn. -- Division; share; parcel;
   quantity;  allotment;  dividend.  --  Portion,  Part. Part is generic,
   having  a  simple  reference to some whole. Portion has the additional
   idea  of  such  a  division as bears reference to an individual, or is
   allotted  to  some  object;  as, a portion of one's time; a portion of
   Scripture.

                                    Portion

   Por"tion,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Portioned  (?);  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Portioning.]

   1.  To  separate  or  divide  into  portions  or shares; to parcel; to
   distribute.

     And portion to his tribes the wide domain. Pope.

   2. To endow with a portion or inheritance.

     Him portioned maids, apprenticed orphans, blest. Pope.
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   Page 1117

                                   Portioner

   Por"tion*er (?), n.

   1. One who portions.

   2. (Eccl.) See Portionist, 2.

                                  Portionist

   Por"tion*ist (?), n.

   1.  A  scholar at Merton College, Oxford, who has a certain academical
   allowance or portion; -- corrupted into postmaster. Shipley.

   2.  (Eccl.)  One of the incumbents of a benefice which has two or more
   rectors or vicars.

                                  Portionless

   Por"tion*less, a. Having no portion.

                                    Portise

   Por"tise (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

                                Portland cement

   Port"land  ce*ment"  (?).  A  cement  having the color of the Portland
   stone of England, made by calcining an artificial mixture of carbonate
   of  lime  and  clay, or sometimes certain natural limestones or chalky
   clays.  It  contains  a  large  proportion  of clay, and hardens under
   water.

                                Portland stone

   Port"land  stone" (?). A yellowish-white calcareous freestone from the
   Isle of Portland in England, much used in building.

                                 Portland vase

   Port"land  vase`  (?).  A celebrated cinerary urn or vase found in the
   tomb  of  the  Emperor  Alexander  Severus. It is owned by the Duke of
   Portland, and kept in the British Museum.

                                   Portlast

   Port"last (?), n. (Naut.) The portoise. See Portoise.

                                  Portliness

   Port"li*ness (?), n.

   1.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  portly;  dignity of mien or of
   personal appearance; stateliness.

     Such pride is praise; such portliness is honor. Spenser.

   2. Bulkiness; corpulence.

                                    Portly

   Port"ly, a. [From Port demeanor.]

   1. Having a dignified port or mien; of a noble appearance; imposing.

   2. Bulky; corpulent. "A portly personage." Dickens.

                                    Portman

   Port"man  (?),  n.; pl. Portmen (. An inhabitant or burgess of a port,
   esp. of one of the Cinque Ports.

                                  Portmanteau

   Port*man"teau (?), n.; pl. Portmanteaus (#). [F. porte-manteau; porter
   to  carry + manteau a cloak, mantle. See Port to carry, and Mantle.] A
   bag  or  case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc.,
   on journeys. Thackeray.

                                  Portmantle

   Port*man"tle (?), n. A portmanteau. [Obs.]

                                   Portmote

   Port"mote`  (?),  n.  In  old English law, a court, or mote, held in a
   port town. [Obs.] Blackstone.

                                    Portoir

   Por"toir  (?),  n.  [OF., fr. porter to bear.] One who, or that which,
   bears; hence, one who, or that which, produces. [Obs.]

     Branches . . . which were portoirs, and bare grapes. Holland.

                                   Portoise

   Por"toise  (?),  n.  [Perhaps  fr.  OF.  porteis portative, portable.]
   (Naut.) The gunwale of a ship. To lower the yards a-portoise, to lower
   them to the gunwale. -- To ride a portoise, to ride an anchor with the
   lower yards and topmasts struck or lowered, as in a gale of wind.

                                    Portos

   Por"tos (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

                                   Portpane

   Port"pane  (?),  n.  [From  L.  portare  to carry + panis bread; prob.
   through  French.]  A  cloth  for carrying bread, so as not to touch it
   with the hands. [Obs.]

                                   Portrait

   Por"trait  (?),  n. [F., originally p. p. of portraire to portray. See
   Portray.]

   1.  The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; commonly, a
   representation of the human face painted from real life.

     In  portraits,  the  grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists
     more  in  the  general  air  than  in the exact similitude of every
     feature. Sir J. Reynolds.

     NOTE: &hand; The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to
     include a photographic likeness.

   2. Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a person;
   as, a portrait in words.
   Portrait  bust,  OR Portrait statue, a bust or statue representing the
   actual  features or person of an individual; -- in distinction from an
   ideal bust or statue.
   
                                   Portrait
                                       
   Por"trait, v. t. To portray; to draw. [Obs.] Spenser.
   
                                  Portraitist
                                       
   Por"trait*ist, n. A portrait painter. [R.] Hamerton.
   
                                  Portraiture
                                       
   Por"trai*ture (?; 135), n. [F. portraiture.] 

   1. A portrait; a likeness; a painted resemblance; hence, that which is
   copied from some example or model.

     For, by the image of my cause, I see The portraiture of his. Shak.

     Divinity  maketh the love of ourselves the pattern; the love of our
     neighbors but the portraiture. Bacon.

   2. Pictures, collectively; painting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

   3. The art or practice of making portraits. Walpole.

                                  Portraiture

   Por"trai*ture,  v. t. To represent by a portrait, or as by a portrait;
   to portray. [R.] Shaftesbury.

                                    Portray

   Por*tray"  (?), v. t. [Written also pourtray.] [imp. & p. p. portrayed
   (;  p.  pr.  &  vb.  n.  Portraying.]  [OE. pourtraien, OF. portraire,
   pourtraire,  F.  portraire,  fr. L. protrahere, protractum, to draw or
   drag  forth;  pro  forward, forth + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t.,
   and cf. Protract.]

   1.  To  paint  or  draw  the  likeness  of;  as,  to portray a king on
   horseback.

     Take  a tile, and lay it before thee, and portray upon it the city,
     even Jerusalem. Ezek. iv. 1.

   2. Hence, figuratively, to describe in words.

   3. To adorn with pictures. [R.]

     Spear  and  helmets  thronged,  and  shields  Various with boastful
     arguments potrayed. Milton.

                                   Portrayal

   Por*tray"al  (?),  n.  The  act or process of portraying; description;
   delineation.

                                   Portrayer

   Por*tray"er (?), n. One who portrays. Chaucer.

                                   Portreeve

   Port"reeve` (?), n. A port warden.

                                   Portress

   Por"tress (?), n. A female porter. Milton.

                                 Port-royalist

   Port-roy"al*ist  (?),  n.  (Eccl.  Hist.)  One  of the dwellers in the
   Cistercian  convent  of Port Royal des Champs, near Paris, when it was
   the  home  of  the  Jansenists  in  the 17th century, among them being
   Arnauld, Pascal, and other famous scholars. Cf. Jansenist.

                                   Portsale

   Port"sale`  (?),  n. [Port gate + sale.] Public or open sale; auction.
   [Obs.] Holland.

                                   Portuary

   Por"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [Cf. Portass.] (R. C. Ch.) A breviary. [Eng.]

                                  Portuguese

   Por"tu*guese (?), a. [Cf. F. portugais, Sp. portugues, Pg. portuguez.]
   Of  or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A
   native  or  inhabitant  of  Portugal;  people  of Portugal. Portuguese
   man-of-war. (Zo\'94l.) See Physalia.

                                   Portulaca

   Por`tu*la"ca  (?),  n.  [L., purslane.] (Bot.) A genus of polypetalous
   plants; also, any plant of the genus.

     NOTE: &hand; Po  rtulaca ol  eracea is  th e co mmon pu rslane. P. 
     grandiflora  is  a  South  American herb, widely cultivated for its
     showy crimson, scarlet, yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms.

                                Portulacaceous

   Por`tu*la*ca"ceous  (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
   of plants (Portulacace\'91), of which Portulaca is the type, and which
   includes also the spring beauty (Claytonia) and other genera.

                                   Porwigle

   Por"wi`gle (?), n. See Polliwig.

                                     Pory

   Por"y (?), a. Porous; as, pory stone. [R.] Dryden.

                                    Pos\'82

   Po`s\'82" (?), a. [F., placed, posed.] (Her.) Standing still, with all
   the  feet  on the ground; -- said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or
   other beast.

                                     Pose

   Pose  (?),  n.  [AS.  gepose; of uncertain origin; cf. W. pas a cough,
   Skr.  k\'bes  to  cough,  and E. wheeze.] A cold in the head; catarrh.
   [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pose

   Pose  (?),  n.  [F.  pose, fr. poser. See Pose, v. t.] The attitude or
   position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the
   body;  especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect;
   an  artificial  position;  as,  the  pose  of an actor; the pose of an
   artist's model or of a statue.

                                     Pose

   Pose,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Posed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Posing.] [F.
   poser  to  place,  to put, L. pausare to pause, in LL. also, to place,
   put,  fr.  L.  pausa a pause, Gr. few. In compounds, this word appears
   corresponding  to  L. ponere to put, place, the substitution in French
   having  been  probably  due  to confusion of this word with L. positio
   position, fr. ponere. See Few, and cf. Appose, Dispose, Oppose, Pause,
   Repose,  Position.] To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the
   sake  of effect; to arrange the posture and drapery of (a person) in a
   studied  manner;  as,  to pose a model for a picture; to pose a sitter
   for a portrait.

                                     Pose

   Pose,  v.  i.  To assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied
   arrangement  of  drapery;  to  strike  an  attitude;  to attitudinize;
   figuratively,  to  assume or affect a certain character; as, she poses
   as a prude.

     He . . . posed before her as a hero. Thackeray.

                                     Pose

   Pose,  v.  t.  [Shortened  from  appose,  for  oppose.  See 2d Appose,
   Oppose.]

   1. To interrogate; to question. [Obs.] "She . . . posed him and sifted
   him." Bacon.

   2. To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or
   scrutiny; to bring to a stand.

     A  question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose and puzzle
     him. Barrow.

                                     Posed

   Posed  (?),  a. Firm; determined; fixed. "A most posed . . . and grave
   behavior." [Obs.] Urquhart.

                                     Poser

   Pos"er  (?),  n.  One  who,  or  that  which,  puzzles; a difficult or
   inexplicable question or fact. Bacon.

                                    Posied

   Po"sied (?), a. Inscribed with a posy.

     In poised lockets bribe the fair. Gay.

                                   Posingly

   Pos"ing*ly (?), adv. So as to pose or puzzle.

                                     Posit

   Pos"it  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Posited; p. pr. & vb. n. Positing.]
   [L. ponere, positum, to place. See Position.]

   1.  To  dispose  or  set  firmly  or  fixedly;  to place or dispose in
   relation to other objects. Sir M. Hale.

   2.  (Logic)  To  assume as real or conceded; as, to posit a principle.
   Sir W. Hamilton.

                                   Position

   Po*si"tion  (?),  n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to
   put,  place;  prob.  for  posino,  fr. an old preposition used only in
   comp.  (akin to Gr. sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See Site, and
   cf.  Composite,  Compound,  v.,  Depone,  Deposit,  Expound, Impostor,
   Opposite, Propound, Pose, v., Posit, Post, n.]

   1. The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which anything
   is placed; attitude; condition; as, a firm, an inclined, or an upright
   position.

     We  have  different  prospects  of the same thing, according to our
     different positions to it. Locke.

   2.  The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site;
   place;  station;  situation;  as, the position of man in creation; the
   fleet changed its position.

   3.   Hence:  The  ground  which  any  one  takes  in  an  argument  or
   controversy;  the  point  of  view  from  which  any one proceeds to a
   discussion;  also,  a principle laid down as the basis of reasoning; a
   proposition;  a  thesis;  as, to define one's position; to appear in a
   false position.

     Let  not  the  proof  of  any position depend on the positions that
     follow, but always on those which go before. I. Watts.

   4.  Relative  place or standing; social or official rank; as, a person
   of position; hence, office; post; as, to lose one's position.

   5.  (Arith.) A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions;
   -- called also the rule of trial and error.
   Angle of position (Astron.), the angle which any line (as that joining
   two  stars)  makes with another fixed line, specifically with a circle
   of  declination.  --  Double  position (Arith.), the method of solving
   problems  by proceeding with each of two assumed numbers, according to
   the  conditions of the problem, and by comparing the difference of the
   results  with  those  of  the  numbers,  deducing the correction to be
   applied  to one of them to obtain the true result. -- Guns of position
   (Mil.),  heavy  fieldpieces,  not  designed  for  quick  movements. --
   Position  finder  (Mil.), a range finder. See under Range. -- Position
   micrometer,  a  micrometer  applied  to  the  tube  of an astronomical
   telescope  for  measuring  angles of position in the field of view. --
   Single position (Arith.), the method of solving problems, in which the
   result  obtained  by  operating  with an assumed number is to the true
   result  as  the number assumed is to the number required. -- Strategic
   position  (Mil.), a position taken up by an army or a large detachment
   of  troops for the purpose of checking or observing an opposing force.
   Syn.  --  Situation;  station;  place;  condition;  attitude; posture;
   proposition; assertion; thesis.

                                   Position

   Po*si"tion  (?),  v.  t.  To  indicate the position of; to place. [R.]
   Encyc. Brit.

                                  Positional

   Po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to position.

     Ascribing unto plants positional operations. Sir T. Browne.

                                   Positive

   Pos"i*tive  (?),  a.  [OE.  positif,  F.  positif,  L.  positivus. See
   Position.]

   1.  Having  a  real  position, existence, or energy; existing in fact;
   real; actual; -- opposed to negative. "Positive good." Bacon.

   2.  Derived  from  an  object  by  itself;  not  dependent on changing
   circumstances  or relations; absolute; -- opposed to relative; as, the
   idea  of  beauty  is not positive, but depends on the different tastes
   individuals.

   3.  Definitely  laid  down;  explicitly  stated; clearly expressed; --
   opposed to implied; as, a positive declaration or promise.

     Positive  words,  that he would not bear arms against King Edward's
     son. Bacon.

   4.  Hence:  Not  admitting  of any doubt, condition, qualification, or
   discretion;  not  dependent  on  circumstances  or  probabilities; not
   speculative; compelling assent or obedience; peremptory; indisputable;
   decisive;  as,  positive instructions; positive truth; positive proof.
   "'T is positive 'gainst all exceptions." Shak.

   5.   Prescribed  by  express  enactment  or  institution;  settled  by
   arbitrary appointment; said of laws.

     In  laws,  that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is
     positive, not so. Hooker.

   6.   Fully  assured;  confident;  certain;  sometimes,  overconfident;
   dogmatic; overbearing; -- said of persons.

     Some  positive,  persisting fops we know, That, if once wrong, will
     needs be always. Pope.

   7.  Having  the  power  of  direct action or influence; as, a positive
   voice in legislation. Swift.

   8.  (Photog.)  Corresponding  with  the  original  in  respect  to the
   position of lights and shades, instead of having the lights and shades
   reversed; as, a positive picture.

   9. (Chem.) (a) Electro-positive. (b) Hence, basic; metallic; not acid;
   -- opposed to negative, and said of metals, bases, and basic radicals.
   Positive  crystals  (Opt.),  a  doubly refracting crystal in which the
   index  of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the
   ordinary  ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the
   latter,  as  quartz and ice; -- opposed to negative crystal, or one in
   which  this  characteristic  is reversed, as Iceland spar, tourmaline,
   etc.  -- Positive degree (Gram.), that state of an adjective or adverb
   which  denotes  simple  quality,  without  comparison  or  relation to
   increase  or  diminution;  as,  wise,  noble.  -- Positive electricity
   (Elec),  the  kind  of  electricity  which  is developed when glass is
   rubbed  with  silk, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery
   attached  to the plate that is not attacked by the exciting liquid; --
   formerly   called   vitreous   electricity;  --  opposed  to  negative
   electricity.  --  Positive  eyepiece.  See under Eyepiece. -- Positive
   law.  See Municipal law, under Law. -- Positive motion (Mach.), motion
   which is derived from a driver through unyielding intermediate pieces,
   or  by  direct  contact,  and  not through elastic connections, nor by
   means  of  friction,  gravity,  etc.;  definite  motion.  --  Positive
   philosophy.  See Positivism. -- Positive pole. (a) (Elec.) The pole of
   a  battery  or  pile which yields positive or vitreous electricity; --
   opposed  to  negative  pole.  (b)  (Magnetism) The north pole. [R.] --
   Positive  quantity (Alg.), an affirmative quantity, or one affected by
   the sign plus [+]. -- Positive rotation (Mech.), left-handed rotation.
   --  Positive  sign  (Math.),  the  sign [+] denoting plus, or more, or
   addition.
   
                                   Positive
                                       
   Pos"i*tive, n.
   
   1. That which is capable of being affirmed; reality. South.
   
   2. That which settles by absolute appointment.
   
   3. (Gram.) The positive degree or form.

   4.  (Photog.)  A  picture in which the lights and shades correspond in
   position  with those of the original, instead of being reversed, as in
   a negative. R. Hunt.

   5. (Elec.) The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.

                                  Positively

   Pos"i*tive*ly,   adv.   In  a  positive  manner;  absolutely;  really;
   expressly; with certainty; indubitably; peremptorily; dogmatically; --
   opposed to negatively.

     Good  and  evil  which  is  removed  may  be  esteemed good or evil
     comparatively, and positively simply. Bacon.

     Give  me  some  breath,  some  little  pause,  my  lord,  Before  I
     positively speak herein. Shak.

     I  would ask . . . whether . . . the divine law does not positively
     require humility and meekness. Sprat.

   Positively charged OR electrified (Elec.), having a charge of positive
   electricity; -- opposed to negatively electrified.

                                 Positiveness

   Pos"i*tive*ness,  n.  The quality or state of being positive; reality;
   actualness;  certainty;  confidence;  peremptoriness;  dogmatism.  See
   Positive, a.

     Positiveness, pedantry, and ill manners. Swift.

     The positiveness of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of
     the  will  and in the executed act too; the positiveness of sins of
     omission is in the habitude of the will only. Norris.

                                  Positivism

   Pos"i*tiv*ism  (?), n. A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste
   Comte,  which  deals  only with positives. It excludes from philosophy
   everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things,
   together   with   their   invariable   relations  of  coexistence  and
   succession,  as  occurring  in  time  and  space.  Such  relations are
   denominated   laws,   which  are  to  be  discovered  by  observation,
   experiment,  and  comparison.  This  philosophy holds all inquiry into
   causes, both efficient and final, to be useless and unprofitable.

                                  Positivist

   Pos"i*tiv*ist,  n.  A  believer  in  positivism.  --  a.  Relating  to
   positivism.

                                  Positivity

   Pos`i*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Positiveness. J. Morley.

                                   Positure

   Pos"i*ture (?; 135), n. See Posture. [Obs.]

                                    Posnet

   Pos"net  (?), n. [OF. po\'87onet, dim. of po\'87on a pot, a vessel.] A
   little basin; a porringer; a skillet.

                            Posologic, Posological

   Pos`o*log"ic  (?),  Pos`o*log"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  posologique.]
   Pertaining to posology.

                                   Posology

   Po*sol"o*gy  (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. posologie.] (Med.) The science
   or doctrine of doses; dosology.
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                                   Pospolite

   Pos"po*lite  (?),  n.  [Pol.  pospolite  ruszenie a general summons to
   arms, an arriere-ban; pospolity general + ruszenie a stirring.] A kind
   of  militia  in  Poland,  consisting  of the gentry, which, in case of
   invasion, was summoned to the defense of the country.

                                     Poss

   Poss (?), v. t. [See Push.] To push; to dash; to throw. [Obs. or Prov.
   Eng.]

     A cat . . . possed them [the rats] about. Piers Plowman.

                                     Posse

   Pos"se  (?),  n.  See  Posse  comitatus. In posse. See In posse in the
   Vocabulary.

                                Posse comitatus

   Pos"se  com`i*ta"tus  (?).  [L.  posse to be able, to have power + LL.
   comitatus  a  county,  from  comes,  comitis, a count. See County, and
   Power.]

   1.  (Law) The power of the county, or the citizens who may be summoned
   by  the  sheriff  to  assist the authorities in suppressing a riot, or
   executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed. Blackstone.

   2. A collection of people; a throng; a rabble. [Colloq.]

     NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rd comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone
     used. "A whole posse of enthusiasts."

   Carlyle.

     As  if  the  passion  that rules were the sheriff of the place, and
     came off with all the posse. Locke.

                                    Possess

   Pos*sess" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Possessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Possessing.]  [L. possessus, p. p. of possidere to have, possess, from
   an inseparable prep. (cf. Position) + sedere to sit. See Sit.]

   1. To occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own keeping;
   to have and to hold.

     Houses  and  fields  and vineyards shall be possessed again in this
     land. Jer. xxxii. 15.

     Yet  beauty,  though  injurious,  hath strange power, After offense
     returning, to regain Love once possessed. Milton.

   2.  To  have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master
   of; to own; to have; as, to possess property, an estate, a book.

     I am yours, and all that I possess. Shak.

   3.  To  obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to
   seize.

     How . . . to possess the purpose they desired. Spenser.

   4.  To  enter  into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to
   affect;  --  said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc. "Weakness
   possesseth me." Shak.

     Those which were possessed with devils. Matt. iv. 24.

     For ten inspired, ten thousand are possessed. Roscommon.

   5.  To  put  in  possession;  to make the owner or holder of property,
   power,  knowledge,  etc.; to acquaint; to inform; -- followed by of or
   with before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively.

     I have possessed your grace of what I purpose. Shak.

     Record a gift . . . of all he dies possessed Unto his son. Shak.

     We possessed our selves of the kingdom of Naples. Addison.

     To possess our minds with an habitual good intention. Addison.

   Syn. -- To have; hold; occupy; control; own. -- Possess, Have. Have is
   the  more  general  word. To possess denotes to have as a property. It
   usually   implies  more  permanence  or  definiteness  of  control  or
   ownership  than is involved in having. A man does not possess his wife
   and  children:  they  are  (so to speak) part of himself. For the same
   reason,  we  have  the faculties of reason, understanding, will, sound
   judgment, etc.: they are exercises of the mind, not possessions.

                                  Possession

   Pos*ses"sion (?), n. [F. possession, L. possessio.]

   1. The act or state of possessing, or holding as one's own.

   2.  (Law) The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power
   or command; actual seizin or occupancy; ownership, whether rightful or
   wrongful.

     NOTE: &hand; Po ssession ma y be  ei ther ac tual or  constructive;
     actual,  when  a  party  has the immediate occupancy; constructive,
     when he has only the right to such occupancy.

   3.  The  thing  possessed;  that  which  any  one  occupies,  owns, or
   controls;  in the plural, property in the aggregate; wealth; dominion;
   as, foreign possessions.

     When  the  young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for
     he had great possessions. Matt. xix. 22.

     Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession. Acts v. 1.

     The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. Ob. 17.

   4.  The  state of being possessed or controlled, as by an evil spirit,
   or violent passions; madness; frenzy; as, demoniacal possession.

     How long hath this possession held the man? Shak.

   To  give possession, to put in another's power or occupancy. -- To put
   in  possession.  (a) To invest with ownership or occupancy; to provide
   or furnish with; as, to put one in possession of facts or information.
   (b) (Law) To place one in charge of property recovered in ejectment or
   writ  of  entry.  --  To  take  possession, to enter upon, or to bring
   within  one's  power  or  occupancy.  --  Writ  of possession (Law), a
   precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of
   property recovered in ejectment or writ of entry.

                                  Possession

   Pos*ses"sion, v. t. To invest with property. [Obs.]

                                 Possessionary

   Pos*ses"sion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to possession; arising from
   possession.

                                 Possessioner

   Pos*ses"sion*er (?), n.

   1.  A  possessor; a property holder. [Obs.] "Possessioners of riches."
   E. Hall.

     Having been of old freemen and possessioners. Sir P. Sidney.

   2.  An  invidious name for a member of any religious community endowed
   with  property in lands, buildings, etc., as contrasted with mendicant
   friars. [Obs.] Wyclif.

                                  Possessival

   Pos`ses*si"val  (?), a. Of or pertaining to the possessive case; as, a
   possessival termination. Earle.

                                  Possessive

   Pos*sess"ive  (?),  a.  [L.  possessivus:  cf.  F.  possessif.]  Of or
   pertaining  to possession; having or indicating possession. Possessive
   case  (Eng.  Gram.), the genitive case; the case of nouns and pronouns
   which  expresses ownership, origin, or some possessive relation of one
   thing  to  another; as, Homer's admirers; the pear's flavor; the dog's
   faithfulness. -- Possessive pronoun, a pronoun denoting ownership; as,
   his name; her home; my book.
   
                                  Possessive
                                       
   Pos*sess"ive (?), n.
   
   1. (Gram.) The possessive case.
   
   2. (Gram.) A possessive pronoun, or a word in the possessive case.
   
                                 Possessively
                                       
   Pos*sess"ive*ly, adv. In a possessive manner.
   
                                   Possessor
                                       
   Pos*sess"or  (?),  n.  [L.: cf. F. possesseur.] One who possesses; one
   who   occupies,   holds,   owns,  or  controls;  one  who  has  actual
   participation  or  enjoyment,  generally of that which is desirable; a
   proprietor. "Possessors of eternal glory." Law.
   
     As if he had been possessor of the whole world. Sharp.
     
   Syn. -- Owner; proprietor; master; holder; occupant.
   
                                  Possessory
                                       
   Pos*sess"o*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  possessorius: cf. F. possessoire.] Of or
   pertaining  to  possession, either as a fact or a right; of the nature
   of   possession;   as,  a  possessory  interest;  a  possessory  lord.
   Possessory  action  OR  suit  (Law),  an  action  to  regain or obtain
   possession of something. See under Petitory.

                                    Posset

   Pos"set  (?),  n. [W. posel curdled milk, posset.] A beverage composed
   of hot milk curdled by some strong infusion, as by wine, etc., -- much
   in favor formerly. "I have drugged their posset." Shak.

                                    Posset

   Pos"set, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posseted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posseting.]

   1. To curdle; to turn, as milk; to coagulate; as, to posset the blood.
   [Obs.] Shak.

   2.  To  treat  with  possets;  to  pamper.  [R.] "She was cosseted and
   posseted." O. W. Holmes.

                                  Possibility

   Pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Possibilities (#). [F. possibilit\'82, L.
   possibilitas.]

   1.  The  quality  or  state of being possible; the power of happening,
   being,  or  existing.  "All  possibility  of  error."  Hooker. "Latent
   possibilities of excellence." Johnson.

   2.  That  which  is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may
   not  happen;  a  contingent  interest,  as in real or personal estate.
   South. Burrill.

                                   Possible

   Pos"si*ble  (?),  a.  [F., fr. L. possibilis, fr. posse to be able, to
   have  power; potis able, capable + esse to be. See Potent, Am, and cf.
   Host  a  landlord.]  Capable  of  existing  or  occurring, or of being
   conceived  or  thought  of; able to happen; capable of being done; not
   contrary to the nature of things; -- sometimes used to express extreme
   improbability;  barely able to be, or to come to pass; as, possibly he
   is honest, as it is possible that Judas meant no wrong.

     With God all things are possible. Matt. xix. 26.

   Syn. -- Practicable; likely. See Practicable.

                                   Possibly

   Pos"si*bly,  adv. In a possible manner; by possible means; especially,
   by extreme, remote, or improbable intervention, change, or exercise of
   power; by a chance; perhaps; as, possibly he may recover.

     Can we . . . possibly his love desert? Milton.

     When possibly I can, I will return. Shak.

                                    Possum

   Pos"sum  (?),  n.  [Shortened  from  opossum.]  (Zo\'94l.) An opossum.
   [Colloq.  U.  S.]  To  play possum, To act possum, to feign ignorance,
   indifference or inattention, with the intent to deceive; to dissemble;
   --  in  allusion  to the habit of the opossum, which feigns death when
   attacked or alarmed.

                                     Post-

   Post-  (?).  [L.  post  behind,  after;  cf.  Skr.  pa\'87c\'bebehind,
   afterwards.]   A   prefix   signifying   behind,   back,   after;  as,
   postcommissure, postdot, postscript.

                                     Post

   Post,  a.  [F. aposter to place in a post or position, generally for a
   bad  purpose.]  Hired  to  do  what  is wrong; suborned. [Obs.] Sir E.
   Sandys.

                                     Post

   Post,  n.  [AS., fr. L. postis, akin to ponere, positum, to place. See
   Position, and cf. 4th Post.]

   1. A piece of timber, metal, or other solid substance, fixed, or to be
   fixed,  firmly  in  an upright position, especially when intended as a
   stay  or  support  to something else; a pillar; as, a hitching post; a
   fence post; the posts of a house.

     They  shall  take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts
     and on the upper doorpost of the houses. Ex. xii. 7.

     Then  by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore, The gates
     of Azza, post and massy bar. Milton.

     Unto his order he was a noble post. Chaucer.

     NOTE: &hand; Po st, in  the sense of an upright timber or strut, is
     used  in  composition,  in  such  words  as  king-post, queen-post,
     crown-post, gatepost, etc.

   2.  The  doorpost  of a victualer's shop or inn, on which were chalked
   the scores of customers; hence, a score; a debt. [Obs.]

     When God sends coin I will discharge your post. S. Rowlands.

   From  pillar  to  post.  See  under Pillar. -- Knight of the post. See
   under Knight. -- Post hanger (Mach.), a bearing for a revolving shaft,
   adapted  to  be fastened to a post. -- Post hole, a hole in the ground
   to  set  the  foot  of  a post in. -- Post mill, a form of windmill so
   constructed  that  the  whole  fabric  rests on a vertical axis firmly
   fastened  to  the ground, and capable of being turned as the direction
   of the wind varies. -- Post and stall (Coal Mining), a mode of working
   in which pillars of coal are left to support the roof of the mine.

                                     Post

   Post,  n. [F. poste, LL. posta station, post (where horses were kept),
   properly,  a  fixed or set place, fem. fr. L. positus placed, p. p. of
   ponere. See Position, and cf. Post a pillar.]

   1.  The  place  at  which  anything  is  stopped,  placed, or fixed; a
   station.  Specifically: (a) A station, or one of a series of stations,
   established for the refreshment and accommodation of travelers on some
   recognized route; as, a stage or railway post. (b) A military station;
   the  place  at which a soldier or a body of troops is stationed; also,
   the  troops  at  such  a  station.  (c) The piece of ground to which a
   sentinel's walk is limited.

   2.  A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially, one who
   is  employed  by the government to carry letters and parcels regularly
   from one place to another; a letter carrier; a postman.

     In  certain  places  there  be  always  fresh  posts, to carry that
     further which is brought unto them by the other. Abp. Abbot.

     I  fear my Julia would not deign my lines, Receiving them from such
     a worthless post. Shak.

   3.  An established conveyance for letters from one place or station to
   another;  especially,  the  governmental  system  in  any  country for
   carrying  and  distributing  letters and parcels; the post office; the
   mail; hence, the carriage by which the mail is transported.

     I  send  you  the fair copy of the poem on dullness, which I should
     not care to hazard by the common post. Pope.

   4.  Haste  or  speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier. [Obs.]
   "In post he came." Shak.

   5.  One  who  has charge of a station, especially of a postal station.
   [Obs.]

     He  held office of postmaster, or, as it was then called, post, for
     several years. Palfrey.

   6. A station, office, or position of service, trust, or emolument; as,
   the post of duty; the post of danger.

     The post of honor is a private station. Addison.

   7. A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under Paper.
   Post  and  pair,  an old game at cards, in which each player a hand of
   three  cards. B. Jonson. -- Post bag, a mail bag. -- Post bill, a bill
   of  letters  mailed  by a postmaster. -- Post chaise, or Post coach, a
   carriage usually with four wheels, for the conveyance of travelers who
   travel  post. Post day, a day on which the mall arrives or departs. --
   Post hackney, a hired post horse. Sir H. Wotton. -- Post horn, a horn,
   or trumpet, carried and blown by a carrier of the public mail, or by a
   coachman.  -- Post horse, a horse stationed, intended, or used for the
   post. -- Post hour, hour for posting letters. Dickens. -- Post office.
   (a)  An  office  under  governmental  superintendence,  where letters,
   papers,  and  other  mailable  matter, are received and distributed; a
   place appointed for attending to all business connected with the mail.
   (b)  The governmental system for forwarding mail matter. -- Postoffice
   order.  See  Money  order, under Money. -- Post road, OR Post route, a
   road  or  way over which the mail is carried. -- Post town. (a) A town
   in  which  post  horses are kept. (b) A town in which a post office is
   established  by  law.  --  To  ride  post,  to  ride,  as a carrier of
   dispatches,  from  place  to  place;  hence,  to ride rapidly, with as
   little  delay  as  possible.  --  To travel post, to travel, as a post
   does,  by  relays of horses, or by keeping one carriage to which fresh
   horses are attached at each stopping place.

                                     Post

   Post (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posting.]

   1.  To  attach  to  a  post,  a wall, or other usual place of affixing
   public notices; to placard; as, to post a notice; to post playbills.

     NOTE: &hand; Fo  rmerly, a  la rge po st wa s er ected be fore th e
     sheriff's office, or in some public place, upon which legal notices
     were  displayed. This way of advertisement has not entirely gone of
     use.

   2. To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously;
   to denounce by public proclamation; as, to post one for cowardice.

     On  pain  of being posted to your sorrow Fail not, at four, to meet
     me. Granville.

   3.  To  enter  (a  name)  on a list, as for service, promotion, or the
   like.

   4.  To  assign to a station; to set; to place; as, to post a sentinel.
   "It  might  be  to obtain a ship for a lieutenant, . . . or to get him
   posted." De Quincey.

   5.  (Bookkeeping)  To  carry,  as  an account, from the journal to the
   ledger;  as,  to  post  an  account;  to transfer, as accounts, to the
   ledger.

     You have not posted your books these ten years. Arbuthnot.

   6. To place in the care of the post; to mail; as, to post a letter.

   7.  To  inform; to give the news to; to make (one) acquainted with the
   details of a subject; -- often with up.

     Thoroughly  posted  up  in  the politics and literature of the day.
     Lond. Sat. Rev.

   To  post  off,  to  put off; to delay. [Obs.] "Why did I, venturously,
   post off so great a business?" Baxter. -- To post over, to hurry over.
   [Obs.] Fuller.

                                     Post

   Post, v. i. [Cf. OF. poster. See 4th Post.]

   1. To travel with post horses; figuratively, to travel in haste. "Post
   seedily to my lord your husband." Shak.

     And post o'er land and ocean without rest. Milton.

   2.  (Man.)  To  rise  and  sink  in the saddle, in accordance with the
   motion of the horse, esp. in trotting. [Eng.]

                                     Post

   Post, adv. With post horses; hence, in haste; as, to travel post.

                                 Post-abdomen

   Post`-ab*do"men  (?), n. [Pref. post- + abdomen.] (Zo\'94l.) That part
   of  a  crustacean  behind  the  cephalothorax; -- more commonly called
   abdomen.

                                   Postable

   Post"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being carried by, or as by, post. [Obs.]
   W. Montagu.

                                    Postact

   Post"act` (?), n. An act done afterward.

                                    Postage

   Post"age  (?),  n.  The  price  established  by law to be paid for the
   conveyance  of  a  letter  or  other mailable matter by a public post.
   Postage  stamp,  a  government  stamp required to be put upon articles
   sent  by mail in payment of the postage, esp. an adhesive stamp issued
   and sold for that purpose.

                                    Postal

   Post"al  (?), a. [Cf. F. postal.] Belonging to the post office or mail
   service;  as, postal arrangements; postal authorities. Postal card, OR
   Post  card, a card sold by the government for transmission through the
   mails, at a lower rate of postage than a sealed letter. The message is
   written  on  one  side of the card, and the direction on the other. --
   Postal  money  order. See Money order, under Money. -- Postal note, an
   order payable to bearer, for a sum of money (in the United States less
   than five dollars under existing law), issued from one post office and
   payable  at  another  specified  office.  -- Postal Union, a union for
   postal  purposes  entered  into  by  the  most  important  powers,  or
   governments,  which have agreed to transport mail matter through their
   several territories at a stipulated rate.

                                   Postanal

   Post*a"nal  (?),  a. [Pref. post- + anal.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or
   posterior to, the anus.

                                   Postaxial

   Post*ax"i*al  (?),  a.  [Pref. post- + axial.] (Anat.) Situated behind
   any  transverse  axis  in  the  body  of an animal; caudal; posterior;
   especially,  behind,  or on the caudal or posterior (that is, ulnar or
   fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1119

                                    Postboy

   Post"boy` (?), n.

   1. One who rides post horses; a position; a courier.

   2. A boy who carries letters from the post.

                                 Post-captain

   Post"-cap`tain  (?), n. A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared,
   or  was  "posted,"  in  the  seniority  list  of  the British navy, as
   distinguished  from a commander whose name was not so posted. The term
   was  also  used  in  the United States navy; but no such commission as
   post-captain  was  ever recognized in either service, and the term has
   fallen into disuse.

                                   Postcava

   Post"ca`va  (?),  n.;  pl. Postcav\'91 . [NL. See Post-, and Cave, n.]
   (Anat.) The inferior vena cava. -- Post"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder.

                                 Postclavicle

   Post*clav"i*cle  (?),  n.  [Pref. post- + clavicle.] (Anat.) A bone in
   the  pectoral  girdle  of  many  fishes  projecting  backward from the
   clavicle. -- Post`*cla*vic"u*lar (#), a.

                                Postcommissure

   Post*com"mis*sure  (?),  n.  [Pref.  post-  +  commisure.]  (Anat.)  A
   transverse  commisure  in  the posterior part of the roof of the third
   ventricle  of  the  brain;  the  posterior  cerebral  commisure. B. G.
   Wilder.

                                 Postcomminion

   Post`com*min"ion (?), n. [Pref. post- + communion.]

   1.  (Ch.  of  Eng.  &  Prot.  Epis. Ch.) The concluding portion of the
   communion service.

   2.  (R.  C.  Ch.)  A  prayer or prayers which the priest says at Mass,
   after the ablutions.

                                   Postcornu

   Post*cor"nu  (?),  n.; pl. Postcornua (#). [NL. See Post-, and Cornu.]
   (Anat.)  The posterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B.
   G. Wilder.

                                   Postdate

   Post"date`  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Postdated; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Postdating.] [Pref. post- + date.]

   1.  To  date after the real time; as, to postdate a contract, that is,
   to date it later than the time when it was in fact made.

   2. To affix a date to after the event.

                                   Postdate

   Post"date`, a. Made or done after the date assigned.

     Of these [predictions] some were postdate; cunningly made after the
     thing came to pass. Fuller.

                                   Postdate

   Post"date`,  n. A date put to a bill of exchange or other paper, later
   than that when it was actually made.

                          Postdiluvial, Postdiluvian

   Post`di*lu"vi*al   (?),   Post`di*lu"vi*an  (?),  a.  [Pref.  post-  +
   diluvial,  diluvian.]  Being  or  happening  after the flood in Noah's
   days.

                                 Postdiluvian

   Post`di*lu"vi*an, n. One who lived after the flood.

                                Post-disseizin

   Post"-dis*sei"zin  (?),  n. [Pref. post- + disseizin.] (O. Eng. Law) A
   subsequent disseizin committed by one of lands which the disseizee had
   before  recovered  of  the  same  disseizor;  a  writ  founded on such
   subsequent disseizin, now abolished. Burrill. Tomlins.

                                Post-disseizor

   Post`-dis*sei"zor  (?),  n. [Pref. post- + disseizor.] (O. Eng. Law) A
   person  who  disseizes another of lands which the disseizee had before
   recovered of the same disseizor. Blackstone.

                                    Postea

   Post"e*a (?), n. [L., after these or those (things), afterward.] (Law)
   The  return  of  the  judge  before  whom  a  cause was tried, after a
   verdict,  of what was done in the cause, which is indorsed on the nisi
   prius record. Wharton.

                                    Postel

   Pos"tel (?), n. Apostle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                Postencephalon

   Post`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. (Anat.) The metencephalon.

                                   Postentry

   Post"en*try (?), n. [Pref. post- + entry.]

   1. A second or subsequent, at the customhouse, of goods which had been
   omitted by mistake.

   2. (Bookkeeping) An additional or subsequent entry.

                                    Poster

   Post"er (?), n.

   1. A large bill or placard intended to be posted in public places.

   2. One who posts bills; a billposter.

                                    Poster

   Post"er, n.

   1. One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier. "Posters of the
   sea and land." Shak.

   2. A post horse. "Posters at full gallop." C. Lever.

                                  Postterior

   Post*te"ri*or (?), a. [L. posterior, compar. of posterus coming after,
   from post after. See Post-.]

   1.  Later  in time; hence, later in the order of proceeding or moving;
   coming after; -- opposed to prior.

     Hesiod was posterior to Homer. Broome.

   2. Situated behind; hinder; -- opposed to anterior.

   3.  (Anat.)  At  or  toward  the caudal extremity; caudal; -- in human
   anatomy often used for dorsal.

   4.  (Bot.)  On  the side next the axis of inflorescence; -- said of an
   axillary flower. Gray.

                                 Posteriority

   Pos*te`ri*or"i*ty  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. post\'82riorit\'82.] The state of
   being  later  or subsequent; as, posteriority of time, or of an event;
   -- opposed to priority.

                                  Posteriorly

   Pos*te"ri*or*ly  (?),  adv.  Subsequently  in  time;  also,  behind in
   position.

                                  Posteriors

   Pos*te"ri*ors  (?),  n.  pl. The hinder parts, as of an animal's body.
   Swift.

                                   Posterity

   Pos*ter"i*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  posteritas:  cf.  F. post\'82rit\'82. See
   Posterior.]

   1. The race that proceeds from a progenitor; offspring to the furthest
   generation;  the aggregate number of persons who are descended from an
   ancestor  of  a  generation; descendants; -- contrasted with ancestry;
   as, the posterity of Abraham.

     If [the crown] should not stand in thy posterity. Shak.

   2. Succeeding generations; future times. Shak.

     Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. Shak.

     Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. Smalridge.

                                    Postern

   Pos"tern   (?),  n.  [OF.  posterne,  posterle,  F.  poterne,  fr.  L.
   posterula, fr. posterus coming after. See Posterior.]

   1.  Originally,  a  back  door or gate; a private entrance; hence, any
   small door or gate.

     He by a privy postern took his flight. Spenser.

     Out at the postern, by the abbey wall. Shak.

   2.  (Fort.)  A  subterraneous passage communicating between the parade
   and  the  main  ditch,  or between the ditches and the interior of the
   outworks. Mahan.

                                    Postern

   Pos"tern, a. Back; being behind; private. "The postern door." Dryden.

                                    Postero

   Pos"te*ro-  (posterior,  back; as, postero-inferior, situated back and
   below; postero-lateral, situated back and at the side.

                                   Postexist

   Post`ex*ist" (?), v. i. [Pref. post- + exist.] To exist after; to live
   subsequently. [Obs. or R.]

                                 Postexistence

   Post`ex*ist"ence (?), n. Subsequent existence.

                                 Postexistent

   Post`ex*ist"ent  (?),  a. Existing or living after. [R.] "Postexistent
   atoms." Cudworth.

                                   Postfact

   Post"fact`  (?),  a.  [See  Post-,  and Fact.] Relating to a fact that
   occurs after another.

                                   Postfact

   Post"fact`,  n.  A fact that occurs after another. "Confirmed upon the
   postfact." Fuller.

                                  Postfactum

   Post`fac"tum (?), n. [LL.] (Rom. & Eng. Law) Same as Postfact.

                                   Post-fine

   Post"-fine` (?), n. [Pref. post- + fine.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty paid to
   the  king  by the cognizee in a fine of lands, when the same was fully
   passed; -- called also the king's silver.

                                    Postfix

   Post"fix  (?),  n.;  pl.  Postfixes  (#).  [Pref.  post- + -fix, as in
   prefix:  cf.  F. postfixe.] (Gram.) A letter, syllable, or word, added
   to the end of another word; a suffix. Parkhurst.

                                    Postfix

   Post*fix"  (?), v. t. To annex; specifically (Gram.), to add or annex,
   as  a  letter,  syllable,  or word, to the end of another or principal
   word; to suffix. Parkhurst.

                                  Postfrontal

   Post*fron"tal (?), a. [Pref. post- + frontal.] (Anat.) Situated behind
   the  frontal  bone  or  the  frontal  region  of the skull; -- applied
   especially to a bone back of and below the frontal in many animals. --
   n. A postfrontal bone.

                                   Postfurca

   Post*fur"ca  (?),  n.;  pl.  Postfurc\'91 (#). [NL., fr. post behind +
   furca  a  fork.]  (Zo\'94l.) One of the internal thoracic processes of
   the sternum of an insect.

                                 Postgeniture

   Post*gen"i*ture  (?;  135),  n.  [Pref.  post-  +  L.  genitura birth,
   geniture.]  The  condition  of  being  born  after another in the same
   family; -- distinguished from primogeniture. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Postglenoid

   Post*gle"noid (?), a. [Pref. post- + glenoid.] (Anat.) Situated behind
   the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone.

                                   Posthaste

   Post`haste"  (?),  n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post
   or courier. Shak.

                                   Posthaste

   Post`haste,  adv. With speed or expedition; as, he traveled posthaste;
   to send posthaste. Shak.

                                  Postthetomy

   Post*thet"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Circumcision. Dunglison.

                                   Posthouse

   Post"house` (?), n.

   1.  A  house established for the convenience of the post, where relays
   of horses can be obtained.

   2. A house for distributing the malls; a post office.

                              Posthume, Posthumed

   Post"hume (?), Post"humed (?), a. Posthumos. [Obs.] I. Watts. Fuller.

                                  Posthumous

   Post"hu*mous  (?;  277),  a.  [L. posthumus, postumus, properly, last;
   hence,  late  born (applied to children born after the father's death,
   or  after  he  had made his will), superl. of posterus, posterior. See
   Posterior.]

   1.  Born after the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of
   the mother; as, a posthumous son or daughter.

   2.  Published  after  the death of the author; as, posthumous works; a
   posthumous edition.

   3. Being or continuing after one's death; as, a posthumous reputation.
   Addison. Sir T. Browne.

                                 Posthumously

   Post"hu*mous*ly, adv. It a posthumous manner; after one's decease.

                                    Postic

   Pos"tic  (?),  a.  [L.  posticus,  fr.  post after, behind.] Backward.
   [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Postticous

   Post"ti*cous (?), a. [L. posticus.] (Bot.) (a) Posterior. (b) Situated
   on the outer side of a filament; -- said of an extrorse anther.

                                    Postil

   Pos"til  (?),  n. [F. postille, apostille, LL. postilla, probably from
   L. post illa (sc. verba) after those (words). Cf. Apostil.]

   1.  Originally,  an  explanatory  note  in the margin of the Bible, so
   called  because  written  after  the  text;  hence, a marginal note; a
   comment.

     Langton also made postils upon the whole Bible. Foxe.

   2.  (R.  C. Ch. & Luth. Ch.) A short homily or commentary on a passage
   of  Scripture;  as,  the  first  postils  were  composed  by  order of
   Charlemagne.

                                    Postil

   Pos"til,  v. t. [Cf. LL. postillare.] To write marginal or explanatory
   notes on; to gloss. Bacon.

                                    Postil

   Pos"til,  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p. p. Postiled (Postilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Postiling  or  Postilling.]  To  write  postils, or marginal notes; to
   comment; to postillate.

     Postiling and allegorizing on Scripture. J. H. Newman.

                                   Postiler

   Pos"til*er  (?), n. [Written also postiller.] One who writers marginal
   notes;  one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin.
   Sir T. Browne.

                                   Postilion

   Pos*til"ion  (?),  n.  [F. postillon, It. postiglione, fr. posta post.
   See Post a postman.] One who rides and guides the first pair of horses
   of  a coach or post chaise; also, one who rides one of the horses when
   one pair only is used. [Written also postillion.]

                                  Postillate

   Pos"til*late  (?),  v.  t.  [LL. postillatus, p. p. of postillare.] To
   explain by marginal notes; to postil.

     Tracts . . . postillated by his own hand. C. Knight.

                                  Postillate

   Pos"til*late, v. i.

   1. To write postils; to comment.

   2. To preach by expounding Scripture verse by verse, in regular order.

                                 Postillation

   Pos`til*la"tion  (?),  n.  [LL. postillatio.] The act of postillating;
   exposition of Scripture in preaching.

                                  Postillator

   Pos"til*la`tor (?), n. [LL.] One who postillates; one who expounds the
   Scriptures verse by verse.

                                  Posttiller

   Post"til*ler (?), n. See Postiler.

                                    Posting

   Post"ing (?), n.

   1. The act of traveling post.

   2.  (Bookkeeping)  The  act  of  transferring  an account, as from the
   journal to the ledger.
   Posting house, a post house.

                                 Postliminiar

   Post`li*min"i*ar  (?),  a.  [See  Postliminium.]  Contrived,  done, or
   existing  subsequently.  "Postliminious  after applications of them to
   their purposes." South.

                                 Postliminiary

   Post`li*min"i*a*ry  (?),  a. Pertaining to, or involving, the right of
   postliminium.

                           Postliminium, Postliminy

   Post`li*min"i*um  (?),  Post*lim"i*ny  (?),  n. [L. postliminium, post
   after + limen, liminis, a threshold.]

   1.  (Rom.  Antiq.)  The  return  to  his  own  country, and his former
   privileges,  of a person who had gone to sojourn in a foreign country,
   or had been banished, or taken by an enemy. Burrill.

   2.  (Internat.  Law)  The  right by virtue of which persons and things
   taken  by  an  enemy  in  war  are restored to their former state when
   coming  again  under  the  power of the nation to which they belonged.
   Kent.

                                   Postlude

   Post"lude  (?),  n.  [Pref.  post-  +  -lude, as in prelude.] (Med.) A
   voluntary at the end of a service.

                                    Postman

   Post"man (?), n.; pl. Postmen (.

   1. A post or courier; a letter carrier.

   2.  (Eng. Law) One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court
   of  Exchequer,  who  have precedence in motions; -- so called from the
   place  where  he  sits.  The  other  of  the two is called the tubman.
   Whishaw.

                                   Postmark

   Post"mark`  (?),  n. The mark, or stamp, of a post office on a letter,
   giving the place and date of mailing or of arrival.

                                   Postmark

   Post"mark`,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Postmarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Postmarking.]  To  mark  with  a  post-office stamp; as, to postmark a
   letter or parcel.

                                  Postmaster

   Post"mas`ter (?), n.

   1. One who has charge of a station for the accommodation of travelers;
   one who supplies post horses.

   2.  One  who  has  charge  of  a post office, and the distribution and
   forwarding of mails.

                              Postmaster-general

   Post"mas`ter-gen"er*al  (?),  n.;  pl.  Postmasters-general. The chief
   officer  of  the post-office department of a government. In the United
   States the postmaster-general is a member of the cabinet.

                                Postmastership

   Post"mas`ter*ship, n. The office of postmaster.

                                 Postmeridian

   Post`me*rid"i*an  (?), a. [L. postmeridianus; post after + meridianus.
   See Meridian.]

   1.  Coming  after  the  sun  has  passed  the  meridian;  being in, or
   belonging to, the afternoon. (Abbrev. P. M.)

   2. Fig., belonging to the after portion of life; late. [R.]

                                  Post-mortem

   Post-mor"tem  (?),  a. [L., after death.] After death; as, post-mortem
   rigidity.  Post-mortem  examination (Med.), an examination of the body
   made  after  the  death  of  the  patient; an autopsy.<-- also, simply
   post-mortem.; (Fig.) any inquiry after the failure of an enterprise to
   determine the casue of failure -->

                                   Postnares

   Post*na"res  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Post-,  and Nares.] (Anat.) The
   posterior nares. See Nares.

                                   Postnatal

   Post*na"tal  (?), a. [Pref. post- + natal.] After birth; subsequent to
   birth; as, postnatal infanticide; postnatal diseases.

                                   Postnate

   Post"nate  (?), a. [LL. postnatus second or subsequently born; L. post
   after  +  natus born.] Subsequent. "The graces and gifts of the spirit
   are postnate." [Archaic] Jer. Taylor.

                                   Post note

   Post"  note`  (?).  (Com.)  A  note  issued by a bank, payable at some
   future specified time, as distinguished from a note payable on demand.
   Burrill.

                                  Postnuptial

   Post*nup"tial  (?),  a.  [Pref.  post-  + nuptial.] Being or happening
   after marriage; as, a postnuptial settlement on a wife. Kent.

                       Post-obit, n., OR Post-obit bond

   Post-o"bit (?), n., OR Post-o"bit bond`. [Pref. post- + obit.] (Law) A
   bond  in  which  the  obligor,  in  consideration of having received a
   certain  sum  of  money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, on unusual
   interest,  on  the death of some specified individual from whom he has
   expectations. Bouvier.

                                 Postoblongata

   Post*ob`lon*ga"ta  (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The
   posterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

                                  Postocular

   Post*oc"u*lar  (?), a. & n. [Pref. post- + ocular.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Postorbital.

                                  Post office

   Post" of`fice (?), n. See under 4th Post.

                                   Postoral

   Post*o"ral  (?),  a. [Pref. post- + oral.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or
   posterior to, the mouth.

                                  Postorbital

   Post*or"bit*al  (?),  a.  [Pref.  post- + orbital.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.)
   Situated  behind  the orbit; as, the postorbital scales of some fishes
   and reptiles. -- n. A postorbital bone or scale.

                                   Postpaid

   Post"paid` (?), a. Having the postage prepaid, as a letter.

                                 Postpalatine

   Post*pal"a*tine  (?),  a.  [Pref.  post- + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated
   behind the palate, or behind the palatine bones.

                                 Postpliocene

   Post*pli"o*cene  (?),  a.  (Geol.)  [Pref.  post-  +  pliocene.] Of or
   pertaining   to   the   period  immediately  following  the  Pliocene;
   Pleistocene. Also used as a noun. See Quaternary.

                                   Postpone

   Post*pone"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Postponed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Postponing.]  [L.  postponere,  postpositum;  post  after  + ponere to
   place, put. See Post-, and Position.]

   1.  To  defer to a future or later time; to put off; also, to cause to
   be  deferred  or  put  off;  to delay; to adjourn; as, to postpone the
   consideration of a bill to the following day, or indefinitely.

     His praise postponed, and never to be paid. Cowper.

   2.  To  place  after,  behind,  or  below  something,  in  respect  to
   precedence, preference, value, or importance.

     All  other considerations should give way and be postponed to this.
     Locke.

   Syn. -- To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate.

                                 Postponement

   Post*pone"ment  (?), n. The act of postponing; a deferring, or putting
   off, to a future time; a temporary delay. Macaulay.

                                  Postponence

   Post*pon"ence  (?),  n.  [From  L.  postponens,  p.  pr.]  The  act of
   postponing, in sense 2. [Obs.] Johnson.

                                   Postponer

   Post*pon"er (?), n. One who postpones.

                                   Postpose

   Post*pose"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Postposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Postposing.]  [F.  postposer. See Post-, and Pose, v. t.] To postpone.
   [Obs.] Fuller.

                                   Postposit

   Post*pos"it  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  postpositus,  p.  p. See Postpone.] To
   postpone. [Obs.] Feltham.

                                 Postposition

   Post`po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. postposition. See Postpone.]

   1.  The act of placing after, or the state of being placed after. "The
   postposition of the nominative case to the verb." Mede.
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   2. A word or particle placed after, or at the end of, another word; --
   distinguished from preposition.

                                Postpositional

   Post`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to postposition.

                                 Postpositive

   Post*pos"i*tive (?), a. [See Postpone.] Placed after another word; as,
   a    postpositive    conjunction;    a    postpositive    letter.   --
   Post*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.

                                 Postprandial

   Post*pran"di*al  (?), a. [Pref. post- + prandial.] Happening, or done,
   after dinner; after-dinner; as, postprandial speeches.

                               Postremogeniture

   Pos*tre`mo*gen"i*ture  (?;  135),  n.  [L.  postremus  last + genitura
   birth, geniture.] The right of the youngest born. Mozley & W.

                                  Postremote

   Post`re*mote"   (?),  a.  [Pref.  post-  +  remote.]  More  remote  in
   subsequent time or order.

                                   Postrider

   Post"rid`er (?), n. One who rides over a post road to carry the mails.
   Bancroft.

                                  Postscapula

   Post*scap"u*la  (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scapula.] (Anat.) The part
   of the scapula behind or below the spine, or mesoscapula.

                                 Postscapular

   Post*scap"u*lar  (?),  a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the postscapula;
   infraspinous.

                                  Postscenium

   Post*sce"ni*um  (?),  n. [L., fr. post + scena a scene.] The part of a
   theater behind the scenes; the back part of the stage of a theater.

                                  Postscribe

   Post*scribe"  (?),  v. t. [L. postscribere. See Postscript.] To make a
   postscript. [R.] T. Adams.

                                  Postscript

   Post"script  (?), n. [L. postscriptus, (assumed) p. p. of postscribere
   to  write  after; post after + scribere to write: cf. F. postscriptum.
   See  Post-,  and  Scribe.]  A  paragraph added to a letter after it is
   concluded  and  signed  by  the  writer; an addition made to a book or
   composition  after  the  main  body  of  the  work  has been finished,
   containing  something  omitted,  or  something  new  occurring  to the
   writer. [Abbrev. P. S.]

                                 Postscripted

   Post"script*ed, a. Having a postscript; added in a postscript. [R.] J.
   Q. Adams.

                                 Postscutellum

   Post`scu*tel"lum  (?),  n.  [NL. See Post-, and Scutellum.] (Zo\'94l.)
   The  hindermost  dorsal  piece  of a thoracic somite of an insect; the
   plate behind the scutellum.

                                 Postsphenoid

   Post*sphe"noid  (?),  a.  [Pref.  post-  +  sphenoid.]  (Anat.)  Of or
   pertaining to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone.

                                 Post-temporal

   Post-tem"po*ral  (?),  a.  [Pref.  post- + temporal.] (Anat.) Situated
   back  of  the  temporal  bone  or the temporal region of the skull; --
   applied  especially to a bone which usually connects the supraclavicle
   with  the  skull in the pectoral arch of fishes. -- n. A post-temporal
   bone.

                                 Posttertiary

   Post*ter"ti*a*ry  (?), a. [Pref. post- + tertiary.] (Geol.) Following,
   or more recent than, the Tertiary; Quaternary.

                                  Post-tragus

   Post"-tra`gus  (?),  n.  [NL.  See Post-, and Tragus.] (Anat.) A ridge
   within and behind the tragus in the ear of some animals.

                                 Post-tympanic

   Post`-tym*pan"ic  (?),  a.  [Pref. post- + tympanic.] (Anat.) Situated
   behind the tympanum, or in the skull, behind the auditory meatus.

                                   Postulant

   Pos"tu*lant  (?;  135), n. [F., fr. L. postulans, p. pr. of postulare.
   See Postulate.] One who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate.

                                   Postulate

   Pos"tu*late  (?),  n. [L. postulatum a demand, request, prop. p. p. of
   postulare  to  demand,  prob.  a  dim. of poscere to demand, prob. for
   porcscere;  akin  to G. forschen to search, investigate, Skr. prach to
   ask, and L. precari to pray: cf. F. postulat. See Pray.]

   1.   Something   demanded  or  asserted;  especially,  a  position  or
   supposition  assumed  without  proof,  or  one  which is considered as
   self-evident;  a  truth to which assent may be demanded or challenged,
   without argument or evidence.

   2.  (Geom.)  The enunciation of a self-evident problem, in distinction
   from an axiom, which is the enunciation of a self-evident theorem.

     The  distinction  between a postulate and an axiom lies in this, --
     that  the  latter  is admitted to be self-evident, while the former
     may be agreed upon between two reasoners, and admitted by both, but
     not as proposition which it would be impossible to deny. Eng. Cyc.

                                   Postulate

   Pos"tu*late, a. Postulated. [Obs.] Hudibras.

                                   Postulate

   Pos"tu*late  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Postulating.]

   1. To beg, or assume without proof; as, to postulate conclusions.

   2. To take without express consent; to assume.

     The  Byzantine  emperors  appear to have . . . postulated a sort of
     paramount supremacy over this nation. W. Tooke.

   3. To invite earnestly; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

                                  Postulated

   Pos"tu*la`ted   (?),  a.  Assumed  without  proof;  as,  a  postulated
   inference. Sir T. Browne.

                                  Postulation

   Pos`tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. postulatio: cf. F. postulation.] The act of
   postulating,  or  that  which is postulated; assumption; solicitation;
   suit; cause.

                                  Postulatory

   Pos"tu*la*to*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  postulatorius.]  Of  the  nature  of a
   postulate. Sir T. Browne.

                                  Postulatum

   Pos`tu*la"tum  (?),  n.;  pl.  Postulata (#). [L. See Postulate, n.] A
   postulate. Addison.

                                   Postumous

   Pos"tu*mous (?), a. See Posthumous. [R.]

                                   Postural

   Pos"tur*al (?; 135), a. Of or pertaining to posture.

                                    Posture

   Pos"ture  (?;  135),  n. [F., fr. L. positura, fr. ponere, positum, to
   place. See Position.]

   1.  The  position  of  the  body;  the situation or disposition of the
   several  parts  of  the  body  with  respect  to  each other, or for a
   particular  purpose;  especially (Fine Arts), the position of a figure
   with  regard  to  the  several  principal  members  by which action is
   expressed; attitude.

     Atalanta,  the posture of whose limbs was so lively expressed . . .
     one would have sworn the very picture had run. Sir P. Sidney.

     In most strange postures We have seen him set himself. Shak.

     The  posture  of  a poetic figure is a description of his heroes in
     the performance of such or such an action. Dryden.

   2. Place; position; situation. [Obs.] Milton.

     His [man's] noblest posture and station in this world. Sir M. Hale.

   3.  State  or  condition,  whether  of  external  circumstances, or of
   internal  feeling  and  will;  disposition;  mood;  as,  a  posture of
   defense; the posture of affairs.

     The several postures of his devout soul. Atterbury.

   Syn. -- Attitude; position. See Attitude.

                                    Posture

   Pos"ture  (?;  135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Posturing.]  To place in a particular position or attitude; to dispose
   the  parts  of, with reference to a particular purpose; as, to posture
   one's self; to posture a model. Howell.

                                    Posture

   Pos"ture, v. i.

   1.  To  assume  a  particular posture or attitude; to contort the body
   into  artificial  attitudes,  as an acrobat or contortionist; also, to
   pose.

   2. Fig.: To assume a character; as, to posture as a saint.

                                   Posturer

   Pos`tur*er (?), n. One who postures.

                               Postzygapophysis

   Post*zyg`a*poph"y*sis  (?),  n.;  pl.  Postzygapophyses  (#). [NL. See
   Post-, and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) A posterior zygapophysis.

                                     Posy

   Po"sy (?), n.; pl. Posies (#). [Contr. fr. poesy.]

   1.  A  brief poetical sentiment; hence, any brief sentiment, motto, or
   legend;  especially,  one  inscribed  on a ring. "The posy of a ring."
   Shak.

   2.  [Probably  so  called  from  the  use  of  flowers  as  having  an
   enigmatical  significance.  Wedgwood.] A flower; a bouquet; a nosegay.
   "Bridegroom's posies." Spenser.

     We  make  a difference between suffering thistles to grow among us,
     and wearing them for posies. Swift.

                                      Pot

   Pot  (?),  n.  [Akin to LG. pott, D. pot, Dan. potte, Sw. potta, Icel.
   pottr, F. pot; of unknown origin.]

   1.  A  metallic  or  earthen  vessel,  appropriated  to any of a great
   variety  of  uses,  as  for  boiling  meat  or vegetables, for holding
   liquids, for plants, etc.; as, a quart pot; a flower pot; a bean pot.

   2. An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug.

   3.  The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; as, a pot of ale. "Give
   her a pot and a cake." De Foe.

   4.  A  metal  or  earthenware  extension  of a flue above the top of a
   chimney; a chimney pot.

   5. A crucible; as, a graphite pot; a melting pot.

   6. A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc.

   7. A perforated cask for draining sugar. Knight.

   8. A size of paper. See Pott.
   Jack  pot. See under 2d Jack. -- Pot cheese, cottage cheese. See under
   Cottage.  --  Pot companion, a companion in drinking. -- Pot hanger, a
   pothook.  --  Pot  herb,  any  plant, the leaves or stems of which are
   boiled  for  food,  as  spinach,  lamb's-quarters,  purslane, and many
   others. -- Pot hunter, one who kills anything and everything that will
   help  to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or
   for  the  market. -- Pot metal. (a) The metal from which iron pots are
   made, different from common pig iron. (b) An alloy of copper with lead
   used  for  making large vessels for various purposes in the arts. Ure.
   (c) A kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with
   the  melted  glass  in the pot. Knight. -- Pot plant (Bot.), either of
   the trees which bear the monkey-pot. -- Pot wheel (Hydraul.), a noria.
   --  To  go  to  pot,  to  go  to  destruction;  to  come  to an end of
   usefulness; to become refuse. [Colloq.] Dryden. J. G. Saxe.

                                      Pot

   Pot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potted; p. pr. & vb. n. Potting.] To place or
   inclose  in  pots;  as: (a) To preserve seasoned in pots. "Potted fowl
   and  fish." Dryden. (b) To set out or cover in pots; as, potted plants
   or  bulbs.  (c)  To  drain;  as,  to  pot sugar, by taking it from the
   cooler,  and  placing  it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads,
   through  which the molasses drains off. B. Edwards. (d) (Billiards) To
   pocket.

                                      Pot

   Pot, v. i. To tipple; to drink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

     It is less labor to plow than to pot it. Feltham.

                                    Potable

   Po"ta*ble  (?), a. [F., fr. L. potabilis, fr. potare to drink; akin to
   Gr.  po`tos a drinking, po`sis a drink, Skr. p\'be to drink, OIr. ibim
   I  drink. Cf. Poison, Bib, Imbibe.] Fit to be drunk; drinkable. "Water
   fresh and potable." Bacon. -- n. A potable liquid; a beverage. "Useful
   in potables." J. Philips.

                                  Potableness

   Po"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being drinkable.

                                    Potage

   Pot"age (?; 48), n. See Pottage.

                                    Potager

   Pot"a*ger  (?),  n.  [F.  fr.  potage  soup, porridge. See Pottage.] A
   porringer. [Obs.] Grew.

                                    Potagro

   Po*tag"ro (?), n. See Potargo.

                                    Potale

   Pot"ale`  (?),  n.  The refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten
   swine.

                                   Potamian

   Po*ta"mi*an  (?),  n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A river tortoise; one of a group
   of tortoises (Potamites, or Trionychoidea) having a soft shell, webbed
   feet, and a sharp beak. See Trionyx.

                                 Potamography

   Pot`a*mog"ra*phy  (?),  n. [Gr. -graphy.] An account or description of
   rivers; potamology.

                                  Potamology

   Pot`a*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A scientific account or discussion
   of rivers; a treatise on rivers; potamography.

                               Potamospongi\'91

   Pot`a*mo*spon"gi*\'91  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  The
   fresh-water sponges. See Spongilla.

                                    Potance

   Po"tance  (?),  n.  [F. potence. See Potence, Potency.] (Watch Making)
   The  stud  in  which  the  bearing for the lower pivot of the verge is
   made.

                                    Potargo

   Po*tar"go (?), n. [Cf. Botargo.] A kind of sauce or pickle. King.

                                    Potash

   Pot"ash`  (?),  n. [Pot + ash.] (Chem.) (a) The hydroxide of potassium
   hydrate,  a  hard  white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic
   and  alkaline properties; -- hence called also caustic potash. (b) The
   impure  potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as
   a strong solution (lye), or as a white crystalline (pearlash).

                                   Potashes

   Pot"ash`es (?), n. pl. (Chem.) Potash. [Obs.]

                                    Potassa

   Po*tas"sa  (?),  n. [NL., fr. E. potash.] (Chem.) (a) Potassium oxide.
   [Obs.] (b) Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash.

                                  Potassamide

   Pot`ass*am"ide  (?), n. [Potassium + amide.] (Chem.) A yellowish brown
   substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia.

                                   Pottassic

   Pot*tas"sic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, potassium.

                                   Potassium

   Po*tas"si*um  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Potassa, Potash.] (Chem.) An Alkali
   element, occurring abundantly but always combined, as in the chloride,
   sulphate,  carbonate,  or  silicate, in the minerals sylvite, kainite,
   orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight 39.0. Symbol K (Kalium).

     NOTE: &hand; It  is  re duced fr om th e ca rbonate as a soft white
     metal,  lighter  than  water,  which  oxidizes  with  the  greatest
     readiness,  and,  to  be  preserved,  must  be  kept  under  liquid
     hydrocarbons,  as  naphtha  or  kerosene.  Its  compounds  are very
     important, being used in glass making, soap making, in fertilizers,
     and in many drugs and chemicals.

   Potassium  permanganate,  the  salt  KMnO4,  crystallizing in dark red
   prisms having a greenish surface color, and dissolving in water with a
   beautiful  purple  red color; -- used as an oxidizer and disinfectant.
   The  name  chameleon  mineral  is  applied  to  this  salt and also to
   potassium  manganate.  --  Potassium  bitartrate. See Cream of tartar,
   under Cream.

                                  Potassoxyl

   Pot`ass*ox"yl  (?), n. [Potassium + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical
   KO,  derived  from,  and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and
   other compounds.

                                   Potation

   Po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. potatio, fr. potare. See Potable.]

   1. The act of drinking. Jer. Taylor.

   2. A draught. "Potations pottle deep." Shak.

   3. Drink; beverage. "Thin potations." Shak.

                                    Potato

   Po*ta"to  (?),  n.; pl. Potatoes (#). [Sp. patata potato, batata sweet
   potato,  from  the  native  American name (probably batata) in Hayti.]
   (Bot.)  (a)  A plant (Solanum tuberosum) of the Nightshade family, and
   its  esculent farinaceous tuber, of which there are numerous varieties
   used  for  food.  It  is  native  of  South America, but a form of the
   species  is  found  native  as  far north as New Mexico. (b) The sweet
   potato (see below). Potato beetle, Potato bug. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beetle
   (Doryphora  decemlineata)  which  feeds,  both in the larval and adult
   stages,  upon  the  leaves  of  the  potato, often doing great damage.
   Called  also  Colorado  potato  beetle,  and  Doryphora.  See Colorado
   beetle.  (b)  The  Lema trilineata, a smaller and more slender striped
   beetle  which  feeds  upon the potato plant, bur does less injury than
   the  preceding  species.  -- Potato fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of several
   species  of  blister  beetles  infesting  the  potato  vine. The black
   species  (Lytta  atrata),  the  striped (L. vittata), and the gray (L.
   cinerea,  OR  Fabricii) are the most common. See Blister beetle, under
   Blister.  --  Potato  rot,  a  disease  of  the  tubers of the potato,
   supposed to be caused by a kind of mold (Peronospora infestans), which
   is  first seen upon the leaves and stems. -- Potato weevil (Zo\'94l.),
   an  American  weevil  (Baridius  trinotatus)  whose larva lives in and
   kills  the stalks of potato vines, often causing serious damage to the
   crop.  --  Potato  whisky, a strong, fiery liquor, having a hot, smoky
   taste,  and rich in amyl alcohol (fusel oil); it is made from potatoes
   or  potato starch. -- Potato worm (Zo\'94l.), the large green larva of
   a  sphinx,  or  hawk  moth (Macrosila quinquemaculata); -- called also
   tomato  worm.  See  Illust.  under  Tomato.  -- Seaside potato (Bot.),
   Ipom\'d2a  Pes-Capr\'91,  a  kind  of  morning-glory  with rounded and
   emarginate  or bilobed leaves. [West Indies] -- Sweet potato (Bot.), a
   climbing  plant  (Ipom\'d2a  Balatas) allied to the morning-glory. Its
   farinaceous  tubers  have a sweetish taste, and are used, when cooked,
   for  food.  It  is  probably  a  native  of  Brazil, but is cultivated
   extensively  in  the  warmer parts of every continent, and even as far
   north  as New Jersey. The name potato was applied to this plant before
   it  was  to  the  Solanum  tuberosum,  and this is the "potato" of the
   Southern  United  States. -- Wild potato. (Bot.) (a) A vine (Ipom\'d2a
   pandurata)  having  a pale purplish flower and an enormous root. It is
   common  in  sandy  places in the United States. (b) A similar tropical
   American  plant  (I. fastigiata) which it is thought may have been the
   original stock of the sweet potato.

                                    Potator

   Po*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] A drinker. [R.] Southey.

                                   Potatory

   Po"ta*to*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  potatorius,  from  potare to drink.] Of or
   pertaining to drinking. Ld. Lytton.

                                  Pot-bellied

   Pot"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a protuberant belly, like the bottom of a
   pot.

                                   Pot-belly

   Pot"-bel`ly (?), n. A protuberant belly.

                                   Potboiler

   Pot"boil`er  (?),  n.  A  term  applied  derisively to any literary or
   artistic  work,  and  esp.  a  painting, done simply for money and the
   means of living. [Cant]

                                    Potboy

   Pot"boy`  (?),  n. A boy who carries pots of ale, beer, etc.; a menial
   in a public house.

                                     Potch

   Potch  (?),  v.  i. [Cf. Poach to stab.] To thrust; to push. [Obs.] "I
   'll potch at him some way." Shak.

                                     Potch

   Potch, v. t. See Poach, to cook. [Obs.] Wiseman.

                                    Potcher

   Potch"er  (?),  n.  One  who,  or  that which, potches. Potcher engine
   (Paper  Making),  a  machine  in  which  washed  rags are stirred in a
   bleaching solution.

                                   Potecary

   Pot"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.]

                                    Poteen

   Po*teen"  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Ir.  potaim, poitim, I drink, poitin a small
   pot.]  Whisky;  especially,  whisky  illicitly  distilled by the Irish
   peasantry. [Written also potheen, and potteen.]

                                    Potelot

   Po"te*lot  (?),  n.  [F.,;  cf.  G. pottloth black lead.] (Old Chem. &
   Min.) Molybdenum sulphide.

                                    Potence

   Po"tence  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  LL.  potentia staff, crutch, L., might,
   power. See Potency.] Potency; capacity. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.
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   Page 1121

                                    Potency

   Po"ten*cy  (?),  n.  [L.  potentia,  from  potens, -entis, potent. See
   Potent,  and cf. Potance, Potence, Puissance.] The quality or state of
   being  potent;  physical  or  moral  power; inherent strength; energy;
   ability  to  effect a purpose; capability; efficacy; influence. "Drugs
   of potency." Hawthorne.

     A place of potency and away o' the state. Shak.

                                    Potent

   Po"tent  (?),  a.  [L.  potens, -entis, p. pr. of posse to be able, to
   have power, fr. potis able, capable (akin to Skr. pati master, lord) +
   esse  to  be.  See  Host  a  landlord,  Am,  and  cf. Despot, Podesta,
   Possible, Power, Puissant.]

   1.  Producing great physical effects; forcible; powerful' efficacious;
   as, a potent medicine. "Harsh and potent injuries." Shak.

     Moses once more his potent rod extends. Milton.

   2.  Having  great  authority,  control, or dominion; puissant; mighty;
   influential; as, a potent prince. "A potent dukedom." Shak.

     Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors. Shak.

   3.   Powerful,  in  an  intellectual  or  moral  sense;  having  great
   influence; as, potent interest; a potent argument.
   Cross  potent.  (Her.)  See  Illust.  (7)  of Cross. Syn. -- Powerful;
   mighty;  puissant;  strong;  able;  efficient;  forcible; efficacious;
   cogent; influential.
   
                                    Potent
                                       
   Po"tent, n. 

   1. A prince; a potentate. [Obs.] Shak.

   2. [See Potence.] A staff or crutch. [Obs.]

   3.  (Her.)  One  of  the furs; a surface composed of patches which are
   supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately argent
   and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned.
   Counter  potent (Her.), a fur differing from potent in the arrangement
   of the patches.

                                   Potentacy

   Po"ten*ta*cy (?), n. [See Potentate.] Sovereignty. [Obs.]

                                   Potentate

   Po"ten*tate  (?), n. [LL. potentatus, fr. potentare to exercise power:
   cf.  F. potentat. See Potent, a.] One who is potent; one who possesses
   great power or sway; a prince, sovereign, or monarch.

     The blessed and only potentate. 1 Tim. vi. 15.

     Cherub and seraph, potentates and thrones. Milton.

                                   Potential

   Po*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. potentiel. See Potency.]

   1.   Being   potent;   endowed  with  energy  adequate  to  a  result;
   efficacious;  influential.  [Obs.]  "And  hath  in  his effect a voice
   potential." Shak.

   2.  Existing  in  possibility,  not  in actuality. "A potential hero."
   Carlyle.

     Potential existence means merely that the thing may be at ome time;
     actual existence, that it now is. Sir W. Hamilton.

   Potential cautery. See under Cautery. -- Potential energy. (Mech.) See
   the  Note  under Energy. -- Potential mood, OR mode (Gram.), that form
   of  the  verb  which  is  used to express possibility, liberty, power,
   will,  obligation,  or necessity, by the use of may, can, must, might,
   could, would, or should; as, I may go; he can write.
   
                                   Potential
                                       
   Po*ten"tial, n.
   
   1. Anything that may be possible; a possibility; potentially. Bacon.
   
   2.  (Math.) In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in
   space,  a  function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the
   position  of  a  point,  such  that its differential coefficients with
   respect to the co\'94rdinates are equal to the components of the force
   at  the  point considered; -- also called potential function, or force
   function.  It  is  called  also  Newtonian potential when the force is
   directed  to  a  fixed  center  and  is inversely as the square of the
   distance from the center.
   
   3. (Elec.) The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to
   do  work;  hence,  the  degree  of electrification as referred to some
   standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force.
   
                                 Potentiality
                                       
   Po*ten`ti*al"i*ty  (?),  n.  The  quality or state of being potential;
   possibility,  not  actuality;  inherent capability or disposition, not
   actually exhibited.
   
                                  Potentially
                                       
   Po*ten"tial*ly (?), adv.
   
   1. With power; potently. [Obs.]
   
   2. In a potential manner; possibly, not positively.
   
     The duration of human souls is only potentially infinite. Bentley.
     
                                  Potentiate
                                       
   Po*ten"ti*ate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentiated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Potentiating.] To render active or potent. Coleridge.
   
                                 Potentiometer
                                       
   Po*ten`ti*om"e*ter (?), n. [Potential + -meter.] (Elec.) An instrument
   for  measuring  or  comparing  electrial  potentials or electro-motive
   forces.
   
                                   Potentize
                                       
   Po"ten*tize  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Potentized; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Potentizing.]  To  render  the  latent  power of (anything) available.
   Dunglison.
   
                                   Potently
                                       
   Po"tent*ly   (?),   adv.  With  great  force  or  energy;  powerfully;
   efficaciously. "You are potently opposed." Shak.
   
                                  Potentness
                                       
   Po"tent*ness,  n.  The quality or state of being potent; powerfulness;
   potency; efficacy.
   
                                   Potestate
                                       
   Po"tes*tate  (?),  n.  A  chief ruler; a potentate. [Obs.] Wyclif. "An
   irous potestate." Chaucer.
   
                                  Potestative
                                       
   Po*tes"ta*tive  (?),  a.  [L. potestativus, fr. potestas power: cf. F.
   potestatif. See Potent.] Authoritative. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.
   
                                    Potgun
                                       
   Pot"gun` (?), n. 

   1.  A  pot-shaped  cannon; a mortar. [Obs.] "Twelve potguns of brass."
   Hakluyt.

   2. A popgun. [Obs.] Swift.

                                   Pothecary

   Poth"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.]

                                    Potheen

   Po*theen" (?), n. See Poteen.

                                    Pother

   Poth"er  (?),  n.  [Cf.  D.  peuteren  to  rummage,  poke. Cf. Potter,
   Pudder.]  Bustle;  confusion;  tumult;  flutter; bother. [Written also
   potter, and pudder.] "What a pother and stir!" Oldham. "Coming on with
   a terrible pother." Wordsworth.

                                    Pother

   Poth"er, v. i. To make a bustle or stir; to be fussy.

                                    Pother

   Poth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pothering.]
   To harass and perplex; to worry. "Pothers and wearies himself." Locke.

                                    Pothole

   Pot"hole`  (?),  n. A circular hole formed in the rocky beds of rivers
   by  the grinding action of stones or gravel whirled round by the water
   in what was at first a natural depression of the rock.

                                    Pothook

   Pot"hook` (?), n.

   1.  An  [DEL:  -shaped hook on which pots and kettles are hung over an
   open fire. :DEL]

   2.  A  written  character  curved  like  a  pothook;  (pl.) a scrawled
   writing.  "I  long  to  be  spelling her Arabic scrawls and pothooks."
   Dryden.

                                   Pothouse

   Pot"house` (?), n. An alehouse. T. Warton.

                          Potichomania, Potichomanie

   Po`ti*cho*ma"ni*a  (?),  Po`ti*cho*ma"nie  (?),  n.  [F. potichomanie;
   potiche a porcelain vase + manie mania.] The art or process of coating
   the  inside  of  glass  vessels with engravings or paintings, so as to
   give them the appearance of painted ware.

                                    Potion

   Po"tion  (?),  n.  [L. potio, from potare to drink: cf. F. potion. See
   Poison.]  A  draught;  a  dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid
   medicine. Shak.

                                    Potion

   Po"tion (?), v. t. To drug. [Obs.] Speed.

                                    Potlid

   Pot"lid`  (?),  n.  The  lid  or cover of a pot. Potlid valve, a valve
   covering  a round hole or the end of a pipe or pump barrel, resembling
   a potlid in form.

                                    Potluck

   Pot"luck`  (?),  n.  Whatever  may  chance to be in the pot, or may be
   provided for a meal.

     A woman whose potluck was always to be relied on. G. Eliot.

   To take potluck, to take what food may chance to be provided.

                                    Potman

   Pot"man (?), n.; pl. Potmen (.

   1. A pot companion. [Obs.] Life of A. Wood (1663).

   2. A servant in a public house; a potboy.

                                     Potoo

   Po*too"   (?),   n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  large  South  American  goatsucker
   (Nyctibius grandis).

                                    Potoroo

   Po`to*roo"   (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  small  kangaroo  belonging  to
   Hypsiprymnus,  Bettongia,  and  allied genera, native of Australia and
   Tasmania. Called also kangaroo rat.

                                    Potpie

   Pot"pie` (?), n. A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.

                                   Potpourri

   Pot`pour`ri"  (?),  n.  [F., fr. pot pot + pourri, p. p. of pourrir to
   rot, L. putrere. Cf. Olla-podrida.] A medley or mixture. Specifically:
   (a)  A  ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc.,
   cooked  together.  (b) A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and
   spices,  used  to  scent  a  room.  (c)  A  piece  of music made up of
   different  airs  strung  together; a medley. (d) A literary production
   composed   of   parts  brought  together  without  order  or  bond  of
   connection.

                                 Potsdam group

   Pots"dam group` (. (Geol.) A subdivision of the Primordial or Cambrian
   period in American geology; -- so named from the sandstone of Potsdam,
   New York. See Chart of Geology.

                              Potshard, Potshare

   Pot"shard` (?), Pot"share` (?), n. A potsherd. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                   Potsherd

   Pot"sherd`  (?),  n.  [Pot + sherd or shard.] A piece or fragment of a
   broken pot. Job ii. 8.

                                   Potstone

   Pot"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A variety of steatite sometimes manufactured
   into culinary vessels.

                                    Potsure

   Pot"*sure` (?), a. Made confident by drink. [Obs.]

                                     Pott

   Pott (?), n. A size of paper. See under Paper.

                                    Pottage

   Pot"tage  (?;  48),  n.  [F.  potage,  fr.  pot  pot. See Pot, and cf.
   Porridge,  Porringer.]  A  kind  of food made by boiling vegetables or
   meat,  or  both  together,  in  water,  until  soft;  a  thick soup or
   porridge. [Written also potage.] Chaucer.

     Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils. Gen. xxv. 34.

                                    Pottain

   Pot"tain (?), n. Old pot metal. [Obs.] Holland.

                                    Potteen

   Pot*teen" (?), n. See Poteen.

                                    Potter

   Pot"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. potier.]

   1. One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels. Ps. ii. 9.

     The potter heard, and stopped his wheel. Longfellow.

   2. One who hawks crockery or earthenware. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.

   3. One who pots meats or other eatables.

   4. (Zo\'94l.) The red-bellied terrapin. See Terrapin.
   Potter's  asthma  (Med.), emphysema of the lungs; -- so called because
   very  prevalent  among  potters.  Parkers. -- Potter's clay. See under
   Clay.  -- Potter's field, a public burial place, especially in a city,
   for  paupers,  unknown  persons,  and  criminals; -- so named from the
   field  south  of  Jerusalem,  mentioned in Matt. xxvii. 7. -- Potter's
   ore.  See  Alquifou. -- Potter's wheel, a horizontal revolving disk on
   which  the  clay  is  molded  into  form  with the hands or tools. "My
   thoughts  are  whirled  like  a  potter's  wheel."  Shak.  Potter wasp
   (Zo\'94l.), a small solitary wasp (Eumenes fraternal) which constructs
   a  globular nest of mud and sand in which it deposits insect larv\'91,
   such as cankerworms, as food for its young.

                                    Potter

   Pot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pottering.]
   [Cf.  W.  pwtio  to poke, or OD. poteren to search one thoroughly, Sw.
   p\'86ta, peta, to pick, E. pother, put.]

   1.  To  busy  one's  self  with trifles; to labor with little purpose,
   energy, of effect; to trifle; to pother.<-- = putter. A reverse ref at
   putter, but no forward ref here! -->

     Pottering about the Mile End cottages. Mrs. Humphry Ward.

   2. To walk lazily or idly; to saunter.

                                    Potter

   Pot"ter,  v.  t.  To  poke;  to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to
   bother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

                                    Pottern

   Pot"tern  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to potters. Pottern ore, a species
   of ore which, from its aptness to vitrify like the glazing of potter's
   wares, the miners call by this name. Boyle.

                                    Pottery

   Pot"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Potteries (#). [F. poterie, fr. pot. See Pot.]

   1. The vessels or ware made by potters; earthenware, glazed and baked.

   2. The place where earthen vessels are made.

                                    Potting

   Pot"ting (?), n.

   1. Tippling. [Obs.] Shak.

   2. The act of placing in a pot; as, the potting of plants; the potting
   of meats for preservation.

   3.  The  process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining.
   [West Indies] B. Edwards.

                                    Pottle

   Pot"tle (?), n. [OE. potel, OF. potel, dim. of pot. See Pot.]

   1. A liquid measure of four pints.

   2. A pot or tankard. Shak.

     A dry pottle of sack before him. Sir W. Scott.

   3. A vessel or small basket for holding fruit.

     He had a . . . pottle of strawberries in one hand. Dickens.

   Pottle  draught,  taking  a  pottle  of liquor at one draught. [ Prov.
   Eng.] Halliwell.

                                     Potto

   Pot"to  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A nocturnal mammal (Perodictius potto)
   of  the  Lemur  family,  found  in  West  Africa.  It  has rudimentary
   forefingers. Called also aposoro, and bush dog. (b) The kinkajou.

                                Pott's disease

   Pott's"  dis*ease"  (?).  (Med.) Caries of the vertebr\'91, frequently
   resulting  in  curvature  of  the  spine  and  paralysis  of the lower
   extremities;  --  so  named  from  Percival  Pott, an English surgeon.
   Pott's  fracture,  a  fracture  of  the  lower end of the fibula, with
   displacement of the tibia. Dunglison.

                                   Potulent

   Pot"u*lent  (?),  a.  [L. potulentus, fr. potus a drinking, drink, fr.
   potare to drink.]

   1. Fit to drink; potable. [Obs.] Johnson.

   2. Nearly drunk; tipsy. [Obs.]

                                  Pot-valiant

   Pot"-val`iant (?), a. Having the courage given by drink. Smollett.

                                 Pot-walloper

   Pot"-wal`lop*er (?), n.

   1.  A  voter in certain boroughs of England, where, before the passage
   of the reform bill of 1832, the qualification for suffrage was to have
   boiled (walloped) his own pot in the parish for six months.

   2. One who cleans pots; a scullion. [Slang, U. S.]

                                     Pouch

   Pouch  (?),  n.  [F.  poche a pocket, pouch, bag; probably of Teutonic
   origin. See Poke a bag, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder.]

   1. A small bag; usually, a leathern bag; as, a pouch for money; a shot
   pouch; a mail pouch, etc.

   2.  That  which  is  shaped  like,  or  used  as,  a  pouch; as: (a) A
   protuberant  belly; a paunch; -- so called in ridicule. (b) (Zo\'94l.)
   A  sac  or  bag  for  carrying food or young; as, the cheek pouches of
   certain rodents, and the pouch of marsupials. (c) (Med.) A cyst or sac
   containing  fluid. S. Sharp. (d) (Bot.) A silicle, or short pod, as of
   the  shepherd's  purse.  (e)  A  bulkhead  in the hold of a vessel, to
   prevent grain, etc., from shifting.
   Pouch mouth, a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips.

                                     Pouch

   Pouch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pouched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouching.]

   1. To put or take into a pouch.

   2. To swallow; -- said of fowls. Derham.

   3. To pout. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

   4. To pocket; to put up with. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

                                    Pouched

   Pouched  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  Having  a marsupial pouch; as, the
   pouched  badger, or the wombat. (b) Having external cheek pouches; as,
   the pouched gopher. (c) Having internal cheek pouches; as, the pouched
   squirrels.  Pouched  dog.  (Zo\'94l.)  See Zebra wolf, under Zebra. --
   Pouched  frog  (Zo\'94l.),  the  nototrema,  the female of which has a
   dorsal  pouch  in  which  the eggs are hatched, and in which the young
   pass  through their brief tadpole stage. -- Pouched gopher, OR Pouched
   rat.  (Zo\'94l.)  See  Pocket  gopher, under Pocket. -- Pouched mouse.
   (Zo\'94l.) See Pocket mouse, under Pocket.

                                  Pouchet box

   Pou"chet box` (?). See Pouncet box.

                                 Pouch-mouthed

   Pouch"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a pouch mouth; blobber-lipped.

                                   Pouchong

   Pou*chong" (?), n. A superior kind of souchong tea. De Colange.

                                  Pouch-shell

   Pouch"-shell`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A small British and American pond
   snail (Bulinus hypnorum).

                                    Poudre

   Pou"dre  (?),  n.  [See  Powder.] Dust; powder. [Obs.] Chaucer. Poudre
   marchant [see Merchant], a kind of flavoring powder used in the Middle
   Ages. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Poudrette

   Pou*drette"  (?),  n. [F., dim. of poudre dust, powder. See Powder.] A
   manure  made  from  night soil, dried and mixed with charcoal, gypsum,
   etc.

                                   Poulaine

   Pou*laine" (?), n. [F. soulier \'85 la poulaine.] A long pointed shoe.
   See Cracowes.

                                   Pouldavis

   Poul"da`vis (?), n. Same as Poledavy. [Obs.]

                                    Poulder

   Poul"der (?), n. & v. Powder. [Obs.]

                                   Pouldron

   Poul"dron (?), n. See Pauldron.

                                 Poulp, Poulpe

   Poulp,  Poulpe  (?),  n.  [F.  poulpe,  fr.  L.  polypus.  See Polyp.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  Same  as  Octopus.  Musk poulp (Zo\'94l.), a Mediterranean
   octopod (Eledone moschata) which emits a strong odor of musk.

                                     Poult

   Poult  (?), n. [OF. pulte, F. poulet, dim. of poule fowl. See Pullet.]
   A young chicken, partridge, grouse, or the like. King. Chapman.

     Starling the heath poults or black game. R. Jefferise.

                                    Poulter

   Poul"ter (?), n. [OE. pulter. See Poult.] A poulterer. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Poulterer

   Poul"ter*er (?), n. One who deals in poultry.

                                   Poultice

   Poul"tice  (?),  n.  [L.  puls,  pl.  pultes, a thick pap; akin to Gr.
   po`ltos. Cf. Pulse seeds.] A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a
   mucilaginous  substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the
   body, etc.; a cataplasm. "Poultice relaxeth the pores." Bacon.

                                   Poultice

   Poul"tice,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Poulticed  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Poulticing (?).] To apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice.

                                   Poultive

   Poul"tive (?), n. A poultice. [Obs.] W. Temple.

                                    Poultry

   Poul"try (?), n. [From Poult.] Domestic fowls reared for the table, or
   for  their  eggs or feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys,
   ducks, and geese.

                                    Pounce

   Pounce  (?), n. [F. ponce pumice, pounce, fr. L. pumex, -icis, pumice.
   See Pumice.]

   1. A fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, -- formerly used
   to prevent ink from spreading on manuscript.
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   Page 1122

   2.  Charcoal  dust,  or  some other colored powder for making patterns
   through perforated designs, -- used by embroiderers, lace makers, etc.
   Pounce   box,  a  box  for  sprinkling  pounce.  --  Pounce  paper,  a
   transparent paper for tracing.

                                    Pounce

   Pounce  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouncing
   (?).]  To  sprinkle  or  rub  with  pounce;  as, to pounce paper, or a
   pattern.

                                    Pounce

   Pounce,  n.  [Prob.  through  French, from an assumed LL. punctiare to
   prick, L. pungere, punctum. See Puncheon, Punch, v. t.]

   1. The claw or talon of a bird of prey. Spenser. Burke.

   2. A punch or stamp. [Obs.] "A pounce to print money with." Withals.

   3. Cloth worked in eyelet holes. [Obs.] Homilies.

                                    Pounce

   Pounce, v. t.

   1.  To strike or seize with the talons; to pierce, as with the talons.
   [Archaic]

     Stooped from his highest pitch to pounce a wren. Cowper.

     Now pounce him lightly, And as he roars and rages, let's go deeper.
     J. Fletcher.

   2.  To  punch;  to perforate; to stamp holes in, or dots on, by way of
   ornament. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

                                    Pounce

   Pounce, v. i. To fall suddenly and seize with the claws; -- with on or
   upon; as, a hawk pounces upon a chicken. Also used figuratively.

     Derision is never so agonizing as when it pounces on the wanderings
     of misguided sensibility. Jeffrey.

                                    Pounced

   Pounced (?), a.

   1. Furnished with claws or talons; as, the pounced young of the eagle.
   Thomson.

   2.  Ornamented  with  perforations or dots. [Obs.] "Gilt bowls pounced
   and pierced." Holinshed.

                                  Pouncet box

   Poun"cet  box`  (?).  [Cf. F. poncette, fr. ponce pounce. See Pounce a
   powder.]  A  box  with a perforated lid, for sprinkling pounce, or for
   holding perfumes. Shak.

                                   Pouncing

   Poun"cing (?), n.

   1. The art or practice of transferring a design by means of pounce.

   2. Decorative perforation of cloth. [Obs.]

                                     Pound

   Pound  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Pounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pounding.]
   [OE. pounen, AS. punian to bruise. Cf. Pun a play on words.]

   1. To strike repeatedly with some heavy instrument; to beat.

     With cruel blows she pounds her blubbered cheeks. Dryden.

   2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine
   particles  with a pestle or other heavy instrument; as, to pound spice
   or salt.

                                     Pound

   Pound, v. i.

   1. To strike heavy blows; to beat.

   2.  (Mach.)  To  make  a  jarring noise, as in running; as, the engine
   pounds.

                                     Pound

   Pound,  n.  [AS.  pund an inclosure: cf. forpyndan to turn away, or to
   repress,  also  Icel. pynda to extort, torment, Ir. pont, pond, pound.
   Cf. Pinder, Pinfold, Pin to inclose, Pond.]

   1.  An  inclosure,  maintained by public authority, in which cattle or
   other animals are confined when taken in trespassing, or when going at
   large in violation of law; a pinfold. Shak.

   2. A level stretch in a canal between locks.

   3.  (Fishing)  A  kind  of net, having a large inclosure with a narrow
   entrance into which fish are directed by wings spreading outward.
   Pound  covert,  a  pound  that is close or covered over, as a shed. --
   Pound overt, a pound that is open overhead.

                                     Pound

   Pound, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a pound; to impound. Milton.

                                     Pound

   Pound, n; pl. Pounds (#), collectively Pound pr Pounds. [AS. pund, fr.
   L. pondo, akin to pondus a weight, pendere top weigh. See Pendant.]

   1. A certain specified weight; especially, a legal standard consisting
   of an established number of ounces.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e po und in general use in the United States and in
     England  is  the  pound  avoirdupois, which is divided into sixteen
     ounces,  and  contains 7,000 grains. The pound troy is divided into
     twelve  ounces,  and  contains 5,760 grains. 144 pounds avoirdupois
     are equal to 175 pounds troy weight. See Avoirdupois, and Troy.

   2.  A  British  denomination of money of account, equivalent to twenty
   shillings  sterling,  and  equal  in value to about $4.86. There is no
   coin known by this name, but the gold sovereign is of the same value.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e po und st erling wa s in Saxon times, about A. D.
     671, a pound troy of silver, and a shilling was its twentieth part;
     consequently  the  latter  was  three  times  as  large as it is at
     present.

   Peacham.

                                   Poundage

   Pound"age (?), n.

   1.  A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid for each pound;
   a commission.

   2.  A  subsidy  of  twelve pence in the pound, formerly granted to the
   crown  on  all  goods  exported  or  imported, and if by aliens, more.
   [Eng.] Blackstone.

   3. (Law) The sum allowed to a sheriff or other officer upon the amount
   realized by an execution; -- estimated in England, and formerly in the
   United States, at so much of the pound. Burrill. Bouvier.

                                   Poundage

   Pound"age,  v.  t.  To  collect,  as  poundage; to assess, or rate, by
   poundage. [R.]

                                   Poundage

   Pound"age, n. [See 3d Pound.]

   1. Confinement of cattle, or other animals, in a public pound.

   2. A charge paid for the release of impounded cattle.

                                    Poundal

   Pound"al  (?),  n. [From 5th Pound.] (Physics & Mech.) A unit of force
   based  upon the pound, foot, and second, being the force which, acting
   on  a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes it to acquire by the of
   that  time a velocity of one foot per second. It is about equal to the
   weight of half an ounce, and is 13,825 dynes.

                                 Pound-breach

   Pound"-breach`  (?),  n.  The breaking of a public pound for releasing
   impounded animals. Blackstone.

                                   Poundcake

   Pound"cake`  (?), n. A kind of rich, sweet cake; -- so called from the
   ingredients being used by pounds, or in equal quantities.

                                    Pounder

   Pound"er (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, pounds, as a stamp in an ore mill.

   2. An instrument used for pounding; a pestle.

   3.  A person or thing, so called with reference to a certain number of
   pounds  in  value,  weight,  capacity,  etc.;  as, a cannon carrying a
   twelve-pound ball is called a twelve pounder.

     NOTE: &hand; Be fore the English reform act of 1867, one who was an
     elector  by  virtue  of  paying  ten  pounds  rent was called a ten
     pounder.

                                   Pounding

   Pound"ing (?), n.

   1. The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a beating.

   2. A pounded or pulverized substance. [R.] "Covered with the poundings
   of these rocks." J. S. Blackie.

                                 Pound/keeper

   Pound/keep`er (?), n. The keeper of a pound.

                                   Poundrate

   Pound"*rate`  (?),  n.  A  rate  or  proportion estimated at a certain
   amount for each pound; poundage.

                                     Poup

   Poup (?), v. i. See Powp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                              Poupart's ligament

   Pou*part's"  lig"a*ment (?). (Anat.) A ligament, of fascia, extending,
   in  most  mammals,  from  the  ventral  side  of the ilium to near the
   symphysis of the pubic bones.

                                   Poupeton

   Pou"pe*ton  (?),  n.  [See  Puppet.]  A puppet, or little baby. [Obs.]
   Palsgrave.

                                     Pour

   Pour (?), a. Poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pour

   Pour (?), v. i. To pore. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pour

   Pour  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Poured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouring.]
   [OE.  pouren,  of  uncertain origin; cf. W. bwrw to cast, throw, shed,
   bwrw gwlaw to rain.]

   1.  To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or anything flowing like
   a  liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as, to pour water from a
   pail;  to  pour  wine into a decanter; to pour oil upon the waters; to
   pour out sand or dust.

   2.  To  send  forth  as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape
   freely or wholly.

     I . . . have poured out my soul before the Lord. 1 Sam. i. 15.

     Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee. Ezek. vii. 8.

     London doth pour out her citizens ! Shak.

     Wherefore  did  Nature pour her bounties forth With such a full and
     unwithdrawing hand ? Milton.

   3. To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly.

     Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat ? Pope.

                                     Pour

   Pour,  v.  i.  To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to
   fall  continuously  and  abundantly;  as,  the  rain pours; the people
   poured out of the theater.

     In the rude throng pour on with furious pace. Gay.

                                     Pour

   Pour,  n.  A stream, or something like a stream; a flood. [Colloq.] "A
   pour of rain." Miss Ferrier.

                                  Poureliche

   Poure"liche` (?), adv. Poorly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Pourer

   Pour"er (?), n. One who pours.

                                   Pourlieu

   Pour"lieu (?), n. See Purlieu.

                                  Pourparler

   Pour`par`ler" (?), n. [F.] (Diplomacy) A consultation preliminary to a
   treaty.

                                   Pourparty

   Pour`par"ty  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pourparties  (#). [See Purparty.] (Law) A
   division;  a divided share. To make pourparty, to divide and apportion
   lands previously held in common.

                                   Pourpoint

   Pour"point (?), n. [F.] A quilted military doublet or gambeson worn in
   the  14th and 15th centuries; also, a name for the doublet of the 16th
   and 17th centuries worn by civilians.

                                 Pourpresture

   Pour*pres"ture (?; 135), n. (Law) See Purpresture.

                                  Poursuivant

   Pour"sui*vant (?), n. See Pursuivant.

                                   Pourtray

   Pour*tray" (?), v. t. See Portray.

                                  Pourveyance

   Pour*vey"ance (?), n. See Purveyance.

                                    Pousse

   Pousse (?), n. Pulse; pease. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                   Poussette

   Pous*sette"  (?),  n.  [F., pushpin, fr. pousser to push. See Push.] A
   movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance. Dickens.

                                   Poussette

   Pous*sette",  v.  i.  To  perform  a certain movement in a dance. [R.]
   Tennyson.

     Down the middle, up again, poussette, and cross. J. & H. Smith.

                                     Pout

   Pout  (?),  n.  [F.  poulet.  See  Poult.] The young of some birds, as
   grouse; a young fowl. Carew.

                                     Pout

   Pout (?), v. i. To shoot pouts. [Scot.]

                                     Pout

   Pout  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouting.] [OE.
   pouten,  of uncertain origin; cf. Prov. pot lip, Prov. F. potte, faire
   la potte to pout, W. pwdu to pout, be sullen, poten, potten, a paunch,
   belly.]

   1.  To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure; hence, to
   look sullen.

     Thou poutest upon thy fortune and thy love. Shak.

                                       2

   2 To protrude. "Pouting lips." Dryden.

                                     Pout

   Pout, n. A sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness. "Jack's
   in the pouts." J. & H. Smith.

                                     Pout

   Pout,  n.  [Cf. Eelpout.] (Zo\'94l.) The European whiting pout or bib.
   Eel  pout.  (Zo\'94l.)  See  Eelpout.  --  Horn  pout, OR Horned pout.
   (Zo\'94l.) See Bullhead (b).

                                    Pouter

   Pout"er (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, pouts.

   2.  [Cf.  E.  pout,  and G. puter turkey.] (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the
   domestic  pigeon  remarkable  for  the  extent  to which it is able to
   dilate its throat and breast.

                                    Pouting

   Pout"ing, n. Childish sullenness.

                                   Poutingly

   Pout"ing*ly, adv. In a pouting, or a sullen, manner.

                                    Povert

   Pov"ert (?), n. Poverty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Poverty

   Pov"er*ty (?), n. [OE. poverte, OF. povert\'82, F. pauvret\'82, fr. L.
   paupertas, fr. pauper poor. See Poor.]

   1. The quality or state of being poor or indigent; want or scarcity of
   means  of subsistence; indigence; need. "Swathed in numblest poverty."
   Keble.

     The  drunkard  and  the glutton shall come to poverty. Prov. xxiii.
     21.

   2. Any deficiency of elements or resources that are needed or desired,
   or  that  constitute  richness;  as,  poverty  of soil; poverty of the
   blood; poverty of ideas.
   Poverty  grass  (Bot.),  a  name  given to several slender grasses (as
   Aristida  dichotoma,  and  Danthonia spicata) which often spring up on
   old  and  worn-out  fields.  Syn. -- Indigence; penury; beggary; need;
   lack;  want; scantiness; sparingness; meagerness; jejuneness. Poverty,
   Indigence, Pauperism. Poverty is a relative term; what is poverty to a
   monarch,  would  be  competence  for  a day laborer. Indigence implies
   extreme  distress,  and almost absolute destitution. Pauperism denotes
   entire  dependence  upon  public  charity,  and,  therefore,  often  a
   hopeless and degraded state.

                                 Powan, Powen

   Pow"an  (?),  Pow"en (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small British lake whitefish
   (Coregonus  clupeoides,  or C. ferus); -- called also gwyniad and lake
   herring.

                                    Powder

   Pow"der  (?),  n.  [OE.  poudre,  pouldre, F. poudre, OF. also poldre,
   puldre,  L.  pulvis,  pulveris:  cf.  pollen fine flour, mill dust, E.
   pollen. Cf. Polverine, Pulverize.]

   1.  The  fine  particles  to  which  any  dry  substance is reduced by
   pounding,  grinding,  or triturating, or into which it falls by decay;
   dust.

     Grind their bones to powder small. Shak.

   2.  An  explosive  mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder.
   See Gunpowder.
   Atlas  powder,  Baking  powder,  etc. See under Atlas, Baking, etc. --
   Powder   down  (Zo\'94l.),  the  peculiar  dust,  or  exfoliation,  of
   powder-down  feathers.  --  Powder-down  feather  (Zo\'94l.), one of a
   peculiar  kind  of  modified  feathers which sometimes form patches on
   certain  parts  of  some birds. They have a greasy texture and a scaly
   exfoliation.  --  Powder-down  patch  (Zo\'94l.),  a  tuft or patch of
   powder-down feathers. -- Powder hose, a tube of strong linen, about an
   inch in diameter, filled with powder and used in firing mines. Farrow.
   --  Powder  hoy (Naut.), a vessel specially fitted to carry powder for
   the  supply of war ships. They are usually painted red and carry a red
   flag.  --  Powder magazine, OR Powder room. See Magazine, 2. -- Powder
   mine,  a  mine  exploded  by  gunpowder.  See  Mine.  -- Powder monkey
   (Naut.),  a  boy  formerly  employed on war vessels to carry powder; a
   powder  boy.  --  Powder post. See Dry rot, under Dry. -- Powder puff.
   See Puff, n.

                                    Powder

   Pow"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Powdered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Powdering.]
   [F. poudrer.]

   1. To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder;
   to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate.

   2.  To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to
   powder the hair.

     A circling zone thou seest Powdered with stars. Milton.

   3. To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat. [Obs.]

                                    Powder

   Pow"der, v. i.

   1.  To  be  reduced  to  powder; to become like powder; as, some salts
   powder easily.

   2. To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and powders.

                                   Powdered

   Pow"dered (?), a.

   1. Reduced to a powder; sprinkled with, or as with, powder.

   2. Sprinkled with salt; salted; corned. [Obs.]

     Powdered beef, pickled meats. Harvey.

   3. (Her.) Same as Sem\'82. Walpole.

                                  Powderflask

   Pow"der*flask` (?), n. A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a
   charging tube at the end.

                                  Powderhorn

   Pow"der*horn` (?), n. A horn in which gunpowder is carried.

                                   Powdering

   Pow"der*ing,  a.  &  n. from Powder, v. t. Powdering tub. (a) A tub or
   vessel in which meat is corned or salted. (b) A heated tub in which an
   infected lecher was placed for cure. [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Powdermill

   Pow"der*mill` (?), n. A mill in which gunpowder is made.

                                 Powder-posted

   Pow"der-post`ed (?), a. Affected with dry rot; reduced to dust by rot.
   See Dry rot, under Dry. [U.S.]

                                    Powdery

   Pow"der*y (?), a.

   1. Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a powdery spar.

   2.  Sprinkled  or covered with powder; dusty; as, the powdery bloom on
   plums.

   3.  Resembling  powder;  consisting  of  powder.  "The  powdery snow."
   Wordsworth.

                                    Powdike

   Pow"dike  (?),  n.  [Scot. pow, pou, a pool, a watery or marshy place,
   fr. E. pool.] A dike a marsh or fen. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

                                    Powdry

   Pow"dry (?), a. See Powdery.

                                     Power

   Pow"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Poor, the fish.

                                     Power

   Pow"er,  n.  [OE.  pouer, poer, OF. poeir, pooir, F. pouvoir, n. & v.,
   fr.  LL. potere, for L. posse, potesse, to be able, to have power. See
   Possible, Potent, and cf. Posse comitatus.]

   1.  Ability  to  act,  regarded  as latent or inherent; the faculty of
   doing  or  performing  something;  capacity for action or performance;
   capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency;
   might;  as,  a  man of great power; the power of capillary attraction;
   money  gives  power.  "One  next himself in power, and next in crime."
   Milton.

   2.  Ability,  regarded  as  put  forth or exerted; strength, force, or
   energy  in  action;  as,  the  power of steam in moving an engine; the
   power  of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of
   enthusiasm. "The power of fancy." Shak.

   3.  Capacity  of  undergoing  or  suffering; fitness to be acted upon;
   susceptibility;  --  called  also  passive  power;  as, great power of
   endurance.

     Power,  then,  is  active  and  passive; faculty is active power or
     capacity; capacity is passive power. Sir W. Hamilton.

   4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise
   of   any   kind   of  control;  influence;  dominion;  sway;  command;
   government.

     Power  is  no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect
     the innocent. Swift.

   5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with
   authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as,
   the  great  powers  of  Europe;  hence,  often,  a superhuman agent; a
   spirit; a divinity. "The powers of darkness." Milton.

     And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. Matt. xxiv. 29.

   6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. Spenser.

     Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. Shak.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1123

   7.  A  large  quantity;  a  great  number;  as,  a  power o. [Colloq.]
   Richardson.

   8.  (Mech.)  (a)  The  rate  at  which mechanical energy is exerted or
   mechanical  work  performed,  as  by an engine or other machine, or an
   animal, working continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse power.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e En glish un it of power used most commonly is the
     horse power. See Horse power.

   (b)  A  mechanical  agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is
   derived;  as,  water  power; steam power; hand power, etc. (c) Applied
   force;  force  producing  motion or pressure; as, the power applied at
   one and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end.

     NOTE: &hand; Th is us e in  me chanics, of  po wer as a synonym for
     force, is improper and is becoming obsolete.

   (d) A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive
   other machinery; as, a dog power.

     NOTE: &hand; Po wer is  us ed ad jectively, de noting, dr iven, or 
     adapted  to  be  driven, by machinery, and not actuated directly by
     the hand or foot; as, a power lathe; a power loom; a power press.

   9.  (Math.)  The  product  arising from the multiplication of a number
   into  itself;  as,  a  square is the second power, and a cube is third
   power, of a number.

   10.  (  (Metaph.) Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties
   which  are  possessed  by the mind or soul; as, the power of thinking,
   reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc. I. Watts.

     The  guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove
     the grossness . . . into a received belief. Shak.

   11.  (Optics)  The  degree  to  which  a  lens, mirror, or any optical
   instrument,   magnifies;   in   the  telescope,  and  usually  in  the
   microscope,  the  number  of  times  it  multiplies,  or augments, the
   apparent  diameter of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number
   of times it multiplies the apparent surface.

   12.  (Law)  An  authority  enabling a person to dispose of an interest
   vested   either   in  himself  or  in  another  person;  ownership  by
   appointment. Wharton.

   13.  Hence,  vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business
   was referred to a committee with power.

     NOTE: &hand; Po wer may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the
     winds  and  waves, electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or
     of  animal  and  intelligent  beings;  and when predicated of these
     beings,  it  may  indicate  physical,  mental,  or moral ability or
     capacity.

   Mechanical  powers.  See  under  Mechanical.  --  Power loom, OR Power
   press. See Def. 8 (d), note. -- Power of attorney. See under Attorney.
   -- Power of a point (relative to a given curve) (Geom.), the result of
   substituting  the co\'94rdinates of any point in that expression which
   being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, x2 + y2 -
   100  is  the power of the point x, y, relative to the circle x2 + y2 -
   100 = 0.

                                   Powerable

   Pow"er*a*ble (?), a.

   1.  Capable  of  being  effected or accomplished by the application of
   power; possible. [R.] J. Young.

   2. Capable of exerting power; powerful. Camden.

                                   Powerful

   Pow"er*ful (?), a.

   1.  Full  of  power;  capable  of producing great effects of any kind;
   potent;  mighty;  efficacious; intense; as, a powerful man or beast; a
   powerful  engine;  a  powerful  argument; a powerful light; a powerful
   vessel.

     The  powerful  grace  that lies In herbs, plants, stones, and their
     true qualities. Shak.

   2. (Mining) Large; capacious; -- said of veins of ore. Syn. -- Mighty;
   strong;   potent;   forcible;   efficacious;  energetic;  intense.  --
   Pow"er*ful*ly, adv. -- Pow"er*ful*ness, n.

                                   Powerless

   Pow"er*less,  a. Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent;
   not   able   to   produce  any  effect.  --  Pow"er*less*ly,  adv.  --
   Pow"er*less*ness, n.

                                   Powldron

   Powl"dron   (?),   n.  [OF.  espauleron,  from  espaule  shoulder,  F.
   \'82paule.] Same as Pauldron.

                                     Powp

   Powp (?), v. i. See Poop, v. i. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Powter

   Pow"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pouter.

                                    Powpow

   Pow"pow` (?), n.

   1. A priest, or conjurer, among the North American Indians.

     Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow. Longfellow.

   2. Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with
   feasting,  dancing,  etc.,  performed  by  Indians  for  the  cure  of
   diseases,  to  procure  success  in  hunting  or in war, and for other
   purposes.

   3.  Hence:  Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy
   frolic  or  gathering. [Colloq. U. S.] <-- 4. Any meeting assembled to
   discuss an issue; a parley. -->

                                    Powwow

   Pow"wow`, v. i.

   1.  To  use  conjuration,  with  noise  and confusion, for the cure of
   disease, etc., as among the North American Indians.

   2.  Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting. [Colloq. U. S.] <-- 4.
   To hold a meeting to discuss an issue. -->

                                      Pox

   Pox (?), n. [For pocks, OE. pokkes. See Pock. It is plural in form but
   is  used  as  a  singular.]  (Med.) Strictly, a disease by pustules or
   eruptions  of  any  kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or
   four  diseases,  -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and
   the venereal diseases.

     NOTE: &hand; Pox, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations,
     formerly signified smallpox; but it now signifies syphilis.

                                      Pox

   Pox, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poxing.] To infect
   with the pox, or syphilis.

                                      Poy

   Poy  (?),  n.  [OF. apui, apoi, a support, prop., staff, F. appui, fr.
   OF.  apuier, apoier, to support, F. appuyer, fr. \'85 to (L. ad) + OF.
   pui, poi, a rising ground, hill, L. podium. See Podium, Pew.]

   1. A support; -- used in composition; as, teapoy.

   2. A ropedancer's balancing pole. Johnson.

   3.  A long boat hook by which barges are propelled against the stream.
   [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

                                    Poynado

   Poy*na"do (?), n. A poniard. [Obs.] Lyly.

                              Poynd, v., Poynder

   Poynd (?), v., Poynd"er (, n. See Poind, Poinder.

                                   Poy nette

   Poy nette" (?), n. [Cf. Point.] A bodkin. [Obs.]

                                    Poyntel

   Poyn"tel  (?),  n.  [See  Pointal.] (Arch.) Paving or flooring made of
   small squares or lozenges set diagonally. [Formerly written pointal.]

                                     Poyou

   Poy"ou   (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  South  American  armadillo  (Dasypus
   sexcinctus). Called also sixbanded armadillo.

                                     Poze

   Poze (?), v. t. See 5th Pose.

                             Pozzuolana, Pozzolana

   Poz`zu*o*la"na  (?),  Poz`zo*la"*na  (?), n. [It.] Volcanic ashes from
   Pozzuoli,  in Italy, used in the manufacture of a kind of mortar which
   hardens under water.

                                     Praam

   Praam  (?),  n.  [D.  praam;  cf.  G. prahm, F. prame; all of Slavonic
   origin,   from   a  word  akin  to  E.  fare.  See  Fare.]  (Naut.)  A
   flat-bottomed  boat or lighter, -- used in Holland and the Baltic, and
   sometimes armed in case of war. [Written also pram, and prame.]

                                    Practic

   Prac"tic (?), a. [See Practical.]

   1. Practical.

   2.  Artful; deceitful; skillful. [Obs.] "Cunning sleights and practick
   knavery." Spenser.

                                Practicability

   Prac"ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practicable;
   practicableness;  feasibility. "The practicability of such a project."
   Stewart.

                                  Practicable

   Prac"ti*ca*ble  (?),  a.  [LL.  practicare  to  act,  transact, fr. L.
   practicus   active,   Gr.  practicable,  pratiquer  to  practice.  See
   Practical.]

   1.  That  may  be  practiced  or  performed;  capable of being done or
   accomplished  with  available  means  or  resources;  feasible;  as, a
   practicable method; a practicable aim; a practicable good.

   2.  Capable  of  being  used;  passable;  as,  a practicable weapon; a
   practicable road.
   Practicable  breach  (Mil.),  a  breach  which  admits of approach and
   entrance  by  an  assailing  party.  Syn.  --  Possible;  feasible. --
   Practicable,  Possible.  A thing may be possible, i. e., not forbidden
   by  any  law of nature, and yet may not now be practicable for want of
   the  means requisite to its performance. -- Prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. --
   Prac"ti*ca*bly, adv.

                                   Practical

   Prac"ti*cal  (?), a. [L. practicus active, Gr. pratique, formerly also
   practique. Cf. Pragmatic, Practice.]

   1. Of or pertaining to practice or action.

   2.  Capable  of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction
   from  ideal  or theoretical; as, practical chemistry. "Man's practical
   understanding." South. "For all practical purposes." Macaulay.

   3.  Evincing  practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some
   useful end; as, a practical man; a practical mind.

   4. Derived from practice; as, practical skill.
   Practical  joke,  a  joke  put  in  practice;  a joke the fun of which
   consists  in something done, in distinction from something said; esp.,
   a trick played upon a person.

                                 Practicality

   Prac`ti*cal"i*ty  (?),  n.  The  quality  or state of being practical;
   practicalness.

                                  Practically

   Prac"ti*cal*ly  (?),  adv.  1.  In a practical way; not theoretically;
   really; as, to look at things practically; practically worthless.

   2.  By  means  of  practice  or  use; by experience or experiment; as,
   practically wise or skillful; practically acquainted with a subject.

   3.  In practice or use; as, a medicine practically safe; theoretically
   wrong, but practically right. <--

   4. Almost. -->

                                 Practicalness

   Prac"ti*cal*ness, n. Same as Practicality.

                                 Practicalize

   Prac"ti*cal*ize  (?),  v. t. To render practical. [R.] "Practicalizing
   influences." J. S. Mill.

                                   Practice

   Prac"tice  (?),  n.  [OE.  praktike,  practique, F. pratique, formerly
   also,  practique,  LL.  practica, fr. Gr. Practical, and cf. Pratique,
   Pretty.]

   1.  Frequently  repeated  or customary action; habitual performance; a
   succession  of  acts  of a similar kind; usage; habit; custom; as, the
   practice  of  rising  early; the practice of making regular entries of
   accounts;  the  practice of daily exercise. <-- also commonly practise
   -->

     A heart . . . exercised with covetous practices. 2 Pet. ii. 14.

   2. Customary or constant use; state of being used.

     Obsolete  words  may be revived when they are more sounding or more
     significant than those in practice. Dryden.

   3.  Skill  or  dexterity  acquired  by use; expertness. [R.] "His nice
   fence and his active practice." Shak.

   4. Actual performance; application of knowledge; -- opposed to theory.

     There are two functions of the soul, -- contemplation and practice.
     South.

     There  is  a  distinction,  but  no  opposition, between theory and
     practice;  each, to a certain extent, supposes the other; theory is
     dependent  on  practice; practice must have preceded theory. Sir W.
     Hamilton.

   5.  Systematic  exercise for instruction or discipline; as, the troops
   are  called  out  for  practice;  she neglected practice in music. <--
   practice makes perfect. MW10 2a. -->

   6.  Application  of  science  to the wants of men; the exercise of any
   profession;  professional  business;  as,  the practice of medicine or
   law; a large or lucrative practice.

     Practice  is exercise of an art, or the application of a science in
     life, which application is itself an art. Sir W. Hamilton.

   7.  Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use
   of  means;  art; stratagem; artifice; plot; -- usually in a bad sense.
   [Obs.] Bacon.

     He  sought  to  have that by practice which he could not by prayer.
     Sir P. Sidney.

   8.  (Math.)  A  easy  and  concise  method  of  applying  the rules of
   arithmetic to questions which occur in trade and business.

   9.  (Law)  The  form,  manner, and order of conducting and carrying on
   suits  and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the
   principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts. Bouvier. Syn.
   -- Custom; usage; habit; manner.

                                   Practice

   Prac"tice  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Practiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Practicing (?).] [Often written practise, practised, practising.]

   1.  To do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a
   practice  of;  as,  to  practice  gaming.  "Incline not my heart . . .
   practice wicked works." <-- also commonly practise --> Ps. cxli. 4.

   2.  To  exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., as, to
   practice law or medicine.<-- MW10 1c. -->

   2.  To  exercise  one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to
   acquire  discipline or dexterity; as, to practice gunnery; to practice
   music. <-- MW10 2a -->

   4.  To  put  into  practice;  to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to
   execute;  to  do.  "Aught but Talbot's shadow whereon to practice your
   severity." Shak.

     As this advice ye practice or neglect. Pope.

   5. To make use of; to employ. [Obs.]

     In  malice  to  this  good  knight's  wife,  I practiced Ubaldo and
     Ricardo to corrupt her. Massinger.

   6. To teach or accustom by practice; to train.

     In  church  they  are  taught  to  love  God; after church they are
     practiced to love their neighbor. Landor.

                                   Practice

   Prac"tice, v. i. [Often written practise.]

   1.  To  perform  certain  acts  frequently  or customarily, either for
   instruction, profit, or amusement; as, to practice with the broadsword
   or  with  the  rifle;  to  practice  on  the  piano. <-- also commonly
   practise -->

   2. To learn by practice; to form a habit.

     They shall practice how to live secure. Milton.

     Practice first over yourself to reign. Waller.

   3. To try artifices or stratagems.

     He will practice against thee by poison. Shak.

   4.  To  apply  theoretical  science  or  knowledge,  esp.  by  way  of
   experiment;  to  exercise  or pursue an employment or profession, esp.
   that of medicine or of law.

     [I  am]  little  inclined to practice on others, and as little that
     others should practice on me. Sir W. Temple.

                                   Practiced

   Prac"ticed (?), a. [Often written practised.]

   1.   Experienced;  expert;  skilled;  as,  a  practiced  marksman.  "A
   practiced picklock." Ld. Lytton.

   2. Used habitually; learned by practice.

                                   Practicer

   Prac"ti*cer (?), n. [Often written practiser.]

   1.  One  who  practices,  or  puts  in  practice;  one who customarily
   performs certain acts. South.

   2. One who exercises a profession; a practitioner.

   3. One who uses art or stratagem. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

                                  Practician

   Prac*ti"cian  (?),  n. [F. praticien, OF. also practicien.] One who is
   acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by practice; a practitioner.

                                   Practick

   Prac"tick (?), n. Practice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Practisant

   Prac"ti*sant  (?),  n.  An  agent  or confederate in treachery. [Obs.]
   Shak.

                                   Practise

   Prac"tise (?), v. t. & i. See Practice.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e analogy of the English language requires that the
     noun  and verb which are pronounced alike should agree in spelling.
     Thus we have notice (n. & v.), noticed, noticing, noticer; poultice
     (n.  &  v.);  apprentice (n. & v.); office (n. & v.), officer (n.);
     lattice  (n.),  latticed  (a.); benefice (n.), beneficed (a.), etc.
     Cf. sacrifice (surmise (promise (compromise (advice (advise (device
     (devise (

                                  Practisour

     Prac"ti*sour (?), n. A practitioner. [Obs.]

                                 Practitioner

     Prac*ti"tion*er (?), n. [From Practician.]

     1.  One  who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or
     profession, particularly that of law or medicine. Crabbe.

     2. One who does anything customarily or habitually.

     3. A sly or artful person. Whitgift.

   General practitioner. See under General, 2.

                                   Practive

   Prac"tive  (?),  a.  Doing; active. [Obs.] Sylvester. -- Prac"tive*ly,
   adv. [Obs.]

     The  preacher  and  the  people  both,  Then practively did thrive.
     Warner.

                                     Prad

   Prad (?), n. [Cf. D. paard.] A horse. [Colloq. Eng.]

                                    Pr\'91-

   Pr\'91- (?). A prefix. See Pre-.

                                  Pr\'91cava

   Pr\'91"ca`va  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Pre-,  and  1st  Cave.] (Anat.) The
   superior vena cava. -- Pr\'91"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder.

                                  Pr\'91cipe

   Pr\'91c"i*pe  (?),  n.  [L., imperative of praecipere to give rules or
   precepts.  See  Precept.]  (Law) (a) A writ commanding something to be
   done,  or requiring a reason for neglecting it. (b) A paper containing
   the  particulars of a writ, lodged in the office out of which the writ
   is to be issued. Wharton.

                                  Pr\'91coces

   Pr\'91"co*ces  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Precocious.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
   of  birds including those whose young are able to run about when first
   hatched.

                                 Pr\'91cocial

   Pr\'91*co"cial (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pr\'91coces.

                                 Pr\'91cognita

   Pr\'91*cog"ni*ta (?), n. pl. [L. praecognitus, p. p. of praecognoscere
   to foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.] This previously known, or which
   should be known in order to understand something else.

                               Pr\'91commissure

   Pr\'91*com"mis*sure  (?),  n.  [Pref.  pr\'91 + commissure.] (Anat.) A
   transverse  commissure  in the anterior part of the third ventricle of
   the brain; the anterior cerebral commissure.

                                Pr\'91coracoid

   Pr\'91*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) See Precoracoid.

                                 Pr\'91cordia

   Pr\'91*cor"di*a  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  prae  before  + cor, cordis, the
   heart.]   (Anat.)   The   front  part  of  the  thoracic  region;  the
   epigastrium.

                                 Pr\'91cordial

   Pr\'91*cor"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Precordial.

                                  Pr\'91cornu

   Pr\'91*cor"nu  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pr\'91cornua  (#).  [NL.  See Pre-, and
   Cornu.]  (Anat.)  The  anterior  horn of each lateral ventricle of the
   brain. B. G. Wilder.

                                  Pr\'91dial

   Pr\'91"di*al (?), a. See Predial.

                                Pr\'91floration

   Pr\'91`flo*ra"tion (?), n. Same as Prefloration. Gray.
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                                Pr\'91foliation

   Pr\'91*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. Same as Prefoliation. Gray.

                                 Pr\'91maxilla

   Pr\'91`max*il"la (?), n. See Premaxilla.

                                  Pr\'91molar

   Pr\'91*mo"lar (?), a. See Premolar.

                                  Pr\'91morse

   Pr\'91*morse" (?), a. Same as Premorse.

                                 Pr\'91munire

   Pr\'91m`u*ni"re  (?),  n.  [Corrupted  from L. praemonere to forewarn,
   cite. See Admonish.] (Eng. Law) (a) The offense of introducing foreign
   authority  into  England,  the  penalties  for  which  were originally
   intended  to  depress  the civil power of the pope in the kingdom. (b)
   The  writ  grounded on that offense. Wharton. (c) The penalty ascribed
   for the offense of pr\'91munire.

     Wolsey  incurred  a  pr\'91munire, and forfeited his honor, estate,
     and life. South.

     NOTE: &hand; Th  e pe nalties of  pr \'91munire we re su bsequently
     applied   to   many   other   offenses;  but  prosecutions  upon  a
     pr\'91munire are at this day unheard of in the English courts.

   Blackstone.

                                  Pr\'91mnire

   Pr\'91m`*ni"re, v. t.

   1. The subject to the penalties of pr\'91munire. [Obs.] T. Ward.

                                Pr\'91munitory

   Pr\'91*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. See Premunitory.

                                  Pr\'91nares

   Pr\'91*na"res  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pre-, Nares.] (Anat.) The anterior
   nares. See Nares. B. G. Wilder.

                                  Pr\'91nasal

   Pr\'91*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Prenasal.

                                  Pr\'91nomen

   Pr\'91*no"men  (?),  n.;  pl. Pr\'91nomina (#). [L., fr. prae before +
   nomen  name.]  (Rom.  Antiq.)  The  first  name  of a person, by which
   individuals  of  the  same family were distinguished, answering to our
   Christian name, as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, etc.

                                Pr\'91nominical

   Pr\'91`no*min"ic*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pr\'91nomen. [Obs.]
   M. A. Lower.

                                Pr\'91operculum

   Pr\'91`o*per"cu*lum,   n.  [NL.]  (Anat.)  Same  as  Preoperculum.  --
   Pr\'91`o*per"cu*lar, a.

     Pr\'91oral, n., Pr\'91pubis, n., Pr\'91scapula, n., Pr\'91scutum, n.,
                                 Pr\'91sternum

   Pr\'91*o"ral,    n.,    Pr\'91*pu"bis,   n.,   Pr\'91*scap"u*la,   n.,
   Pr\'91*scu"tum,  n.,  Pr\'91*ster"num,  n.  Same as Preoral, Prepubis,
   Prescapula, etc.

                                  Pr\'91ter-

   Pr\'91"ter- (?). A prefix. See Preter-.

                                 Pr\'91terist

   Pr\'91t"er*ist (?), n. (Theol.) See Preterist.

                                 Pr\'91termit

   Pr\'91`ter*mit" (?), v. t. See Pretermit.

                                  Pr\'91texta

   Pr\'91*tex"ta  (?),  n.;  pl. Pr\'91text\'91 (#), E. Pr\'91textas (#).
   [L.  (sc.  toga), fr. praetextus, p. p. of praetexere to weave before,
   to  fringe,  border;  prae  before + texere to weave.] (Rom. Antiq.) A
   white  robe  with  a  purple border, worn by a Roman boy before he was
   entitled  to  wear  the toga virilis, or until about the completion of
   his  fourteenth  year,  and by girls until their marriage. It was also
   worn by magistrates and priests.

                                   Pr\'91tor

   Pr\'91"tor (?), n. See Pretor.

                                  Pr\'91tores

   Pr\'91*to"res  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Pretor.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   butterflies including the satyrs.

                                 Pr\'91torian

   Pr\'91*to"ri*an (?), a. See Pretorian.

                                 Pr\'91torium

   Pr\'91*to"ri*um (?), n. See Pretorium.

                              Pr\'91zygapophysis

   Pr\'91*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Prezygapophysis.

                            Pragmatic, Pragmatical

   Prag*mat"ic  (?), Prag*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. pragmaticus busy, active,
   skilled  in business, especially in law and state affairs, systematic,
   Gr. pragmatique. See Practical.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  business  or  to affairs; of the nature of
   business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.

     The next day . . . I began to be very pragmatical. Evelyn.

     We  can  not  always  be  contemplative,  diligent, or pragmatical,
     abroad; but have need of some delightful intermissions. Milton.

     Low, pragmatical, earthly views of the gospel. Hare.

   2.  Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy
   and  positive;  meddlesome.  "Pragmatical officers of justice." Sir W.
   Scott.

     The fellow grew so pragmatical that he took upon him the government
     of my whole family. Arbuthnot.

   3.  Philosophical;  dealing  with causes, reasons, and effects, rather
   than with details and circumstances; -- said of literature. "Pragmatic
   history." Sir W. Hamilton. "Pragmatic poetry." M. Arnold.
   Pragmatic sanction, a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or
   legislature  of  a  state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived from
   the Byzantine empire. In European history, two decrees under this name
   are  particularly  celebrated. One of these, issued by Charles VII. of
   France,  A.  D.  1438,  was  the  foundation  of  the liberties of the
   Gallican  church;  the  other, issued by Charles VI. of Germany, A. D.
   1724,  settled  his  hereditary  dominions on his eldest daughter, the
   Archduchess Maria Theresa.

                                   Pragmatic

   Prag*mat"ic, n.

   1. One skilled in affairs.

     My attorney and solicitor too; a fine pragmatic. B. Jonson.

   2. A solemn public ordinance or decree.

     A royal pragmatic was accordingly passed. Prescott.

                                 Pragmatically

   Prag*mat"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a pragmatical manner.

                                Pragmaticalness

   Prag*mat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being pragmatical.

                                  Pragmatism

   Prag"ma*tism  (?),  n.  The  quality  or  state of being pragmatic; in
   literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method.

     The  narration  of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to
     the pragmatism of the history. A. Murphy.

                                  Pragmatist

   Prag"ma*tist (?), n. One who is pragmatic.

                                  Pragmatize

   Prag"ma*tize  (?),  v. t. To consider, represent, or embody (something
   unreal) as fact; to materialize. [R.] "A pragmatized metaphor." Tylor.

                                   Prairial

   Prai`ri`al"  (?),  n. [F., fr. prairie meadow.] The ninth month of the
   French  Republican  calendar,  which dated from September 22, 1792. It
   began May, 20, and ended June 18. See Vendemiaire.

                                    Prairie

   Prai"rie  (?), n. [F., an extensive meadow, OF. praerie, LL. prataria,
   fr. L. pratum a meadow.]

   1.  An  extensive  tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees,
   covered  with  coarse  grass,  and  usually  characterized  by a deep,
   fertile  soil.  They abound throughout the Mississippi valley, between
   the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains.

     From  the  forests  and  the  prairies, From the great lakes of the
     northland. Longfellow.

   2. A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow.
   Prairie   chicken   (Zo\'94l.),  any  American  grouse  of  the  genus
   Tympanuchus,  especially  T.  Americanus  (formerly  T. cupido), which
   inhabits  the  prairies  of the central United States. Applied also to
   the  sharp-tailed  grouse.  -- Prairie clover (Bot.), any plant of the
   leguminous  genus  Petalostemon, having small rosy or white flowers in
   dense  terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies
   of the United States. -- Prairie dock (Bot.), a coarse composite plant
   (Silphium  terebinthaceum) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers,
   found  in  the  Western  prairies.  -- Prairie dog (Zo\'94l.), a small
   American  rodent  (Cynomys  Ludovicianus)  allied  to  the marmots. It
   inhabits  the  plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow
   in  the  ground in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a
   dog.  Called  also  prairie marmot. -- Prairie grouse. Same as Prairie
   chicken, above. -- Prairie hare (Zo\'94l.), a large long-eared Western
   hare  (Lepus  campestris).  See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. -- Prairie
   hawk,  Prairie  falcon  (Zo\'94l.),  a falcon of Western North America
   (Falco  Mexicanus). The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse
   bands  of  white;  the  under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of
   brown.  --  Prairie hen. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Prairie chicken, above. --
   Prairie  itch  (Med.),  an affection of the skin attended with intense
   itching,  which is observed in the Northern and Western United States;
   --  also called swamp itch, winter itch. -- Prairie marmot. (Zo\'94l.)
   Same  as  Prairie  dog,  above.  --  Prairie  mole (Zo\'94l.), a large
   American mole (Scalops argentatus), native of the Western prairies. --
   Prairie  pigeon,  plover,  OR snipe (Zo\'94l.), the upland plover. See
   Plover,  n.,  2. -- Prairie rattlesnake (Zo\'94l.), the massasauga. --
   Prairie snake (Zo\'94l.), a large harmless American snake (Masticophis
   flavigularis).  It is pale yellow, tinged with brown above. -- Prairie
   squirrel  (Zo\'94l.),  any  American  ground  squirrel  of  the  genus
   Spermophilus,  inhabiting  prairies; -- called also gopher. -- Prairie
   turnip   (Bot.),  the  edible  turnip-shaped  farinaceous  root  of  a
   leguminous  plant  (Psoralea  esculenta) of the Upper Missouri region;
   also,  the  plant  itself.  Called  also  pomme  blanche, and pomme de
   prairie.  --  Prairie  warbler  (Zo\'94l.),  a bright-colored American
   warbler  (Dendroica  discolor). The back is olive yellow, with a group
   of  reddish  spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around
   the  eyes  are  bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along
   the  sides,  black; three outer tail feathers partly white. -- Prairie
   wolf. (Zo\'94l.) See Coyote.

                                   Praisable

   Prais"a*ble  (?),  a.  Fit  to  be  praised;  praise-worthy; laudable;
   commendable. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 15).

                                   Praisably

   Prais"a*bly, adv. In a praisable manner.

                                    Praise

   Praise  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Praised  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Praising.] [OE. preisen, OF. preisier, prisier, F. priser, L. pretiare
   to  prize,  fr.  pretium  price.  See  Price,  n., and cf. Appreciate,
   Praise, n., Prize, v.]

   1.  To  commend;  to  applaud;  to express approbation of; to laud; --
   applied to a person or his acts. "I praise well thy wit." Chaucer.

     Let her own works praise her in the gates. Prov. xxxi. 31.

     We  praise  not Hector, though his name, we know, Is great in arms;
     't is hard to praise a foe. Dryden.

   2.  To  extol  in  words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of
   perfections  or  excellent  works;  to  do  honor  to;  to display the
   excellence of; -- applied especially to the Divine Being.

     Praise  ye  him,  all his angels; praise ye him, all his hosts! Ps.
     cxlviii. 2.

   3.  To  value;  to appraise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Syn. -- To commend;
   laud;  eulogize;  celebrate;  glorify; magnify. -- To Praise, Applaud,
   Extol.  To praise is to set at high price; to applaud is to greet with
   clapping;  to  extol  is to bear aloft, to exalt. We may praise in the
   exercise  of  calm  judgment;  we usually applaud from impulse, and on
   account  of  some  specific  act; we extol under the influence of high
   admiration, and usually in strong, if not extravagant, language.

                                    Praise

   Praise,  n. [OE. preis, OF. preis price, worth, value, estimation. See
   Praise, v., Price.]

   1.  Commendation for worth; approval expressed; honor rendered because
   of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation.

     There  are  men who always confound the praise of goodness with the
     practice. Rambler.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr aise ma y be  ex pressed by an individual, and thus
     differs  from  fame,  renown,  and  celebrity, which are always the
     expression of the approbation of numbers, or public commendation.

   2.  Especially,  the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to
   the  Divine  Being;  the  act  of glorifying or extolling the Creator;
   worship,  particularly  worship  by  song, distinction from prayer and
   other acts of worship; as, a service of praise.

   3. The object, ground, or reason of praise.

     He is thy praise, and he is thy God. Deut. x.

   Syn.   --  Encomium;  honor;  eulogy;  panegyric;  plaudit;  applause;
   acclaim; eclat; commendation; laudation.

                                   Praiseful

   Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.]

                                   Praiseful

   Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.]

                                  Praiseless

   Praise"less, a. Without praise or approbation.

                                Praise-meeting

   Praise"-meet`*ing  (?), n. A religious service mainly in song. [Local,
   U. S.]

                                  Praisement

   Praise"ment (?), n. Appraisement. [Obs.]

                                   Praiseer

   Praise"er (?), n.

   1. One who praises. "Praisers of men." Sir P. Sidney.

   2. An appraiser; a valuator. [Obs.] Sir T. North.

                                Praiseworthily

   Praise"wor`thi*ly (?), adv. In a praiseworthy manner. Spenser.

                               Praiseworthiness

   Praise"wor`thi*ness, n. The quality or state of being praiseworthy.

                                 Praiseworthy

   Praise"wor`thy  (?), a. Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as,
   praiseworthy action; he was praiseworthy. Arbuthnot.

                                    Prakrit

   Pra"krit  (?),  n.  [Skr.  pr\'bek&rsdot;ta  original, natural, usual,
   common,  vulgar.]  Any  one of the popular dialects descended from, or
   akin to, Sanskrit; -- in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used
   as  a  literary  and  learned  language  when  no longer spoken by the
   people. Pali is one of the Prakrit dialects.

                                   Prakritic

   Pra*krit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Prakrit.

                                  Pram, Prame

   Pram (?), Prame (?), n. (Naut.) See Praam.

                                    Prance

   Prance  (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prancing
   (?).] [OE. prauncen; probably akin to prank, v. t. See Prank.]

   1. To spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.

     Now rule thy prancing steed. Gay.

   2. To ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner.

     The insulting tyrant prancing o'er the field. Addison.

   3.  To walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike
   parade. Swift.

                                    Prancer

   Pran"cer (?), n. A horse which prances.

     Then came the captain . . . upon a brave prancer. Evelyn.

                                   Prandial

   Pran"di*al  (?),  a.  [L.  prandium  a  repast.] Of or pertaining to a
   repast, especially to dinner.

                                    Prangos

   Pran"gos (?), n. [From the native name in Afghanistan.] (Bot.) A genus
   of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (P. pabularia), found in
   Thibet,  Cashmere,  Afghanistan,  etc.,  has  been  used as fodder for
   cattle.  It has decompound leaves with very long narrow divisions, and
   a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new clover hay.

                                     Prank

   Prank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pranked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pranking.]
   [Cf.  E.  prink,  also  G. prangen, prunken, to shine, to make a show,
   Dan.  prange,  prunke,  Sw.  prunka,  D. pronken.] To adorn in a showy
   manner; to dress or equip ostentatiously; -- often followed by up; as,
   to prank up the body. See Prink.

     In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank. Spenser.

                                     Prank

   Prank, v. i. To make ostentatious show.

     White houses prank where once were huts. M. Arnold.

                                     Prank

   Prank, n. A gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous
   trick; a caper; a frolic. Spenser.

     The harpies . . . played their accustomed pranks. Sir W. Raleigh.

     His pranks have been too broad to bear with. Shak.

                                     Prank

   Prank, a. Full of gambols or tricks. [Obs.]

                                    Pranker

   Prank"er  (?),  n. One who dresses showily; a prinker. "A pranker or a
   dancer." Burton.

                                   Prankish

   Prank"ish, a. Full of pranks; frolicsome.

                                     Prase

   Prase  (?),  n.  [L.  prasius,  fr.  Gr.  prase.]  (Min.) A variety of
   cryptocrystalline of a leek-green color.

                                    Praseo-

   Pra"se*o-   (?).   [Gr.   A   combining  form  signifying  green;  as,
   praseocobalt, a green variety of cobalt.

                                 Praseodymium

   Pra`se*o*dym"i*um  (?), n. [Praseo- + didymium.] (Chem.) An elementary
   substance,  one of the constituents of didymium; -- so called from the
   green color of its salts. Symbol Ps. Atomic weight 143.6.

                                  Praseolite

   Pra"se*o*lite  (?),  n. [Praseo- + -lite.] (Min.) A variety of altered
   iolite of a green color and greasy luster.

                                   Prasinous

   Pras"i*nous  (?),  a.  [L.  prasinus,  Gr.  Grass-green; clear, lively
   green, without any mixture. Lindley.

                                    Prasoid

   Pra"soid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Min.) Resembling prase.

                                     Prate

   Prate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prated; p. pr. & vb. n. Prating.] [Akin
   to  LG.  & D. praten, Dan. prate, Sw. & Icel. prata.] To talk much and
   to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble.

     To prate and talk for life and honor. Shak.

     And make a fool presume to prate of love. Dryden.

                                     Prate

   Prate,  v.  t. To utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose;
   to chatter, or babble.

     What  nonsense  would  the  fool, thy master, prate, When thou, his
     knave, canst talk at such a rate ! Dryden.

                                     Prate

   Prate,  n. [Akin to LG. & D. praat, Sw. prat.] Talk to little purpose;
   trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.

     Sick of tops, and poetry, and prate. Pope.

                                   Prateful

   Prate"ful (?), a. Talkative. [R.] W. Taylor.

                                    Prater

   Prat"er (?), n. One who prates. Shak.

                                    Pratic

   Prat"ic (?), n. See Pratique.

                                  Pratincole

   Pra"tin*cole  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  bird  of  the Old World genus
   Glareola,  or  family  Glareolid\'91, allied to the plovers. They have
   long, pointed wings and a forked tail.

                                   Pratingly

   Prat"ing*ly (?), adv. With idle talk; with loquacity.

                                   Pratique

   Prat"ique (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pratica, Sp. practica. See Practice.]

   1.  (Com.)  Primarily,  liberty  of  converse;  intercourse;  hence, a
   certificate,  given  after  compliance  with  quarantine  regulations,
   permitting  a  ship  to  land  passengers  and  crew;  --  a term used
   particularly in the south of Europe.
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   Page 1125

   2.  Practice;  habits. [Obs.] "One of English education and pratique."
   R. North.

                                    Prattle

   Prat"tle  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Prattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prattling  (?).]  [Freq.  of  prate.] To talk much and idly; to prate;
   hence,  to  talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's
   talk.

                                    Prattle

   Prat"tle,  v.  t.  To  utter  as  prattle;  to  babble; as, to prattle
   treason. Addison.

                                    Prattle

   Prat"tle,  n.  Trifling  or  childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on
   trivial subjects; prate; babble.

     Mere prattle, without practice. Shak.

                                  Prattlement

   Prat"tle*ment (?), n. Prattle. [R.] Jeffrey.

                                   Prattler

   Prat"tler (?), n. One who prattles. Herbert.

                                    Pravity

   Prav"i*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  pravitas,  from  pravus  crooked, perverse.]
   Deterioration;  degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral crookedness;
   moral  perversion;  perverseness;  depravity; as, the pravity of human
   nature. "The pravity of the will." South.

                                     Prawn

   Prawn  (?),  n.  [OE.  prane,  of  unknown  origin; cf. L. perna a sea
   mussel.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  one of numerous species of large shrimplike
   Crustacea  having slender legs and long antenn\'91. They mostly belong
   to  the  genera  Pandalus, Pal\'91mon, Pal\'91monetes, and Peneus, and
   are  much  used  as  food.  The  common  English  prawn  in Pal\'91mon
   serratus.

     NOTE: &hand; The name is often applied to any large shrimp.

                                 Praxinoscope

   Prax*in"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument, similar to
   the  phenakistoscope,  for  presenting  to  view, or projecting upon a
   screen, images the natural motions of real objects.

                                    Praxis

   Prax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Practice.]

   1.  Use;  practice;  especially, exercise or discipline for a specific
   purpose or object. "The praxis and theory of music." Wood.

   2.  An  example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples,
   for practice.

                                     Pray

   Pray (?), n. & v. See Pry. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                     Pray

   Pray  (?),  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Prayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Praying.]
   [OE.  preien,  OF.  preier,  F. prier, L. precari, fr. prex, precis, a
   prayer,  a request; akin to Skr. prach to ask, AS. frignan, fr\'c6nan,
   fricgan,  G.  fragen,  Goth.  fra\'a1hnan.  Cf.  Deprecate, Imprecate,
   Precarious.]  To  make  request  with  earnestness  or  zeal,  as  for
   something  desired;  to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer
   to  a  deity  or  divine  being  as  a religious act; specifically, to
   address  the  Supreme  Being with adoration, confession, supplication,
   and thanksgiving.

     And to his goddess pitously he preyde. Chaucer.

     When  thou  prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut
     thy  door,  pray  to  thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father
     which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. Matt. vi. 6.

   I  pray,  OR  (by  ellipsis) Pray, I beg; I request; I entreat you; --
   used  in  asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition,
   etc.; as, Pray, allow me to go.
   
     I pray, sir. why am I beaten? Shak.
     
   Syn.  --  To  entreat;  supplicate;  beg;  implore;  invoke;  beseech;
   petition. 

                                     Pray

   Pray, v. t.

   1.  To  address  earnest  request  to;  to  supplicate; to entreat; to
   implore; to beseech.

     And as this earl was preyed, so did he. Chaucer.

     We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20.

   2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat
   for.

     I know not how to pray your patience. Shak.

   3.  To  effect  or  accomplish  by  praying; as, to pray a soul out of
   purgatory. Milman.
   To  pray  in  aid.  (Law)  (a)  To  call in as a helper one who has an
   interest  in  the  cause.  Bacon.  (b)  A phrase often used to signify
   claiming the benefit of an argument. See under Aid. Mozley & W.

                                    Prayer

   Pray"er (?), n. One who prays; a supplicant.

                                    Prayer

   Prayer (, n. [OE. preiere, OF. preiere, F. pri\'8are, fr. L. precarius
   obtained by prayer, fr. precari to pray. See Pray, v. i.]

   1.  The  act  of  praying,  or  of  asking a favor; earnest request or
   entreaty;  hence,  a  petition  or  memorial addressed to a court or a
   legislative body. "Their meek preyere." Chaucer
   
   2. The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the
   true  God;  the  offering  of adoration, confession, supplication, and
   thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public prayer; secret prayer.
   
     As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer. Shak.

   3.  The  form  of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an
   expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as, a
   written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers.

     He  made  those  excellent prayers which were published immediately
     after his death. Bp. Fell.

   Prayer  book, a book containing devotional prayers. -- Prayer meeting,
   a  meeting  or  gathering for prayer to God. Syn. -- Petition; orison;
   supplication; entreaty; suit.

                                   Prayerful

   Prayer"ful (?), a. Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional.
   "The  prayerful  man."  J.  S.  Blackie.  --  Prayer"ful*ly,  adv.  --
   Prayer"ful*ness, n.

                                  Prayerless

   Prayer"less  (?;  277),  a.  Not  using  prayer; habitually neglecting
   prayer  to  God;  without  prayer. "The next time you go prayerless to
   bed." Baxter. -- Prayer"less*ly, adv. -- Prayer"less*ness, n.

                                    Praying

   Pray"ing  (?), a. & n. from Pray, v. Praying insect, locust, OR mantis
   (Zo\'94l.),  a  mantis,  especially  Mantis  religiosa. See Mantis. --
   Praying machine, OR Praying wheel, a wheel on which prayers are pasted
   by  Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in rapid revolution. Each
   turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral repetition of all the
   prayers on the wheel. Sometimes it is moved by a stream.

                                   Prayingly

   Pray"ing*ly, adv. With supplication to God.

                                     Pre-

   Pre-  (?). [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E. for,
   prep.:  cf.  F.  pr\'82-.  See Pro-, and cf. Prior.] A prefix denoting
   priority  (of  time,  place,  or  rank);  as,  precede,  to go before;
   precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; pre\'89minent
   eminent before or above others. Pre- is sometimes used intensively, as
   in prepotent, very potent. [Written also pr\'91-.]

                                 Preaccusation

   Pre*ac`cu*sa"tion (?), n. Previous accusation.

                                    Preace

   Preace (?), v. & n. Press. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                    Preach

   Preach  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Preached  (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Preaching.]  [OE.  prechen,  OF.  preechier,  F.  pr\'88cher,  fr.  L.
   praedicare to cry in public, to proclaim; prae before + dicare to make
   known,  dicere  to say; or perhaps from (assumed) LL. praedictare. See
   Diction, and cf. Predicate, Predict.]

   1.  To  proclaim  or  publish  tidings;  specifically, to proclaim the
   gospel;  to  discourse publicly on a religious subject, or from a text
   of Scripture; to deliver a sermon.

     How shall they preach, except they be sent? Rom. x. 15.

     From that time Jesus began to preach. Matt. iv. 17.

   2.  To  give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the
   manner of a preacher.

                                    Preach

   Preach, v. t.

   1.  To  proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal
   religious harangue.

     That Cristes gospel truly wolde preche. Chaucer.

     The  Lord  hath  anointed  me to preach good tidings unto the meek.
     Isa. lxi. 1.

   2.  To  inculcate  in  public  discourse;  to urge with earnestness by
   public   teaching.   "I  have  preached  righteousness  in  the  great
   congregation." Ps. xl. 9.

   3. To deliver or pronounce; as, to preach a sermon.

   4. To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching. [R.] "As
   ye are preached." Southey.

   5. To advise or recommend earnestly.

     My master preaches patience to him. Shak.

   To preach down, to oppress, or humiliate by preaching. Tennyson. -- To
   preach  up,  to  exalt  by  preaching; to preach in support of; as, to
   preach up equality.
   
                                    Preach
                                       
   Preach,  n.  [Cf.  F.  pr\'88che,  fr.  pr\'88cher.  See Preach, v.] A
   religious discourse. [Obs.] Hooker.
   
                                   Preacher
                                       
   Preach"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. preeschierre, prescheur, F. pr\'88cheur, L.
   praedicator.]
   
   1.  One  who  preaches;  one  who  discourses  publicly  on  religious
   subjects.
   
     How shall they hear without a preacher? Rom. x. 14.

   2. One who inculcates anything with earnestness.

     No preacher is listened to but Time. Swift.

   Preacher bird (Zo\'94l.), a toucan.

                                 Preachership

   Preach"er*ship,  n. The office of a preacher. "The preachership of the
   Rolls." Macaulay.

                                   Preachify

   Preach"i*fy (?), v. i. [Preach + -fy.] To discourse in the manner of a
   preacher. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

                                   Preaching

   Preach"ing, n. The act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of
   sermonizing;  also,  a  sermon; a public religious discourse; serious,
   earnest   advice.   Milner.   Preaching   cross,  a  cross,  sometimes
   surmounting  a  pulpit,  erected out of doors to designate a preaching
   place. -- Preaching friars. See Dominican.

                                   Preachman

   Preach"man  (?),  n.;  pl.  Preachmen  (.  A preacher; -- so called in
   contempt. [Obs.] Howell.

                                  Preachment

   Preach"ment   (?),   n.  A  religious  harangue;  a  sermon;  --  used
   derogatively. Shak.

                                  Preacquaint

   Pre`ac*quaint"  (?),  v.  t.  To  acquaint  previously  or beforehand.
   Fielding.

                                Preacquaintance

   Pre`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. Previous acquaintance or knowledge. Harris.

                                    Preact

   Pre*act" (?), v. t. To act beforehand; to perform previously.

                                   Preaction

   Pre*ac"tion (?), n. Previous action.

                                   Preadamic

   Pre`a*dam"ic (?), a. Prior to Adam.

                                  Preadamite

   Pre*ad"am*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82adamite.]

   1. An inhabitant of the earth before Adam.

   2. One who holds that men existed before Adam.

                                  Preadamitic

   Pre*ad`am*it"ic  (?), a. Existing or occurring before Adam; preadamic;
   as, preadamitic periods.

                                 Preadjustment

   Pre`ad*just"ment (?), n. Previous adjustment.

                               Preadministration

   Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion (?), n. Previous administration. Bp. Pearson.

                                  Preadmonish

   Pre`ad*mon"ish, v. t. To admonish previously.

                                 Preadmonition

   Pre*ad`mo*ni"tion (?), n. Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.

                                 Preadvertise

   Pre*ad`ver*tise"  (?),  v.  t. To advertise beforehand; to preannounce
   publicly.

                                   Preamble

   Pre"am`ble  (?),  n.  [LL.  praeambulum,  from  L. praeambulus walking
   before,  fr.  praeambulare  to  walk before; prae before + ambulare to
   walk:  cf.  F.  pr\'82ambule.  See  Amble.] A introductory portion; an
   introduction  or  preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically,
   the  introductory  part  of  a  statute,  which states the reasons and
   intent of the law.

                                   Preamble

   Pre"am`ble,  v. t. & i. To make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as
   a preamble. [R.] Feltham. Milton.

                                  Preambulary

   Pre*am"bu*la*ry  (?), a. [Cf. OF. preambulaire.] Of or pertaining to a
   preamble;  introductory;  contained  or provided for in a preamble. "A
   preambulary tax." [R.] Burke.

                                  Preambulate

   Pre*am"bu*late  (?),  v.  i.  [L. praeambulare. See Preamble.] To walk
   before. [R.] Jordan.

                                 Preambulation

   Pre*am`bu*la"tion (?), n.

   1. A walking or going before; precedence. [R.]

   2. A preamble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                 Preambulatory

   Pre*am"bu*la*to*ry (?), a. Preceding; going before; introductory. [R.]

     Simon Magus had preambulatory impieties. Jer. Taylor.

                                  Preambulous

   Pre*am"bu*lous  (?), a. [See Preamble, n.] See Perambulatory. [R.] Sir
   T. Browne.

                                  Preannounce

   Pre`an*nounce" (?), v. t. To announce beforehand. Coleridge.

                               Preantenultimate

   Pre*an`te*nul"ti*mate  (?), a. Being or indicating the fourth syllable
   from the end of a word, or that before the antepenult.

                                   Preaortic

   Pre`a*or"tic  (?), a. (Anat.) In front, or on the ventral side, of the
   aorta.

                                  Preappoint

   Pre`ap*point"  (?),  v.  t.  To  appoint  previously,  or  beforehand.
   Carlyle.

                                Preappointment

   Pre`ap*point"ment (?), n. Previous appointment.

                                Preapprehension

   Pre*ap`pre*hen"sion  (?),  n. An apprehension or opinion formed before
   examination or knowledge. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                    Prearm

   Pre*arm" (?), v. t. To forearm. [R.]

                                  Prearrange

   Pre`ar*range" (?), v. t. To arrange beforehand.

                                    Prease

   Prease  (?),  v.  t.  & i. To press; to crowd. [Obs.] -- n. A press; a
   crowd. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                 Preassurance

   Pre`as*sur"ance (?), n. Previous assurance. Coleridge.

                                   Preataxic

   Pre`a*tax"ic  (?),  a.  (Med.) Occurring before the symptom ataxia has
   developed; -- applied to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.

                                  Preaudience

   Pre*au"di*ence  (?), n. (Eng. Law) Precedence of rank at the bar among
   lawyers. Blackstone.

                                   Preaxial

   Pre*ax"i*al  (?),  a. (Anat.) Situated in front of any transverse axis
   in  the  body  of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on
   the anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis
   of a limb.

                                    Preend

   Pre"end  (?),  n.  [F.  pr\'82bende  (cf. It. & Sp. prebenda), from L.
   praebenda,  from  L.  praebere  to  hold  forth,  afford,  contr.  fr.
   praehibere;  prae  before  +  habere to have, hold. See Habit, and cf.
   Provender.]

   1. A payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance granted to a
   prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate, church with
   which he is connected. See Note under Benefice.

   2. A prebendary. [Obs.] Bacon.
   Dignitary  prebend,  one  having jurisdiction annexed to it. -- Simple
   prebend, one without jurisdiction.

                                   Prebendal

   Pre*ben"dal  (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a prebend;
   as, a prebendal priest or stall. Chesterfield.

                                  Prebendary

   Preb"en*da*ry  (?),  n. [LL. praebendarius: cf. F. pr\'82bendaire. See
   Prebend.]

   1. A clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral church who enjoys
   a  prebend  in consideration of his officiating at stated times in the
   church. See Note under Benefice, n., 3. Hook.

   2. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Bailey.

                                Prebendaryship

   Preb"en*da*ry*ship, n. The office of a prebendary.

                                  Prebendate

   Preb"en*date  (?),  v. t. [LL. praebendatus, p. p. of praebendari.] To
   invest  with the office of prebendary; to present to a prebend. [Obs.]
   Grafton.

                                  Prebendship

   Preb"end*ship (?), n. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Foxe.

                                 Prebronchial

   Pre*bron"chi*al  (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the bronchus; --
   applied  especially  to  an air sac on either side of the esophagus of
   birds.

                                 Precalculate

   Pre*cal"cu*late  (?),  v.  t. To calculate or determine beforehand; to
   prearrange. Masson.

                                    Precant

   Pre"cant  (?), n. [L. precans, -antis, p. pr. of precari to pray.] One
   who prays. [R.] Coleridge.

                                  Precarious

   Pre*ca"ri*ous  (?),  a.  [L.  precarius obtained by begging or prayer,
   depending  on  request or on the will of another, fr. precari to pray,
   beg. See Pray.]

   1.  Depending  on  the  will or pleasure of another; held by courtesy;
   liable  to  be  changed  or  lost  at  the  pleasure  of  another; as,
   precarious privileges. Addison.

   2.  Held  by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events;
   exposed  to  constant  risk;  not  to  be depended on for certainty or
   stability;  uncertain;  as,  a  precarious state of health; precarious
   fortunes.  "Intervals  of  partial  and precarious liberty." Macaulay.
   Syn.  -- Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful; dubious; equivocal.
   --  Precarious,  Uncertain.  Precarious  in  stronger  than uncertain.
   Derived originally from the Latin precari, it first signified "granted
   to  entreaty,"  and, hence, "wholly dependent on the will of another."
   Thus  it  came  to  express the highest species of uncertainty, and is
   applied  to  such  things  as  depend  wholly on future casualties. --
   Pre*ca"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ness, n.

                                   Precation

   Pre*ca"tion  (?),  n. [L. precatio.] The act of praying; supplication;
   entreaty. Cotton.

                              Preative, Preatory

   Pre"a*tive  (?),  Pre"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. precativus, precatorius, fr.
   precari  to pray. See Precarious.] Suppliant; beseeching. Bp. Hopkins.
   Precatory  words  (Law),  words  of recommendation, request, entreaty,
   wish, or expectation, employed in wills, as distinguished from express
   directions; -- in some cases creating a trust. Jarman.
   
                                  Precaution
                                       
   Pre*cau"tion  (?), n. [F. pr\'82cation, L. praecautio, fr. praecavere,
   praecautum,  to  guard  against beforehand; prae before + cavere be on
   one's guard. See Pre-, and Caution.] 

   1.  Previous  caution  or care; caution previously employed to prevent
   mischief or secure good; as, his life was saved by precaution.

     They [ancient philosophers] treasured up their supposed discoveries
     with miserable precaution. J. H. Newman.

   2.  A  measure  taken  beforehand  to  ward off evil or secure good or
   success;   a  precautionary  act;  as,  to  take  precautions  against
   accident.

                                  Precaution

   Pre*cau"tion, v. t. [Cf. F. pr\'82cautionner.]

   1. To warn or caution beforehand. Locke.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1126

   2. To take precaution against. [R.] Dryden.

                                 Precautional

   Pre*cau"tion*al (?), a. Precautionary.

                                 Precautionary

   Pre*cau"tion*a*ry   (?),   a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  precaution,  or
   precautions; as, precautionary signals.

                                  Precautious

   Pre*cau"tious  (?),  a.  Taking or using precaution; precautionary. --
   Pre*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- Pre*cau"*tious*ness, n.

                                 Precedaneous

   Pre`ce*da"ne*ous  (?),  a.  Preceding;  antecedent;  previous.  [Obs.]
   Hammond.

                                    Precede

   Pre*cede"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Preceded;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Preceding.] [L. praecedere, praecessum; prae before + cedere to go, to
   be in motion: cf. F. pr\'82ceder. See Pre-, and Cede.]

   1.  To  go  before  in  order of time; to occur first with relation to
   anything. "Harm precedes not sin." Milton.

   2. To go before in place, rank, or importance.

   3.  To cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce; -- used with by
   or with before the instrumental object. [R.]

     It is usual to precede hostilities by a public declaration. Kent.

                            Precedence, Precedency

   Pre*ced"ence  (?), Pre*ced"en*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82c\'82dence. See
   Precede.]

   1.  The  act  or  state of preceding or going before in order of time;
   priority; as, one event has precedence of another.

   2.  The  act  or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or
   the  place  of  honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank;
   as, barons have precedence of commoners.

     Which  of  them  [the  different  desires]  has  the  precedency in
     determining the will to the next action? Locke.

   Syn.    --    Antecedence;   priority;   pre\'89minence;   preference;
   superiority.

                                   Precedent

   Pre*ced"ent  (?), a. [L. praecedens, -entis, p. pr. of praecedere: cf.
   F.  pr\'82c\'82dent.  See Precede.] Going before; anterior; preceding;
   antecedent; as, precedent services. Shak. "A precedent injury." Bacon.
   Condition precedent (Law), a condition which precede the vesting of an
   estate, or the accruing of a right.

                                   Precedent

   Prec"e*dent (?), n.

   1.  Something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a
   subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.

     Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only. Hooker.

   2.  A  preceding  circumstance  or  condition; an antecedent; hence, a
   prognostic; a token; a sign. [Obs.]

   3. A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy. [Obs.]
   Shak.

   4.  (Law)  A  judicial  decision  which  serves  as  a rule for future
   determinations  in  similar  or  analogous  cases;  an authority to be
   followed  in  courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in
   similar  cases.  Wharton.  Syn.  -- Example; antecedent. -- Precedent,
   Example.  An  example  in  a similar case which may serve as a rule or
   guide,  but  has  no authority out of itself. A precedent is something
   which comes down to us from the past with the sanction of usage and of
   common  consent.  We  quote  examples in literature, and precedents in
   law.

                                  Precedented

   Prec"e*dent*ed,  a. Having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an
   example of a like kind. Walpole.

                                 Precedential

   Prec`e*den"tial  (?), a. Of the nature of a precedent; having force as
   an example for imitation; as, precedential transactions.

     All  their  actions  in  that  time are not precedential to warrant
     posterity. Fuller.

                                  Precedently

   Pre*ced"ent*ly (?), adv. Beforehand; antecedently.

                                   Preceding

   Pre*ced"ing, a.

   1. Going before; -- opposed to following.

   2.  (Astron.)  In the direction toward which stars appear to move. See
   Following, 2.

                                    Precel

   Pre*cel"  (?),  v. t. & i. [See Precellence.] To surpass; to excel; to
   exceed. [Obs.] Howell.

                           Precellence, Precellency

   Pre*cel"lence  (?),  Pre*cel"len*cy  (?),  n.  [L. praecellentia, from
   praecellens,  p.  pr.  of  praecellere  to  excel,  surpass:  cf.  OF.
   precellence.] Excellence; superiority. [Obs.] Sheldon.

                                  Precellent

   Pre*cel"lent  (?),  a. [L. praecellens, p. pr.] Excellent; surpassing.
   [Obs.] Holland.

                                   Precentor

   Pre*cen"tor  (?),  n.  [L.  praecentor, fr. praecinere to sing before;
   prae  before  +  canere  to  sing.  See Chant.] A leader of a choir; a
   directing  singer.  Specifically:  (a)  The  leader  of the choir in a
   cathedral;  --  called  also the chanter or master of the choir. Hook.
   (b)  The  leader  of  the congregational singing in Scottish and other
   churches.

                                 Precentorship

   Pre*cen"tor*ship, n. The office of a precentor.

                                    Precent

   Pre"cent  (?),  n. [L. praeceptum, from praecipere to take beforehand,
   to  instruct, teach; prae before + capere to take: cf. F. pr\'82cepte.
   See Pre-, and Capacious.]

   1. Any commandment, instruction, or order intended as an authoritative
   rule   of  action;  esp.,  a  command  respecting  moral  conduct;  an
   injunction; a rule.

     For precept must be upon precept. Isa. xxviii. 10.

     No arts are without their precepts. Dryden.

   2.  (Law) A command in writing; a species of writ or process. Burrill.
   Syn.  --  Commandment;  injunction;  mandate;  law;  rule;  direction;
   principle; maxim. See Doctrine.

                                    Precept

   Pre"cept, v. t. To teach by precepts. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                  Preceptial

   Pre*cep"tial (?), a. Preceptive. [Obs.]

     [Passion] would give preceptial medicine to rage. Shak.

                                  Preception

   Pre*cep"tion (?), n. [L. praeceptio.] A precept. [R.] Bp. Hall.

                                  Preceptive

   Pre*cep"tive (?), a. [L. praeceptivus.] Containing or giving precepts;
   of  the  nature of precepts; didactic; as, the preceptive parts of the
   Scriptures.

     The lesson given us here is preceptive to us. L'Estrange.

                                   Preceptor

   Pre*cep"tor  (?),  n.  [L. praeceptor, fr. praecipere to teach: cf. F.
   pr\'82cepteur. See Precept.]

   1. One who gives commands, or makes rules; specifically, the master or
   principal of a school; a teacher; an instructor.

   2. The head of a preceptory among the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott.

                                 Preceptorial

   Pre`cep*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a preceptor.

                                  Preceptory

   Pre*cep"to*ry  (?;  277),  a. Preceptive. "A law preceptory." Anderson
   (1573).

                                  Preceptory

   Pre*cep"to*ry,  n.;  pl. Preceptories (#). [LL. praeceptoria an estate
   assigned  to  a  preceptor,  from  L.  praeceptor  a commander, ruler,
   teacher, in LL., procurator, administrator among the Knights Templars.
   See Preceptor.] A religious house of the Knights Templars, subordinate
   to  the  temple  or  principal  house  of  the  order  in  London. See
   Commandery, n., 2.

                                  Preceptress

   Pre*cep"tress  (?),  n.  A  woman  who is the principal of a school; a
   female teacher.

                                  Precession

   Pre*ces"sion  (?), n. [L. praecedere, praecessum, to go before: cf. F.
   pr\'82cession.  See  Precede.]  The  act  of going before, or forward.
   Lunisolar  precession.  (Astron.)  See  under  Lunisolar. -- Planetary
   precession, that part of the precession of the equinoxes which depends
   on  the  action  of  the planets alone. -- Precession of the equinoxes
   (Astron.),  the  slow  backward motion of the equinoctial points along
   the  ecliptic, at the rate of 50.2&sec; annually, caused by the action
   of  the  sun, moon, and planets, upon the protuberant matter about the
   earth's equator, in connection with its diurnal rotation; -- so called
   because  either  equinox,  owing  to its westerly motion, comes to the
   meridian sooner each day than the point it would have occupied without
   the  motion  of  precession,  and thus precedes that point continually
   with reference to the time of transit and motion.
   
                                 Precessional
                                       
   Pre*ces"sion*al  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  pression;  as,  the
   precessional movement of the equinoxes. 

                                   Precessor

   Pre*ces"sor (?), n. [L. praecessor.] A predecessor. [Obs.] Fuller.

                                   Precinct

   Pre"cinct   (?;   277),  n.  [LL.  praecinctum,  fr.  L.  praecingere,
   praecinctum,  to  gird  about,  to encompass; prae before + cingere to
   gird, surround. See Pre-, and Cincture.]

   1.  The  limit  or  exterior  line encompassing a place; a boundary; a
   confine;  limit  of jurisdiction or authority; -- often in the plural;
   as, the precincts of a state. "The precincts of light." Milton.

   2.  A  district  within  certain  boundaries;  a  minor territorial or
   jurisdictional division; as, an election precinct; a school precinct.

   3.  A  parish  or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed
   for its support. [U.S.]

     The  parish,  or  precinct,  shall proceed to a new choice. Laws of
     Massachusetts.

                                  Preciosity

   Pre`ci*os"i*ty (?), n. Preciousness; something precious. [Obs.] Sir T.
   Browne.

                                   Precious

   Pre"cious  (?), a. [OF. precious, precius, precios, F. pr\'82cieux, L.
   pretiosus, fr. pretium price, worth, value. See Price.]

   1.  Of great price; costly; as, a precious stone. "The precious bane."
   Milton.

   2.  Of  great  value  or  worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear;
   beloved; as, precious recollections.

     She is more precious than rules. Prov. iii. 15.

     Many  things which are most precious are neglected only because the
     value of them lieth hid. Hooker.

     NOTE: Also used ironically; as, a precious rascal.

   3. Particular; fastidious; overnice. [Obs.]

     Lest that precious folk be with me wroth. Chaucer.

   Precious  metals,  the  uncommon and highly valuable metals, esp. gold
   and silver. -- Precious stones, gems; jewels.

                                  Preciously

   Pre"cious*ly,  adv.  In  a  precious  manner;  expensively; extremely;
   dearly. Also used ironically.

                                 Preciousness

   Pre"cious*ness, n. The quality or state of being precious; costliness;
   dearness.

                                    Precipe

   Prec"i*pe (?), n. (Law) See Pr\'91cipe, and Precept.

                                   Precipice

   Prec"i*pice  (?),  n. [F. pr\'82cipice, L. praecipitium, fr. praeceps,
   -cipitis,  headlong; prae before + caput, capitis, the head. See Pre-,
   and Chief.]

   1. A sudden or headlong fall. [Obs.] Fuller.

   2.  A  headlong  steep;  a  very  steep, perpendicular, or overhanging
   place; an abrupt declivity; a cliff.

     Where wealth like fruit on precipices grew. Dryden.

                                  Precipient

   Pre*cip"i*ent   (?),   a.   [L.  praecipiens,  p.  pr.  See  Precept.]
   Commanding; directing.

                                Precipitability

   Pre*cip`i*ta*bil"i*ty   (?),   n.   The  quality  or  state  of  being
   precipitable.

                                 Precipitable

   Pre*cip"i*ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being precipitated, or cast to the
   bottom, as a substance in solution. See Precipitate, n. (Chem.)

                          Precipitance, Precipitancy

   Pre*cip"i*tance  (?), Pre*cip"i*tan*cy (?), n. [From Precipitant.] The
   quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate; headlong hurry;
   excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an opinion, or executing
   a purpose; precipitation; as, the precipitancy of youth. "Precipitance
   of judgment." I. Watts.

                                  Precipitant

   Pre*cip"i*tant   (?),   a.   [L.   praecipitans,  -antis,  p.  pr.  of
   praecipitare: cf. F. pr\'82cipitant. See Precipitate.]

   1.  Falling  or  rushing  headlong;  rushing  swiftly,  violently,  or
   recklessly; moving precipitately.

     They  leave  their  little  lives  Above the clouds, precipitant to
     earth. J. Philips.

     Should  he  return,  that  troop so blithe and bold, Precipitant in
     fear would wing their flight. Pope.

   2.  Unexpectedly  or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried;
   hasty;  sudden;  reckless. Jer. Taylor. "Precipitant rebellion." Eikon
   Basilike.

                                  Precipitant

   Pre*cip"i*tant,  n.  (Chem.)  Any  force  or  reagent which causes the
   formation of a precipitate.

                                 Precipitantly

   Pre*cip"i*tant*ly,  adv.  With  rash  or  foolish  haste;  in headlong
   manner. Milton.

                                Precipitantness

   Pre*cip"i*tant*ness,  n.  The  quality  or state of being precipitant;
   precipitation.

                                  Precipitate

   Pre*cip"i*tate  (?),  a.  [L.  praecipitatus, p. p. of praecipitare to
   precipitate, fr. praeceps headlong. See Precipice.]

   1. Overhasty; rash; as, the king was too precipitate in declaring war.
   Clarendon.

   2.  Lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the
   time;  as, a precipitate measure. "The rapidity of our too precipitate
   course." Landor.

   3. Falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong.

     Precipitate the furious torrent flows. Prior.

   4. Ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; as, a precipitate case of
   disease. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

                                  Precipitate

   Pre*cip"i*tate  (?),  n.  [NL. praecipitatum: cf. F. pr\'82cipit\'82.]
   (Chem.) An insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete
   state  by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some
   force,  such  as  heat or cold. The precipitate may fall to the bottom
   (whence  the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float
   at  or  near  the surface. Red precipitate (Old. Chem), mercuric oxide
   (HgO)  a  heavy  red  crystalline  powder obtained by heating mercuric
   nitrate,  or  by  heating  mercury  in the air. Prepared in the latter
   manner,  it  was  the  precipitate  per se of the alchemists. -- White
   precipitate  (Old Chem.) (a) A heavy white amorphous powder (NH2.HgCl)
   obtained  by  adding  ammonia  to  a  solution of mercuric chloride or
   corrosive   sublimate;   --   formerly  called  also  infusible  white
   precipitate,  and now amido-mercuric chloride. (b) A white crystalline
   substance  obtained  by  adding a solution of corrosive sublimate to a
   solution  of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride); -- formerly called also
   fusible white precipitate.

                                  Precipitate

   Pre*cip"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precipitated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Precipitating.]

   1. To throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice or height.

     She  and  her  horse had been precipitated to the pebbled region of
     the river. W. Irving.

   2.  To  urge  or  press  on  with eager haste or violence; to cause to
   happen,  or  come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; as, precipitate a
   journey, or a conflict.

     Back to his sight precipitates her steps. Glover.

     If  they  be  daring,  it  may precipitate their designs, and prove
     dangerous. Bacon.

   3.  (Chem.)  To separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form
   of a precipitate; as, water precipitates camphor when in solution with
   alcohol.

     The  light  vapor of the preceding evening had been precipitated by
     the cold. W. Irving.

                                  Precipitate

   Pre*cip"i*tate, v. i.

   1. To dash or fall headlong. [R.]

     So many fathom down precipitating. Shak.

   2. To hasten without preparation. [R.]

   3.  (Chem.)  To  separate  from  a  solution  as  a  precipitate.  See
   Precipitate, n.

                                 Precipitately

   Pre*cip"i*tate*ly   (?),  adv.  In  a  precipitate  manner;  headlong;
   hastily; rashly. Swift.

                                 Precipitation

   Pre*cip`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praecipitatio: cf. F. pr\'82cipitation.]

   1.  The  act  of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or
   thrown headlong.

     In peril of precipitation From off rock Tarpeian. Shak.

   2. A falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and rapidity.

     The  hurry, precipitation, and rapid motion of the water, returning
     . . . towards the sea. Woodward.

   3.   Great   hurry;   rash,   tumultuous   haste;   impetuosity.  "The
   precipitation of inexperience." Rambler.

   4. (Chem.) The act or process from a solution.

                                 Precipitator

   Pre*cip"i*ta`tor  (?),  n.  [L. praecipitator an overthrower.] One who
   precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness. Hammond.

                                 Precipitious

   Prec`i*pi"tious  (?),  a.  Precipitous.  [Obs.] -- Prec`i*pi"tious*ly,
   adv. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

                                  Precipitous

   Pre*cip"i*tous  (?),  a.  [L. praeceps, -cipitis: cf. OF. precipiteux.
   See Precipice.]

   1. Steep, like a precipice; as, a precipitous cliff or mountain.

   2. Headlong; as, precipitous fall.

   3.  Hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; as, precipitous attempts.
   Sir  T.  Browne. "Marian's low, precipitous \'bfHush!'" Mrs. Browning.
   -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ness, n.

  Pr Pr (?), n. [F. See Precise.] A concise or abridged statement or view; an
                             abstract; a summary.

                                    Precise

   Pre*cise"  (?),  a.  [L.  praecisus  cut off, brief, concise, p. p. of
   praecidere  to  cut off in front, to cut off; prae before + caedere to
   cut: cf. F. pr\'82cis. Cf. Concise.]

   1.  Having  determinate  limitations;  exactly  or  sharply defined or
   stated;  definite;  exact;  nice;  not vague or equivocal; as, precise
   rules of morality.

     The law in this point is not precise. Bacon.

     For the hour precise Exacts our parting hence. Milton.

   2.  Strictly  adhering  or  conforming  to  rule;  very nice or exact;
   punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious. Addison.

     He was ever precise in promise-keeping. Shak.

   Syn.  --  Accurate; exact; definite; correct; scrupulous; punctilious;
   particular;  nice;  formal.  See  Accurate.  --  Pre*cise"ly,  adv. --
   Pre*cise"ness, n.

                                   Precisian

   Pre*ci"sian (?), n.

   1. One who limits, or restrains. [Obs.]

   2.  An  overprecise  person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the
   observance  of  rules; a formalist; -- formerly applied to the English
   Puritans.

     The  most  dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of
     the emancipated precisian. Macaulay.

                                 Precisianism

   Pre*ci"sian*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being a precisian; the
   practice of a precisian. Milton.

                                 Precisianist

   Pre*ci"sian*ist, n. A precisian.

                                   Precision

   Pre*ci"sion  (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82cision, L. praecisio a cutting off.
   See Precise.] The quality or state of being precise; exact limitation;
   exactness;  accuracy;  strict  conformity  to  a  rule  or a standard;
   definiteness.

     I have left out the utmost precisions of fractions. Locke.

   Syn.  --  Preciseness;  exactness;  accuracy;  nicety.  --  Precision,
   Preciseness.  Precision  is always used in a good sense; as, precision
   of  thought or language; precision in military evolutions. Preciseness
   is  sometimes  applied  to  persons  or their conduct in a disparaging
   sense, and precise is often used in the same way.

                                   Precisive

   Pre*ci"sive  (?),  a. Cutting off; (Logic) exactly limiting by cutting
   off  all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive
   censure; precisive abstraction. I. Watts.
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                                   Preclude

   Pre*clude"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Precluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Precluding.]  [L.  praecludere,  praeclusum; prae before + claudere to
   shut. See Close, v.]

   1. To put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to hinder; to stop; to
   impede.

     The valves preclude the blood from entering the veins. E. Darwin.

   2.  To  shut  out  by  anticipative  action;  to  prevent or hinder by
   necessary  consequence  or implication; to deter action of, access to,
   employment   of,   etc.;   to   render   ineffectual;  to  obviate  by
   anticipation.

     This much will obviate and preclude the objections. Bentley.

                                  Preclusion

   Pre*clu"sion  (?),  n.  [L.  praeclusio.  See  Preclude.]  The  act of
   precluding, or the state of being precluded; a shutting out.

                                  Preclusive

   Pre*clu"sive (?), a. Shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude;
   hindering. -- Pre*clu"sive*ly, adv.

                                    Precoce

   Pre*coce" (?), a. [F. pr\'82coce.] Precocious. [Obs.]

                                   Precoces

   Pre"co*ces, n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pr\'91coces.

                                  Precocious

   Pre*co"cious   (?),   a.  [L.  praecox,  -ocis,  and  praecoquus,  fr.
   praecoquere  to  cook  or  ripen  beforehand; prae before + coquere to
   cook. See 3d Cook, and cf. Apricot.]

   1.  Ripe  or  mature  before  the  proper  or  natural  time; early or
   prematurely  ripe  or  developed;  as,  precocious  trees. [R.] Sir T.
   Browne.

   2.  Developed  more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding
   what is to be expected of one's years; too forward; -- used especially
   of mental forwardness; as, a precocious child; precocious talents.

                                 Precociously

   Pre*co"cious*ly, adv. In a precocious manner.

                           Precociousness, Precocity

   Pre*co"cious*ness,  Pre*coc"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82cocit\'82.] The
   quality  or  state  of  being precocious; untimely ripeness; premature
   development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness.

     Saucy precociousness in learning. Bp. Mannyngham.

     That precocity which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius. Wirt.

                                 Precoetanean

   Pre*co`e*ta"ne*an  (?),  n.  One  contemporary  with,  but older than,
   another. [Obs.] Fuller.

                                  Precogitate

   Pre*cog"i*tate  (?),  v.  t. [L. praecogitatus, p. p. of praecogitare.
   See Pre-, and Cogitate.] To cogitate beforehand. [R.] Sherwood.

                                Precogita/tion

   Pre*cog`i*ta/tion  (?),  n.  [L.  praecogitatio.] Previous cogitation.
   [R.] Bailey.

                                 Precognition

   Pre`cog*ni"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  praecognitio,  fr.  praecognoscere  to
   foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.]

   1. Previous cognition. Fotherby.

   2.  (Scots  Law)  A  preliminary  examination  of a criminal case with
   reference to a prosecution. Erskine.

                                 Precognizable

   Pre*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Cognizable beforehand.

                                  Precognosce

   Pre*cog"nosce  (?), v. t. [L. praecognoscere to foreknow.] (Scots Law)
   To examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence.

     A committee of nine precognoscing the chances. Masson.

                                 Precollection

   Pre`col*lec"tion (?), n. A collection previously made. [R.]

                                  Precompose

   Pre`com*pose"  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precomposed (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Precomposing.] To compose beforehand. Johnson.

                                  Preconceit

   Pre`con*ceit"  (?),  n.  An  opinion  or  notion  formed beforehand; a
   preconception. Hooker.

                                  Preconceive

   Pre`con*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconceived (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Preconceiving.] To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to
   form a previous notion or idea of.

     In  a  dead  plain the way seemeth the longer, because the eye hath
     preconceived it shorter than the truth. Bacon.

                                 Preconception

   Pre`con*cep"tion  (?),  n.  The  act  of  preconceiving; conception or
   opinion previously formed.

                                  Preconcert

   Pre`con*cert"  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconcerted; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Preconcerting.]  To  concert  or  arrange  beforehand;  to  settle  by
   previous agreement.

                                  Preconcert

   Pre*con"cert  (?),  n.  Something  concerted or arranged beforehand; a
   previous agreement.

                                 Preconcerted

   Pre`con*cert"ed  (?),  a. Previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand.
   -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ly, adv. -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ness, n.

                                 Preconcertion

   Pre`con*cer"tion  (?), n. The act of preconcerting; preconcert. Dr. T.
   Dwight.

                                  Precondemn

   Pre`con*demn` (?), v. t. To condemn beforehand. -- Pre*con`dem*na"tion
   (#), n.

                                 Precondition

   Pre`con*di"tion   (?),  n.  A  previous  or  antecedent  condition;  a
   preliminary condition.

                                  Preconform

   Pre`con*form"  (?),  v.  t.  &  i.  To conform by way anticipation. De
   Quincey.

                                 Preconformity

   Pre`con*form"i*ty  (?),  n.  Anticipative  or  antecedent  conformity.
   Coleridge.

                                  Preconizate

   Pre*con"i*zate  (?),  v.  t.  [Cf.  F. pr\'82coniser.] To proclaim; to
   publish; also, to summon; to call. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

                                 Preconization

   Pre*con`i*za"tion  (?),  n. [L. praeconium a crying out in public, fr.
   praeco, -onis, a crier, a herald: cf. F. pr\'82conisation.]

   1. A publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation. Bp. Hall.

   2.  (Eccl.)  A formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to
   an ecclesiastical dignity. Addis & Arnold.

                                   Preconize

   Pre"con*ize (?), v. t. (Eccl.) To approve by preconization.

                                  Preconquer

   Pre*con"quer (?), v. t. To conquer in anticipation. [R.] Fuller.

                                 Preconscious

   Pre*con""scious   (?),   a.   Of  or  pertaining  to  a  state  before
   consciousness.

                                  Preconsent

   Pre`con*sent" (?), n. A previous consent.

                                  Preconsign

   Pre`con*sign"  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconsigned (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.   Preconsigning.]   To  consign  beforehand;  to  make  a  previous
   consignment of.

                                Preconsolidated

   Pre`con*sol"i*da`ted (?), a. Consolidated beforehand.

                                 Preconstitute

   Pre*con"sti*tute (?), v. t. To constitute or establish beforehand.

                                  Precontract

   Pre`con*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precontracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Precontracting.] To contract, engage, or stipulate previously.

                                  Precontract

   Pre`con*tract"  (?),  v.  i. To make a previous contract or agreement.
   Ayliffe.

                                  Precontract

   Pre*con"tract  (?), n. A contract preceding another; especially (Law),
   a  contract  of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered
   void a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it. Abbott.

                                  Precontrive

   Pre`con*trive" (?), v. t. & i. To contrive or plan beforehand.

                                  Precoracoid

   Pre*cor"a*coid  (?),  n.  (Anat.)  The  anterior  part of the coracoid
   (often  closely  united  with  the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of
   many reptiles and amphibians.

                                  Precordial

   Pre*cor"di*al  (?),  a.  [Pref.  pre-  + L. cor, cordis, heart: cf. F.
   pr\'82cordial.]  (Anat.)  Situated  in  front  of  the  heart;  of  or
   pertaining to the pr\'91cordia.

                                   Precrural

   Pre*cru"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the leg or thigh; as,
   the precrural glands of the horse.

                                   Precurrer

   Pre*cur"rer (?), n. A precursor. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Precurse

   Pre*curse" (?), n. [L. praecursus.] A forerunning. [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Precursive

   Pre*cur"sive  (?),  a.  Preceding;  introductory;  precursory. "A deep
   precursive sound." Coleridge.

                                   Precursor

   Pre*cur"sor  (?),  n.  [L.  praecursor, fr. praecurrere to run before;
   prae  before  +  currere  to run. See Course.] One who, or that which,
   precedes  an  event,  and  indicates  its  approach;  a  forerunner; a
   harbinger.

     Evil  thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the storms
     and tempests of the soul. Buckminster.

   Syn. -- Predecessor; forerunner; harbinger; messenger; omen; sign.

                                 Precursorship

   Pre*cur"sor*ship, n. The position or condition of a precursor. Ruskin.

                                  Precursory

   Pre*cur"so*ry  (?), a. [L. praecursorius.] Preceding as a precursor or
   harbinger;  indicating something to follow; as, precursory symptoms of
   a fever.

                                  Precursory

   Pre*cur"so*ry, n. An introduction. [Obs.]

                                   Predacean

   Pre*da"cean (?), n. [L. praeda prey.] (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous animal.
   Kirby.

                                  Predaceous

   Pre*da"ceous  (?),  a.  [L.  praeda  prey.  See Prey.] Living by prey;
   predatory. Derham.

                                    Predal

   Pre"dal   (?),  a.  [L.  praeda  prey.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  prey;
   plundering; predatory. [R.] Boyse.

                                    Predate

   Pre*date" (?), v. t. To date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an
   earlier  than  the  actual  date;  to antedate; as, a predated deed or
   letter.

                                   Predation

   Pre*da"tion  (?),  n. [L. praedatio, fr. praedari to plunder.] The act
   of pillaging. E. Hall.

                                  Predatorily

   Pred"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a predatory manner.

                                   Predatory

   Pred"a*to*ry  (?),  a.  [L. praedatorius, fr. praedari to plunder, fr.
   praeda prey. See Prey.]

   1.   Characterized   by  plundering;  practicing  rapine;  plundering;
   pillaging;  as, a predatory excursion; a predatory party. "A predatory
   war." Macaulay.

   2. Hungry; ravenous; as, predatory spirits. [Obs.]

     Exercise . . . maketh the spirits more hot and predatory. Bacon.

   3. (Zo\'94l.) Living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous.

                                     Prede

   Prede  (?), v. i. [L. praedari. See Prey.] To prey; to plunder. [Obs.]
   Holinshed.

                                     Prede

   Prede, n. Prey; plunder; booty. [Obs.] Holinshed.

                                   Predecay

   Pre"de*cay` (?), n. Premature decay.

                                  Predecease

   Pre`de*cease  (?),  v.  t. To die sooner than. "If children predecease
   progenitors." Shak.

                                  Predecease

   Pre"de*cease` (?), n. The death of one person or thing before another.
   [R.] Brougham.

                                 Predecessive

   Pred`e*ces"sive  (?),  a.  Going  before; preceding. "Our predecessive
   students." Massinger.

                                  Predecessor

   Pred`e*ces"sor  (?;  277), n. [L. praedecessor; prae before + decessor
   one  who  withdraws  from  the  province  he  has governed, a retiring
   officer   (with  reference  to  his  successor),  a  predecessor,  fr.
   decedere:  cf.  F. pr\'82d\'82cesseur. See Decease.] One who precedes;
   one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one
   whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.

     A  prince  who was as watchful as his predecessor had been over the
     interests of the state. Prescott.

                                  Predeclare

   Pre`de*clare"  (?),  v.  t.  To  declare  or  announce  beforehand; to
   preannounce. Milman.

                                 Prededication

   Pre*ded`i*ca"tion (?), n. A dedication made previously or beforehand.

                                   Predefine

   Pre`de*fine (?), v. t. To define beforehand.

                                Predeliberation

   Pre`de*lib`er*a"tion, n. Previous deliberation.

                                Predelineation

   Pre`de*lin`e*a"tion, n. Previous delineation.

                                   Predella

   Pre*del"la  (?),  n.  [It.]  The step, or raised secondary part, of an
   altar;  a  superaltar; hence, in Italian painting, a band or frieze of
   several pictures running along the front of a superaltar, or forming a
   border or frame at the foot of an altarpiece.

                                   Predesign

   Pre`de*sign"   (?),   v.  t.  To  design  or  purpose  beforehand;  to
   predetermine. Mitford.

                                 Predesignate

   Pre*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic) A term used by Sir William Hamilton to
   define  propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign;
   as,  all,  none,  etc.;  --  contrasted  with preindesignate, defining
   propositions of which the quantity is not so indicated.

                                Predestinarian

   Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to predestination; as,
   the predestinarian controversy. Waterland.

                                Predestinarian

   Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an,  n.  One who believes in or supports the doctrine
   of predestination. Dr. H. More.

                               Predestinarianism

   Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an*ism   (?),  n.  The  system  or  doctrine  of  the
   predestinarians.

                                 Predestinary

   Pre*des"ti*na*ry (?), a. Predestinarian. [Obs.] Heylin.

                                 Predestinate

   Pre*des"ti*nate  (?), a. [L. praedestinatus, p. p. of praedestinare to
   predestine;  prae  before  +  destinare  to  determine.  See Destine.]
   Predestinated;  foreordained;  fated. "A predestinate scratched face."
   Shak.

                                 Predestinate

   Pre*des"ti*nate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestinated (?); p. pr. &
   vb.   n.   Predestinating.]   [Cf.  Predestine.]  To  predetermine  or
   foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose
   or decree; to pre\'89lect.

     Whom  he  did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to
     the image of his Son. Rom. viii. 29.

   Syn.  --  To  predetermine; foreordain; preordain; decree; predestine;
   foredoom.

                                Predestination

   Pre*des`ti*na"tion    (?),    n.    [L.    praedestinatio:    cf.   F.
   pr\'82destination.]

   1. The act of predestinating.

     Predestination had overruled their will. Milton.

   2.  (Theol.)  The purpose of Good from eternity respecting all events;
   especially,  the  preordination  of  men  to  everlasting happiness or
   misery. See Calvinism.

                                Predestinative

   Pre*des"ti*na*tive  (?),  a.  Determining  beforehand; predestinating.
   [R.] Coleridge.

                                 Predestinator

   Pre*des"ti*na`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82destinateur.]

   1. One who predestinates, or foreordains.

   2.  One who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian.
   Cowley.

                                  Predestine

   Pre*des"tine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Predestining.]  [Cf.  F.  pr\'82destiner. See Predestinate.] To decree
   beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate. Young.

                                  Predestiny

   Pre*des"ti*ny (?), n. Predestination. [Obs.]

                                Predeterminable

   Pre`de*ter"mi*na*ble  (?),  a. Capable of being determined beforehand.
   Coleridge.

                                Predeterminate

   Pre`de*ter"mi*nate    (?),   a.   Determined   beforehand;   as,   the
   predeterminate counsel of God.

                               Predetermination

   Pre`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82d\'82termination.] The act
   of  previous  determination;  a  purpose  formed  beforehand;  as, the
   predetermination of God's will. Hammond.

                                 Predetermine

   Pre`de*ter"mine  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predetermined (?); p. pr. &
   vb.    n.   Predermining.]   [Pref.   pre-   +   determine:   cf.   F.
   pr\'82d\'82terminer.]

   1. To determine (something) beforehand. Sir M. Hale.

   2. To doom by previous decree; to foredoom.

                                 Predetermine

   Pre`de*ter"mine, v. i. To determine beforehand.

                                    Predial

   Pre"di*al (?), a. [L. praedium a farm, estate: cf. F. pr\'82dial.]

   1.  Consisting  of land or farms; landed; as, predial estate; that is,
   real estate. Ayliffe.

   2. Attached to land or farms; as, predial slaves.

   3. Issuing or derived from land; as, predial tithes.

                                 Prediastolic

   Pre*di`as*tol"ic  (?),  a.  (Physiol.)  Preceding  the diastole of the
   heart; as, a prediastolic friction sound.

                                 Predicability

   Pred`i*ca*bil"i*ty  (?),  n. The quality or state of being predicable,
   or affirmable of something, or attributed to something. Reid.

                                  Predicable

   Pred"i*ca*ble   (?),   a.  [Cf.  F.  pr\'82dicable,  L.  praedicabilis
   praiseworthy.  See Predicate.] Capable of being predicated or affirmed
   of something; affirmable; attributable.

                                  Predicable

   Pred"i*ca*ble, n.

   1.  Anything affirmable of another; especially, a general attribute or
   notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many individuals.

   2.  (Logic)  One  of  the  five  most  general relations of attributes
   involved  in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference,
   property, and accident.

                                  Predicament

   Pre*dic"a*ment  (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82dicament, L. praedicamentum. See
   Predicate.]

   1.  A class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, condition;
   particular  situation  or  state; especially, an unfortunate or trying
   position or condition. "O woeful sympathy; piteous predicament!" Shak.

   2. (Logic) See Category. Syn. -- Category; condition; state; plight.

                                 Predicamental

   Pre*dic`a*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a predicament. John Hall
   (1646).

                                   Predicant

   Pred"i*cant  (?), a. [L. praedicans, -antis, p. pr. of praedicare. See
   Predicate.]  Predicating;  affirming;  declaring;  proclaiming; hence;
   preaching. "The Roman predicant orders." N. Brit. Rev.

                                   Predicant

   Pred"i*cant,   n.   One   who   predicates,   affirms,  or  proclaims;
   specifically, a preaching friar; a Dominican.

                                   Predicate

   Pred"i*cate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Predicating.]  [L.  praedicatus, p. p. of praedicare to cry in public,
   to proclaim. See Preach.]

   1. To assert to belong to something; to affirm (one thing of another);
   as, to predicate whiteness of snow.

   2. To found; to base. [U.S.]

     NOTE: &hand; Pr edicate is  sometimes used in the United States for
     found  or base; as, to predicate an argument on certain principles;
     to  predicate  a  statement on information received. Predicate is a
     term  in  logic,  and  used  only in a single case, namely, when we
     affirm  one  thing  of  another.  "Similitude  is not predicated of
     essences or substances, but of figures and qualities only."

   Cudworth.

                                   Predicate

   Pred"i*cate,  v.  i.  To affirm something of another thing; to make an
   affirmation. Sir M. Hale.

                                   Predicate

   Pred"i*cate  (?),  n.  [L.  praedicatum,  neut.  of praedicatus, p. p.
   praedicare: cf. F. pr\'82dicat. See Predicate, v. t.]

   1.  (Logic)  That which is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these
   propositions,  "Paper  is white," "Ink is not white," whiteness is the
   predicate affirmed of paper and denied of ink.

   2.  (Gram.)  The  word or words in a proposition which express what is
   affirmed of the subject. Syn. -- Affirmation; declaration.

                                   Predicate

   Pred"i*cate, a. [L. praedicatus, p. p.] Predicated.

                                  Predication

   Pred`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praedicatio: cf. F. pr\'82dication.]

   1.  The  act  of  predicating,  or  of affirming one thing of another;
   affirmation; assertion. Locke.

   2. Preaching. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

                                  Predicative

   Pred"i*ca*tive  (?),  a. [L. praedicativus.] Expressing affirmation or
   predication;  affirming;  predicating,  as,  a  predicative  term.  --
   Pred"i*ca*tive*ly, adv.

                                  Predicatory

   Pred"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. praedicatorius praising.] Affirmative;
   positive. Bp. Hall.
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   Page 1128

                                  Predicrotic

   Pre`di*crot"ic  (?),  a.  (Physiol.)  A term applied to the pulse wave
   sometimes  seen  in  a pulse curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of
   the curve and the dicrotic wave.

     The  predicrotic  or  tidal wave is best marked in a hard pulse, i.
     e., where the blood pressure is high. Landois & Stirling.

                                    Predict

   Pre*dict"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Predicted;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Predicting.]  [L.  praedictus,  p.  p.  of praedicere to predict; prae
   before + dicere to say, tell. See Diction, and cf. Preach.] To tell or
   declare  beforehand;  to  foretell;  to  prophesy;  to presage; as, to
   predict  misfortune;  to  predict  the  return  of a comet. Syn. -- To
   foretell; prophesy; prognosticate; presage; forebode; foreshow; bode.

                                    Predict

   Pre*dict", n. A prediction. [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Predictable

   Pre*dict"a*ble (?), a. That may be predicted.

                                  Prediction

   Pre*dic"tion (?), n. [L. praedictio: cf. F. pr\'82diction.] The act of
   foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy.

     The predictions of cold and long winters. Bacon.

   Syn.  --  Prophecy;  prognostication;  foreboding; augury; divination;
   soothsaying; vaticination.

                                 Predictional

   Pre*dic"tion*al (?), a. Prophetic; prognostic. [R.]

                                  Predictive

   Pre*dict"ive   (?),  a.  [L.  praedictivus.]  Foretelling;  prophetic;
   foreboding. -- Pre*dict"ive*ly, adv.

                                   Predictor

   Pre*dict"or (?), n. One who predicts; a foreteller.

                                  Predictory

   Pre*dict"o*ry (?), a. Predictive. [R.] Fuller.

                                   Predigest

   Pre`di*gest"  (?),  v.  t. (Med.) To subject (food) to predigestion or
   artificial digestion.

                                 Predigestion

   Pre`di*ges"tion (?), n.

   1. Digestion too soon performed; hasty digestion. [Obs.] Bacon.

   2.  (Med.) Artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired
   digestion.

                                   Predilect

   Pre`di*lect"  (?),  v.  t.  To elect or choose beforehand. [R.] Walter
   Harte.

                                 Predilection

   Pre`di*lec"tion  (?),  n. [Pref. pre- + L. dilectus, p. p. diligere to
   prefer:  cf.  F.  pr\'82dilection. See Diligent.] A previous liking; a
   prepossession  of mind in favor of something; predisposition to choose
   or like; partiality. Burke.

                                  Prediscover

   Pre`dis*cov"er (?), v. t. To discover beforehand.

                                 Prediscovery

   Pre`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. A previous discovery.

                                 Predisponency

   Pre`dis*po"nen*cy   (?),   n.   The   state   of   being  predisposed;
   predisposition. [R.]

                                 Predisponent

   Pre`dis*po"nent (?), a. Disposing beforehand; predisposing. -- n. That
   which   predisposes.  Predisponent  causes.  (Med.)  See  Predisposing
   causes, under Predispose. Dunglison.

                                  Predispose

   Pre`dis*pose"  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predisposed (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Predisposing.] [Pref. pre- + dispose: cf. F. pr\'82disposer.]

   1.  To dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias
   to; as, to predispose the mind to friendship.

   2.  To  make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; as,
   debility predisposes the body to disease.
   Predisposing  causes  (Med.),  causes  which render the body liable to
   disease; predisponent causes.

                                Predisposition

   Pre*dis`po*si"tion   (?),   n.[Pref.   pre-   +  disposition:  cf.  F.
   pr\'82disposition.]

   1.  The  act  of  predisposing,  or  the  state  of being predisposed;
   previous   inclination,  tendency,  or  propensity;  predilection;  --
   applied to the mind; as, a predisposition to anger.

   2.  Previous  fitness  or  adaptation  to  any  change, impression, or
   purpose;  susceptibility;  --  applied  to  material  things;  as, the
   predisposition of the body to disease.

                                 Predominance

   Pre*dom"i*nance (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82dominance.]

   1. The quality or state of being predominant; superiority; ascendency;
   prevalence; predomination.

     The predominance of conscience over interest. South.

   2. (Astrol.) The superior influence of a planet. Shak.

                                 Predominancy

   Pre*dom"i*nan*cy (?), n. Predominance. Bacon.

                                  Predominant

   Pre*dom"i*nant  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pr\'82dominant. See Predominante.]
   Having the ascendency over others; superior in strength, influence, or
   authority;   prevailing;   as,   a   predominant   color;  predominant
   excellence.

     Those help . . . were predominant in the king's mind. Bacon.

     Foul subordination is predominant. Shak.

   Syn.  -- Prevalent; superior; prevailing; ascendant; ruling; reigning;
   controlling; overruling.

                                 Predominantly

   Pre*dom"i*nant*ly, adv. In a predominant manner.

                                  Predominate

   Pre*dom"i*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Predominated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Predominating.]  [Pref. pre- + dominate: cf. F. pr\'82dominer.] To
   be  superior  in  number,  strength,  influence, or authority; to have
   controlling  power  or  influence;  to  prevail;  to rule; to have the
   mastery; as, love predominated in her heart.

     [Certain] rays may predominate over the rest. Sir. I. Newton.

                                  Predominate

   Pre*dom"i*nate, v. t. To rule over; to overpower. [R.]

                                 Predomination

   Pre*dom`i*na"tion  (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82domination.] The act or state
   of predominating; ascendency; predominance. W. Browne.

                                    Predoom

   Pre*doom" (?), v. t. To foredoom.

                                   Predorsal

   Pre*dor"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the back; immediately
   in  front,  or  on  the  ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral
   column.

                                     Predy

   Pre"dy  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pr\'88t  ready.]  Cleared  and  ready  for
   engagement, as a ship. Smart.

                                    Preedy

   Preed"y (?), adv. With ease. [Prov. Eng.]

                                     Preef

   Preef (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Pre\'89lect

   Pre`\'89*lect" (?), v. t. To elect beforehand.

                                Pre\'89lection

   Pre`\'89*lec"tion (?), n. Election beforehand.

                                Pre\'89minence

   Pre*\'89m"i*nence (?), n. [F. pr\'82\'82minence, L. praeeminentia. See
   Pre\'89minent.]   The   quality   or  state  of  being  pre\'89minent;
   superiority  in  prominence or in excellence; distinction above others
   in  quality,  rank,  etc.;  rarely,  in  a  bad  sense, superiority or
   notoriety in evil; as, pre\'89minence in honor.

     The  pre\'89minence  of Christianity to any other religious scheme.
     Addison.

     Painful pre\'89minence! yourself to view Above life's weakness, and
     its comforts too. Pope.

     Beneath the forehead's walled pre\'89minence. Lowell.

                                 Pre\'89minent

   Pre*\'89m"i*nent  (?), a. [L. praeminens, -entis, p. pr. praeminere to
   be  prominent,  to  surpass:  cf.  F.  pr\'82\'82minent. See Pre-, and
   Eminent.] Eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent;
   superior  in  excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others;
   rarely,   surpassing   others  in  evil,  or  in  bad  qualities;  as,
   pre\'89minent in guilt.

     In goodness and in power pre\'89minent. Milton.

                                Pre\'89minently

   Pre*\'89m"i*nent*ly, adv. In a pre\'89minent degree.

                                 Pre\'89mploy

   Pre`\'89m*ploy  (?),  v.  t.  To employ beforehand. "Pre\'89mployed by
   him." Shak.

                                  Pre\'89mpt

   Pre*\'89mpt" (?; 215), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89mpted; p. pr. &
   vb.  n.  Pre\'89mpting.]  [See  Pre\'89mption.] To settle upon (public
   land)  with  a  right  of  preemption, as under the laws of the United
   States; to take by pre\'89mption.

                                 Pre\'89mption

   Pre*\'89mp"tion   (?;   215),   n.  [Pref.  pre-  +  emption:  cf.  F.
   pr\'82emption.  See  Redeem.]  The  act  or right of purchasing before
   others.  Specifically:  (a)  The  privilege  or  prerogative  formerly
   enjoyed  by  the  king  of  buying  provisions  for  his  household in
   preference  to  others. [Eng.] (b) The right of an actual settler upon
   public  lands  (particularly those of the United States) to purchase a
   certain   portion  at  a  fixed  price  in  preference  to  all  other
   applicants. Abbott.

                                Pre\'89mptioner

   Pre*\'89mp"tion*er  (?),  n. One who holds a prior to purchase certain
   public land. Abbott.

                                 Pre\'89mptive

   Pre*\'89mp"tive  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining to pre\'89mption; having
   power to pre\'89mpt; pre\'89mpting.

                                  Pre\'89mtor

   Pre*\'89mt"or  (?;  215), n. [Cf. L. praeemptor.] One who pre\'89mpts;
   esp., one who pre\'89mpts public land.

                                 Pre\'89mptory

   Pre*\'89mpt"o*ry (?), a. Pertaining to pre\'89mption.

                                     Preen

   Preen  (?),  n. [AS. pre\'a2n a clasp, bodkin; akin to D. priem punch,
   bodkin, awl, G. pfriem, Icel. prj&omac;nn a knitting needle, pin, Dan.
   preen  a  bodkin,  punch.] A forked tool used by clothiers in dressing
   cloth.

                                     Preen

   Preen,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Preened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preening.]
   [See Preen, n.; or cf. Prune.]

   1. To dress with, or as with, a preen; to trim or dress with the beak,
   as the feathers; -- said of birds. Derham.

   2. To trim up, as trees. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

                                 Pre\'89ngage

   Pre`\'89n*gage"  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89ngaged (?); p. pr. &
   vb. n. Pre\'89ngaging (?).] To engage by previous contract; to bind or
   attach previously; to preoccupy.

     But he was pre\'89ngaged by former ties. Dryden.

                               Pre\'89ngagement

   Pre`\'89n*gage"ment   (?),   n.   Prior   engagement,  obligation,  or
   attachment, as by contract, promise, or affection.

     My  pre\'89ngagements to other themes were not unknown to those for
     whom I was to write. Boyle.

                                  Pre\'89rect

   Pre`\'89*rect" (?), v. t. To erect beforehand.

                                     Prees

   Prees (?), n. Press; throng. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                Pre\'89stablish

   Pre`\'89s*tab"lish, v. t. To establish beforehand.

                              Pre\'89stablishment

   Pre`\'89s*tab"lish*ment, n. Settlement beforehand.

                                Pre\'89ternity

   Pre`\'89*ter"ni*ty  (?),  n.  Infinite  previous  duration.  [R.] "The
   world's pre\'89ternity." Cudworth.

                               Pre\'89xamination

   Pre`\'89x*am`i*na"tion (?), n. Previous examination.

                                 Pre\'89xamine

   Pre`\'89x*am"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89xamined (?); p. pr. &
   vb.   n.   Pre\'89xamining.]  To  examine  beforehand.  <--  in  orig,
   "perexamined"  had  no  dieresis  over  the  second "e" because it was
   broken by a hyphen at the end of a line. Thus this transcription is in
   such   cases   style  of  the  original  rather  than  typographically
   identical.  Similarly,  above at "preengaged" and below, at "preexist"
   -->

                                  Pre\'89xist

   Pre`\'89x*ist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pre\'89xisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pre\'89xisting.] To exist previously; to exist before something else.

                                Pre\'89xistence

   Pre`\'89x*ist"ence (?), n.

   1. Existence in a former state, or previous to something else.

     Wisdom  declares her antiquity and pre\'89xistence to all the works
     of this earth. T. Burnet.

   2. Existence of the soul before its union with the body; -- a doctrine
   held by certain philosophers. Addison.

                                Pre\'89xistency

   Pre`\'89x*ist"en*cy (?), n. Pre\'89xistence. [Obs.]

                                Pre\'89xistent

   Pre`\'89x*ist"ent  (?),  a.  Existing previously; preceding existence;
   as, a pre\'89xistent state. Pope.

                               Pre\'89xistentism

   Pre`\'89x*ist"ent*ism    (?),   n.   (Philos.)   The   theory   of   a
   pre\'89xistence  of  souls before their association with human bodies.
   Emerson.

                              Pre\'89xistimation

   Pre`\'89x*is`ti*ma"tion  (?), n. Previous esteem or estimation. [Obs.]
   Sir T. Browne.

                               Pre\'89xpectation

   Pre*\'89x`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Previous expectation.

                                    Preface

   Pref"ace  (?; 48), n. [F. pr\'82face; cf. Sp. prefacio, prefacion, It.
   prefazio,  prefazione;  all fr. L. praefatio, fr. praefari to speak or
   say beforehand; prae before + fari, fatus, to speak. See Fate.]

   1.  Something  spoken  as  introductory  to a discourse, or written as
   introductory  to  a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series
   of preliminary remarks.

     This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak.

     Heaven's high behest no preface needs. Milton.

   2.  (R.  C. Ch.) The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass.
   Addis & Arnold.
   Proper  preface  (Ch.  of  Eng.  &  Prot. Epis. Ch.), a portion of the
   communion service, preceding the prayer of consecration, appointed for
   certain  seasons.  Syn. -- Introduction; preliminary; preamble; proem;
   prelude; prologue.

                                    Preface

   Pref"ace,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Prefaced  (?);  p.  pr.  & vb. n.
   Prefacing.]  To  introduce  by a preface; to give a preface to; as, to
   preface a book discourse.

                                    Preface

   Pref"ace, v. i. To make a preface. Jer. Taylor.

                                   Prefacer

   Pref"a*cer (?), n. The writer of a preface.

                                  Prefatorial

   Pref`a*to"ri*al (?), a. Prefatory.

                                  Prefatorily

   Pref"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prefatory manner; by way of preface.

                                   Prefatory

   Pref"a*to*ry  (?),  a.  Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface;
   introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks.

     That prefatory addition to the Creed. Dryden.

                                    Prefect

   Pre"fect  (?),  n. [L. praefectus, fr. praefectus, p. p. of praeficere
   to set over; prae before + facere to make: cf. F. pr\'82fet.]

   1.  A  Roman  officer  who  controlled  or  superintended a particular
   command,  charge,  department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts;
   the  prefect  of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions;
   the  pretorian  prefect,  who was commander of the troops guarding the
   emperor's person.

   2.  A  superintendent  of  a  department who has control of its police
   establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation.
   [France] Brande & C.

   3.  In  the  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, a title of certain
   dignitaries below the rank of bishop.
   Apostolic prefect (R. C. Ch.), the head of a mission, not of episcopal
   rank. Shipley.

                                 Prefectorial

   Pre`fec*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prefect.

                                  Prefectship

   Pre"fect*ship (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a prefect.

                                  Prefecture

   Pre"fec*ture  (?; 277), n. [L. praefectura: cf. F. pr\'82fecture.] The
   office,  position,  or  jurisdiction  of a prefect; also, his official
   residence.

                                Prefecundation

   Pre*fec`un*da"tion  (?),  n. (Physiol.) A term collectively applied to
   the  changes  or  conditions  preceding fecundation, especially to the
   changes which the ovum undergoes before fecundation.

                                Prefecundatory

   Pre`fe*cun"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to prefecundation.

                                    Prefer

   Pre*fer"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Preferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Preferring.]  [F. pr\'82f\'82rer, L. praeferre; prae before + ferre to
   bear or carry. See 1st Bear.]

   1.  To  carry  or  bring (something) forward, or before one; hence, to
   bring  for  consideration,  acceptance,  judgment,  etc.; to offer; to
   present;  to  proffer;  to  address;  -- said especially of a request,
   prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc.

     He spake, and to her hand preferred the bowl. Pope.

     Presently prefer his suit to C\'91sar. Shak.

     Three tongues prefer strange orisons on high. Byron.

   2.  To go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass.
   [Obs.] "Though maidenhood prefer bigamy." Chaucer.

   3.  To  cause  to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an
   office  or  dignity;  to raise; to exalt; to promote; as, to prefer an
   officer to the rank of general.

     I would prefer him to a better place. Shak.

   4.  To  set  above  or  before something else in estimation, favor, or
   liking;  to  regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor;
   to choose rather; -- often followed by to, before, or above.

     If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. Ps. cxxxvii. 6.

     Preferred an infamous peace before a most just war. Knolles.

   Preferred  stock,  stock  which  takes a dividend before other capital
   stock; -- called also preference stock and preferential stock. Syn. --
   To choose; elect. See Choose.

                                 Preferability

   Pref`er*a*bil"i*ty  (?),  n. The quality or state of being preferable;
   preferableness. J. S. Mill.

                                  Preferable

   Pref"er*a*ble   (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pr\'82f\'82rable.]  Worthy  to  be
   preferred  or  chosen  before  something  else;  more desirable; as, a
   preferable scheme. Addison.

                                Preferableness

   Pref"er*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being preferable.

                                  Preferably

   Pref"er*a*bly, adv. In preference; by choice.

     To choose Plautus preferably to Terence. Dennis.

                                  Preference

   Pref"er*ence (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82f\'82rence.]

   1. The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting
   of   one   thing   before   another;  precedence;  higher  estimation;
   predilection;  choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as,
   to give him his preference.

     Leave  the  critics  on either side to contend about the preference
     due to this or that sort of poetry. Dryden.

     Knowledge  of  things  alone  gives  a value to our reasonings, and
     preference of one man's knowledge over another's. Locke.

   2.  That  which  is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor;
   as, which is your preference?

                                 Preferential

   Pref`er*en"tial  (?), a. Giving, indicating, or having a preference or
   precedence; as, a preferential claim; preferential shares.

                                  Preferment

   Pre*fer"ment (?), n.

   1. The act of choosing, or the state of being chosen; preference. [R.]

     Natural  preferment  of  the  one  .  .  . before the other. Sir T.
     Browne.

   2. The act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the state
   of being advanced; promotion.

     Neither royal blandishments nor promises of valuable preferment had
     been spared. Macaulay.

   3. A position or office of honor or profit; as, the preferments of the
   church.

                                   Preferrer

   Pre*fer"rer (?), n. One who prefers.

                                  Prefidence

   Pref"i*dence  (?),  n. The quality or state of being prefident. [Obs.]
   Baxter.

                                   Prefident

   Pref"i*dent  (?),  a.  [Cf. L. praefidens overconfident. See Pre-, and
   Confident.] Trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident. [Obs.] Baxter.

                                  Prefigurate

   Pre*fig"u*rate  (?), v. t. [L. praefiguratus, p. p. See Prefigure.] To
   prefigure. [R.] Grafton.

                                 Prefiguration

   Pre*fig`u*ra"tion  (?), n. [L. praefiguratio.] The act of prefiguring,
   or the state of being prefigured.

     A variety of prophecies and prefigurations. Norris.

                                 Prefigurative

   Pre*fig"ur*a*tive (?), a. Showing by prefiguration. "The prefigurative
   atonement." Bp. Horne.

                                   Prefigure

   Pre*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefigured (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Prefiguring.] [F. pr\'82figurer, or L. praefigurare, praefiguratum;
   prae before + figurare to figure. See Figure, and cf. Prefigurate.] To
   show,  suggest,  or  announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to
   foreshadow. "Whom all the various types prefigured." South.

                                 Prefigurement

   Pre*fig"ure*ment  (?), n. The act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also,
   that which is prefigured. Carlyle.

                                    Prefine

   Pre*fine"  (?),  v.  t. [L. praefinire; prae before + finire to limit,
   determine: cf. F. pr\'82finer.] To limit beforehand. [Obs.] Knolles.
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   Page 1129

                                   Prefinite

   Pre*fi"nite  (?), a. [L. praefinitus, p. p.] Prearranged. [Obs.] " Set
   and prefinite time." Holland.

                                  Prefinition

   Pref`i*ni"tion  (?),  n. [L. praefinitio.] Previous limitation. [Obs.]
   Fotherby.

                                    Prefix

   Pre*fix"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Prefixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prefixing.]  [L.  praefixus,  p.  p.  of  praefigere  to fix or fasten
   before;   prae  before  +  figere  to  fix:  cf.  F.  pr\'82fix  fixed
   beforehand, determined, pr\'82fixer to prefix. See Fix.]

   1. To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as, to
   prefix a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement.

   2.  To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently.
   [Obs.] " Prefixed bounds. " Locke.

     And now he hath to her prefixt a day. Spenser.

                                    Prefix

   Pre"fix (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82fixe.] That which is prefixed; esp., one
   or  more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of
   a  word  to  modify  its  signification;  as,  pre- in prefix, con- in
   conjure.

                                   Prefixion

   Pre*fix"ion  (?),  n.  [Cf. OF. prefixion.] The act of prefixing. [R.]
   Bailey.

                                 Prefloration

   Pre`flo*ra"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
   \'92stivation.

                                 Prefoliation

   Pre*fo`li*a"tion  (?),  n.  [Pref.  pre-  +  L.  folium  leaf.] (Bot.)
   Vernation.

                                    Preform

   Pre*form"  (,  v.  t.  [L.  praeformare.  See Pre-, and Form.] To form
   beforehand,   or  for  special  ends.  "Their  natures  and  preformed
   faculties. " Shak.

                                 Preformation

   Pre`for*ma"tion  (?),  n. (Biol.) An old theory of the pre\'89xistence
   of germs. Cf. Embo&icir;tement.

                                 Preformative

   Pre*form"a*tive (?), n. A formative letter at the beginning of a word.
   M. Stuart.

                                  Prefrontal

   Pre*fron"tal  (?),  a.  (Anat.  &  Zo\'94l.)  Situated in front of the
   frontal  bone,  or  the  frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a
   certain  bone in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales
   of reptiles and fishes. -- n. A prefrontal bone or scale.

                                  Prefulgency

   Pre*ful"gen*cy (?), n. [L. praefulgens, p. pr. of praefulgere to shine
   forth. See Pre-, and Fulgent.] Superior brightness or effulgency. [R.]
   Barrow.

                                    Pregage

   Pre*gage" (, v. t. To pre\'89ngage. [Obs.] Fuller.

                                  Preglacial

   Pre*gla"cial (?), a. (Geol.) Prior to the glacial or drift period.

                                   Pregnable

   Preg"na*ble  (?),  a, [F. prenable. See Impregnable.] Capable of being
   entered,  taken,  or  captured; expugnable; as, a pregnable fort. [R.]
   Cotgrave.

                                   Pregnance

   Preg"nance (?), n. Pregnancy. [Obs.] Milton.

                                   Pregnancy

   Preg"nan*cy (?), n.

   1. The condition of being pregnant; the state of being with young.

   2.  Figuratively:  The quality of being heavy with important contents,
   issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity; fertility.
   Fuller.

                                   Pregnant

   Preg"nant  (?),  a.  [L.  praegnans,  -antis;  prae  before  + genere,
   gignere, to beget: cf. F. pr\'82gnant. See Gender, 2d Kin.]

   1.  Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young;
   breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth.

   2.  Heavy  with  important  contents,  significance, or issue; full of
   consequence  or  results;  weighty; as, pregnant replies. " A pregnant
   argument."  Prynne.  " A pregnant brevity."<-- pregnant silence --> E.
   Everett.

   3.  Full  of  promise;  abounding  in  ability, resources, etc.; as, a
   pregnant youth. [Obs.] Evelyn.

     Wherein the pregnant enemy does much. Shak.

   Pregnant  construction  (Rhet.),  one in which more is implied than is
   said;  as,  the  beasts  trembled forth from their dens, that is, came
   forth trembling with fright.

                                   Pregnant

   Preg"nant, n. A pregnant woman. [R.] Dunglison.

                                   Pregnant

   Preg"nant,  a. [F. prenant taking. Cf. Pregnable.] Affording entrance;
   receptive;  yielding; willing; open; prompt. [Obs.] " Pregnant to good
   pity." Shak.

                                  Pregnantly

   Preg"nant*ly, adv. In a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly.

                                  Pregnantly

   Preg"nant*ly,  adv.  Unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently.
   [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Pregravate

   Pre"gra*vate  (?),  v. t. [L. praegravatus, p. p. of praegravare to be
   heavy  upon,  fr.  praegravis  very  heavy.] To bear down; to depress.
   [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

                                 Pregravitate

   Pre*grav"i*tate (?), v. i. To descend by gravity; to sink. [R.] Boyle.

                                  Pregustant

   Pre*gus"tant  (?),  a. [L. praegustans, p. pr. of praegustare to taste
   beforehand;  prae  before  +  gustare  to  taste.] Tasting beforehand;
   having a foretaste. [R.] Ed. Rev.

                                 Pregustation

   Pre`gus*ta"tion (?), n. The act of tasting beforehand; foretaste. [R.]
   Dr. Walker (1678).

                                   Prehallux

   Pre*hal"lux (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Hallux.] (Anat.) An extra first
   toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side of the hallux.

                                    Prehend

   Pre*hend" (, v. t. [L. prehendere. See Prehensile.] To lay hold of; to
   seize. [Obs.] Middleton.

                                 Prehensi-ble

   Pre*hen"si-ble  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pr\'82hensible.]  Capable of being
   seized.

                                  Prehensile

   Pre*hen"sile  (?),  a.  [L. prehensus, p. p. of prehendere to lay hold
   of,  seize; pre- (equiv. to prae before) + hendere (in comp.), akin to
   E.  get:  cf.  F.  pr\'82hensile.  See Get, and cf. Prison, Prize, n.]
   Adapted  to seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; as, the prehensile tail
   of a monkey.

                                  Prehension

   Pre*hen"sion   (?),  n.  [L.  prehensio;  cf.  F.  pr\'82hension.  See
   Prehensile.] The act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the
   hand or other member.

                                  Prehensory

   Pre*hen"so*ry (?), a. Adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile.

                                  Prehistoric

   Pre`his*tor"ic  (?),  a.  Of  or pertaining to a period before written
   history begins; as, the prehistoric ages; prehistoric man.

                                   Prehnite

   Prehn"ite  (?), n. [So called from the German Colonel Prehn, who first
   found  it.]  (Min.)  A  pale  green  mineral  occurring in crystalline
   aggregates  having a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in
   distinct crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

                                   Prehnitic

   Prehn*it"ic   (?),   a.  (Chem.)  Pertaining  to,  or  designating,  a
   tetrabasic  acid of benzene obtained as a white crystalline substance;
   -- probably so called from the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to
   the mammill\'91 on the surface of prehnite.

                                Preindesignate

   Pre`in*des"ig*nate  (?),  a.  (Logic.)  Having  no  sign expressive of
   quantity; indefinite. See Predesignate.

                                 Preindispose

   Pre*in`dis*pose" ( v. t. To render indisposed beforehand. Milman.

                                  Preinstruct

   Pre`in*struct"  (  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Preinstructed; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Preinstructing.] To instruct previously or beforehand. Dr. H. More.

                                 Preintimation

   Pre*in`ti*ma"tion (?) n. Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand.
   T. Scott.

                                   Prejudge

   Pre*judge"  (  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Prejudged  (; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prejudging.]  [Pref. pre + judge: cf. F. pr\'82juger. Cf. Prejudicate,
   Prejudice.]  To  judge  before  hearing, or before full and sufficient
   examination;  to  decide  or  sentence  by  anticipation;  to  condemn
   beforehand.

     The  committee of council hath prejudged the whole case, by calling
     the united sense of both houses of Parliament" a universal clamor."
     Swift.

                                  Prejudgment

   Pre*judg"ment   (?),   n.  The  act  of  prejudging;  decision  before
   sufficient examination.

                                  Prejudicacy

   Pre*ju"di*ca*cy  (?),  n.  Prejudice;  prepossession.  [Obs.]  Sir. H.
   Blount.

                                  Prejudical

   Pre*ju"di*cal  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to the determination of some
   matter  not  previously decided; as, a prejudical inquiry or action at
   law.

                                  Prejudicant

   Pre*ju"di*cant  (?),  a.  [L.  praejudicans,  p.  pr.]  Influenced  by
   prejudice;  biased.  [R.]  " With not too hasty and prejudicant ears."
   Milton.

                                  Prejudicate

   Pre*ju"di*cate  (?),  a.  [L.  praejudicatus, p. p. of praejudicare to
   prejudge; prae before + judicare to judge. See Judge.]

   1.   Formed   before   due  examination.  "Ignorance  and  prejudicate
   opinions." Jer. Taylor.

   2.  Biased  by  opinions  formed prematurely; prejudiced. "Prejudicate
   readers." Sir T. Browne.

                                  Prejudicate

   Pre*ju"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudicated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Prejudicating.] [Cf. Prejudge.] To determine beforehand, especially
   to disadvantage; to prejudge.

     Our dearest friend Prejudicates the business. Shak.

                                  Prejudicate

   Pre*ju"di*cate, v. i. To prejudge. Sir P. Sidney.

                                 Prejudicately

   Pre*ju"di*cate*ly (?), adv. With prejudice.

                                 Prejudication

   Pre*ju`di*ca"tion (?), n.

   1.  The act of prejudicating, or of judging without due examination of
   facts and evidence; prejudgment.

   2.  (Rom.  Law)  (a)  A  preliminary  inquiry  and determination about
   something  which  belongs  to  a  matter  in  dispute.  (b) A previous
   treatment and decision of a point; a precedent.

                                 Prejudicative

   Pre*ju"di*ca*tive  (?), a. Forming a judgment without due examination;
   prejudging. Dr. H. More.

                                   Prejudice

   Prej"u*dice  (?)  n.  [F. pr\'82judice, L. praejudicium; prae before +
   judicium judgment. See Prejudicate, Judicial.]

   1. Foresight. [Obs.]

     Naught might hinder his quick prejudize. Spenser.

   2. An opinion or judgment formed without due examination; prejudgment;
   a leaning toward one side of a question from other considerations than
   those  belonging to it; an unreasonable predilection for, or objection
   against,  anything;  especially,  an  opinion  or  leaning  adverse to
   anything, without just grounds, or before sufficient knowledge.

     Though  often  misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically
     an honest man. Macaulay.

   3.  (Law)  A  bias  on  the  part  of  judge,  juror, or witness which
   interferes with fairness of judgment.

   4. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment. Locke.

     England  and  France  might,  through  their  amity, Breed him some
     prejudice. Shak.

   Syn.   --   Prejudgment;  prepossession;  bias;  harm;  hurt;  damage;
   detriment; mischief; disadvantage.

                                   Prejudice

   Prej"u*dice,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Prejudiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prejudicing (?).] [Cf. F. pr\'82judicier. See Prejudice, n.]

   1.  To  cause  to  have  prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed
   without  due  knowledge  or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty
   and incorrect notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one side
   or the other of a cause; as, to prejudice a critic or a juryman.

     Suffer  not  any  beloved study to prejudice your mind so far as to
     despise all other learning. I. Watts

   2.  To  obstruct  or  injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the
   mind;  hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; as,
   to prejudice a good cause.

     Seek how may prejudice the foe. Shak

                                  Prejudicial

   Prej`u*di"cial  (?)  a.  [L.  praejudicialis  belonging to a preceding
   judgment: cf. F. pr\'82judiciel.]

   1.  Biased,  possessed,  or  blinded by prejudices; as, to look with a
   prejudicial eye. [Obs.] Holyday.

   2. Tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious; disadvantageous;
   detrimental. Hooker.

     His  going  away . . . was most prejudicial and most ruinous to the
     king's affairs. Clarendon.

   -- Prej`u*di"cial*ly, adv. -- Prej`u*di"cial*ness, n.

                                 Preknowledge

   Pre*knowl"edge (?), n. Prior knowledge.

                                    Prelacy

   Prel"a*cy  (?) n.; pl. Prelacies (#). [LL. praelatia. See Prelate; cf.
   Prelaty.]

   1. The office or dignity of a prelate; church government by prelates.

     Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices. Ayliffe.

   2.   The   order   of   prelates,  taken  collectively;  the  body  of
   ecclesiastical dignitaries. "Divers of the reverend prelacy, and other
   most judicious men." Hooker.

                                    Prelal

   Pre"lal  (?),  a.  [L.  prelum a press.] Of or pertaining to printing;
   typographical. [Obs.] Fuller.

                                    Prelate

   Prel"ate  (?;  48), n. [F. pr\'82lat, LL. praelatus, fr. L. praelatus,
   used  as  p. p. of praeferre to prefer, but from a different root. See
   Elate.] A clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop,
   having authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church.

     NOTE: &hand; This word and the words derived from it are often used
     invidiously,  in  English  ecclesiastical  history,  by dissenters,
     respecting the Established Church system.

     Hear  him  but  reason in divinity, . . . You would desire the king
     were made a prelate. Shak.

                                    Prelate

   Prel"ate (?), v. i. To act as a prelate. [Obs.]

     Right prelating is busy laboring, and not lording. Latimer.

                                  Prelateity

   Prel`a*te"i*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.

                                  Prelateship

   Prel"ate*ship, n. The office of a prelate. Harmar.

                                   Prelatess

   Prel"a*tess  (?),  n. A woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate.
   Milton.

                                   Prelatial

   Pre*la"tial (?), a. Prelatical. Beaconsfield.

                             Prelatic, Prelatical

   Pre*lat"ic  (?), Pre*lat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to prelates or
   prelacy; as, prelatical authority. Macaulay.

                                 Prelatically

   Pre*lat"ic*al*ly,  adv.  In  a  prelatical  manner;  with reference to
   prelates. Milton.

     The last Georgic was a good prelude to the \'92neis.

                                   Prelation

     Pre*la"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  praelatio:  cf.  F.  pr\'82lation.  See
     Prelate,  and  cf.  Prefer.]  The  setting  of  one  above another;
     preference. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

                                   Prelatism

     Prel"a*tism (?), n. Prelacy; episcopacy.

                                   Prelatist

     Prel"a*tist  (?)  n.  One who supports of advocates prelacy, or the
     government  of  the  church  by  prelates; hence, a high-churchman.
     Hume.

     I am an Episcopalian, but not a prelatist. T. Scott.

                                   Prelatize

     Prel"a*tize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelatized (?); p. pr. & vb.
     n.  Prelatizing  (?).]  To  bring  under  the influence of prelacy.
     Palfrey.

                                   Prelatize

     Prel"a*tize,  v.  i.  To  uphold  or encourage prelacy; to exercise
     prelatical functions.

     An episcopacy that began then to prelatize. Milton.

                                   Prelatry

     Prel"a*try (?), n. Prelaty; prelacy. [Obs.]

                         Prelature; 135, Prelatureship

     Prel"a*ture (?; 135), Prel"a*ture*ship, n. [F. pr\'82lature, or LL.
     praelatura.] The state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy. Milman.

                                    Prelaty

     Prel"a*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.

                                    Prelect

     Pre*lect"  (?)  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Prelected; p. pr. & vb. n.
     Prelecting.]  [L.  praelectus,  p. p. of praelegere to read before.
     See  Pre-,  and  Lection.]  To  read  publicly,  as  a  lecture  or
     discourse.

                                    Prelect

     Pre*lect", v. i. To discourse publicly; to lecture.

     Spitting . . . was publicly prelected upon. De. Quincey.

     To prelect upon the military art. Bp. Horsley.

                                  Prelection

     Pre*lec"tion  (?),  n. [L. praelectio.] A lecture or discourse read
     in  public  or to a select company. "The prelections of Faber." Sir
     M. Hale.

                                   Prelector

     Pre*lec"tor  (?),  n.  [L.  praelector.]  A  reader  of lectures or
     discourses; a lecturer. Sheldon.

                                  Prelibation

     Pre`li*ba"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  praelibatio, fr. praelibare to taste
     beforehand: cf. F. prelibation.]

     1.  A.  tasting  beforehand, or by anticipation; a foretaste; as, a
     prelibation of heavenly bliss.

     2. A pouring out, or libation, before tasting.

                                 Preliminarily

     Pre*lim"i*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a preliminary manner.

                                  Preliminary

     Pre*lim"i*na*ry  (?),  a.  [Pref. pre + L. liminaris belonging to a
     threshold,   fr.   limen,  liminis,  threshold,  entrance:  cf.  F.
     pr\'82liminaire.  Cf. Limit.] Introductory; previous; preceding the
     main discourse or business; prefatory; as, preliminary observations
     to   a  discourse  or  book;  preliminary  articles  to  a  treaty;
     preliminary    measures;    preliminary   examinations.   Syn.   --
     Introductory;  preparatory;  prefatory;  proemial; previous; prior;
     precedent; antecedent.

                                  Preliminary

     Pre*lim"i*na*ry,  n.;  pl. Preliminaries (. That which precedes the
     main  discourse,  work, design, or business; something introductory
     or  preparatory; as, the preliminaries to a negotiation or duel; to
     take  one's preliminaries the year before entering college. Syn. --
     Introduction; preface; prelude.

                                   Prelimit

     Pre*lim"it (?), v. t. To limit previously. [R.]

                                    Prelook

     Pre*look", v. i. To look forward. [Obs.] Surrey.

                                    Prelude

     Pre"lude (?), n. [F. pr\'82lude (cf. It. preludio, LL. praeludium),
     fr.   L.  prae  before  +  ludus  play.  See  Prelude,  v.  t.]  An
     introductory performance, preceding and preparing for the principal
     matter;  a  preliminary  part,  movement,  strain, etc.; especially
     (Mus.), a strain introducing the theme or chief subject; a movement
     introductory  to a fugue, yet independent; -- with recent composers
     often synonymous with overture.

     The last Georgic was a good prelude to the \'92nis Addison.

     The  cause  is  more  than the prelude, the effect is more than the
     sequel, of the fact. Whewell.

     Syn.  --  Preface; introduction; preliminary; preamble; forerunner;
     harbinger; precursor.

                                    Prelude

     Pre*lude"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Preluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
     Preluding.]  [L.  praeludere,  praelusum;  prae  before + ludere to
     play:  cf.  F. pr\'82luder. See Ludicrous.] To play an introduction
     or prelude; to give a prefatory performance; to serve as prelude.

     The musicians preluded on their instruments. Sir. W. Scott.

     We  are  preluding too largely, and must come at once to the point.
     Jeffrey.

                                    Prelude

     Pre*lude", v. t.

     1.  To  introduce with a previous performance; to play or perform a
     prelude to; as, to prelude a concert with a lively air.

     2. To serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory.

     [Music] preluding some great tragedy. Longfellow

                                   Preluder

     Pre*lud"er  (?), n. One who, or that which, preludes; one who plays
     a prelude. Mason.

                                   Preludial

     Pre*lud"i*al  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature
     of a prelude; introductory. [R.]

                                  Preludious

     Pre*lud"i*ous (?) a. Preludial. [R.] Dr. H. More.

                                   Prelumbar

     Pre*lum"bar  (?),  a.  (Anat.) Situated immediately in front of the
     loins;- applied to the dorsal part of the abdomen.

                                   Prelusive

     Pre*lu"sive  (?),  a.  [See  Prelude.]  Of the nature of a prelude;
     introductory;  indicating  that  something  of  a  like  kind is to
     follow. "Prelusive drops." Thomson. --Pre*lu"sive*ly, adv.

                                  Prelusorily

     Pre*lu"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prelusory way.

                                   Prelusory

     Pre*lu"so*ry (?), a. Introductory; prelusive. Bacon.
       ______________________________________________________________

     Page 1130

                                   Premature

     Pre`ma*ture"  (?),  a. [L. praematurus; prae before + maturus ripe.
     See Mature.]

     1.  Mature or ripe before the proper time; as, the premature fruits
     of a hotbed.

     2. Happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or
     usual  time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; as, a premature
     fall  of  snow;  a  premature birth; a premature opinion; premature
     decay.

     3. Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as,
     a premature report. -- Pre`ma*ture"ly, adv. -- Pre`ma*ture"ness, n.

                                  Prematurity

     Pre`ma*tu"ri*ty  (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82maturit\'82.] The quality or
     state  of  being  premature;  early, or untimely, ripeness; as, the
     prematurity of genius.

                                  Premaxilla

     Pre"max*il"la  (?)  n.;  pl.  Premaxill\'91 (#). [NL. See Pre-, and
     Maxilla.]  (Anat.) A bone on either side of the middle line between
     the  nose  and mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the
     upper  jawbone;  the  intermaxilla. In man the premaxill\'91 become
     united and form the incisor part of the maxillary bone.

                                 Premaxillary

     Pre*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the maxillary
     bones;  pertaining  to  the  premaxill\'91; intermaxillary. -- n. A
     premaxilla.

                                  Premediate

     Pre*me"di*ate (?), v. t. To advocate. [R.]

                                  Premeditate

     Pre*med"i*tate  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premeditated (-t\'be`t?d);
     p.  pr.  &  vb.  n.  Premeditating.]  [L.  praemeditatus,  p. p. of
     praemeditari; prae before + meditari to meditate. See Meditate.] To
     think  on,  and  revolve  in  the mind, beforehand; to contrive and
     design previously; as, to premeditate robbery.

     With words premeditated thus he said. Dryden.

                                  Premeditate

     Pre*med"i*tate, v. i. To think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in
     the mind, beforehand.

                                  Premeditate

     Pre*med"i*tate  (?),  a.  [L.  praemeditatus,  p. p.] Premeditated;
     deliberate. [Archaic] Bp. Burnet.

                                 Premeditately

     Pre*med"i*tate*ly, adv. With premeditation. Burke.

                                 Premeditation

     Pre*med`i*ta"tion    (?),    n.    [L.    praemeditatio:   cf.   F.
     pr\'82m\'82ditation.]   The   act   of   meditating  or  contriving
     beforehand; previous deliberation; forethought.

                                   Premerit

     Pre*mer"it  (?), v. t. To merit or deserve beforehand. [Obs.] Eikon
     Basi 

                               Premial, Premiant

     Pre"mi*al  (?),  Pre"mi*ant  (?),  a. [L. praemialis. See Premium.]
     Serving to reward; rewarding. [R.] Baxter.

                                   Premices

     Prem"i*ces   (?),   n.  pl.  [F.  pr\'82mices,  L.  primitiae.  See
     Primitia.] First fruits. [Obs.] Dryden.

                                    Premier

     Pre"mi*er  (?), a. [F. premier, fr. L. primarius of the first rank,
     principal, fr. primus the first. See Primary, Prime, a.]

     1.   First;  chief;  principal;  as,  the  premier  place;  premier
     minister. Camden. Swift.

     2.  Most  ancient;  -- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of
     his degree.

                                    Premier

     Pre"mi*er (?), n. The first minister of state; the prime minister.

                                  Premiership

     Pre"mi*er*ship, n. The office of the premier.

                                 Premillennial

     Pre`mil*len"ni*al (?), a, Previous to the millennium.

                                   Premious

     Pre"mi*ous (?), a. [L. praemiosus, fr. praemium a premium.] Rich in
     gifts. [R.] Clarke.

                                    Premise

     Prem"ise  (?),  n.;  pl.  Premises (. [Written also, less properly,
     premiss.]  [F. pr\'82misse, fr. L. praemissus, p. p. of praemittere
     to send before; prae before + mittere to send. See Mission.]

     1.   A  proposition  antecedently  supposed  or  proved;  something
     previously  stated  or  assumed as the basis of further argument; a
     condition; a supposition.

     The  premises observed, Thy will by my performance shall be served.
     Shak.

     2.  (Logic)  Either  of  the first two propositions of a syllogism,
     from which the conclusion is drawn.

     NOTE: "All si nners de serve pu nishment: A  B  is a sinner." These
     propositions,  which  are the premises, being true or admitted, the
     conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment.

     While  the  premises  stand  firm,  it  is  impossible to shake the
     conclusion. Dr. H. More.

     3.  pl.  (Law)  Matters  previously stated or set forth; esp., that
     part  in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express
     the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed,
     and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.

     4.  pl. A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to
     lease premises; to trespass on another's premises.

                                    Premise

     Pre*mise"  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Premised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
     Premising.]  [From  L.  praemissus,  p.  p.,  or E. premise, n. See
     Premise, n.]

     1.  To  send  before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be
     before something else; to employ previously. [Obs.]

     The premised flames of the last day. Shak.

     If venesection and a cathartic be premised. E. Darwin.

     2. To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject;
     to   offer   previously,   as   something  to  explain  or  aid  in
     understanding  what  follows;  especially,  to lay down premises or
     first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings.

     I  premise  these particulars that the reader may know that I enter
     upon it as a very ungrateful task. Addison.

                                    Premise

     Pre*mise" (?), v. i. To make a premise; to set forth something as a
     premise. Swift.

                                    Premiss

     Prem"iss (?), n. Premise. Whately. I. Watts

                                    Premit

     Pre*mit" (?), v. t. To premise. [Obs.] Donne.

                                    Premium

     Pre"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Premiums (#). [L. praemium, originally, what
     one  has  got  before or better than others; prae before + emere to
     take, buy. See Redeem.]

     1.  A  reward  or  recompense;  a  prize  to be won by being before
     another,  or  others,  in  a  competition;  reward  or  prize to be
     adjudged; a bounty; as, a premium for good behavior or scholarship,
     for discoveries, etc.

     To  think  it  not  the necessity, but the premium and privilege of
     life, to eat and sleep without any regard to glory. Burke.

     The  law that obliges parishes to support the poor offers a premium
     for the encouragement of idleness. Franklin.

     2.  Something  offered  or  given  for the loan of money; bonus; --
     sometimes  synonymous with interest, but generally signifying a sum
     in addition to the capital.

     People  were tempted to lend, by great premiums and large interest.
     Swift.

     3.  A  sum  of  money  paid  to  underwriters for insurance, or for
     undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.

     4. A sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value
     of  anything;  as,  gold  was  at a premium; he sold his stock at a
     premium.

                                   Premolar

     Pre*mo"lar  (?),  a.  (Anat.) Situated in front of the molar teeth.
     --n.  An anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar.
     See Tooth.

                                   Premonish

     Pre*mon"ish  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premonished (?); p. pr. & vb.
     n.  Premonishing.]  [Pref.  pre-  +  monish: cf. L. praemonere.] To
     forewarn; to admonish beforehand. [R.] Herrick.

     To teach, and to premonish. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

                                 Premonishment

     Pre*mon"ish*ment   (?),   n.   Previous   warning   or  admonition;
     forewarning. Sir H. Wotton.

                                  Premonition

     Pre`mo*ni"tion  (?),  n.  [L. praemonitio. See Premonish.] Previous
     warning,  notice, or information; forewarning; as, a premonition of
     danger.

                                  Premonitor

     Pre*mon"i*tor  (?),  n.  [L.  praemonitor.] One who, or that which,
     gives premonition.

                                  Premonitory

     Pre*mon"i*to*ry   (?),  a.  [L.  praemonitorius.]  Giving  previous
     warning   or  notice;  as,  premonitory  symptoms  of  disease.  --
     Pre*mon"i*to*ri*ly (#), adv.

                                 Premonstrant

     Pre*mon"strant (?), n. A Premonstratensian.

                                 Premonstrate

     Pre*mon"strate   (?),   v.   t.   [L.   praemonstratus,  p.  p.  of
     praemonstrare;   prae   before   +  monstrate  to  show.]  To  show
     beforehand; to foreshow. [R.] Herbert.

                               Premonstratensian

     Pre*mon`stra*ten"sian     (?),     n.    [F.pr\'82montr\'82,    fr.
     Pr\'82montr\'82,  fr.  L.  pratum monstratum.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a
     religious  order  of  regular  canons  founded  by  St.  Norbert at
     Pr\'82montr\'82,  in  France, in 1119. The members of the order are
     called also White Canons, Norbertines, and Premonstrants.

                                Premonstration

     Pre`mon*stra"tion   (?),   n.   [L.   praemonstratio.]   A  showing
     beforehand; foreshowing.

                                 Premonstrator

     Pre*mon"stra*tor  (?),  n.  [L.  praemonstrator.]  One who, or that
     which, premonstrates. [R.]

                                   Premorse

     Pre*morse"  (?),  a.  [L.  praemorsus, p. p. of praemordere to bite
     off;  prae before + mordere to bite.] Terminated abruptly, or as it
     bitten off.

   Premorse  root  OR  leaves (Bot.), such as have an abrupt, ragged, and
   irregular termination, as if bitten off short.

                                   Premosaic

   Pre`mo*sa"ic  (?)  a. Relating to the time before Moses; as, premosaic
   history.

                                   Premotion

   Pre*mo"tion   (?)  n.  [Pref.  pre-  +  motion.]  Previous  motion  or
   excitement to action.

                                   Premunire

   Prem`u*ni"re (?), n. (Law) See Pr\'91munire.

                                   Premunite

   Prem`u*nite"  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  praemunitus,  p.  p. of praemunire to
   fortify  in  front;  prae  before  +  munire  to  fortify.] To fortify
   beforehand; to guard against objection. [Obs.] Fotherby.

                                  Premunition

   Pre`mu*ni"tion  (?),  n.  [L. praemunitio: cf. F. pr\'82munition.] The
   act of fortifying or guarding against objections. [Obs.]

                                  Premunitory

   Pre*mu"ni*to*ry  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  premunire; as, a
   premunitory process.

                                   Prenasal

   Pre*na"sal  (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the nose, or in front
   of the nasal chambers.

                                   Prenatal

   Pre*na"tal (?), a. Being or happening before birth.

                                    Prender

   Pren"der  (?),  n.  [F.  prendre  to take, fr. L. prehendere to take.]
   (Law)  The  power  or  right  of  taking a thing before it is offered.
   Burrill.

                                   Prenomen

   Pre*no"men (?), n. See Pr\'91nomen.

                                  Prenominal

   Pre*nom"i*nal  (?),  a. Serving as a prefix in a compound name. Sir T.
   Browne.

                                  Prenominate

   Pre*nom"i*nate (?) a. [L. praenominatus, p. p. of praenominare to give
   the  prenomen  to, to prenominate, fr. praenomen prenomen.] Forenamed;
   named beforehand. [R.] "Prenominate crimes." Shak.

                                  Prenominate

   Pre*nom"i*nate  (?), v. t. To forename; to name beforehand; to tell by
   name beforehand. Shak.

                                 Prenomination

   Pre*nom`i*na*tion (?), n. The act of prenominating; privilege of being
   named first. Sir T. Browne.

                                   Prenostic

   Pre*nos"tic  (?),  n.  [L.  praenoscere  to  foreknow;  prae  before +
   noscere, notum, to know.] A prognostic; an omen. [Obs.] Gower.

                                    Prenote

   Pre*note" (?), v. t. [L. praenotare; prae before + notare to note.] To
   note or designate beforehand. Foxe.

                                   Prenotion

   Pre*no"tion (?) n. [L. praenotio: cf. F. pr\'82notion. See Prenostic.]
   A  notice  or  notion  which precedes something else in time; previous
   notion or thought; foreknowledge. Bacon.

                                  Prensation

   Pren*sa"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  prensatio,  from prensare, prehensare, v.
   freq.  from  prehendere  to  seize.] The act of seizing with violence.
   [Obs.] Barrow .

                                   Prentice

   Pren"tice  (?),  n. [Aphetic form of apprentice.] An apprentice. [Obs.
   or Colloq.] Piers Plowman. "My accuser is my prentice." Shak.

                                 Prenticehood

   Pren"tice*hood (, n. Apprenticehood. [Obs.]

     This  jolly  prentice  with his master bode Till he was out nigh of
     his prenticehood. Chaucer.

                                 Prenticeship

   Pren"tice*ship, n. Apprenticeship. [Obs. or Colloq.]

     He served a prenticeship who sets up shop. Pope.

                                 Prenunciation

   Pre*nun`ci*a"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  praenunciatio,  fr.  praenunciare to
   announce beforehand. See Pre-, and Announce.] The act of announcing or
   proclaiming beforehand. [Obs.]

                                  Prenuncious

   Pre*nun"cious   (?),   a.  [L.  praenuncius.]  Announcing  beforehand;
   presaging. [Obs.] Blount.

                                 Preoblongata

   Pre*ob`lon*ga"ta  (?),  n.  [NL. See Pre-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The
   anterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

                                   Preobtain

   Pre`ob*tain" (?), v. t. To obtain beforehand.

                                 Preoccupancy

   Pre*oc"cu*pan*cy (?), n. [See Preoccupate.] The act or right of taking
   possession before another; as, the preoccupancy of wild land.

                                  Preoccupate

   Pre*oc"cu*pate  (?), v. t. [L. praeoccupatus, p. p. of praeoccupare to
   preoccupy. See Preoccupy.]

   1.  To  anticipate;  to  take  before.  [Obs.]  "Fear preoccupateth it
   [death]." Bacon.

   2. To prepossess; to prejudice. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

                                 Preoccupation

   Pre*oc`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. praeoccupatio: cf. F. pr\'82occupation.]

   1.  The  act  of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the
   state of being preoccupied; prepossession.

   2. Anticipation of objections. [R.] South.

                                   Preoccupy

   Pre*oc"cu*py  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preoccupied (-p\'c6d); p. pr. &
   vb.  n.  Preoccupying  (?).]  [Cf.  F. pr\'82occuper. See Preoccupate,
   Occupy.]

   1.  To  take  possession of before another; as, to preoccupy a country
   not before held.

   2.  To  prepossess;  to  engage,  occupy, or engross the attention of,
   beforehand; hence, to prejudice.

     I  Think  it  more  respectful  to the reader to leave something to
     reflections than to preoccupy his judgment. Arbuthnot.

                                   Preocular

   Pre*oc"u*lar  (?),  a. (Zo\'94l.) Placed just in front of the eyes, as
   the  antenn\'91  of  certain  insects. -- n. One of the scales just in
   front of the eye of a reptile or fish.

                                  Preominate

   Pre*om"i*nate (?), v. t. To ominate beforehand; to portend. [Obs.] Sir
   T. Browne.

                                 Preopercular

   Pre`o*per"cu*lar  (?),  a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the operculum;
   pertaining to the preoperculum. -- n. The preoperculum.

                                 Preoperculum

   Pre`o*per"cu*lum  (?),  n [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior opercular bone in
   fishes.

                                  Preopinion

   Pre`o*pin"ion   (?),  n.  Opinion  previously  formed;  prepossession;
   prejudice. Sir T. Browne.

                                   Preoption

   Pre*op"tion (?), n. Right of first choice.

                                    Preoral

   Pre*o"ral  (?),  a.  (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
   mouth; as, preoral bands.

                                  Preorbital

   Pre*or"bit*al (?) a. (Anat.) Situated in front or the orbit.

                                   Preordain

   Pre`or*dain"  (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + ordain: cf. L. praeordinare.] To
   ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to foreordain. Milton.

                                   Preorder

   Pre*or"der  (?),  v. t. To order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain.
   Sir W. Hamilton.

                                 Preordinance

   Pre*or"di*nance (?), n. Antecedent decree or determination. Shak.

                                  Preordinate

   Pre*or"di*nate  (?),  a.  [L.  praeordinatus,  p.  p.  See Preordain.]
   Preordained. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

                                 Preordination

   Pre*or`di*na"tion  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  pr\'82ordination.]  The  act of
   foreordaining:  previous  determination.  "The  preordination of God."
   Bale.

                                  Preparable

   Pre*par"a*ble  (?), a. Capable of being prepared. "Medicine preparable
   by art." Boyle.

                                  Preparation

   Prep`a*ra"tion   (?),  n.  [F.  pr\'82paration,  L.  praeparatio.  See
   Prepare.]

   1.  The  act  of  preparing  or  fitting  beforehand  for a particular
   purpose,   use,   service,   or  condition;  previous  arrangement  or
   adaptation;  a making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of
   wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign.

   2. The state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness; readiness;
   fitness; as, a nation in good preparation for war.

   3.  That  which  makes  ready,  prepares  the  way,  or  introduces; a
   preparatory act or measure.

     I  will  show  what  preparations  there  were  in  nature for this
     dissolution. T. Burnet.

   4. That which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process or
   for  a  particular  purpose;  a  combination.  Specifically:  (a)  Any
   medicinal   substance   fitted  for  use.  (b)  Anything  treated  for
   preservation  or examination as a specimen. (c) Something prepared for
   use in cookery.

     I  wish  the  chemists  had  been  more  sparing  who magnify their
     preparations. Sir T. Browne.

     In  the  preparations  of  cookery,  the  most  volatile  parts  of
     vegetables are destroyed. Arbuthnot.

   5. An army or fleet. [Obs.] Shak.

   6.  (Mus.)  The  holding  over  of a note from one chord into the next
   chord, where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord
   that  follows;  the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding
   concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. See Suspension.

   7. Accomplishment; qualification. [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Preparative

   Pre*par"a*tive  (?),  a. [Cf. F. pr\'82paratif.] Tending to prepare or
   make  ready;  having  the  power of preparing, qualifying, or fitting;
   preparatory.

     Laborious quest of knowledge preparative to this work. South.

                                  Preparative

   Pre*par"a*tive, n.

   1.  That which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a
   purpose; that which prepares. "A preparative unto sermons." Hooker.

   2.   That  which  is  done  in  the  way  of  preparation.  "Necessary
   preparatives for our voyage." Dryden.

                                 Preparatively

   Pre*par"a*tive*ly, adv. By way of preparation.

                                  Preparator

   Pre*par"a*tor  (?),  n. [L. praeparator.] One who prepares beforehand,
   as subjects for dissection, specimens for preservation in collections,
   etc. Agassiz.

                                  Preparatory

   Pre*par"a*to*ry  (?),  a. [L. praeparatorius: cf. F. pr\'82paratoire.]
   Preparing  the  way  for  anything by previous measures of adaptation;
   antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory; preparative; as,
   a preparatory school; a preparatory condition.

                                    Prepare

   Pre*pare"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Prepare (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Preparing.]  [F.  pr\'82parer,  L. praeparare; prae before + parare to
   make ready. See Pare.]

   1. To fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition; to
   make ready; to put into a state for use or application; as, to prepare
   ground for seed; to prepare a lesson.

     Our souls, not yet prepared for upper light. Dryden.

   2.  To procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; as,
   to  prepare ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for
   defence; to prepare an entertainment. Milton.

     That they may prepare a city for habitation. Ps. cvii. 36

   Syn.  --  To  fit; adjust; adapt; qualify; equip; provide; form; make;
   make; ready.
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                                    Prepare

   Pre*pare" (, v. i.

   1.  To  make  all things ready; to put things in order; as, to prepare
   for a hostile invasion. "Bid them prepare for dinner." Shak.

   2.  To  make  one's  self  ready;  to get ready; to take the necessary
   previous measures; as, to prepare for death.

                                    Prepare

   Pre*pare", n. Preparation. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Prepared

   Pre*pared"  (?), a. Made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; as, prepared
   food;   prepared  questions.  --  Pre*par"ed*ly  (#),  adv.  Shak.  --
   Pre*par"ed*ness, n.

                                   Preparer

   Pre*par"er  (?),  n.  One who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes
   ready. Wood.

                                    Prepay

   Pre*pay"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Prepaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prepaying.] To pay in advance, or beforehand; as, to prepay postage.

                                  Prepayment

   Pre*pay"ment (?), n. Payment in advance.

                                   Prepenial

   Pre*pe"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
   penis.

                                   Prepense

   Pre*pense"  (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + F. penser to think. See Pansy.] To
   weigh  or  consider beforehand; to premeditate. [Obs.] Spenser. Sir T.
   Elyot.

                                   Prepense

   Pre*pense", v. i. To deliberate beforehand. [Obs.]

                                   Prepense

   Pre*pense",   a.  [See  Pansy,  and  cf.  Prepense,  v.  t.]  Devised,
   contrived,   or   planned   beforehand;   preconceived;  premeditated;
   aforethought;  --  usually  placed  after  the  word it qualifies; as,
   malice prepense.

     This  has  not arisen from any misrepresentation or error prepense.
     Southey.

                                  Prepensely

   Pre*pense"ly, adv. In a premeditated manner.

                           Prepollence, Prepollency

   Pre*pol"lence  (?),  Pre*pol"len*cy  (?),  n.  [L. praepollentia.] The
   quality   or   state   of  being  prepollent;  superiority  of  power;
   predominance; prevalence. [R.] Coventry.

                                  Prepollent

   Pre*pol"lent  (?), a. [L. praepollens, p. p. of praepollere to surpass
   in  power;  prae  before  +  pollere  to be powerful.] Having superior
   influence or power; prevailing; predominant. [R.] Boyle.

                                  Prepollent

   Pre*pol"lent  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prepollices  (#) [NL. See Pre-, Pollex.]
   (Anat.)  An extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial
   side of the pollex.

                                   Preponder

   Pre*pon"der (?) v. t. To preponderate [Obs.]

                         Preponderance, Preponderancy

   Pre*pon"der*ance    (?),    Pre*pon"der*an*cy    (?),   n.   [Cf.   F.
   pr\'82pond\'82rance.]

   1.  The  quality or state of being preponderant; superiority or excess
   of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an outweighing.

     The  mind  should  .  .  .  reject or receive proportionably to the
     preponderancy of the greater grounds of probability. Locke.

     In  a  few  weeks  he  had changed the relative position of all the
     states  in  Europe,  and  had  restored  the  equilibrium which the
     preponderance of one power had destroyed. Macaulay.

   2.  (Gun.)  The  excess  of  weight of that part of a canon behind the
   trunnions over that in front of them.

                                 Preponderant

   Pre*pon"der*ant   (?)   a.   [L.   praeponderans,   -antis:   cf.   F.
   pr\'82pond\'82rant.  See  Preponderate.]  Preponderating; outweighing;
   overbalancing;  -- used literally and figuratively; as, a preponderant
   weight; of preponderant importance. -- Pre*pon"der*ant*ly, adv.

                                 Preponderate

   Pre*pon"der*ate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preponderated (?); p. pr. &
   vb.  n.  Preponderating.]  [L. praeponderatus, p. p. of praeponderare;
   prae before + ponderare to weigh, fr., pondus, ponderis, a weight. See
   Ponder.]

   1.  To  outweigh;  to  overpower  by  weight;  to exceed in weight; to
   overbalance.

     An  inconsiderable  weight,  by  distance  from  the  center of the
     balance, will preponderate greater magnitudes. Glanvill.

   2. To overpower by stronger or moral power.

   3. To cause to prefer; to incline; to decide. [Obs.]

     The  desire  to  spare Christian blood preponderates him for peace.
     Fuller.

                                 Preponderate

   Pre*pon"der*ate,  v.  i.  To  exceed  in  weight; hence, to incline or
   descend,  as  the  scale  of  a  balance;  figuratively,  to exceed in
   influence,  power,  etc.;  hence;  to  incline  to  one  side; as, the
   affirmative side preponderated.

     That  is  no  just  balance  in  which  the  heaviest side will not
     preponderate. Bp. Wilkins.

                               Preponderatingly

   Pre*pon"der*a`ting*ly   (?),   adv.   In   a   preponderating  manner;
   preponderantly.

                                Preponderation

   Pre*pon`der*a"tion  (?),  n.  [L. praeponderatio.] The act or state of
   preponderating;  preponderance;  as,  a  preponderation of reasons. I.
   Watts.

                                    Prepose

   Pre*pose" (?), v. t. [F. pr\'82poser; pref. pr\'82- (L. prae before) +
   poser. See Pose.] To place or set before; to prefix. [Obs.] Fuller.

                                  Preposition

   Prep`o*si"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  praepositio,  fr.  praeponere  to place
   before; prae before + ponere to put, place: cf. F. pr\'82position. See
   Position, and cf. Provost.]

   1.  (Gram.)  A  word  employed  to  connect a noun or a pronoun, in an
   adjectival  or  adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used
   with  a  noun  or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to
   make  a  phrase limiting some other word; -- so called because usually
   placed before the word with which it is phrased; as, a bridge of iron;
   he comes from town; it is good for food; he escaped by running.

   2. A proposition; an exposition; a discourse. [Obs.]

     He made a long preposition and oration. Fabyan.

                                 Prepositional

   Prep`o*si"tion*al  (?) a. [Cf. F. pr\'82positionnel.] Of or pertaining
   to   a  preposition;  of  the  nature  of  a  preposition.  Early.  --
   Prep`o*si"tion*al*ly, adv.

                                  Prepositive

   Pre*pos"i*tive  (?),  a.  [L.  praepositivus:  cf.  F. pr\'82positif.]
   (Gram.)  Put  before;  prefixed;  as,  a prepositive particle. -- n. A
   prepositive word. Tooke.

                                  Prepositor

   Pre*pos"i*tor  (?),  n.  [NL.]  A  scholar  appointed to inspect other
   scholars; a monitor. Todd.

                                  Prepositure

   Pre*pos"i*ture  (?),  n.  [L.  praepositura.  See Preposition, and cf.
   Provost.] The office or dignity of a provost; a provostship. Lowth.

                                  Prepossess

   Pre`pos*sess"  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepossessed (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n. Prepossessing.]

   1.  To  preoccupy,  as ground or land; to take previous possession of.
   Dryden.

   2. To preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other things;
   hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination to, for or
   against  anything;  esp., to induce a favorable opinion beforehand, or
   at the outset.

     It created him enemies, and prepossessed the lord general. Evelyn.

                                 Prepossessing

   Pre`pos*sess"ing   (?),   a.   Tending  to  invite  favor;  attracting
   confidence,  favor,  esteem,  or love; attractive; as, a prepossessing
   manner. -- Pre`pos*sess"ing*ly, adv.

                                 Prepossession

   Pre`pos*ses"sion (?), n.

   1. Preoccupation; prior possession. Hammond.

   2.  Preoccupation  of  the  mind by an opinion, or impression, already
   formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias; -- generally,
   but  not  always, used in a favorable sense; as, the prepossessions of
   childhood.  "The prejudices and prepossessions of the country." Sir W.
   Scott. Syn. -- Bent; bias; inclination; preoccupancy; prejudgment. See
   Bent.

                                 Prepossessor

   Pre`*pos*sess"or  (?),  n. One who possesses, or occupies, previously.
   R. Brady.

                                 Preposterous

   Pre*pos"ter*ous  (?) a.[L. praeposterus; prae before + posterus coming
   after, latter. See Posterior.]

   1. Having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order. [Obs.]

     The  method  I take may be censured as preposterous, because I thus
     treat  last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order
     of nature. Woodward.

   2.  Contrary  to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and
   glaringly  foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted. "Most preposterous
   conclusions." Shak.

     Preposterous ass, that never read so far! Shak.

   Syn.  -- Absurd; perverted; wrong; irrational; foolish; monstrous. See
   Absurd. -- Pre*pos"ter*ous*ly, adv. -Pre*pos"ter*ous*ness, n.

                                   Prepostor

   Pre*pos"tor (?) n. See Prepositor.

                                  Prepotency

   Pre*po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. praepotentia: cf. F. pr\'82potence.]

   1.  The  quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance. [Obs.]
   Sir T. Browne.

   2.  (Biol.)  The  capacity,  on  the  part  of  one of the parents, as
   compared with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of
   characteristics to their offspring.

                                   Prepotent

   Pre*po"tent (?) a. [L. praepotens. See Pre-, and Potent.]

   1.   Very  powerful;  superior  in  force,  influence,  or  authority;
   predominant. Plaifere.

   2. (Biol.) Characterized by prepotency. Darwin.

                                  Preprovide

   Pre`pro*vide"  (?),  v.  t.  To  provide  beforehand.  "The  materials
   preprovided." Fuller.

                                   Prepubic

   Pre*pu"bic  (?),  a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
   pubis; pertaining to the prepubis.

                                   Prepubis

   Pre*pu"bis  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Pre-,  and  Pubis.]  (Anat.)A bone or
   cartilage,  of  some  animals, situated in the middle line in front of
   the pubic bones.

                                    Prepuce

   Pre"puce (?), n. [F. pr\'82puce, L. praeputium.] (Anat.) The foreskin.

                                   Preputial

   Pre*pu"tial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prepuce.

                        Preraphaelism, Preraphaelitism

   Pre*raph"a*el*ism  (?),  Pre*raph"a*el*i`tism  (?), n. (Fine Arts) The
   doctrine  or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be
   followers  of  the  painters  before  Raphael.  Its adherents advocate
   careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and
   an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.

                                 Preraphaelite

   Pre*raph"a*el*ite  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  style called
   preraphaelitism;   as,   a   preraphaelite   figure;  a  preraphaelite
   landscape. Ruskin.

                                 Preraphaelite

   Pre*raph"a*el*ite, n. One who favors or practices art as it was before
   Raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.

                                  Preregnant

   Pre*reg"nant  (?),  n.  One  who  reigns  before  another; a sovereign
   predecessor. [R.] Warner.

                                   Preremote

   Pre`re*mote (?) a. More remote in previous time or prior order.

     In some cases two more links of causation may be introduced; one of
     them  may  be  termed the preremote cause, the other the postremote
     effect. E. Darwin.

                                  Prerequire

   Pre`re*quire" (?), v. t. To require beforehand.

     Some things are prerequired of us. Bp. Hall.

                                 Prerequisite

   Pre*req"ui*site   (?),   a.   Previously   required;  necessary  as  a
   preliminary to any proposed effect or end; as, prerequisite conditions
   of success.

                                 Prerequisite

   Pre*req"ui*site,  n. Something previously required, or necessary to an
   end or effect proposed.

     The necessary prerequisites of freedom. Goldsmith.

                                  Preresolve

   Pre`re*solve"  (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Preresolved (?); p. pr. &
   vb.  n.  Preresolving.] To resolve beforehand; to predetermine. Sir E.
   Dering.

                                  Prerogative

   Pre*rog"a*tive  (?),  n.  [F.  pr\'82rogative,  from  L.  praerogativa
   precedence in voting, preference, privilege, fr. praerogativus that is
   asked  before  others for his opinion, that votes before or first, fr.
   praerogare  to  ask  before  another; prae before + rogare to ask. See
   Rogation.]

   1.  An  exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right;
   fundamental and essential possession; -- used generally of an official
   and  hereditary  right which may be asserted without question, and for
   the  exercise of which there is no responsibility or accountability as
   to the fact and the manner of its exercise.

     The  two faculties that are the prerogative of man -- the powers of
     abstraction and imagination. I. Taylor.

     An unconstitutional exercise of his prerogative. Macaulay.

   2. Precedence; pre\'89minence; first rank. [Obs.]

     Then give me leave to have prerogative. Shak.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm ca me in to ge neral us e in  the conflicts
     between  the  Crown and Parliaments of Great Britain, especially in
     the time of the Stuarts.

   Prerogative  Court (Eng. Law), a court which formerly had authority in
   the  matter of wills and administrations, where the deceased left bona
   notabilia,  or  effects  of  the  value of five pounds, in two or more
   different  dioceses.  Blackstone. -- Prerogative office, the office in
   which  wills  proved in the Prerogative Court were registered. Syn. --
   Privilege; right. See Privilege.

                                 Prerogatived

   Pre*rog"a*tived  (?),  a.  Endowed  with  a  prerogative, or exclusive
   privilege. [R.] Shak.

                                 Prerogatively

   Pre*rog"a*tive*ly (?), adv. By prerogative.

                                    Presage

   Pre"sage  (?),  n. [F. pr\'82sage, L. praesagium, from praesagire. See
   Presage, v. t. ]

   1. Something which foreshows or portends a future event; a prognostic;
   an omen; an augury. "Joy and shout -- presage of victory." Milton.

   2.  Power  to  look  the  future,  or  the  exercise  of  that  power;
   foreknowledge; presentiment.

     If there be aught of presage in the mind. Milton.

   Syn. -- Prognostic; omen; token; sign; presentiment.

                                    Presage

   Pre*sage" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presaged (-s&amac;jd"); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Presaging.  ] [F. pr\'82sager, L. praesagire: prae before + sagire
   to perceive acutely or sharply. See Sagacious.]

   1. To have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow.

   2. To foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate.

     My dreams presage some joyful news at hand. Shak.

                                    Presage

   Pre*sage", v. i. To form or utter a prediction; -- sometimes used with
   of. Dryden.

                                  Presageful

   Pre*sage"ful (?) a. Full of presages; ominous.

     Dark in the glass of some presageful mood. Tennyson.

                                  Presagement

   Pre*sage"ment (?), n.

   1. The act or art of presaging; a foreboding. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

   2.  That  which  is  presaged,  or foretold. [R.] "Ominous presagement
   before his end. " Sir H. Wotton.

                                   Presager

   Pre*sa"ger  (?)  n.  One who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a
   foreboder. Shak.

                                  Presagious

   Pre*sa"gious (?), a. Foreboding; ominous. [Obs.]

                                   Presbyope

   Pres"by*ope  (?),  n.  (Med.)  One  who  has  presbyopia; a farsighted
   person.

                                  Presbyopia

   Pres`by*o"pi*a (?) [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A defect of vision consequent
   upon  advancing  age.  It  is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens,
   which producepresbytia.

                                  Presbyopic

   Pres`by*op"ic   (?)   a.   Affected  by  presbyopia;  also,  remedying
   presbyopia; farsighted.

                                   Presbyopy

   Pres"by*o`py (?) n. [Cf. F. presbyopie.] See Presbyopia.

                                   Presbyte

   Pres"byte (?), n. [Gr. Same as Presbyope.

                                   Presbyter

   Pres"by*ter (?), n. [L. an elder, fr. Gr. Priest.]

   1.  An  elder  in  the  early  Christian church. See 2d Citation under
   Bishop, n., 1.

   2. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) One ordained to the second order in
   the ministry; -- called also priest.

     I rather term the one sort presbyter than priest. Hooker.

     New presbyter is but old priest writ large. Milton.

   3.  (Presbyterian  Ch.)  A  member  of  a  presbytery  whether  lay or
   clerical.

   4. A Presbyterian. [Obs.] Hudibras.

                                  Presbyteral

   Pres*byt"er*al  (?)  a. Of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery;
   presbyterial.

                                 Presbyterate

   Pres*byt"er*ate  (?)  n.  [L. presbyteratus: cf. F. presbyt\'82rat.] A
   presbytery; also, presbytership. Heber.

                                 Presbyteress

   Pres"by*ter*ess, n. A female presbyter. Bale.

                                 Presbyterial

   Pres`by*te"ri*al   (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  presbyt\'82ral.]  Presbyterian.
   "Presbyterial government." Milton.

                                 Presbyterian

   Pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rien.] Of or pertaining to
   a  presbyter,  or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating
   to  those  who  uphold  church  government by presbyters; also, to the
   doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.

                                 Presbyterian

   Pres`by*te"ri*an,  n.  [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rien.] One who maintains the
   validity  of  ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the
   Presbyterian church. Reformed Presbyterians. See Cameronian.

                                Presbyterianism

   Pres`by*te"ri*an*ism  (?),  n. [Cf. F. presbyt\'82rianisme.] That form
   of  church  government  which  invests  presbyters  with all spiritual
   power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of
   the Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.

                                 Presbyterium

   Pres`by*te"ri*um (?), n. [L.] (Arch.) Same as Presbytery, 4.

                                 Presbytership

   Pres"by*ter*ship  (?),  n.  The  office  or  station  of  a presbyter;
   presbyterate.

                                  Presbytery

   Pres"by*ter*y  (?),  n.;  pl.  Presbyteries (#). [L. presbyterium, Gr.
   Presbyter, and cf. Presbyterium.]

   1. A body of elders in the early Christian church.

   2.  (Presbyterian  Ch.)  A  judicatory consisting of all the ministers
   within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from
   each  parish  or  church,  commissioned  to  represent  the  church in
   conjunction with the pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over
   the  churches  under  its care, and next below the provincial synod in
   authority.

   3. The Presbyterian religion of polity. [R.] Tatler.

   4.  (a)  (Arch.)  That part of the church reserved for the officiating
   priest. (b) The residence of a priest or clergyman. Gwilt.

                                   Presbytia

   Pres*byt"i*a (?) n. [NL. See Presbyte.] (Med.) Presbyopia.

                                   Presbytic

   Pres*byt"ic (?), a. (Med.) Same as Presbyopic.

                                  Presbytism

   Pres"byt*ism (?), n. Presbyopia.

                                  Presscapula

   Pres*scap"u*la  (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The part of the scapula in front
   of, or above, the spine, or mesoscapula.

                                  Prescapular

   Pre*scap"u*lar  (?),  a.  (Anat.)  Of or pertaining to the prescapula;
   supraspinous.

                                  Prescience

   Pre"sci*ence  (?)  n. [F. prescience, L. praescientia. See Prescient.]
   Knowledge of events before they take place; foresight.

     God's  certain  prescience  of  the  volitions  of moral agents. J.
     Edwards.
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   Page 1132

                                  Pre/scient

   Pre/sci*ent  (?),  a.  [L.  praesciens, -entis, p. pr. of praescire to
   foreknow; prae before + scire to know: cf. F. prescient. See Science.]
   Having  knowledge  of coming events; foreseeing; conscious beforehand.
   Pope.

     Henry  .  .  . had shown himself sensible, and almost prescient, of
     this event. Bacon.

                                  Presciently

   Pre"sci*ent*ly, adv. With presciense or foresight.

                                   Prescind

   Pre*scind"  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  praescindere  to cut off in front; prae
   before + scindere to cut asunder: cf. F. prescinder.]

   1. To cut off; to abstract. [Obs.] Norris.

   2.  (Metaph.)  To consider by a separate act of attention or analysis.
   Sir W. Hamilton.

                                 Presciendent

   Pre*sciend"ent (?), a. [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing, fr.
   scire  to  know.]  Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as, prescious of
   ills. [R.] Dryden.

                                   Prescribe

   Pre*scribe"  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Prescribed (?); p. pr & vb. n.
   Prescribing.] [L. praescribere, praescriptum; prae before + scriebe to
   write. See Scribe.]

   1.  To  lay  down  authoritatively  as  a guide, direction, or rule of
   action;  to  impose  as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to
   direct.

     Prescribe not us our duties. Shak.

     Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run. Dryden.

   2.  (Med.)  To  direct,  as  a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the
   doctor  prescribed  quinine.  Syn.  --  To  appoint;  order;  command;
   dictate; ordain; institute; establish.

                                   Prescribe

   Pre*scribe", v. i.

   1. To give directions; to dictate.

     A forwardness to prescribe to their opinions. Locke.

   2. To influence by long use [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

   3.  (Med.)  To  write  or  to  give  medical  directions;  to indicate
   remedies; as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever.

   4.  (Law) To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the
   ground  of  immemorial  use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having
   the force of law.

                                  Prescriber

   Pre*scrib"er (?), n. One who prescribes.

                                   Prescript

   Pre"script  (?),  a.  [L.  praescriptus, p. p. of praescribere: cf. F.
   prescrit.  See Prescribe.] Directed; prescribed. " A prescript from of
   words." Jer. Taylor.

                                   Prescript

   Pre"script, n. [L. praescriptum: cf. OF. prescript.]

   1. Direction; precept; model prescribed. Milton.

   2. A medical prescription. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

                               Prescriptibility

   Pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty   (?),   n,   The  quality  or  state  of  being
   prescriptible. Story.

                                 Prescriptible

   Pre*scrip"ti*ble  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F. prescriptible. ] Depending on, or
   derived from, prescription; proper to be prescribed. Grafton.

                                 Prescription

   Pre*scrip"tion   (?),   n.   [F.   prescription,   L.  praescriptio,an
   inscription,  preface,  precept,  demurrer, prescription (in sense 3),
   fr. praescribere. See Prescribe.]

   1.  The  act  of  prescribing,  directing,  or  dictating;  direction;
   precept; also, that which is prescribed.

   2.  (Med.)  A  direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and
   the manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy.

   3.  (Law)  A  prescribing  for title; the claim of title to a thing by
   virtue  immemorial  use  and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by
   possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law. Bacon.

     That  profound  reverence  for  law and prescription which has long
     been characteristic of Englishmen. Macaulay.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr escription di ffers fr om cu stom, which is a local
     usage,  while prescription is personal, annexed to the person only.
     Prescription  only extends to incorporeal rights, such as aright of
     way,  or  of common. What the law gives of common rights is not the
     subject  of  prescription. Blackstone. Cruise. Kent. In Scotch law,
     prescription  is  employed in the sense in which limitation is used
     in  England  and  America, namely, to express that operation of the
     lapse  of  time  by  which  obligations  are  extinguished or title
     protected. Sir T. Craig. Erskine.

                                 Prescriptive

   Pre*scrip"tive  (?),  a.  [L.  praescriptivus  of  a demurrer or legal
   exception.]  (Law)  Consisting  in,  or  acquired  by,  immemorial  or
   long-continued  use  and enjoyment; as, a prescriptive right of title;
   pleading the continuance and authority of long custom.

     The  right to be drowsy in protracted toil has become prescriptive.
     J. M. Mason.

                                Prescriptively

   Pre*scrip"tive*ly, adv. By prescription.

                                   Prescutum

   Pre*scu"tum  (?),  n.;  pl. Prescuta (. [NL. See Pr\'91-, and Scutum.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  The first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or
   tergum,  of  a  thoracic segment of an insect. It is usually small and
   inconspicuous.

                                   Preseance

   Pre"se*ance  (?),  n.  [F.  pr\'82s\'82ance. See Preside.] Priority of
   place in sitting.[Obs.] Carew.

                                   Preselect

   Pre`se*lect" (?), v. t. To select beforehand.

                                   Presence

   Pres"ence (?), n. [F. pr\'82sence, L. praesentia. See Present.]

   1. The state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at
   hand; -- opposed to absence.

   2.  The  place in which one is present; the part of space within one's
   ken,  call,  influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of
   anything that forbids intercourse.

     Wrath shell be no more Thenceforth, but in thy presence joy entire.
     Milton.

   3.  Specifically,  neighborhood  to  the  person of one of superior of
   exalted rank; also, presence chamber.

     In such a presence here to plead my thoughts. Shak.

     An't  please  your  grace,  the  two  great  cardinals. Wait in the
     presence. Shak.

   4.  The  whole  of  the  personal  qualities of an individual; person;
   personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign.

     The Sovran Presence thus replied. Milton.

   5.  An  assembly,  especially  of  person  of  rank or nobility; noble
   company.

     Odmar, of all this presence does contain, Give her your wreath whom
     you esteem most fair. Dryden.

   6.  Port,  mien; air; personal appearence. "Rather dignity of presence
   than beauty of aspect." Bacon.

     A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance. Collier.

   Presence  chamber,  OR  Presence  room,  the  room  in  which  a great
   personage receives company. Addison." Chambers of presence." Bacon. --
   Presence  of  mind,  that state of the mind in which all its faculties
   are  alert,  prompt, and acting harmoniously in obedience to the will,
   enabling  one to reach, as it were spontaneously or by intuition, just
   conclusions in sudden emergencies.

                                 Presensation

   Pre`sen*sa"tion  (?),  n.  Previous sensation, notion, or idea. [Obs.]
   Dr. H. More.

                                  Presension

   Pre*sen"sion  (?),  n.  [L.  praesensio,  fr.  praesentire to perceive
   beforehand.  See  Presentient.]  Previous  perception.  [Obs.]  Sir T.
   Browne.

                                    Present

   Pres"ent  (?),  a.  [F. pr\'82sent, L. praesens,-entis, that is before
   one,  in sight or at hand, p. p. of praeesse to be before; prae before
   + esse to be. See Essence.]

   1.  Being  at  hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated
   limits; -- opposed to absent.

     These  things  have  I spoken unto you, being yet present with you.
     John xiv. 25.

   2.  Now  existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or
   under  consideration;  being at this time; not past or future; as, the
   present session of Congress; the present state of affairs; the present
   instance.

     I'll bring thee to the present business Shak.

   3.   Not   delayed;   immediate;   instant;   coincident.  "A  present
   recompense." "A present pardon." Shak.

     An ambassador . . . desires a present audience. Massinger.

   4. Ready; quick in emergency; as a present wit. [R.]

   5. Favorably attentive; propitious. [Archaic]

     To find a god so present to my prayer. Dryden.

   Present  tense  (Gram.),  the  tense or form of a verb which expresses
   action  or  being in the present time; as, I am writing, I write, or I
   do write.
   
                                    Present
                                       
   Pres"ent, n. [Cf. F. pr\'82sent. See Present, a.]
   
   1.  Present  time;  the  time  being;  time in progress now, or at the
   moment contemplated; as, at this present.
   
     Past and present, wound in one. Tennyson.
     
   2. pl. (Law) Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a
   lease,  letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know
   all  men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, " per has
   literas praesentes; " -- in this sense, rarely used in the singular.
   
   3.  (Gram.)  A  present  tense,  or  the form of the verb denoting the
   present tense.
   At present, at the present time; now. -- For the present, for the tine
   being;  temporarily.  --  In  present,  at once, without delay. [Obs.]
   "With  them,  in  present, half his kingdom; the rest to follow at his
   death." Milton.
   
                                    Present
                                       
   Pre*sent"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Presented;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Presenting.]  [F.  pr\'82senter,  L. praesentare, fr. praesens, a. See
   Present, a.]
   
   1.  To bring or introduce into the presence of some one, especially of
   a  superior;  to introduce formally; to offer for acquaintance; as, to
   present  an  envoy  to the king; (with the reciprocal pronoun) to come
   into the presence of a superior.
   
     Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves
     before the lord. Job i. 6
     
   2.  To  exhibit  or  offer  to  view  or  notice;  to lay before one's
   perception or cognizance; to set forth; to present a fine appearance.

     Lectorides's  memory is ever . . . presenting him with the thoughts
     of other persons. I. Watts.

   3.  To  pass  over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or
   possession; to deliver; to make over.

     So  ladies  in  romance assist their knight, Present the spear, and
     arm him for the fight. Pope.

   4.  To  make  a  gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or
   ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer.

     My last, least offering, I present thee now. Cowper.

   5.  Hence:  To  endow;  to  bestow  a  gift  upon; to favor, as with a
   donation; also, to court by gifts.

     Octavia  presented  the  poet  for  him  admirable elegy on her son
     Marcellus. Dryden.

   6. To present; to personate. [Obs.] Shak.

   7. In specific uses; (a) To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to
   offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution.

     The  patron  of  a  church  may present his clerk to a parsonage or
     vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be
     instituted. Blackstone.

   (b)  To nominate for support at a public school or other institution .
   Lamb.   (c)  To  lay  before  a  public  body,  or  an  official,  for
   consideration,  as  before  a  legislature,  a  court of judicature, a
   corporation,  etc.; as, to present a memorial, petition, remonstrance,
   or  indictment.  (d) To lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to
   give notice officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent
   judicially; as, a grand jury present certain offenses or nuisances, or
   whatever  they think to be public injuries. (e) To bring an indictment
   against  .  [U.S]  (f)  To  aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; as, to
   present  a  pistol  or  the point of a sword to the breast of another.
   Pesent  arms  (Mil.),  the  command  in  response  to which the gun is
   carried  perpendicularly  in front of the center of the body, and held
   there  with the left hand grasping it at the lower band, and the right
   hand  grasping  the  small  of  the  stock, in token of respect, as in
   saluting  a  superior  officer;  also,  the  position  taken at such a
   command.

                                    Present

   Pre*sent",  v. i. (Med.) To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to
   be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination; -- said of a part
   of an infant during labor.

                                    Present

   Pres"ent  (?),  n.  [F.  pr\'82sent  .] Anything presented or given; a
   gift;  a  donative;  as,  a Christmas present. Syn. -- Gift; donation;
   donative; benefaction. See Gift.

                                    Present

   Pre*sent" (?), n. (Mil.) The position of a soldier in presenting arms;
   as, to stand at present.

                                  Presentable

   Pre*sent"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82sentable.]

   1.  Capable or admitting of being presented; suitable to be exhibited,
   represented,  or  offered;  fit  to  be  brought forward or set forth;
   hence,  fitted to be introduced to another, or to go into society; as,
   ideas  that are presentable in simple language; she is not presentable
   in such a gown.

   2.  Admitting  of  the  presentation  of  a  clergiman;  as,  a church
   presentable. [R.] Ayliffe.

                                 Presentaneous

   Pres`en*ta"ne*ous  (?),  a. [L. praesentaneus. See Present, a.] Ready;
   quick; immediate in effect; as, presentaneous poison. [Obs.] Harvey.

                                 Presentation

   Pres`en*ta"tion  (?),  n.  [L. praesentatio a showing, representation:
   cf. F. pr\'82sentation.]

   1.  The  act of presenting, or the state of being presented; a setting
   forth; an offering; bestowal.

     Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere desires. Hooker.

   2.  Hence, exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance;
   show.

     Under the presentation of the shoots his wit. Shak.

   3.  That  which  is  presented  or  given;  a present; a gift, as, the
   picture was a presentation. [R.]

   4.  (Eccl.)  The act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary
   for institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman.

     If  the  bishop  admits  the  patron's  presentation,  the clerk so
     admitted is next to be instituted by him. Blackstone.

   5. (Med.) The particular position of the child during labor relatively
   to the passage though which it is to be brought forth; -- specifically
   designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus;
   as, a breech presentation.
   Presentation  copy,  a  copy  of a book, engraving, etc., presented to
   some one by the author or artist, as a token of regard.

                                 Presentative

   Pre*sent"a*tive (?), a.

   1.  (Eccl.)  Having the right of presentation, or offering a clergyman
   to  the  bishop  for  institution;  as,  advowsons  are  presentative,
   collative, or donative. Blackstone.

   2.  Admitting  the  presentation  of  a  clergyman; as, a presentative
   parsonage. Spelman.

   3.  (Metaph.) Capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the
   mind;  intuitive;  directly  apprehensible,  as  objects;  capable  of
   apprehending, as faculties.

     The  latter term, presentative faculty, I use . . . in contrast and
     correlation to a "representative faculty." Sir W. Hamilton.

                                   Presentee

   Pres`en*tee"  (?),  n.  [F. pr\'82sent\'82, p. p. See Present, v. t. ]
   One  to  whom  something  is  presented;  also,  one who is presented;
   specifically (Eccl.), one presented to benefice. Ayliffe.

                                   Presenter

   Pre*sent"er (?), n. One who presents.

                                  Presential

   Pre*sen"tial  (?),  a.  [LL. praesentialis.] Implying actual presence;
   present, immediate. [Obs.]

     God's mercy is made presential to us. Jer. Taylor.

   -- Pre*sen"tial*ly, adv. [Obs.]

                                 Presentiality

   Pre*sen`ti*al"i*ty  (?),  n.  State  of being actually present. [Obs.]
   South.

                                  Presentiate

   Pre*sen"ti*ate (?), v. t. To make present. [Obs.]

                                  Presentient

   Pre*sen"tient  (?),  a.  [L.  praesentiens,  p.  pr. of praesentire to
   perceive  beforehand;  prae  before  +  sentire  to  feel.] Feeling or
   perceiving beforehand.

                                  Presentific

   Pres`en*tif"ic  (?),  a.  [L.  praesens,  -entis,  present + facere to
   make.] Making present. [Obs.] -- Pres`en*tif"ic*ly, adv. [Obs.] Dr. H.
   More.

                                 Presentifical

   Pres`en*tif"ic*al (?), a. Presentific. [Obs.]

                                 Presentiment

   Pre*sen"ti*ment (?), n. [Pref. pre- + sentiment: cf. F. pressentiment.
   See Presentient.] Previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous
   apprehension;  especially,  an  antecedent impression or conviction of
   something  unpleasant,  distressing,  or  calamitous, about to happen;
   anticipation of evil; foreboding.

                                Presentimental

   Pre*sen`ti*men"tal  (?),  a.  Of nature of a presentiment; foreboding.
   [R.] Coleridge.

                                  Presention

   Pre*sen"tion (?), n. See Presension. [Obs.]

                                  Presentive

   Pre*sent"ive  (?),  a.  (Philol.)  Bringing  a  conception  or  notion
   directly  before  the  mind;  presenting  an  object  to the memory of
   imagination; -- distinguished from symbolic.

     How  greatly  the word "will" is felt to have lost presentive power
     in the last three centuries. Earle.

   -- Pre*sent"ive*ly, adv. -- Pre*sent"ive*ness, n.

                                   Presently

   Pres"ent*ly (?), adv.

   1. At present; at this time; now. [Obs.]

     The towns and forts you presently have. Sir P. Sidney.

   2.  At  once;  without  delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon;
   shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by. Shak.

     And presently the fig tree withered away. Matt. xxi. 19.

   3. With actual presence; actually . [Obs.]

     His precious body and blood presently three. Bp. Gardiner.

                                  Presentment

   Pre*sent"ment (?), n.

   1.   The   act  of  presenting,  or  the  state  of  being  presented;
   presentation. " Upon the heels of my presentment." Shak.

   2.  Setting  forth  to  view; delineation; appearance; representation;
   exhibition.

     Power  to  cheat  the  eye  with  blear illusion, And give it false
     presentment. Milton.

   3.  (Law)  (a)  The  notice  taken by a grand jury of any offence from
   their  own  knowledge  or  observation, without any bill of indictment
   laid  before  them, as, the presentment of a nuisance, a libel, or the
   like;  also,  an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury;
   an official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an
   indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the indictment
   itself.  (b)  The  official  notice  (formerly required to be given in
   court) of the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone.
   Presentment  of  a  bill  of  exchange,  the offering of a bill to the
   drawee  for  acceptance,  or  to the acceptor for payment. See Bill of
   exchange, under Bill.
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   Page 1133

   Mozley & W.

                                  Presentness

   Pres"ent*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being present; presence.
   [Obs.] "Presentness of mind in danger." Clarendon.

                                  Presentoir

   Pres`en*toir"  (?), n. [Formed after analogy of French.] An ornamental
   tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver.

                                  Preservable

   Pre*serv"a*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being  preserved;  admitting of
   preservation.

                                 Preservation

   Pres`er*va"tion  (?),  n. [Cf. F. pr\'82servation.] The act or process
   of  preserving, or keeping safe; the state of being preserved, or kept
   from injury, destruction, or decay; security; safety; as, preservation
   of life, fruit, game, etc.; a picture in good preservation.

     Give us particulars of thy preservation. Shak.

                                 Preservative

   Pre*serv"a*tive  (?),  a. [Cf. F. pr\'82servatif.] Having the power or
   quality  of  preserving;  tending to preserve, or to keep from injury,
   decay, etc.

                                 Preservative

   Pre*serv"a*tive,  n.  That  which  preserves,  or  has  the  power  of
   preserving; a presevative agent.

     To wear tablets as preservatives against the plague. Bacon.

                                 Preservatory

   Pre*serv"a*to*ry (?), a. Preservative. Bp. Hall.

                                 Preservatory

   Pre*serv"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Preservatories (.

   1. A preservative. [Obs.] Whitlock.

   2.  A  room,  or  apparatus,  in  which  perishable  things, as fruit,
   vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay.

                                   Preserve

   Pre*serve"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Preserved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Preserving.]  [F. pr\'82server, from L. prae before + servare to save,
   preserve; cf. L. praeservare to observe beforehand. See Serve.]

   1. To keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend from
   evil, harm, danger, etc.; to protect.

     O Lord, thou preserved man and beast. Ps. xxxvi. 6.

     Now, good angels preserve the king. Shak.

   2.  To  save  from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as
   sugar,  salt,  etc.;  to  season  and  prepare for remaining in a good
   state, as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to preserve peaches or grapes.

     You can not preserve it from tainting. Shak.

   3.   To   maintain   throughout;  to  keep  intact;  as,  to  preserve
   appearances; to preserve silence.
   To  preserve  game, to protect it from extermination. Syn. -- To keep;
   save;  secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect; guard; shield.
   See Keep.

                                   Preserve

   Pre*serve", v. i.

   1. To make preserves. Shak.

   2. To protect game for purposes of sport.

                                   Preserve

   Pre*serve", n.

   1. That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and kept by suitable
   preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; -- commonly in the plural.

   2.  A  place  in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of
   sport, or for food.

                                   Preserver

   Pre*serv"er (?), n.

   1.  One  who,  or  that  which,  preserves,  saves,  or  defends, from
   destruction,  injury,  or  decay;  esp.,  one  who  saves  the life or
   character of another. Shak.

   2. One who makes preserves of fruit.
   Game preserver. See under Game.

                                    Preshow

   Pre*show" (?), v. t. To foreshow.

                                    Preside

   Pre*side"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Presided;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Presiding.]  [L.  praesidere;  prae  before  +  sedere  to sit: cf. F.
   pr\'82sider. See Sit.]

   1.  To  be  set,  or  to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the
   place  of  president,  chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct,
   control,  and  regulate,  as chief officer; as, to preside at a public
   meeting; to preside over the senate.

   2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over.

     Some o'er the public magazines preside. Dryden.

                                  Presidence

   Pres"i*dence (?), n. See Presidency. [Obs.]

                                  Presidency

   Pres"i*den*cy (?), n.; pl. Presidencies (#). [Cf. F. pr\'82sidence.]

   1.  The  function  or  condition of one who presides; superintendence;
   control and care.

   2.  The  office  of  president;  as,  Washington  was  elected  to the
   presidency.

   3.  The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the
   presidency of Madison.

   4.  One  of  the  three  great divisions of British India, the Bengal,
   Madras,  and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which
   its governor was president.

                                   President

   Pres"i*dent (?), n. Precedent. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                   President

   Pres"i*dent,  a.  Occupying  the first rank or chief place; having the
   highest authority; presiding. [R.]

     His angels president In every province. Milton.

                                   President

   Pres"i*dent,  n.  [F.  pr\'82sident,  L. praesidens, -entis, p. pr. of
   praesidere. See Preside.]

   1. One who is elected or appointed to preside; a presiding officer, as
   of  a  legislative  body.  Specifically:  (a)  The  chief officer of a
   corporation, company, institution, society, or the like. (b) The chief
   executive  officer  of  the  government  in certain republics; as, the
   president of the United States.

   2. A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius. [Obs.]

     Just Apollo, president of verse. Waller.

                                 Presidential

   Pres`i*den"tial (?), a.

   1. Presiding or watching over. "Presidential angels." Glanvill.

   2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a president; as, the presidential chair; a
   presidential election.

                                 Presidentship

   Pres"i*dent*ship   (?),  n.  The  office  and  dignity  of  president;
   presidency. Hooker.

                                   Presider

   Pre*sid"er (?), n. One who presides.

                             Presidial, Presidiary

   Pre*sid"i*al   (?),   Pre*sid"i*a*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  praesidialis  and
   praesidiarius,  fr.  praesidium  a presiding over, defense, guard. See
   Preside.] Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.

     There are three presidial castles in this city. Howell.

                                   Presidary

   Pre*sid"*a*ry,  n.  [L.  praesidiarium.]  A  guard.  [Obs.]  "Heavenly
   presidiaries." Bp. Hall.

                                   Presiding

   Pre*sid"ing  (?),  a. & n. from Preside. Presiding elder. See under 2d
   Elder.

                                   Presidio

   Pre*si"di*o  (?), n. [Sp.] A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison;
   a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse.

                               Presignification

   Pre*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion  (?), n. [praesignificatio. See Presignify.] The
   act of signifying or showing beforehand.

                                  Presignify

   Pre*sig"ni*fy  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presignified (?); imp. & p. p.
   Presignifying.]  [L.  praesignificare;  prae  before  + significare to
   signify.] To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.

                                  Presphenoid

   Pre*sphe"noid  (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the sphenoid bone;
   of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. e., the
   presphenoid  bone). Presphenoid bone (Anat.), the anterior part of the
   body  of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually
   a  separate  bone  in  the  young  or fetus, but becomes a part of the
   sphenoid in the adult.

                                  Presphenoid

   Pre*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.) The presphenoid bone.

                                 Presphenoidal

   Pre`sphe*noid"al  (?),  a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the presphenoid
   bone; presphenoid.

                                   Prespinal

   Pre*spi"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Prevertebral.

                                     Press

   Press   (?),   n.   (Zo\'94l.)  An  East  Indian  insectivore  (Tupaia
   ferruginea).  It  is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The
   fur  is  soft,  and  varies  from  rusty red to maroon and to brownish
   black.

                                     Press

   Press,  v. t. [Corrupt. fr. prest ready money advanced, a loan; hence,
   earnest  money  given  soldiers on entering service. See Prest, n.] To
   force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.

     To peaceful peasant to the wars is pressed. Dryden.

                                     Press

   Press,  n. [For prest, confused with press.] A commission to force men
   into public service, particularly into the navy.

     I have misused the king's press. Shak.

   Press  gang, OR Pressgang, a detachment of seamen under the command of
   an  officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See Impress
   gang, under Impress. -- Press money, money paid to a man enlisted into
   public service. See Prest money, under Prest, a.

                                     Press

   Press, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pressing.] [F.
   presser, fr. L. pressare to press, fr. premere, pressum, to press. Cf.
   Print, v.]

   1. To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon by pushing
   or  thrusting,  in  distinction  from pulling; to crowd or compel by a
   gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; to compress;
   as, we press the ground with the feet when we walk; we press the couch
   on  which  we  repose; we press substances with the hands, fingers, or
   arms; we are pressed in a crowd.

     Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together. Luke vi. 38.

   2.  To  squeeze,  in  order  to  extract  the juice or contents of; to
   squeeze out, or express, from something.

     From sweet kernels pressed, She tempers dulcet creams. Milton.

     And  I  took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I
     gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. Gen. xl. 11.

   3.  To  squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order
   to  compact,  make dense, or smooth; as, to press cotton bales, paper,
   etc.; to smooth by ironing; as, to press clothes.

   4. To embrace closely; to hug.

     Leucothoe  shook at these alarms, And pressed Palemon closer in her
     arms. Pope.

   5. To oppress; to bear hard upon.

     Press not a falling man too far. Shak.

   6. To straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or hunger.

   7.  To  exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over;
   to constrain; to force; to compel.

     Paul  was  pressed  in  the  spirit, and testified to the Jews that
     Jesus was Christ. Acts xviii. 5.

   8.  To  try  to  force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate
   with earnestness or importunity; to enforce; as, to press divine truth
   on an audience.

     He pressed a letter upon me within this hour. Dryden.

     Be sure to press upon him every motive. Addison.

   9.  To  drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; as, to
   press a horse in a race.

     The  posts  .  .  . went cut, being hastened and pressed on, by the
     king's commandment. Esther viii. 14.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr ess di ffers fr om dr ive an d st rike in  us ually
     denoting  a  slow  or continued application of force; whereas drive
     and strike denote a sudden impulse of force.

   Pressed brick. See under Brick.

                                     Press

   Press, v. i.

   1.  To  exert  pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or urge with
   steady force.

   2.  To  move  on  with  urging  and  crowding;  to make one's way with
   violence  or  effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to
   encroach.

     They pressed upon him for to touch him. Mark iii. 10.

   3.  To  urge  with  vehemence  or  importunity;  to  exert a strong or
   compelling influence; as, an argument presses upon the judgment.

                                     Press

   Press, n. [F. presse. See 4th Press.]

   1.  An apparatus or machine by which any substance or body is pressed,
   squeezed,  stamped,  or shaped, or by which an impression of a body is
   taken; sometimes, the place or building containing a press or presses.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr  esses ar e di fferently co nstructed fo r va rious
     purposes   in   the   arts,  their  specific  uses  being  commonly
     designated;  as,  a  cotton  press,  a wine press, a cider press, a
     copying press, etc. See Drill press.

   2. Specifically, a printing press.

   3.  The  art  or  business  of printing and publishing; hence, printed
   publications,  taken  collectively,  more especially newspapers or the
   persons  employed in writing for them; as, a free press is a blessing,
   a  licentious  press  is  a  curse.<--  "the  press" usually refers to
   newspaper reporters -->

   4.  An  upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; as, a
   clothes press. Shak.

   5. The act of pressing or thronging forward.

     In their throng and press to that last hold. Shak.

   6.  Urgent  demands  of  business  or affairs; urgency; as, a press of
   engagements.

   7. A multitude of individuals crowded together;

     They could not come nigh unto him for the press. Mark ii. 4.

   Cylinder  press,  a printing press in which the impression is produced
   by  a  revolving  cylinder  under  which the form passes; also, one in
   which  the form of type or plates is curved around a cylinder, instead
   of resting on a flat bed. Hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. --
   Liberty  of  the press, the free right of publishing books, pamphlets,
   or  papers,  without previous restraint or censorship, subject only to
   punishment  for libelous, seditious, or morally pernicious matters. --
   Press  bed,  a  bed  that  may  be folded, and inclosed, in a press or
   closet.  Boswell. -- Press of sail, (Naut.), as much sail as the state
   of the wind will permit.

                                    Presser

   Press"er  (?),  n.  One  who,  or that which, presses. Presser bar, OR
   Presser  wheel  (Knitting  machine),  a  bar or wheel which closes the
   barbs  of  the  needles  to  enable the loops of the yarn to pass over
   them. -- Presser foot, the part of a sewing machine which rests on the
   cloth and presses it down upon the table of the machine.

                                   Pressgang

   Press"gang` (?), n. See Press gang, under Press.

                                   Pressing

   Press"ing, a. Urgent; exacting; importunate; as, a pressing necessity.
   -- Press"ing*ly, adv.

                                   Pression

   Pres"sion (?), n. [L. pressio: cf. F. pression. See 4th Press.]

   1. The act of pressing; pressure. Sir I. Newton.

   2. (Cartesian Philos.) An endeavor to move.

                                 Pressiroster

   Pres`si*ros"ter  (?),  n.  [L.  presssus  pressed (p. p. of premere) +
   rostrum beak: cf. F. pressirostre. See 4th Press.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a
   tribe  of  wading  birds  (Pressirostres) including those which have a
   compressed beak, as the plovers.

                                 Pressirostral

   Pres`si*ros"tral   (?),   a.   (Zo\'94l.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the
   pressirosters.

                                  Pressitant

   Pres"si*tant  (?),  a. [See 4th Press.] Gravitating; heavy. [Obs.] Dr.
   H. More.

                                   Pressive

   Pres"sive  (?),  a.  Pressing;  urgent; also, oppressive; as, pressive
   taxation. [R.] Bp. Hall.

                                    Pressly

   Press"ly (?), adv. Closely; concisely. [Obs.]

                                   Pressman

   Press"man (?), n.; pl. Pressmen (.

   1. One who manages, or attends to, a press, esp. a printing press.

   2. One who presses clothes; as, a tailor's pressman.

                                   Pressman

   Press"man, n. [See 2d Press.] One of a press gang, who aids in forcing
   men into the naval service; also, one forced into the service.

                                    Pressor

   Press"or (?), a. (Physiol.) Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to
   an  increase  of  pressure;  as,  pressor nerve fibers, stimulation of
   which   excites   the   vasomotor  center,  thus  causing  a  stronger
   contraction  of  the  arteries  and  consequently  an  increase of the
   arterial blood pressure; -- opposed to depressor. Landois & Stirling.

                                   Pressback

   Press"back`  (?), v. t. To pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a
   press.

                                  Pressurage

   Pres"sur*age (?), n. [F.]

   1. Pressure.

   2. The juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid for
   the use of a wine press.

                                   Pressure

   Pres"sure  (?;  138),  n.  [OF., fr. L. pressura, fr. premere. See 4th
   Press.]

   1.   The   act  of  pressing,  or  the  condition  of  being  pressed;
   compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand.

   2.  A  contrasting  force  or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of
   poverty;  the  pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind;
   the pressure of civilization.

     Where the pressure of danger was not felt. Macaulay.

   3. Affliction; distress; grievance.

     My people's pressures are grievous. Eikon Basilike.

     In the midst of his great troubles and pressures. Atterbury.

   4. Urgency; as, the pressure of business.

   5. Impression; stamp; character impressed.

     All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past. Shak.

   6.  (Mech.)  The  action  of a force against some obstacle or opposing
   force;  a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface,
   often estimated with reference to the upon a unit's area.
   Atmospheric  pressure, Center of pressure, etc. See under Atmospheric,
   Center,  etc.  -- Back pressure (Steam engine), pressure which resists
   the  motion of the piston, as the pressure of exhaust steam which does
   not find free outlet. -- Fluid pressure, pressure like that exerted by
   a  fluid.  It  is  a thrust which is normal and equally intense in all
   directions  around  a  point.  Rankine. -- Pressure gauge, a gauge for
   indicating fluid pressure; a manometer.

                                   Presswork

   Press"work`  (?),  n.  The  art  of printing from the surface of type,
   plates,  or  engravings  in  relief,  by means of a press; the work so
   done. MacKellar.

                                     Prest

   Prest (?), imp. & p. p. of Press.

                                     Prest

   Prest, a. [OF. prest, F. pr\'88t, fr. L. praestus ready. Cf. Presto.]

   1. Ready; prompt; prepared. [Obs.]

     All prest to such battle he was. R. of Gloucester.

   2. Neat; tidy; proper. [Obs.] Tusser.
   Prest  money,  money  formerly paid to men when they enlisted into the
   British  service; -- so called because it bound those that received it
   to be ready for service when called upon.

                                     Prest

   Prest,  n.  [OF.  prest,  F.  pr\'88t,  fr.  OF.  prester  to lend, F.
   pr\'88ter,  fr. L. praestare to stand before, to become surety for, to
   fulfill,  offer,  supply;  prae before + stare to stand. See Pre-, and
   Stand, and cf. Press to force into service.]

   1. Ready money; a loan of money. [Obs.]

     Requiring of the city a prest of six thousand marks. Bacon.

   2.  (Law)  A duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account
   in the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands. Cowell.

                                     Prest

   Prest, v. t. To give as a loan; to lend. [Obs.]

     Sums of money . . . prested out in loan. E. Hall.

                                   Prestable

   Prest"a*ble (?), a. Payable. [Scot.]

                                  Prestation

   Pres*ta"tion   (?),  n.  [L.  praestatio  a  performing,  paying,  fr.
   praestare:  cf.  F.  prestation.]  (O. Eng. Law) A payment of money; a
   toll or duty; also, the rendering of a service. Burrill.
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   Page 1134

   Prestation  money, a sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other
   dignitaries to their bishop.

                                    Prester

   Pres"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

   1.  A  meteor  or  exhalation  formerly supposed to be thrown from the
   clouds with such violence that by collision it is set on fire. [Obs.]

   2.  pl.  One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other
   excitement. [Obs.]

                                    Prester

   Pres"ter,  n.  [OF.  prestre.  See Priest.] A priest or presbyter; as,
   Prester John. [Obs.]

                                  Presternum

   Pre*ster"num  (?),  n.  [NL.]  (Anat.)  The  anterior  segment  of the
   sternum; the manubrium. -- Pre*ster"nal (#), a.

                                 Prestidigital

   Pres`ti*dig"i*tal  (?),  a.  Nimble-fingered;  having  fingers fit for
   prestidigitation,  or juggling. [R.] "His prestidigital hand." Charles
   Reade.

                               Prestidigitation

   Pres`ti*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. Legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling.

                                Prestidigitator

   Pres`ti*dig"i*ta`tor  (?),  n. [L. praesto ready + digitus finger: cf.
   F. prestidigitateur.] One skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a
   juggler.

                                   Prestige

   Pres"tige  (?;  277),  n.  [F.,  fr. L. praestigum delusion, illusion,
   praestigae  deceptions,  jugglers' tricks, prob. fr. prae before + the
   root of stinguere to extinguish, originally, to prick. See Stick, v.]

   1. Delusion; illusion; trick. [Obs.]

     The  sophisms  of  infidelity,  and the prestiges of imposture. Bp.
     Warburton.

   2.  Weight  or  influence  derived  from  past success; expectation of
   future  achievements  founded  on those already accomplished; force or
   charm derived from acknowledged character or reputation. "The prestige
   of his name must go for something." Sir G. C. Lewis.

                                 Prestigiation

   Pres*tig`i*a"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  praestigiare  to deceive by juggling
   tricks,  fr. praestigae. See Prestige.] Legerdemain; prestidigitation.
   [Obs.]

                                 Prestigiator

   Pres*tig"i*a`tor    (?),    n.    [L.   praestigiator.]   A   juggler;
   prestidigitator. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

                                 Prestigiatory

   Pres*tig"i*a*to*ry  (?), a. Consisting of impostures; juggling. [Obs.]
   Barrow.

                                  Prestigious

   Pres*tig"i*ous   (?),   a.   [L.  praestigiosus.]  Practicing  tricks;
   juggling. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.

                                  Prestimony

   Pres"ti*mo*ny (?), n. [LL. praestimonium, fr. L. praestare to furnish,
   supply:  cf. F. prestimonie. See Prest, n.] (Canon Law) A fund for the
   support  of  a  priest, without the title of a benefice. The patron in
   the collator.

                                  Prestissimo

   Pres*tis"si*mo  (?),  adv.  [It.,  superl.  of  presto.]  (Mus.)  Very
   quickly; with great rapidity.

                                    Presto

   Pres"to (?), adv. [It. or Sp. presto quick, quickly. See Prest, a.]

   1. Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly.

     Presto! begone! 'tis here again. Swift.

   2.  (Mus.)  Quickly;  rapidly;  --  a  direction  for  a quick, lively
   movement  or  performance;  quicker  than allegro, or any rate of time
   except prestissimo.

                                 Presstriction

   Pres*stric"tion   (?),   n.  [L.  praestrictio  a  binding  fast,  fr.
   praestringere.  See  Pre-,  and  Stringent.]  Obstruction, dimness, or
   defect of sight. [Obs.] Milton.

                                   Presultor

   Pre*sul"tor  (?), n. [L. praesultor; prae before + salire to dance.] A
   leader in the dance. [R.]

                                  Presumable

   Pre*sum"a*ble  (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82sumable.] Such as may be presumed
   or  supposed  to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct
   evidence.

                                  Presumably

   Pre*sum"a*bly,  adv.  In  a  presumable  manner;  by, or according to,
   presumption.

                                    Presume

   Pre*sume"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Presumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Presuming.] [F. pr\'82sumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before +
   sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.]

   1.  To  assume  or  take  beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without
   leave or authority previously obtained.

     Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner? Shak.

     Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.

   2.  To  take  or  suppose  to  be true, or entitled to belief, without
   examination  or  proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for
   granted; to infer; to suppose.

     Every  man  is  to  be  presumed  innocent  till he is proved to be
     guilty. Blackstone.

     What  rests  but  that  the  mortal  sentence  pass, . . . Which he
     presumes already vain and void, Because not yet inflicted? Milton.

                                    Presume

   Pre*sume", v. i.

   1.  To  suppose  or  assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds
   deemed   valid,   though   not  amounting  to  proof;  to  believe  by
   anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.

   2.  To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not
   granted;  to  go  beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the
   case;  to  venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on
   or upon before the ground of confidence.

     Do not presume too much upon my love. Shak.

     This man presumes upon his parts. Locke.

                                  Presumedly

   Pre*sum"ed*ly, adv. By presumption.

                                   Presumer

   Pre*sum"er  (?), n. One who presumes; also, an arrogant person. Sir H.
   Wotton.

                                  Presumingly

   Pre*sum"ing*ly, adv. Confidently; arrogantly.

                                  Presumption

   Pre*sump"tion (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F. pr\'82somption, OF.
   also presumpcion. See Presume.]

   1.  The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act
   of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete proof.

   2. Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive; strong
   probability;  reasonable  supposition;  as, the presumption is that an
   event has taken place.

   3.  That  which  is  presumed  or  assumed;  that which is supposed or
   believed  to  be  real  or  true, on evidence that is probable but not
   conclusive.  "In  contradiction to these very plausible presumptions."
   De Quincey.

   4.  The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping
   of   the   bounds   of   reverence,  respect,  or  courtesy;  forward,
   overconfident,  or  arrogant  opinion  or  conduct;  presumptuousness;
   arrogance; effrontery.

     Thy son I killed for his presumption. Shak.

     I  had  the presumption to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece.
     Dryden.

   Conclusive  presumption.  See under Conclusive. -- Presumption of fact
   (Law),  an  argument  of  a  fact  from a fact; an inference as to the
   existence  of one fact not certainly known, from the existence of some
   other  fact known or proved, founded on a previous experience of their
   connection;  supposition  of the truth or real existence of something,
   without  direct  or  positive  proof  of  the  fact,  but  grounded on
   circumstantial  or  probable  evidence  which  entitles  it to belief.
   Burrill.  Best.  Wharton.  --  Presumption  of  law (Law), a postulate
   applied  in  advance  to  all  cases of a particular class; e. g., the
   presumption  of  innocence  and  of  regularity  of  records.  Such  a
   presumption is rebuttable or irrebuttable.

                                  Presumptive

   Pre*sump"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82somptif.]

   1. Based on presumption or probability; grounded on probable evidence;
   probable; as, presumptive proof.

   2. Presumptuous; arrogant. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
   Presumptive  evidence  (Law), that which is derived from circumstances
   which  necessarily  or  usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct
   evidence  or  positive  proof;  indirect  or  circumstantial evidence.
   "Presumptive  evidence  of  felony  should  be  cautiously  admitted."
   Blackstone.  The  distinction, however, between direct and presumptive
   (or  circumstantial) evidence is now generally abandoned; all evidence
   being  now  more  or  less  direct  and  more  or less presumptive. --
   Presumptive heir. See Heir presumptive, under Heir.

                                 Presumptively

   Pre*sump"tive*ly,  adv.  By  presumption,  or  supposition grounded or
   probability; presumably.

                                 Presumptuous

   Pre*sump"tu*ous    (?;   135),   a.   [L.   praesumptuosus:   cf.   F.
   pr\'82somptueux, OF. also presumptuous. See Presumption.]

   1.  Full  of  presumption;  presuming;  overconfident  or venturesome;
   audacious;  rash;  taking  liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a
   presumptuous commander; presumptuous conduct.

     A  class  of  presumptuous men, whom age has not made cautious, nor
     adversity wise. Buckminster.

   2.   Founded   on   presumption;  as,  a  presumptuous  idea.  "False,
   presumptuous hope." Milton.

   3.  Done  with  hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known
   duty;  willful.  "Keep  back the servant also from presumptuous sins."
   Ps.  xix.  13.  Syn.  --  Overconfident;  foolhardy;  rash; presuming;
   forward; arrogant; insolent.

                                Presumptuously

   Pre*sump"tu*ous*ly, adv. In a presumptuous manner; arrogantly.

                               Presumptuousness

   Pre*sump"tu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being presumptuous.

                                  Presupposal

   Pre`sup*pos"al   (?),   n.   Presupposition.   [R.]   "Presupposal  of
   knowledge." Hooker.

                                  Presuppose

   Pre`sup*pose"  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presupposed (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Presupposing.]  [Pref.  pre- + suppose: cf. F. pr\'82supposer.] To
   suppose  beforehand;  to  imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to
   assume; as, creation presupposes a creator.

     Each  [kind of knowledge] presupposes many necessary things learned
     in other sciences, and known beforehand. Hooker.

                                Presupposition

   Pre*sup`po*si"tion   (?),   n.  [Pref.  pre-  +  supposition:  cf.  F.
   pr\'82supposition.]

   1. The act of presupposing; an antecedent implication; presumption.

   2. That which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise.

                                  Presurmise

   Pre`sur*mise" (?), n. A surmise previously formed. Shak.

                                  Presystolic

   Pre`sys*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the systole or contraction
   of the heart; as, the presystolic friction sound.

                                  Pretemporal

   Pre*tem"po*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the temporal bone.

                  Pretence, n., Pretenceful, a., Pretenceless

   Pre*tence"   (?),  n.,  Pre*tence"ful,  a.,  Pre*tence"*less,  a.  See
   Pretense, Pretenseful, Pretenseless.

                                    Pretend

   Pre*tend"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pretended;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pretending.]  [OE.  pretenden  to  lay  claim  to, F. pr\'82tendre, L.
   praetendere,   praetentum,  to  stretch  forward,  pretend,  simulate,
   assert; prae before + tendere to stretch. See Tend, v. t. ]

   1. To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.

     Chiefs shall be grudged the part which they pretend. Dryden.

   2.  To  hold  before,  or  put  forward,  as  a  cloak or disguise for
   something else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden. [R.]

     Lest  that too heavenly form, pretended To hellish falsehood, snare
     them. Milton.

   3.  To  hold  out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as
   true  or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or
   for  the  purpose  of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; as, to pretend
   friendship.

     This  let  him  know,  Lest,  willfully  transgressing,  he pretend
     Surprisal. Milton.

   4. To intend; to design; to plot; to attempt. [Obs.]

     Such as shall pretend Malicious practices against his state. Shak.

   5.  To  hold before one; to extend. [Obs.] "His target always over her
   pretended." Spenser.

                                    Pretend

   Pre*tend", v. i.

   1.  To  put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to allege a title;
   to  lay  claim  to,  or  strive  after, something; -- usually with to.
   "Countries that pretend to freedom." Swift.

     For to what fine he would anon pretend, That know I well. Chaucer.

   2.  To hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to
   profess;  to  make  believe;  to  feign; to sham; as, to pretend to be
   asleep. "[He] pretended to drink the waters." Macaulay.

                                  Pretendant

   Pre*tend"ant (?), n. A pretender; a claimant.

                                   Pretended

   Pre*tend"ed,   a.  Making  a  false  appearance;  unreal;  false;  as,
   pretended friend. -- Pre*tend"ed*ly, adv.

                                  Pretendence

   Pre*tend"ence (?), n. The act of pretending; pretense. [Obs.] Daniel.

                                   Pretender

   Pre*tend"er (?), n.

   1.  One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to something); a claimant.
   Specifically,  The  pretender (Eng. Hist.), the son or the grandson of
   James  II.,  the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who laid claim to
   the throne of Great Britain, from which the house was excluded by law.

     It  is  the  shallow,  unimproved intellects that are the confident
     pretenders to certainty. Glanvill.

   2. One who pretends, simulates, or feigns.

                                 Pretendership

   Pre*tend"er*ship,  n.  The  character, right, or claim of a pretender.
   Swift.

                                 Pretendingly

   Pre*tend"ing*ly,    adv.   As   by   right   or   title;   arrogantly;
   presumptuously. Collier.

                              Pretense, Pretence

   Pre*tense",  Pre*tence  (?), n. [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus, p.
   p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.]

   1.  The  act  of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension.
   Spenser.

     Primogeniture  can  not  have  any  pretense  to  a right of solely
     inheriting property or power. Locke.

     I went to Lambeth with Sir R. Brown's pretense to the wardenship of
     Merton College, Oxford. Evelyn.

   2.  The  act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or
   feigned;  presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception
   by  showing  what  is  unreal and concealing what is real; false show;
   simulation;  as, pretense of illness; under pretense of patriotism; on
   pretense of revenging C\'91sar's death.

   3.  That  which  is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show,
   argument, or reason; pretext; feint.

     Let  not  the  Trojans, with a feigned pretense Of proffered peace,
     delude the Latian prince. Dryden.

   4. Intention; design. [Obs.]

     A very pretense and purpose of unkindness. Shak.

     NOTE: &hand; See the Note under Offense.

   Syn.  --  Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse. -- Pretense,
   Pretext.  A  pretense is something held out as real when it is not so,
   thus falsifying the truth. A pretext is something woven up in order to
   cover  or conceal one's true motives, feelings, or reasons. Pretext is
   often, but not always, used in a bad sense.

                                   Pretensed

   Pre*tensed"  (?), a. Pretended; feigned. [Obs.] -- Pre*tens"ed*ly (#),
   adv. [Obs.]

                                  Pretenseful

   Pre*tense"ful (?), a. Abounding in pretenses.

                                 Pretenseless

   Pre*tense"less, a. Not having or making pretenses.

                                  Pretension

   Pre*ten"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82tention. See Pretend, Tension.]

   1.  The act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right
   or title.

     The  arrogant  pretensions of Glengarry contributed to protract the
     discussion. Macaulay.

   2.  A claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a
   holding  out  the  appearance  of  possessing a certain character; as,
   pretensions to scholarship.

     This  was  but  an  invention  and  pretension  given  out  by  the
     Spaniards. Bacon.

     Men   indulge   those  opinions  and  practices  that  favor  their
     pretensions. L'Estrange.

                                 Pretentative

   Pre*ten"ta*tive (?), a. [Pref. pre- + tentative: cf. L. praetentare to
   try  beforehand.]  Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental. [R.] Sir
   H. Wotton.

                                  Pretentious

   Pre*ten"tious  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. pr\'82tentieux. See Pretend.] Full of
   pretension;  disposed  to  lay claim to more than is one's; presuming;
   assuming. -- Pre*ten"tious*ly, adv. -- Pre*ten"tious*ness, n.

                                    Preter-

   Pre"ter-  (?).  [L. praeter past, beyond, originally a compar. of prae
   before.  See  For,  prep.]  A prefix signifying past, by, beyond, more
   than;  as,  preter-  mission,  a  permitting  to go by; preternatural,
   beyond or more than is natural. [Written also pr\'91ter.]

                                  Preterhuman

   Pre`ter*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. preter- + human.] More than human.

                                  Preterient

   Pre*te"ri*ent  (?),  a.  [L. praeteriens, p. pr. See Preterit.] Passed
   through; antecedent; previous; as, preterient states. [R.]

                                Preterimperfect

   Pre`ter*im*per"fect  (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + imperfect.] (Gram.)
   Old name of the tense also called imperfect.

                                   Preterist

   Pret"er*ist (?), n. [Pref. preter- + -ist.]

   1.  One  whose chief interest is in the past; one who regards the past
   with most pleasure or favor.

   2.  (Theol.) One who believes the prophecies of the Apocalypse to have
   been already fulfilled. Farrar.

                                   Preterit

   Pret"er*it  (?; 277), a. [L. praeteritus, p. p. of praeterire to go or
   pass  by;  praeter  beyond, by + ire to go: cf. F. pr\'82t\'82rit. See
   Issue.] [Written also preterite and pr\'91terite.]

   1.  (Gram.)  Past;  -- applied to a tense which expresses an action or
   state as past.

   2. Belonging wholly to the past; passed by. [R.]

     Things  and  persons  as  thoroughly  preterite as Romulus or Numa.
     Lowell.

                                   Preterit

   Pret"er*it,  n.  (Gram.)  The  preterit;  also, a word in the preterit
   tense.

                                   Preterite

   Pret"er*ite (?), a. & n. Same as Preterit.

                                 Preteriteness

   Pret"er*ite*ness, n. Same as Preteritness.

                                  Preterition

   Pre`ter*i"tion    (?;    277),    n.    [L.    praeteritio:   cf.   F.
   pr\'82t\'82rition.]

   1.  The  act  of  passing, or going past; the state of being past. Bp.
   Hall.

   2.  (Rhet.)  A figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a
   summary  mention of it is made; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he
   is learned, he is just." Called also paraleipsis.

   3.  (Law)  The  omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is
   entitled to a portion. Bouvier.

                                  Preteritive

   Pre*ter"i*tive (?), a. (Gram.) Used only or chiefly in the preterit or
   past tenses, as certain verbs.

                                 Preteritness

   Pret"er*it*ness  (?),  n. The quality or state of being past. Bentley.
   Lowell.

                                 Preterlapsed

   Pre`ter*lapsed"  (?),  a.  [L.  praeterlapsus, p. p. of praeterlabi to
   glide  by.  See  Preter-,  Lapse.]  Past;  as, preterlapsed ages. [R.]
   Glanvill.

                                  Preterlegal

   Pre`ter*le"gal  (?),  a. [Pref. preter- + legal.] Exceeding the limits
   of law. [R.]
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                                 Pretermission

   Pre`ter*mis"sion (?), n. [L. praetermissio. See Pretermit.]

   1. The act of passing by or omitting; omission. Milton.

   2. (Rhet.) See Preterition.

                                   Pretermit

   Pre`ter*mit"  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Pretermitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pretermitting.]  [L.  praetermittere,  praetermissum; praeter beyond +
   mittere  to  send.  See  Mission.]  To pass by; to omit; to disregard.
   Bacon.

                                 Preternatural

   Pre`ter*nat"u*ral  (?;  135),  a.  [Pref. preter + natural.] Beyond of
   different  from what is natural, or according to the regular course of
   things,   but   not   clearly  supernatural  or  miraculous;  strange;
   inexplicable;  extraordinary;  uncommon;  irregular;  abnormal;  as, a
   preternatural  appearance;  a preternatural stillness; a preternatural
   presentation (in childbirth) or labor.

     This vile and preternatural temper of mind. South.

   Syn. -- See Supernatural.

                               Preternaturalism

   Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ism  (?),  n.  The  state  of being preternatural; a
   preternatural condition.

                               Preternaturality

   Pre`ter*nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. Preternaturalness. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

                                Preternaturally

   Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ly  (?;  135),  adv.  In  a  preternatural manner or
   degree. Bacon.

                               Preternaturalness

   Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ness,   n.   The   quality   or   state   of   being
   preternatural.

                                 Preterperfect

   Pre`ter*per"fect  (?),  a. & n. [Pref. preter- + perfect.] (Gram.) Old
   name of the tense also called preterit.

                               Preterpluperfect

   Pre`ter*plu"per`fect  (?),  a.  &  n.  [Pref.  preter-  + pluperfect.]
   (Gram.) Old name of the tense also called pluperfect.

                                  Pretertiary

   Pre*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. (Geol.) Earlier than Tertiary.

                                 Pretervection

   Pre`ter*vec"tion (?), n. [L. praetervectio, fr. praetervehere to carry
   beyond.  See Invection.] The act of carrying past or beyond. [R.] Abp.
   Potter.

                                    Pretex

   Pre*tex" (?), v. t. [L. praetexere. See Pretext.] To frame; to devise;
   to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend; to declare falsely. [Obs.]

                                    Pretext

   Pre"text  (?; 277), n. [F. pr\'82texte, L. praetextum, fr. praetextus,
   p.  p. of praetexere to weave before, allege as an excuse; prae before
   +  texere to weave. See Text.] Ostensible reason or motive assigned or
   assumed  as  a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense;
   disguise.

     They  suck  the  blood  of those they depend on, under a pretext of
     service and kindness. L'Estrange.

     With how much or how little pretext of reason. Dr. H. More.

   Syn.   --  Pretense;  excuse;  semblance;  disguise;  appearance.  See
   Pretense.

                                  Pretexture

   Pre*tex"ture (?; 135), n. A pretext. [Obs.]

                                   Pretibial

   Pre*tib"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the tibia.

                                    Pretor

   Pre"tor  (?),  n. [L. praetor, for praeitor, fr. praeire to go before;
   prae before + ire to go. See Issue.]

   1.  (Rom.  Antiq.)  A  civil  officer  or magistrate among the ancient
   Romans.

     NOTE: &hand; Or iginally the pretor was a kind of third consul; but
     at  an  early  period two pretors were appointed, the first of whom
     (praetor  urbanus)  was  a  kind  of mayor or city judge; the other
     (praetor  peregrinus)  was a judge of cases in which one or both of
     the parties were foreigners. Still later, the number of pretors, or
     judges, was further increased.

   2. Hence, a mayor or magistrate. [R.] Dryden.

                                   Pretorial

   Pre*to"ri*al (?), a. Pretorian. Burke.

                                   Pretorian

   Pre*to"ri*an  (?),  a.  [L.  praetorians:  cf. F. pr\'82torien.] Of or
   pertaining  to  a  pretor  or  magistrate;  judicial; exercised by, or
   belonging  to,  a  pretor; as, pretorian power or authority. Pretorian
   bands OR guards, OR Pretorians (Rom. Hist.), the emperor's bodyguards,
   instituted  by the Emperor Augustus in nine cohorts of 1,000 men each.
   --  Pretorian gate (Rom. Antiq.), that one of the four gates in a camp
   which lay next the enemy. Brande & C.

                                   Pretorian

   Pre*to"ri*an, n. A soldier of the pretorian guard.

                                   Pretorium

   Pre*to"ri*um (?), n. [L. praetorium, fr. praetor.]

   1.  The  general's  tent  in  a  Roman  camp; hence, a council of war,
   because held in the general's tent.

   2. The official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a place;
   a splendid country seat.

                                  Pretorship

   Pre"tor*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a pretor. J. Warton

                                  Pretorture

   Pre*tor"ture (?; 135), v. t. To torture beforehand. Fuller.

                                   Prettily

   Pret"ti*ly (?), adv. In a pretty manner.

                                  Prettiness

   Pret"ti*ness,  n.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  pretty; -- used
   sometimes in a disparaging sense.

     A  style  .  .  .  without  sententious  pretension or antithetical
     prettiness. Jeffrey.

                                    Pretty

   Pret"ty (?), a. [Compar. Prettier (?); superl. Prettiest.] [OE. prati,
   AS.  pr\'91ttig,  pr\'91tig,  crafty,  sly, akin to pr\'91t, pr\'91tt,
   deceit,  trickery, Icel. prettugr tricky, prettr a trick; probably fr.
   Latin,  perhaps through Celtic; cf. W. praith act, deed, practice, LL.
   practica execution, practice, plot. See Practice.]

   1.  Pleasing  by  delicacy  or  grace; attracting, but not striking or
   impressing;  of  a pleasing and attractive form a color; having slight
   or  diminutive  beauty; neat or elegant without elevation or grandeur;
   pleasingly,  but  not  grandly,  conceived  or expressed; as, a pretty
   face; a pretty flower; a pretty poem.

     This is the prettiest lowborn lass that ever Ran on the greensward.
     Shak.

   2.  Moderately large; considerable; as, he had saved a pretty fortune.
   "Wavering a pretty while." Evelyn.

   3. Affectedly nice; foppish; -- used in an ill sense.

     The  pretty  gentleman  is  the  most  complaisant  in  the  world.
     Spectator.

   4.  Mean;  despicable;  contemptible; -- used ironically; as, a pretty
   trick; a pretty fellow.

   5. Stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant. [Scot.]

     [He]  observed  they  were pretty men, meaning not handsome. Sir W.
     Scott.

   Syn. -- Elegant; neat; fine. See Handsome.

                                    Pretty

   Pret"ty  (?),  adv.  In some degree; moderately; considerably; rather;
   almost;  -- less emphatic than very; as, I am pretty sure of the fact;
   pretty cold weather.

     Pretty plainly professes himself a sincere Christian. Atterbury.

                                   Prettyish

   Pret"ty*ish, a. Somewhat pretty. Walpole.

                                   Prettyism

   Pret"ty*ism  (?),  n. Affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc. [R.]
   Ed. Rev.

                                 Pretty-spoken

   Pret"ty-spo`ken (?), a. Spoken or speaking prettily. [Colloq.]

                                   Pretypify

   Pre*typ"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretypified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pretypifying.]  To  prefigure;  to  exhibit  previously in a type. Bp.
   Pearson.

                                    Pretzel

   Pret"zel  (?), n. [G. pretzel, bretzel. Cf. Bretzel.] A kind of German
   biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside.

                                    Prevail

   Pre*vail"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  & p. p. Prevailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prevailing.]  [F.  pr\'82valoir,  OF.  prevaleir,  L. praevalere; prae
   before + valere to be strong, able, or worth. See Valiant.]

   1.  To  overcome;  to  gain  the  victory  or superiority; to gain the
   advantage;  to  have  the  upper  hand, or the mastery; to succeed; --
   sometimes with over or against.

     When Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed, and when he let down
     his hand, Amalek prevailed. Ex. xvii. 11.

     So David prevailed over the Philistine. 1 Sam. xvii. 50.

     This  kingdom  could  never  prevail  against  the  united power of
     England. Swift.

   2.  To  be  in  force;  to  have  effect,  power,  or influence; to be
   predominant;  to  have  currency  or  prevalence;  to  obtain; as, the
   practice prevails this day.

     This   custom  makes  the  short-sighted  bigots,  and  the  warier
     skeptics, as far as it prevails. Locke.

   3. To persuade or induce; -- with on, upon, or with; as, I prevailedon
   him to wait.

     He was prevailed with to restrain the Earl. Clarendon.

     Prevail  upon some judicious friend to be your constant hearer, and
     allow him the utmost freedom. Swift.

                                  Prevailing

   Pre*vail"ing, a.

   1. Having superior force or influence; efficacious; persuasive. Shak.

     Saints shall assist thee with prevailing prayers. Rowe.

   2. Predominant; prevalent; most general; as, the prevailing disease of
   a climate; a prevailing opinion. Syn. See Prevalent.

                                 Prevailingly

   Pre*vail"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevail.

                                  Prevailment

   Pre*vail"ment (?), n. Prevalence; superior influence; efficacy. [Obs.]
   Shak.

                                  Prevalence

   Prev"a*lence  (?),  n.  [L.  praevalentia:  cf.  F. pr\'82valence. See
   Prevail.]  The  quality  or  condition  of  being  prevalent; superior
   strength,  force,  or  influence;  general  existence,  reception,  or
   practice;  wide extension; as, the prevalence of virtue, of a fashion,
   or of a disease; the prevalence of a rumor.

     The  duke better knew what kind of argument were of prevalence with
     him. Clarendon.

                                  Prevalency

   Prev"a*len*cy (?), n. See Prevalence.

                                   Prevalent

   Prev"a*lent  (?), a. [L. praevalens, -entis, p. pr. of praevalere. See
   Prevail.]

   1. Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force, influence,
   or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful; victorious.

     Brennus  told  the  Roman  embassadors, that prevalent arms were as
     good as any title. Sir W. Raleigh.

   2.  Most  generally  received  or  current;  most  widely  adopted  or
   practiced;   also,  generally  or  extensively  existing;  widespread;
   prevailing; as, a prevalent observance; prevalent disease.

     This was the most received and prevalent opinion. Woodward.

   Syn. -- Prevailing; predominant; successful; efficacious; powerful. --
   Prevalent,  Prevailing.  What customarily prevails is prevalent; as, a
   prevalent  fashion.  What  actually  prevails  is  prevailing; as, the
   prevailing  winds are west. Hence, prevailing is the livelier and more
   pointed  word,  since it represents a thing in action. It is sometimes
   the stronger word, since a thing may prevail sufficiently to be called
   prevalent,  and  yet  require  greater  strength  to  make it actually
   prevailing.

                                  Prevalently

   Prev"a*lent"ly, adv. In a prevalent manner. Prior.

                                  Prevaricate

   Pre*var"i*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevaricated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Prevaricating.]  [L.  praevaricatus, p. p. of praevaricari to walk
   crookedly, to collude; prae before + varicare to straddle, fr. varicus
   straddling, varus bent. See Varicose.]

   1.  To  shift  or  turn  from  one  side to the other, from the direct
   course,  or  from  truth;  to  speak with equivocation; to shuffle; to
   quibble; as, he prevaricates in his statement.

     He prevaricates with his own understanding. South.

   2.  (Civil  Law)  To  collude,  as where an informer colludes with the
   defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.

   3.  (Eng.  Law) To undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the
   purpose  of  defeating or destroying it. Syn. -- To evade; equivocate;
   quibble;  shuffle. -- Prevaricate, Evade, Equivocate. One who evades a
   question  ostensibly  answers it, but really turns aside to some other
   point.  He  who  equivocate uses words which have a double meaning, so
   that  in one sense he can claim to have said the truth, though he does
   in  fact  deceive, and intends to do it. He who prevaricates talks all
   round the question, hoping to "dodge" it, and disclose nothing.

                                  Prevaricate

   Pre*var"i*cate,  v.  t.  To  evade  by  a  quibble;  to transgress; to
   pervert. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

                                 Prevarication

   Pre*var`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praevaricatio: cf. F. pr\'82varication.]

   1.  The  act  of  prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the
   truth  or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair
   dealing.

     The  august  tribunal  of  the  skies, where no prevarication shall
     avail. Cowper.

   2. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office.

   3.  (Law)  (a)  (Roman  Law)  The  collusion  of  an informer with the
   defendant,  for  the purpose of making a sham prosecution. (b) (Common
   Law) A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose
   of defeating or destroying it. Cowell.

                                 Prevaricator

   Pre*var"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L. praevaricator: cf. F. pr\'82varicateur.]

   1. One who prevaricates.

   2.  (Roman  Law) A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a
   sham prosecution.

   3. One who betrays or abuses a trust. Prynne.

                                     Preve

   Preve (?), v. i. & i. To prove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Preve

   Preve, n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Prevenance

   Prev"e*nance  (?),  n.  [F.  pr\'82venance.] (Metaph.) A going before;
   anticipation  in  sequence  or order. "The law of prevenance is simply
   the well-known law of phenomenal sequence." Ward.

                                  Prevenancy

   Prev"e*nan*cy  (?),  n.  The  act  of  anticipating  another's wishes,
   desires,  etc.,  in  the  way  of  favor or courtesy; hence, civility;
   obligingness. [Obs.] Sterne.

                                    Prevene

   Pre*vene"  (?),  v.  t.  &  i.  [F.  pr\'82venir,  L.  praevenire. See
   Prevent.] To come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent.
   [Obs.] Philips.

                                  Prevenience

   Pre*ven"i*ence  (?;  106),  n.  The act of going before; anticipation.
   [R.]

                                  Prevenient

   Pre*ven"i*ent   (?),   a.  [L.  praeveniens,  p.  pr.]  Going  before;
   preceding; hence, preventive. "Prevenient grace descending." Milton.

                                    Prevent

   Pre*vent"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Prevented;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Preventing.] [L. praevenire, praeventum; prae before + venire to come.
   See Come.]

   1.  To  go  before;  to  precede;  hence,  to go before as a guide; to
   direct. [Obs.]

     We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not
     prevent them which are asleep. 1 Thess. iv. 15.

     We  pray  thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us. Bk.
     of Common Prayer.

     Then had I come, preventing Sheba's queen. Prior.

   2. To be beforehand with; to anticipate. [Obs.]

     Their ready guilt preventing thy commands. Pope.

   3.  To  intercept;  to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart. "This
   vile purpose to prevent." Shak.

     Perhaps forestalling night prevented them. Milton.

                                    Prevent

   Pre*vent", v. i. To come before the usual time. [Obs.]

     Strawberries . . . will prevent and come early. Bacon.

                                Preventability

   Pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preventable.

                                  Preventable

   Pre*vent"a*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of being prevented or hindered; as,
   preventable diseases.

                                 Preventative

   Pre*vent"a*tive  (?),  n.  That  which  prevents;  -- incorrectly used
   instead of preventive.

                                   Preventer

   Pre*vent"er (?), n.

   1.  One  who  goes  before; one who forestalls or anticipates another.
   [Obs.] Bacon.

   2.  One who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; as,
   a preventer of evils or of disease.

   3. (Naut.) An auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast.
   Preventer  bolts, OR Preventer plates (Naut.), fixtures connected with
   preventers  to  re\'89nforce other rigging. -- Preventer stay. (Naut.)
   Same as Preventer, 3.

                                 Preventingly

   Pre*vent"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevent or hinder.

                                  Prevention

   Pre*ven"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pr\'82vention.]

   1. The act of going, or state of being, before. [Obs.]

     The greater the distance, the greater the prevention. Bacon.

   2.  Anticipation;  esp.,  anticipation  of  needs  or  wishes;  hence,
   precaution; forethought. [Obs.] Hammond. Shak.

   3.  The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access,
   or approach; thwarting. South.

     Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention. Shak.

   4. Prejudice; prepossession. [A Gallicism] Dryden.

                                 Preventional

   Pre*ven"tion*al (?), a. Tending to prevent. [Obs.]

                                  Preventive

   Pre*vent"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. pr\'82ventif.]

   1. Going before; preceding. [Obs.]

     Any previous counsel or preventive understanding. Cudworth.

   2.  Tending  to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of;
   as, a medicine preventive of disease.

     Physic is either curative or preventive. Sir T. Browne.

   Preventive service, the duty performed by the armed police in guarding
   the coast against smuggling. [Eng]

                                  Preventive

   Pre*vent"ive,  n.  That  which  prevents,  hinders, or obstructs; that
   which  intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a
   prophylactic.

                                 Preventively

   Pre*vent"ive*ly, adv. In a preventive manner.

                                 Prevertebral

   Pre*ver"te*bral  (?),  a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front, or on
   the ventral side, of the vertebral column; prespinal.

                                   Previous

   Pre"vi*ous  (?),  a.  [L. praevius going before, leading the way; prae
   before  +  via  the  way.  See Voyage.] Going before in time; being or
   happening  before  something  else;  antecedent;  prior;  as, previous
   arrangements; a previous illness.

     The  dull  sound  .  .  .  previous  to  the  storm, Rolls o'er the
     muttering earth. Thomson.

   Previous  question.  (Parliamentary  Practice) See under Question, and
   compare Closure. -- Previous to, before; -- often used adverbially for
   previously.  "Previous to publication." M. Arnold. "A policy . . . his
   friends  had  advised  previous  to  1710."  J.  H.  Newman.  Syn.  --
   Antecedent; preceding; anterior; prior; foregoing; former.
   
                                  Previously
                                       
   Pre"vi*ous*ly,  adv.  Beforehand;  antecedently; as, a plan previously
   formed. 

                                 Previousness

   Pre"vi*ous*ness,  n.  The quality or state of being previous; priority
   or antecedence in time.

                                    Previse

   Pre*vise"  (?),  v.  t. [L. praevisus, p. p. of praevidere to foresee;
   prae before + videre to see. See Vision.]

   1. To foresee. [R.]

   2. To inform beforehand; to warn. Ld. Lytton.

                                   Prevision

   Pre*vi"sion  (?),  n. [Cf. F. pr\'82vision.] Foresight; foreknowledge;
   prescience. H. Spencer.

                                   Prevoyant

   Pre*voy"ant  (?),  a.  [F.  pr\'82voyant.] Foreseeing; prescient. [R.]
   Mrs. Oliphant.

                                    Prewarn

   Pre*warn" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Prewarned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prewarning.] To warn beforehand; to forewarn. [R.]
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   Page 1136

                                     Prey

   Prey  (?),  n. [OF. preie, F. proie, L. praeda, probably for praeheda.
   See  Prehensile,  and  cf.  Depredate, Predatory.] Anything, as goods,
   etc.,  taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy
   in war; spoil; booty; plunder.

     And  they  brought  the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto
     Moses, and Eleazar the priest. Num. xxxi. 12.

   2.  That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured;
   hence, a person given up as a victim.

     The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job iv. ii.

     Already sees herself the monster's prey. Dryden.

   3. The act of devouring other creatures; ravage.

     Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in prey. Shak.

   Beast  of  prey,  a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of
   other animals.

                                     Prey

   Prey  (?),  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Preyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preying.]
   [OF.  preier,  preer,  L.  praedari, fr. praeda. See Prey, n.] To take
   booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence.

     More  pity that the eagle should be mewed, While kites and buzzards
     prey at liberty. Shak.

   To  prey on OR upon. (a) To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to
   rob.  Shak.  (b)  To  seize  as prey; to take for food by violence; to
   seize  and devour. Shak. (c) To wear away gradually; to cause to waste
   or pine away; as, the trouble preyed upon his mind. Addison.
   
                                    Preyer
                                       
   Prey"er  (?), n. One who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster;
   a devourer. Hooker. 

                                    Preyful

   Prey"ful (?), a.

   1. Disposed to take prey. [Obs.]

     The preyful brood of savage beasts. Chapman.

   2. Rich in prey. [Obs.] Shak.

                                Prezygapophysis

   Pre*zyg`a*poph"y*sis  (?), n.; pl. Prezygapophyses (#). [NL. See Pre-,
   and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) An anterior zygapophysis.

                                     Prial

   Pri"al (?), n. A corruption of pair royal. See under Pair, n.

                                     Prian

   Pri"an  (?),  n.  [Cornish,  clayey ground, from pri clay.] (Mining) A
   fine,  white,  somewhat  friable  clay;  also,  the ore contained in a
   mixture of clay and pebbles. [Written also pryan.]

                                   Priapean

   Pri`a*pe"an  (?),  n.  [Cf. L. Priapeius pertaining to Priapus.] (Lat.
   Pros.)  A species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible
   into  two  portions  of three feet each, having generally a trochee in
   the  first  and  the  fourth  foot, and an amphimacer in the third; --
   applied also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to be
   divisible into two portions of three feet each. Andrews.

                                   Priapism

   Pri"a*pism, n. [L. priapismus, Gr. Priapus the god of procreation, the
   penis,  Gr.  priapisme.]  (Med.)  More  or less permanent erection and
   rigidity of the penis, with or without sexual desire.

                                  Priapulacea

   Pri*ap`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Priapism.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder
   of  Gephyr\'91a,  having  a  cylindrical  body  with  a  terminal anal
   opening, and usually with one or two caudal gills.

                                   Pricasour

   Pric"a*sour (?), n. A hard rider. [Obs.]

                                     Price

   Price  (?), n. [OE. pris, OF. pris, F. prix, L. pretium; cf. Gr. pa to
   buy,  OI. renim I sell. Cf. Appreciate, Depreciate, Interpret, Praise,
   n. & v., Precious, Prize.]

   1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value
   which  a  seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something
   is  bought  or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other
   means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or
   in  barter; cost. "Buy wine and milk without money and without price."
   Isa. lv. 1.

     We can afford no more at such a price. Shak.

   2. Value; estimation; excellence; worth.

     Her price is far above rubies. Prov. xxxi. 10.

     New treasures still, of countless price. Keble.

   3. Reward; recompense; as, the price of industry.

     'T  is  the  price of toil, The knave deserves it when he tills the
     soil. Pope.

   Price  current,  OR  Price list, a statement or list of the prevailing
   prices  of  merchandise,  stocks,  specie,  bills  of  exchange, etc.,
   published statedly or occasionally.

                                     Price

   Price, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Priced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricing.]

   1. To pay the price of. [Obs.]

     With thine own blood to price his blood. Spenser.

   2. To set a price on; to value. See Prize.

   3. To ask the price of; as, to price eggs. [Colloq.]

                                    Priced

   Priced  (?),  a.  Rated  in  price;  valued;  as,  high-priced  goods;
   low-priced labor.

                                   Priceite

   Price"ite  (?),  n.  [From  Thomas  Price  of San Francisco.] (Min.) A
   hydrous borate of lime, from Oregon.

                                   Priceless

   Price"less, a.

   1.  Too  valuable  to  admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth;
   invaluable.

   2. Of no value; worthless. [R.] J. Barlow.

                                     Prick

   Prick (?), n. [AS. prica, pricca, pricu; akin to LG. prick, pricke, D.
   prik, Dan. prik, prikke, Sw. prick. Cf. Prick, v.]

   1.  That  which  pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender
   thing; a pointed instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer.

     Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary. Shak.

     It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. Acts ix. 5.

   2.  The  act  of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp,
   stinging  pain;  figuratively, remorse. "The pricks of conscience." A.
   Tucker.

   3.  A  mark  made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point. Hence:
   (a) A point or mark on the dial, noting the hour. [Obs.] "The prick of
   noon."  Shak.  (b)  The point on a target at which an archer aims; the
   mark;  the  pin. "They that shooten nearest the prick." Spenser. (c) A
   mark  denoting  degree;  degree;  pitch.  [Obs.]  "To prick of highest
   praise  forth  to  advance."  Spenser.  (d)  A  mathematical point; --
   regularly  used  in  old  English  translations  of  Euclid.  (e)  The
   footprint of a hare. [Obs.]

   4. (Naut.) A small roll; as, a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco.

                                     Prick

   Prick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricking.]
   [AS.  prician;  akin  to  LG.  pricken,  D.  prikken, Dan. prikke, Sw.
   pricka. See Prick, n., and cf. Prink, Prig.]

   1. To pierce slightly with a sharp-pointed instrument or substance; to
   make  a  puncture  in, or to make by puncturing; to drive a fine point
   into;  as,  to prick one with a pin, needle, etc.; to prick a card; to
   prick holes in paper.

   2.  To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to prick
   a knife into a board. Sir I. Newton.

     The cooks prick it [a slice] on a prong of iron. Sandys.

   3.  To  mark  or  denote  by  a puncture; to designate by pricking; to
   choose; to mark; -- sometimes with off.

     Some who are pricked for sheriffs. Bacon.

     Let the soldiers for duty be carefully pricked off. Sir W. Scott.

     Those many, then, shall die: their names are pricked. Shak.

   4. To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking;
   to  mark  by punctured dots; as, to prick a pattern for embroidery; to
   prick the notes of a musical composition. Cowper.

   5.  To  ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge
   on; -- sometimes with on, or off.

     Who pricketh his blind horse over the fallows. Chaucer.

     The season pricketh every gentle heart. Chaucer.

     My duty pricks me on to utter that. Shak.

   6.  To  affect  with  sharp  pain;  to  sting, as with remorse. "I was
   pricked with some reproof." Tennyson.

     Now  when  they  heard this, they were pricked in their heart. Acts
     ii. 37.

   7.  To  make  sharp;  to  erect  into  a point; to raise, as something
   pointed;  --  said  especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or
   dog;  and  usually  followed by up; -- hence, to prick up the ears, to
   listen  sharply;  to have the attention and interest strongly engaged.
   "The courser . . . pricks up his ears." Dryden.

   8. To render acid or pungent. [Obs.] Hudibras.

   9. To dress; to prink; -- usually with up. [Obs.]

   10.  (Naut)  (a) To run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail.
   (b) To trace on a chart, as a ship's course.

   11.  (Far.)  (a) To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause
   lameness. (b) To nick.

                                     Prick

   Prick, v. i.

   1.  To  be  punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by puncture;
   as, a sore finger pricks.

   2. To spur onward; to ride on horseback. Milton.

     A gentle knight was pricking on the plain. Spenser.

   3. To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine.

   4. To aim at a point or mark. Hawkins.

                                  Prick-eared

   Prick"-eared`  (?),  a. (Zo\'94l.) Having erect, pointed ears; -- said
   of certain dogs.

     Thou prick-eared cur of Iceland. Shak.

                                    Pricker

   Prick"er (?), n.

   1.  One  who,  or  that  which,  pricks; a pointed instrument; a sharp
   point; a prickle.

   2. One who spurs forward; a light horseman.

     The prickers, who rode foremost, . . . halted. Sir W. Scott.

   3.  A priming wire; a priming needle, -- used in blasting and gunnery.
   Knight.

   4.  (Naut.) A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, --
   used in sailmaking. R. H. Dana, Ir.

                                    Pricket

   Prick"et  (?),  n. [Perhaps so called from the state of his horns. See
   Prick,  and  cf.  Brocket.]  (Zo\'94l.) A buck in his second year. See
   Note under 3d Buck. Shak.

                                   Pricking

   Prick"ing, n.

   1.  The  act  of  piercing or puncturing with a sharp point. "There is
   that speaketh like the prickings of a sword." Prov. xii. 18 [1583].

   2.  (Far.)  (a)  The  driving  of  a nail into a horse's foot so as to
   produce lameness. (b) Same as Nicking.

   3. A sensation of being pricked. Shak.

   4.  The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of
   tracing a hare by its footmarks. [Obs.]

   5. Dressing one's self for show; prinking. [Obs.]

                                  Pricking-up

   Prick"ing-up  (?),  n. (Arch.) The first coating of plaster in work of
   three coats upon laths. Its surface is scratched once to form a better
   key  for  the  next  coat.  In  the United States called scratch coat.
   Brande & C.

                                    Prickle

   Pric"kle  (?),  n.  [AS.  pricele,  pricle;  akin  to  LG. prickel, D.
   prikkel. See Prick, n.]

   1.  A  little  prick;  a  small, sharp point; a fine, sharp process or
   projection,  as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a plant, etc.;
   a spine. Bacon.

   2.  A  kind of willow basket; -- a term still used in some branches of
   trade. B. Jonson.

   3. A sieve of filberts, -- about fifty pounds. [Eng.]

                                    Prickle

   Pric"kle,  v.  t.  To prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp
   points.

     Felt  a  horror  over  me creep, Prickle skin, and catch my breath.
     Tennyson.

                           Prickleback, Pricklefish

   Pric"kle*back` (?), Pric"kle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The stickleback.

                                  Prickliness

   Prick"li*ness (?), n. [From Prickly.] The quality of being prickly, or
   of having many prickles.

                                   Prickling

   Prick"ling (?), a. Prickly. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                  Pricklouse

   Prick"louse`  (?),  n. A tailor; -- so called in contempt. [Old slang]
   L'Estrange.

                                    Prickly

   Prick"ly,  a.  Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with
   prickles;  as,  a  prickly  shrub. Prickly ash (Bot.), a prickly shrub
   (Xanthoxylum  Americanum)  with  yellowish  flowers appearing with the
   leaves.  All parts of the plant are pungent and aromatic. The southern
   species   is   X.  Carolinianum.  Gray.  --  Prickly  heat  (Med.),  a
   noncontagious cutaneous eruption of red pimples, attended with intense
   itching  and tingling of the parts affected. It is due to inflammation
   of  the  sweat glands, and is often brought on by overheating the skin
   in hot weather. -- Prickly pear (Bot.), a name given to several plants
   of the cactaceous genus Opuntia, American plants consisting of fleshy,
   leafless,  usually  flattened,  and often prickly joints inserted upon
   each other. The sessile flowers have many petals and numerous stamens.
   The edible fruit is a large pear-shaped berry containing many flattish
   seeds.  The  common species of the Northern Atlantic States is Opuntia
   vulgaris.  In  the  South  and  West  are many others, and in tropical
   America more than a hundred more. O. vulgaris, O. Ficus-Indica, and O.
   Tuna  are  abundantly  introduced  in the Mediterranean region, and O.
   Dillenii  has  become  common in India. -- Prickly pole (Bot.), a West
   Indian  palm  (Bactris  Plumierana),  the slender trunk of which bears
   many  rings  of  long  black prickles. -- Prickly withe (Bot.), a West
   Indian cactaceous plant (Cereus triangularis) having prickly, slender,
   climbing,  triangular  stems.  --  Prickly  rat (Zo\'94l.), any one of
   several  species  of  South  American  burrowing  rodents belonging to
   Ctenomys  and  allied  genera.  The  hair is usually intermingled with
   sharp spines.

                                  Prickmadam

   Prick"mad`am  (?), n. [F. trique-madame. Cf. Tripmadam.] (Bot.) A name
   given  to  several  species  of  stonecrop,  used  as  ingredients  of
   vermifuge medicines. See Stonecrop.

                                  Prickpunch

   Prick"punch` (?), n. A pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal.

                                  Prickshaft

   Prick"shaft` (?), n. An arrow. [Obs.]

                                   Pricksong

   Prick"song`  (?;  115),  n.  [See  Prick, v. t., 4.] Music written, or
   noted,  with dots or points; -- so called from the points or dots with
   which it is noted down. [Obs.]

     He fights as you sing pricksong. Shak.

                                   Prickwood

   Prick"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub (Euonymus Europ\'91us); -- so named
   from  the  use  of  its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. Called
   also spindle tree.

                                    Pricky

   Prick"y (?), a. Stiff and sharp; prickly. Holland.

                                     Pride

   Pride (?), n. [Cf. AS. lamprede, LL. lampreda, E. lamprey.] (Zo\'94l.)
   A  small  European  lamprey  (Petromyzon  branchialis); -- called also
   prid, and sandpiper.

                                     Pride

   Pride,  n.  [AS.  pr&ymac;te;  akin  to  Icel.  pr&ymac;&edh;i  honor,
   ornament,  pr  to  adorn, Dan. pryde, Sw. pryda; cf. W. prydus comely.
   See Proud.]

   1.  The  quality  or  state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an
   unreasonable  conceit  of  one's  own  superiority in talents, beauty,
   wealth,  rank,  etc.,  which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance,
   reserve, and often in contempt of others.

     Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Dan. iv. 37.

     Pride that dines on vanity sups on contempt. Franklin.

   2.  A  sense  of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or
   unworthy  of  one; lofty self-respect; noble self-esteem; elevation of
   character; dignified bearing; proud delight; -- in a good sense.

     Thus to relieve the wretched was his pride. Goldsmith.

     A  people  which takes no pride in the noble achievements of remote
     ancestors  will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with
     pride by remote descendants. Macaulay.

   3.  Proud  or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance
   of   demeanor;  haughty  bearing  and  conduct;  insolent  exultation;
   disdain.

     Let not the foot of pride come against me. Ps. xxxvi. 11.

     That hardly we escaped the pride of France. Shak.

   4.  That  of  which  one  is  proud;  that  which  excites boasting or
   self-gratulation;  the  occasion  or  ground  of  self-esteem,  or  of
   arrogant  and  presumptuous  confidence,  as  beauty,  ornament, noble
   character, children, etc.

     Lofty trees yclad with summer's pride. Spenser.

     I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. Zech. ix. 6.

     A bold peasantry, their country's pride. Goldsmith.

   5. Show; ostentation; glory.

     Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war. Shak.

   6.  Highest  pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; as, to
   be in the pride of one's life.

     A falcon, towering in her pride of place. Shak.

   7.  Consciousness  of  power;  fullness  of  animal  spirits;  mettle;
   wantonness;  hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual
   appetite in a female beast. [Obs.]
   Pride of India, OR Pride of China. (Bot.) See Margosa. -- Pride of the
   desert  (Zo\'94l.),  the  camel.  Syn.  --  Self-exaltation;  conceit;
   hauteur;  haughtiness;  lordliness; loftiness. -- Pride, Vanity. Pride
   is  a  high  or  an  excessive  esteem  of one's self for some real or
   imagined superiority, as rank, wealth, talents, character, etc. Vanity
   is  the  love  of  being  admired,  praised, exalted, etc., by others.
   Vanity  is  an  ostentation  of  pride;  but  one may have great pride
   without displaying it. Vanity, which is etymologically "emptiness," is
   applied  especially to the exhibition of pride in superficialities, as
   beauty, dress, wealth, etc.

                                     Pride

   Pride,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Prided; p. pr. & vb. n. Priding.] To
   indulge  in  pride,  or self-esteem; to rate highly; to plume; -- used
   reflexively. Bp. Hall.

     Pluming and priding himself in all his services. South.

                                     Pride

   Pride, v. i. To be proud; to glory. [R.]

                                   Prideful

   Pride"ful  (?),  a. Full of pride; haughty. Tennyson. -- Pride"ful*ly,
   adv. -- Pride"ful-ness, n.

                                   Prideless

   Pride"less, a. Without pride. Chaucer.

                                    Pridian

   Prid"i*an  (?), a. [L. pridianus.] Of or pertaining to the day before,
   or yesterday. [R.] Thackeray.

                                   Pridingly

   Prid"ing*ly (?), adv. Proudly. [Obs.]

                                     Prie

   Prie (?), n. (Bot.) The plant privet. [Obs.] Tusser.

                                     Prie

   Prie, v. i. To pry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pried

   Pried (?), imp. & p. p. of Pry.

                                   Priedieu

   Prie`dieu"  (?),  n.  [F.,  literally,  pray God.] A kneeling desk for
   prayers.

                                     Prief

   Prief (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Spenser. Lydgate.

                                     Prier

   Pri"er  (?),  n.  [From Pry.] One who pries; one who inquires narrowly
   and searches, or is inquisitive.

     So pragmatical a prier he is into divine secrets. Fuller.

                                    Priest

   Priest  (?),  n.  [OE. prest, preost, AS. pre\'a2st, fr. L. presbyter,
   Gr. pristinus. Cf. Pristine, Presbyter.]
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   Page 1137

   1. (Christian Church) A presbyter elder; a minister; specifically: (a)
   (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) One who is authorized to consecrate the host and
   to  say  Mass; but especially, one of the lowest order possessing this
   power.  Murdock.  (b) (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) A presbyter; one
   who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. He is
   authorized  to  perform  all  ministerial  services  except  those  of
   ordination and confirmation.

   2.  One  who  officiates  at  the  altar,  or  performs  the  rites of
   sacrifice;  one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or
   the  gods  in any form of religion; as, Buddhist priests. "The priests
   of Dagon." 1 Sam. v. 5.

     Then  the  priest  of Jupiter . . . brought oxen and garlands . . .
     and would have done sacrifice with the people. Acts xiv. 13.

     Every  priest  taken  from  among men is ordained for men in things
     pertaining  to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for
     sins. Heb. v. 1.

     NOTE: &hand; In  th e Ne w Te stament pr esbyters ar e no t ca lled
     priests;  but  Christ  is  designated  as  a  priest, and as a high
     priest, and all Christians are designated priests.

                                    Priest

     Priest (?), v. t. To ordain as priest.

                                   Priestcap

     Priest"cap`  (?),  n.  (Fort.)  A  form of redan, so named from its
     shape; -- called also swallowtail.

                                  Priestcraft

     Priest"craft`  (?), n. Priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood;
     esp.,  in  an ill sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns;
     management  by priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the
     religious motives or credulity of others.

     It  is  better  that  men should be governed by priestcraft than by
     violence. Macaulay.

                                   Priestery

     Priest"er*y  (?),  n.  Priests, collectively; the priesthood; -- so
     called in contempt. [R.] Milton.

                                   Priestess

     Priest"ess, n. A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans.
     Abp. Potter.

                                  Priesthood

     Priest"hood (?), n.

     1.  The office or character of a priest; the priestly function. Bk.
     of Com. Prayer.

     2.  Priests,  taken  collectively;  the  order of men set apart for
     sacred offices; the order of priests.

                                   Priesting

     Priest"ing, n. The office of a priest. [Obs.] Milton.

                                   Priestism

     Priest"ism  (?),  n. The influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of
     priests or the priesthood. [R.]

                                  Priestless

     Priest"less, a. Without a priest. Pope.

                                  Priestlike

     Priest"like` (?), a. Priestly. B. Jonson.

                                 Priestliness

     Priest"li*ness  (?),  n. The quality or state of being priestly. R.
     Browning.

                                   Priestly

     Priest"ly,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a priest or the priesthood;
     sacerdotal;  befitting  or  becoming  a  priest;  as,  the priestly
     office; a priestly farewell. Shak.

                                 Priest-ridden

     Priest"-rid`den  (?),  a. Controlled or oppressed by priests; as, a
     priest-ridden people. Swift.

                                    Prieve

     Prieve (?), v. t. To prove. [Obs. or Scot.]

                                     Prig

     Prig (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prigging
     (?).]  [A  modification  of  prick.] To haggle about the price of a
     commodity; to bargain hard. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

                                     Prig

     Prig, v. t.

     1. To cheapen. [Scot.]

     2.  [Perhaps orig., to ride off with. See Prick, v. t.] To filch or
     steal; as, to prig a handkerchief. [Cant]

                                     Prig

     Prig, n.

     1. A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.

     The queer prig of a doctor. Macaulay.

     2. A thief; a filcher. [Cant] Shak.

                                   Priggery

     Prig"ger*y (?), n. Priggism.

                                   Priggish

     Prig"gish   (?),   a.  Like  a  prig;  conceited;  pragmatical.  --
     Prig"gish*ly, adv. -- Prig"gish-ness, n.

                                   Priggism

     Prig"gism (?), n.

     1.  The  quality or state of being priggish; the manners of a prig.
     Ed. Rev.

     2. Roguery; thievery. [Obs.] Fielding.

                                    Prighte

     Prigh"te (?), obs. imp. of Prick. Chaucer.

                                     Prill

     Prill (?), n. [Cf. Brill.] (Zo\'94l.) The brill.

                                     Prill

     Prill, v. i. To flow. [Obs.] Stow.

                                     Prill

     Prill, n. A stream. [Obs.] Davies (Microcosmos).

                                     Prill

     Prill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]

     1.  (Mining)  (a)  A  nugget  of virgin metal. (b) Ore selected for
     excellence.

     2. The button of metal from an assay.

                                   Prillion

     Pril"lion (?), n. Tin extracted from the slag.

                                     Prim

     Prim (?), n. [See Privet.] (Bot) The privet.

                                     Prim

     Prim,  a.  [OF.  prim,  prin, prime, first, principal. sharp, thin,
     piercing,  fr.  L.  primus  first.  See Prime, a.] Formal; precise;
     affectedly neat or nice; as, prim regularity; a prim person. Swift.

                                     Prim

     Prim,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Primmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Primming.]
     To deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected preciseness; to
     prink.

                                     Prim

     Prim, v. i. To dress or act smartly. [R.]

                                    Primacy

     Pri"ma*cy  (?),  n. [LL. primatia, fr. L. primas, -atis, one of the
     first  or  principal, chief, fr. primus first: cf. F. primatie. See
     Prime, a.]

     1.  The  state  or  condition  of being prime or first, as in time,
     place, rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy. [R.] De Quincey.

     2.  The  office,  rank,  or  character  of  a  primate;  the  chief
     ecclesiastical  station or dignity in a national church; the office
     or dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of England.

                                  Prima donna

     Pri"ma  don"na  (?);  pl.  E. Prima donnas (#), It. Prime (#) Donne
     (#).  [It., fr. primo, prima, the first + donna lady, mistress. See
     Prime,  a.,  and  Donna.]  The  first  or chief female singer in an
     opera.

                                  Prima facie

     Pri"ma fa"ci*e (?). [L., from abl. of primus first + abl. of facies
     appearance.] At first view; on the first appearance.

   Prima  facie  evidence (of a fact) (Law), evidence which is sufficient
   to establish the fact unless rebutted. Bouvier.

                                    Primage

   Pri"mage  (?; 48), n. [F.] (Com.) A charge in addition to the freight;
   originally,  a  gratuity to the captain for his particular care of the
   goods (sometimes called hat money), but now belonging to the owners or
   freighters  of  the  vessel,  unless by special agreement the whole or
   part is assigned to the captain. Homans.

                                    Primal

   Pri"mal (?), a. [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime, a.]
   First; primary; original; chief.

     It hath the primal eldest curse upon it. Shak.

     The primal duties shine aloft like stars. Wordsworth.

                                   Primality

   Pri*mal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being primal. [Obs.]

                                   Primarily

   Pri"ma*ri*ly (?), adv. In a primary manner; in the first place; in the
   first place; in the first intention; originally.

                                  Primariness

   Pri"ma*ri*ness,  n. The quality or state of being primary, or first in
   time, in act, or in intention. Norris.

                                    Primary

   Pri"ma*ry  (?),  a.  [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F. primaire.
   See Prime, a., and cf. Premier, Primero.]

   1.  First  in order of time or development or in intention; primitive;
   fundamental; original.

     The church of Christ, in its primary institution. Bp. Pearson.

     These I call original, or primary, qualities of body. Locke.

   2.  First  in  order,  as  being  preparatory to something higher; as,
   primary assemblies; primary schools.

   3.  First  in  dignity  or  importance;  chief; principal; as, primary
   planets; a matter of primary importance.

   4. (Geol.) Earliest formed; fundamental.

   5. (Chem.) Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality
   or  property  in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of
   substitution or replacement.
   Primary  alcohol  (Organic Chem.), any alcohol which possess the group
   CH2.OH, and can be oxidized so as to form a corresponding aldehyde and
   acid  having  the  same  number of carbon atoms; -- distinguished from
   secondary  AND  tertiary  alcohols. -- Primary amine (Chem.), an amine
   containing  the  amido group, or a derivative of ammonia in which only
   one  atom  of  hydrogen  has  been  replaced  by  a  basic radical; --
   distinguished   from   secondary   AND  tertiary  amines.  --  Primary
   amputation  (Surg.), an amputation for injury performed as soon as the
   shock  due  to  the  injury  has  passed  away, and before symptoms of
   inflammation  supervene.  -- Primary axis (Bot.), the main stalk which
   bears  a whole cluster of flowers. -- Primary colors. See under Color.
   -- Primary meeting, a meeting of citizens at which the first steps are
   taken  towards  the  nomination  of  candidates,  etc.  See Caucus. --
   Primary  pinna  (Bot.),  one  of  those portions of a compound leaf or
   frond which branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem, whether
   simple or compounded. -- Primary planets. (Astron.) See the Note under
   Planet.  --  Primary  qualities  of  bodies, such are essential to and
   inseparable  from  them.  --  Primary  quills  (Zo\'94l.), the largest
   feathers of the wing of a bird; primaries. -- Primary rocks (Geol.), a
   term  early  used  for rocks supposed to have been first formed, being
   crystalline  and  containing  no  organic remains, as granite, gneiss,
   etc.;  --  called also primitive rocks. The terms Secondary, Tertiary,
   and  Quaternary rocks have also been used in like manner, but of these
   the  last  two  only  are  now in use. -- Primary salt (Chem.), a salt
   derived from a polybasic acid in which only one acid hydrogen atom has
   been  replaced by a base or basic radical. -- Primary syphilis (Med.),
   the   initial  stage  of  syphilis,  including  the  period  from  the
   development   of   the   original  lesion  or  chancre  to  the  first
   manifestation   of   symptoms  indicative  of  general  constitutional
   infection.  -- Primary union (Surg.), union without suppuration; union
   by the first intention.

                                    Primary

   Pri"ma*ry, n.; pl. Primaries (.

   1.  That  which  stands  first  in order, rank, or importance; a chief
   matter.

   2. A primary meeting; a caucus.

   3.  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the  large  feathers on the distal joint of a
   bird's wing. See Plumage, and Illust. of Bird.

   4.  (Astron.)  A  primary  planet;  the brighter component of a double
   star. See under Planet.

                                    Primate

   Pri"mate  (?),  n. [OE. primat, F. primat, L. primas, -atis one of the
   first, chief, fr. primus the first. See Prime, a.]

   1.  The chief ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over
   other bishops in a province; an archbishop.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Primates.

                                   Primates

   Pri*ma"tes  (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The highest order of mammals.
   It includes man, together with the apes and monkeys. Cf. Pitheci.

                                  Primateship

   Pri"mate*ship  (?),  n. The office, dignity, or position of a primate;
   primacy.

                                   Primatial

   Pri*ma"tial  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F. primatial.] Primatical. [R.] D'Anville
   (Trans. ).

                                  Primatical

   Pri*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a primate. Barrow.

                                     Prime

   Prime (?), a. [F., fr. L. primus first, a superl. corresponding to the
   compar.  prior  former. See Prior, a., Foremost, Former, and cf. Prim,
   a., Primary, Prince.]

   1.  First  in  order  of time; original; primeval; primitive; primary.
   "Prime forests." Tennyson.

     She was not the prime cause, but I myself. Milton.

     NOTE: &hand; In  th is se nse th e wo rd is  ne arly su perseded by
     primitive, except in the phrase prime cost.

   2. First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as, prime
   minister. "Prime virtues." Dryden.

   3.  First  in excellence; of highest quality; as, prime wheat; a prime
   quality of cloth.

   4. Early; blooming; being in the first stage. [Poetic]

     His starry helm, unbuckled, showed him prime In manhood where youth
     ended. Milton.

   5. Lecherous; lustful; lewd. [Obs.] Shak.

   6.  Marked  or  distinguished by a mark (\'b7) called a prime mark.<--
   same mark used for weak accent, and minutes of a degree -->
   Prime  and  ultimate ratio. (Math.). See Ultimate. -- Prime conductor.
   (Elec.)  See under Conductor. -- Prime factor (Arith.), a factor which
   is  a prime number. -- Prime figure (Geom.), a figure which can not be
   divided  into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle,
   a  pyramid,  etc. -- Prime meridian (Astron.), the meridian from which
   longitude  is reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington. --
   Prime  minister,  the  responsible  head  of  a  ministry or executive
   government;  applied  particularly to that of England. -- Prime mover.
   (Mech.)  (a)  A  natural  agency  applied  by man to the production of
   power. Especially: Muscular force; the weight and motion of fluids, as
   water  and  air; heat obtained by chemical combination, and applied to
   produce  changes  in  the  volume and pressure of steam, air, or other
   fluids;  and  electricity, obtained by chemical action, and applied to
   produce  alternation of magnetic force. (b) An engine, or machine, the
   object  of which is to receive and modify force and motion as supplied
   by  some  natural source, and apply them to drive other machines; as a
   water  wheel,  a  water-pressure  engine,  a  steam  engine, a hot-air
   engine, etc. (c) Fig.: The original or the most effective force in any
   undertaking  or  work;  as,  Clarkson  was  the prime mover in English
   antislavery  agitation.  --  Prime  number (Arith.), a number which is
   exactly divisible by no number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11. --
   Prime vertical (Astron.), the vertical circle which passes through the
   east and west points of the horizon. -- Prime-vertical dial, a dial in
   which  the  shadow is projected on the plane of the prime vertical. --
   Prime-vertical  transit instrument, a transit instrument the telescope
   of  which  revolves  in  the  plane of the prime vertical, -- used for
   observing the transit of stars over this circle.

                                     Prime

   Prime (?), n.

   1. The first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or opening, as of
   the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring. Chaucer.

     In the very prime of the world. Hooker.

     Hope waits upon the flowery prime. Waller.

   2. The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or beauty;
   perfection.  "Cut  off in their prime." Eustace. "The prime of youth."
   Dryden.

   3.  That  which  is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the
   best part.

     Give him always of the prime. Swift.

   4.  [F.  prime,  LL.  prima  (sc.  hora).  See Prime, a.] The morning;
   specifically  (R.  C.  Ch.),  the  first canonical hour, succeeding to
   lauds.

     Early and late it rung, at evening and at prime. Spenser.

     NOTE: &hand; Or iginally, pr ime de noted th e first quarter of the
     artificial  day,  reckoned  from  6 a. m. to 6 p. m. Afterwards, it
     denoted   the   end  of  the  first  quarter,  that  is,  9  a.  a.
     Specifically,  it denoted the first canonical hour, as now. Chaucer
     uses  it  in  all  these  senses,  and also in the sense of def. 1,
     above.

     They sleep till that it was pryme large. Chaucer.

   5. (Fencing) The first of the chief guards.

   6. (Chem.) Any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of
   any  particular  element;  --  so  called  because  these numbers were
   respectively  reduced  to  their  lowest  relative  terms on the fixed
   standard of hydrogen as 1. [Obs. or Archaic]

   7. (Arith.) A prime number. See under Prime, a.

   8. An inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system; --
   denoted by [\'b7]. See 2d Inch, n., 1.
   Prime of the moon, the new moon at its first appearance.

                                     Prime

   Prime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Priming.] [From
   Prime, a.]

   1. To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a primer to,
   as a metallic cartridge.

   2.  To  lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface),
   as in painting; as, to prime a canvas, a wall.

   3.  To  prepare;  to  make  ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to
   coach;  as,  to  prime  a  witness;  the boys are primed for mischief.
   [Colloq.] Thackeray.

   4. To trim or prune, as trees. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

   5. (Math.) To mark with a prime mark.
   To  prime  a  pump, to charge a pump with water, in order to put it in
   working condition.

                                     Prime

   Prime, v. i.

   1. To be renewed, or as at first. [Obs.]

     Night's  bashful empress, though she often wane, As oft repeats her
     darkness, primes again. Quarles

   .

   2. To serve as priming for the charge of a gun.

   3.  To  work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which
   causes  water  to  become  mixed  with, and be carried along with, the
   steam that is formed; -- said of a steam boiler.

                                    Primely

   Prime"ly, adv.

   1. At first; primarily. [Obs.] South.

   2. In a prime manner; excellently.

                                   Primeness

   Prime"ness, n.

   1. The quality or state of being first.

   2. The quality or state of being prime, or excellent.

                                    Primer

   Prim"er  (?),  n.  One  who,  or  that which, primes; specifically, an
   instrument  or  device  for  priming;  esp.,  a  cap,  tube,  or water
   containing percussion powder or other capable for igniting a charge of
   gunpowder.

                                    Primer

   Prim"er,  a.  [OF. primer, primier, premier, F. premier. See Premier.]
   First;  original; primary. [Obs.] "The primer English kings." Drayton.
   Primer  fine  (O.  Eng.  Law),  a  fine due to the king on the writ or
   commencement  of  a suit by fine. Blackstone. -- Primer seizin (Feudal
   Law),  the right of the king, when a tenant in capite died seized of a
   knight's  fee,  to  receive  of  the  heir, if of full age, one year's
   profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the
   land  was  in  reversion  expectant  on  an  estate  for  life; -- now
   abolished. Blackstone.
   
                                    Primer
                                       
   Prim"er  (?),  n.  [Originally,  the  book  read  at  prime, the first
   canonical hour. LL. primae liber. See Prime, n., 4.]
   
   1.  Originally, a small prayer book for church service, containing the
   little office of the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary religious
   instruction.
   
     The primer, or office of the Blessed Virgin. Bp. Stillingfleet.
     
   2. A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or
   spelling book for a beginner.

     As he sat in the school at his prymer. Chaucer.

   3.  (Print.)  A  kind  of  type,  of which there are two species; one,
   called  long  primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small
   pica  [see  Long  primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than
   pica.

     NOTE: Great primer type.

                                    Primero

   Pri*me"ro  (?), n. [Sp. primera, fr. primero first, from L. primarius.
   See Premier.] A game at cards, now unknown. Shak.

                                   Primerole

   Prim"er*ole (?), n. (Bot.) See Primrose. [Obs.] "She was a primerole."
   Chaucer.

                                   Primeval

   Pri*me"val (?), a. [L. primaevus; primus first + aevum age. See Prime,
   a.,  and  Age.]  Belonging  to  the  first  ages;  pristine; original;
   primitive;  primary;  as,  the primeval innocence of man. "This is the
   forest primeval." Longfellow.

     From chaos, and primeval darkness, came Light. Keats.

                                  Primevally

   Pri*me"val*ly,  adv.  In  a  primeval  manner; in or from the earliest
   times; originally. Darwin.

                                   Primevous

   Pri*me"vous, a. Primeval. [Obs.]
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   Page 1138

                                  Primigenial

   Pri`mi*ge"ni*al  (?),  a.  First  born,  or  first  of  all; original;
   primary. See Primogenial.

                           Primigenious, Primigenous

   Pri`mi*ge"ni*ous   (?),   Pri*mig"e*nous   (?),   a.  [L.  primigenus,
   primigenius.  See Primogeniture.] First formed or generated; original;
   primigenial. Bp. Hall.

                                    Primine

   Pri"mine  (?),  n.  [L.  primus  first:  cf.  F.  primine.] (Bot.) The
   outermost of the two integuments of an ovule.

     NOTE: &hand; Th is word has been used by some writers to denote the
     inner  integument,  which  is  formed  earlier  than the outer. Cf.
     Secundine.

                                    Priming

   Prim"ing (?), n.

   1.  The  powder  or  other  combustible  used to communicate fire to a
   charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.

   2.  (Paint.)  The  first  coating of color, size, or the like, laid on
   canvas, or on a building, or other surface.

   3.  (Steam  Eng.) The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the
   boiler, as into the cylinder.
   Priming  of  the  tide.  See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag. -- Priming
   tube,  a  small pipe, filled with a combustible composition for firing
   cannon.  --  Priming valve (Steam Eng.), a spring safety valve applied
   to  the  cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into
   the  cylinder  by  priming.  --  Priming  wire, a pointed wire used to
   penetrate  the  vent  of  a  piece,  for piercing the cartridge before
   priming.

                                   Primipara

   Pri*mip"a*ra  (?),  n. [L., fr. primus first + parere to bring forth.]
   (Med.) A woman who bears a child for the first time.

                                  Primiparous

   Pri*mip"a*rous  (?),  a.  [See Primipara.] Belonging to a first birth;
   bearing young for the first time.

                                  Primipilar

   Pri*mip"i*lar  (?),  a. [L. primipilaris, fr. primipilus the centurion
   of  the  first cohort of a Roman legion, fr. primus pilus the division
   made  up  of  the  triarii in the Roman army.] Of or pertaining to the
   captain of the vanguard of a Roman army. Barrow.

                                   Primitia

   Pri*mi"ti*a  (?),  n.;  pl. Primiti\'91 (#) (Primitias (#), obs.). [L.
   primitiae,  pl., fr. primus first. Cf. Premices.] (Eng. Law) The first
   fruit; the first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment.

     The primitias of your parsonage. Spenser.

                                   Primitial

   Pri*mi"tial   (?),  a.  Being  of  the  first  production;  primitive;
   original. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

                                   Primitive

   Prim"i*tive  (?),  a.  [L.  primitivus,  fr.  primus the first: cf. F.
   primitif. See Prime, a.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to the beginning or origin, or to early times;
   original;  primordial;  primeval;  first; as, primitive innocence; the
   primitive church. "Our primitive great sire." Milton.

   2.  Of or pertaining to a former time; old-fashioned; characterized by
   simplicity; as, a primitive style of dress.

   3.  Original;  primary;  radical;  not  derived; as, primitive verb in
   grammar.
   Primitive  axes of co\'94rdinate (Geom.), that system of axes to which
   the  points  of  a  magnitude  are first referred, with reference to a
   second  set  or  system,  to  which  they  are  afterward referred. --
   Primitive chord (Mus.), that chord, the lowest note of which is of the
   same  literal  denomination as the fundamental base of the harmony; --
   opposed  to  derivative.  Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Primitive circle
   (Spherical   Projection),  the  circle  cut  from  the  sphere  to  be
   projected,  by  the  primitive  plane.  --  Primitive colors (Paint.),
   primary  colors.  See  under  Color. -- Primitive Fathers (Eccl.), the
   acknowledged  Christian  writers  who flourished before the Council of
   Nice, A. D. 325. Shipley. -- Primitive groove (Anat.), a depression or
   groove  in  the  epiblast of the primitive streak. It is not connected
   with  the medullary groove, which appears later and in front of it. --
   Primitive  plane  (Spherical  Projection),  the  plane  upon which the
   projections  are made, generally coinciding with some principal circle
   of  the  sphere,  as  the  equator  or  a meridian. -- Primitive rocks
   (Geol.),  primary  rocks.  See  under  Primary.  --  Primitive sheath.
   (Anat.)  See  Neurilemma.  --  Primitive  streak  OR trace (Anat.), an
   opaque  and  thickened  band  where the mesoblast first appears in the
   vertebrate  blastoderm.  Syn.  --  First; original; radical; pristine;
   ancient; primeval; antiquated; old-fashioned.

                                   Primitive

   Prim"i*tive,  n.  An original or primary word; a word not derived from
   another; -- opposed to derivative.

                                  Primitively

   Prim"i*tive*ly, adv.

   1. Originally; at first.

   2. Primarily; not derivatively.

   3.  According to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient
   style. South.

                                 Primitiveness

   Prim"i*tive*ness,   n.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  primitive;
   conformity to primitive style or practice.

                                    Primity

   Prim"i*ty  (?),  n.  Quality of being first; primitiveness. [Obs.] Bp.
   Pearson.

                                    Primly

   Prim"ly, adv. In a prim or precise manner.

                                   Primness

   Prim"ness,  n.  The quality or state of being prim; affected formality
   or niceness; preciseness; stiffness.

                                     Primo

   Pri"mo (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) First; chief.

                                  Primogenial

   Pri`mo*ge"ni*al  (?),  a.  [See  Primigenial.]  First  born,  made, or
   generated;   original;  primary;  elemental;  as,  primogenial  light.
   Glanvill.

                                 Primogenitive

   Pri`mo*gen"i*tive  (?),  a.  [See  Primogeniture.] Of or pertaining to
   primogeniture. [R.]

                                 Primogenitive

   Pri`mo*gen"i*tive, n. Primogeniture. [Obs.]

     The primogenitive and due of birth. Shak.

                                 Primogenitor

   Pri`mo*gen"i*tor  (?),  n.  [LL.,  fr.  L.  primus  first  + genitor a
   begetter.] The first ancestor; a forefather.

                                 Primogeniture

   Pri`mo*gen"i*ture  (?; 135), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitura a
   begetting,  birth,  generation,  fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F.
   primog\'82niture, L. primogenitus firstborn. See Prime, a., and Genus,
   Kin.]

   1.  The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by
   birth among children of the same family.

   2.  (Eng. Law) The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the
   eldest  son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the
   father  belongs  to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest
   son  of  the  sovereign is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. In
   exceptional  cases,  among  the female children, the crown descends by
   right  of  primogeniture  to  the  eldest daughter only and her issue.
   Blackstone.

                               Primogenitureship

   Pri`mo*gen"i*ture*ship   (?),  n.  The  state  or  privileges  of  the
   firstborn. Burke.

                                  Primordial

   Pri*mor"di*al  (?),  a.  [L.  primordialis,  from primordium the first
   beginning;  primus  first  +  ordiri  to begin a web, to begin: cf. F.
   primordial.]

   1.  First  in  order;  primary;  original;  of  earliest  origin;  as,
   primordial   condition.  "The  primordial  facts  of  our  intelligent
   nature." Sir W. Hamilton.

   2.  (Geol.)  Of  or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age,
   corresponding  to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology.
   It  is  called also Cambrian, and by many geologists is separated from
   the Silurian.

   3.  (Biol.)  Originally  or  earliest  formed  in  the  growth  of  an
   individual or organ; as, a primordial leaf; a primordial cell.
   Primordial  utricle  (Bot.),  the interior lining of a young vegetable
   cell.

                                  Primordial

   Pri*mor"di*al, n. A first principle or element.

                                 Primordialism

   Pri*mor"di*al*ism  (?),  n. Devotion to, or persistence in, conditions
   of the primordial state. H. Spencer.

                                 Primordially

   Pri*mor"di*al*ly,  adv.  At  the  beginning;  under the first order of
   things; originally.

                                  Primordian

   Pri*mor"di*an  (?),  n.  [L. primordius first of all, fr. primordium.]
   (Bot.)  A  name  given  to several kinds of plums; as, red primordian,
   amber primordian, etc.

                                  Primordiate

   Pri*mor"di*ate (?), a. Primordial. [R.] Boyle.

                                     Primp

   Primp (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. Prim, a.] To be formal or affected in dress
   or manners; -- often with up. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

                                   Primrose

   Prim"rose`  (?), n. [OE. primerole, F. primerole, a derivative fr. LL.
   primula,  from  L.  primus  first.  See Prime, a.] (Bot.) (a) An early
   flowering  plant  of the genus Primula (P. vulgaris) closely allied to
   the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the white-, the red-, the
   yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly called also primerole, primerolles. (b)
   Any  plant  of  the genus Primula. Evening primrose, an erect biennial
   herb (Enothera biennis), with yellow vespertine flowers, common in the
   United  States. The name is sometimes extended to other species of the
   same  genus.  --  Primrose  peerless,  the  two-flowered Narcissus (N.
   biflorus). [Obs.]

                                   Primrose

   Prim"rose`,  a.  Of  or  pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a
   primrose;  --  hence,  flowery; gay. "The primrose path of dalliance."
   Shak.

                                    Primula

   Prim"u*la  (?),  n.  [LL.  See  Primrose.]  (Bot.) The genus of plants
   including the primrose (Primula vera).

                                 Primulaceous

   Prim`u*la"ceous  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  an order of
   herbaceous  plants (Primulace\'91), of which the primrose is the type,
   and  the  pimpernel,  the  cyclamen,  and  the  water violet are other
   examples.

                                 Primum mobile

   Pri"mum  mob"i*le  (?).  [L., first cause of motion.] (Astron.) In the
   Ptolemaic  system,  the  outermost of the revolving concentric spheres
   constituting  the  universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry
   with  it  all  the  inclosed  spheres  with  their  planets in a daily
   revolution   from   east  to  west.  See  Crystalline  heavens,  under
   Crystalline.

     The motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be, as
     the motions of the planets, under primum mobile. Bacon.

                                    Primus

   Pri"mus  (?),  n. [L., the first.] One of the bishops of the Episcopal
   Church  of  Scotland, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and
   has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority. Internat. Cyc.

                                     Primy

   Prim"y  (?), a. [From Prime, a.] Being in its prime. [Obs.] "The youth
   of primy nature." Shak.

                                    Prince

   Prince (?), n. [F., from L. princeps, -cipis, the first, chief; primus
   first + capere to take. See Prime, a., and Capacious.]

   1.  The  one  of  highest  rank;  one  holding  the  highest place and
   authority;  a  sovereign;  a  monarch; -- originally applied to either
   sex, but now rarely applied to a female. Wyclif (Rev. i. 5).

     Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince. Milton.

     Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her sex. Camden.

   2.  The  son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as,
   princes of the blood. Shak.

   3.  A  title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different
   countries.  In  England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but
   is  given  to  members  of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is
   inferior  to  a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in
   Spain he is always one of the royal family.

   4.  The  chief  of  any  body  of  men;  one at the head of a class or
   profession;  one who is pre\'89minent; as, a merchant prince; a prince
   of players. "The prince of learning." Peacham.
   Prince-Albert  coat,  a  long  double-breasted  frock coat for men. --
   Prince  of  the  blood,  Prince consort, Prince of darkness. See under
   Blood,  Consort,  and  Darkness. -- Prince of Wales, the oldest son of
   the English sovereign. -- Prince's feather (Bot.), a name given to two
   annual  herbs  (Amarantus  caudatus  and  Polygonum  orientale),  with
   apetalous  reddish  flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes.
   --  Prince's  metal,  Prince Rupert's metal. See under Metal. Prince's
   pine. (Bot.) See Pipsissewa.

                                    Prince

   Prince, v. i. To play the prince. [R.] Shak.

                                   Princedom

   Prince"dom (?), n. The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a
   prince.

     Thrones, princedoms, powers, dominions, I reduce. Milton.

                                  Princehood

   Prince"hood (?), n. Princeliness. [Obs.] E. Hall.

                                   Princekin

   Prince"kin (?), n. A petty prince; a princeling.

     The princekins of private life. Thackeray.

                                  Princeless

   Prince"less, a. Without a prince. Fuller.

                                   Princelet

   Prince"let (?), n. A petty prince. [R.]

                                  Princelike

   Prince"like` (?), a. Princely. Shak.

                                 Princeliness

   Prince"li*ness  (?),  n.  The  quality  of  being princely; the state,
   manner, or dignity of a prince.

                                  Princeling

   Prince"ling (?), n. A petty prince; a young prince.

                                   Princely

   Prince"ly, a.

   1.  Of  or  relating  to  a  prince;  regal; royal; of highest rank or
   authority; as, princely birth, character, fortune, etc.

   2.  Suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent;
   magnificent;  as, princely virtues; a princely fortune. "Most princely
   gifts." Shak.

                                   Princely

   Prince"ly (?), adv. In a princely manner.

     My appetite was not princely got. Shak.

                                   Princess

   Prin"cess (?), n. [F. princesse. See Prince, and cf. Princesse.]

   1.  A  female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a
   prince. Dryden.

     So excellent a princess as the present queen. Swift.

   2.  The  daughter  of  a sovereign; a female member of a royal family.
   Shak.

   3. The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales.
   Princess royal, the eldest daughter of a sovereign.

                                   Princesse

   Prin*cesse" (?), a. [F., a princess.] A term applied to a lady's long,
   close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one.

                                 Princesslike

   Prin"cess*like` (?), a. Like a princess.

                                  Princewood

   Prince"wood`  (?),  n.  (Bot.) The wood of two small tropical American
   trees   (Hamelia   ventricosa,  and  Cordia  gerascanthoides).  It  is
   brownish, veined with lighter color.

                                  Princified

   Prin"ci*fied  (?), a. [Prince + L. -ficare (in comp.).] Imitative of a
   prince. [R. & Colloq.] Thackeray.

                                   Principal

   Prin"ci*pal (?), a. [F., from L. principalis. See Prince.]

   1.  Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most
   considerable  or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of
   a  Government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions
   of a country; the principal arguments in a case.

     Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov. iv. 7.

   2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  prince;  princely.  [A Latinism] [Obs.]
   Spenser.
   Principal  axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis. -- Principal axes of
   a  quadric  (Geom.),  three lines in which the principal planes of the
   solid  intersect  two  and  two,  as  in  an  ellipsoid.  -- Principal
   challenge. (Law) See under Challenge. -- Principal plane. See Plane of
   projection  (a), under Plane. -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three
   planes  each of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects
   all  chords  of  the  quadric  perpendicular  to  the  plane, as in an
   ellipsoid. -- Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of
   sight  upon  the  plane  of projection. -- Principal ray (Persp.), the
   line drawn through the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective
   plane. -- Principal section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the
   optical axis of a crystal.

                                   Principal

   Prin"ci*pal, n.

   1.  A  leader,  chief,  or  head; one who takes the lead; one who acts
   independently,  or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the
   principal  of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; -- distinguished from
   a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant.

   2.  Hence:  (Law) (a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is
   present  at  it,  --  as  distinguished from an accessory. (b) A chief
   obligor,  promisor,  or debtor, -- as distinguished from a surety. (c)
   One  who  employs  another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an
   agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill.

   3.  A  thing  of  chief  or prime importance; something fundamental or
   especially  conspicuous.  Specifically:  (a)  (Com.)  A capital sum of
   money,  placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so
   called  in  distinction  from interest or profit. (b) (Arch. & Engin.)
   The  construction  which  gives  shape  and  strength  to  a  roof, --
   generally  a  truss  of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone
   principals.  Also,  loosely,  the  most important member of a piece of
   framing. (c) (Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an
   octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on
   the  pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English
   open  diapason.  (d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e)
   pl.  The  first  two  long  feathers  of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H.
   Walsh.  (f)  One  of  turrets  or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with
   which  the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned.
   Oxf.  Gloss.  (g) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle.
   [Obs.]

                                 Principality

   Prin`ci*pal"i*ty  (?),  n.;  pl. Principalities (#). [L. principalitas
   pre\'89minence,  excellence:  cf.  F. principalit\'82, principaut\'82.
   See Principal.]

   1. Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance; high,
   or the highest, station. Sir P. Sidney.

     Your  principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory.
     Jer. xiii. 18.

     The  prerogative  and  principality  above  everything  else.  Jer.
     Taylor.

   2.  A prince; one invested with sovereignty. "Next upstood Nisroch, of
   principalities the prime." Milton.

   3.  The  territory  or  jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which
   gives title to a prince; as, the principality of Wales.

                                  Principally

   Prin"ci*pal*ly  (?), adv. In a principal manner; primarily; above all;
   chiefly; mainly.

                                 Principalness

   Prin"ci*pal*ness, n. The quality of being principal.

                                  Principate

   Prin"ci*pate (?), n. [L. principatus: cf. F. principat.] Principality;
   supreme rule. [Obs.] Barrow.

                                   Principia

   Prin*cip"i*a  (?),  n.  pl.  [L.  principium.  See  Principle.]  First
   principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as. Newton's Principia.

                                  Principial

   Prin*cip"i*al (?), a. Elementary. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                  Principiant

   Prin*cip"i*ant  (?),  a.  [L.  principians,  p.  pr. of principiare to
   begin,  fr.  principium.  See  Principle.]  Relating  to principles or
   beginnings. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

                                  Principiate

   Prin*cip"i*ate  (?),  v.  t. [See Principiant.] To begin; to initiate.
   [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

                                 Principiation

   Prin*cip`i*a"tion  (?),  n.  Analysis into primary or elemental parts.
   [Archaic] Bacon.

                                   Principle

   Prin"ci*ple (?), n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation,
   fr. princeps, -cipis. See Prince.]

   1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.]

     Doubting sad end of principle unsound. Spenser.

   2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental
   substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause.
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   Page 1139

     The soul of man is an active principle. Tillotson.

   3. An original faculty or endowment.

     Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. Chaucer.

     Those  active  principles  whose  direct and ultimate object is the
     communication either of enjoyment or suffering. Stewart.

   4.  A  fundamental  truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which
   others  are  derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth;
   an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.

     Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us
     go on unto perfection. Heb. vi. 1.

     A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a
     bad. Milton.

   5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or
   belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior;
   a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's
   actions; as, a person of no principle.

     All  kinds  of  dishonesty  destroy  our  pretenses  to  an  honest
     principle of mind. Law.

   6.  (Chem.)  Any  original  inherent constituent which characterizes a
   substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually
   be  separated  by  analysis;  --  applied  especially  to drugs, plant
   extracts, etc.

     Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. Gregory.

   Bitter  principle,  Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter,
   Contradiction, etc.

                                   Principle

   Prin"ci*ple  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Principling  (?).]  To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in
   certain  principles;  to  impress  with any tenet, or rule of conduct,
   good or ill.

     Governors should be well principled. L'Estrange.

     Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired.
     Locke.

                               Princock, Princox

   Prin"cock  (?), Prin"cox (?), n. [Prim + cock.] A coxcomb; a pert boy.
   [Obs.]

                                     Prink

   Prink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prinking.]
   [Probably  a  nasalized form of prick. See Prick, v. t., and cf. Prig,
   Prank.] To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.

                                     Prink

   Prink,  v.  t. To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically. "And prink
   their hair with daisies." Cowper.

                                    Prinker

   Prink"er (?), n. One who prinks.

                                  Prinpriddle

   Prin"prid`dle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The longtailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

                                     Print

   Print  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Printed; p. pr. & vb. n. Printing.]
   [Abbrev. fr. imprint. See Imprint, and Press to squeeze.]

   1. To fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or
   upon something.

     A look will print a thought that never may remove. Surrey.

     Upon  his  breastplate he beholds a dint, Which in that field young
     Edward's sword did print. Sir John Beaumont.

     Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay. Roscommon.

   2.  To  stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon
   by pressure, or as by pressure.

     Forth  on his fiery steed betimes he rode, That scarcely prints the
     turf on which he trod. Dryden.

   3.  Specifically:  To strike off an impression or impressions of, from
   type,  or  from  stereotype,  electrotype,  or engraved plates, or the
   like;  in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a
   book  or other publication); as, to print books, newspapers, pictures;
   to print an edition of a book.

   4.  To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to print
   calico.

   5.  (Photog.)  To  take  (a  copy,  a  positive picture, etc.), from a
   negative,  a  transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light
   upon a sensitized surface.
   Printed  goods, textile fabrics printed in patterns, especially cotton
   cloths, or calicoes.

                                     Print

   Print, v. i.

   1.  To  use  or practice the art of typography; to take impressions of
   letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or the like.

   2. To publish a book or an article.

     From  the  moment  he prints, he must except to hear no more truth.
     Pope.

                                     Print

   Print, n. [See Print, v., Imprint, n.]

   1.   A  mark  made  by  impression;  a  line,  character,  figure,  or
   indentation,  made  by  the  pressure of one thing on another; as, the
   print  of  teeth  or  nails in flesh; the print of the foot in sand or
   snow.

     Where print of human feet was never seen. Dryden.

   2.  A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon
   an object; as, a butter print.

   3.  That  which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a
   print of butter.

   4.  Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence,
   form, size, etc.; as, small print; large print; this line is in print.

   5. That which is produced by printing. Specifically: (a) An impression
   taken  from  anything, as from an engraved plate. "The prints which we
   see   of   antiquities."  Dryden.  (b)  A  printed  publication,  more
   especially  a  newspaper  or  other periodical. Addison. (c) A printed
   cloth;  a  fabric  figured  by  stamping,  especially calico or cotton
   cloth.  (d)  A  photographic  copy,  or  positive picture, on prepared
   paper, as from a negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.

   6. (Founding) A core print. See under Core.
   Blue  print,  a  copy  in  white lines on a blue ground, of a drawing,
   plan,  tracing,  etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a
   negative,  produced  by  photographic  printing on peculiarly prepared
   paper.<--  also blueprint. Long used for reproduction of architectural
   drawings,  now also applied to an architectural plan of any color, and
   thus  (Fig.) a plan, or outline of a plan of action; as, blueprint for
   action  --> -- In print. (a) In a printed form; issued from the press;
   published.  Shak.  (b)  To  the letter; with accurateness. "All this I
   speak in print." Shak. -- Out of print. See under Out. -- Print works,
   a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed.

                                  Printa-ble

   Print"a-ble (?), a. Worthy to be published. [R.]

                                    Printer

   Print"er  (?),  n.  One  who prints; especially, one who prints books,
   newspapers,  engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman.
   Printer's  devil,  Printer's  gauge.  See  under  Devil, and Gauge. --
   Printer's ink. See Printing ink, below.

                                   Printery

   Print"er*y  (?), n. A place where cloth is printed; print works; also,
   a printing office. [R.]

                                   Printing

   Print"ing,  n.  The  act,  art,  or  practice  of  impressing letters,
   characters,  or  figures  on  paper,  cloth,  or  other  material; the
   business of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their
   adjuncts;  typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints.
   Block  printing.  See  under  Block.  --  Printing  frame (Photog.), a
   shallow box, usually having a glass front, in which prints are made by
   exposure  to  light. -- Printing house, a printing office. -- Printing
   ink,  ink  used  in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is composed of
   lampblack  or  ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil, made thick
   by  boiling  and burning. Other ingredients are employed for the finer
   qualities. Ure. -- Printing office, a place where books, pamphlets, or
   newspapers,  etc.,  are  printed. -- Printing paper, paper used in the
   printing   of   books,   pamphlets,   newspapers,  and  the  like,  as
   distinguished  from  writing  paper,  wrapping paper, etc. -- Printing
   press,  a  press  for  printing,  books, newspaper, handbills, etc. --
   Printing wheel, a wheel with letters or figures on its periphery, used
   in  machines  for paging or numbering, or in ticket-printing machines,
   typewriters, etc.; a type wheel.

                                   Printless

   Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.

                                   Printless

   Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.

                                   Printshop

   Print"shop`, n. A shop where prints are sold.

                                     Prior

   Pri"or  (?),  a. [L. prior former, previous, better, superior; compar.
   corresponding to primus first, and pro for. See Former, and cf. Prime,
   a.,  and  Pre-,  Pro-.]  Preceding  in  the  order  of  time;  former;
   antecedent;   anterior;   previous;   as,  a  prior  discovery;  prior
   obligation; -- used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived
   alone [in the time] prior to his marriage.

                                     Prior

   Pri"or,  n.  [OE. priour, OF. priour, prior, priur, F. prieur, from L.
   prior  former,  superior.  See  Prior,  a.]  (Eccl.) The superior of a
   priory,   and   next  below  an  abbot  in  dignity.  Conventical,  OR
   Conventual,  prior,  a  prior who is at the head of his own house. See
   the Note under Priory. -- Claustral prior, an official next in rank to
   the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters.

                                   Priorate

   Pri"or*ate  (?),  n.  [LL.  prioratus:  cf.  F. priorat.] The dignity,
   office, or government, of a prior. T. Warton.

                                   Prioress

   Pri"or*ess,  n.  [OF. prioresse.] A lady superior of a priory of nuns,
   and next in dignity to an abbess.

                                   Priority

   Pri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. priorit\'82. See Prior, a.]

   1.  The  quality  or state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of
   preceding something else; as, priority of application.

   2. Precedence; superior rank. Shak.
   Priority  of debts, a superior claim to payment, or a claim to payment
   before others. Syn. -- Antecedence; precedence; pre\'89minence.

                                    Priorly

   Pri"or*ly (?), adv. Previously. [R.] Geddes.

                                   Priorship

   Pri"or*ship, n. The state or office of prior; priorate.

                                    Priory

   Pri"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Priories (#). [Cf. LL. prioria. See Prior, n.] A
   religious  house presided over by a prior or prioress; -- sometimes an
   offshoot  of,  an  subordinate to, an abbey, and called also cell, and
   obedience. See Cell, 2.

     NOTE: &hand; Of  su ch ho uses th ere were two sorts: one where the
     prior  was  chosen by the inmates, and governed as independently as
     an abbot in an abbey; the other where the priory was subordinate to
     an  abbey, and the prior was placed or displaced at the will of the
     abbot.

   Alien  priory,  a small religious house dependent on a large monastery
   in some other country. Syn. -- See Cloister.

                                     Pris

   Pris (?), n. See Price, and 1st Prize. [Obs.]

                                    Prisage

   Pris"age (?; 48), n. [OF. prisage a praising, valuing, taxing; cf. LL.
   prisagium  prisage;  or  from  F.  prise a taking, capture, prize. See
   Prize.]  (O.  Eng. Law) (a) A right belonging to the crown of England,
   of  taking  two  tuns of wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or
   more,  --  one before and one behind the mast. By charter of Edward I.
   butlerage  was  substituted  for  this.  Blackstone.  (b) The share of
   merchandise  taken as lawful prize at sea which belongs to the king or
   admiral.

                                Priscillianist

   Pris*cil"lian*ist  (?),  n.  (Eccl.  Hist.) A follower of Priscillian,
   bishop  of  Avila  in  Spain, in the fourth century, who mixed various
   elements of Gnosticism and Manicheism with Christianity.

                                     Prise

   Prise (?), n. An enterprise. [Obs.] Spenser.

                                     Prise

   Prise, n. & v. See Prize, n., 5. Also Prize, v. t.

                                    Priser

   Pris"er (?), n. See 1st Prizer. [Obs.]

                                     Prism

   Prism (?), n. [L. prisma, Gr. prisme.]

   1.  (Geom.)  A  solid  whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and
   parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr isms of  di fferent fo rms are often named from the
     figure  of  their  bases;  as,  a  triangular prism, a quadrangular
     prism, a rhombic prism, etc.

   2.  (Opt.)  A  transparent  body, with usually three rectangular plane
   faces  or  sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases;
   -- used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc.

   3.  (Crystallog.)  A  form  the  planes  of  which are parallel to the
   vertical axis. See Form, n., 13.
   Achromatic  prism  (Opt.),  a  prism composed usually of two prisms of
   different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers,
   as  two  different  kinds  of  glass, especially flint glass and crown
   glass,  the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving
   them  different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as
   to  have  opposite  relative  positions, a ray of light passed through
   them is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color.
   --  Nicol's  prism,  Nicol  prism.  [So  called  from  Wm.  Nicol,  of
   Edinburgh,   who   first   proposed  it.]  (Opt.)  An  instrument  for
   experiments  in  polarization,  consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar,
   which  has  been  bisected  obliquely  at a certain angle, and the two
   parts again joined with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image
   produced  by  double  refraction  is  thrown out of the field by total
   reflection  from the internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary,
   or polarized, image alone is transmitted.

                            Prismatic, Prismatical

   Pris*mat"ic (?), Pris*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prismatique.]

   1.  Resembling,  or  pertaining  to,  a prism; as, a prismatic form or
   cleavage.

   2.  Separated  or  distributed  by  a  prism;  formed  by a prism; as,
   prismatic colors.

   3. (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic.
   Prismatic  borax  (Chem.),  borax  crystallized in the form of oblique
   prisms,  with ten molecules of water; -- distinguished from octahedral
   borax.  --  Prismatic colors (Opt.), the seven colors into which light
   is  resolved  when passed through a prism; primary colors. See Primary
   colors,  under Color. -- Prismatic compass (Surv.), a compass having a
   prism  for  viewing  a distant object and the compass card at the same
   time.  --  Prismatic  spectrum  (Opt.),  the  spectrum produced by the
   passage of light through a prism.

                                 Prismatically

   Pris*mat"ic*al*ly,  adv. In the form on manner of a prism; by means of
   a prism.

                                 Prismatoidal

   Pris`ma*toid"al  (?),  a.  [Gr.  -oid:  F.  prismato\'8bde.]  Having a
   prismlike form. Ure.

                                   Prismoid

   Pris"moid  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. prismto\'8bde.] A body that approaches to
   the form of a prism.

                                  Prismoidal

   Pris*moid"al  (?),  a.  Having  the form of a prismoid; as, prismoidal
   solids.

                                    Prismy

   Pris"my (?), a. Pertaining to a prism. [R.]

                                    Prison

   Pris"on  (?;  277),  n.  [F.,  fr.  L.  prehensio, prensio, a seizing,
   arresting,  fr.  prehendre,  prendere,  to  lay hold of, to seize. See
   Prehensile, and cf. Prize, n., Misprision.]

   1.  A  place  where  persons  are  confined, or restrained of personal
   liberty; hence, a place or state o

     Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name. Ps. cxlii.
     7.

     The  tyrant  \'92olus,  .  .  .  With  power  imperial,  curbs  the
     struggling  winds,  And  sounding  tempests  in dark prisons binds.
     Dryden.

   2.  Specifically,  a  building  for the safe custody or confinement of
   criminals and others committed by lawful authority.
   Prison bars, OR Prison base. See Base, n., 24. -- Prison breach. (Law)
   See  Note  under 3d Escape, n., 4. -- Prison house, a prison. Shak. --
   Prison  ship  (Naut.),  a  ship  fitted  up  for  the  confinement  of
   prisoners.  --  Prison van, a carriage in which prisoners are conveyed
   to and from prison.

                                    Prison

   Pris"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prisoning.]

   1.  To  imprison;  to  shut  up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to
   restrain from liberty.

     The prisoned eagle dies for rage. Sir W. Scott.

     His true respect will prison false desire. Shak.

   2. To bind (together); to enchain. [Obs.]

     Sir William Crispyn with the duke was led Together prisoned. Robert
     of Brunne.

                                   Prisoner

   Pris"on*er (?), n. [F. prisonnier.]

   1. One who is confined in a prison. Piers Plowman.

   2.  A  person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a
   person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; as, a prisoner at the
   bar of a court. Bouvier.

     Prisoner of Hope thou art, -- look up and sing. Keble.

   Prisoner's base. See Base, n., 24.

                                  Prisonment

   Pris"on*ment (?), n. Imprisonment. [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Pristinate

   Pris"tin*ate   (?),   a.   Pristine;   primitive.  [Obs.]  "Pristinate
   idolatry." Holinshed.

                                   Pristine

   Pris"tine  (?),  a.  [L. pristinus, akin to prior: cf. F. pristin. See
   Prior,  a.]  Belonging  to  the  earliest  period  or state; original;
   primitive; primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine
   manners of a people; pristine vigor.

                                    Pritch

   Pritch (?), n. [See Prick.]

   1. A sharp-pointed instrument; also, an eelspear. [Prov. Eng.]

   2. Pique; offense. [Obs.] D. Rogers.

                                   Pritchel

   Pritch"el  (?),  n.  A  tool  employed  by blacksmiths for punching or
   enlarging the nail holes in a horseshoe.

                                    Prithee

   Prith"ee  (?),  interj.  A  corruption  of  pray  thee; as, I prithee;
   generally used without I.<-- = pray (interj.). See I pray, under pray,
   v.i. --> Shak.

     What was that scream for, I prithee? L'Estrange.

     Prithee, tell me, Dimple-chin. E. C. Stedman.

                                Prittle-prattle

   Prit"tle-prat`tle   (?),   n.  [See  Prattle.]  Empty  talk;  trifling
   loquacity;  prattle;  --  used in contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.] Abp.
   Bramhall.

                                    Privacy

   Pri"va*cy (?), n.; pl. Privacies (#). [See Private.]

   1. The state of being in retirement from the company or observation of
   others; seclusion.

   2.  A  place  of  seclusion  from  company  or  observation;  retreat;
   solitude; retirement.

     Her sacred privacies all open lie. Rowe.

   3. Concealment of what is said or done. Shak.

   4. A private matter; a secret. Fuller.

   5. See Privity, 2. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

                                    Privado

   Pri*va"do  (?),  n.  [Sp.,  fr.  L.  privatus. See Private.] A private
   friend; a confidential friend; a confidant. [Obs.] Fuller.

                                    Private

   Pri"vate (?; 48), a. [L. privatus apart from the state, peculiar to an
   individual,  private,  properly  p. p. of privare to bereave, deprive,
   originally,   to   separate,   fr.  privus  single,  private,  perhaps
   originally,  put  forward  (hence,  alone,  single)  and  akin to prae
   before. See Prior, a., and cf. Deprive, Privy, a.]

   1.  Belonging  to,  or  concerning,  an individual person, company, or
   interest;  peculiar  to one's self; unconnected with others; personal;
   one's  own;  not  public;  not  general; separate; as, a man's private
   opinion;  private  property;  a  private  purse;  private  expenses or
   interests; a private secretary.

   2.  Sequestered  from  company  or  observation;  appropriated  to  an
   individual;  secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a private room or
   apartment; private prayer.

     Reason  . . . then retires Into her private cell when nature rests.
     Milton.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1140

   3.  Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as,
   a private citizen; private life. Shak.

     A private person may arrest a felon. Blackstone.

   4.  Not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a private negotiation; a
   private understanding.

   5. Having secret or private knowledge; privy. [Obs.]
   Private  act  OR  statute, a statute exclusively for the settlement of
   private  and  personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial
   notice;  --  opposed  to  a  general  law, which operates on the whole
   community<-- also, private law vs. public law -->. -- Private nuisance
   OR  wrong.  See  Nuisance.  -- Private soldier. See Private, n., 5. --
   Private  way, a right of private passage over another man's ground.<--
   also, a road on private land, contrasted with public road. --> Kent.

                                    Private

   Pri"vate (?), n.

   1. A secret message; a personal unofficial communication. [Obs.] Shak.

   2. Personal interest; particular business.[Obs.]

     Nor must I be unmindful of my private. B. Jonson.

   3. Privacy; retirement. [Archaic] "Go off; I discard you; let me enjoy
   my private." Shak.

   4. One not invested with a public office. [Archaic]

     What have kings, that privates have not too? Shak.

   5.   (Mil.)  A  common  soldier;  a  soldier  below  the  grade  of  a
   noncommissioned officer. Macaulay.

   6. pl. The private parts; the genitals.
   In private, secretly; not openly or publicly.

                                   Privateer

   Pri`va*teer" (?) n. [From Private.]

   1. An armed private vessel which bears the commission of the sovereign
   power  to  cruise  against  the  enemy.  See  Letters of marque, under
   Marque.

   2. The commander of a privateer.

     Kidd  soon  threw  off  the  character  of a privateer and became a
     pirate. Macaulay.

                                   Privateer

   Pri`va*teer",  v.  i.  [imp.  & p. p. Privateered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Privateering.] To cruise in a privateer.

                                 Privateering

   Pri`va*teer"ing, n. Cruising in a privateer.

                                 Privateersman

   Pri`va*teers"man (?), n.; pl. Privateersmen (. An officer or seaman of
   a privateer.

                                   Privately

   Pri"vate*ly (?), adv.

   1. In a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others.

   2. In a manner affecting an individual; personally not officially; as,
   he is not privately benefited.

                                  Privateness

   Pri"vate*ness, n.

   1.  Seclusion  from  company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy.
   Bacon.

   2. The state of one not invested with public office.

                                   Privation

   Pri*va"tion (?) n. [L. privatio: cf. F. privation. See Private.]

   1.  The act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving of rank
   or office; degradation in rank; deprivation. Bacon.

   2.  The  state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially
   of  something  required  or desired; destitution; need; as, to undergo
   severe privations.

   3. The condition of being absent; absence; negation.

     Evil  will  be  known by consequence, as being only a privation, or
     absence, of good. South.

     Privation mere of light and absent day. Milton.

                                   Privative

   Priv"a*tive (?) a. [L. privativus: cf. F. privatif. See Private.]

   1. Causing privation; depriving.

   2. Consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative.

     Privative blessings, blessings of immunity, safeguard, liberty, and
     integrity. Jer. Taylor.

   3.  (Gram.) Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to
   a  word;  as, alpha privative; privative particles; -- applied to such
   prefixes and suffixes as a- (Gr. un-
   , non-, -less.

                                   Privative

   Priv"a*tive, n.

   1. That of which the essence is the absence of something.

     Blackness and darkness are indeed but privatives. Bacon.

   2. (Logic) A term indicating the absence of any quality which might be
   naturally or rationally expected; -- called also privative term.

   3. (Gram.) A privative prefix or suffix. See Privative, a., 3.

                                  Privatively

   Priv"a*tive*ly,  adv.  In  a  privative  manner;  by  the  absence  of
   something; negatively. [R.] Hammond.

                                 Privativeness

   Priv"a*tive*ness, n. The state of being privative.

                                    Privet

   Priv"et  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Scot.  privie, Prov. E. prim-print, primwort.
   Prob.  for  primet,  and  perh. named from being cut and trimmed. See,
   Prim,  a.,  and  cf.  Prime  to  prune,  Prim, n., Prie, n.] (Bot.) An
   ornamental European shrub (Ligustrum vulgare), much used in hedges; --
   called  also prim. Egyptian privet. See Lawsonia. -- Evergreen privet,
   a  plant of the genus Rhamnus. See Alatern. -- Mock privet, any one of
   several  evergreen  shrubs  of  the genus Phillyrea. They are from the
   Mediterranean region, and have been much cultivated for hedges and for
   fancifully clipped shrubberies.<-- i.e., topiary plants -->

                                   Privilege

   Priv"i*lege  (?),  n. [F. privil\'8age, L. privilegium an ordinance or
   law against or in favor of an individual; privus private + lex, legis,
   law. See Private, and Legal.]

   1.  A  peculiar  benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not
   enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption
   from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise.

     He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman. Kettlewell.

     The privilege birthright was a double portion. Locke.

     A people inheriting privileges, franchises, and liberties. Burke.

   2. (Stockbroker's Cant) See Call, Put, Spread, etc.
   Breach  of  privilege.  See  under  Breach.  --  Question of privilege
   (Parliamentary  practice), a question which concerns the security of a
   member  of  a  legislative  body in his special privileges as such. --
   Water privilege, the advantage of having machinery driven by a stream,
   or  a  place  affording  such advantage. [ U. S.] -- Writ of privilege
   (Law),  a  writ  to  deliver  a  privileged  person  from custody when
   arrested  in  a civil suit. Blackstone. Syn. -- Prerogative; immunity;
   franchise;   right;   claim;   liberty.   --  Privilege,  Prerogative.
   Privilege,   among   the  Romans,  was  something  conferred  upon  an
   individual  by  a  private  law;  and  hence, it denotes some peculiar
   benefit or advantage, some right or immunity, not enjoyed by the world
   at  large.  Prerogative,  among  the  Romans,  was the right of voting
   first;  and,  hence,  it  denotes  a  right of precedence, or of doing
   certain  acts,  or  enjoying  certain  privileges, to the exclusion of
   others.  It  is the privilege of a member of Congress not to be called
   in  question  elsewhere  for  words  uttered  in  debate.  It  is  the
   prerogative   of  the  president  to  nominate  judges  and  executive
   officers. It is the privilege of a Christian child to be instructed in
   the  true  religion.  It  is the prerogative of a parent to govern and
   direct his children.

                                   Privilege

   Priv"i*lege  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Privileged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Privileging.] [Cf. F. privil\'82gier.]

   1.  To  grant  some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a
   peculiar   right   or   immunity;   to  authorize;  as,  to  privilege
   representatives from arrest.

     To privilege dishonor in thy name. Shak.

   2.  To  bring  or  put into a condition of privilege or exemption from
   evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.

     He  took  this place for sanctuary, And it shall privilege him from
     your hands. Shak.

                                  Privileged

   Priv"i*leged  (?),  a.  Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar
   right,  advantage,  or immunity. Privileged communication. (Law) (a) A
   communication  which  can  not be disclosed without the consent of the
   party  making  it,  --  such  as  those  made by a client to his legal
   adviser,  or  by persons to their religious or medical advisers. (b) A
   communication  which does not expose the party making it to indictment
   for   libel,   --   such   as  those  made  by  persons  communicating
   confidentially  with a government, persons consulted confidentially as
   to the character of servants, etc. -- Privileged debts (Law), those to
   which a preference in payment is given out of the estate of a deceased
   person,  or  out  of  the estate of an insolvent. Wharton. Burrill. --
   Privileged witnesses (Law) witnesses who are not obliged to testify as
   to certain things, as lawyers in relation to their dealings with their
   clients,  and officers of state as to state secrets; also, by statute,
   clergymen  and  physicans  are  placed in the same category, so far as
   concerns  information  received by them professionally.<-- also called
   attorney-clinet privilege, doctor-patient privelege -->

                                    Privily

   Priv"i*ly,  adv.  In  a  privy manner; privately; secretly. Chaucer. 2
   Pet. ii. 1.

                                    Privity

   Priv"i*ty  (?),  n.; pl. Privities (-t&icr;z). [From Privy, a.: cf. F.
   privaut\'82 extreme familiarity.]

   1. Privacy; secrecy; confidence. Chaucer.

     I will unto you, in privity, discover . . . my purpose. Spenser.

   2.  Private  knowledge;  joint  knowledge  with  another  of a private
   concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence.

     All  the  doors  were  laid open for his departure, not without the
     privity of the Prince of Orange. Swift.

   3. A private matter or business; a secret. Chaucer.

   4. pl. The genitals; the privates.

   5.  (Law)  A connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some
   particular  transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same
   rights of property.

                                     Privy

   Priv"y (?), a. [F. priv\'82, fr. L. privatus. See Private.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private
   uses;  not  public; private; as, the privy purse. " Privee knights and
   squires." Chaucer.

   2. Secret; clandestine. " A privee thief." Chaucer.

   3.  Appropriated  to  retirement;  private;  not open to the public. "
   Privy chambers." Ezek. xxi. 14.

   4.  Admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant;
   privately knowing.

     His wife also being privy to it. Acts v. 2.

     Myself am one made privy to the plot. Shak.

   Privy  chamber,  a  private  apartment in a royal residence. [Eng.] --
   Privy  council  (Eng.  Law),  the  principal council of the sovereign,
   composed of the cabinet ministers and other persons chosen by the king
   or  queen. Burrill. -- Privy councilor, a member of the privy council.
   --  Privy purse, moneys set apart for the personal use of the monarch;
   also,  the  title  of the person having charge of these moneys. [Eng.]
   Macaulay.  --  Privy  seal  OR signed, the seal which the king uses in
   grants,  etc.,  which are to pass the great seal, or which the uses in
   matters  of  subordinate  consequence  which  do not require the great
   seal;  also, elliptically, the principal secretary of state, or person
   intrusted  with  the  privy  seal.  [Eng.] -- Privy verdict, a verdict
   given privily to the judge out of court; -- now disused. Burrill.

                                     Privy

   Priv"y, n.; pl. Privies (.

   1.  (Law)  A  partaker;  a  person having an interest in any action or
   thing;  one  who  has  an  interest in an estate created by another; a
   person  having  an  interest  derived from a contract or conveyance to
   which  he  is  not  himself a party. The term, in its proper sense, is
   distinguished from party. Burrill. Wharton.

   2. A necessary house or place; a backhouse.

                                   Prizable

   Priz"a*ble (?), a. Valuable. H. Taylor.

                                     Prize

   Prize  (?),  n.  [F.  prise a seizing, hold, grasp, fr. pris, p. p. of
   prendre  to  take,  L. prendere, prehendere; in some senses, as 2 (b),
   either  from, or influenced by, F. prix price. See Prison, Prehensile,
   and cf. Pry, and also Price.]

   1.  That  which  is  taken  from  another; something captured; a thing
   seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.

     I will depart my pris, or may prey, by deliberation. Chaucer.

     His own prize, Whom formerly he had in battle won. Spenser.

   2.  Hence,  specifically; (a) (Law) Anything captured by a belligerent
   using  the  rights of war; esp., property captured at sea in virtue of
   the  rights  of  war,  as  a vessel. Kent. Brande & C. (b) An honor or
   reward  striven  for  in a competitive contest; anything offered to be
   competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.

     I'll never wrestle for prize more. Shak.

     I fought and conquered, yet have lost the prize. Dryden.

   (c) That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.

   3.  Anything  worth  striving  for;  a  valuable possession held or in
   prospect.

     I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in
     Christ Jesus. Phil. iii. 14.

   4. A contest for a reward; competition. [Obs.] Shak.

   5. A lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever. [Written also prise.]
   Prize  court,  a court having jurisdiction of all captures made in war
   on the high seas. Bouvier. -- Prize fight, an exhibition contest, esp.
   one  of  pugilists,  for  a  stake or wager. -- Prize fighter, one who
   fights  publicly for a reward; -- applied esp. to a professional boxer
   or  pugilist. Pope. -- Prize fighting, fighting, especially boxing, in
   public  for  a  reward  or  wager.  -- Prize master, an officer put in
   charge  or command of a captured vessel. -- Prize medal, a medal given
   as a prize. -- Prize money, a dividend from the proceeds of a captured
   vessel,  etc.,  paid  to  the  captors.  --  Prize  ring,  the ring or
   inclosure  for  a  prize  fight;  the  system  and  practice  of prize
   fighting. -- To make prize of, to capture. Hawthorne.

                                     Prize

   Prize  (?),  v.  t. To move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry.
   [Written also prise.]

                                     Prize

   Prize,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Prized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prizing.] [F.
   priser,  OF.  prisier,  preisier,  fr. L. pretiare, fr. pretium worth,
   value,  price.  See  Price,  and  cf.  Praise.] [Formerly written also
   prise. ]

   1. To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.

     A goodly price that I was prized at. Zech. xi. 13.

     I prize it [life] not a straw, but for mine honor. Shak.

   2.  To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem. "[I]
   do love, prize, honor you. " Shak.

     I prized your person, but your crown disdain. Dryden.

                                     Prize

   Prize,  n.  [F.  prix  price.  See  3d Prize. ] Estimation; valuation.
   [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Prizeman

   Prize"man (?), n.; pl. Prizemen (. The winner of a prize.

                                    Prizer

   Priz"er (?), n. [See 3d Prize.] One who estimates or sets the value of
   a thing; an appraiser. Shak.

                                    Prizer

   Priz"er,  n.  [See  1st  Prize.] One who contends for a prize; a prize
   fighter; a challenger. [Obs.] Shak.

     Appeareth no man yet to answer the prizer. B. Jonson.

                                    Prizing

   Priz"ing,  n.  [See  2d Prize.] The application of a lever to move any
   weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, car, etc. See Prize, n., 5.

                                     Pro-

   Pro-  (?). [L. pro, or Gr. Pro.] A prefix signifying before, in front,
   forth,  for,  in behalf of, in place of, according to; as, propose, to
   place  before;  proceed,  to  go  before or forward; project, to throw
   forward;  prologue,  part  spoken  before  (the  main  piece); propel,
   prognathous;  provide,  to  look out for; pronoun, a word instead of a
   noun;  proconsul,  a  person  acting in place of a consul; proportion,
   arrangement according to parts.

                                      Pro

   Pro,  prep. [L.; akin to prae before, Gr. for. See For, prep., and cf.
   Prior,  a.]  A  Latin  preposition  signifying for, before, forth. Pro
   confesso  [L.]  (Law),  taken  as  confessed. The action of a court of
   equity  on that portion of the pleading in a particular case which the
   pleading  on  the  other  side  does  not  deny.  -- Pro rata. [L. See
   Prorate.]  In  proportion;  proportion. -- Pro re nata [L.] (Law), for
   the existing occasion; as matters are.

                                      Pro

   Pro,  adv.  For,  on,  or  in  behalf  of, the affirmative side; -- in
   contrast  with  con.  Pro and con, for and against, on the affirmative
   and  on  the negative side; as, they debated the question pro and con;
   --  formerly  used  also as a verb. -- Pros and cons, the arguments or
   reasons on either side.

                                     Proa

   Pro"a  (?),  n.  [Malay  pr\'be\'beh.]  (Naut.) A sailing canoe of the
   Ladrone  Islands  and  Malay Archipelago, having its lee side flat and
   its  weather  side  like that of an ordinary boat. The ends are alike.
   The  canoe  is  long  and  narrow,  and  is kept from overturning by a
   cigar-shaped  log  attached  to  a  frame  extending  several  feet to
   windward.  It  has  been  called  the flying proa, and is the swiftest
   sailing craft known.<-- having an outrigger -->

                                    Proach

   Proach (?), v. i. See Approach. [Obs.]

                                   Proatlas

   Pro*at"las  (?), n. [Pref. pro- + atlas.] (Anat.) A vertebral rudiment
   in front of the atlas in some reptiles.

                                Probabiliorism

   Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism (?), n. The doctrine of the probabiliorists.

                                Probabiliorist

   Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist   (?),   n.   [From  L.  probabilior,  compar.  of
   probabilis  probable.] (Casuistry) One who holds, in opposition to the
   probabilists,  that  a  man is bound to do that which is most probably
   right.

                                  Probabilism

   Prob"a*bil*ism  (?)  n.  [Cf.  F.  probabilisme.]  The doctrine of the
   probabilists.

                                  Probabilist

   Prob"a*bil*ist, n. [Cf. F. probabilists.]

   1.   One   who  maintains  that  certainty  is  impossible,  and  that
   probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.

   2.  (Casuistry)  One  who maintains that a man may do that which has a
   probability  of  being  right,  or  which is inculcated by teachers of
   authority,  although  other  opinions  may  seem  to  him  still  more
   probable.

                                  Probability

   Prob`a*bil"i*ty,  n.;  pl. Probabilities (#). [L. probabilitas: cf. F.
   probabilit\'82.]

   1.  The  quality  or state of being probable; appearance of reality or
   truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.

     Probability  is  the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of
     two  ideas,  by  the intervention of proofs whose connection is not
     constant, but appears for the most part to be so. Locke.

   2. That which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance
   of reality or truth.

     The  whole  life  of  man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and
     balancing of probabilities. Buckminster.

     We  do not call for evidence till antecedent probabilities fail. J.
     H. Newman.

   3.  (Math.)  Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine
   of  chances,  or  the  ratio of the number of favorable chances to the
   whole  number  of  chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st Chance,
   n., 5. Syn. -- Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance.

                                   Probable

   Prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. probabilis, fr. probare to try, approve, prove:
   cf. F. probable. See Prove, and cf. Provable.]

   1. Capable of being proved. [Obs.]

   2.  Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which
   inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.

     That  is  accounted  probable which has better arguments producible
     for it than can be brought against it. South.

     I do not say that the principles of religion are merely probable; I
     have before asserted them to be morally certain. Bp. Wilkins.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1141

   3.  Rendering  probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but
   not   demonstrating;  as,  probable  evidence;  probable  presumption.
   Blackstone.
   Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge
   is,  or  my be, well founded. -- Probable error (of an observation, or
   of  the  mean  of  a  number), that within which, taken positively and
   negatively,  there  is  an  even chance that the real error shall lie.
   Thus,  if  3&sec;  is  the probable error in a given case, the chances
   that  the  real  error is greater than 3&sec; are equal to the chances
   that  it is less. The probable error is computed from the observations
   made, and is used to express their degree of accuracy.<-- now, usually
   standard  deviation  is used --> -- The probable, that which is within
   the   bounds   of   probability;   that  which  is  not  unnatural  or
   preternatural; -- opposed to the marvelous.
   
                                   Probably
                                       
   Prob"a*bly (?), adv. In a probable manner; in likelihood. 

     Distinguish  between  what  may  possibly and what will probably be
     done. L'Estrange.

                                    Probacy

   Pro"ba*cy (?), n. [See Probate.] Proof; trial. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Probal

   Pro"bal (?), a. Approved; probable. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Probality

   Pro*bal"i*ty  (?),  n.  Probability. [Obs.] "With as great probality."
   Holland.

                                    Probang

   Pro"bang  (?), n. [See Probe.] A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone,
   with  a  sponge  on  the  end,  for  removing  obstructions  from  the
   esophagus, etc.

                                    Probate

   Pro"bate  (?),  n.  [From  L. probatus, p. p. of probare to prove. See
   Prove.]

   1. Proof. [Obs.] Skelton.

   2.  (Law) (a) Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent
   officer  or  tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the
   last  will  and  testament  of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful
   act;  the  copy  of  a  will  proved,  under  the seal of the Court of
   Probate,  delivered  to the executors with a certificate of its having
   been  proved.  Bouvier.  Burrill.  (b)  The  right  or jurisdiction of
   proving wills.

                                    Probate

   Pro"bate,  a. Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a
   probate  record.  Probate  Court, OR Court of Probate, a court for the
   probate  of  wills.  --  Probate  duty,  a  government tax on property
   passing by will. [Eng.]

                                    Probate

   Pro"bate  (?)  v.  t.  To  obtain  the  official approval of, as of an
   instrument  purporting  to  be  the  last  will and testament; as, the
   executor has probated the will.

                                   Probation

   Pro*ba"tion  (?), n. [L. probatio, fr. probare to try, examine, prove:
   cf. F. probation. See Prove.]

   1. The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof. [Obs.]

     When  by  miracle  God dispensed great gifts to the laity, . . . he
     gave  probation  that  he  intended  that  all  should prophesy and
     preach. Jer. Taylor.

   2. Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character,
   qualification,  etc.;  examination;  trial;  as, to engage a person on
   probation.  Hence, specifically: (a) The novitiate which a person must
   pass  in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the
   severities  of  the  rule.  (b) The trial of a ministerial candidate's
   qualifications  prior  to  his  ordination,  or to his settlement as a
   pastor.  (c)  Moral  trial;  the  state of man in the present life, in
   which  he  has  the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming
   qualified for a happier state.

     No  [view  of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards
     it as a state of probation. Paley.

                                  Probational

   Pro*ba"tion*al (?), a. Probationary.

                                 Probationary

   Pro*ba"tion*a*ry  (?)  a.  Of  or pertaining to probation; serving for
   trial.

     To consider this life . . . as a probationary state. Paley.

                                  Probationer

   Pro*ba"tion*er (?), n.

   1. One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.

     While yet a young probationer, And candidate of heaven. Dryden.

   2.  A  student  in divinity, who, having received certificates of good
   morals  and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several
   trials  by  a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed
   to preach. [Scot.]

                                Probationership

   Pro*ba"tion*er*ship,  n.  The state of being a probationer; novitiate.
   Locke.

                                 Probationship

   Pro*ba"tion*ship, n. A state of probation.

                                   Probative

   Pro"ba*tive (?), a. [L. probativus: cf. F.probatif.] Serving for trial
   or  proof;  probationary; as, probative judgments; probative evidence.
   South.

                                   Probator

   Pro*ba"tor (?) n. [L.]

   1. An examiner; an approver. Maydman.

   2.  (O.  Eng. Law) One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and
   accused  others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's
   evidence.

                                   Probatory

   Pro"ba*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. probatoire.]

   1. Serving for trial; probationary. Abp. Bramhall.

   2. Pertaining to, or serving for, proof. Jer. Taylor.
   Probatory term (Law), a time for taking testimony.

                                     Probe

   Probe  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Probed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Probing.]
   [L. probare to try, examine. See Prove.]

   1.  To examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with
   a probe.

   2. Fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine thoroughly.
   Dryden.

     The  growing  disposition to probe the legality of all acts, of the
     crown. Hallam.

                                     Probe

   Probe,  n.  (Surg.)  An  instrument  for  examining the depth or other
   circumstances  of  a  wound,  ulcer,  or cavity, or the direction of a
   sinus,  of  for exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc.
   Parr. Probe, OR Probe-pointed, scissors (Surg.), scissors used to open
   wounds,  the  blade  of  which,  to  be thrust into the orifice, has a
   button at the end. Wiseman.

                                   Probeagle

   Pro"bea`gle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Porbeagle.

                                 Probe-pointed

   Probe"-point`ed  (?),  a.  (Surg.)  Having  a  blunt  or button-shaped
   extremity; -- said of cutting instruments.

                                    Probity

   Prob"i*ty  (?),  n.  [F. probit\'82, fr. L. probitas, fr. probus good,
   proper,  honest. Cf. Prove.] Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral
   excellence;  honesty; rectitude; uprightness. "Probity of mind." Pope.
   Syn.  -- Probity, Integrity. Probity denotes unimpeachable honesty and
   virtue,  shown  especially  by  the  performance of those obligations,
   called  imperfect,  which  the laws of the state do not reach, and can
   not enforce. Integrity denotes a whole-hearted honesty, and especially
   that  which excludes all injustice that might favor one's self. It has
   a  peculiar  reference  to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfer of
   property, and the execution of trusts for others.

                                    Problem

   Prob"lem (?), n. [F. probl\'8ame, L. problema, fr. Gr. Parable. ]

   1.  A  question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination
   or  proof;  hence,  a  matter  difficult  of solution or settlement; a
   doubtful case; a question involving doubt. Bacon.

   2.  (Math.) Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to
   bisect  a  line,  to  draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an
   unknown quantity.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr oblem di ffers from theorem in this, that a problem
     is  something  to  be  done, as to bisect a triangle, to describe a
     circle,  etc.; a theorem is something to be proved, as that all the
     angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.

   Plane  problem (Geom.), a problem that can be solved by the use of the
   rule and compass. -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem requiring in its
   geometric solution the use of a conic section or higher curve.

                          Problematic, Problematical

   Prob`lem*at"ic  (?),  Prob`lem*at"ic*al (?), a. [L. problematicus, Gr.
   probl\'82matique.]  Having the nature of a problem; not shown in fact;
   questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful. -- Prob`lem*at"ic*al*ly,
   adv.

     Diligent inquiries into remote and problematical guilt leave a gate
     wide open to . . . informers. Swift.

                                 Problematist

   Prob"lem*a*tist (?) n. One who proposes problems. [R.] Evelyn.

                                 Problematize

   Prob"lem*a*tize  (?)  v.  t.  To  propose  problems.  [R.]  "Hear  him
   problematize." B. Jonson.

                                 Proboscidate

   Pro*bos"ci*date   (?),   a.   [See  Proboscis.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Having  a
   proboscis; proboscidial.

                                  Proboscidea

   Pro`bos*cid"e*a  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis.] (Zo\'94l.) An order
   of large mammal

                                 Proboscidean

   Pro`bos*cid"e*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Proboscidian.

                                 Proboscidial

   Pro`bos*cid"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Proboscidate.

                                 Proboscidian

   Pro`bos*cid"i*an  (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Proboscidea. --
   n. One of the Proboscidea.

                                Proboscidifera

   Pro*bos`ci*dif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis, and -ferous.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods,
   including  those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth
   at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. See Illust. of
   Gastropoda, and of Winkle.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  subdivision  of  the  t\'91nioglossate  gastropods,
   including  the  fig-shells  (Pyrula),  the helmet shells (Cassis), the
   tritons, and allied genera.

                                Proboscidiform

   Pro`bos*cid"i*form  (?) a. Having the form or uses of a proboscis; as,
   a proboscidiform mouth.

                                   Proboscis

   Pro*bos"cis (?), n.; pl. Proboscides (#). [L. fr. Gr.

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  hollow  organ  or  tube  attached  to  the head, or
   connected  with  the  mouth, of various animals, and generally used in
   taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e pr oboscis of  an elephant is a flexible muscular
     elongation  of  the  nose.  The  proboscis  of insects is usually a
     chitinous tube formed by the modified maxill\'91, or by the labium.
     See Illusts. of Hemiptera and Lepidoptera.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs
   of the lower animals that can be everted or protruded.

     NOTE: &hand; The proboscis of annelids and of mollusks is usually a
     portion  of  the  pharynx that can be everted or protruded. That of
     nemerteans is a special long internal organ, not connected with the
     mouth, and not used in feeding, but capable of being protruded from
     a pore in the head. See Illust. in Appendix.

   3. The nose. [Jocose]
   Proboscis monkey. (Zo\'94l.) See Kahau.

                                  Procacious

   Pro*ca"cious  (?),  a. [L. procax, -acis, fr. procare to ask, demand.]
   Pert; petulant; forward; saucy. [R.] Barrow.

                                   Procacity

   Pro*cac"i*ty (?) n. [L. procacitas.] Forwardness; pertness; petulance.
   [R.] Burton.

                                  Procambium

   Pro*cam"bi*um  (?)  n.  [NL.  See Pro-, and Cambium.] (Bot.) The young
   tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component cells have begun
   to be differentiated. Sachs.

                                 Procatarctic

   Pro`cat*arc"tic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  procatarctique.  ]  (Med.) Beginning;
   predisposing; exciting; initial. [Obs.]

     NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rds pr ocatarctic ca uses ha ve been used with
     different significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously
     with  prime  causes,  exciting  causes,  and predisposing or remote
     causes.

     The physician inquires into the procatarctic causes. Harvey.

                                  Procatarxis

   Pro`cat*arx"is  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The kindling of a disease
   into action; also, the procatarctic cause. Quincy.

                                  Procedendo

   Pro`ce*den"do  (?),  n.  [Abl.  of  the gerundive of L. procedere. see
   Proceed.]  (Law) (a) A writ by which a cause which has been removed on
   insufficient   grounds  from  an  inferior  to  a  superior  court  by
   certiorari,  or otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, to be
   proceeded  in  there.  (b)  In English practice, a writ issuing out of
   chancery  in cases where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving
   judgment,  commanding them to proceed to judgment. (c) A writ by which
   the  commission  of  the justice of the peace is revived, after having
   been suspended. Tomlins. Burrill.

                                   Procedure

   Pro*ce"dure (?), n. [F. proc\'82dure. See Proceed.]

   1.  The  act  or  manner  of  proceeding  or moving forward; progress;
   process;  operation;  conduct.  "The  true  procedure  of conscience."
   South.

   2. A step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in an
   action or other legal proceeding. "Gracious procedures." I. Taylor.

   3. That which results; issue; product. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                    Proceed

   Pro*ceed"  (?)  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Proceeded;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Proceeding.]  [F.  proc\'82der.  fr.  L.  procedere,  processum, to go
   before, to proceed; pro forward + cedere to move. See Cede.]

   1.  To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or
   renew motion begun; as, to proceed on a journey.

     If thou proceed in this thy insolence. Shak.

   2. To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; as, to proceed
   with a story or argument.

   3.  To  issue  or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from;
   as, light proceeds from the sun.

     I proceeded forth and came from God. John viii. 42.

     It proceeds from policy, not love. Shak.

   4. To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a
   series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a design.

     He that proceeds upon other principles in his inquiry. Locke.

   5. To be transacted; to take place; to occur. [Obs.]

     He  will,  after  his  sour  fashion,  tell you What hath proceeded
     worthy note to-day. Shak.

   6. To have application or effect; to operate.

     This  rule  only  proceeds and takes place when a person can not of
     common law condemn another by his sentence. Ayliffe.

   7. (Law) To begin and carry on a legal process. Syn. -- To advance; go
   on; continue; progress; issue; arise; emanate.

                                    Proceed

   Pro"ceed (?) n. See Proceeds. [Obs.] Howell.

                                   Proceeder

   Pro*ceed"er (?), n. One who proceeds.

                                  Proceeding

   Pro*ceed"ing, n.

   1.  The  act  of  one  who  proceeds,  or  who  prosecutes a design or
   transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another; a measure
   or  step  taken in a course of business; a transaction; as, an illegal
   proceeding; a cautious or a violent proceeding.

     The proceedings of the high commission. Macaulay.

   2.  pl.  (Law) The course of procedure in the prosecution of an action
   at law. Blackstone.
   Proceedings  of  a  society, the published record of its action, or of
   things  done  at  its  meetings. Syn. -- Procedure; measure; step, See
   Transaction.

                                   Proceeds

   Pro"ceeds  (?),  n.  pl.  That  which  comes forth or results; effect;
   yield; issue; product; sum accruing from a sale, etc.

                                Proceleusmatic

   Proc`e*leus*mat"ic     (?),     a.     [L.    proceleusmaticus,    Gr.
   proc\'82leusmatique.]

   1. Inciting; animating; encouraging. [R.] Johnson.

   2.  (Pros.)  Consisting  of  four short syllables; composed of feet of
   four short syllables each.

                                Proceleusmatic

   Proc`e*leus*mat"ic  (?),  n.  (Pros.)  A foot consisting of four short
   syllables.

                                 Procellarian

   Pro`cel*la"ri*an  (?),  n.  [L. procella a storm.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a
   family  of  oceanic  birds  (Procellarid\'91)  including  the petrels,
   fulmars,  and  shearwaters.  They are often seen in great abundance in
   stormy weather.

                                  Procellous

   Pro*cel"lous  (?),  a. [L. procellosus, fr. procella a storm.] Stormy.
   [Obs.] Bailey.

                                  Procephalic

   Pro`ce*phal"ic  (?), a. [Pref. pro- + cephalic.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining
   to,  or  forming,  the front of the head. Procephalic lobe (Zo\'94l.),
   that  part  of the head of an invertebrate animal which is in front of
   the mouth.

                                  Proception

   Pro*cep"tion  (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. capere to take.] Preoccupation.
   [Obs.] Eikon Basilik 

                                    Procere

   Pro*cere"  (?),  a.  [L. procerus tall.] Of high stature; tall. [Obs.]
   Evelyn.

                                  Procerebrum

   Pro*cer"e*brum   (?)   n.   [Pref.   pro-  +  cerebrum.]  (Anat.)  The
   prosencephalon.

                                   Proceres

   Proc"e*res (?) n. pl. [NL., fr. L. procer (Zo\'94l.) An order of large
   birds; the Ratit\'91; -- called also Proceri.

                                   Procerite

   Proc"er*ite  (?),  n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The segment next to
   the flagellum of the antenn\'91 of Crustacea.

                                   Procerity

   Pro*cer"i*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  proceritas.] Height of stature; tallness.
   [R.] Johnson.

                                    Process

   Proc"ess, n. [F. proc\'8as, L. processus. See Proceed.]

   1.  The  act  of  proceeding;  continued  forward movement; procedure;
   progress; advance. "Long process of time." Milton.

     The  thoughts  of  men  are  widened  with the process of the suns.
     Tennyson.

   <-- = advance of time? -->

   2.  A  series  of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or
   transaction;   continuous   operation;  normal  or  actual  course  or
   procedure;  regular  proceeding;  as,  the  process  of  vegetation or
   decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.

     Tell her the process of Antonio's end. Shak.

   3. A statement of events; a narrative. [Obs.] Chaucer.

   4.  (Anat.  &  Zo\'94l.)  Any  marked  prominence  or projecting part,
   especially of a bone; anapophysis.

   5.  (Law) The whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal,
   civil  or  criminal,  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of the suit;
   strictly,  the  means  used  for  bringing the defendant into court to
   answer  to the action; -- a generic term for writs of the class called
   judicial.
   Deacon's process [from H. Deacon, who introduced it] (Chem.), a method
   of obtaining chlorine gas by passing hydrochloric acid gas over heated
   slag  which  has  been  previously  saturated  with a solution of some
   metallic  salt,  as sulphate of copper. -- Final process (Practice), a
   writ  of execution in an action at law. Burrill. -- In process, in the
   condition of advance, accomplishment, transaction, or the like; begun,
   and  not completed. -- Jury process (Law), the process by which a jury
   is  summoned  in  a  cause, and by which their attendance is enforced.
   Burrill.  --  Leblanc's  process (Chem.), the process of manufacturing
   soda  by  treating  salt  with  sulphuric  acid,  reducing  the sodium
   sulphate  so  formed to sodium sulphide by roasting with charcoal, and
   converting  the  sodium  sulphide to sodium carbonate by roasting with
   lime.  --  Mesne  process.  See  under  Mesne. -- Process milling, the
   process  of  high  milling  for  grinding flour. See under Milling. --
   Reversible process (Thermodynamics), any process consisting of a cycle
   of  operations  such that the different operations of the cycle can be
   performed in reverse order with a reversal of their effects.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1142

                                  Procession

   Pro*ces"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. processio. See Proceed.]

   1.  The  act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular,
   orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course. Bp. Pearson.

     That the procession of their life might be

     More equable, majestic, pure, and free. Trench.

     2.  That  which  is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn
     manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train;
     a   retinue;  as,  a  procession  of  mourners;  the  Lord  Mayor's
     procession.

     Here comes the townsmen on procession. Shak.

     3.  (Eccl.)  An  orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either
     from  the  sacristy  to  the  choir,  or  from the choir around the
     church, within or without. Shipley.

     4.  pl.  (Eccl.)  An  old  term  for  litanies  which  were said in
     procession and not kneeling. Shipley.

   Procession  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  a  theological  term applied to the
   relation  of  the  Holy  Spirit to the Father and the Son, the Eastern
   Church  affirming  that  the Spirit proceeds from the Father only, and
   the  Western  Church  that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the
   Son.  Shipley.  --  Procession  week,  a  name for Rogation week, when
   processions were made; Cross-week. Shipley.

                                  Procession

   Pro*ces"sion,  v.  t.  (Law)  To  ascertain,  mark,  and establish the
   boundary  lines  of,  as  lands.  [Local,  U.  S.  (North Carolina and
   Tennessee).]  "To  procession the lands of such persons as desire it."
   Burrill.

                                  Procession

   Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To march in procession. [R.]

                                  Procession

   Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To honor with a procession. [R.]

                                 Processional

   Pro*ces"sion*al  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting
   in a procession.

     The processional services became more frequent. Milman.

                                 Processional

   Pro*ces"sion*al, n. [F. processionnal, LL. processionale.]

   1.  (R. C. Ch.) A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions.
   J. Gregory.

   2.  A  hymn,  or other selection, sung during a church procession; as,
   the processional was the 202d hymn.

                                Processionalist

   Pro*ces"sion*al*ist, n. One who goes or marches in a procession. [R.]

                                 Processionary

   Pro*ces"sion*a*ry    (?),    a.    [Cf.    LL.   processionarius,   F.
   processionnaire.]   Pertaining   to   a   procession;   consisting  in
   processions; as, processionary service. Processionary moth (Zo\'94l.),
   any  moth  of  the  genus  Cnethocampa,  especially C. processionea of
   Europe,  whose  larv\'91  make  large webs on oak trees, and go out to
   feed in regular order. They are covered with stinging hairs.

                                 Processioner

   Pro*ces"sion*er (?), n.

   1. One who takes part in a procession.

   2. A manual of processions; a processional. Fuller.

   3.  An  officer  appointed  to  procession lands. [Local, U. S. (North
   Carolina and Tennessee).] Burrill.

                                 Processioning

   Pro*ces"sion*ing,   n.   A   proceeding   prescribed  by  statute  for
   ascertaining  and  fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession. [
   Local, U. S.] Bouvier.

                                  Processive

   Pro*ces"sive (?), a. Proceeding; advancing.

     Because it is language, -- ergo, processive. Coleridge.

   <-- (Biochemistry) acting from one end of a polymer, and continuing to
   act on the same polymer, rather than detaching and re-binding randomly
   to other molecules. Said of polymerases or hydrolytic enzymes. Opposed
   to  "distributive".  Colloquially,  (laboratory  slang) processive and
   distributive  enzymes  may be referred to as "clingers" and "hoppers",
   respectively. -->

                               Proc\'8as verbal

   Pro`c\'8as" ver`bal" (?). [ F.] (French Law) An authentic minute of an
   official act, or statement of facts.

                                   Prochein

   Pro"chein  (?),  a.  [F.  prochain,  fr.  L. (assumed) proximanus, fr.
   proximus.]  Next;  nearest.  Prochein  ami  OR  amy  ( (Law), the next
   friend. See under Next.

                                  Prochordal

   Pro*chor"dal  (?), a. [Pref. pro + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated in front
   of  the notochord; -- applied especially to parts of the cartilaginous
   rudiments in the base of the skull.

                                  Prochronism

   Pro"chro*nism (?) n. [Gr. prochronisme.] The dating of an event before
   the time it happened; an antedating; -- opposed to metachronism.

                                  Prochronize

   Pro"chro*nize (?), v. t. To antedate. Fitzed. Hall.

                            Procidence, Procidentia

   Proc"i*dence,  Proc*i*den"ti*a (?), n. [L. procidentia, fr. procidens,
   p.  pr.  of  procidere to fall down forward.] (Med.) A falling down; a
   prolapsus. [R.] Parr.

                                  Prociduous

   Pro*cid"u*ous (, a. [ L. prociduus.] Falling from its proper place.

                                   Procinct

   Pro*cinct"  (?) n. [L. procinctus, fr. procingere, procinctum, to gird
   up.]  A  state  of  complete  readiness  for  action.  [Obs.]  "War in
   procinct." Milton.

                                   Proclaim

   Pro*claim"  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Proclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Proclaiming.]  [OE.  proclamen,  L.  proclamare; pro before, forward +
   clamare to call or cry out: cf. F. proclamer. See Claim.]

   1. To make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to; to
   publish  abroad;  to  promulgate;  to  declare; as, to proclaim war or
   peace.

     To proclaim liberty to the captives. Isa. lxi. 1.

     For the apparel oft proclaims the man. Shak.

     Throughout the host proclaim A solemn council forthwith to be held.
     Milton.

   2. To outlaw by public proclamation.

     I heard myself proclaimed. Shak.

   Syn. -- To publish; promulgate; declare; announce. See Announce.

                                  Proclaimer

   Pro*claim"er (?), n. One who proclaims.

                                 Proclamation

   Proc`la*ma"tion   (?)   n.   [F.  proclamation,  L.  proclamatio.  See
   Proclaim.]

   1. The act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication.

     King  Asa  made  a  proclamation  throughout  all  Judah;  none was
     exempted. 1 Kings xv. 22.

   2.  That  which  is  proclaimed,  publicly  announced,  or  officially
   declared;  a  published  ordinance;  as, the proclamation of a king; a
   Thanksgiving proclamation.

                                   Proclitic

   Pro*clit"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr. Enclitic.] (Gr. Gram.) Leaning forward; --
   said  of  certain  monosyllabic words which are so closely attached to
   the following word as not to have a separate accent.

                                   Proclive

   Pro*clive"  (?)  a.  [L.  proclivis  sloping,  inclined; pro forward +
   clivus  hill:  cf.  F.  proclive.  See Declivity, and cf. Proclivous.]
   Having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

                                  Proclivity

   Pro*cliv"i*ty (?), n. [L. proclivitas: cf. F. proclivit\'82.]

   1.  Inclination;  propensity;  proneness;  tendency.  "A proclivity to
   steal." Abp. Bramhall.

   2. Readiness; facility; aptitude.

     He  had  such  a  dexterous proclivity as his teachers were fain to
     restrain his forwardness. Sir H. Wotton.

                                  Proclivous

   Pro*cli"vous (?), a. [L. proclivus. See Proclive.]

   1. Inclined; tending by nature. [R.]

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the incisor teeth directed forward.

                                  Proc\'d2le

   Pro*c\'d2le"  (?), n. [Pref. pro + Gr. (Anat.) A lateral cavity of the
   prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder.

                                  Proc\'d2lia

   Pro*c\'d2"li*a  (?)  n.;  pl. Proc\'d2li\'91 (. [ NL.] (Anat.) Same as
   Proc\'d2le.

                                  Proc\'d2lia

   Pro*c\'d2"li*a,  n.  pl.  [NL.]  (Zo\'94l.)  A division of Crocodilia,
   including  the  true  crocodiles  and  alligators, in which the dorsal
   vertebr\'91 are concave in front.

                                 Proc\'d2lian

   Pro*c\'d2"li*an  (?) a. [See Proc\'d2le.] (Anat & Zo\'94l.) Concave in
   front;  as,  proc\'d2lian  vertebr\'91, which have the anterior end of
   the centra concave and the posterior convex.

                                 Proc\'d2lian

   Pro*c\'d2"li*an,   n.   (Zo\'94l.)   A   reptile  having  proc\'d2lian
   vertebr\'91; one of the Proc\'d2lia.

                                 Proc\'d2lous

   Pro*c\'d2"lous (?), a.Same as Proc\'d2lian.

                                   Proconsul

   Pro*con"sul  (?),  n. [L., fr. pro for + consul consul.] (Rom. Antiq.)
   An officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being himself
   consul;  a governor of, or a military commander in, a province. He was
   usually one who had previously been consul.

                           Proconsular, Proconsulary

   Pro*con"su*lar (?), Pro*con"su*la*ry (?), a. [L. proconsularis: cf. F.
   proconsulaire.]

   1. Of or pertaining of a proconsul; as, proconsular powers.

   2. Under the government of a proconsul; as, a proconsular province.

                                 Proconsulate

   Pro*con"su*late  (?),  n.  [L. proconsulatus: cf. F. proconsulat.] The
   office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his office.

                                 Proconsulship

   Pro*con"sul*ship (?) n. Proconsulate.

                                 Procrastinate

   Pro*cras"ti*nate  (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrastinated (?); p. pr. &
   vb. n. Procrastinating.] [L. procrastinatus, p. p. of procrastinare to
   procrastinate;   pro  forward  +  crastinus  of  to-morrow,  fr.  cras
   to-morrow.]  To  put off till to-morrow, or from day to day; to defer;
   to postpone; to delay; as, to procrastinate repentance. Dr. H. More.

     Hopeless  and  helpless  \'92geon  wend,  But  to procrastinate his
     lifeless end. Shak.

   Syn. -- To postpone; adjourn; defer; delay; retard; protract; prolong.

                                 Procrastinate

   Pro*cras"ti*nate, v. i. To delay; to be dilatory.

     I procrastinate more than I did twenty years ago. Swift.

                                Procrastination

   Pro*cras`ti*na"tion    (?),    n.    [L.    procrastinatio:   cf.   F.
   procrastination.]  The act or habit of procrastinating, or putting off
   to a future time; delay; dilatoriness.

     Procrastination is the thief of time. Young.

                                Procrastinator

   Pro*cras"ti*na`tor  (?)  n.  One  who  procrastinates,  or  defers the
   performance of anything.

                                Procrastinatory

   Pro*cras"ti*na*to*ry  (?)  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to procrastination;
   dilatory.

                                  Procrastine

   Pro*cras"tine (?) v. t. To procrastinate. [Obs.]

                                   Procreant

   Pro"cre*ant   (?),   a.  [L.  procreans,  p.  pr.  of  procreare.  See
   Procreate.]  Generating; producing; productive; fruitful; assisting in
   procreation. [R.] "His pendent bed and procreant cradle." Shak.

                                   Procreant

   Pro"cre*ant, n. One who, or that which, procreates.

                                   Procreate

   Pro"cre*ate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procreated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Procreating.] [L. procreatus, p. p. of procreare; pro forward, forth +
   create to create.] To generate and produce; to beget; to engender.

                                  Procreation

   Pro`cre*a"tion  (?)  n. [F. procr\'82ation, L, procreatio.] The act of
   begetting; generation and production of young. South.

                                  Procreative

   Pro"cre*a`tive  (?),  a. Having the power to beget; generative. Sir M.
   Hale.

                                Procreativeness

   Pro"cre*a`tive*ness, n. The power of generating.

                                  Procreator

   Pro"cre*a`tor  (?),  n.  [L.]  One  who  begets;  a  father or sire; a
   generator.

                                    Procris

   Pro"cris  (?) n. [L., the wife of Cephalus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species
   of  small  moths  of  the  genus Procris. The larv\'91 of some species
   injure the grapevine by feeding in groups upon the leaves.

                                  Procrustean

   Pro*crus"te*an  (?), a. Of or pertaining to Procrustes, or the mode of
   torture  practiced  by him; producing conformity by violent means; as,
   the Procrustean treatment; a Procrustean limit. See Procrustes.

                                Procrusteanize

   Pro*crus"te*an*ize  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Procrusteanized (?); p.
   pr.  &  vb. n. Procrusteanizing (?).] To stretch or contract according
   to some rule or standard.

                                  Procrustes

   Pro*crus"tes  (?)  n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A celebrated legendary
   highwayman  of  Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as
   the case required, either stretched or cut of their legs to adapt them
   to  its  length;  --  whence  the  metaphorical  phrase,  the  bed  of
   Procrustes.

                                 Procrustesian

   Pro`crus*te"si*an (?), a. See Procrustean.

                                   Proctitis

   Proc*ti"tis  (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
   rectum.

                                  Proctocele

   Proc"to*cele  (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Inversion and prolapse of the mucous
   coat  of  the  rectum,  from relaxation of the sphincter, with more or
   less swelling; prolapsus ani. Dunglison.

                                 Proctod\'91um

   Proc`to*d\'91"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) See Mesenteron.

                                    Proctor

   Proc"tor   (?),   n.   [OE.  proketour,  contr.  fr.  procurator.  See
   Procurator.]  One  who  is  employed  to manage to affairs of another.
   Specifically:  (a)  A  person  appointed to collect alms for those who
   could  not  go  out  to  beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden,
   etc.; hence a beggar. [Obs.] Nares. (b) (Eng. Law) An officer employed
   in  admiralty  and ecclesiastical causes. He answers to an attorney at
   common  law, or to a solicitor in equity. Wharton. (c) (Ch. of Eng.) A
   representative  of  the  clergy  in  convocation.  (d) An officer in a
   university  or  college  whose  duty it is to enforce obedience to the
   laws  of the institution. <-- hall proctor. a proctor(d) who maintains
   order  within the hallways of a school, esp. during a shange of class.
   THe post is often occupied by a student -->

                                    Proctor

   Proc"tor,  v.  t. To act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney
   or agent. Bp. Warburton.

                                  Proctorage

   Proc"tor*age  (?)  n.  Management  by  a  proctor, or as by a proctor;
   hence,   control;   superintendence;  --  in  contempt.  "The  fogging
   proctorage of money." Milton.

                                  Proctorial

   Proc*to"ri*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to a proctor, esp. an academic
   proctor; magisterial.

                                  Proctorical

   Proc*tor"ic*al (?), a. Proctorial. [R.]

                                  Proctorship

   Proc"tor*ship  (?)  n.  The  office or dignity of a proctor; also, the
   term of his office. Clarendon.

                                  Proctotomy

   Proc*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) An incision into the rectum, as for
   the division of a stricture.

                                   Proctucha

   Proc"tu*cha  (?),  n.  pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A division of
   Turbellaria   including  those  that  have  an  intestine  terminating
   posteriorly. (b) The Nemertina.

                                  Procumbent

   Pro*cum"bent  (?),  a. [L. procumbens, -entis, p. pr. of procumbere to
   fall, bend, or lean forward; pro forward + cumbere (in comp.), akin to
   cubare to lie down: cf. F. procombant. Cf. Incumbent.]

   1.  Lying  down,  or  on  the  face; prone. " Procumbent each obeyed."
   Cowper.

   2.  (Bot.)  Lying  on  the  ground,  but  without putting forth roots;
   trailing; prostrate; as, a procumbent stem.

                                  Procurable

   Pro*cur"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being procured; obtainable. Boyle.

                                   Procuracy

   Proc"u*ra*cy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Procuracies (#). [LL. procuratia: cf. F.
   procuratie. See Procuration, and cf,. Proxy.]

   1.  The  office  or  act  of  a  proctor or procurator; management for
   another.

   2. Authority to act for another; a proxy. [Obs.]

                                  Procuration

   Proc`u*ra"tion   (?)  n.  [L.  procuratio:  cf.  F.  procuration.  See
   Procure.]

   1. The act of procuring; procurement.

   2. The management of another's affairs.

   3.  The  instrument  by  which  a  person is empowered to transact the
   affairs of another; a proxy.

   4.  (Ch.  of  Eng.)  A  sum  of  money  paid formerly to the bishop or
   archdeacon,  now to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent,
   as  a  commutation  for  entertainment  at  the time of visitation; --
   called also proxy.
   Procuration money (Law), money paid for procuring a loan. Blackstone.

                                  Procurator

   Proc"u*ra`tor  (?),  n.  [L.: cf. F. procurateur. See Procure, and cf.
   Proctor. ]

   1.  (Law)  One who manages another's affairs, either generally or in a
   special matter; an agent; a proctor. Chaucer. Shak.

   2.  (Rom.  Antiq.)  A governor of a province under the emperors; also,
   one  who  had  charge  of the imperial revenues in a province; as, the
   procurator of Judea.
   Procurator   fiscal   (Scots  Law),  public  prosecutor,  or  district
   attorney.

                                 Procuratorial

   Proc`u*ra*to"ri*al (, a. Of or pertaining to a procurator, or proctor;
   made by a proctor. Ayliffe.

                                Procuratorship

   Proc"u*ra`tor*ship  (?),  n.  The  office or term of a procurator. Bp.
   Pearson.

                                  Procuratory

   Pro*cu"ra*to*ry   (?),   a.   [L.   procuratorius.]   Tending  to,  or
   authorizing, procuration.

                                    Procure

   Pro*cure"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Procured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Procuring.]  [F.  procurer, L. procurare, procuratum, to take care of;
   pro  for  +  curare  to  take  care,  fr. cura care. See Cure, and cf.
   Proctor, Proxy.]

   1.  To  bring  into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into
   possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another; to
   gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan.

     If we procure not to ourselves more woe. Milton.

   2. To contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause.

     By  all  means  possible they procure to have gold and silver among
     them in reproach. Robynson (More's Utopia) .

     Proceed, Solinus, to procure my fall. Shak.

   3. To solicit; to entreat. [Obs.]

     The  famous  Briton prince and faery knight, . . . Of the fair Alma
     greatly  were  procured  To  make  there  longer sojourn and abode.
     Spenser.
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   Page 1143

   4. To cause to come; to bring; to attract. [Obs.]

     What unaccustomed cause procures her hither? Shak.

   5.  To  obtain  for  illicit  intercourse or prostitution. Syn. -- See
   Attain.

                                    Procure

   Pro*cure" (?), v. i.

   1. To pimp. Shak.

   2. To manage business for another in court. [Scot.]

                                  Procurement

   Pro*cure"ment (?), n.

   1. The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.

   2. Efficient contrivance; management; agency.

     They think it done By her procurement. Dryden.

                                   Procurer

   Pro*cur"er (?), n. [Cf. F. procureur.]

   1. One who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on, or
   causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means.

   2.  One  who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a
   pander. South.

                                   Procuress

   Pro*cur"ess, n. A female procurer, or pander.

                                    Procyon

   Pro"cy*on  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  constellation which rises before the Dog
   Star, Gr.

   1.  (Astron.) a star of the first magnitude in the constellation Canis
   Minor, or the Little Dog.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of mammals including the raccoon.

                                     Prod

   Prod  (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. brod goad, prickle, sting, and E. brad,
   also W. procio to poke, thrust.]

   1. A pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an awl,
   a skewer, etc.

   2. A prick or stab which a pointed instrument.

   3.  A  light  kind  of crossbow; -- in the sense, often spelled prodd.
   Fairholt.

                                     Prod

   Prod,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Prodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prodding.] To
   thrust  some  pointed  instrument into; to prick with something sharp;
   as, to prod a soldier with a bayonet; to prod oxen; hence, to goad, to
   incite, to worry; as, to prod a student. H. Taylor.

                                     Prodd

   Prodd (?), n. A crossbow. See Prod, 3.

                                   Prodigal

   Prod"i*gal  (?),  a.  [L.  prodigus, from prodigere to drive forth, to
   squander  away;  pro forward, forth + agere to drive; cf. F. prodigue.
   See  Agent.  ]  Given  to  extravagant expenditure; expending money or
   other  things  without  necessity;  recklessly  or  viciously profuse;
   lavish;  wasteful;  not  frugal or economical; as, a prodigal man; the
   prodigal son; prodigal giving; prodigal expenses.

     In fighting fields [patriots] were prodigal of blood. Dryden.

   Syn.  --  Profuse;  lavish;  extravagant;  squandering;  wasteful. See
   Profuse.

                                   Prodigal

   Prod"i*gal,  n.  One  who  expends  money extravagantly, viciously, or
   without necessity; one that is profuse or lavish in any expenditure; a
   waster; a spendthrift. "Noble prodigals of life." Trench.

                                  Prodigality

   Prod`i*gal"i*ty  (?),  n.  [F.  prodigalit\'82,  L.  prodigalitas. See
   Prodigal.]   Extravagance   in  expenditure,  particularly  of  money;
   excessive  liberality;  profusion;  waste;  --  opposed  to frugality,
   economy, and parsimony."The prodigality of his wit." Dryden.

                                  Prodigalize

   Prod"i*gal*ize  (?),  v.  i. To act as a prodigal; to spend liberally.
   Sherwood.

                                  Prodigalize

   Prod"i*gal*ize, v. t. To expend lavishly. Ld. Lytton.

                                  Prodigally

   Prod"i*gal*ly,  adv.  In a prodigal manner; with profusion of expense;
   extravagantly; wasteful; profusely; lavishly; as, an estate prodigally
   dissipated.

     Nature  not bounteous now, but lavish grows; Our paths with flowers
     she prodigally strows. Dryden.

                                   Prodigate

   Prod"i*gate (?), v. t. To squander. Thackeray.

                                  Prodigence

   Prod"i*gence  (?),  n.  [L.  prodigentia,  fr.  prodigens,  p.  pr. of
   prodigere.  See  Prodigal.  ]  Waste; profusion; prodigality. [R.] Bp.
   Hall.

                                  Prodigious

   Pro*di"gious  (?), a. [L. prodigiosus, fr. prodigium a prodigy; cf. F.
   prodigieux. See Prodigy.]

   1. Of the nature of a prodigy; marvelous; wonderful; portentous. [Obs.
   or R.] Spenser.

     It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear sky. Sir T. Browne.

   2.  Extraordinary  in  bulk,  extent, quantity, or degree; very great;
   vast; huge; immense; as, a prodigious mountain; a prodigious creature;
   a  prodigious  blunder.  "Prodigious  might."  Milton.  Syn.  -- Huge;
   enormous;  monstrous;  portentous;  marvelous;  amazing;  astonishing;
   extraordinary.

                                 Prodigiously

   Pro*di"gious*ly, adv.

   1. Enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; as, prodigiously great.

   2.  Very  much;  extremely; as, he was prodigiously pleased. [Colloq.]
   Pope.

                                Prodigiousness

   Pro*di"gious*ness,  n.  The  quality or state of being prodigious; the
   state   of  having  qualities  that  excite  wonder  or  astonishment;
   enormousness; vastness.

                                    Prodigy

   Prod"i*gy  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prodigies (#). [ L. prodigium; pro before +
   (perh.)  a word appearing in adagium adage: cf. F. prodige. Cf. Adage.
   ]

   1. Something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature, from
   which  omens  are  drawn;  a  portent;  as,  eclipses and meteors were
   anciently deemed prodigies.

     So  many  terrors,  voices,  prodigies,  May  warn  thee, as a sure
     foregoing sign. Milton.

   2.  Anything  so  extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; a
   marvel; as, a prodigy of learning.

   3.  A  production  out  of  ordinary  course  of  nature;  an abnormal
   development;  a  monster. B. Jonson. Syn. -- Wonder; miracle; portent;
   marvel; monster.

                                   Prodition

   Pro*di"tion  (?), n. [L. proditio, from prodere to give forth, betray:
   cf. OF. prodition.] Disclosure; treachery; treason. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

                                    Proitor

   Pro"i*tor (?), n. [L.] A traitor. [Obs.]

                                 Proditorious

   Prod`i*to"ri*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF. proditoire.]

   1. Treacherous; perfidious; traitorous. [Obs.] Daniel.

   2.   Apt   to   make   unexpected   revelations.   [Obs.]  "Nature  is
   proditorious." Sir H. Wotton.

                                   Proditory

   Prod"i*to*ry (?), a. Treacherous. [Obs.]

                                   Prodromal

   Prod"ro*mal  (?),  a.  (Med.)  Of  or pertaining to prodromes; as, the
   prodromal stage of a disease.

                                   Prodrome

   Pro"drome (?), n. [Gr. prodrome.] A forerunner; a precursor.

                                  Prodromous

   Prod"ro*mous (?), a. Precursory. [R.]

                                   Prodromus

   Prod"ro*mus (?), n. [NL.]

   1. A prodrome.

   2.  A preliminary course or publication; -- used esp. in the titles of
   elementary works.

                                    Produce

   Pro*duce"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Produced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Producing  (?).]  [L.  producere,  productum, to bring forward, beget,
   produce; pro forward, forth + ducere to lead. See Duke.]

   1.  To  bring  forward;  to lead forth; to offer to view or notice; to
   exhibit; to show; as, to produce a witness or evidence in court.

     Produce your cause, saith the Lord. Isa. xli. 21.

     Your parents did not produce you much into the world. Swift.

   2.  To  bring  forth,  as young, or as a natural product or growth; to
   give  birth  to;  to  bear;  to  generate;  to propagate; to yield; to
   furnish; as, the earth produces grass; trees produce fruit; the clouds
   produce rain.

     This soil produces all sorts of palm trees. Sandys.

     [They] produce prodigious births of body or mind. Milton.

     The greatest jurist his country had produced. Macaulay.

   3.  To cause to be or to happen; to originate, as an effect or result;
   to bring about; as, disease produces pain; vice produces misery.

   4.  To  give  being  or  form  to;  to  manufacture;  to  make;  as, a
   manufacturer produces excellent wares.

   5.  To  yield  or  furnish; to gain; as, money at interest produces an
   income; capital produces profit.

   6.  To  draw out; to extend; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to produce a
   man's life to threescore. Sir T. Browne.

   7.  (Geom.) To extend; -- applied to a line, surface, or solid; as, to
   produce a side of a triangle.

                                    Produce

   Pro*duce",  v.  i.  To  yield or furnish appropriate offspring, crops,
   effects, consequences, or results.

                                    Produce

   Prod"uce  (?;  277),  n.  That  which  is  produced, brought forth, or
   yielded;  product;  yield;  proceeds;  result  of labor, especially of
   agricultural labors; hence, specifically, agricultural products.

                                  Producement

   Pro*duce"ment (?), n. Production. [Obs.]

                                   Producent

   Pro*du"cent (?), n. [L. producens, p. pr.] One who produces, or offers
   to notice. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

                                   Producer

   Pro*du"cer (?), n.

   1. One who produces, brings forth, or generates.

   2.   One  who  grows  agricultural  products,  or  manufactures  crude
   materials into articles of use.

   3. (Iron & Steel Manuf.) A furnace for producing combustible gas which
   is used for fuel.

                                 Producibility

   Pro*du`ci*bil"i*ty  (?),  n. The quality or state of being producible.
   Barrow.

                                  Producible

   Pro*du"ci*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being produced, brought forward,
   brought forth, generated, made, or extended. -- Pro*du"ci*ble*ness, n.

                                    Product

   Prod"uct (?), n. [L. productus, p. pr. of producere. See Produce.]

   1.  Anything  that  is  produced, whether as the result of generation,
   growth,  labor, or thought, or by the operation of involuntary causes;
   as,  the  products  of  the  season,  or  of the farm; the products of
   manufactures; the products of the brain.

     There are the product Of those ill-mated marriages. Milton.

     These institutions are the products of enthusiasm. Burke.

   2. (Math.) The number or sum obtained by adding one number or quantity
   to  itself  as  many  times  as there are units in another number; the
   number  resulting  from the multiplication of two or more numbers; as,
   the  product  of  the  multiplication of 7 by 5 is 35. In general, the
   result   of   any   kind   of   multiplication.  See  the  Note  under
   Multiplication.  Syn.  --  Produce; production; fruit; result; effect;
   consequence; outcome; work; performance.

                                    Product

   Pro*duct" (?), v. t.

   1.  To  produce;  to  bring forward. "Producted to . . . examination."
   [Obs.] Foxe.

   2. To lengthen out; to extend. [Obs.]

     He that doth much . . . products his mortality. Hackett.

   3. To produce; to make. [Obs.] Holinshed.

                                Productibility

   Pro*duct`i*bil"i*ty   (?),   n.   The   state  of  being  productible;
   producibility. Ruskin.

                                  Productible

   Pro*duct"i*ble   (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  productible.]  Capable  of  being
   produced; producible.

                                  Productile

   Pro*duc"tile  (?),  a. [L. productilis, fr. producere to stretch out.]
   Capable of being extended or prolonged; extensible; ductile.

                                  Production

   Pro*duc"tion  (?),  n. [L. productio a lengthening, prolonging: cf. F.
   production. See Produce. ]

   1.  The  act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to
   view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness.

   2.  That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by
   the  application of intelligence and labor; as, the productions of the
   earth;  the productions of handicraft; the productions of intellect or
   genius.

   3. The act of lengthening out or prolonging. Syn. -- Product; produce;
   fruit; work; performance; composition.

                                  Productive

   Pro*duc"tive   (?),   a.   [F.   productif,  L.  productivus  fit  for
   prolongation.]

   1.  Having  the  quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing
   results;  as,  productive  soil;  productive  enterprises;  productive
   labor, that which increases the number or amount of products.

   2.  Bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; as,
   an  age  productive  of  great  men;  a  spirit  productive  of heroic
   achievements.

     And kindle with thy own productive fire. Dryden.

     This  is turning nobility into a principle of virtue, and making it
     productive of merit. Spectator.

   3.   Producing,  or  able  to  produce,  in  large  measure;  fertile;
   profitable. -- Pro*duc"tive*ly, adv. -- Pro*duc"tive*ness, n.

                                 Productivity

   Pro`duc*tiv"i*ty  (?),  n.  The  quality or state of being productive;
   productiveness. Emerson.

     Not  indeed  as  the  product,  but  as  the  producing  power, the
     productivity. Coleridge.

                                  Productress

   Pro*duc"tress (?), n. A female producer.

                                   Productus

   Pro*duc"tus  (?),  n. [NL. See Product.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
   brachiopods, very characteristic of the Carboniferous rocks.

                                  Proeguminal

   Pro`e*gu"mi*nal  (?),  a.  [Gr.  pro\'82gum\'8ane.]  (Med.) Serving to
   predispose; predisposing; as, a proeguminal cause of disease.

                                     Proem

   Pro"em  (?),  n. [L. prooemium, Gr. pro\'8ame.] Preface; introduction;
   preliminary observations; prelude.

     Thus much may serve by way of proem. Swift.

                                     Proem

   Pro"em, v. t. To preface. [Obs.] South.

                                   Proembryo

   Pro*em"bry*o  (?), n. [Pref. pro- + embryo. ] (Bot.) (a) The series of
   cells  formed  in  the ovule of a flowering plant after fertilization,
   but  before  the  formation of the embryo. (b) The primary growth from
   the  spore  in  certain  cryptogamous  plants;  as,  the proembryo, or
   protonema, of mosses.

                                   Proemial

   Pro*e"mi*al   (?),   a.  Introductory;  prefatory;  preliminary.  [R.]
   Hammond.

                                  Proemptosis

   Pro`emp*to"sis  (?),  n. [NL., from Gr. (Chron.) The addition of a day
   to the lunar calendar. [R.] See Metemptosis.

                                    Proface

   Pro"face  (?), interj. [OF. prou face, prou fasse; prou profit + faire
   to  make,  do.]  Much  good may it do you! -- a familiar salutation or
   welcome. [Obs.]

     Master page, good master page, sit. Proface! Shak.

                                   Profanate

   Prof"a*nate (?), v. t. To profane. [Obs.]

                                  Profanation

   Prof`a*na"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  profanatio:  cf.  F.  profanation.  See
   Profane, v. t.]

   1.  The  act  of  violating  sacred  things,  or of treating them with
   contempt  or  irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use
   of  what  is  sacred; desecration; as, the profanation of the Sabbath;
   the profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of God.

   2.  The  act  of  treating  with  abuse  or  disrespect, or with undue
   publicity, or lack of delicacy.

     'T were profanation of our joys To tell the laity our love. Donne.

                                    Profane

   Pro*fane"  (?),  a. [F., fr. L. profanus, properly, before the temple,
   i.  e., without the temple, unholy; pro before + fanum temple. See 1st
   Fane.]

   1.   Not   sacred   or   holy;   not   possessing  peculiar  sanctity;
   unconsecrated;  hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular;
   --  opposed  to  sacred,  religious, or inspired; as, a profane place.
   "Profane authors." I. Disraeli.

     The profane wreath was suspended before the shrine. Gibbon.

   2. Unclean; impure; polluted; unholy.

     Nothing is profane that serveth to holy things. Sir W. Raleigh.

   3.  Treating  sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or
   undue   familiarity;   irreverent;   impious.   Hence,   specifically;
   Irreverent  in  language;  taking  the  name  of God in vain; given to
   swearing;  blasphemous; as, a profane person, word, oath, or tongue. 1
   Tim.   i.   9.  Syn.  --  Secular;  temporal;  worldly;  unsanctified;
   unhallowed; unholy; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; wicked; godless;
   impious. See Impious.

                                    Profane

   Pro*fane",  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Profaned  (?);  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Profaning.] [L. profanare: cf. F. profaner. See Profane, a.]

   1.  To  violate, as anything sacred; to treat with abuse, irreverence,
   obloquy,  or  contempt;  to  desecrate; to pollute; as, to profane the
   name of God; to profane the Scriptures, or the ordinance of God.

     The priests in the temple profane the sabbath. Matt. xii. 5.

   2. To put to a wrong or unworthy use; to make a base employment of; to
   debase; to abuse; to defile.

     So idly to profane the precious time. Shak.

                                   Profanely

   Pro*fane"ly, adv. In a profane manner.

     The character of God profanely impeached. Dr. T. Dwight.

                                  Profaneness

   Pro*fane"ness,  n.  The quality or state of being profane; especially,
   the use of profane language.

                                   Profaner

   Pro*fan"er  (?),  n. One who treats sacred things with irreverence, or
   defiles what is holy; one who uses profane language. Hooker.

                                   Profanity

   Pro*fan"i*ty (?), n. [L. profanitas.]

   1.  The  quality  or state of being profane; profaneness; irreverence;
   esp., the use of profane language; blasphemy.

   2. That which is profane; profane language or acts.

     The brisk interchange of profanity and folly. Buckminster.

                                  Profection

   Pro*fec"tion (?), n. [See Proficient.] A setting out; a going forward;
   advance; progression. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                 Profectitious

   Pro`fec*ti"tious  (?), a. [L. profectitius, fr. proficisci to set out,
   proceed.]  Proceeding  from,  as  from  a  parent; derived, as from an
   ancestor. [R.]

     The  threefold  distinction  of  profectitious,  adventitious,  and
     professional was ascertained. Gibbon.

                                    Profert

   Pro"fert (?), n. [L., he brings forward, 3d pers. pr. of proferre. See
   Proffer.  ] (Law) The exhibition or production of a record or paper in
   open court, or an allegation that it is in court.

                                    Profess

   Pro*fess"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Professed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Professing.]  [F. prof\'8as, masc., professe, fem., professed (monk or
   nun), L. professus, p. p. of profiteri to profess; pro before, forward
   + fateri to confess, own. See Confess.]

   1. To make open declaration of, as of one's knowledge, belief, action,
   etc.;  to  avow  or  acknowledge; to confess publicly; to own or admit
   freely. "Hear me profess sincerely." Shak.

     The  best  and wisest of them all professed To know this only, that
     he nothing knew. Milton.
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   Page 1144

   2.  To  set  up  a  claim to; to make presence to; hence, to put on or
   present an appearance of.

     I do profess to be no less than I seem. Shak.

   3.  To  present  to knowledge of, to proclaim one's self versed in; to
   make  one's  self  a  teacher  or  practitioner  of,  to  set up as an
   authority  respecting;  to  declare  (one's  self  to be such); as, he
   professes surgery; to profess one's self a physician.

                                    Profess

   Pro*fess" (?), v. i.

   1.  To  take  a profession upon one's self by a public declaration; to
   confess. Drayton.

   2. To declare friendship. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Provessel

   Pro*vessel" (?), a. Openly declared, avowed, acknowledged, or claimed;
   as,  a  professed  foe; a professed tyrant; a professed Christian. The
   professed  (R.  C. Ch.) , a certain class among the Jesuits bound by a
   special vow. See the note under Jesuit.

                                  Professedly

   Pro*fess"ed*ly (?), adv. By profession.

                                  Profession

   Pro*fes"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. professio. See Profess, v.]

   1.  The act of professing or claiming; open declaration; public avowal
   or  acknowledgment;  as,  professions  of  friendship; a profession of
   faith.

     A solemn vow, promise, and profession. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

   2.  That  which  one professed; a declaration; an avowal; a claim; as,
   his professions are insincere.

     The  Indians  quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction
     between professions and conduct. J. Morse.

   3.  That  of  which  one  professed  knowledge; the occupation, if not
   mechanical,  agricultural,  or  the  like,  to which one devotes one's
   self;  the  business  which one professes to understand, and to follow
   for  subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as, the profession of
   arms;  the  profession  of  a  clergyman,  lawyer,  or  physician; the
   profession of lecturer on chemistry.

     Hi tried five or six professions in turn. Macaulay.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e th ree pr ofessions, or learned professions, are,
     especially, theology, law, and medicine.

   4.  The  collective  body  of  persons  engaged  in a calling; as, the
   profession distrust him.

   5.  (Eccl.  Law.)  The  act  of  entering,  or becoming a member of, a
   religious order.

                                 Professional

   Pro*fes"sion*al (?), a.

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to a profession, or calling; conforming to the
   rules  or  standards  of  a  profession;  following  a profession; as,
   professional  knowledge;  professional  conduct. "Pride, not personal,
   but professional." Macaulay. "A professional sneerer." De Quincey.

   2. Engaged in by professionals; as, a professional race; -- opposed to
   amateur.

                                 Professional

   Pro*fes"sion*al,  n.  A person who prosecutes anything professionally,
   or  for  a  livelihood,  and  not  in  the  character of an amateur; a
   professional worker.

                                Professionalism

   Pro*fes"sion*al*ism  (?),  n.  The  following  of a profession, sport,
   etc., as an occupation; -- opposed to amateurism.

                                Professionalist

   Pro*fes"sion*al*ist, n. professional person. [R.]

                                Professionally

   Pro*fes"sion*al*ly,  adv.  In  a  professional  manner or capacity; by
   profession  or  calling;  in  the  exercise  of  one's profession; one
   employed professionally.

                                   Professor

   Pro*fess"or  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  teacher,  a  public  teacher:  cf.  F.
   professeur. See Profess.]

   1.  One who professed, or makes open declaration of, his sentiments or
   opinions;  especially,  one who makes a public avowal of his belief in
   the Scriptures and his faith in Christ, and thus unites himself to the
   visible church. "Professors of religion." Bacon.

   2.  One  who  professed, or publicly teaches, any science or branch of
   learning;  especially,  an  officer in a university, college, or other
   seminary, whose business it is to read lectures, or instruct students,
   in  a  particular  branch  of learning; as a professor of theology, of
   botany, of mathematics, or of political economy.

                                 Professorial

   Pro`fes*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. professorius: cf. F. professorial.] Of or
   pertaining  to  a  professor; as, the professional chair; professional
   interest.

                                Professorialism

   Pro`fes*so"ri*al*ism  (?),  n.  The character, manners, or habits of a
   professor. [R.]

                                 Professoriat

   Pro`fes*so"ri*at (?), n. See Professoriate.

                                 Professoriate

   Pro`fes*so"ri*ate (?), n.

   1.  The body of professors, or the professorial staff, in a university
   or college.

   2. A professorship.

                                 Professorship

   Pro*fess"or*ship  (?),  n.  The  office or position of a professor, or
   public teacher. Walton.

                                  Professory

   Pro*fes"so*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  professorius.]  Of  or  pertaining  to a
   professor; professorial. [R.] Bacon.

                                    Proffer

   Prof"fer  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Proffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Proffering.]  [OE.  profren, proferen, F. prof\'82rer, fr. L. proferre
   to bring forth or forward, to offer; pro forward + ferre to bring. See
   Bear to produce.]

   1.  To  offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to make a tender of;
   as,  to  proffer  a  gift; to proffer services; to proffer friendship.
   Shak.

     I reck not what wrong that thou me profre. Chaucer.

   2.  To  essay or attempt of one's own accord; to undertake, or propose
   to undertake. [R.] Milton.

                                    Proffer

   Prof"fer, n.

   1.  An  offer  made;  something  proposed for acceptance by another; a
   tender; as, proffers of peace or friendship.

     He made a proffer to lay down his commission. Clarendon.

   2. Essay; attempt. [R.] Bacon.

                                   Profferer

   Prof"fer*er (?), n. One who proffers something.

                           Proficience, Proficiency

   Pro*fi"cience  (?),  Pro*fi"cien*cy  (?),  n.  The quality of state of
   being  proficient;  advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or
   knowledge;  progression  in  knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to
   acquire proficiency in music.

                                  Proficient

   Pro*fi"cient (?), n. [L. proficiens, -entis, p. pr. of proficere to go
   forward,  make  progress;  pro forward + facere to make. See Fact, and
   cf.  Profit, ( One who has made considerable advances in any business,
   art,  science,  or  branch  of  learning;  an  expert;  an  adept; as,
   proficient in a trade; a proficient in mathematics, music, etc.

                                  Proficient

   Pro*fi"cient  (?),  a.  Well  advanced  in  any branch of knowledge or
   skill;  possessed  of considerable acquirements; well-skilled; versed;
   adept,

                                 Proficiently

   Pro*fi"cient*ly, adv. In a proficient manner.

                                  Proficuous

   Pro*fic"u*ous   (?),  a.  [L.  proficuus.]  Profitable;  advantageous;
   useful. [Obs.] Harvey.

                                    Profile

   Pro"file  (?), n. [It. profilo, fr. L. pro before + filum a thread, an
   outline,  shape: cf. F. profil. See File arow, and cf. Purfle, Purl, a
   fringe.]

   1. An outline, or contour; as, the profile of an apple.

   2.  (Paint  &  Sculp.) A human head represented sidewise, or in a side
   view; the side face or half face.

   3.  (a) (Arch.) A section of any member, made at right angles with its
   main  lines,  showing  the  exact  shape of moldings and the like. (b)
   (Civil  Engin.)  A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground
   along  a  surveyed  line,  or  graded  work,  as of a railway, showing
   elevations,  depressions,  grades,  etc.  <-- 4. a short biography. 5.
   [NW10]  a  set  of  data,  often  in  graphical  form, describing some
   significant features of something (e.g. a person, corporation); esp. a
   graph  showing  the results of tests ot some attribute of a person. 6.
   public  notice,  used  esp.  in  the  phrase  "(keep/maintain)  a  low
   profile", i.e. avoid public notice, avoid publicity. -->
   Profile paper (Civil Engin.), paper ruled with vertical and horizontal
   lines   forming   small   oblong   rectangles,   adapted  for  drawing
   profiles.<-- = graph paper? -->

                                    Profile

   Pro"file, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Profiling]
   [Cf. F. profiler, It. profilare. See Profile, n.]

   1.  to  draw  the  outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural
   member.

   2.  (Mech.)  To  shape  the  outline  of an object by passing a cutter
   around it.
   Profiling machine, a jigging machine.

                                   Profiling

   Pro"fil*ing,  n.  (Fort.)  In  the  construction  of  fieldworks,  the
   erection  at  proper  intervals  of  wooden  profiles,  to show to the
   workmen the sectional form of the parapets at those points.

                                   Profilist

   Pro"fil*ist, n. One who takes profiles.

                                    Profit

   Pro"fit  (?),  n. [F., fr. L. profectus advance, progress, profit, fr.
   profectum. See Proficient.]

   1.  Acquisition  beyond  expenditure;  excess  of  value  received for
   producing,  keeping,  or  selling, over cost; hence, pecuniary gain in
   any  transaction or occupation; emolument; as, a profit on the sale of
   goods.

     Let no man anticipate uncertain profits. Rambler.

   2.  Accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit;
   avail; gain; as, an office of profit,

     This I speak for your own profit. 1 Cor. vii. 35.

     If you dare do yourself a profit and a right. Shak.

   Syn.  --  Benefit;  avail;  service;  improvement;  advancement; gain;
   emolument.

                                    Profit

   Prof"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profited; p. pr. & vb. n. Profiting.] [F.
   profiter.  See Profit, n.] To be of service to; to be good to; to help
   on;  to benefit; to advantage; to avail; to aid; as, truth profits all
   men.

     The word preached did not profit them. Heb. iv. 2.

     It  is  a  great  means  of  profiting yourself, to copy diligently
     excellent pieces and beautiful designs. Dryden.

                                    Profit

   Prof"it, v. i.

   1.  To  gain  advantage;  to make improvement; to improve; to gain; to
   advance.

     I profit not by thy talk. Shak.

   2. To be of use or advantage; to do or bring good.

     Riches profit not in the day of wrath. Prov. xi. 4.

                                  Profitable

   Prof"it*a*ble  (?), a. [F. profitable.] Yielding or bringing profit or
   gain;  gainful;  lucrative; useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial;
   as,  a  profitable  trade;  profitable business; a profitable study or
   profession.

     What  was  so profitable to the empire became fatal to the emperor.
     Arbuthnot.

   -- Prof"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Prof"it*a*bly, adv.

                                   Profiting

   Prof"it*ing, n. Gain; advantage; profit.

     That thy profiting may appear to all. 1 Tim. iv. 15.

                                  Profitless

   Prof"it*less, a. Without profit; unprofitable. Shak.

                                  Profligacy

   Prof"li*ga*cy  (?),  n.  [See  Profligate, a.] The quality of state of
   being profligate; a profligate or very vicious course of life; a state
   of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice; dissoluteness.

                                  Profligate

   Prof"li*gate (?), a. [L. profligatus, p. p. of profligare to strike or
   dash to the ground, to destroy; pro before + a word akin to fligere to
   strike. See Afflict.]

   1. Overthrown; beaten; conquered. [Obs.]

     The foe is profligate, and run. Hudibras.

   2. Broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or decency;
   openly  and  shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; as, profligate
   man or wretch.

     A race more profligate than we. Roscommon.

     Made prostitute and profligate muse. Dryden.

   Syn.  --  Abandoned;  corrupt; dissolute; vitiated; depraved; vicious;
   wicked. See Abandoned.

                                  Profligate

   Prof"li*gate,  n.  An  abandoned  person;  one  openly and shamelessly
   vicious; a dissolute person. "Such a profligate as Antony." Swift.

                                  Profligate

   Prof"li*gate (?), v. t. To drive away; to overcome.

     NOTE: [A Latinism]

   [Obs.] Harvey.

                                 Profligately

   Prof"li*gate*ly (?), adv. In a profligate manner.

                                Profligateness

   Prof"li*gate*ness,  n.  The  quality of being profligate; an abandoned
   course of life; profligacy.

                                 Profligation

   Prof`li*ga"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  profligatio.] Defeat; rout; overthrow.
   [Obs.] Bacon.

                                  Profluence

   Prof"lu*ence  (?),  n.  [L.  profluentia.] Quality of being profluent;
   course. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

                                   Profluent

   Prof"lu*ent  (?), a. [L. profluens, p. pr. of profluere; pro forward +
   fluere  to  flow.]  Flowing  forward,  [R.] "In the profluent stream."
   Milton.

                                   Profound

   Pro*found", a. [F. profond, L. profundus; pro before, forward + fundus
   the bottom. See Found to establish, Bottom lowest part.]

   1.  Descending  far  below the surface; opening or reaching to a great
   depth; deep. "A gulf profound." Milton.

   2.  Intellectually  deep;  entering far into subjects; reaching to the
   bottom  of  a  matter,  or  of  a  branch of learning; thorough; as, a
   profound  investigation  or  treatise;  a  profound  scholar; profound
   wisdom.

   3.  Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading; overmastering;
   far-reaching;  strongly  impressed;  as,  a  profound sleep. "Profound
   sciatica." Shak.

     Of  the  profound  corruption  of this class there can be no doubt.
     Milman.

   4.  Bending  low,  exhibiting  or  expressing  deep  humility;  lowly;
   submissive; as, a profound bow.

     What humble gestures! What profound reverence! Dupp

                                   Profound

   Pro*found" (?), n.

   1. The deep; the sea; the ocean.

     God  in  the  fathomless  profound  Hath all this choice commanders
     drowned. Sandys.

   2. An abyss. Milton.

                                   Profound

   Pro*found",  v.  t.  To  cause  to  sink  deeply;  to cause to dive or
   penetrate far down. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

                                   Profound

   Pro*found", v. i. To dive deeply; to penetrate. [Obs.]

                                  Profoundly

   Pro*found"ly, adv. In a profound manner.

     Why sigh you so profoundly? Shak.

                                 Profoundness

   Pro*found"ness, n. The quality or state of being profound; profundity;
   depth. Hooker.

                                  Profulgent

   Pro*ful"gent  (?),  a.  [Pref.  pro-  +  L. fulgere to shine.] Shining
   forth;  brilliant;  effulgent.  [Obs.]  "Profulgent  in preciousness."
   Chaucer.

                                  Profundity

   Pro*fun"di*ty  (?),  n.;  pl.  -ties  (#).  [L.  profunditas:  cf.  F.
   profondite.  See  Profound.]  The  quality or state of being profound;
   depth   of  place,  knowledge,  feeling,  etc.  "The  vast  profundity
   obscure." Milton.

                                    Profuse

   Pro*fuse"  (?),  a. [L. profusus, p. p. of profundere to pour forth or
   out;  pro forward, forth + fundere to pour: cf. F. profus. See Fuse to
   melt.]

   1.  Pouring  forth with fullness or exuberance; bountiful; exceedingly
   liberal;  giving  without  stint;  as,  a  profuse government; profuse
   hospitality.

     A green, shady bank, profuse of flowers. Milton.

   2.   Superabundant;   excessive;   prodigal;   lavish;   as,   profuse
   expenditure.  "Profuse  ornament."  Kames.  Syn. -- Lavish; exuberant;
   bountiful;   prodigal;  extravagant.  --  Profuse,  Lavish,  Prodigal.
   Profuse  denotes  pouring  out (as money, etc.) with great fullness or
   freeness;  as,  profuse  in  his  expenditures, thanks, promises, etc.
   Lavish  is  stronger,  implying  unnecessary  or  wasteful excess; as,
   lavish  of  his  bounties,  favors, praises, etc. Prodigal is stronger
   still,  denoting  unmeasured  or  reckless  profusion; as, prodigal of
   one's strength, life, or blood, to secure some object. Dryden.

                                    Profuse

   Pro*fuse"  (?),  v.  t.  To  pour  out; to give or spend liberally; to
   lavish; to squander. [Obs.] Chapman.

                                   Profusely

   Pro*fuse"ly (?), adv. In a profuse manner.

                                  Profuseness

   Pro*fuse"ness, n. Extravagance; profusion.

     Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profuseness. Atterbury.

                                   Profusion

   Pro*fu"sion (?), n. [L. profusio: cf. F. profusion.]

   1.  The  act of one who is profuse; a lavishing or pouring out without
   sting.

     Thy vast profusion to the factious nobles? Rowe.

   2.  Abundance;  exuberant  plenty;  lavish  supply; as, a profusion of
   commodities. Addison.

                                   Profusive

   Pro*fu"sive (?), a. Profuse; lavish; prodigal.[Obs.]

                                     Prog

   Prog  (?),  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Progged (. p. pr. & vb. n. Progging.]
   [Cf.  D.  prachen,  G.  prachern,  Dan. prakke, Sw. pracka, to beg, L.
   procare, procari, to ask, demand, and E. prowl.]

   1.  To  wander  about  and  beg; to seek food or other supplies by low
   arts; to seek for advantage by mean shift or tricks. [Low]

     A perfect artist in progging for money. Fuller.

     I have been endeavoring to prog for you. Burke.

   2. To steal; to rob; to filch. [Low] Johnson.

   3. To prick; to goad; to progue. [Scot.]

                                     Prog

   Prog, n.

   1.  Victuals  got by begging, or vagrancy; victuals of any kind; food;
   supplies. [Slang] Swift.

     So long as he picked from the filth his prog. R. Browning.

   2. A vagrant beggar; a tramp. [Slang]

   3. A goal; progue. [Scot.]

                                  Progenerate

   Pro*gen"er*ate  (?),  v.  t. [L. progeneratus, p. p. of progenerare to
   beget;  pro  forth,  forward  +  generare  to  generate.] To beget; to
   generate;  to  produce;  to procreate; as, to progenerate a race. [R.]
   Landor.

                                 Progeneration

   Pro*gen`er*a"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  progeneratio.] The act of begetting;
   propagation. [R.]

                                  Progenitor

   Pro*gen"i*tor (?), n. [OF. progeniteur, L. progenitor, fr. progignere,
   progenitum,  to  bring  forth, to beget; pro forth + gignere to beget.
   See Gender kind.] An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.

     And reverence thee their great progenitor. Milton.

                                Progenitorship

   Pro*gen"i*tor*ship, n. The state of being a progenitor.

                                 Progenitress

   Pro*gen"i*tress (?), n. A female progenitor.

                                  Progeniture

   Pro*gen"i*ture  (?),  n.  [F.  prog\'82niture.] A begetting, or birth.
   [R.]

                                    Progeny

   Prog"e*ny (?), n. [OE. progenie, F. prog\'82nie, fr. L. progenies, fr.
   progignere.  See  Progenitor.]  Descendants  of  the  human  kind,  or
   offspring  of  other  animals;  children;  offspring; race, lineage. "
   Issued from the progeny of kings." Shak.

                                  Proglottid

   Pro*glot"tid (?), n. (Zo\'94l) Proglottis.

                                  Proglottis

   Pro*glot"tis (?), n.; pl. Proglottides (#). [NL. fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l) One
   of  the free, or nearly free, segments of a tapeworm. It contains both
   male  and  female  reproductive  organs,  and  is  capable  of a brief
   independent existence.

                                   Prognathi

   Prog"na*thi   (?),   n.   pl.   [NL.  See  Prognathous.]  (Zo\'94l)  A
   comprehensive  group of mankind, including those that have prognathous
   jaws.

                                  Prognathic

   Prog*nath"ic, a. (Anat.) Prognathous.

                                  Prognathism

   Prog"na*thism  (?),  n. (Anat.) Projection of the jaws. -- Prog"na*thy
   (#), n. <-- why not a dual-headword here? -->

                                  Prognathous

   Prog"na*thous  (?),  a. [Gr. (Anat.) Having the jaws projecting beyond
   the  upper  part of the face; -- opposed to orthognathous. See Gnathic
   index, under Gnathic.

     Their countenances had the true prognathous character. Kane.
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                                    Progne

   Prog"ne  (?),  n.  [L., a swallow, traditionally said to be fr. Progne
   (The  sister  of  Philomela),  who  was  changed  into  a swallow, Gr.
   (Zo\'94l.) (a) A swallow. (b) A genus of swallows including the purple
   martin.  See Martin. (c) An American butterfly (Polygonia, OR Vanessa,
   Progne).  It  is  orange  and  black  above,  grayish beneath, with an
   L-shaped silver mark on the hind wings. Called also gray comma.

                                   Prognosis

   Prog*no"sis  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  Gr.  Know.] (Med.) The act or art of
   foretelling the course and termination of a disease; also, the outlook
   afforded  by this act of judgment; as, the prognosis of hydrophobia is
   bad.

                                  Prosnostic

   Pros*nos"tic  (?),  a. [Gr. Prognosis.] Indicating something future by
   signs   or   symptoms;  foreshowing;  aiding  in  prognosis;  as,  the
   prognostic symptoms of a disease; prognostic signs.

                                  Prognostic

   Prog*nos"tic,  n.  [L.  prognosticum,  Gr.  pronostic, prognostic. See
   Prognostic, a.]

   1.  That  which  prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be
   known   or   foretold;  an  indication;  a  sign  or  omen;  hence,  a
   foretelling; a prediction.

     That  choice  would  inevitably  be  considered by the country as a
     prognostic of the highest import. Macaulay.

   2. (Med.) A sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a
   disease. Parr. Syn. -- Sign; omen; presage; token; indication.

                                  Prognostic

   Prog*nos"tic, v. t. To prognosticate. [Obs.]

                                Prognosticable

   Prog*nos"tic*a*ble   (?),   a.  Capable  of  being  prognosticated  or
   foretold. Sir T. Browne.

                                 Prognosticate

   Prog*nos"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prognosticated (?); p. pr. &
   vb.  n.  Prognosticating.] [See Prognostic.] To indicate as future; to
   foretell from signs or symptoms; to prophesy; to foreshow; to predict;
   as, to prognosticate evil. Burke.

     I  neither  will nor can prognosticate To the young gaping heir his
     father's fate. Dryden.

   Syn.  --  To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; presage; predict;
   prophesy.

                                Prognostication

   Prog*nos`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prognostication.]

   1.  The  act of foreshowing or foretelling something future by present
   signs; prediction.

   2. That which foreshows; a foretoken. Shak.

                                Prognosticator

   Prog*nos"ti*ca`tor  (?),  n.  One  who prognosticates; a foreknower or
   foreteller  of  a future course or event by present signs. Isa. xlvii.
   13.

                                    Program

   Pro"gram (?), n. Same as Programme.

                                   Programma

   Pro*gram"ma (?), n.; pl. Programmata (#). [ L. See Programme.]

   1.  (Gr.  Antiq.)  Any  law,  which,  after it had passed the Athenian
   senate,  was fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its
   being proposed to the general assembly of the people.

   2.  An edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a
   public proclamation.

   3. See Programme.

   4. A preface. [Obs.] T. Warton.

                                   Programme

   Pro"gramme (?), n. [L. programma a public proclamation, manifesto, Gr.
   programme.  See Graphic.] That which is written or printed as a public
   notice  or  advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus; especially, a brief
   outline  or  explanation  of  the order to be pursued, or the subjects
   embraced,  in  any  public  exercise, performance, or entertainment; a
   preliminary  sketch.  Programme music (Mus.), descriptive instrumental
   music  which  requires an argument or programme to explain the meaning
   of its several movements.

                                   Progress

   Prog"ress   (?;   277),  n.  [L.  progressus,  from  progredi,  p.  p.
   progressus,  to  go forth or forward; pro forward + gradi to step, go:
   cf.  F.  progr\'8as.  See  Grade.]  <--  each subdefinition implicitly
   begins with "a moving forward . . . " -->

   1.  A  moving  or  going  forward;  a  proceeding  onward; an advance;
   specifically:  (a)  In  actual  space,  as  the  progress  of  a ship,
   carriage,  etc. (b) In the growth of an animal or plant; increase. (c)
   In  business  of  any  kind;  as,  the  progress of a negotiation; the
   progress of art. (d) In knowledge; in proficiency; as, the progress of
   a  child  at  school.  (e)  Toward ideal completeness or perfection in
   respect   of   quality   or  condition;  --  applied  to  individuals,
   communities,  or  the race; as, social, moral, religious, or political
   progress.

   2.  A journey of state; a circuit; especially, one made by a sovereign
   through parts of his own dominions.

     The king being returned from his progresse. Evelyn.

   <-- sic. -->

                                   Progress

   Pro*gress"  (?;  formerly pronounced like Progress, n.), v. i. [imp. &
   p. p. Progressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Progressing.]

   1.  To  make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in
   course;   to  proceed;  to  advance;  to  go  on;  as,  railroads  are
   progressing. "As his recovery progressed." Thackeray.

     Let  me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on
     thy checks. Shak.

     They  progress  in  that  style  in  proportion as their pieces are
     treated with contempt. Washington.

     The war had progressed for some time. Marshall.

   2. To make improvement; to advance. Bayard.

     If man progresses, art must progress too. Caird.

                                   Progress

   Prog"ress (?; see Progress, v. i.), v. t. To make progress in; to pass
   through. [Obs.] Milton.

                                  Progression

   Pro*gres"sion (?), n. [L. progressio: cf. F. progression.]

   1. The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onward.

   2. Course; passage; lapse or process of time.

     I  hope, in a short progression, you will be wholly immerged in the
     delices and joys of religion. Evelyn.

   3.  (Math.) Regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of
   numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonic.

   4. (Mus.) A regular succession of tones or chords; the movement of the
   parts  in harmony; the order of the modulations in a piece from key to
   key.
   Arithmetical progression, a progression in which the terms increase or
   decrease  by equal differences, as the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 1010, 8, 6,
   4, 2 by the difference 2. -- Geometrical progression, a progression in
   which  the  terms increase or decrease by equal ratios, as the numbers
   2,  4,  8, 16, 32, 6464, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 by a continual multiplication
   or  division by 2. -- Harmonic progression, a progression in which the
   terms  are  the reciprocals of quantities in arithmetical progression,
   as , , , , .

                                 Progressional

   Pro*gres"sion*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to progression; tending to,
   or capable of, progress.

                                Progressionist

   Pro*gres"sion*ist, n.

   1.  One  who  holds  to  a belief in the progression of society toward
   perfection.

   2.  One who maintains the doctrine of progression in organic forms; --
   opposed to uniformitarian. H. Spencer.

                                  Progressist

   Prog"ress*ist  (?),  n.  One  who  makes,  or  holds  to,  progress; a
   progressionist.

                                  Progressive

   Pro*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. progressif.]

   1.  Moving  forward;  proceeding onward; advancing; evincing progress;
   increasing;   as,   progressive   motion  or  course;  --  opposed  to
   retrograde.

   2. Improving; as, art is in a progressive state.
   Progressive  euchre  OR  whist,  a  way of playing at card parties, by
   which  after  every game, the losers at the first table go to the last
   table, and the winners at all the tables, except the first, move up to
   the  next  table.  --  Progressive  muscular atrophy (Med.), a nervous
   disorder  characterized  by  continuous  atrophy  of  the  muscles. --
   Pro*gress"ive*ly, adv. -- Pro*gress"ive*ness, n.

                                    Progue

   Progue (?), v. i. To prog. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.

                                    Progue

   Progue,  n. A sharp point; a goad. [ Scot. & Local, U. S.] -- v. t. To
   prick; to goad. [ Scot. & Local, U. S.].

                                    Proheme

   Pro"heme (?), n. Proem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Prohibit

   Pro*hib"it  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Prohibited; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prohibiting.]  [L.  prohibitus,  p.  p.  of prohibere to prohibit; pro
   before, forth + habere to have, hold. See Habit.]

   1.  To forbid by authority; to interdict; as, God prohibited Adam from
   eating of the fruit of a certain tree; we prohibit a person from doing
   a  thing,  and  also the doing of the thing; as, the law prohibits men
   from stealing, or it prohibits stealing.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr  ohibit wa s fo rmerly fo llowed by  to  wi th th e
     infinitive,  but  is  now commonly followed by from with the verbal
     noun in -ing.

   2. To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude.

     Gates  of  burning  adamant,  Barred  over us, prohibit all egress.
     Milton.

   Syn.  --  To  forbid;  interdict; debar; prevent; hinder. -- Prohibit,
   Forbid. To forbid is Anglo-Saxon, and is more familiar; to prohibit is
   Latin,  and  is more formal or official. A parent forbids his child to
   be  out  late  at night; he prohibits his intercourse with the profane
   and vicious.

                                  Prohibiter

   Pro*hib"it*er  (?),  n.  One who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an
   interdicter.

                                  Prohibition

   Pro`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L. prohibitio: cf. F. prohibition.]

   1. The act of prohibiting; a declaration or injunction forbidding some
   action; interdict.

     The  law  of  God,  in  the  ten  commandments,  consists mostly of
     prohibitions. Tillotson.

   2.  Specifically,  the  forbidding  by  law  of  the sale of alcoholic
   liquors as beverages.
   Writ  of  prohibition  (Law),  a  writ  issued by a superior tribunal,
   directed to an inferior court, commanding the latter to cease from the
   prosecution of a suit depending before it. Blackstone.

     NOTE: &hand; By ellipsis, prohibition is used for the writ itself.

                                Prohibitionist

   Pro`hi*bi"tion*ist, n.

   1.  One  who favors prohibitory duties on foreign goods in commerce; a
   protectionist.

   2.  One  who  favors  the  prohibition of the sale (or of the sale and
   manufacture) of alcoholic liquors as beverages.

                                  Prohibitive

   Pro*hib"it*ive,  a.  [Cf. F. prohibitif.] That prohibits; prohibitory;
   as, a tax whose effect is prohibitive.

                                  Prohibitory

   Pro*hib"it*o*ry  (?),  a.  [L.  prohibitorius.]  Tending  to prohibit,
   forbid,   or   exclude;   implying   prohibition;  forbidding;  as,  a
   prohibitory  law;  a prohibitory price. <-- in the latter sense (price
   or  cost)  usu.  prohibitive.  -->  Prohibitory index. (R. C. Ch.) See
   under Index.

                                     Proin

   Proin  (proin),  v. t. [See Prune to trim.] To lop; to trim; to prune;
   to adorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

     The  sprigs  that did about it grow He proined from the leafy arms.
     Chapman.

                                     Proin

   Proin, v. i. To employed in pruning. [Obs.]

                                    Project

   Proj"ect (?; 277), n. [OF. project, F. projet, fr. L. projectus, p. p.
   of  projicere  to  project;  pro  forward + jacere to throw. See Jet a
   shooting forth, and cf. Projet.]

   1.  The  place  from  which  a thing projects, or starts forth. [Obs.]
   Holland.

   2. That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised;
   a scheme; a design; a plan.

     Vented much policy, and projects deep. Milton.

     Projects of happiness devised by human reason. Rogers.

     He entered into the project with his customary ardor. Prescott.

   3.  An  idle  scheme;  an  impracticable  design;  as,  a man given to
   projects. Syn. -- Design; scheme; plan; purpose. -- Project, Design. A
   project   is   something   of   a  practical  nature  thrown  out  for
   consideration as to its being done. A design is a project when matured
   and  settled, as a thing to be accomplished. An ingenious man has many
   projects,  but,  if  governed  by sound sense, will be slow in forming
   them into designs. See also Scheme.

                                    Project

   Pro*ject"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Projected;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Projecting.] [Cf. OF. projecter, F. projeter.]

   1. To throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.

     Before his feet herself she did project. Spenser.

     Behold!  th'  ascending villas on my side Project long shadows o'er
     the crystal tide. Pope.

   2.  To cast forward or revolve in the mind; to contrive; to devise; to
   scheme; as, to project a plan.

     What sit then projecting peace and war? Milton.

   3. (Persp.) To draw or exhibit, as the form of anything; to delineate;
   as, to project a sphere, a map, an ellipse, and the like; -- sometimes
   with  on,  upon,  into,  etc.;  as,  to project a line or point upon a
   plane. See Projection, 4.

                                    Project

   Pro*ject" (?), v. i.

   1. To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be prominent;
   to jut; as, the cornice projects; branches project from the tree.

   2. To form a project; to scheme. [R.] Fuller.

                                  Projectile

   Pro*ject"ile (?), a. [Cf. F. projectile.]

   1. Projecting or impelling forward; as, a projectile force.

   2.  Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as,
   projectile motion. Arbuthnot.

                                  Projectile

   Pro*ject"ile, n. [Cf. F. projectile.]

   1.  A  body  projected,  or  impelled forward, by force; especially, a
   missile adapted to be shot from a firearm.

   2.  pl. (Mech.) A part of mechanics which treats of the motion, range,
   time of flight, etc., of bodies thrown or driven through the air by an
   impelling   force.<--  =  ballistics?  -->  <--  projectile  vomiting,
   vomiting with such force as to expel the vomitus over a distance. -->

                                  Projection

   Pro*jec"tion (?), n. [L. projectio: cf. F. projection.]

   1. The act of throwing or shooting forward.

   2.  A  jutting  out;  also,  a  part jutting out, as of a building; an
   extension beyond something else.

   3.  The  act  of  scheming  or  planning; also, that which is planned;
   contrivance; design; plan. Davenant.

   4.  (Persp.)  The  representation  of  something;  delineation;  plan;
   especially,  the  representation of any object on a perspective plane,
   or  such  a  delineation  as would result were the chief points of the
   object  thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line
   drawn  through  it  from a given point of sight, or central point; as,
   the  projection  of  a  sphere. The several kinds of projection differ
   according  to  the  assumed  point of sight and plane of projection in
   each.

   5.  (Geog.) Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a
   plane.
   Conical  projection,  a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical
   surface  being  projected  upon  the  surface of a cone tangent to the
   sphere,  the  point  of  sight  being  at the center of the sphere. --
   Cylindric projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical
   surface  being  projected  upon the surface of a cylinder touching the
   sphere,  the  point  of  sight  being  at the center of the sphere. --
   Globular,  Gnomonic, Orthographic, projection,etc. See under Globular,
   Gnomonic,  etc.  --  Mercator's projection, a mode of representing the
   sphere  in  which  the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and
   the  parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each
   other  increases  with their distance from the equator, so that at all
   places  the  degrees  of latitude and longitude have to each other the
   same  ratio  as  on  the  sphere  itself.  --  Oblique  projection,  a
   projection  made  by parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure
   and  meeting the plane of projection obliquely. -- Polar projection, a
   projection of the sphere in which the point of sight is at the center,
   and  the  plane of projection passes through one of the polar circles.
   --  Powder  of  projection  (Alchemy.),  a  certain powder cast into a
   crucible  or  other  vessel  containing prepared metal or other matter
   which  is to be thereby transmuted into gold. -- Projection of a point
   on  a  plane  (Descriptive  Geom.), the foot of a perpendicular to the
   plane  drawn  through the point. -- Projection of a straight line of a
   plane,  the  straight  line  of  the  plane connecting the feet of the
   perpendiculars  let  fall from the extremities of the given line. Syn.
   --   See   Protuberance.   <--   projectionist.  one  who  operates  a
   projector[2]; esp. one who is employed to operate a movie projector in
   a movie theater -->

                                  Projectment

   Pro*ject"ment   (?),   n.   Design;  contrivance;  projection.  [Obs.]
   Clarendon.

                                   Projector

   Pro*ject"or  (?),  n. [Cf. F. projeteur.] One who projects a scheme or
   design;   hence,   one  who  forms  fanciful  or  chimerical  schemes.
   L'Estrange.  <--  an optical instrument which projects an image from a
   transparency  onto  a  projection  screen  or  other surface, using an
   intense  light  and  one  or  more  lenses  to  focus the image. Slide
   projector; movie projector. Overhead projector. -->

                                  Projecture

   Pro*jec"ture (?), n. [L. projectura: cf. F. projecture.] A jutting out
   beyond a surface.

                                    Projet

   Pro`jet"  (?),  n.  [F. See Project, n.] A plan proposed; a draft of a
   proposed measure; a project.

                                     Proke

   Proke (?), v. i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs.] Holland.

                                   Prolapse

   Pro*lapse"  (?),  n. [L. prolapsus, fr. prolapsus, p. p. of prolabi to
   fall  forward;  pro forward + labi to glide, fall.] (Med.) The falling
   down  of  a  part  through  the  orifice  with  which  it is naturally
   connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum. Dunglison.

                                   Prolapse

   Pro*lapse", v. i. To fall down or out; to protrude.

                                  Prolapsion

   Pro*lap"sion  (?),  n. [L. prolapsio.] (Med.) Prolapse. [ Written also
   prolaption.] [Obs.]

                                   Prolapsus

   Pro*lap"sus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Prolapse.

                                    Prolate

   Pro"late  (?),  a.  [L.  prolatus,  used as p. p. of proferre to bring
   forth,  to  extend;  pro  +  latus,  p.  p.  See Pro-, and Tolerate. ]
   Stretched  out;  extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a
   line  joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid; -- opposed to oblate.
   Prolate  cycloid.  See the Note under Cycloid. -- Prolate ellipsoid OR
   spheroid  (Geom.),  a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse
   about its major axis. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

                                    Prolate

   Pro*late"  (?),  v.  t.  To  utter; to pronounce. [Obs.] "Foun-der-ed;
   prolate it right." B. Jonson.

                                   Prolation

   Pro*la"tion (?), n. [L. prolatio: cf. F. prolation.]

   1.  The  act  of  prolating  or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.
   [Obs.] Ray.

   2. The act of deferring; delay. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

   3.  (Mus.)  A  medi\'91val  method of determining of the proportionate
   duration of semibreves and minims. Busby.

                                   Prolatum

   Pro*la"tum  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prolata (#). [ NL. See Prolate.] (Geom.) A
   prolate spheroid. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

                                    Proleg

   Pro"leg (?), n. [Pref. pro- for, in place of + leg.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
   the  fleshy  legs  found  on the abdominal segments of the larv\'91 of
   Lepidoptera,  sawflies,  and  some other insects. Those of Lepidoptera
   have a circle of hooks. Called also proped, propleg, and falseleg.

                                   Prolegate

   Pro"leg`ate  (?;  48),  n.  [L. prolegatus; pro for + legatus legate.]
   (Rom. Hist.) The deputy or substitute for a legate.
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   Page 1146

                                 Prolegomenary

   Prol`e*gom"e*na*ry   (?),   a.   Of  the  nature  of  a  prolegomenon;
   preliminary; introductory; prefatory.

                                 Prolegomenon

   Prol`e*gom"e*non  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prolegomena  (#).  [  NL., fr. Gr. A
   preliminary  remark or observation; an introductory discourse prefixed
   to a book or treatise. D. Stokes (1659). Sir W. Scott.

                                   Prolepsis

   Pro*lep"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Rhet.)  (a)  A  figure  by  which  objections  are anticipated or
   prevented. Abp. Bramhall. (b) A necessary truth or assumption; a first
   or assumed principle.

   2. (Chron.) An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated
   before the actual time.

   3.  (Gram.) The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation,
   or  to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one
   dumb.

                            Proleptic, Proleptical

   Pro*lep"tic (?), Pro*lep"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. proleptique.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  prolepsis;  anticipative. "A far-seeing or
   proleptic wisdom." De Quincey.

   2. Previous; antecedent. Glanvill.

   3.  (Med.)  Anticipating  the  usual  time; -- applied to a periodical
   disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.

                                 Proleptically

   Pro*lep"tic*al*ly, adv. In a proleptical manner.

                                  Proleptics

   Pro*lep"tics  (?),  n.  (Med.)  The  art  and science of predicting in
   medicine. Laycock.

                                 Prol\'82taire

   Pro`l\'82`taire" (?), n. [F. See Proletary.] One of the common people;
   a  low  person;  also,  the  common  people  as a class or estate in a
   country.

                                 Proletaneous

   Prol`e*ta"ne*ous   (?),   a.   [L.  proletaneus.]  Having  a  numerous
   offspring. [R.]

                                  Proletarian

   Prol`e*ta"ri*an  (?),  a.  [L.  proletarius.  See  Proletary.]  Of  or
   pertaining  to  the  proletaries;  belonging to the commonalty; hence,
   mean;  vile;  vulgar.  "Every  citizen,  if  he were not a proletarian
   animal kept at the public cost." De Quincey. -- n. A proletary.

                                  Proletariat

   Prol`e*ta"ri*at (?), n. [F.] The indigent class in the State; the body
   of proletarians.

                                 Proletariate

   Prol`e*ta"ri*ate  (?),  n.  The  lower  classes; beggars. "The Italian
   proletariate." J. A. Symonds.

                                   Proletary

   Prol"e*ta*ry  (?),  n.;  pl.  Proletaries  (#).  [ L. proletarius, fr.
   proles  offspring.  Cf. Prol\'82taire.] (Rom. Antiq.) A citizen of the
   lowest  class,  who  served  the state, not with property, but only by
   having children; hence, a common person.

                                   Prolicide

   Prol"i*cide (?), n. [L. proles offspring + caedere to kill.] The crime
   of  destroying  one's  offspring,  either  in the womb or after birth.
   Bouvier.

                                  Proliferate

   Pro*lif"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. proles offspring + ferre to bear.]

   1.  (Biol.)  To  produce  or  form cells; especially, to produce cells
   rapidly.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) To produce zooids by budding.

                                 Proliferation

   Pro*lif`er*a"tion (?), n.

   1.  (Biol.)  The  continuous development of cells in tissue formation;
   cell formation. Virchow.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) The production of numerous zooids by budding, especially
   when buds arise from other buds in succession.

                                  Proliferous

   Pro*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. proles offspring + -ferous.]

   1.  (Bot.) Bearing offspring; -- applied to a flower from within which
   another is produced, or to a branch or frond from which another rises,
   or to a plant which is reproduced by buds or gemm\'91.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  Producing  young by budding. (b) Producing sexual
   zooids  by  budding;  --  said  of  the  blastostyle of a hydroid. (c)
   Producing  a  cluster  of  branchlets from a larger branch; -- said of
   corals.
   Proliferous cyst (Med.), a cyst that produces highly-organized or even
   vascular structures. Paget. -- Pro*lif"er*ous*ly, adv.

                                   Prolific

   Pro*lif"ic  (?),  a. [F. prolifique, fr. L. proles offspring (from pro
   for,  forward  +  the  root of alere to nourish) + facere to make. See
   Adult, Old, and Fact.]

   1.  Having  the  quality  of  generating;  producing  young  or fruit;
   generative;  fruitful;  productive;  --  applied  to  plants producing
   fruit, animals producing young, etc.; -- usually with the implied idea
   of  frequent  or numerous production; as, a prolific tree, female, and
   the like.

   2.  Serving  to  produce;  fruitful of results; active; as, a prolific
   brain; a controversy prolific of evil.

   3. (Bot.) Proliferous.

                                  Prolificacy

   Pro*lif"ic*a*cy (?), n. Prolificness. [R.]

                                  Prolifical

   Pro*lif"ic*al  (?),  a. Producing young or fruit abundantly; fruitful;
   prolific. -- Pro*lif"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                  Prolificate

   Pro*lif"ic*ate  (?),  v.  t.  [See  Prolific.]  To  make  prolific; to
   fertilize; to impregnate. Sir T. Browne.

                                 Prolification

   Pro*lif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prolification, LL. prolificatio.]

   1. The generation of young.

   2.  (Bot.)  Reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant,
   directly from an older one, or by gemm\'91.

                                 Prolificness

   Pro*lif"ic*ness  (?),  n.  The  quality  or  state  of being prolific;
   fruitfulness; prolificacy.

                                    Prolix

   Pro*lix"  (?;  277),  a. [L. prolixus extended, long, prolix, probably
   fr.  pro before, forward + liqui to flow, akin to liquidus liquid; cf.
   OL. lixa water: cf. F. prolixe. See Liquid.]

   1.  Extending  to  a  great  length;  unnecessarily  long;  minute  in
   narration  or  argument;  excessively  particular in detail; -- rarely
   used  except  with  reference  to  discourse  written or spoken; as, a
   prolix oration; a prolix poem; a prolix sermon.

     With wig prolix, down flowing to his waist. Cowper.

   2.  Indulging  in protracted discourse; tedious; wearisome; -- applied
   to  a speaker or writer. Syn. -- Long; diffuse; prolonged; protracted;
   tedious;  tiresome;  wearisome.  --  Prolix,  Diffuse. A prolix writer
   delights in circumlocution, extended detail, and trifling particulars.
   A  diffuse  writer  is  fond  of  amplifying, and abounds in epithets,
   figures,   and   illustrations.   Diffuseness  often  arises  from  an
   exuberance  of  imagination;  prolixity  is generally connected with a
   want of it.

                                  Prolixious

   Pro*lix"ious  (?),  a.  Dilatory; tedious; superfluous. [Obs.] "Lay by
   all nicety, and prolixious blushes." Shak.

                                   Prolixity

   Pro*lix"i*ty (?), n. [L. prolixitas: cf. F. prolixit\'82.] The quality
   or  state  of being prolix; great length; minute detail; as, prolixity
   in  discourses  and  writings.  "For  fulsomeness  of his prolixitee."
   Chaucer.

     Idly running on with vain prolixity. Drayton.

                                   Prolixly

   Pro*lix"ly, adv. In a prolix manner. Dryden.

                                  Prolixness

   Pro*lix"ness, n. Prolixity. Adam Smith.

                                     Proll

   Proll (?), v. t. [See Prowl.] [imp. & p. p. Prolled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prolling.]  To  search  or  prowl  after;  to  rob; to plunder. [Obs.]
   Barrow.

                                     Proll

   Proll, v. i. To prowl about; to rob. [Obs.] South.

     Though ye prolle aye, ye shall it never find. Chaucer.

                                    Proller

   Proll"er (?), n. Prowler; thief. [Obs.] Chapman.

                                  Prolocutor

   Prol`o*cu"tor  (?),  n. [L., from proloqui, p. p. prolocutus, to speak
   out; pro for + loqui to speak.]

   1. One who speaks for another. Jeffrey.

   2. The presiding officer of a convocation. Macaulay.

                                 Proocutorship

   Pro`o*cu"tor*ship, n. The office of a prolocutor.

                                    Prolog

   Pro"log (?), n. & v. Prologue.

                                   Prologize

   Pro"lo*gize  (?),  v.  i.  [Gr. Prologue.] To deliver a Prologue. [R.]
   Whewell.

                                  Prologizer

   Pro"lo*gi`zer (?), n. One who prologizes. [R.]

                                   Prologue

   Pro"logue (?), n. [F., fr. L. prologus, fr. Gr. Logic.]

   1.  The  preface or introduction to a discourse, poem, or performance;
   as, the prologue of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales;" esp., a discourse or
   poem spoken before a dramatic performance

   2. One who delivers a prologue. [R.] Shak.

                                   Prologue

   Pro"logue,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Prologued  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prologuing.]  To  introduce  with  a formal preface, or prologue. [R.]
   Shak.

                                    Prolong

   Pro*long"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Prolonged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prolonging.]  [F. prolonger, L. prolongare; pro before, forth + longus
   long. See Long, a., and cf. Prolongate, Purloin. ]

   1. To extend in space or length; as, to prolong a line.

   2.  To  lengthen  in  time; to extend the duration of; to draw out; to
   continue; as, to prolong one's days.

     Prolong awhile the traitor's life. Shak.

     The unhappy queen with talk prolonged the night. Dryden.

   3. To put off to a distant time; to postpone. Shak.

                                  Prolongable

   Pro*long"a*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being  prolonged;  as,  life is
   prolongable by care.

     Each syllable being a prolongable quantity. Rush.

                                  Prolongate

   Pro*lon"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolongated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prolongating.]  [L. prolongatus, p. p. of prolongare. See Prolong.] To
   prolong; to extend in space or in time. [R.]

                                 Prolongation

   Pro`lon*ga"tion (?), n. [F. prolongation.]

   1. The act of lengthening in space or in time; extension; protraction.
   Bacon.

   2. That which forms an additional length.

                                   Prolonge

   Pro*longe"  (?),  n. [F. See Prolong.] (Field Artillery) A rope with a
   hook and a toggle, sometimes used to drag a gun carriage or to lash it
   to the limber, and for various other purposes.

                                   Prolonger

   Pro*long"er  (?),  n.  One  who, or that which, causes an extension in
   time or space.

                                  Prolongment

   Pro*long"ment (?), n. Prolongation.

                                   Prolusion

   Pro*lu"sion (?), n. [L. prolusio, fr. proludere to prelude; pro before
   +  ludere  to  play: cf. F. prolusion, It. prolusione.] A trial before
   the  principal performance; a prelude; hence, an introductory essay or
   exercise. "Domestic prolusions." Thackeray.

     Her  presence was in some measure a restraint on the worthy divine,
     whose prolusion lasted. Sir W. Scott.

                                  Promanation

   Prom`a*na"tion  (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. manatio a flowing, fr. manare
   to  flow.]  The act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux. [Obs.] Dr. H.
   More.

                                   Promenade

   Prom`e*nade"  (?),  n.  [F.  (with a foreign suffix), from promener to
   lead, take for a walk, se promener to walk, from L. prominare to drive
   forward or along; pro forward + minare to drive animals. See Amenable,
   Menace.]

   1. A walk for pleasure, display, or exercise. Burke.

   2. A place for walking; a public walk. Bp. Montagu.

                                   Promenade

   Prom`e*nade",  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Promenaded;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Promenading.] To walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.

                                  Promenader

   Prom`e*nad"er (?), n. One who promenades.

                                   Promerit

   Pro*mer"it  (?),  v. t. [L. promeritus, p. p. of promerere to deserve;
   pro before + merere to merit.]

   1. To oblige; to confer a favor on. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

   2. To deserve; to procure by merit. [Obs.] Davenant.

                                   Promerops

   Prom"e*rops  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any one of several
   species  of  very  brilliant birds belonging to Promerops, Epimarchus,
   and  allied  genera, closely related to the paradise birds, and mostly
   native  of  New  Guinea.  They  have  a  long  curved  beak and a long
   graduated tail.

                                   Promethea

   Pro*me"the*a (?), n. [NL. See Prometheus.] (Zo\'94l.) A large American
   bombycid   moth   (Callosamia  promethea).  Its  larva  feeds  on  the
   sassafras,  wild cherry, and other trees, and suspends its cocoon from
   a branch by a silken band.

                                  Promethean

   Pro*me"the*an (?), a. [L. Promethus: cf. F. prom\'82th\'82en.]

   1.  Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See Prometheus. "Promethean fire."
   Shak.

   2. Having a life-giving quality; inspiring.

                                  Promethean

   Pro*me"the*an  (?),  n.  (Old  Chem.)  (a)  An apparatus for automatic
   ignition. (b) A kind of lucifer match.

                                  Prometheus

   Pro*me"the*us  (?),  n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The son of Iapetus
   (one of the Titans) and Clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed
   all  mankind  in  knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he
   gave life by means of fire stolen from heaven. Jupiter, being angry at
   this,  sent  Mercury  to  bind  Prometheus  to Mount Caucasus, where a
   vulture preyed upon his liver.

                            Prominence, Prominency

   Prom"i*nence  (?),  Prom"i*nen*cy  (?),  n.  [L.  prominentia:  cf. F.
   prominence. See Prominent. ]

   1.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  prominent; a standing out from
   something; conspicuousness.

   2. That which is prominent; a protuberance.
   Solar   prominences.   (Astron.)   See   Solar   Protuberances,  under
   Protuberance.

                                   Prominent

   Prom"i*nent  (?), a. [L. prominens, -entis, p. pr. of prominere to jut
   out,  to  project;  pro  before,  forward  + minere (in comp.) to jut,
   project: cf. F. prominent. See Imminent, Eminent.]

   1.  Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something;
   jutting;  protuberant;  in  high  relief;  as, a prominent figure on a
   vase.

   2.  Hence;  Distinctly  manifest; likely to attract attention from its
   size  or position; conspicuous; as, a prominent feature of the face; a
   prominent building.

   3. Eminent; distinguished above others; as, a prominent character.
   Prominent'  moth  (Zo\'94l.), any moth of the family Notodontid\'91; a
   notodontian;  --  so called because the larva has a hump or prominence
   on its back. Several of the species are injurious to fruit trees.

                                  Prominently

   Prom"i*nent*ly, adv. In a prominent manner.

                                  Promiscuity

   Pro`mis*cu"i*ty (?), n. Promiscuousness; confusion. H. Spencer.

                                  Promiscuous

   Pro*mis"cu*ous  (?), a. [L. promiscuus; pro before, in place of, for +
   miscere to mix. See Mix. ]

   1.  Consisting  of individuals united in a body or mass without order;
   mingled; confused; undistinguished; as, a promiscuous crowd or mass.

     A wild, where weeds and flowers promiscuous shoot. Pope.

   2.  Distributed  or  applied  without  order  or  discrimination;  not
   restricted  to  an individual; common; indiscriminate; as, promiscuous
   love or intercourse.

                                 Promiscuously

   Pro*mis"cu*ous*ly, adv. In a promiscuous manner.

                                Promiscuousness

   Pro*mis"cu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being promiscuous.

                                    Promise

   Prom"ise   (?),   a.  [F.  promesse,  L.  promissum,  fr.  promittere,
   promissum, to put forth, foretell, promise; pro forward, for + mittere
   to send. See Mission. ]

   1. In general, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to
   another,  which  binds the person who makes it to do, or to forbear to
   do,  a  specified act; a declaration which gives to the person to whom
   it  is  made  a  right  to  expect  or  to  claim  the  performance or
   forbearance of a specified act.

     For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but
     God gave it to Abraham by promise. Gal. iii. 18.

   2. (Law) An engagement by one person to another, either in words or in
   writing,   but  properly  not  under  seal,  for  the  performance  or
   nonperformance  of  some particular thing. The word promise is used to
   denote  the  mere  engagement  of  a  person,  without  regard  to the
   consideration  for  it, or the corresponding duty of the party to whom
   it is made. Chitty. Parsons. Burrill.

   3. That which causes hope, expectation, or assurance; especially, that
   which  affords expectation of future distinction; as, a youth of great
   promise. Shak.

     My native country was full of youthful promise. W. Irving.

   4. Bestowal, fulfillment, or grant of what is promised.

     He . . . commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem,
     but wait for the promise of the Father. Acts i. 4.

                                    Promise

   Prom"ise,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Promised  (?);  p.  pr.  & vb. n.
   Promising.]

   1.  To  engage to do, give, make, or to refrain from doing, giving, or
   making,  or  the like; to covenant; to engage; as, to promise a visit;
   to  promise  a  cessation  of  hostilities;  to promise the payment of
   money. "To promise aid." Shak.

   2.  To afford reason to expect; to cause hope or assurance of; as, the
   clouds promise rain. Milton.

   3.  To make declaration of or give assurance of, as some benefit to be
   conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow; as, the proprietors promised
   large tracts of land; the city promised a reward.
   Promised  land.  See  Land of promise, under Land. -- To promise one's
   self. (a) To resolve; to determine; to vow. (b) To be assured; to have
   strong confidence.

     I  dare  promise  myself  you  will  attest the truth of all I have
     advanced. Rambler.

                                    Promise

   Prom"ise, v. i.

   1. To give assurance by a promise, or binding declaration.

   2.  To  afford  hopes  or  expectation; to give ground to expect good;
   rarely, to give reason to expect evil.

     Will  not  the  ladies  be afeard of the lion? I fear it, I promise
     you. Shak.

                                   Promisee

   Prom`is*ee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a promise is made.

                                   Promiser

   Prom"is*er (?), n. One who promises.

                                   Promising

   Prom"is*ing,  a.  Making  a  promise  or  promises;  affording hope or
   assurance;  as,  promising person; a promising day. -- Prom"is*ing*ly,
   adv.

                                   Promisor

   Prom"is*or  (?),  n.  (Law) One who engages or undertakes; a promiser.
   Burrill.

                                  Promissive

   Pro*mis"sive  (?), a. Making a promise; implying a promise; promising.
   [R.]
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1147

                                 Promissorily

   Prom"is*so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a promissory manner. Sir T. Browne.

                                  Promissory

   Prom"is*so*ry  (?),  a. Containing a promise or binding declaration of
   something  to  be  done  or forborne. Promissory note (Law), a written
   promise  to pay to some person named, and at a time specified therein,
   or  on  demand, or at sight, a certain sum of money, absolutely and at
   all events; -- frequently called a note of hand. Kent. Byles. Story.

                                    Promont

   Prom"ont (?), n. Promontory. [R.] Drayton.

                                  Promontory

   Prom"on*to*ry  (?),  n.;  pl.  Promontories  (#).  [  L. promonturium,
   promunturium; pro before + mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. promontoire.
   See Mount, n.]

   1.  (Phys. Geog.) A high point of land or rock projecting into the sea
   beyond the line of coast; a headland; a high cape.

     Like one that stands upon a promontory. Shak.

   2.  (Anat.) A projecting part. Especially: (a) The projecting angle of
   the  ventral  side  of  the  sacrum  where  it  joins  the last lumbar
   vertebra.  (b)  A  prominence on the inner wall of the tympanum of the
   ear.

                               Promerphological

   Pro*mer`pho*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to promorphology; as, a
   promorphological conception.

                                Promorphologist

   Pro`mor*phol"o*gist  (?),  n.  (Biol.)  One  versed  in the science of
   promorphology.

                                 Promorphology

   Pro`mor*phol"o*gy   (?),   n.   [Pref.  pro-  +  morphology.]  (Biol.)
   Crystallography  of organic forms; -- a division of morphology created
   by   Haeckel.  It  is  essentially  stereometric,  and  relates  to  a
   mathematical conception of organic forms. See Tectology.

                                    Promote

   Pro*mote"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Promoted;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Promoting.]  [L.  promotus,  p.  p.  of  promovere to move forward, to
   promote; pro forward + movere to move. See Move.]

   1.  To  contribute  to  the growth, enlargement, or prosperity of (any
   process  or  thing  that  is  in  course);  to forward; to further; to
   encourage;  to advance; to excite; as, to promote learning; to promote
   disorder;  to promote a business venture. "Born to promote all truth."
   Milton.

   2.  To  exalt  in  station,  rank,  or honor; to elevate; to raise; to
   prefer; to advance; as, to promote an officer.

     I will promote thee unto very great honor. Num. xxii. 17.

     Exalt her, and she shall promote thee. Prov. iv. 18.

   Syn.  -- To forward; advance; further; patronize; help; exalt; prefer;
   elevate; dignify.

                                    Promote

   Pro*mote",  v. i. To urge on or incite another, as to strife; also, to
   inform against a person. [Obs.]

                                   Promoter

   Pro*mot"er (?), n.

   1.  One  who,  or  that  which,  forwards,  advances,  or promotes; an
   encourager; as, a promoter of charity or philosophy. Boyle.

   2. Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps
   in,  a  scheme  for  the  organization of a corporation, a joint-stock
   company, or the like.

   3. One who excites; as, a promoter of sedition.

   4. An informer; a makebate. [Obs.] Tusser.

                                  Promottion

   Pro*mot"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  promotio:  cf.  F. promotion.] The act of
   promoting,  advancing,  or encouraging; the act of exalting in rank or
   honor;  also,  the condition of being advanced, encouraged, or exalted
   in honor; preferment. Milton.

     Promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from
     the south. Ps. lxxv. 6.

                                   Promotive

   Pro*mo"tive (?), a. Tending to advance, promote, or encourage. Hume.

                                    Promove

   Pro*move"  (?),  v.  t. [See Promote.] To move forward; to advance; to
   promote. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

                                   Promover

   Pro*mov"er (?), n. A promoter. [Obs.]

                                     Promt

   Promt  (?;  215),  a.  [Compar.  Prompter (?); superl. Promptest.] [F.
   prompt,  L.  promptus,  properly,  brought  forth  (to light or view),
   hence, visible, evident, at hand, ready, quick, -- p. p. of promere to
   take or bring forth; pro forth + emere to take. See Redeem. ]

   1.  Ready  and  quick to act as occasion demands; meeting requirements
   readily;  not  slow,  dilatory,  or  hesitating in decision or action;
   responding  on  the  instant;  immediate;  as,  prompt in obedience or
   compliance; -- said of persons.

     Very discerning and prompt in giving orders. Clarendon.

     Tell him I am prompt To lay my crown at's feet. Shak.

     Any you, perhaps, too prompt in your replies. Dryden.

   2.  Done  or  rendered quickly, readily, or immediately; given without
   delay or hesitation; -- said of conduct; as, prompt assistance.

     When  Washington  heard  the  voice of his country in distress, his
     obedience was prompt. Ames.

   3. Easy; unobstructed. [Obs.]

     The  reception  of the light into the body of the building was very
     prompt. Sir H. Wotton.

   Syn.  --  Ready;  expeditious;  quick; agile; alert; brisk; nimble. --
   Prompt, Ready, Expeditious. One who is ready is prepared to act at the
   moment.  One  who is prompt acts at the moment. One who is expeditious
   carries through an undertaking with constant promptness.

                                    Prompt

   Prompt,  n. (Com.) A limit of time given for payment of an account for
   produce  purchased,  this  limit  varying  with  different  goods. See
   Prompt-note.

     To  cover any probable difference of price which might arise before
     the expiration of the prompt, which for this article [tea] is three
     months. J. S. Mill.

                                    Prompt

   Prompt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prompted; p. pr. & vb. n. Prompting.]

   1. To assist or induce the action of; to move to action; to instigate;
   to incite.

     God  first . . . prompted on the infirmities of the infant world by
     temporal prosperity. Jer. Taylor.

   2. To suggest; to dictate.

     And whispering angles prompt her golden dreams. Pope.

   3. To remind, as an actor or an orator, of words or topics forgotten.

                                  Prompt-book

   Prompt"-book` (, n. The book used by a prompter of a theater.

                                   Prompter

   Prompt"er (?), n.

   1.  One  who, or that which, prompts; one who admonishes or incites to
   action.

   2.  One who reminds another, as an actor or an orator, of the words to
   be  spoken  next;  specifically,  one  employed  for this purpose in a
   theater.

                                  Promptitude

   Prompt"i*tude  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr. L. promptitudo. See Prompt, a.] The
   quality  of  being  prompt;  quickness  of  decision  and  action when
   occasion demands; alacrity; as, promptitude in obedience.

     Men of action, of promptitude, and of courage. I. Taylor.

                                   Promptly

   Prompt"ly, adv. In a prompt manner.

                                  Promptness

   Prompt"ness, n.

   1. Promptitude; readiness; quickness of decision or action.

   2. Cheerful willingness; alacrity.

                                  Prompt-note

   Prompt"-note`  (?),  n.  (Com.)  A memorandum of a sale, and time when
   payment is due, given to the purchaser at a sale of goods.

                                  Promptuary

   Promp"tu*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to preparation. [R.] Bacon.

                                  Promptuary

   Promp"tu*a*ry,  n.  [L.  promptuarium,  fr.  promptuarius belonging to
   distribution,  distributing:  cf, F. promptuaire. See Prompt, a.] That
   from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository.
   Woodward.

                                   Prompture

   Promp"ture  (?;  135),  n.  [See  Prompt,  a.] Suggestion; incitement;
   prompting. [R.] Shak. Coleridge.

                                  Promulgate

   Pro*mul"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulgated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Promulgating.]  [L. promulgatus, p. p. of promulgare to promulgate; of
   unknown  origin.  Cf. Promulge.] To make known by open declaration, as
   laws,  decrees,  or tidings; to publish; as, to promulgate the secrets
   of a council. Syn. -- To publish; declare; proclaim. See Announce.

                                 Promulgation

   Pro`mul*ga"tion (?), n. [L. promulgatio: cf. F. promulgation.] The act
   of  promulgating;  publication; open declaration; as, the promulgation
   of the gospel. South.

                                  Promulgator

   Pro"mul*ga`tor  (?),  n. [L.] One who promulgates or publishes. Dr. H.
   More.

                                   Promulge

   Pro*mulge"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Promulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Promulging  (?).]  [Cf. F. promulguer. See Promulgate.] To promulgate;
   to publish or teach. Blackstone.

     Extraordinary  doctrines  these  for  the  age  in  which they were
     promulged. Prescott.

                                   Promulger

   Pro*mul"ger  (?),  n.  One  who promulges or publishes what was before
   unknown. Atterbury.

                                   Promuscis

   Pro*mus"cis  (?),  n.  [L.,  corruption  of proboscis.] (Zo\'94l.) The
   proboscis of hemipterous insects. See Illust. under Hemiptera.

                                    Pronaos

   Pro*na"os  (?),  n.  [L.,  fr. Gr. (Arch.) The porch or vestibule of a
   temple.

                                    Pronate

   Pro"nate  (?),  a. [L. pronatus, p. p. of pronare to bend forward. See
   Prone.] Somewhat prone; inclined; as, pronate trees. Kane.

                                   Pronation

   Pro*na"tion  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  pronation.] (Physiol.) (a) The act of
   turning  the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot downward. (b) That
   motion  of  the  forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is turned
   downward.  (c)  The  position  of  the  limb resulting from the act of
   pronation. Opposed to supination.

                                   Pronator

   Pro*na"tor (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) A muscle which produces pronation.

                                     Prone

   Prone  (?),  a. [L. pronus, akin to Gr. pravana sloping, inclined, and
   also to L. pro forward, for. See Pro-.]

   1. Bending forward; inclined; not erect.

     Towards him they bend With awful reverence prone. Milton.

   2.  Prostrate;  flat;  esp.,  lying  with the face down; -- opposed to
   supine.

     Which,  as the wind, Blew where it listed, laying all things prone.
     Byron.

   3.  Headlong;  running  downward  or  headlong. "Down thither prone in
   flight." Milton.

   4.  Sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined;
   not level.

     Since  the  floods  demand,  For their descent, a prone and sinking
     land. Blackmore.

   5. Inclined; propense; disposed; -- applied to the mind or affections,
   usually in an ill sense. Followed by to. "Prone to mischief." Shak.

     Poets are nearly all prone to melancholy. Landor.

                                    Pronely

   Prone"ly, adv. In a prone manner or position.

                                   Proneness

   Prone"ness, n.

   1.  The  quality  or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as,
   the proneness of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man.

   2. The state of lying with the face down; -- opposed to supineness.

   3. Descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill.

   4. Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as,
   proneness to self-gratification.

                                  Pronephric

   Pro*neph"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pronephros.

                            Pronephros, Pronephron

   Pro*neph"ros  (?),  Pro*neph"ron (, n. [ NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The head
   kidney. See under Head.

                                     Prong

   Prong  (?), n. [Cf. D. prangen to pinch, press, LG. prange a stick, or
   W. procio to thrust, E. prowl, pang.]

   1. A sharp-pointed instrument.

     Prick it on a prong of iron. Sandys.

   2.  The  tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two
   or three prongs.

   3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A sharp projection, as of an antler. (b) The fang of
   a tooth.

                                   Prongbuck

   Prong"buck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The springbuck. (b) The pronghorn.

                                    Pronged

   Pronged (?), a. Having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork;
   as, a three-pronged fork.

                                   Prong-hoe

   Prong"-hoe` (?), n. A hoe with prongs to break the earth.

                                   Pronghorn

   Prong"horn`  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  An  American  antelope (Antilocapra
   Americana),  native  of  the plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper
   parts  are  mostly  yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the
   head  and throat, and the buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the
   horns  is  shed annually. Called also cabr\'82e, cabut, prongbuck, and
   pronghorned antelope.

                                    Pronity

   Pro"ni*ty  (?),  n.  [L. pronitas.] Proneness; propensity. [R.] Dr. H.
   More.

                                  Pronominal

   Pro*nom"i*nal  (?),  a.  [L.  pronominalis:  cf.  F.  pronominal.  See
   Pronoun.] Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun.

                                 Pronominalize

   Pro*nom"i*nal*ize  (?),  v. t. To give the effect of a pronoun to; as,
   to pronominalize the substantives person, people, etc. Early.

                                 Pronominally

   Pro*nom"i*nal*ly, adv. In a pronominal manner

                                  Prononc\'82

   Pro`non`c\'82"  (?),  a. [F. See Pronounce.] Strongly marked; decided,
   as in manners, etc.

                                   Pronotary

   Pro*no"ta*ry (?), n. See Prothonotary.

                                   Pronotum

   Pro*no"tum  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pronota  (#).  [NL.  See Pro-, and Notum.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  The  dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. See Illust.
   of Coleoptera.

                                    Pronoun

   Pro"noun  (?),  n. [Pref. pro- + noun: cf. F. pronom, L. pronomen. See
   Noun.]  (Gram.)  A  word  used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the
   repetition of it. The personal pronouns in English are I, thou or you,
   he, she, it, we, ye, and they.<-- accusatives? me, them, us -->

                                   Pronounce

   Pro*nounce"  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pronounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pronounging  (?).]  [F. prononcer, L. pronunciare; pro before, forth +
   nunciare, nuntiare, to announce. See Announce.]

   1.  To  utter  articulately;  to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as
   words  or  syllables;  to  speak  with the proper sound and accent as,
   adults rarely learn to pronounce a foreign language correctly.

   2.  To  utter  officially  or  solemnly;  to  deliver,  as a decree or
   sentence; as, to pronounce sentence of death.

     Sternly he pronounced The rigid interdiction. Milton.

   3.  To  speak  or  utter  rhetorically;  to deliver; to recite; as, to
   pronounce an oration.

     Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you. Shak.

   4.  To declare or affirm; as, he pronounced the book to be a libel; he
   pronounced the act to be a fraud.

     The  God  who hallowed thee and blessed, Pronouncing thee all good.
     Keble.

   Syn. -- To deliver; utter; speak. See Deliver.

                                   Pronounce

   Pro*nounce", v. i.

   1.   To   give  a  pronunciation;  to  articulate;  as,  to  pronounce
   faultlessly. Earle.

   2. To make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with confidence.
   [R.] Dr. H. More.

                                   Pronounce

   Pro*nounce",  n.  Pronouncement;  declaration;  pronunciation.  [Obs.]
   Milton.

                                 Pronounceable

   Pro*nounce"a*ble  (?), a. [Cf. L. pronunciabilis declarative.] Capable
   of being pronounced.

                                  Pronounced

   Pro*nounced"  (?),  a. [F. prononc\'82.] Strongly marked; unequivocal;
   decided.

     NOTE: [A Gallicism]

     [His] views became every day more pronounced. Thackeray.

                                 Pronouncement

   Pro*nounce"ment  (?),  n.  The  act  of  pronouncing; a declaration; a
   formal announcement.

                                  Pronouncer

   Pro*noun"cer  (?), n. One who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a
   pronouncing book.

                                  Pronouncing

   Pro*noun"cing (?), a. Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as,
   a pronouncing dictionary.

                                   Pronubial

   Pro*nu"bi*al  (?),  a.  [L. pronuba bridesmaid; pro before + nubere to
   marry.] Presiding over marriage. [R.]

                                  Pronucleus

   Pro*nu"cle*us  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pronuclei (-&imac;). [NL. See Pro-, and
   Nucleus.]  (Biol.)  One  of  the two bodies or nuclei (called male and
   female  pronuclei)  which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus
   of an impregnated ovum.

     NOTE: &hand; In   th  e ma  turing of   th e ov um pr eparatory to 
     impregnation, a part of the germinal vesicle (see Polar body, under
     Polar)  becomes  converted  into  a number of small vesicles, which
     aggregate  themselves  into  a  single clear nucleus. which travels
     towards  the center of the egg and is called the female pronucleus.
     In  impregnation,  the  spermatozo\'94n  which  enters the egg soon
     loses  its  tail,  while  the head forms a nucleus, called the male
     pronucleus,  which  gradually travels towards the female pronucleus
     and  eventually  fuses  with  it,  forming  the  first segmentation
     nucleus.

                                  Pronuncial

   Pro*nun"cial (?), a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative.

                                Pronunciamento

   Pro*nun`ci*a*men"to  (?),  n.  A  proclamation  or manifesto; a formal
   announcement or declaration.

                                Pronunciamiento

   Pro*nun`ci*a`mi"en"to (?), n. [Sp. See Pronounce.] See Pronunciamento.

                                 Pronunciation

   Pro*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n. [F. pronunciation, L. pronunciatio. See
   Pronounce.]

   1. The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper
   sound  and  accent;  utterance;  as, the pronunciation of syllables of
   words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation.

   2. The mode of uttering words or sentences.

   3.  (Rhet.)  The  art  of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with
   propriety and gracefulness; -- now called delivery. J. Q. Adams.

                                 Pronunciative

   Pro*nun"ci*a*tive (?), a. [L. pronunciativus.]

   1. Of or pertaining to pronunciation.

   2. Uttering confidently; dogmatical. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                 Pronunciator

   Pro*nun"ci*a`tor  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  reciter.]  One  who pronounces; a
   pronouncer.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1148

                                 Pronunciatory

   Pro*nun"ci*a*to*ry  (?),  a.  Of  or pertaining to pronunciation; that
   pronounces.

                                     Proof

   Proof (?), n. [OF. prove, proeve, F. preuve, fr. L. proba, fr. probare
   to prove. See Prove.]

   1. Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover
   a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.

     For  whatsoever  mother  wit  or  art  Could work, he put in proof.
     Spenser.

     You shall have many proofs to show your skill. Ford.

     Formerly,  a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits
     was practiced, called the proof. Ure.

   2.  That  degree  of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or
   fact,  and  produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce,
   or  tend  to  induce,  certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence;
   demonstration.

     I'll have some proof. Shak.

     It  is  no  proof  of  a  man's understanding to be able to confirm
     whatever he pleases. Emerson.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr operly sp eaking, pr oof is the effect or result of
     evidence, evidence is the medium of proof. Cf. Demonstration, 1.

   3.  The  quality  or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or
   hardness  that  resists  impression,  or  does  not  yield  to  force;
   impenetrability of physical bodies.

   4. Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.

   5.  (Print.) A trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or
   examination; -- called also proof sheet.

   6.  (Math.)  A  process  for  testing  the  accuracy  of  an operation
   performed. Cf. Prove, v. t., 5.

   7.  Armor  of  excellent  or  tried  quality, and deemed impenetrable;
   properly, armor of proof. [Obs.] Shak.
   Artist's  proof, a very early proof impression of an engraving, or the
   like;  --  often  distinguished  by  the  artist's signature. -- Proof
   reader,  one  who  reads, and marks correction in, proofs. See def. 5,
   above.   Syn.   --   Testimony;  evidence;  reason;  argument;  trial;
   demonstration. See Testimony.

                                     Proof

   Proof, a.

   1. Used in proving or testing; as, a proof load, or proof charge.

   2.   Firm   or  successful  in  resisting;  as,  proof  against  harm;
   waterproof; bombproof.

     I . . . have found thee Proof against all temptation. Milton.

     This was a good, stout proof article of faith. Burke.

   3.  Being  of  a certain standard as to strength; -- said of alcoholic
   liquors.<--  in  the  United  States,  "proof" is a measure of alcohol
   concentration  expressed  as  percent  of  the concentration of "proof
   spirit"  defined below, i.e. a beverage of 100 proof is 50% alcohol by
   volume. -->
   Proof charge (Firearms), a charge of powder and ball, greater than the
   service  charge,  fired  in  an  arm,  as a gun or cannon, to test its
   strength.  --  Proof  impression.  See under Impression. -- Proof load
   (Engin.), the greatest load than can be applied to a piece, as a beam,
   column, etc., without straining the piece beyond the elastic limit. --
   Proof  sheet.  See  Proof,  n.,  5.  -- Proof spirit (Chem.), a strong
   distilled liquor, or mixture of alcohol and water, containing not less
   than  a standard amount of alcohol. In the United States "proof spirit
   is  defined  by  law  to  be  that  mixture of alcohol and water which
   contains  one  half  of  its  volume of alcohol, the alcohol when at a
   temperature  of  60°  Fahrenheit  being  of  specific  gravity  0.7939
   referred to water at its maximum density as unity. Proof spirit has at
   60°  Fahrenheit  a specific gravity of 0.93353, 100 parts by volume of
   the same consisting of 50 parts of absolute alcohol and 53.71 parts of
   water,"  the  apparent excess of water being due to contraction of the
   liquids  on  mixture.  In  England  proof spirit is defined by Act 58,
   George  III.,  to  be such as shall at a temperature of 51° Fahrenheit
   weigh  exactly  the  part of an equal measure of distilled water. This
   contains  49.3  per  cent  by  weight, or 57.09 by volume, of alcohol.
   Stronger  spirits,  as  those  of  about  60,  70,  and 80 per cent of
   alcohol,  are sometimes called second, third, and fourth proof spirits
   respectively.  -- Proof staff, a straight-edge used by millers to test
   the  flatness  of a stone. -- Proof stick (Sugar Manuf.), a rod in the
   side  of  a  vacuum  pan, for testing the consistency of the sirup. --
   Proof text, a passage of Scripture used to prove a doctrine. <-- proof
   coin  or proof, a coin which has been specially struck, to produce the
   finest specimen of its type.

     NOTE: Usually su ch coins are double-struck from polished dies, and
     the  raised  features are sometimes frosted. They thus have sharper
     features  and  more  mirror-like fields than production coins (i.e.
     those  coins  struck  for circulation); they are considered by coin
     collectors  as  the  most  desirable  specimens  of  each coin, and
     usually sell at a premium to their corresponding production coins.

   -->

                                   Proof-arm

   Proof`-arm"  (?),  v. t. To arm with proof armor; to arm securely; as,
   to proof-arm herself. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

                                   Proofless

   Proof"less,  a.  Wanting  sufficient  evidence  to  induce belief; not
   proved. Boyle. -- Proof"less*ly, adv.

                                  Proof-proof

   Proof"-proof`,  a. Proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong. "That
   might have shown to any one who was not proof-proof." Whateley.

                                Pro\'94stracum

   Pro*\'94s"tra*cum  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pro\'94straca  (#).  [NL.,  fr. Gr.
   (Zo\'94l.)  The  anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone
   of   belemnites  and  allied  fossil  cephalopods,  whether  horny  or
   calcareous. See Illust. of Phragmocone.

                                  Pro\'94tic

   Pro*\'94"tic  (?),  a.  [Pref.  pro-  +  Gr.  (Anat.)  In front of the
   auditory  capsule;  --  applied  especially  to  a  bone, or center of
   ossification, in the periotic capsule. -- n. A pro\'94tic bone.

                                     Prop

   Prop (?), n. A shell, used as a die. See Props.

                                     Prop

   Prop  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Propping.]
   [Akin  to  LG.  &  D.  proppen  to  cram, stuff, thrust into, stop, G.
   pfropfen,  Dan.  proppe,  Sw.  proppa;  of  uncertain  origin,  cf. G.
   pfropfen  to graft, fr. L. propago set, layer of a plant, slip, shoot.
   Cf.  3d.  Prop,  Propagate.]  To  support, or prevent from falling, by
   placing  something  under or against; as, to prop up a fence or an old
   building;  (Fig.)  to  sustain;  to  maintain; as, to prop a declining
   state. Shak.

     Till the bright mountains prop the incumbent sky. Pope.

     For being not propp'd by ancestry. Shak.

     I prop myself upon those few supports that are left me. Pope.

                                     Prop

   Prop,  n.  [Akin  to  LG., D., & Dan. prop stopple, stopper, cork, Sw.
   propp,  G.  pfropf.  See  Prop,  v.]  That which sustains an incumbent
   weight;  that on which anything rests or leans for support; a support;
   a stay; as, a prop for a building. "Two props of virtue." Shak.

                       Prop\'91deutic, Prop\'91deutical

   Pro`p\'91*deu"tic   (?),   Pro`p\'91*deu"tic*al   (?),   a.  [Gr.  Of,
   pertaining  to, or conveying, preliminary instruction; introductory to
   any art or science; instructing beforehand.

                                Prop\'91deutics

   Pro`p\'91*deu"tics (?), n. The preliminary learning connected with any
   art or science; preparatory instruction.

                                  Propagable

   Prop"a*ga*ble (?), a. [See Propagate.]

   1. Capable of being propagated, or of being continued or multiplied by
   natural generation or production.

   2.  Capable  of  being  spread  or  extended  by any means; -- said of
   tenets, doctrines, or principles.

                                  Propaganda

   Prop`a*gan"da  (?),  n.  [Abbrev.  fr.  L.  de propaganda fide: cf. F.
   propagande. See Propagate.]

   1.  (R.  C. Ch.) (a) A congregation of cardinals, established in 1622,
   charged  with  the  management  of  missions.  (b)  The college of the
   Propaganda,  instituted  by Urban VIII. (1623-1644) to educate priests
   for missions in all parts of the world.

   2. Hence, any organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine
   or a system of principles.

                                 Propagandism

   Prop`a*gan"dism (?), n. [Cf. F. propagandisme.] The art or practice of
   propagating tenets or principles; zeal in propagating one's opinions.

                                 Propagandist

   Prop`a*gan"dist  (?),  n. [Cf. F. propagandiste.] A person who devotes
   himself  to  the  spread  of  any  system  of  principles.  "Political
   propagandists."  Walsh.  <--  propagandize.  To  spread one's beliefs.
   Often   used  in  a  negative  sense,  meaning  to  deliberately  make
   misleading  or  false  statements  so  as  to  convert others to one's
   beliefs,  or  to  convince  others  to vote for a particular political
   candidate. -->

                                   Propagate

   Prop"a*gate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propagated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Propagating.] [L. propagatus, p. p. of propagare to propagate, akin to
   propages,  propago, a layer of a plant, slip, shoot. See Pro-, and cf.
   Pact, Prop, Prune, v. t.]

   1.  To  cause  to  continue  or  multiply by generation, or successive
   production; -- applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a breed
   of horses or sheep; to propagate a species of fruit tree.

   2.  To  cause  to  spread  to  extend; to impel or continue forward in
   space; as, to propagate sound or light.

   3.  To  spread  from  person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to
   originate  and  spread;  to carry from place to place; to disseminate;
   as,  to  propagate  a  story  or  report;  to  propagate the Christian
   religion.

     The infection was propagated insensibly. De Foe.

   4. To multiply; to increase. [Obs.]

     Griefs  of  mine  own  lie  heavy  in  my  breast,  Which thou wilt
     propagate. Shak.

   5. To generate; to produce.

     Motion propagated motion, and life threw off life. De Quincey.

   Syn. -- To multiply; continue; increase; spread; diffuse; disseminate;
   promote.

                                   Propagate

   Prop"a*gate,  v.  i.  To  have  young  or  issue;  to  be  produced or
   multiplied  by  generation,  or  by  new shoots or plants; as, rabbits
   propagate rapidly.

     No need that thou Should'st propagate, already infinite. Milton.

                                  Propagation

   Prop`a*ga"tion (?), n. [L. propagatio: cf. F. propagation.]

   1.  The  act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind
   by generation or successive production; as, the propagation of animals
   or plants.

     There  is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by
     propagation. Ray.

   2.  The  spreading  abroad,  or  extension,  of  anything;  diffusion;
   dissemination;  as,  the  propagation of sound; the propagation of the
   gospel. Bacon.

                                  Propagative

   Prop"a*ga*tive  (?),  a.  Producing by propagation, or by a process of
   growth.

                                  Propagator

   Prop"a*ga`tor  (?),  n.  [L.: cf. F. propagateur.] One who propagates;
   one who continues or multiplies.

                                  Propagulum

   Pro*pag"u*lum  (?), n.; pl. Propagula (#). [NL. See Propagate.] (Bot.)
   A runner terminated by a germinating bud.

                                    Propane

   Pro"pane   (?),  n.  [Propyl  +  methane.]  (Chem.)  A  heavy  gaseous
   hydrocarbon,   C3H8,  of  the  paraffin  series,  occurring  naturally
   dissolved  in  crude  petroleum, and also made artificially; -- called
   also propyl hydride.

                                   Propargyl

   Pro*par"gyl  (?),  n.  [Propinyl  +  Gr.  -yl.  So  called because one
   hydrogen atom may be replaced by silver.] (Chem.) Same as Propinyl.

                                 Proparoxytone

   Pro`par*ox"y*tone  (?),  n.  [Gr. Pro-, and Paroxytone.] (Gr. Gram.) A
   word which has the acute accent on the antepenult.

                                    Proped

   Pro"ped (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Proleg.

                                    Propel

   Pro*pel"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Propelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Propelling.]  [L.  propellere,  propulsum;  pro  forward  + pellere to
   drive. See Pulse a beating.] To drive forward; to urge or press onward
   by  force;  to  move,  or cause to move; as, the wind or steam propels
   ships; balls are propelled by gunpowder.

                                   Propeller

   Pro*pel"ler (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, propels.

   2.  A contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of
   a  screw  placed  in  the stern under water, and made to revolve by an
   engine;  a propeller wheel. <-- (b) an analogous device, rotated by an
   engine  at  high  speed to provide the forward thrust which propels an
   airplane  through  the  atmosphere.  On  each  engine  is  a propeller
   consisting  of  a  set  of  at  least  two  elongated  blades attached
   symmetrically to a central rotor. -->

   3. A steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer.
   Propeller  wheel,the screw, usually having two or more blades, used in
   propelling  a  vessel.<--  propeller  blade,  the elongated part of an
   airplane propeller -->

                                    Propend

   Pro*pend"  (?),  v. i. [L. propendere, propensum; pro forward, forth +
   pendere to hang. See Pendent.] To lean toward a thing; to be favorably
   inclined or disposed; to incline; to tend. [R.] Shak.

     We shall propend to it, as a stone falleth down. Barrow.

                                  Propendency

   Pro*pend"en*cy (?), n.

   1. Propensity. [R.]

   2. Attentive deliberation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

                                  Propendent

   Pro*pend"ent  (?),  a.  [L.  propendens,  p. pr.] Inclining forward or
   toward. South.

                                    Propene

   Pro"pene (?), n. [Propyl + ethylene.] (Chem.) Same as Propylene.

                                   Propense

   Pro*pense"  (?)  a. [L. propensus, p. p. See Propend.] Leaning toward,
   in  a  moral  sense;  inclined; disposed; prone; as, women propense to
   holiness. Hooker. -- Pro*pense"ly, adv. -- Pro*pense"ness, n.

                                  Propension

   Pro*pen"sion  (?),  n.  [L. propensio: cf. F. propension. See Propend,
   Propense.]  The  quality  or  state  of being propense; propensity. M.
   Arnold.

     Your full consent Gave wings to my propension. Shak.

                                  Propensity

   Pro*pen"si*ty  (?),  n.;  pl.  Propensities (. The quality or state of
   being  propense;  natural inclination; disposition to do good or evil;
   bias;  bent;  tendency.  "A  propensity to utter blasphemy." Macaulay.
   Syn.  --  Disposition; bias; inclination; proclivity; proneness; bent;
   tendency.

                                   Propenyl

   Pro"pe*nyl (?), n. [Propene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon
   radical,  C3H5,  isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the
   essential residue of glycerin. Cf. Allyl, and Glyceryl.

                                   Propepsin

   Pro*pep"sin  (?),  n.  [Pref.  pro-  +  pepsin.]  (Physiol. Chem.) See
   Persinogen.

                                  Propeptone

   Pro*pep"tone  (?),  n.  [Pref.  pro-  +  peptone.]  (Physiol. Chem.) A
   product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone,
   identical with hemialbumose.

                                    Proper

   Prop"er  (?),  a.  [OE.  propre,  F.  propre,  fr.  L.  proprius.  Cf.
   Appropriate.]

   1.  Belonging to one; one's own; individual. "His proper good" [i. e.,
   his own possessions]. Chaucer. "My proper son." Shak.

     Now  learn  the difference, at your proper cost, Betwixt true valor
     and an empty boast. Dryden.

   2.  Belonging  to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not
   common;  particular;  as,  every  animal  has his proper instincts and
   appetites.

     Those  high  and  peculiar  attributes  .  . . which constitute our
     proper humanity. Coleridge.

   3.  Befitting  one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect;
   appropriate;  right;  fit; decent; as, water is the proper element for
   fish; a proper dress.

     The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.

     In  Athens  all  was  pleasure,  mirth, and play, All proper to the
     spring, and sprightly May. Dryden.

   4.  Becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome. [Archaic] "Thou art
   a proper man." Chaucer.

     Moses  .  . . was hid three months of his parents, because they saw
     he was a proper child. Heb. xi. 23.

   5.  Pertaining  to  one of a species, but not common to the whole; not
   appellative;  --  opposed  to common; as, a proper name; Dublin is the
   proper name of a city.

   6.  Rightly  so  called;  strictly  considered; as, Greece proper; the
   garden proper.

   7. (Her.) Represented in its natural color; -- said of any object used
   as a charge.
   In  proper,  individually;  privately.  [Obs.]  Jer. Taylor. -- Proper
   flower  OR corolla (Bot.), one of the single florets, or corollets, in
   an  aggregate  or  compound  flower.  --  Proper  fraction  (Arith.) a
   fraction  in  which  the  numerator  is  less than the denominator. --
   Proper  nectary  (Bot.),  a nectary separate from the petals and other
   parts  of  the  flower. -- Proper noun (Gram.), a name belonging to an
   individual,  by  which  it  is  distinguished  from others of the same
   class; -- opposed to common noun; as, John, Boston, America. -- Proper
   perianth  OR  involucre  (Bot.),  that  which  incloses  only a single
   flower.  -- Proper receptacle (Bot.), a receptacle which supports only
   a single flower or fructification.

                                    Proper

   Prop"er,  adv.  Properly;  hence,  to a great degree; very; as, proper
   good. [Colloq & Vulgar]

                                   Properate

   Prop"er*ate  (?),  v.  t.  &  i. [L. properatus, p. p. of properare to
   hasten.] To hasten, or press forward. [Obs.]

                                  Properation

   Prop`er*a"tion  (?),  n. [L. properatio.] The act of hastening; haste.
   [Obs.] T. Adams.

                                 Properispome

   Pro*per"i*spome (?), n. (Gr. Gram.) Properispomenon.

                                Properispomenon

   Pro*per`i*spom"e*non  (?),  n.;  pl. Properispomena (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
   Perispomenon.]  (Gr.  Gram.) A word which has the circumflex accent on
   the penult.

                                   Properly

   Prop"er*ly (?), adv.

   1.  In a proper manner; suitably; fitly; strictly; rightly; as, a word
   properly applied; a dress properly adjusted. Milton.

   2. Individually; after one's own manner. [Obs.]

     Now, harkeneth, how I bare me properly. Chaucer.

                                  Properness

   Prop"er*ness, n.

   1. The quality of being proper.

   2. Tallness; comeliness. [Obs.] Udall.

                                  Propertied

   Prop"er*tied  (?),  a.  Possessing  property;  holding real estate, or
   other investments of money. "The propertied and satisfied classes." M.
   Arnold.

                                   Property

   Prop"er*ty (?), n.; pl. Properties (#). [OE. proprete, OF. propret\'82
   property,   F.   propret\'82  neatness,  cleanliness,  propri\'82t\'82
   property, fr. L. proprietas. See Proper, a., and cf. Propriety.]

   1.  That  which  is proper to anything; a peculiar quality of a thing;
   that  which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; an
   attribute; as, sweetness is a property of sugar.

     Property  is  correctly  a  synonym for peculiar quality; but it is
     frequently  used  as  coextensive  with  quality in general. Sir W.
     Hamilton.

     NOTE: &hand; In  ph ysical sc ience, th e pr operties of matter are
     distinguished   to   the   three  following  classes:  1.  Physical
     properties,  or  those which result from the relations of bodies to
     the   physical   agents,  light,  heat,  electricity,  gravitation,
     cohesion,  adhesion, etc., and which are exhibited without a change
     in  the  composition  or  kind  of matter acted on. They are color,
     luster,  opacity,  transparency,  hardness,  sonorousness, density,
     crystalline  form,  solubility,  capability  of  osmotic diffusion,
     vaporization,  boiling,  fusion,  etc.  2.  Chemical properties, or
     those  which  are  conditioned  by  affinity and composition; thus,
     combustion,   explosion,   and   certain  solutions  are  reactions
     occasioned   by   chemical   properties.  Chemical  properties  are
     identical  when there is identity of composition and structure, and
     change  according  as  the  composition  changes.  3.  Organoleptic
     properties,  or  those forming a class which can not be included in
     either  of the other two divisions. They manifest themselves in the
     contact  of  substances with the organs of taste, touch, and smell,
     or  otherwise  affect  the  living  organism,  as  in the manner of
     medicines and poisons.

   2.  An  acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art, or
   bestowed  by  man;  as,  the  poem has the properties which constitute
   excellence.

   3.  The  exclusive  right  of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a
   thing; ownership; title.

     Here  I  disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of
     blood. Shak.

     Shall man assume a property in man? Wordsworth.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1149

   4. That to which a person has a legal title, whether in his possession
   or not; thing owned; an estate, whether in lands, goods, or money; as,
   a man of large property, or small property.

   5.  pl.  All the adjuncts of a play except the scenery and the dresses
   of the actors; stage requisites.

     I will draw a bill of properties. Shak.

   6. Propriety; correctness. [Obs.] Camden.
   Literary  property.  (Law)  See  under Literary. -- Property man<-- or
   prop man -->, one who has charge of the "properties" of a theater.

                                   Property

   Prop"er*ty (?), v. t.

   1. To invest which properties, or qualities. [Obs.] Shak.

   2. To make a property of; to appropriate. [Obs.]

     They have here propertied me. Shak.

                                   Prophane

   Pro*phane" (?), a. & v. t. See Profane. [Obs.]

                                   Prophasis

   Proph"a*sis   (?),   n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  Pro-,  and  Phasis.]  (Med.)
   Foreknowledge of a disease; prognosis.

                                   Prophecy

   Proph"e*cy  (?), n.; pl. Prophecies (#), [OE. prophecie, OF. profecie,
   F. proph\'82tie, L. prophetia, fr. Gr. , fr. Prophet.]

   1.  A  declaration  of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction;
   esp., an inspired foretelling.

     He hearkens after prophecies and dreams. Shak.

     Prophecy came not in old time by the will of man. 2. Pet. i. 21.

   2.  (Script.)  A  book  of  prophecies; a history; as, the prophecy of
   Ahijah. 2 Chron. ix. 29.

   3.  Public  interpretation  of  Scripture;  preaching;  exhortation or
   instruction.

                                  Prophesier

   Proph"e*si`er (?), n. A prophet. Shak.

                                   Prophesy

   Proph"e*sy  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Prophesied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prophesying (?).] [See Prophecy.]

   1. To foretell; to predict; to prognosticate.

     He doth not prophesy good concerning me. 1 Kings xxii. 8.

     Then  I perceive that will be verified Henry the Fifth did sometime
     prophesy. Shak.

     2. To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.

     Methought  thy  very  gait  did  prophesy A royal nobleness; I must
     embrace thee. Shak.

                                   Prophesy

     Proph"e*sy, v. i.

     1.  To  utter  predictions;  to make declaration of events to come.
     Matt. xv. 7.

     2.  To  give  instruction  in  religious  matters;  to interpret or
     explain  Scripture  or religious subjects; to preach; to exhort; to
     expound. Ezek. xxxvii. 7.

                                    Prophet

     Proph"et (?), n. [F. proph\'8ate, L. propheta, fr. Gr. Fame. ]

     1.  One  who  prophesies,  or  foretells  events;  a  predicter;  a
     foreteller.

     2.  One  inspired  or  instructed  by  God to speak in his name, or
     announce future events, as, Moses, Elijah, etc.

     3. An interpreter; a spokesman. [R.] Ex. vii. 1.

     4. (Zo\'94l.) A mantis.

   School  of  the  prophets  (Anc. Jewish Hist.), a school or college in
   which  young  men  were  educated  and  trained for public teachers or
   members of the prophetic order. These students were called sons of the
   prophets.
   
                                  Prophetess
                                       
   Proph"et*ess,  n.  [Cf.  F.  proph\'82tesse, L. prophetissa.] A female
   prophet. 

                            Prophetic, Prophetical

   Pro*phet"ic   (?),   Pro*phet"ic*al   (?),  a.  [L.  propheticus,  Gr.
   proph\'82tique.]  Containing,  or pertaining to, prophecy; foretelling
   events;  as,  prophetic  writings;  prophetic  dreams; -- used with of
   before the thing foretold.

     And fears are oft prophetic of the event. Dryden.

                                Propheticality

   Pro*phet`ic*al"i*ty (?), n. Propheticalness.

                                 Prophetically

   Pro*phet"ic*al*ly  (?),  adv.  In  a  prophetical  manner;  by  way of
   prediction.

                                Propheticalness

   Pro*phet"ic*al*ness,  n.  The  quality  or state of being prophetical;
   power or capacity to foretell.

                                  Prophetize

   Proph"et*ize  (?),  v.  i.  [L.  prophetizare, Gr. proph\'82tiser. Cf.
   Prophesy.]  To give predictions; to foreshow events; to prophesy. [R.]
   "Prophetizing dreams." Daniel.

                                   Prophoric

   Pro*phor"ic (?), a. [Gr. Enunciative. [R.]

                                  Prophragma

   Pro*phrag"ma  (?),  n.; pl. Prophragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
   An  internal  dorsal chitinous process between the first two divisions
   of the thorax of insects.

                                 Prophylactic

   Proph`y*lac"tic  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F. prophylactique.] (Med.) A medicine
   which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.

                         Prophylactic, Prophylactical

   Proph`y*lac"tic  (?), Proph`y*lac"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. prophylactique.]
   (Med.) Defending or preserving from disease; preventive. Coxe.

                                  Prophylaxis

   Proph`y*lax"is  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Prophylactic.]  (Med.) The art of
   preserving  from,  or  of  preventing,  disease; the observance of the
   rules  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  health;  preservative or
   preventive treatment.

                                    Propice

   Pro*pice"  (?),  a.  [OE.,  fr.  F.  propice,  See  Propitious.]  Fit;
   propitious. [Obs.] E. Hall.

                                   Propidene

   Pro"pi*dene  (?),  n. [Propyl + ethylidene.] (Chem.) The unsymmetrical
   hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, CH3.CH2.CH, analogous to ethylidene,
   and  regarded as the type of certain derivatives of propane; -- called
   also propylidene.

                                  Propination

   Prop`i*na"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  propinatio.  See  Propine.]  The act of
   pledging,  or  drinking  first,  and then offering the cup to another.
   [Obs.] Abp. Potter.

                                    Propine

   Pro*pine" (?), v. t. [L. propinare, Gr.

   1.  To  pledge;  to  offer  as  a  toast  or a health in the manner of
   drinking, that is, by drinking first and passing the cup. [Obs.]

     The  lovely  sorceress  mixed, and to the prince Health, peace, and
     joy propined. C. Smart.

   2. Hence, to give in token of friendship. [Obs.]

   3. To give, or deliver; to subject. [Obs.] Fotherby.

                                    Propine

   Pro*pine" (?), n.

   1. A pledge. [Obs. or Scot.]

   2. A gift; esp., drink money. [Obs or Scot.]

                                    Propine

   Pro"pine (?), n. [Propyl + ethine.] (Chem.) Same as Allylene.

                                  Propinquity

   Pro*pin"qui*ty   (?),  n.  [L.  propinquitas,  from  propinquus  near,
   neighboring, from prope near.]

   1. Nearness in place; neighborhood; proximity.

   2. Nearness in time. Sir T. Browne.

   3. Nearness of blood; kindred; affinity. Shak.

                                   Propinyl

   Pro"pi*nyl  (?),  n.  [Propine  +  -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical
   regarded as an essential residue of propine and allied compounds.

                                  Propiolate

   Pro"pi*o*late (?), n. A salt of propiolic acid.

                                   Propiolic

   Pro`pi*ol"ic (?), a. [Propionic + tetrolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating,  an  organic  acid  (called also propargylic acid) of the
   acetylene  or  tetrolic  series,  analogous  to  propionic  acid,  and
   obtained  as a white crystalline substance.<-- also called 2-propynoic
   acid, and acetylenecarboxylic acid. C3H2O2, CH.C.COOH -->

                                  Propionate

   Pro"pi*o*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of propionic acid.

                                   Propione

   Pro"pi*one (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a
   colorless fragrant liquid.

                                   Propionic

   Pro`pi*on"ic  (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. pi`wn fat.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
   derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is produced in the
   distillation   of   wood,  in  the  fermentation  of  various  organic
   substances,  as  glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and is obtained as a
   colorless  liquid  having  a sharp, pungent odor. Propionic acid is so
   called  because  it  is  the  first or lowest member of the fatty acid
   series whose salts have a fatty feel.

                                   Propionyl

   Pro"pi*o*nyl  (?), n. (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C3H5O, regarded
   as  the  essential  residue  of  propionic  acid  and  certain related
   compounds.

                                  Propithecus

   Prop`i*the"cus  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus including the
   long-tailed, or diadem, indris. See Indris.

                                  Propitiable

   Pro*pi"ti*a*ble   (?),   a.   [L.  propitiabilis.]  Capable  of  being
   propitiated.

                                  Propitiate

   Pro*pi"ti*ate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propitiated (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Propitiating.] [L. propitiatus, p. p. of propitiare to propitiate,
   fr.  propitius  favorable.  See  Propitious.]  To  appease  to  render
   favorable; to make propitious; to conciliate.

     Let  fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage, The god propitiate, and
     the pest assuage. Pope.

                                  Propitiate

   Pro*pi"ti*ate, v. i. To make propitiation; to atone.

                                 Propitiation

   Pro*pi`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. propitiatio: cf. F. propitiation.]

   1.  The  act  of  appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an
   offended person; the act of making propitious.

   2.  (Theol.)  That  which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice;
   specifically,  the  influence  or  effects  of  the death of Christ in
   appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor.

     He [Jesus Christ] is the propitiation for our sins. 1 John ii. 2.

                                  Propitiator

   Pro*pi"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who propitiates or appeases.

                                Propitiatorily

   Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of propitiation.

                                 Propitiatory

   Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry  (?),  a. [L. propitiatorius: cf. F. propitiatoire.]
   Having  the  power  to make propitious; pertaining to, or employed in,
   propitiation; expiatory; as, a propitiatory sacrifice. Sharp.

                                 Propitiatory

   Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry,  n.  [L. propitiatorium.] (Jewish Antiq.) The mercy
   seat;  --  so  called because a symbol of the propitiated Jehovah. Bp.
   Pearson.

                                  Propitious

   Pro*pi"tious  (?),  a.  [L.  propitius,  perhaps  originally a term of
   augury  meaning, flying forward (pro) or well; cf. Skr. pat to fly, E.
   petition, feather.]

   1. Convenient; auspicious; favorable; kind; as, a propitious season; a
   propitious breeze.

   2.  Hence, kind; gracious; merciful; helpful; -- said of a person or a
   divinity. Milton.

     And  now  t'  assuage  the  force  of this new flame, And make thee
     [Love] more propitious in my need. Spenser.

   Syn.  --  Auspicious;  favorable;  kind.  --  Propitious,  Auspicious.
   Auspicious  (from  the  ancient  idea  of  auspices, or omens) denotes
   "indicative  of  success," or "favored by incidental occurrences;" as,
   an  auspicious  opening;  an auspicious event. Propitious denotes that
   which  efficaciously  protect  us  in  some  undertaking,  speeds  our
   exertions,  and  decides our success; as, propitious gales; propitious
   influences. -- Pro*pi"tious*ly, adv. -- Pro*pi"tious*ness, n.

                                   Proplasm

   Pro"plasm (?), n. [L. proplasma, Gr. A mold; a matrix. [R.] Woodward.

                                  Proplastic

   Pro*plas"tic (?), a. Forming a mold.

                                  Proplastics

   Pro*plas"tics (?), n. The art of making molds for castings. [R.]

                                    Propleg

   Prop"leg`  (?),  n.  [So  called  because  it props up or supports the
   body.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Proleg.

                                   Propodial

   Pro*po"di*al  (?),  a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the propodialia, or
   the parts of the limbs to which they belong.

                                  Propodiale

   Pro*po`di*a"le  (?),  n.;  pl. Propodialia. (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
   The  bone  of either the upper arm or the thing, the propodialia being
   the humerus and femur.

                                   Propodite

   Prop"o*dite  (?), n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The sixth joint of a
   typical leg of a crustacean; usually, the penultimate joint.

                                   Propodium

   Pro*po"di*um   (?),  n.;  pl.  Propodia  (#).  [NL.  See  Propodiale.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  (a) The anterior portion of the foot of a mollusk. (b) The
   segment   which   forms   the  posterior  part  of  the  thorax  of  a
   hymenopterous insect. [Written also propodeum.]

                                   Propolis

   Pro"po*lis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Same as Bee glue, under Bee.

                                    Propone

   Pro*pone"  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  proponere  to propose. See Propound.] To
   propose; to bring forward.

                                   Proponent

   Pro*po"nent   (?),   a.  [L.  proponens,  p.  pr.]  Making  proposals;
   proposing.

                                   Proponent

   Pro*po"nent, n.

   1. One who makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition. Dryden.

   2. (Law) The propounder of a thing.

                                  Proportion

   Pro*por"tion  (?),  n. [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before + portio part
   or share. See Portion.]

   1.  The  relation  or  adaptation of one portion to another, or to the
   whole,   as   respect  magnitude,  quantity,  or  degree;  comparative
   relation;  ratio; as, the proportion of the parts of a building, or of
   the body.

     The image of Christ, made after his own proportion. Ridley.

     Formed in the best proportions of her sex. Sir W. Scott.

     Documents  are authentic and facts are true precisely in proportion
     to the support which they afford to his theory. Macaulay.

   2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different things of the
   same  kind; symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; as, to be
   out  of  proportion.  "Let  us prophesy according to the proportion of
   faith." Rom. xii. 6.

   3.  The  portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or
   principle; equal or proper share; lot.

     Let  the  women  .  . . do the same things in their proportions and
     capacities. Jer. Taylor.

   4. A part considered comparatively; a share.

   5.  (Math.)  (a)  The  equality or similarity of ratios, especially of
   geometrical  ratios;  or  a  relation  among  quantities such that the
   quotient  of  the  first divided by the second is equal to that of the
   third divided by the fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in
   distinction  from  arithmetical  proportion,  or  that  in  which  the
   difference  of  the first and second is equal to the difference of the
   third and fourth.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr oportion in  th e ma thematical se nse differs from
     ratio. Ratio is the relation of two quantities of the same kind, as
     the  ratio  of  5 to 10, or the ratio of 8 to 16. Proportion is the
     sameness  or  likeness of two such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to
     16;  that  is,  5  bears  the  same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16.
     Hence,  such  numbers  are  said to be in proportion. Proportion is
     expressed by symbols thus: a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d, or a/b = c/d.

   (b)  The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three given terms,
   together  with the one sought, are proportional. Continued proportion,
   Inverse  proportion,  etc.  See  under  Continued,  Inverse,  etc.  --
   Harmonical,  OR  Musical,  proportion,  a  relation  of  three or four
   quantities,  such  that  the  first  is  to the last as the difference
   between the first two is to the difference between the last two; thus,
   2,  3, 6, are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus,
   24,  16,  12,  9,  are  harmonical,  for  24:9::8:3. -- In proportion,
   according  as;  to  the  degree  that.  "In  proportion  as  they  are
   metaphysically true, they are morally and politically false." Burke.
   
                                  Proportion
                                       
   Pro*por"tion,  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Proportioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Proportioning.] [Cf. F. proportionner. Cf. Proportionate, v.]
   
   1.  To  adjust  in  a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to
   another;  as,  to  proportion the size of a building to its height; to
   proportion our expenditures to our income.
   
     In the loss of an object we do not proportion our grief to the real
     value . . . but to the value our fancies set upon it. Addison.
     
   2. To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.

     Nature had proportioned her without any fault. Sir P. Sidney.

   3. To divide into equal or just shares; to apportion.

                                Proportionable

   Pro*por"tion*a*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being proportioned, or made
   proportional;      also,      proportional;      proportionate.     --
   Pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness, n.

     But  eloquence may exist without a proportionable degree of wisdom.
     Burke.

     Proportionable, which is no longer much favored, was of our [i. e.,
     English writers'] own coining. Fitzed. Hall.

                                Proportionably

   Pro*por"tion*a*bly, adv. Proportionally. Locke.

                                 Proportional

   Pro*por"tion*al (?), a. [L. proportionalis: cf. F. proportionnel.]

   1. Having a due proportion, or comparative relation; being in suitable
   proportion  or  degree;  as, the parts of an edifice are proportional.
   Milton.

   2. Relating to, or securing, proportion. Hutton.
   3.  (Math.) Constituting a proportion; having the same, or a constant,
   ratio;  as,  proportional  quantities;  momentum  is  proportional  to
   quantity  of matter. Proportional logarithms, logistic logarithms. See
   under  Logistic.  --  Proportional  scale, a scale on which are marked
   parts  proportional  to  the  logarithms  of  the  natural  numbers; a
   logarithmic  scale.  -- Proportional scales, compasses, dividers, etc.
   (Draughting),  instruments  used  in  making  copies  of  drawings, or
   drawings of objects, on an enlarged or reduced scale.

                                 Proportional

   Pro*por"tion*al, n.

   1.  (Math.)  Any  number  or  quantity  in  a  proportion;  as, a mean
   proportional.

   2. (Chem.) The combining weight or equivalent of an element. [Obs.]

                                Proportionality

   Pro*por`tion*al"i*ty  (?),  n. [Cf. F. proportionnalit\'82.] The state
   of being in proportion. Coleridge.

                                Proportionally

   Pro*por"tion*al*ly  (?),  adv.  In  proportion; in due degree; adapted
   relatively;  as,  all  parts of the building are proportionally large.
   Sir I. Newton.

                                 Proportionate

   Pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. [L. proportionatus. See Proportion.] Adjusted
   to something else according to a proportion; proportional. Longfellow.

     What is proportionate to his transgression. Locke.

                                 Proportionate

   Pro*por"tion*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportionated (?); p. pr. &
   vb. n. Proportionating.] [Cf. Proportion, v.] To make proportional; to
   adjust according to a settled rate, or to due comparative relation; to
   proportion; as, to proportionate punishment to crimes.

                                Proportionately

   Pro*por"tion*ate*ly  (,  adv.  In  a  proportionate  manner;  with due
   proportion; proportionally.

                               Proportionateness

   Pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being proportionate.
   Sir M. Hale.
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   Page 1150

                                Proportionless

   Pro*por"tion*less (?), a. Without proportion; unsymmetrical.

                                Proportionment

   Pro*por"tion*ment   (?),  n.  The  act  or  process  of  dividing  out
   proportionally.

                                   Proposal

   Pro*pos"al (?), n. [From Propose.]

   1.  That  which  is  proposed,  or  propounded  for  consideration  or
   acceptance;  a  scheme or design; terms or conditions proposed; offer;
   as,  to  make  proposals for a treaty of peace; to offer proposals for
   erecting  a  building;  to  make  proposals of marriage. "To put forth
   proposals for a book." Macaulay.

   2. (Law) The offer by a party of what he has in view as to an intended
   business  transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.
   Syn. -- Proffer; tender; overture. See Proposition.

                                    Propose

   Pro*pose"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Proposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Proposing.]  [F. proposer; pref. pro- (L. pro for, forward) + poser to
   place. See Pose, v.]

   1. To set forth. [Obs.]

     That  being proposed brimfull of wine, one scarce could lift it up.
     Chapman.

   2.  To  offer  for consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption;
   as,  to  propose terms of peace; to propose a question for discussion;
   to propose an alliance; to propose a person for office.

   3.  To  set before one's self or others as a purpose formed; hence, to
   purpose; to intend.

     I  propose to relate, in several volumes, the history of the people
     of New England. Palfrey.

   To propose to one's self, to intend; to design.

                                    Propose

   Pro*pose", v. i.

   1. To speak; to converse. [Obs.]

     There shalt thou find my cousin Beatrice, Proposing with the prince
     and Claudio. Shak.

   2.  To  form  or  declare  a purpose or intention; to lay a scheme; to
   design; as, man proposes, but God disposes.

   3. To offer one's self in marriage.

                                    Propose

   Pro*pose",  n.  [F.  propos, L. propositum. See Propound, Purpose, n.]
   Talk; discourse. [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Proposer

   Pro*pos"er (?), n.

   1. One who proposes or offers anything for consideration or adoption.

   2. A speaker; an orator. [Obs.] Shak.

                                  Proposition

   Prop`o*si"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  propositio:  cf.  F.  proposition.  See
   Propound.]

   1.  The  act  of  setting  or  placing  before;  the  act of offering.
   "Oblations for the altar of proposition." Jer. Taylor.

   2.   That   which   is   proposed;  that  which  is  offered,  as  for
   consideration, acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; as, the enemy made
   propositions of peace; his proposition was not accepted.

   3.  A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed; as,
   the propositions of Wyclif and Huss.

     Some  persons  .  .  . change their propositions according as their
     temporal necessities or advantages do turn. Jer. Taylor.

   4.  (Gram.  &  Logic)  A  complete  sentence,  or  part  of a sentence
   consisting  of  a  subject and predicate united by a copula; a thought
   expressed  or  propounded  in  language;  a  from of speech in which a
   predicate is affirmed or denied of a subject; as, snow is white.

   5.  (Math.)  A statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated, or of
   an operation to be performed.

     NOTE: &hand; It  is  ca lled a  th eorem when it is something to be
     proved, and a problem when it is something to be done.

   6.  (Rhet.)  That  which  is offered or affirmed as the subject of the
   discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.

   7.  (Poetry) The part of a poem in which the author states the subject
   or matter of it.
   Leaves of proposition (Jewish Antiq.), the showbread. Wyclif (Luke vi.
   4).  Syn.  -- Proposal; offer; statement; declaration. -- Proposition,
   Proposal.  These  words are both from the Latin verb proponere, to set
   forth,  and  as here compared they mark different forms or stages of a
   negotiation.  A  proposition  is something presented for discussion or
   consideration;  as, propositions of peace. A proposal is some definite
   thing offered by one party to be accepted or rejected by the other. If
   the  proposition  is  favorably  received,  it  is usually followed by
   proposals which complete the arrangement.

                                 Propositional

   Prop`o*si"tion*al  (?),  a.  Pertaining  to,  or  in  the nature of, a
   proposition;  considered  as a proposition; as, a propositional sense.
   I. Watts.

                                   Propound

   Pro*pound"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Propounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Propounding.]  [From earlier propone, L. proponere, propositum, to set
   forth,  propose,  propound;  pro  for,  before  +  ponere  to put. See
   Position, and cf. Provost.]

   1. To offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose; as, to propound
   a question; to propound an argument. Shak.

     And  darest  thou  to  the  Son  of  God  propound To worship thee,
     accursed? Milton.

     It  is  strange folly to set ourselves no mark, to propound no end,
     in the hearing of the gospel. Coleridge.

   2.  (Eccl.)  To  propose  or  name  as  a  candidate  for admission to
   communion with a church.

                                  Propounder

   Pro*pound"er  (?),  n.  One  who  propounds,  proposes,  or offers for
   consideration. Chillingworth.

                                   Propretor

   Pro*pre"tor  (?),  n.  [L.  propraetor;  pro  for,  before + praetor a
   pretor.]  (Rom.  Antiq.) A magistrate who, having been pretor at home,
   was   appointed  to  the  government  of  a  province.  [Written  also
   propr\'91tor.]

                                  Proprietary

   Pro*pri"e*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Proprietaries (#). [L. proprietarius: cf.
   F. propri\'82taire. See Propriety, and cf. Proprietor.]

   1.  A proprietor or owner; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one
   who  possesses,  or  holds  the  title  to,  a thing in his own right.
   Fuller.

   2. A body proprietors, taken collectively.

   3.  (Eccl.)  A  monk  who  had  reserved goods and effects to himself,
   notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of profession.

                                  Proprietary

   Pro*pri"e*ta*ry, a. [L. proprietarius.] Belonging, or pertaining, to a
   proprietor;  considered  as property; owned; as, proprietary medicine.
   Proprietary  articles,  manufactured  articles  which  some  person or
   persons have exclusive right to make and sell. U. S. Statutes.

                                  Proprietor

   Pro*pri"e*tor (?), n. [For older proprietary: cf. F. propri\'82tarie.]
   One who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything, whether in
   possession or not; an owner; as, the proprietor of farm or of a mill.

                                 Proprietorial

   Pro*pri`e*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary;
   as, proprietorial rights.

                                Proprietorship

   Pro*pri"e*tor*ship (?), n. The state of being proprietor; ownership.

                                 Proprietress

   Pro*pri"e*tress (?), n. A female proprietor.

                                   Propriety

   Pro*pri"e*ty  (?),  n.;  pl.  Proprieties (#). [F. propri\'82t\'82, L.
   proprietas, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Property, Proper.]

   1.  Individual  right  to  hold property; ownership by personal title;
   property.  [Obs.]  "Onles  this propriety be exiled." Robynson (More's
   Utopia).

     So are the proprieties of a wife to be disposed of by her lord, and
     yet  all  are  for  her  provisions, it being a part of his need to
     refresh and supply hers. Jer. Taylor.

   2.  That which is proper or peculiar; an inherent property or quality;
   peculiarity. [Obs.] Bacon.

     We  find  no  mention  hereof  in ancient zo\'94graphers, . . . who
     seldom forget proprieties of such a nature. Sir T. Browne.

   3.   The  quality  or  state  of  being  proper;  suitableness  to  an
   acknowledged  or correct standard or rule; consonance with established
   principles, rules, or customs; fitness; appropriateness; as, propriety
   of behavior, language, manners, etc. "The rule of propriety," Locke.

                                  Proproctor

   Pro*proc"tor  (?), n. [Pref. pro- + proctor.] [Eng. Univ.] A assistant
   proctor. Hook.

                                     Props

   Props  (?),  n.  pl.  A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each
   called a prop, are used instead of dice.

                                 Propterygium

   Prop`te*ryg"i*um  (?),  n;  pl. Propterygia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)
   The anterior of three principal cartilages in the fins of some fishes.
   -- Prop`ter*yg"i*al (#), a.

                                    Propugn

   Pro*pugn"  (?),  v. t. [L. propugnare; pro for + pugnare to fight.] To
   contend for; to defend; to vindicate. [Obs.] Hammond.

                                  Propugnacle

   Pro*pug"na*cle (?), n. [L. propugnaculum.] A fortress. [Obs.] Howell.

                                 Propugnation

   Pro`pug*na"tion  (?),  n. [L. propugnatio.] Means of defense; defense.
   [Obs.] Shak.

                                   Propugner

   Pro*pugn"er  (?),  n.  A defender; a vindicator. "Zealous propugners."
   Gov. of Tongue.

                                 Propulsation

   Pro`pul*sa"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  propulsatio. See Propulse.] The act of
   driving away or repelling; a keeping at a distance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

                                   Propulse

   Pro*pulse"  (?),  v.  t. [L. propulsare, v. intens. from propellere to
   propel. See Propel.] To repel; to drive off or away. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

                                  Propulsion

   Pro*pul"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. propulsion. See Propel.]

   1.  The act driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling;
   as, steam propulsion.

   2. An impelling act or movement.

     God works in all things; all obey His first propulsion. Whittier.

                                  Propulsive

   Pro*pul"sive  (?), a. Tending, or having power, to propel; driving on;
   urging. "[The] propulsive movement of the verse." Coleridge.

                                  Propulsory

   Pro*pul"so*ry (?), a. Propulsive.

                                    Propyl

   Pro"pyl  (?),  n.  [Propionic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical
   C3H7,  regarded  as  the  essential  residue  of  propane  and related
   compounds.

                                 Propyl\'91um

   Prop`y*l\'91"um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Propyl\'91a  (#).  [L., fr. Gr. (Anc.
   Classical  Arch.)  Any court or vestibule before a building or leading
   into any inclosure.

                                   Propylene

   Pro"pyl*ene (?), n. [Cf. F. propyl\'8ane.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous
   hydrocarbon  (C3H6)  of  the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. It
   occurs  in  coal  gas,  and  is produced artificially in various ways.
   Called also propene.

                                   Propylic

   Pro*pyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
   propyl; as, propylic alcohol.

                                  Propylidene

   Pro*pyl"i*dene (?), n. (Chem.) See Propidene.

                                   Propylon

   Prop"y*lon,  n.;  pl.  Propyla  (#).  [NL.,  from Gr. (Anc. Arch.) The
   porch, vestibule, or entrance of an edifice.

                                   Pro rata

   Pro`  ra"ta (?). [L.] In proportion; proportionately; according to the
   share, interest, or liability of each.

                                  Proratable

   Pro*rat"a*ble   (?),   a.   Capable  of  being  prorated,  or  divided
   proportionately. [U.S.]

                                    Prorate

   Pro*rate"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Prorated;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Prorating.] [From L. pro rata (sc. parte) according to a certain part,
   in  proportion.] To divide or distribute proportionally; to assess pro
   rata. [U.S.]

                                     Prore

   Prore  (?),  n.  [L.  prora, Gr. prora. See Prow, n.] The prow or fore
   part of a ship. [Poetic] "Galleys with vermilion prores." Pope.

                                   Prorector

   Pro*rec"tor  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Pro-,  and  Rector.]  An officer who
   presides over the academic senate of a German university. Heyse.

                                 Prorectorate

   Pro*rec"tor*ate (?), n. The office of prorector.

                                   Prorenal

   Pro*re"nal (?), a. [Pref. pro- + renal.] (Anat.) Pronephric.

                                  Proreption

   Pro*rep"tion  (?),  n. [L. prorepere, proreptum, to creep forth; pro +
   repere.] A creeping on.

                                   Prorhinal

   Pro*rhi"nal  (?),  a. [Pref. pro- + rhinal.] (Anat.) Situated in front
   of the nasal chambers.

                                   Prorogate

   Pro"ro*gate (?), v. t. To prorogue. [R.]

                                  Prorogation

   Pro`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. prorogatio: cf. F. prorogation.]

   1. The act of counting in duration; prolongation. [Obs.] South.

   2. The act of proroguing; the ending of the session of Parliament, and
   postponing of its business, by the command of the sovereign. [Eng.]

     NOTE: &hand; Af ter an adjournment all things continue as they were
     at  the  adjournment; whereas, after a prorogation, bill introduced
     and nut passed are as if they had never been begun at all.

   Mozley & W.

                                   Prorogue

   Pro*rogue"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Prorogued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Proroguing (?).] [F. proroger, L. prorogare, prorogatum; pro forward +
   rogare to ask, to ask one for his opinion or vote, or about a law. See
   Rogation.]

   1. To protract; to prolong; to extend. [Obs.]

     He prorogued his government. Dryden.

   2.  To defer; to delay; to postpone; as, to proroguedeath; to prorogue
   a marriage. Shak.

   3.  To  end  the session of a parliament by an order of the sovereign,
   thus deferring its business.

     Parliament was prorogued to [meet at] Westminster. Bp. Hall.

     The Parliament was again prorogued to a distant day. Macaulay.

   Syn. -- To adjourn; postpone; defer. See Adjourn.

                                  Proruption

   Pro*rup"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  proruptio,  fr. prorumpere, proruptum, to
   break  forth;  pro  forth  +  rumpere  to  break.] The act or state of
   bursting forth; a bursting out. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                              Prosaic, Prosaical

   Pro*sa"ic  (?),  Pro*sa"ic*al  (?), a. [L. prosaius, from prosa prose:
   cf. F,. prosa\'8bque. See Prose.]

   1.  Of or pertaining to prose; resembling prose; in the form of prose;
   unpoetical;  writing  or  using  prose;  as,  a  prosaic  composition.
   Cudworth.

   2.  Dull;  uninteresting;  commonplace;  unimaginative;  prosy;  as, a
   prosaic    person.    Ed.    Rev.    --   Pro*sa"ic*al*ly,   adv.   --
   Pro*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

                                  Prosaicism

   Pro*sa"i*cism (?), n. The quality or state of being prosaic; a prosaic
   manner or style. [R.] Poe.

                                   Prosaism

   Pro"sa*ism  (?),  n.  That  which  is  in the form of prose writing; a
   prosaic manner. Coleridge.

                                   Prosaist

   Pro"sa*ist  (?;  277), n. A writer of prose; an unpoetical writer. "An
   estimable prosaist." I. Taylor.

                                    Prosal

   Pro"sal (?), a Of or pertaining to prose; prosaic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Proscenium

   Pro*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Proscenia (#). [L., fr. Gr. Scene.]

   1. (Anc. Theater) The part where the actors performed; the stage.

   2.  (Modern  Theater)  The  part of the stage in front of the curtain;
   sometimes, the curtain and its framework. <--
   proscenium arch, the framework around the front of the stage. -->

                                   Proscolex

   Pro*sco"lex  (?), n.; pl. Proscolices (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An
   early larval form of a trematode worm; a redia. See Redia.

                                   Proscribe

   Pro*scribe"  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Proscribing.]  [L.  proscribere,  proscriptum,  to  write  before,  to
   publish,  proscribe;  pro  before + scribere to write. See Scribe. The
   sense  of  this  word  originated in the Roman practice of writing the
   names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public.]

   1.  To  doom  to  destruction; to put out of the protection of law; to
   outlaw;  to  exile;  as,  Sylla  and  Marius  proscribed  each other's
   adherents.

     Robert  Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford,  . . . was banished the realm, and
     proscribed. Spenser.

   2.  To  denounce  and  condemn;  to  interdict;  to  prohibit; as, the
   Puritans proscribed theaters.

     The Arian doctrines were proscribed and anathematized in the famous
     Council of Nice. Waterland.

                                  Proscriber

   Pro*scrib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proscribes, denounces, or
   prohibits.

                                   Proscript

   Pro"script (?), n. [See Proscribe.]

   1. A proscription; a prohibition; an interdict. [R.]

   2. One who is proscribed. [R.]

                                 Proscription

   Pro*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. proscriptio: cf. F. proscription.]

   1.  The  act  of  proscribing;  a dooming to death or exile; outlawry;
   specifically,  among  the ancient Romans, the public offer of a reward
   for  the head of a political enemy; as, under the triumvirate, many of
   the best Roman citizens fell by proscription.

     Every  victory  by  either  party had been followed by a sanguinary
     proscription. Macaulay.

   2.   The   state  of  being  proscribed;  denunciation;  interdiction;
   prohibition. Macaulay.

                                Proscriptional

   Pro*scrip"tion*al (?), a. Proscriptive.

                                Proscriptionist

   Pro*scrip"tion*ist, n. One who proscribes.

                                 Proscriptive

   Pro*scrip"tive  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to proscription; consisting
   in,  or  of  the  nature  of,  proscription;  proscribing.  Burke.  --
   Pro*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

                                     Prose

   Prose  (?),  n.  [F.  prose,  L.  prosa, fr. prorsus, prosus, straight
   forward,  straight  on,  for proversus; pro forward + versus, p. p. of
   vertere to turn. See Verse.]

   1.  The  ordinary language of men in speaking or writing; language not
   cast in poetical measure or rhythm; -- contradistinguished from verse,
   or metrical composition.

     I speak in prose, and let him rymes make. Chaucer.

     Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme. Milton.

     I  wish our clever young poets would remember my homely definitions
     of  prose  and poetry, that is; prose -- words in their best order;
     poetry -- the best order. Coleridge.

   2. Hence, language which evinces little imagination or animation; dull
   and commonplace discourse.

   3. (R. C. Ch.) A hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into
   the Mass. See Sequence.

                                     Prose

   Prose, a.

   1.  Pertaining  to,  or  composed  of,  prose; not in verse; as, prose
   composition.

   2.  Possessing  or exhibiting unpoetical characteristics; plain; dull;
   prosaic; as, the prose duties of life.

                                     Prose

   Prose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prosing.]

   1. To write in prose.

   2. To write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way.

                                     Prose

   Prose, v. i.

   1. To write prose.

     Prosing or versing, but chiefly this latter. Milton.

                                   Prosector

   Pro*sec"tor  (?),  n. [L., an anatomist, from prosecare to cut up; pro
   before  +  secare  to  cut.]  One who makes dissections for anatomical
   illustration; usually, the assistant of a professional anatomist.

                                 Prosecutable

   Pros"e*cu`ta*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being  prosecuted;  liable to
   prosecution.
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                                   Prosecute

   Pros"e*cute  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosecuted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prosecuting.] [L. prosecutus, p. p. of prosequi to follow, pursue. See
   Pursue.]

   1.  To  follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish;
   to  endeavor  to  obtain or complete; to carry on; to continue; as, to
   prosecute a scheme, hope, or claim.

     I  am  beloved Hermia; Why should not I, then, prosecute my right ?
     Shak.

   2.  To  seek to obtain by legal process; as, to prosecute a right or a
   claim in a court of law.

   3.  (Law) To pursue with the intention of punishing; to accuse of some
   crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment, before
   a  legal  tribunal;  to proceed against judicially; as, to prosecute a
   man for trespass, or for a riot.

     To acquit themselves and prosecute their foes. Milton.

                                   Prosecute

   Pros"e*cute, v. i.

   1. To follow after. [Obs.] Latimer.

   2.  (Law)  To  institute  and  carry  on  a  legal prosecution; as, to
   prosecute for public offenses. Blackstone.

                                  Prosecution

   Pros`e*cu"tion (?), n. [L. prosecutio a following.]

   1.  The  act  or  process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or
   accomplish  something;  pursuit  by  efforts  of body or mind; as, the
   prosecution of a scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the prosecution
   of war.

     Keeping  a sharp eye on her domestics . . . in prosecution of their
     various duties. Sir W. Scott.

   2.  (Law)  (a) The institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of
   law  or  equity,  to  obtain some right, or to redress and punish some
   wrong;  the  carrying  on  of  a  judicial  proceeding  in behalf of a
   complaining party, as distinguished from defense. (b) The institution,
   or  commencement,  and  continuance of a criminal suit; the process of
   exhibiting formal charges against an offender before a legal tribunal,
   and  pursuing  them  to  final  judgment  on  behalf  of  the state or
   government,  as  by  indictment  or information. (c) The party by whom
   criminal proceedings are instituted. Blackstone. Burrill. Mozley & W.

                                  Prosecutor

   Pros"e*cu`tor (?), n. [Cf. L.prosecutor an attendant.]

   1. One who prosecutes or carries on any purpose, plan, or business.

   2.  (Law)  The  person  who  institutes and carries on a criminal suit
   against another in the name of the government. Blackstone.

                                  Prosecutrix

   Pros"e*cu`trix (?), n. [NL.] A female prosecutor.

                                   Proselyte

   Pros"e*lyte  (?), n. [OE. proselite, OF. proselite, F. proselytus, Gr.
   A new convert especially a convert to some religion or religious sect,
   or  to  some  particular  opinion,  system,  or party; thus, a Gentile
   converted  to  Judaism,  or  a  pagan  converted to Christianity, is a
   proselyte.

     Ye  [Scribes  and  Pharisees]  compass  sea  and  land  to make one
     proselyte. Matt. xxiii. 15.

     Fresh  confidence  the  speculatist  takes  From  every harebrained
     proselyte he makes. Cowper.

   Syn. -- See Convert.

                                   Proselyte

   Pros"e*lyte,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Proselyted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Proselyting.]  To  convert  to  some  religion, opinion, or system; to
   bring over.<-- se proselytize --> Dr. H. More.

                                  Proselytism

   Pros"e*ly*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. pros\'82lytisme.]

   1.  The  act  or  practice of proselyting; the making of converts to a
   religion or a religious sect, or to any opinion, system, or party.

     They  were  possessed  of  a  spirit  of  proselytism  in  the most
     fanatical degree. Burke.

   2. Conversion to a religion, system, or party.

                                  Proselytize

   Pros"e*ly*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. proselytized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Proselytizing  (?).] To convert to some religion, system, opinion,
   or the like; to bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte.

     One of those whom they endeavor to proselytize. Burke.

                                  Proselytize

   Pros"e*ly*tize, v. i. To make converts or proselytes.

                                 Proselytizer

   Pros"e*ly*ti`zer, n. One who proselytes.

                                   Proseman

   Prose"man (?), n. A writer of prose. [R.]

                                  Proseminary

   Pro*sem"i*na*ry  (?), n. A seminary which prepares pupils for a higher
   institution. T. Warton.

                                 Prosemination

   Pro*sem`i*na"tion   (?),   n.   [L.   proseminare,   proseminatum,  to
   disseminate.] Propagation by seed. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

                                Prosencephalic

   Pros*en`ce*phal"ic   (?),   a.   (Anat.)   Of  or  pertaining  to  the
   prosencephalon.

                                Prosencephalon

   Pros`en*ceph"a*lon  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  encephalon.] [Sometimes
   abbreviated  to proen.] (Anat.) (a) The anterior segment of the brain,
   including  the  cerebrum  and  olfactory lobes; the forebrain. (b) The
   cerebrum. Huxley.

                                  Prosenchyma

   Pros*en"chy*ma  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. -enchyma, as in parenchyma.]
   (Bot.)  A  general  term  applied  to  the tissues formed of elongated
   cells,  especially  those  with pointed or oblique extremities, as the
   principal cells of ordinary wood.

                                    Proser

   Pros"er (?), n.

   1. A writer of prose. [Obs.]

   2. One who talks or writes tediously. Sir W. Scott.

                                  Prosiliency

   Pro*sil"i*en*cy  (?),  n.  [L.  prosilere  to  leap forth.] The act of
   leaping  forth  or  forward; projection. "Such prosiliency of relief."
   Coleridge.

                                    Prosily

   Pros"i*ly (?), adv. In a prosy manner.

                                 Prosimetrical

   Pros`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Prose + metrical.] Consisting both of prose
   and verse. Clarke.

                                  Prosimi\'91

   Pro*sim"i*\'91  (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-. and Simia.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
   as Lemuroidea.

                                   Prosiness

   Pros"i*ness  (?), n. The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness;
   tiresomeness.

                                    Prosing

   Pros"ing,  n. Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy
   manner. Sir W. Scott.

                                   Prosingly

   Pros"ing*ly, adv. Prosily.

                                   Prosiphon

   Pro*si"phon  (?),  n.  [Pref.  pro- for + siphon.] (Zo\'94l.) A minute
   tube found in the protocon

                                  Proslavery

   Pro*slav"er*y  (?), a. [Pref. pro- + slavery.] Favoring slavery. -- n.
   Advocacy of slavery.

                                  Prosobranch

   Pros"o*branch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Prosobranchiata.

                                Prosobranchiata

   Pros`o*bran`chi*a"ta  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The highest
   division,  or  subclass,  of  gastropod mollusks, including those that
   have  the  gills situated anteriorly, or forward of the heart, and the
   sexes separate.

                                 Prosoc\'d2le

   Pros"o*c\'d2le   (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Anat.)  The  entire  cavity  of  the
   prosencephalon. B. G. Wilder.

                                 Prosoc\'d2lia

   Pros`o*c\'d2"li*a  (?),  n.; pl. Prosoc\'d2lle (#), [NL.] (Anat.) Same
   as Prosoc\'d2le.

                                  Prosodiacal

   Pros`o*di"a*cal (?), a. Prosodical.

                                 Prosodiacally

   Pros`o*di"a*cal*ly, adv. Prosodically.

                                   Prosodial

   Pro*so"di*al (?), a. Prosodical.

                                   Prosodian

   Pro*so"di*an (?), n. A prosodist. Rush.

                                  Prosodical

   Pro*sod"ic*al  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  prosodique,  L. prosodiacus.] Of or
   pertaining   to  prosody;  according  to  the  rules  of  prosody.  --
   Pro*sod"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                   Prosdist

   Pros"dist (?), n. One skilled in prosody.

                                    Prosody

   Pros"o*dy  (?),  n. [L. prosodia the tone or accent of a syllable, Gr.
   prosodie.  See Ode.] That part of grammar which treats of the quantity
   of  syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical
   composition.

                                    Prosoma

   Pro*so"ma  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prosomata.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.) The
   anterior  of  the body of an animal, as of a cephalopod; the thorax of
   an arthropod.

                                  Prosopalgia

   Pros`o*pal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Facial neuralgia.

                                Prosopocephala

   Pros`o*po*ceph`a*la  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
   Scaphopoda.

                                 Prosopolepsy

   Pros`o*po*lep"sy  (?),  n.  [Gr.  Respect  of  persons;  especially, a
   premature  opinion  or  prejudice  against  a  person, formed from his
   external appearance. [R.] Addison.

Prosopop Pros`o*po*p (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure by which things are
represented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated
beings; also, a figure by which an absent person is introduced as speaking, or
      a deceased person is represented as alive and present. It includes
         personification, but is more extensive in its signification.

                                Prosopulmonata

   Pros`o*pul`mo*na"ta   (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  pulmo  a  lung.]
   (Zo\'94l.) A division of pulmonate mollusks having the breathing organ
   situated on the neck, as in the common snail.

                                   Prospect

   Pros"pect  (?), n. [L. prospectus, fr. prospicere, prospectum, to look
   forward; pro before, forward + specere, spicere, look, to see: cf. OF.
   prospect. See Spy, v., and cf. Prospectus.]

   1.  That  which is embraced by eye in vision; the region which the eye
   overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.

     His eye discovers unaware The goodly prospect of some foreign land.
     Milton.

   2.  Especially,  a  picturesque  or widely extended view; a landscape;
   hence, a sketch of a landscape.

     I went to Putney . . . to take prospects in crayon. Evelyn.

   3. A position affording a fine view; a lookout. [R.]

     Him God beholding from his prospect high. Milton.

   4.  Relative  position  of the front of a building or other structure;
   face; relative aspect.

     And their prospect was toward the south. Ezek. xl. 44.

   5. The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; as, a prospect
   of the future state. Locke.

     Is  he  a  prudent man as to his temporal estate, that lays designs
     only  for  a  day,  without  any prospect to, or provision for, the
     remaining part of life ? Tillotson.

   6.   That  which  is  hoped  for;  ground  for  hope  or  expectation;
   expectation;  probable  result;  as,  the  prospect  of  success.  "To
   brighter prospects born." Cowper.

     These  swell  their  prospectsd  exalt their pride, When offers are
     disdain'd, and love deny'd. Pope.

                                   Prospect

   Pros"pect,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Prospected;  p.  pr.  &  vb.  n.
   Prospecting.]  To  look over; to explore or examine for something; as,
   to prospect a district for gold.

                                   Prospect

   Pros"pect,  v.  i. To make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines
   or the like; as, to prospect for gold.

                                  Prospection

   Pro*spec"tion  (?), n. The act of looking forward, or of providing for
   future wants; foresight.

                                  Prospective

   Pro*spec"tive  (?),  a.  [L.  prospectivus:  cf.  F.  prospectif.  See
   Prospect, n.]

   1. Of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect; perspective.
   [Obs.]

     Time's long and dark prospective glass. Milton.

   2.  Looking  forward  in  time;  acting  with foresight; -- opposed to
   retrospective.

     The  French  king  of  Sweden  are  circumspect,  industrious,  and
     prospective, too, in this affair. Sir J. Child.

   3.   Being  within  view  or  consideration,  as  a  future  event  or
   contingency;  relating  to  the  future:  expected;  as, a prospective
   benefit.

     Points  on  which  the  promises, at the time of ordination, had no
     prospective bearing. W. Jay.

                                  Prospective

   Pro*spec"tive (?), n.

   1.  The  scene  before or around, in time or in space; view; prospect.
   Sir H. Wotton.

   2. A perspective glass. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beau. & Fl.

                                 Prospectively

   Pro*spec"tive*ly, adv. In a prospective manner.

                                Prospectiveness

   Pro*spec"tive*ness, n. Quality of being prospective.

                                 Prospectless

   Pros"pect*less (?), a. Having no prospect.

                                  Prospector

   Pros"pect*or  (?),  n.  [L.,  one  who  looks out.] One who prospects;
   especially,  one  who  explores  a  region  for  minerals and precious
   metals.

                                  Prospectus

   Pro*spec"tus  (?), n. [L., a prospect, sight, view: cf. F. prospectus.
   See  Prospect.]  A  summary,  plan,  or  scheme of something proposed,
   affording  a  prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the
   scheme of an unpublished literary work.

                                    Prosper

   Pros"per  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Prospered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prospering.]  [F.  prosp\'82rer  v. i., or L. prosperare, v. i., or L.
   prosperare,  v.  t.,  fr.  prosper  or  prosperus. See Prosperous.] To
   favor;  to  render  successful.  "Prosper  thou our handiwork." Bk. of
   Common Prayer.

     All things concur toprosper our design. Dryden.

                                    Prosper

   Pros"per, v. i.

   1.  To  be  successful;  to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to
   thrive; to make gain.

     They,  in  their  earthly  Canaan placed, Long time shall dwell and
     prosper. Milton.

   2. To grow; to increase. [Obs.]

     Black cherry trees prosper even to considerable timber. Evelyn.

                                  Prosperity

   Pros*per"i*ty  (?),  n.  [F.  prosp\'82rit\'82,  L.  prosperitas.  See
   Prosperous.]  The  state  of  being  prosperous;  advance  or  gain in
   anything  good  or  desirable;  successful progress in any business or
   enterprise;  attainment  of the object desired; good fortune; success;
   as, commercial prosperity; national prosperity.

     Now prosperity begins to mellow. Shak.

     Prosperities  can  only  be  enjoyed by them who fear not at all to
     lose the Jer. Taylor.

   Syn.  --  Fortunate;  successful;  flourishing;  thriving;  favorable;
   auspicious;   lucky.   See  Fortunate.  --  Pros"per*ous*ly,  adv.  --
   Pros"per*ous*ness, n.

                                  Prosphysis

   Pros"phy*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A growing together of parts;
   specifically, a morbid adhesion of the eyelids to each other or to the
   eyeball. Dunglison.

                                 Prospicience

   Pro*spi"cience  (?),  n. [L. prospicientia, fr. prospiciens, p. pr. of
   prospicere. See Prospect.] The act of looking forward.

                                   Prostate

   Pros"tate  (?),  a.[Gr. prostate.] (Anat.) Standing before; -- applied
   to  a  gland  which  is  found  in  the  males of most mammals, and is
   situated  at  the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra. --
   n. The prostate gland.

                                   Prostatic

   Pro*stat"ic  (?),  a.  (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prostate gland.
   Prostatic catheter. (Med.) See under Catheter.

                                  Prostatitis

   Pros`ta*ti"tis   (?),   n.  [NL.  See  Prostate,  and  -itis.]  (Med.)
   Inflammation of the prostate.

                                 Prosternation

   Pros`ter*na"tion  (?), n. [F. See Prostration.] Dejection; depression.
   [Obs.] Wiseman.

                                  Prosternum

   Pro*ster"num  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Pro-  and  Sternum.] (Zo\'94l.) The
   ventral plate of the prothorax of an insect.

                                  Prosthesis

   Pros"the*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Surg.) The addition to the human body of some artificial part, to
   replace  one  that  is  wanting,  as  a  log or an eye; -- called also
   prothesis.

   2.  (Gram.) The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a
   word, as in beloved.

                                  Prosthetic

   Pros*thet"ic  (?),  a.  [Cf.  Gr.  Of  or  pertaining  to  prosthesis;
   prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word.

                                 Prostibulous

   Pros*tib"u*lous  (?), a. [L. prostibulum prostitute.] Of or pertaining
   to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious. [Obs.] Bale.

                                  Prostitute

   Pros"ti*tute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostituted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prostituting.]  [L.  prostitutus,  p. p. of prostituere to prostitute;
   pro before, forth + statuere to put, place. See Statute.]

   1.  To  offer,  as  a woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for
   hire. "Do not prostitute thy daughter." Lev. xix. 29. 

   2.  To  devote  to  base  or  unworthy  purposes; to give up to low or
   indiscriminate  use; as, to prostitute talents; to prostitute official
   powers. Milton.

                                  Prostitute

   Pros"ti*tute,  a. [L. prostitutus, p. p.] Openly given up to lewdness;
   devoted to base or infamous purposes.

     Made bold by want, and prostitute for bread. Prior

                                  Prostitute

   Pros"ti*tute, n. [L. prostituta.]

   1. A woman giver to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.

   2.  A  base  hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous
   employments for hire.

     No hireling she, no prostitute to praise. Pope.

                                 Prostitution

   Pros`ti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. prostitutio: cf. F. prostitution.]

   1.  The  act  or  practice  of prostituting or offering the body to an
   indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.

   2.  The  act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous
   purposes  what  is  in one's power; as, the prostitution of abilities;
   the prostitution of the press. "Mental prostitution." Byron.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1152

                                  Prostitutor

   Pros"ti*tu`tor  (?),  n.  [L.]  One  who  prostitutes; one who submits
   himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes. Bp. Hurd.

                                  Prostomium

   Pro*sto"mi*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prostomia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
   That portion of the head of an annelid situated in front of the mouth.
   -- Pro*sto"mi*al (#), a.

                                   Prostrate

   Pros"trate  (?), a. [L. prostratus, p. p. of prosternere to prostrate;
   pro  before,  forward  +  sternere  to  spread  out,  throw  down. See
   Stratum.]

   1.  Lying  at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other
   surface; stretched out; as, to sleep prostrate Elyot.

     Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire. Milton.

   2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. Dryden.

   3. Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.

     Prostrate  fall  Before  him reverent, and there confess Humbly our
     faults. Milton.

   4. (Bot.) Trailing on the ground; procumbent.

                                   Prostrate

   Pros"trate  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Prostrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Prostrating.]

   1. To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to prostrate the
   body; to prostrate trees or plants. Evelyn.

   2. to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to
   ruin;  as,  to  prostrate  a  village;  to  prostrate a government; to
   prostrate law or justice.

   3.  To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause
   to  bow  in  humble  reverence;  used  reflexively;  as, he prostrated
   himself. Milman.

   4.  To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a
   person prostrated by fever.

                                  Prostration

   Pros*tra"tion (?), n. [L. prostratio: cf. F. prostration.]

   1.  The  act  of  prostrating,  throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the
   prostration of the body.

   2.  The  act  of  falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration;
   primarily,  the  act  of  falling  on the face, but usually applied to
   kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.

     A greater prostration of reason than of body. Shak.

   3.  The  condition  of  being  prostrate;  great  depression; lowness;
   dejection;  as,  a  postration  of  spirits.  "A sudden prostration of
   strength." Arbuthnot.

   4.  (Med.)  A  latent,  not an exhausted, state of the vital energies;
   great oppression of natural strength and vigor.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr ostration, in  its medical use, is analogous to the
     state of a spring lying under such a weight that it is incapable of
     action;  while  exhaustion  is  analogous  to the state of a spring
     deprived of its elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to
     denote any great depression of the vital powers.

                                   Prostyle

   Pro"style (?), a. [L. prostylus, Gr. prostyle.] (Arch.) Having columns
   in front. -- n. A prostyle portico or building.

                                     Prosy

   Pros"y (?), a. [Compar. Prosier (?); superl. Prosiest.]

   1. Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.

   2. Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.

                                  Prosylogism

   Pro*sy"lo*gism  (?),  n. [Pref. pro- + syllogism.] (Logic) A syllogism
   preliminary   or   logically   essential  to  another  syllogism;  the
   conclusion  of  such  a  syllogism,  which  becomes  a  premise of the
   following syllogism.

                                   Protactic

   Pro*tac"tic  (?),  a. [Gr. Giving a previous narrative or explanation,
   as   of   the   plot  or  personages  of  a  play;  introductory.  <--
   Protactinium.  A  radioactive  chemical element. Atomic symbol Pa; at.
   no.  91;  at. wt. of longest-lived isotope, 231 (T = 32,500 yrs.) Also
   called brevium, Uranium X2 and UX2. -->

                                   Protagon

   Pro"ta*gon (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. Protagonist. So called because it was
   the  first  definitely  ascertained principle of the brain.] (Physiol.
   Chem.)  A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By
   decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.

                                  Protagonist

   Pro*tag"o*nist (?), n. [Gr. One who takes the leading part in a drama;
   hence,  one  who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict,
   or the like.

     Shakespeare,  the  protagonist  on  the  great of modern poetry. De
     Quincey.

                                   Protamin

   Pro"ta*min  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Physiol.  Chem.) An amorphous nitrogenous
   substance  found  in  the  spermatic fluid of salmon. It is soluble in
   water,  which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and metallic
   bases.

                                  Protandric

   Pro*tan"dric  (?),  a.  [Proto-  +  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.) Having male sexual
   organs  while young, and female organs later in life. -- Pro*tan"trism
   (#), n.

                                  Protandrous

   Pro*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Proterandrous.

                                   Protasis

   Prot"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1. A proposition; a maxim. Johnson.

   2.  (Gram.)  The  introductory  or  subordinate  member of a sentence,
   generally  of  a  conditional  sentence;  --  opposed to apodosis. See
   Apodosis.

   3.  The  first  part  of  a  drama,  of  a  poem,  or  the  like;  the
   introduction; opposed to epitasis. B. Jonson.

                                   Protatic

   Pro*tat"ic  (?),  a. [Gr. protaticus, F. protatique.] Of or pertaining
   to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.

                                  Proteaceous

   Pro`te*a"ceous  (?), a. [From Proteus.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the
   Proteace\'91,  an  order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives
   of the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia.

                                    Protean

   Pro"te*an (?), a.

   1.  Of  or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus. " Protean
   transformations." Cudworth.

   2.  Exceedingly  variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms;
   as,  an  am\'d2ba  is  a  protean  animalcule. <-- 3. displaying great
   variety or versatility. -->

                                   Proteanly

   Pro"te*an*ly, adv. In a protean manner. Cudworth.

                                    Protect

   Pro*tect"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Protected;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Protecting.] [L. protectus, p. p. of protegere, literally, to cover in
   front; pro before + tegere to cover. See Tegument.] To cover or shield
   from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as,
   a father protects his children.

     The gods of Greece protect you! Shak.

   Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend.

                                 Protectingly

   Pro*tect"ing*ly  (?),  adv.  By  way  of  protection;  in a protective
   manner.

                                  Protection

   Pro*tec"tion (?), n. [L. protectio: cf. F. protection.]

   1.   The   act  of  protecting,  or  the  state  of  being  protected;
   preservation  from  loss,  injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as,
   the weak need protection.

     To your protection I commend me, gods. Shak.

   2.  That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield;
   a refuge.

     Let them rise up . . . and be your protection. Deut. xxxii. 38.

   3.  A  writing  that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a
   pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.

     He . . . gave them protections under his hand. Macaulay.

   4.  (Polit.  Econ.) A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers
   in  a  country  from  foreign  competition  in  the home market by the
   imposition   of   such  discriminating  duties  on  goods  of  foreign
   production  as  will restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed
   to free trade.
   Writ  of  protection.  (Law)  (a)  A  writ  by which the king formerly
   exempted  a person from arrest; -- now disused. [Eng.] Blackstone. (b)
   A judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party,
   juror,  etc.,  intended  to secure him from arrest in coming, staying,
   and  returning. Syn. -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge;
   security; safety.

                                 Protectionism

   Pro*tec"tion*ism  (?),  n.  (Polit.  Econ.)  The doctrine or policy of
   protectionists. See Protection, 4.

                                 Protectionist

   Pro*tec"tion*ist,  n.  (Polit.  Econ.)  One who favors protection. See
   Protection, 4.

                                  Protective

   Pro*tect"ive   (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  protectif.]  Affording  protection;
   sheltering;  defensive.  "  The  favor  of  a  protective Providence."
   Feltham. Protective coloring (Zo\'94l.), coloring which serves for the
   concealment  and  preservation  of  a  living  organism.  Cf. Mimicry.
   Wallace.  --  Protective  tariff  (Polit. Econ.), a tariff designed to
   secure protection (see Protection, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff
   designed to raise revenue. See Tariff, and Protection, 4.

                                Protectiveness

   Pro*tect"ive*ness,  n.  The  quality  or state of being protective. W.
   Pater.

                                   Protector

   Pro*tect"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. protecteur.]

   1.  One  who,  or  that  which,  defends or shields from injury, evil,
   oppression, etc.; a defender; a guardian; a patron.

     For the world's protector shall be known. Waller.

   2.  (Eng.  Hist.) One having the care of the kingdom during the king's
   minority; a regent.

     Is it concluded he shall be protector ! Shak.

   3.  (R.  C.  Ch.)  A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman
   Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome;
   also,  a  cardinal  who  has the same relation to a college, religious
   order, etc.
   Lord  Protector  (Eng. Hist.), the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme
   governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658).

                                  Protectoral

   Pro*tect"or*al  (?), a. Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial;
   as, protectoral power.

                                 Protectorate

   Pro*tect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. protectorat.]

   1.  Government by a protector; -- applied especially to the government
   of England by Oliver Cromwell.

   2.  The  authority  assumed  by a superior power over an inferior or a
   dependent  one,  whereby  the former protects the latter from invasion
   and shares in the management of its affairs.

                                 Protectorial

   Pro`tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. L. protectorius.] Same as Protectoral.

                                 Protectorless

   Pro*tect"or*less (?), a. Having no protector; unprotected.

                                 Protectorship

   Pro*tect"or*ship, The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.

                            Protectress, Protectrix

   Pro*tect"ress  (?), Pro*tect"rix (?), n. [NL. protectrix.] A woman who
   protects.

                      Prot\'82g\'82, n. m. Prot\'82g\'82e

   Pro`t\'82`g\'82" (?), n. m. Pro`t\'82`g\'82e" (?), n. f. [F., p. p. of
   prot\'82ger.  See  Protect.]  One  under  the  care  and protection of
   another.

                                    Proteid

   Pro"te*id  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class of amorphous
   nitrogenous  principles,  containing,  as  a  rule,  a small amount of
   sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. Proteids
   are  present  in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part
   of  animal tissues and organs. They are also important constituents of
   vegetable  tissues.  See 2d Note under Food. -- Pro"te*id, a.<-- older
   term for protein. -->

                                   Proteidea

   Pro`te*id"e*a  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Proteus, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An
   order  of  aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four
   legs.  It  includes  Proteus  and Menobranchus (Necturus). Called also
   Proteoidea, and Proteida.

                                  Proteiform

   Pro*te"i*form  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.)  Changeable  in form; resembling a
   Proteus, or an am\'d2ba.

                                    Protein

   Pro"te*in  (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first: cf. prwtei^on the first place.]
   (Physiol.  Chem.)  A  body now known as alkali albumin, but originally
   considered  to  be  the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its
   name.<--  This definition is no longer used. Proetin is now defined as
   any  polymer  of  an  amino acid joined by peptide (amide) bonds. Most
   natural proteins have alpha-amino acids as the monomeric constituents.
   All classical enzymes are composed of protein, and control most of the
   biochemical  transformations  carrie dout in living cells. They may be
   soluble,   as  casein,  albumins,  and  other  globular  proteins,  or
   insoluble  (e.  g.  "structural  proteins"),  as  collagen or keratin.
   "albumin",  an  older term for protein, is now used primarily to refer
   to  certain  specific soluble globular proteins found in eggs or blood
   serum,  e.g.  Bovine  serum  albumin,  used  as an enzymatically inert
   protein  in  biochemical  research.  -->  Protein  crystal. (Bot.) See
   Crystalloid, n., 2.

                                 Proteinaceous

   Pro`te*i*na"*ceous  (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Of or related to protein;
   albuminous; proteid.

                                  Proteinous

   Pro*te"i*nous (?), a. Proteinaceuos.

                                   Proteles

   Pro"te*les (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A South Africa genus of Carnivora,
   allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It
   includes the aard-wolf.

                                    Protend

   Pro*tend"  (?)  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Protended;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Protending.] [L. protendere, protensum; pro before, forth + tendere to
   stretch.] To hold out; to stretch forth. [Obs.]

     With his protended lance he makes defence. Dryden

   .

                                   Protense

   Pro*tense"  (?),  n.  [See Protend.] Extension.[Obs.] " By due degrees
   and long protense." Spenser.

                                  Protension

   Pro*ten"sion  (?),  n.  [L. protensio.] A drawing out; extension. [R.]
   Sir W. Hamilton.

                                  Protensive

   Pro*ten"sive (?), a. Drawn out; extended. [R.]

     Time is a protensive quantity. Sir W. Hamilton.

                                  Proteolysis

   Pro`te*ol"y*sis  (?),  n.  [NL. See Proteolytic.] (Physiol. Chem.) The
   digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.

                                  Proteolytic

   Pro`te*o*lyt"ic  (?),  a. [Proteid + Gr. (Physiol.) Converting proteid
   or   albuminous  matter  into  soluble  and  diffusible  products,  as
   peptones. " The proteolytic ferment of the pancreas." Foster.

                                 Proterandrous

   Pro`ter*an"drous  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Bot.)  Having  the  stamens come to
   maturity before the pistil; -- opposed to proterogynous.

                                  Proterandry

   Pro`ter*an"dry (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being proterandrous.

                                 Proteranthous

   Pro`ter*an"thous  (?),  a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having flowers appearing before
   the leaves; -- said of certain plants. Gray.

                                 Proteroglypha

   Pro`te*rog"ly*pha  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of
   serpents  including  those  that have permanently erect grooved poison
   fangs,  with  ordinary  teeth behind them in the jaws. It includes the
   cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also Proteroglyphia.

                                 Proterogynous

   Pro`ter*og"y*nous  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Bot.)  Having  the  pistil come to
   maturity before the stamens; protogynous; -- opposed to proterandrous.

                                 Proterosaurus

   Pro`te*ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
   reptiles of the Permian period. Called also Protosaurus.

                                  Protervity

   Pro*ter"vi*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  protervitas,  from  protervus  violent.]
   Peevishness; petulance. [Obs.] Fuller.

                                    Protest

   Pro*test"  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Protested;  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Protesting.]  [F. protester, L. protestari, pro before + testari to be
   a witness, testis a witness. See Testify.]

   1. To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare
   solemnly; to avow.

     He protest that his measures are pacific. Landor.

     The lady doth protest too much, methinks. Shak.

   2.  To  make  a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of
   opposition;  --  with  against;  as,  he  protest  against your votes.
   Denham.

     The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies
     of the passions. Shak.

   Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare;
   profess. See Affirm.

                                    Protest

   Pro*test", v. t.

   1.  To  make  a  solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to
   display; as, to protest one's loyalty.

     I will protest your cowardice. Shak.

   2.  To  call  as  a  witness  in  affirming or denying, or to prove an
   affirmation; to appeal to.

     Fiercely  [they]  opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar
     Protesting fate supreme. Milton.

   To protest a bill OR note (Law), to make a solemn written declaration,
   in  due  form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for
   any  loss  or  damage  to  be  sustained  by  the nonacceptance or the
   nonpayment  of  the  bill  or note, as the case may be. This should be
   made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix.
   Kent. Story.

                                    Protest

   Pro"test (?), n. [Cf. F. prot\'88t, It. protesto. See Protest, v.]

   1.  A  solemn  declaration  of  opinion,  commonly  a formal objection
   against  some  act;  especially,  a  formal and solemn declaration, in
   writing,  of  dissent  from the proceedings of a legislative body; as,
   the protest of lords in Parliament.

   2.  (Law)  (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a
   notary  public,  usually  under  his  notarial  seal, on behalf of the
   holder  of  a  bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for
   any  loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or
   by  the  nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration
   made  by  the  master  of  a  vessel before a notary, consul, or other
   authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating
   the  particulars  of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained
   was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to
   the  perils  of  the  sea,  etc.,  ads the case may be, and protesting
   against  them.  (c)  A  declaration  made  by a party, before or while
   paying  a  tax,  duty,  or  the  like, demanded of him, which he deems
   illegal,  denying  the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights
   and  claims,  in  order  to  show  that the payment was not voluntary.
   Story. Kent.

                                  Protestancy

   Prot"es*tan*cy (?), n. Protestantism. [R.]

                                  Protestant

   Prot"es*tant (?), n. [F. protestant, fr. L. protestans, -antis, p. pr.
   of  protestare.  See  Protest,  v.]  One  who  protests; -- originally
   applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made
   a  solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles
   V.  and  the  Diet  of  Spires,  in  1529,  against the Reformers, and
   appealed  to  a  general  council;  --  now used in a popular sense to
   designate  any  Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or
   the Greek Church.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1153

                                  Protestant

   Prot"es*tant (?), a. [Cf. F. protestant.]

   1. Making a protest; protesting.

   2.  Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who
   reject  the  authority  of  the  Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant
   writers.

                                Protestantical

   Prot`es*tant"ic*al (?), a. Protestant. [Obs.]

                                 Protestantism

   Prot"es*tant*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. protestantisme.] The quality or state
   of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the
   principles or religion of the Protestants.

                                 Protestantly

   Prot"es*tant*ly,   adv.   Like   a   Protestant;  in  conformity  with
   Protestantism. [R.] Milton.

                                 Protestation

   Prot`es*ta"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  protestatio:  cf. F. protestation. See
   Protest.]

   1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration,
   especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith." Latimer.

   2.  (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the
   party  interposes  an  oblique  allegation  or  denial  of  some fact,
   protesting  that  it  does  or  does  not  exist, and at the same time
   avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.

                                  Protestator

   Prot"es*ta`tor   (?),   n.   [Cf.  F.  protestateur.]  One  who  makes
   protestation; a protester.

                                   Protester

   Pro*test"er (?), n.

   1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration. Shak.

   2. (Law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

                                 Protestingly

   Pro*test"ing*ly, adv. By way of protesting.

                                    Proteus

   Pro"te*us (?), n. [L., Gr.

   1.  (Class.  Myth.)  A  sea  god in the service of Neptune who assumed
   different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance
   or principles.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  (a)  A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in
   caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs.
   The  eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b) A changeable protozoan;
   an  am\'d2ba.  <--  3.  a  genus of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria,
   including some species pathogenic in man. -->

                          Prothalamion, Prothalamium

   Pro`tha*la"mi*on (?), Pro`tha*la"mi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A song in
   celebration of a marriage. Drayton.

                                  Prothallium

   Pro*thal"li*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prothallia  (#).  [NL.] (Bot.) Same as
   Prothallus.

                                  Prothallus

   Pro*thal"lus  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prothalli  (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
   minute  primary growth from the spore of ferns and other Pteridophyta,
   which  bears  the  true  sexual  organs; the o\'94phoric generation of
   ferns, etc.

                                   Prothesis

   Proth"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Eccl.)  A  credence  table;  -- so called by the Eastern or Greek
   Church.

   2. (Med.) See Prosthesis. Dunglison.

                                   Prothetic

   Pro*thet"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  Of  or  pertaining  to  prothesis;  as, a
   prothetic apparatus.

                         Prothonotary, OR Protonotary

   Pro*thon"o*ta*ry  (?), OR Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?), n.; pl> -ries (#). [LL.
   protonotarius, fr. Gr. prw^tos first + L. notarius a shorthand writer,
   a scribe: cf. F. protonotaire.]

   1. A chief notary or clerk. " My private prothonotary." Herrick.

   2.  Formerly,  a  chief  clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the
   Court  of  Common Pleas, now superseded by the master. [Eng.] Wharton.
   Burrill.

   3.  A  register  or  chief  clerk  of a court in certain States of the
   United States.

   4. (R. C. Ch.) Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of
   the  martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve
   persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to
   register  pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record
   of beatifications.

   5. (Gr. Ch.) The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.
   Prothonotary    warbler   (Zo\'94l.),   a   small   American   warbler
   (Protonotaria citrea). The general color is golden yellow, the back is
   olivaceous,  the  rump  and  tail  are  ash-color,  several outer tail
   feathers are partly white.

                               Prothonotaryship

   Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship, n. Office of a prothonotary.

                                  Prothoracic

   Pro`tho*rac"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the prothorax.

                                   Prothorax

   Pro*tho"rax  (?),  n.  [Pref.  pro- + thorax.] (Zo\'94l.) The first or
   anterior  segment  of the thorax in insects. See Illusts. of Butterfly
   and Coleoptera.

                                Pro thyalosoma

   Pro*  thy`a*lo*so"ma  (?),  n.; pl. Prothyalosomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
   (Biol.)  The investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the
   eccentric germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.

                                 Prothyalosome

   Pro*thy"a*lo*some (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Prothyalosoma.

                                    Protist

   Pro"tist (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Protista.

                                   Protista

   Pro*tis"ta  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. prw`tistos first.] (Zo\'94l.) A
   provisional  group  in  which  are  placed a number of low microscopic
   organisms  of  doubtful  nature.  Some  are  probably  plants,  others
   animals.

                                   Protiston

   Pro*tis"ton  (?),  n.;  pl.  Protista (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
   Protista.

                                    Proto-

   Pro"to- (?). [Gr. prw^tos first, a superl. fr. Pro-.]

   1.  A combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as,
   protomartyr,  the  first  martyr;  protomorphic,  primitive  in  form;
   protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan. 

   2.  (Chem.)  (a)  Denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one
   having  the  smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is
   prefixed;  as  protoxide,  protochloride,  etc.  (b) Sometimes used as
   equivalent  to mono-, as indicating that the compound has but one atom
   of  the  element  to  the  name  of  which  it  is prefixed. Also used
   adjectively.

                                Protocanonical

   Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to the first canon, or
   that  which  contains  the  authorized  collection  of  the  books  of
   Scripture; -- opposed to deutero-canonical.

                                Protocatechuic

   Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic  (?),  a.  (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
   designating,  an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline
   substance  from  catechin,  asafetida,  oil  of  cloves,  etc., and by
   distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.

                                  Protocercal

   Pro`to*cer"cal  (?),  a.  [Proto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a caudal fin
   extending  around  the end of the vertebral column, like that which is
   first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.

                                  Protococcus

   Pro`to*coc"cus (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) A genus of
   minute  unicellular  alg\'91 including the red snow plant (Protococcus
   nivalis).

                                   Protocol

   Pro"to*col (?), n. [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. prw^tos the
   first (see Proto-) +

   1.  The  original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch,
   or other instrument. Burrill.

   2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.

   3.  (Diplomacy)  (a)  A  preliminary  document upon the basis of which
   negotiations  are  carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified.
   (c)  An  agreement  of  diplomatists indicating the results reached by
   them  at  a particular stage of a negotiation. <-- 4. A strict code of
   etiquette  for  conduct  of  behavior  among  diplomatic  or  military
   personnel.  5.  A detailed plan for conduct of a scientific or medical
   experiment  or procedure. A term used especially in conduct of medical
   research requiring approval of a regulatory agency. -->

                                   Protocol

   Pro"to*col, v. t. To make a protocol of.

                                   Protocol

   Pro"to*col,  v.  i.  To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to
   issue protocols. Carlyle.

                                  Protocolist

   Pro"to*col`ist, n. One who draughts protocols.

                                  Protoconch

   Pro"to*conch (?), n. [Proto- + conch.] (Zo\'94l.) The embryonic shell,
   or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.

                                  Proto-Doric

   Pro`to-Dor*ic  (?),  a.  [Proto-  +  Doric.] (Arch.) Pertaining to, or
   designating,  architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style
   are supposed to be found.

                                   Protogine

   Pro"to*gine (?), n. [Proto- + root of Gr. protogyne.] (Min.) A kind of
   granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.

                                  Protogynous

   Pro*tog"y*nous  (?),  a.  [Proto  + Gr. gynh` a woman.] (Bot.) Same as
   Proterogynous.

                                  Protohippus

   Pro`to*hip"pus  (?),  n.  [NL.,  from  Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil
   horses  from the Lower Pliocene. They had three toes on each foot, the
   lateral ones being small.

                                  Protomartyr

   Pro"to*mar`tyr  (?),  n.  [LL.,  fr.  Gr. protomartyr. See Proto-, and
   Martyr.] The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in
   any cause; -- applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

                                  Protomerite

   Pro`to*mer"ite  (?), n. [Proto- + -mere + -ite.] (Zo\'94l.) The second
   segment of one of the Gregarin\'91.

                                 Protomorphic

   Pro`to*mor"phic  (?),  a.  [Proto-  +  Gr.  (Biol.)  Having  the  most
   primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic layer of
   tissue. H. Spencer.

                                   Protonema

   Pro`to*ne"ma  (?),  n.;  pl. Protonemata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
   primary  growth  from  the  spore  of  a  moss,  usually consisting of
   branching  confervoid  filaments,  on  any part of which stem and leaf
   buds may be developed.

                                  Protonotary

   Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?), n. Same as Prothonotary.

                               Proto\'94rganism

   Pro`to*\'94r"gan*ism  (?), n. [Proto- + organism.] (Biol.) An organism
   whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to
   either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.

                                  Protopapas

   Pro`to*pap"as (, n. [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Ch.) A protopope.

                                  Protophyte

   Pro"to*phyte  (?),  n.  [Proto- + Gr. (Bot.) Any unicellular plant, or
   plant  forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission,
   gemmation, or cell division.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e pr otophytes (P rotophyta) ar e by some botanists
     considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom,
     and  made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and alg\'91, as
     slime  molds,  Bacteria,  the  nostocs,  etc.  Cf.  Carpophyte, and
     O\'94phyte.

                                Protophytology

   Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Proto- + phytology.] Paleobotany.

                                   Protopine

   Pro"to*pine  (?),  n.  [Proto-  + opium.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in
   opium  in  small  quantities,  and  extracted  as  a white crystalline
   substance.

                                  Protoplasm

   Pro"to*plasm (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. (Biol.) The viscid and more or less
   granular  material  of  vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital
   properties  by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth
   go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell
   substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.

     NOTE: &hand; Th  e lo west fo rms of  an imal an d ve getable li fe
     (unicellular  organisms) consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm;
     the tissues of the higher organisms, of differentiated protoplasm.

                                Protoplasmatic

   Pro`to*plas*mat"ic (?), a. Protoplasmic.

                                 Protoplasmic

   Pro`to*plas"mic (?), a.

   1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.

   2.   (Biol.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  protoplasm;  consisting  of,  or
   resembling, protoplasm.

                                  Protoplast

   Pro"to*plast (?), n. [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr.

   1.  The  thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies
   or reproductions; the original.

   2.  (Biol.)  A  first-formed  organized body; the first individual, or
   pair of individuals, of a species.

     A   species   is   a   class  of  individuals,  each  of  which  is
     hypothetically   considered  to  be  the  descendant  of  the  same
     protoplast, or of the same pair of protoplasts. Latham.

   <--  3.  a  plant or bacterial cell which has lost its cell wall. As a
   consequence,  protoplasts  typically assume a spherical shape, and are
   unable  to  resist rupture in a liquid of low osmolarity; but they may
   live  and  in some cases divide, provided that the osmotic pressure of
   the medium is sufficient to prevent expansion to the point of rupture.
   -->

                                  Protoplasta

   Pro`to*plas"ta  (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of fresh-water
   rhizopods  including those that have a soft body and delicate branched
   pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one of the best-known.

                                 Protoplastic

   Pro`to*plas"tic (?), a. First-formed. Howell.

                                  Protopodite

   Pro*top"o*dite  (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The basal portion, or
   two  proximal  and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage
   of a crustacean.

                                   Protopope

   Pro"to*pope   (?),   n.  [Proto-  +  pope:  cf.  F.  protopope,  Russ.
   protopop'.]  (Gr.  Ch.)  One  of the clergy of first rank in the lower
   order of secular clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas.

                                  Protopterus

   Pro*top"te*rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Komtok.

                                   Protosalt

   Pro"to*salt  (?),  n.  [Proto-  + salt.] (Chem.) A salt derived from a
   protoxide base. [Obs.]

                                 Protosilicate

   Pro`to*sil"i*cate  (?),  n.  [Proto-  +  silicate.] (Chem.) A silicate
   formed  with  the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one
   atom of silicon in the molecule.

                                  Protosomite

   Pro`to*so"mite  (?),  n.  [Proto-  +  somite.]  (Zo\'94l.)  One of the
   primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.

                                 Protosulphide

   Pro`to*sul"phide  (?),  n.  [Proto- + sulphide.] (Chem.) That one of a
   series  of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of
   sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.

                                Protosulphuret

   Pro`to*sul"phu*ret   (?),   n.   [Proto-   +   sulphuret.]  (Chem.)  A
   protosulphide. [Obs.]

                                  Prototheria

   Pro`to*the"ri*a   (?)  n.  pl.  [NL.,  from  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  Same  as
   Monotremata.

                                Prototracheata

   Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Proto-,  and  Trachea.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Malacopoda.

                                   Prototype

   Pro"to*type  (?),  n. [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive, Gr.
   Proto-, and Type] An original or model after which anything is copied;
   the  pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or
   the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.

     They  will  turn  their backs on it, like their great precursor and
     prototype. Burke.

                                 Protovertebra

   Pro`to*ver"te*bra (?), n.; pl. Protovertebr\'91 . [Proto- + vertebra.]
   (Anat.)  One  of  the  primitive  masses,  or segments, into which the
   mesoblast  of  the  vertebrate  embryo breaks up on either side of the
   anterior  part  of  the  notochord;  a mesoblastic, or protovertebral,
   somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e pr otovertebr\'91 were long regarded as rudiments
     of  the  permanent vertebr\'91, but they are now known to give rise
     to the dorsal muscles and other structures as well as the vertebral
     column. See Myotome.

                                Protovertebral

   Pro`to*ver"te*bral   (?),   a.   (Anat.)   Of  or  pertaining  to  the
   protovertebr\'91.

                                   Protoxide

   Pro*tox"ide  (?),  n. [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.] (Chem.) That
   one  of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See
   Proto-,  2  (b).  protoxide  of  nitrogen,  laughing  gas,  now called
   hyponitrous  oxide<--,  used  as  an  anaesthetic  in  dentistry;  now
   (1950-1996) called nitrous oxide, NO -->. See under Laughing.

                                  Protoxidize

   Pro*tox"i*dize  (?),  v.  t.  (Chem.)  To  combine with oxygen, as any
   elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.

                                   Protozoa

   Pro`to*zo"a  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest of the
   grand divisions of the animal kingdom.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e en tire animal consists of a single cell which is
     variously  modified;  but  in many species a number of these simple
     zooids  are  united  together  so  as  to  form  a compound body or
     organism,   as   in   the   Foraminifera   and  Vorticell\'91.  The
     reproduction  takes  place by fission, or by the breaking up of the
     contents  of  the  body  after  encystment, each portion becoming a
     distinct  animal,  or  in  other  ways, but never by true eggs. The
     principal divisions are Rhizopoda, Gregarin\'91, and Infusoria. See
     also  Foraminifera,  Heliozoa, Protoplasta, Radiolaria, Flagellata,
     Ciliata.

                                   Protozoan

   Pro`to*zo"an  (?),  a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa. --
   n. One of the Protozoa.

                                   Protozoic

   Pro`to*zo"ic (?), a.

   1. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.

   2.  (Geol.)  Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the
   globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.

                                 Protozo\'94n

   Pro`to*zo"\'94n  (-&ocr;n), n.; pl. Protozoa (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
   One of the Protozoa. (b) A single zooid of a compound protozoan.

                                Protozo\'94nite

   Pro`to*zo"\'94*nite   (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the  primary,  or
   first-formed, segments of an embryonic arthropod.

                                 Protracheata

   Pro*tra`che*a"ta  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Pro-, and Trachea.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Same as Malacopoda.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1154

                                   Protract

   Pro*tract"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Protracted;  p. pr. vb. n.
   Protracting.]  [L. protractus, p. p. of protrahere to forth, protract;
   pro forward + trahere to draw. See Portrait, Portray.]

   1.  To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue;
   to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war.

   2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a
   decision or duty. Shak.

   3.  (Surv.)  To  draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of,
   with scale and protractor; to plot.

   4.  (Zo\'94l.)  To  extend;  to protrude; as, the cat can protract its
   claws; -- opposed to retract.

                                   Protract

   Pro*tract",  n.  [L. protractus.] Tedious continuance or delay. [Obs.]
   Spenser.

                                  Protracted

   Pro*tract`ed   (?),  a.  Prolonged;  continued.  Protracted  meeting,a
   religious  meeting  continued  for  many  successive  days. [U. S.] --
   Pro*tract"ed*ly, adv. -- Pro*tract"ed*ness, n.

                                  Protracter

   Pro*tract"er (?), n. A protractor.

                                  Protractile

   Pro*tract"ile  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being  protracted, or protruded;
   protrusile.

                                  Protraction

   Pro*trac"tion (?), n. [L. protractio.]

   1.  A  drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination
   of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a
   debate.

     A protraction only of what is worst in life. Mallock.

   2.  (Surv.)  (a)  The  act or process of making a plot on paper. (b) A
   plot on paper.

                                  Protractive

   Pro*tract"ive  (?), a. Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging;
   continuing; delaying.

     He suffered their protractive arts. Dryden.

                                  Protractor

   Pro*tract"or (?), n.

   1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.

   2.  A  mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on
   paper,  used  in  drawing  or  in  plotting.  It  is of various forms,
   semicircular, rectangular, or circular.

   3.  (Surg.)  An  instrument  formerly  used  in  extracting foreign or
   offensive matter from a wound.

   4.  (Anat.)  A  muscle  which  extends an organ or part; -- opposed to
   retractor.

   5. An adjustable pattern used by tailors. Knight.

                                 Protreptical

   Pro*trep"tic*al   (?),   a.   [Gr.  Adapted  to  persuade;  hortatory;
   persuasive. [Obs.] Bp. Ward.

                                  Protrudable

   Pro*trud"a*ble (?), a. That may be protruded; protrusile. Darwin.

                                   Protrude

   Pro*trude"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Protruded; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Protruding.]  [L.  protrudere,  protrusum;  pro  forward  + trudere to
   thrust. See Threat.]

   1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along. Locke.

   2.  To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to
   cause to come forth.

     When . . . Spring protrudes the bursting gems. Thomson.

                                   Protrude

   Pro*trude",  v.  i.  To  shoot  out or forth; to be thrust forward; to
   extend beyond a limit; to project.

     The parts protrude beyond the skin. Bacon.

                                  Protrusile

   Pro*tru"sile  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being  protruded  or  thrust out;
   protractile; protrusive.

                                  Protrusion

   Pro*tru"sion (?), n.

   1.  The  act  of  protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual
   limit.

   2. The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.

                                  Protrusive

   Pro*tru"sive (?), a.

   1. Thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive motion. E. Darwin.

   2. Capable of being protruded; protrusile.

                                 Protrusively

   Pro*tru"sive*ly, adv. In a protrusive manner.

                                 Protuberance

   Pro*tu"ber*ance  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F. protub\'82rance. See Protuberant.]
   That  which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or
   adjacent  surface;  a  swelling  or tumor on the body; a prominence; a
   bunch  or  knob;  an elevation. Solar protuberances (Astron.), certain
   rose-colored  masses  on  the limb of the sun which are seen to extend
   beyond  the  edge of the moon at the time of a solar eclipse. They may
   be  discovered  with  the  spectroscope  on any clear day. Called also
   solar   prominences.  See  Illust.  in  Append.  Syn.  --  Projection,
   Protuberance.  protuberance  differs from projection, being applied to
   parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle;
   whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the surface.
   
                                 Protuberancy
                                       
   Pro*tu"ber*an*cy  (?),  n.  The quality or state of being protuberant;
   protuberance; prominence. 

                                  Protuberant

   Pro*tu"ber*ant (?), a. [L. protuberans, -antis, p. pr. of protuberare.
   See  Protuberate.] Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond
   the  surrounding  or  adjacent  surface;  swelling;  as, a protuberant
   joint; a protuberant eye. -- Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly, adv.

                                  Protuberate

   Pro*tu"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. protuberare; pro forward + tuber a hump,
   protuberance.  See  Tuber.]  To  swell,  or  be  prominent, beyond the
   adjacent surface; to bulge out. S. Sharp.

                                 Protuberation

   Pro*tu`ber*a"tion  (?),  n. The act of swelling beyond the surrounding
   surface. Cooke (1615).

                                  Protuberous

   Pro*tu"ber*ous (?), a. Protuberant. [R.]

                                  Protureter

   Pro`tu*re"ter  (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, Ureter.] (Anat.) The duct of a
   pronephros. Haeckel.

                                    Protyle

   Pro"tyle  (?),  n.  [Proto-  +  Gr. (Chem. & Astron.) The hypothetical
   homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, supposed to have
   been  differentiated  into  what  are  recognized as distinct chemical
   elements.

                                     Proud

   Proud  (?),  a.  [Compar.  Prouder (?); superl. Proudest.] [OE. proud,
   prout,  prud,  prut,  AS.  pr&umac;t;  akin  to  Icel.  pr&umac;&edh;r
   stately, handsome, Dan. prud handsome. Cf. Pride.]

   1.  Feeling  or  manifesting  pride,  in  a good or bad sense; as: (a)
   Possessing   or   showing  too  great  self-esteem;  overrating  one's
   excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous.

     Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek. Milton.

     O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty ! Shak.

     And shades impervious to the proud world's glare. Keble.

   (b)  Having  a  feeling  of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting
   (in);  elated; -- often with of; as, proud of one's country. "Proud to
   be checked and soothed." Keble.

     Are we proud men proud of being proud ? Thackeray.

   2.  Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of
   admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious. "Of
   shadow  proud."  Chapman.  "Proud  titles." Shak. " The proud temple's
   height." Dryden.

     Till  tower,  and  dome,  and  bridge-way  proud Are mantled with a
     golden cloud. Keble.

   3. Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females of
   some animals. Sir T. Browne.

     NOTE: &hand; Pr oud is often used with participles in the formation
     of  compounds  which,  for  the most part, are self-explaining; as,
     proud-crested, proud-minded, proud-swelling.

   Proud  flesh  (Med.),  a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations
   resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer.

                                   Proudish

   Proud"ish (?), a. Somewhat proud. Ash.

                                   Proudling

   Proud"ling, n. A proud or haughty person. Sylvester.

                                    Proudly

   Proud"ly,  adv. In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily;
   arrogantly; boastfully.

     Proudly he marches on, and void of fear. Addison.

                                   Proudness

   Proud"ness, n. The quality of being proud; pride.

     Set aside all arrogancy and proudness. Latimer.

                                   Proustite

   Proust"ite  (?),  n. [From the French chemist, J. L. Proust.] (Min.) A
   sulphide  of  arsenic  and  silver of a beautiful cochineal-red color,
   occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver.

                                   Provable

   Prov"a*ble  (?),  a.  [See  Prove, and cf. Probable.] Capable of being
   proved; demonstrable. -- Prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Prov"a*bly, adv.

                                Provand, Proant

   Prov"and  (?),  Pro"ant  (?),  n.  [See Provender.] Provender or food.
   [Obs.]

     One pease was a soldier's provant a whole day. Beau. & Fl. 

                                    Provant

   Pro*vant"  (?),  v.  t.  To  supply  with  provender or provisions; to
   provide for. [Obs.] Nash.

                                    Provant

   Prov"ant  (?),  a.  Provided for common or general use, as in an army;
   hence,  common  in  quality;  inferior.  "A  poor  provant rapier." B.
   Jonson.

                                     Prove

   Prove  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Proving.]
   [OE.  prover,  F.  prouver, fr. L. probare to try, approve, prove, fr.
   probus good, proper. Cf. Probable, Proof, Probe.]

   1.  To try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard;
   to  test;  as,  to  prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to
   prove the contents of a vessel by a standard measure.

     Thou hast proved mine heart. Ps. xvii. 3.

   2.  To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by
   argument, testimony, or other evidence.

     They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when
     they could not prove. J. H. Newman.

   3.  To  ascertain  or  establish  the  genuineness  or validity of; to
   verify; as, to prove a will.

   4.  To  gain  experience  of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to
   experience; to suffer.

     Where she, captived long, great woes did prove. Spenser.

   5.  (Arith.) To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness
   of  any  operation  or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference
   between  two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to
   the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved.

   6.  (Printing)  To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as,
   to  prove a page. Syn. -- To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish;
   evince; manifest; show; demonstrate.

                                     Prove

   Prove, v. i.

   1. To make trial; to essay.

   2. To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; as,
   a  medicine proves salutary; the report proves false. "The case proves
   mortal." Arbuthnot.

     So life a winter's morn may prove. Keble.

   3.  To succeed; to turn out as expected. [Obs.] "The experiment proved
   not." Bacon.

                                    Provect

   Pro*vect" (?), a. [L. provectus, p. p. of provehere to carry forward.]
   Carried forward; advanced. [Obs.] "Provect in years." Sir T. Flyot.

                                  Provection

   Pro*vec"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  provectio  an  advancement.]  (Philol.) A
   carrying  forward,  as of a final letter, to a following word; as, for
   example, a nickname for an ekename.

                                  Proveditor

   Pro*ved"i*tor  (?),  n. [It. proveditore, provveditore, fr. provedere,
   L.  providere. See Provide, and cf. Purveyor, Provedore.] One employed
   to  procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one
   who provides for another. Jer. Taylor.

                                   Provedore

   Prov"e*dore (?), n. [Cf. Sp. proveedor. See Proveditor.] A proveditor;
   a purveyor.

     Busied with the duties of a provedore. W. Irving.

                                    Proven

   Prov"en  (?),  p.  p.  OR a. Proved. "Accusations firmly proven in his
   mind." Thackeray.

     Of  this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed
     to beproven, he was acquitted. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

   Not  proven  (Scots  Law),  a  verdict of a jury that the guilt of the
   accused is not made out, though not disproved. Mozley & W.

                                Proven&cced;al

   Pro`ven`&cced;al"   (?),  a.  [F.,  fr.  Provence,  fr.  L.  provincia
   province.  See  Provincial.]  Of  or  pertaining  to  Provence  or its
   inhabitants.

                                Proven&cced;al

   Pro`ven`&cced;al", n. [F.]

   1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in France.

   2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.

                                 Provence rose

   Prov"ence rose` (?). [Provence the place + rose.] (a) The cabbage rose
   (Rosa centifolia). (b) A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids
   of Rosa centifolia and R. Gallica.

                                  Provencial

   Pro*ven"cial  (?),  a.  [See  Proven&cced;al.]  Of  or  pertaining  to
   Provence in France.

                                    Provend

   Prov"end (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]

                                   Provender

   Prov"en*der (?), n. [OE. provende, F. provende, provisions, provender,
   fr.  LL. praebenda (prae and pro being confused), a daily allowance of
   provisions, a prebend. See Prebend.]

   1.  Dry  food  for  domestic  animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a
   mixture of ground grain; feed. "Hay or other provender." Mortimer.

     Good provender laboring horses would have. Tusser.

   2. Food or provisions. [R or Obs.]

                                    Provent

   Prov"ent (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]

                                 Proventricle

   Pro*ven"tri*cle (?), n. (Anat.) Proventriculus.

                                 Proventriulus

   Pro`ven*tri"u*lus  (?),  n. [NL. See Pro-, and Ventricle.] (Anat.) The
   glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.

                                    Prover

   Prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proves.

                                    Proverb

   Prov"erb  (?),  n. [OE. proverbe, F. proverbe, from L. proverbium; pro
   before, for + verbum a word. See Verb.]

   1.  An  old  and  common  saying;  a  phrase  which is often repeated;
   especially,  a  sentence  which  briefly  and  forcibly expresses some
   practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a maxim;
   a saw; an adage. Chaucer. Bacon.

   2.  A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma;
   a parable.

     His  disciples  said  unto  him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and
     speakest no proverb. John xvi. 29.

   3. A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.

     Thou  shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among
     all nations. Deut. xxviii. 37.

   4. A drama exemplifying a proverb.
   Book  of Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a
   great  variety  of  wise  maxims.  Syn.  -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm;
   adage; saw.

                                    Proverb

   Prov"erb, v. t.

   1. To name in, or as, a proverb. [R.]

     Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool ? Milton.

   2. To provide with a proverb. [R.]

     I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase. Shak.

                                    Proverb

   Prov"erb, v. i. To write or utter proverbs. [R.]

                                  Proverbial

   Pro*ver"bi*al (?), a. [L. proverbialis: cf. F. proverbial.]

   1.  Mentioned  or  comprised  in  a proverb; used as a proverb; hence,
   commonly   known;  as,  a  proverbial  expression;  his  meanness  was
   proverbial.

     In  case  of excesses, I take the German proverbial cure, by a hair
     of the same beast, to be the worst. Sir W. Temple.

   2.  Of  or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb. "A proverbial
   obscurity." Sir T. Browne.

                                 Proverbialism

   Pro*ver"bi*al*ism (?), n. A proverbial phrase.

                                 Proverbialist

   Pro*ver"bi*al*ist,  n. One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or
   writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.

                                 Proverbialize

   Pro*ver"bi*al*ize  (?),  v.  t.  & i. [Cf. F. proverbialiser.] To turn
   into a proverb; to speak in proverbs.

                                 Proverbially

   Pro*ver"bi*al*ly,  adv.  In  a  proverbial  manner; by way of proverb;
   hence,  commonly; universally; as, it is proverbially said; the bee is
   proverbially busy.

                                   Provexity

   Pro*vex"i*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  provehere to advance. Cf. Provect.] Great
   advance in age. [Obs.]

                                    Provide

   Pro*vide"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Provided;  p.  pr. & vb. n.
   Providing.]  [L.  providere, provisum; pro before + videre to see. See
   Vision, and cf. Prudent, Purvey.]

   1. To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect,
   or  make  ready  for  future  use;  to prepare. "Provide us all things
   necessary." Shak.

   2. To supply; to afford; to contribute.

     Bring  me  berries,  or  such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable
     woods provide. Milton.

   3.  To  furnish;  to  supply; -- formerly followed by of, now by with.
   "And  yet  provided him of but one." Jer. Taylor. "Rome . . . was well
   provided with corn." Arbuthnot.

   4.  To  establish  as  a  previous  condition;  to  stipulate; as, the
   contract provides that the work be well done.

   5. To foresee.

     NOTE: [A Latinism]

   [Obs.] B. Jonson.

   6.  To  appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See
   Provisor. Prescott.

                                    Provide

   Pro*vide", v. i.

   1.  To  procure  supplies  or  means  in  advance;  to  take  measures
   beforehand  in  view  of  an  expected  or  a  possible  future  need,
   especially  a danger or an evil; -- followed by against or for; as, to
   provide  against  the  inclemency  of  the weather; to provide for the
   education of a child.

     Government  is  a  contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human
     wants. Burke.

   2.  To  stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement provides
   for an early completion of the work.

                                   Provided

   Pro*vid"ed   (?),   conj.  On  condition;  by  stipulation;  with  the
   understanding;  if;  --  usually  followed  by that; as, provided that
   nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever.

     Provided  the  deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent
     to their truth. G. H. Lewes.

     NOTE: &hand; This word is strictly a participle, and the word being
     is  understood,  the  participle  provided  agreeing with the whole
     sentence  absolute,  and  being  equivalent to this condition being
     previously stipulated or established.

                                  Providence

   Prov"i*dence   (?),   n.  [L.  providentia:  cf.  F.  providence.  See
   Provident, and cf. Prudence.]

   1.  The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a
   making ready; preparation.

     Providence for war is the best prevention of it. Bacon.

   2.  Foresight;  care;  especially,  the  foresight  and care which God
   manifests   for   his  creatures;  hence,  God  himself,  regarded  as
   exercising a constant wise prescience.

     The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest,
     and Providence their guide. Milton.

   3.  (Theol.) A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God
   exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction.

     He  that  hath  a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a
     greater providence of God. Jer. Taylor.
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   Page 1155

   4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality.

     It  is a high point of providence in a prince to cast an eye rather
     upon actions than persons. Quarles.

                                   Provident

   Prov"i*dent (?), a. [L. providens, -entis, p. pr. of providere: cf. F.
   provident.  See Provide, and cf. Prudent.] Foreseeing wants and making
   provision  to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies;
   cautious; economical; -- sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man;
   an animal provident of the future.

     And of our good and of our dignity, How provident he is. Milton.

   Syn. -- Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical.

                                 Providential

   Prov`i*den"tial  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  providentiel.]  Effected  by,  or
   referable   to,   divine   direction   or   superintendence;  as,  the
   providential   contrivance   of   thing;  a  providential  escape.  --
   Prov"i*den"tial*ly, adv.

                                  Providently

   Prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a provident manner.

                                 Providentness

   Prov"i*dent*ness,   n.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  provident;
   carefulness; prudence; economy.

                                   Provider

   Pro*vid"er  (?),  n. One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who
   procures what is wanted.

                                   Providore

   Prov"i*dore  (?),  n.  [See  Provedore.]  One  who  makes provision; a
   purveyor. [R.] De Foe.

                                   Province

   Prov"ince  (?),  n. [F., fr. L. provincia; prob. fr. pro before, for +
   the root of vincere to conquer. See Victor.]

   1.  (Roman  Hist.)  A  country or region, more or less remote from the
   city  of Rome, brought under the Roman government; a conquered country
   beyond the limits of Italy. Wyclif (Acts xiii. 34). Milton.

   2.  A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of
   an  empire  or  state, esp. one remote from the capital. "Kingdoms and
   provinces." Shak.

   3. A region of country; a tract; a district.

     Over many a tract of heaven they marched, and many a province wide.
     Milton.

     Other provinces of the intellectual world. I. Watts.

   4.  A region under the supervision or direction of any special person;
   the  district  or  division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical
   division,  over  which  one  has  jurisdiction;  as,  the  province of
   Canterbury,  or  that  in which the archbishop of Canterbury exercises
   ecclesiastical authority.

   5.  The  proper  or  appropriate business or duty of a person or body;
   office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere.

     The  woman'sprovince is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in
     her affection. Tattler.

   6. Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having a
   governor,  a  local  legislature,  and  representation in the Dominion
   parliament.  Hence,  colloquially,  The  Provinces,  the  Dominion  of
   Canada.

                                  Provincial

   Pro*vin"cial   (?),  a.  [L.  provincialis:  cf.  F.  provincial.  See
   Province, and cf. Provencal.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  province;  constituting  a province; as, a
   provincial government; a provincial dialect.

   2. Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the
   inhabitants   of   a  province;  not  cosmopolitan;  countrified;  not
   polished;   rude;  hence,  narrow;  illiberal.  "Provincial  airs  and
   graces." Macaulay.

   3.  Of  or  pertaining  to  an  ecclesiastical  province,  or  to  the
   jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a provincial synod.
   Ayliffe.

   4. Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal. [Obs.]

     With two Provincial roses on my razed shoes. Shak.

                                  Provincial

   Pro*vin"cial, n.

   1. A person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.

   2.  (R.  C.  Ch.)  A  monastic superior, who, under the general of his
   order,  has  the  direction  of  all  the religious houses of the same
   fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order.

                                 Provincialism

   Pro*vin"cial*ism  (?), n. [Cf. F. provincialisme.] A word, or a manner
   of  speaking,  peculiar  to  a  province or a district remote from the
   mother  country  or  from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic;
   hence, narrowness; illiberality. M. Arnold.

                                 Provincialist

   Pro*vin"cial*ist, n. One who lives in a province; a provincial.

                                 Provinciality

   Pro*vin`ci*al"i*ty  (?),  n. The quality or state of being provincial;
   peculiarity of language characteristic of a province. T. Warton.

                                 Provincialize

   Pro*vin"cial*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provincialized (?); p. pr. &
   vb. n. Provincializing (?).] To render provincial. M. Arnold.

                                 Provincially

   Pro*vin"cial*ly, adv. In a provincial manner.

                                  Provinciate

   Pro*vin"ci*ate  (?),  v.  t.  To convert into a province or provinces.
   [Obs.] Howell.

                                    Provine

   Pro*vine"  (?),  v.  i.  [F.  provingner, fr. provin a set, layer of a
   plant,  OF.  provain,  from  L. propago, -aginis, akin to propagare to
   propagate.  See Propagate, Prune, v. t.] To lay a stock or branch of a
   vine in the ground for propagation. [Obs.] Johnson.

                                   Provision

   Pro*vi"sion (?), n. [L. provisio: cf. F. provision. See Provide.]

   1. The act of providing, or making previous preparation. Shak.

   2.  That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together
   or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.

     Making provision for the relief of strangers. Bacon.

   3.  Especially,  a  stock  of  food; any kind of eatables collected or
   stored; -- often in the plural.

     And of provisions laid in large, For man and beast. Milton.

   4.  That  which  is  stipulated  in  advance;  a condition; a previous
   agreement;  a  proviso;  as, the provisions of a contract; the statute
   has many provisions.

   5. (R. C. Ch.) A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice,
   comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.

   6.  (Eng.  Hist.)  A  nomination  by  the pope to a benefice before it
   became  vacant,  depriving  the  patron  of his right of presentation.
   Blackstone.

                                   Provision

   Pro*vi"sion  (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provisioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Provisioning.]  To  supply  with  food; to victual; as, to provision a
   garrison.

     They were provisioned for a journey. Palfrey.

                                  Provisional

   Pro*vi"sion*al  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  provisionnel.]  Of the nature of a
   provision;  serving  as  a  provision  for  the time being; -- used of
   partial  or  temporary  arrangements;  as, a provisional government; a
   provisional treaty.

                                 Provisionally

   Pro*vi"sion*al*ly,  adv.  By  way  of  provision  for  the time being;
   temporarily. Locke.

                                 Provisionary

   Pro*vi"sion*a*ry (?), a. Provisional. Burke.

                                    Proviso

   Pro*vi"so (?), n.; pl. Provisos (#). [L., (it) being provided, abl. of
   provisus,  p.  p.  of  providere.  See  Provide,  and cf. Purview.] An
   article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other
   writing,  by  which  a condition is introduced, usually beginning with
   the   word   provided;  a  conditional  stipulation  that  affects  an
   agreement,  contract,  law,  grant,  or the like; as, the contract was
   impaired by its proviso.

     He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception. Shak.

                                   Provisor

   Pro*vi"sor (?), n. [L., fr. providere: cf. F. proviseur. See Provide.]

   1.  One  who  provides;  a purveyor. [Obs.] "The chief provisor of our
   horse." Ford.

   2.  (R. C. Ch.) (a) The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious
   house.  Cowell. (b) One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See
   Provision, 5. P. Plowman.

   3.  (Eng.  Hist.)  One who procures or receives a papal provision. See
   Provision, 6.

                                  Provisorily

   Pro*vi"so*ri*ly  (?),  adv.  In  a  provisory  manner;  conditionally;
   subject  to  a  proviso;  as,  to admit a doctrine provisorily. Sir W.
   Hamilton.

                                 Provisorship

   Pro*vi"sor*ship  (?), n. The office or position of a provisor. [R.] J.
   Webster.

                                   Provisory

   Pro*vi"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. provisoire.]

   1.  Of  the  nature  of  a proviso; containing a proviso or condition;
   conditional; as, a provisory clause.

   2. Making temporary provision; provisional.

                                  Provocation

   Prov`o*ca"tion (?), n. [F. provocation, L. provocatio. See Provoke.]

   1. The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. Fabyan.

   2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as,
   to give provocation. Paley.

   3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth.

   4.  (Law)  Such  prior  insult or injury as may be supposed, under the
   circumstances,  to  create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in
   retort or redress.

   5. An appeal to a court.

     NOTE: [A Latinism]

   [Obs.] Ayliffe.

                                  Provocative

   Pro*vo"ca*tive  (?), a. [L. provocativus: cf. OF. provocatif.] Serving
   or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.

                                  Provocative

   Pro*vo"ca*tive,  n.  Anything  that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a
   provocative of appetite.

                                Provocativeness

   Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness, n. Quality of being provocative.

                                  Provocatory

   Pro*vo"ca*to*ry (?), a. Provocative.

                                  Provokable

   Pro*vok"a*ble (?), a. That may be provoked.

                                    Provoke

   Pro*voke"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Provoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Provoking.]  [F.  provoquer,  L.  provocare to call forth; pro forth +
   vocare  to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice, cry, call. See Voice.] To call
   forth;  to  call  into  being or action; esp., to incense to action, a
   faculty  or  passion,  as love, hate, or ambition; hence, commonly, to
   incite,  as  a  person,  to  action  by  a challenge, by taunts, or by
   defiance;  to exasperate; to irritate; to offend intolerably; to cause
   to retaliate.

     Obey his voice, provoke him not. Ex. xxiii. 21.

     Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath. Eph. vi. 4.

     Such acts Of contumacy will provoke the Highest To make death in us
     live. Milton.

     Can honor's voice provoke the silent dust? Gray.

     To  the  poet  the  meaning  is what he pleases to make it, what it
     provokes in his own soul. J. Burroughs.

   Syn.  --  To  irritate; arouse; stir up; awake; excite; incite; anger.
   See Irritate.

                                    Provoke

   Pro*voke", v. i.

   1. To cause provocation or anger.

   2. To appeal.

     NOTE: [A Latinism]

   [Obs.] Dryden.

                                  Provokement

   Pro*voke"ment  (?),  n.  The act that which, provokes; one who excites
   anger  or  other  passion,  or  incites  to  action; as, a provoker of
   sedition.

     Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things. Shak.

                                   Provoking

   Pro*vok"ing,  a.  Having  the power or quality of exciting resentment;
   tending  to  awaken  passion  or  vexation;  as,  provoking  words  or
   treatment. -- Pro*vok"ing*ly, adv.

                                    Provost

   Prov"ost  (?),  n.  [OF.  provost (L. prae and pro being confused), F.
   prev\'93t,  fr.  L. praepositus placed before, a chief, fr. praeponere
   to  place  before:  cf. AS. pr\'befost, pr&omac;fast. See Preposition,
   and cf. Propound.]

   1.  A  person  who  is  appointed  to  superintend,  or  preside over,
   something;  the  chief  magistrate  in  some cities and towns; as, the
   provost  of  Edinburgh  or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other
   cities;  the provost of a college, answering to president; the provost
   or head of certain collegiate churches.

   2. The keeper of a prison. [Obs.] Shak.

     NOTE: &hand; In  Fr ance, formerly, a provost was an inferior judge
     who had cognizance of civil causes. The grand provost of France, or
     of  the  household,  had jurisdiction in the king's house, and over
     its officers.

   Provost marshal (often pronounced . (a) (Mil.) An officer appointed in
   every  army, in the field, to secure the prisoners confined on charges
   of  a general nature. He also performs such other duties pertaining to
   police  and  discipline  as  the  regulations  of  the  service or the
   commander's  orders  impose  upon  him.  (b) (Nav.) An officer who has
   charge  of  prisoners  on  trial  by  court-martial, serves notices to
   witnesses, etc.

                                  Provostship

   Prov"ost*ship, n. The office of a provost.

                                     Prow

   Prow  (?),  n. [F. proue (cf. Sp. & Pg. proa, It. prua), L. prora, Gr.
   Pro-,  and  cf.  Prore.] The fore part of a vessel; the bow; the stem;
   hence, the vessel itself. Wordsworth.

     The floating vessel swum Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow rode
     tilting o'er the waves. Milton.

                                     Prow

   Prow (?), n. See Proa.

                                     Prow

   Prow,  a.  [Compar.  Prower  (?); superl. Prowest.] [OF.prou, preu, F.
   preux,  fr.  L. pro, prod, in prodesse to be useful. See Pro-, and cf.
   Prude.] Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous. [Archaic] Tennyson.

     The prowest knight that ever field did fight. Spenser.

                                     Prow

   Prow,  n.  [OE.  &  OF.  prou.  See  Prow,  a.] Benefit; profit; good;
   advantage. [Obs.]

     That shall be for your hele and for your prow. Chaucer.

                                    Prowess

   Prow"ess  (?),  n.  [OF.  proece,  proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.]
   Distinguished  bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill;
   gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.

     He by his prowess conquered all France. Shak.

                                     Prowl

   Prowl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prowled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prowling.]
   [OE.  prollen to search about; of uncertain origin, perh. for proglen,
   a dim. of prog to beg, or proke to poke. Cf. Proke.]

   1.  To  rove  over,  through,  or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to
   search in, as for prey or booty.

     He prowls each place, still in new colors decked. Sir P. Sidney.

   2. To collect by plunder; as, to prowl money. [Obs.]

                                     Prowl

   Prowl,  v.  i.  To rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild
   beast; hence, to prey; to plunder.

                                     Prowl

   Prowl, n. The act of prowling. [Colloq.] Smart.

                                    Prowler

   Prowl"er (?), n. One that prowls. Thomson.

                                   Prowling

   Prowl"ing, a. Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as
   for prey. "A prowling wolf." Milton. -- Prowl"ing*ly, adv.

                                     Prox

   Prox  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Proxy.]  "The  ticket  or  list of candidates at
   elections,  presented  to  the people for their votes." [Rhode Island]
   Bartlett.

                                    Proxene

   Prox"ene (?), n. [Cf. prox\'8ane.] (Gr. Antiq.) An officer who had the
   charge  of  showing hospitality to those who came from a friendly city
   or state.

                                   Proxenet

   Prox"e*net (?), n. [L. proxeneta, Gr. A negotiator; a factor. [R.] Dr.
   H. More.

                                   Proximad

   Prox"i*mad  (?), adv. [Proximal + L. ad to.] (Anat.) Toward a proximal
   part; on the proximal side of; proximally.

                                   Proximal

   Prox"i*mal (?), a.

   1. Toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of motion of dependence;
   proximate.

   2.  (Biol.)  (a)  Situated near the point of attachment or origin; as,
   the  proximal  part  of  a limb. (b) Of or pertaining to that which is
   proximal; as, the proximal bones of a limb. Opposed to distal.

                                  Proximally

   Prox"i*mal*ly, adv. (Anat.) On or toward a proximal part; proximad.

                                   Proximate

   Prox"i*mate  (?),  a. [L. proximatus, p. p. of proximare to come near,
   to  approach,  fr.  proximus  the  nearest,  nest,  superl. of propior
   nearer, and prope, adv., near.] Nearest; next immediately preceding or
   following. "Proximate ancestors." J. S. Harford.

     The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge]. T. Burnet.

   Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines the proximate
   principles  of any substance, as contrasted with an ultimate analysis.
   --  Proximate  cause.  (a)  A  cause  which  immediately  precedes and
   produces  the  effect,  as  distinguished from the remote, mediate, or
   predisposing  cause.  I.  Watts.  (b)  That  which in ordinary natural
   sequence   produces  a  specific  result,  no  independent  disturbing
   agencies  intervening. -- Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of
   a  class  of  bodies  existing  ready  formed  in animal and vegetable
   tissues,  and  separable  by  chemical  analysis,  as  albumin, sugar,
   collagen, fat, etc. Syn. -- Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.
   
                                  Proximately
                                       
   Prox"i*mate*ly,  adv.  In  a  proximate  manner,  position, or degree;
   immediately.
   
                                    Proxime
                                       
   Prox"ime  (?),  a.  [L.  proximus.  See  Proximate.] Next; immediately
   preceding or following. [Obs.] 

                                  Proximious

   Prox*im"i*ous (?), a. Proximate. [Obs.]

                                   Proximity

   Prox*im"i*ty   (?),   n.  [L.  proximitas:  cf.  F.  proximit\'82  See
   Proximate,  and  cf.  Propinquity,  Approach.] The quality or state of
   being  next  in  time,  place,  causation,  influence, etc.; immediate
   nearness, either in place, blood, or alliance.

     If  he  plead  proximity  of  blood  That  empty title is with ease
     withstood. Dryden.

                                    Proximo

   Prox"i*mo  (?).  [L., on the next, abl. of proximus next.] In the next
   month  after  the present; -- often contracted to prox.; as, on the 3d
   proximo.

                                     Proxy

   Prox"y (?), n.; pl. Proxies (#). [Contr. from procuracy. Cf. Proctor.]

   1. The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act
   for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.

     I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself. Burke.

   2.  The  person  who  is  substituted  or  deputed  to act or vote for
   another.

     Every  peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to
     vote for him in his absence. Blackstone.

   3.  A  writing  by  which one person authorizes another to vote in his
   stead, as in a corporation meeting.

   4.  (Eng.  Law)  The  written appointment of a proctor in suits in the
   ecclesiastical courts. Burrill.

   5. (Eccl.) See Procuration. [Obs.]

                                     Proxy

   Prox"y, v. i. To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of
   another. [R.]

                                   Proxyship

   Prox"y*ship, n. The office or agency of a proxy.

                                     Pruce

   Pruce  (?),  n.  [OE.  for  Prussia: cf. F. Prusse.] Prussian leather.
   [Obs.] Dryden.
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   Page 1156

                                     Prude

   Prude  (?),  n.  [F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened
   from  OF.  prudefeme,  preudefeme,  a discreet or excellent woman; OF.
   preu,  prou,  excellent,  brave  +  de  of + fete woman. See Prow, a.,
   Prowess.] A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is
   overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in
   conduct and speech.

     Less modest than the speech of prudes. Swift.

                                   Prudence

   Pru"dence  (?), n. [F., fr. L. prudentia, contr. from providentia. See
   Prudent,  and  cf. Providence.] The quality or state of being prudent;
   wisdom  in  the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness;
   hence, also, economy; frugality.

     Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due
     means,  order,  seasons,  and  method of doing or not doing. Sir M.
     Hale.

     Prudence  supposes  the  value of the end to be assumed, and refers
     only  to  the  adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right
     means for given ends. Whewell.

   Syn.  -- Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness;
   discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See Wisdom.

                                   Prudency

   Pru"den*cy (?), n. Prudence. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

                                    Prudent

   Pru"dent  (?),  a.  [L. prudens, -entis, contr. from providens: cf. F.
   prudent. See Provident.]

   1.  Sagacious  in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in
   determining any line of conduct; practically wise; judicious; careful;
   discreet; sensible; -- opposed to rash; as, a prudent man; dictated or
   directed  by  prudence  or  wise  forethought;  evincing prudence; as,
   prudent behavior.

     Moses established a grave and prudent law. Milton.

   2.  Frugal;  economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent
   expenditure   of   money.   Syn.   --   Cautious;  wary;  circumspect;
   considerate;  discreet;  judicious; provident; economical; frugal. <--
   note sensible and careful in def. above. Why not here??? -->

                                  Prudential

   Pru*den"tial (?), a.

   1.  Proceeding  from,  or  dictated  or  characterized  by,  prudence;
   prudent;  discreet;  sometimes,  selfish or pecuniary as distinguished
   from  higher  motives  or  influences;  as,  prudential  motives.  " A
   prudential line of conduct." Sir W. Scott.

   2.  Exercising  prudence;  discretionary;  advisory; superintending or
   executive; as, a prudential committee.

                                  Prudential

   Pru*den"tial,  n.  That  which  relates to or demands the exercise of,
   discretion or prudence; -- usually in the pl.

     Many  stanzas, in poetic measures, contain rules relating to common
     prudentials as well as to religion. I. Watts.

                                 Prudentialist

   Pru*den"tial*ist,  n. One who is governed by, or acts from, prudential
   motives. [R.] Coleridge.

                                 Prudentiality

   Pru*den`ti*al"i*ty  (?),  n. The quality or state of being prudential.
   Sir T. Browne.

                                 Prudentially

   Pru*den"tial*ly (?), adv. In a prudential manner; prudently. South.

                                   Prudently

   Pru"dent*ly (?), adv. In a prudent manner.

                                    Prudery

   Prud"er*y  (?),  n.;  pl. Pruderies (#). [F. pruderie. See Prude.] The
   quality   or   state   of   being   prudish;   excessive  or  affected
   scrupulousness in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness. Cowper.

                                   Prudhomme

   Prud*homme" (?), n. [F. prud'homme. cf. Prude.] A trustworthy citizen;
   a skilled workman. See Citation under 3d Commune, 1.

                                    Prudish

   Prud"ish  (?),  a.  Like  a  prude; very formal, precise, or reserved;
   affectedly severe in virtue; as, a prudish woman; prudish manners.

     A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face. Garrick.

                                   Prudishly

   Prud"ish*ly, adv. In a prudish manner.

                                   Pruinate

   Pru"i*nate (?), a. Same as Pruinose.

                                   Pruinose

   Pru"i*nose`  (?),  a.  [L.  pruinosus,  fr. pruina hoarfrost.] Frosty;
   covered  with  fine  scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the like, so as to
   give the appearance of frost.

                                   Pruinous

   Pru"i*nous (?), a. Frosty; pruinose.

                                     Prune

   Prune  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pruned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pruning.]
   [OE.  proine,  probably  fr.  F. provigner to lay down vine stocks for
   propagation;  hence,  probably,  the  meaning, to cut away superfluous
   shoots. See Provine.]

   1. To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of; to
   clear  of  useless  material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to trim:
   as, to prune trees; to prune an essay. Thackeray.

     Taking  into  consideration  how  they  [laws] are to be pruned and
     reformed. Bacon.

     Our  delightful  task To prune these growing plants, and tend these
     flowers. Milton.

   2. To cut off or cut out, as useless parts.

     Horace will our superfluous branches prune. Waller.

   3. To preen; to prepare; to dress. Spenser.

     His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing and cloys his beak. Shak.

                                     Prune

   Prune,  v.  i.  To  dress;  to prink; -used humorously or in contempt.
   Dryden.

                                     Prune

   Prune, n. [F. prune, from L. prunum a plum. See Plum.] A plum; esp., a
   dried  plum, used in cookery; as, French or Turkish prunes; California
   prunes.  German prune (Bot.), a large dark purple plum, of oval shape,
   often  one-sided.  It  is much used for preserving, either dried or in
   sirup.  Prune  tree.  (Bot.)  (a)  A  tree  of  the  genus  Prunus (P.
   domestica),  which  produces  prunes. (b) The West Indian tree, Prunus
   occidentalis.  --  South  African  prune (Bot.), the edible fruit of a
   sapindaceous tree (Pappea Capensis).

                                   Prunella

   Pru*nel"la  (?),  n.  [NL.,  perhaps from G. br\'91une quinsy, croup.]
   (Med.)  (a) Angina, or angina pectoris. (b) Thrush. Prunella salt (Old
   Chem.), niter fused and cast into little balls.

                              Prunella, Prunello

   Pru*nel"la,  Pru*nel"lo,  n. [F. prunelle, probably so called from its
   color resembling that of prunes. See Prune, n.] A smooth woolen stuff,
   generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting; -- formerly
   used also for clergymen's gowns.

                                   Prunelle

   Pru*nelle"  (?), n. [F., dim. of prune. See Prune, n.] A kind of small
   and  very  acid  French  plum; -- applied especially to the stoned and
   dried fruit.

                                   Prunello

   Pru*nel"lo  (?),  n. [F. prunelle, dim. of prune. See Prune a plum.] A
   species of dried plum; prunelle.

                                    Pruner

   Prun"er (?), n.

   1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  one  of several species of beetles whose larv\'91
   gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the
   American  oak  pruner (Asemum m\'d2stum), whose larva eats the pith of
   oak  branches,  and  when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside
   nearly to the bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.

                                  Pruniferous

   Pru*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. prunum a plum + -ferous.] Bearing plums.

                                    Pruning

   Prun"ing (?), n.

   1. The act of trimming, or removing what is superfluous.

   2.  (Falconry) That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers;
   leavings. Beau. & Fl.
   Pruning  hook,  OR  Pruning  knife, cutting instrument used in pruning
   trees, etc. -- Pruning shears, shears for pruning trees, vines, etc.

                                    Prunus

   Pru"nus  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  plum  tree.]  (Bot.) A genus of trees with
   perigynous  rosaceous  flowers,  and  a single two-ovuled carpel which
   usually becomes a drupe in ripening.

     NOTE: &hand; Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then,
     by  Linn\'91us,  was  made to include the cherries and the apricot.
     Later  botanists  separated  these  into several genera, as Prunus,
     Cerasus,  and Armeniaca, but now, by Bentham and Hooker, the plums,
     cherries,  cherry  laurels,  peach,  almond,  and nectarine are all
     placed in Prunus.

                             Prurience, Pruriency

   Pru"ri*ence  (?),  Pru"ri*en*cy  (?), n. The quality or state of being
   prurient.

     The pruriency of curious ears. Burke.

     There is a prurience in the speech of some. Cowper.

                                   Prurient

   Pru"ri*ent (?), a. [L. pruries, -entis, p. pr. of prurire to itch. Cf.
   Freeze.]  Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious
   curiosity or propensity; lustful. -- Pru"ri*ent*ly, adv.

     The  eye  of the vain and prurient is darting from object to object
     of illicit attraction. I. Taylor.

                                  Pruriginous

   Pru*rig"i*nous  (?),  a. [L. pruriginosus: cf. F. prurigineux.] (Med.)
   Tending  to,  or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of,
   prurigo.

                                    Prurigo

   Pru*ri"go  (?),  n.  [L.,  an itching, the itch, fr. prurire to itch.]
   (Med.)  A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the
   chief  symptom,  the  eruption  scarcely  differing  from  the healthy
   cuticle in color.

                                   Pruritus

   Pru*ri"tus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Itching.

                                   Prussian

   Prus"sian  (?), a. [From Prussia, the country: cf. F. prussien.] Of or
   pertaining  to  Prussia.  --  n.  A  native  or inhabitant of Prussia.
   Prussian  blue  (Chem.), any one of several complex double cyanides of
   ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance
   having  a  coppery  luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium
   ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used
   in  dyeing,  in  ink,  etc.  Called  also Williamson's blue, insoluble
   Prussian  blue,  Berlin  blue,  etc.  --  Prussian carp (Zo\'94l.) See
   Gibel. -- Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin.

                                   Prussiate

   Prus"si*ate  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  prussiate.] (Chem.) A salt of prussic
   acid;  a cyanide. Red prussiate of potash. See Potassium ferricyanide,
   under   Ferricyanide.   Yellow  prussiate  of  potash.  See  Potassium
   ferrocyanide, under Ferrocyanide.

                                    Prussic

   Prus"sic  (?), a. [Cf. F. prussique.] (Old Chem.) designating the acid
   now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called prussic acid, because
   Prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. See Hydrocyanic.

                                   Prutenic

   Pru*ten"ic   (?),   a.  (Astron.)  Prussian;  --  applied  to  certain
   astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the
   principles of Copernicus, a Prussian.

                                      Pry

   Pry  (?),  n.  [Corrupted  fr.  prize a lever. See Prize, n.] A lever;
   also,  leverage.  [Local, U. S. & Eng.] Pry pole, the pole which forms
   the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the windlass.

                                      Pry

   Pry,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prying.] To raise
   or  move,  or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize.
   [Local, U. S. & Eng.]

                                      Pry

   Pry,  v.  i. [OE. prien. Cf. Peer to peep.] To peep narrowly; to gaze;
   to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing
   curiosity;  --  often  implying  reproach.  "  To pry upon the stars."
   Chaucer.

     Watch  thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets
     of the state. Shak.

                                      Pry

   Pry, n. Curious inspection; impertinent peeping.

                                     Pryan

   Pry"an (?), n. (Mining) See Prian.

                                    Prying

   Pry"ing,  a. Inspecting closely or impertinently. Syn. -- Inquisitive;
   curious. See Inquisitive.

                                   Pryingly

   Pry"ing*ly, adv. In a prying manner.

                                   Prytaneum

   Pryt`a*ne"um  (?),  n.  [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A public building in
   certain  Greek cities; especially, a public hall in Athens regarded as
   the  home of the community, in which official hospitality was extended
   to distinguished citizens and strangers.

                                   Prytanis

   Pryt"a*nis  (?),  n.;  pl.  Prytanes  (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A
   member  of  one  of the ten sections into which the Athenian senate of
   five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the presidency
   of the senate for about one tenth of the year.

                                    Prytany

   Pryt"a*ny  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Gr.  Antiq.)  The  period during which the
   presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of the section.

                                    Prythee

   Pryth"ee (?), interj. See Prithee.

                                     Psalm

   Psalm (?), n. [OE. psalm, salm, AS. sealm, L. psalmus, psalma, fr. Gr.
   psalme, salme, F. psaume.]

   1.  A  sacred  song;  a  poetical composition for use in the praise or
   worship of God.

     Humus devout and holy psalms Singing everlastingly. Milton.

   2.  Especially,  one  of the hymns by David and others, collected into
   one  book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a
   hymn for public worship.

                                     Psalm

   Psalm,  v.  t.  To extol in psalms; to sing; as, psalming his praises.
   Sylvester.

                                   Psalmist

   Psalm"ist (?), n. [L. psalmista, Gr. psalmiste. See Psalm.]

   1.  A  writer  or  composer  of  sacred songs; -- a title particularly
   applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms.

   2.  (R. C. Ch.) A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the
   church.

                                  Psalmistry

   Psalm"ist*ry (?), n. The use of psalms in devotion; psalmody.

                            Psalmodic, Psalmodical

   Psal*mod"ic (?), Psal*mod"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. psalmodique.] Relating
   to psalmody.

                                  Psalmodist

   Psal"mo*dist (?), n. One who sings sacred songs; a psalmist.

                                  Psalmodize

   Psal"mo*dize (?), v. i. To practice psalmody. " The psalmodizing art."
   J. G. Cooper.

                                   Psalmody

   Psal"mo*dy (?), n. [Gr. psalmodie, LL. psalmodia. See Psalm, and Ode.]
   The  act,  practice,  or  art of singing psalms or sacred songs; also,
   psalms collectively, or a collection of psalms.

                                  Psalmograph

   Psal"mo*graph  (?),  n.  [See  Psalmographer.]  A  writer of psalms; a
   psalmographer.

                         Psalmographer, Psalmographist

   Psal*mog"ra*pher (?), Psal*mog"ra*phist (?), n. [L. psalmographus, Gr.
   A writer of psalms, or sacred songs and hymns.

                                 Psalmography

   Psal*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. psalmographie.] The act or practice of
   writing psalms, or sacred songs.

                                    Psalter

   Psal"ter  (?),  n.  [OE.  psauter,  sauter,  OF. sautier, psaltier, F.
   psautier, from L. psalterium. See Psaltery.]

   1.  The  Book  of  Psalms;  --  often applied to a book containing the
   Psalms separately printed.

   2.  Specifically,  the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common
   Prayer;  among  the  Roman  Catholics,  the part of the Breviary which
   contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week.

   3.  (R.  C.  Ch.)  A  rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads,
   corresponding to the number of the psalms.

                                  Psalterial

   Psal*te"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psalterium.

                                  Psalterium

   Psal*te"ri*um  (?),  n.;  pl. Psalteria (#). [L., a psaltery.] (Anat.)
   (a) The third stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies. (b) The lyra of the
   brain.

                                   Psaltery

   Psal"ter*y  (?),  n.; pl. Psalteries (#). [OE. sautrie, OF. psalterie,
   F.  psalt\'82rion,  L.  psalterium  psaltery, psalter, from Gr. Psalm,
   Psalter.] A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews, the form
   of which is not known.

     Praise  the  Lord with harp; sing unto him with the psaltery and an
     instrument of ten strings. Ps. xxxiii. 2.

                                   Psammite

   Psam"mite  (?),  n.  [Gr.  psammite.]  (Min.)  A  species of micaceous
   sandstone. -- Psam*mit"ic (#), a.

                                   Psarolite

   Psar"o*lite  (?),  n. [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.) A silicified stem of tree
   fern, found in abundance in the Triassic sandstone.

                                   Psellism

   Psel"lism (?), n. [Gr. Indistinct pronunciation; stammering.

                                   Psephism

   Pse"phism  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Gr.  Antiq.)  A  proposition  adopted by a
   majority  of  votes;  especially,  one adopted by vote of the Athenian
   people; a statute. J. P. Mahaffy.

                               Pseud\'91sthesia

   Pseu`d\'91s*the"si*a  (?),  n.  [NL.  See  Pseudo-,  and \'92sthesia.]
   (Physiol.)  False  or  imaginary  feeling  or sense perception such as
   occurs in hypochondriasis, or such as is referred to an organ that has
   been  removed,  as  an amputated foot.<-- a phenom also called phantom
   limbs -->

                                  Pseudembryo

   Pseu*dem"bry*o  (?),  n.  [Pseudo-  +  embryo.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A false
   embryo.  (b) An asexual form from which the true embryo is produced by
   budding.

                       Pseudepigraphic, Pseudepigraphic

   Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic  (?), Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining
   to pseudepigraphy.

                               Pseudepigraphous

   Pseu`de*pig"ra*phous  (?),  a. [Gr. Pseudo-, and Epigraphy.] Inscribed
   with a false name. Cudworth.

                                Pseudepigraphy

   Pseu`de*pig"ra*phy (?), n. The ascription of false names of authors to
   works.

                                 Pseudh\'91mal

   Pseud*h\'91"mal (?), a. [Pseudo- + h\'91mal.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to
   the  vascular system of annelids. Pseudh\'91mal fluid, the circulatory
   fluid,  or  blood, of annelids, analogous to the blood of vertebrates.
   It is often red, but is sometimes green or colorless. -- Pseudh\'91mal
   vessels, the blood vessels of annelids.

                                    Pseudo-

   Pseu"do-  (?).  [Gr.  A  combining  form  or  prefix signifying false,
   counterfeit, pretended, spurious; as, pseudo-apostle, a false apostle;
   pseudo-clergy,    false   or   spurious   clergy;   pseudo-episcopacy,
   pseudo-form, pseudo-martyr, pseudo-philosopher. Also used adjectively.

                                Pseudobacteria

   Pseu`do*bac*te"ri*a   (?),   n.  pl.  [Pseudo-  +  bacteria.]  (Biol.)
   Microscopic  organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic
   substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria.

     NOTE: The gl obules wh ich divide and develop in form of chains are
     organized  beings;  when  this  does not occur, we are dealing with
     pseudobacteria. Sternberg.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1157

                                 Pseudoblepsis

   Pseu`do*blep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) False or depraved sight;
   imaginary vision of objects. Forsyth.

                                 Pseudobranch

   Pseu"do*branch (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Pseudobranchia.

                                Pseudobranchia

   Pseu`do*bran"chi*a  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pseudobranchi\'91  (#).  [NL.  See
   Pseudo-,  and  Branchia.]  (Anat.) A rudimentary branchia, or gill. --
   Pseu`do*bran"chi*al (#), a.

                                  Pseudo-bulb

   Pseu"do-bulb`  (?),  n. [Pseudo- + bulb.] (Bot.) An a\'89rial corm, or
   thickened stem, as of some epiphytic orchidaceous plants.

                                  Pseudocarp

   Pseu"do*carp  (?),  n.  [Pseudo-  +  Gr.  (Bot.)  That  portion  of an
   anthocarpous  fruit  which  is not derived from the ovary, as the soft
   part of a strawberry or of a fig.

                                 Pseudo-china

   Pseu`do-chi"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + china.] (Bot.) The false china root,
   a plant of the genus Smilax (S. Pseudo-china), found in America.

                                 Pseudoc\'d2le

   Pseu"do*c\'d2le (?), n. Same as Pseudoc\'d2lia.

                                Pseudoc\'d2lia

   Pseu`do*c\'d2"li*a  (?),  n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The fifth ventricle
   in the mammalian brain. See Ventricle. B. G. Wilder.

                                  Pseudo-cone

   Pseu"do-cone`  (?),  n.  [Pseudo-  + cone.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the soft
   gelatinous cones found in the compound eyes of certain insects, taking
   the place of the crystalline cones of others.

                                 Pseudo-cumene

   Pseu`do-cu"mene  (?),  n. [Pseudo- + cumene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of
   the  aromatic  series,  metameric with mesitylene and cumene, found in
   coal tar, and obtained as a colorless liquid.

                                Pseudo-dipteral

   Pseu`do-dip"ter*al    (?),    a.   [Pseudo-   +   dipteral:   cf.   F.
   pseudodipt\'8are.]  (Arch.)  Falsely  or  imperfectly  dipteral,  as a
   temple  with the inner range of columns surrounding the cella omitted,
   so  that  the  space  between  the  cella wall and the columns is very
   great,  being  equal  to  two  intercolumns  and  one  column. -- n. A
   pseudo-dipteral temple.

                                   Pseudodox

   Pseu"do*dox (?), a. [Gr. Not true in opinion or doctrine; false. -- n.
   A  false  opinion  or doctrine. "To maintain the atheistical pseudodox
   which judgeth evil good, and darkness light." T. Adams.

                                 Pseudofilaria

   Pseu`do*fi*la"ri*a  (?),  n.;  pl. Pseudofilari (#). [NL. See Pseudo-,
   and  Filaria.]  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the two elongated vibratile young
   formed  by  fission  of  the  embryo during the development of certain
   Gregarin\'91.

                                 Pseudo-galena

   Pseu`do-ga*le"na  (?),  n. [Pseudo- + galena.] (Min.) False galena, or
   blende. See Blende (a).

                                  Pseudograph

   Pseu"do*graph  (?), n. [See Pseudography.] A false writing; a spurious
   document; a forgery.

                                 Pseudography

   Pseu*dog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. False writing; forgery.

                                 Pseudohalter

   Pseu`do*hal"ter (?), n.; pl. Pseudohalteres (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and
   Halteres.]  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of the rudimentary front wings of certain
   insects  (Stylops).  They  resemble  the halteres, or rudimentary hind
   wings, of Diptera.

                                 Pseudo-heart

   Pseu"do-heart`  (?),  n. [Pseudo- + heart.] (Zo\'94l.) Any contractile
   vessel  of  invertebrates  which is not of the nature of a real heart,
   especially one of those pertaining to the excretory system.

                              Pseudo-hyperthophic

   Pseu`do-hy`per*thoph"ic  (?),  a.  [Pseudo-  +  hypertrophic.]  (Med.)
   Falsely  hypertrophic; as, pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, a variety of
   paralysis in which the muscles are apparently enlarged, but are really
   degenerated and replaced by fat.

                                 Pseudologist

   Pseu*dol"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who utters falsehoods; a liar.

                                  Pseudology

   Pseu*dol"o*gy   (?),   n.  [Gr.  pseudologie.]  Falsehood  of  speech.
   Arbuthnot.

                                Pseudo-metallic

   Pseu`do-me*tal"lic   (?),   a.   [Pseudo-   +  metallic.]  Falsely  or
   imperfectly metallic; -- said of a kind of luster, as in minerals.

                            Pseudo-monocotyledonous

   Pseu`do-mon`o*cot`y*led"on*ous  (?),  a. [Pseudo- + monocotyledonous.]
   (Bot.)  Having  two  coalescent  cotyledons,  as  the live oak and the
   horse-chestnut.

                                  Pseudomorph

   Pseu"do*morph (?), n. [See Pseudomorphous.]

   1. An irregular or deceptive form.

   2.  (Crystallog.) A pseudomorphous crystal, as a crystal consisting of
   quartz,  but  having  the  cubic form of fluor spar, the fluor crystal
   having been changed to quartz by a process of substitution.

                                Pseudomorphism

   Pseu`do*mor"phism  (?),  n.  (Crystallog.) The state of having, or the
   property  of  taking,  a crystalline form unlike that which belongs to
   the species.

                                Pseudomorphous

   Pseu`do*mor"phous  (?),  a.  [Gr.  pseudomorphe.]  Not having the true
   form.  Pseudomorphous  crystal,  one  which  has  a form that does not
   result from its own powers of crystallization.

                                Pseudonavicella

   Pseu`do*nav`i*cel"la   (?),  n.;  pl.  Pseudonavicull\'91  (#).  [NL.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pseudonavicula.

                                Pseudonavicula

   Pseu`do*na*vic"u*la  (?), n.; pl. Pseudonavicul\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
   navicula,  a  genus  of diatoms. See Navicular.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
   minute spindle-shaped embryos of Gregarin\'91 and some other Protozoa.

                               Pseudoneuroptera

   Pseu`do*neu*rop"te*ra  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Neuroptera.]
   (Zo\'94l.) division of insects (Zo\'94l.) reticulated wings, as in the
   Neuroptera,  but  having  an active pupa state. It includes the dragon
   flies,  May  flies,  white  ants,  etc. By some zo\'94logists they are
   classed with the Orthoptera; by others, with the Neuroptera.

                              Pseudoneuropterous

   Pseu`do*neu*rop"ter*ous  (?),  a.  (Zool.)  Of  or  pertaining  to the
   Pseudoneuroptera.

                                   Pseudonym

   Pseu"do*nym   (?),   n.  [Cf.  F.  pseudonyme.  See  Pseudonymous.]  A
   fictitious  name  assumed  for  the time, as by an author; a pen name.
   [Written also pseudonyme.]

                                 Pseudonumity

   Pseu`do*num"i*ty (?), n. The using of fictitious names, as by authors.

                                 Pseudonymous

   Pseu*don"y*mous  (?),  a.  [Gr.  pseudonyme.  See  Pseudo-, and Name.]
   Bearing  a  false  or  fictitious  name;  as,  a pseudonymous work. --
   Pseu*don"y*mous*ly, adv. -- Pseu*don"y*mous*ness, n.

                               Pseuso-peripteral

   Pseu`so-pe*rip"ter*al   (?),   a.   [Pseudo-   +  peripteral:  cf.  F.
   pseudop\'82ript\'8are.]  (Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as
   a temple having the columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an
   ambulatory   only   at   the  ends  or  only  at  one  end.  --  n.  A
   pseudo-peripteral temple. Oxf. Gloss.

                                   Pseudopod

   Pseu"do*pod (?), n. [Pseudo- + -pod.]

   1.  (Biol.)  Any protoplasmic filament or irregular process projecting
   from any unicellular organism, or from any animal or plant call.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A rhizopod.

                                 Pseudopodial

   Pseu`do*po"di*al  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a pseudopod, or to
   pseudopodia. See Illust. of Heliozoa.

                                 Pseudopodium

   Pseu`do*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pseudopodia (. [NL.] Same as Pseudopod.

                                  Pseudopupa

   Pseu`do*pu"pa  (?),  n.; pl. L. Pseudopup\'91 (#), E. Pseudopupas (#).
   [NL.  See  Pseudo-, and Pupa.] (Zo\'94l.) A stage intermediate between
   the larva and pupa of bees and certain other hymenopterous insects.

                                Pseudorhabdite

   Pseu`do*rhab"dite  (?),  n.  [Pseudo-  +  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of the
   peculiar  rodlike  corpuscles  found  in  the  integument  of  certain
   Turbellaria. They are filled with a soft granular substance.

                                Pseudo-romantic

   Pseu`do-ro*man"tic (?), a. Pseudo- + romantic.]Falsely romantic.

     The false taste, the pseudo-romantic rage. De Quincey.

                                  Pseudoscope

   Pseu"do*scope  (?),  n. [Pseudo- + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument which
   exhibits  objects  with  their  proper  relief  reversed; -- an effect
   opposite to that produced by the stereoscope. Wheatstone.

                                 Pseudoscopic

   Pseu`do*scop"ic  (?),  a.  (Opt.)  Of,  pertaining to, or formed by, a
   pseudoscope;  having its parts appearing with the relief reversed; as,
   a pseudoscopic image.

                               Pseudoscorpiones

   Pseu`do*scor`pi*o"nes  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL. See Pseudo-, and Scorpion.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  An  order  of  Arachnoidea  having the palpi terminated by
   large claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the
   false scorpions. Called also Pseudoscorpii, and Pseudoscorpionina. See
   Illust. of Book scorpion, under Book.

                                 Pseudosphere

   Pseu"do*sphere`  (?),  n.  [Pseudo-  + sphere.] (Geom.) The surface of
   constant negative curvature generated by the revolution of a tractrix.
   This  surface  corresponds  in  non-Euclidian  space  to the sphere in
   ordinary  space.  An  important  property  of  the surface is that any
   figure drawn upon it can be displaced in any way without tearing it or
   altering in size any of its elements.

                                  Pseudospore

   Pseu"do*spore`   (?),   n.   [Pseudo-   +   spore.]  (Bot.)A  peculiar
   reproductive cell found in some fungi.

                                 Pseudostella

   Pseu`do*stel"la  (?),  n.;  pl.  -l\'91.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. stella star.]
   (Astron.) Any starlike meteor or phenomenon. [R.]

                                  Pseudostoma

   Pseu*dos"to*ma  (?),  n.; pl. Pseudostomata (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and
   Stoma.]  (Anat.)  A group of cells resembling a stoma, but without any
   true aperture among them.

                               Pseudo-symmetric

   Pseu`do-sym*met"ric (?), a. (Crystallog.) Exhibiting pseudo-symmetry.

                                Pseudo-symmetry

   Pseu`do-sym"me*try  (?), n. [Pseudo- + symmetry.] (Crystallog.) A kind
   of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which from twinning, or
   other  causes,  come  to resemble forms of a system other than that to
   which they belong, as the apparently hexagonal prisms of aragonite.

                                Pseudotetramera

   Pseu`do*te*tram"e*ra  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Tetramerous.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  A division of beetles having the fifth tarsal joint minute
   and  obscure,  so  that  there  appear  to  be  but  four  joints.  --
   Pseu`do*te*tram"er*al (#), a.

                                  Pseudotinea

   Pseu`do*tin"e*a  (,  n.; pl. Pseudotine\'91 (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and
   Tinea.] (Zo\'94l.) The bee moth, or wax moth (Galleria).

                                Pseudoturbinal

   Pseu`do*tur"bi*nal  (?),  a.  [Pseudo-  + turbinal.] (Anat.) See under
   Turbinal.

                                  Pseudovary

   Pseu*do"va*ry  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pseudovaries  (#).  [Pseudo-  + ovary.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  The  organ  in which pseudova are produced; -- called also
   pseudovarium.

                                   Pseudovum

   Pseu*do"vum  (?),  n.;  pl. Pseudova (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and Ovum.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  An  egglike  germ  produced  by the agamic females of some
   insects  and other animals, and by the larv\'91 of certain insects. It
   is  capable  of  development  without  fertilization.  See  Illust. of
   P\'91dogenesis.

                                     Pshaw

   Pshaw   (?),  interj.  [Of  imitative  origin.]  Pish!  pooch!  --  an
   exclamation  used as an expression of contempt, disdain, dislike, etc.
   [Written also psha.]

                                     Pshaw

   Pshaw (?), v. i. To express disgust or contemptuous disapprobation, as
   by the exclamation " Pshaw!"

     The  goodman  used regularly to frown and pshaw wherever this topic
     was touched upon. Sir W. Scott.

                                 Psilanthropic

   Psi`lan*throp"ic  (?),  a.  [see  Psilanthropist.]  Pertaining  to, or
   embodying, psilanthropy. "A psilanthropic explanation." Coleridge.

                                Psilanthropism

   Psi*lan"thro*pism (?), n. Psilanthropy.

                                Psilanthropist

   Psi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. One who believes that Christ was a mere
   man. Smart.

                                 Psilanthropy

   Psi*lan"thro*py  (?), n. The doctrine of the merely human existence of
   Christ.

                                   Psilology

   Psi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr -logy.] Love of empty of empty talk or noise.
   Coleridge.

                                  Psilomelane

   Psi*lom"e*lane  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Min.)  A  hydrous oxide of manganese,
   occurring  in  smooth,  botryoidal  forms,  and massive, and having an
   iron-black or steel-gray color.

                                 Psilop\'91des

   Psi`lo*p\'91"des  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) birds whose
   young  at  first  have  down  on  the  pteryl\'91 only; -- called also
   Gymnop\'91des.

                                 Psilop\'91dic

   Psi`lo*p\'91d"ic  (?),  a.  (Zo\'94l.) Having down upon the pteryl\'91
   only; -- said of the young of certain birds.

                                  Psilosopher

   Psi*los"o*pher,   n.   [Gr.  A  superficial  or  narrow  pretender  to
   philosophy; a sham philosopher.

                            Psittaceous, Psittacid

   Psit*ta"ceous  (?),  Psit"ta*cid  (?),  a. [L. psittacus a parrot, Gr.
   psittacide.]  (Zo\'94l.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  parrots, or the
   Psittaci. -- n. One of the Psittaci.

                                   Psittaci

   Psit"ta*ci  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.]  (Zo\'94l.)  The order of birds which
   comprises the parrots.

                               Psitta-co-fulvine

   Psit`ta-co-ful"*vine  (?),  n.  [Gr.  fulvus yellow.] A yellow pigment
   found in the feathers of certain parrots.

                                     Psoas

   Pso"as  (?),  n.  [Gr. psoas.] (Anat.) An internal muscle arising from
   the  lumbar  vertebr\'91 and inserted into the femur. In man there are
   usually  two on each side, and the larger one, or great psoas, forms a
   part of the iliopsoas.

                                     Psora

   Pso"ra  (?),  n.  [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A cutaneous disease; especially,
   the itch.

                                   Psoriasis

   Pso*ri"a*sis  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Med.) (a) The state of being
   affected  with psora. [Obs.] (b) A cutaneous disease, characterized by
   imbricated  silvery  scales,  affecting only the superficial layers of
   the skin.

                                    Psoric

   Pso"ric  (?),  a. [L. psoricus, Gr. psorique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining
   to psora.

                                  Psorosperm

   Pso"ro*sperm  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A minute parasite, usually the
   young of Gregarin\'91, in the pseudonavicula stage.

                                  Psychagogic

   Psy`cha*gog"ic  (?),  a. [Gr. Psychagogue.] Attractive; persuasive. J.
   Morley.

                                  Psychagogue

   Psy"cha*gogue (?), n. [Gr. A necromancer. [R.]

                                    Psychal

   Psy"chal  (?),  a.  [See  Psychical.]  Of  or  pertaining to the soul;
   psychical. Bayne.

                                    Psyche

   Psy"che (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

   1.  (Class  Myth.) A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of
   Eros, or Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul.

   2. The soul; the vital principle; the mind.

   3. [F. psych\'82.] A cheval glass.

                                   Psychian

   Psy"chi*an  (?),  n. (Zo\'94l.) Any small moth of the genus Psyche and
   allied  genera  (family  Psychid\'91).  The larv\'91 are called basket
   worms. See Basket worm, under Basket.

                            Psychiatria, Psychiatry

   Psy*chi`a*tri"a  (?),  Psy*chi"a*try (?), n. [NL. psychiatria, fr. Gr.
   (Med.)  The  application  of  the  healing  art  to  mental  diseases.
   Dunglison.

                                  Psychiatric

   Psy`chi*at"ric (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to psychiatria.

                              Psychic, Psychical

   Psy"chic (?), Psy"chic*al (?), a. [L. psychicus, Gr. psychique.]

   1.  Of  or pertaining to the human soul, or to the living principle in
   man.

     NOTE: &hand; Th is te rm was formerly used to express the same idea
     as  psychological. Recent metaphysicians, however, have employed it
     to mark the difference between psychh` the living principle in man,
     and  pney^ma  the rational or spiritual part of his nature. In this
     use,  the  word  describes the human soul in its relation to sense,
     appetite,  and  the  outer  visible  world,  as  distinguished from
     spiritual  or  rational  faculties,  which  have  to  do  with  the
     supersensible world. Heyse.

   2.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  mind,  or its functions and diseases;
   mental; -- contrasted with physical.
   Psychical  blindness,  Psychical  deafness  (Med.),  forms  of nervous
   disease  in  which,  while  the  senses  of  sight  and hearing remain
   unimpaired,  the  mind  fails  to  appreciate  the significance of the
   sounds   heard  or  the  images  seen.  --  Psychical  contagion,  the
   transference  of  disease, especially of a functional nervous disease,
   by  mere  force  of example. -- Psychical medicine, that department of
   medicine which treats of mental diseases.<-- psychiatry? -->

                                   Psychics

   Psy"chics (?), n. Psychology.

                                   Psychism

   Psy"chism  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  psychisme.]  (Philos.)  The doctrine of
   Quesne,  that  there  is  a  fluid  universally  diffused, end equally
   animating all living beings, the difference in their actions being due
   to the difference of the individual organizations. Fleming.
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   Page 1158

                                    Psycho-

   Psy"cho-  (?).  A  combining  form  from  Gr.  the soul, the mind, the
   understanding; as, psychology.

                                 Psychogenesis

   Psy`cho*gen"e*sis  (?),  n.  Genesis  through  an  internal  force, as
   opposed to natural selection.

                                 Psychography

   Psy*chog"ra*phy (?), n. [Psycho- + -graphy.]

   1. A description of the phenomena of mind.

   2. (Spiritualism) Spirit writing.

                          Psychologic, Psychological

   Psy`cho*log"ic  (?), Psy`cho*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. psychologique.]
   Of   or   pertaining   to  psychology.  See  Note  under  Psychic.  --
   Psy`cho*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

                                 Psychologist

   Psy*chol"o*gist  (?), n. [Cf. F. psychologiste.] One who is versed in,
   devoted to, psychology.

                                  Psychologue

   Psy"cho*logue (?), n. A psychologist.

                                  Psychology

   Psy*chol"o*gy  (?),  n.  pl.  Psychologies (. [Psycho- + -logy: cf. F.
   psychologie.   See   Psychical.]   The  science  of  the  human  soul;
   specifically, the systematic or scientific knowledge of the powers and
   functions   of   the   human  soul,  so  far  as  they  are  known  by
   consciousness; a treatise on the human soul.

     Psychology, the science conversant about the phenomena of the mind,
     or conscious subject, or self. Sir W. Hamilton.

                                  Psychomachy

   Psy*chom"a*chy  (?),  n.  [L.  psychomachia, fr. Gr. A conflict of the
   soul with the body.

                                  Psychomancy

   Psy"cho*man`cy  (?),  n.  [Psycho-  +  -mancy:  cf.  F. psychomancie.]
   Necromancy.

                                  Psychometry

   Psy*chom"e*try  (?),  n.  [Psycho-  +  -metry.]  (Physiol.) The art of
   measuring the duration of mental processes, or of determining the time
   relations of mental phenomena. -- Psy`cho*met"ric (#), a.

                                 Psycho-motor

   Psy`cho-mo"tor (?), a. [Psycho- + motor.] Of or pertaining to movement
   produced by action of the mind or will.

                               Psychopannychism

   Psy"cho*pan"ny*chism (?), n. [Psycho- + Gr. (Theol.) The doctrine that
   the  soul  falls  asleep  at  death,  and  does  not  wake  until  the
   resurrection of the body. -- Psy`cho*pan"ny*chism (#), n.

                                  Psychopathy

   Psy*chop"a*thy  (?),  n.  [Psycho-  +  Gr.  (Med.) Mental disease. See
   Psychosis, 2. -- Psy`cho*path"ic, a. -- Psy*chop"a*thist, n.

                                Psychophysical

   Psy`cho*phys"ic*al   (?),   a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  psychophysics;
   involving the action or mutual relations of the psychical and physical
   in man. Psychophysical time (Physiol.), the time required for the mind
   to  transform  a  sensory  impression  into  a motor impulse. It is an
   important part of physiological or reaction time. See under Reaction.
   
                                 Psychophysics
                                       
   Psy`cho*phys"ics  (?),  n.  [Psycho-  +  physics.]  The science of the
   connection  between  nerve action and consciousness; the science which
   treats  of  the  relations  of  the  psychical  and  physical in their
   conjoint operation in man; the doctrine of the relation of function or
   dependence between body and soul.
   
                                  Psychopomp
                                       
   Psy"cho*pomp  (?),  n. [Gr. psychopompe.] (Myth.) A leader or guide of
   souls . J. Fiske.
   
                                   Psychosis
                                       
   Psy*cho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Psycho-.] 

   1. Any vital action or activity. Mivart.

   2.  (Med.)  A  disease  of  the  mind; especially, a functional mental
   disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes.

                                  Psychozoic

   Psy`cho*zo"ic (?), a. [Psycho- + Gr. (Geol.)Designating, or applied to
   the Era of man; as, the psychozoic era.

                                 Psychrometer

   Psy*chrom"e*ter   (?),  n.  [Gr.  psychro`s  cold  +  -meter:  cf.  F.
   psychrom\'8atre.]  An  instrument  for  measuring  the  tension of the
   aqueous  vapor in the atmosphere, being essentially a wet and dry bulb
   hygrometer.

                                Psychrometrical

   Psy`chro*met"ric*al  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to the psychrometer or
   psychrometry.

                                 Psychrometry

   Psy*chrom"e*try (?), n. Hygrometry.

                                    Psylla

   Psyl"la  (?),  n.;  pl.  Psyll\'91  (#). [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any
   leaping plant louse of the genus Psylla, or family Psyllid\'91.

                                   Ptarmigan

   Ptar"mi*gan  (?),  n. [Gael. tarmachan; cf. Ir. tarmochan, tarmonach.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  Any grouse of the genus Lagopus, of which numerous species
   are  known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are
   brown in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter.

     NOTE: &hand; Th ey ch iefly inhabit the northern countries and high
     mountains of Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species
     is  Lagopus  mutus. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (L.
     Scoticus), is reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The
     white,  or willow, ptarmigan (L. albus) is found in both Europe and
     America.

                                  Ptenoglossa

   Pte`no*glos"sa  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   gastropod  mollusks  having  the  teeth of the radula arranged in long
   transverse rows, somewhat like the barbs of a feather.

                                 Ptenoglossate

   Pte`no*glos"sate   (?),   a.   (Zo\'94l.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the
   Ptenoglossa.

                                  Pteranodon

   Pte*ran"o*don  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of American Cretaceous
   pterodactyls  destitute  of  teeth. Several species are known, some of
   which had an expanse of wings of twenty feet or more.

                                 Pteranodontia

   Pte*ran`o*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of pterodactyls
   destitute of teeth, as in the genus Pteranodon.

                                  Pterichthys

   Pte*rich"thys  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of Devonian
   fossil  fishes with winglike appendages. The head and most of the body
   were covered with large bony plates. See Placodermi.

                                 Pteridologist

   Pter`i*dol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in pteridology.

                                  Pteridology

   Pter`i*dol"o*gy  (?),  n. [Gr. -logy.] That department of botany which
   treats of ferns.

                                 Pteridomania

   Pter`i*do*ma"ni*a  (?),  n.  [Gr.  mania.] A madness, craze, or strong
   fancy, for ferns. [R.] C. Kingsley.

                                 Pteridophyta

   Pter`i*doph"y*ta  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  from  Gr.  (Bot.)  A  class of
   flowerless   plants,   embracing   ferns,   horsetails,  club  mosses,
   quillworts,  and other like plants. See the Note under Cryptogamia. --
   Pter"i*do*phyte` (#), n.

     NOTE: &hand; Th is is  a  modern term, devised to replace the older
     ones acrogens and vascular Cryptogamia.

                                 Pterobranchia

   Pter`o*bran"chi*a  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of
   marine  Bryozoa,  having  a  bilobed lophophore and an axial cord. The
   genus   Rhabdopleura   is  the  type.  Called  also  Podostomata.  See
   Rhabdopleura.

                                  Pteroceras

   Pte*roc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large marine
   gastropods  having  the outer border of the lip divided into lobes; --
   called also scorpion shell.

                                  Pterocletes

   Pter`o*cle"tes  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr Pterocles, the typical genus, fr.
   Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the sand grouse. They are
   in  some  respects  intermediate  between the pigeons and true grouse.
   Called also Pteroclomorph\'91.

                                  Pterodactyl

   Pter`o*dac"tyl  (?),  n.  [Gr.  pt\'82rodactyle.] (Paleon.) An extinct
   flying reptile; one of the Pterosauria. See Illustration in Appendix.

                                 Pterodactyli

   Pter`o*dac"ty*li (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pterosauria.

                                 Pteroglossal

   Pter`o*glos"sal  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  Having  the tongue finely
   notched  along  the  sides, so as to have a featherlike appearance, as
   the toucans.

                                    Pteron

   Pte"ron  (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The region of the skull, in the
   temporal  fossa  back  of  the  orbit,  where  the  great  wing of the
   sphenoid,  the  temporal, the parietal, and the frontal hones approach
   each other.

                                  Pteropappi

   Pter`o*pap"pi   (?),   n.   pl.   [NL.,   from  Gr.  (Zool.)  Same  as
   Odontotorm\'91.

                                  Pterophore

   Pter"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the genus Pterophorus
   and allied genera; a plume moth. See Plume moth, under Plume.

                                   Pteropod

   Pter"o*pod   (?),   n.  [Gr.  pt\'82ropode.]  (Zo\'94l.)  One  of  the
   Pteropoda.

                                   Pteropoda

   Pte*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A class of Mollusca in which
   the  anterior  lobes  of  the foot are developed in the form of broad,
   thin, winglike organs, with which they swim at near the surface of the
   sea.

     NOTE: &hand; Th  e Pt  eropoda ar  e di  vided in  to tw o or ders:
     Cymnosomata,  which  have  the  body  entirely  naked  and the head
     distinct  from  the  wings;  and Thecosomata, which have a delicate
     transparent  shell of various forms, and the head not distinct from
     the wings.

                                  Pteropodous

   Pte*rop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pteropoda.

                                   Pterosaur

   Pter"o*saur (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A pterodactyl.

                                  Pterosauria

   Pter`o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of flying
   reptiles  of  the  Mesozoic  age;  the  pterodactyls;  --  called also
   Pterodactyli, and Ornithosauria.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e wi ngs we re fo rmed, li ke th ose of  bats, by a
     leathery  expansion  of  the  skin,  principally  supported  by the
     greatly  enlarged  outer  or  "  little"  fingers of the hands. The
     American  Cretaceous  pterodactyls had no teeth. See Pteranodontia,
     and Pterodactyl.

                                 Pterosaurian

   Pter`o*sau"ri*an   (?),   a.   (Paleon.)   Of  or  pertaining  to  the
   Pterosauria.

                                  Pterostigma

   Pter`o*stig"ma   (?),   n.;  pl.  Pterostigmata  (#).  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.
   (Zo\'94l.) A thickened opaque spot on the wings of certain insects.

                                   Pterotic

   Pte*ro"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, a
   bone  between  the pro\'94tic and epiotic in the dorsal and outer part
   of the periotic capsule of many fishes. -- n. The pterotic bone.

     NOTE: &hand; The pterotic bone is so called because fancied in some
     cases to resemble in form a bird's wing

                                   Pterygium

   Pte*ryg"i*um  (?),  n.;  pl. E. Pterygiums (#), L. Pterygia (#). [NL.,
   fr.  Gr. (Med.) A superficial growth of vascular tissue radiating in a
   fanlike manner from the cornea over the surface of the eye.

                                   Pterygoid

   Pter"y*goid  (?),  a.  [Gr.  -oid.]  (Anat.) (a) Like a bird's wing in
   form;  as,  a  pterygoid bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region
   of,  the  pterygoid  bones, pterygoid processes, or the whole sphenoid
   bone.  --  n.  A  pterygoid bone. Pterygoid bone (Anat.), a bone which
   corresponds  to  the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human
   skull,  but  which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected
   with  the  posterior  nares,  but serves to connect the palatine bones
   with  the  point  of suspension of the lower jaw. -- Pterygoid process
   (Anat.),  a  process  projecting  downward  from  either  side  of the
   sphenoid  bone, in man divided into two plates, an inner and an outer.
   The  posterior  nares  pass  through  the  space, called the pterygoid
   fossa, between the processes.
   
                               Pterygomaxillary
                                       
   Pter`y*go*max"il*la*ry  (?), a. [Pterygoid + maxillary.] (Anat.) Of or
   pertaining  to  the  inner pterygoid plate, or pterygoid bone, and the
   lower jaw. 

                                Pterygopalatine

   Pter`y*go*pal"a*tine  (?),  a.  [Pterygoid  + palatine.] (Anat.) Of or
   pertaining to the pterygoid processes and the palatine bones.

                                 Pterygopodium

   Pter`y*go*po"di*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pterygopodia  (#).  [NL.,  fr. Gr.
   (Anat.)  A  specially  modified  part  of  the  ventral  fin  in  male
   elasmobranchs, which serves as a copulatory organ, or clasper.

                                Pterygoquadrate

   Pter`y*go*quad"rate  (?),  a.  [Pterygoid  +  quadrate.]  (Anat.)  Of,
   pertaining  to,  or  representing  the pterygoid and quadrate bones or
   cartilages.

                                    Pteryla

   Pte*ry"la (?), n.; pl. Pteryl\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of
   the  definite  areas  of the skin of a bird on which feathers grow; --
   contrasted with apteria.

                                 Pterylography

   Pter`y*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Pteryla + -graphy.] (Zo\'94l.) The study or
   description  of  the arrangement of feathers, or of the pteryl\'91, of
   birds.

                                  Pterylosis

   Pter`y*lo"sis  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  NL. & E. pteryla.] (Zo\'94l.) The
   arrangement of feathers in definite areas.

                                  Ptilocerque

   Ptil"o*cerque (?), n. [Gr. (Zool.) The pentail.

                                 Ptilop\'91des

   Ptil`o*p\'91"des  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Zo\'94l.)  Same  as
   Dasyp\'91des.

                                 Ptilop\'91dic

   Ptil`o*p\'91d"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having nearly the whole surface of
   the  skin  covered  with  down;  dasyp\'91dic; -- said of the young of
   certain birds.

                                  Ptilopteri

   Pti*lop"te*ri  (?),  n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds
   including only the penguins.

                                   Ptilosis

   Pti*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pterylosis.

                                    Ptisan

   Ptis"an  (?), n. [L. ptisana peeled barley, barley water, Gr. ptisane,
   tisane.]

   1. A decoction of barley with other ingredients; a farinaceous drink.

   2.  (Med.)  An  aqueous medicine, containing little, if any, medicinal
   agent; a tea or tisane.

                                   Ptolemaic

   Ptol`e*ma"ic  (?),  a. Of or pertaining to Ptolemy, the geographer and
   astronomer.  Ptolemaic  system  (Astron.),  the  system  maintained by
   Ptolemy,  who  supposed  the  earth  to  be fixed in the center of the
   universe,  with the sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was
   received for ages, until superseded by the Copernican system.

                                  Ptolemaist

   Ptol"e*ma`ist  (?),  n.  One  who  accepts  the astronomical system of
   Ptolemy.

                                   Ptomaine

   Pto"ma*ine (?), n. [From Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class of animal
   bases  or  alkaloids  formed  in  the putrefaction of various kinds of
   albuminous  matter,  and closely related to the vegetable alkaloids; a
   cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead
   matter, by which they are to be distinguished from the leucomaines.

                                    Ptosis

   Pto"sis  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. Gr. (Med.) Drooping of the upper eyelid,
   produced by paralysis of its levator muscle.
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   Page 1159

                                    Ptyalin

   Pty"a*lin  (?),  n.  [Gr.  Ptyalism.]  (Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized
   amylolytic  ferment,  on  enzyme, present in human mixed saliva and in
   the saliva of some animals.

                                   Ptyalism

   Pty"a*lism  (?),  n. [Gr. ptyalisme.] Salivation, or an excessive flow
   of saliva. Quain.

                                  Ptyalogogue

   Pty*al"o*gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A ptysmagogue.

                                  Ptysmagogue

   Ptys"ma*gogue  (?),  n.  [Gr.  ptysmagogue.]  (Med.)  A  medicine that
   promotes the discharge of saliva.

                                    Ptyxis

   Ptyx"is  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (Bot.)  The way in which a leaf is
   sometimes folded in the bud.

                                    Pubble

   Pub"ble  (?),  a. [Perhaps fr. bubble.] Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat.
   [Obs.] Drant.

                                    Puberal

   Pu"ber*al  (?),  a.  [From  L.  puber,  pubes, grown up, adult.] Of or
   pertaining to puberty.

                                    Puberty

   Pu"ber*ty  (?),  n.  [L.  pubertas,  fr.  puber,  pubes, adult: cf. F.
   pubert\'82.]

   1.  The  earliest  age  at  which  persons are capable of begetting or
   bearing  children,  usually  considered,  in temperate climates, to be
   about fourteen years in males and twelve in females.

   2. (Bot.) The period when a plant first bears flowers.

                                  Puberulent

   Pu*ber"u*lent (?), a. [See Pubis.] (Bot.) Very minutely downy.

                                     Pubes

   Pu"bes  (?),  n.  [L.,  the hair which appears on the body at puberty,
   from pubes adult.]

   1.  (Anat.)  (a)  The  hair  which  appears upon the lower part of the
   hypogastric  region at the age of puberty. (b) Hence (as more commonly
   used), the lower part of the hypogastric region; the pubic region.

   2. (Bot.) The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows
   on plants; pubescence.

                                  Pubescence

   Pu*bes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. pubescence.]

   1.  The  quality  or state of being pubescent, or of having arrived at
   puberty. Sir T. Browne.

   2.  A  covering  of  soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and
   insects; also, the state of being so covered.

                                  Pubescency

   Pu*bes"cen*cy (?), n. Pubescence.

                                   Pubescent

   Pu*bes"cent  (?),  a.  [L.  pubescens,  -entis, p. pr. of pubescere to
   reach  puberty,  to  grow  hairy  or  mossy,  fr.  pubes pubes: cf. F.
   pubescent.]

   1. Arrived at puberty.

     That  .  .  . the men (are) pubescent at the age of twice seven, is
     accounted a punctual truth. Sir T. Browne.

   2.  Covered  with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects,
   and the leaves of some plants.

                                     Pubic

   Pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of
   the  pubes; as, the pubic bone; the pubic region, or the lower part of
   the hypogastric region. See Pubes. (b) Of or pertaining to the pubis.

                                     Pubis

   Pu"bis  (?),  n.  [NL. See Pubes.] (Anat.) The ventral and anterior of
   the  three  principal  bones  composing  either  half  of  the pelvis;
   sharebone; pubic bone.

                                    Public

   Pub"lic  (?),  a.  [L.  publicus, poblicus, fr. populus people: cf. F.
   public. See People.]

   1.  Of  or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating
   to,  or  affecting,  a  nation,  state,  or  community;  -- opposed to
   private; as, the public treasury.

     To the public good Private respects must yield. Milton.

     He  [Alexander  Hamilton]  touched  the  dead  corpse of the public
     credit, and it sprung upon its feet. D. Webster.

   2.  Open  to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious;
   as, public report; public scandal.

     Joseph,  . . . not willing to make her a public example, was minded
     to put her away privily. Matt. i. 19.

   3.  Open  to common or general use; as, a public road; a public house.
   "The public street." Shak.
   Public  act  OR  statute (Law), an act or statute affecting matters of
   public  concern.  Of such statutes the courts take judicial notice. --
   Public  credit.  See  under  Credit.  -- Public funds. See Fund, 3. --
   Public  house,  an  inn, or house of entertainment. -- Public law. (a)
   See  International  law,  under  International.  (b)  A  public act or
   statute.  --  Public  nuisance.  (Law)  See  under Nuisance. -- Public
   orator.  (Eng. Universities) See Orator, 3. -- Public stores, military
   and  naval  stores,  equipments, etc. -- Public works, all fixed works
   built  by  civil engineers for public use, as railways, docks, canals,
   etc.;  but  strictly, military and civil engineering works constructed
   at the public cost.

                                    Public

   Pub"lic, n.

   1.  The  general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or community;
   the  people, indefinitely; as, the American public; also, a particular
   body or aggregation of people; as, an author's public.

     The public is more disposed to censure than to praise. Addison.

   2. A public house; an inn. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
   In  public,  openly; before an audience or the people at large; not in
   private or secrecy. "We are to speak in public." Shak.
   
                                   Publican
                                       
   Pub"li*can (?), n. [L. publicanus: cf. F. publicain. See Public.] 

   1.  (Rom.  Antiq.) A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a
   collector of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were
   often  oppressive  in  their  exactions,  and were regarded with great
   detestation.

     As Jesus at meat . . . many publicans and sinners came and sat down
     with him and his disciples. Matt. 1x. 10.

     How like a fawning publican he looks! Shak.

   2.  The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer,
   spirits, or wine.

                                  Publication

   Pub`li*ca"tion   (?),   n.   [L.   publicatio   confiscation:  cf.  F.
   publication. See Publish.]

   1.  The  act of publishing or making known; notification to the people
   at  large,  either  by  words,  writing,  or  printing;  proclamation;
   divulgation;  promulgation;  as,  the  publication of the law at Mount
   Sinai;  the  publication of the gospel; the publication of statutes or
   edicts.

   2.  The  act  of  offering  a  book, pamphlet, engraving, etc., to the
   public by sale or by gratuitous distribution.

     The  publication  of  these  papers was not owing to our folly, but
     that of others. Swift.

   3.  That  which  is  published  or  made  known; especially, any book,
   pamphlet,  etc.,  offered for sale or to public notice; as, a daily or
   monthly publication.

   4. An act done in public. [R. & Obs.]

     His  jealousy  .  .  .  attends  the business, the recreations, the
     publications, and retirements of every man. Jer. Taylor.

   Publication  of a libel (Law), such an exhibition of a libel as brings
   it to the notice of at least one person other than the person libeled.
   -- Publication of a will (Law), the delivery of a will, as his own, by
   a testator to witnesses who attest it.

                                Public-hearted

   Pub"lic-heart`ed (?), a. Public-spirited. [R.]

                                   Publicist

   Pub"li*cist  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  publiciste.]  A writer on the laws of
   nature  and nations; one who is versed in the science of public right,
   the principles of government, etc.

     The  Whig  leaders,  however, were much more desirous to get rid of
     Episcopacy  than  to  prove  themselves  consummate  publicists and
     logicians. Macaulay.

   <-- 2. One who publicizes, esp. a press agent. -->

                                   Publicity

   Pub*lic"i*ty  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. publicit\'82.] The quality or state of
   being  public,  or  open  to  the knowledge of a community; notoriety;
   publicness.

                                   Publicly

   Pub"lic*ly (?), adv.

   1.  With  exposure  to  popular  view  or notice; without concealment;
   openly;  as,  property  publicly offered for sale; an opinion publicly
   avowed; a declaration publicly made.

   2. In the name of the community. Addison.

                                 Public-minded

   Pub"lic-mind`ed (?), a. Public-spirited. -- Pub"lic-mind`ed*ness, n.

                                  Publicness

   Pub"lic*ness, n.

   1. The quality or state of being public, or open to the view or notice
   of  people  at  large;  publicity;  notoriety; as, the publicness of a
   sale.

   2.  The  quality  or  state  of  belonging  to  the community; as, the
   publicness of property. Boyle.

                                Public-spirited

   Pub"lic-spir`it*ed (?), a.

   1. Having, or exercising, a disposition to advance the interest of the
   community or public; as, public-spirited men.

   2.  Dictated by a regard to public good; as, a public-spirited project
   or    measure.    Addison.    --    Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ly,   adv.   --
   Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

                                    Publish

   Pub"lish  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Published (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Publishing.]  [F.  publier,  L. publicare, publicatum. See Public, and
   -ish.]

   1.  To make public; to make known to mankind, or to people in general;
   to  divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or proclaim, as a
   law or an edict.

     Published was the bounty of her name. Chaucer.

     The  unwearied  sun,  from  day  to  day,  Does his Creator's power
     display,  And publishes to every land The work of an almighty hand.
     Addison.

   2. To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to publish
   banns of marriage.

   3.  To  send  forth,  as  a  book,  newspaper, musical piece, or other
   printed  work,  either for sale or for general distribution; to print,
   and issue from the press.

   4.  To  utter,  or  put  into  circulation; as, to publish counterfeit
   paper. [U.S.]
   To publish a will (Law), to acknowledge it before the witnesses as the
   testator's  last  will  and  testament. Syn. -- To announce; proclaim;
   advertise;   declare;   promulgate;  disclose;  divulge;  reveal.  See
   Announce.

                                  Publishable

   Pub"lish*a*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being  published;  suitable for
   publication.

                                   Publisher

   Pub"lish*er  (?),  n.  One who publishes; as, a publisher of a book or
   magazine.

     For love of you, not hate unto my friend, Hath made me publisher of
     this pretense. Shak.

                                  Publishment

   Pub"lish*ment (?), n.

   1. The act or process of making publicly known; publication.

   2.  A public notice of intended marriage, required by the laws of some
   States. [U.S.]

                                    Puccoon

   Puc*coon"  (?),  n. [From the American Indian name.] (Bot.) Any one of
   several  plants  yielding  a  red  pigment  which is used by the North
   American Indians, as the bloodroot and two species of Lithospermum (L.
   hirtum, and L. canescens); also, the pigment itself.

                                     Puce

   Puce (?), a. [F., fr. puce a flea, L. pulex, pulicis.] Of a dark brown
   or brownish purple color.<-- MW10: dark red -->

                                     Pucel

   Pu"cel (?), n. See Pucelle. [Obs.]

                                   Pucelage

   Pu"cel*age (?; 48), n. [F.] Virginity. [R.]

                                    Pucelle

   Pu*celle"  (?),  n.  [F.,  fr.  LL.  pulicella,  fr. L. pullus a young
   animal. See Pullet.] A maid; a virgin. [Written also pucel.] [Obs.]

     Lady or pucelle, that wears mask or fan. B. Jonson.

   La Pucelle, the Maid of Orleans, Joan of Arc.

                                    Puceron

   Pu"ce*ron  (?),  n.  [F.,  from puce a flea. See Puce.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
   plant louse, or aphis.

                                   Pucherite

   Pu"cher*ite (?), n. [So named from the Pucher Mine, in Saxony.] (Min.)
   Vanadate of bismuth, occurring in minute reddish brown crystals.

                                     Puck

   Puck (?), n. [OE. pouke; cf. OSw. puke, Icel. p&umac;ki an evil demon,
   W. pwca a hobgoblin. Cf. Poker a bugbear, Pug.]

   1.  (Medi\'91val Myth.) A celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the
   night;" -- called also Robin Goodfellow, Friar Rush, Pug, etc. Shak.

     He  meeteth  Puck,  whom  most  men call Hobgoblin, and on him doth
     fall. Drayton.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) The goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]

                                   Puckball

   Puck"ball` (?), n. [Puck + ball.] A puffball.

                                    Pucker

   Puck"er  (?),  v.  t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Puckered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Puckering.]  [From  Poke  a  pocket,  small bag.] To gather into small
   folds  or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate;
   -- often with up; as, to pucker up the mouth. "His skin [was] puckered
   up in wrinkles." Spectator.

                                    Pucker

   Puck"er, n.

   1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds.

   2.  A  state  of  perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation.
   [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

                                   Puckerer

   Puck"er*er, n. One who, or that which, puckers.

                                    Puckery

   Puck"er*y (?), a.

   1.  Producing,  or  tending to produce, a pucker; as, a puckery taste.
   Lowell.

   2.  Inclined  to  become  puckered  or  wrinkled;  full  of puckers or
   wrinkles.

                                   Puckfist

   Puck"fist` (?), n. A puffball.

                                    Puckish

   Puck"ish,   a.  [From  Puck.]  Resembling  Puck;  merry;  mischievous.
   "Puckish freaks." J. R. Green.

                                    Pucras

   Pu"cras (?), n. [From a native name in India.] (Zo\'94l.) See Koklass.

                                      Pud

   Pud (?), n. Same as Pood.

                                      Pud

   Pud (?), n. The hand; the first. [Colloq.] Lamb.

                                   Puddening

   Pud"den*ing  (?), n. [Probably fr. pudden, for pudding, in allusion to
   its  softness.]  (Naut.)  (a)  A  quantity  of rope-yarn, or the like,
   placed,  as  a  fender,  on  the  bow  of  a boat. (b) A bunch of soft
   material to prevent chafing between spars, or the like.

                                    Pudder

   Pud"der  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Puddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Puddering.]  [Cf.  Pother.]  To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to
   make a pother or fuss; to potter; to meddle.

     Puddering in the designs or doings of others. Barrow.

     Others pudder into their food with their broad nebs. Holland.

                                    Pudder

   Pud"der, v. t. To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; as, to
   pudder a man. Locke.

                                    Pudder

   Pud"der,  n.  A  pother;  a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle.
   "All in a pudder." Milton.

                                    Pudding

   Pud"ding  (?),  n.  [Cf. F. boudin black pudding, sausage, L. botulus,
   botellus,  a sausage, G. & Sw. pudding pudding, Dan. podding, pudding,
   LG. puddig thick, stumpy, W. poten, potten, also E. pod, pout, v.]

   1.  A  species  of  food  of  a  soft  or moderately hard consistence,
   variously  made,  but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and
   eggs, etc.

     And solid pudding against empty praise. Pope.

   2.  Anything  resembling,  or  of  the  softness  and  consistency of,
   pudding.

   3.  An  intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a
   sausage. Shak.

   4. Any food or victuals.

     Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your tongue. Prior.

   5. (Naut.) Same as Puddening.
   Pudding  grass (Bot.), the true pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium), formerly
   used  to  flavor stuffing for roast meat. Dr. Prior. -- Pudding pie, a
   pudding  with meat baked in it. Taylor (1630). -- Pudding pipe (Bot.),
   the  long,  cylindrical pod of the leguminous tree Cassia Fistula. The
   seeds  are  separately  imbedded  in  a  sweetish pulp. See Cassia. --
   Pudding  sleeve, a full sleeve like that of the English clerical gown.
   Swift.  --  Pudding  stone. (Min.) See Conglomerate, n., 2. -- Pudding
   time.  (a)  The  time of dinner, pudding being formerly the dish first
   eaten. [Obs.] Johnson. (b) The nick of time; critical time. [Obs.]

     Mars,  that  still  protects the stout, In pudding time came to his
     aid. Hudibras.

                                Pudding-headed

   Pud"ding-head`ed (?), a. Stupid. [Colloq.]

                                    Puddle

   Pud"dle (?), n. [OE. podel; cf. LG. pudel, Ir. & Gael. plod pool.]

   1.  A  small  quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small
   pool. Spenser.

   2.  Clay,  or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet,
   to render it impervious to water.
   Puddle poet, a low or worthless poet. [R.] Fuller.

                                    Puddle

   Pud"dle,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Puddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puddling
   (?).]

   1.  To  make  foul  or  muddy;  to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with
   (water).

     Some unhatched practice . . . Hath puddled his clear spirit. Shak.

   2.  (a)  To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet,
   so as to render impervious to water. (b) To make impervious to liquids
   by means of puddle; to apply puddle to.

   3. To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert it
   from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron. Ure.
   Puddled steel, steel made directly from cast iron by a modification of
   the puddling process.

                                    Puddle

   Pud"dle, v. i. To make a dirty stir. [Obs.] R. Junius.

                                  Puddle-ball

   Pud"dle-ball` (?), n. The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the
   puddling furnace to be hammered or rolled.

                                  Puddle-bar

   Pud"dle-bar"  (?),  n.  An  iron  bar  made  at  a  single heat from a
   puddle-ball hammering and rolling.

                                    Puddler

   Pud"dler  (?),  n. One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the
   process of puddling.

                                   Puddling

   Pud"dling (?), n.

   1. (Hydraul. Engin.) (a) The process of working clay, loam, pulverized
   ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or impervious to liquids;
   also, the process of rendering anything impervious to liquids by means
   of puddled material. (b) Puddle. See Puddle, n., 2.

   2.  (Metal.)  The  art or process of converting cast iron into wrought
   iron  or  steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring
   in a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by
   which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.
   Puddling  furnace,  a  reverberatory  furnace  in  which  cast iron is
   converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling.

                                    Puddly

   Pud"dly  (?),  a.  Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul.
   "Thick puddly water." Carew.

                                    Puddock

   Pud"dock (?), n. [For paddock, or parrock, a park.] A small inclosure.
   [Written also purrock.] [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Pudency

   Pu"den*cy  (?),  n.  [L.  pudens,  p.  pr.  of  pudere to be ashamed.]
   Modesty; shamefacedness. "A pudency so rosy." Shak.

                                    Pudenda

   Pu*den"da (?), n. pl. [L., from pudendus that of which one ought to be
   ashamed,  fr.  pudere  to  be ashamed.] (Anat.) The external organs of
   generation.

                                   Pudendal

   Pu*den"dal  (?),  a.  (Anat.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the pudenda, or
   pudendum.

                                   Pudendum

   Pu*den"dum  (?),  n. [NL. See Pudenda.] (Anat.) The external organs of
   generation, especially of the female; the vulva.
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   Page 1160

                                     Pudgy

   Pudg"y  (?),  a.  Short  and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short,
   pudgy little man; a pudgy little hand. Thackeray.

                                     Pudic

   Pu"dic  (?),  a.  [L.pudicus  modest, fr. pudere to be ashamed: cf. F.
   pudique.]   (Anat.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  external  organs  of
   generation.

                                    Pudical

   Pu"dic*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pudic.

                                   Pudicity

   Pu*dic"i*ty  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  pudicit\'82,  L. pudicitia.] Modesty;
   chastity. Howell.

                                     Pudu

   Pu"du  (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very small deer (Pudua humilis), native of
   the  Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three
   inches long.

                                      Pue

   Pue  (?) v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puing.] To make
   a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds. Halliwell.

                                    Pueblo

   Pueb"lo  (?),  n.  [Sp.,  a village, L. populus people. See People.] A
   communistic  building  erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and
   New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is
   usually  built  either  of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to
   any  Indian  village in the same region. Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any
   tribe  or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo
   tribes are the Moqui, the Zu\'a4i, the Keran, and the Tewan.

                                   Puefellow

   Pue"fel`low (?), n. A pewfellow. [Obs.]

                                     Puer

   Pu"er  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  The  dung  of dogs, used as an
   alkaline steep in tanning. Simmonds.

                                    Puerco

   Pu*er"co  (?),  n.  [Sp.]  A hog. Puerco beds (Geol.), a name given to
   certain strata belonging to the earliest Eocene. They are developed in
   Northwestern  New  Mexico, along the Rio Puerco, and are characterized
   by their mammalian remains.
   
                                    Puerile
                                       
   Pu"er*ile  (?),  a.  [L.  puerilis,  fr.  puer  a child, a boy: cf. F.
   pu\'82ril.] Boyish; childish; trifling; silly. 

     The  French  have  been  notorious  through  generations  for their
     puerile   affectation   of   Roman   forms,  models,  and  historic
     precedents. De Quincey.

   Syn.  --  Youthful;  boyish;  juvenile;  childish; trifling; weak. See
   Youthful.

                                   Puerilely

   Pu"er*ile*ly, adv. In a puerile manner; childishly.

                                  Puerileness

   Pu"er*ile*ness, n. The quality of being puerile; puerility.

                                   Puerility

   Pu`er*il"i*ty  (?),  n.;  pl.  Puerilities (#). [L. puerilitas: cf. F.
   pu\'82rilit\'82.]

   1.  The  quality  of  being puerile; childishness; puerileness. Sir T.
   Browne.

   2.  That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which
   is flat, insipid, or silly.

                                   Puerperal

   Pu*er"per*al  (?),  a.  [L.  puerpera  a  lying-in woman; puer child +
   parere  to bear: cf. F. puerp\'82ral.] Of or pertaining to childbirth;
   as, a puerperal fever.

                                  Puerperous

   Pu*er"per*ous (?), a. Bearing children. [R.]

                                     Puet

   Pu"et (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pewit.

                                     Puff

   Puff  (?),  n.  [Akin  to  G.  & Sw. puff a blow, Dan. puf, D. pof; of
   imitative origin. Cf. Buffet.]

   1.  A  sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any
   sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff. " To every puff
   of wind a slave." Flatman.

   2.  Anything  light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball.
   (b)  kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the
   skin or hair with powder.

   3.  An  exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a
   public journal.
   Puff adder. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho
   and  allied  genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power
   of  greatly  distending  their  bodies when irritated. The common puff
   adder  (Vipera,  OR Clotho, arietans) is the largest species, becoming
   over  four  feet  long.  The  plumed  puff  adder  (C.  cornuta) has a
   plumelike appendage over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake
   (Heterodon  platyrrhinos)  which has the power of puffing up its body.
   Called  also  hog-nose  snake,  flathead, spreading adder, and blowing
   adder.  Puff  bird  (Zo\'94l.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family
   Bucconid\'91.  They  are  small  birds,  usually with dull-colored and
   loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b).

                                     Puff

   Puff,  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puffing.] [Akin
   to  G.  puffen to pop, buffet, puff, D. poffen to pop, puffen to blow,
   Sw. puffa to push, to cuff, Dan. puffe to pop, thump. See Puff, n.]

   1. To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.

   2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at.

     It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation. South.

   3.  To  breathe  quick  and  hard,  or  with  puffs,  as after violent
   exertion.

     The  ass  comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase. L'
     Estrange.

   4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle.

   5.  To  breathe  in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to
   assume importance.

     Then came brave Glory puffing by. Herbert.

                                     Puff

   Puff, v. t.

   1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs.

     The clearing north will puff the clouds away. Dryden.

   2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.

     I puff the prostitute away. Dryden.

   3.  To  cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; --
   often with up; as a bladder puffed with air.

     The sea puffed up with winds. Shak.

   4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self-esteem, or the like; -- often
   with up.

     Puffed up with military success. Jowett (Thucyd. )

   5.  To  praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention
   to  by  praises;  to  praise  unduly.  " Puffed with wonderful skill."
   Macaulay.

                                     Puff

   Puff, a. Puffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.

                                   Puffball

   Puff"ball`  (?),  n.  (Bot.)  A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon
   giganteum,  and  other  species  of  the  same genus) full of dustlike
   spores  when  ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff,
   and puffin.

                                    Puffer

   Puff"er (?), n.

   1.   One  who  puffs;  one  who  praises  with  noisy  or  extravagant
   commendation.

   2. One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction
   to bid up the price; a by-bidder. Bouvier.

   3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the
   species  of  Tetrodon  and  Diodon;  -- called also blower, puff-fish,
   swellfish,  and  globefish.<-- (of the Tetraodontidae) They are highly
   poisonous  due  to  the  presence of glands containing a potent toxin,
   tetrodotoxin.  Nevertheless  they  are  eaten  as a delicacy in Japan,
   being  prepared  by  specially  licensed  chefs  who remove the poison
   glands. --> (b) The common, or harbor, porpoise.

   4. (Dyeing) A kier.

                                    Puffery

   Puff"er*y  (?),  n.  The  act  of  puffing;  bestowment of extravagant
   commendation.

                                    Puffin

   Puf"fin (?), n. [Akin to puff.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  An  arctic  sea bird Fratercula arctica) allied to the
   auks,  and  having  a  short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; --
   called  also  bottle nose, cockandy, coulterneb, marrot, mormon, pope,
   and sea parrot.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e name is also applied to other related species, as
     the  horned  puffin  (F.  corniculata),  the  tufted  puffin (Lunda
     cirrhata), and the razorbill.

   Manx puffin, the Manx shearwater. See under Manx.

   2. (Bot.) The puffball.

   3. A sort of apple. [Obs.] Rider's Dict. (1640).

                                   Puffiness

   Puff"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puffy.

                                    Puffing

   Puff"ing, a. & n. from Puff, v. i. & t. Puffing adder. (Zo\'94l.) Same
   as  Puff  adder (b), under Puff. -- Puffing pig (Zo\'94l.), the common
   porpoise.

                                   Puffingly

   Puff"ing*ly,  adv.  In  a  puffing  manner; with vehement breathing or
   shortness of breath; with exaggerated praise.

                                   Puff-leg

   Puff"-leg` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of beautiful
   humming  birds  of  the  genus  Eriocnemis having large tufts of downy
   feathers on the legs.

                                  Puff-legged

   Puff"-legged` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers
   on the legs.

                                     Puffy

   Puff"y (?), a.

   1.  Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance;
   bloated;  fleshy;  as,  a  puffy  tumor.  "  A very stout, puffy man."
   Thackeray.

   2. Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a puffy style.

                                      Pug

   Pug  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Pugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pugging.]
   [Cf. G. pucken to thump. beat.]

   1. To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc.

   2.  To  fill  or  stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with
   mortar,  as  a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound.
   See Pugging, 2.

                                      Pug

   Pug, n.

   1. Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be plastic.

   2. A pug mill.
   Pug  mill,  a  kind  of  mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for
   brickmaking  or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of
   an  upright  shaft  armed  with  projecting knives, which is caused to
   revolve  in  a  hollow  cylinder,  tub,  or  vat, in which the clay is
   placed.

                                      Pug

   Pug, n. [Corrupted fr. puck. See Puck.]

   1. An elf, or a hobgoblin; also same as Puck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

   2. A name for a monkey. [Colloq.] Addison.

   3. A name for a fox. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

   4. An intimate; a crony; a dear one. [Obs.] Lyly.

   5. pl. Chaff; the refuse of grain. [Obs.] Holland.

   6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

   7. (Zo\'94l.) One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and
   head; a pug dog.

   8. (Zo\'94l.) Any geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia.

                                   Pug-faced

   Pug"-faced`   (?),   a.  Having  a  face  like  a  monkey  or  a  pug;
   monkey-faced.

                                    Pugger

   Pug"ger (?), v. t. To pucker. [Obs.]

                                   Puggered

   Pug"gered (?), a. Puckered. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

                                    Pugging

   Pug"ging (?), n. [See Pug, v. t.]

   1. The act or process of working and tempering clay to make it plastic
   and of uniform consistency, as for bricks, for pottery, etc.

   2.  (Arch.)  Mortar  or  the  like,  laid between the joists under the
   boards  of  a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the
   United States usually called deafening.

                                    Pugging

   Pug"ging, a. Thieving. [Obs.] Shak.

                                     Pugh

   Pugh (?), interj. Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain.

                                     Pugil

   Pu"gil  (?),  n. [L. pugillus, pugillum, a handful, akin to pugnus the
   fist.] As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers.
   [Obs.] Bacon.

                                   Pugilism

   Pu"gil*ism  (?),  n.  [L.  pugil a pugilist, boxer, akin to pugnus the
   fist.  Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] The practice of boxing, or fighting with
   the fist.

                                   Pugilist

   Pu"gil*ist,  n.  [L.  pugil.]  One  who fights with his fists; esp., a
   professional prize fighter; a boxer.

                                  Pugilistic

   Pu`gil*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pugillism.

                                  Pugnacious

   Pug*na"cious  (?),  a.  [L.  pugnax,  -acis, fr. pugnare to fight. Cf.
   Pugilism, Fist.] Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome;
   fighting. --Pug*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Pug*na"cious*ness, n.

                                   Pugnacity

   Pug*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. pugnacitas: cf. F. pugnacit\'82.] Inclination
   or  readiness  to  fight;  quarrelsomeness.  " A national pugnacity of
   character." Motley.

                                   Pug nose

   Pug"  nose`  (?). A short, thick nose; a snubnose. -- Pug"-nosed` (#),
   a.  Pug-nose  eel  (Zo\'94l.),  a  deep-water  marine eel (Simenchelys
   parasiticus) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of the halibut.

                                      Puh

   Puh (?), interj. The same as Pugh.

                                    Puisne

   Puis"ne (p&umac;"n&ycr;), a. [See Puny.]

   1.  Later  in  age,  time, etc.; subsequent. [Obs.] " A puisne date to
   eternity." Sir M. Hale.

   2. Puny; petty; unskilled. [Obs.]

   3.  (Law)  Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; as, a chief
   justice  and  three  puisne justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the
   puisne barons of the Court of Exchequer. Blackstone.

                                    Puisne

   Puis"ne, n. One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a
   judge of inferior rank.

     It were not a work for puisnes and novices. Bp. Hall.

                                    Puisny

   Puis"ny (?), a. Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled. [R.]

     A puisny tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side. Shak.

                                   Puissance

   Pu"is*sance,  n.  [F.,  fr.puissant.  See  Puissant,  and cf. Potency,
   Potance, Potence.] Power; strength; might; force; potency. " Youths of
   puissance." Tennyson.

     The power and puissance of the king. Shak.

     NOTE: &hand; In  Sp enser, Sh akespeare, an d Milton, puissance and
     puissant are usually dissyllables.

                                   Puissant

   Pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. posse to be
   able:  cf.  L. potens powerful. See Potent.] Powerful; strong; mighty;
   forcible; as, a puissant prince or empire. " Puissant deeds." Milton.

     Of puissant nations which the world possessed. Spenser.

     And  worldlings  in  it  are less merciful, And more puissant. Mrs.
     Browning.

                                  Puissantly

   Pu"is*sant*ly,  adv.  In  a  puissant  manner;  powerfully; with great
   strength.

                                 Puissantness

   Pu"is*sant*ness, n. The state or quality of being puissant; puissance;
   power.

                                     Puit

   Puit  (?), n. [F. puits, from L. puteus well.] A well; a small stream;
   a fountain; a spring. [Obs.]

     The puits flowing from the fountain of life. Jer. Taylor.

                                     Puke

   Puke (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puking.] [Cf.
   G.  spucken  to  spit,  and  E.  spew.]  To  eject the contests of the
   stomach; to vomit; to spew.

     The infant Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. Shak.

                                     Puke

   Puke, v. t. To eject from the stomach; to vomit up.

                                     Puke

   Puke, n. A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.

                                     Puke

   Puke,  a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Of a color supposed to be between black
   and russet. Shak.

     NOTE: &hand; Th is color has by some been regarded as the same with
     puce; but Nares questions the identity.

                                     Puker

   Puk"er (?), n.

   1. One who pukes, vomits.

   2. That which causes vomiting. Garth .

                                     Pulas

   Pu"las   (?),   n.  [Skr.  pal\'be&cced;a.]  (Bot.)  The  East  Indian
   leguminous  tree  Butea  frondosa.  See Gum Butea, under Gum. [Written
   also pales and palasa.]

                                  Pulchritude

   Pul"chri*tude (?), n. [L. pulchritudo, fr. pulcher beautiful.]

   1.   That  quality  of  appearance  which  pleases  the  eye;  beauty;
   comeliness; grace; loveliness.

     Piercing our heartes with thy pulchritude. Court of Love.

   2. Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty.

     By  the  pulchritude  of their souls make up what is wanting in the
     beauty of their bodies. Ray.

                                     Pule

   Pule  (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puling.] [F.
   piauler;  cf. L. pipilare, pipire, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. peep to
   chirp.]

   1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon.

   2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child.

     It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule. Barrow.

                                     Puler

   Pul"er  (?),  n.  One  who  pules; one who whines or complains; a weak
   person.

                                     Pulex

   Pu"lex  (?),  n. [L., a flea.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of parasitic insects
   including the fleas. See Flea.

                                   Pulicene

   Pu"li*cene (?), a. [From L. pulex, pulicis, a flea.] Pertaining to, or
   abounding in, fleas; pulicose.

                              Pulicose, Pulicous

   Pu"li*cose`  (?),  Pu"li*cous  (?),  a.  [L.  pulicosus, from pulex, a
   flea.] Abounding with fleas.

                                    Puling

   Pul"ing (?), n. A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering.

     Leave this faint puling and lament as I do. Shak.

                                    Puling

   Pul"ing, a. Whimpering; whining; childish.

                                   Pulingly

   Pul"ing*ly, adv. With whining or complaint.

                                    Pulkha

   Pulk"ha (?), n. A Laplander's traveling sledge. See Sledge.

                                     Pull

   Pull  (?),  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Pulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulling.]
   [AS. pullian; cf. LG. pulen, and Gael. peall, piol, spiol.]

   1. To draw, or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly.

     Ne'er pull your hat upon your brows. Shak.

     He put forth his hand . . . and pulled her in. Gen. viii. 9.

   2. To draw apart; to tear; to rend.

     He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he hath made
     me desolate. Lam. iii. 11.

   3. To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to
   pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.

   4.  To  move  or  operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to
   pull a bell; to pull an oar.

   5.  (Horse  Racing) To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the
   favorite was pulled.

   6. (Print.) To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses
   being worked by pulling a lever.

   7.  (Cricket) To strike the ball in a particular manner. See Pull, n.,
   8.

     Never pull a straight fast ball to leg. R. H. Lyttelton.

   To  pull  and  haul,  to  draw  hither and thither. " Both are equally
   pulled  and hauled to do that which they are unable to do. " South. --
   To  pull down, to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, to pull down a
   house.  " In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to
   pull  down  than  build up." Howell. " To raise the wretched, and pull
   down  the proud." Roscommon. To pull a finch. See under Finch. To pull
   off,  take  or  draw  off.<--  (b)  to  perform  (something illegal or
   unethical);  as,  to  pull  off  a heist [robbery]. (c) to accomplish,
   against the odds.-->
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1161

                                     Pull

   Pull  (?), v. i. To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or
   hauling;  to  tug;  as,  to  pull  at a rope. To pull apart, to become
   separated  by  pulling;  as, a rope will pull apart. -- To pull up, to
   draw   the  reins;  to  stop;  to  halt.  To  pull  through,  to  come
   successfully  to  the  end  of  a  difficult  undertaking, a dangerous
   sickness, or the like.

                                     Pull

   Pull, n.

   1.  The  act  of  pulling  or  drawing  with  force; an effort to move
   something by drawing toward one.

     I  awakened with a violent pull upon the ring which was fastened at
     the top of my box. Swift.

   2. A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull. Carew.

   3. A pluck; loss or violence suffered. [Poetic]

     Two pulls at once; His lady banished, and a limb lopped off. Shak.

   4.  A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a
   drawer pull; a bell pull.

   5. The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river. [Colloq.]

   6.  The  act  of drinking; as, to take a pull at the beer, or the mug.
   [Slang] Dickens.

   7.  Something  in  one's  favor  in  a  comparison  or  a  contest; an
   advantage;  means  of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the
   pull. [Slang]

   8.  (Cricket)  A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off
   side, or an off ball to the side.

     The  pull  is  not  a  legitimate  stroke,  but  bad cricket. R. A.
     Proctor.

                                    Pullail

   Pul"lail (?), n. [F. poulaille.] Poultry. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

                                   Pullback

   Pull"back` (?), n.

   1.  That  which  holds  back,  or  causes  to  recede;  a  drawback; a
   hindrance.

   2.  (Arch)  The  iron  hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to
   hold it party open at a fixed point.

                                    Pulled

   Pulled (?) a. Plucked; pilled; moulting. " A pulled hen." Chaucer.

                                    Pullen

   Pul"len  (?),  n.  [Cf.  L.  pullinus  belonging to young animals. See
   Pullet.] Poultry. [Obs.]

                                    Puller

   Pull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pulls.

     Proud setter up and puller down of kings. Shak.

                                    Pullet

   Pul"let  (?), n. [OE. polete, OF. polete, F. poulette, dim. of poule a
   hen,  fr.  L.  pullus  a young animal, a young fowl. See Foal, and cf.
   Poult,  Poultry,  Pool  stake.] A young hen, or female of the domestic
   fowl. Pullet sperm, the treadle of an egg. [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Pulley

   Pul"ley  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pulleys  (#). [F. poulie, perhaps of Teutonic
   origin  (cf.  Poll,  b.  t.); but cf. OE. poleine, polive, pulley, LL.
   polanus, and F. poulain, properly, a colt, fr. L. pullus young animal,
   foal  (cf. Pullet, Foal). For the change of sense, cf. F. poutre beam,
   originally,  a filly, and E. easel.] (Mach.) A wheel with a broad rim,
   or  grooved  rim,  for transmitting power from, or imparting power to,
   the  different  parts  of  machinery, or for changing the direction of
   motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain.

     NOTE: &hand; The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists,
     in  its simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning
     within  a  movable  frame  or  block,  by  means  of a cord or rope
     attached at one end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free
     end  of  the  rope,  is thus doubled, but can move the load through
     only  half  the  space  traversed by itself. The rope may also pass
     over  a  sheave in another block that is fixed. The end of the rope
     may  be  fastened  to  the movable block, instead of a fixed point,
     with  an  additional  gain  of  power,  and using either one or two
     sheaves  in  the  fixed  block. Other sheaves may be added, and the
     power  multiplied  accordingly.  Such  an  apparatus  is  called by
     workmen  a  block  and  tackle,  or a fall and tackle. See Block. A
     single  fixed  pulley gives no increase of power, but serves simply
     for changing the direction of motion.

   Band  pulley,  OR  Belt  pulley,  a  pulley  with  a  broad  face  for
   transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for
   guiding  a  belt.  -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley. -- Conical pulley,
   one  of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone,
   for  varying velocities. -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon
   a  shaft. -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the
   transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys, under
   Fast. Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, which
   can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal from,
   a  shaft.  --  Pulley  block.  Same  as  Block,  n. 6. -- Pulley stile
   (Arch.),  the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed
   and along which the sash slides. Split pulley, a parting pulley.

                                    Pulley

   Pul"ley, b. t. To raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell.

                                   Pullicate

   Pul"li*cate (?), n. A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief.

                                  Pullman car

   Pull"man  car`  (?). [Named after Mr. Pullman, who introduced them.] A
   kind  of  sleeping  car;  also,  a  palace  car; -- often shortened to
   Pullman.

                                   Pullulate

   Pul"lu*late  (?)  v.  i. [L. pullulatus, p. p. of pullulare to sprout,
   from  pullulus  a young animal, a sprout, dim. of pullus. See pullet.]
   To germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly. Warburton.

                                  Pullulation

   Pul`lu*la"tion  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  pullulation.]  A  germinating,  or
   budding. Dr. H. More.

                                    Pullus

   Pul"lus  (?), n.; pl. Pulli (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) A chick; a young bird
   in the downy stage.

                Pulmobranchiata, n. pl. [NL.], Pulmobranchiate

   Pul`mo*bran`chi*a"ta  (?),  n. pl. [NL.], Pul`mo*bran"chi*ate. (, a. &
   n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pulmonibranchiata, -ate.

                                Pulmocutaneous

   Pul`mo*cu*ta"ne*ous  (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + E. cutaneous.] (Anat.)
   Of  or  pertaining  to  the lungs and the akin; as, the pulmocutaneous
   arteries of the frog.

                               Pulmogasteropoda

   Pul`mo*gas`te*rop"o*da  (?), n. pl. [NL. & E. Gasteropoda.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Same as Pulmonata.

                                  Pulmograde

   Pul"mo*grade  (?),  a.  [L.  pulmo a lung + gradi to walk.] (Zo\'94l.)
   Swimming  by  the  expansion and contraction, or lunglike movement, of
   the body, or of the disk, as do the medus\'91.

                                  Pulmometer

   Pul*mom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [L.  pulmo  a  lung  +  -meter.] (Physiol.) A
   spirometer.

                                  Pulmonarian

   Pul"mo*na"ri*an  (?),  n.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  arachnid  that breathes by
   lunglike organs, as the spiders and scorpions. Also used adjectively.

                                   Pulmonary

   Pul"mo*na*ry  (?),  a.  [L. pulmonarius, from pulmo, -onis, a lung; of
   uncertain  origin,  perh.  named  from  its  lightness, and akin to E.
   float:  cf.  F.  pulmonaire.  Cf.  Pneumonia.] Of or pertaining to the
   lungs;  affecting  the lungs; pulmonic. Pulmonary artery. See the Note
   under Artery.

                                   Pulmonary

   Pul"mo*na*ry,  n.  [Cf.  F.  pulmonaire.  See  Pulmonary,  a. ] (Bot.)
   Lungwort. Ainsworth.

                                   Pulmonata

   Pul`mo*na"ta  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.,  from  L.  pulmo,  -onis,  a lung.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  An  extensive  division,  or  sub-class,  of hermaphrodite
   gastropods,   in   which   the  mantle  cavity  is  modified  into  an
   air-breathing  organ,  as  in  Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden
   slugs, and many pond snails, as Limn\'91a and Planorbis.

                                   Pulmonate

   Pul"mo*nate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having breathing organs that act as
   lungs. (b) Pertaining to the Pulmonata. -- n. One of the Pulmonata.

                                  Pulmonated

   Pul"mo*na`ted (?), a. same as Pulmonate (a).

                               Pulmonibranchiata

   Pul`mo*ni*bran`chi*a"ta  (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pulmo, -onis, a lung
   + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pulmonata.

                               Pulmonibranchiate

   Pul`mo*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pulmonate.

                                   Pulmonic

   Pul*mon"ic  (?),  a.  [L.  pulmo,  -onis,  a lung: cf. F. pulmonique.]
   Relating  to,  or  affecting  the  lungs;  pulmonary. -- n. A pulmonic
   medicine.

                                  Pulmonifera

   Pul`mo*nif"e*ra  (?),  n. pl. [NL. See Pulmoniferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
   as Pulmonata.

                                 Pulmoniferous

   Pul`mo*nif"er*ous  (?),  a.  [L.  pulmo,  -onis,  a  lung  + -ferous.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Having lungs; pulmonate.

                                     Pulp

   Pulp  (?),  n.  [L. pulpa flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. pulpe.] A
   moist,  slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal
   or  vegetable  matter.  Specifically:  (a)  (Anat.)  A  tissue or part
   resembling  pulp;  especially, the soft, highly vascular and sensitive
   tissue  which  fills  the  central  cavity, called the pulp cavity, of
   teeth. (b) (Bot.) The soft, succulent part of fruit; as, the pulp of a
   grape.  (c)  The  exterior part of a coffee berry. B. Edwards. (d) The
   material of which paper is made when ground up and suspended in water.

                                     Pulp

   Pulp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulping.]

   1. To reduce to pulp.

   2. To deprive of the pulp, or integument.

     The  other  mode is to pulp the coffee immediately as it comes from
     the tree. By a simple machine a man will pulp a bushel in a minute.
     B. Edwards.

                                   Pulpatoon

   Pul`pa*toon"  (?),  n.  [F.  poulpeton, poupeton, a sort of ragout.] A
   kind  of delicate confectionery or cake, perhaps made from the pulp of
   fruit. [Obs.] Nares.

                                   Pulpiness

   Pulp"i*ness (?), n. the quality or state of being pulpy.

                                    Pulpit

   Pul"pit (?), n. [L. pulpitum: cf. OF. pulpite, F. pulpitre.]

   1.  An  elevated  place,  or inclosed stage, in a church, in which the
   clergyman stands while preaching.

     I stand like a clerk in my pulpit. Chaucer.

   2.  The  whole  body  of  the  clergy;  preachers  as  a  class; also,
   preaching.

     I  say  the  pulpit  (in  the sober use Of its legitimate, peculiar
     powers)  Must  stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand, The
     most  important  and  effectual  guard,  Support,  and  ornament of
     virtue's cause. Cowper.

   3. A desk, or platform, for an orator or public speaker. <-- 4. (Fig.)
   An office or condition of public prominence in which a person can gain
   wide  public attention, thereby permitting him to exhort the public on
   moral or political matters. "The presidency is a bully pulpit." -->

                                    Pulpit

   Pul"pit, a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit, or preaching; as, a pulpit
   orator; pulpit eloquence.

                                   Pulpited

   Pul"pit*ed (?), a. Placed in a pulpit. [R.]

     Sit . . . at the feet of a pulpited divine. Milton.

                                   Pulpiteer

   Pul*pit*eer"  (?),  n.  One  who speaks in a pulpit; a preacher; -- so
   called in contempt. Howell.

     We  never  can think it sinful that Burns should have been humorous
     on such a pulpiteer. Prof. Wilson.

                                   Pulpiter

   Pul"pit*er (?), n. A preacher. [Obs.]

                                  Pulpitical

   Pul*pit"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to the pulpit; suited to the
   pulpit. [R.] -- Pul*pit"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Chesterfield.

                                   Pulpitish

   Pul"pit*ish  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to the pulpit; like preaching.
   Chalmers.

                                   Pulpitry

   Pul"pit*ry  (?), n. The teaching of the pulpit; preaching. [R. & Obs.]
   " Mere pulpitry." Milton.

                                    Pulpous

   Pulp"ous  (?),  a. [L. pulposus: cf. F. pulpeux. See Pulp.] Containing
   pulp; pulpy. " Pulpous fruit." J. Philips. -- Pulp"ous*ness, n.

                                     Pulpy

   Pulp"y (?), n. Like pulp; consisting of pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent;
   as,  the  pulpy covering of a nut; the pulpy substance of a peach or a
   cherry.

                                    Pulque

   Pul"que (?), n. [Sp.] An intoxicating Mexican drink. See Agave.

                                    Pulsate

   Pul"sate  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Pulsated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pulsating.] [L. pulsatus, p. p. of pulsare to beat, strike, v. intens.
   fr.  pellere  to  beat,  strike,  drive.  See Pulse a beating, and cf.
   Pulse, v.] To throb, as a pulse; to beat, as the heart.

     The heart of a viper or frog will continue to pulsate long after it
     is taken from the body. E. Darwin.

                                   Pulsatile

   Pul"sa*tile (?), a. [Cf. It. pulsatile, Sp. pulsatil.]

   1.  Capable  of  being  struck  or  beaten;  played  by  beating or by
   percussion; as, a tambourine is a pulsatile musical instrument.

   2. Pulsating; throbbing, as a tumor.

                                  Pulsatilla

   Pul`sa*til"la  (?),  n.  [NL.]  (Bot.) A genus of ranunculaceous herbs
   including the pasque flower. This genus is now merged in Anemone. Some
   species, as Anemone Pulsatilla, Anemone pratensis, and Anemone patens,
   are used medicinally.

                                   Pulsation

   Pul*sa"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  pulsatio  a  beating  or  striking: cf. F.
   pulsation.]

   1. (Physiol.) A beating or throbbing, especially of the heart or of an
   artery, or in an inflamed part; a beat of the pulse.

   2. A single beat or throb of a series.

   3.  A  stroke  or  impulse by which some medium is affected, as in the
   propagation of sounds.

   4.  (Law)  Any  touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This
   constitutes battery.

     By   the  Cornelian  law,  pulsation  as  well  as  verberation  is
     prohibited. Blackstone.

                                   Pulsative

   Pul"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatif.] Beating; throbbing.

                                   Pulsator

   Pul*sa"tor (?), n. [L.]

   1. A beater; a striker.

   2. (Mech.) That which beats or throbs in working.

                                   Pulsatory

   Pul"sa*to*ry  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F.  pulsatoire.]  Capable  of pulsating;
   throbbing. Sir H. Wotton. .

                                     Pulse

   Pulse  (?), n. [OE. puls, L. puls, pultis, a thick pap or pottage made
   of meal, pulse, etc. See Poultice, and cf. Pousse.] Leguminous plants,
   or their seeds, as beans, pease, etc.

     If  all  the  world  Should, in a pet of temperance, feed on pulse.
     Milton.

                                     Pulse

   Pulse,  n. [OE. pous, OF. pous, F. pouls, fr. L. pulsus (sc. venarum),
   the  beating  of  the pulse, the pulse, from pellere, pulsum, to beat,
   strike; cf. Gr. Appeal, Compel, Impel, Push.]

   1.  (Physiol.) The beating or throbbing of the heart or blood vessels,
   especially of the arteries.

     NOTE: &hand; In  an  ar tery th e pulse is due to the expansion and
     contraction of the elastic walls of the artery by the action of the
     heart  upon  the  column  of  blood  in the arterial system. On the
     commencement of the diastole of the ventricle, the semilunar valves
     are  closed, and the aorta recoils by its elasticity so as to force
     part  of  its  contents into the vessels farther onwards. These, in
     turn,  as they already contain a certain quantity of blood, expand,
     recover  by  an  elastic  recoil,  and  transmit  the movement with
     diminished   intensity.  Thus  a  series  of  movements,  gradually
     diminishing  in  intensity, pass along the arterial system (see the
     Note  under  Heart). For the sake of convenience, the radial artery
     at the wrist is generally chosen to detect the precise character of
     the  pulse. The pulse rate varies with age, position, sex, stature,
     physical and psychical influences, etc.

   2.  Any  measured  or regular beat; any short, quick motion, regularly
   repeated,  as  of  a medium in the transmission of light, sound, etc.;
   oscillation; vibration; pulsation; impulse; beat; movement.

     The measured pulse of racing oars. Tennyson.

     When  the  ear  receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single
     pulse  of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous
     parts  vibrate  according  to the nature and species of the stroke.
     Burke.

   Pulse  glass,  an  instrument consisting to a glass tube with terminal
   bulbs,  and  containing  ether  or alcohol, which the heat of the hand
   causes  to  boil; -- so called from the pulsating motion of the liquid
   when  thus  warmed.  Pulse  wave  (Physiol.),  the  wave  of increased
   pressure  started  by  the  ventricular  systole,  radiating  from the
   semilunar  valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing
   in the smaller branches.

     the  pulse  wave  travels  over  the arterial system at the rate of
     about 29.5 feet in a second. H. N. Martin.

   -- To feel one's pulse. (a) To ascertain, by the sense of feeling, the
   condition of the arterial pulse. (b) Hence, to sound one's opinion; to
   try to discover one's mind.<-- = to take the pulse of -->

                                     Pulse

   Pulse,  v. i. To beat, as the arteries; to move in pulses or beats; to
   pulsate; to throb. Ray.

                                     Pulse

   Pulse,  v. t. [See Pulsate, Pulse a beating.] To drive by a pulsation;
   to cause to pulsate. [R.]

                                   Pulseless

   Pulse"less, a. Having no pulsation; lifeless.

                                 Pulselessness

   Pulse"less*ness, n. The state of being pulseless.

                                   Pulsific

   Pul*sif"ic  (?),  a.  [Pulse + L. facere to make.] Exciting the pulse;
   causing pulsation.

                                  Pulsimeter

   Pul*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.] (Physiol.) A sphygmograph.

                                    Pulsion

   Pul"sion  (?),  n.  [L.  pulsio, fr. pellere, pulsum, to drive: cf. F.
   pulsion.]  The  act  of  driving  forward;  propulsion;  -- opposed to
   suction or traction. [R.]
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                                    Pulsive

   Pul"sive  (?),  a.  Tending  to  compel; compulsory. [R.] "The pulsive
   strain of conscience." Marston.

                                  Pulsometer

   Pul*som"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.]

   1.  A  device,  with  valves,  for  raising  water by steam, partly by
   atmospheric  pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on
   the water, without the intervention of a piston; -- also called vacuum
   pump.<--   sounds   like   a   steam  aspirator,  perhaps  with  other
   attachments.   No  figure.  "vacuum  pump"  is  usu.  reserved  for  a
   mechanical  device  to  create  a  vacuum,  nothing to do with raising
   water. -->

   2. A pulsimeter.

                                     Pult

   Pult (?), v. t. To put. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

                                  Pultaceous

   Pul*ta"ceous  (?),  a.  [Cf. F. pultac\'82. See 1st Pulse.] Macerated;
   softened; nearly fluid.

                               Pultesse, Pultise

   Pul"tesse (?), Pul"tise (?), n. Poultry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                     Pulu

   Pu"lu  (?),  n.  A  vegetable  substance  consisting of soft, elastic,
   yellowish brown chaff, gathered in the Hawaiian Islands from the young
   fronds  of  free ferns of the genus Cibotium, chiefly C. Menziesii; --
   used for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc., and as an absorbent.

                                  Purverable

   Pur"ver*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being reduced to fine powder. Boyle.

                                 Pulveraceous

   Pul`ver*a"ceous  (?),  a.  (Bot.)  Having  a  finely powdered surface;
   pulverulent.

                                   Pulverate

   Pul"ver*ate  (?),  v.  t.  [L.  pulveratus,  p.  p.  of  pulverare  to
   pulverize.  See  Pulverize.]  To  beat or reduce to powder or dust; to
   pulverize. [R.]

                                   Pulverine

   Pul"ver*ine  (?),  n.  [L.  pulvis,  pulveris,  dust,  powder;  cf. F.
   pulv\'82rin.] Ashes of barilla. Ure.

                                 Pulverizable

   Pul"ver*i`za*ble  (?),  a.  Admitting of being pulverized; pulverable.
   Barton.

                                 Pulverization

   Pul`ver*i*za"tion  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F. pulv\'82risation.] The action of
   reducing to dust or powder.

                                   Pulverize

   Pul"ver*ize  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulverized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pulverizing  (?).] [F. pulv\'82riser, L. pulverizare, fr. pulvis dust,
   powder.  See Powder.] To reduce of fine powder or dust, as by beating,
   grinding,  or  the  like;  as, friable substances may be pulverized by
   grinding  or  beating, but to pulverize malleable bodies other methods
   must be pursued.

                                   Pulverize

   Pul"ver*ize,  v.  i. To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust; as,
   the stone pulverizes easily.

                                  Pulverizer

   Pul"ver*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, pulverizes.

                                   Pulverous

   Pul"ver*ous  (?),  a.  [Cf. L. pulvereus, from pulvis, pulveris, dust,
   powder.] Consisting of dust or powder; like powder.

                                 Pulverulence

   Pul*ver"u*lence  (?),  n. The state of being pulverulent; abundance of
   dust or powder; dustiness.

                                  Pulverulent

   Pul*ver"u*lent  (?), a. [L. pulverulentus, fr. pulvis, pulveris, dust,
   powder:  cf.  F. pulv\'82rulent.] Consisting of, or reducible to, fine
   powder; covered with dust or powder; powdery; dusty.

                                    Pulvil

   Pul"vil (?), n. [It. polviglio, fr. L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder:
   cf.  Sp.  polvillo.]  A sweet-scented powder; pulvillio. [Written also
   pulville.] [Obs.] Gay.

                                    Pulvil

   Pul"vil, v. t. To apply pulvil to. [Obs.] Congreve.

                              Pulvillio, Pulvillo

   Pul*vil"li*o  (?),  Pul*vil"lo (?), n. [See Pulvil.] A kind of perfume
   in the form of a powder, formerly much used, -- often in little bags.

     Smells of incense, ambergris, and pulvillios. Addison.

                                   Pulvillus

   Pul*vil"lus  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pulvilli  (#).  [L.,  a  little cushion.]
   (Zo\'94l.) One of the minute cushions on the feet of certain insects.

                                   Pulvinar

   Pul*vi"nar  (?),  n.  [L.,  a  cushion.]  (Anat.)  A prominence on the
   posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain.

                             Pulvinate, Pulvinated

   Pul"vi*nate  (?), Pul"vi*na`ted (?), a. [L. pulvinatus, fr. pulvinus a
   cushion, an elevation.]

   1. (Arch.) Curved convexly or swelled; as, a pulvinated frieze. Brande
   & C.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the form of a cushion.

                                   Pulvinic

   Pul*vin"ic  (?),  a. [From Vulpinic, by transposition of the letters.]
   (Chem.)  Pertaining  to,  or  designating,  an  acid  obtained  by the
   decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance.

                                  Pulvinulus

   Pul*vin"u*lus  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pulvinuli  (#).  [L.,  a little mound.]
   (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pulvillus.

                                     Puma

   Pu"ma  (?),  n.  [Peruv.  puma.] (Zo\'94l.) A large American carnivore
   (Felis concolor), found from Canada to Patagonia, especially among the
   mountains.  Its  color  is tawny, or brownish yellow, without spots or
   stripes.  Called also catamount, cougar, American lion, mountain lion,
   and panther or painter.

                                     Pume

   Pume (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A stint.

                                   Pumicate

   Pu"mi*cate  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Pumicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pumicating.]  [L. pumicatus, p. p. of pumicare to pumicate, fr. pumex.
   See Pumice.] To make smooth with pumice. [R.]

                                    Pumice

   Pum"ice  (?), n. [L. pumex, pumicis, prob. akin to spuma foam: cf. AS.
   pumic-st\'ben. Cf. Pounce a powder, Spume.] (Min.) A very light porous
   volcanic  scoria,  usually  of  a  gray  color, the pores of which are
   capillary  and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed
   to  be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or
   plastic  lava.  It  is  much  used,  esp.  in  the form of powder, for
   smoothing and polishing. Called also pumice stone.

                                    Pumiced

   Pum"iced  (?),  a. (Far.) Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in
   which  there  is  a growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone
   and the hoof wall. The disease is called pumiced foot, or pumice foot.

                                   Pumiceous

   Pu*mi`ceous  (?),  a.  [L.  pumiceus.]  Of  or  pertaining  to pumice;
   resembling pumice.

                                 Pumice stone

   Pum"ice stone` (?). Same as Pumice.

                                  Pumiciform

   Pu*mic"i*form  (?),  a.  [Pumice  +  -form.] Resembling, or having the
   structure of, pumice.

                                    Pummace

   Pum"mace (?), n. Same as Pomace.

                                    Pummel

   Pum"mel (?), n. & v. t. Same as Pommel.

                                     Pump

   Pump  (p&ucr;mp),  n.  [Probably  so  called as being worn for pomp or
   ornament.  See  Pomp.]  A  low  shoe  with  a  thin sole.<-- MW10 says
   "close-fitting  shoe  with  moderate to high heel". Usage changed? -->
   Swift.

                                     Pump

   Pump,  n. [Akin to D. pomp, G. pumpe, F. pompe; of unknown origin.] An
   hydraulic  machine, variously constructed, for raising or transferring
   fluids,  consisting essentially of a moving piece or piston working in
   a  hollow  cylinder  or  other cavity, with valves properly placed for
   admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn or driven through them
   by  the  action of the piston. <-- this definition is for a mechanical
   pump.  A peristaltic pump would not fit this def. MW10: "a device that
   raises,  transfers,  or compresses fluids . . . by suction or pressure
   or both." -->

     NOTE: &hand; fo r various kinds of pumps, see Air pump, Chain pump,
     and Force pump; also, under Lifting, Plunger, Rotary, etc.

   Circulating  pump  (Steam  Engine),  a pump for driving the condensing
   water  through  the  casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser. -- Pump
   brake.  See  Pump handle, below. -- Pump dale. See Dale. -- Pump gear,
   the  apparatus belonging to a pump. Totten. -- Pump handle, the lever,
   worked  by  hand, by which motion is given to the bucket of a pump. --
   Pump  hood,  a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel of a
   chain  pump.  --  Pump  rod,  the rod to which the bucket of a pump is
   fastened,  and  which  is  attached to the brake or handle; the piston
   rod.  --  Pump  room,  a  place  or room at a mineral spring where the
   waters  are  drawn  and drunk. [Eng.] -- Pump spear. Same as Pump rod,
   above.  -- Pump stock, the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump.
   -- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well.<-- vacuum pump, a pump which creates a
   vacuum  by  removing  gas  (usually  air) from a container. Mechanical
   vacuum  pump,  a  vacuum  pump  operating by the motion of a piston or
   rotary   blade   in  a  chamber,  as  contrasted  with  an  aspirator.
   Persistaltic pump, a pump transferring fluids by peristaltic action on
   a  flexible tube. Such pumps are used where a gentle pumping action is
   desired,  or the transferred fluid may be harmed in a mechanical pump;
   as  in  the  infusion of fluids into blood vessels of the body, or the
   pumping of explosive or easily decomposed fluids. -->

                                     Pump

   Pump,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Pumped (p&ucr;mt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n.
   pumping.]

   1. To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid.

   2. To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a pump;
   as, they pumped the well dry; to pump a ship.

   3.  Figuratively,  to  draw  out  or  obtain,  as secrets or money, by
   persistent  questioning  or plying; to question or ply persistently in
   order to elicit something, as information, money, etc.

     But pump not me for politics. Otway.

                                     Pump

   Pump, v. i. To work, or raise water, a pump.

                                    Pumpage

   Pump"age  (?),  n.  That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by
   pumps.

     The pumpage last year amounted to . . . gallons. Sci. Amer.

                                    Pumper

   Pump"er  (?),  n.  One  who  pumps;  the instrument or machine used in
   pumping. Boyle.

                                 Pumpernickel

   Pump"er*nick`el  (?),  n.  [G.] A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye,
   which forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but
   nourishing.

                                    Pumpet

   Pum"pet  (?),  n.  A  pompet.  Pumpet ball (Print.), a ball for inking
   types; a pompet.

                                    Pumping

   Pump"ing,  a.  & n. from pump. Pumping engine, a steam engine and pump
   combined for raising water. See Steam engine.

                                    Pumpion

   Pump"ion (?), n. (Bot.) See Pumpkin.

                                    Pumpkin

   Pump"kin  (?),  n.  [For  older  pompion, pompon, OF. pompon, L. pepo,
   peponis,  Gr.  Cook, n.] (Bot.) A well-known trailing plant (Cucurbita
   pepo)  and  its  fruit,  --  used for cooking and for feeding stock; a
   pompion.  Pumpkin seed. (a) The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin. (b)
   (Zo\'94l.) The common pondfish.

                                     Pumy

   Pu"my  (?),  a. [Cf. Prov. E. pummer big, large, and E. pomey pommel.]
   Large and rounded. [Obs.]

     A  gentle  stream,  whose  murmuring wave did play Amongst the pumy
     stones. Spenser.

                                      Pun

   Pun (?), v. t. [See Pound to beat.] To pound. [Obs.]

     He would pun thee into shivers with his fist. Shak.

                                      Pun

   Pun,  n. [Cf. Pun to pound, Pound to beat.] A play on words which have
   the  same  sound  but  different  meanings; an expression in which two
   different  applications  of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a
   kind of quibble or equivocation. Addison.

     A better put on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it
     was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay. Walpole.

                                      Pun

   Pun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Punned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punning.] To make
   puns,  or  a pun; to use a word in a double sense, especially when the
   contrast  of  ideas  is  ludicrous;  to  play  upon words; to quibble.
   Dryden.

                                      Pun

   Pun, v. t. To persuade or affect by a pun. Addison.

                                     Punch

   Punch  (?),  n.  [Hind.  p\'bench  five, Skr. pacan. So called because
   composed  of  five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and
   lemon  juice.  See  Five.]  A  beverage  composed of wine or distilled
   liquor,  water (or milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or
   mint;  --  specifically  named  from  the  kind of spirit used; as rum
   punch,  claret  punch,  champagne  punch,  etc.<--  (b) a nonalcoholic
   beverage,  usually  composed  of  a  mixture  of fruit juices --> Milk
   punch,  a  sort of punch made with spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc. --
   Punch  bowl,  a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is
   served. -- Roman punch, a punch frozen and served as an ice.

                                     Punch

   Punch,  n.  [Abbrev,  fr.  punchinello.] The buffoon or harlequin of a
   puppet  show.  Punch and Judy, a puppet show in which a comical little
   hunchbacked  Punch, with a large nose, engages in altercation with his
   wife Judy.

                                     Punch

   Punch (?), n. [Prov. E. Cf. Punchy.]

   1. A short, fat fellow; anything short and thick.

     I  . . . did hear them call their fat child punch, which pleased me
     mightily,  that word being become a word of common use for all that
     is thick and short. Pepys.

   2.  One  of  a  breed  of large, heavy draught horses; as, the Suffolk
   punch.

                                     Punch

   Punch,  v. t. [OE. punchen, perhaps the same word as E. punish: or cf.
   E.  bunch.]  To thrust against; to poke; as, to punch one with the end
   of a stick or the elbow.

                                     Punch

   Punch, n. A thrust or blow. [Colloq.]

                                     Punch

   Punch, n. [Abbrev. fr. puncheon.]

   1. A tool, usually of steel, variously shaped at one end for different
   uses,  and  either  solid,  for  stamping  or for perforating holes in
   metallic  plates  and  other substances, or hollow and sharpedged, for
   cutting out blanks, as for buttons, steel pens, jewelry, and the like;
   a die.

   2.  (Pile  Driving) An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a
   dolly.

   3. A prop, as for the roof of a mine.
   Bell  punch.  See under Bell. -- Belt punch (Mach.), a punch, or punch
   pliers,  for making holes for lacings in the ends of driving belts. --
   Punch press. See Punching machine, under Punch, v. i. -- Punch pliers,
   pliers  having  a  tubular, sharp-edged steel punch attached to one of
   the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the like.

                                     Punch

   Punch,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Punched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punching.]
   [From  Punch,  n.,  a  tool;  cf. F. poin&cced;onner.] To perforate or
   stamp  with an instrument by pressure, or a blow; as, to punch a hole;
   to  punch  ticket. Punching machine, OR Punching press, a machine tool
   for  punching  holes  in metal or other material; -- called also punch
   press.

                                   Puncheon

   Punch"eon  (?), n. [F. poin&cced;on awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr.
   L.  punctio  a  pricking,  fr.  pungere to prick. See Pungent, and cf.
   Punch a tool, Punction.]

   1. A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.

   2.  (Carp.) A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post;
   an intermediate stud. Oxf. Gloss.

   3.  A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; as, a floor made
   of puncheons. [U.S.] Bartlett.

   4.  [F.  poin&cced;on,  perh. the same as poin&cced;on an awl.] A cask
   containing, sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons.

                                    Puncher

   Punch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, punches.

                                    Punchin

   Pun"chin (?), n. See Puncheon.

                                  Punchinello

   Pun`chi*nel"lo  (?), n. [It. pulcinella, probably originally a word of
   endearment,  dim.  of pulcina, pulcino, a chicken, from L. pullicenus,
   pullus. See Pullet.] A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show,
   a character represented as fat, short, and humpbacked. Spectator.

                                    Punchy

   Punch"y  (?),  a.  [Perhaps  for  paunchy, from paunch. See 3d Punch.]
   Short and thick, or fat.

                             Punctated, Punctated

   Punc"ta*ted (?), Punc"ta*ted (?), a. [From L. punctum point. See Point
   .]

   1. Pointed; ending in a point or points.

   2.  (Nat.  Hist.)  Dotted  with  small  spots of color, or with minute
   depressions or pits.

                                   Punctator

   Punc*ta"tor  (?),  n. One who marks with points. specifically, one who
   writes Hebrew with points; -- applied to a Masorite. E. Robinson.

                                  Puncticular

   Punc*tic"u*lar  (?), a. Comprised in, or like, a point; exact. [Obs. &
   R.] Sir T. Browne.

                                  Punctiform

   Punc"ti*form  (?), a. [L. punctum point + -form.] Having the form of a
   point.

                                   Punctilio

   Punc*til"io  (?),  n.;  pl.  Punctilios  (#).  [It.  puntiglio, or Sp.
   puntillo,  dim.  fr.  L. punctum point. See Point, n.] A nice point of
   exactness  in  conduct,  ceremony,  or  proceeding;  particularity  or
   exactness in forms; as, the punctilios of a public ceremony.

     They  will  not part with the least punctilio in their opinions and
     practices. Fuller

   .

                                  Punctillous

   Punc*til"lous (?), a. [Cf. It. puntiglioso, Sp. puntilloso.] Attentive
   to  punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of behavior, etiquette,
   or  mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the smallest particulars. "A
   punctilious  observance  of  divine  laws."  Rogers. "Very punctilious
   copies of any letters. The Nation.

     Punctilious  in  the  simple  and  intelligible instances of common
     life. I. Taylor.

   -- Punc*til"ious*ly, adv. -- Punc*til"ious*ness, n.

                                   Punction

   Punc"tion  (?), n. [L. punctio, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick: cf. F.
   ponction. Cf. Puncheon.] A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture.

                                   Punctist

   Punc"tist (?), n. A punctator. E. Henderson.

                                    Puncto

   Punc"to (?), n. [See Punto.]

   1. A nice point of form or ceremony. Bacon.

   2. A term applied to the point in fencing. Farrow.

                                   Punctual

   Punc"tu*al  (?),  a. [F. ponctuel (cf. Sp.puntual, It. puntuale), from
   L. punctum point. See Point.]

   1.  Consisting  in a point; limited to a point; unextended. [R.] "This
   punctual spot." Milton.

     The theory of the punctual existence of the soul. Krauth.

   2. Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise.

     Punctual to tediousness in all that he relates. Bp. Burnet.

     So much on punctual niceties they stand. C. Pitt.

   3.  Appearing  or  done  at,  or  adhering exactly to, a regular or an
   appointed  time;  precise;  prompt;  as,  a  punctual  man; a punctual
   payment. "The race of the undeviating and punctual sun." Cowper.

     These  sharp  strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady
     intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem
     like  the punctual stops counting off our very souls into the past.
     J. Martineau.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1163

                                  Punctualist

   Punc"tu*al*ist  (?),  n.  One who is very exact in observing forms and
   ceremonies. Milton.

                                  Punctuality

   Punc`tu*al"i*ty  (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctualit\'82.] The quality or state
   of  being  punctual;  especially,  adherence  to  the exact time of an
   engagement; exactness.

                                  Punctually

   Punc"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly.

                                 Punctualness

   Punc"tu*al*ness, n. Punctuality; exactness.

                                   Punctuate

   Punc"tu*ate  (?),  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Punctuating.] [Cf. F. ponctuer. See Punctual.] To mark with points; to
   separate  into sentences, clauses, etc., by points or stops which mark
   the proper pauses in expressing the meaning.

                                  Punctuation

   Punc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctuation.] (Gram.) The act or art of
   punctuating  or  pointing  a  writing or discourse; the art or mode of
   dividing  literary  composition  into  sentences,  and  members  of  a
   sentence, by means of points, so as to elucidate the author's meaning.

     NOTE: &hand; Pu nctuation, as  th e te rm is usually understood, is
     chiefly  performed with four points: the period [.], the colon [:],
     the  semicolon [;], and the comma [,]. Other points used in writing
     and  printing,  partly  rhetorical  and partly grammatical, are the
     note  of  interrogation  [?],  the  note  of  exclamation  [!], the
     parentheses  [()], the dash [--], and brackets []. It was not until
     the 16th century that an approach was made to the present system of
     punctuation  by the Manutii of Venice. With Caxton, oblique strokes
     took the place of commas and periods.

                                  Punctuative

   Punc"tu*a*tive (?), a. Of or belonging to points of division; relating
   to punctuation.

     The punctuative intonation of feeble cadence. Rush.

                                  Punctuator

   Punc"tu*a`tor (?), n. One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically,
   a punctator.

                                   Punctuist

   Punc"tu*ist, n. A punctator.

                            Punctulate, Punctulated

   Punc"tu*late  (?),  Punc"tu*la`ted  (?),  a.  [L.  punctulum,  dim. of
   punctum point.] Marked with small spots.

     The  studs  have their surface punctulated, as if set all over with
     other studs infinitely lesser. Woodward.

                                    Punctum

   Punc"tum  (?), n. [L., a point.] A point. Punctum c\'91cum. [L., blind
   point.]  (Anat.) Same as Blind spot, under Blind. -- Punctum proximum,
   near  point. See under Point. -- Punctum remotum, far point. See under
   Point.  --  Punctum vegetationis [L., point of vegetation] (Bot.), the
   terminal  cell  of  a  stem,  or  of a leaf bud, from which new growth
   originates.

                                 Puncturation

   Punc`tu*ra"tion  (?),  n.  The  act  or  process  of  puncturing.  See
   Acupuncture.

                                   Puncture

   Punc"ture  (?),  n.  [L. punctura, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See
   Pungent.]

   1. The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed.

   2.  A  small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; as,
   the puncture of a nail, needle, or pin.

     A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp. Rambler.

                                   Puncture

   Punc"ture,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Punctured  (?);  p. pr. & vb. n.
   Puncturing.]  To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like;
   to prick; to make a puncture in; as, to puncture the skin.

                                   Punctured

   Punc"tured (?), a.

   1. Having the surface covered with minute indentations or dots.

   2.  (Med.)  Produced  by  puncture;  having  the  characteristics of a
   puncture; as, a punctured wound.

                                    Pundit

   Pun"dit  (?), n. [Hind. pandit, Skr. pandita a learned man.] A learned
   man;  a  teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the Sanskrit language, and
   in  the  science,  laws, and religion of the Hindoos; in Cashmere, any
   clerk or native official. [Written also pandit.] [India]

                                    Pundle

   Pun"dle (?), n. [Cf. Bundle.] A short and fat woman; a squab. [Obs.]

                                    Punese

   Pu"nese  (?),  n.  [F.  punaise,  fr. punais stinking, fr. L. putere.]
   (Zo\'94l.) A bedbug. [R or Obs.]

                                     Pung

   Pung  (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one
   horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners. [U.S.]

     Sledges or pungs, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted
     with a large crockery crate. Judd.

     They did not take out the pungs to-day. E. E. Hale.

                                   Pungence

   Pun"gence (?), n. [See Pungent.] Pungency.

                                   Pungency

   Pun"gen*cy  (?), n. The quality or state of being pungent or piercing;
   keenness;  sharpness;  piquancy;  as,  the  pungency  of ammonia. "The
   pungency of menaces." Hammond.

                                    Pungent

   Pun"gent  (?),  a. [L. pungens, -entis, p. pr. of pungere, punctum, to
   prick.  Cf.  Compunction,  Expunge,  Poignant,  Point,  n.,  Puncheon,
   Punctilio, Punt, v. t.]

   1.  Causing  a  sharp  sensation, as of the taste, smell, or feelings;
   pricking; biting; acrid; as, a pungent spice.

     Pungent radish biting infant's tongue. Shenstone.

     The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope.

   2. Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging.

     With pungent pains on every side. Swift.

     His pungent pen played its part in rousing the nation. J. R. Green.

   3.  (Bot.)  Prickly-pointed;  hard and sharp. Syn. -- Acrid; piercing;
   sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious; biting; stinging.

                                   Pungently

   Pun"gent*ly, adv. In a pungent manner; sharply.

                                    Pungled

   Pun"gled  (?),  a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Shriveled or shrunken; -- said
   especially  of  grain  which  has  lost its juices from the ravages of
   insects, such as the wheat midge, or Trips (Thrips cerealium).

                                     Pungy

   Pung"y  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.] A small sloop or shallop, or a
   large boat with sails.

                                     Punic

   Pu"nic (?), a. [L. Punicus pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants,
   fr. Poeni the Carthaginians.]

   1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.

   2.   Characteristic   of   the   ancient   Carthaginians;   faithless;
   treacherous; as, Punic faith.

     Yes,  yes, his faith attesting nations own; 'T is Punic all, and to
     a proverb known. H. Brooke.

                                    Punice

   Pu"nice (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Punese. [Obs. or R.]

                                    Punice

   Pu"nice, v. t. To punish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                              Puniceous, Punicial

   Pu*ni"ceous  (?), Pu*ni"cial (?), a. [L. puniceus, fr. Punicus Punic.]
   Of a bright red or purple color. [R.]

                                   Puniness

   Pu"ni*ness  (?),  n.  The  quality or state of being puny; littleness;
   pettiness; feebleness.

                                    Punish

   Pun"ish  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Punished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Punishing.] [OE. punischen, F. punir, from L. punire, punitum, akin to
   poena punishment, penalty. See Pain, and -ish.]

   1.  To impose a penalty upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering
   for  a crime or fault, either with or without a view to the offender's
   amendment;  to  cause  to  suffer  in  retribution; to chasten; as, to
   punish  traitors  with  death; a father punishes his child for willful
   disobedience.

     A  greater  power  Now  ruled him, punished in the shape he sinned.
     Milton.

   2.  To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay,
   as  a  fault,  crime, etc., with pain or loss; as, to punish murder or
   treason with death.

   3.  To  injure,  as  by beating; to pommel. [Low] Syn. -- To chastise;
   castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct; discipline. See Chasten.

                                  Punishable

   Pun"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. punissable.] Deserving of, or liable to,
   punishment;  capable  of  being  punished  by law or right; -- said of
   person or offenses.

     That  time  was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by
     law as punishable as to be a traitor. Milton.

   -- Pun"ish*a*ble*ness, n.

                                   Punisher

   Pun"ish*er (?), n. One who inflicts punishment.

                                  Punishment

   Pun"ish*ment (?), n.

   1. The act of punishing.

   2.  Any  pain,  suffering,  or loss inflicted on a person because of a
   crime or offense.

     I never gave them condign punishment. Shak.

     The rewards and punishments of another life. Locke.

   3.  (Law)  A  penalty  inflicted  by a court of justice on a convicted
   offender  as  a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of
   reformation and prevention.

                                   Punition

   Pu*ni"tion  (?),  n.  [L.  punitio:  cf.  F.  punition.  See  Punish.]
   Punishment. [R.] Mir. for Mag.

                                   Punitive

   Pu"ni*tive   (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  punishment;  involving,
   awarding, or inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice.

     If  death  be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon
     man of toiling for his subsistence. I. Taylor.

     We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand. Bagehot.

                                   Punitory

   Pu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.

     God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time
     both prudential and punitory. A. Tucker.

                                     Punk

   Punk (?), n. [Cf. Spunk.]

   1.  Wood  so  decayed  as  to  be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder;
   touchwood.

   2.  A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder;
   agaric.

   3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk.

   4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak.

                                     Punka

   Pun"ka  (?),  n.  [Hind. pankh\'be fan.] A machine for fanning a room,
   usually  a  movable  fanlike  frame covered with canvas, and suspended
   from  the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord. [Hindostan]
   [Written also punkah.] Malcom.

                                    Punkin

   Pun"kin (?), n. A pumpkin. [Colloq. U. S.]

                                   Punkling

   Punk"ling (?), n. A young strumpet. [Obs.]

                                    Punner

   Pun"ner (?), n. A punster. Beau. & Fl.

                                    Punnet

   Pun"net  (?),  n.  [Cf.  Ir. buinne a shoot, branch.] A broad, shallow
   basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.

                                   Punnology

   Pun*nol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Pun + -logy.] The art or practice of punning;
   paronomasia. [R.] Pope.

                                    Punster

   Pun"ster (?), n. One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning;
   a quibbler; a low wit.

                                     Punt

   Punt  (?), v. i. [F. ponter, or It. puntare, fr. L. punctum point. See
   Point.] To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.

     She heard . . . of his punting at gaming tables. Thackeray.

                                     Punt

   Punt, n. Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.

                                     Punt

   Punt,  n.  [AS.,  fr.  L. ponto punt, pontoon. See Pontoon.] (Naut.) A
   flat-bottomed  boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow
   waters.

                                     Punt

   Punt, v. t.

   1.  To  propel,  as  a  boat  in shallow water, by pushing with a pole
   against  the  bottom;  to  push  or  propel  (anything) with exertion.
   Livingstone.

   2.  (Football)  To  kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when
   let fall from the hands.

                                     Punt

   Punt, n. (Football) The act of punting the ball.

                                    Punter

   Punt"er  (?),  n.[Cf.  F.  ponte.  See  Punt,  v.  t.]  One who punts;
   specifically,  one  who  plays  against  the  banker  or dealer, as in
   baccara and faro. Hoyle.

                                    Punter

   Punt"er, n. One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.

                                Puntil, Puntel

   Pun"til (?), Pun"tel (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

                                     Punto

   Pun"to  (?),  n. [It. punto, L. punctum point. See Point.] (Fencing) A
   point  or  hit.  Punto diritto [It.], a direct stroke or hit. -- Punto
   reverso  [It.  riverso  reverse], a backhanded stroke. Halliwell. "Ah,
   the immortal passado! the punto reverso!" Shak.
   
                                     Punty
                                       
   Pun"ty (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee. 

                                     Puny

   Pu"ny  (?),  a. [Compar. Punier (?); superl. Puniest.] [F. pu\'8ct\'82
   younger,  later  born,  OF.  puisn\'82;  puis afterwards (L. post; see
   Post-) + n\'82 born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.] Imperfectly
   developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty.

     A puny subject strikes at thy great glory. Shak.

     Breezes laugh to scorn our puny speed. Keble.

                                     Puny

   Pu"ny (?), n. A youth; a novice. [R.] Fuller.

                                     Puoy

   Puoy (?), n. Same as Poy, n., 3.

                                      Pup

   Pup  (?),  n.  [See Puppy.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young dog; a puppy. (b) a
   young seal.<-- any young canine? -->

                                      Pup

   Pup,  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p. p. Pupped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pupping.] To
   bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.

                                     Pupa

   Pu"pa  (?),  n.;  pl.  L.  Pup (#), E. Pupas (#). [L. pupa girl. doll,
   puppet, fem. of pupus. Cf. Puppet.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  insect  in  that stage of its metamorphosis which
   usually immediately precedes the adult, or imago, stage.

     NOTE: &hand; Am ong in sects belonging to the higher orders, as the
     Hymenoptera,  Diptera,  Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes
     no  food;  in  the  lower  orders  it is active and takes food, and
     differs  little  from  the imago except in the rudimentary state of
     the  sexual  organs, and of the wings in those that have wings when
     adult. The term pupa is sometimes applied to other invertebrates in
     analogous stages of development.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of air-breathing land snails having an elongated
   spiral shell.
   Coarctate,  OR Obtected, pupa, a pupa which is incased in the dried-up
   skin  of  the  larva, as in many Diptera. -- Masked pupa, a pupa whose
   limbs  are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as
   in Lepidoptera.

                                     Pupal

   Pu"pal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition
   of a pupa.

                                    Pupate

   Pu"pate (?), v. i. (Zo\'94l.) To become a pupa.

                                   Pupation

   Pu*pa"tion (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) the act of becoming a pupa.

                                     Pupe

   Pupe (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) A pupa.

                                    Pupelo

   Pu*pe"lo (?), n. Cider brandy. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

                                  Pupigerous

   Pu*pig"er*ous, a. [Pupa + -gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing or containing a
   pupa; -- said of dipterous larv\'91 which do not molt when the pupa is
   formed within them.

                                     Pupil

   Pu"pil  (?), n. [F. pupille, n. fem., L. pupilla the pupil of the eye,
   originally  dim. of pupa a girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil a scholar.]
   (Anat.)  The  aperture  in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the
   eye.  See  the  Note  under  Eye, and Iris. Pin-hole pupil (Med.), the
   pupil  of the eye when so contracted (as it sometimes is in typhus, or
   opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole. Dunglison.

                                     Pupil

   Pu"pil, n. [F. pupille, n. masc. & fem., L. pupillus, pupilla, dim. of
   pupus boy, pupa girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil of the eye.]

   1. A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or
   tutor.

     Too far in years to be a pupil now. Shak.

     Tutors should behave reverently before their pupils. L'Estrange.

   2. A person under a guardian; a ward. Dryden.

   3.  (Civil  Law)  A  boy  or a girl under the age of puberty, that is,
   under  fourteen  if  a  male,  and  under  twelve if a female. Syn. --
   Learner; disciple; tyro. -- See Scholar.

                                   Pupilage

   Pu"pil*age (?), n. The state of being a pupil.

     As  sons  of kings, loving in pupilage, Have turned to tyrants when
     they came to power. Tennyson.

                                  Pupillarity

   Pu`pil*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pupillarit\'82. See Pupillary.] (Scots
   Law)  The  period  before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males,
   and twelve in females.

                                   Pupillary

   Pu"pil*la*ry (?), a. [L. pupillaris: cf. F.pupillaire. See Pupil.]

   1. Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward. Johnson.

   2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.

                                 Pupillometer

   Pu`pil*lom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [L.  pupilla  pupil  of the eye + -meter.]
   (Physiol.)  An  instrument  for measuring the size of the pupil of the
   pupil of the eye.

                                   Pupipara

   Pu*pip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupiparous.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
   Diptera  in  which  the  young  are  born in a stage like the pupa. It
   includes  the sheep tick, horse tick, and other parasites. Called also
   Homaloptera.

                                  Pupiparous

   Pu*pip"a*rous  (?),  a.  [Pupa + L. parere to bring forth.] (Zo\'94l.)
   (a)  Bearing,  or containing, a pupa; -- said of the matured larv\'91,
   or  larval  skins,  of  certain  Diptera.  (b) Of or pertaining to the
   Pupipara.

                                   Pupivora

   Pu*piv"o*ra  (?),  n.  pl. [NL. See Pupivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
   parasitic  Hymenoptera,  including  the ichneumon flies, which destroy
   the larv\'91 and pup\'91 of insects.

                                  Pupivorous

   Pu*piv"o*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. vorare to devour.] (Zo\'94l.) Feeding
   on the pup\'91 of insects.

                                   Puplican

   Pup"li*can (?), n. Publican. [Obs.]

                                    Puppet

   Pup"pet (?), n. [OE. popet, OF. poupette; akin to F. poup\'82e a doll,
   probably  from  L.  puppa,  pupa,  a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. Poupeton,
   Pupa, Pupil, Puppy.] [Written also poppet.]

   1. A small image in the human form; a doll.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1164

   2.  A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a
   marionette; a wooden actor in a play.

     At  the  pipes of some carved organ move, The gilded puppets dance.
     Pope.

   3.  One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; -- so
   used in contempt. Sir W. Scott.

   4.  (Mach.)  The  upright  support for the bearing of the spindle in a
   lathe.
   Puppet  master.  Same  as Puppetman. -- Puppet play, a puppet show. --
   Puppet player, one who manages the motions of puppets. -- Puppet show,
   a  mock  drama performed by puppets moved by wires. -- Puppet valve, a
   valve in the form of a circular disk, which covers a hole in its seat,
   and opens by moving bodily away from the seat while remaining parallel
   with it, -- used in steam engines, pumps, safety valves, etc. Its edge
   is  often  beveled,  and fits in a conical recess in the seat when the
   valve is closed. See the valves shown in Illusts. of Plunger pump, and
   Safety valve, under Plunger, and Safety.

                                   Puppetish

   Pup"pet*ish  (?),  a.  Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of
   the nature of a puppet.

                                   Puppetman

   Pup"pet*man (?), n. A master of a puppet show.

                                   Puppetry

   Pup"pet*ry  (?),  n. Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet,
   or puppet show; hence, mere form or show; affectation.

     Puppetry of the English laws of divorce. Chambers.

                                     Puppy

   Pup"py  (?),  n.;  pl.  Puppies  (#).  [F. poup\'82e doll, puppet. See
   Puppet, and cf. Pup, n.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.) The young of a canine animal, esp. of the common dog; a
   whelp.

   2.  A  name  of  contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent
   person.

     I  found  my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward puppy with a money
     bag under each arm. Addison.

                                     Puppy

   Pup"py, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puppied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puppying.] To
   bring forth whelps; to pup.

                                   Puppyhood

   Pup"py*hood  (?),  n.  The time or state of being a puppy; the time of
   being young and undisciplined.

                                   Puppyish

   Pup"py*ish, a. Like a puppy.

                                   Puppyism

   Pup"py*ism   (?),   n.  Extreme  meanness,  affectation,  conceit,  or
   impudence. A. Chalmers.

                                      Pur

   Pur (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purring.] [Of
   imitative  origin;  cf.  Prov.  G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring,
   continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also purr.]

                                      Pur

   Pur, v. t. To signify or express by purring. Gray.

                                      Pur

   Pur,  n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment
   or pleasure. [Written also purr.]

                                    Purana

   Pu*ra"na  (?),  n.  [Skr. pur\'be, properly. old, ancient, fr. pur\'be
   formerly.]  One  of  a  class  of  sacred Hindoo poetical works in the
   Sanskrit  language  which  treat  of  the  creation,  destruction, and
   renovation  of  worlds,  the  genealogy  and  achievements of gods and
   heroes,  the  reigns  of  the  Manus,  and  the  transactions of their
   descendants.  The  principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there
   are the same number of supplementary books called Upa Puranas.

                                    Puranic

   Pu*ran"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Puranas.

                                 Purbeck beds

   Pur"beck  beds`  (?). [So called from the Isle of Purbeck in England.]
   (Geol.)  The  strata  of  the  Purbeck  stone,  or  Purbeck limestone,
   belonging to the O\'94litic group. See the Chart of Geology.

                                 Purbeck stone

   Pur"beck  stone`  (?). (Geol.) A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in
   England.

                                   Purblind

   Pur"blind` (?), a. [For pure-blind, i. e., wholly blind. See Pure, and
   cf. Poreblind.]

   1. Wholly blind. "Purblind Argus, all eyes and no sight." Shak.

   2.  Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a purblind eye;
   a purblind mole.

     The  saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be
     purblindand sand-blind. Latimer.

     O purblind race of miserable men. Tennyson.

   -- Pur"blind`ly, adv. -- Pur"blind`ness, n.

                                   Purcelane

   Purce"lane (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Obs.]

                                  Purchasable

   Pur"chas*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained
   for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt.

     Money  being the counterbalance to all things purchasable by it, as
     much  as  you  take off from the value of money, so much you add to
     the price of things exchanged. Locke.

                                   Purchase

   Pur"chase  (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Purchasing.] [OE. purchasen, porchacen, OF. porchacier, purchacier, to
   pursue,  to  seek eagerly, F. pourchasser; OF. pour, por, pur, for (L.
   pro) + chacier to pursue, to chase. See Chase.]

   1.  To  pursue  and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or
   acquire. Chaucer.

     That loves the thing he can not purchase. Spenser.

     Your  accent  is  Something  finer  than  you  could purchase in so
     removed a dwelling. Shak.

     His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased. Shak.

   2.  To  obtain  by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price;
   as, to purchase land, or a house.

     The  field  which  Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth. Gen. xxv.
     10.

   3.  To  obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.;
   as, to purchase favor with flattery.

     One  poor  retiring  minute  .  .  . Would purchase thee a thousand
     thousand friends. Shak.

     A world who would not purchase with a bruise? Milton.

   4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.]

     Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses. Shak.

   5.  (Law)  (a)  To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance.
   Blackstone. (b) To buy for a price.

   6.  To  apply  to  (anything)  a  device  for  obtaining  a mechanical
   advantage;  to  get  a  purchase  upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to
   purchase a cannon.

                                   Purchase

   Pur"chase, v. i.

   1.  To  put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's
   self. [Obs.]

     Duke  John  of  Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders
     should have his daughter in marriage. Ld. Berners.

   2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.]

     Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast. J. Webster.

                                   Purchase

   Pur"chase  (?;  48),  n.  [OE. purchds, F. pourchas eager pursuit. See
   Purchase, v. t.]

   1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything. [Obs.]

     I'll  . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase.
     Beau. & Fl.

   2. The act of seeking and acquiring property.

   3.  The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price;
   buying for money or its equivalent.

     It  is  foolish  to  lay  out  money in the purchase of repentance.
     Franklin.

   4.  That  which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly
   or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B. Jonson.

     We  met  with  little  purchase  upon  this coast, except two small
     vessels of Golconda. De Foe.

     A  beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase
     of his lustful eye. Shak.

   5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. "The
   scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase." Wheaton.

   6.  Any  mechanical  hold,  or  advantage,  applied  to the raising or
   removing  of  heavy  bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the
   like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is
   gained.

     A  politician,  to  do  great things, looks for a power -- what our
     workmen call a purchase. Burke.

   7. (Law) Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent
   or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone.
   Purchase  criminal,  robbery.  [Obs.]  Spenser. -- Purchase money, the
   money  paid,  or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. Berkeley.
   --  Worth,  OR  At,  [so  many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the
   value  or  cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required
   for  the  income  to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the
   estate  at  a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a
   day's purchase in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in
   imminent peril.
   
                                   Purchaser
                                       
   Pur"chas*er (?), n. 

   1.  One  who purchases; one who acquires property for a consideration,
   generally of money; a buyer; a vendee.

   2.  (Law)  One  who  acquires  an  estate  in  lands by his own act or
   agreement,  or  who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than
   by descent or inheritance.

                                    Purdah

   Pur"dah  (?),  n. [Per. parda a curtain.] A curtain or screen; also, a
   cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains. McElrath.

                                     Pure

   Pure  (?),  a.  [Compar. Purer (?); superl. Purest.] [OE. pur, F. pur,
   fr. L. purus; akin to putus pure, clear, putare to clean, trim, prune,
   set  in  order,  settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. p to clean, and
   perh. E. fire. Cf. Putative.]

   1.  Separate  from  all  heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from
   mixture  or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; as, pure water;
   pure clay; pure air; pure compassion.

     The pure fetters on his shins great. Chaucer.

     A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy. I. Watts.

   2.  Free  from  moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless;
   chaste; -- applied to persons. "Keep thyself pure." 1 Tim. v. 22.

     Now  the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and
     of a good conscience. 1 Tim. i. 5.

   3.  Free  from  that  which  harms,  vitiates,  weakens,  or pollutes;
   genuine;  real;  perfect;  --  applied  to  things  and actions. "Pure
   religion  and impartial laws." Tickell. "The pure, fine talk of Rome."
   Ascham.

     Such  was  the  origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that
     ancient or modern history records. Macaulay.

   4. (Script.) Ritually clean; fitted for holy services.

     Thou  shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table
     before the Lord. Lev. xxiv. 6.

   5.  (Phonetics)  Of  a  single,  simple sound or tone; -- said of some
   vowels and the unaspirated consonants.
   Pure-impure,  completely  or  totally  impure.  "The  inhabitants were
   pure-impure pagans." Fuller. -- Pure blue. (Chem.) See Methylene blue,
   under  Methylene.  --  Pure  chemistry.  See  under Chemistry. -- Pure
   mathematics,   that   portion  of  mathematics  which  treats  of  the
   principles   of   the   science,   or   contradistinction  to  applied
   mathematics,  which treats of the application of the principles to the
   investigation  of  other  branches  of  knowledge, or to the practical
   wants  of  life. See Mathematics. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) -- Pure
   villenage (Feudal Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the
   will  of  the  lord. Blackstone. Syn. -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real;
   true;  genuine;  unadulterated;  uncorrupted;  unsullied; untarnished;
   unstained;  stainless;  clean;  fair;  unspotted; spotless; incorrupt;
   chaste;   unpolluted;   undefiled;  immaculate;  innocent;  guiltless;
   guileless; holy.

                                     Pured

   Pured (?), a. Purified; refined. [Obs.] "Bread of pured wheat." "Pured
   gold." Chaucer.

                                   Pur\'82e

   Pu`r\'82e"  (?), n. [F.] A dish made by boiling any article of food to
   a  pulp  and rubbing it through a sieve; as, a pur\'82e of fish, or of
   potatoes; especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated.

                                    Purely

   Pure"ly (?), adv.

   1. In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective).

   2. Nicely; prettily. [Archaic] Halliwell.

                                   Pureness

   Pure"ness, n. The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective).

                                    Purfile

   Pur"file  (?),  n.  [See Purfle.] A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel
   and  thread for women's gowns; -- called also bobbinwork. [Obs.] Piers
   Plowman.

                                    Purfle

   Pur"fle  (?), v. t. [OF. pourfiler; pour for + fil a thread, L. filum.
   See Profile, and cf. Purl a border.]

   1.  To  decorate  with  a wrought or flowered border; to embroider; to
   ornament  with metallic threads; as, to purfle with blue and white. P.
   Plowman.

     A  goodly  lady clad in scarlet red, Purfled with gold and pearl of
     rich assay. Spenser.

   2.  (Her.)  To  ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like;
   also, with gold studs or mountings.

                                Purfle, Purflew

   Pur"fle (?), Pur"flew (?), n.

   1. A hem, border., or trimming, as of embroidered work.

   2. (Her.) A border of any heraldic fur.

                                    Purfled

   Pur"fled  (?),  a.  Ornamented;  decorated;  esp.,  embroidered on the
   edges.  Purfled  work  (Arch.), delicate tracery, especially in Gothic
   architecture.

                                   Purfling

   Pur"fling   (?),   n.   Ornamentation   on  the  border  of  a  thing;
   specifically, the inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin.

                                   Purgament

   Pur"ga*ment  (?), n. [L. purgamentum offscourings, washings, expiatory
   sacrifice. See Purge.]

   1. That which is excreted; excretion. [Obs.]

   2. (Med.) A cathartic; a purgative. [Obs.] Bacon.

                                   Purgation

   Pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. purgatio: cf. F. purgation. See Purge.]

   1.  The  act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying,
   by separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous;
   the evacuation of the bowels.

   2.  (Law)  The  clearing  of  one's self from a crime of which one was
   publicly  suspected  and  accused.  It was either canonical, which was
   prescribed  by  the  canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual
   court  was,  that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear
   of  the  matter  objected  against him, and bring his honest neighbors
   with  him  to  make oath that they believes he swore truly; or vulgar,
   which was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See Ordeal. Wharton.

     Let him put me to my purgation. Shak.

                                   Purgative

   Pur"ga*tive  (?), a [L. purgativus: cf. F. purgatif.] Having the power
   or  quality  of purging; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A purging medicine; a
   cathartic.

                                  Purgatively

   Pur"ga*tive*ly, adv. In a purgative manner.

                           Purgatorial, Purgatorian

   Pur`ga*to"ri*al  (?),  Pur`ga*to"ri*an  (?),  a.  Of  or pertaining to
   purgatory; expiatory.

                                  Purgatorian

   Pur`ga*to"ri*an,  n.  One  who  holds  to  the  doctrine of purgatory.
   Boswell.

                                   Purgatory

   Pur"ga*to*ry  (?), a. [L. purgatorius.] Tending to cleanse; cleansing;
   expiatory. Burke.

                                   Purgatory

   Pur"ga*to*ry, n. [Cf. F. purgatoire.] A state or place of purification
   after  death;  according  to  the  Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a
   state believed to exist after death, in which the souls of persons are
   purified  by  expiating such offenses committed in this life as do not
   merit eternal damnation, or in which they fully satisfy the justice of
   God  for  sins  that have been forgiven. After this purgation from the
   impurities of sin, the souls are believed to be received into heaven.

                                     Purge

   Purge  (?),  v.  t.  [imp. & p. p. Purged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purging
   (?).]  [F.  purger, L. purgare; purus pure + agere to make, to do. See
   Pure, and Agent.]

   1.  To  cleanse,  clear,  or  purify  by  separating  and carrying off
   whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or superfluous. "Till fire
   purge all things new." Milton.

   2.  (Med.)  To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or
   in a similar manner.

   3. To clarify; to defecate, as liquors.

   4.  To  clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by
   driving off or permitting escape.

   5. To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; as, to
   purge one of guilt or crime.

     When that he hath purged you from sin. Chaucer.

     Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean. Ps. li. 7.

   6.  (Law)  To  clear  from  accusation,  or  the  charge of a crime or
   misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal.

   7. To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; -- often followed
   by away.

     Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake. Ps. lxxix. 9.

     We 'll join our cares to purge away Our country's crimes. Addison.

                                     Purge

   Purge, v. i.

   1. To become pure, as by clarification.

   2.  To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by
   means of a cathartic.

                                     Purge

   Purge, n. [Cf. F. purge. See Purge, v. t.]

   1. The act of purging.

     The  preparative  for  the  purge  of  paganism  of  the kingdom of
     Northumberland. Fuller.

   2.  That  which  purges;  especially,  a  medicine  that evacuates the
   intestines; a cathartic. Arbuthnot.

                                    Purger

   Pur"ger   (?),  n.  One  who,  or  that  which,  purges  or  cleanses;
   especially, a cathartic medicine.

                                    Purgery

   Pur"ger*y  (?),  n.  The  part  of  a sugarhouse where the molasses is
   drained off from the sugar.

                                    Purging

   Pur"ging  (?),  a.  That  purges;  cleansing.  Purging flax (Bot.), an
   annual  European plant of the genus Linum (L. catharticum); dwarf wild
   flax; -- so called from its use as a cathartic medicine.

                                    Purging

   Pur"ging,  n.  (Med.)  The  act  of  cleansing; excessive evacuations;
   especially, diarrhea.

                                     Puri

   Pur"i (?), n. (Chem.) See Euxanthin.

                                 Purification

   Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion   (?),  n.  [F.  purification,  L.  purificatio.  See
   Purify.]

   1.  The  act  of  purifying;  the  act  or operation of separating and
   removing   from   anything   that  which  is  impure  or  noxious,  or
   heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the purification of liquors, or of
   metals.

   2.  The  act  or  operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any
   pollution or defilement.

     When  the  days  of  her purification according to the law of Moses
     were accomplished. Luke ii. 22.

   3.  A  cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of
   sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations.

                                 Purificative

   Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. purificatif.] Having power to purify;
   tending to cleanse. [R.]

                                  Purificator

   Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier.

                                 Purrificatory

   Pur*rif"i*ca*to*ry  (?), a. [L. purificatorius.] Serving or tending to
   purify; purificative.

                                   Purifier

   Pu"ri*fi`er  (?),  n.  One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a
   cleanser; a refiner.
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   Page 1165

                                   Puriform

   Pu"ri*form  (?),  a.  [L.  pus, puris, pus + -form: cf. F. puriforme.]
   (Med.) In the form of pus.

                                    Purify

   Pu"ri*fy  (?)  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Purified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Purifying  (?).]  [F.purifier, L. purificare; purus pure + -ficare (in
   comp.) to make. See Pure, and -fy.]

   1.  To  make  pure  or  clear  from material defilement, admixture, or
   imperfection; to free from extraneous or noxious matter; as, to purify
   liquors or metals; to purify the blood; to purify the air.

   2.  Hence,  in  figurative  uses:  (a)  To  free  from  guilt or moral
   defilement; as, to purify the heart.

     And fit them so Purified to receive him pure. Milton.

   (b) To free from ceremonial or legal defilement.

     And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, .
     . . and purified the altar. Lev. viii. 15.

     Purify both yourselves and your captives. Num. xxxi. 19.

   (c)  To  free  from  improprieties  or  barbarisms;  as,  to  purify a
   language. Sprat.

                                    Purify

   Pu"ri*fy, v. i. To grow or become pure or clear.

                                     Purim

   Pu"rim  (?),  n. [Heb. p&umac;r, pl. p&umac;r&imac;m, a lot.] A Jewish
   festival, called also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the
   deliverance of the Jews from the machinations of Haman. Esther ix. 26.

                                    Purism

   Pur"ism  (?),  n. [Cf. F. purisme.] Rigid purity; the quality of being
   affectedly  pure  or  nice,  especially  in  the  choice  of language;
   over-solicitude as to purity. "His political purism." De Quincey.

     The  English  language,  however, . . . had even already become too
     thoroughly  and  essentially  a  mixed  tongue  for his doctrine of
     purism to be admitted to the letter. Craik.

                                    Purist

   Pur"ist, n. [Cf. F. puriste.]

   1.  One  who aims at excessive purity or nicety, esp. in the choice of
   language.

     He  [Fox]  . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to
     any purist. Macaulay.

   2. One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek.
   M. Stuart.

                             Puristic, Puristical

   Pu*ris"tic  (?),  Pu*ris"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to purists or
   purism.

                                    Puritan

   Pu"ri*tan (?), n. [From Purity.]

   1. (Eccl. Hist.) One who, in the time of Queen Elizabeth and the first
   two  Stuarts,  opposed  traditional  and  formal usages, and advocated
   simpler  forms  of faith and worship than those established by law; --
   originally,  a  term  of reproach. The Puritans formed the bulk of the
   early population of New England.

     NOTE: &hand; The Puritans were afterward distinguished as Political
     Puritans, Doctrinal Puritans, and Puritans in Discipline.

   Hume.

   2.  One  who  is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often
   used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions.

     She would make a puritan of the devil. Shak.

                                    Puritan

   Pu"ri*tan,  a.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Puritans;  resembling, or
   characteristic of, the Puritans.

                            Puritanic, Puritanical

   Pu`ri*tan"ic (?), Pu`ri*tan"ic*al (?), a.

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Puritans,  or  to their doctrines and
   practice.

   2.  Precise  in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict;
   overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt.

     Paritanical  circles,  from  which  plays  and novels were strictly
     excluded. Macaulay.

     He had all the puritanic traits, both good and evil. Hawthorne.

                                 Puritanically

   Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. In a puritanical manner.

                                  Puritanism

   Pu"ri*tan*ism (?), n. The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.

                                  Puritanize

   Pu"ri*tan*ize  (?),  v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puritanized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.  Puritanizing  (?).]  To  agree  with,  or  teach, the doctrines of
   Puritans; to conform to the practice of Puritans. Bp. Montagu.

                                    Purity

   Pu"ri*ty  (?), n. [OE. purete, purte, OF. purt\'82, F. puret\'82, from
   L.  puritas,  fr.  purus pure. See Pure.] The condition of being pure.
   Specifically:  (a)  freedom  from  foreign  admixture  or  deleterious
   matter;  as,  the  purity  of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals. (b)
   Cleanness;  freedom  from  foulness  or  dirt.  "The purity of a linen
   vesture."  Holyday.  (c)  Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin;
   innocence;  chastity; as, purity of heart or of life. (d) Freedom from
   any  sinister  or  improper motives or views. (e) Freedom from foreign
   idioms,  or from barbarous or improper words or phrases; as, purity of
   style.

                               Purkinje's cells

   Pur"kin*je's  cells`  (?).  [From  J.  E. Purkinje, their discoverer.]
   (Anat.)  Large  ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the
   cerebellum.

                                     Purl

   Purl  (?), v. t. [Contr. fr. purfile, purfle. See Purfle.] To decorate
   with fringe or embroidery. "Nature's cradle more enchased and purled."
   B. Jonson.

                                     Purl

   Purl, n.

   1.  An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold
   or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band.

     A  triumphant  chariot  made of carnation velvet, enriched withpurl
     and pearl. Sir P. Sidney

   .

   2.  An  inversion  of  stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a
   ribbed or waved appearance.
   Purl stitch. Same as Purl, n., 2.

                                     Purl

   Purl,  v.  i. [imp. & p. p. Purled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purling.] [Cf.
   Sw. porla, and E. pur to murmur as a cat.]

   1.  To  run  swiftly  round, as a small stream flowing among stones or
   other obstructions; to eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound, as water
   does in running over or through obstructions.

     Swift  o'er  the rolling pebbles, down the hills, Louder and louder
     purl the falling rills. Pope.

   2. [Perh. fr. F. perler to pearl, to bead. See Pearl, v. & n.] To rise
   in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle.

     thin winding breath which purled up to the sky. Shak.

                                     Purl

   Purl, n. [See 3d Purl.]

   1. A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple.

     Whose  stream  an  easy  breath  doth  seem  to  blow, Which on the
     sparkling  gravel  runs  in purles, As though the waves had been of
     silver curls. Drayton.

   2.  A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among
   obstructions; as, the purl of a brook.

   3.  [Perh.  from  F.perler,  v.  See  Purl  to  mantle.]  Malt liquor,
   medicated  or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other
   bitter  herbs  had  been  infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at
   present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices. "Drank a glass of
   purl  to  recover  appetite." Addison. "Drinking hot purl, and smoking
   pipes." Dickens.

   4. (Zo\'94l.) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Purlieu

   Pur"lieu  (?),  n.  [Corrupted  (by  influence  of lieu place) fr. OF.
   pural\'82e,  poral\'82e  (equiv.  to  LL.  perambulatio  a  survey  of
   boundaries,  originally,  a  going  through);  por  (L. pro, confused,
   however,  with  L.  per  through)  +  al\'82e.  See  Pro-, and Alley.]
   [Written also pourlieu.]

   1.  Originally,  the  ground  near  a royal forest, which, having been
   unlawfully  added  to  the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and
   disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights.

     Then  as  a  tiger,  who  by  chance hath spied In some purlieu two
     gentle fawns at play. Milton.

   2.  Hence,  the  outer  portion  of  any  place; an adjacent district;
   environs; neighborhood. "The purlieus of St. James."

     brokers  had  been incessantly plying for custom in the purlieus of
     the court. Macaulay.

                                Purlin, Purline

   Pur"lin,  Pur"line  (?),  n.  [Etymol.  uncertain.]  (Arch.)  In  root
   construction,  a  horizontal  member  supported  on the principals and
   supporting the common rafters.

                                    Purling

   Purl"ing  (?),  n. [See 3d Purl.] The motion of a small stream running
   among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing.

                                    Purloin

   Pur*loin"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Purloined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Purloining.]  [OF.  purloignier,  porloignier,  to retard, delay; pur,
   por,  pour,  for (L. pro) + loin far, far off (L. longe). See Prolong,
   and  cf.  Eloign.]  To  take  or  carry away for one's self; hence, to
   steal; to take by theft; to filch.

     Had from his wakeful custody purloined The guarded gold. Milton.

     when did the muse from Fletcher scenes purloin ? Dryden.

                                    Purloin

   Pur*loin", v. i. To practice theft; to steal. Titus ii. 10.

                                   Purloiner

   Pur*loin"er (?), n. One who purloins. Swift.

                                   Purparty

   Pur"par`ty  (?), n. [OF. pourpartie; pour for + partie a part; cf. OF.
   purpart  a  respective  part.]  (Law)  A share, part, or portion of an
   estate   allotted   to   a  coparcener.  [Written  also  purpart,  and
   pourparty.]

     I  am  forced to eat all the game of your purparties, as well as my
     own thirds. Walpole.

                                    Purple

   Pur"ple  (?),  n.;  pl. Purples (#). [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre,
   porpre,  pourpre,  F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr.
   Gr. furere to rage, E. fury: cf. AS. purpure. Cf. Porphyry, Purpure.]

   1.  A  color formed by, or resembling that formed by, a combination of
   the primary colors red and blue.

     Arraying  with  reflected  purple  and  gold The clouds that on his
     western throne attend. Milton.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e an cient wo rds wh ich ar e translated purple are
     supposed  to  have  been used for the color we call crimson. In the
     gradations  of  color as defined in art, purple is a mixture of red
     and  blue. When red predominates it is called violet, and when blue
     predominates, hyacinth.

   2.  Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially,
   a  purple  robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically,
   the  purple  rode  or  mantle  worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of
   imperial dignity; as, to put on the imperial purple.

     Thou  shalt  make  the  tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined
     linen, and purple, and scarlet. Ex. xxvi. 1.

   3. Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor; loosely
   and  colloquially,  any exalted station; great wealth. "He was born in
   the purple." Gibbon.

   4. A cardinalate. See Cardinal.

   5.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  species of large butterflies, usually marked with
   purple  or blue, of the genus Basilarchia (formerly Limenitis) as, the
   banded purple (B. arthemis). See Illust. under Ursula.

   6. (Zo\'94l.) Any shell of the genus Purpura.

   7. pl.(Med.) See Purpura.

   8. pl. A disease of wheat. Same as Earcockle.

     NOTE: &hand; Pu rple is  so metimes us ed in composition, esp. with
     participles   forming   words   of   obvious   signification;   as,
     purple-colored,    purple-hued,    purple-stained,   purple-tinged,
     purple-tinted, and the like.

   French  purple.  (Chem.)  Same  as  Cudbear. -- Purple of Cassius. See
   Cassius.  --  Purple of mollusca (Zo\'94l.), a coloring matter derived
   from  certain  mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple or crimson
   color,  and  is supposed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye.
   It is obtained from Ianthina, and from several species of Purpura, and
   Murex.  --  To  be  born in the purple, to be of princely birth; to be
   highborn.

                                    Purple

   Pur"ple, a.

   1. Exhibiting or possessing the color called purple, much esteemed for
   its  richness  and beauty; of a deep red, or red and blue color; as, a
   purple robe.

   2.  Imperial; regal; -- so called from the color having been an emblem
   of imperial authority.

     Hide in the dust thy purple pride. Shelley.

   3. Blood-red; bloody.

     May such purple tears be alway shed. Shak.

     I  view  a  field  of blood, And Tiber rolling with a purple blood.
     Dryden.

   Purple  bird  (Zo\'94l.),  the  European  purple  gallinule. See under
   Gallinule. -- Purple copper ore. (Min.) See Bornite. -- Purple grackle
   (Zo\'94l.),  the crow blackbird. See under Crow. -- Purple martin. See
   under  Martin.  --  Purple  sandpiper.  See under Sandpiper. -- Purple
   shell. See Ianthina.

                                    Purple

   Pur"ple  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Purpled  (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Purpling.]  To  make  purple;  to dye of purple or deep red color; as,
   hands purpled with blood.

     When morn Purples the east. Milton.

     Reclining  soft  in  blissful  bowers, Purpled sweet with springing
     flowers. Fenton.

                                  Purpleheart

   Pur"ple*heart` (?), n. (Bot.) A strong, durable, and elastic wood of a
   purplish  color,  obtained  from  several tropical American leguminous
   trees   of   the   genus   Copaifera  (C.  pubiflora,  bracteata,  AND
   officinalis). Used for decorative veneering. See Copaiba.

                                  Purplewood

   Pur"ple*wood` (?), n. Same as Purpleheart.

                                   Purplish

   Pur"plish (?), a. Somewhat purple. Boyle.

                                    Purport

   Pur"port  (?),  n.  [OF.  purport; pur, pour, for (L. pro) + porter to
   bear, carry. See Port demeanor.]

   1. Design or tendency; meaning; import; tenor.

     The  whole  scope and purport of that dialogue. Norris. With a look
     so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell. Shak.

   2. Disguise; covering. [Obs.]

     For  she  her  sex  under  that  strange  purport  Did use to hide.
     Spenser.

                                    Purport

   Pur"port,  v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purported; p. pr. & vb. n. Purporting.]
   [OF.  purporter,  pourporter.  See  Purport, n.] To intend to show; to
   intend; to mean; to signify; to import; -- often with an object clause
   or infinitive.

     They  in  most  grave  and solemn wise unfolded Matter which little
     purported. Rowe.

                                  Purportless

   Pur"port*less, a. Without purport or meaning.

                                    Purpose

   Pur"pose  (?),  n.  [OF.  purpos,  pourpos, propos, L. propositum. See
   Propound.]

   1.  That which a person sets before himself as an object to be reached
   or  accomplished;  the end or aim to which the view is directed in any
   plan, measure, or exertion; view; aim; design; intention; plan.

     He will his firste purpos modify. Chaucer.

     As my eternal purpose hath decreed. Milton.

     The  flighty  purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it.
     Shak.

   2. Proposal to another; discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.

   3. Instance; example. [Obs.] L'Estrange.
   In  purpose,  Of  purpose,  On purpose, with previous design; with the
   mind  directed  to  that object; intentionally. On purpose is the form
   now generally used. Syn. -- design; end; intention; aim. See Design.
   
                                    Purpose
                                       
   Pur"pose,  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Purposed  (?);  p.  pr.  & vb. n.
   Purposing.] [OF. purposer, proposer. See Propose.] 

   1. To set forth; to bring forward. [Obs.]

   2.  To  propose,  as an aim, to one's self; to determine upon, as some
   end or object to be accomplished; to intend; to design; to resolve; --
   often followed by an infinitive or dependent clause. Chaucer.

     Did nothing purpose against the state. Shak.

     I  purpose  to  write  the history of England from the accession of
     King  James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of
     men still living. Macaulay.

                                    Purpose

   Pur"pose,  v.  i. To have a purpose or intention; to discourse. [Obs.]
   Spenser.

                                  Purposedly

   Pur"posed*ly  (?),  adv. In a purposed manner; according to purpose or
   design; purposely.

     A poem composed purposedly of the Trojan war. Holland.

                                  Purposeful

     Pur"pose*ful  (?),  a.  Important; material. "Purposeful accounts."
     Tylor. -- Pur"pose*ful*ly, adv.

                                  Purposeless

     Pur"pose*less,  a.  Having  no  purpose  or result; objectless. Bp.
     Hall. -- Pur"pose*less*ness, n.

                                   Purposely

     Pur"pose*ly,  adv.  With  purpose  or  design;  intentionally; with
     predetermination; designedly.

     In composing this discourse, I purposely declined all offensive and
     displeasing truths. Atterbury.

     So  much  they  scorn  the  crowd,  that if the throng By chance go
     right, they purposely go wrong. Pope.

                                   Purposer

     Pur"pos*er (?), n.

     1. One who brings forward or proposes anything; a proposer. [Obs.]

     2. One who forms a purpose; one who intends.

                                   Purposive

     Pur"po*sive  (?),  a.  Having  or  indicating  purpose  or  design.
     "Purposive characters." Bastian.

     Purposive modification of structure in a bone. Owen.

     It is impossible that the frog should perform actions morepurposive
     than these. Huxley.

                                    Purpre

     Pur"pre (?), n. & a. Purple. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Purpresture

     Pur*pres"ture  (?),  n.  [Probably  corrupted  (see  Prest) fr. OF.
     pourprisure,  fr.  pourprendre: cf. LL. purprestura. Cf. Purprise.]
     (Law)  Wrongful  encroachment  upon  another's  property; esp., any
     encroachment  upon, or inclosure of, that which should be common or
     public,  as  highways,  rivers,  harbors, forts, etc. [Written also
     pourpresture.]

                                   Purprise

     Pur"prise  (?),  n.  [OF.  pourpris,fr.  pourprendre  to  take away
     entirely;  pour  for  + prendre to take.] A close or inclosure; the
     compass of a manor. Bacon.

                                    Purpura

     Pur"pu*ra  (?),  n.  [L.,  purple, purple fish: cf. F. purpura. See
     Purple.]

     1.  (Med.)  A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin from
     extravasated  blood,  with  loss  of muscular strength, pain in the
     limbs, and mental dejection; the purples. Dunglison.

     2.  (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough
     and thick shell. Some species yield a purple dye.

                                   Purpurate

     Pur"pu*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to purpura.

                                   Purpurate

     Pur"pu*rate, n. (Chem.) A salt of purpuric acid.

                                    Purpure

     Pur"pure (?), n. [L. purpura purple. See Purple.] (Her.) Purple, --
     represented in engraving by diagonal lines declining from the right
     top  to  the left base of the escutcheon (or from sinister chief to
     dexter base).

                                   Purpureal

     Pur*pu"re*al (?), a. Of a purple color; purple.

                                   Purpureo-

     Pur*pu"re*o-  (?).  A  combining  form  signifying  of  a purple or
     purple-red  color.  Specif.  (Chem.),  used  in designating certain
     brilliant  purple-red  compounds  of cobaltic chloride and ammonia,
     similar to the roseocobaltic compounds. See Cobaltic.
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     Page 1166

                                   Purpuric

     Pur*pu"ric (?), a. [Cf. F. purpurique.]

     1. (Med.) Of or pertaining to purpura. Dunglison.

     2.  (Chem.)  Pertaining  to  or  designating,  a  nitrogenous  acid
     contained  in  uric  acid.  It  is not known in the pure state, but
     forms  well-known  purple-red  compounds  (as murexide), whence its
     name.

     NOTE: &hand; Pu rpuric acid was formerly used to designate murexan.
     See Murexan.

                                   Pyrpurin

     Pyr"pu*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in
     madder  root,  and  extracted  as  an  orange  or  red  crystalline
     substance.

                                 Pyrpuriparous

     Pyr`pu*rip"a*rous  (?), a. [L. purpura purple + parere to produce.]
     (Biol.)  Producing,  or connected with, a purple-colored secretion;
     as, the purpuriparous gland of certain gastropods.

                                 Purpurogenous

     Pur`pu*rog"e*nous  (?),  a.  [L. purpura purple + -genous.] (Biol.)
     Having  the  power to produce a purple color; as, the purpurogenous
     membrane,  or  choroidal epithelium, of the eye. See Visual purple,
     under Visual.

                                     Purr

     Purr (?), v. i. & t. To murmur as a cat. See Pur.

                                     Purr

     Purr, n. The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See Pur.

                                     Purre

     Purre (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dunlin. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Purree

     Pur"ree  (?),  n.  [Hind.  peori yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow coloring
     matter. See Euxanthin.

                                    Purrock

     Pur"rock (?), n. See Puddock, and Parrock.

                                     Purse

     Purse (?), n. [OE. purs, pors, OF. burse, borse, bourse, F. bourse,
     LL. bursa, fr. Gr. Bourse, Bursch, Bursar, Buskin.]

     1.  A  small  bag  or  pouch,  the opening of which is made to draw
     together  closely,  used  to  carry  money  in;  by  extension, any
     receptacle for money carried on the person; a wallet; a pocketbook;
     a portemonnaie. Chaucer.

     Who steals my purse steals trash. Shak.

     2. Hence, a treasury; finances; as, the public purse.

     3.  A  sum  of money offered as a prize, or collected as a present;
     as, to win the purse; to make up a purse.

     4.  A  specific  sum  of  money;  as: (a) In Turkey, the sum of 500
     piasters. (b) In Persia, the sum of 50 tomans.

   Light  purse,  OR  Empty  purse, poverty or want of resources. -- Long
   purse,  OR  Heavy purse, wealth; riches. -- Purse crab (Zo\'94l.), any
   land  crab  of  the  genus  Birgus,  allied  to the hermit crabs. They
   sometimes weigh twenty pounds or more, and are very strong, being able
   to  crack  cocoanuts  with  the  large  claw. They chiefly inhabit the
   tropical islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, living in holes and
   feeding  upon  fruit.  Called  also palm crab. -- Purse net, a fishing
   net,  the mouth of which may be closed or drawn together like a purse.
   Mortimer.  Purse  pride, pride of money; insolence proceeding from the
   possession  of  wealth.  Bp. Hall. -- Purse rat. (Zo\'94l.) See Pocket
   gopher,  under  Pocket.  --  Sword  and  purse, the military power and
   financial resources of a nation.

                                     Purse

   Purse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pursing.]

   1. To put into a purse.

     I will go and purse the ducats straight. Shak.

   2.  To draw up or contract into folds or wrinkles, like the mouth of a
   purse; to pucker; to knit.

     Thou . . . didst contract and purse thy brow. Shak.

                                     Purse

   Purse, v. i. To steal purses; to rob. [Obs. & R.]

     I'll purse: . . . I'll bet at bowling alleys. Beau. & Fl.

                                   Purseful

   Purse"ful  (?), n.; pl. Pursefuls (. All that is, or can be, contained
   in a purse; enough to fill a purse.

                                  Purse-proud

   Purse"-proud`  (?),  a.  Affected with purse pride; puffed up with the
   possession of riches.

                                    Purser

   Purs"er (?), n. [See Purse, and cf. Bursar.]

   1.  (Naut.)  A  commissioned officer in the navy who had charge of the
   provisions,  clothing,  and  public moneys on shipboard; -- now called
   paymaster.

   2.  A  clerk  on  steam passenger vessels whose duty it is to keep the
   accounts of the vessels, such as the receipt of freight, tickets, etc.

   3. Colloquially, any paymaster or cashier.
   Purser's name (Naut.), a false name. [Slang]

                                  Pursership

   Purs"er*ship, n. The office of purser. Totten.

                                    Purset

   Purs"et (?), n. A purse or purse net. B. Jonson.

                                   Pursiness

   Pur"si*ness (?), n. State of being pursy.

                                    Pursive

   Pur"sive (?), a. Pursy. [Obs.] Holland.

                                  Pursiveness

   Pur"sive*ness, n. Pursiness. [Obs. & R.]

                                   Purslain

   Purs"lain (?), n. Same as Purslane.

                                   Purslane

   Purs"lane  (?),  n. [OF. porcelaine, pourcelaine (cf. It. porcellana),
   corrupted  fr.  L.  porcilaca  for  portulaca.] (Bot.) An annual plant
   (Portulaca   oleracea),   with   fleshy,  succulent,  obovate  leaves,
   sometimes used as a pot herb and for salads, garnishing, and pickling.
   Flowering   purslane,   OR  Great  flowered  purslane,  the  Portulaca
   grandiflora.  See  Portulaca.  -- Purslane tree, a South African shrub
   (Portulacaria Afra) with many small opposite fleshy obovate leaves. --
   Sea  purslane,  a  seashore  plant  (Arenaria  peploides) with crowded
   opposite  fleshy leaves. -- Water purslane, an aquatic plant (Ludwiqia
   palustris) but slightly resembling purslane.

                                   Pursuable

   Pur*su"a*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of  being,  or  fit  to  be, pursued,
   followed, or prosecuted. Sherwood.

                                    Pursual

   Pur*su"al (?), n. The act of pursuit. [R.]

                                   Pursuance

   Pur*su"ance (?), n. [See Pursuant.]

   1. The act of pursuing or prosecuting; a following out or after.

     Sermons  are  not  like  curious  inquiries after new nothings, but
     pursuances of old truths. Jer. Taylor.

   2. The state of being pursuant; consequence.
   In pursuance of, in accordance with; in prosecution or fulfillment of.

                                   Pursuant

   Pur*su"ant  (?), a. [From Pursue: cf. OE. poursuiant. Cf. Pursuivant.]
   Acting   in  consequence  or  in  prosecution  (of  anything);  hence,
   agreeable; conformable; following; according; -- with to or of.

     The  conclusion  which  I draw from these premises, pursuant to the
     query laid down, is, etc. Waterland.

                             Pursuant, Pursuantly

   Pur*su"ant, Pur*su"ant*ly, adv. Agreeably; conformably.

                                    Pursue

   Pur*sue"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Pursued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Pursuing.]  [OE. pursuen, porsuen, OF. porsivre, poursuivre, poursuir,
   F.  poursuivre,  fr.  L.  prosequi; pro forward + sequi to follow. See
   Sue, and cf. Prosecute, Pursuivant.]

   1.  To  follow  with  a  view  to overtake; to follow eagerly, or with
   haste; to chase; as, to pursue a hare.

     We happiness pursue; we fly from pain. Prior.

     The   happiness  of  men  lies  in  purswing,  Not  in  possessing.
     Longfellow.

   2. To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain; as, to pursue a remedy
   at law.

     The fame of ancient matrons you pursue. Dryden.

   3.  To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to
   go  in;  as,  Captain  Cook  pursued  a  new route; the administration
   pursued a wise course.

   4.  To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue. " Insatiate to pursue
   vain war." Milton.

   5. To follow as an example; to imitate.

   6. To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account.

     The  servant is not greater than his lord. If they have pursued me,
     they shall pursue you also. Wyclif (John xv. 20).

   Syn. -- To follow; chase; seek; persist. See Follow.

                                    Pursue

   Pur*sue", v. i.

   1. To go in pursuit; to follow.

     The wicked flee when no man pursueth. Prov. xxviii. 1.

     Men hotly pursued after the objects of their ambition. Earle.

   2.  To  go  on;  to  proceed,  especially in argument or discourse; to
   continue.

     NOTE: [A Gallicism]

     I  have,  pursues Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider.
     Boyle.

   3. (Law) To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act
   as a prosecutor. Burrill.

                                    Pursuer

   Pur*su"er (?), n.

   1. One who pursues or chases; one who follows in haste, with a view to
   overtake.

   2. (Eccl. & Scots Law) A plaintiff; a prosecutor.

                                    Pursuit

   Pur*suit" (?), n. [F. poursuite, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, v. t.]

   1.  The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste,
   either  for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the pursuit
   of game; the pursuit of an enemy. Clarendon.

     Weak we are, and can not shun pursuit. Shak.

   2.  A  following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor
   to  attain  to  or  gain; as, the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of
   happiness or pleasure.

   3.  Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view
   to same end; as, mercantile pursuits; a literary pursuit.

   4. (Law) Prosecution. [Obs.]

     That  pursuit  for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to
     the spiritual court. Fuller.

   Curve  of  pursuit  (Geom.),  a curve described by a point which is at
   each  instant  moving  towards  a second point, which is itself moving
   according to some specified law.

                                  Pursuivant

   Pur"sui*vant  (?), n. [F. poursuivant, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, and
   cf. Pursuant.] [Written also poursuivant.]

   1.  (Heralds'  College) A functionary of lower rank than a herald, but
   discharging  similar  duties;  --  called  also pursuivant at arms; an
   attendant of the heralds. Also used figuratively.

     The  herald  Hope,  forerunning  Fear,  And Fear, the pursuivant of
     Hope. Longfellow.

   2. The king's messenger; a state messenger.

     One  pursuivant  who  attempted  to  execute  a  warrant  there was
     murdered. Macaulay.

                                  Pursuivant

   Pur"sui*vant, v. t. To pursue. [Obs. & R.]

     Their navy was pursuivanted after with a horrible tempest. Fuller.

                                     Pursy

   Pur"sy  (?),  a.  [OF. pourcif, poulsif, poussif, fr. pousser to push,
   thrust, heave, OF. also poulser: cf. F. pousse the heaves, asthma. See
   Push.]  Fat  and  short-breathed;  fat, short, and thick; swelled with
   pampering; as, pursy insolence. Shak.

     Pursy important he sat him down. Sir W. Scot.

                                  Purtenance

   Pur"te*nance  (?),  n. [Abbrev. fr. appurtenance.] That which pertains
   or  belongs  to  something;  esp.,  the  heard, liver, and lungs of an
   animal. [Obs.] " The purtenaunces of purgatory." Piers Plowman.

     Roast  [it]  with  fire,  his  head  with  his  legs,  and with the
     purtenance [Rev. Ver., inwards] thereof. Ex. xii. 9.

                             Purrulence, Purulency

   Pur"ru*lence   (?),  Pu"ru*len*cy  (?),  n.  [L.  purulentia:  cf.  F.
   purulence.]  (Med.)  The  quality  or  state  of  being  purulent; the
   generation of pus; also, the pus itself. Arbuthnot.

                                   Purulent

   Pu"ru*lent (?), a. [L. purulentus, fr. pus, puris, pus, matter: cf. F.
   purulent.  See Pus.] (Med.) Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of
   the   nature   of   pus;   attended  with  suppuration;  as,  purulent
   inflammation.<-- sic. What kind of "matter"? -->

                                  Purulently

   Pu"ru*lent*ly, v. In a purulent manner.

                            Purveance, Purveiaunce

   Pur"ve*ance (?), Pur"vei*aunce` (?), n. Purveyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Purvey

   Pur*vey"  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p.  p. Purveyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Purveying.]  [OE.  purveien,  porveien,  OF.  porveeir,  porveoir,  F.
   pourvoir, fr. L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.]

   1.  To  furnish  or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the
   like.

     Give  no  odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before
     that bloody day. Spenser.

   2. To procure; to get.

     I  mean  to  purvey  me a wife after the fashion of the children of
     Benjamin. Sir W. Scot.

                                    Purvey

   Pur*vey", v. i.

   1.  To  purchase  provisions;  to provide; to make provision. Chaucer.
   Milton.

   2.  To pander; -- with to. " Their turpitude purveys to their malice."
   [R.] Burke.

                                  Purveyance

   Pur*vey"ance (?), n. [Cf. F. pourvoyance.]

   1.   The  act  or  process  of  providing  or  procuring;  providence;
   foresight; preparation; management. Chaucer.

     The ill purveyance of his page. Spenser.

   2. That which is provided; provisions; food.

   3. (Eng. Law) A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them
   at  an  appraised  value in preference to all others, and oven without
   the  owner's  consent.  This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has
   long been abolished. Wharton.

                                   Purveyor

   Pur*vey"or  (?),  n.  [OE.  porveour, OF. pourveor, F. pourvoyeur. See
   Purvey, and cf. Proveditor.]

   1.  One  who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision
   for the table; a victualer; a caterer.

   2.  An  officer  who  formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the
   king's household. [Eng.]

   3. a procurer; a pimp; a bawd. Addison.

                                    Purview

   Pur"view  (?),  n. [OF. purveu, pourveu, F. pourvu, provided, p. p. of
   OF. porveoir, F. pourvoir. See Purvey, View, and cf. Proviso.]

   1.  (a)  (Law) The body of a statute, or that part which begins with "
   Be  it  enacted,  "  as  distinguished  from the preamble. Cowell. (b)
   Hence:  The  limit  or  scope  of  a  statute; the whole extent of its
   intention or provisions. Marshall.

     Profanations within the purview of several statutes. Bacon.

   2. Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent.

     In  determining  the extent of information required in the exercise
     of  a  particular  authority,  recourse  must be had to the objects
     within the purview of that authority. Madison.

                                      Pus

   Pus  (?),  n.  [L., akin to Gr. foul: cf. F. pus. See Foul, a.] (Med.)
   The  yellowish  white  opaque creamy matter produced by the process of
   suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated cells floating
   in a clear liquid.

                                    Pusane

   Pu"sane  (?),  n. (Anc. Armor) A piece of armor for the breast; often,
   an  addition  to,  or  re\'89nforcement of. the breastplate; -- called
   also pesane.

                                   Puseyism

   Pu"sey*ism  (?),  n.  (Ch.  of  Eng.)  The principles of Dr. Pusey and
   others  at Oxford, England, as exhibited in various publications, esp.
   in  a series which appeared from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for
   the Times;" tractarianism. See Tractarianism.

                             Puseyistic, Puseyite

   Pu"sey*is"tic (?), Pu"sey*ite (?), a. Of or pertaining to Puseyism.

                                   Puseyite

   Pu"sey*ite, n. One who holds the principles of Puseyism; -- often used
   opprobriously.

                                     Push

   Push  (?),  n.  [Probably  F.  poche. See Pouch.] A pustule; a pimple.
   [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bacon.

                                     Push

   Push,  v.  t. [imp. & p. p. Pushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pushing.] [OE.
   possen,  pussen,  F.  pousser, fr. L. pulsare, v. intens. fr. pellere,
   pulsum, to beat, knock, push. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pursy.]

   1.  To  press  against  with  force; to drive or impel by pressure; to
   endeavor  to drive by steady pressure, without striking; -- opposed to
   draw.

     Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat. Milton.

   2. To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore.

     If  the  ox  shall  push  a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox
     shall be stoned. Ex. xxi. 32.

   3. To press or urge forward; to drive; to push an objection too far. "
   To push his fortune." Dryden.

     Ambition  pushes  the  soul  to  such actions as are apt to procure
     honor to the actor. Spectator.

     We are pushed for an answer. Swift.

   4. To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass.

   5. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease.
   To push down, to overthrow by pushing or impulse.

                                     Push

   Push, v. i.

   1.  To  make  a thrust; to shove; as, to push with the horns or with a
   sword. Shak.

   2.  To  make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; as, a man
   must push in order to succeed.

     At  the time of the end shall the kind of the south push at him and
     the king of the north shall come against him. Dan. xi. 40.

     War  seemed  asleep  for  nine  long  years;  at  length Both sides
     resolved to push, we tried our strength. Dryden.

   3. To burst pot, as a bud or shoot.
   To push on, to drive or urge forward; to hasten.

     The rider pushed on at a rapid pace. Sir W. Scott.

                                     Push

   Push, n.

   1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing.

   2. Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a shove;
   as, to give the ball the first push.

   3.  An  assault  or  attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or
   occasion for action.

     Exact reformation is not perfected at the first push. Milton.

     hen it comes to the push, tic no more than talk. L' Estrange.

   4.  The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; as, he has
   push, or he has no push. [Colloq.] Syn. -- See Thrust.

                                    Pusher

   Push"er  (?),  n. One who, or that which, pushes. <-- 2. One who sells
   illegal  drugs,  esp.  one  who  tries  to convince others to use such
   drugs. -->

                                    Pushing

   Push"ing,  a.  Pressing  forward  in  business; enterprising; driving;
   energetic; also, forward; officious, intrusive. -- Push"ing*ly, adv.

                                    Pushpin

   Push"pin` (?), n. A child's game played with pins. L. Estrange.

                                     Pusil

   Pu"sil  (?),  a. [L. pusillus very little.] Very small; little; petty.
   [Obs.] Bacon.

                                 Pusillanimity

   Pu`sil*la*nim"i*ty    (?),    n.    [L.    pusillanimitas:    cf.   F.
   pusillanimit\'82.]  The  quality  of  being pusillanimous; weakness of
   spirit; cowardliness.

     The badge of pusillanimity and cowardice. Shak.

     It   is   obvious  to  distinguished  between  an  act  of  .  .  .
     pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or humility. South.

   Syn. -- Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity.

                                 Pusillanimous

   Pu`sil*lan"i*mous  (?),  a.  [L.  pusillannimis;  pusillus very little
   (dim.  of pusus a little boy; cf. puer a boy, E. puerile) + animus the
   mind: cf. F. pusillanime. See Animosity.]

   1.  Destitute  of a manly or courageous strength and firmness of mind;
   of  weak  spirit;  mean-spirited;  spiritless;  cowardly;  --  said of
   persons, as, a pussillanimous prince.
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   2.  Evincing,  or  characterized  by,  weakness  of  mind, and want of
   courage;  feeble; as, pusillanimous counsels. "A low and pusillanimous
   spirit."   Burke.   Syn.   --   Cowardly;   dastardly;  mean-spirited;
   fainthearted; timid; weak; feeble.

                                Pusillanimously

   Pu`sil*lan"i*mous*ly (?), adv. With pusillanimity.

                                    Pusley

   Pus"ley (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Colloq. U. S]

                                     Puss

   Puss (p&usdot;s), n. [Cf. D. poes, Ir. & Gael. pus.]

   1. A cat; -- a fondling appellation.

   2. A hare; -- so called by sportsmen.
   Puss  in  the  corner,  a game in which all the players but one occupy
   corners  of  a  room,  or  certain goals in the open air, and exchange
   places,  the one without a corner endeavoring to get a corner while it
   is  vacant,  leaving  some other without one. -- Puss moth (Zo\'94l.),
   any  one  of  several  species  of  stout  bombycid moths belonging to
   Cerura,  Harpyia,  and  allied genera, esp. Harpyia vinuli, of Europe.
   The larv\'91 are humpbacked, and have two caudal appendages.

                                     Pussy

   Pussy (?), n. [Dim. of puss.]

   1. A pet name for a cat; also, an endearing name for a girl.

   2. A catkin of the pussy willow.

   3. The game of tipcat; -- also called pussy cat.
   Pussy  willow  (Bot.),  any  kind  of  willow having large cylindrical
   catkins  clothed with long glossy hairs, especially the American Salix
   discolor; -- called also glaucous willow, and swamp willow.

                                     Pussy

   Pus"sy (?), a. See Pursy. [Colloq. or Low]

                                   Pustulant

   Pus"tu*lant  (?;  135), a. [L. pustulans, p. pr. See Pustulate, v. t.]
   (Med.) Producing pustules. -- n. A medicine that produces pustules, as
   croton oil.

                                   Pustular

   Pus"tu*lar  (?),  a.  1.  Of  or  pertaining to pustules; as, pustular
   prominences; pustular eruptions.

   2. Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustulate.

                                   Pustulate

   Pus"tu*late  (?), v. t. [L. pustulatus, p. p. of pustulare to blister,
   fr. pustula. See Pustule.] To form into pustules, or blisters.

                             Pustulate, Pustulated

   Pus"tu*late  (?),  Pus"tu*la`ted  (?),  a.  Covered  with  pustulelike
   prominences;  pustular;  pustulous;  as, a pustulate leaf; a pustulate
   shell or coral.

                                  Pustulation

   Pus*tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. pustulatio.] The act of producing pustules;
   the state of being pustulated.

                                    Pustule

   Pus"tule (?; 135), n. [L. pustula, and pusula: cf. F. pustule.] (Med.)
   A  vesicle  or  an  elevation  of  the  cuticle with an inflamed base,
   containing pus. Malignant pustule. See under Malignant.

                                   Pustulous

   Pus"tu*lous  (?),  a.  [L.  pustulosus,  fr. pustula a pustule: cf. F.
   pustuleux.]   Resembling,   or   covered  with,  pustules;  pustulate;
   pustular.

                                      Put

   Put (?), n. [See Pit.] A pit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                      Put

   Put,  obs.  3d  pers.  sing.  pres.  of  Put, contracted from putteth.
   Chaucer.

                                      Put

   Put  (?),  n.  [Cf.  W.  pwt  any short thing, pwt o ddyn a squab of a
   person,  pwtog a short, thick woman.] A rustic; a clown; an awkward or
   uncouth person.

     Queer country puts extol Queen Bess's reign. Bramston.

     What droll puts the citizens seem in it all. F. Harrison.

                                      Put

   Put  (?),  v.  t.  [imp.  &  p. p. Put; p. pr. & vb. n. Putting.] [AS.
   potian  to  thrust:  cf. Dan. putte to put, to put into, Fries. putje;
   perh.  akin  to  W. pwtio to butt, poke, thrust; cf. also Gael. put to
   push, thrust, and E. potter, v. i.]

   1.  To  move in any direction; to impel; to thrust; to push; -- nearly
   obsolete,  except  with  adverbs,  as  with  by (to put by = to thrust
   aside; to divert); or with forth (to put forth = to thrust out).

     His  chief  designs  are  .  .  . to put thee by from thy spiritual
     employment. Jer. Taylor.

   2.  To  bring  to  a  position  or  place;  to  place; to lay; to set;
   figuratively,  to  cause  to  be  or  exist  in  a specified relation,
   condition,  or  the  like;  to  bring  to  a  stated  mental  or moral
   condition; as, to put one in fear; to put a theory in practice; to put
   an enemy to fight.

     This present dignity, In which that I have put you. Chaucer.

     I will put enmity between thee and the woman. Gen. iii. 15.

     He put no trust in his servants. Job iv. 18.

     When  God  into the hands of their deliverer Puts invincible might.
     Milton.

     In the mean time other measures were put in operation. Sparks.

   3.  To attach or attribute; to assign; as, to put a wrong construction
   on an act or expression.

   4. To lay down; to give up; to surrender. [Obs.]

     No  man  hath  more love than this, that a man put his life for his
     friends. Wyclif (John xv. 13).

   5.  To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring
   to  the  attention;  to  offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to
   assume; to suppose; -- formerly sometimes followed by that introducing
   a proposition; as, to put a question; to put a case.

     Let us now put that ye have leave. Chaucer.

     Put the perception and you put the mind. Berkeley.

     These verses, originally Greek, were put in Latin. Milton.

     All this is ingeniously and ably put. Hare.

   6. To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige.

     These wretches put us upon all mischief. Swift.

     Put me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense. Sir W. Scott.

     Thank him who puts me, loath, to this revenge. Milton.

   7.  To  throw or cast with a pushing motion "overhand," the hand being
   raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; as, to put the shot
   or weight.

   8.  (Mining)  To  convey  coal in the mine, as from the working to the
   tramway. Raymond.
   Put  case,  formerly, an elliptical expression for, put or suppose the
   case to be.
   
     Put  case that the soul after departure from the body may live. Bp.
     Hall.
     
   --  To put about (Naut.), to turn, or change the course of, as a ship.
   -- To put away. (a) To renounce; to discard; to expel. (b) To divorce.
   --  To put back. (a) To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder; to
   delay. (b) To refuse; to deny.

     Coming from thee, I could not put him back. Shak.

   (c)  To  set,  as  the  hands  of  a clock, to an earlier hour. (d) To
   restore  to the original place; to replace. -- To put by. (a) To turn,
   set, or thrust, aside. "Smiling put the question by." Tennyson. (b) To
   lay  aside;  to keep; to sore up; as, to put by money. -- To put down.
   (a)  To  lay down; to deposit; to set down. (b) To lower; to diminish;
   as,  to put down prices. (c) To deprive of position or power; to put a
   stop  to;  to  suppress;  to  abolish;  to  confute;  as,  to put down
   rebellion of traitors.

     Mark, how a plain tale shall put you down. Shak.

     Sugar hath put down the use of honey. Bacon.

   (d)  To subscribe; as, to put down one's name. -- To put forth. (a) To
   thrust  out; to extend, as the hand; to cause to come or push out; as,
   a  tree  puts forth leaves. (b) To make manifest; to develop; also, to
   bring  into  action;  to  exert;  as,  to  put  forth strength. (c) To
   propose,  as  a question, a riddle, and the like. (d) To publish, as a
   book.  --  To  put forward. (a) To advance to a position of prominence
   responsibility; to promote. (b) To cause to make progress; to aid. (c)
   To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour. -- To put in. (a) To
   introduce  among  others;  to  insert;  sometimes,  to  introduce with
   difficulty;  as,  to  put  in a word while others are discoursing. (b)
   (Naut.) To conduct into a harbor, as a ship. (c) (Law) To place in due
   form  before  a court; to place among the records of a court. Burrill.
   (d)  (Med.)  To restore, as a dislocated part, to its place. -- To put
   off.  (a)  To lay aside; to discard; as, to put off a robe; to put off
   mortality.  "Put  off thy shoes from off thy feet." Ex. iii. 5. (b) To
   turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to baffle.

     I  hoped  for  a  demonstration, but Themistius hoped to put me off
     with an harangue. Boyle.

     We might put him off with this answer. Bentley.

   (c) To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, to put off repentance. (d) To
   get  rid  of;  to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; as, to
   put  off  a  counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory<-- = to pass off
   -->.  (e)  To  push  from land; as, to put off a boat. -- To put on OR
   upon. (a) To invest one's self with, as clothes; to assume. "Mercury .
   .  . put on the shape of a man." L'Estrange. (b) To impute (something)
   to;  to  charge  upon;  as,  to  put  blame on or upon another. (c) To
   advance;  to  promote.  [Obs.]  "This  came  handsomely  to put on the
   peace."  Bacon. (d) To impose; to inflict. "That which thou puttest on
   me,  will  I  bear."  2  Kings  xviii. 14. (e) To apply; as, to put on
   workmen;  to  put on steam. (f) To deceive; to trick. "The stork found
   he  was  put  upon."  L'Estrange.  (g)  To  place  upon, as a means or
   condition; as, he put him upon bread and water. "This caution will put
   them  upon  considering." Locke. (h) (Law) To rest upon; to submit to;
   as,  a  defendant  puts himself on or upon the country. Burrill. -- To
   put  out. (a) To eject; as, to put out and intruder. (b) To put forth;
   to  shoot,  as  a  bud, or sprout. (c) To extinguish; as, to put out a
   candle,  light, or fire. (d) To place at interest; to loan; as, to put
   out  funds. (e) To provoke, as by insult; to displease; to vex; as, he
   was  put out by my reply. [Colloq.] (f) To protrude; to stretch forth;
   as,  to  put  out the hand. (g) To publish; to make public; as, to put
   out  a  pamphlet.  (h) To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; as, to
   put  one out in reading or speaking. (i) (Law) To open; as, to put out
   lights,  that is, to open or cut windows. Burrill. (j) (Med.) To place
   out  of joint; to dislocate; as, to put out the ankle. (k) To cause to
   cease  playing, or to prevent from playing longer in a certain inning,
   as  in base ball. -- To put over. (a) To place (some one) in authority
   over; as, to put a general over a division of an army. (b) To refer.

     For  the certain knowledge of that knowledge of that truth< put you
     o'er to heaven and to my mother. Shak.

   (c)  To  defer;  to  postpone; as, the court put over the cause to the
   next  term. (d) To transfer (a person or thing) across; as, to put one
   over the river. -- To put the hand to or unto. (a) To take hold of, as
   of  an instrument of labor; as, to put the hand to the plow; hence, to
   engage in (any task or affair); as, to put one's hand to the work. (b)
   To  take  or  seize,  as  in theft. "He hath not put his hand unto his
   neighbor's  goods."  Ex.  xxii.  11. -- To put through, to cause to go
   through  all  conditions  or  stages  of a progress; hence, to push to
   completion;   to   accomplish;   as,  he  put  through  a  measure  of
   legislation;  he  put  through a railroad enterprise. [U.S.] -- To put
   to.  (a) To add; to unite; as, to put one sum to another. (b) To refer
   to;  to  expose;  as,  to put the safety of the state to hazard. "That
   dares  not  put  it to the touch." Montrose. (c) To attach (something)
   to;  to  harness beasts to. Dickens. -- To put to a stand, to stop; to
   arrest  by obstacles or difficulties. -- To put to bed. (a) To undress
   and place in bed, as a child. (b) To deliver in, or to make ready for,
   childbirth.  --  To  put  to  death,  to  kill. -- To put together, to
   attach; to aggregate; to unite in one. -- To put this and that (or two
   and two) together, to draw an inference; to form a correct conclusion.
   --  To  put  to  it,  to  distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give
   difficulty  to.  "O gentle lady, do not put me to 't." Shak. -- To put
   to  rights,  to arrange in proper order; to settle or compose rightly.
   --  To put to the sword, to kill with the sword; to slay. -- To put to
   trial, or on trial, to bring to a test; to try. -- To put trust in, to
   confide  in;  to  repose  confidence  in.  --  To  put up. (a) To pass
   unavenged;  to  overlook; not to punish or resent; to put up with; as,
   to  put  up  indignities. [Obs.] "Such national injuries are not to be
   put up." Addison. (b) To send forth or upward; as, to put up goods for
   sale.  (d)  To  start from a cover, as game. "She has been frightened;
   she has been put up." C. Kingsley. (e) To hoard. "Himself never put up
   any  of the rent." Spelman. (f) To lay side or preserve; to pack away;
   to  store;  to pickle; as, to put up pork, beef, or fish. (g) To place
   out  of  sight,  or  away; to put in its proper place; as, put up that
   letter.  Shak.  (h) To incite; to instigate; -- followed by to; as, he
   put  the  lad up to mischief. (i) To raise; to erect; to build; as, to
   put  up  a tent, or a house. (j) To lodge; to entertain; as, to put up
   travelers.  --  To put up a job, to arrange a plot. [Slang] Syn. -- To
   place;  set;  lay; cause; produce; propose; state. -- Put, Lay, Place,
   Set.  These  words  agree  in  the idea of fixing the position of some
   object,  and  are  often  used  interchangeably.  To  put is the least
   definite,  denoting  merely  to  move  to  a  place. To place has more
   particular reference to the precise location, as to put with care in a
   certain  or  proper  place. To set or to lay may be used when there is
   special reference to the position of the object.

                                      Put

   Put (put; often p&ucr;t in def. 3), v. i.

   1. To go or move; as, when the air first puts up. [Obs.] Bacon.

   2. To steer; to direct one's course; to go.

     His fury thus appeased, he puts to land. Dryden.

   3. To play a card or a hand in the game called put.
   To  put  about  (Naut.),  to change direction; to tack. -- To put back
   (Naut.),  to  turn  back; to return. "The French . . . had put back to
   Toulon."  Southey.  --  To put forth. (a) To shoot, bud, or germinate.
   "Take  earth  from under walls where nettles put forth." Bacon. (b) To
   leave a port or haven, as a ship. Shak. -- To put in (Naut.), to enter
   a  harbor;  to sail into port. -- To put in for. (a) To make a request
   or claim; as, to put in for a share of profits. (b) To go into covert;
   --  said  of  a bird escaping from a hawk. (c) To offer one's self; to
   stand as a candidate for. Locke. -- To put off, to go away; to depart;
   esp.,  to leave land, as a ship; to move from the shore. -- To put on,
   to hasten motion; to drive vehemently. -- To put over (Naut.), to sail
   over  or  across.  --  To  put to sea (Naut.), to set sail; to begin a
   voyage; to advance into the ocean. -- To put up. (a) To take lodgings;
   to  lodge.  (b) To offer one's self as a candidate. L'Estrange.<-- put
   up or shut up --> -- To put up to, to advance to. [Obs.] "With this he
   put  up  to  my  lord."  Swift. -- To put up with. (a) To overlook, or
   suffer  without  recompense,  punishment, or resentment; as, to put up
   with an injury or affront. (b) To take without opposition or expressed
   dissatisfaction; to endure; as, to put up with bad fare.
   
                                      Put
                                       
   Put (?), n. 

   1.  The  act  of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a push; as,
   the put of a ball. "A forced put." L'Estrange.

   2. A certain game at cards. Young.

   3.  A  privilege which one party buys of another to "put" (deliver) to
   him  a  certain  amount  of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and
   date. [Brokers' Cant]

     A  put  and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of
     which  may  either  buy  or  sell as he chooses at the fixed price.
     Johnson's Cyc.

                                      Put

   Put (?), n. [OF. pute.] A prostitute. [Obs.]

                                    Putage

   Pu"tage  (?;  48), n. [OF. putage.] Prostitution or fornication on the
   part of a woman.

                                    Putamen

   Pu*ta"men (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) The shell of a nut; the stone of a drupe
   fruit. See Endocarp.

                                   Putanism

   Pu"tan*ism  (?),  n.  [F.  putanisme,  fr.  putain  harlot.]  Habitual
   lewdness or prostitution of a woman; harlotry.

                                   Putative

   Pu"ta*tive  (?),  a.  [L.  putativus,  fr. putare, putatum, to reckon,
   suppose,  adjust, prune, cleanse. See Pure, and cf. Amputate, Compute,
   Dispute,  Impute.]  Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; as,
   the  putative  father  of a child. "His other putative (I dare not say
   feigned) friends." E. Hall.

     Thus  things  indifferent,  being  esteemed useful or pious, became
     customary,  and then came for reverence into a putative and usurped
     authority. Jer. Taylor.

                                   Putchuck

   Put*chuck" (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pachak.

                                    Puteal

   Pu"te*al   (?),  n.  [L.,  fr.  puteus  well.]  (Arch.)  An  inclosure
   surrounding  a  well  to  prevent persons from falling into it; a well
   curb. Weale.

                                    Puteli

   Put"e*li (?), n. Same as Patela.

                                    Putery

   Pu"ter*y, n. [OF. puterie.] Putage. [Obs.]

                                     Putid

   Pu"tid (?), a. [L. putidus: cf. F. putide. Cf. Putrid.] Rotten; fetid;
   stinking; base; worthless. Jer. Taylor. "Thy putid muse." Dr. H. More.

                              Putidity, Putidness

   Pu*tid"i*ty  (?),  Pu"tid*ness  (?),  n. The quality or state of being
   putrid.

                                    Putlog

   Put"log`  (?;  277),  n.  (Arch.) One of the short pieces of timber on
   which  the planks forming the floor of a scaffold are laid, -- one end
   resting on the ledger of the scaffold, and the other in a hole left in
   the wall temporarily for the purpose. Oxf. Gloss.

                                    Put-off

   Put"-off`  (?;  115),  n. A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an
   excuse. L'Estrange.

                                    Putour

   Pu"tour  (?),  n.  [See  Put  a  prostitute.] A keeper of a brothel; a
   procurer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                  Putredinous

   Pu*tred"i*nous  (?),  a.  [L.  putredo  rottenness,  fr. putrere to be
   rotten. See Putrid.] Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the
   putrefactive process; having an offensive smell; stinking; rotten.

                                 Putrefaction

   Pu`tre*fac"tion  (?),  n. [L. putrefactio: cf. F. putr\'82faction. See
   Putrefy.]

   1.  The  act  or  the  process  of  putrefying; the offensive decay of
   albuminous or other matter.

     NOTE: &hand; Pu trefaction is  a  co mplex ph enomenon in volving a
     multiplicity  of  chemical  reactions,  always  accompanied by, and
     without   doubt   caused   by,   bacteria   and  vibriones;  hence,
     putrefaction  is  a  form  of fermentation, and is sometimes called
     putrefaction  fermentative.  Putrefaction  is  not  possible  under
     conditions  that preclude the development of living organisms. Many
     of  the  products  of  putrefaction  are  powerful poisons, and are
     called cadaveric poisons, or ptoma\'8bnes.

   2.  The  condition  of  being  putrefied;  also, that which putrefied.
   "Putrefaction's breath." Shelley.

                                 Putrefactive

   Pu`tre*fac"tive (?), a. [Cf. putr\'82factif. See Putrefy.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to putrefaction; as, the putrefactive smell or
   process. Wiseman.

   2.    Causing,    or    tending    to    promote,   putrefaction.   --
   Pu``tre*fac"tive*ness, n.

                                    Putrefy

   Pu"tre*fy  (?),  v. t. [Written also putrify.] [imp. & p. p. Putrefied
   (;  p.  pr. & vb. n. Putrefying (.] [F. putr\'82fier; L. putrere to be
   rotten  + -ficare (in. comp.) to make; cf. L. putrefacere. See Putrid,
   and -fy.]

   1.  To  render  putrid;  to cause to decay offensively; to cause to be
   decomposed; to cause to rot.

   2. To corrupt; to make foul.

     Private suits do putrefy the public good. Bacon.

     They would but stink, and putrefy the air. Shak.

   3.  To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous; as, to putrefy an ulcer or
   wound.

                                    Putrefy

   Pu"tre*fy,  v. i. To become putrid; to decay offensively; to rot. Isa.
   1. 6.

                                  Putrescence

   Pu*tres"cence  (?),  n.  The  state  of  being  putrescent; putrescent
   matter.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1168

                                  Putrescent

   Pu*tres"cent  (?),  a.  [L.  putrescens,  p.  pr.of putrescere to grow
   rotten, v. incho. fr. putrere to be rotten. See Putrid.]

   1. Becoming putrid or rotten.

     Externally powerful, although putrescent at the core. Motley.

   2.  Of  or pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as, a putrescent
   smell.

                                  Putrescible

   Pu*tres"ci*ble  (?),  a.  Capable  of  putrefaction;  liable to become
   putrid; as, putrescible substances.

                                  Putrescible

   Pu*tres"ci*ble,  n.  A substance, usually nitrogenous, which is liable
   to  undergo  decomposition  when  in  contact with air and moisture at
   ordinary temperatures.

                                   Putrescin

   Pu*tres"cin  (?),  n.  (Physiol.  Chem.)  A nontoxic diamine, C4H12N2,
   formed  in  the  putrefaction  of  the flesh of mammals and some other
   animals.

                                    Putrid

   Pu"trid  (?),  a. [L. putridus, fr. putrere to be rotten, fr.puter, or
   putris, rotten, fr. putere to stink, to be rotten: cf. F. putride. See
   Pus, Foul, a.]

   1.  Tending  to decomposition or decay; decomposed; rotten; -- said of
   animal or vegetable matter; as, putrid flesh. See Putrefaction.

   2.  Indicating  or  proceeding  from  a  decayed  state  of  animal or
   vegetable matter; as, a putrid smell.
   Putrid  fever  (Med.), typhus fever; -- so called from the decomposing
   and  offensive  state  of  the discharges and diseased textures of the
   body.  --  Putrid sore throat (Med.), a gangrenous inflammation of the
   fauces and pharynx.

                                   Putridity

   Pu*trid"i*ty  (?),  n.  [Cf.  F.  putridit\'82.]  The quality of being
   putrid; putrefaction; rottenness.

                                  Putridness

   Pu"trid*ness (?), n. Putridity. Floyer.

                                  Putrifacted

   Pu"tri*fac`ted (?), a. [See Putrefy.] Putrefied. [Obs.]

     What vermin bred of putrifacted slime. Marston.

                                 Putrification

   Pu`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Putrefaction.

                                    Putrify

   Pu"tri*fy (?), v. t. & i. To putrefy.

                                   Putrilage

   Pu"tri*lage  (?),  n.  [F. putrilage, L. putrilago putrefaction.] That
   which is undergoing putrefaction; the products of putrefaction.

                                     Putry

   Pu"try (?), a. Putrid. [Obs.] Marston.

                                     Putry

   Pu"try, n. Putage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Putter

   Put"ter (?), n.

   1. One who puts or plates.

   2.  Specifically,  one who pushes the small wagons in a coal mine, and
   the like. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Putter

   Put"ter  (?),  v.  i.  [imp.  &  p.  p.  Puttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
   Puttering.]  [See Potter.] To act inefficiently or idly; to trifle; to
   potter.

                                   Putter-on

   Put"ter-on` (?), n. An instigator. Shak.

                                    Puttier

   Put"ti*er (?), n. One who putties; a glazier.

                                    Putting

   Put"ting  (?),  n. The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the
   hand  raised  or extended from the shoulder; -- originally, a Scottish
   game. Putting stone, a heavy stone used in the game of putting.

                                    Puttock

   Put"tock  (?),  n.  [Cf. Pout a young bird, Poult.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
   European kite. (b) The buzzard. (c) The marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.]

                                    Puttock

   Put"tock, n. (Naut.) See Futtock. [Obs.]

                                     Putty

   Put"ty  (?),  n.  [F.  pot\'82e, fr. pot pot; what was formerly called
   putty  being  a  substance resembling what is now called putty powder,
   and  in  part made of the metal of old pots. See Pot.] A kind of thick
   paste  or cement compounded of whiting, or soft carbonate of lime, and
   linseed  oil,  when  applied  beaten  or kneaded to the consistence of
   dough,  --  used  in fastening glass in sashes, stopping crevices, and
   for  similar  purposes.  Putty  powder, an oxide of tin, or of tin and
   lead  in  various  proportions,  much  used in polishing glass, metal,
   precious stones, etc.

                                     Putty

   Put"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puttied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puttying.] To
   cement, or stop, with putty.

                                  Putty-faced

   Put"ty-faced` (?), a. White-faced; -- used contemptuously. Clarke.

                                   Puttyroot

   Put"ty*root`  (?), n. (Bot.) An American orchidaceous plant (Aplectrum
   hyemale)  which  flowers  in early summer. Its slender naked rootstock
   produces  each  year  a  solid corm, filled with exceedingly glutinous
   matter,  which  sends  up  later a single large oval evergreen plaited
   leaf. Called also Adam-and-Eve.

                                    Put-up

   Put"-up  (?),  a.  Arranged;  plotted; -- in a bad sense; as, a put-up
   job. [Colloq.]

                                      Puy

   Pu"y (?), n. See Poy.

                                    Puzzel

   Puz"zel  (?), n. [Cf. F. pucelle a virgin.] A harlot; a drab; a hussy.
   [Obs.] Shak.

                                    Puzzle

   Puz"zle  (?),  n.  [For  opposal, in the sense of problem. See Oppose,
   Pose, v.]

   1.  Something  which  perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a toy or a
   problem  contrived  for  testing ingenuity; also, something exhibiting
   marvelous skill in making.

   2. The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a puzzle.

                                    Puzzle

   Puz"zle,  v.  t.  [imp.  & p. p. Puzzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puzzling
   (?).]

   1.  To  perplex;  to  confuse;  to  embarrass;  to  put to a stand; to
   nonplus.

     A  very  shrewd  disputant in those points is dexterous in puzzling
     others. Dr. H. More.

     He  is  perpetually  puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders.
     Addison.

   2. To make intricate; to entangle.

     They disentangle from the puzzled skein. Cowper.

     The  ways  of  Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled in mazes, and
     perplexed with error. Addison.

   3.  To  solve  by  ingenuity,  as a puzzle; -- followed by out; as, to
   puzzle  out  a  mystery.  Syn.  --  To  embarrass;  perplex;  confuse;
   bewilder; confound. See Embarrass.

                                    Puzzle

   Puz"zle, v. i.

   1. To be bewildered, or perplexed.

     A puzzling fool, that heeds nothing. L'Estrange.

   2. To work, as at a puzzle; as, to puzzle over a problem.

                                   Puzzledom

   Puz"zle*dom  (?),  n. The domain of puzzles; puzzles, collectively. C.
   Kingsley.

                                 Puzzle-headed

   Puz"zle-head`ed  (?),  a.  Having  the  head full of confused notions.
   Johnson.

                                  Puzzlement

   Puz"zle*ment  (?),  n.  The  state  of being puzzled; perplexity. Miss
   Mitford.

                                    Puzzier

   Puz"zier (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes.

     Hebrew, the general puzzler of old heads. Brome.

                                  Puzzlingly

   Puz"zling*ly (?), adv. In a puzzling manner.

                              Puzzolan, Puzzolana

   Puz"zo*lan (?), Puz`zo*la"na (?), n. See Pozzuolana.

                                   Py\'91mia

   Py*\'91"mi*a  (?),  n.  [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A form of blood poisoning
   produced  by  the  absorption into the blood of morbid matters usually
   originating  in  a wound or local inflammation. It is characterized by
   the  development  of  multiple  abscesses  throughout the body, and is
   attended  with  irregularly recurring chills, fever, profuse sweating,
   and exhaustion.

                                   Py\'91mic

   Py*\'91"mic  (?),  a.  Of or pertaining to py\'91mia; of the nature of
   py\'91mia.

                                 Pycnaspidean

   Pyc`nas*pid"e*an  (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the posterior side of
   the  tarsus  covered  with  small irregular scales; -- said of certain
   birds.

                                   Pycnidium

   Pyc*nid"i*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pycnidia  (#).  [NL.,  fr. Gr. (Bot.) In
   certain  fungi,  a  flask-shaped  cavity from the surface of the inner
   walls of which spores are produced.

                                    Pycnite

   Pyc"nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A massive subcolumnar variety of topaz.

                                   Pycnodont

   Pyc"no*dont  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Paleon.) Any fossil fish belonging to the
   Pycnodontini.  They  have  numerous  round,  flat  teeth,  adapted for
   crushing.

                                 Pycnodontini

   Pyc`no*don"ti*ni  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.]  (Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of
   ganoid  fishes.  They  had a compressed body, covered with dermal ribs
   (pleurolepida) and with enameled rhomboidal scales.

                                  Pycnogonid

   Pyc*nog"o*nid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pycnogonida.

                                  Pycnogonida

   Pyc`no*gon"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A class of marine
   arthropods  in  which  the  body is small and thin, and the eight legs
   usually very long; -- called also Pantopoda.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e ab domen is rudimentary, and the triangular mouth
     is  at  the  end of a tubular proboscis. Many of them live at great
     depths  in the sea, and the largest of them measure two feet across
     the extended legs.

                                  Pycnometer

   Pyc*nom"e*ter  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -meter.]  (Physics)  A specific gravity
   bottle;  a standard flask for measuring and comparing the densities of
   liquids. [Also written pyknometer.]

                                  Pycnostyle

   Pyc"no*style   (?),  a.  [Gr.  pycnostyle.]  (Anc.  Arch.)  See  under
   Intercolumniation. -n. A pycnostyle colonnade.

                                      Pye

   Pye (?), n. See 2d Pie (b).

                                    Pyebald

   Pye"bald` (?), a. See Piebald.

                                   Pyelitis

   Py`e*li"tis  (?).  n.  [Gr. basin + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
   pelvis of the kidney.

                                    Pyemia

   Py*e"mi*a (?), n. (Med.) See Py\'92mia.

                                     Pyet

   Py"et (?), n. A magpie; a piet. [Prov. Eng.]

     Here cometh the worthy prelate as pert as a pyet. Sir W. Scott.

                                     Pygal

   Py"gal  (?),  a.  [Gr.  (Anat.) Situated in the region of the rump, or
   posterior  end of the backbone; -- applied especially to the posterior
   median plates in the carapace of chelonians.

                               Pygarg, Pygargus

   Py"garg (?), Py*gar"gus (?),[L. pygargus, Gr. pygargue.]

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  A  quadruped, probably the addax, an antelope having a
   white rump. Deut. xiv. 5.

   2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The female of the hen harrier. (b) The sea eagle.

                                   Pygidium

   Py*gid"i*um  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pygidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
   caudal  plate  of  trilobites,  crustacean,  and  certain insects. See
   Illust. of Limulus and Trilobite.

                                Pygmy, Pygmean

   Pyg"my  (?),  Pyg*me"an  (?),  a.  [L.  pygmaeus.  See  Pygmy.]  Of or
   pertaining  to  a  pygmy;  resembling a pygmy or dwarf; dwarfish; very
   small.  "  Like that Pygmean race." Milton. Pygmy antelope (Zo\'94l.),
   the  kleeneboc.  --  Pygmy goose (Zo\'94l.), any species of very small
   geese  of  the genus Nettapus, native of Africa, India, and Australia.
   --  Pygmy  owl (Zo\'94l.), the gnome. Pygmy parrot (Zo\'94l.), any one
   of  several species of very small green parrots (Nasitern\'91), native
   of New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not larger than sparrows.
   <--  Pygmy  chimpanzee,  a  species  of  anthropoid ape (Pan paniscus)
   resembling  the  chimpanzee, but somewhat smaller; also called bonobo.
   It  is considered (1996) as having the closest genetic relationship to
   humans of any other animal. It is found in forests in Zaire, and is an
   endangered species. -->

                                     Pygmy

   Pyg"my,  n.;  pl.  Pygmies  (#).  [L. pygmaeus, Gr. Pugnacious, Fist.]
   [Written also pigmy.]

   1.  (Class. Myth.) One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with
   the cranes, and were destroyed.

   2.  Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf. <--3. one of a race
   of short forest-dwelling African peoples. -->

     Pygmies are pygmies still, though perched on Alps. And pyramids are
     pyramids in vales. Young.

                                 Pygobranchia

   Py`go*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pugh` the rump + (Zo\'94l.)
   A  division  of opisthobranchiate mollusks having the branchi\'91 in a
   wreath or group around the anal opening, as in the genus Doris.

                                    Pygopod

   Py"go*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.]

   1. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Pygopodes.

   2.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  species  of  serpentiform  lizards  of the family
   Pygopodid\'91,  which  have rudimentary hind legs near the anal cleft,
   but lack fore legs.

                                  Pygropodes

   Py*grop"o*des  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.]  (Zo\'94l.) A division of swimming
   birds which includes the grebes, divers, auks, etc., in which the legs
   are placed far back.

                                  Pygopodous

   Py*gop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Pygopodes.

                                   Pygostyle

   Py"go*style  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Anat.) The plate of bone which forms the
   posterior  end  of  the  vertebral column in most birds; the plowshare
   bone;  the  vomer.  It  is formed by the union of a number of the last
   caudal vertebr\'91, and supports the uropigium.

                                     Pyin

   Py"in (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. (Chem.) An albuminoid constituent of pus,
   related  to  mucin,  possibly  a  mixture  of substances rather than a
   single body.

                                    Pyjama

   Py*ja"ma  (?),  n. [Hind. p\'bee-j\'bema, literally, leg clothing.] In
   India  and  Persia,  thin  loose  trowsers  or  drawers; in Europe and
   America,  drawers  worn  at  night, or a kind of nightdress with legs.
   [Written also paijama.]

                                     Pykar

   Pyk"ar (?), n. An ancient English fishing boat.

                                     Pyla

   Py"la  n.; pl. L. Pyl\'91 (#), E. Pylas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The
   passage between the iter and optoc\'d2le in the brain. B. G. Wilder.

                                   Pylagore

   Pyl"a*gore (?), n. [Gr. pylagore.] (Gr. Antiq.) a deputy of a State at
   the Amphictyonic council.

                                   Pylangium

   Py*lan"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Pylangia (. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The first
   and  undivided  part  of  the  aortic trunk in the amphibian heart. --
   Py*lan"gi*al (#), a.

                                     Pylon

   Py"lon  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr.  Gr.  (a) A low tower, having a truncated
   pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway.

     Massive pylons adorned with obelisks in front. J. W. Draper.

   (b)  An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking
   towers).

                                    Pyloric

   Py*lor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pylorique.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in
   the region of, the pylorus; as, the pyloric end of the stomach.

                                    Pylorus

   Py*lo"rus  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pylori  (#).  [L.,  fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The
   opening  from the stomach into the intestine. (b) A posterior division
   of the stomach in some invertebrates.

                                     Pyne

   Pyne (?), n. & v. See Pine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                    Pynoun

   Py*noun" (?), n. A pennant. [Obs.] Chaucer.

                                   Pyocyanin

   Py`o*cy"a*nin  (?),  n.  [Gr. (Physiol. (Chem.) A blue coloring matter
   found  in  the  pus  from old sores, supposed to be formed through the
   agency  of  a  species  of  bacterium  (Bacillus  pyocyaneus).<-- now,
   Pseudomonas aeruginosa C13H10N2O-->

                                   Pyogenic

   Py`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Producing or generating pus.

                                     Pyoid

   Py"oid  (?),  a.  [Gr.  -oid.]  (Med.) Of or pertaining to pus; of the
   nature  of,  or  like,  pus.  Pyoid corpuscles (Med.), cells of a size
   larger than pus corpuscles, containing two or more of the latter.

                                Pyopneumothorax

   Py`op*neu`mo*tho"rax  (?),  n. [Gr. pneumothorax.] (Med.) Accumulation
   of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural cavity.

                                     Pyot

   Py"ot (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The magpie. See Piet.

                                  Pyoxanthose

   Py`o*xan"those  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Physiol.  (Chem.)  A  greenish yellow
   crystalline coloring matter found with pyocyanin in pus.

                                   Pyracanth

   Pyr"a*canth  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Bot.)  The  evergreen thorn (Crat\'91gus
   Pyracantha), a shrub native of Europe.

                                     Pyral

   Py"ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pyre. [R.]

                                    Pyralid

   Pyr"a*lid  (?),  n.  [L.  pyralis,  -idis,  a  kind of winged insect.]
   (Zo\'94l.)  Any  moth  of  the  family  Pyralid\'91.  The  species are
   numerous and mostly small, but some of them are very injurious, as the
   bee moth, meal moth, hop moth, and clover moth.

                                    Pyramid

   Pyr"a*mid (?), n. [L. pyramis, -idis, fr. Gr. pyramide.]

   1.  A  solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base,
   and  terminating  in  a  point  at the top; especially, a structure or
   edifice of this shape.

   2.  (Geom.)  A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as
   base  and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases
   are sides of the base.

   3.  pl.  (Billiards) The game of pool in which the balls are placed in
   the form of a triangle at spot. [Eng.] <-- financial scheme -->
   Altitude  of  a  pyramid  (Geom.), the perpendicular distance from the
   vertex  to  the  plane  of  the  base. -- Axis of a pyramid (Geom.), a
   straight  line  drawn  from  the  vertex to the center of the base. --
   Earth  pyramid.  (Geol.)  See  Earth  pillars,  under  Earth. -- Right
   pyramid (Geom.) a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.

                                   Pyramidal

   Py*ram`i*dal (?), a. [Cf. F. pyramidal.]

   1.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  pyramid;  in  the  form of a a pyramid;
   pyramidical; as, pyramidal cleavage.

     The mystic obelisks stand up Triangular, pyramidal. Mrs. Browning.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1169

   2. (Crystallog.) Same as Tetragonal.
   Pyramidal   numbers   (Math.),  certain  series  of  figurate  numbers
   expressing  the  number of balls or points that may be arranged in the
   form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are trangular pyramidal
   numbers; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are square pyramidal numbers.
   
                                   Pyramidal
                                       
   Py*ram"i*dal  (?),  n. (Anat.) One of the carpal bones. See Cuneiform,
   n., 2 (b).
   
                                  Pyramidally
                                       
   Py*ram"i*dal*ly, adv. Like a pyramid.
   
                            Pyramidic, Pyramidical
                                       
   Pyr`a*mid"ic  (?),  Pyr`a*mid"ic*al  (?),  a.  Of  or  pertaining to a
   pyramid;  having  the  form  of  a pyramid; pyramidal. " A pyramidical
   rock."  Goldsmith.  "Gold  in  pyramidic  plenty piled." Shenstone. --
   Pyr`a*mid"ic*al*ly, adv. Pyr`a*mild"ic*al*ness, n. 

                                  Pyramidion

   Pyr`a*mid"i*on  (?), n.; pl. Pyramidia (#). [NL., from L. pyramis. See
   Pyramid.] The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk.

                                  Pyramidoid

   Py*ram"i*doid  (?),  n.  [Gr.  -id:  cf.  F.  pyramido\'8bde.] A solid
   resembling a pyramid; -- called also pyramoid. Barlow.

                                    Pyramis

   Pyr"a*mis (?), n.; pl. Pyramides (#). [L.] A pyramid.

                                   Pyramoid

   Pyr"a*moid (?), n. See Pyramidoid.

                                  Pyrargyrite

   Py*rar"gy*rite  (?),  n. [Gr. (Min.) Ruby silver; dark red silver ore.
   It  is  a  sulphide  of antimony and silver, occurring in rhombohedral
   crystals  or  massive,  and  is  of  a  dark red or black color with a
   metallic adamantine luster.

                                     Pyre

   Pyre  (?),  n. [L. pure, Gr. Fire.] A funeral pile; a combustible heap
   on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt.

     For  nine  long  nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick
     flaming shot a dismal glare. Pope.

                                    Pyrena

   Py*re"na  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pyren\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A nutlet
   resembling a seed, or the kernel of a drupe. Gray.

                                    Pyrene

   Py"rene  (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of
   coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C16H10.

                                    Pyrene

   Py"rene, n. (Bot.) Same as Pyrena.

                                   Pyrenean

   Pyr`e*ne"an  (?),  a.  [L.  Pyrenaei  (sc.  montes)  the Pyrenees, fr.
   Pyrene,  Gr.  Of  or  pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains
   separating France and Spain. -- n. The Pyrenees. Shak.

                                   Pyrenoid

   Py*re"noid  (?),  n.  [Gr. Pyrena, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A transparent
   body found in the chromatophores of certain Infusoria.

                                   Pyrethrin

   Pyr"eth*rin  (?),  n.  [NL.  Pyrethrum,  generic name of feverfew, Gr.
   (Chem.)  A  substance resembling, and isomeric with, ordinary camphor,
   and  extracted  from  the  essential  oil  of feverfew; -- called also
   Pyrethrum  camphor.<--  a  complex  of  several  substances.  Used  as
   insecticides. -->

                                  Pyrethrine

   Pyr"eth*rine  (?),  n.  (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from the root of
   the pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum).

                                    Pyretic

   Py*ret"ic  (?),  a.  [Gr.  pyr\'82tique.]  (Med.)  Of or pertaining to
   fever; febrile.

                                  Pyretology

   Pyr`e*tol"o*gy  (?),  n.  [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pyr\'82tologie.] (Med.) A
   discourse or treatise on fevers; the doctrine of fevers. Hooper.

                                    Pyrexia

   Py*rex"i*a  (?),  n.;  pl.  Pyrexi\'91  (#).  [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The
   febrile condition.

                              Pyrexial, Pyrexical

   Py*rex"i*al  (?),  Py*rex"ic*al  (?),  a.  (Med.)  Of or pertaining to
   fever; feverish.

                                    Pyrgom

   Pyr"gom  (?),  n.  [Gr.  (Min.)  A variety of pyroxene; -- called also
   fassaite.

                                 Pyrheliometer

   Pyr*he`li*om"e*ter  (?),  n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for
   measuring the direct heating effect of the sun's rays.

                                    Pyridic

   Py*rid"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Related to, or formed from, pyridin
   or its homologues; as, the pyridic bases.

                                   Pyridine

   Pyr"i*dine  (?),  n.  [From  Gr.  (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous base,
   C5H5N,  obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by
   the  decomposition  of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a
   peculiar  pungent odor. It is the nucleus of a large number of organic
   substances,  among  which several vegetable alkaloids, as nicotine and
   certain of the ptoma\'8bnes, may be mentioned. See Lutidine.

                                    Pyridyl

   Pyr"i*dyl  (?),  n.  [Pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical,
   C5H4N, regarded as the essential residue of pyridine, and analogous to
   phenyl.

                                   Pyriform

   Pyr"i*form (?), a. [L. pyrum, pirum, a pear + -form: cf. F. pyriforme,
   piriforme.] Having the form of a pear; pear-shaped.

                                  Pyritaceous

   Pyr`i*ta"ceous  (?),  a.  (Min.)  Of  or  pertaining  to  pyrites. See
   Pyritic.

                                    Pyrite

   Pyr"ite (?), n.; pl. Pyrites (#). [Cf. F. pyrite. See Pyrites.] (Min.)
   A  common  mineral of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic
   luster,  crystallizing  in  the  isometric  system; iron pyrites; iron
   disulphide.

     Hence  sable  coal  his  massy couch extends, And stars of gold the
     sparkling pyrite blends. E. Darwin.

                                    Pyrites

   Py*ri"tes  (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Pyre.] (Min.) A name given to a number
   of  metallic  minerals, sulphides of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and
   tin, of a white or yellowish color.

     NOTE: &hand; The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite,
     or  iron pyrites, in allusion to its giving sparks when struck with
     steel.

   Arsenical  pyrites,  arsenopyrite.  --  Auriferous  pyrites. See under
   Auriferous.  --  Capillary  pyrites,  millerite.  --  Common  pyrites,
   isometric iron disulphide; pyrite. -- Hair pyrites, millerite. -- Iron
   pyrites.  See Pyrite. -- Magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotite. -- Tin pyrites,
   stannite.   --  White  iron  pyrites,  orthorhombic  iron  disulphide;
   marcasite.  This  includes  cockscomb pyrites (a variety of marcasite,
   named  in  allusion  to  its  form), spear pyrites, etc. -- Yellow, OR
   Copper, pyrites, the sulphide of copper and iron; chalcopyrite.

                              Pyritic, Pyritical

   Py*rit"ic  (?),  Py*rit"ic*al  (?),  a.  (Min.)  Of  or  pertaining to
   pyrites; consisting of, or resembling, pyrites.

                                 Pyritiferous

   Pyr`i*tif"er*ous  (?),  a.  [Pyrites  + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing or
   producing pyrites.

                                   Pyritize

   Pyr"i*tize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. pyritiser.] To convert into pyrites.

                                 Pyritohedral

   Pyr`i*to*he"dral   (?),  a.  [See  Pyritohedron.]  (Crystallog.)  Like
   pyrites in hemihedral form.

                                 Pyritohedron

   Pyr`i*to*he"dron  (?),  n.  [Pyrite + Gr. (Crystallog.) The pentagonal
   dodecahedron, a common form of pyrite.

                                   Pyritoid

   Pyr"i*toid (?), n. [Pyrite + -oid.] (Crystallog.) Pyritohedron. [R.]

                                  Pyritology

   Pyr`i*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of blowpipe analysis.

                                   Pyritous

   Pyr"i*tous (?), a. Pyritic.

                                  Pyro-, Pyr-

   Pyro-,   Pyr-.   [Gr.   Combining  forms  designating  fire  or  heat;
   specifically   (Chem.),   used  to  imply  an  actual  or  theoretical
   derivative by the action of heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric,
   pyrotartaric, pyrotungstic, etc.

                                     Pyro

   Py"ro (?), n. (Photog.) Abbreviation of pyrogallic acid. [Colloq.]

                                  Pyroacetic

   Pyr`o*a*ce"tic  (?),  a.  [Pyro-  +  acetic:  cf. F. pyroac\'82tique.]
   (Chem.) Pertaining to, and designating, a substance (acetone) obtained
   by  the distillation of the acetates. It is now called also pyroacetic
   ether, and formerly was called pyroacetic spirit.

                                   Pyroacid

   Pyr`o*ac"id  (?),  n.  [Pyro-  +  acid.]  (Chem.)  An acid obtained by
   sybjecting another acid to the action of heat. Cf. Pyro-.

                                Pyroantimonate

   Pyr`o*an`ti*mo"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroantimonic acid.

                                 Pyroantimonic

   Pyr`o*an`ti*mon"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + antimonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
   or designating, an acid of antimony analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

                                 Pyroarsenate

   Pyr`o*ar"se*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroarsenic acid.

                                  Pyroarsenic

   Pyr`o*ar*sen"ic  (?),  a.  [Pyro- + arsenic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to or
   designating, an acid of arsenic analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

                                  Pyroborate

   Pyr`o*bo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroboric acid.

                                   Pyroboric

   Pyr`o*bo"ric  (?),  a.  [Pyro- + boric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to derived
   from,  or  designating, an acid, H2B4O7 (called also tetraboric acid),
   which  is  the  acid  ingredient of ordinary borax, and is obtained by
   heating boric acid.

                                 Pyrocatechin

   Pyr`o*cat"e*chin   (?),   n.   [Pyro-  +  catechu.]  (Chem.)  A  white
   crystalline  substance,  C6H4(OH)2,  of  the  phenol  series, found in
   various plants; -- so called because first obtained by distillation of
   gum catechu. Called also catechol, oxyphenol. etc.

                                  Pyrochlore

   Pyr"o*chlore (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.) A niobate of calcium, cerium,
   and  other  bases,  occurring usually in octahedrons of a yellowish or
   brownish  color  and  resinous  luster; -- so called from its becoming
   grass-green on being subjected to heat under the blowpipe.

                                  Pyrocitric

   Pyr`o*cit"ric  (?),  a. [Pyro- + citric: cf. F. pyrocitrique.] (Chem.)
   Pertaining  to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained by the
   distillation  of  citric  acid,  and  called  respectively citraconic,
   itaconic, and mesaconic acid.

                                   Purocoll

   Pur"o*coll (?), n. [Puro- + Gr. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance
   allied to pyrrol, obtained by the distillation of gelatin.

                                 Pyroelectric

   Pyr`o*e*lec"tric  (?), a. [Pyro- + electric.] (Physics) Pertaining to,
   or  dependent  on,  pyroelectricity;  receiving electric polarity when
   heated.

                                 Pyroelectric

   Pyr`o*e*lec"tric,  n. (Physics) A substance which becomes electrically
   polar when heated, exhibiting opposite charges of statical electricity
   at two separate parts, especially the two extremities.

                                Pyroelectricity

   Pyr`o*e`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n. (Physics) Electricity developed by means
   of heat; the science which treats of electricity thus developed.

                                  Pyrogallate

   Pyr`o*gal"late  (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of
   pyrogallol.

                                  Pyrogallic

   Pyr`o*gal"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + gallic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
   from, or designating, an acid called pyrogallol. See Pyrogallol.

                                  Pyrogallol

   Pyr`o*gal"lol  (?),  n. [Pyrogallic + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol metameric
   with  phloroglucin,  obtained  by the distillation of gallic acid as a
   poisonous  white  crystalline  substance  having  acid properties, and
   hence called also pyrogallic acid. It is a strong reducer, and is used
   as a developer in photography and in the production of certain dyes.

                                    Pyrogen

   Pyr"o*gen (?), n. [See Pyrogenous.]

   1. Electricity. [R.]

   2. (Physiol. Chem.) A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions,
   and supposed to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of
   bacteria.

                                   Pyrogenic

   Pyr`o*gen"ic  (?), a. [Pyro- + -gen + -ic.] (Physiol.) Producing heat;
   --   said   of  substances,  as  septic  poisons,  which  elevate  the
   temperature of the body and cause fever.

                                  Pyrogenous

   Py*rog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. genous: cf. F. purog\'8ane, Gr. Produced by
   fire; igneous. Mantell. .

                                  Pyrognostic

   Pyr`og*nos"tic  (?),  a.  [Pyro-  +  Gr.  (Min.)  Of  or pertaining to
   characters  developed by the use of heat; pertaining to the characters
   of  minerals  when  examined  before the blowpipe; as, the pyrognostic
   characters of galena.

                                 Pyrognostics

   Pyr`og*nos"tics  (?),  n.  pl.  (Min.)  The  characters  of  a mineral
   observed  by  the  use  of  the blowpipe, as the degree of fusibility,
   flame coloration, etc.

                                  Pyrography

   Py*rog"ra*phy  (?),  n.  [Pyro-  +  -graphy.]  A  process of printing,
   ornamenting, or carving, by burning with heated instruments.

                                   Pyrolator

   Py*rol"a*tor (?), n. [See Pyrolatry.] A fire worshiper. [R.] Southey.

                                   Pyrolatry

   Py*rol"a*try (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. pyrol\'83trie.] The worship of fire.
   Young.

                           Pyroligneous, Pyrolignic

   Pyr`o*lig"ne*ous  (?),  Pyr`o*lig"nic  (?), a. [Pyro-+ L. lignum wood:
   cf.  F.  pyroligneux.]  (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the
   acid   liquid   obtained  in  the  distillation  of  wood,  consisting
   essentially of impure acetic acid.

                                  Pyrolignous

   Pyr`o*lig"nous (?), a. Same as Pyroligneous.

                                  Pyrolithic

   Pyr`o*lith"ic  (?), a. [Pyro- + lithic.] (Old Chem.) Same as Pyrouric,
   or Cyanuric.

                                  Pyrologist

   Py*rol"o*gist  (?),  n.  One  who  is  versed in, or makes a study of,
   pyrology.

                                   Pyrology

   Py*rol"o*gy  (?), n. [Pyro- + -logy: cf. F. pyrologie.] That branch of
   physical science which treats of the properties, phenomena, or effects
   of heat; also, a treatise on heat.

                                  Pyrolusite

   Pyr`o*lu"site (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.) Manganese dioxide, a mineral
   of an iron-black or dark steel-gray color and metallic luster, usually
   soft.  Pyrolusite  parts  with  its  oxygen  at  a  red  heat,  and is
   extensively  used  in  discharging  the brown and green tints of glass
   (whence its name).

                                 Pyromagnetic

   Pyr`o*mag*net"ic  (?),  a. [Pyro- + magnetic.] (Physics) Acting by the
   agency of heat and magnetism; as, a pyromagnetic machine for producing
   electric currents.

                                  Pyromalate

   Pyr`o*ma"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromalic acid. [Obs.]

                                   Pyromalic

   Pyr`o*ma"lic  (?),  a.  [Pyro- + malic.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating, an acid now called maleic acid.

                                   Pyromancy

   Pyr"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. pyromancie.] Divination by means of fire.

                                   Pyromania

   Pyr"o*ma"ni*a  (?),  n.  [Pyro-  +  mania.]  An  insane disposition to
   incendiarism.

                                  Pyromantic

   Pyr"o*man"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pyromancy.

                                  Pyromantic

   Pyr`o*man"tic,  n. [Cf. Gr. One who pretends to divine by fire. Sir T.
   Herbert.

                                   Pyrometer

   Py*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Pyro- + -meter: cf. F. pyrom\'8atre.]

   1.  (Physics)  An instrument used for measuring the expansion of solid
   bodies by heat.

   2.  (Physics)  An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those
   indicated by the mercurial thermometer.

     NOTE: &hand; It is usually constructed so as to register the change
     which  the  heat  to  be  measured  produces  in the length of some
     expansible  substance,  as a metallic rod, or in the intensity of a
     thermo-electric current.

                           Pyrometric, Pyrometrical

   Pyr`o*met"ric  (?),  Pyr`o*met"ric*al  a.  [Cf.  F.  pyrom\'82trique.]
   (Physics)   Pertaining   to,   or  obtained  by,  the  pyrometer;  as,
   pyrometrical instruments; pyrometrical measurements.

                                   Pyrometry

   Py*rom"e*try  (?),  n.  The  art  of measuring degrees of heat, or the
   expansion of bodies by heat.

                                 Pyromorphite

   Pyr`o*mor"phite  (?),  n. [G. pyromorphit, from Gr. (Min.) Native lead
   phosphate  with  lead  chloride,  occurring  in bright green and brown
   hexagonal  crystals  and  also  massive;  -- so called because a fused
   globule crystallizes in cooling.

                                 Pyromorphous

   Pyr`o*mor"phous  (?),  a.  [Pyro-  +  -morphous.]  (Min.)  Having  the
   property of crystallizing by the agency of fire.

                                  Pyromucate

   Pyr`o*mu"cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromucic acid.

                                   Pyromucic

   Pyr`o*mu"cic  (?),  a. [Pyro- + mucic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
   from,  or  designating,  an  acid  obtained  as  a  white  crystalline
   substance  by  the  distillation of mucic acid, or by the oxidation of
   furfurol.

                                  Pyronomics

   Pyr`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. The science of heat.

                                    Pyrope

   Pyr"ope  (?),  n.  [L.  pyropus a kind of red bronze, fr. Gr. pyrope.]
   (Min.)  A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently
   with  a  tinge  of  orange.  It  is  used as a gem. See the Note under
   Garnet.

                                   Pyrophane

   Pyr"o*phane  (?),  n.  [See  Pyrophanous.]  (Min.)  A mineral which is
   opaque  in  its  natural  state,  but  is said to change its color and
   become transparent by heat.

                                  Pyrophanous

   Py*roph"a*nous (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. Rendered transparent by heat.

                                   Pyrophone

   Pyr"o*phone  (?),  n.  [Pyro-  + Gr. A musical instrument in which the
   tones are produced by flames of hydrogen, or illuminating gas, burning
   in tubes of different sizes and lengths.

                            Pyrophoric, Pyrophorous

   Pyr`o*phor"ic    (?),    Py*roph"o*rous   (?),   a.   [Pyro-   +   Gr.
   Light-producing;  of  or  pertaining  to  pyrophorus.  Pyrophoric iron
   (Chem.),  finely  reduced iron, which ignites spontaneously on contact
   with air.

                                  Pyrophorus

   Py*roph"o*rus  (?),  n.  [NL. See Pyrophorous.] (Old Chem.) Any one of
   several   substances   or   mixtures   which  phosphoresce  or  ignite
   spontaneously on exposure to air, as a heated mixture of alum, potash,
   and charcoal, or a mixture of charcoal and finely divided lead.

                                 Pyrophosphate

   Pyr"o*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrophosphoric acid.

                                Pyrophosphoric

   Pyr`o*phos*phor"ic  (?),  a.  [Pyro- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining
   to,  or  designating,  an  acid,  H4P2O7, which is obtained as a white
   crystalline   substance.   Its  salts  are  obtained  by  heating  the
   phosphates.

                                 Pyrophyllite

   Py*roph"yl*lite  (?),  n.  [Pyro- + Gr. (Min.) A mineral, usually of a
   white  or  greenish color and pearly luster, consisting chiefly of the
   hydrous silicate of alumina.

                                   Pyroscope

   Pyr"o*scope  (?),  n. [Pyro- + -scope: cf. F. pyroscope.] (Physics) An
   instrument  for measuring the intensity of heat radiating from a fire,
   or  the cooling influence of bodies. It is a differential thermometer,
   having one bulb coated with gold or silver leaf. [R.]
     _________________________________________________________________

   Page 1170

                                    Pyrosis

   Py*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr Gr. (Med.) See Water brash, under Brash.

                                  Pyrosmalite

   Py*ros"ma*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. -like. ] (Min.) A mineral, usually
   of  a  pale  brown  or  of  a  gray or grayish green color, consisting
   chiefly  of  the  hydrous silicate of iron and manganese; -- so called
   from the odor given off before the blowpipe.

                                   Pyrosome

   Pyr"o*some  (?),  n.  [Pyro-  +  -some  body.] (Zo\'94l.) Any compound
   ascidian  of  the  genus  Pyrosoma.  The  pyrosomes  form large hollow
   cylinders, sometimes two or three feet long, which swim at the surface
   of the sea and are very phosphorescent.

                                 Pyrosulphate

   Pyr`o*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrosulphuric acid.

                                 Pyrosulphuric

   Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
   or  designating,  an  acid  called  also disulphuric acid) obtained by
   distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid,
   H2S2O7  resembling  sulphuric  acid.  It  is  used  in the solution of
   indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.

                                 Pygotartaric

   Pyg`o*tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + tartaric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating,  an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the
   distillation of tartaric acid.

                                 Pyrotartrate

   Pyr`o*tar"trate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrotartaric acid.

                                 Pyrotechnian

   Pyr`o*tech"ni*an (?), n. A pyrotechnist.

                          Pyrotechnic, Pyrotechnical

   Pyr`o*tech"nic  (?),  Pyr`o*tech"nic*al  (?),  a.  [Pyro-  +  technic,
   technical:   cf.   F.  pyrotechnique.  See  Fire,  Technical.]  Of  or
   pertaining  to  fireworks,  or  the art of forming them. Pyrotechnical
   sponge. See under Sponge.

                                Pyrotechnician

   Pyr`o*tech*ni"cian (?), n. A pyrotechnist.

                                 Pyrotechnics

   Pyr`o*tech"nics  (?),  n. The art of making fireworks; the manufacture
   and use of fireworks; pyrotechny.

                                 Pyrotechnist

   Pyr`o*tech"nist   (?),   n.   One   skilled  in  pyrotechny;  one  who
   manufactures fireworks. Steevens.

                                  Pyrotechny

   Pyr`o*tech`ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pyrotechnie.]

   1. The use and application of fire in science and the arts. [Obs.] Sir
   M. Hale.

   2. Same as Pyrotechnics.

                                  Pyrothonide

   Py*roth"o*nide  (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. (Med.) A kind of empyreumatic oil
   produced  by the combustion of textures of hemp, linen, or cotton in a
   copper vessel, -- formerly used as a remedial agent. Dunglison.

                                    Pyrotic

   Py*rot"ic  (?), a. [Gr. pyrotique.] Caustic. See Caustic. -- n. (Med.)
   A caustic medicine.

                                Pyrotritartaric

   Pyr`o*tri`tar*tar"ic  (?),  a.  [Pyro-  +  tri-  +  tartaric.] (Chem.)
   Designating an acid which is more commonly called uric acid.

                                 Pyrotungstic

   Pyr`o*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Polytungstic. See Metatungstic.

                                  Pyro\'81ric

   Pyr`o*\'81"ric  (?),  a. [Pyro- + uric.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating, an acid now called cyanuric acid. See Cyanuric.

                                  Pyrovanadic

   Pyr`o*va*nad"ic  (?),  a. [Pyro- + vanadic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating, an acid of vanadium, analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

                                  Pyroxanthin

   Pyr`o*xan"thin  (?),  n.  [Pyro-  +  Gr.  (Chem.) A yellow crystalline
   hydrocardon extracted from crude wood spirit; -- called also eblanin.

                                   Pyroxene

   Pyr"ox*ene  (?),  n. [F. pyrox\'8ane, from Gr. (Min.) A common mineral
   occurring  in  monoclinic  crystals,  with a prismatic angle of nearly
   90°, and also in massive forms which are often laminated. It varies in
   color  from white to dark green and black, and includes many varieties
   differing  in  color and composition, as diopside, malacolite, salite,
   coccolite,  augite,  etc.  They are all silicates of lime and magnesia
   with  sometimes alumina and iron. Pyroxene is an essential constituent
   of many rocks, especially basic igneous rocks, as basalt, gabbro, etc.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e pyroxene group contains pyroxene proper, also the
     related orthorhombic species, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, and
     various monoclinic and triclinic species, as rhodonite, etc.

                                   Pyroxenic

   Pyr`ox*en"ic  (?),  a.  [Cf.  F. pyrox\'82nique.] Containing pyroxene;
   composed chiefly of pyroxene.

                                  Pyroxenite

   Py*rox"e*nite   (?),  n.  (Min.)  A  rock  consisting  essentially  of
   pyroxene.

                                   Pyroxyle

   Py*rox"yle (?), n. [Cf. F. pyroxyle. See Pyroxylic, -yl.]

                                   Pyroxylic

   Pyr`ox*yl"ic  (?),  a.  [Pyro-  + Gr. (Old Chem.) Derived from wood by
   distillation; -- formerly used in designating crude wood spirit.

                                   Pyroxylin

   Py*rox"y*lin  (?),  n.  (Chem.)  A  substance resembling gun cotton in
   composition  and  properties,  but  distinct in that it is more highly
   nitrified  and  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether, etc.; -- called also
   pyroxyle.

                                    Pyrrhic

   Pyr"rhic (?), a. [L. pyrrhichius, Gr.

   1.  Of  or pertaining to an ancient Greek martial dance. " ye have the
   pyrrhic dance as yet." Byron.

   2.  (Pros.)  Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing
   pyrrhic;  as, a pyrrhic verse. <-- Pyrrhic victory [From Pyrrhus, king
   of  Epirus],  a  victory in which the winning side sustains very heavy
   losses.  (b)  any  act supposedly benefitting the actor, for which the
   costs outweight the benefits. -->

                                    Pyrrhic

   Pyr"rhic, n.

   1.  [Gr.  pyrrhique,  fem.]  An  ancient  Greek  martial dance, to the
   accompaniment of the flute, its time being very quick.

   2.  [L.  pyrrhichius  (sc.  pes), Gr. pyrrhique, masc.] (Pros.) A foot
   consisting of two short syllables.

                                  Pyrrhicist

   Pyr"rhi*cist (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) One two danced the pyrrhic.

                             Pyrrhonean, Pyrrhonic

   Pyr*rho"ne*an  (?),  Pyr*rhon"ic  (?),  a.  [L.  Pyrrhon\'88us: cf. F.
   pyrrhonien.] Of or pertaining to pyrrhonism.

                                  Pyrrhonism

   Pyr"rho*nism (?), n. [From Pyrrho, the founder of a school of skeptics
   in  Greece  (about  300  b.  c.):  cf.  F.  pyrrhonisme.]  Skepticism;
   universal doubt.

                                  Pyrrhonist

   Pyr"rho*nist (?), n. A follower of Pyrrho; a skeptic.

                            Pyrrhotine, Pyrrhotite

   Pyr"rho*tine  (?),  Pyr"rho*tite  (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A bronze-colored
   mineral,  of  metallic  luster.  It  is  a  sulphide  of  iron, and is
   remarkable  for  being  attracted  by the magnet. Called also magnetic
   pyrites.

                                    Pyrrol

   Pyr"rol  (?),  n. [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base found in
   coal  tar,  bone oil, and other distillates of organic substances, and
   also  produced  synthetically  as a colorless liquid, C4H5N, having on
   odor  like that of chloroform. It is the nucleus and origin of a large
   number  of derivatives. So called because it colors a splinter of wood
   moistened with hydrochloric acid a deep red.

                                   Pyrroline

   Pyr"ro*line  (?),  n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, C4H7N, obtained as a
   colorless liquid by the reduction of pyrrol.

                                    Pyrula

   Pyr"u*la  (?),  n.  [NL.,  fr. L. pyrus a pear.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
   large  marine  gastropods. having a pear-shaped shell. It includes the
   fig-shells. See Illust. in Appendix.

                                    Pyruric

   Py*ru"ric (?), a. Same as Pyro\'81ric.

                                     Pyrus

   Py"rus  (?), n. [L. pyrus, or better pirus, pear tree.] (Bot.) A genus
   of  rosaceous trees and shrubs having pomes for fruit. It includes the
   apple, crab apple, pear, chokeberry, sorb, and mountain ash.

                                    Pyruvic

   Py*ru"vic  (?), a. [Pyro- + L. uva a grape.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
   designating,  an  acid  (called  also pyroracemic acid) obtained, as a
   liquid having a pungent odor, by the distillation of racemic acid.

                                    Pyruvil

   Py*ru"vil  (?),  n. (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous compound obtained by
   heating together pyruvic acid and urea.

                                  Pythagorean

   Pyth`a*go"re*an  (?),  a.  [L.  Pythagoreus,  Gr.  Of or pertaining to
   Pythagoras  (a  Greek  philosopher,  born  about  582  b.  c.), or his
   philosophy.

     The  central  thought  of the Pythagorean philosophy is the idea of
     number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations
     of things. Encyc. Brit.

   Pythagorean proposition (Geom.), the theorem that the square described
   upon  the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is equal to the
   sum   of  the  squares  described  upon  the  other  two  sides.<--  =
   Pythagorean theorem. --> -- Pythagorean system (Astron.), the commonly
   received   system  of  astronomy,  first  taught  by  Pythagoras,  and
   afterward  revived  by  Copernicus,  whence  it  is  also  called  the
   Copernican system. -- Pythagorean letter. See Y.

                                  Pythagorean

   Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), n. A follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of
   philosophers founded by Pythagoras.

                                Pythagoreanism

   Pyth`a*go"re*an*ism  (?),  n.  The  doctrines  of  Pythagoras  or  the
   Pythagoreans.

     As  a  philosophic  school  Pythagoreanism became extinct in Greece
     about the middle of the 4th century [B. C.]. Encyc. Brit.

                           Pythagoric, Pythagorical

   Pyth`a*gor"ic  (?),  Pyth`a*gor"ic*al  (?),  a.[L.  Pythagoricus,  Gr.
   pythagorique.] See Pythagorean, a.

                                  Pythagorism

   Py*thag"o*rism (?), n. [Gr. The doctrines taught by Pythagoras.

     NOTE: &hand; Pythagoras made numbers the basis of his philosophical
     system,  as  well  physical  as  metaphysical.  The doctrine of the
     transmigration of souls (metempsychosis) is associated closely with
     name of Pythagoras.

                                  Pythagorize

   Py*thag"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pythagorized (?); p. pr. & vb.
   n.   Pythagorizing  (?).]  [Gr.  To  speculate  after  the  manner  of
   Pythagoras.

                                    Pythiad

   Pyth"i*ad  (?),  n. [See Pythian.] (Gr. Antiq.) The period intervening
   between one celebration of the Pythian games and the next.

                                    Pythian

   Pyth"i*an  (?),  a.  [L.  Pythius,  Gr.  pythien.] Of or pertaining to
   Delphi,  to  the  temple of Apollo, or to the priestess of Apollo, who
   delivered  oracles  at  Delphi. Pythian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the
   four  great  national  festivals  of  ancient  Greece, celebrated near
   Delphi,  in  honor  of  Apollo, the conqueror of the dragon Python, at
   first once in eight years, afterward once in four.

                                  Pythocenic

   Pyth`o*cen"ic  (?), a. [Gr. Producing decomposition, as diseases which
   are supposed to be accompanied or caused by decomposition.

                                    Python

   Py"thon  (?),  n. [NL., fr. L. Python the serpent slain near Delphi by
   Apollo, Gr.

   1.  (Zo\'94l.)  Any  species of very large snakes of the genus Python,
   and  allied genera, of the family Pythonid\'91. They are nearly allied
   to the boas. Called also rock snake.

     NOTE: &hand; Th e py thons ha ve small pelvic bones, or anal spurs,
     two rows of subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in
     Africa, Asia, and the East Indies.

   2.  A  diviner  by  spirits. "[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed
   pythons." 4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version).

                                   Pythoness

   Pyth"o*ness (?), n. [L. pythonissa: cf. F. pythonisse. See Pythian.]

   1.  (Gr.  Antiq.) The priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi in
   Greece.

   2. Any woman supposed to have a spirit of divination; a sort of witch.
   Bp. Hall.

                                   Pythonic

   Py*thon"ic  (?), a. [L. pythonicus, Gr. Pythian.] Prophetic; oracular;
   pretending to foretell events.

                                   Pythonism

   Pyth"o*nism  (?),  n. The art of predicting events after the manner of
   the priestess of Apollo at Delphi; equivocal prophesying.

                                   Pythonist

   Pyth"o*nist (?), n. A conjurer; a diviner.

                                 Pythonomorpha

   Pyth`o*no*mor"pha  (?),  n.  pl.  [NL.  See  Python,  and  -morphous.]
   (Paleon.) Same as Mosasauria.

                                    Pyuria

   Py*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A morbid condition in which pus
   is discharged in the urine.

                                      Pyx

   Pyx  (?),  )n.  [L.  pyxis a box, Gr. Box a receptacle.] [Written also
   pix.]

   1.  ( R. C. Ch.) The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which the host
   is reserved.

   2.  A  box  used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain
   sample  coins  taken  for  a trial of the weight and fineness of metal
   before it is sent from the mint. Mushet.

   3.  (Naut.)  The  box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle.
   Weale.

   4. (Anat.) Same as Pyxis.
   Pyx cloth (R. C. Ch.d>, a veil of silk or lace covering the pyx. Trial
   of  the  pyx, the annual testing, in the English mint, of the standard
   of gold and silver coins. Encyc. Brit.

                                      Pyx

   Pyx,  v.  t. To test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited
   in the pyx. [Eng.] Mushet.

                                   Pyxidate

   Pyx"i*date (?), a. Having a pyxidium.

                                   Pyxidium

   Pyx*id"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pyxidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Pyx.] (Bot.) (a) A
   pod  which  divides  circularly into an upper and lower half, of which
   the  former  acts  as a kind of lid, as in the pimpernel and purslane.
   (b) The theca of mosses.

                                     Pyxle

   Pyx"le (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pixy.

                                     Pyxis

   Pyx*is (?), n. [L.]

   1. A box; a pyx.

   2. (Bot.) A pyxidium.

   3. (Anat.) The acetabulum. See Acetabulum, 2.
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